A regression estimator is said to be robust if it is still reliable in the presence of outliers. On the other hand, its standard error is said to be robust if it is still reliable when the regression errors are autocorrelated and/or heteroskedastic. This paper shows how robust standard errors can be computed for several robust estimators of regression, including MMestimators. The improvement relative to non-robust standard errors is illustrated by means of large-sample bias calculations, simulations, and a real data example. It turns out that non-robust standard errors of robust estimators may be severely biased. However, if autocorrelation and heteroscedasticity are absent, non-robust standard errors are more e.cient than the robust standard errors that we propose. We therefore also present a test of the hypothesis that the robust and non-robust standard errors have the same probability limit.


Swapan Bhattacharya is pleased to be part of the International Symposium on Cloud and Services Computing 2012 (ISCOS 2012) as the patron. In the present fast changing world, there is a need for new technologies and innovations in every dimension of the life. It has been the endeavor of the Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Karnataka, Surathkal, to be associated with any effort to provide quality seminars, conferences and workshops as services to the academia and impart the highest degree of knowledge and education in this direction to meet this need. It is pleasant to note that the ISCOS 2012 has aims and objectives which will strive for providing a platform for all educators and researchers in Cloud and Services Computing to interact and exchange ideas to better the IT and Computing education in academia in India.


AIM To  study prevalance of ESBL production in isolates of E. coli in urinary tract infection. MATERIAL AND METHODS : This prospective study was carried out between January 2016 and September 2017. Follow-ups varied in patients according to their disease presentation and clinical outcomes. All strains  from urine were cultured and identified by the Laboratory . In vitro  presence of ESBL was confirmed by double disc method. RESULTS: . The most common isolated organism is E.coli.55 patients were studied out of which 26% are ESBL producer 76% are non ESBL.ESBLconfer multidrug resistance making UTI difficult to treat. CONCLUSION ESBL prevalence is steadily increasing &confer multidrug resistant strains difficult to treat.


Abstract Late Pleistocene large mammal extinctions in North America have been attributed to a number of factors or combination of factors, primarily climate change and human hunting, but the relative roles of these factors remain much debated. Clo-vis-period hunters exploited species such as mammoth, but many now extinct species such as camels were seemingly not hunted. Archaeological evidence from the Wally's Beach site in southern Canada, including stone tools and butchered bone, provide the first evidence that Clovis people hunted North American camels. Archaeologists generally dismiss human hunting as a significant contributor to Pleistocene extinctions in North America, but Wally's Beach demonstrates that human hunting was more inclusive than assumed and we must continue to consider hunting as a factor in Pleistocene extinctions.


The multi- wire proportional counter (MWPC) has been intensively applied to the image formation measurement in high energy physics. The interaction of various energy X-rays (20—100keV) with Xe atoms in a MWPC filled with high pressure Xe gas was studied by Monte Carlo simulation. The influence of scattered X-ray and Xenon's KX-ray on the accuracy of position determination with the counter was investigated. The distortion of image coused by scattered and KX-rays was studied by low density virtual model simulation. A method was proposed to correct the image distortion.


This paper analyzes the current petrol standards and production status in China, compares it with international standards and the standards meeting China's environmental protection requirements,and finds out the gap between them, then puts forth solutions and corresponding production measures. At the same time,it emphatically studies the production and popularization of high quality clean petrol and puts forward suggestions about implementing in steps.


DISCUSSION. Mr. F. RICHARDSON CROSS said the importance of the relationship of disease of the eye to affections of the nose had been thoroughly recognized for a long time. He said he began his work as a general surgeon, and had operated upon many cases of frontal sinus mischief; and realizing the importance of the connexion between the work of the nasal surgeon and the ophthalinologist, he had persuaded the Committee of -the Eye Hospital at Bristol to have a nasal surgeon associated with the Staff. Every practical ophthalmic surgeon would acknowledge the help that could be obtained from the rhinologist in dealing with sinus cases. Some cases of eye disease started in the nose, but his experience was that they were not very common; it was generally fairly obvious where the main centre of the disease lay, whether it was primarily a nose or an eye condition-though, no doubt, some were on the borderland, and the best line of treatment might be uncertain. All forms of sinusitis, particularly in frontal and anterior ethmoidal disease, might implicate the orbit; while inflammation of -the sphenoidal or posterior ethmoidal cells might be expected to involve the optic nerve at the apex of the orbit or in the optic chiasma. But evidence of implication of the nerves of sight was usually absent-definite abnormity of the optic disk was rare, because of the distance of the disease behind the eyeball; though some haze or pallor of the papilla might be present, especially if there was extension into the orbital cavity. There might be complete absence of defective mnovement, or of tenderness in the eyeball. The most valuable test in these cases was by the perimeter; diminution in the temporal field, chiefly in its upper quadrant, suggested pressure on the chiasma, or intracranial portion of the optic nerve, as they lay in the sphenoid bone-while implication of the nerve at the foramen, or in its orbital portion, might cause peripheral narrowing of the field, or more probably a central defect, because the very delicate axial fibres were those most readily affected by the pressure. Mr. Cross illustrated his remarks by lantern slides showing charts of the visual fields in different cases.


In order to study the thermal deformation law and to realize the real-time compensation for CNC machine tools, the theoretical and experimental analysis for CNC machine tool spindle thermal deformation are carried out. Results show that the relationship between the spindle thermal deformation and the spindle temperature is approximate linear relationship at about 1/3 distance away from the heat sources. That is to say, the spindle thermal deformation exist pseudo-lag. This conclusion provides a theoretical basis for temperature sensor setup and thermal error robust modeling. To verify the thermal deformation pseudo-lag, the spindle thermal errors of a VM850 machining center is measured, and the thermal error model is established according to the least square method. The spindle thermal deformation is compensated using the real-time error compensation system. The spindle thermal error is reduced by 90% compared with no compensation, and the spindle accuracy is greatly improved.


Chemical reactions result in the conversion of reactants to products through an intermediate state or a transition state. Unambiguous identifications of and investigations of chemical reactions are thus most complete when detecting all of the involved relevant species: reactants, products, and any transient intermediate states. Although direct observation of an intermediate collision complex is challenging because it is generally short-lived, it holds many of the key insights to understand the reaction bond breaking and forming processes. Femtochemistry techniques have been instrumental in resolving the short time scales necessary to directly probe transient intermediates for unimolecular reactions. In this work, we take the contrasting new approach of prolonging the lifetime of the intermediate by preparing reactant molecules in their lowest ro-vibronic quantum state at ultralow temperatures, thereby drastically reducing the number of exit channels accessible upon the collision of a pair of molecules. Using ionization spectroscopy and velocity-map imaging (VMI) of a trapped gas of potassium-rubidium molecules at a temperature of 500~nK, we directly observe reactants, intermediates, and products of the four-center reaction $^{40}$K$^{87}$Rb + $^{40}$K$^{87}$Rb $\rightarrow$ K$_2$Rb$^*_2$ $\rightarrow$ K$_2$ + Rb$_2$. This work reveals a long-lived energy-rich intermediate complex and opens the door for studies of quantum-state resolved reaction dynamics in the ultracold regime.


The problems of generation within geo-medium of electromagnetic disturbances of radiowave (kilo-hertz) region registered on the Earth's surface are considered in the paper. Attention is concentrated on mathematical aspects of the problem, namely on the analysis of earlier proposed non-linear equation of generation of the type "reaction - diffusion" which gives a description of the complicated excitation regimes and propagation of electromagnetic disturbances in the considered model of geo-medium - self-similar structure, which determines seismic and electromagnetic processes in it. Review is given on the physical level, and peculiarities of this equation are analyzed and possible ways of its solution. In order to simplify the equation under analysis it is proposed in the work to use its symmetry. Symmetry method allows reducing the equations (or their system) in partial derivatives of parabolic type to the study of a system of ordinary differential equations. For this purpose both classical theory-group approach and its generalization - conditional invariance method can be used.


This work presents a stochastic daily precipitation generator that incorporates a climate index to reflect the associated, seasonally varying, influence on simulated precipitation statistics. The weather generator is based on a first-order, two-state Markov chain to simulate the occurrence of daily precipitation and a gamma distribution to compute the nonzero daily precipitation amounts. Therefore, it has four parameters that are, in turn, allowed to vary daily following an autoregressive linear model in Gaussian space that simulates the parameters' deviations from their climatological seasonal cycle. This model is forced by the independently predicted evolution of a climate index and captures how the model parameters and, therefore, precipitation are gradually shifted by the associated climate signal. In this case, the Niño-3.4 index is used to account for the influence of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon on precipitation in Uruguay. However, the methodology is general and could be readily transferable to indices of other climate modes or downscaling algorithms for seasonal climate prediction. The results show that the proposed methodology successfully captures the ENSO signal on precipitation, including its seasonality. In doing so, it greatly reduces the underestimation of the seasonal and interannual precipitation variability, a well-known limitation of standard weather generators termed the "overdispersion" phenomenon. This work opens interesting opportunities for the application of seasonal climate forecasts in several process-based models (e.g., crop, hydrological, electric power system, water resources), which may be used to inform the decision-making and planning processes to manage climate-related risks.


Instability in highly repetitive microsatellite DNA located in the regulatory regions of genes may be a major factor producing diversity in both region‐specific gene expression and the resulting phenotypes. Polymorphisms in promoter regions affecting expression of genes involved in regulating behaviour may play a role in generating individual variation in behaviour, including psychopathologies in humans, and probably are also important for the evolution of behaviour. Here we discuss the prairie vole vasopressin V1a receptor gene as a model that may be useful for understanding the evolution of promoter sequences and the relationship between gene sequence, expression and behavioural phenotype.


