The cytotoxicity of over 30 anticancer drugs vary by 50% or more as a function of dosing time along the 24-h time scale in laboratory rodents. Mechanisms involve circadian changes in cellular metabolism and proliferation processes, as well as drug pharmacokinetics. Moreover, the administration of chemotherapy at the least toxic time usually achieves best antitumor efficacy in experimental tumor models. The coupling of several chronopharmacology mechanisms with the rest-activity cycle both in mice and in patients led to the design of chronomodulated infusions adapted to circadian rhythms (chronotherapy). Thus, the activity of dehydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), the ratelimiting enzyme of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) catabolism, was 3 to 6 fold larger in liver and bone marrow in the first half of the rest span as compared to the middle of the active span of mice or rats. Similarly DPD in human circulating mononuclear cells was 40% larger at 1:00 at night as compared to midday. High DPD coincided with lowest proportions of cells undergoing DNA synthesis in bone marrow, gut, oral mucosa and skin. This resulted in a better tolerability of 5-FU in the early rest span. Conversely, reduced glutathione (GSH) also displayed a circadian pattern in liver and gut. Highest levels were found during the activity span in rodents and accounted for the better tolerability of platinum complexes near this circadian time (reviewed in Levi, 1997). Chronotherapy has been implemented in 1500 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer receiving 5-FU and leucovorin (LV), with or without oxaliplatin (1-OHP) (Levi, 1996). Sinusoidal chronomodulated delivery of 2or 3drug chemotherapy was performed in the patient's home or during its usual activities, with a computer-programmed multi-reservoir pump (IntelliJect, Aguettant, Lyon, France). Courses lasted 4-5 days (d) and were repeated every 14-21d.


This paper has various type of approach for stable point of insulator which are used in high voltage transmission line. By experimental approach we can be decides that best coating material for insulator with the help of temperature parameter. the commercial coating material are five types such as Natural Silk , Laminated wood , Wire enamels based on Polyvinyl formal , RTV Silicone Rubber , Silicon-Alkyd Insulation Materials with Initial Temperature are 30°C. To make porcelain, the raw materials such as clay and silica are first crushed using jaw crushers, hammer mills, and ball mills. By experimental process we are decided the best coating material for insulator as RTV Silicone Rubber. KEY WORD- RTV, silicone rubber, end-of-life, insulator coatings


Patients treated with intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) rarely experience symptomatic hemolysis. Although anti‐A and anti‐B isoagglutinins from the product are involved in most cases, the actual mechanisms triggering hemolysis are unclear.


Via a wired network performs content transfer with a large capacity, and data for controlling the transmitted and received via the IP network. VoD channel assigned in advance with respect to each of the plurality of regions divided in a wired network (1), and in addition, in response to a request from the terminal apparatus VoD stream (11) is dynamically allocated to the VoD channel. Include a broadcast head-end server (2), control information server (3), VoD server (4), regional page server (5) and a multiplexer (6). Control information server (3) sends out a broadcast and configured for DVB-SI information for the selected program, and for controlling the AIT browser page. Data terminal (11) for acquiring the transmitted content via the Internet (17) to the head end server, and for controlling the flow of data and the data reproduced from the head end server receives the content and for acquiring the control data for streaming playback.


We consider a family of long-range percolation models (G p ) p>0 on ℤ d that allow dependence between edges and have the following connectivity properties for p ∈ (1/d, ∞): (i) the degree distribution of vertices in G p has a power-law distribution; (ii) the graph distance between points x and y is bounded by a multiple of log pd log pd | x - y | with probability 1 - o(1); and (iii) an adversary can delete a relatively small number of nodes from G p (ℤ d ∩ [0, n] d ), resulting in two large, disconnected subgraphs.


This event is supported by an endowment from the Littmann family, AHS (through the Department of Psychiatry) and the Mathison Centre for Research & Education in Mental Health.


New building materials and products in construction and reconstruction, which improve the performance and efficiency characteristics of buildings, reduce material consumption, cost and labor intensity, are always relevant. A promising direction for further development of composite materials is the employment of pre-bound aggregate materials. Their production is a two-stage process, which involves at first creating an optimal aggregate mix and gluing the grains to each other and secondly filling the voids of the obtained aggregate framework with a high-workability matrix. Presented research is an experimental investigation of physical and technical properties of pre-bound aggregate composite materials. Composites with complex binders are also considered in this study. In such cases, the aggregate framework and the grouting matrix were made of binders of different nature, which are incompatible when the components are mixed ordinarily. When studying composites, a complex of physical and mechanical methods was used. Improvement of physical and mechanical properties of framework composites in comparison with composites obtained according to conventional techno- logy has been established. These advantages are identified primarily for such properties as deformability, impact strength, creep.


IMF programs are designed to provide a temporary source of finance for countries with balance of payments disequilibria. Consequently, borrowing from the IMF should occur infrequently and be widely distributed among member countries. However, some countries are recurrent users of Fund resources. This paper investigates which variables account for multiple borrowings from the IMF. We use models of count data to examine the impact of the need for financing, domestic policies, external shocks, and structural and institutional factors on borrowings between 1980 and 1996. We find that recidivist borrowers have lower reserve holdings, larger current account deficits and capital outflows, lower but less volatile terms of trade, larger debt service and external debt ratios, lower investment rates and per-capita income, and weak governance.


DOCUMENT RESUME EC 300 726 Means, Bob L. Job Application Training. Arkansas Univ., Fayetteville. Research and Training Center in Vocational Rehabilitation. National Inst. on Disability and Rehabilitation Research (ED/OSERS), Washington, DC. 89 G0083C0010 141p.; For a related document, see ED 313 875. Sample application forms include handwriting. Publications Department, Arkansas Research & Training Center in Vocational Rehabilitation, P.O. Box 1358, Hot Springs, AR 71902 ($8.50, #51-1494). Guides Classroom Use Teaching Guides (For Teacher) (052) -Guides Classroom Use Instructional Materials (For Learner) (051) MF01/PC06 Plus Postage. Adolescents; /Milts; *Disabilities; Employment Potential; Intervention; *Job Application; Records (Forms); *Training; Vocational Evaluation This job application training package was developed as part of a comprehensive employability assessment and intervention program. The package is designed to train participants who have significant deficits in completing job applications but have basic reading and writing skills. The training package prepares participants to make a favorable impression with their job application form. Primary areas addressed in the training are: (1) understanding the employer's point of view; (2) using information to create a positive response; (3) delivery considerations such as neatness, spelling, and completeness; and (4) special considerations relative to disability presentation. The package contains sections on basic personal information, education/training/skills, employment history, physical record, and references. Participants assess their related strengths and deficits, plan activities that will improve their job application performance, and prepare a personal data sheet. Participants are involved in the scoring of others' application forms and have numerous opportunities to upgrade their job application presentations. The small group training is based on a fantasy game and is felt to be entertaining for participants. An appendix contains sample forms and examples of completed forms. (aDD) ******************, ,***************************************t********** Reprodu.ctions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** UM. DEPARTMENT OP EDUCATION Office of Educational Rea/march and improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document haS been reproduced as received IrOm the Denton or organitation originating it CI Minor changes have been made to improve rproduction (futility Points ot view or opinions stated in this docu ment do not nec.essarily represent official OERI position or policy .sat: VE'it %NO ... nt..10043:?-44


This paper focuses on illustrating to the method of once bath twice steps,such as the different kinds of dyestuffs choosing,the choice and dosage for each aidstuff,the dissolved way to dyestuff and aidstuff,also regarding when and how much to put into the dyestuff and aidstuff,as well as instituting dyeing technics curve.It studies the practical production dyeing prescription of once bath twice steps to dye colour mauve and blue,including dyeing technics.Then it testes and analyses the yarn appearance quality via the fore-and-aft index of wool/acrylic blending yarn,the fastness after dyeing in order to demonstrate the technologic rationality for once both twice steps.


The temporary dwelling card system have administration confirm permit double legal nature with the administration, and have leading some function that permit, therefore this system does not have proper, rationality and legitimacy under current terms. The system of the temporary dwelling card stores the real destiny that abolishes by the current household register system, its reforming furtherly in system of the household register of possibility origin abolished completely, only the household register system of China gets the reform which accords with the times, the issue of the temporary residence permit will be easily solved.


The title of this project is "Design and Development of Car Gear Knob for Mass
Customization". The aim of this project is to design car gear knob, apply "design
database" as a tool for mass customization on the design and development of customize
gear knob, understand the manufacturing processes involved and to determine its
contribution to "Time to Market" of mass customize gear knob. Car gear knob is chosen
as a sample product to see whether using design database it can be mass customize. By
using this method it can take a shorter time to produce car gear knob compared to the
current method today. To fulfill this mission, three aesthetic features of car gear knob
named as round, cylindrical and curve knobs are selected. Then, both three aesthetic
gear knob is design using the "SolidWorks" software and apply design database method
to customize the shapes and sizes through the "design table". Design table is a tool in
"SolidWorks" and used to create different configurations or dimensions of a product.
This method can also change the dimensions and features of an existing gear knob to
create multiple configurations where the configurations control the size and shape of a
gear knob. The manufacturing process selected for this gear knob is "Rapid Prototyping"
as it can manufacture in shorter time period. The contribution towards "Time to
Market" is done by recording the design time and modification of the design by
inputting data in the design database. The time collected by this method is compared to
conventional method to get the best method in designing customize car gear knob.


Listen and sing along to If You're Happy and You Know it with your children. Simply follow the words and the actions.


