There are 177 global geopotential models (GGM) that have been published in the International Centre for Global Earth Model (ICGEM). All geopotential models can be evaluated to determine the best-fit geoid model for each place. Each geopotential model in ICGEM has their accuracy and resolutions based on the gravity field in that place. In this study, a statistical analysis has been made between the differences of geoid heights derived from the geopotential models in ICGEM and GPS/ Levelling data and the statistical analysis of gravity anomaly derived between geopotential models and terrestrial gravity data. There were six global geopotential models involved with 3 satellite-only models and 3 combined models. The result of statistical analysis for those geopotential models shows that the satellite-only model, GOCO-06S can determine the accurate information of the geoid heights derived from the geopotential models and GPS/Levelling data. The results also show that the gravity anomaly derived from SGG-UGM-2 with the maximum degree and order 2190 of spherical harmonic coefficients is the most suitable geopotential model that can be used as a reference in Peninsular Malaysia for further determination.


The 80's in Brazil became known as "the lost decade", but its cultural
effervescence in this political reopening process shows us exactly the opposite. The
Brazilian rock inaugurates a new discussion. "What country is this?". The question-title
of this work is clear and wants to warn his goal: to recreate an image of Brazil 80's and
90's, ie, the end of the military dictatorship and the beginning of democratization, from
the songs of Legiao Urbana. We are interested in thinking about how these young
people, part of the urban middle class literate, saw their country and they saw in him
the changes they wanted. Your letters require a response from the public and decision-
position: "And you, which side are you?". What you will find is that the criticism of the
band departing from issues related to the dictatorial regime run various political and
social issues (such as the construction of nuclear power plant in Angra dos Reis, the
issue of drugs, violence in big cities, unemployment , the fate that the poorest bear
without getting rid of it, the punishments inflicted to prisoners and their families in the
"years of lead") only to end up at the same point from where: "Open your eyes and
heart / Let us be alert / Because terror continues / only changed smell / E of uniform
"(verses of"La Maison Dieu", the latest album Uma Outra Estacao). Yes, "the seasons
changed, nothing has changed" is the conclusion of this dissertation and the work of
over a decade of Legiao Urbana. In their songs, the group aims his suffering for love
towards the country. Celebrate your stupidity is necessary to achieve perfection.


This paper describes an unplugged computational thinking (CT) resource for primary and secondary schools developed from Bebras tasks. In Ireland, CT is not part of the primary school curriculum or mandatory in secondary schools. However, the National Council for Curriculum and Assessment is in the process of revising the primary school curriculum to include aspects of CT. Our aim for creating this CT Obstacle Course is to introduce teachers (and pupils) without formal computer science training to the subject of CT. This is done in a manner that informs and motivates, and gives them the confidence to deliver CT materials in the classroom. We also want to find out from teachers how useful and important this type of resource is for developing problem-solving skills, and if our unplugged activity can support learning at various skill levels. Our CT Obstacle Course includes 14 Bebras tasks for primary schools and an additional 6 Bebras tasks for secondary schools. The activity is suitable for indoors and outdoors and is completed in groups, promoting teamwork and communication. We have delivered it to 146 primary school classes during 38 school visits between May 2021 and June 2022. It has been undertaken by 3,445 pupils and 195 teachers and other school staff. This paper describes our CT resource in detail, and reports teacher feedback from primary schools.


* Managing Partner and Macon Office Head in the firm of Constangy, Brooks & Smith, LLP, Macon, Georgia. Emory University (B.A., 1968); University of Alabama (J.D., 1971). Chapter Editor, THE DEVELOPING LABOR LAW (John E. Higgins, Jr. et al. eds., 5th ed. 2006 & Supps.). Member, State Bars of Georgia and Alabama. ** Managing Partner in the firm of Constangy, Brooks & Smith, LLP, Macon, Georgia. Oglethorpe University (B.A. magna cum laude, 1988); Georgia State University (M.A., 1990); Columbia University (J.D., 1993). Law Clerk to the Honorable Duross Fitzpatrick, United States District Judge for the Middle District of Georgia (1993-1995). Member, State Bar of Georgia. *** Managing Partner in the firm of Constangy, Brooks & Smith, LLP, Macon, Georgia. University of Georgia (B.B.A., cum laude, 1991); Mercer University, Walter F. George School of Law (J.D., magna cum laude, 1994). Member, Mercer Law Review (1992-1994); Administrative Editor (1993-1994). Chapter Editor, THE DEVELOPING LABOR LAW (John E. Higgins, Jr. et al. eds., 5th ed. 2006 & Supps.). Member, State Bar of Georgia. **** Associate in the firm of Constangy, Brooks & Smith, LLP, Macon, Georgia. University of Georgia (B.A., magna cum laude, 2004); Georgia State School of Law (J.D., magna cum laude, 2008). Member, Georgia State Law Review (2006-2008). Contributing Editor, THE DEVELOPING LABOR LAW (John E. Higgins, Jr. et al. eds., 5th ed. 2006 & Supps.). Member, State Bar of Georgia. The Authors would like to thank Sarah Phaff (J.D. candidate, Mercer University, Walter F. George School of Law, 2013) and John Weltin (J.D. candidate, Mercer University, Walter F. George School of Law, 2012) for their outstanding work in helping to research for and write this Article. 1. For analysis of Georgia labor and employment law during the prior survey period, see W. Melvin Haas III et al., Labor and Employment Law, Annual Survey of Georgia Law,


The vaporization of liquid or boil-off-gas (BOG), which is caused by the heat absorption from the surroundings is one of the main issues in treating a liquefied gas (LNG) storage tank. In the offshore, sloshing can be occurred in the LNG storage tank and lead convective heat transfer in the tank. The generation of BOG is directly related to the convective heat transfer in the storage tank. In this work, the evaporative heat rate from the liquid-vapor interface in a storage tank is numerically investigated by solving the conservation equations for mass momentum and energy with a commercial CFD software FLUENT. The VOF method is used for tracking the liquid-gas interface. The effect of sloshing of a partially filled containner on convection and evaporation heat transfer in the storage tank is investigated.


Purpose – The objective of this paper is to investigate the lifestyles of contemporary Chinese affluent consumers and their influences on a number of consumption variables such as brand preference (local versus foreign), attitudes toward innovative products, luxury consumption, impulse purchases, etc.Design/methodology/approach – Survey data were collected from 1,317 consumers across 17 cities in China. Five lifestyle factors were identified and further verified through a confirmatory factor analysis. Multiple regression analyses were performed to explore the relationships between lifestyles and consumption patterns.Findings – The results showed that affluent Chinese consumers, though apparently similar in terms of wealth possession, exhibited very different patterns in their purchase and consumption behaviors. For instance, consumers with a salient "need‐for‐uniqueness" trait were found to be quite contingent on consuming goods for being distinctive. The price conscious consumers were somehow over‐confid...


• members provide care to a common group of patient/clients; • members develop common goals for patient/client outcomes and work toward those goals; • appropriate roles and functions are assigned to each member, and each member understands the roles of the other members; • the team possesses a mechanism for sharing information; and • the team possesses a mechanism to oversee the carrying out of plans, to assess outcomes, and to make adjustments based on the results of those outcomes.


Designers have to consider voice of customer, process capability, manufacturing standards & condition, manufacturing method and characteristics of products to decide tolerances. Especially, in case of position of hole and pin, designers have to consider process capability to decide tolerances. The traditional position tolerances used in a drawing are theoretical values which are allocated to position under the worst case assembling condition that both hole and pin are the maximum material condition(MMC). However, when the process capability is high, more exact product size can be produced under stable manufacturing condition. Larger clearance of hole and pin can be allocated. In this point of view, manufacturer could increase the yield by allocating larger position tolerance than theoretical position tolerance of hole and pin considering process capability.


The subject of the paper is to examine the importance of the use of the social network Facebook in women's entrepreneurship with the aim of encouraging the development or improvement of existing business of women entrepreneurs engaged in SMEs, through the use of this modern interactive and marketing tool. The paper is of a general and overview character and aims to inform all interested parties about the importance and manner of using the social network Facebook in the development of entrepreneurial business, by undertaking marketing and promotional activities and by the possibility of establishing cooperation, participation, collaborations and interactions with different partners in their everyday business environment. In the era of digital technologies, social media marketing has a wide development, offering entrepreneurs cooperation and connection with customers. Social media platform is a vital channel for reaching customers for businesses. Facebook is a kind of public space where all initiatives are welcome. Its technology relaxes all the entry barriers for all entrepreneurs, because starting a small business on Facebook does not require digital or legal expertise, entry costs or even a high level of digital literacy. Women's entrepreneurship refers to women or groups of women who discover new economic opportunities and activities, by actively running and managing a business. Using Facebook as a marketing tool to achieve goals, allows women entrepreneurs to gain greater visibility and popularization in the market, while also avoiding facing business inequality. Through the content analysis, the paper points out the attractiveness of the social network Facebook, as a modern digital communication space, which provides fast and viral dissemination of information for various purposes, and thus women entrepreneurs can find their way to their customers or other partners, to promote and sell their products or services, with the ultimate goal of surviving and improving their business.


The article investigates the legal nature of law positions of the Constitutional Court and judiciary practice legal foundations as sources of the right that are under the formation process. The conclusion is that Russia is not only of the Post-Soviet states which ranks legal positions of the Constitutional Court and legal foundations of judiciary practice to the sources of the right


Setting in the mobile robots in the damageable unknown environment, the paper is to do research on the self-repair design for recombining the internal control system by the self-reconfigurable-robots' reconfigurable control algorithms in remote control application. This paper discussed the reconfigurable design preventing being damaged later from the aspects of the reconfigurable and self-repairable subassembly design of the remote control system, the embedded operating system design of the self-reconfigurable robots, operating system scheduling for the hardware mission, operating system scheduling for the software system, multiprocessing embedded supported cooperative system and Multi-Agent System principle etc.


