Reactions of 3-(Dimethylamino)-2,2-dimethyl-2H-azirines with Barbituric-Acid Derivatives

The reaction of 3-(dimethylamino)-2,2-dimethyl-2H-azirine (1) and 5,5-disubstituted barbituric acids 5 in i-PrOH at ca. 70° gives 2-[5-(dimethylamino)-4,4-dimethyl-4H-imidazol-2-yl]alkanamides of type 6 in good yields (Scheme 1). The formation of 6 proceeds with loss of CO2; various reaction mechanisms with a zwitterionic 1:1 adduct B as common intermediate are discussed (Schemes 2 and 5). Thermolysis of product 6 leads to 2-alkyl-5-(dimethylamino)-4,4-dimethyl-4H-imidazoles 8 or the tautomeric 2-alkylidene derivatives 8′ via elimination of HNCO (Scheme 3). The latter undergoes trimerization to give 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-trione. No reaction is observed with 1,5,5-trisubstituted barbiturates and 1 in refluxing i-PrOH, but an N-alkylation of the barbiturate occurs in the presence of morpholine (Scheme 4). This astonishing reaction is explained by a mechanism via formation of the 2-alkoxy-2-(dimethylamino )aziridinium ion H which undergoes ring opening to give the O-alkylated 2-amino-N1,N1-dimethylisobutyramide I as alkylating reagent (Scheme 4).


The European Spallation Source, currently under construction in Lund, Sweden, is a multidisciplinary international laboratory. Once completed to full specifications, it will operate the world's most powerful pulsed neutron source. Supported by a 3 million Euro Research and Innovation Action within the EU Horizon 2020 program, a design study (HighNESS) has been completed to develop a second neutron source located below the spallation target. Compared to the first source, designed for high cold and thermal brightness, the new source has been optimized to deliver higher intensity, and a shift to longer wavelengths in the spectral regions of cold (CN, 2--20\,\AA), very cold (VCN, 10--120\,\AA), and ultracold (UCN, ${>}\,{500}$\,\AA) neutrons. The second source comprises a large liquid deuterium moderator designed to produce CN and support secondary VCN and UCN sources. Various options have been explored in the proposed designs, aiming for world-leading performance in neutronics. These designs will enable the development of several new instrument concepts and facilitate the implementation of a high-sensitivity neutron-antineutron oscillation experiment (NNBAR). This document serves as the Conceptual Design Report for the HighNESS project, representing its final deliverable.


This book comes from the proceedings of the Symposium of the Educational Foundation of the American Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons, which was held in Miami in January 1975. The book contains the discussions of 18 general plastic surgeons on various aspects of rhinoplastic surgery, including history, medical-legal aspects, secondary surgery, and pin fixation in septoplasty, and the book concludes with an open discussion of problem cases. The volume's 311 pages contain many helpful preoperative and postoperative photographs, as well as some surgical diagrams. Tip rhinoplasty is covered specifically and quite thoroughly. This is anything but a basic nasal surgery text. Only two of the 28 chapters deal with surgery of the nasal septum. Psychiatric aspects and the "difficult patient" are not discussed. Discussion of basic nasal surgery incisions and instruments are not included. The book will find its greatest utility among surgeons with large cosmetic rhinoplasty practices. Directors


In order to ensure the safety of a structure, one must provide for adequate strength of structural elements. In addition, one must prevent large unstable deformations such as buckling. In most analyses of buckling, structural properties and applied loads are considered certain. This approach ignores the fact that imperfections and unknown changes in properties, albeit small, are required for onset of buckling. In this paper, we extend the interval finite element methods developed by the authors to solve for the possible values of loads that will result in a structural stability failure. The analysis requires that interval axial element forces in each frame element in a structure be calculated. These values are calculated from a linear system of interval equations resulting from the static structural analysis. Using the calculated axial loads, a subsequent interval eigenvalue problem is solved for the buckling loads. For both solutions of the linear system of equations and the eigenvalue problem, the unique properties of the finite element methods result in sharp solutions. Several structural problems are presented as exemplars. The sharpness of the solution is demonstrated by comparing to combinatorial solutions.


The stability of tunnel excavation face and the swell of earth surface are directly influenced by the earth pressure in head chamber of shield machine.Based on the nonlinear constitutive material model of dregs in head chamber of shield machine,a new mathematical control model for controlling the earth pressure in head chamber of EPB shield machine has be established.The optimization algorithm of control technology for earth pressure in head chamber of shield machine is presented by applying optimization algorithm.The validity of the mathematical control model for earth pressure in EPB shield and the optimization algorithm are revealed in the test stage.