The present work is a contribution to the search of models useful to understand the fascinating relation between Form and Structure. The investigation has been performed by Load Path Method (LPM), which was intro- duced by Schlaich et al. (1987) and then developed by Palmisano et al. (2002). The choice of the Load Path Method derives from the wish to find a method that could represent the trait d'union between Structure and Architecture. The absence of a common language is one of the reasons why nowadays there is a very big gap between the Architect and the Engineer. The introduction of new materials and techniques during the Industrial Revolution and the born of the first polytechnics in the 18th century, led to a different cultural approach to the design causing the born of different languages between Architects and Engineers. Nowadays, with the widespread of very com- plicated works of the architecture there is a huge need to bridge the gap between Architects and Engineers. In this context, focusing the attention on masonry domes, this paper aims at highlighting that Load Path Method seems to open new prospects in the search for a common language between engineers and architects to give voice, in harmony and in a single design, to formal, aesthetical, functional and structural aspects. According to LPM, a dome (Figure 1) can be seen as a system of meridian arches joined by the parallel circles. The arches draw the paths of the vertical loads while the parallel circles draw the paths of the unbalanced thrusts. In fact, differently from the arches, in dome the equilibrium of the thrusts in every node is always possible because of the presence of the parallels. The difference H p (F i ) between the thrust of F i and that of ∑F j , enters the parallel and find equilibrium thanks to the axial symmetry. Figure 1 shows that the shape of a dome has a direct influence on the type of the path of the unbalanced thrusts. At the top part of the dome the thrust of F i is bigger than that ∑F j for two reasons: firstly the deviation θ i of F i is larger than that (δ i ) of ∑F j and secondly the intensity of ∑F j is low. This implies that H p (F i ) is centripetal and, consequently, it generates a compression action in the parallel. Just the opposite happens at the bottom part of the dome. However, the tensile forces towards the base are inadmissible for the assumption of no-tensile strength in masonry. Actually two explanations of the dome equilibrium are possible: • the bottom tensile action is so low (because of the thickness of the dome) to be compat- ible with the masonry tensile strength; • due to the high tensile action the bottom part of the dome separates into 'slices' divided by meridian cracks but equilibrium is maintained because every slice starts to behave like a two-dimensional arch. Regarding the last consideration it is worth noting that many domes show precisely such meridian crack patterns. Starting from this consideration, in this paper, the shape of a dome that, with gravitational and symmetrical loads, can avoid the activation of the ring behaviour has been searched. Figure 2 shows the comparison between the centre line of a dome without ring behaviour, calculated by the relation proposed in the paper, and that of a hemispheri- cal dome having span and rise equal to 60 m and 30 m respectively. The difference between the two lines clearly shows that in the hemispherical dome, ring behaviour is necessary for equilibrium to be maintained.


The scientific problem to which this article is devoted is determined by the tasks facing modern education. One of these tasks is to build a continuous education system, covering all stages of a person's life. To ensure the movement of the individual in the educational space, it is necessary to form a culture of lifelong learning, which implies the development of technologies of self-education and self-learning. The latter become a fundamental factor in the system of continuous learning. The analysis of pedagogical, psychological and methodical literature showed that the independent work of students in its theoretical justification has always been interpreted as the most important component of the educational process. However, in recent years the problem of improving its effectiveness began to attract increasing attention of researchers. One of the ways, according to scientists, psychologists and methodologists, is to teach students the ability to learn. But in order to "learn how to learn", it is necessary to master various methods of organization and implementation of educational activities. This is facilitated, according to foreign scientists, by the use of various learning strategies. The purpose of this article is to consider different types of educational strategies formed within the framework of independent foreign language training of students. According to the authors of the article, educational process should be organized in such a way that the consistent and purposeful work on formation of teaching strategies is conducted, mastery of which promotes students' ability to learn. The formation of this skill becomes a support for personal readiness to continuously learn throughout life.


After a recent experience of being a patient, there is no doubt in my mind that 'sick doctors' engender anxiety in their health-care professionals. Despite researching, lecturing and writing on the health care of doctors, I found it hard to practice what I preach. Maybe I was a difficult patient, or tried too hard to be compliant, or perhaps my expectations of my caregivers were unrealistic.


Stroke is a major cerebrovascular disease, and as such, segmentation of lesions associated with stroke on MR images is of great interest to the medical imaging sector. Stroke lesion segmentation using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a crucial step in determining the cause and severity of stroke symptoms. Our research proposes a deep learning architecture called 3D-Unet, which utilizes T1-weighted MRI images to differentiate stroke lesions. The 3D-Unet framework is developed as a 3D-compatible variation of the well-known U-Net structure. Using a skip-connected encoder-decoder network, high-resolution segmentation of volumetric data may be achieved. We used an ATLAS dataset annotated by radiologists to train our model on W1 MRI images with ground truth segmentation masks. Results demonstrate that the suggested 3D-Unet model provides state-of-the-art effectiveness in segmenting stroke lesions with a mean Dice coefficient of 0.81. Stroke lesion locations and sizes were successfully identified by the model, providing important information for medical practitioners. Promising results have been achieved by the suggested model in medical imaging segmentation tasks.


This paper presents a review of recent studies on the prediction of hydroelastic responses of a very large floating structure (VLFS). It is divided into the pontoon type and column-supported type structures. Studies on the pontoon type are divided further into the frequency-domain and time-domain analyses. A new calculation method for general time-dependent problems is also described, which is one of the future works required. The hierarchical interaction theory, developed recently by the author for analyzing hydrodynamic interactions among a large number of columns, is explained with some equations and numerical results. However, experimental work is not reviewed in detail, because main interest in this paper is placed on analytical calculation methods.


Australia seems to contribute to the study and writing of Scottish history in three ways. One is the work done by Australians in the mainstream of Scottish history, for instance on Scottish elections or Scottish business histories. The problem of the distance from the primary sources in Scotland is severe for sustained research of this sort. More feasible and manageable is the considerable research that occurs on the history of Scottish phenomena in Australia notably on the influence of the Scottish churches in the Antipodes, the careers of Scots in the colonies, the making of Scottish communities in Australia, the contribution of Scottish capital and enterprise to the development of the nation. This type of work is probably least well known in Scotland and may offer a rich vein of material for the comparative study of Scottish history. The third category of research is that which attempts to link the two histories, to study the flows between Australia and Scotland. The processes of longdistance migration, of trade, of capital outflows and inflows, the transmission of culture, and so on, provide an obvious and important field for study. It may be symptomatic of the condition of Australian historiography that there exists no full-scale history of emigration to Australia; there is no Australian equivalent of Oscar Handlin'sThe Uprooted , or M. L. Hansen's Atlantic Migration 1607-1860. So far as the specific Scottish component in the process is concerned David S. Macmillan's Scotland and Australia covers some of the ground but there is a considerable room for work in the style of I. C. C. Graham's Colonists from Scotland (1956) and D. Meyer's The Highland Scots of North Carolina 1732-1776 (1957) . Yet one need not be unduly apologetic about Australian historiography: there is, for instance, no British or American equivalent of Geoffrey Blainey's The Tyranny of


At low temperatures electron hopping in a three dimensional Coulomb glass produces fluctuations in the single particle density of states and hence in the resistivity. This results in a low frequency resisitivity noise spectrum which goes as (1/f)^(alpha) where alpha is very close to 1. This holds down to extremely low frequencies.


The volume is unusual because of its personal touch, which reveals not only the respect shown to Vince Dethier's pioneering, fun-loving experimentalist approach but also the rich and varied characters of the contributors themselves. This does not detract from the book but rather adds an extra dimension for the reader. The book contains eleven chapters written by Eliot Stellar, John S. Kennedy, Alan Gelperin, Lloyd M. Beidler, Carl Pfaffmann, Louis M. Schoonhoven, Frank K. Hanson, Dietrich Schneider, Tibor Jermy, Liz Bernays and Reg Chapman and Miriam Rothschild. Each is an informative, detailed up-to-date treatment of the author's field of expertise, ranging from the internal environment and its role in feeding behaviour, through chemoreception, to learning in feeding and the relationship of herbivores with their host plants. Eight of the eleven papers are concerned with insect chemoreception and behaviour, reflecting Vince Dethier's main interests. However, the three papers on vertebrate taste reception and appetite add an extra comparative dimension. The papers all have detailed reference lists and a useful general Subject Index is also included. The quality of production is excellent. I highly recommend the book at post-graduate level for all who are interested in the field of chemoreception and behaviour.


The present invention relates to compositions and products made therefrom which contain a thermoplastic material, and the benzotriazole type UV absorbing agent. Products of the present invention is preferably the outermost layer is a multilayer board consisting of one or both of the composition of the present invention. Thermoplastic polymers, UV absorbers, benzotriazole, polycarbonate


Modelling a system as a global system (whole world system) has usually scalability problems, so we are modelling a system through graph transformation and decomposing it into local views. These views can be integrated into global system in any tool supporting modular integration to avoid scalability problems. Which mainly occur while analysing a system through state space exploration.


Leaders have many options in their development toolkit including the developmental relationships of mentoring and coaching and the tools of feedback.


In an unselected population of 4‐year‐old children, 66.4% were found to have mal‐occlusion, and 10.7% were considered in need of treatment by an orthodontist. Previous or present sucking habits were reported for 77.9% of the children. 10.7% still used a dummy, 30.1% were sucking on their fingers and 13.2% used both dummy and fingers.