This articls uses the reform of New Zealand's state-owned enterprises from 1984–1995 to highlight two lessons for public sector reform from New Institutional Economics. First, failure to apply agency, property rights and transaction cost theory in tandem can lead to time-consuming pauses and policy shifts in a reform programme. Second, a discriminating alignment between the institutional environment and the regulatory governance structure chosen is crucial for successful privatization in industries characterized by economies of scale, large non-redeployable investments and extremely political output such as telecommunications and electricity.


Abstract We used microsatellite marker data taken from Scandinavian brown bear (Ursus arctos) tissue samples collected by hunters and biologists to estimate population genetic parameters important for bear management. Specifically, we show evidence of a small effective population size (N̂e = 44.8; 95% CI: 30.9 to 73.2) and low rates of immigration (m̂ = 0.01; 95% CI: 0.00 to 0.05) into the brown bear population along the southern edge of their range in Scandinavia. The ratio of genetic effective size to population size is approximately 0.06–0.14, which falls within the range of values found in previous studies of brown bears. The large confidence intervals around the immigration estimate reflect considerable uncertainty. Nonetheless, these values deserve attention because they are near thresholds of short-term management concern and worthy of long-term monitoring. If the genetic effective size remains this small and immigration remains low, then this population could be subject to the loss of fitness as a consequence of inbreeding effects.


The vapor pressure of Tm has been measured by two modifications of the Knudsen effusion method, covering the temperature region from 809 to 1219 deg K. The results may be expressed by eq. 3. This represents a heat of sublimation of - -57.44 plus or minus 0.20 kcal for this temperature region, which is somewhat lower than would be expected for a normal trivalent rare earth element, but appears reasonable for Tm in which the binding may perhaps be weaker due to the nearly filled 4f shell in this metal. (auth)


In this article,analysis on the fault system and tectonic evolvement in research area indicates that faults clearly control uranium distribution because main the ore body locates near the fault.Fault action is not only active,but also destructive to uranium metallization to some extent.The phases of the structual evolvement decide metallogenic process,period and persistence of stripped target stratum,and control metallogenic type and phases.Hereby,the four metallogenic phases,include phreatic oxidation,early interlayer oxidation,later interlayer oxidation and new interlayer oxidation,are divided.Different tectonic stress determines the directions of groundwater recharge and uranium source region.The groundwater flowed from southeast in early and later interlayer oxidation phases,whose uranium source region was Yinshan mountain system which was rich in uranium,and formed 120 Ma and 80 Ma uranium ore-body.The groundwater flowed from northwest in the new interlayer oxidation phase,and the uranium source region was Luliang mountain which was poor in uranium.If mineralization is only controlled by the new interlayer oxidation belt,it will be poor.The uranium ore-body will richen when the ore-bodies stack and rebuild together in the old and new interlayer oxidation belts.The uranium ages in the new interlayer oxidation belt are 20 Ma and 8 Ma.


The city of Dongguan in the Pearl River Delta region of southern China lies squarely in the region known as the "workshop of the world." In 2014, Dongguan's government launched its "Replacing Humans with Robots" policy, calling for manufacturers to upgrade their industrial production equipment. The policy implies a belief in 'technological determinism,' insofar as it champions the role of technology in helping firms better manage rising labor costs. This transformation of the manufacturing process from humans to robots is made possible, however, only if manufacturers are given sufficient incentives to engage in the transformation. This paper reveals manufacturers' reasons for industrial upgrading as they seek to achieve competitive advantage through improved productivity, enhanced product quality, and achieving greater brand recognition.


In the recent years, clinical researchers are identifying the occurrence of panic disorder (PD) in children and adolescents. The clinical description is identical than in adult's PD. Prevalence in scholar population varies between 0,6 and 4,7% (Whitaker et al., 1990; Zgourides y Warren, 7988). PD has been mainly associated to depression and separation anxiety disorder. Because of the lock of information about the etiology of PD in children and adolescents, adult's theories ore reviewed. The existence of PD in the youth is supported by authors. The incipient state of the research of PD in this population and the need of new information is emphasized


Noteworthy studies of Daniel Defoe's Roxana (1724) have generally evaluated the novel in one of two ways. It has been taken either as another novelistic venture into the puritan autobiographical tradition,1 or it has been explained as a novel of nascent psychological realism.2 While the application of the spiritual autobiographical framework-with its tendency to 'stress the importance of the spiritual welfare of the individual"3'is a viable method of apprehending Robinson Crusoe or Moll Flanders, it is less appropriate in the case of Roxana, and I think the "psychological" critics are quite right to emphasize the central importance of mind and psychology rather than soul aa'd morality. From the eighteenth century on, according to Ernest Tuveson, 'there has been an absorbing interest in abnormal conditions of the mind,4 and even from the late seventeenth century the psychiatric theorizing of physicians "were probably read more widely than in any previous age."5 The availability of published medical opinion and the interest in psychological theory captured the concern of many writers in the eighteenth centuryi as G.S. Rousseau has argued:


By means of the nonlocal response theory, we demonstrate that the radiative lifetime of confined excitons with a nondipole-type wavefunction can be drastically controlled by manipulating the nanoscale spatial structure of the radiation field


Just as its name suggests, Yancheng City was named after its salt production. The sea-salt culture of the Yanfu Region could find its trace in the city's history, administration, economy, place names, character of the local people, art, manners and customs, etc..


This paper describes a method for spatial tracking of a strapdown device that can be used for design of human-computer interfaces. Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) is used to obtain 6-dof position exploiting the so-called ZUPT technique by the means of the Kalman Filter. Additional corrections of position are done using magnetometer readings in the presence of static magnetic field induced by permanent magnet that overshadow geomagnetic field. This correction allows us to overcome drifting errors of integration of IMU readings. We have also presented comparisons of different models for magnetic field reconstruction that is crucial for this system.


Energy performance evaluations of building envelope components, including external walls, floors, roofs, ceilings, windows, and doors, are important when determining energy requirements for heating and cooling, as well as energy saving potential. Green roofs are a viable option for reducing heat gain and loss in new and existing buildings. This paper evaluates the performance of green roof systems according to soil depth and Leaf Area Index (LAI), and attempts to quantify the effects on existing low-insulation buildings. Thermal performance of green roofs is mainly dependent on soil thickness and LAI. Installation of green roofs in existing buildings can lead to improvements in roof insulation, due to the soil layer. An increase in soil depth leads to a decrease in heating load, regardless of changes in the LAI. Larger LAI values lower the roof surface temperatures and reduce cooling loads in summer. A simulation study shows that the installation of green roof systems in existing buildings with low insulation levels, due to low thermal performance requirements when constructed, could improve the energy performance of the buildings. Installation of green roofs in old buildings could meet the requirements of the recent strict thermal performance regulations, thus, becoming a good green restoration option.


Little is known about morbidity for children with rare structural congenital anomalies. This European, population-based data-linkage cohort study analysed data on hospitalisations and surgical procedures for 5948 children born 1995–2014 with 18 rare structural congenital anomalies from nine EUROCAT registries in five countries. In the first year of life, the median length of stay (LOS) ranged from 3.5 days (anotia) to 53.8 days (atresia of bile ducts). Generally, children with gastrointestinal anomalies, bladder anomalies and Prune-Belly had the longest LOS. At ages 1–4, the median LOS per year was ≤3 days for most anomalies. The proportion of children having surgery before age 5 years ranged from 40% to 100%. The median number of surgical procedures for those under 5 years was two or more for 14 of the 18 anomalies and the highest for children with Prune-Belly at 7.4 (95% CI 2.5–12.3). The median age at first surgery for children with atresia of bile ducts was 8.4 weeks (95% CI 7.6–9.2) which is older than international recommendations. Results from the subset of registries with data up to 10 years of age showed that the need for hospitalisations and surgery continued. The burden of disease in early childhood is high for children with rare structural congenital anomalies.


Motion estimation (ME) is one of the element keys in video compression that takes up to 60% in processing time. Block matching algorithm (BMA) is a technique that is used to reduce the computational complexity of ME algorithm due to its efficiency and good performance. Strategy of searching is one of the factors in developing motion estimation algorithm that has the potential to provide good performance. This study aims to implement several selected BMAs for achieving the least number of computations and to give better Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) values using different video sequences. The proposed algorithms are modified based on the search strategy adapted from the standard algorithms approach. The results have proved that both modification algorithms (MDS and MARPS) have the potential in reducing the number of computations and achieved good PSNR values in all motion types as compared to DS and ARPS respectively. This work could be improved by using metaheuristic algorithms approach such as particle swarm optimization (PSO), artificial bee colony (ABC), tabu search (TS) and etc to provide the better result of PSNR values without increasing the number of computations


Looks at the contradiction between commercial needs and scholarship such as in the area of copyright. Proposes the need for a serious debate on what is required from an electronic environment for scholarship, then act to set about constructing it. In particular sees the need to consider how the minority subjects, languages and concerns which are the peculiar prerogative of the humanities are to be served by rather than dictated to by networks and how the products of small learned societies are to be made available wherever and whenever needed. Finally the academic community has to begin to look at how non-commercial products of scholarship are to be made available and preserved or the future.


Hydro-alcoholic extract of bark of Orthosiphon stamnineus Benth (HAEOSB) was studied for its in-vivo anti-inflammatory potential using Carageenen induced rat paw edema and cotton pellet induced granuloma mehods. The result of study indicated that Hydro-alcoholic extract possess significant anti-inflammatory activity at doses 500 and 750 mg/kg.


Benchmarking provides increasingly useful information for state higher education boards. This chapter provides information on how boards use benchmarking in their operations.