Carbon footprint quantification is key to well-informed decision making over carbon reduction potential, both for individuals and for companies. Many carbon footprint case studies for products and services have been circulated recently. Due to the complex relationships within each scenario, however, the underlying assumptions often are difficult to understand. Also, re-using and adapting a scenario to local or individual circumstances is not a straightforward task. To overcome these challenges, we propose an open and linked data model for carbon footprint scenarios which improves data quality and transparency by design. We demonstrate the implementation of our idea with a web-based data interpreter prototype.


The aim of the article is to present forms of cooperation between private actors, public and non-profit organizations within the social economy. The article presents a practical knowledge of the principles of establishing cooperation between these entities in order to implement innovative and necessary public tasks, presents a case study of such cooperation and includes recommendations for improving its establishment in the future.


A method for preparing a negative-working lithographic printing plate is provided which comprises the steps of (1) providing a lithographic printing plate precursor comprising on a grained and anodized aluminum Support, having a hydrophilic Surface, a coating comprising (i) polymer par ticles which are core-shell particles having a hydrophobic heat-softenable core and a hydrophilic shell and (ii) an infrared light absorbing agent, (2) exposing said coating to heat, thereby inducing coalescence of said polymer particles at exposed areas of said coating, and (iii) developing said precursor by applying a gum Solution to said coating, thereby removing non-exposed areas of said coating from said Support.


Fodder as Indian Grassland presents the fodder perspective exists in India with special reference to Green fodder point of view in Tripura. Based on secondary data fodder grasses, crops and plants considered were Signal, Cowpea, Stylosanthes, Combo Naiper, Subabul, Tapioca, Dinanath, Guine, Oat and Maize. 1st Chapter presents the comprehensive perspective of fodder in India. Second Chapter has been exclusively devoted to the perspective of fodder in Tripura. Third Chapter based on the literature review to know the fodder crops historical background from marketing and production point of view. Finally, in chapter four, an effort has been made to present the precis, findings, policy implications and future line of the study for fodder crops covered in the book. The book is primarily intended to provide benefits to all policy makers, researcher, planners and executors and can increase the participation in various developmental activities of governments for sustainability in fodder sector. The main findings in the book reveal that healthy and nutrition fodders are available in India but in terms of production quantity huge scarcity of fodder exists at national and regional level.


In order to upgrade quality of the needled nonwoven fabric,description is given to the process regarding selection of the material of the filtering cloth,card clothing,and the needle.It is pointed out that fiber is the material indispensable for nonwoven fabirc production,of which the physical performance is directly related to the final product in quality.Before production,it is necessary to be familiar with the physical index of the fiber material including the advantages and the disadvantages as well as the key elements impacting the quality of the final product.The process should be prepared in consideration of fiber,the equipment and the actual condition;carding process is important to the nonwoven fabric production which is carried out through the card clothing.Consequently,proper size and specification of the clothing is a must for the nonwoven fabric production in consideration of fabric material varieties,fiber property,size of the cylinder,process specification,fiber weight in gramme and fiber mass;needle type and needle quality are closely related to the product quality,and quality needle selection should be done in conformity with the fiber fineness,needle process,process function.And more,the needle users should coordinate with the needle makers in quality upgrading of the needle production.


The main way to restore limb function in transtibial amputations is to use a transtibial prosthesis. Plantarflexion and dorsiflexion are characteristics of the human ankle and are also important considerations in designing a transtibial prosthesis. Most commercial transtibial prostheses available in Indonesia are passive transtibial prostheses, and users of passive prostheses exhibit an asymmetrical gait pattern that can cause musculoskeletal injuries. In addition, passive prostheses cannot generate thrust like the human ankle and consume more metabolic energy, so they tire quickly when using them. Transtibial Bionic Prosthesis can overcome the weakness of passive prosthesis because it can move in dorsiflexion and plantarflexion and can provide repulsion force during the heel-off and toe-off phases. This study aims to design and analyze the strength of the Transtibial Bionic Prosthesis prototype, morphological methods and decision matrices are used in the selection of design concepts. Lightweight aluminum 6061 was used as a material for making transtibial prostheses. The design and strength analysis in this study showed that the Transtibial Bionic Prosthesis prototype was able to accept a maximum load of 100 kg and had a Range of Motion of 20° dorsiflexion and 30° plantarflexion.