The objective of this study was for it to serve as a guide for understanding high density plasma induced damage during wafer fabrication and etchback for device debug, electron-beam, and failure analysis. A study of electrical degradation of packaged and fully processed transistors that were functionally etched back was carried out. Two high density plasma technologies, electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) and inductively coupled plasma (ICP), from various vendors, were evaluated. Transconductance (gm), threshold voltage (Vt), subthreshold slope, and gate leakage (Ig) were measured before and after the functional etch. Degradation took place even without polysilicon being directly exposed to the plasma. It was found that there is a strong correlation between the threshold voltage shift, and gate current shift, and they exhibit a bimodal relationship. The gate edge intensive transistor was most susceptible to degradation. The design of the etchers seemed to be the key factor rather than the choice of technol...


Modern, sustainable agriculture must be technology-based if it is to produce affordable, high-quality food, feed and fiber for all on existing farmland and using available water resources. The role and problems of chemical protection methods in sustainable agriculture are discussed and analyzed in relation to China.A framework and measurements are proposed that reconcile the various elements of sustainable agriculture and chemical crop protection.


This chapter discusses using Internet of Things (IoT) technology in port management and strategies in the scope of digital business transformation. Many businesses around the world have begun to take advantage of digital technology in recent years. Ports are one of the building blocks of the maritime industry, which aims to increase its profitability by digitizing in today's increasingly competitive conditions. In recent years, IoT technology has been used extensively for digitalization in ports. This chapter introduces the current and potential uses of IoT technology in ports and to give an idea about how IoT technology will create an opportunity to develop the ports and to solve problems in ports.


The main bridge of Aizhai Bridge is a single span steel truss girder suspension bridge with a main span of 1 176m.The steel truss girder sections were composed of the main truss,main transverse truss,the upper and lower lateral bracings and the wind resistant stabilizing plates.The steel truss girder was constructed by the scheme of integral segmental fabrication and erection.To verify the accuracy of the construction drawing,the rationality of the manufacturing technique and the precision of the equipment,the trial assembling of the steel truss girder should be done in the workshop.Only single segmental assembly was available due to the limit of the segmental assembling condition at the bridge site.Moreover,the construction schedule was very tight,the high-precision butt joint had to be realized above the land,so the stereo trial assembling scheme was finally chosen in preference to the plane trial assembling scheme.For the stereo trial assembling,the method of single chord assembling was used.Three representative segments were selected and assembled by the sequence of the lower plane,web chords and the upper plane.The stereo trial assembling of the bridge was carried out smoothly,the main controlling items,such as the truss height and length of the trial segments were accepted as qualified.The passing rate of the pin holes was 100%,proving that the manufacturing technique and the trial assembling scheme are rational.


Abstract X-ray structures of five bis(N - R-salicylaldiminato)zinc(II) complexes with R = ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl and 4-thia-n-hexyl were determined. The N2O2 coordination geometry is in all cases quasi-tetrahedral with the dihedral angle between the planes of the two chelate rings ranging from 84 to 89°. Bond lengths and angles in the coordination sphere are not affected by the nature of R or by a methoxy substituent in 4-position of the salicylaldimine. The potentially tridentate ONS ligand N(4-thia-n-hexyl)salicylaldimine is also coordinated only in a bidentate NO fashion.


Ontologies are being used nowadays in many areas, including software engineering, business, and biology, to evaluate their suitability for representing and simulating domain processes. To assist users in developing and maintaining ontologies a number of tools have been developed. The representation of knowledge bases and conceptual domain models, hierarchical process, the structural components that participate in the process and the roles that they play in a complex domain, is therefore a major challenge for computer scientists for this complex domain. Without aiming at exhaustiveness, our study combining ontology and Petri Nets (PNs) tries to identify some promising tracks in this area, which seems a rather interesting alternative in the optics of the expressive power of the deductive representations. The context of our work consists to develop a graphical knowledge model for complex domain. This paper presents the OPN-Ont (Object Petri Nets Ontology) model. In this system ontology is represented in the PNs format, which allows verification of formal properties and qualitative and quantitative simulation. It leads to represent and exploit the different ontological components: concepts, relations and requests. The illustration of our model is made in biological domain where process supports methods for qualitative and quantitative reasoning.


We study the effect of preferences for competition on the compensation of male and female MBAs at graduation and later in their careers. We find a persistent correlation between preferences for competition and compensation but a limited role in explaining the gender gap. At graduation, there is a modest gender gap of 12% that is only partially explained by the gender difference in preferences for competition. Seven years after graduation, the gender gap grows to women earning 38% less than men. Over time, the impact of preferences for competition is mediated by overconfidence: competitive MBAs earn more than others when they are not overconfident but earn less when they are overconfident. While economically important, this interaction does not explain the large gender gap in pay. research by the Templeton Foundation. thank the editor Philip Bond and two anonymous referees for comments that greatly improved the paper. We are also thankful for the comments we received numerous seminars and conferences.


The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of work-life balance practices (e.g. flexible working options, employee assistance program, and leave programs) on employee's job performance in banking sector. This research focusing on employees as respondents from banking sector in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Data were collected from 100 samples by which data were collected through online surveys from selected banks in Klang Valley and were analyzed through statistical software. The Pearson correlation analysis was conducted between independent variables and dependent variable. The result shows to accept the hypothesis that work-life balance practices has positive relationship with employees' job performance in banking sector. This finding could help and promote the management of companies to practice and to provide the work-life balance policies for employees in banking sector.)


Overall level of export fluctuations of the export-oriented countries with rising export volume partly stem from the market failure caused by free choice of export enterprises, some government intervention thus may be necessary. To reduce the level of fluctuations of the export growth rates in these countries, this paper, taking the significant differences of the exports among various markets into account and thus using a new index named relative variance to measure the export volatility risks, proposes a model of merchandise market portfolio, a modified version of Markowitz model, available to provide explicit guidelines for the firms, the industries and even the whole country to optimize the structure of their export markets. An application of this model to the case of China's apple is then discussed. The results show that the market share of China's apple in 7 sub-markets should be redistributed drastically.


The principa 星 heeling errors 昌 re d ・ ae to the in ( iuction by 卩 earth ' s field in soft 量 ron . rod θ and k and to the vertical component of permanent magnetisrr ! bthe ship R , where e is he athwartship colnponent of soft iron pass 三 ng through the . compass . and k the for and aft component . By the Poisson ' s equa ゆ n , the hee1 沁 琴 . errors due to e and h var ア as si / ! l ' 2i when the ship 拾 heeled through ai angle i , but . that due モ o R varies as sihi . By the schematic experiment , we confir エ ned that the ahove relation is ho1 ( 工 Usually the heeling error is represented to v 興 ry as i ' So when i increases , the heeli 且 g errors are Ilot accurately represe 且 ted b ア the latter expression . We discussed abou 七 the errors by the Iatter expreSsioni and find that if the heeling errors ar . e precisely measured the perfect correction of the


Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.), also known as aubergine, eggplant or guinea squash is an economically important vegetable crop widely cultivated in the tropics, subtropics and warm temperate regions (Sihachakr et al., 1994). It belongs to the family Solanaceae with chromosome number 2n=24. Based upon its highest production potential and availability of produce to consumer, it is also termed as poor man's vegetable. It originated from South East Asia (Lester and Hasan 1991). The annual production of brinjal in India was 12,987 thousand MT from an area of 680 thousand ha in the year 2015 (Anonymous, 2015). Brinjal is a herbaceous annual with erect or semi spreading habits. It is perennial plant but cultivated as annual. It is a warm season crop, adapted to a wide range of climatic conditions International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 01 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


Degradation reported from laboratory testing of elastomer sheet materials subjected to chloramines has not correlated to experience in the field for some applications. The effect of chloramines, or any other chemicals, on elastomers in potable water systems is both material‐and‐application specific. The large surface‐area‐to‐mass exposure ratio of, for example, toilet bowl flapper valves, is quite different from the small surface‐area‐to‐mass exposure ratio of ductile‐iron pipe gaskets. To investigate this, side‐by‐side tests of elastomer sheet materials and ductile‐iron pipe push‐on and mechanical joint gaskets exposed to 110 mg/L total chloramine solution were conducted. The push‐on and mechanical joint gaskets were tested in assembled joints. The tests, done over 364 days, revealed that although the majority of the elastomer sheet materials experienced significant visual degradation and large changes in mass, volume, and hardness, the ductile‐iron pipe push‐on and mechanical joint gaskets showed no visual degradation and only slight detectable chlorine penetration.


Synthesis of furanoxanthones carrying phenyl substituents in the 2' and 3'-positions has been undertaken on the basis of the appreciable antifertility activity associated with 2',3'-diphenylbenzofurans. 1,3-dihydroxy-, 1,3-dihydroxy-6-methyl- and 1,3-dihydroxy-5-methyl-xanthones were condensed separately with benzoin in the presence of polyphosphoric acid at 110 degrees to give the desired 2',3'-diphenylfurano(4',5':3,4)xanthones.


A few days ago, I got a call from my old college friend whom I haven't seen for a very long time. The topic was about all the good old times that we had in the college, but he changed to a moving story when he started talking about his father.


Objective To investigate the prevalence of the cagA, cagE and cagT, representative genes of cag pathogenicity island (PAI) in H. pylori strains isolated from patients with various gastroduodenal diseases in Shanghai and the relationship between the presence of these genes and gastroduodenal diseases. Methods 99 H. pylori strains isolated from 17 chronic superficial gastritis, 21 chronic atrophic gastritis, 19 gastric ulcer, 23 duodenal ulcer and 19 gastric cancer were studied for the prevalence of cagA, cagE and cagT genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results The total prevalences of cagA, cagE and cagT genes were 84.8%, 99.0% and 84.8%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of all genes tested in H. pylori isolated from different gastroduodenal diseases (all P0.05). Of 98 cagE positive isolates, 14(14.3%) were cagA negative. Conclusion Most of the H. pylori isolates in Shanghai region may have intact cag PAI. cagE, could be taken as the marker for the presence of cag PAI. There is no correlation between the integrality of cag PAI and the clinical outcome of H. pylori of infection.


