there are some shortages in traditional image matching algorithm based on gray degree, such as a huge quantity of calculation, a little low accuracy, and too many restrictions in application. In order to solve these problems, an optimized Remote Sensing image matching algorithm is introduced in this paper. The main idea includes following several aspects, on the basis of confirming the sub image of target image by understanding prior knowledge of Remote Sensing image, the first step is to search the sub image of target image nonequidistantly with dynamic template, the second step is to locate the target position by two thresholds of gray degree correlation coefficient and conformal transform, the last step is to judge the target position of ground control point not recognized correctly by the spatial location relations of ground control points. Then the work flow is introduced in detail. Moreover, a comparison experiment on traditional and modified image matching algorithm is performed with an ASTER image and a TM image. From the result of experiment, we can conclude that the modified algorithm is superior to the traditional algorithm, it has much higher accuracy and efficiency than the latter, and it should have more adaptability and applicable value. Keywords-Remote Sensing image, Control point matching algorithm, Dynamic template, Non-equidistant searching


Materials with both of high modulus and high damping properties are necessary in many industrial fields. Super damping rubber (SDR) has high damping properties, but it has some disadvantages in mechanical properties. In this paper, a series of glass fabric reinforced polyurethane super damping rubber materials (GFRR) were developed with high strength and high damping properties for the wide use of vibration reduction. The mechanical properties, such as tension, peeling and shearing of bonding interface, were investigated, which are much superior than SDR. For the application in vibration reduction, the composite loss factor was measured by the mechanical impedance method with a free-layer damping system, while the damping properties of viscoelastic layers were conducted by the dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Using the RKU model, the dependences of temperature and thickness ratio of composite loss factor were analyzed. The agreement between the experiment and the analysis suggests that the composite loss factor can be predicted with a good accuracy by RKU model.


The aim and objectives of the present study was to develop a pharmaceutically equivalent, stable, cost effective and quality improved formulation of Ambroxol pellets to present it in the form of capsules (Modified release capsules). To achieve this goal various prototype formulation trails were taken and evaluated with respect to the various quality control such as dissolution, assay, acid resistance and moisture content. The active pharmaceutical ingredient Ambroxol was subjected to preformulation study, and the results obtained with selected excipients showed good compatibility with Ambroxol. Ambroxol coated pellets were formulated by using commercially available pellets and Ambroxol coated pellets were filled by capsule filling machine. The stability of the capsules and pellet was determined by conducting "Accelerated stability testing" in 40°C ± 2°C / 75% ± 5%RH, 30oC ± 2 oC/ 65% ± 5% RH and 25±2°C/60±5% RH conditions for 1 month. Finally, after the duration, the product was analyzed for content and dissolution study. By the stability studies, the formulated Ambroxol modified release capsules and pellets proved to be stable throughout the period of the storage. The Ambroxol modified release pellets were loaded in size 4 capsules. It showed good results in formulation of stable dosage. Modified release pellets have minimum volume in size, greater surface area and more surface of disintegration time for pellets in capsules. Small volumes of pellets enter into the systemic circulation very fast. Moreover no accumulation of drug in the body occurs.


Support Vector Machine (SVM) is an effective method for reservoir layer classification. However, its classification performance is influenced by many factors. In this paper, we study how the main factors affect classification accuracy of SVM on oil data. We collect two well-logging dataset, use k-Cross Validation and Grid Search to find the optimal SVM parameters, and compare the classification performance of different kernel function. The experiment results show that the type of kernel function affects classification rate most and Polynomial performs best.


One of the major assumptions incorporated into the principle of normalization (1,3,4,6,7) is that people will be attracted to whatever or whomever it is that they identify with and have positive mental associations to. It follows that if a human service is to enhance its clients' social value and image in the eyes of others (as is implied by normalization), then it must present and interpret its clients to typical and even valued citizens in ways which help them to identify with clients, and which in other ways attach positive imagery to clients and build positive mental associations to them. Such measures should lead to a more positive view of persons with disabilities by members of the society. For example, most people can identify with a residential program for disabled people that operates in a typical home or apartment setting in the community, because most people themselves reside in such settings. On the other hand, it is very difficult for typical citizens to easily identify with people having disabilities who live in large, segregated settings that are grossly unlike the places where most people live—and indeed, are not the kinds of residences that elicit positive mental associations for most members of the public.


The objective of this research was to determine the influence of experiential marketing on the satisfaction of the clients of Jardines de Trujillo S.A in the city of Trujillo 2018.
The type of research was non-experimental, of cross-sectional design - correlational. The method used was the analytical inductive and the technique used was the survey, using the questionnaire as an instrument, validated through the coefficient of Cronbach for Experiential Marketing of 0.867 and for Customer Satisfaction of 0.876. The questions measured through the Likert scale, since they allowed us to know about the degree of conformity of each client. This questionnaire was applied to a sample population of 378 people. To determine the influence between the two variables, the SPEARMAN coefficient was used, which resulted in a sig equal to 0.000 and a correlation level equal to 0.756.
Finally, with this study it was concluded that Experiential Marketing influences the satisfaction of the clients of Jardines de Trujillo SA in the city of Trujillo 2018, besides that the dimension of actions is the one that most influences, on the other side in the variable of satisfaction the dimensions security and reliability are those that had a higher level of satisfaction. The correlation was positive, therefore if it increases the level of application of experiential marketing it would increase the level of satisfaction of the clients; However, it could be known that it presents a medium level in terms of the
application of experiential marketing and the level of customer satisfaction, therefore it is recommended to improve their strategies and thus achieve a high level in both variables.


We extend B. Hassett's theory of weighted stable pointed curves ([Has03]) to weighted stable maps. The space of stability conditions is described explicitly, and the wall-crossing phenomenon studied. This can be considered as a non-linear analog of the theory of stability conditions in abelian and triangulated categories.
We introduce virtual fundamental classes and thus obtain weighted Gromov-Witten invariants. We show that by including gravitational descendants, one obtains an $\LL$-algebra as introduced in [LM04] as a generalization of a cohomological field theory.


Mathematic model of pneumatic servo position system is studied. The algorithm of I-PD is proposed on the basis of friction compensation and pressure feedback control. The experimental results show that this control algorithm can remarkably improve the precision and robustness of this system. This indicates the effectiveness of the algorithm on the pneumatic servo system.


Urgency of the research. Taken into consideration the existing advantages of Ukraine as a powerful European State, promising directions of its development is being involved in cross-border cooperation. Target setting. Modern analysis of regional development of Ukraine testifies to the presence of negative trends, in particular, to deepen inter-regional differences, economic disparities and the exacerbation of social problems. Concerning this. crossborder cooperation is becoming an important factor of sustained development of Ukraine, a channel of involvement in European integration. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. Devoted to problems of euroregional policy of Ukraine are the researches of such scholars as V. O. Martynyuk, N. A. Mikula, C. C. Troyan, L. I. Fedulova, T. M. Uhnovska, A. Hubert. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. Further analysis is needed for the system of institutional and financial mechanisms of innovative development of euroregions. For Ukraine, urgent is a need of scientific justification of cross-border partnership benefits and problems, as well as a need of developing regulatory procedures providing the clustering process. The research objective. The analysis of the social partnership of Ukraine with the EU in the framework of cross-border clusters and euroregions. The statement of basic materials. The article deals with priorities of cooperation between Ukraine and the EU within the European regions and cross-border clusters. Based on the data SWOT-analysis identified the main objectives of European regions, effective mechanisms for inter-regional cooperation. Conclusions. It is important to implement in national statistical agencies the collection and processing of cross-border statistics in accordance with the recommendations of Eurostat; allocate budget funds for co-financing projects supported by the European Commission; create together with the Governments of neighboring States special funds, which will be accumulating finances to support social initiatives.


In Islam, men and woman have equal right in obtaining education. But in reality, history of classic Islam shows that woman clan does not get the opportunity adequate in education of Islam which can send them to Moslem scholar. This matter can be comprehended in the eyes of public and perception pass by quickly, history source, specially dictionary of biography representing device of information hit this public impression, whether can be interpreted  that there is no Moslem scholar woman, or at least is there any Moslem scholar of woman properly come into dictionary of certain biography? This article will study how in fact education of woman in Islam and what woman have role in science transmission?


Selenium is an fundamental importance to human health. It is an essential trace element for major metabolic pathways, since selenium is an essential component of Glutathione peroxidase enzyme. Diet is the main source of selenium. Selenoproteins in mammalian cells indicated that essential role of selenium in the bodys antioxidant defense system.


Several photoprotective mechanisms were measured on foliose
lichens Lasallia pustulata and Umbilicaria antarctica:
alteration in PS II functioning (fast chlorophyll fluorescence
transient), formation of zeaxanthin, and changes in amount and
redox state of glutathione as related to a short-term high
light stress. The high light-induced photoinhibition was sensed
by a set of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (Fv/Fm, Yield
PS II, and NPQ).


This chapter looks at three case studies of the Bank of Japan's (BOJ) monetary policy to illustrate how these policy ideas influenced BOJ decision making: the decision to implement and then lift the zero interest rate policy (ZIRP) (1998–2000); the first quantitative easing (QE) policy (2001–6); and the policies implemented in response to the global financial crisis and then Japan's "3–11" triple disaster—the massive earthquake, tsunami, and nuclear meltdown that occurred on March 11, 2011. During these fifteen years, the BOJ's worldview made it slow to tackle deflation head-on and cautious in its reflationary measures. The BOJ Policy Board at various times did concede to outside pressure to use unorthodox monetary measures such as forward guidance or QE. It did so reluctantly, however. When afforded room to maneuver, the Policy Board was ready to retreat quickly from monetary easing, in some cases even before the economy was fully out of deflation.


