the Mosul area. By Bas Snelders. (Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta, .) Pp. xi+ incl.  figs and  colour plates. Leuven: Peeters, . E.      JEH () ; doi:./S Having previously been largely neglected, the art of the Middle Eastern Christian communities during the Middle Ages has, over the last dozen or so years, begun to receive proper attention. In part this can be explained by the recent discoveries of new wall paintings in monasteries and churches in Syria, Lebanon and Egypt. The present volume makes a significant contribution to the ongoing discussion of the subject. In what might be termed a companion volume, M. Immerzeel's Identity problems: medieval Christian art in Syria and Lebanon (this JOURNAL lxii [], –), coverage was given to the surviving Christian wall paintings in Lebanon and Syria; Snelders, by contrast, is concerned primarily with Mesopotamia (modern Iraq), although the artefacts and paintings from Dayr al-Surian in Egypt are also included, since this monastery had close connections with locations in Mesopotamia (Tagrit and Mar Mattai Monastery). As the research for both Immerzeel's and Snelders' books was undertaken as part of a larger research project at Leiden University entitled 'The formation of a communal identity among Syrian Orthodox Christians (–)', the question of identity markers features throughout quite prominently, and Snelders's first chapter is entirely devoted to the more theoretical aspects. As both authors, however, discovered in the course of their research, specific identity markers are hard to find in the Christian art under consideration, and one of the most important findings of Snelders's book is that Muslims and Christians in the Mosul area during the twelth and thirteenth centuries in fact shared a common artistic idiom which could only be distinguished as specifically Muslim or Christian in cases where the particular context indicated this. After the initial chapter (aptly entitled 'Context is everything') there is a helpful chapter on the historical and artistic settings of the Syrian Orthodox communities at the time of what has been called the 'Syriac renaissance' of the twelfth/thirteenth centuries. This is followed by detailed studies of evidence from, in turn, Dayr al-Suryan, two famous illuminated Syriac Gospel lectionaries, a recently discovered wall painting in Qaraqosh, the sculptural decoration of the Mar Behnam monastery, and of two parish churches, one in Mosul the other in Qaraqosh. The penultimate chapter, before the conclusions, turns to the significance of the language chose for inscriptions, Greek, Syriac or Arabic, and the dating systems employed. Two appendices are devoted to Mar Behnam, the second of which provides translations of all the extensive ornamental Syriac inscriptions. The book, which provides a stimulating and illuminating discussion of the materials available, is generously and well illustrated. Its finding that there is in fact no specific Syrian Orthodox art for the period covered of course serves as an invitation to extend the study to include what survives of the art of the Church of the East in the same region; it is to be hoped that the author might some time undertake this.


The history of South Africa, like that of any other country, cannot be viewed in isolation. Despite its apparently unique political and economic development, important aspects of South Africa's twentieth-century history must be placed within the context of broader patterns, whether they relate to Africa and the Third World or to western capitalist countries. This paper considers one facet of South Africa's political economy, namely, the development of health and welfare provisions for African workers down to 1948. [l] The paper analyses the extent to which pre-apartheid South Africa followed other countries in creating the foundations of a welfare state for its Afr-ican labour force. The central argument is that, in the face of a range of pressures, the South African state increased the tempo of health and social planning. However, the government's commitment to meaningful provisions was never more than lukewarm. It cynically manipulated the more progressive elements within the State to give the appearance of action and thus contain unrest during World War II. The immediate post-war period saw the government shedding its appearance of commitment to health and welfare legislation. The state had overthrown plans for improving the lot of African workers even before the National Party took power in 1948 under the banner of apartheid.


small firms tend to correspond to the Birmingham model, the current nondiscriminant policy measures to stimulate growing small businesses are ineffectual. The well rehearsed arguments for and against selectivity are carefully presented, the authors coming down in favour of such an approach in an economy with the characteristics of the Birmingham model. The practicalities of administering a selective policy towards small businesses are investigated and lessons are drawn from the operation of the National Development Council in the USA. In sum, the argument is reinforced that although economies with the characteristics of the Birmingham model will not revive on small firm policies a policy of selectivity &dquo;will lead to better return in terms of job generation than the present non-discriminatory policies&dquo; (p237). This is the controversial chapter in the book. Although its arguments are well presented I remain to be convinced that a policy of selectivity is feasible or desirable. Even if high flyers could be identified, the administrative resources to undertake a selective policy would place a heavy burdenon the state and it is u nlikely to be adopted in an era of rolling back the frontiers of the state. Moreover, the issue of selectivity may be opposed on the political grounds that the functions of government should be to support all new and small firms rather than already established high flyers. In summary, this book breaks no methodological or theoretical barriers but provides a useful synthesis of contemporary research in small businesses. It reflects the state of our knowledge and although much research has been undertaken, a lot remains to be done if we are to fully understand the causes and implications of a shift towards small firms.


Hyalostemma Wall. is treated as congeneric synonym of Miliusa Leschault. ex A. DC. and H. roxburghiana Wall., as also M. roxburghiana Hook. f. & Thoms. are established as nom. illeg. for Uvaria dioica Roxb. Considering Guatteria globosa DC. (1831) and U. dioica Roxb. (1832) as conspecific, M. globosa (DC.), comb. nov. based on G. globosa DC. is proposed to replace M. roxburghiana Hook. f. & Thoms., nom. illeg.


Context— Research participants' informed consent is integral to the protection of human subjects; studies exploring the enhancement of standard informed consent processes have had mixed success in increasing patients' understanding of complex research protocols. Objective— To determine the effect of a "study map," a flow diagram of a research protocol, on research participants' understanding of research purpose and procedures. Design— This study was an experimental posttest-only design using 30 research participants enrolling in a study of decision making and recovery among living kidney donors. Participants were randomly assigned to the standard care group (verbal description with consent documents) or the experimental group (standard of care plus study map). An instrument measured perceived and objective understanding, and the differences between groups were determined by an independent t test. Discussion— The high level of comprehension in the control group made detecting improvements in understanding difficult. Objective knowledge and perceived understanding were positively related, suggesting the importance of periodically confirming comprehension with research participants during the informed consent process. Future research should examine the effect of study maps in patients with lower educational levels. Results— Knowledge levels were high in all participants (mean objective =3.7 on a 5-point scale, SD= 1.02; mean subjective =9.3 on a 10-point scale, SD= 1.29). There was a significant relationship between objective knowledge and perceived understanding (r = 0.56, P = .001); however, the study map itself had no significant effect on objective or perceived understanding.


An immune system is a protective mechanism that shields plants from environmental stresses. This primary function is to maintain optimal circumstances for the growth and development of plant tissues while avoiding harm from biotic and abiotic stress factors. Plants subjected to various stressors initiate stress signaling cascades that affect multiple gene expressions and induce adaptation. These signaling pathways are coordinated by transcription factors, non-coding RNAs, RNA-binding proteins, and protein–protein interaction networks. Several studies have focused on various immune systems, but no study has collected all of them together to illustrate them efficiently. According to this review, stress-responsive genes encode ion and water transporters, enzymes, and transcription factors, making plants more resistant to biological and abiotic challenges. Plants have also evolved anti-pathogen defense systems such as regulatory hormone pathways, reactive oxygen species generation, gene expression, programmed cell death, and cell survival. Plants produce short RNAs in response to a viral attack, which silences the offensive genome and creates complex epigenetic regulatory mechanisms such as histone changes, chromatin remodeling, and DNA methylation to protect plants from pathogens. This review provides an in-depth description of proteins, effectors, and pathways included in plant resistance against environmental stresses and offers details on future trends, such as metabolic pathways and genetic engineering, to improve the protection of plants against stress-induced responses.


In this paper, the spectrum of operators commuting with operator algebras of countable range multiplicity is studied. It is shown that if the commutant of a set which does not contain any scalar operator has countable range multiplicity then it has a non trivial invariant subspace. If the range multiplicity of an operator algebra is one then it is shown that the strong and uniform topologies coincide on the commutant of the algebra and also each collection of mutually orthogonal projections in the commutant is finite. In addition, if the operator algebra is self adjoint also then it is shown that the underline Hilbert space has a finite orthogonal decomposition such that each of its components reduces the algebra.


Applying general symmetry properties of electromagnetic interaction, information from electron proton elastic scattering data can be related to charge asymmetry in the annihilation channels $e^++e^-\leftrightarrow \bar p + p$ and to the ratio of the cross section of elastic electron and positron scattering on the proton. A compared analysis of the existing data allows to draw conclusions on the reaction mechanism.


In the paper, a new write channel-insensitive method has been developed to remove ISI in longitudinal magnetic recording via the Hilbert transform. As described in the literature, the longitudinal and transverse magnetic fields (in a two-dimensional approximation) form a Hilbert transform pair.


Pyrolytic tire char was used to prepare activated carbon by steam. The effects of such factors as pretreatment, activation temperature, rate of water vapor and activation time upon the adsorption properties of AC have been investigated. The prepared activated pyrolytic tire char were characterized by N2 physisorption, XRD, FT-IR and elemental analyses. The optimum process parameters and listed as follows: activation temperature 800°C, the rate of water vapor 2g/min, activation time 2h.


This paper summed up the research development of the relation between birth defects and environment abroad and home.Since the birth defects resulting in original environment were severe in China, the paper stated emphatically the survey of Chinese Endemic,pointed out the program in the relation between birth defects and environment,brought up the problem such as stating late ,not catching the reason of birth defects and so on ,suggested the advanced research work.