Mathematics applied to finance: derivatives - a scientific revolution of the seventies, F. Diener why heavy tails in financial series? estimations and tests, M. Pontier portfolio optimization in finance - an introduction, N. Bellamy. Geometry: cohomology of sheaves, B. Fantechi the McKay correspondence - a bridge from algebra to geometry, Y. Ito total positivity, flag varieties and quantum cohomology, K. Rietsch Calabi-Yau manifolds and mirror symmetry, X. de la Ossa. EMS lectures on convex polytopes: volumes and number of integral points in convex rational polytopes, M. Vergne. Mathematics outside the classroom - cultural differences: raising public awareness in mathematics - the WMY2000 experience, M. Chaleyat-Maurel popularization of mathematics - local and not so local perspective, F.M. Bruckler. Socio-political dimension of gender inequality: women and science in Europe and in France, C. Hermann focus on Italian activities in women and science, R.M. Spitaleri mathematicians' careers - analysis of a questionnaire, I. Kersten and E. Mezzetti. Short communications: Hankel operators on generalized Bergman-Hardy spaces, B. Rehberg Math-Kit - a multimedia project for learning and teaching mathematics, S. Schiller and L. Unger. (Part contents.)


Reward-based crowdfunding has emerged in recent years as an interesting channel business that can leverage to obtain new financial resources outside the traditional ones. In this study, we explore how the creators of a reward-based crowdfunding campaign have engaged the crowd to create value and co-create knowledge to reduce both financial and market risks. Accordingly, we analyze the case study of the Kickstarter Campaign for Pathfinder Arena, a board game created by Giochi Uniti, an Italian Gaming Company. Through the lens of the social identity theory, we show that backers can generate the feedback processes needed to improve the product, when they want to belong in a community and when they want to interact with the creators. This research could have important implications for both researchers and future creators of reward-based crowdfunding projects, showing them the way to implement some instrument for involving the crowd to generate value.


Fire in the establishment falling under SEVESO Directive III is one of the most recurring accident scenarios both at a European level and in the Czech Republic. Runoff of firewater can cause a major accident leading to serious danger to the environment, especially to water environment. Although the Directive pays attention to the possibility of dangerous substance release in case of fires, still there are no united requirements for firewater treatment in European Union. This leads to unpreparedness of SEVESO chemical plants to a major fire, where large quantities of firewater require sufficient containment system and next liquidation. Implementation of effective safety containment system situated near the facility and verified by emergency training seems to be the best preventive approach. Lessons learned from past accidents clearly demonstrate negative effect of firewater to the environment. Approximately 80% of them reported in major accident database (eMARS) have occurred near watercourses (eMARS, 2018). Firewater may contain dissolved dangerous chemical substances and particulate materials from combustion processes or foams depending on the facility and nearby surroundings. Also standard tests of toxicity show their high ecotoxicological hazard, e.g. the acute toxicity tests with marine luminous bacteria Vibrio Fischeri (Sikorova et al., 2017b).This paper is focused on analysis of firewater runoff in selected SEVESO chemical plant. First, risk sources with direct impact to the environment were identified. Next accident scenarios were determined. Contaminated firewater runoff was evaluated from different facilities affected by a major fire to endangered aquatic environment. The spread was considered via process sewerage system, rainwater sewerage system and own wastewater treatment plant to nearby watercourse. For estimation of consequences to the environment a calculation with H&V Index methodology was used. This methodology is highly recommended for the purposes of risk analysis according to SEVESO Directive III in the Czech Republic (Danihelka et al, 2006). In conclusion, effective safety measures for environmental impact reduction were proposed.


This article is the second part of a series of three articles a bout compatible systems of symplectic Galois representations and applications to the inv erse Galois problem. This part is concerned with symplectic Galois representations having a huge residual image, by which we mean that a symplectic group of full dimension over the prime field is contained up to conjugation. We prove a classification result on those sub groups of a general symplectic group over a finite field that contain a nontrivial transvection. Tr anslating this group theoretic result into the language of symplectic representations whose image contains a nontrivial transvection, these fall into three very simply describable classes: the reduci ble ones, the induced ones and those with huge image. Using the idea of an (n,p)-group of Khare, Larsen and Savin we give simple conditions under which a symplectic Galois representation with coefficients in a finite field has a huge image. Finally, we combine this classification result w ith the main result of the first part to obtain a strenghtened application to the inverse Galois pro blem. MSC (2010): 11F80 (Galois representations); 20G14 (Linear algebraic groups over finite fields), 12F12 (Inverse Galois theory).


The need of integration between bathymetric data and vertical ashore information is increasing. From this perspective, several solutions are presented for the adoption of a Global Vertical Reference, stable enough to overcome the problems arising from the spatial and temporal variation of the Chart data. The advent of GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems)  technology has directly contributed to this effect, showing an improvement in the accuracy of their position solutions, thus opening the possibility for vertical control of hydrographic surveys by using high precision GPS methods. Following this global trend, a test application of the tidal reduction through GPS was performed for the first time in Brazil, in Guanabara Bay (RJ). This work discusses the main advantages of GPS for vertical control, such as the elimination of errors arising from the vertical dynamic changes of draft and heave effect, and its application in survey, in accordance with the  international quality, and the possibility of removing ashore tide gauges during conventional surveys.


The absence of the scavenger receptor A (SR-A)-I/II has produced variable effects on atherosclerosis in different murine models. Therefore, we examined whether SR-AI/II deficiency affected atherogenesis in C57BL/6 mice, an inbred strain known to be susceptible to diet-induced atherosclerotic lesion formation, and whether the deletion of macrophage SR-AI/II expression would modulate lesion growth in C57BL/6 mice and LDL receptor (LDLR) 2/2 mice. SR-AI/II–deficient (SR-AI/II) female and male mice on the C57BL/6 background were challenged with a butterfat diet for 30 weeks. No differences were detected in plasma lipids between SR-AI/II 2/2 and SR-AI/II mice, whereas both female and male SR-AI/II 2/2 mice had a tremendous reduction (81% to 86%) in lesion area of the proximal aorta compared with SR-AI/II 1/1 mice. Next, to analyze the effect of macrophage-specific SR-AI/II deficiency in atherogenesis, female C57BL/6 mice were lethally irradiated, transplanted with SR-AI/II 2/2 or SR-AI/II fetal liver cells, and challenged with the butterfat diet for 16 weeks. In a separate experiment, male LDLR 2/2 mice were reconstituted with SR-AI/II 2/2 or SR-AI/II fetal liver cells and challenged with a Western diet for 10 weeks. No significant differences in plasma lipids and lipoprotein profiles were noted between the control and experimental groups in either experiment. SR-AI/II 3C57BL/6 mice, however, had a 60% reduction in lesion area of the proximal aorta compared with SR-AI/II 3C57BL/6 mice. A similar level of reduction (60%) in lesion area was noted in the proximal aorta and the entire aorta en face of SR-AI/II 3LDLR mice compared with SR-AI/II 3LDLR mice. These results demonstrate in vivo that SR-AI/II expression has no impact on plasma lipid levels and that macrophage SR-AI/II contributes significantly to atherosclerotic lesion formation. (Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol . 2000;20:2593-2599.)


Abstract We see the current generation of area detector diffractometers as the heralds of a crystallographic revival, launching the renewal and revitalisation of the subject. Coupling these machines to appropriate software will enable chemists to undertake some of their own analyses, releasing structure analysts and crystallographers from the burden of routine tasks. Their skills can then be turned to the innumerable unsolved problems that can be called 'crystallographic' in the widest sense. CRYSTALS is a software suite that offers help and support to beginners, and still retains a rich wealth of crystallographic functionality.


Six electronic technologies under development for the Mars Technology Program are discussed. The scope of this set ranges from electronic packaging to microprocessors to power supply to communication technologies. An overview (motivation, objective, approach) of these six projects is presented, along with a comparison to the state-of-art. The overarching goal is to develop and mature these technologies to a point where the Mars Exploration Program can consider their use in a specific flight mission.


An algorithm is presented for automatically generating the simplified dynamics equations of mechanical manipulators using a digital computer. The joint position dependent coefficients of these equations are simplified separately. A decomposition scheme is used for efficiently extracting the significant basis functions for each dynamic coefficient. The significance of each joint variable is tested one by one, then those of combined ones. The minimax approximation is done for constructing the objective dynamic coefficient using the extracted basis functions. FORTRAN programs are written to implement the algorithm. Some experiments are done for the Stanford arm.


Abstract Opinions split when it comes to the significance and thus the weighting of indel characters as phylogenetic markers. This paper attempts to test the phylogenetic information content of indels and nucleotide substitutions by proposing an a priori weighting system of non-protein-coding genes. Theoretically, the system rests on a weighting scheme which is based on a falsificationist approach to cladistic inference. It provides insertions, deletions and nucleotide substitutions weights according to their specific number of identical classes of potential falsifiers, resulting in the following system: nucleotide substitutions weight = 3, deletions of n nucleotides weight = (2 n –1), and insertions of n nucleotides weight = (5 n –1). This weighting system and the utility of indels as phylogenetic markers are tested against a suitable data set of 18S rDNA sequences of Diptera and Strepsiptera taxa together with other Metazoa species. The indels support the same clades as the nucleotide substitution data, and the application of the weighting system increases the corresponding consistency indices of the differentially weighted character types. As a consequence, applying the weighting system seems to be reasonable, and indels appear to be good phylogenetic markers.