The spot detection phase of the 2-DE image analysis program segments a gel image into spot regions by an image segmentation algorithm and fits the spot regions to a spot shape model and quantifies the spot informations for the next phases. Currently the watershed algorithm is generally used as the segmentation algorithm and there are the Gaussian model and the diffusion model for the shape model. The diffusion model is closer to real spot shapes than the Gaussian model however spots have very various shapes and especially an asymmetric formation in x-coordinate and y-coordinate. The reason for asymmetric formation of spots is known that a protein could not be diffused completely because the 2-DE could not be processed under the ideal environment usually. Accordingly we propose an asymmetric diffusion model in this paper. The asymmetric diffusion model assumes that a protein spot is diffused from a disc at initial time of diffusing process, but is diffused asymmetrically for x-axis and y-axis respectively as time goes on. In experiments we processed spot matching for 19 gel images by using three models respectively and evaluated averages of SNR for comparing three models. As averages of SNR we got 14.22dB for the Gaussian model, 20.72dB for the diffusion model and 22.85dB for the asymmetric diffusion model. By experimental results we could confirm the asymmetric diffusion model is more efficient and more adequate for spot matching than the Gaussian model and the diffusion model.


Background: Influenza is a world-wide public health concern. It is one of the most important viral causes of acute respiratory illness, affecting all age groups, recurring several times during a lifetime. We assessed the antibody titers after vaccination against influenza among HIV-infected patients and health care workers (HCWs). Patients and methods: During this before-after study, the antibody responses were assessed in 60 HCW and 60 HIVinfected patients vaccinated with split influenza vaccine (influvac® 2005/2006 Solvay's influenza vaccines for the influenza season 2005/2006 in the northern hemisphere). Results: Although all participants had protective antibody levels against A(H1N1), A(H3N2), and B components of trivalent influenza vaccine (before vaccination), HIV-infected patients showed seroconversion against A(H1N1), A(H3N2), and B components in 75%, 45%, and 28.3% of cases, respectively. The corresponding values were 70%, 33.3%, and 53.3% among HCWs, respectively. There were no repots of any vaccine adverse reaction. Conclusion: A comparable rise in antibody titers against influenza antigens without any adverse reaction supports the previous recommendations for influenza vaccination. Such programs can effectively decrease the probability of influenza infection in both HCWs and HIV-infected patients who are not seriously immune compromised.


Shielded MR heads in which the sensor and shields intersect the air bearing surface (ABS) are attractive for high density recording', When the exposed metal stripe of such a head contacts a disk asperity during flying, impact and frictional heating momentarily raise the stripe temperature and hence its re sistance, resulting in a thermal signal which may be comparable to or exceed the magnetic read-back signal. Such thermal spikes can be a significant source of noise', and very large signals could cause hard errors, An extreme example of a. th�rma! sign!!.! superposed an a reed-back signal is ShOV'l!l in Figure 1. This paper discusses some of the characteristics of such thermal signals,


The paper presents the research and experiments realized in order to obtain ecologically sustainable asphalt mixtures. The preparing and laying temperature is lowered with the help of an admixture. The energy consumption is also reduced. From the ecological point of view, this method reduces the amount of greenhouse gases produced by heating the bitumen and the natural aggregates and in the process of laying the asphalt mixtures. The preparation of the asphalt mixtures is realized at about 140 - 155°C, the laying at 120°C and the compaction at 90 - 100°C. The experimental section realized on County Road 665 Tg. Jiu (Curtisoara) – Novaci – Baia de Fier – Polovragi, Gorj County, in Romania, proves the ecological, technical and economical efficiency of the ecologically sustainable asphalt mixtures.


Virtually all branches of science give advice on how to interpret statistics related to their field. The field of Systems Dynamics suggests that the pattern of observable events resulting from a system provides insights into the structure of a system. With OHS, the events of significance are workplace injuries and incidents. The pattern of events, eg correlations or trends over time, is used to determine the causes of injuries and incidents and to elucidate the structure of the system that caused them.


The work reported in this paper is a study of airflow and heat transfer for low turbulent buoyancy-driven flow in a rectangular cavity partially filled with solid cylindrical obstacles. The two vertical walls were maintained at constant temperatures giving a temperature differential of 42.2 °C and Rayleigh number of 1.45 × 109. An experimental thermal rig was designed and fabricated as part of the research programme. A systematic numerical investigation has been carried out by validating the numerical results against experimental data collected during this research. Steady state temperature data for the mid-height and mid-width of the cavity displayed a stable core region and the average core temperature was found to be significantly influenced by the product (solid objects) arrangement along the horizontal and vertical directions respectively. It is believed that the results reported in this paper would be valuable for a greater understanding of the complex thermo-fluidic process.


Introduction. When asked to define his field, G. N. Lewis said, "Physica chemistry is a point of view." It is not necessary to be labelled "physica chemist" to have a physical chemical point of view, and no two physical chem. ists have exactly the same point of view. My point of view on plasma extenders was developed largely while I was studying plasma extenders during and immediately after World War 11. In physiological and medical problems the physical chemist sees a relative14 simple picture, which may be helpful by definitely answering some question: closely related to more complex physiological questions, or he sometimes helps by asking simple questions. It is surprising how often it helps merely to have around a person who is not overimpressed by words, by equations, or bq apparatus. Price of Plasma Extenders. As the now-fashionable title implies, in a plasma extender you are buying plasma volume. Many materials will furnish it, and the most important question is, '(What do you have to pay?" So much material is being demanded now that the price in dollars is huge, but other cost: are much more important. The first price is the possibility of straining the heart, which is already ir difficulty. This depends upon the viscosity of the blood. The physical chemist should be able to help the physician by showing him how to obtain the mosi volume with the least increase of viscosity. The second price is possible damage to a kidney, which is already in trouble by the too rapid elimination of molecules just under the size which is retained The British clinicians appear to be very much afraid of this kind of damage The physical chemist cannot appraise it, but he should be able to help avoid it Then we have damage due to deposition, which may block important cham nels. This depends largely upon the surface area of the molecules, and ma) well be much less specific than is currently believed. I think we may dispose of two other specific prices (infection by bacteria or virus) bq saying that we are unwilling to pay this price for any amount of plasma volume Except for this infection, all costs increase at least proportionally to the amounl of material needed. The physical chemist can help by telling you how tc obtain the most volume with the least material. Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure. It seems worth while to consider how a plasma extender functions, and why water alone, or saline, is not sufficient FIGURE l1 shows a membrane, through which water can pass, separating twc solutions. A piston permits change of pressure. The difference in height oj liquid in the two capillaries measures the difference in pressure on the twc solutions, and the rate of change of height in the one connected to the lowei solution measures the rate of passage of water through the membrane.


merely existing. The excommunication of intentional action is of course intelligible: keeping intentionality as a part of the definition of agency would imply a difference between physically determined events and intentional collective human action, which for all those who accept the dichotomy between difference and independence on the one hand, and identity and dependence on the other, would mean that one constructs an untenable cleavage between nature and humanity. According to Malm, the political problem of the exclusion of intentionality from agency is at least twofold: without intentionality one cannot imagine the collective action on a mass scale that is needed to stop climate change, and one cannot mobilise that movement against the intentional action of profit-making rooted in the activity of digging up, selling, and burning fossil fuel. Alongside the critical reading of contemporary theory, Malm also presents a positive defence of a specific version of historical materialism. With the help of arguments from, among others, Dale Jacquette's philosophy of mind and the 'critical realism' of Roy Bhaskar, Dave Elder-Vass and Margaret Archer, Malm argues that historical materialism ought to be understood as a 'substance monist materialist property dualism'. This means that the substance of the world is material, while society and humanity emerge from, and therefore are dependent on, nature while simultaneously having irreducible properties of their own. Malm points out that the tradition of historical materialism, with its emphasis both on difference and unity, has been an effective alternative to Cartesianism from the very beginning. The positive defense of historical materialism is no less persuasive than the critique of contemporary theory. However, because Malm engages the school of critical realism in his defense of historical materialism, one would have expected references to, if not an engagement with, theoreticians who already have investigated the relation between Marxism and critical realism (for example Brown et al., 2002; Callinicos, 2006; Creaven, 2000; Creaven, 2007; Gunnarsson, 2013). Moreover, if what is in opposition to the Cartesian tradition in Marx has a lot to do with GWF Hegel, it would be interesting if Malm would deal with that relation in the future – not least given that a dialectical version of critical realism does exist, but which is also omitted in the book.


A few basic ideas about fundamental psychotropic drug structures and mechanisms can be stated: Two drugs that are very similar in pharmacological structure can differ wildly in clinical effect. Two drugs that differ markedly in pharmacological structure can exert similar clinical effects. Understanding pharmacological structure is most useful for appreciating classification with similar agents structurally. Clinical conclusions should be based, however, on clinical confirmation or refutation of similarity of effect to other drugs in the same class. No a priori clinical judgments should be made based primarily on pharmacological structure. Structure is a beginning point to understand what drugs do, not the end. This chapter details the pharmacological structure of the main drug classes and specific agents within those drug classes. Similarities and differences of chemical structure are examined. Pharmacodynamic mechanisms of action in the brain, at the synapse and postsynaptically, are discussed.