M-BCJR algorithms are proposed and tested over an AWGN channel with moderate to intense intersymbol interference (ISI). Two M-BCJR applications are evaluated, simple detection over the ISI channel and turbo equalization. The signaling is binary faster than Nyquist linear modulation. The ISI models tested correspond to transmission of increasingly many bits/Hz-s with a fixed signal spectra; the paper studies the range 2–8 bits/Hz-s, which implies ISI models as long as 32 taps. As a simple detector, the M-BCJR achieves the ML error rate with small computation, where the Viterbi algorithm is completely impractical. In turbo equalization, the M-BCJR needs somewhat more computation and a more careful design because it must produce accurate likelihoods.


The Morgan centenary year (1971) saw a larger-than-usual out pouring of books on kinship and marriage, even though their appearance on this occasion was apparently no more than a coincidence, since in none of them is the centenary date noticed as such.1 More importantly, the reader of these books, with a single exception, confronts merely a restatement or adaptation of older views or the original statements of those views, reprinted. The one exception is the last-published of all these books, Rethinking Kinship and Marriage, presently under review. These facts in themselves may say a great deal about the modern study of kinship fully one hundred years on,2 besides making ASA 11 an essential text for all those anthropologists who are (as Needham once remarked of Hocart) "not much concerned to pander to received ideas".3


Excerpt To the editor: The patient with "Munchausen's syndrome" previously described in your journal (1, 2) in the August and November 1976 issues remains active. He was recently admitted to the Ma...


The sources for late antique and early medieval canon law collections consisted primarily of synodal acta and papal decretals. Although these collections fell short of addressing the growing legal requirements of expanding Christian communities, new sources could not be introduced without first securing their authority. The earliest collection to offer both new sources and new methods of legislation, was the late seventh- or early eighth-century Irish Hibernensis. It concludes with a book consisting entirely of novel sources, which highlights ostensible contradictions between canons. This book is the earliest recorded example of sic et non in the Latin West. The present article analyzes this book with the aim of establishing how the Hibernensis addressed the problem of innovation versus authority. My analysis evokes modern legal theory and explores the efficacy and limitations of drawing on theory as a means of shedding light on early medieval canon law material.


We investigate the approximation properties of Norlund and Riesz means of trigonometric Fourier series are investigated in the subset of weighted Lebesgue space with variable exponent.


In the last 20 years, plant-based therapy had become the world's attention. Our country Indonesia is popular in its megabiodiversity, among which is Salacca zalacca Gaert. (Voss.), or salak. The fruit of this plant is generally utilized as pickles, chips, etc. However, its benefits for health remain unexplored. Library searches using PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Google resulted that S. zalacca, which contains flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and sitosterols exerts various pharmacology activities, e.g., antioxidant, cholesterol reducer, antidiabetic, skin whitening, antihyperuricemia, antibacterial, immune system enhancer, cancer cell growth inhibitor, and adsorbent.


The limited availability of usable water calls for exploitation of all potential storage sites and replenislzable groundwater resources, which is indeed a tall order. Low water charges in most states do not convey the scarcity value of water and on the contrary encourage overuse and misuse. The collection of water charges as a percentage of demand is also very low in most states. The Tenth Plan strategy is aimed to link reforms in water sector to Central funding. One of the problems being faced in the rural drinking water sector is slippage of habitations from fully covered to partially covered and partially covered to not covered habitations due to increase in population, fall in groundwater.water quality problems, etc. This article addresses the sustainability issues tlrroughfocus on revival of traditional rain water harvesting techniques. It also suggests that a National. Water Code will clearly define the parameters within which watershed development should take place. This issue as also the issue of sustainability of assets created merit attention before embarking on a massive programme to conserve water.


Abstract This article introduces a new model for precise point positioning (PPP), which combines dual-frequency GPS and Galileo observations. Our model is based on the between-satellite single-difference (BSSD) linear combination, which cancels out some receiver-related biases, including receiver clock error and non-zero initial phase bias of the receiver's oscillator. Two different scenarios are considered when forming BSSD linear combinations. In the first scenario, either a GPS or a Galileo satellite is selected as a reference for both GPS and Galileo observables. The second scenario, on the other hand, selects two reference satellites: a GPS reference satellite for the GPS observables and a Galileo satellite for the Galileo observables. Natural Resources Canada's GPSPace PPP software is modified to enable a combined GPS/Galileo PPP solution and to handle the newly introduced biases. A total of 12 data sets representing two-day GPS/Galileo measurements at six IGS stations are processed to verify the developed PPP model. Precise satellite orbit and clock products from the IGS-MGEX network are used to correct both of the GPS and Galileo measurements. It is shown that using one reference satellite to form the BSSD linear combinations improves the precision of the estimated parameters by about 25 % compared with the GPS-only PPP solution. When two reference satellites are used, however, the precision of the estimated parameters improves by about 50 % compared with the GPS-only PPP solution. Additionally, the solution convergence time is reduced to 10 min for both BSSD scenarios, which represents about 50 % improvement in comparison with the GPS-only PPP solution.


Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the unconscious aspects of information technology (IT) outsourcing decisions.

Design/methodology/approach
The researchers extend the current literature and existing knowledge on the economic aspects of outsourcing decisions in a study on human behaviour and decision-making. Some vulnerabilities related to decision-making on outsourcing have been identified and mechanisms to address these vulnerabilities have been proposed.

Findings
Although IT outsourcing is a widely accepted practice, the vulnerabilities that result from unconscious bias can outweigh the supposed economic gains. However, with support from research in psychology, it is possible to minimize bias and ensure positive value creation when engaging in outsourcing.

Originality/value
The authors argue for a multi-disciplinary approach, for decision-making on outsourcing, that integrates the psychological elements of decision-making with economic value-creation logic. The proposed practitioner-oriented approach is used in conjunction with traditional approaches to decision-making. Specifically, it addresses the uncertainties that may occur when interpreting and inferring information that influences outsourcing decisions.


Objective: Explore the variations of IL-17and IgE after respiratory syncytial virus infection and the relationship between IL-17and serum IgE.In order to provide new molecular basis in which the early prevention of RSV bronchiolitis transform to asthma in children.Method: Using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) method to determine RSV antibody of children And so is divided into the RSV bronchiolitis group and non-RSV bronchiolitis group.Using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) method to determine IL-17 and serum IgE in 60 cases of children with bronchiolitis and 20 cases of healthy infants in plasma.useing spss to process date.Result: IL-17 in children with RSV bronchiolitis is 17.47 ± 1.30pg / mL,in non-RSV bronchiolitis group is 13.58 ± 0.89pg / mL and in the control group is 10.57 ± 0.77 pg / mL.They have significant difference(P 0.05).IL-17 in RSV bronchiolitis group and in non-RSV bronchiolitis group have significant difference(P 0.05).Serum IgE in children with RSV bronchiolitis is 84.28 ± 15.50IU / mL and in non-RSV bronchiolitis group is73.14 ± 11.70 IU / mL,in the control group is 14.68 ± 1.58 IU / mL.They have significant difference(P 0,05).But serum IgE in RSV bronchiolitis group and in non-RSV bronchiolitis group does not have difference(P 0.05).And IL-17 and IgE in serum in children wtith RSV bronchiolitis correlate.Conclusion: 1.IL-17 may participat in the RSV infection immune mechanism.2.Children with bronchiolitis may exist similar immune mechanisms to athma,serum IgE may not be associated with specific pathogens.3.Children with bronchitis after RSV infection IL-17may promote the generation.of serum IgE.


In analog television systems, it is known by the receiving end to compensate for lack of low-pass filtering the receiving end γ- predistortion signal caused by the color luminance signal using the transmission side to compensate. Using this method for brightness compensation can also be used with modem image encoding method (e.g., MPEG) binding. Deriving a compensation signal from the color signals after the decoding, and for encoding the luminance of. Motion compensation prediction for the macroblock based on the corresponding decoded signal and the color signals are decoded and luminance compensation.


This study aims to measure the influence between the quality of health services and hospital facilities on community satisfaction in hospitals. Dr. H. Soemarno Sosroatmodjo Tanjung Selor, Bulungan Regency. This research is quantitative research with an associative approach that aims to decide the relationship between two or more variables. The number of samples used in this study was 100 respondents, namely the people of Bulungan Regency who had finished treatment at the hospital. Dr. H. Soemarno Sosroatmodjo Tanjung Selor, Bulungan Regency. This study used multiple linear regression analysis techniques processed with IBM SPSS Statistics 26 for the windows program. The results of this study show that based on the results of data processing or the results of partial hypothesis tests (t tests) in this study, it was found that partially the quality of health services had a positive and significant effect on community satisfaction with a significance of 0.000 < 0.05 and t values calculated 4.095 > 1.985, and also found that partially hospital facilities had a positive and significant effect on community satisfaction with significance 0.000 < 0.05 and the calculated t value is 8.458 > 1.985. Based on the results of data processing or the results of simultaneous hypothesis tests (f tests) in this study, it was found that simultaneously the quality of health services and hospital facilities had a positive and significant effect on community satisfaction with a significance of 0.000 < 0.05 and a calculated F value of 125.198 > 3.09. From this explanation, it can be concluded that the quality of health services and hospital facilities has a positive and significant effect on community satisfaction in the hospital. Dr. H. Soemarno Sosroatmodjo


The purpose of this study was to examine couples therapists perceptions of their use and value of play in the therapeutic encounter. Secondary to the main hypothesis, this thesis also solicited couples therapists to comment on their experience in couples therapy as a client and how this impacted their sense of relationship satisfaction. Forty-four couples' therapists representing a variety of licensing credentials (psychologists, LPC's, MSW/LMSW/LICSW, MFT's) and time in practice completed a brief online questionnaire. The questionnaire asked participants to rate their use, value, and experience of play in the therapeutic encounter. Results indicate that clinicians who participated in this survey do value and use play in their practice with couples. Findings also suggest as influence of education increased participants use of play and use of assessments also increased. Major conclusions of this study indicate the need of playbased theory for couples work while students are in graduate school.