Giving updates on research efforts in our industry is an activity which provides a view of the future. While valuable, this is best when put in perspective to where we are now, and where we have been. In 1976, fresh from my graduate program in Minnesota with Professor E.F. Graham, I entered the artificial insemination (AI) industry at Minnesota Valley Breeders Association (MVBA) in New Prague, MN. The Cryobiology Lab at Minnesota, representing the quality and depth seen at many US universities at that time, well prepared groups of new graduate students, many of whom found their way into Andrology and AI.


Ensuring a proper operation of the engines over their lifetime is an important air safety aspect. Even though the recent engines are highly reliable the number of accidents due to an incorrect crew response following an Engine malfunction has remained constant for many years. This prompted this study and it reveals that flight crews are not always able to identify and understand engine malfunctions precisely which leads to needless engine shutdowns, incidents and accidents. The scope of this Book is to provide basic guidelines to identify Engine failures/malfunctions and to give operational recommendations in case of Engine malfunction. It can be accomplished using SOM maps by Clustering the various engine parameters based on the parametric variations influenced by the faults,SOM maps are generated and they are stored as the failure template. In addition to their traditional tool based quantitative inspection of some measured variables to detect any deviation from the normal behavior making it possible to anticipate possible faults. By proper detection of the faults suitable malfunction response will be displayed to the crew for their assistance enhancing reliability and safety.


Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have been intensively studied for white-light lighting since their luminous efficacy exceeds 50 lm/W. Currently, the luminous efficacy of an LED light tube/bulb is almost above 100 lm/W. LED solid-state lighting (SSL) has unequivocally become the major light source in general lighting. The fact of high efficiency and other advantages of LED SSL is enough to penetrate all lighting scenarios. However, what people demand from new-generation lighting is not only in energy efficiency but also in lighting quality. Thus, how to make the lighting more user friendly is one of the important issues, and, here, optics is the key point. For making a collection with the discussions of the novel optical design in enhancing lighting efficiency in a more uniform illumination pattern, in higher sharpness for special lighting, in a higher signal-to-noise ratio for communication, in more functions for new applications, etc., this Special Issue of "Advanced LED Solid-State Lighting Optics" focuses on advanced applications in all aspects.


How do we imagine the future of events industry since the COVID-19 crisis? This is the challenge that Denzil Rankine and Marco Giberti tackle in their book Reinventing Live: The Always-On Future of Events (2021). These two professionnals' call for hybrid event formats is illustrated through a reflective posture and rich case studies.


Using the ..pi..d interaction as an example, the total cross section is calculated without making use of the wave functions of the final state. The energy dependence of the cross section is found and the convergence of the method is discussed.


It is necessary to consider the uncertainty of spatial data and fuzziness of relative conception when discussing the description of spatial relation and reasoning because of the complexity of direction relation induced by the fuzziness of direction concept and inherent uncertainty of spatial data. Two fuzzy models are introduced based on classical fuzzy set. In 4-directions fuzzy model the space is divided into four cardinal directions and each direction has equal angle, but each main cardinal direc-tion has 60° and each secondary cardinal direction has 30° in 8-directions fuzzy asymmetric model. Extended 8-directions fuzzy asymmetric model is introduced based on interval type-2 fuzzy sets which takes the positioning error of reference point into ac-count. The primary membership function and the uncertainty of primary membership grade is discussed too. The difference be-tween this model and the cone-based model is comparatively analyzed. Two cases are provided in the last. The first case is used to analysis the attributes of 8-directions fuzzy asymmetric model and the second case shows the process of determining the direction relation between point with positioning error and polygon.


Currently, genome-wide association studies have been proved to be a powerful approach to identify risk loci. However, the molecular regulatory mechanisms of complex diseases are still not clearly understood. It is therefore important to consider the interplay between genetic factors and biological networks in elucidating the mechanisms of complex disease pathogenesis. In this paper, we first conducted a genome-wide association analysis by using the SNP genotype data and phenotype data provided by Genetic Analysis Workshop 17, in order to filter significant SNPs associated with the diseases. Second, we conducted a bioinformatics analysis of gene-phenotype association matrix to identify gene modules (biclusters). Third, we performed a KEGG enrichment test of genes involved in biclusters to find evidence to support their functional consensus. This method can be used for better understanding complex diseases.


The invention discloses a novel papermaking black liquor treatment method and a system. The method includes adding an industrial waste acid into papermaking black liquor sewage to perform an acid eduction processing, after the acid eduction, generating numerous lignin flocs in the sewage, separating the lignin flocs through step by step filtering of a filter tank, feeding a filter liquor after the flocs are separated into a coagulation flotation device, adding chemicals into the device under the pneumatic stirring condition to perform a coagulation, depositing to form flocs, adjusting the potential of hydrogen (pH) value of the sewage which is subjected to the coagulation flotation, and then enabling the sewage to enter into a biochemical system to be subjected to a biochemical treatment. According to the novel papermaking black liquor treatment method and the system, a novel pre-treatment technology is utilized, a lignin acid eduction process is modified, a stable and efficient operation can be achieved, a method of treatment of wastes with processes of wastes against one another is utilized, the treatment cost is lowered, lignin of industrial chemicals can be extracted from the discharged flocs, the resource recovery utilization of a papermaking black liquor can be achieved, the sustainable development of economy can be facilitated, numerous pollutants can be removed in a front-end pretreatment, the follow-up biochemical treatment pressure can be greatly reduced, and thereby the entire process can stably and efficiently operate.


This study was carried out to assessment yoghourt produced by camel's milk and cow's milk, From September to November (2014),Camel milk was collected from camel research center University of Khartoum ( Shambat),and cows milk are collected from animal production dairy farm college of agriculture studies, Sudan University of science and Technology (Shambat). Fresh camel and cows milk were analyzed and increased their total solids to 15% by skimmed powder milk to improve the coagulation characteristic and divided to 5 treatments pure camel milk portion and pure cow milk portion as a controls and camel milk mixed with cow milk by 75% , 50% and 25% respectively. After pasteurization at 85 for 30 min. Inoculation and incubation at 43 for 3h cow milk yoghurt and 4h for the mixed milk yoghurt between camel and cow milk 75% and 50% cow milk and 6h the camel milk yoghurt and 75%camel milk yoghurt, the physiochemical properties of yoghurt were analysis and pH , acidity analysis after incubation , 24h and after 10 days and panel taste was done. The results showed significant differences between camel and cow milk at (p≤ 0.05) in protein, SNF, and density But there were no significant differences (p≥0.05) in moisture, fat, ash, lactose, total soil (TS), Ph, acidity, Ca and phosphorus. Protein and SNF in cow milk were higher than that found in camel milk, while the density of camel milk is higher in comparison to the density of cow milk. The treatments effect of pure and mixture of camel and cow milk yoghurt on physiochemical characteristics result in highly significant differences at (p≤0.05). Pure cow milk yoghurt has higher percentage of protein, fat, lactose, SNF, Ph, Calcium and phosphorus. While Pure camel milk yoghurt showed high moisture, ash and acidity percentages,75% cow milk +25% camel milk yoghurt has superiority in protein ,fat ,lactose ,T.S and S.N.f percentages after pure cow milk yoghurt, followed by 50%cow milk +50% camel milk yoghurt .The effect of storage period for camel and cow milk yoghurt was highly significant on Ph acidity. The high value of Ph was observed after incubation followed by after 24hr then after 10 days while the acidity is higher after 10 days of storage followed by after 24 hr then after incubation. The sensory evaluation of pure and mixed camel and cow milk yoghurt treatments were appeared high significant (p≤0.05) on taste, flavor, smell, texture, and overall acceptability, but had no significant differences ( p≥0.05) recorded on the color. The best value for taste, flavor, smell, texture and overall acceptability were obtained by yoghurt made from pure cow milk followed by the 25% camel milk +75%cow milk yoghurt treatment then 50% camel milk + 50% cow milk yoghurt ,then 75% camel milk + 25%cow milk yoghurt and the last one was the pure camel milk yoghurt treatment.


An interesting feature of many of the misconceptions in physics is that they occur worldwide and seem to be independent of culture and learning environment. Moreover, misconceptions are resistant to change and may prevail up to university level. It seems reasonable to deduce from these features that a common underlying mechanism may explain the formation and persistence of misconceptions. The information processing model explains how all knowledge are formed, stored and retrieved in the mind of the learners. One may thus be able to understand and tread learners' misconceptions in terms of how learning takes place. The formation of some misconceptions may even be prevented before they are formed. The study discusses possible causes of misconceptions in the framework of information processing and the constructivist theory of learning as well as possible remedial actions on the basis of conceptual refinement and the variation theory. Examples from mechanics are used to illustrate proposed implementations.