The invention discloses a portable three-coordinate platform measurement magnetic clamp, which comprises a holding rod and at least two magnet sheets, wherein the magnet sheets are fixed with one end of the holding rod; the surface of each magnet sheet is a smooth plane; after being overlapped, the magnet sheets are fixed with one end of the holding rod; a plastic gasket is also arranged between the adjacent magnet sheets. The portable three-coordinate platform measurement magnetic clamp has the advantages that when the clamp is used for clamping a part, a magnetic force is used for tightly pressing the part; the use is convenient; the moving is flexible; the fixing influence of an original screw nut is eliminated; the stability is high; deformation cannot be easily caused on the part; the measurement precision can be favorably improved; the portable three coordinates can be freely rotated; the work efficiency is improved; the structure of the magnetic clamp is simple; the repair is simple in the use process; the dismounting is convenient.


This article examines how, in a world with incomplete coordination among countries, well-intentioned unilateral environmental policies may actually harm the global environment. This outcome is known as the "Green Paradox." The incentives for free-riding and the challenge of achieving an effective international environmental agreement are reviewed. I examine the various channels that lead to carbon leakage in static models of open economies, and report some simulation results. This is complemented by a review of the potential for Green Paradox outcomes in dynamic open-economy models in which forward-looking firms exploit an exhaustible resource. I show that border tax adjustments can lead to Green Paradox outcomes. I also discuss priorities for future research on environmental policies in a trading world that lacks a central enforcement agency.


BACKGROUND/AIM
To investigate the predictive effect of different symptoms of early acute stress disorder (ASD) on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in traffic accident survivors.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 206 traffic accident survivors were assessed with the Acute Stress Disorder Scale (ASDS) within 2-23 days after accidents, as well as with 17-item PTSD Checklist-Specific Stressor Version (PCL-S) during 4-12 months after accidents. All into the first group of subjects by senior surgeon assessment, based on the clinical, radiological and laboratory examination, excluded traumatic brain injuries and mild brain injury. And then, assessmented by clinical psychological practitioner.

RESULTS
The severity of ASD can significantly predict the severity of PTSD symptoms. ASD reexperience symptoms and avoidance symptoms can significantly predict PTSD reexperience symptoms and avoidance symptoms. ASD hyperarousal symptoms can significantly predict PTSD hyperarousal symptoms.

CONCLUSIONS
ASD and PTSD are common psychological disorders among traffic accident survivors. ASD can predict the symptoms and severity of PTSD.


Married couples in Córdoba City (Argentina) were studied from the census data of 1778, 1795, 1813, 1822, and 1832. Homogamy regarding ethnic group, juridical status, and the title "Don/Doña" was analyzed through contingence coefficients as well as inbreeding and mate preferences among lineages, using the isonymy and repeated pair methods. Class endogamy was revealed in all groups and homogamy was found for various characteristics. The inbreeding was low, but repeated pairs of surnames indicated associated family lines in the Spanish group. A temporal analysis showed that both indicators were higher in times of sociopolitical instability.


To solve the great energy cost and poor efficiency of group key updating in Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Network(HWSN),this paper proposes a group key management scheme based on topological information for HWSN.The scheme takes topological information of nodes to build an αβ key management tree.In the process of generating and updating,the group key management tree must be optimized to decrease energy cost and updating delay.Simulation experiments show that the scheme is an efficient and scalable group key management scheme which is suitable for heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Network(WSN).


The present paper presents some of the recent activity of University of Minho, regarding case studies for Portuguese timber structures in four ancient buildings, including the Cathedral of Porto, a Church in Coimbra and a Church in Braga. NDE is combined with analysis methods aiming at non-invasive strengthening solutions or replacement of the timber structure (only as a last resort). Introduction Masonry and timber are traditional building materials that still face wide application today in modern building industry. Most ancient constructions adopt building systems in timber either for floors or roofs. In particular, the association of a double roofing system with a masonry vault (for fire protection) and timber woof with clay tiles (for water protection) is common in several European monuments. In general, a large number of timber structural systems remain active today in Portugal (even if a significant part of roofs have been replaced in the 20 century by light reinforced concrete slabs), which requires often an assessment of the actual safety conditions and monitoring, together with conservation and remedial measures. In the case of floors, it is also often the case that higher live loads are applied due to a change of use, which requires structural analysis and, if necessary, strengthening. In the present paper, case studies of monuments in Portugal including roof and floor structures are briefly presented. University of Minho has been involved as a consultant in several case studies in the last five years. With the exception of the first case study, in which replacement of the structure resulted from the owner decision and extensive damage, the rest of the case studies have been solved with non-invasive and traditional techniques. Reliquary Room of Santa Cruz, Coimbra The origin of this monastery dates back to 1131. The reliquary room exhibits considerable deformation and cracking of a timber vault, due to deformation of the roof above it, see [1] for details. The dimensions of the room are 12.5 × 15 m in plan, with a four-sloping roof with clay tiles and a timber lathwork vault rendered with stucco, see Figure 1. The roof timber structure is extremely complex as a result of additions and successive attempts to correct the observed damage, see Figure 2a. Damage includes humidity stains and rotten roof sheating (the estimate is that 30% of the sheating needs replacing), see Figure 2b. Several truss elements exhibit excessive deformation, which is leading to cracking and damage of the lathwork vault, see Figure 2c. As a result of the deformation of the truss elements, struts and wedges supported in the timber vault have been added to the structural system. Fileiras Tercas Viga-cinta de betao armado


The procedures for separation of phosphatidylserine(PS)in biological systems are reviewed in this paper.The common methods including solven extraction,thin-layer chromatography separation,column chromatographic separation,high-performance liquid chromatography separation etc.are described and commented.Other seperation methods as well as the physiological function and application prospect of PS are briefly discussed.


In the first part of the study the authors explore two different interpretations of the social pact theory put forward by Thomas Hobbes and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Their vision of the socio-philosophical and political-legal aspects of the order of formation and development of the social pact are invaluable for understanding the formation of the theory of the social pact in the XVII–XVIII centuries. The correlation of the indicated theoretical approaches with the socio-political situation taking place on the territory of the newly formed Russia is an important condition for assessing and predicting the further development of the state as the main executor of the will of its people. The prosperity of the country and the quality of life of its inhabitants is directly related to the legitimacy of the ruler, the ability of this ruler to maintain the attractiveness of the terms of the social pact for all interested parties, as well as to exercise his power both at the macro and micro levels.


Rolling stock safety and speed depend primarily on the state of the railway infrastructure on which they operate.
Railway tracks that are already laid or are under construction determine the safety, speed and weight limit parameters for rolling stock. Rails will deform and erode over a period of time, due to any anomalies during the construction phases, wear and tear from rail traffic, weather or natural disasters.
An Innovative Railway fastener will provide a technical solution that will improve existing railway infrastructure. Simple installation allows the rail to float in all directions, whilst maintaining the exact centre and gauge of the track.
This reduces deterioration of the rail infrastructure and increases useable lifetime. Existing lines can be overhauled with a single new fastener, in an efficient manner. Reducing capital investment costs drastically, whilst improving railway safety.
New Features of our Railway Fastener
Scheduled maintenance of tracks is reduced, thereby increasing volumes of rail traffic. Offering increased safety and a smoother ride for passengers and freight.
Floating rail maintaining a precise profile to suit the rolling stock, environment and other aspects necessary.
Rails are completely insulated from the track installations, which reduces the level of vibration.
Any rail deformities are able to be efficiently and precisely removed
Railway infrastructure will become easier to maintain, as the track lifespan increases.


This paper deals with the estimation of design hourly factor(K) using AADT of national highway roads. Its objective is to estimate optimal K of national highway roads. This study classifies the national highway roads in Korea by the number of lane and level of service, and develops the K estimation models using regression analysis. Optimal models are as followings. (1) Two-lane roads : Exponential model for LOS A and S model for LOS . (2) Four-lane roads: Exponential model for LOS , Power model for LOS C and S model for LOS D. Optimal K for LOS D which is design criteria of national highway road is 0.135() for two-lane roads and 0.090() for four-lane roads. It is smaller than those of KHCM.


With the large-scale access of renewable energy, the randomness, fluctuation and intermittency of renewable energy have great influence on the stable operation of a power system. Energy storage is considered to be an important flexible resource to enhance the flexibility of the power grid, absorb a high proportion of new energy and satisfy the dynamic balance between the supply and demand of a system. At present, the cost of energy storage is still high, and how to achieve the optimal energy storage configuration is the primary problem to be solved. Therefore, the current research progress in energy storage application scenarios, modeling method and optimal configuration strategies on the power generation side, grid side and user side are summarized in this paper. On this basis, the shortcomings that still exist of energy storage configuration research are summarized, and the future research direction for energy storage configuration is prospected. This review can provide reference for the latest development and future research and innovation direction for energy storage configuration.


The ultrastructural changes distal to a constriction in unmyelinated postganglionic sympathetic axons have been studied in the cat splenic and hypogastric nerves at intervals up to 24h after operation. Since the immediate postoperative changes were identical with those found proximal to the lesion it was concluded that they were due to the mechanical effects of tying the ligature. Within a few hours of operation there was an accumulation of organelles immediately distal to the constriction. At all times this was greatest within 0.5 mm of the lesion and only rarely extended beyond the first 1 mm even after 24h. The organelles which accumulated included mitochondria, many of which were swollen, pleomorphic myelin figures, multi-vesicular bodies, agranular vesicles and vacuoles of various sizes. Vesicles with an electron dense core, i.e. granular vesicles did not accumulate distal to the constriction. Further from the constriction focal accumulations of some structures, in particular mitochondria and myelin figures, did occur but they were rare. In this part of the nerve there was generally a diminution in the number of organelles, and a marked alteration in the axonal morphology. Alternating swollen and narrow regions were common, and many axons were very irregular as if 'collapsing'. While filaments and occasionally fine tubules persisted in some of these axons up to 24h after operation, there was a reduction in the endoplasmic reticulum. These findings are compared with those seen proximal to the constriction. Although there were some similarities, the absence of granular vesicles, the decrease in the axonal endoplasmic reticulum and the 'collapse' of the axons due to the decrease in their contents were notable differences. It is suggested that there is a differential movement of axoplasm and organelles distal to the constriction. Thus while granular vesicles and some axoplasm continue to move towards the periphery, mitochondria and a part of the axoplasm migrate proximally to the site of axonal injury and the region of maximal degenerative change. The movement of mitochondria is considered to indicate a reaction to injury rather than supporting the view that retrograde axoplasmic flow occurs in normal axons.