Two new algorithms for improving the speed of the LZ77 compression are proposed. One is based on a new hashing algorithm named two-level hashing that enables fast longest match searching from a sliding dictionary, and the other uses suffix sorting. The former is suitable for small dictionaries and it significantly improves the speed of gzip, which uses a naive hashing algorithm. The latter is suitable for large dictionaries which improve compression ratio for large files. We also experiment on the compression ratio and the speed of block sorting compression, which uses suffix sorting in its compression algorithm. The results show that the LZ77 using the two-level hash is suitable for small dictionaries, the LZ77 using suffix sorting is good for large dictionaries when fast decompression speed and efficient use of memory are necessary, and block sorting is good for large dictionaries. key words: LZ77, hash, gzip, suffix sorting, block sorting


A new facile route for the synthesis of dl-shikonin is presented. Reformatsky reaction assisted cross-coupling of 1, 4, 5, 8-tetramethoxynaphthalene-2-carbaldehyde and ethyl- bromoacetate was employed for introduction of the side chain of dl-shikonin.


This paper establishes the index system of the safety evaluation of navigation environment from perspective of which affects the navigation safety. After that, Bayesian network security evaluation method is introduced and the fuzzy set theory is combined to construct a safety state evaluation model. Then the safety condition of the navigation environment is expressed in the form of safety probability.


Part 1 The Patient: The Jargon The Words The Sentence The Two Worlds The Fairy Tales The Great Trauma The Talking Cure The Denial The Third World The Face of Death The Last Symptom The Final Visit. Part 2 The Crusader: The Soup Kitchen The Orphanage The Feminist The Organiser The White Slave Rescuer The Fourth Death The New Home The Third Little Bird The Journeys East The Great War The Celebration The Aftermath The Voice of an Unknown Woman The Enemy Within The Final Fight The End The Tributes. Part 3 The Woman: The Case of Anna O. The Revelation The Lost Years The Wasted Love The Strange Drama of Healing The Volcano The Fantasy Whore The Waif The Ultimate Desertion The "Small Fire".


Hatching enzyme is a kind of protease,which plays a key role in the hatching process of metazoans. We previously reported the cloning and transcriptional characterization of a full length cDNA of hatching enzyme-like gene in Bombyx mori (BmHEL,967 bp). Here,we investigated the expression and purification of BmHEL in a prokaryotic expression system and its degradation activity to Bombyx mori eggshells. Using a recombinant plasmid DNA harboring BmHEL as the template,three DNA fragments were obtained by PCR method,including the intact ORF (BmHEL,885 bp), one with a deleted signal peptide (BmHELa,834 bp) and the predicted mature enzyme (BmHELb,624 bp). Then they were subcloned into expression plasmid pET28a(+),respectively. The recombinant plasmids were transferred into E. coli strain BL21 and the target proteins were expressed,which were all present in the cell as inclusion bodies. According toSDS-PAGE results,the molecular weights of the target proteins,which were fused with 6 His-tag,were 33. 4 kD, 31. 8 kD and 24. 0 kD,respectively. They were purified on Ni-NTA affinity columns and identified by Western-blot experiments. All of the purified proteins showed degradation activity against Bombyx mori eggshells. Amongthem,BmHEL had the highest activity while BmHELb had the lowest. Their activity was higher at pH 7. 1 than at pH 9. 5. These results further verified the involvement of BmHEL in the hatching process of Bombyx mori eggs at the protein level.


This study aims to see the description of realization of zakat receipts, especially zakat maal in Riau Province .  The realization of zakat receipts is used to see the inclusion of zakat in terms of payment by the people of Riau .  This research uses quantitative descriptive approach  from  collecting secondary data  onto  various sources .  This study uses the results showed that the realization of zakat receipts  of  Riau Province during the period 2012-2016 has increased . T he receipts  in  zakat funds increased, directly proportional to the amount of zakat payers during the period. Nevertheless, from the realization of  zakat  acceptance, it can be seen that the inclusion rate of zakat payment is still low .  The number of people  that  pay zakat is still very low when compared with the number of  zakat  compulsory population . More research is needed to find out the reason why.


In the algebraic context, we show that null Osserman, spacelike Osserman, and timelike Osserman are equivalent conditions for a model of signature (2,2). We also classify the null Jordan Osserman models of signature (2,2). In the geometric context, we show that a pseudo-Riemannian manifold of signature (2,2) is null Jordan Osserman if and only if either it has constant sectional curvature or it is locally a complex space form.


On an infinitely-extensible plane (with uniform customer-density) the socially-optimal configuration of firms is a regular hexagonal lattice. Will the free market necessarily produce this configuration? We argue that the currently-accepted, affirmative answer has been erroneously derived from models in which equilibrium is undefined, and in which equilibrium conditions are asserted rather than being derived from behavioural postulates. We answer the question negatively, showing that, in a standard location model: (a) many configurations, including the hexagonal, satisfy the equilibrium conditions (and in no case is zero profits a necessary condition for equilibrium); and (b) if a hexagonal configuration is initially imposed, it is much less likely to persist through successive rounds of entry than is a square or a rectangular configuration.


Through the investigation of typical survey data and national statistical data, this paper aims to conduct quantitative analysis about the digital reading of consumers. Firstly, the cognitive behavior of digital reading consumer is analyzed by using statistical method. Secondly, based on the grey system model, the model predicts the daily reading time of the national per capita using electronic readers. Finally, it provides suggestions for digital reading promotion and digital industry development.


In the middle of era globalization and increased of operating costs. Employers should
be able to set up a company with a good strategy in order to survive and compete with
rival companies. Similarly, faced by PT. Dynapack Indonesia as a leading
manufacturer of rigid plastic packaging in Indonesia, they must be able to survive the
challenges facing. The strategy that used by PT. Dynapack Indonesia to maintain price
with rising costs is to do a cost reduction strategy.
Cost Reduction Strategy definition itself is a permanent cost reduction strategies
without reducing the quality of the resulting product. which is expected a reduction in
the costs incurred do not affect consumer purchases of the company's products.
PT. Dynapack Indonesia has provided an opportunity for authors to be able to learn
how the application of cost reduction strategy in the company and the authors believe
that the use of this strategy is a good idea in facing the current market.


A 27-year-old man presented with a 10-week history of a discharging crusted eruption on the right scalp. Swab cultures had repeatedly grown Staphylococcus aureus and he had received a total of four courses of systemic antibiotics. Four years previously, he had undergone an orthotopic liver transplant (OLT) for fulminant non-A, non-B hepatitis; his regular drug treatment consisted of sirolimus, tacrolimus and calcium folinate. Clinical examination (Fig. 1a,b) revealed a thick yellow crust covering most of the right scalp. Once the crust was removed, soft plaques and multiple satellite papules were seen. Similar lesions were present on the left temple and nose. A palpable right cervical lymph node was noted. A skin biopsy was taken, which showed foamy macrophages and numerous fungal spores replacing the normal architecture (Fig. 2). Cultures from the skin biopsy grew Cryptococcus neoformans. Further investigations in hospital confirmed the presence of a serum cryptococcal antigen titre of 1 : 1600, but blood and cerebrospinal fluid cultures were negative. A thoracic computed tomography (CT) scan (Fig. 3) demonstrated a soft-tissue lesion, 31 mm in size, in the apical segment of the right upper lobe, a further well-defined 17 mm nodule in the left upper pole, and multiple smaller nodules scattered throughout the lung. A CT-guided lung biopsy was taken, which revealed a cryptococcal infection with surrounding fibrosis. The patient was successfully treated with intravenous liposomal amphotericin. He is now taking lifelong oral fluconazole. His current cryptococcal antigen titre is < 1 : 200. Cryptococcus neoformans is a ubiquitous saprophytic yeast commonly found in soil and bird (particularly pigeon) Figure 1 Roll-on superior to aerosol in detecting axillary lymphadenopathy. Figure 1 Two soft plaques on right scalp.


In this paper, we present a video shot retrieval algorithm in H.264/AVC compression domain. Unlike previous standards such as MPEG-2 and 4, H.264/AVC supports a variable block size for motion compensation. Therefore, existing video retrieval algorithms exploiting the motion vectors in MPEG-2 and 4 domains are not appropriate for H.264/AVC. So, we devise a method to project motion vectors with larger than block sizes into those for the smallest blocks. It also uses correlations among features for the measure of similarity. Experimental results with standard videos of 10558 frames and commercial videos of 48161 frames show that the proposed method yields ANMRR less than 0.2.


Objective: The absence of a tool for assessing memory after being treated on the intensive care unit (ICU) has inhibited research. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop and validate a tool known as the ICU Memory Tool (ICUMT) for assessing memory forintensive care during the recovery period. Validity was assessed through internal consistency, construct validity and test-retest reliability. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Single intensive care unit in a district general hospital. Subjects and measurements: Forty-five patients recovering from critical illness. The ICUMT consists of 14 items administered by clinical interview. Main results: The ICU Memory Tool was internally consistent (alpha coefficient 0.86). Some evidence for the tool's construct validity was found as a predicted relationship between infection and memory loss was confirmed (p < 0.04). Good test-retest reliability was found over a 4-month period for factual memories (r = 0.84, p < 0.0001) and delusion memor...


Previous sedimentological studies on peat sequences from the eastern Tibetan Plateau showed that there have been eolian dust inputs to the wetlands on the eastern Tibetan Plateau, thereby providing an opportunity to reconstruct the history of the Asian winter monsoon at a higher temporal resolution. Here the dust flux and the content of trace metallic elements (Ti, Ni, and V) in a peat sequence from the Hongyuan Swamp (32°46.7′N, 102°31.0′E) are used to reconstruct variations in the intensity of the Asian winter monsoon during the Holocene. This record, when compared with the summer monsoon proxy, can help elucidate the phase relationship between these two systems. Our proxy-based reconstructions show different patterns of changes in the Asian winter and summer monsoons before and after 5.5 cal. ka BP. Generally, the two monsoons varied reciprocally before 5.5 cal. ka BP; however, after 5.5 cal. ka BP, these two systems exhibit synchronous changes. Moreover, both the frequency and amplitude of the variations in these two monsoons are different before and after 5.5 cal. ka BP. The rate of changes in the solar insolation during the Holocene matches well with these monsoon records, implying that the mid-Holocene climate transition may have resulted from orbital forcing.