Roles and Responsibilities Everyone • Act in a respectful way, without personal attack or inappropriate language • (It can be a good idea to allow a little 'cool down ' time before reacting.) • Get all the facts before getting too upset – you ma y have an incomplete or inaccurate story • Do as you say you will do • Take along an advocate or ask support person if you wish. • Suspend meeting if any person(s) behaves in an insu lting or offensive manner Parents/Carers Staff


Complexity is usually referred to as the degree of interrelatedness of components within a system. This paper explores the interrelatedness of components within complex social networks by using social network concepts adapted from `structural holes' theory. Analogous to Shannon's Entropy, the study operationalises `interrelatedness' in terms of the extent to which network ties transmit information that is unique and non-redundant based on structural positions of components within a complex social network. We term this index the `Information Redundancy Index' (IRI), developed by combining structural holes measures of `efficiency' and `constraint' to determine the extent of redundant information exchange between components. The study then demonstrates how `Information Redundancy', as a proxy for complexity, can be used to associate with project worker performance in terms of interrelatedness. It is hypothesized that higher levels of `Information Redundancy' within an individual's social network have a detrimental effect on individual performance. Empirical results, from a pilot study of 17 real estate agents show a significant negative correlation between `efficiency' and performance providing partial support for the hypothesis. These results are promising by paving the way for future studies to use social network metrics to capture system-level interactions that emerge in complex social systems. This has significant implications for future development of a practical managerial toolkit for project professionals in an increasingly complex world.


This article discusses two methods of confirming stock-swap ratio in stock-swap deal. On the basis of the analysis of company's value, the paper expounds the FFCF model and the P/E model, compares their differences in premise and hypothesis, and confirms the exchange-ratio extension and the application conditions, in order to get the success of stock-swap deal.


The geographical location of the Sundarban Tiger Reserve lies between 88° 10̍ E to 89° 51̍ E and 21° 31̍ N to 22° 30̍ N, covering the major portions of the North and South 24 Parganas district of the state West Bengal. The Sundarbans is the largest mangrove ecosystem in the world and a UNESCO world heritage site known for its pristine natural forest and the associated cultural heritage. The reserve is abode to numerous flora and fauna including the apex species Royal Bengal Tiger and three other lesser cats. Moreover, it acts as the natural barrier to the various cyclones and storm surges that arise due to various weather phenomena in the Bay of Bengal. As a result of Global Warming and the resultant Climate change the frequency of such events are increasing more than any other part in the world. In recent times ground truthing of GIS data indicated that some of the areas are getting submerged into the tidal water courses due to sea level rise. Moreover increasing frequency and the impact of cyclones, rill and gully erosion, and severe landslides which are the integral parts of an active delta formation have accelerated the dynamism. It is important to note that, new land formation and frequent landslides in the riparian area may compensate for each other on a larger scale but it is difficult to modulate the impacts on the overall wildlife and the ecosystem in a specific area. To understand the past dynamics of the ecosystem and ascertaining the future of the landscape under the ensuing climatic scenario and the interventions required in the wildlife management of the reserve is discussed in the paper.
KEYWORDS: Sundarban Tiger Reserve, UNESCO, global warming, sea level rise, erosion, wildlife, elevation.


The utility model discloses an upper limb pressurization bone fracture plate which has an arc-shaped cross section. A plurality of elliptical pressurization holes are uniformly provided in a longitudinal direction. Two sides of a lower end face are uniformly provided with a plurality of arc-shaped recesses. The cross section of the upper limb pressurization bone fracture plate is arc-shaped. The structure improves bending fracture resistance of the bone fracture plate and enlarges a multidirectional stress for preventing loosening pulling-out of screws.


Currently, the most common method for detecting prosthetic implant loosening is imaging. Unfortunately, imaging methods are imprecise in detecting the early signs of implant loosening. This paper describes a new wireless inductive proximity sensor system for detecting early implant loosening. The loosening of the implant is accurately detected by analyzing the electromagnetic field generated by the passive sensors located around the implant. The sensor system was modeled and simulated using COMSOL, and then tested experimentally. The inductive proximity sensor and the metallic implant form a coupled circuit is tuned to oscillate at a designed frequency. The circuit's integrated controller measures and records specific sensor's parameters such as resistance and inductance of the sensor that are directly related to the distance between the sensor system and the implant. A prototype has been developed and the results show that the designed proximity sensor is capable of measuring the loosening of the hip implant at <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{50}\ \mu$</tex-math></inline-formula>m resolution at distances of less than <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{8 mm}$</tex-math></inline-formula>, and of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{100}\ \mu$</tex-math></inline-formula>m resolution at a distance of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{15 mm}$</tex-math></inline-formula>. Furthermore, there is a good correlation between the simulated and experimental results.


This article studys the colored light change of white,bleach and decolored cashmere in finishing process.By following cashmere scarf finishing,sorts of elements which affect the colored light change are studied.The colored light change will be mostly controlled by adjusting technology parameters.The result shows that adding brighting agent can drop the yellow change degree,colour fixing can remarkably increase fastness rating,softing agent with antistatic agent can drop the yellow change,the colored light change of fabric can be clearly droped by the drying and steaming temperature controled strictly.


Among the numerous explanations offered for the origin of the American dollar sign, no one seems to have raised the question of whether the dollar sign may have the same ancestry as the word "dollar." There is no doubt about the etymology of "dollar." It is derived from the German word Thaler, through the Dutch daalder. Furthermore, it is certain that Thaler is an abbreviation of Joachimsthaler.


We present a basic introduction to the Super Poincare algebra in 4D, then constructthe N = 1 Super Yang-Mills in 4D. By analogue we expand to the case of N = 1 Super Yang-Mills in 10D. Then by a me ...


Virginia Woolf's To the Lighthouse reveals the ethical philosophy in regard to the subject's relation to the 'other.' The narrator...


A Method for detecting the subject metabolic diseases is provided. The method includes introducing a blood sample comprising leukocytes collected from the subject into the test system, to analyze the quantitative feature of the lipid body of the white blood cells, comprising the steps, wherein the blood sample taken from the subject If the value of the quantitative feature of the lipid body in said leukocytes are significantly different from the threshold value, the subject is detected as having a metabolic disorder. .The 10


The Reflection Grating Spectrometer experiment (RGS) on the X-ray Multi-Mirror Mission spacecraft (XMM) of the European Space Agency (ESA) consists of two identical instruments behind two of the three high throughput X-ray telescopes. The instruments will achieve high energy resolution and high efficiency in the combined first and second order of diffraction in the wavelength range between 5 and 35 Å. The design incorporates an array of reflection gratings placed n the converging beam at the exit from the X-ray telescope. The grating stack picks off roughly half of the X-ray light and diffracts it to the array of charge-coupled device (CCD) detectors offset from the telescope focal plane. The remaining light passes undeflected through the grating stack where it can be utilised by instruments located in the focal plane. Both the gratings and the detector are placed on the Rowland circle. The reflection gratings diffract first, second and third order at high to moderate efficiency. The separation of the spectral orders is accomplished using the energy resolution of the CCD detectors. A set of ten CCD-chips (nine for spectroscopy, one for wavelength calibration) are arranged in a strip oriented tangentially to the Rowland circle. Since the optical design is nearly stigmatic, the spectrum of an on-axis point source will appear as a line image along the detector array. In order to reduce noise and dark current an operational temperature of -80°C is adopted for the CCD's. The cooling is provided through a passive radiator. The chips are read out sequentially with a common electronics chain. Each chip is configured in an "image and store" mode in which the image is first acquired over half the chip and transferred to the other half for storage prior to read out.


Recognition of handwritten Bangla characters has drawn considerable attention recently. The Bangla language is rich with characters of various styles such as numerals, basic characters, and compound and modifier characters. The inherent variation in individual writing styles, along with the complex, cursive nature of characters, makes the recognition task more challenging. To compare the outcomes of handwritten Bangla character recognition, this study considers two different approaches. The first one is classifier-based, where a hybrid model of the feature extraction technique extracts the features and a multiclass support vector machine (SVM) performs the recognition. The second one is based on a convolution neural network (CNN). For recognition, we considered 10 Bangla numerals, 50 basic characters, and a subset of compound characters that are frequently used in the Bangla language. Experimental results demonstrate that the CNN model outperforms the traditional classifier-based approach, obtaining 98.04%, 99.68%, and 98.18% recognition accuracy for Bangla basic characters, numerals, and the subset of compound characters, respectively.


A green synthesis route of metal oxide has been developed to synthesize the V2O5 nanoparticles. V2O5 was synthesized using Foeniculum vulgare stems extract (FSE) and ammonium monovanadate as precursors. The role of secondary metabolite compounds affect the particle size of V2O5. The crystalline phase and crystallite size of V2O5 were investigated by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) with the orthorhombic crystalline phase and the average crystallite size around 78.6 nm. The presence of functional groups was evaluated by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR). The morphology, particle size, and chemical composition of V2O5 were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Tunneling Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX). V2O5 nanoparticles show a good catalytic activity for the reduction of methylene blue (MB).


[Biographers] frequently select the hero as the object of study because, for personal reasons of their own emotional life, they have a special affection for him from the very outset. They then devote themselves to a work of idealization, which strives to enroll the great man among their infantile models, and to revive through him, as it were, their infantile conceptions of the father. For the sake of this wish they wipe out the individual features in his physiognomy, they rub out the traces of his life's struggle with inner and outer resistances, and do not tolerate in him anything savoring of human weakness or imperfection; they then give us a cold, strange, ideal form instead of a man to whom we could feel distantly related. It is to be regretted that they do this, for they thereby sacrifice the truth to an illusion, and for the sake of their infantile fantasies they let slip the opportunity to penetrate into the most attractive secrets of human nature.


Several activities in which population dynamics can be modelled by tossing M&M's® candy are presented. Physical activities involving M&M's® can be modelled by difference equations and several population phenomena, including death and immigration, are studied.