Background. Mild perioperative hypothermia, which is common during major surgery, may promote surgical-wound infection by triggering thermoregulatory vasoconstriction, which decreases subcutaneous oxygen tension. Reduced levels of oxygen in tissue impair oxidative killing by neutrophils and decrease the strength of the healing wound by reducing the deposition of collagen. Hypothermia also directly impairs immune function. We tested the hypothesis that hypothermia both increases susceptibility to surgical-wound infection and lengthens hospitalization. Methods. Two hundred patients undergoing colorectal surgery were randomly assigned to routine intraoperative thermal care (the hypothermia group) or additional warming (the normothermia group). The patients' anesthetic care was standardized, and they were all given cefamandole and metronidazole. In a double-blind protocol, their wounds were evaluated daily until discharge from the hospital and in the clinic after two weeks; wounds containing culture-positive pus were considered infected. The patients' surgeons remained unaware of the patients' group assignments. Results. The mean ( SD) final intraoperative core temperature was 34.7 0.6 C in the hypothermia group and 36.6 0.5 ° C in the normothermia group (P 0.001). Surgical-wound infections were found in 18 of 96 patients assigned to hypothermia (19 percent) but in only 6 of 104 patients assigned to normothermia (6 percent, P 0.009). The sutures were removed one day later in the patients assigned to hypothermia than in those assigned to normothermia (P 0.002), and the duration of hospitalization was prolonged by 2.6 days (approximately 20 percent) in the hypothermia group (P 0.01). Conclusions. Hypothermia itself may delay healing and predispose patients to wound infections. Maintaining normothermia intraoperatively is likely to decrease the incidence of infectious complications in patients undergoing colorectal resection and to shorten their hospitalizations. (N Engl J Med 1996;334:1209-15.) From the Thermoregulation Research Laboratory and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco (A.K., D.I.S.); and the Departments of Anesthesiology and General Intensive Care, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.K., D.I.S., R.L.). Address reprint requests to Dr. Sessler at the Department of Anesthesia, 374 Parnassus Ave., 3rd Fl., University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0648. Supported in part by grants (GM49670 and GM27345) from the National Institutes of Health, by the Joseph Drown and Max Kade Foundations, and by Augustine Medical, Inc. The authors do not consult for, accept honorariums from, or own stock or stock options in any company whose products are related to the subject of this research. Presented in part at the International Symposium on the Pharmacology of Thermoregulation, Giessen, Germany, August 17–22, 1994, and at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, Atlanta, October 21–25, 1995. *The study investigators are listed in the Appendix. W OUND infections are common and serious complications of anesthesia and surgery. A wound infection can prolong hospitalization by 5 to 20 days and substantially increase medical costs. 1,2 In patients undergoing colon surgery, the risk of such an infection ranges from 3 to 22 percent, depending on such factors as the length of surgery and underlying medical problems. 3 Mild perioperative hypothermia (approximately 2 ° C below the normal core body temperature) is common in colon surgery. 4 It results from anesthetic-induced impairment of thermoregulation, 5,6 exposure to cold, and altered distribution of body heat. 7 Although it is rarely desired, intraoperative hypothermia is usual because few patients are actively warmed. 8 Hypothermia may increase patients' susceptibility to perioperative wound infections by causing vasoconstriction and impaired immunity. The presence of sufficient intraoperative hypothermia triggers thermoregulatory vasoconstriction, 9 and postoperative vasoconstriction is universal in patients with hypothermia. 10 Vasoconstriction decreases the partial pressure of oxygen in tissues, which lowers resistance to infection in animals 11,12 and humans (unpublished data). There is decreased microbial killing, partly because the production of oxygen and nitroso free radicals is oxygen-dependent in the range of the partial pressures of oxygen in wounds. 13,14 Mild core hypothermia can also directly impair immune functions, such as the chemotaxis and phagocytosis of granulocytes, the motility of macrophages, and the production of antibody. 15,16 Mild hypothermia, by decreasing the availability of tissue oxygen, impairs oxidative killing by neutrophils. And mild hypothermia during anesthesia lowers resistance to inoculations with Escherichia coli 17 and Staphylococcus aureus 18 in guinea pigs. Vasoconstriction-induced tissue hypoxia may decrease the strength of the healing wound independently of its ability to reduce resistance to infection. The formation  1996, Massachusetts Medical Society. The New England Journal of Medicine Downloaded from nejm.org on August 11, 2011. For personal use only. No other uses without permission. Copyright © 1996 Massachusetts Medical Society. All rights reserved. 1210 THE NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE May 9, 1996 of scar requires the hydroxylation of abundant proline and lysine residues to form the cross-links between strands of collagen that give healing wounds their tensile strength. 19 The hydroxylases that catalyze this reaction are dependent on oxygen tension, 20 making collagen deposition proportional to the partial pressure of arterial oxygen in animals 21 and to oxygen tension in wound tissue in humans. 22 Although safe and inexpensive methods of warming are available, 8 perioperative hypothermia remains common. 23 Accordingly, we tested the hypothesis that mild core hypothermia increases both the incidence of surgical-wound infection and the length of hospitalization in patients undergoing colorectal surgery.


The purpose of this final research report was to determine the influence of multimedia technology on the learning of children with special abilities of the Educational Institution "A New Dawn". During the investigation surveys were applied to the authorities, teachers and representatives of the students, the tabulation obtained from the surveys determined that most of the respondents considered the use of this new didactic resource favorable, since it allows to improve the cognitive development of the students. students.

Multimedia technology as a teaching resource is an aid to the teaching-learning process. Since then, the interaction of several elements among which we have the teacher, the transmission of knowledge, teaching material, pedagogical methods and the final learning by students have been of special importance.

Chapter I contains the causes and effects of the problem, the justification, the proposed objectives and variables.

Chapter II includes the theoretical framework, the conceptualization of variables and the hypothesis to be verified.

Chapter III refers to the methods and techniques of surveys to the subject under investigation, the conclusion and recommendation that leads to the verification of the hypothesis that was raised.

Chapter IV details the proposal for the solution of the problematic fact, the justification and the objectives that are expected to be achieved and the development of the proposal.


Measures of Alienation from Work Process in Academic Libraries in the Information Age Zorian M. Sasyk, M.A. Sociology. Minnesota State University, Mankato. 2017. 66 pp. This thesis examines how alienation from work process, or work alienation, varies among work area specializations in academic libraries. Rooted in Marxist theory, the study utilizes the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire mapped to specific measures of alienation as a survey tool to measure the relative alienation of library workers at Master's level universities in the United States. Data collected is analyzed utilizing descriptive statistics, including cross-tabulations. Findings of the study indicate that there is some variation in work alienation among library work classifications and work areas, with higher alienation found for paraprofessionals, administrators, and library workers in multiple areas or roles. The conclusion discusses possible explanations for the results from the sociological and library science occupational literature, including role ambiguity, role overload, and job autonomy.


With the ever-growing need for fast and high performance applications, developing software that possesses these properties requires taking the full advantage of the hardware specifics on the target architecture. On the other hand, developing large and complex software systems requires abstraction and generalization. Lightweight modular staging (LMS) fills this gap by providing a framework for building domainspecific languages (DSLs) with zero-cost abstraction. While the modular approach in LMS provides multiple backends for code generation, it lacks a complete support to address the specific instruction sets on different CPUs. In this work, we extend LMS by introducing single instruction, multiple data (SIMD) instructions to the framework. With the presence of multiple instruction set architectures (ISAs), each containing hundreds or thousands of instructions, implementing them by hand would be cumbersome and error-prone process. Instead, we propose a systematic approach to automatically generate the support for SIMD instructions by given specification. Our approach addresses the modular aspect of LMS, implementing each instruction as part of an ISA-specific extensible DSL. Furthermore, we aim at providing an intuitive interface to access the SIMD instructions, and demonstrate their usage and extensibility by building another layer of abstraction that consists of a subset of Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms (BLAS). Our implementation is often orders of magnitudes faster than its corresponding Java Virtual Machine (JVM) equivalent, and is directly accessible in the ecosystem of other LMS-based DSLs.


The objectives for design, build, finance, and operate (DBFO) road service projects in the United Kingdom are: minimization of public sector financial contributions; fostering of private sector road operating industry development; promotion of financial, commercial, technical, and operational innovation; transferring appropriate risk levels to the private sector; and ensuring there is safe project design, maintenance, and operation that maximizes road user benefits. DBFO projects are part of the United Kingdom's Private Finance Initiative, which fosters public-private partnerships in various industries. DBFO policy and philosophy, the procurement process, the importance placed on value for money, shadow tolls, availability payments, active management payments, and linking objects to payment are discussed. A box highlights the A13 Thames Gateway.


Falls are a commonly recognized geriatric syndrome in the Asia-Pacific region,1 and frail older adults have an especially high incidence of falls worldwide.2 It is estimated that one-third of community-dwelling older adults aged ≥65 years fall every year, and serious injuries result from 10% of falls.3,4 Consequently, the sequelae of fracture and reduction in health-related quality of life are serious among frail older adults.3,5 Additionally, economic concern is also serious; about 7.1 billion US dollars is spent annually on medical and long-term care costs in Japan.6 Based on this social background, many studies have identified risk factors for falls in older adults.7,8 The etiology of a fall is usually multifactorial, resulting from the interaction between intrinsic (i.e., postural control, muscle strength, joint disease) and extrinsic (i.e., walking surface, high or narrow steps) risk factors.9 It is believed that failure to appropriately change intrinsic human factors to adapt to extrinsic environmental factors may lead to a slip or trip, and eventually, a fall.10 Therefore, various exercise programs have been developed to improve the intrinsic factors associated with falls, and most of the intrinsic MS#AMN 07220


Several studies show that reading readiness is one of the factors that have to be considered in developing the reading ability of the students.  It is a process of preparing a child for reading, encouraging the child to read and engaging that child in reading. In other words, it is a state of development, which prepares the child mentally, physically, and social-emotionally for reading experiences.  This study specifically sought to determine the reading readiness, brain intelligence, interest and motivation of the elementary learners and find out if those variables significantly predict the reading levels of the two groups of students, those under inclusion and exclusion of reading speed. 168 fourth grader learners in the Division of Zamboanga City, Philippines had voluntarily participated in this research. The researcher utilized the  Philippine Informal Reading Inventory (Phil-IRI) to answer  the research question. Research protocols were also observed and followed in this study, Clearance for Ethics Implementation was sought, before the actual data gathering procedure. Data revealed that reading readiness, brain intelligence, interest and motivation of the pupils do not significantly contribute to the Reading Level of Pupils in the Inclusion Group.