With the high rate of guilty pleas in our justice system, attention needs to be paid to the consequences of these convictions, beyond the sanctions imposed at a sentencing hearing. Namely, the increase in guilty pleas has led to an unprecedented number of United States citizens with restrictions imposed on them that limit their employment, access to housing or government assistance, and to an unprecedented number being deprived of the right to vote. These collateral consequences of convictions, and the disenfranchisement resulting from the loss of the vote, can disrupt an individual's life often to a greater extent than the short imprisonment many convicted felons face. This chapter looks at the effects of collateral consequences and disenfranchisement, how these may play into the decision to accept a plea (and who should be informing defendants about these restrictions), and whether proper consideration of the effect of collateral consequences is possible given how our current system of pleas is structured. Areas for future research are also identified.


With the continuous advancement of global economic integration, the influence of big data on cross-border B2B foreign trade export companies is increasing. Every cross-border B2B foreign trade export company needs to deal with increasingly fierce market competition, and cross-border B2B foreign trade export companies want to gain a competitive advantage, which it is necessary to actively introduce big data technology to innovate the management model of cross-border B2B foreign trade export enterprises. The managers of cross-border B2B foreign trade export enterprises must innovate decision-making concepts in a timely manner, collect and analyze big data, and make them a foreign trade enterprise. Meanwhile we need to pay attention to the introduction of high-quality professional data talents. This article first puts forward the concept and main characteristics of big data, which clarifies the various problems faced by foreign trade export enterprises since entering the era of big data. With the help of supply chain management mode, we need to innovates the management mode of cross-border B2B foreign trade export enterprises and actively applies big data technology and supply Chain management which promotes the healthy development strategy of foreign trade export enterprises and improves the core competitiveness of foreign trade export enterprises.


Higher Vocational Education is new in China. To train the students four models 襭ractical model, skilled model,labor model and adapted model?is the aim of higher vocational education. These provide the new questions to the teachers andask for the teachers to meet the need of educational reform and improve the qualities of the teachers.


The definition of more realistic scenarios of instances for the Project Portfolio Optimization (PPO) of new product developments usually should involve precedence relations that generate effects related to time-interdependence among different projects. The study of time -interdependences, or time effects, on the selection of projects captures our attention because they affect the problem objective functions. Three different moments have been identified as usually present in any project: 1) the estimated completion time; 2) the moment in which the competence become significant; and, 3) the moment in which the developed product becomes old. A PPO under such temporal constraints (denoted PPOTC) could face risk because the lack of reliable data derived from long lead times of projects, or by a complex market and technology dynamics; such imperfect knowledge could cause variability in the benefits and requirements of a PPOTC. In this sense, this research proposes the design of a methodology based on intervals for PPOTC under uncertainty, and the study of their influence in choosing optimal project portfolios of new product developments. The advantage of this approach is a unified and simple way to model the different sources of imprecision, uncertainty and arbitrariness. Also, the model is parametrized such that the attitude of the DM facing the imperfect knowledge can be adjusted by using two meaningful parameters.


and opportunities presented by the socio-political landscape. Th e initiatives that will be undertaken in order to achieve this goal include various outlets for achieving peace and coexistence such as: educational systems, prison systems, human rights training and cooperation, memorial projects and joint collaboration within provincial governments. Th e various aspects of this project and its multidisciplinary nature will help create the conditions for coexistence.


As a new impervious synthetic geotechnical material, PE compound geomembrane has been widely applied to water conservancy construction. Combined with practice experience in construction supervision, the author demonstrated the key issues, from preparation period to construction period, for construction supervision of geomembrane of dam reinforcement project.


A meeting of the Special Subcommittee of the International Cotton Advisory Committee (ICAC) on extra-long staple cotton was convened in Alexandria, Egypt, on September 7, 1959. Delegations were present from the principal extra-long staple cotton-producing countries (the Sudan, the United Arab Republic, and the United States), along with observers from Brazil, Peru, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, and the Food and Agriculture Organization. Mr. Abd El Latif Ezzat, Under-Secretary of State for Cotton Affairs of the Ministry of Economy of the United Arab Republic, was elected chairman, and Mr. Robert B. Evans, executive secretary of ICAC, served as secretary. The meeting adjourned on September 12 after eight sessions. Its agenda was devoted to a consideration of production plans and policies, pricing and export policies, and steps needed to encourage consumption.


Content-analysing 2794 news stories in four national newspapers, the present study examines variables that predicted the coverage of 47 county governors between 2013 and 2017 — the fi rst term of Kenya ' s devolved system of governance. Findings show that variables related to coverage as a " mirror of political reality " are the main predictors of the governors ' visibility in the newspapers news. To be speci fi c, commenting on the topics of devolution and corruption are the strongest predictors, followed by criticizing the national government. County size (an institutional characteristic related to coverage based on news values) is also a predictor, although not as strong as devolution, corruption and criticizing the central government.


To improve the process of diagnosis with improved quality several researches center have focused their research on the development of information systems applying powerful computer-aided diagnosis techniques (CAD). In this context, the creation of databases to images with appropriate structures, capable of store images from different imaging systems with different characteristics and specifications is the first step to develop an efficient CAD system. This work proposes the validation of storage techniques and recovery with a hybrid CBIR method based on 2D medical images. The results of the techniques applied indicate a gain of 41% in image retrieval speed, opening way for the development of more efficient information systems to support diagnosis.


require also phosphorylation on a C-terminal serine residue to achieve maximal transactivation potential (David et al., 1995b; Wen et al., 1995). The N terminus is one Kerri A. Mowen,*§ Jie Tang,† Wei Zhu,* Brandon T. Schurter,* Ke Shuai,† Harvey R. Herschman,† and Michael David*‡ *Division of Biology and UCSD Cancer Center of the best conserved regions among the STAT proteins and has therefore been the target of intense investigaUniversity of California, San Diego Bonner Hall 3138 tion. Deletion of the N terminus has implicated it in the STAT1 dephosphorylation on tyrosine 701 (Shuai et al., 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, California 92093 1996), in the interaction with the transcriptional coactivator CBP (Korzus et al., 1998), and in the regulation of †Department of Biological Chemistry University of California, Los Angeles its nuclear localization (Strehlow and Schindler, 1998). Phosphorylation of the conserved tyrosine and serine Los Angeles, California 90095 residues is the only known posttranslational modification of STAT proteins. Tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1 via the interferon receptor requires the activity Summary of the Janus Kinase (JAK) family of tyrosine kinases (Velazquez et al., 1992; Muller et al., 1993; Watling et Transcriptional induction by interferons requires the al., 1993), whereas serine phosphorylation is thought to tyrosine and serine phosphorylation of STAT tranbe facilitated by members of the MAP kinase family scription factors. The N-terminal region is highly ho(David et al., 1995a). Therefore, it is not surprising that mologous among the STAT proteins and surrounds the intracellular domain of the interferon receptors was a completely conserved arginine residue. Here we found to provide docking sites for proteins known to be demonstrate arginine methylation of STAT1 by the involved in STAT1 phosphorylation events (David et al., protein arginine methyl-transferase PRMT1 as a novel 1995a, 1995b, 1996a, 1996b). Interestingly, a yeast tworequirement for IFNa/b-induced transcription. Methylhybrid screen recently revealed the interaction of the thioadenosine, a methyl-transferase inhibitor that acprotein arginine methyl-transferase PRMT1 with the cumulates in many transformed cells, inhibits STAT1IFNAR1 chain of the IFNa/b receptor (Abramovich et al., mediated IFN responses. This inhibition arises from 1997). PRMT1 was first isolated through its interaction impaired STAT1-DNA binding due to an increased aswith BTG1 and TIS21, two genes associated with cell sociation of the STAT inhibitor PIAS1 with phosphoryquiescence (Lin et al., 1996). Abrogation of PRMT1 exlated STAT1 dimers in the absence of arginine methylpression by antisense technology decreased the antiation. Thus, arginine methylation of STAT1 is an viral and antiproliferative abilities of type I interferons, additional posttranslational modification regulating suggesting a role for PRMT1 in IFNa/b receptor meditranscription factor function, and alteration of arginine ated signaling events. In addition, a recent report demethylation might be responsible for the lack of interscribed the isolation of a novel JAK binding protein 1 feron responsiveness observed in many malignancies. (JBP-1) with arginine methyl-transferase activity (Pollack et al., 1999). Introduction In the present study, we show that PRMT1 associates with STAT1 and methylates STAT1 on Arg-31. MutaSTAT (signal transducers and activators of transcription) tional analysis and the use of the protein methyl-transproteins are a family of latent cytoplasmic transcription ferase inhibitor 59-methyl-thioadenosine (MTA) revealed factors that are activated by a large number of extracelthat methylation of STAT1 is required for transcriptional lular signals such as growth factors or cytokines (Schindactivation. Furthermore, we provide evidence that the ler and Darnell, 1995). Seven mammalian STAT family presence of excess MTA found in certain cancer cells members have been described, and they feature high is sufficient to inhibit the arginine methylation of STAT1, amino acid homology over several distinct regions. consequently impairing interferon-mediated gene inCommon to all STAT proteins is an SH2 domain and a duction and antiproliferation. conserved tyrosine residue whose phosphorylation in response to receptor activation mediates the homoor Results heterodimerization of STAT proteins via phosphotyrosine/SH2 domain interaction (Heim et al., 1995). DimerPRMT1 Associates with and Methylates STAT1 ized STATs can then translocate to the nucleus where The N termini of the mammalian STAT proteins display they bind to conserved enhancer elements and activate high sequence homology and surround a highly contranscription of immediate early response genes. In adserved arginine residue (Arg-31) found in all seven mamdition to tyrosine phosphorylation, STATs 1, 3, and 5 malian STATs (Figure 1A). It was previously shown that mutation of Arg-31 of STAT1, as well as antisense aboli‡ To whom correspondence should be addressed (e-mail: midavid@ tion of the protein arginine methyl-transferase PRMT1, ucsd.edu). result in alterations in the antiproliferative effects of IFNb § Present address: Harvard School of Public Health, Department of (Shuai et al., 1996; Abramovich et al., 1997). We therefore Immunology and Infectious Diseases, FXB Building, Room 205, 651