We systematically investigate the characteristics of an electrical oscillation observed in two-terminal vanadium dioxide (VO2) devices. These oscillations are observed at room temperature in a simple electrical circuit without inductive components. The circuit is composed only of a dc voltage source, the VO2 device, and a standard resistor connected in series with the device. We explain why the observed oscillations are a result of the percolative metal-to-insulator transition (MIT) of VO2 and the coexistence of the metal and insulating phases. Specifically, oscillations are attributed to the construction and destruction of capacitive regions composed of regions of the semiconducting phase, (as dielectric material) and metallic phase electron carriers, induced by the MIT (as capacitor electrodes). Since the coexistence of these phases—and thus the capacitive regions—is destroyed by elevated temperature, the MIT oscillation is not explained in terms of significant heat input but rather in terms of a voltag...


Summary The avidin combinability of a number of compounds having some structural similarity to biotin was investigated. The specificity of the avidin reaction was emphasized by the finding that of the 19 compounds studied avidin possessed significant affinity only for δ- (2,3-ureylene-cyclohexyl-) valeric acid (XVII), γ- (3,4-ureylene-cyclohexyl)-butyric acid (XVIII) and δ-(3,4-ureylene-cyclohexyl )-valeric acid (XIX). The relative affinity ratio for Compound XVII was found to be about 14. Compounds XVIII and XIX, although definitely capable of combining with avidin, had affinity ratios too high for practical measurement.


The temperature dependence of tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) is studied for spin valve type double-barrier tunnel junctions. Normalized TMR values for double-barrier tunnel junctions (DBTJs) and single-barrier junctions (SBTJs) are plotted as functions of temperature and it is found that the DBTJ shows stronger temperature dependence of TMR than the SBTJ. The strong temperature dependence of TMR for the DBTJ is explained in terms of temperature dependence of the spin polarization of the middle magnetic layer and decrease of the spin coherence length with increasing temperature.


Dichloromethane extracts of lamina and midrib cigarette smoke condensates were subjected to glass capillary column gas chromatography. Most peaks in the gas chromatogram were identified and the major components were quantitatively determined. The compositional differences between the two types of smoke were then compared. In midrib cigarette smoke the major components appear to be derived from cell wall substances by pyrolysis while lamina cigarette smoke consists of many sugar degradation products and essential oil components which would be directly transferred from tobacco.


We present here the last eight new shelters with schematic rock art appeared in Sierra Harana (Granada) along with some contributions or corrections to the sets already known, making a description of the shelters and figures presented within each of them. The placement of all localized stations, together with a short summary about the Neolithic settlement and a brief discussion on new interpretations of the cavities use during this period, allow an initial approach to territorial and symbolic value of these paintings.


Developing useful apps has never been an easy task. Although modern mobile phones/tablets have more and more computation power, it is still not possible to treat them as real computers. Hence, many apps rely on external components to provide services. However, this complicates the development of apps. Unlike students in the computer science department, information management students do not have equally solid programming background. App development related courses have a more rigid learning curve for them. In this paper, APPRush, a platform for developing usable apps and for learning app design skills, is proposed. Both students and ordinary app developers can benefit from the resulting platform.


Background: Robot kinematics suggests and interprets the relationship exists between the kinematic position connectivity and acceleration of each link. In any of the robot manipulator the kinematics solution may be forward kinematics or inverse kinematics. To determine the joint values for a provided desired end effector orientation and position, the inverse kinematics principle is applied. Inverse kinematics is the usage of kinematics equations of a robot to find out the joint parameters that gives a targeted position of the end-effector. Methods/Statistical Analysis: In this paper, inverse kinematic solution for a five joint robot involving intelligent prediction response method has been developed and the result will be analyzed based on the performance. The intelligent prediction response method will give the performance based result, which shows the five various angles of an industrial robot. The single variation in the joint angle will be analyzed for every joint angles. This method based inverse kinematics solution is much more useful in real-time adaptive robot control where shorter calculation times are required.  Findings:  The MATLAB 13.0 is used to find the solution for a set of joint parameters. The actual reading and MATLAB program was found acceptable level. Applications/Improvements: To solution provided for the inverse kinematics problem with number of joint angles using the intelligent prediction response method such as artificial neural network is used.


Method for determining a for transverse movement of a located object (16) representative dynamic variable (v) in a driver assistance system (12) for motor vehicles (10), the offset for the location of the object two laterally mutually arranged angle-resolving distance sensors (14L, 14R), which also has a radial component (v


The results of comparative analysis of primary disability owing to tuberculosis among adult population of city and rural settlements of the Orenburg region and also trends of compared dynamic ranks


A case report is presented to alert the anesthesiologist to the hazard of anaphylactic reaction in the use of chymopapain for degenerative disc disease. Certain guidelines that may help minimize this hazard are outlined.