Jariieot is a local food prepared by fermentation of salted fish, Chromis notatus. Since its NaC' content is around 20% like other fermented seafoods, reduction NaCl concentration is desirable to minimize the risk of health hazard. Addition of KCl and enrichment of lactic acid fermentation were attempted to solve the problems resulting from low salt concentration. NaCl and KCl were added to a fish, Chromis notatus simultaneously at concentrations of 10 to 4% and 5 to 2%, respectively. Lactic acid bacteria and glucose at final concentration of 2% were also mixed with the above-salt treated fish to prepare jarijeot. The jarijeot was examined periodically for chemical changes during aging and compared with reference jarijeot containing only 20% of NaCl to find out an appropriate method for quality improvement. The content of ATP and its related compounds was not affected by the concentration of NaCl or the presence of lactic acid bacteria. Nearly no difference in contents of free amino nitrogen, trimethylamine oxide, trimethylamine and volatile basic nitrogen was observed between the jarijeot containing 20% of NaCl only and that containing 10% of NaCl, 5% of KCl, 2% of glucose and cells of Pediococcus halophilus. Moreover, sensory evaluation of both kinds of jarijeots revealed almost the same scores. The number of cells of P. halophilus was maintained at concentration of cell/ml for 60days' fermentation in the above mentioned jarijeot containing 10% of NaCl. Its pH was dropped down to 4.2. Accordingly it is possible to prepare jarijeot enriched with lactic acid bacteria if KCl and glucose are added at concentration of 5% and 2%, respectively, in addition to NaCl at a final concentration of 10%.


A common attack in wireless sensor networks is the node replication attack. In this attack, attackers capture a number of nodes and spread copies of them in the network. Replicated nodes, which are controlled by the attackers, start communicating with other nodes to corrupt network protocols. In this paper we propose a new algorithm for detecting replica nodes in wireless sensor networks with mobile nodes using the legal wormhole channels. The proposed algorithm consists of two phases: local detection and global detection. In the first phase, each node detects replica nodes in its neighborhood by disseminating "Hello" messages. In the second phase few nodes in the network establish legal wormhole channels pairwise and exchange the information of their neighbors. When there is a common node in these neighbors, that node is known as a replica node. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms similar algorithms in terms of detection rate


The quantitative analysis of the paper shows that the low level of Japanese equipment manufacturing during the great depression causes its serious dependency on import when forming capital.Moreover,its aggregate supply-demand state is supply-constraint,which does not equate with the demand-constraint economic powers in Europe and the United State.In the sample interval,the price elasticity of aggregate supply in Japan is only 0.15,which is a very weak state.Therefore,the researches on Japan's macro-economy based on the assumption of demand-constraint state are not applicable.


In this ethnographic study, 13 occupational therapists who provided school-based services were interviewed. Each therapist was asked to describe an example of a student with whom she felt particularly successful and one who was challenging or frustrating. Three themes were identified in the examples through analysis that included a follow-up focus group meeting of the participants. The frame of clinical reasoning was applied to help interpret the results. Procedural reasoning was described as "Finding the key" by the participants. This theme defined their search for the underlying reasons for the child's behaviors and performance. The key, or a way to reframe the child's behaviors, then became the basis for their intervention activities and was shared with teachers, parents, and other team members. Finding the key seemed to be particularly important to helping the team design an appropriate environment-child fit that enabled the child's best performance. The second theme, "The whole child," emphasized the importance of the child's psychosocial core and described the therapist's use of interactive and conditional reasoning to support the student's selfimage. Because the therapists valued the child's vision of a new self, they were able to help the child achieve new social roles and improved selfesteem. A third theme, "Whose success is this?," told of the importance of a cohesive team, which included the parents, to the success of the child. The child's achievement of important life goals and success as a student seemed to be the result of a team effort to which occupational therapy contributed. Cohesive and collaborative teams seemed to be instrumental to the child's progress and goal attainment.


We calculate the electron capture cross sections in collisions of protons with water dimers, using a simple ab initio approach. The formalism involves one-electron scattering wave functions and a statistical interpretation to evaluate many-particle cross sections. By comparing with proton-water collisions, we aim at identifying aggregation effects in the electron capture cross sections.


Using bluetooth and infrared,we design a wireless smart home appliances contral system.In this system,we use Bluetooth-infrared conversion to implement the Bluetooth-infrared convert.Using these we implement unification control to all family devices.


Owing to the inherent complexity oif the problem, stemming from the random distribution of interacting defects, analytical expressions relating macrofields are possible only under some restrictive conditions emphasizing modest levels of defect concentrations


During the process of the establishment of the International Criminal Court (ICC), a voluminous set of rules was elaborated to ensure that the Court will become an effective instrument for the enforcement of international law. These rules and provisions were drafted and approved in the abstract, but how would they actually work in practice? – We hear that the USA has undertaken an enormous diplomatic effort to limit the jurisdiction of the ICC. To what extend would the outcome of these efforts create an obstacle for the Court to exercise its jurisdiction? – The new ICC Prosecutor has just been sworn in, and several hundred incidents have been reported to the Court where crimes falling under the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court might have been committed. Still, it might take some months, if not years until the Court sees its first indictment or trial and until the statute and rules of the Court are applied for the first time.


We propose an adaptive joint space-time algorithm for decoding turbo coded signals arriving at an antenna array. This is done in a (semi)blind manner using a finite alphabet property of the coded signal and iteratively estimating the channel jointly with the turbo decoding. An advantage of the proposed method is that the symbols can be detected in a robust way, as no assumptions on the array geometry or propagation environment are made. Further, simulations show that in a single user scenario the performance-loss is negligible compared to a system utilizing perfect channel knowledge. The method is also shown to give significantly enhanced performance compared to a system where the channel estimation and decoding are done sequentially in both static as well as fading multiuser scenarios.


This work reports a gallium indium alloy (EGaIn)‐doped SiBOC ceramic that possesses a unique liquid‐metal‐in‐ceramic feature. The low‐viscosity liquid nature of gallium‐based liquid metals (Ga‐LMs) and the reactive core‐shell structure provide possibilities for phase engineering inside polymer‐derived ceramics. As a demonstration, EGaIn nanoparticles (NPs) are directly mixed with a UV‐curable ceramic precursor (UV‐PBS) to obtain a resin suitable for digital light processing 3D‐printing. After pyrolysis at 800–1200 °C, SiBOC ceramics with uniformly distributed EGaIn NP domains (Si(GaIn)BOC) are obtained. EGaIn plays a key role in promoting carbonization and preventing crack formation during the polymer‐to‐ceramic process, resulting in an increase in both ceramic yield and mechanical strength. EGaIn NPs are also found to have a core‐shell structure (EGaIn@(GaxIn1‐x)2O3@SiBOC) inside the SiBOC matrix, which significantly enhances the dielectric properties and improves the interfacial polarization. As a result, an excellent electromagnetic wave absorption performance is achieved across the C, X, and Ku bands, respectively. Through rational design, a novel metastructure design based on the Schwarz P minimal surface is proposed, which exhibits an ultrawide effective absorption band extending up to 11.36 GHz (within C‐Ku bands).


Questions concerning the existence of the scattering matrix for the interconnection of two networks are considered. It is shown that all interconnections can be regarded as a special type of interconnection termed cascade loading. If two networks in the cascade-loading configuration are separately linear, passive, time-invariant and have scattering matrixes, the same is true of the interconnection network. This result is applied to finite networks, and it is shown that any finite network composed of passive resistors, capacitors, inductors, gyrators and transformers has a scattering matrix. Some illustrative examples are also considered, pointing out that the results stated are the best obtainable.


The reload cost spanning tree problem (RCSTP) is an NP‐hard problem, where we are given a set of nonnegative pairwise demands between nodes, each edge is colored and a reload cost is incurred when a color change occurs on the path between a pair of demand nodes. The goal is to find a spanning tree with minimum total reload cost. We propose a tree–nontree edge swap neighborhood for the RCSTP and an efficient way to search this neighborhood using preprocessed information. We then embed this edge swap neighborhood within a local search and a tabu search heuristic. We also discuss an initial solution procedure that is used by the local search and tabu search heuristic in a multistart framework. On a test set of 630 instances (that includes benchmark instances from Gamvros et al. [6]), the local search solution improves upon the initial solution in 416 instances by an average of 23.62%, and the tabu search solution improves upon the local search solution in 364 instances by an average of 35.79%. Out of 495 test instances from this set that we know the optimal solutions for, the initial solution is optimal 113 times, the local search solution is optimal 224 times, and the tabu search solution is optimal 481 times. On a second set of benchmark instances from Khalil and Singh [9], the tabu search solution improves upon the best known solution in 32 out of 44 instances. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 65(4), 380–394 2015


The 1H and 13C NMR spectra of 9-(methoxyamino)acridine (1) and 9-hydrazinoacridine (2) show that these compounds exist principally in the imino tautomeric form in CDCl3, acetone-d6, CD3CN, DMSO-d6 and Py-d5, all solvents with different polarities and abilities to participate in specific interactions. The spectra of the other two compounds investigated—N-(2-chloroethyl)acridin-9-amine (3) and N-(5-methylpyridin-2-yl)acridin-9-amine (4)—indicate that they coexist in the amino and imino forms. The amino tautomer of compound 3 predominates in CDCl3, CD3CN and Py-d5 and that of compound 4 in CDCl3 and Py-d5. On the other hand, the amino and imino forms of compound 3 coexist in acetone-d6 and probably DMSO-d6, whereas those of compound 4 coexist in acetone-d6 and DMSO-d6. The positions of the signals in the NMR spectra compare qualitatively with those predicted computationally at the GIAO/DFT level of theory. The equilibrium constants predicted by the DFT(PCM) method are in agreement with the results of NMR spectral analysis. In general, both the data predicted at the DFT level of theory and x-ray structural data show that the imino tautomers display a 'butterfly'-type geometry, whereas the amino forms are characterized by an almost flat acridine moiety. Electron-attracting substituents at the exocyclic N atom improve the stability of the imino form, and electron-withdrawing substituents do likewise for the amino form. The importance of tautomeric phenomena in the context of the ability of acridin-9-amines to participate in specific interactions is outlined in brief, as are the possible applications of these compounds as probes of environmental properties. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


In this article, three theoretic methods are analyzed for protecting power analysis(PA),in which,the power randomization technology is the key,and the DES encrypt-algorithm is build by introducing MASK algorithm into it.And this kind of advanced DES _PA algorithm can increases the difficulty of PA attacks effetely,no matter software implementation or hardware implementation.At end, the correctness of DES _PA algorithm is validated using the Verilog-XL simulator from the Candence Company. With 0.25μm slow CMOS technology library,the result showed that the cell count of DES _PA module is about 1859,the maximize delay is 9.69 ns, and can be worked correctly under 100MHz,so that it is well suited to the field of smart card and the information security, and which would be meaningful for the field of industry.