We analyze the best price clauses (BPCs) of online travel agents (OTAs) using meta-search price data of more than 45,000 hotels in different countries. Although OTAs apparently have not changed their standard commission rates following the partial ban of BPCs in Europe, we find that BPCs do influence the pricing and availability of hotel rooms across online sales channels. In particular, the abolition of Booking.com's narrow BPC is associated with the hotels' direct channel being the price leader more often. Moreover, hotels make rooms more often available at Booking.com when it does not use the narrow BPC.


INTRODUCTION
Alkylating agents are frequently used in the chemotherapy of many types of cancer. This group of drugs mediates cell death by damaging DNA and therefore, understandably, cellular DNA repair mechanisms can influence both their antitumour efficacy and their dose-limiting toxicities.

SOURCES OF DATA
This review focuses on the mechanism of action of the DNA repair protein, O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) and its exploitation in cancer therapy and reviews the current literature.

AREAS OF AGREEMENT
MGMT can provide resistance to alkylating agents by DNA damage reversal. Inhibition of tumour MGMT by pseudosubstrates to overcome tumour resistance is under clinical evaluation. In addition, MGMT overexpression in haematopoietic stem cells has been shown in animal models to protect normal cells against the myelosuppressive effects of chemotherapy: this strategy has also entered clinical trials.

AREAS OF CONTROVERSY
MGMT inhibitors enhance the myelotoxic effect of O(6)-alkylating drugs and therefore reduce the maximum-tolerated dose of these agents. Retroviral vectors used for chemoprotective gene therapy are associated with insertional mutagenesis and leukaemia development.

GROWING POINTS
The results of ongoing preclinical and clinical research involving various aspects of MGMT modulation should provide new prospects for the treatment of glioma, melanoma and other cancer types.

AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH
Tissue- and tumour-specific approaches to the modulation of MGMT together with other DNA repair functions and in combination with immuno- or radiotherapy are promising strategies to improve alkylating agent therapy.


The study of International Relations (IR) is now at a crossroads. Increasingly, IR scholars are seeking the "identity" of this academic subject. For instance, Ba汀y Buzan and Richard Little, famous scholars of the English School, posed the question as to "why IR has failed as an intellectual project and what to do about it."" Here, they. say that despite IR theory has imported various ideas from other academic disciplines, it has not produced something from which others would learn. They instead propose "to marry IR and World History" to reverse this failure so that it can provide a grand view for international system. On the other, ano仇er scholars try to "re-discipline" the subject. One is Chris Brown, a professor of the London School of Economics. And his latest book, Sovereなnty, Rights andJustice, is another manifesto for redefining the IR scholarship. What makes the book especially unique is, as its subtitle shows, Brown proposes "international political theory (IPT)." But what is IPT? According to the author, IPT is an approach dealing with the questions of rights and justice. In other words, they are the issues of political obligation, why and how states should respond to human


COVID-19 spread rapidly around the world in 18 months, with various forms of variants caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV). This has put pressure on the
world community and created an urgent need for understanding its early occurrence through
rapid, simple, cheap, and yet highly accurate diagnosis. The most widely adopted method as of
today is the real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. This test has shown the
potential for rapid testing, but unfortunately, the test is not rapid and, in some cases, displays
false negatives or false positives. The nanomaterials play an important role in creating highly
sensitive systems, and have been thought to significantly improve the performance of the SARSCoV-2 protocols. Several biosensors based on micro-and nano-sensors for SARS-CoV-2 detection have been reported, and they employ multi-dimensional hybrids on sensing surfaces with
devices having different sizes and geometries. Zero-to-three-dimension nanomaterial hybrids on
sensing surfaces, including nanofilm hybrids for SARS-CoV-2 detection, were employed with
unprecedented sensitivity and accuracy. Furthermore, the sensors were nanofluidic and mediated
high-performance SARS-CoV-2 detection. This breakthrough has brought the possibility of
making a biosystem on a chip (Bio-SoC) for rapid, cheap, and point-of-care detection. This review summarises various advancements in nanomaterial-associated nanodevices and metasurface devices for detecting SARS-CoV-2.


This document seeks to establish the status of national water governance based on recent empirical events that somehow set standards of evaluation around social development. Their qualitative method is based on the protocol of the global analysis, which in turn is based on the qualities of this secondary structural information contained in the object of study, and from there come from the particular to the general and give the object a meaning. The results from social, economic, political and environmental capacity, show that while there have been important institutional advances even access and possession of water in Colombia is of problems identifying weak governance, disconnected from reality social and perspective of development and therefore a better quality of individual or collective life, low standards of fairness and solidarity


Acquiring the accurate three-dimensional (3-D) position of a target person around a robot provides valuable information that is applicable to a wide range of robotic tasks, especially for promoting the intelligent manufacturing processes of industries. This paper presents a real-time robotic 3-D human tracking system that combines a monocular camera with an ultrasonic sensor by an extended Kalman filter (EKF). The proposed system consists of three submodules: a monocular camera sensor tracking module, an ultrasonic sensor tracking module, and the multisensor fusion algorithm. An improved visual tracking algorithm is presented to provide 2-D partial location estimation. The algorithm is designed to overcome severe occlusions, scale variation, target missing, and achieve robust redetection. The scale accuracy is further enhanced by the estimated 3-D information. An ultrasonic sensor array is employed to provide the range information from the target person to the robot, and time of flight is used for the 2-D partial location estimation. EKF is adopted to sequentially process multiple, heterogeneous measurements arriving in an asynchronous order from the vision sensor, and the ultrasonic sensor separately. In the experiments, the proposed tracking system is tested in both a simulation platform and actual mobile robot for various indoor and outdoor scenes. The experimental results show the persuasive performance of the 3-D tracking system in terms of both the accuracy and robustness.


Hospital culture is the important content of hospital management, and rearing the outstanding culture is an important research area. The aim of this study is to understand the construction situation of hospital culture current situation and existing issues by questionnaire survey. This result will be the critical evidence for the hospital to set up the development strategy of hospital culture in future.


Wireless charging has become increasingly popular for electric vehicles (EVs) in recent years. However, possible device damage may happen because of the sharp variations of inverter output current and the ZVS angle due to the alignment variation between resonant coils especially while charging. To design a protection strategy, the characters of the inverter output current and phase angle are analyzed when the wireless charging EV leaves. The protection strategy is composed of the insufficient angle protection, overcurrent protection, and the excessive angle protection. A detection circuit is designed to measure the variation of inverter output current and phase angle. A wireless charging EV prototype is established to validate the proposed methods. The experimental results show that the designed detection circuit and protection strategy can catch the abnormal working state of the system when the wireless charged EV leaves and take measures immediately to protect the main circuit of the system from device damages.


We report a rare case of enzyme defect affecting the skeleton. Antenatal scans gave suspicion of skeletal dysplasia (micromelia affecting all four limbs with bone echogenicity). This baby girl was born preterm at 33 weeks of gestation with birth weight of 2.18 kg. She had short proximal limbs, small mandible with excessive subcutaneous tissue and large anterior fontanelle. Skeletal survey showed poorly ossified cranial vault, absence of posterior vertebral elements from L3 caudally including the sacrum, narrow chest with thin wavy ribs and gross metaphyseal rachitic changes in all x-rayed bones. Blood tests revealed low levels of alkaline phosphatise (ALP) (<5 IU) which along with high level of urinary phosphoethanolamine (PEA) confirmed the diagnosis of Hypophosphatasia. She initially required incubator O2 or Continuous Positive Airway Pressure. She became ventilatory dependent from day 5. She also developed seizures treated with phenobarbitone. On day 14, she died of respiratory failure. Hypophosphatasia is a rare metabolic disorder with incidence of 1 in 100 000 births. This is due to low activity of the tissue-nonspecific isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP). Alterations in TNSALP gene lead to rickets or osteomalacia, which characterise this disorder. Clinical presentation widely varies, from death in utero to cases in which pathologic fractures first present only in adulthood. The reported forms include perinatal (lethal), infantile, childhood, adult, odontohypophosphatasia and pseudohypophosphatasia. Our case was a lethal perinatal type. Workup for hypophosphatasia includes performing a skeletal survey (fractures and deficient skeletal mineralisation). This condition is picked up by bone profile which shows low level of ALP in blood and diagnosis further confirmed by high levels of PEA in serum or urine. Life threatening complications include respiratory compromise (due to skeletal deformities) and craniosynostosis which can lead to increased intracranial pressure. Management is mainly supportive. Replacement therapy with recombinant Alkaline Phosphatase is available as a part of research trial in very few centres.