The report summarizes an investigation of the performance of commercial low-NOx burners in refinery process heaters. Refineries in Southern and Central California were surveyed to determine the number of existing or planned low-NOx burners. Tests on 10 process heaters equipped with low NOx burners measured gaseous emissions, particulates, and efficiencies at normal operating conditions. As-found NOx emissions increased from 58 to 245 ng/J as fuel-bound nitrogen increased from zero to 0.81%. In most cases, NOx concentrations were strongly influenced by excess air levels. Reducing excess air to 3-4% reduced NOx to 34-200 ng/J, depending on fuel nitrogen. Comparisons of present emissions data with past field test data for refinery heaters equipped with standard burners showed that (for mechanical-draft gas-fired heaters) low-NOx burners may reduce the NOx emission factor by 32-77% below the mean emission factor for standard burners. Three heaters (one firing gas; one, distillate oil; and one, residual oil) were selected as the most suitable candidates for 30-day continuous monitoring of gaseous emissions.


Introduction: Muscular environment of the teeth is thought to be one of the major factors in determining the form and maintenance of the human dental arch. It is imperative to study the labial/buccal and lingual resting and swallowing pressure over the upper and lower central incisors and first permanent molars respectively, in different malocclusions, in natural head position, hence this being the aim of the study. Material and Methods: The study sample consisted of 60 subjects (30 males and 30 females) with an average age of 19.35 years. The sample was divided into groups based on skeletal and dental classification, gender, and vertical growth pattern. EPL BO Diaphragm Pressure Transducer was used to measure the pressures exerted by buccal and lingual soft tissues. Pressure variability's were compared between subjects of normal occlusion with Class II division 1, Class II division 2, and Class III individuals statistically. Results : Comparison showed a significant difference between the various skeletal classifications in generating pressure from the peri-oral musculature. Conclusions: It was also observed that males had a greater magnitude of pressures than females of the same skeletal pattern. Vertical growth pattern analysis showed that low angle subjects had higher-pressure values than high angle individuals.


The involvement-load hypothesis and the depth of processing hypothesis,the two underlying theories of the incidental vocabulary acquisition,elaborate on the psychological and cognitive conditions for effective vocabulary learning.The task-based language teaching method meets theses requirements both theoretically and practically.Therefore,carrying out incidental vocabulary acquisition in authentic communicative language tasks contributes to better learning of both vocabulary usage and vocabulary use.This will lead to the achievement of real vocabulary acquisition.


I was somewhat surprised when I saw Mary Moxon's Guest Editorial, "Developmental and reproductive toxicity testing: a potted history", in Lab Animal Europe earlier this year. 1 Contrary to what I had read and heard repeatedly over several years, she clearly believed that laboratory animal tests are a sound basis for human risk assessment and will continue to be used "to protect our future generations". However, since I am not a reproductive toxicologist, I decided to seek comments on the Editorial from three individuals with much greater experience in the field. All three of them accepted my invitation, and their comments follow this introduction.2–4


The purpose of the research is exploring the resonance of advertising benefits of storytelling in marketing from the perspective of consumers' purchase intention. The college students are the study objects to watch different advertisement stories of different video duration, and compares the differences in the influence of different advertisement stories on college students' purchasing inclination to reflect the advertising investment profits. The study found that the longer video duration of the advertising story, the more positive the consumer's perception of the brand image and brand identity, and the more likely it is to promote consumers' purchase intention for the brand.


Flow routing algorithm,which is often used to calculate the terrain parameters such as catchment area,specific catchment area,topographic wetness index and so on,is a key point in distributed hydrologic models,soil erosion modeling and other geoscience fields.The results obtained by the flow routing algorithms have distinct effects on hydrological and soil erosion modeling process.So evaluating flow routing algorithms has become a focus in these fields. In this paper,five flow routing algorithms,which are known as D8(Deterministic eight-node),Rho8(Random eight-node),Dinf(D-infinite),MFD(Multiple flow direction algorithm),and DEMON(Digital Elevation Model Networks),are selected to compare and analyze quantitatively on two Digital Elevation Model(DEM) with 5m,10m and 25m horizontal resolution respectively.Coefficient of relative difference,cumulative frequency distributions and XY scatter plot of the Total Catchment Area(TCA) are designed to evaluate the similarities within the selected flow path algorithms.Also the effect of DEM resolution on TCA,obtained from the selected five algorithms,is fully discussed. The results of the paper are summarized as follows: 1) differences between catchment area values estimated by the selected five flow routing algorithms were the greatest along side slopes area,and the differences decreased where the terrain became more convergent or along the channel;2) the difference exists in any DEM with various resolutions,but is more sensitive to the high resolution DEM;and 3) multiple flow direction(MFD) algorithm is more suitable to estimate catchment area in complex terrain area than single flow direction(SFD) algorithm does that.So if the condition permits or accurate results are needed,high resolution DEM and fine MFD should be used effectively.This study also points out that the choice of flow routing algorithm has potentially important consequences for the calculation of upslope contributing areas,sediment transport capacity,topographic wetness,and several other topographic indices.