Purpose This study aimed to explore the genomic and transcriptomic landscape of bladder cancer (BC) and its implication for treatment with an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI). Materials and Methods We analyzed whole-exome and -transcriptome sequences of tumor samples from 64 BC patients who underwent surgical resection with either transurethral resection or radical cystectomy. For exploratory purposes, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression was evaluated in a subset of patients (n=57) including those treated with ICI (n=8). Results We identified frequent molecular dysregulations in chromatin regulatory genes (KDM6A, ARID1A, MLL2, and STAG2) and recurrent copy number alterations. Thirty-five samples (54.7%) were PD-L1–positive (PD-L1 combined positive score ≥ 1) with a significantly higher exonic tumor mutational burden (TMB) compared to PD-L1–negative BC samples (p=0.010). We observed that various immune-responsive pathways, including the PD-L1 signaling pathway, were enriched significantly in PD-L1–positive BCs. Interestingly, genes in the CTLA4 pathway were enriched significantly in PD-L1–positive BC as well. Among eight patients who received ICI, progressive disease was confirmed in one patient, whose tumor had low exonic TMB, negative PD-L1 status, and a relatively colder microenvironment. Conclusion Gaining new insights into the molecular landscape of BC will improve treatment strategies. Our analysis suggests a rationale for studying dual checkpoint inhibition against BC.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the outcome of total hip arthroplasty in canine hindlimb amputees.

STUDY DESIGN
Retrospective evaluation of clinical cases.

METHODS
Data recorded from the medical records of nine dogs included patient signalment, indication for amputation and total hip arthroplasty (THA), interval between amputation and THA, and surgical complications. Radiographs were used to assess implant orientation and evidence of complications. Functional outcome was assessed using direct patient evaluation by one of the authors or primary surgeons, or through telephone interview between the primary author and the owner.

RESULTS
Seven dogs ultimately had a good or excellent clinical results. Complications occurred in five dogs. Four dogs luxated the prosthetic joint without an obvious traumatic event within 9 weeks of the initial surgery. Revision surgeries resulted in successful coxofemoral reduction in three of four dogs. There were no clinical or radiographic findings suggestive of implant loosening or infection.

CONCLUSION
THA can be a successful salvage procedure in the canine hindlimb amputee with disabling, non-neoplastic, noninfectious coxofemoral disease. The risk of luxation in the early postoperative period is high and revision surgery is required for stabilization.


Myasthenic crisis may be defined as respiratory failure or delayed extubation after surgical treatment for more than 24 hours resulting from myasthenic weakness. Myasthenic crisis results from weakness of upper airway muscles leading to obstruction and aspiration, weakness of respiratory muscles leading to reduced tidal volumes, or weakness of both muscle groups. About 1/5 of patients with myasthenia gravis experience crisis, usually within the first year of illness. Over the last four decades, prognosis from myasthenic crisis has dramatically improved from a mortality rate of 75 % to the current rate of less than 5 %. Myasthenic crisis should not be fatal, as long as patients receive timely respiratory support and appropriate immunotherapy to reduce myasthenic weakness of the respiratory muscles. In the last years there are more reports about the development of urgent conditions in patients with myasthenia gravis in the early postoperative period after thymectomy. Long-term follow-up monitoring for the study effects of thymectomy in patients with myasthenia gravis, conducted in the department of thoracic surgery of State Institution «Institute of General and Emergency Surgery named after V.T. Zaitsev of National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine» showed that the incidence of early postoperative myasthenic crisis amounted 9.2–12.3 % of cases and was associated with the degree of compensation of bulbar and respiratory disorders before the surgery. This reflects the importance of an adequate selection of the dose of anticholinesterase drugs in the preoperative stage for effective compensation neurosomatic disorders and favorable postoperative prognosis. As an example, the complicated course of generalized myasthenia gravis after thymthymomectomy was described.


Background: To date, no trial has directly compared biologics for the treatment of uncontrolled severe asthma and the choice of biologic has been largely guided by biological and practical considerations, such as inflammatory biomarkers, blood and sputum eosinophils, and access and payer coverage. Study design: Systematic review and network meta-analysis Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and clinicaltrials.gov from inception to May 31, 2022 for randomized trials addressing biologic therapies for asthma. Reviewers worked independently and in duplicate to screen references, extract data, and assess risk of bias. We performed a frequentist network meta-analysis and assessed the certainty (quality) of evidence using the GRADE approach. We present data as absolute risk difference per 1000 patients with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) and continuous outcomes as mean difference (MD) and 95% CI. Results: We identified 63 eligible trials, including 26,320 patients. For patients with eosinophilic asthma, tezepelumab (329 fewer exacerbations per 1000 [95% CI 272.6 to 366.6 fewer]) and dupilumab (319.6 fewer exacerbations per 1000 [95% CI 272.6 to 357.2 fewer]) reduce exacerbations compared to placebo (high certainty). Tezepelumab (MD 0.24 L [95% CI 0.16 to 0.32]) and dupilumab (0.25 L (95% CI 0.21 to 0.29) improve lung function (FEV1) compared to placebo (high certainty). Both tezepelumab (110.97 fewer hospital admissions per 1000 (95% CI 94.53 to 120.56 fewer) and dupilumab (97.27 fewer hospitalizations [4.11 to 124.67 fewer]) probably reduce hospital admissions compared to placebo (moderate certainty). For patients with low eosinophils, biologics probably do not improve asthma outcomes. For these patients, tezepelumab (MD 0.1 L [95% CI 0 to 0.19]) and dupilumab (MD 0.1 L [95% CI 0 to 0.20)] may improve lung function (low certainty). None of the biologics increased adverse events leading to discontinuation (high certainty). Conclusion: For patients with eosinophilic asthma, tezepelumab and dupilumab are effective at reducing exacerbations, without important differences in the effects of these biologics. For patients with low eosinophils, however, biologics, including tezepelumab, probably do not prevent exacerbations, improve asthma control, or lung function.


Nowadays, trials to use even higher frequencies are pursued to realize high‐speed wireless communications. In order to respond to such a trend, dielectric properties of insulating polymers at high frequencies have to be clarified, although the importance of clarifying low‐frequency properties is still very high, especially for use as high‐voltage insulators. In this regard, complex permittivity spectra from 10 mHz to 4.0 THz were obtained for various insulating polymers. The spectra obtained in the very wide frequency range are important, because they can be a valuable database and they provide various pieces of important information on dielectric characteristics.


Allowing each person's story to stand with its own color, texture, and pattern, Olga Jenkins has created a people's history of The Bahamas. Those interviewed were born between 1900 and 1942, and their voices are as varied as the populations of the eight islands the author visited, including black, white, mixed, and working- and middle-class individuals.


It is pointed out that if heavy (O(TeV)) fermion generations exist and if the source of their masses is the single doublet of the Glashow-Weinberg-Salam model )with a light ( or =M+.


This paper presents a detailed study of melting processes conducted on Hansbreen – a tidewater glacier terminating in the Hornsund fjord, Spitsbergen. The fieldwork was carried out from April to July 2010. The study included observations of meltwater distribution within snow profiles in different locations and determination of its penetration time to the glacier ice surface. In addition, the variability of the snow temperature and heat transfer within the snow cover were measured. The main objective concerns the impact of meltwater on the diversity of physical characteristics of the snow cover and its melting dynamics. The obtained results indicate a time delay between the beginning of the melting processes and meltwater reaching the ice surface. The time necessary for meltwater to percolate through the entire snowpack in both, the ablation zone and the equilibrium line zone amounted to c. 12 days, despite a much greater snow depth at the upper site. An elongated retention of meltwater in the lower part of the glacier was caused by a higher amount of icy layers (ice formations and melt-freeze crusts), resulting from winter thaws, which delayed water penetration. For this reason, a reconstruction of rain-on-snow events was carried out. Such results give new insight into the processes of the reactivation of the glacier drainage system and the release of freshwater into the sea after the winter period.


In a diurnal light/dark regimen Synechococcus RF-1 fixes N2 at a high rate but almost exclusively during the dark periods. Studying the time course of nitrogenase synthesis by using chloramphenicol and nitrate revealed that re-initiation of nitrogenase synthesis was required for nitrogen fixation to appear during the dark period. Northern blot analysis demonstrated that nitrogenase-specific mRNA expressed itself only in the dark for a culture growing in a diurnal light/dark regimen The results proved that the nitrogenase of Synechococcus RF-1 is synthesized cyclically when the organism is growing in a diurnal light/dark regimen and that this cyclic synthesis is controlled at the transcription level.


The present invention relates to an exhaust gas turbocharger (2) of the turbine housing (1), the turbine housing with a spiral having an abutment (6) an inlet (5); having an outlet (7); and arrangement having a refrigerant (8); wherein the coolant arrangement (8) having a plurality of coolant ducts (9-14), these coolant ducts branching from one inlet conduit opening section (15) and opens into an outlet the duct section (16).


BCNU is an effective antitumor agent in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease. Forty-seven percent of a group of patients with advanced disease, refractory to combination or sequential-agent chemotherapy, achieved an objective response to BCNU. Bone marrow toxicity was delayed in onset and was dose related. When incorporated into a maintenance program after remission induction with combination chemotherapy, BCNU appeared to delay, but not ultimately prevent, relapses during a 2-year followup period. Toxic effects associated with BCNU maintenance therapy in this clinical situation were significantly greater than toxic effects associated with no maintenance therapy.


Protective environment-controlled farming (PECF) technology enables quality production of desired crop and yield is independent of atmospheric conditions. Thus, PECF is a promising technology for agro-sectors to meet the global food demand. Photosynthesis is a major parameter that affects crop yield production in PECF systems. PECF systems generally consist of artificial lighting which creates photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) to ensure required photosynthesis. The duration of the photosynthesis process could be optimized to maximize the crop yield. In this paper creation of automated PAR LED light for photovoltaic-based PECF (PV_PECF) system and its real-field experimental demonstration for one full crop cycle is presented. The proposed automated PAR LED lighting system utilizes early dawn and post dusk time to increase the effective photosynthesis duration by 4 hours over 24 hours duration. The performance of the proposed automated PAR creation is experimentally demonstrated for 97 days for a tomato crop under the PV_PECF system. Specific leaf area (SLA) is used as an indicator to compare the performance of the proposed methodology with open land farming. The SLA and leaf weight values are found 11.49% and 13%, respectively higher for the PV_PECF system as compared to the crop yield from open land farming.