The legal and social attitude towards delicts against individuals in the great settled states of South Arabia is a subject on which information is very scant. All that has survived in the case of homicide is a fragmentary legal prescription of uncertain import, a temple regulation on the subject of slaves, and two incidental communications gleaned from dedicatory inscriptions. To this may be added a general prohibition contained in a late Greek law code purporting to stem from the Homeritae. Moreover, this small corpus of information is geographically limited in the first case to Qatabān, and in the remainder to Saba', while each instance refers to a different stage in the social development of South Arabia.


The relationship between annual variations in the ocean environment and the trends and conditions of the fisheries for Euphausia pacifica in Sanriku(Iwate and Miyagi prefectures) and in Joban(Fukushima and Ibaraki prefectures)waters were examined. The history of the fishery was classified into four time periods. During the first period,a small-scale fishery was conducted along the coastal waters off Miyagi Pref. beginning in the mid-1940's. During the second period,the fishing grounds were extended throughout the Sanriku and Joban waters and the annual total catch increased substantially beginning in the late-1960's. During the third period,the main fishing grounds shifted to the Sanriku waters beginning in the late-1980's. During the fourth period,the total catch has been regulated from the early-1990's. Along the coastal waters of Iwate Pref., the fisheries seem to be independent of the oceanographic conditions in this region and no apparent relationship between the CPUE(catch/ boat/day)and annual variations in the oceanographic conditions was found. Along the coastal waters of Miyagi Pref., however, unfavorable conditions for the fishery are correlated with the northward anomaly of the southern limit of the first branch of the Oyashio Current(FOI). Along the Joban coastal waters, it was suggested that the southernmost extent of the FOI is an important factor in controlling the fishery conditions. Key word: Euphausia pacifica , fishery, Oyashio, CPUE 2002年3月13日受理(Accepted on March 13, 2002) 水産総合研究センター業績 A 第13号(Contribution No.A 13 from Fisheries Research Agency) * 東北区水産研究所 〒985-0001 宮城県塩釜市新浜町3-27-5(Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, 3-27-5 Shinhama, Shiogama, Miyagi 985-0001, Japan)) 水研センター研報, 第3号, 7-26, 平成14年 Bull. Fish. Res. Agen., No. 3, 7-26, 2002 ツノナシオキアミ漁業の変遷及び漁況の特徴について


In this work we revisit the known problem of the lack of well-defined semantics, at the implementation level, for association and aggregation relationships in class diagrams to hypothesize that, in the context of software development, there is a better understanding of the associations between classes when omitting aggregation. We conducted an experimental study in which a questionnaire was applied to 100 subjects, 50 in the test group and 50 in the control group. The obtained responses were analyzed with statistical methods. From our results we conclude that it is not useful, from the point of view of software design, to differentiate between association and aggregation class relationships when a model will be implemented.


Abstract This scientific statement summarizes the current state of knowledge related to interstage home monitoring for infants with shunt‐dependent single ventricle heart disease. Historically, the interstage period has been defined as the time of discharge from the initial palliative procedure to the time of second stage palliation. High mortality rates during the interstage period led to the implementation of in‐home surveillance strategies to detect physiologic changes that may precede hemodynamic decompensation in interstage infants with single ventricle heart disease. Adoption of interstage home monitoring practices has been associated with significantly improved morbidity and mortality. This statement will review in‐hospital readiness for discharge, caregiver support and education, healthcare teams and resources, surveillance strategies and practices, national quality improvement efforts, interstage outcomes, and future areas for research. The statement is directed toward pediatric cardiologists, primary care providers, subspecialists, advanced practice providers, nurses, and those caring for infants undergoing staged surgical palliation for single ventricle heart disease.


Why did Chen Du-xiu leave Shanghai for Guangdong to hold a post in the government on the eve of the Party's birth in the end of 1920? There were several reasons: Chen Jiong-ming's repeated invitation; the Northern Government carried out the policy of arrest and persecution; the Communist International's help was with motive force; Chen Du-xiu's desire for revolution; Li Da-zhao's firm support.


Solutions of complexes of poly(N-ethyl-4-vinylpyridinium) cations and dodecyl sulfate anions in chloroform are studied by viscometry, isothermal diffusion, flow birefringence, and dynamic light scattering techniques. Stoichiometric polyelectrolyte−surfactant complexes as well as nonstoichiometric ones with the compositions 0.55−1.0, expressed as the molar ratio of surfactant ions to the polycation chain units, neither form interchain associations nor dissociate into individual components in dilute solutions in chloroform. A decrease in the complexes' composition, i.e., a substitution of dodecyl anions with bromide anions, results in an increase of diffusion coefficients and a decrease in the intrinsic viscosity and in the absolute value of the negative segmental optical anisotropy of macromolecules of such complexes. Solubility of the studied complexes in low-polarity solvents increases in the order chloroform > chlorobenzene > benzene and decreases with decrease in the composition of complexes. Interchai...


In this phenomenological study, counselor and client participants (N = 14) described the conditions that fostered meaningful therapeutic connections. Among all participants, consistent descriptors appeared that were rigorously synthesized into a detailed depiction of therapeutic contact.


Excessive heat generation and occurrence of partial discharge have been observed in end-turn stress grading (SG) system in form-wound machines under PWM voltage. In this paper, multi-winding stress grading (SG) system is proposed as a method to change resistance of SG per length. Although the maximum field at the edge of stator and CAT are in a trade-off relationship, analytical results suggest that we can suppress field and excessive heat generation at both stator and CAT edges by multi-winding of SG and setting the length of CAT appropriately. This is also experimentally confirmed by measuring potential distribution of model bar-coil and observing partial discharge and temperature rise.


Based on literatures and statistic data,this paper explores bilateral trade development and trade interdependence between China and P.R.Mongolia in positive method.P.R.Mongolia keeps high trade dependence both in plan economy period and economic transition period,and China has attached high trade dependence since 1978 but kept a low position in plan economy period.There are a lot of imbalance and fluctuation risks of bilateral trade between China and P.R.Mongolia while bilateral trade growths quickly,and some bilateral and multilateral agreements should be useful ways to control bilateral trade risks and frictions.


The paper deals with the regularity criterion for the weak solutions to the 3D Boussinesq equations in terms of the partial derivatives in Besov spaces. It is proved that the weak solution $(u,\theta )$ becomes regular provided that
$(\nabla_{h}u,\nabla_{h}\theta )\in L^{\frac{8}{3}}(0,T;\dot{B}_{\infty ,\infty}^{-1}(\mathbb{R}^{3}))$
Our results improve and extend the well-known results by Fang-Qian for the Navier-Stokes equations.


This text corresponds to the partial results of a master dissertation research which objective was to investigate the possibilities and challenges in the teaching and learning process of Geography with practical activities in a school garden. The research was fostered by the observation of the difficulties of Geography teachers in working with students with intellectual disabilities (ID), due to the lack of adequate teaching materials and insufficient teacher training. The study subjects are students with ID, enrolled in the final grades of elementary school in Gama-DF, Brazil. For the respective study we used qualitative research as a methodology. The use of the school garden as a pedagogical teaching resource enabled the promotion of a more meaningful learning, which also contemplated other human skills, interesting for students with ID, by associating the geographical contents applied during the development of practical activities in the school garden, in geography classes. Throughout the research it was noticeable how effective the practical activities in the physical space of the school garden in teaching Geography to students with ID were effective, gave meaning to understanding and reflection of geographical knowledge, and strengthened actions of inclusion in the school space.


SummaryCancer is a genetic programming abnormal condition in which the change in genomic sequence may alter the structure, function and expression of proteins that control essential cellular processes such as growth, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Nutrition and cancer research have analyzed the effects of certain nutrients and bioactive food compounds in the development and progression of various cancers.The aim of this research was to review, in the recent scientific information, the effects or interactions of nutrients and bioactive food compounds in tissue and cells of human cancer under a nutrigenomics approach. We did a search of articles published between January 2011 and October 2012 in the Pubmed database, using MeSH terms and "Text Word" relevant to the research objective. This search yielded 250 publications which 33 were selected.In general, the effects and interactions of the nutrients and bioactive compounds selectively induce death and inhibit the growth and proliferation of cancer cells, however, under certain conditions, such effects and interactions may promote carcinogenesis.


Higher legal education is the foundation of theoretical advantages and focus,humanities,and the spirit of academic,financial training colleges should take advantage of superior legal talent administered by fiance and other various interdisciplinary integration,building science through education and other forms of legal clinics practice teaching system administered by law,and to promote effective teaching model deepening reform implementation administered practice teaching.


Distribution analysis of late Paleozoic fauna and flora shows that Angarida had a sub-arctic climate and that the North Pole was probably situated within the lower part of the modern course of the Lena river. — IGR Staff.


In this paper, a prototype of reconfigurable dualband bandpass filter is proposed. It features independently frequency-controllable quasi-elliptic-type passbands with stopband transmission zeros that can be intrinsically switched on/off. Tunable dual-resonance (i.e., f i and f 2) is introduced in this filter by the half-wavelength (λ/2) folded-resonator with series varactor-loaded open-stub. To verify the operational mechanism above, a tunable dual-band bandpass filter with added passband-switching capability is fabricated and measured. It exhibits frequency-tuning ranges of 38.2% and 33.1% for the dual-band, respectively.


"World wanderers, we have lost a wise elder. Hackers for right, we are one down. Parents all, we have lost a child. Let us weep."