Darwin continued by describing fear emotions of even greater intensity. For emotions of such intensity Thomas Reid (ref. 10) had in 1788 advocated that the term &dquo;passion&dquo; might be used, and in this paper the term will be used to indicate an emotion of great intensity. How often do people experience the passions which in general Darwin seemed to be describing? This problem requires investigation in different cultures, at different socio-economic levels, at different ages, and for both sexes. Even small-scale studies would seem to be worth while in order to clarify the problem and to prepare the ground for


In the field of Chinese studies the question whether Chinese as well as Chinese character is good or bad has long been discussed. It is nearly a century since Chinese studies began. However, the internal rules of Chinese character and language have not been thoroughly discovered; the appropriate systematic theory for Chinese has not been founded. Languages can not be distinguished with superiority. The differences lie in the depth of research.


A map of the distribution of field locations in Southeast Asia in 195066 (Fig. 1) shows that the great majority were inland and away from the areas of high population density. Is this a new pattern or one of long standing? In Burma before World War II, the British were interested in extending political control over remote peoples, such as Kachin and the Chin. Reflecting this interest, ethnographic studies both then and more recently have tended to focus on inland groups, even though the country's long coast line suggests that sea utilization might be an important part of indigenous peasant economies. Recent government restrictions on the movements of foreign workers in Burma have resulted in a concentration of work around the old historic centre of Mandalay and the modern commercial centre of Rangoon. In Thailand before World War II, scholars were mainly interested in the Thais. There was some ethnographic work around Chiengmai, but for the most part interest was centred on the more exotic elements of Thai high culture. In 1950-66, Western interest in Thai Buddhism was taken to new depths in the Cornell studies at Bang Chan. The gaps in formal ethnographic studies of hill peoples were being filled mainly by American ethnographers. Thailand has a long coast line, but most of the field locations


In this review, we aim to summarize available data on vitamin D in neonates critically. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble, steroid hormone with pleiotrophic effects not only on bone metabolism but also on optimal functioning of many organ systems. Deficiency is considered when 25-hydroxyvitamin D value is ˂20 ng/ml. Vitamin D deficiency is a global problem that prevales even in developed countries. Vitamin D deficiency is closely related to multiple disease states. It may influence obstetrical complications as preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, bacterial vaginosis, preterm birth, low-birth weight and cesarean section. Long-term outcomes in the offspring including asthma, multiple sclerosis, schizophrenia, abnormal neurocognitive outcome, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and insulin resistance can occur with vitamin D deficiency. Trials are needed to assess the effect of vitamin D supplementation and its dosage during pregnancy and lactation on clinical outcomes. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends 400 IU/day of supplemental vitamin D for breastfed infants from the 1 st day of life. Preterm infants born <32 weeks are at a greater risk to develop vitamin D deficiency. The European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition has recommended higher intakes of vitamin D of 800-1000 IU/day for preterm infants. However, studies are needed to evaluate the dose and duration of vitamin D supplementation to preterm infants.


Ionizing radiation is one of the many potential hazards man must face as he endeavors to conquer cosmic space. The greatest source of this hazard in our solar system is the sun, which periodically bombards us with highly energetic protons and a particles. In most instances the radiation dose from solar flare particles is quite small. However, during periods of maximum solar activity the dose can become very intense and dangerous to man and animal. Freier and Webber (1) have recently reported that the dose from a particles in solar flares may equal that for protons of energy above a certain value, and that the flux of heavier nuclear particles is about 1 % of the a-particle flux in most solar flares. These authors have estimated that during a 10-day period in July, 1959, the integrated dose from the isotropic flux of a particles and protons would have reached 490 rads in air inside a spherical shell of water-shielding 2 grams per square centimeter thick, and that under the same conditions it would have reached 488 rads during a 6-day period in November 1960. Tissue dose from solar cosmic-ray irradiation will depend on both flux geometry and the rigidity of the particle spectrum. The maximum energy of the solar flare particles for the July 1959 events decreased from 200 to 100 MeV during the 24-hour period after the onset of the flare. If we take 5 cm as the nominal depth of the blood-forming tissues in man to calculate solar flare dose hazards (2), the esti-


The invention relates to a storage unit and a refrigeration appliance with the same. The storage unit (7) comprises a main body (8) and a drawer type door (10), wherein the main body (8) defines a storage room (15); and the drawer type door is used for selectively opening or closing the storage room (15) and can slosh in a sloshing range in the process that the door (10) is pushed toward the body (8) to close the storage room (15). The storage unit is characterized by comprising positioning mechanisms (51, 52), wherein the positioning mechanisms are used for positioning the door (10) in a fixed position or a fixed range smaller than the sloshing range when the door (10) is closed.


The use of decentralised energy resources (DER) in private households will change the load and feed-in behaviour in the future and thus influence the power flow at the low-voltage level. Therefore, grid planning, especially at a low-voltage level, must be adapted. Hence, new approaches for modelling the residual load of a household, with regard to different portfolios of DER, must be addressed. For this, an existing mathematical optimisation model to optimise both, a household's investment decision in DER and their operating times, is extended using machine learning (ML) approaches. Several methods of ML have been tested, however, the highest solution quality was achieved using neural networks. Following this, the prediction of the investment in DER by classification algorithms with convolutional neural networks shows the highest agreement with the deterministic approach. In the case of the prediction of DER operating times and residual loads based on them, recurrent neural networks with long short-term memory are used. Finally, this study indicates that the resulting predicted time series of residual load can be used for power flow calculations in the low-voltage grid. This allows grid calculations to be performed depending on existing or future political and market conditions.


In this paper, a model for MEMS capacitive microphone is presented for integrated circuits.  The microphone has a diaphragm thickness of 1 μm, 0.5 × 0.5 mm2 dimension, and an air gap of 1.0 μm. Using the analytical and simulation results, the important features of MEMS capacitive microphone such as pull-in voltage and sensitivity are obtained 3.8v and 6.916 mV/Pa, respectively while there is no pressure on the diaphragm. The microphone also has a capacitance of 2.3 pF. Using the relation between the capacitance and pressure signal, a 3 ports model for the MEMS microphone is proposed. To bias the microphone, a 2.3 V DC and a 1 GΩ resistor is used. The voltage and current signal of the microphone is proportional to the applied pressure of the acoustic wave. A RC filter is added to circuit to eliminate the low band frequency (≤ 20 Hz) noises. The microphone shows good response to amplitude and frequency changes versus applied pressure signal.


The nutraceuticals market is vast, encompassing many different products with inconsistent levels of evidence available to support their use. This overview represents a Western perspective of the nutraceuticals market, with a brief comparison with that in China, as an illustration of how individual health supplements increase and decrease in popularity in regional terms. Recent changes in sales patterns, mainly taken from the US market, are summarized and a selection of five newer products, which have not been subject to extensive recent review are profiled: astaxanthin, a carotenoid found in red algae, seafood, salmon and trout, as an antioxidant; cannabidiol, a non‐euphoric marijuana ingredient used as mood enhancer and for painful/inflammatory conditions; modified extracts of ginseng used in new indications including dementia and space travel; monk fruit, a non‐sugar high intensity sweetener and nigella seed, a popular food ingredient and Asian medicine, which has experienced an extraordinary rise in sales recently.


BACKGROUND
Hospice care is a perceived need in the Iranian health system.

AIM
This qualitative study is explaining the stakeholders' perception of what is required to develop a hospice care system for patients living with cancer in Iran.

METHODS
A total of 21 participants (specialists, policymakers, healthcare providers, cancer patients and family caregivers) were selected through purposeful sampling and interviewed in-depth in 2020. Interviews were analysed through directed content analysis.

FINDINGS
A total of 1054 codes, 7 categories and 21 subcategories were extracted. The requirements include the need to provide: multiple settings and diverse services; participatory decision making; integration into the health system; specialised human resources; an organised system of accountability; the preparation of the existing health system; and wider capacity-building in existing Iranian society.

CONCLUSION
It is essential that Iranian services create a participatory comprehensive care plan, utilise expert manpower, integrate hospice care into the existing health system and organise a system of accountability. Policymakers should focus on the preparation of the health system and capacity building in society.


A surface emitting photonic device including a substrate; and a waveguide structure on the substrate. The waveguide structure includes an active region along its longitudinal axis and the active region is for generating light. The waveguide structure also has a trench formed therein transverse to the active region and defining a first wall forming an angled facet at one end of the active region, the first wall having a normal that is at a non-parallel angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the waveguide structure. The trench also defines a second wall located opposite the first wall.