An extensive series of spinel solid solutions covering most of the range between Li4Mn5O12 and Co2MnO4 including Li2CoMn3O8, (or LiCo1/2Mn3/2O4) and with the general formula, Li1 − XCo1/2 + 3X/2Mn3/2 − X/2O4: −0.17 ≤ X ≤ 0.84, forms in air at 800 °C with a final heating at 600 °C. From the combined data of powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES), the solid solutions have the structural formulae [Li+]8a[Li+− XCo3+1/2 + 3X/2Mn3+1/2 + 3X/2Mn4+1 − 2X]16dO4
for X ≤ 0 and [Li+1 − XCo2+X]8a[Co3+1/2 + X/2Mn3+1/2 + X/2Mn4+1 − X]16dO4 for X ≥ 0, in space group Fdm; 1∶3 ordering of cations on octahedral 16d sites may occur for compositions around X = 0, but was not detected by XRD. Observed effective magnetic moment values from magnetic susceptibility data are consistent with these formulae. Weiss temperatures become increasingly negative with increasing X, with evidence for spontaneous magnetisation below ca. 150 K, suggesting the presence of ferromagnetic interaction
between Co2+ and Mn3+ or Mn4+ for samples with X > 0. Impedance data on pellets with blocking electrodes demonstrate a modest level of semiconductivity which may involve mainly Mn3+/Mn4+ situated in adjacent octahedral 16d sites. Potential profiles for electrochemical cells, Li/Li1 − XCo1/2 + 3X/2Mn3/2 − X/2O4: −0.17 ≤ X ≤ 0.18, reveal a charge/discharge plateau centred on ca. 4.0 V, and a second plateau centred on ca. 5.1 V which shows a maximum discharge capacity of ca. 62 mA h g−1 at X = 0, i.e., Li2CoMn3O8. For X ≫ 0,
the solid solutions lose their electrochemical activity as a cathode possibly because the Co that resides in tetrahedral 8a sites blocks Li+ conduction through the pathway: tetrahedral 8a site–empty octahedral 16c site. For X < 0, the first charging cycle is not reproduced on subsequent discharge/charge cycles; reasons for this are not understood. In order to explain the large capacities of charge/discharge for X < 0, some additional redox process, possibly O2−/O−, appears to be necessary.


Abstract:
 The chromosomal location and size of the 18S–28S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene cluster was examined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and AgNO3 banding in three species of the Asian salamander family Hynobiidae: Hynobius quelpaertensis (2N=56), H. tsuensis (2N=56), and Onychodactylus koreanus (2N=78). These species have karyotypes that contain numerous microchromosomes and are thought to resemble the karyotype of the most recent common ancestor of all living caudate amphibians. In the Hynobius species FISH signals representing 18S–28S rDNA sequences were found on multiple single chromosomes as well as on a single homologous pair of microchromosomes (no. 23). Co-localization of AgNO3 bands was found on the same pair of microchromosomes indicating that this site represents transcriptionally active NORs (Ag-NORs). Onychodactylus showed FISH signals on an unidentified pair of microchromosomes, but these did not show AgNO3 bands, which were found only on several macrochromosomes and microchromosomes. These results suggest that 1) an active NOR located in a single pair of microchromosomes may have been shared by the common ancestor of hynobiids; 2) FISH revealed the presence of rDNA sequences in a similar-looking pair of microchromosomes in Onychodactylus, although the site seems to be Agnegative; and 3) the similarity of chromosomal localization of the rDNA sequences between Onychodactylus and Hynobius suggests that the location of 18S–28S rDNA sequences on a pair of microchromosomes may be a common feature in the asymmetrical bimodai (AB) karyotypes of hynobiid salamanders.


In current work is presented one comprehensive method for design of resonant parallel loaded DC-AC power converters (inverters). The method is based on a new simplified approach to analysing such power devices. It is based on an assumed resonance action in finding connections between input and output variables regardless of other modes of operation (when controlling frequency is below or above resonant frequency). This approach is named 'quasiresonant method of analysis', because it is based on assuming that all operational modes are 'sort of' resonant modes of operation. An error estimate was made due to the use of resonance imaging and the results were compared with the classic analysis. The 'quasiresonant method' of analysis gains two main advantages: speed and easiness in designing of presented power circuits. Hence it is very useful in engineering practice and in teaching Power Electronics. Its applicability is proven with mathematic modelling, control design, computer simulation and rapid prototyping.In current work is presented one comprehensive method for design of resonant parallel loaded DC-AC power converters (inverters). The method is based on a new simplified approach to analysing such power devices. It is based on an assumed resonance action in finding connections between input and output variables regardless of other modes of operation (when controlling frequency is below or above resonant frequency). This approach is named 'quasiresonant method of analysis', because it is based on assuming that all operational modes are 'sort of' resonant modes of operation. An error estimate was made due to the use of resonance imaging and the results were compared with the classic analysis. The 'quasiresonant method' of analysis gains two main advantages: speed and easiness in designing of presented power circuits. Hence it is very useful in engineering practice and in teaching Power Electronics. Its applicability is proven with mathematic modelling, control design, computer simulation and rapid prototyping.


Many country complementary feeding guidelines do not promote introduction to animal source foods such as eggs and dairy until a child is at least 12 months. To our knowledge, there is no evidence that supports that restricting diets after 4 to 6 months of age will prevent allergies (Halken, 2001) and allergic sensitization to food and inhalant allergens are associated with late introduction of some solid foods (Paton, 2012, Nwaru 2010). The objective of this study is to assess whether reported egg or dairy consumption at 6 to 9 months of age was associated with allergy‐like symptoms and/or allergic reactions in the rural province of Cotopaxi, Ecuador.


Rakiihia Tau leading a haka in Parliament's public gallery. Ngai Tahu's chief negociator, Sir Tipene O'Regan is seated centre front. Photographed by an Evening Post staff photographer on the 25th of September 1997.
This incident took place when a bill returning control of greenstone to the South Island's Ngai Tahu tribe was passed in Parliament.
Quantity: 1 colour original negative(s) Single image on negative strip.
Finding Aids: File print in Turnbull Library Pictures Evening Post illustrations file at Ethnology-Haka and Challenges (Cabinet no 7, drawer 4)..


This paper considers the vehicle control process in emergency lane change (ELC). The control method is divided into two parts: before crossing the obstacle and after crossing it. The first part is done by a feed-forward controller inspired by the driver's behavior pattern in the ELC maneuver. This controller is compensated by a neural network system and two proportional-integral (PI) and proportional-derivative (PD) controllers, which correct the output of the feed-forward controller to follow the path more accurately. The second part consists of two PD controllers responsible for controlling and steering the vehicle in the main path after crossing the obstacle. The main novelty of the proposed method is that the computational burden is low because of using a feed-forward controller, which is the main source of the calculation's burden. So as a result, the controller system can cover the ELC maneuver in under 2 seconds in various lateral displacements to bypass the obstacle and prevent collisions. The co-simulations are performed in CarSim software and MATLAB/Simulink, which shows that the control system can appropriately steer the vehicle and follow the desired at different speeds, in the presence of road friction and parameter uncertainty.


The present invention relates to a method for interference reduction in a wireless communication system. The method (MET1), when at least one mobile station (MS1) is connected to the first base station (BS1), and at least one mobile station (MS1) is a first base of the wireless communication system station (BS1) and when located at the second first of overlapping coverage area of the base station (BS1), transmitted by a first base station of a wireless communication system (BS1), with at least one mobile station an indication of the predefined meet quality standards, or greater than the radiation beam (B1, B2, B3, B4), and the step (M1 / 6) received by the processing unit (PU) from at least one mobile station (MS1), at least second at least one mobile station by the base station (BS2) (MS1) or at least one further mobile station (MS2) using a single radio resource Based on the received index to blanking, at least one radio resource is not used by the radiation beam (B1, B2, B3, B4) of at least one with respect to the first base station (BS1), or restriction to be transmitted with the transmission power, and a step (M1 / 10) for determining the processing unit (PU). The present invention is further a processing unit (PU), and to a wireless access network node comprising a processing unit (PU).


We present a method for choosing a member in a global circulation model (GCM) ensemble forecasting. We show that the r2 correlation between members and independent data is related to the flux of information entropy contained into the forecasts. This allows to classify the members in terms of goodness‐of‐fit. To validate the method we use several ECMWF‐ensemble forecast from the DEMETER project, and the ERA‐40 database. We compare ERA‐40 actual estimates with our entropy‐based choice of the DEMETER members in each of the 180 days, obtaining consistent results. Our hypothesis is based on energy‐balance, maximum entropy production considerations so that the method might only be applicable to global simulations.


In rats, administration of phenobarbital, 3-methylcholanthrene, spironolactone, cyproterone acetate or pregnenolone-16a-carbonitrile causes proliferation of the smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum (SER) in hepatocytes, without producing marked changes in other cell organelles. The significance of this SER increase and its relationship to microsomal enzyme induction are discussed.


Known to date means of information protection does not have a high degree of noise immunity and reliability. This work is related to the development of a more effective way to protect the source information using a software-analytical method based on the Vigenère cipher. The best known and most widely used methods of symmetric encryption are DES and the Vigenère cipher. The Vigenère cipher is a polyalphabetic encryption method for alphabetic text by using key words. The Vigenère cipher requires a single key asked a set b of letters. These sets are signed with the repetition of the message, and then the generated sequence is added back to the plaintext on modul (the power of the alphabet). To achieve this goal we propose to use multiple iteration in which the corresponding algorithms of encryption and decryption consist of successive cycles of the same type of encryption. The developed mathematical model for block coding, as well as methods and algorithms for their decoding. Presented in a modified Vigenère algorithm with the use of a block cipher based on variation of number of iteration with shift key, allows, in contrast to the known algorithms that more reliably protect the data on the Web server.