Background Impulse oscillometry (IOS) is a non-demanding lung function test. Its diagnostic use may be particularly useful in patients of advanced age with physical or mental limitations unable to perform spirometry. Only few reference equations are available for Caucasians, none of them covering the old age. Here, we provide reference equations up to advanced age and compare them with currently available equations. Methods IOS was performed in a population-based sample of 1990 subjects, aged 45–91 years, from KORA cohorts (Augsburg, Germany). From those, 397 never-smoking, lung healthy subjects with normal spirometry were identified and sex-specific quantile regression models with age, height and body weight as predictors for respiratory system impedance, resistance, reactance, and other parameters of IOS applied. Results Women (n = 243) showed higher resistance values than men (n = 154), while reactance at low frequencies (up to 20 Hz) was lower (p<0.05). A significant age dependency was observed for the difference between resistance values at 5 Hz and 20 Hz (R5–R20), the integrated area of low-frequency reactance (AX), and resonant frequency (Fres) in both sexes whereas reactance at 5 Hz (X5) was age dependent only in females. In the healthy subjects (n = 397), mean differences between observed values and predictions for resistance (5 Hz and 20 Hz) and reactance (5 Hz) ranged between −1% and 5% when using the present model. In contrast, differences based on the currently applied equations (Vogel & Smidt 1994) ranged between −34% and 76%. Regarding our equations the indices were beyond the limits of normal in 8.1% to 18.6% of the entire KORA cohort (n = 1990), and in 0.7% to 9.4% with the currently applied equations. Conclusions Our study provides up-to-date reference equations for IOS in Caucasians aged 45 to 85 years. We suggest the use of the present equations particularly in advanced age in order to detect airway dysfunction.


The nursery site approval program for spreading decline of citrus, caused by the burrowing nematode Radopholus similis1, is evaluated after 33 years of application in Florida (US). The economic benefits of the site approval program have far outweighed the costs engendered by the program. A site approval model is provided for use worldwide by regulatory agencies if similar pest problems are encountered.


This special issue aims to capture a broad cross-section of the approaches employed and the challenges currently faced by archaeologists who work with communities in Europe. Through this collec-tion of papers, we aim to emphasize the diversity of experiences across the continent, inspire new ideas for future engagement, and examine how community-based work can inform the discipline in unanticipated ways. When we


Biodiversity is the totality of variation in life-forms, across all levels of biological organi zation, from genes within species to the array of species themselves and finally, at the highest level, the living communities of ecosystems. The Rio Convention on Biological Diversity deals predominately with three crucial issues: the identification, conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. These issues are currently the focus of intensive re search around the world e.g. on the characterization of genetic diversity and processes that generate and maintain biodiversity, classification of ecosystems/habitats, the role of diver sity for ecosystem function, the role of man in maintenance of biodiversity, and the links between domesticated and wild biodiversity. The current very rapid biotechnology development has resulted in that the world's genetic and species diversity increasingly are viewed as industrial assets of great potential economic value. New search strategies for identifying valuable areas or taxa for biodiversity prospecting are rapidly under deVelopment, using a variety of phylogenetic, biogeographic, genetic, and ecological data.


The syndrome of multiple enchondromas is known as Ollier's disease. Enchondromas are benign tumours of hyaline cartilage arising within the medullary cavity of tubular bones. We are reporting the case of a 16 year old girl with Ollier's disease who presented with seizures and brainstem compression. A MRI scan of brain showed an intracranial space-occupying lesion in the region of clivus. The intracranial tumour was surgically removed and the histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of enchondroma. Intracranial enchondroma is an extremely rare situation and reported for the first time from south India.


Background: The stoma has both a physical andpsychological effect on sexual life. Through the abdominalwall an opening is constructed surgically where the faeces is discharged andcollected in a bag. There are many different reasons why people need to undergo ostomy surgery. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe how people with ostomy living in a relationship experience their sexual life afterstoma surgery and their strategies to make it work. Method: A literature review with a descriptive design. The result is based on nine scientific articles with qualitativeapproach. Results: The results are reported asthemes: body image, partnership and the sexual act. In moments of intimacy the stomacarrier hides their stoma both for their own and for the partner´s sake. Stoma carriers prefer some sexual positions before others. Getting a stoma -underpinned a sense of humiliation and not feeling sexy. Conclusion: The majority of participants reported that their sexlife has changed for the negative after ostomy surgery. Sexuality is one of life´s most intimate andprivate sides and all do not feel comfortable talkingabout it openly. By describing the stoma carriers practical strategies to a functioning sex life, the authors provide the nurse with more knowledge to help meet ostomy patients in the specific field.


Analyzing the differences between the army and the enterprises, the paper discusses the organizational structure, operation process and information system of military supply chain by unwrapping layer upon layer and finds a 'double pyramids' organizational structure, a three-layer operation process and the constitution of information system which are fit for the military and local reality.


The selective oxidation of phenylethane with air catalyzed by manganese porphyrin was studied.It is shoun that main products are hypnone and ɑ-phenylethanol.The selectivity of products of alpha position is 100%.With the reaction time extending,the yield of products increased,the selective of ɑ-phenylethanol descended and the selectivity of hypnone goes up a bit.With the temprature raising,the yield of hypnone and ɑ-phenylethanol relevantly increased,and the their selectivity descended.


A mounting structure of a fan motor and a fan for spiral type condenser are provided to reduce the power noise around 120Hz. In a mounting structure of a fan motor and a fan for spiral type condenser, a fan and a fan motor are installed inside a condenser. Fixing brackets are installed at regular intervals. A pentagonal body part(110) includes a triangular and a rectangular part for the fan and the fan motor is installed. A holder(100) has a joint part(120) in the form of supporter. The first vent(114) for flexible blowing is along the triangular and the rectangular part of the body part, and the second vent(115) is on the joint part.


The maxillofacial silastic prosthesis is one of the important prosthetic methods for maxillofacial rehabilitation,which is critical to the patient's emotional well-being.The simulation quality of color is the most important key to fabricate an esthetically pleasing prosthesis.Besides,the replacement prostheses are provided mainly due to color fading of the original maxillofacial silastic prosthesis.There are mainly three influencing factors.The first is the nature of colorants,including its color stability,curing stability and opacifier contents.The second is the color matching methods,which contain experiential and computer color matching.The last is the environmental influencing factors,including the ultraviolet ray,microwave disinfection impact,the thermal factors,the ozone and the extrinsic coloration.This article will mainly focus on the influencing factors on color of maxillofacial silastic prosthesis from these three aspects.


There are two fundamentally different approaches to solving polynomial systems: exact, symbolic, algebraic methods and inexact, numerical, geometric methods. Both approaches come with benefits and limitations. In this talk, I will describe some of the fundamental constructions and techniques of the latter approach. The aim is to provide enough of an introduction that the participants are comfortable trying numerical algebraic geometry software if they are ever confronted with a polynomial system that they need to solve.


Based on mechanical engineering specialty of "excellent engineer training plan" as the guidance, combined with engineering materials and machinery basic course characteristics, put forward from the change the teaching idea, write Bilingual teaching book, selection of bilingual teaching content, to reform the experiment teaching content and methods, strengthening bilingual teaching literacy, team construction and teaching quality control, and so on. The exploration and practice of bilingual teaching course of Engineering Materials and Fundamentals of Mechanical Manufacture was carried out. To improve the students' practical ability, strengthen innovation consciousness, and cultivate excellent mechanical engineer laid a foundation.


Introduction: Type 3 ordinary chondrites display a wide variety of metamorphic grades, ranging from little metamorphosed type-3.0 chondrites up to nearly equilibrated type 3.9's. Researchers commonly assume that pristine-looking chondrules found in the lowest petrological subtypes have been unaffected by metamorphic processes, and can be used to constrain pre-accretionary processes. Last year, we reviewed various effects that result from parent-body processing in chondrules from highly unequilibrated ordinary chondrites [1]. Some are easily observed with a microscope or backscattered-electron imagery, such as "bleaching" and formation of hydrated minerals in mesostasis, but some are cryptic, such as the chemical zoning of chondrule glass that can only be observed using techniques like x-ray mapping. We presented preliminary results on another cryptic effect that might be related to secondary processing of chondrules, the formation of "inhomogeneous" mesostasis. We found that mesostasis in certain chondrules is composed of a mixture of two alkali-bearing phases: glass with high K/Na, and crystalline albitic feldspar with very low K/Na. Herein, we report the results of further studies of the distribution and composition of chondrule mesostasis in LL chondrites with petrologic type ≤3.4. We show that albite-bearing mesostasis forms during the early stages of metamorphism, altering the primary record of pre-accretionary processes in all ordinary chondrites, including type-3.0 Semarkona. The silica-rich glass found in type II chondrules is extraordinarily sensitive to metamorphic alteration, and, for related reasons, is far more difficult to analyze using electron-beam methods than many researchers have realized. Experimental: We continued our study [1] of al-bite-bearing chondrules using the TEM at the University of New Mexico. Two chondrules each from Se-markona and Chainpur were examined. A survey of alkali abundances in chondrule mesostasis in the least equilibrated ordinary chondrites was also carried out to measure changes in the abundance and composition of minerals as a function of metamorphic grade. Mesostasis and silicates from 50-75 chondrules selected at random from each of six meteorites, Semark-(LL3.4), were analyzed by electron microprobe. Special care was used in the measurement of sodium to


This paper introduced the architecture,core class libraries and applications of the Cloud Computing simulation toolkit— Cloudsim.Besides we found a mathematical model for virtual machine placement problem,and introduced a new approximation algorithm CF to solve it.This algorithm was compared with Cloudsim built-in algorithm FCFS.Simulations were finished on Cloudsim.The result showed that cloud computing resource utilization can be effectively improved by optimizing the virtual machine placement algorithm.And Cloudsim can efficiently support extended simulation and realize the simulation of virtual machine placement algorithm.