The utility model discloses an automatic hooking device and a dynamic compactor. The dynamic compactor is provided with the automatic hooking device. The automatic hooking device comprises a detacher, a hinge pin supporting device and a hung hinge pin. The detacher is provided with a hook. The hinge pin supporting device is connected with a rammer and provided with a guide groove. The hung hinge pin is arranged in the guide groove and capable of moving between a hooking position and a non-hooking position along the guide groove. In the hooking position, the hung hinge pin can be hooked by the hook in the process of lifting so that the rammer can be driven to lift. When the detacher declines relative to the hinge pin supporting device, the hung hinge pin can move to the hooking position from the non-hooking position; and when the detacher lifts relative to the hinge pin supporting device, the hook hooks the hung hinge pin in the hooking position, and the hung hinge pin can move to the non-hooking position from the hooking position. Thus, automatic hooking of the detacher and the hung hinge pin can be achieved, and namely automatic connection of the rammer and the hook of the detacher can be achieved.


Abstract: The article describes the peculiarities of Russian provincial towns of the Imperial Russia. The authors formulated the notion of socio-cultural image of pre-revolutionary Russian towns. Keywords: Russian town, province, socio-cultural space of Russian towns, urban culture, urban society, trends of urban development.In prerevolutionary Russia a town was a populated settlement, which was granted a deed of gift with a coat of arms and a plan of urban development approved by the head of the state. Administrative and territorial sys-tem of towns, which had a strict hierarchy, was already formed in Russia by XIX century and looked as follows: capital cities (Moscow and Saint-Petersburg); governor -ate, district and non-district or small provincial towns (they didn't have a district) [8, 283]. All these categories of towns were the centers of administrative, legislative, military and religious power as well as the centers of cul -tural life.The reforms of Alexander II contributed to inter-penetration, a dialogue between urban and rural cultures, overcoming of aloofness and religious development of all social groups of the Russian society. This process was not based on a class principle, but on principles of civil freedom of a personality and economic start. Gradual growth of impact of urban lifestyle on household and morals of provincial nobility encouraged the formation of a new culture of thinking. Although, many universities, museums, academies, art galleries, theaters and libraries are closely tied with urban environment, it doesn't mean that the given achievements have nothing to do with ru-ral area. Urban system is organically connected to the his -torical development of the rural area and «there is little chance of a town's existence without a village compared to the village life without a town» [10, 81–82].The turn of XIX — XX centuries was a crucial stage in the history of prerevolutionary Russia. The de-velopment of industrial sector was accompanied with the growth of capitalist relations, democratization of so -cio-cultural sphere, liberal reformation movement with further powerful conservative government course and strengthening of radical moods among the intelligentsia. The changes took place unevenly, which had impact on socio-economic processes in the towns of post-reform Russia determining their difficulty and inconsistency, particularly in district towns. Transformation of public relationships deepened the division of labor, strength-ened social differentiation, decreased the role of tradi-tions in social and private life, which brought about the weakening of interpersonal relationships that were of superficial nature [8, 289].The process of industrialization changed the image of a provincial town, its relief, and inspired a new system of views and attitudes towards the surrounding world. Analyzing socio-cultural image of a town, one should rely upon the principles of geo-urban planning taking into account typical features of space and time nature, history


A Detailed Examination of the Phosphorylation of APLF Residue Serine–116 in the Context of DNA Damage Amanda L. Fenton Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Medical Biophysics University of Toronto 2013 ii APLF is a forkhead associated (FHA) domain-containing protein with unique poly(ADP)-ribose (PAR)-binding zinc finger (PBZ) domains that are involved in the DNA damage response. The interaction of the APLF PBZ domains with PAR is essential for the rapid recruitment of APLF to sites of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), while the FHA domain facilitates non-homologous end-joining. In response to ionizing radiation (IR), APLF is phosphorylated at Serine-116 (APLFS116), although the function of this post-translational modification has yet to be defined. Here we provide a detailed characterization of the IR-induced and ATMdependent phosphorylation of endogenous APLF at Serine-116 in the context of DNA damage. We additionally examine a novel APLF FHA-dependent interaction with 53BP1 (p53 Binding protein 1). Together, we illustrate that APLFS116 phosphorylation is dependent upon both the tandem PBZ domains, as well as the FHA-domain, and that the depletion of either PARP3 or 53BP1, similarly affected APLFS116 phosphorylation. Furthermore, we show that DSB-repair was compromised in cells expressing the APLFS116A mutation. Collectively, our findings provide a detailed understanding of the molecular pathway that leads to the phosphorylation of APLF following DNA damage and suggest that APLFS116 phosphorylation facilitates APLF-dependent DSB repair.


This study was carried out on 250 samples of milk and milk products (50 samples each of raw milk, pasteurized milk, soft white cheese, butter and ice cream). The samples were collected from different shops at Mansoura city, El Dakahlia Province, Egypt and bacteriologically analyzed to detect the prevalence of Staph. aureus and its enterotoxins using PCR and SET-RPLA kits. The results revealed that the incidence of Staph. aureus were 36, 4, 24, 8 and 4% with mean counts of 3.8±1.4, 1.78± 0.48, 3.4±1.25, 2.39±0.95 and 2.14±0.78 log 10 cfu/g or ml respectively. The examined positive Staph. aureus by PCR and SET-RPLA kits showed presence of the following enterotoxigenic genes in the examined raw market milk; white soft cheese and table butter samples (sea, seb and see); (sea, sed and see) and (sea and seb) respectively. Meanwhile, the enterotoxigenic genes could not be detected in the examined pasteurized milk and small scale ice cream samples thus, it is necessary to adopt a regime of good, safe and healthy production of such products with periodical cleaning and disinfection to ensure safe products for consumer.


We summarize the treatment effectiveness and experience of a patient who underwent internal carotid balloon occlusion combined with Intermediate-flow bypass as a treatment for large-giant cavernous sinus segment internalcarotid artery (CS ICA) aneurysms.
A 62-year-old woman presented with a large aneurysm on the right side of the cavernoussinus with dizziness for about two years and Oculomot or nerve palsy. An extra cranial intracranial (EC-IC) Intermediate-flow by pass using a radial artery bypass graft (RABG) and proximal balloon occlusion of the Right ICA were performed. The patient experienced no new neurologic deficit after this treatment. Follow up radiologic evaluations using Computed Tomography Angiography revealed complete aneurysm occlusion.
For patients with large-giant CS ICA aneurysms, treatment of ICA occlusion combined with Intermediate-flow superficial temporal artery-Radial artery-middle cerebralartery bypass surgery was an effective and safe surgical strategy.


The Middle English letter 3 has three distinct origins, all identical in script but different in origin and sound value: the Old English insular 3 , the Caroline minuscule z, and the semicolon. The insular 3 is written in three special forms. In Wessex the bow of the flat-topped 3 is closed, as 5 ; m Kentish the lower extremity of the bow is curled back (zuruckgestulpt) to the right, as? ; but in Mercian the top of 3 tends to become a sharp hook and the bow is open with its convexed lower extremity ending frequently with a calligraphic dot, as;6. 1 The Caroline minuscule form of z is, from the latter part of the thirteenth century on, quite identical with, hence indistinguishable from, the native Middle English form of 3 'yogh, '2 as in ma3e (= maze), 3 or in 3edde (= zedde), which is the name of the letter z. 4 The semicolon (;) had been developed already in the twelfth century into the form of 'yogh' in English court hand by first joining together the point and the comma and then adding thereto a head for the abbreviation of the Latin -et, -us, -ue, etc. 5 The 3 analyzed in this paper is of the type that resulted from the direct or indirect development of the Anglo-Saxon 3 and used from the twelfth century to the fifteenth century diacritically for vowel length and hiatus--the first


[Background] Periodontitis is common in adults and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the most common cause of adult death in the world. Opening of the infarct-related coronary artery is a valued therapeutic goal in acute myocardial infarction (AMI), however, cardiomyocytes continue to die during reperfusion. Acute oxidative stress induced by ischemia - reperfusion causes serious damage to tissue. The purpose of our study was to investigate that hydrogen (H 2 ) gas has potential as an antioxidant in preventive and therapeutic applications against ischemia - reperfusion injury. [Methods] We first determined the dose at which cytotoxicity develops in a period of 1 h upon Antimycin A exposure in H9c2 cells through the WST assay. Antimycin A impaired cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner over the tested concentration range (0-500 μM). [Results] A maximum reduction was 76.5±4 of the control group (at 500 μM of Antimycin A). The H9c2 cells were pretreated with H 2 gas for 18 h, after which co-incubated with 500 μM of Antimycin A for additional 1h. Co-treatment of H 2 gas relieved reduced viability of Antimycin A-stimulated cells. [Conclusions] These results suggested the protective effects H 2 gas against Antimycin A- induced injury in H9c2 cells.


Background: Bougainvillea sp is a medicinal plant traditionally used in Mexico to alleviate several diseases including painful disorders. The present study was carried out to evaluate the analgesic activity of ethanolic extracts of Bougainvillea x buttiana (var. Rose) Holttum & Standl. Methods: Bougainvillea x buttiana bracts were extracted with ethanol. The extract was submitted to phytochemical qualitative analysis. The extract was orally administered at dose of 0.04, 0.4, 4 and 40 mg/kg. For analgesic evaluation were included methods for a peripheral mechanism pain such as the acetic-acid induced writhing method, and a central mechanism of pain as tail flick and formalin tests were used. Results: The results obtained from the phytochemical qualitative analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, fatty acids, lipids, saponins and tannins. Our results also clearly indicate that the oral administration of the Bougainvillea x buttiana extract caused a significant (p < 0.05) dose-dependent reduction in the number of abdominal writhes. The extract also produced a remarkable increase in tail immersion latency time and paw licking time. Conclusion: The results obtained demonstrated that Bougainvillea x buttiana extract showed analgesic potential in all models of nociception implying that both peripheral and central pathways of analgesia are involved. This might be due to the presence of various classes of phytochemicals in the plan extract.