The aim of this paper was to compare dicyandiamide (DCD) and 3,4 dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) as inhibitors of ammonium oxidation and nitrate leaching after applying fertilizer to a maize (Zea mays L.) crop grown under Mediterranean conditions. The effects of nitrification inhibitors were also compared to those of N fertilization without inhibitors and with split N application. In plots fertilized with ammonium sulphate nitrate (ASN), either DCD or DMPP lengthened ammonium presence in soil and produced lower soil NO3 concentrations (30% lower than in plots with no inhibitor). The use of DCD or DMPP achieved significant reductions in nitrate leaching. DCD showed excellent properties for controlling nitrate leaching, taking into account the fact that grain yield and N accumulated by plant were similar for the ASN-DCD and ASN treatments applied at the same N doses. The split N treatment did not offer any advantages in terms of leached nitrate, either with the use of single ammonium sulphate nitrate (ASN) or with single application of nitrification inhibitors. The nitrification inhibitors did not increase the yield but did not reduce it either. The drainage rate was the most important component of nitrate leaching. The low drainage values of the first year resulted in a sharp decline of nitrate leaching. However, the experiment of the second year, showed clear differences in nitrate leaching between treatments due to the greater drainage. Additional key words: dicyandiamide, dimethylpyrazolephosphate, N fertilization, split N application. Resumen


1. Kernel ridge regression In contrast to ordinary least squares which has a cost function J(θ) = 1 2 m i=1 (θ T x (i) − y (i)) 2 , we can also add a term that penalizes large weights in θ. In ridge regression, our least squares cost is regularized by adding a term λθ 2 , where λ > 0 is a fixed (known) constant (regularization will be discussed at greater length in an upcoming course lecutre). The ridge regression cost function is then J(θ) = 1 2 m i=1 (θ T x (i) − y (i)) 2 + λ 2 θ 2. (a) Use the vector notation described in class to find a closed-form expreesion for the value of θ which minimizes the ridge regression cost function. Answer: Using the design matrix notation, we can rewrite J(θ) as J(θ) = 1 2 (Xθ − y) T (Xθ − y) + λ 2 θ T θ. Then the gradient is ∇ θ J(θ) = X T Xθ − X T y + λθ. Setting the gradient to 0 gives us 0 = X T Xθ − X T y + λθ θ = (X T X + λI) −1 X T y. (b) Suppose that we want to use kernels to implicitly represent our feature vectors in a high-dimensional (possibly infinite dimensional) space. Using a feature mapping φ, the ridge regression cost function becomes J(θ) = 1 2 m i=1 (θ T φ(x (i)) − y (i)) 2 + λ 2 θ 2. Making a prediction on a new input x new would now be done by computing θ T φ(x new). Show how we can use the " kernel trick " to obtain a closed form for the prediction on the new input without ever explicitly computing φ(x new). You may assume that the parameter vector θ can be expressed as a linear combination of the input feature vectors; i.e., θ = m i=1 α i φ(x (i)) for some set of parameters α i .


The Link Research—Practice: A Matter of "Ingenium" (Part 3) Continuing the discussion from the previous "Letter From the Editor" (PMJ, December, 2006), I would like to introduce some burning issues that should be considered, in my view, with a greater attention in order to support sound translations between project management research and practice. I will address first the contextual and situational changes in business environment and, second, the implications in terms of research approaches and relationship with practice.


PURPOSE
To determine the amount of waste produced from phacoemulsification surgeries and ways to curtail the problem.

SETTING
Miri Hospital, Sarawak, Malaysia.

DESIGN
Prospective study.

METHODS
Phacoemulsification surgery cases were included in this study; nonphacoemulsification surgeries were excluded. The waste was subdivided into 3 main categories, general waste, clinical waste, and sharps. The waste produced by ophthalmologists and trainees was accounted for separately. The mean weight of waste per case was obtained by dividing the total weight of waste produced with the total number of cases.

RESULTS
The total waste produced from a total of 203 cases of phacoemulsification surgeries was 167.965 kg, of which, 95.063 kg (56.6%) were clinical waste, 63.197 kg (37.6%) were general waste, and 9.705 kg (5.8%) were sharps; 32.193 kg (50.9%) out of the general waste pool were recyclable waste products. The mean waste production per case of phacoemulsification surgery for an ophthalmologist was 0.814 kg, 1.086 kg per case for a trainee. A case of phacoemulsification surgery would produce 0.282 kg of carbon dioxide equivalents in the setup based on the recyclable general waste.

CONCLUSIONS
The average waste produced per case of phacoemulsification surgery in Miri Hospital was 0.827 kg. After excluding the recyclable material, the average waste produced per case was 0.669 kg. Following the 3 R's principles (reduce, reuse, and recycle) in the handling of waste production might reduce environmental impact.


The trip generation analysis for air force bases is presented. Both trip rates and regression equations are developed to project average week-day daily and peak hour, Saturday daily and peak hour, and Sunday daily and peak hour vehicle trip ends on the basis of either total personnel or only military personnel. Also, the average pattern of variation of hourly traffic over the course of a day is presented. The findings of the study will help in the estimation of the traffic impacts of new construction, expansion or reduction of air force bases. Details are given of the study including the data collection (7 bases repesenting varied geographic location, size, etc were studied), analysis of trip generation characteristics (trip rate analysis, regression analysis), directional distribution, comparison with other land uses, and volume patterns.


'Three things cannot be hidden: coughing, poverty and love'. This is originally Yiddish proverb, quoted in many texts and movies, which may well describe the hypersensitive nature of cough (1). The cough reflex is a primary airway defense mechanism against aspiration, but when dysregulated, it becomes a problem commonly presenting as irresistible bouts with hypersensitivity to various innocuous environmental or behavioral triggers (2). Importantly, cough is a common problem in general populations and is the single most common symptom for medical visits (3-5).


By a "Synthetic Medium" is meant a solution which contains only compounds of known composition and structure. Any medium which includes compounds of unknown composition or structure is not a-synthetic medium. This paper deals both with synthetic nutrient solutions, and, with solid synthetic media formed by the precipitation of an agglutinant from compounds of known composition and structure. In the latter case, the agglutinant formed by precipitation from known compounds should have a known structure and composition. We should properly exclude from the list of synthetic media all those which contain substances of unknown composition or structure, such as meat extracts, proteins of unknown structure, agar and gelatine. In order, however, to illustrate the present conception of possible media, the scheme presented includes many compounds of unknown composition and structure, such as the polysaccharids, tannins, glucosides and proteins. These compounds which have either an unknown composition or unknown structure are placed in their logical position in the systematic arrangement, because their decomposition products are more or less known and because in nature *they, or their decomposition products, furnish the principal source of energy to saprophytic microorganisms, and because it may be necessary to fall back upon some of them in order to secure media for such microorganisms as cannot utilize media made of simpler compounds. However, media which contain such compounds of unknown composition or structure cannot properly be classed as synthetic.


The main hypothesis tested here is that the exports of a developing country, with an advanced manufacturing sector, will differ among destinations: the capital intensity of exports will be greater to the more labor abundant destinations, and the labor intensity of exports will be greater to the more capital abundant destinations. India's exports of manufactures for 1973 and 1978 were used for the analysis. The economies of many developing countries, including India, deviate from efficiency conditions. Protection and a higher-than-efficient wage for unskilled labor would tend to bias the structure of production in an economy towards capital intensity and adversely affect the comparative advantage of commodities produced under these distorted conditions. Indian data were used to analyze the impact of protection and labor-market distortions on the structure of production and relative comparative advantage of commodities. The results indicate that protection and higher-than-efficient wages do bias the structure of production toward capital intensity and have a negative impact on the comparative advantage of commodities. However, although the structure of production is affected, the direction of exports is not.


The invention discloses a method for directly synthesizing an organic luminous material, namely 8-hydroxyquinoline zinc. The method comprises the following steps of 1, mixing and grinding materials, and 2, performing hot melting reaction. In the step 1, anhydrous zinc acetate and 8-hydroxyquinoline, serving as raw materials, are added to a ball grinder according to a mole ratio of 1:2 and ground for 1h; absolute ethyl alcohol is added dropwise in a grinding process; the dosage of absolute ethyl alcohol is 1 drip/g; and the dropwise adding speed meeting the requirement that no starchiness appears is preferred. In the step2, after a vacuum drier is vacuumed till the vacuum degree is minus 0.08MP, the ground raw materials are transferred to the vacuum drier, then heated to 90-110 DEG C for 2-3h, cooled to the room temperature and discharged; and 8-quinophenol zinc with the purity of 97-99% is obtained. The method has the advantages of simplicity in operation, high productive rate, low cost, no waste liquid, environmental protection.


The steady excitation of an ion-pair charge-transfer band of 1-octadecyl-4-(4-nitrostyryl)pyridium tetraphenylborate formed a fairly stable 1-octadecyl-4-(4-nitrostyryl)pyridinyl radical accompanying, for the first time, a charge resonance band owing to its interaction with a parent cation at room temperature in organic solutions.


Learning a foreign language consists of a lot of practice with continuous feedback. In this process, language teachers are always confronted with students' errors. The purpose of this paper is to analyse categorical errors of Korean students learning English as a foreign language in a special context. The study analyzed Korean midshipmen's writing errors in English class and surveyed the effect of the treatment using pre- and post-testing. Twenty-three midshipmen participated in the research. Error types were categorized in advance, in detail, and the students' paired errors were analyzed with the SPSS program. Moreover, the relationship between proficiency and error rates was compared. For this comparison, the students' TEPS scores were used. Many Korean ESL teachers will get valuable insight from the analysis, treatment, and findings.


: Biological apatite found in the bone and teeth of mammals contains various ions, such as Na + , K + , Mg 2+ , F - and CO 32- . We have previously developed porous hydroxyapatite ceramics, containing bone minerals (bone HAp). These ceramics showed great bone-forming ability and bio-resorbability; however, their mechanical strengths were in sufficient for clinical application. Thus, we focused on the refinement of raw material powder to improve the strength of the resulting bone HAp ceramics. In particular, we clarified the effect of ball milling time on sinterability of the bone HAp powder. Among the prepared samples, the most easily sinterable powder was prepared after ball milling for 1 hour. This powder showed the smallest particle size with a particle size distribution that was close to a uniform distribution. The compressive strengths of Bone HAp ceramics from powders prepared by ball-milling for 30 minutes and 1 hour were of 55.7 MPa and 63.1 MPa, respectively. (Received


Abstract Tensions are functions p: E→ℝ defined on the aic set E of a directed graph satisfying p(C +)=p(C –) for all cycles C in G, where C + and C – are the sels of arcs having the opposite and the same direction as C, respectively. A min cost tension minimizes the linear cost . We develop tsvo algorithms for finding a min cost tension: the negative cut algorithm and the shortest augmenting cut algorithm. Both, negative and shortest augmenting cuts, can be found by means of lower capacitated network flows. An application to totally unimodular restricted linear programs is sketched.