New micromachining techniques now provide the opportunity to fabricate vacuum electron devices with dimensions suitable for operation in the terahertz region of the electromagnetic spectrum. In this paper, results of theoretical and numerical simulation studies of a MW-class, large diameter terahertz backward wave oscillator are presented. A novel full electromagnetic particle-in-cell simulation tool UNIPIC is also introduced. With this method, we studied the device at the frequency of 0.14 THz. It is found that the steady-state, single-frequency operation in this oversized situation could be realized by the property of surface wave near the upper cutoff area.


ABSTRACT: Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis has been used to control the Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquito larvae, the vector of virus diseases such as dengue, Chikungunya and Zika fever, which have become a major public health problem in Brazil and other tropical countries since the climate favors the proliferation and development of the transmitting vector. Because B. thuringiensis has shown potential for controlling insects of the Diptera order, this work aimed at testing the Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. thuringiensis strain T01-328 and its proteins Cry2Aa and Cry2Ab for control A. aegypti and at comparing the results to the B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis specific dipteran strain. To this end, bioassays using spore-crystal of both strains, and Cry2Aa and Cry2Ab proteins from the heterologous expression in Escherichia coli, were performed against A. aegypti larvae. The results showed that the B. thuringiensis thuringiensis T01-328 has insecticidal activity against the larvae, but it is less toxic than B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. Cry2Aa and Cry2Ab proteins expressed heterologously were effective for controlling A. aegypti larvae. Therefore, the results indicate that the Cry2Aa and Cry2Ab proteins of the B. thuringiensis thuringiensis T01-328 can be used as an alternative to assist in the control of A. aegypti.


We have been developing a compact X-ray source based on Laser Compton scattering(LCS) at Laser Undulator Compact X-ray source(LUCX) accelerator in KEK. Our aim is to take a phase contrast image with Talbot interferometer within a few minutes at present. Owing to this, we need the flux of X-ray is 1.7x10 photons/pulse with 10% bandwidth. In the accelerator, an electron beam with the energy of 18-24MeV is generated by an S-band normal conducting accelerator. An electron beam collided with a laser pulse stacked in a 4-mirror planar optical cavity and then 6-10 keV X-rays are generated by LCS. Recently, X-ray imaging experiments such as refraction contrast imaging and phase contrast imaging with Talbot interferometer has been conducted. The flux of 9keV Xrays was 3x10 photons/sec with total band. Further improvements to realize the design X-ray flux are continued.


Backpressure path is a vital parameter for the control of dimensional accuracy and shape integrity of the fabricated part and the improvement of material formability in sheet hydroforming. The optimal backpressure path is closely related to the unsupported wall region between the punch and the die, which is determined by the geometric characteristic of the fabricated part. To clarify the relation between the optimal backpressure path and part feature, the workpieces are classified into three types according to the various change patterns of the unsupported area during the hydroforming deformation. To establish the correlation of unsupported region with the reasonable loading locus, three different types of workpieces including a cylindrical part with constant unsupported area, a conical part owning continuous variable noncontact region and an irregular part with composite vacant area were selected to be produced via sheet hydroforming. The forming quality of the three parts was analyzed under different backpressure loci, and the relationship between the optimal backpressure path and the unsupported region was built.


This paper analyzes the effect of technical change on income distribution and profitability by comparing the long-run outcomes defined by a uniform profit rate in a multisector linear economy. We study three scenarios with (i) fixed real wage; (ii) fixed profit rate; or (iii) fixed wage-profit ratio, and show that any viable capitalusing and labor-saving technical change itself (in the absence of power change) would bring about a fall in the rate of profit. Profit rate would not rise unless the technical change is so power-biased against the working-class that the wage-profit ratio can not be maintained. Our result conclusively supports the argument of the falling rate of profit due to a rising organic composition of capital as an underlying


Insomnia is experienced by approximately 19% of university students1 and is associated with fatigue, depression, anxiety, stress, lower levels of quality of life2 and lower academic performance3. Specific personality traits are observed in insomniacs4. Individuals with high scores of neuroticism, i.e., who consider themselves nervous or anxious, report poorer sleep quality5 and the ones with high perfectionism also reveal more insomnia severity6. Doubts about actions and concerns about mistakes are perfectionism dimensions positively associated with insomnia7. Socially prescribed perfectionism, i.e. the perception that others hold very high expectations on oneself, is another perfectionism dimension which can predict difficulties initiating and/or maintaining sleep in the long term8. In addition, increased perception of stress may also predispose the individual to experience emotional distress and insomnia9. Neuroticism, perfectionism, increased stress reactivity and maladaptive emotional regulation strategies can act as precursors of cognitive hyperarousal which in turn can contribute to sleep difficulties9. Insomniacs might also share a genetic and physiological vulnerability to hyperarousal10 which could be intensified by cognitive activity. Individuals with perseverative negative thinking style, i.e., think about one ́s problems (current, past or future) or negative experiences (past or anticipated) in a repetitive, intrusive and persistent way11 are also more likely to report sleep difficulties12. Repetitive thinking in the evening is associated with longer sleep latency, less sleep efficiency and shorter total sleep time, sleep parameters objectively measured with actigraphy13 . Cognitive strategies can help managing, regulating and controlling emotions and feelings in perceived distressed situations14. Self-blame, blaming others, rumination or focus on thought and catastrophizing are strategies considered to be less adaptive and associated with depression and anxiety while accepting, refocus on planning, positive refocusing, positive reappraisal and putting into perspective are more adaptive and associated with less depression and anxiety14. Difficulties regulating emotions when upset are associated with insomnia severity15 and rumination, defined as thinking about feelings and thoughts related to a negative event that occurred in the past14, is associated with poor sleep16. A bi-directional effect between sleep and mood is expected. Poor sleep quality is associated with subsequent lower positive affect and higher negative affect during the day17 whereas perceived stress can predict decreased sleep quality18. The role of personality factors, stress reactivity and emotion regulation processes for insomnia onset or maintenance requires further investigation to substantiate its evidence. The aim of the present study was to explore the association between personality traits (neuroticism and perfectionism), stress reactivity and cognitive emotional regulation processes and insomnia in a sample of university students, controlling the effect of negative affect, which is likely to influence this association. Personality, cognitive emotion regulation and insomnia


This paper analyzes the relationship between parents and children from the angles of mother and son,and father and son in the novel Go to Lighthouse.


2090 Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering & Sciences Publication Retrieval Number:F13750476S519/19©BEIESP Abstract: Mobile ad hoc networks have been increased in present days because of self-configurable property and dynamic data transmission for each node with mobility. Due to mobile nature of the nodes, frequent topology updates are required which result in higher message overhead, and hence causes more power consumption and congestion hierarchy in between nodes. Consideration of these factors to improve the performance of the network is required for better network performance. Congestion window adaptation with contention detection (CWA-CD) is one of the approach designed to support efficient data transmission with reduction of congestion between different nodes with heavy request processing. Because of random routing hierarchy in ad hoc networks and decrease capacity regions between different nodes with increasing the performance of node deployment is a complex task with respect to energy consumption. So that in this paper, we propose a new and novel efficient energy aware routing scenario i.e. Threshold based Sensitive Energy Efficient Protocol (TSEEP) for active based wireless networks. Main idea behind this approach is to support and process routing path with adjustment of power consumptions. Simulated and analytical simulated results for proposed approach demonstrate high performance with respect to utilization of efficient energy optimization to reduce overhead in enquiring energy aware routing for wireless networks


With the development of cities, the relationship between cities is becoming closer, and the study of urban livability based on a single city can no longer meet the guidelines and suggestions for urban agglomerations. A scientific evaluation of livability in urban agglomerations can better help cities to recognize the advantages and disadvantages. However, most studies on urban livability focus on its connotation and history and neglect simulations and analyses of the future. Based on the Yangtze River Delta agglomeration, this paper establishes an index system using data from 2011 to 2019 to simulate urban livability from 2020 to 2025 through the ARIMA model and analyzes the historical and future data by using GIS methods. The results show the following: (1) The ARIMA model has good simulation accuracy when applied to urban livability analysis and can provide a reference for future urban livability development. (2) The urban livability of the Yangtze River Delta agglomeration has obviously changed both on the whole and in subsystems. Cities in the upper ranking of livability have developed rapidly, and the difference in urban livability has increased. (3) The spatial autocorrelation of urban livability in the Yangtze River Delta agglomeration is obvious both on the whole and in subsystems. (4) The influencing factors of urban livability development are diverse. The general public budget expenditure for social security and employment, fixed assets investment in municipal public facilities, total retail sales of consumer goods, and education and medical expenditures have positive effects on the development of urban livability, while industrial SO2 emissions have a negative effect. The results show that cities should strengthen inter-city relationships, promote the coordinated development of inter-regional cities, and formulate relevant policies to improve the level of urban environmental governance in the region.