The relocation of nation's capital is one of the government's flagship programs at this time. The lack of information on soil structures that are prone to deformation can bring an impact on the failure of infrastructure development in the areas of New State Capital (known as Ibu Kota Negara/IKN). Therefore, a significant study is important to find out the deformations that may occur in the region as an initial information in determining the location for safer infrastructure development based on the soil structure conditions in the research area. This research used the Differential Interferometry Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR) method with a multi-temporal approach to identify the deformations in the research area. The data included SAR images of Sentinel 1A type SLC with C band (5.405 GHz) for the period 2015-2019. The results confirmed that deformation had been identified in several areas, both those experiencing subsidence and uplifting. The maximum subsidence was 12.97 cm at Sepaku district on period 2018-2019 and the maximum uplift was 10.01 cm on period 2017-2018. The identified areas with deformation generally take place in areas with a high density of buildings, construction areas, road infrastructure, and river alluvial deposits.


The ability to accurately and effectively predict the interaction between proteins and small drug-like compounds has long intrigued researchers for pedagogic, humanitarian and economic reasons. Protein docking methods (AutoDock, GOLD, DOCK, FlexX and Glide to name a few) rank a large number of possible conformations of protein-ligand complexes using fast algorithms. Previously, it has been shown that structural congruence leading to the same enzymatic function necessitates the congruence of electrostatic properties (CLASP). The current work presents a methodology for docking a ligand into a target protein, provided that there is at least one known holoenzyme with ligand bound - DOCLASP (Docking using CLASP). The contact points of the ligand in the holoenzyme defines a motif, which is used to query the target enzyme using CLASP. If there are no significant matches, the ligand cannot be docked in the protein. Otherwise, the holoenzyme and the target protein are superimposed based on congruent atoms. The same linear and rotational transformations are also applied to the ligand, thus creating a unified coordinate framework having the holoenzyme, the ligand and the target enzyme. This provides the docked ligand in the target enzyme. Previously, CLASP was used to predict and validate (in vivo) the inhibition of phosphoinositide-specific that bind myo-inositol, providing corroboration of the validity of the proposed methodology. This article serves as a proof of concept. It tests the idea, previously published, that if spatial and electrostatic similarities between cognate pairs of residues are predictive of catalytic function, then aligning two proteins to match 4 cognate pairs of residues ought to identify the binding site in a novel/target protein. The alignment process additionally provides the pose of the ligand in the target protein, if the matching is conducted with a holoenzyme. As a proof of concept, the article is scientifically sound. The author has presented a novel docking algorithm based on the principle that spatial and electrostatic properties in cognate pairs of residues are conserved in the catalytic site of proteins endowed with the same function. Thus, in case the crystal structure of a protein-ligand complex is available, it can be used to dock the same ligand into the active site of a homologous protein (with identical catalytic activity). The author has tested the algorithm by docking vildagliptin into the active site of PI-PLC.


Summary form only given. Structure analysis of conducting polymers is complicated by the insoluble, infusible and amorphous character of these materials. In order to obtain a better understanding of structure-properties relationships a profound structure analysis remains essential. A possible strategy to solve this problem consists in comparing suitable modelcompounds with the corresponding polymer. These modelcompounds should simulate the polymer structure as close as possible, be stable and preferably soluble in NMR-solvents. In our laboratory this method was succesfully applied to determine the structure of poly(isothianaphthene). To study the effect on the electronic structure by changing the chemical structure of poly(isothianaphthene), we need a modelcompound in which it is easy to substitute carbon nuclei by heteroatoms or to replace hydrogen nuclei by substituents. Compaing 1,3-dithienylisothianaphthene (DTI) with an ideal aromatic modelcompound, an isothianaphthene tetramer, we show DTI to be a fairly good modelcompound. Our goal is to use DTI derivatives as modelcompounds to study the effect of structural changes on the electronic properties of corresponding polymers. Therefore we developped first of all a possible general applicable synthetic route to DTI derivatives. Good results were obtained by a Grignard reaction on o-S-(2-pyridyl) thiophtalate followed by a classical ring closure with P/sub 4/S/sub 10/ . The general application of this route to other DTI derivatives, such as nitrogen and fluorine substituted compounds, is under investigation and could show the way to a whole series of easy accesible modelcompounds for structural analysis of conducting polymers as well as to a new class of isothianaphthene based conducting 'co'- polymers with very promising electronic properties. The structure of these 'co'-polymers will be investigated using advanced NMR-techniques and FT-Raman spectroscopy.


The culture of human develops from religious culture,science culture to art culture,from value opinion and culture pattern,as one part of culture ,sports is sure to follow this rule,this paper use the historic eyes,analyzes the correctness and progress of science sports replacing religious sports.By developing vista,the paple analyzes the great cost of human under science sports,and science sports rebuking the humanity of human.Finally,coming back to the content of culture,from Chinese traditional culture,getting the philosophy ideas for effacing defects for science sports,and combining western culture,offering art sports is to combine science sports and sports together from theory,it could not only efface for science sports,but also offer ideas for directions and characters to 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.


In the title compound, C9H12NO2+.C4H3O4-, the amino acid molecule exists in the cationic form with a positively charged amino group and an uncharged carboxylic acid group. The maleic acid molecules exits in the mono-ionized state. In the semi-maleate anion, the intramolecular O-H...O hydrogen bond is asymmetric. The phenylalaninium cations and the semi-maleate anions form hydrogen-bonded double layers, linked together by N-H...O and O-H...O hydrogen bonds, extending along 101].


Economic trends are one the crucial research topics. Standard and Poor's 500 index (S&P500) is an indicator of economic change with diversification. In this article, the time series models of forecasting realized volatility, regarding the heterogeneous autoregressive theory, are evaluated. For the day, week, and month predictions, heterogeneous autoregressive models with realized volatility (HAR-RV) type models take structural breaks, the day-of-the-week impact, and trade volume into account. Structure breaks and day-of-the-week effects have positive effects on in-sample prediction, while there is not enough evidence to show that trading volume is significant for in-sample prediction. For out-sample prediction, simple loss functions and the Diebold Mariano test are employed to compare the capability of HAR-RV type models in this article for out-sample performance. The HAR-RV, HAR-RV-VOL, and HAR-RV-WV models are regarded to be accurate for short- and mid-term out-sample prediction. The HAR-RV, HAR-RV-SV, and HAR-RV-SWV models are thought to be significant over the long run.


Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and cost utility of a universally provided early years parenting programme. Design Multicentre randomised controlled trial with cost-effectiveness analysis. Setting Early years centres in four deprived areas of South Wales. Participants Families with children aged between 2 and 4 years. 286 families were recruited and randomly allocated to the intervention or waiting list control. Intervention The Family Links Nurturing Programme (FLNP), a 10-week course with weekly 2 h facilitated group sessions. Main outcome measures Negative and supportive parenting, child and parental well-being and costs assessed before the intervention, following the course (3 months) and at 9 months using standardised measures. Results There were no significant differences in primary or secondary outcomes between trial arms at 3 or 9 months. With '+' indicating improvement, difference in change in negative parenting score at 9 months was +0.90 (95%CI −1.90 to 3.69); in supportive parenting, +0.17 (95%CI −0.61 to 0.94); and 12 of the 17 secondary outcomes showed a non-significant positive effect in the FLNP arm. Based on changes in parental well-being (SF-12), the cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained was estimated to be £34 913 (range 21 485–46 578) over 5 years and £18 954 (range 11 664–25 287) over 10 years. Probability of cost per QALY gained below £30 000 was 47% at 5 years and 57% at 10 years. Attendance was low: 34% of intervention families attended no sessions (n=48); only 47% completed the course (n=68). Also, 19% of control families attended a parenting programme before 9-month follow-up. Conclusions Our trial has not found evidence of clinical or cost utility for the FLNP in a universal setting. However, low levels of exposure and contamination mean that uncertainty remains. Trial registration The trial is registered with Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN13919732.


The study is focused on the effect of a short-term general 3.5 Hz frequency vibration on physiological parameters in athletes. The study used a vibration platform designed for the requirements of the experiment, generating harmonic vibration with the frequency of a human run-3.5 Hz, and the amplitude increased from 4 to 5 millimeters. The study assumed that free standing on the platform with no other physical exercises is an exercise for the human organism and that a vibration platform is a device that reproduces mechanical stimuli associated with running or a vigorous march.


Pollen viability and lifespan of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. was evaluated by TTC(2,3,5triphenyl tetrazolium chloride)test,its stigma receptivity was estimated by benzidineH2O2 method. The results were as follows: As to cultivated species,the pollen viability of P. lactiflora Pall. with simple flower was the same as that of P. lactiflora Pall. with double flower at the beginning of blooming. But the pollen viability declination of P. lactiflora Pall with double flower was quicker than that of P. lactiflora Pall with simple flower. In general,the lifespan of cultivated species was about 7 days. The stigma of cultivated P.lactiflora Pall with some simple flower could secret mucus 2 hour after blooming. As long as the stigma of cultivated P. lactiflora Pall with double flower was concerned,some didn't secret mucus all the time,others secreted mucus 2 days after blooming. The stigma receptivity of single cultivated plant was higher than that of cultivated P. lactiflora Pall. with double flower. Generally,they had receptivity within 6 days or 3 days after blooming. The pollen viability declination of wild P. lactiflora Pall was slower and its lifespan was longer than that of cultivated species. The lifespan of wild species was about 15 days,and its stigma receptivity and mucus secretion was higher than that of cultivated species.


The hydraulic system simulation soft Automation Studio was introduced,which was based on system principle diagram.Taking the hydraulic driving system of trailer mounted pumping unit as an example,the two luffing cylinders' pressure,acceleration and flow-load characteristic were simulated using Automation Studio.This system was debugged on Bosch Rexroth experimental table.The parameter test results are basic sameness with the simulation results.This simulation method can simulate the system's working state,simplify modeling and parameters adjusting.It's a better method for hydraulic system design and dynamic characteristic study.