PURPOSE
To evaluate the usefulness of intraoperative radiofrequency thermoablation of liver tumours in association or not with hepatic resection.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
21 patients were treated between January 1998 and December 2001, there were 4 hepatocellular carcinoma and 17 metastasis. In 13 cases radiofrequency was associated to hepatectomy, in 3 cases to resection of extraepatic disease and in 5 cases were performed alone. 23 lesions were treated by radiofrequency (range 1-3); the mean dimension was 26 millimetres (range 8-70). A clamping of the liver pedicle was always done.

RESULTS
There were no operative deaths, 3 (14.3%) patients developed complications related to radiofrequency (2 biliary leakages, 1 hepatic abscess). 14 (66.7%) patients were alive after a mean follow up of 14.5 months, 2 of all (9.5%) had a recurrence in the site previously treated with thermoablation. Association between hepatectomy and radiofrequency increased the number of curative liver resections from 10.1% to 16.3% (in case of colorectal metastasis).

DISCUSSION
Intraoperative radiofrequency is useful to increase the number of curative hepatectomies, to treat liver masses which demonstrate unresectable or found by ultrasonography at the operating time and even to reach tumours difficult to manage by percutaneous approach. In any case the aim is to obtain the absence of macroscopic neoplastic disease (RO status). It is a safe and effective therapeutic strategy, anyway all procedures and indications are still not completely cleared.

CONCLUSIONS
Intraoperative thermoablation of liver tumour is safe and effective and increases therapeutic the number of curative hepatectomies. Further progresses may improve the efficacy and extend the indications of this strategy.


Provided are a dilute copper alloy material which is high in production rate, conductivity, and soften temperature, and excellent in surface quality and a method of manufacturing dilute copper alloy member excellent in characteristics of resistance to hydrogen embrittlement. The dilute copper alloy material used in an environment with presence of hydrogen includes pure copper including an inevitable impurity, more than 2 mass ppm of oxygen, and an additive element selected from the group consisting of Mg, Zr, Nb, Ca, V, Fe, Al, Si, Ni, Mn, Ti and Cr, the additive element being capable of forming an oxide in combination with the oxygen.


To improve the current situation of power consumption,the design and implementation of the energy monitoring system based on the embedded technology are proposed.The system is used for monitoring and managing the electrical appliances with the digital power meters and the solar grid tie inverters in the modem factory or house,and it is of practical value.Firstly,the functional requirements are analyzed.Then the whole design procedures are illuminated by the architecture of the hardware and the flow of the software,including the principle chart for the embedded core board and the expanded board,the realization of Modbus protocol and graphical user interface,file storage and statistic by multithreading,the states of solar grid tie inverter and so on.By repeated testing,the design system above keeps the steady running on the conditions of connecting the external equipments and supplying power long-time.


Deciding whether to replace an item now or later, still remains a dilemma to owners and manufacturers of equipment. A lot of researchers have made efforts to determine the optimum time of replacement through various models. Replacement theory is confronted with the problem of replacement of men, equipment and machines due to deterioration, decreased efficiency, failure or breakdown. This paper uses the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) for its data analysis. The data generated for this study were presented in tables and this helped simplified the arrangement of the data in sequential order for easier analysis and interpretation. The table shows the running cost per year and resale prices of the automobile (Toyota). The result clearly shows that the average total cost (ATC) is minimum at the 6th year-hence the need for replacement and suggests the need to look at mathematical approaches in tackling problems of preventive maintenance.


The results of the studies of the influence of the number and placement of the extruder barrel plasticating grooves, in relation to the hopper and the direction of the screw rotation as well as in relation each to other, on the values characterizing the process of autothermal extrusion of low density polyethylene (PE-LD) were presented. A single-screw extruder of the screw diameter 25 mm and L/D = 18, operating autothermally, was used and screw rotation frequency was fixed. A grooved sleeve with four longitudinal plasticating grooves, placed symmetrically on the circumference, was fixed in the barrel. Their depths could be changed continuously and independently making possible to reach the required configuration of the number (from 0 to 4) and placement of the activated grooves (Table 1). The appropriate direct and indirect resulting factors, variable, constant or disturbing were accepted. The dependence of the following factors: polymer flow rate (Fig. 2), energy efficiency of the extruder (Fig. 3) and plasticating system (Fig. 4), unit energy consumption taken by the extruder (Fig. 5) and plasticating system (Fig. 6) on the number and placement of the activated grooves was found. It was found that these factors, in agreement with the assumptions done, significantly influenced the course of the process investigated. The placement of the activated grooves (not their number) in relation to the hopper and each to other appeared to be of crucial importance.


A RESERCH PROJECT PRESENTED TO
THE DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL AND TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION. ,
FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, MINNA, NIGER STATE.
IN PARTIAL FUFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY (B.Tech), IN INDUSTRIAL TECHNICAL
EDUCATION.


: In recent years vοter participatοry behaviοr has reached wοrrying levels wοrldwide, thrοugh the variοus generatiοns οf electiοns, declining vοter participatiοn, especially amοng the yοuth, has steadily and increasingly becοme a majοr issue οf cοncern that has been equally affecting emerging demοcracy and cοnsοlidated οnes. The paper interrοgates vοters Behaviοur and the Nigerian Electοral prοcesses with fοcus οn the cause οf lοw turnοut during electiοns and the rοle οf INEC, pοlitical parties and pοlitical elites as it affects vοters' behaviοur. The paper adοpted the Behaviοral theοry as the theοretical framewοrk οf analysis. The paper utilized the survey methοd οf data cοllectiοn fοr analysis hence; it relied οn the primary sοurces οf data. Data οbtained were analyses using inferential statistics οf x 2 . Frοm the findings, it was οbserved that there is decline in vοter's participatiοn. This was adduce tο the fact that there is cοnsistent failure οf pοlitical parties and elites tο


The results of an experimental program to generate dynamic mechanical properties data for an unreacted porous explosive material are discussed and the data presented. Stress-particle velocity Hugoniot data were experimentally determined for 5-cyanotetrazolatopentaamine-cobalt(III) perchlorate (CP) using flat plate impact techniques. The CP samples were fabricated to the desired bulk sample density and size using a pressing technique. Samples with nominal densities of 1.47 and 1.66 g/cm/sup 3/ were investigated. The Hugoniot data for both sample densities showed essentially the same compaction behavior at stress levels above 5 kbar. The stress-time data showed major stress increases following impact, indicating initiation of a lower order chemical reaction. A constant high amplitude stress plateau was achieved after impact in a number of the experiments. These data provide both shock initiation and reaction rate information for CP.


On February 15, 2015, the Federal Aviation Administration proposed to allow routine use of certain small, non-recreational Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in today's aviation system [1]. Thus in the near future, we may see UAVs such as Amazon Prime Air [2] and Google Project Wing vehicles [3] sharing the airspace. In order to manage this UAV traffic, we may imagine a scenario in which each UAV periodically sends measurements such as its position and velocity wirelessly to a remote control center, which then estimates the vehicle's trajectory, for collision avoidance for example. The communications link between the UAV and the control center could be subject to Man-In-The-Middle (MITM) attacks in which a malicious agent spoofs the information being sent and/or received (Channel 1 in Figure 1) [4]. Similar attack scenarios could arise in UAV formation: for formation control, individual UAVs receive information from other UAVs wirelessly in order to estimate other vehicles' positions (Channel 2 in Figure 1). Maintaining security of UAVs under such cyber attacks is an important and challenging task, since these attacks can be erratic and thus difficult to model. Secure estimation problems study how to estimate the true system states when measurements are corrupted and/or control inputs are compromised by attackers. We focus on secure estimation and control of systems under sensor attack, because this type of attack is relatively easy to perform and thus particularly interesting. Take UAVs for example: actuators are installed onboard with hardwired local feedback loops, which are unlikely to be corrupted by adversarial attacks. Communications with external sources, on the other hand, are much more vulnerable. This includes GPS position measurements and communications between a UAV and a remote control center for UAV traffic management. We do not assume the attack signal to follow any model, in addition, the set of attacked measurements/nodes is allowed to change from time to time. We propose a computationally efficient secure estimator for this problem, and prove the maximum number of attacked nodes that can be corrected by the estimator. Our results show that sensor fusion can be used to increase the number of correctable attacked nodes as well as improving estimation accuracy. Focusing on linear state and measurement feedback, we show that the feedback controller can be designed to achieve a desired trade-off between control and secure estimation performance. Finally, we propose to combine the secure estimator with a Kalman Filter (KF) to improve its practical performance, and demonstrate its effectiveness using two examples of UAVs under adversarial


The exact solution of the one-dimensional super-symmetric t–J model under generic integrable boundary conditions is obtained via the Bethe ansatz methods. With the coordinate Bethe ansatz, the corresponding R-matrix and K-matrices are derived for the second eigenvalue problem associated with spin degrees of freedom. It is found that the second eigenvalue problem can be transformed into that of the transfer matrix of the inhomogeneous XXX spin chain, which allows us to obtain the spectrum of the Hamiltonian and the associated Bethe ansatz equations by the off-diagonal Bethe ansatz method.


In the present work, the effect of brazing parameters on the properties of the brazed joint of pure titanium and 304 stainless steel (304SS) was investigated. Three different Ag–Cu filler metals were used, while the temperature and time of brazing were in the range of 800–950°C and 5–45 minutes, respectively. The microstructural observations show that, depending on the brazing conditions, different intermetallic phases such as CuTi2, CuTi, Cu3Ti4, and FeTi were formed at the phases interface. Based on the microstructural observations, a model was developed to characterize the formation of phases at the interfaces and brazed joint. The results show that, while some phases may form during the brazing process, the others can form during the cooling cycle after brazing. The results of the mechanical tests indicate that the microstructure of joint has a considerable effect on the shear strength of the brazed samples. It was observed that, when brittle intermetallic phases are finely dispersed at the interface, the strength was lower comparing to the conditions under which the intermetallic phases had a coarse dispersion in the brazed joint.