In a previous paper we proposed a simple and natural extension of Kaczmarz's projection algorithm (KE, for short) to inconsistent least-squares problems arising in ART image reconstruction in computerized tomography. In the present one we describe two versions of this extension for a Tikhonov regularization of the original inconsistent least-squares problem. The first version deals directly with an (augmented) equivalent formulation of the Tikhonov regularization problem, whereas the second one uses the gradient of the Tikhonov regularized functional. For both new versions of the KE algorithm we present some theoretical considerations together with numerical experiments and comparisons with the initial KE method.


: The level of purity of a target foil is very important in low cross section nuclear reactions. Carbon foils prepared by two different techniques were analyzed for their surface and bulk content of light impurities such as nitrogen, oxygen, and sodium. These data indicate that the technique used to manufacture a foil is the largest source of contamination. Foils prepared by vacuum evaporation showed sizable levels of nitrogen; oxygen, and sodium, whereas foils prepared by chemical vapor deposition were substantially purer.


This paper reviews different definitions and models of technological singularity. The models range from conceptual sketches to detailled endogenous growth models, as well as attempts to fit empirical data to quantitative models. Such models are useful for examining the dynamics of the world-system and possible types of future crisis points where fundamental transitions are likely to occur. Current models suggest that, generically, even small increasing returns tends to produce radical growth. If mental capital becomes copyable (such as would be the case for AI or brain emulation) extremely rapid growth would also become likely.


Twitter is commonly used by businesses, activists, celebrities, etc. for information campaigns. While directengagement with followers is desired, this is increasingly a chall enge for the popular nodes, which have several thousands of follower s. There is, therefore, an increasing interest in software too ls that analyze tweets and suggest suitable actions. In this paper, we give an overview of our recent work in this space addressing t wo aspects: a) Opinion estimation from tweets using collabora tive filtering, and, b) scheduling tweets in a campaign using a Mar kov decision process (MDP) formulation.


J. Carter 1,2 , F. Poulet 1 , J.-P. Bibring 1 , S.M. Murchie 3 . 1 IAS, CNRS/Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France (email@example.com). 2 ESO, Santiago, Chile, 3 Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, USA. Introduction: The recent discovery of hydrous minerals on Mars, both from orbit and in-situ [e.g. 1,2] has spawned a new era of intense scrutiny of its ancient aqueous environments. Because they can capture, concentrate, catalyze and preserve organic material, hydrous minerals (hydrated clays in particular) are potential tracers of pre-biotic and even biotic activity [e.g. 3]. As such, they are a main science driver for current and forthcoming landed missions including the Mars Science Laboratory. Using the OMEGA and CRISM imaging spectrometers [4,5], global investigations [e.g. 6,7,8] have shown that hydrated clays were widespread on early Mars (> 4 Gyrs), and dominated by Fe/Mg-rich smectites and/or vermiculites. While smectites are the dominant phase, many other types of minerals have been found, including kaolins, carbonates, serpentines, chlorites, sulfates, chlorides, zeolites, micas, opaline silica and several hydroxydes. This diversity points towards very diverse geo-chemical environments. By combining the composition to the morphology using imagery data, it is possible in some cases to derive likely geological formation/transformation scenarios, some of which may have a strong exobiological potential. Despite an intense scrutiny and the large amount of data collected, key questions regarding the aqueous alteration on Mars remain un-answered, including whether liquid water was stable or not on the surface for geological timescales. The case for a long-lasting warm and wet early Mars with widespread surface clay precipitation is challenged by climatic models [e.g. 9] and investigations of the hydrous mineralogy [7] which propose massive sub-surface formation. No definite answer has been found yet owing to the degraded state of the oldest Martian terrains and lack of ground proof. By conducting a large survey of the composition and morphological context of hydrous minerals on Mars, we present new evidence for surface formation of hydrous minerals on Mars during geological timescales, from (at least) the middle Noachian to the Late Hesperian. The diversity of compositions and settings points towards the existence of a clay cycle on early Mars which had some similarities with the clay cycle of today's Earth, and as such required an active, integrated surface and sub-surface hydrological system.


ObjectiveTo study the clinical application of retroperitoneoscopic radical nephrectomy for carcinoma of kidney.MethodsFrom November 2004 to November 2006,13 patients with carcinoma of kidney underwent the retroperitoneoscopic radical nephrectomy and the clinical data were analysed retrospectively.Clinical stages of 10 cases were T1N0M0 and 3 cases were T2N0M0.ResultsIn all cases,nephrectomies were undergone successfully by retroperitoneoscopic procedure.One of these cases was treated by hand-assisted transperitoneoscopic radical nephrectomy for the bleeding of spermatic vein.Operative time ranged from 60-255 min(mean operative time 145 min).Intraoperative blood losses were about 50-1 200 ml(mean blood loss 124 ml).12 cases were following-up from 1-17months.11 cases survived without tumors and one case found metastasis in lung in 6 months after operation.ConclusionRetroperitoneoscopic radical nephrectomy is a kind of safe,effective and efficient surgical procedure.


For many years, New York State's enterprise corruption law was grounded in a legal error. Recently, the New York Court of Appeals has sought to correct some of the doctrinal consequences of this mistake. Unfortunately, the court's solution has left the law unmoored from its original purpose, perpetuated issues of notice and legality, and heightened the risk of overcriminalization. This Comment reconstructs and analyzes these developments. It then turns to the practice of a lone (and heretofore ignored) New York State trial court judge as a potential solution to the legal and policy problems created by the current state of the law. The argument proceeds in six parts. Part I demonstrates how the federal Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO) the inspiration for New York State's enterprise corruption law-was designed to respond to the special problems that the Mafia posed for traditional law enforcement. Part II explains how New York legislators, concerned about the way the federal law threatened fair trial principles, sought to limit the reach of their state analog, the Organized Crime Control Act (OCCA). Part III shows how New York State courts eliminated many of those limits as a result of an error of statutory interpretation, creating bad doctrine. Part IV examines the way the Court of Appeals has recently tried to fix this flawed jurisprudence. Part V details some of the problems with the court's solution. Part VI proposes the use of section 210.40(2) motions under the New York Criminal Procedure Law as an alternative by which the judiciary can correct its long-standing error. Finally, a short conclusion suggests the broader implications of this possible reform.


Pear plants (Pyrus pyrifolia var. Hengshen) showing symptoms of chlorotic spots on leaves were observed in orchards in central Taiwan in 2004. The sap of diseased leaves reacted positively to Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV) antiserum. A purified virus isolate (LTS1) from pear was characterized by host range, electron microscopy, phylogenetic analyses, serological property, and back-inoculation experiments to pear. Fifteen of 28 species of tested plants were susceptible to this virus after mechanical inoculation. Pathogenicity of ACLSV isolate LTS1 was verified by back-inoculating to pear seedlings. Filamentous virions of ≈ 12 x 750 nm were observed in the preparations of purified virus. Virus particles accumulated in the cytoplasm were observed in the ultrathin sections of LTS1-infected pear leaf tissue. Sequence analyses of the coat protein (CP) gene of LTS1 and the CP gene of LTS2, which originated from a distinct symptomatic pear sample, shared 81.4% to 92.6% nucleotide and 87.6% to 98.4% amino acid identities with those of the CP of 35 ACLSV isolates available in GenBank. ACLSV isolates were grouped into four clusters, i.e., Asia I, II, III, and Europe, and isolates LTS1 and LTS2 were classified as members of cluster Asia II and Asia I, respectively, based on phylogenetic data. Moreover, the variability of amino acid sequences of the CP gene of 37 ACLSV isolates showed geographically associated clustering in the phylogenetic tree. To our knowledge, this is the first study on the characterization of ACLSV causing the leaf chlorotic spot disease of pear in Taiwan. This study also provides the phylogenetic relationships among ACLSV populations based on amino acid sequences of CPs, which are correlated with their geographic origins.


The invention provides a low-Reynolds-number wing section matched with a full-wing solar unmanned aerial vehicle. The low-Reynolds-number wing section is characterized in that the relative thickness of the wing section is 11%-13%, the maximum camber of the wind section is 2%-4%, and a chordwise position with the maximum camber is 25%-30%; the wing section has a single bent outline in a 70% chordwise range from a front edge. With a full-aircraft matching design, the checking of pneumatic characteristics of a pair of wing sections is finished by checking the corresponding pneumatic characteristics of the wing sections and applying the two wing sections to the full-wing solar unmanned aerial vehicle, and the low-Reynolds-number wing section shows good pneumatic characteristics and engineering enforceability and can meet application demands on low Reynolds number, high lift force and lift-to-drag ratio and large relative thickness of the full-wing solar unmanned aerial vehicle.


Calcinosis cutis is a chronic condition characterized by insoluble calcified deposits in the skin and subcutaneous tissue. Although there is no uniformly effective treatment for calcinosis cutis, minocycline therapy has demonstrated varying degrees of benefit in humans. Five client-owned dogs with calcinosis cutis were included. Minocycline was administered orally in a dose of 10 mg/kg bodyweight twice a day. Treatment was repeated every day until complete remission. The efficacy of minocycline was evaluated within this period. The side effects of minocycline were monitored and reported by the owners and veterinarians. Of the 5 dogs with calcinosis cutis, which was classified as the dystrophic form, four dogs had a complete remission of calcinosis cutis and one dog had a partial response. The major improvement was a reduction in the size of the calcified deposits and reduction in inflammation associated with them. The duration of remission was 9.1 ± 2.2 weeks. The adverse effects, observed in one dog, were anorexia and vomiting. Minocycline may be effective in the control of calcinosis cutis in dogs.