We embed time inconsistent agents (players) in non-cooperative games. To solve such games, we introduce two solution concepts, which we refer to as equilibrium and naive backwards induction. When all players are sophisticated time inconsistent, these solution concepts are equivalent and coincide with the standard notions of SPNE and backwards induction (in finite games of perfect information). When some players are naive time inconsistent, however, these solution concepts (may, and most likely will) lead to different predictions. We apply these solution concepts on two well-known economic applications, the alternating-offers bargaining game and the durable good monopoly, and we explore their relative strengths and weaknesses.


This paper investigates the high efficient walking problem of a planar compass-like biped robot with massless feet. The walking manner with the stance foot allowed to rotate about the toe, is considered. A latch attached to the hip is introduced to lock the hip joint, which works when the hip joint retracts to a desired angle, and spring devices are equipped at the ankle joints to reduce the inputs of the ankles. After modeling the walking robot as a hybrid system with multiple continuous state spaces, a high efficient walking gait limit cycle is found using the method of Poincare shooting with the objective of minimizing the dimensionless specific mechanical cost of transport. Then, an event-based feedback control law is proposed to stabilize the high efficient walking gait. The validity of our control strategies is illustrated by a series of numerical simulations.


Consideration of whether the proceeding for a finding of fact after a person is found unfit to plead is consistent with Article 6 of the European Convention of Human Rights.


An unexpected mode of binding to DNA is revealed in two crystal structures of a transcription factor that is essential for many signalling pathways in eukaryotic cells.


Ecological environment protection is one of the important contents for man to realize his sustainable development.This paper makes an analysis of the status quo of the ecological environment of the Northeastern China and the main causes that lead to the current environment problems,and suggests some measures to perfect the legal mechanism for protection of environmental resources of the Northeast.


Secretoglobin SCGB1A1 is a protein produced by airway epithelium secretory cells (club cells or Clara cells) and other epithelial cells of the respiratory and urogenital tracts. Secretoglobin family 1A member 1 (SCGB1A1) refers to as secretoglobin superfamily and participates in maintaining homeostasis under the oxidative stress, inflammation, autoimmune diseases and carcinogenesis. It is a multifunctional protein with antiinflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. It also has antichemotactic, antiallergic, antineoplastic, and grow thstimulatory embryonic activities. SCGB1A1 gene polymorphism appears to be associated with several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. These properties could be useful for diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory, autoimmune and allergic diseases.


Abstract : The ability to test BW detection gear in all stages of development (lab bench, test chamber, and field) and to train using the gear in realistic situations is a cornerstone of biological defense research and operations. Better simulants will allow higher quality and more reproducible testing, as well as more realism in testing and training. There is currently only one virus widely accepted for low-level containment or field release in the study of biological detection, the bacteriophage MS2. While MS2 has been used for decades in the bio-defense research, development, testing, and evaluation communities in lieu of actual viral threat agents, MS2 is less than ideal for several reasons. It is not the same size as most of the recognized threat agents. It does not have the same capsid structure as many viruses of eukaryotes, and the size of the capsid is considerably smaller than many animal viruses. In particular, it is not similar in nearly every respect to any of the orthopoxviruses, a family that includes viral agents of concern. Poxviruses have a virion particle size 20-40 times longer and wider than MS2, has both enveloped and non-enveloped forms (whereas MS2 has only a single virion particle form), and has a doublestranded DNA genome (while the MS2 genome is singlestranded RNA).


We investigated the phenomenon of lightning strokes on 500-kV transmission lines from 1984 to 1993. The investigation covered the recording of lightning paths by still cameras and measurements of lightning current at the lower part of transmission tower on 31 towers, over a 12.7-km-long section of the transmission line. We also observed lightning on an isolated tower at a nuclear power station.

In the course of lightning observations spanning a 10-year period, we have confirmed the suitability of the lightning protection design on transmission lines. The distribution of lightning incidence angle (θ) expressed in terms of (cosmθ) was characterized by exponent m = 2 for the three-dimensional observations and m = 3.5 for the two-dimensional observations. No cases of shielding failure on 500-kV transmission lines were observed. The ratio of lightning current at the top of the isolated tower to the lower part was about 11 to 1. In addition, the lightning current waveform at the top of the isolated tower was similar to that at the lower part. © 1999 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 130(2): 59–67, 2000


We provide a rate balancing technique with mixed Quality of Services (QoS) requirement for an underlay multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) cognitive radio network (CRN). Specifically, we have considered an optimization criterion such that a set of SUs are required to achieve a target data rate whilst the data rates for the remaining SUs are to be balanced. This problem with a mixed QoS requirement in the broadcast channel (BC) cannot be solved directly due to a coupled structure of the transmitted covariance matrices. Hence, we solve an equivalent multiple access channel (MAC) problem using BC-MAC duality and subgradient method. An iterative algorithm is proposed to determine the transmit covariance matrices. The convergence analysis and simulation results are provided to validate the proposed algorithm.


A 71-year-oldwomanwas admitted to our hospital in October 2009 with a 3-month history of severe diarrhea and weight loss of 5kg with hypoalbuminemia. Computed tomography showed diffusely thickened small-intestinal wall and intra-abdominal lymphadenopathy. Capsule endoscopy revealed flattened villi throughout the small intestine (●" Fig.1). Double-balloon enteroscopy confirmed diffusely atrophic small-intestinal villi and clearly visible Peyer's patches (●" Fig.2). No neoplastic changes were observed on hematoxylin and eosin staining of the small-intestinal mucosa, but atrophic villous structures tentatively suggested celiac disease (●" Fig.3). Although blood tests indicated positivity for anti-gliadin antibodies, celiac diseasewas excludedas thepatient's symptomswere not alleviated by being on a gluten-free diet for 1month. On the basis of suspected small-intestinal lymphoproliferative disorder we checked for Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection. High anti-EBV VCA-IgG and EA-IgG titers accompanied by a very high EBV-DNA load in the peripheral blood (6.3×105 copies/mL) suggested chronic active EBV infection. Southern blot analysis of EBV terminal repeats revealed monoclonal proliferation of the EBV-infected cells, which were shown by fluorescenceactivated cell sorting (FACS) analysis to be CD4+T cells. EBV-encoded RNA in situ hybridization indicated a marked increase in the number of EBV-infected cells in the small-intestinal mucosa (●" Fig.4). Taken Fig.1 Capsule endoscopy findings in the small intestine. a Villous atrophy and flattening were found throughout the small intestine. b Red spots were observed in the lower small intestine.


A formulation is presented to treat the electron–lattice scattering in impure metals. This formulation considers the effect of discrete lattice structure beyond that of nearly free electron approximation. Within the formulation, we examine the consequence of positional shift of impurities from ideal lattice sites. We find that the positional deviation of impurities affects the electron–lattice scattering and enhances it when compared to that in an ideal lattice structure with only substitutional impurities. This finding explains recent experimental observation of enhanced electron–lattice scattering in impure metals.


Abstract
Optimum condition for Nigella sativa seeds oil and its bioactive compound, thymoquinone (TQ) using supercritical fluid carbon dioxide extraction (SCFE-CO2), were investigated. The optimization process was


During the starting process of turbofan engine,the optimization of fuel supply in main combustor is an important key technology of successful start.According to the components characteristics of main combustor,and considering the accuracy of the engine control system,this paper puts forward a design method of asymptotic ignition for fuel supply control law.The method mainly includes the basic fuel quantity,the rate of rise and maximum of ignition fuel supply.Based on this,the judgment conditions of successful ignition are presented.It is applied to a certain type of turbofan engine.With the analysis of ground test,simulated altitude test and test flight,the method is proved to be more practical and effective.


Accept: 25 Apr, 2018  Abatract Background and Objectives: Hospital accreditation is used as a tool to improve the quality and safety of patients. The effectiveness of accreditation depends on the content of the standards. Considering the role of executive management team of hospitals in the implementation of accreditation standards, this research was conducted with the purpose of evaluating the viewpoint of executive management team of hospitals of Qom province in terms of the third generation of accreditation of hospitals.


Make your school soar by escalating trust between teachers, students, and families Trust is an essential element in all healthy relationships, and the relationships that exist in your school are no different. How can your school leaders or teachers cultivate trust? How can your institution maintain trust once it is established? These are the questions addressed and answered in Trust Matters: Leadership for Successful Schools, 2nd Edition. The book delves into the helpful research that has been conducted on the topic of trust in school. Although rich with research data, Trust Matters also contains practical advice and strategies ready to be implemented. This second edition expands upon the role of trust between teachers and students, teachers and administrators, and schools and families.


Abstract Background: Combined resections of the liver and pancreas are related to high complication and mortality rates. The present study assessed the outcome of these procedures and identified specific risk factors for morbidity and mortality. Methods: Between January 2001 and April 2012, 28 combined liver/pancreas resections were performed at our institution. All patients were retrospectively analysed using a database with regards to baseline characteristics, surgical procedures, complications and survival. Results: Among the pancreatic resections, there were 12 (42.9%) Kausch–Whipple (KW), 9 (32.1%) pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (PPPD), 6 (21.4%) distal pancreatectomies (DP) and 1 (3.6%) total pancreaticoduodenectomy (TPD). In 12 (48.9%) cases, major complications (grade IIIb–V) were observed. Overall survival was 35 months (SD = 40.5) and the 3-year survival rate was 35.7% (1-year survival rate: 50%). Discussion: Combined resections of the liver and pancreas are associated with high complication rates, especially if major liver resections are performed. Therefore, it is mandatory to do a thorough evaluation of potential patients.