The demands and requirements of manufacturing for high-skilled talents are higher and higher,while the practice teaching plays a unique and vital part in the cultivation of students' vocational quality.As a teaching reform project of Jiangxi Province,the paper makes an analysis and probe into the advantages of cultivation of high-skilled talents through practice teaching on the basis of the analysis of the connotation of qualities of high-skilled talents.


An exercise in asking questions as preparation for writing essays was developed to encourage students to analyze and evaluate personality theories. Students wrote questions that were then discussed and classified according to Bloom's taxonomy. Twice in the term students chose questions to develop into essays. Rough drafts of the essays were discussed in small groups. The proportion of evaluative questions that students wrote increased during the course of the term. A questionnaire administered at the end of the term indicated that 90% of the students viewed the exercise positively. Having copies of others' questions and discussing rough drafts were rated as particularly useful.


Background and aim: Chronic inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may result from exaggerated stimulation of the mucosal immune sys-tem by the endogenous luminal bacterial flora. Bacterial products are recog- nized by Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Therefore, the expression of TLR2, TLR3 and TLR4 in colonic biopsy samples taken from children with active IBD were studied and compared to controls. Methods: Colonic biopsy specimens were collected from 12 children with newly diagnosed IBD (n-IBD) and 23 children with relapsed IBD on treatment (r-IBD) from macroscopically involved and noninvolved mucosa. TLR2, TLR3 and TLR4 mRNA, and - related protein expression were determined by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot, respectively. Results: The TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA expression were significantly increased in the involved colonic mucosa of children with n-IBD and r-IBD compared to controls, respectively (p < 0.05). We found higher TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA expression in the involved vs. noninvolved colonic mucosa of children with n-IBD and r-IBD, respectively (p < 0.05). TLR2 protein expression in involved mucosa of patients with n-IBD and r-IBD were 8.9 and 8.5 times higher than controls, respectively (p < 0.001 and p < 0.0001). Involved mucosa in children with n-IBD and r-IBD depicted 5-fold and 4.5-fold elevation of TLR4 protein expression in comparison to controls, respectively (p < 0,001 and p < 0,0001). In noninvolved mucosa of children with n-IBD and r-IBD, TLR2 and TLR4 expression were similar to controls. The TLR3 expression were similar in all groups studied. Conclusion: Our results of increased expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in the inflamed colonic mucosa of children with IBD confirm the hypothesis that innate immunity has an important role in the pathogenesis of this disease. Nevertheless, the similar expression of these TLRs in the noninvolved colonic mucosa in children with IBD and in controls does not support their primary role in the development of IBD. 280 patients using a special algorithm. Results: The data obtained from three independent studies could confirm the clinical diagnosis in 86%-92% of all cases. The specificity of having IBD ranged from 94%-95% with a sensitivity of 85%-95%, and the specificity of having UC from 77%-94% with a sensitivity of 91%-95%. Conclusions: The use of expression profiling of certain marker genes from biopsies of patients with IBD/IBS-like symptoms would enable quick and reli- able diagnosis ultimately improving disease management. signs of intestinal inflammation, correlating our results with findings in en- doscopy and histology. Methods: Fecal S100A12 was determined in fecal specimens of 83 consec- utive patients and 24 healthy controls. All patients underwent endoscopic and histological investigation to evaluate inflammation in the gut. Thirty- two patients had Crohn`s disease, 27 patients had ulcerative colitis, and 24 individuals had irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Intestinal S100A12 expression was analyzed in biopsies obtained from all patients. Fecal calprotectin was used as an additional noninvasive surrogate marker of inflammation. Results: Fecal S100A12 was significantly higher in patients with active IBD (2.45 ± 1.15 mg/kg) compared to healthy controls (0.006 ± 0.03 mg/kg; p < 0.001) or patients with IBS (0.05 ± 0.11 mg/kg; p < 0.001). Fecal S100A12 distinguished active IBD from healthy controls with a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 100%. We also found excellent sensitivity of 86% and specificity of 96% for distinguishing IBD from IBS compared to fecal calprotectin with 63% and 86%, respectively. Fecal S100A12 correlated better to intestinal inflammation than fecal calprotectin or other biomarkers. Conclusions: Fecal S100A12 is a novel noninvasive marker distinguishing IBD from IBS or healthy individuals with a high sensitivityand specificity.Further- more, S100A12 reflects inflammatory activity of chronic IBD. As a marker for neutrophil activation, fecal S100A12 may significantlyimprove our arsenal of noninvasive biomarkers of intestinal inflammation. Purpose: To investigateawarenessof the painfuland embarrassingsymptoms of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), assessimpact of symptom flare-ups on patients QoL and need for new and effective treatment. Docu- ment dialogue between patients and physicians to encourage more openess about the effect of IBD and symptom flare-ups on QoL and available treat- ment options. Methods: In summer 2005 questionnaireswere sent to some 12, 000 members of 7 EFCCA member associations; 5636 responses were returned by mail(57% female, 43% male)of which 57% CD and 41% UC. Initial diagnosis was made by a Gastroenterologist in 74% of patients, with 60% and 47% of UC and CD patients having disease symptoms for at least 1 year before referral. Results: About 70% of patientsstated symptoms affectedtheirabilityto work and some 75% indicated similar effect on leisure activities. A majority was satisfied with current treatment. Though communication with Doctors about treatment options and experiences showed that 56% reported no initiating discussion by Doctors about new treatments and that 61% never ask about the effect of disease on their QoL. A majority (66%) of patients rated that their QoL had improved after surgery, but 65% still had a recurrenceof symp- toms,and 32% UC and 26% CD reported serious complications. More than 85% reported preparedness to try new therapy versus surgery. Conclusions: The majority of patients reported that continued symptoms significantly affect their daily lives; new treatment options and the effects of treatment plus management goals are not sufficiently discussed during interaction between patient and physicians. The findings are assisting EFCCA and the member associations in their advocacy and educational roles, which includes the importance of developing open patient and Doctor relationships and in seeking improvements in the range of treatments for IBD. Background: There is evidence that adipocytokines participate in chronic inflammation. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha is a critical mediator in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). An interaction between TNF alpha and adipocytokines in various chronic diseases, including IBD, has been de-scribed. Infliximab is a well-established anti-TNF alpha treatment in IBD. Concerning adipocytokines, only leptin has been examined in relation to infliximab therapy in IBD so far. Aim & Methods: We measured serum levels of leptin, adiponectin and resistin in 20 patients with IBD [17 Crohn's disease (CD) and 3 ulcerative colitis (UC)] before and after infliximab treatment using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). These levels were correlated with disease activity, alterations of body mass index (BMI) and C-reactive protein (CRP) and response to treatment. Results: Infliximab induced clinical response or remission in all CD patients (P < 0.0001). A significant decrease in CRP levels (P=0.02) and a significant increase in BMI (P=0.006) were found in all IBD patients. Mean serum leptin levels were 4.6 ± 0.5 ng/ml and 5.1 ± 0.5 ng/ml before and after in- fliximab treatment respectively (P=0.41). Mean serum adiponectin levels were 10513.9 ± 1216.9 ng/ml and 9653.5 ± 1031.5 ng/ml before and after in-D


Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) are replacing induction motors because of their better performance in industrial applications. Due to the availability of fast DSP processors now-a-days complex control algorithms can be implemented efficiently. In conventional-drive circuits the six-switch inverter ruled for a long time because of the ease of its control; however, a four-switch inverter provides the cost effective efficient replacement. The dynamic model of a machine provides an insight into the dynamics of its operation and control.A PMSM has been modeled in Matlab Simulink in different frames of references and the model has been validated under different operating conditions. The space-vector algorithm of a sixswitch three-phase inverter has been modified for the control of a four-switch three-phase inverter (FSTPI) by establishing the symmetry between the voltage space-vector planes of both inverters. A FSTPI exhibits the current-unbalancing problem because of the unbalanced voltage distribution across the capacitor. The current-unbalancing issue has been resolved by introducing a 'duty waveform drift' method. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have been used to optimize the performance of a four-switch inverter. The detailed modeling of the space-vector technique for both the conventional and four-switch inverters has been presented. A PWM rectifier has been implemented using sinusoidal pulse width modulation and space vector pulse modulation to ensure that the drive maintains unity input power factor. A modified optimized space-vector algorithm, used for the inverter operation, has been introduced in the control of PWM rectifiers to ensure the best computational performance.There exist a number of control techniques for a PMSM: direct-torque control (DTC) and fieldoriented control (FOC) have been investigated in detail for the proposed four-switch inverter. The flux, torque, speed and current controller designs for both the DTC and FOC are presented in detail and have been implemented on Texas Instruments' digital signal processors using Matlab Simulink' code generation facility. Because of the ANN based modules the designed digital system presents precise and accurate speed, current, flux and torque tracking with fourswitch space-vector modulator up to 30-kHz sampling frequency. The ANN has reduced the implementation' complexity of the speed and position estimator. The initial rotor-position detection has also been incorporated while collecting the data for the training of ANNs. The results have been presented for evaluating the performance of a controller with the proposed four-switch inverter and ANN based estimators.


lawyers and managers move as professionals through distinct but overlapping fields (of expertise, knowledge, and competence) that traverse national borders. (Sans-frontierisme has become their shibboleth.) Yet, when people move across these borders as citizens, unless authorized, they are treated as trespassers and their bodies are caught in border regimes that constitute them as migrants, refugees, or aliens. (Sans-papierisme has become their slogan.) There is a widening gap between those who can act across borders and those who remain confined within them. Cosmopolitanism or universalism have sought to close this gap but so far neither has identified a field in which citizens can act. This may be the end of citizenship. If not, what prospects can there possibly be for citizens without frontiers?


The 16 churches of Chiloe in southern Chile, recently inscribed on UNESCO's World Heritage List, represent the only example in Latin America of a rare form of ecclesiastical wooden architecture. Th ...