Edith Whetnall's contributions to the treatment and education of deaf children, carried out at the 'Deafness Aid Clinic' in the Golden Square branch of the Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, London, have been described in extenso (Whetnall& Fry 1964). A somewhat briefer recounting of the work was published six years later, after her death, in a book edited by R B Niven (Whetnall & Fry 1970). I propose to summarize what appear to me to be the general principles worked out by Edith Whetnall and her collaborator in linguistics and phonetics, Dennis Fry, and to relate them to developments in theory that have intervened in these 30 years since she first began working with deaf children. Her work was in the tradition of Itard in the early nineteenth century, Urbantschitsch in the late nineteenth century, and more recently ofM A Goldstein (1939), the founder of the Central Institute for the Deaf in St Louis, where the tradition is still alive in the Parent-Infant Program under Dr Audrey Simmons-Martin. Furthermore, the tradition has more broadly influenced later school programmes for deaf children in many parts of the world. Even though many of the principles have not been as widely accepted as Edith Whetnall would have liked, she did not stand alone. The early 1950s saw several developments along similar lines in the Netherlands by Huizing (1959) and in somewhat more extreme forms in the United States by Ciwa Griffiths (1967) and by Doreen Pollack (1970). Edith Whetnall's 'auditory approach' began with her observations of a group of deaf children who appeared to have developed spontaneous speech. She sought to know what characteristics those children shared that permitted them to develop speech with good voice quality, in contrast to that larger number of deaf children whose subsequent assignment to special schools left them less effective as talkers, and in many cases dependent on alternative means of communication with no speech at all. There appeared to be three factors that these children had in common: first, a very early detection of their hearing impairment; second, a parental attitude that combined acceptance with an aggressive determination to do something about it; and third, almost constant provision of acoustic stimulation, most often with amplification, and accompanied with speech communication principally on the part of the mother. In what follows, I would like to enumerate what appear to me to be the essential principles of Whetnall's approach, to indicate what empirical and theoretical support for those principles has appeared since, and to describe briefly the current status of their application.


Featured Application: This study could be useful when comparing the balance of standard and instrumented walking (e.g., elderly, prosthesis, exoskeleton) on uneven terrains. Moreover, it can be helpful in the field of motion generation of humanoid robotics. Abstract: While multiple criteria to quantify gait instability exist, some limitations hinder their computation during realistic walking conditions. A descriptor, computed as the distance between the center of mass of the body and the minimal moment axis (∆ , has been proposed recently. This present study aims at characterizing the behavior of the mentioned descriptor in a population at a higher risk of falls. Five individuals with transfemoral amputation and 14 healthy individuals were involved in an experiment composed of motion capture and force plates acquisition during overground walking at a self-selected speed. For both groups of participants, the profile of ∆ was analyzed and descriptive parameters were calculated. The plot of ∆ was different between groups and different relative to the leading limb considered (prosthetic or contralateral). All descriptive parameters calculated, except one, were statistically different between groups. As a conclusion, amputees seem to be able to limit the average of ∆ in spite of a different evolution pattern. This is consistent with the ability of the subjects to maintain their dynamic balance. However, the extracted parameters showed the significant asymmetry of the gait profile between prosthetic and contralateral stances and highlighted the potential sources of imbalance.


OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the mechanical effects of sloping the load screw on the axial compression with a dynamic plate. METHODS: Artificial parts simulating shaft fragments were fixated with a 4.5 mm, 7 orifice DCP® plate. A load cell recorded axial compression loads in the space between fragments. Eccentric perforation guides with inclinations to the longitudinal and transversal plan of the plate were made for the experiment. Compression was measured in two different sites of the virtual fracture focus. Eight different groups were formed according to the magnitude of inclination and its direction based on the plate orifice. Mechanical assays recorded maximum load and effective maximum load. RESULTS: Screw inclination contrary to the plate orifice sliding slope was related to decreased mean values of maximum compression load and maximum effective compression load 0o > 10oi (p 20oi (p 25oi (p < 0,001). CONCLUSION: In an experimental model, using non pre-stressed DCP® plates, the inclination upon inserting load screws brought about changes in the mean values of axial compression load. There significant differences (p < 0,05) to lower axial compression obtained in the cortical adjacent to the plate when the screws were inserted in inclination with the longitudinal plane in the opposite direction of the sliding slope of the DCP® orifice.


SYNOPSIS In developing countries situated in tropical climates, the majority of the heat transmitted to the internal environment is received by the roof. In these countries it is common to construct roofs from thin sheet materials. This paper examines, theoretically and practically, the concept of providing a false ceiling panel beneath the single roof sheet to form a hollow, ventilated roof structure to reduce the ingress of solar heat gain. It concludes that a hollow roof structure does appear to have certain thermal advantages over a plain sheet roofing structure, bringing about a reduction in thermal flux of between 25% and 30%.


OBJECTIVE To develop a high performance liquid chromatography method for determination of free PEG in PEG-rhIFN-β-1a injection. METHODS Phenomenex Jupiter C4 column was used with a mobile phase of gradient elution(A phase-0.1% trifluoroacetic acid-water; B phase: 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid-acetonitrile), gradient elution. The flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1, and column temperature was 25 ℃. Evaporation light detector(ELSD), drift tube temperature was 113.0 ℃, and carrier gas flow rate of 3.1 L·min-1. RESULTS PEG concentration in the range of 0.6-2.0 μg·mL-1 showed good linearity, correlation coefficient was 0.998 4, detection limit was 0.20 μg, quantitation limit was 0.40 μg, the RSD of precision, stability and reproducibility were all 2.0%. The average recovery was from 96% to 100%. CONCLUSION Using this method, the free PEG in PEG-rhIFN-β-1a injection is determined by this method and the free PEG is 1.0%.


KOPANO RATELE addresses academics on why they should step out onto the streets. He looks at the fragmentation between the lives lived on urban streets and life as taught in lecture halls


According to the internal structure of a photovoltaic cell of the photovoltaic cells of the Matlab established model and analyze photovoltaic cell output characteristics under different conditions.For traditional photovoltaic maximum power point tracking(MPPT) algorithm tracking speed and stability contradiction presents a constant voltage with a variable step incremental conductance method.The algorithm has a tracking speed of work and stability advantages.By Matlab simulation show that the algorithm can significantly improve the speed and stability of the MPPT tracking.


Introduction During a study of the fungal diversity on bamboo in Hong Kong, a new Submersisphaeria species on dead culms of Arundinaria hindsii, from Mt. Lung Fu Shan Country Park, Hong Kong was collected and identified. Hyde (1996) established a monotypic genus, Submersisphaeria, which is typified by S. aquatica K.D. Hyde. Characteristics salient to Submersisphaeria include immersed or erumpent ascomata, short pedicellate asci with a massive, refractive apical ring, and brown, bicellular ascospores with granular contents and a single central septum which is slightly constricted (Hyde, 1996). In the specimens from Mt. Lung Fu Shan, apart from the long pedicellate asci and unicellular ascospores, all other characters are consistent with those in Submersisphaeria. It is, therefore, necessary to extend the generic concept of Submersisphaeria, and a new species, S. bambusicola is introduced to accommodate the specimen.


By using Matlab/Simulink to build a photovoltaic array mathematical model,the defects of traditional MPPT method were analyzed.And according to the problems of slow tracking speed and misjudgment existing in traditional incremental conductance method,the effects of temperature and light intensity on the output characteristic of photovoltaic array were researched.Based on which a new improved conductivity increment method was put forward,and the core of the algorithm was optimized,then the maximum power tracking was realized using S-function.Simulation results prove that the improved method can be more rapid and accurate in maximum power tracking.


This chapter contains sections titled: The Members, Genesis of the Club, The Way Forward, Club Meetings, Themes, Interdisciplinarity, The Legacy of the Club, Acknowledgments, References


An investigation was conducted to examine the erosion behavior of uncoated and coated polymer matrix composite (PMC) specimens subjected to solid particle impingement using air jets. The PMCs were carbon-Kevlar (DuPont, Wilmington, DE) fiber-epoxy resin composites with a temperature capability up to 393 K (248 F). Tungsten carbide-cobalt (WC-Co) was the primary topcoat constituent. Bondcoats were applied to the PMC substrates to improve coating adhesion; then, erosion testing was performed at the University of Cincinnati. All erosion tests were conducted with Arizona road-dust (ARD), impinging at angles of 20 and 90 on both uncoated and two-layer coated PMCs at a velocity of 229 m/s and at a temperature of 366 K (200 F). ARD contains primarily 10-m aluminum oxide powders. Vertically scanning interference microscopy (noncontact, optical profilometry) was used to evaluate surface characteristics, such as erosion wear volume loss and depth, surface topography, and surface roughness. The results indicate that noncontact, optical interferometry can be used to make an accurate determination of the erosion wear volume loss of PMCs with multilayered structures while preserving the specimens. The two-layered (WC-Co topcoat and metal bondcoat) coatings on PMCs remarkably reduced the erosion volume loss by a factor of approximately 10. The tenfold increase in erosion resistance will contribute to longer PMC component lives, lower air friction, reduced related breakdowns, decreased maintenance costs, and increased PMC reliability. The decrease in the surface roughness of the coated vanes will lead to lower air friction and will subsequently reduce energy consumption. Eventually, the coatings could lead to overall economic savings.