Abstract Molecular dynamics simulations of macromolecules carrying charges, like nucleic acids, are hampered by proper treatment of the electrostatic problem. Although they can only constitute approximations, dielectric functions depending on the interatomic distance have the advantage of being easier to implement and faster to run than simulations with explicit solvent molecules and periodic boundary conditions. Further, their usefulness has been shown in several instances. Here, we describe a fast algorithm for calculating any dielectric function in MD simulations of biological macromolecules.


The 2,026 earthquake events registered by the Sichuan regional digital seismic network and mobile seismic array after the April 20th, 2013 Lushan earthquake and 28,188 pieces of data were selected to determine direct P waves arrival times. We applied the tomographic method to inverse the characteristics of the velocity structure for the three–dimensional (3D) P wave in the mid‐upper crust of the seismic source region of the Lushan earthquake. The imaging results were combined with the apparent magnetization inversion and magnetotelluric (MT) sounding retest data to comprehensively study the causes of the deep seismogenic environment in the southern section of the Longmenshan fault zone and explore the formation of the Lushan earthquake. Research has shown that there are obvious differences in velocity structure and magnetic distribution between the southern and northern sections of the Longmenshan fault zone. The epicenter of the Lushan earthquake is located near the boundary of the high and low‐velocity anomalies and favorable for a high‐velocity section. Moreover, at the epicenter of the Lushan earthquake located on the magnetic dome boundary of Ya'an, the development of high velocity and magnetic solid medium favors the accumulation and release of strain energy. Low‐velocity anomalies are distributed underneath the are of seismogenic origin, The inversion results of the MT retest data after the April 20th Lushan earthquake also indicate that there a high‐conductor anomaly occurs under the area of seismogenic origin of the Lushan earthquake, Therefore, we speculated that the presence of a high‐conductivity anomaly and low‐velocity anomaly underneath the seismogenic body of the Lushan earthquake could be related to the existence of fluids. The role of fluids caused the weakening of the seismogenic layer inside the mid‐upper crust and resulted in a seismogenic fault that was prone to rupture and played a triggering role in the Lushan earthquake.


The virulence of the plant pathogen Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora is dependent on the production and secretion of a large variety of plant cell wall-degrading enzymes, including several pectinases and cellulases. Treatment of tobacco plants with culture filtrates (CFs) from the pathogen (containing the secreted cell wall-degrading enzymes) induces both local and systemic expression of genes involved in plant defense response. We have characterized the contribution of individually produced cell wall-degrading enzymes from E. carotovora subsp. carotovora in their ability to trigger local and systemic induction of a defense-related gene (coding for a basic β-1,3-glucanase) as well as resistance to this pathogen in tobacco. Our results show that mainly pectic enzymes and to some extent one cellulase induce expression of the β-1,3-glucanase gene. Cellulases appear to act cooperatively in the defense gene induction when added in combination with pectic enzymes. Similarly, pectinases and cellulases cooper...


Two new firefly genera, Cheguevaria Kazantsev, 2006 gen.n. and Rufolychnia Kazantsev, 2006 gen.n., and twenty two new species, Cheguevaria taino, C. angusta, Lychnacris konstantinovi, L. nesli- hanae, L. pedernalis, Erythrolychnia nigriventris, E. unicolor, Callopisma rufoviolacea, Robopus bra- nhami, R. cayeyensis, R. erythrolytris , R. kasikus, R. niger, R. roseinotatus, Heterophotinus alius, H. con- stanzae, H. limpioensis, H. merielae, H. nigricollis, H. viridicolor, Microdiphot baorucoensis and Presbyola- mpis vegaensis Kazantsev, 2006 spp.n., are described from Hispaniola and Puerto Rico. Lychnacris Mots- chulsky, 1853 is for the first time reported from the Greater Antilles and Microdiphot Barber, 1941 and Pres- byolampis Buck, 1947 for the first time reported from Hispaniola. Lectotypes are designated for Pyractome- na vitticollis Motschulsky, 1853, Erythrolychnia dim- idiatipennis Motschulsky, 1853 and Pygolampis quadrinotata Motschulsky, 1854. Heterophotinus E.Olivier, 1894 is revalidated from synonymy with Robo- pus Motschulsky, 1853. Erythrolychnia albopalpis Leng et Mutchler, 1922 is synonymized with E. biparti- ta E.Olivier, 1912. Lucidota marginipennis Leng et Mutchler, 1922 is transferred to Robopus; Photinus quadrinotatus (Motschulsky), Diphotus dubiosus (Leng et Mutchler, 1922), D. glaucus (Olivier, 1790), D. lengi (Mutchler, 1923), D. quadrimaculatus (Laporte, 1840), D. triangularis (E.Olivier, 1912) and D. vittatus (Olivier, 1790) are transferred to Heterophotinus; Cal- lopisma postica (E.Olivier, 1899), C. mariposa Leng et Mutchler, 1922 and C. emarginata Leng et Mutchler, 1922 — to Lychnacris. A new tribe, Cheguevariini Ka- zantsev, 2006 tr.n., is established and tentatively placed in the Lampyridae incertae sedis. A key to the tribes and genera, as well as a checklist of fireflies of Hispan- iola and Puerto Rico are provided.


Every language has its own culture background, thus it is difficult to translate or retrieve figurative expressions across languages. Based on the metaphoric cognition and feature analysis theory, we collect data from the web to construct the Chinese-English bilingual lexical cognitive property knowledgebase linked to "HowNet". By comparing the differences of the cognitive property, we get some answers to the core linguistic problem "is the metaphor universal?" Then, we put forward a novel method to gain the metaphoric property of a word by its translation in another language. The paper lays a solid foundation for semantic analysis and computing of lexical cognitive property.


This article uses regional ratings in the problem of evaluating the level of development of higher education in the regions of Russia. Using published ratings of the development of education across regions, the author analyzes the situation in the Yaroslavl region. She determines 11 parameters that characterize higher professional education in the region and investigates the reasons for their change over the course of two years. The article stresses the practical use of such studies for designing programs for the regional development of education. The author proposes a method for improving the data used in ratings, which would ensure the comparability of data. The possibility of increasing the number of parameters and of changing the contents of ratings is discussed.


The biotransformational and biosynthetic abilities of immobilized growing microbial cells for the production of diverse valuable products like antibiotics, organic acids, enzymes and alcohols have been well demonstrated. The objectives of this study are to produce recombinant s-Cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (s-CGTase) E.coli and decrease cell lysis simultaneously by immobilization of s-CGTase using immobilization method on hollow fiber membrane in different types of expression medium such as LB, TB, YT, SB and NZ amine A medium. This study also aims to investigate the effect of chemical medium additives such as glycine and sodium chloride (NaCl) on the extracellular secretion of recombinant s-CGTase. The experimental procedures involve in this project are preparation of bacterial glycerol stock, grow and immobilization of CGTase, expression of CGTase, sampling and lastly CGTase enzyme assay. It is proved that TB medium gives the highest CGTase production with the enzyme activity of 129.63 U/mL as shown in the results of the project. Furthermore, it is found that supplementation of chemical additives can enhanced the extracellular secretion of recombinant CGTase. The addition of 2% of glycine gave the highest enzyme activity which is 109.11 U/mL compared with the control without the addition of glycine. In contrast with the addition of glycine, the control without the addition of NaCl gave the higher enzyme activity which is 132.27 U/mL while the enzyme activity with addition of NaCl decreases as the concentration of NaCl increase.


We describe the Imitation Game, a new research method that collects both qualitative and quantitative data, and which can be used as a mixed methods procedure in many disciplines. Drawing on two projects, one investigating gender, the other sexuality, we show that the quantitative and qualitative aspects of the Game combine in four different ways, from more quantitative to more qualitative, involving increasing cultural understanding by the researchers. Crucially, deep cultural input is initially supplied by the players of the Game, who act as "proxy researchers," enabling data to be gathered quickly and efficiently. The analysis has its roots in sociology of scientific knowledge and studies of expertise and experience, hence the emphasis on the cultural foundations of methods and the nature of expertise.


1. Research Purpose This study involves developing a law-related education program for international marriage migrant women with a aim to support their adaptation to Korean society. Through this program marriage migrant women themselves can be aware of their basic legal rights, so that they can prevent their fundamental human rights from being violated unfairly. In addition, they are able to improve their ability to cope with the damage of crimes and to prevent crimes 2. Research Method This program is a two year (2011-2012) project that the development and implementation of the program is made in a two-step process. The first step (2011) involves conducting basic research for a law-related education in order to determine the actual contents that consist of each module of a law-related education for marriage migrant women. The second step (2012) involves developing video education material based on the teaching manual and workbook developed at the first step. In order to organizing contents of each module of a law-related education for marriage migrant women, typical counsel examples with marriage migrant women were adopted. These representative examples are opportune and urgent for a law-related program. The construction and main contents of this program are as follows. 3. Overview of the Program 〈표 삽입〉


ABSTRACT Separation of globular proteins (cytochrome c and ribonuclease A) from buffer using precipitation by sodium bis-(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT), and their recovery with a counterionic surfactant, trioctylmethylammonium chloride (TOMAC) was investigated. The molar ratio between AOT and the protein (R) required for complete removal was 17 for cytochrome c, and 22 for ribonuclease A. Finally, three mixtures of the two proteins and lysozyme (studied earlier by us) were used to determine the factors controlling separation: selectivity was a strong function of surface charge distribution, indicating that charge interactions between the surfactant and surface groups of different proteins was driving precipitation.


The Andaman and Nicobar Islands (ANI) comprise of a chain of 572 major islands in addition to a number of islets and rock outcrops in the Bay of Bengal lying between latitudes 06° and 14° N and longitudes 92° and 94° E. The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are distinctly separated by the wide 10 channel which is about l50 km wide and 400 fathoms deep (Ramakrishna et. al., 2010). The total land area is about 8249 km with a coastline of 1962 km.