Gastric cancer is one of the most common neoplastic diseases in developed Western countries, and is characterized by a poor prognosis when diagnosed at a late stage [1]. Atrophic gastritis and gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM) are well-known risk factors for the development of gastric cancer. For this reason, endoscopy with multiple biopsies is recommended in patients with atrophic gastritis or GIM, to exclude preneoplastic or neoplastic tissue [1]. Magnifying endoscopy with narrow band imaging (NBI) has been shown to be reliable for in vivo diagnosis of atrophic gastritis and GIM [1–4]. However, while magnifying endoscopy is routinely used by Asian endoscopists, it is not established in most European and Northern American endoscopy centers. Recently, a novel endoscope with NBI and dual-focus capability has been introduced to improve the quality of endoscopic imaging [5]. Dual focus allows the user to select between two focus settings by pushing a button on the scope. This results in an optimized close view of the tissue up to an 80-fold optical magnification. To the best of our knowledge, no reports exist so far on the use of this new technique for the detection and characterization of gastric lesions. We report a case in which dual-focus narrow band imaging was used to diagnose atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia and obtain targeted biopsies in the same session. A 57-year-old woman with dyspeptic symptoms was referred for esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Physical examination was unremarkable and laboratory parameters were within reference ranges. Highdefinition white-light endoscopy (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) showed extensive absence of gastric rugae and visible vessels upon the gastric mucosa, consistent with macroscopic signs of atrophic gastritis (●" Fig.1). Additionally, NBI revealed the presence of blue-whitish patchy areas on the distal corpus (●" Fig.2). Dual-focus NBI revealed isolated flat lesions up to 2mm in diameter with a subtle villous-like morphology and the appearance of light blue crests on the epithelial surface (●" Fig.3). Accordingly, an invivodiagnosis of atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia was made and targeted biopsies were obtained, which confirmed the in vivo diagnosis of atrophic gastritis with foci of intestinal metaplasia. This case is interesting as it demonstrates for the first time the potential of dual-focusNBI fordiagnosis ofearlygastric lesions. The potential benefits of this new technique are that in vivo diagnosis of suspect lesions could be performed in real time without any time delay, and that targetedbiopsies could be performed for subsequent histopathological analysis, thereby allowing the assignment of proper surveillance intervals. As dual focus is combined with an automatic algorithm (Prefreeze) which selects the sharpest image when the image is frozen by the user, high-magnification imaging becomes feasible even for nonexpert users. Larger trials on the potential of this technique for early diagnosis and surveillance of patients with early gastric lesions are now warranted.


PurposeThe Covid-19 prediction process is more indispensable to handle the spread and death occurred rate because of Covid-19. However early and precise prediction of Covid-19 is more difficult because of different sizes and resolutions of input image. Thus these challenges and problems experienced by traditional Covid-19 detection methods are considered as major motivation to develop JHBO-based DNFN.Design/methodology/approachThe major contribution of this research is to design an effectual Covid-19 detection model using devised JHBO-based DNFN. Here, the audio signal is considered as input for detecting Covid-19. The Gaussian filter is applied to input signal for removing the noises and then feature extraction is performed. The substantial features, like spectral roll-off, spectral bandwidth, Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC), spectral flatness, zero crossing rate, spectral centroid, mean square energy and spectral contract are extracted for further processing. Finally, DNFN is applied for detecting Covid-19 and the deep leaning model is trained by designed JHBO algorithm. Accordingly, the developed JHBO method is newly designed by incorporating Honey Badger optimization Algorithm (HBA) and Jaya algorithm.FindingsThe performance of proposed hybrid optimization-based deep learning algorithm is estimated by means of two performance metrics, namely testing accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of 0.9176, 0.9218 and 0.9219.Research limitations/implicationsThe JHBO-based DNFN approach is developed for Covid-19 detection. The developed approach can be extended by including other hybrid optimization algorithms as well as other features can be extracted for further improving the detection performance.Practical implicationsThe proposed Covid-19 detection method is useful in various applications, like medical and so on.Originality/valueDeveloped JHBO-enabled DNFN for Covid-19 detection: An effective Covid-19 detection technique is introduced based on hybrid optimization–driven deep learning model. The DNFN is used for detecting Covid-19, which classifies the feature vector as Covid-19 or non-Covid-19. Moreover, the DNFN is trained by devised JHBO approach, which is introduced by combining HBA and Jaya algorithm.


Lamb's analysis of small-amplitude, shallow-water oscillations in a rotating paraboloid, interpreted by him in the inconsistent context of an approximately plane free surface, is re-interpreted to obtain results that are valid for $0 \le \omega^2l|2g \; \textless \;1$ (ω = rotational speed, l = latus rectum of paraboloid); no equilibrium is possible for ω2l/2g > 1. It is shown that the frequencies of the dominant modes for the azimuthal wave numbers 0 (axisymmetric motion) and 1 are independent of ω for an observer in a non-rotating reference frame and that the frequencies of all other axisymmetric modes are decreased by rotation (Lamb concluded that they would be increased). An axisymmetric mode of zero frequency, which was over-looked by Lamb, also is found. Exact solutions to the non-linear equations of motion, which reduce to the aforementioned dominant modes for small amplitudes, are determined. The axisymmetric solution is inferred from similarity considerations and is found to contain all harmonics of the fundamental frequency. The finite motion of azimuthal wave-number 1 is a quasi-rigid displacement of the liquid and is found to be simple harmonic except for a second-harmonic component of the free-surface displacement (but the horizontal velocity at a given point remains simple harmonic).


On the basis of analyzing the development of the intelligent system in our country, combining the present conditions of our nation.The overall scheme and the structure of the home intelligent system based on the home automation modem ST7537HS1 and the MCS51 have been presented. The discussion has been made for the hardware, operation principle and the method of software of the system .This system integrates all the electrical equipment in a web using the bus technology and embed technology. Using the 220V power line which is already existing as the communication bus to realize the syncretism of the communication line and the power line. No extra wire is needed in this system, so this system is very convenient to operate for home use.


In the view of Europe's leaders today, none of these three earlier attempts offered any sustainable solution to the problem of how to reconcile suprastatism and national self-determination. The first was based on the one-people-one-state doctrine in order to make the world safe for democracy. The second and third were the form of suprastatal rule developed by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union. All three of them failed. At present, a new settlement – along a fourth path – appears to be within reach. How is this new attempt to be made sustainable in the perspective of these failures? Making the fourth attempt succeed In today's European Union the provision of civil, political, and social rights are distributed in a vertically asymmetric way. The union provides some of the civil rights, mainly the commercially relevant ones. The family-related civil rights as well as the political and social rights are provided by the member states. All rights are not ensured at the same level. The public might, at a pinch, accept this asymmetric provision even in the long perspective. So runs, at any rate, the view that has come to predominate on this question. By means of this structure, it is believed, a definitive end has been put to five hundred years of war within and between the European states. In the Declaration on the future of the union, adopted by the Nice summit in December 2000, the problem of how to justify the fourth attempt was faintly outlined. The declaration charges the governments of the member states with taking, in the course of their preparations for negotiations on revision of the treaties, the initiative for a debate on how suprastatism and national self-determination can better be reconciled.


The present paper deals with analyzing nonlinear forced vibrational behaviors of nonlocal multi-phase piezo-magnetic beam rested on elastic substrate and subjected to an excitation of elliptic type. The applied elliptic force may be presented as a Fourier series expansion of Jacobi elliptic functions. The considered multi-phase smart material is based on a composition of piezoelectric and magnetic constituents with desirable percentages. Additionally, the equilibrium equations of nanobeam with piezo-magnetic properties are derived utilizing Hamilton's principle and von-Karman geometric nonlinearity. Then, an exact solution based on Jacobi elliptic functions has been provided to obtain nonlinear vibrational frequencies. It is found that nonlinear vibrational behaviors of the nanobeam are dependent on the magnitudes of induced electrical voltages, magnetic field intensity, elliptic modulus, force magnitude and elastic substrate parameters.


Using principal-agent theory, Brent found that support for claimants before the U.S. Courts of Appeals in religious free exercise cases declined following the Supreme Court's decision in Employment Division, Department of Human Resources v. Smith and rose again following congressional passage of the Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA). The present study attempts to determine how the Courts of Appeals responded to the Supreme Court's decision in Boerne v. Flores that RFRA was unconstitutional. A multivariate analysis controlling on political and case-fact variables reveals that support for free exercise claimants did decline again following the Boerne decision. The Supreme Court apparently succeeded in reestablishing itself as the relevant principal in free exercise cases.


THE results of using various combinations of oxytocin and ergometrine in the third stage of labour were recently reported (Clarke and Douglas, 1962). At that time a combined preparation was not available in Jamaica, but since then Syntometrine" (containing 0 5 mg. ergometrine maleate B.P. and 5 units of Syntocinon-in 1 ml.) has been obtained. In order to compare the effects of this combination of drugs with our earlier results, a trial of Syntometrine was carried out at the University Hospital of the West Indies. All patients admitted to the labour ward in the month of March, 1963, who had both an uncomplicated history and a normal first stage in labour were given 1 ml. of Syntometrine intramuscularly with the birth of the anterior shoulder. One hundred and thirty-two patients were studied, of whom 58 were primigravid and 74 multiparous.


Utilization of the otherwise curtailed wind to produce heat is considered an effective solution to combating wind curtailment. This paper studies the technical potential of wind heating in facilitating wind power integration in China. Technical schemes of wind-heating are proposed and their potential of facilitating wind power integration is studied both theoretically with probability methods, and quantitatively with case examples. The prospects of promoting wind-heating in China are also discussed. Results show that wind heating does help to facilitate wind power integration, but with limited roles. Other measures are still needed to thoroughly solve the wind integration issue. Analysis of wind-heating in wind rich areas such as Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang shows that it help enhance wind integration by 35%-45%.


Foreword Preface Introduction General Statistics and National Databases Empirical Studies Social and Psychological Characteristics of Older Volunteers Motivations Barriers Impact of Volunteering on Older People and Volunteers Settings Educational Institutions Health Care Institutions Religious Institutions National Programs Roles for Retired Professionals Foster Grandparent Program RSVP Peace Corps General Models and Programs Special Populations Widows and Widowers Developmentally Disabled/Visually Impaired Racial or Ethnic Minorities Rural Law Enforcement/Crime Victims Author Index Subject Index