OBJECTIVE To study the prokinetic mechanisms of pericarpium arecae. METHODS All 48 Wistar rats were randomly divided into pericarpium arecae group and control group. They were given pericarpium arecae decoction or distilled water. After 1, 6 and 12 hours respectively, the gastric emptying changes of rats were assayed by Dextran blue-2000 being as a indicator;contents of motilin(MTL), substance P (SP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in plasma, antrum tissue were detected with radioimmunoassay. RESULTS At 1 and 6 hours af ter pericarpium arecae decoction was given, the gastric emptying of rats was markedly enhanced (P<0.01orP<0.05)and the contents of MTL, SP increased signifi cantly (P<0.01orP<0.05), the contents of VIP decreased significantly(P<0.01orP<0.05)in plasma and antrum tissue, the above changes were more obvious at 1 hour than at 6 hour's. The gastric emptying and the contents of MTL, SP and VIP in plasma and antrum tissue of rats hadn′t markedly changes at 12 hours after pericarpium arecae decoction was given. CONCLUSION The gastric emptying promoting effects of pericarpium arecae may be corelated to the increased contents of MTL, SP and the decreased contents of VIP in plasma and antrum tissue.


The newborn education is the entire college education beginning,plays is maturing the development "the guidance" the role,simultaneously is also strengthens and improves the university student Ideological and political education the important carrier and the method. Between the instructor is the relation general students and the campus (is) leads the bridge,will be responsible for general aspect and so on student's study,life work,instructor's work can achieve the arriving or not to general aspects and so on student's study,life,psychology to have the influence directly,specially will be big a new student is so. This article mentions from the university newborn education's present situation,the analysis newborn education existence's question and the reason,and in the explicit thought and under the direction instruction,proposed the university instructors develop in the nowadays university under situation in newborn education reform and innovation suggestion.


sections, such as identity and family, proved to be more difficult. It felt odd to pick a concrete goal for such complex and layered parts of who I am. As a result the goals I decided on were long term and very general such as continuing to learn about my Indigenous identity. I did not feel that the goals were meaningful because they were mostly things that I was already doing and did not provide guidance on how I could best achieve these goals. The identity section was one of the hardest dimensions to discuss in my plan of care. This reflects previous research finding that the identity section of plans of care are often narrow and indistinct, in part due to time constraints and the difficulty in discussing such a complex category that intersects with all the other dimensions of the child (Thomas & Holland, 2009; Representative for Children and Youth, 2013). My co-worker asked an excellent open-ended question that provided me the space to discuss anything I wanted in relation to identity, and I found myself thinking firstly about my journey towards learning about my Indigenous identity. I then discussed some of my family background to provide context for this journey. I also related my identity to my hobbies and what I am most proud of. I do not feel that the plan of care itself aligned with my Indigenous background; however the questions that my co-worker asked and the information I chose to share brought my Indigenous background into view in the plan of care document. This reflects K. M.'s and Matthew's assertions that it is up to the worker to bring Indigenous culture into the plan of care. The literature reveals that Indigenous culture is lacking in plans of care for Indigenous young people (Long & Sephton, 2011; Representative for Children and Youth, 2013). Child welfare workers need support from their agencies to effectively MSW Thesis – B. Madigan – McMaster School of Social Work 55 integrate Indigenous culture into plans of care. This is challenge due to high caseloads and the difficulty in a worker representing a child's culture in a document, especially if the worker and child do not share the same cultural background (Harms et al., 2011; Representative for Children and Youth, 2013). Overall, it did not feel natural to think of my life as existing in different compartments. It felt like trying to fit the wrong pieces into a puzzle. The pieces that were discussed in the various compartments were all interrelated and it seemed ineffective to have them separated into different silos. If I were to write my own plan of care, it would involve a longer narrative that incorporates all the sections of the plan of care, however in a more flexible and flowing fashion. In fact, my plan of care would likely take the form of a story, instead of a compartmentalized document. This aligns with narrative and Indigenous ways of knowing and sharing information. It is also important to consider the language that is used in the document. The language that we use in documentation reflects our biases, assumptions, and values. When working with young people this is an especially important piece to consider as the language we use reflects how the young people are represented in documentation and thus perceived by those who read the document (Gharabaghi, 2008). Considering the language that is used in the plan of care can begin with examining the name of the document itself. What does "plan of care" mean? Does it mean caring about the young person or caring for the young person? Or can it be both? The discussions I had with the young people and key informant have lead me to believe that the plan of care does not adequately reflect how the worker cares about the young person and instead focuses on how the young person is cared for. This certainly does not mean that the workers do not care about the youth; in my personal experiences I have seen workers go above and beyond for young people in care while showing compassion, dedication, commitment, and a genuine concern for the young person's wellbeing. However the plan of care document leaves out these pieces and focuses more MSW Thesis – B. Madigan – McMaster School of Social Work 56 on the tasks that the worker has done to provide care for the young person. Perhaps the plan of care document can be re-conceptualized to focus more on caring about our young people; this may open the door to a more individualized and meaningful document that reflects the relationship between the young person and the worker. So what needs to change? On a micro level, child welfare workers can take the initiative to involve their young people in their plans of care more often and in ways that are meaningful to the young person. Since the documentation is not going away any time soon, it is important for social workers to think critically about the documentation and how to place the power back in the hands of the young people (Garrett, 1999). However, this is easier said than done when workloads are high and workers are pressured more on meeting deadlines than ensuring that the contents of the documentation are meaningful. In addition, the structure of the electronic plan of care, which is required to be completed by the worker separate from the young person makes participation of young people even more difficult (Thomas & Holland, 2009; McLeod, 2007). Studies have shown that young people are not often involved in their plans of care, and their voice is represented by their social worker instead of themselves, thus reinforcing the power of the social worker (Aubrey & Dahl, 2006; Jones & Kruk, 2005; Munro, 2001; Office of the Provincial Advocate for Children and Youth, 2012; Representative for Children and Youth in British Columbia, 2013; Roose et al., 2009; Winter, 2010). It is likely that this is a result of the worker's time constraints rather than an intentional disregard for the voices of the young people. Structural supports need to be put in place to allow the social worker to go beyond simply asking for the young person's input in the plan of care; young people may answer the worker's questions but not necessarily be engaged in the plan of care document (Gharabaghi, 2008). Full participation means starting from where the young person is at and being flexible to make the system work for the young person. The plan of care should be driven by the child instead of the worker. MSW Thesis – B. Madigan – McMaster School of Social Work 57 Anna shared her idea about young people completing their own plans of care when they are capable and willing to do so. Matthew felt empowered by his involvement in his plan of care by writing out his thoughts and having his exact words included in the document. Clearly, both Anna and Matthew value participation in their plan of care document. Greater participation shifts some of the power back into the hands of the young person and may provide opportunities for the young person's individuality to take precedence over dates and measurable outcomes. This need is reflected by other young people who have experienced the child welfare system; the call for greater support and participation is loud and clear (Office of the Provincial Advocate for Children and Youth, 2012). Reconceptualize and decolonize How would we begin to reconceptualise how we approach plans of care? I previously discussed how the two-row wampum informs my approach to research as I balance my travels in both the canoe and the ship. Perhaps the same concept can be applied to the plan of care which would mean that Indigenous and non-Indigenous approaches are able to travel in their own vessels. Unfortunately history has shown that the value of non-interference was not shared with the colonizers, to say the least. The two worlds have since become so entwined and so much damage has been done that it may never be possible for the two worlds to travel in their own vessels down their own pathways. However the two row wampum can still inform the interactions between the Western world and Indigenous communities, including how we approach the plan of care for Indigenous young people. Indigenous values and culture must be equally respected in the plan of care, in ways that are meaningful for the young person. The plan of care is a colonized document that reflects Eurocentric values and ways of knowing a person. This is demonstrated through the focus on objective, measurable pieces of a MSW Thesis – B. Madigan – McMaster School of Social Work 58 young person's life and the division of a person into 7 distinct dimensions. In Indigenous ways of knowing, a person is known in a more holistic, balanced way. The medicine wheel, for example, considers a person's emotional, mental, spiritual and physical health. If one piece of the medicine is out of balance, the individual is not balanced (Montour, 2000). The plan of care does not fit well into the structure of the medicine wheel, as the plan of care is separated into different compartments and is standardized for every child in care. As K. M. discussed, workers need to make the document work for our communities and our clients, since the document reflects Western perspectives and ways of knowing. Matthew also noted the need for Indigenous teams and training for staff regarding Indigenous history and culture which is reflected in the literature as well (Long &Sephton, 2011). However it should be noted that cultural competency training is not sufficient in teaching Indigenous approaches; Indigenous worldviews and principles cannot be learned in a few training sessions (Hart, 2003). Still, it is important for social workers of all backgrounds to educate themselves about Indigenous communities in Canada and acknowledge the trauma and oppression that has occurred. This is something that individual workers can initiate to better their understanding of Indigenous culture. While each worker has the agency to make changes on an individual level to educate themselves and promote pa


The aim of this report has been to find a model suitable for the Swedish industry when assessing fire frequencies in industrial facilities. The report also contains a guide to the selection of initial fires, and the evaluation of the fire scenarios resulting from those fires, when fire risk assessments in industrial facilities is being done. A summary of data concerning the reliability of sprinklers and fire alarms is also presented.


In this paper, we introduce the notions of interval-valued fuzzy prime (resp. strongly prime and semiprime) bi-ideals of a semigroup. By using these ideas we characterize those semigroups for which each interval-valued fuzzy bi-ideal is semiprime and strongly prime.


Results Out of 384 samples, the overall prevalence of small hive beetle, Nosema apis, and amoeba (Malpighamoeba mellificae) diseases was 39%, 45.3%, and 40.3%, respectively. The overall prevalence of these three diseases was ascertained, with a statistically significant (p < 0.05) variation in the overall prevalence of N. apis disease and amoeba (M. mellificae) disease between hive type and agroecologies. Conclusion The research indicates that N. apis, M. mellificae, and small hive beetle are the major parasites that affect honeybees in the study area. In order to classify and describe honeybee diseases and pests associated with Ethiopia's local honeybees, several field diagnostic surveys and laboratory research works need to be performed.