The choice of the best set of universal ternary gates for quantum circuits is an open problem. We create exact minimum cost ternary reversible gates with quantum multiplexers using the method of iterative deepening depth-first search (IDDFS) [25]. Such search is better for small problems than evolutionary algorithms or other search methods. Several new gates that are provably exact minimum cost have been discovered. These gates are next used as library building blocks in the minimization of larger ternary quantum circuits like highly testable GFSOP cascades [15,16] (that generalize ESOP) as well as the wave cascades [24] generalized to ternary logic. They are useful to design oracles for multivalued algorithms such as Deutsch-Jozsa [26] and Grover. 1. Quantum Gates and Circuits built from cascaded ternary quantum Multiplexers The research on designing best gates for ternary quantum circuits is very new and no efficient synthesis methods exist. To discover good sets of universal gates, several approaches were used, such as evolutionary algorithms, but they did not lead to satisfactory results. Practically, the evolutionary algorithms, even working for a long time, do not give warranty that the solution is exact minimum. We used also other well-known methods for solving combinatorial problems: a) simulated annealing, b) bacteria foraging, c) probabilistic generation, d) A* search and similar search algorithms, e) scattered search, f) Tabu Search, g) Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) [23], genetic algorithms [22], but so far with no particular successes over methods presented here, so that this paper focuses on exhaustive search. Let us also observe, that the search for the best gates is performed only once in order to create a gate that is next used repeatedly in libraries. We can allow thus our computer to spend much time, even days and weeks, to find the exact minimum solution. Exhaustive search [3,20] has been already used before in reversible logic design, but there are many ways how the exhaustive search can be organized, and they differ in time and memory usage. We investigated several types of exhaustive search strategies to particular quantum circuit structures. We found that for this kind of problems the A* algorithm known from AI operates very similarly to breadth first search. Our IDDFS search is similar but is easy to program and uses less memory, thus allowing to minimize larger circuits. Ternary quantum macros – conceptual gates can be implemented using quantum multiplexers [21] as primitives, which themselves are composed from Muthukrishnan-Stroud (M-S) gates [2]. The quantum multiplexer concept [21] (called also the mux), used also by several other authors, is a convenient intermediate notation to synthesize both binary and multiple-valued (mv) quantum circuits. Therefore, this synthesis will be performed in terms of quantum multiplexers and their argument single qudit functions. (Qudits are quantum bits with radices higher than 2. Qutrit is a qudit used in ternary logic.) There exist several different more or less regular structures that describe how these gates can be cascaded. We will find exact minimum solutions to some well-known operators and also to new gates in order to form libraries of universal gates for mv quantum circuit synthesis. The exhaustive search creates the gate as a cascade starting from input signals of the function and next adds sequentially quantum mux after quantum mux to create the logic outputs of the cascade. The first practical goal of the exhaustive search approach proposed here is to find the realizations of all 2-quditgates and determine their minimum costs and the best efficiencies. Efficiency can be defined in terms of how many ancilla qudits are used to realize a function. The optimally designed gates presented in this paper are next used as the building blocks of larger gates in systematic synthesis methods which are extensions and generalizations of the previous logic synthesis methods used in reversible and quantum circuits [1,3,4,6,12,13,14,15,16,17,19,24]. Alternately, one can use the exhaustive method to synthesize small circuits. Exhaustive search can be also used as a part of more sophisticated hybrid synthesizers [20]. The method searches exhaustively until the given circuit is found for which is next proven that within given constraints (like size and gate types) it is not possible to find a better realization of the given function F. In addition, in another variant, we used adaptations of exhaustive methods to find useful solutions with no assurance of circuit's minimality, but with taking into account important practical constraints such as a userspecified limited number of ancilla bits. 2. Quantum Ternary Gates and Structures Figures 2.1, 2.4 and 2.8 show different cascade implementations with two by two ternary quantum multiplexers. The small boxes at the left of mux symbol taken from classical logic represent arbitrary single qutrit unitary operators, but in this paper these operators are in addition permutative. The quantum multiplexer operates as follows: depending on a value 0, 1, and 2 of the control qutrit, the respective input with number 0, 1 and 2, respectively (counted from top) is selected and sent to the output. Thus respective operator fi is executed on the controlled qutrit. Fig. 2.1a is a cascade of two multiplexers where A is the controlling qutrit and is passed through without any change. B is the controlled data qutrit on which the functions are applied. In the case of the Fig. 2.1a, controlled qutrit B would be manipulated always in pairs of f0 and f3, f1 and f4 or f2 and f5. Therefore this implementation is not very useful, because the manipulations could be restricted to one multiplexer; e.g. assuming f0 = +1 and f3 = +1 could be realized by only using f0 = +2. Operations +1 and +2 are implemented as cyclical shifts by 1 and by 2, respectively in one-qutrit operations. In Fig. 2.1b let us look at the first multiplexer. On the second multiplexer bit A is used as data input and bit B is the control input. Assume functions f0, f1, f2, f3, f4 and f5 to be defined as f0 = +1, f1 = 01, f2 = +2, f3 = 02, f4 = +2, f5 = 12. The circuit and the resulting ternary map are shown in Fig. 2.2. Operation 01 is a permutation of values 0 and 1 in single qutrit, operations 12 and 02 are implemented analogously. (These operations are realized internally by combinations of X, Y and Z rotation operators [27,7] in data inputs of M-S gates [2]). It should be noticed that the ratio of symbols "0", "1" and "2" in both Karnaugh maps are 1:1:1. If we would continue the cascade using this structure we would only get result with always the same amounts of symbols zero, one and two. Therefore this structure is also not sufficient to scale up to an arbitrary quantum circuit. The SWAP gate was proven to be in the minimum set of universal gates [11] and can be easily build from other sets of universal gates. It is the hypothetical crossing of wires that allows one to realize many small gates that are difficult to realize without it. A realization was shown in [9] and is represented in Fig. 2.3. Each intermediate function is shown by a ternary map with A as rows and B as columns. This gate has high importance in ternary quantum circuit synthesis which has been not yet recognized by the published synthesis papers. This gate is necessary for mapping to ion trap technology quantum circuits and other technologies with linear layout of qudits (with every qudit having at most two neighbors). We can explain this property on an example as follows. Fig. 2.1: First two structures based on cascaded quantum multiplexers Assume that in a quantum array a wire in qudit 2 from top goes through Feynman gate in which qudit 1 controls qudit 3. This is not realizable in these technologies and requires two SWAP gates to be added between qudits 1 and 2, before and after the Feynman gate. Thus, instead of synthesizing without taking care of the no-crossing condition and next adding SWAP gates, another method can be invented where the no-crossing condition is build into the cost function and thus the number of crossing wires is reduced from the very design principle [23]. However, A


Article Information ABSTRACT Received: March 11, 2021 Accepted: March 29, 2021 Online: May 11, 2021 This research was conducted to see the implementation of distance learning during the New Habitual Adaptation (NHA) period of the COVID 19 pandemic. The indicators that will be seen are planning, implementation, problems, and solutions of distance learning. The method used in this research is a qualitative analysis method. The results of this study are(1) Learning planning for NHA mass education units in Kepahiang Regency has prepared related regulations, and an education unit ordinance has been issued related to its implementation. The infrastructure to prevent COVID 19 in the Kepahiang District education unit is also excellent. Therefore, the lesson plan that has been prepared has also been adjusted to the NHA period. (2) The implementation of AKB learning in Kepahiang Regency was actively followed by more than 80% of students, the most widely used learning method was offline distance, and the most widely used media was WhatsApp. (3) Obstacles faced in the learning process of the NHA period in the Kepahiang Regency are the facilities, networks, competencies, and complexity of the student's brain. (4) Solution options offered and carried out are offline distance learning. This research is essential because there are instruments whose indicators are determined according to the objectives achieved.


Software testing is one of the most arduous and challenging phase which is to be implemented with the intention of finding faults with the execution of minimum number of test cases to increase the overall quality of the product at the time of delivery or during maintenance phase. With the ever increasing demand of web applications and to meet never ending customer expectations, updations are to incorporate which will be validated through testing process. The structure of the web applications (dynamic website) can be modeled using weighted directed graph which consists of numerous paths starting from homepage (index page) of the website. For thorough testing of the website each and every path of the graph should be tested but due to various constraints like time, money and human resources it becomes very much impractical. This scenario ultimately gives rise to the motivation for the development of technique which reduces the number of paths to be tested so that tester community can test only these numbers of path instead of all possible paths so that satisfactory number of faults can be exposed. In this proposed approach assignment of weights on the edges of the directed graph takes place on the basis of the organization of the website, changes in the structure of the website at page level, experience of the coder and the behaviour of the users who have visited the website earlier. The most fault prone paths are identified using random, greedy, Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) and Artificial Bee Colony Optimization (ABCO) algorithms. Two small size websites and one company's website, and their two versions, were considered for experimentation. Results obtained through ACO and ABCO are promising in nature. This approach will support testing process to be completed in time and delivery of the updated version within given hard deadlines.


Renewable energy sources, especially solar systems, have become increasingly important energy sources in recent times. Connecting large PV systems to utility networks can cause a number of operational problems for distribution networks. The extent of these problems depends directly on the percentage of PV penetration and the geographical location of the installation. Possible problems caused by PV systems: over-voltage, output power fluctuation, harmonic distortion, frequency fluctuation
Harmonic distortion is a serious energy quality problem which can occur in photovoltaic systems due to the use of power inverters that convert direct current to alternating current. The resulting harmonics can cause parallel and series resonances, transformer overheating, and protection device malfunctions, which can reduce the reliability of power supply systems.