The burrowing, predatory snail Euspira lewisii is being removed from intertidal habitats due to its reputation as an economically damaging species to shellfish aquaculture. Here, the objectives were to examine feeding ecology and determine the functional role of a poorly understood species. Feeding experiments and shell assemblages showed distinct prey preferences, avoidance of the commercially valuable Manila clam, a low, species-dependent feeding rate and a limited yearly consumption of the clam population. Exclusion experiments demonstrated increased sediment compaction, silt content and nutrient accumulations and decreased water content when E. lewisii is absent. Homogenized biological communities in cages resembled less diverse areas. These results demonstrate that E. lewisii is a low impact predator and acts as an ecosystem engineer to the benefit of other organisms. These results can be used to advise shellfish growers that control measures are not necessary and they will benefit from the maintenance of a healthy ecosystem.


The `New Liberation Area`, a newly acquired territory by the Korean War, was managed under the special interest of the North Korean government. As the front line changed a number of times, the composition of the residents of kaesong became massed up and the democratic reforms implemented in July 1950 were practically impossible to maintain. In particular, the land reform, which is considered to be the core of democratic reform, has reached the point where many people can not prove land ownership due to population movements. Since 1951, we have clarified the land ownership through the land survey project and confirmed the economic condition of the census. Due to war, the inhabitants were forced to maintain a poor economic situation, and the North Korean government provided the region with plenty of economic benefits, including direct food supply to stabilize the area and life. The `New Liberation Area` gradually stabilized, and on the other hand, it spread anti-espionage struggle through political education. The problem of the party and the government which can not be convinced of the political stance of the residents of the border region appeared as education of political and it was a response to the infiltration of many spies in reality. The issued citizenship process was a project that verified the citizenship of the citizens and guaranteed their legal status. The presence of citizens` certificates and other certificates became the basis for verifying the political stance of the residents, including the family who heads had fled to the south. The inhabitants of the socialist system had to adapt to the socialist economic system, which led to the secondary production cooperative. In reality, the situation in which the land can not be seen is forced to continue its production activities in the form of mutual assistance. The Party and the government organized a low-level cooperative model to apply to the Jungdong village to organize a step 1 livestock cooperative association. In December 1953, it developed into a step 2 cooperative and became a cooperative that included the agricultural sector. It was developed into step 2 by the efforts of the members, mainly the party members, and the participation of the poor farmers began to increase. Family who heads had fled to the south opted for `patriotic` labor as a way to secure their labor power and to be aware of their own position and overcome social discrimination. In this process, there was a crisis of secession of the union members, but active party and government aid resulted in controlling the union, and the step 3 cooperative were completed by the veterans and party members. After that, diversification of the production account maximizes the profit of the union and improves the economic condition of the union, and it becomes a representative model farming cooperative of the region. Agricultural cooperation in Jungdong village is the process of incorporating the residents of kaesong, the `New Liberation Area`, into the socialist economic system. The North Korean government proved the superiority of the socialist system and showed a part of the competition of the DPRK and South Korean regime, and it can be evaluated as the real- ization of the economic policy prospect of the South after the unification of North Korea in the 1950s.


Display unit (1) in a motor vehicle, comprising an analog, discrete tachometer whose size and position are fixed, and a freely programmable display area (5) which is arranged next to the tachometer (2), wherein the freely programmable display area (5) has a first portion (6) has, wherein the first region (6) comprises first ads that are permanently displayed and second display includes displayed situational, the size and local position of the first and second displays are permanently assigned, wherein the first and second ads are designed as analog, digital and / or pictogram shaped displays, and a second portion (7) has, on the different place, time and size to variable digital and / or pictogram form displays are displayed, wherein, when a representation of a digital navigation map or a representation of travel data in the second area (7), an icon (13) for the choice Saddle lterstellung an automatic transmission is represented in the first region and in a representation for a simulated rotational speed sensor (15) in the second area (7) the pictogram ...


Some problems of the classification of Phytolacca has been raised after reviewing the history of the classification of Phytolacca and analyzing its classification system. After analyzing the distribution^s characters of Phytolacca, the results show that the genus Phytolacca^s distribution and differentiation center is at the middle-south Americs, the second differentiation center is at the Asia; and all of the endemic species are neoendemism. According to the distribution, the genus Phytolaccais an ancient genus, but its differentiation began later. The opinion that the distribution^s characters should be considered in the genus^s classification was raised.


Recent studies have revealed that water‐dispersible colloids play an important role in the transport of nutrients and contaminants in soils. In this study, water‐dispersible colloids extracted from saline–alkali soils have been characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and UV absorption spectra. AFM observation indicated that the water‐dispersible colloids contain some large plates and many small spherical particles. XRD, XPS, and UV absorption measurement revealed that the water‐dispersible colloids are composed of kaolinite, illite, calcite, quartz and humic acid. In addition, UV absorption measurement demonstrated that the humic acids are associated with clay minerals. Water‐dispersible colloids in the saline–alkali soils after hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride treatment and an agricultural soil (nonsaline–alkali soil) were also investigated for comparison. The obtained results implied that the saline–alkali condition facilitates the formation of a large quantity of colloids. The use of AFM combined with spectrometric methods in the present study provides new knowledge on the colloid characteristics of saline–alkali soils. Microsc. Res. Tech. 79:525–531, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


A dynamic network of metabolic adaptations, inflammatory responses, and redox homeostasis is known to drive tumor progression. A considerable overlap among these processes exists, but several of their key regulators remain unknown. To this end, here we investigated the role of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β in connecting these processes in glioma cells. We found that glucose starvation sensitizes glioma cells to IL-1β–induced apoptosis in a manner that depended on reactive oxygen species (ROS). Although IL-1β–induced JNK had no effect on cell viability under glucose deprivation, it mediated nuclear translocation of hexokinase 2 (HK2). This event was accompanied by increases in the levels of sirtuin 6 (SIRT6), nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2), and xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR). SIRT6 not only induced ROS-mediated cell death but also facilitated nuclear Nrf2–HK2 interaction. Recruitment of the Nrf2–HK2 complex to the ARE site on XOR promoter regulated its expression. Importantly, HK2 served as transcriptional coactivator of Nrf2 to regulate XOR expression, indicated by decreased XOR levels in siRNA-mediated Nrf2 and HK2 knockdown experiments. Our results highlight a non-metabolic role of HK2 as transcriptional coactivator of Nrf2 to regulate XOR expression under conditions of proinflammatory and metabolic stresses. Our insights also underscore the importance of nuclear activities of HK2 in the regulation of genes involved in redox homeostasis.


In the article there is proved the possibility of using ortho-phosphoric acid with special emulsifiers instead of hydrochloric acid – for the production of road cationic slow-setting bitumen emulsions. There is ascertained the difference between used for bitumen emulsions distilled binder (Nybit E85 bitumen), produced from heavy crude oil, and oxidized bitumens (grade 70/100 bitumen produced by JSC Mozyr Refinery and grade BND 60/90 bitumen of JSC UkrTatNafta), produced from light crude oil. The difference is analyzed between physical-mechanical indices of distilled and oxidized bitumens. Eight bitumen emulsion formulations were developed based on usage hydrochloric acid, three bitumens and three emulsifiers (Redicote E-11, Redicote 404 and Redicote E-4875), as well as four formulations based on usage of ortho-phosphoric acid, two bitumens and two emulsifiers (Redicote EM44 and Redicote C-320). There was investigated the influence of hydrochloric and ortho-phosphoric acids upon the physical-technical indices of road cationic slow-setting bitumen emulsions and the difference was ascertained between the indices of bitumen emulsions based on distilled and oxidized bitumens. Bitumen emulsion formulations were developed based on usage of ortho-phosphoric acid and special emulsifiers for the class of cationic slow-setting emulsions for slurry seal and microsurfacing mixtures.


Abstract : This is Part 2 of a document which describes a Programmable Algorithm Machine(PAM). Possible application areas for the PAM, proposed in Part 1, Theory, are discussed. A configuration of PAM using special processors is presented and special processor requirements are discussed. PAM characteristics are also discussed briefly. Three application areas for PAM are illustrated: (1) arithmetic algorithms (LORAN), (2) signal processing (Fast Fourier Transform), and (3) structured information processing (character string manipulation and array processing). (Author)


This is the second collection from this young woman poet, who was one of the founder members of the New Chatto Poets. A selection of her work has appeared in Faber's 20th century women's poetry anthology. Selima Hill has published one previous collection of poems, "Saying Hello at the Station"(Chatto, 1984).


Different evaluations and research carried out between 1950 and 1970 showed that undernutrition and poverty during the early years of life were the main cause for early mortality (50% of all deaths in children 0 to 15 years of age) and permanent damage in those who survived. These were a "hidden threat" which hampered the advancement to equal opportunity and the socioeconomic improvement of the country. Making people aware of this reality was crucial to implement interventions to prevent the damage to children before and after birth.


A model is presented for the ion distribution function in a plasma at a solid target with a magnetic field $\boldsymbol {B}$ inclined at a small angle, $\alpha \ll 1$ (in radians), to the target. Adiabatic electrons are assumed, requiring $\alpha \gg \sqrt {Zm_{e}/m_{i}}$, where $m_{e}$ and $m_{i}$ are the electron and ion mass, respectively, and $Z$ is the charge state of the ion. An electric field $\boldsymbol {E}$ is present to repel electrons, and so the characteristic size of the electrostatic potential $\phi$ is set by the electron temperature $T_{e}$, $e\phi \sim T_{e}$, where $e$ is the proton charge. An asymptotic scale separation between the Debye length $\lambda _{D} = \sqrt {\epsilon _0 T_{{e}} / e^{2} n_{{e}} }$, the ion sound gyro-radius $\rho _{s} = \sqrt { m_{i} ( ZT_{e} + T_{i} ) } / (ZeB)$ and the size of the collisional region $d_{c} = \alpha \lambda _{\textrm {mfp}}$ is assumed, $\lambda _{D} \ll \rho _{s} \ll d_{c}$. Here $\epsilon _0$ is the permittivity of free space, $n_{e}$ is the electron density, $T_{i}$ is the ion temperature, $B= |\boldsymbol {B}|$ and $\lambda _{\textrm {mfp}}$ is the collisional mean free path of an ion. The form of the ion distribution function is assumed at distances $x$ from the wall such that $\rho _{s} \ll x \ll d_{c}$, that is, collisions are not treated. A self-consistent solution of the electrostatic potential for $x \sim \rho _{s}$ is required to solve for the quasi-periodic ion trajectories and for the ion distribution function at the target. The large gyro-orbit model presented here allows to bypass the numerical solution of $\phi (x)$ and results in an analytical expression for the ion distribution function at the target. It assumes that $\tau =T_{i}/(ZT_{e})\gg 1$, and ignores the electric force on the quasi-periodic ion trajectory until close to the target. For $\tau \gtrsim 1$, the model provides an extremely fast approximation to energy–angle distributions of ions at the target. These can be used to make sputtering predictions.


Based on previous studies on research evaluation of universities in China,the principle for constructing chinese university research evaluation indicator system is analyzed,and quantitative and non quantitative evaluation indexes are proposed combined with the current situation of China. In order to provide some references for constructing the research evaluation systems in universities in China,the quantitative index system is analyzed and tested by using analytic hierarchy process( AHP).


A non-linear model for the steady-state coupled pitch-yaw-rolling motion of a rocket in free-flight is presented. The long-term angular motion of a slightly asymmetric missile having non-linear transverse aerodynamics is assumed to be harmonic. The amplitude-rate and phase-rate equations of the steady-state response to the aerodynamic trim are obtained. The non-linear rolling motion, including an induced roll moment by the trim angle that can cause lock-in at resonance, is coupled to the transverse equation of motion to yield steady resonant lock-in solutions. The stability of the equilibrium points is subsequently determined through the character of the solutions of a fifth-order linear variational system. Finally several comparisons with three-degree-of-freedom computations are made and the effective dimensionality of the state-space formulation is discussed.


The rate at which the equilibrium concentration of vacancies is generated during pulsing to elevated temperatures was studied in gold. Thin single-crystal slabs were gas-pulsed (\ensuremath{\sim}1250\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C ${\mathrm{sec}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$) into the range 875-920\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C, held for short periods of time, and then down-quenched in order to trap the generated vacancies. The vacancies were detected by precipitating them as observable vacancy tetrahedra. Also, polycrystalline foils (grain radius \ensuremath{\sim}150-175 \ensuremath{\mu}) were electrically pulsed (\ensuremath{\sim}18\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{3}$ \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C ${\mathrm{sec}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$) to 653 and 878\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. In this case the generated vacancies were detected by their resistance at 4.2\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The densities of all possible vacancy sources (specimen surfaces, grain boundaries, subgrain walls, and free dislocations in the usual 3-dimensional network) were measured in the pulsed specimens. Knowing the shape of the thermal pulse, the diffusion problem of the maximum possible inward flux of vacancies from the various sources was solved and compared with experiment. A temperature-dependent monovacancy diffusion coefficient and time-dependent equilibrium boundary conditions at the sources were assumed. The results indicated that (1) free dislocations were the predominant sources; (2) the average free dislocation operated as an efficient source. In fact, the specimen filled up at a rate which was as large as 0.1 to 0.2 of the rate calculated on the assumption that vacancy equilibrium was maintained at all times along all free dislocation cores.


Micron-sized presolar carbon spheres condensed before the origin of our solar system, in the atmosphere of asymptotic giant branch stars from carbon atoms dredged up following nucleosynthesis in the stellar interior, have been extracted by dissolution from primitive carbonaceous chondrite meteorites, identified by noble-gas and major-element isotopic analysis, and available to electron microscopists on earth for over two decades [1-4]. Some of these spheres appear to consist of graphite condensed on carbide grains, but others instead show "graphite-onion" rims that surround a spherical-core of unlayeredgraphene i.e. carbon that in diffraction shows graphite (hk0) spacings only. The high spatial-frequency tail of these graphene lines [5] suggests a graphene-sheet coherence width in the 4-nm size range [1], consistent with electron-phase-contrast images of single (sometimes segmented) edge-on sheets [2,4].


Significance Genetic reassortment is one of the main mechanisms by which pandemic viruses emerge during influenza A coinfection, but little is known about the molecular mechanisms affecting this process. Here, we studied genetic reassortment between a human and an avian influenza A strain, focusing on the generation of reassortant viruses containing the avian HA gene, which have pandemic potential. We found that this genetic process was strongly biased, and we show that packaging signals are crucial for genetic reassortment and that suboptimal compatibility between the segment-specific packaging signals of the two parental viruses limits the emergence of reassortant viruses. The fragmented nature of the influenza A genome allows the exchange of gene segments when two or more influenza viruses infect the same cell, but little is known about the rules underlying this process. Here, we studied genetic reassortment between the A/Moscow/10/99 (H3N2, MO) virus originally isolated from human and the avian A/Finch/England/2051/91 (H5N2, EN) virus and found that this process is strongly biased. Importantly, the avian HA segment never entered the MO genetic background alone but always was accompanied by the avian PA and M fragments. Introduction of the 5′ and 3′ packaging sequences of HAMO into an otherwise HAEN backbone allowed efficient incorporation of the chimerical viral RNA (vRNA) into the MO genetic background. Furthermore, forcing the incorporation of the avian M segment or introducing five silent mutations into the human M segment was sufficient to drive coincorporation of the avian HA segment into the MO genetic background. These silent mutations also strongly affected the genotype of reassortant viruses. Taken together, our results indicate that packaging signals are crucial for genetic reassortment and that suboptimal compatibility between the vRNA packaging signals, which are detected only when vRNAs compete for packaging, limit this process.


High resolution wavelength-tunable lasers are essential to sensing applications. For sensing applications, high resolution is needed to improve the spatial resolution and/or measurement accuracy, and fast tuning (sweeping) is required to enhance the measurement speed for dynamic sensing. However the demand of high resolution conflicts with the requirement of fast continuous wavelength tuning. The solution to this issue is tuning the wavelength of the output in a quasi-continuous way in which the length of each step is dependent on the frequency of a RF generator which is used to drive a single-sideband (SSB) modulator in the wavelength-swept optical system. In this paper, a principle of the step-tunable wavelength-swept optical system is proposed and demonstrated. The two optical features of narrow bandwidth and fairly high optical output power make the system unique for improving the accuracy of the measurement of the center-wavelength of a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor. In addition, changing the tuning-step by adjusting the frequency of a RF generator electrically is user-friendly compared to the conventional wavelength swept systems by tuning optical elements mechanically.


Exploration falls into several stages. In the first stage regional geological and geophysical studies account for all the expenditures. In the second stage in addition to the regional studies, structures are prepared for deep drilling and wildcat drilling begins. Stage two ends with the first discovery. In stage 3 delineation drilling is carried out along with other forms of exploration. In most areas the first discoveries are small. Stage four is marked by a steady increase in the share of delineation drilling and a corresponding decrease in other forms. Stage five is characterized by a high share of expenditure on delineation drilling, but then in stage six there is a drop in delineation drilling and an increase in wildcatting.


SUMMARY Brazil's heritage buildings were built using different types of natural stone. These include sandstone, limestone, quartzite, granite and gneiss, steatite (soapstone) and schist. Historic buildings are located in cities such as Recife, Olinda, Salvador, Rio de Janeiro, Congonhas and Ouro Preto; some are over 300 years old. They show evidence of different alteration and decay processes, with the latter leading to a loss of value, due to physical and chemical modifications in intrinsic properties of the natural stones used. Consequently, these buildings function as open-air laboratories, and thus contribute to the study of deterioration in such monuments. Ongoing investigation of alteration and decay reveals that they are affected by a diverse group of processes, partly under strong lithological influence. This understanding will contribute to the choice of preservation methods that will be applied in order to arrest degradation. RESUME Les edifices classes bresiliens ont ete batis en roches variees. On a employe des gres, des calcaires, quartzites, granites, gneiss, ainsi que la steatite et des schistes. Les bâtiments historiques, dont certains ont plus de 300 ans, se trouvent dans des villes comme Recife, Olinda, Salvador, Rio de Janeiro, Congonhas et Ouro Preto. Ils presentent les marques de differents processus d'alteration et de deterioration, ce dernier conduisant a une perte de valeur, en raison de modifications physiques et chimiques dans les proprietes intrinseques des pierres naturelles utilisees. De la sorte, ces bâtiments fonctionnent comme des laboratoires a ciel ouvert et contribuent a l'etude des modalites de degradation des monuments. L'etude en cours des phenomenes d'alteration et de decomposition revele la diversite des processus en cours et leur relation avec la lithologie. La reconnaissance de ces phenomenes aidera a choisir les methodes de conservation destinees a bloquer la degradation.


Because of its high diffusivity in silicon, aluminum is best suited for deep diffusions often required in high‐voltage‐power semiconductor devices. The ion implantation technique allows the reproducible low dosage doping necessary, e.g., for the new concepts of junction termination systems. The most important drawback of using aluminum as a p‐type dopant in silicon is its low electrical activity after the anneal. In order to obtain a deeper insight into the mechanisms responsible for the loss of the electrical activity, we have studied the states of aluminum implanted into silicon before and after annealing by means of spreading resistance, secondary‐ion mass spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and energy‐dispersive x‐ray techniques. The case study presented here [Czochralski grown (100) silicon, implanted dose 3×1015 cm−2, junction depth 6 μm] reveals that the major source for the loss of the electrical activity is out‐diffusion, i.e., segregation into the native silicon oxide layer and/or ev...


The modified WQF-500 FTIR spectrometer from the Second Optical Instrumental Factory and an accessory(SpecTech)of mid-IR fiber optics with an ATR probe were used to detect the skin covering a parotid gland using. In this investigation, forty patients with tumor of salivary gland were performed with FTIR fiber optics measurement. The differential diagnosis from the obtained FTIR spectra of benign and malignant tumors of salivary gland was compared with pathological diagnosis, which is considered as the standard. Good agreements were found between the results of pathological diagnosis and those of spectral detection. The results show that the difference lied in the obtained FTIR spectra of the skin covering benign and malignant tumors of salivary gland and normal parotid gland. And the difference can be characterized by the band width, peak position and peak intensity. Based on the difference of the bands in the range of 1500—1000 cm-1, malignant tumor can be classified into two types. The first type of tumor(for example acinic cell carcinoma, oxyphilic cell adenocarcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma and so on) possesses the above spectra feature. Along with the variation of species(for example malignant lymphoma, lympho-epithelial carcinoma and so on), great changes take place in band width, peak position and relative intensity of the bands between 1500 and 1000 cm-1 in spectra of the other kind of malignant tumor. So the FT-mid-IR spectroscopy is a promising technique which will become a non-invasive, quick, accurate and convenient method to diagnose malignant and benign tumor of salivary gland early.


JOINT changes associated with diseases of the central nervous system were first described by Charcot. At first these changes were considered peculiar to tabes dorsalis and syringomelia, but with ex...


As a consequence of the growing interest in the development of V/STOL aircraft technology, efforts are being made to create new designs for a propulsion system which can be operated over a wide range of flight speeds, incidence angles, and throttle settings. In connection with these efforts, various inlet configurations have been proposed. The high experimental costs incurred in the study of various inlet geometries, led to the employment of a computational method for the investigation of inlets. Attention is given to the computer program, paneling and surface static pressure, surface flow pattern, and the inlet flow field. The reported investigation demonstrates that useful information for initial screenings may be obtained from potential flow calculations.


Pseudochoutagus curvativus, a new genus and species of Issidae (Hemiptera) is described based on specimens from Hainan, China. The genus is compared to the superficially similar genus Choutagus Zhang, Wang and Che.


Abstract  These days computers are common tools, even housekeepers use them to administrate and plan ahead their expenses. So, activities like research and teaching are not exceptions, for these, powerful and small computers, commonly named Lap-Tops, are used to solve intricate and complicated problems that were enormous time consumed in the past. To solve chemical equilibrium problems where more than six species are involved, and where non-ideal conditions have to be considered is a task that necessarily demands the use of a mathematical method and a computer. Although there is available commercial software to quickly solve these problems, they are expensive and in some instances their use requires some training. In its absence is common to recur to solving methods like Newton-Raphson. The latter, however, because of the extremely big or small quantities generated during convergence to a solution can conduce either to an overburden or at an erroneous solution. This paper uses the so-called equilibrium constant approach in conjunction with the mass conservation to define a set of linear-non-linear equations that can then be solved by applying the "Arithmetic-Geometric Equality". The method transforms those linear equations to non-linear which can then be linearized in log space, this reduces the possibility of overburden and converges faster.  Resumen  Hoy dia las computadoras son de uso comun; aun las amas de casas suelen usarlas con fines de administrar y planear su gasto. De manera que, actividades como la investigacion y ensenanza, no son la excepcion; para estas, pequenas y poderosas computadoras, comunmente llamadas Laptops, son usadas para resolver intrincados y complicados problemas que en el pasado consumian enorme cantidad de tiempo. Resolver problemas de equilibrio quimico es una tarea que necesariamente demanda el uso de metodos numericos y una computadora. Aun cuando existen una gran diversidad de softwares comerciales que facil y rapidamente son capaces de resolver estos problemas, en su mayoria son caros y en ocasiones su uso requiere de entrenamiento. A falta de ellos es comun recurrir a metodos de solucion como Newton-Raphson. Este ultimo, sin embargo, debido a las muy grandes o pequenas cantidades generadas durante el proceso de convergencia a una solucion, puede conducir a un desbordamiento o a una solucion erronea. Este articulo usa la llamada aproximacion constante de equilibrio en conjunto con la de conservacion de masa para definir una serie de ecuaciones no-lineales que son entonces resueltas aplicando la "Igualdad Aritmetica-Geometrica",  metodo que transforma las ecuaciones lineales en nolineales, las cuales pueden ser entonces linearizadas en el espacio logaritmico, esto reduce la posibilidad de desbordamiento y el tiempo de convergencia.


An investigation into the ligand exchange reaction of bipyridine with Ni(EDDA) and Ni(trien) has led to proposed mechanisms based on steric and electronic effects. Kinetic studies show that the rate order dependence of bipyridine is different for the two reactions implying a slightly different mechanism for the bulkier trien. Both mechanisms involve unwrapping of the tetradentate ligand as the rate-determining step. This unwrapping is faster in acidic solution, because protonation of the amine groups inhibits recoordination of the ligand to the nickel. The rates for bipyridine exchange were significantly faster than for phenanthroline, suggesting an electronic ligand effect.


What does it mean to be a younger brother with one older brother and no other siblings? What is like going through live with only one sibling and having that sibling be there before you? To the older sibling you are the interloper and to you, the feelings are complicated. This qualitative research interviewed eight younger brothers who had no other sibling beside their older brother. The five experiences expressed by the younger brother included: a search for his own identity, being older brothers protege, a relationship that is developmental, feeling competitive and feeling responsible. While not every brother experienced each feeling, they all had a unique story to tell.


The conditions for the formation of nanocomposites based on the basis of lattice packings of SiO2 nanospheres (opal matrices) with included crystallites of lead titanates (PbTiO3 and PbTi3O7) in interspherical nanospacing are considered. For the formation of nanocomposites are used sample opal matrices with dimensions of single-domain regions ≥0,1 mm.3 The diameter of SiO2 nanospheres was ∼260 nm. Obtained nanocomposites volume >2 cm3 in filling >20% of interspherical nanospacing PbTiO3, PbTi3O7 crystallites were size of 16-36 nm. Using X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy are studied composition and structural stability when heated nanocomposites to 550°C, which allowed the identification of a local phase transition with change of the space group. The dependence of the composition of synthesized materials on the conditions of their preparation is submitted.


PURPOSE
To analyse the results of surgical treatment of tumors located in the posterior part of the orbit.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
12 patients (5 women and 7 men, aged 10-70 years) with tumors located in the posterior part of the orbit, operated on in the years 1985-1995 in Ophtalmology Clinic in Bialystok with the use of Krönlein-Berke-Reese lateral orbitotomy method. Tissues of removed tumor were evaluated histopathologically.

RESULTS
In 7 cases tumor was removed completely, including 3 cases with simultaneous optic nerve removal. In 3 other cases tumor was removed partially, whereas in 2 cases eventration of the orbit was necessary. Persistent postsurgical defects of the eyeball mobility were not found in any of the patients. In 2 patients with partially removed tumor a constant blepharoptosis was observed, which required further operation. Visual acuity in patients with preserved optic nerve remained unchanged in 6 out of 7 cases. In 1 case-completely removed cavernoma-visual acuity decreased from 5/7 to 5/16.

CONCLUSIONS
Lateral orbitotomy enables successful removal of tumors located in the posterior part of the orbit. Moreover, this method is relatively safe, especially in comparison with cranial approach to tumors badly located in the orbit.


The Moroccan handicraft is threatened by the loss of its knowledge and several authorities are calling to safeguard this cultural heritage through a detailed transcription and development of an interactive multimedia system. In response to this call, this article represents a first step in addressing this need. It provided a basic methodology for building a craft memory which will be considered as a benchmark for handicraft knowledge preservation. The study focuses on identifying the most critical and vulnerable know-how and modelling the knowledge which needs to be retained. To do so, a methodological framework is proposed and validated through a case study on the Moroccan zellige craft. The methods used here are derived from the world of Knowledge Management (KM) and Knowledge Engineering (KE); in particular, MASK method, GAMETH and M3C. Nevertheless, their systematic application is not perfectly adapted, it needs to be in accordance to the craft characteristics and the artisan's profile which is the key point of the current study.


In the March 24, 1991 issue of NA Digest, I submitted a questionnaire asking who was solving large dense linear systems of equations. Based on the responses, nearly all large dense linear systems today arise from either the benchmarking of supercomputers or applications involving the influence of a two dimensional boundary on three dimensional space. Not surprisingly, the area of computational aerodynamics or aero-electromechanics represents an important commercial application requiring the solution of such systems. The largest unstructured matrix that has been factored using Gaussian Elimination was a complex matrix of size 55,296. The largest dense matrix solved on a Sun using an iterative method was a real matrix of size 20,000. It is unclear at this time whether dense methods are truly needed at all for huge matrices. It is intended to survey users every year with the hope of including more applications as I am made aware of them.


PURPOSE: A photovoltaic module including a heat radiation sheet coated with ceramic is provided to obtain high heat emissivity by forming a ceramic coating layer on the surface which opposes to the surface contacted with a rear sheet. CONSTITUTION: A solar power generation module is stacked in the order of a glass substrate(10), a front side solar ethylene vinyl acetate(EVA)(20), a solar cell(30), a rear side solar EVA(40) and a rear sheet(50). A heat radiation sheet(60) forms a ceramic coating layer using an adhesive(55) on the outer side of the rear sheet. The ceramic coating layer is formed on the surface of one or both sides of the heat radiation sheet. The heat radiation sheet uses aluminum, copper, brass, a steel sheet or stainless.


The photovoltaic (PV) generator exhibits non-linear i-v characteristics and its maximum power point varies with solar insolation and temperature, thus this work deals with the design and laboratory implementation of a real time maximum power point tracker (MPPT) for photovoltaic system aiming to improve energy conversion efficiency. A MPPT algorithm is developed using PV array voltage and current informations and it is implemented by single chip 80C51 microcontroller to control the duty cycle of a boost converter with pulse width modulation (PWM). Experimental results show the performance of the designed MPPT.