Heavy Metals are of environmental interest due to persistence in both fresh and marine water environments
1. Heavy metals in seawater come from both natural process and anthropogenic activities.
2. The main sources of anthropogenic pollution by heavy metals in the coastal regions include industrial wastes, liquid effluents and paint degradation of ships
3. Metal ions such as copper, zinc and cadmium at low concentrations are necessary micronutrients, however at higher concentration they become toxic for the aquatic ecosystems. It is therefore important to monitor such metals continuously.
Herein we present a low cost autonomous sensing platform for the in-situ determination of cadmium, copper and lead in marine waters. The sensor was developed under the COMMONSENSE FP7 project (614155) and has been field tested at sites of environmental importance.


During the design of X-FELs, space-charge codes are required to simulate the evolution of longitudinal plasma oscillation within an electron beam in connection with LSC microbunching instability [1] and certain pump-probe synchronization schemes [2]. In the paper [3] we presented an analytical solution to the initial value problem for longitudinal plasma oscillation in an electron beam. Such a result, besides its theoretical importance, allows one to benchmark space-charge simulation programs against a self-consistent solution of the evolution problem. In this paper we present a comparison between our results [3] and the outcomes of the simulation code ASTRA.


Objective: Although at high risk of contracting the human papillomavirus (HPV), less than one-half of US college women have been vaccinated. The purpose of this study was to identify underlying factors influencing college women's intention to get the HPV vaccine via developing an instrument using the Reasoned Action Approach (RAA). Setting: Data were collected from college women at a large, public university in the Midwest USA via paper–pencil surveys. Design: The survey instrument was based on the RAA's major constructs (attitude towards the act, perceived norms, perceived behavioural control) and was administered to a sample of 279 female college students. Results: Results indicated that attitude towards the act (β = .360, b = .694, standard error [SE] = .092, t = 7.53) and perceived norms (β = .396, b = .544, SE = .068, t = 8.031) were the major predictors of intention to get vaccinated. Specifically, perceived consequences of getting the vaccine, such as protection against HPV and cervical cancer, were primary determinants influencing intention, and participants indicated that salient referents influenced their intention to get vaccinated. Conclusion: Using theory-based approaches to study a particular health behaviour such as HPV vaccination can aid the design of interventions as they help specify the underlying determinants influencing behaviour. Our findings suggest that such interventions should focus on attitudes and perceived norms, as these constructs were the strongest predictors of intention to get the vaccine. Our findings also add to the current body of literature supporting the relationship between the RAA constructs.


Since the classical works of Laplace, Tisserand or Pontecoulant till the modern solutions of the Earth rotation (Kinoshita, 1977), most of the theories of the rotation of solar system bodies assume the simplest unperturbed motion, a steady rotation around the axis of largest inertia so that the angle θ between the angular momentum and the polar axis of inertia vanishes in the zeroth order approximation. Such an assumption is accurate enough in the Earth case, which justifies the usual approaches to the Earth rotation, although it is worth to remark that allowing a non-zero value of the angle θ can bring into light new dynamical effects. As an example, we can point out the paper (Barkin, 2000) in which an initial value of the angle θ = 0175 has been used to investigate long-periodic variations in the Earth pole motion. However, the motion of some celestial bodies does not satisfy that condition. Namely, the observed orientation of the Venus pole reveals a large value of the free obliquity amplitude θ = 21 compared to the nominal forced amplitude of 0.5 (Yoder, 1995). The motion of irregular asteroids or spacecrafts requires the Euler-Poinsot representation even in the zeroth approximation. Therefore, to study the later problems or enhance the available solutions to the Earth, Venus or Mars rotation, it becomes necessary or useful the development of analytical perturbation theories relying on the unperturbed Euler-Poinsot motion of a triaxial rigid body, with arbitrary tensor of inertia and initial conditions. Convenient expressions for such a solution can be found in (Kinoshita, 1977; Barkin, 1992, 1998). A generalization to the case of a body weakly deformed by its own rotation was presented in the paper (Barkin et al., 1996) and we will refer to it as Euler-Chandler motion. A perturbation solution using the angle-action variables associated to the Chandler-Euler problem was developed in (Barkin, 1998). In this presentation we report on the main effects on the free Earth rotation and the solution of the forced Earth rotation based on the said Chandler-Euler unperturbed motion.


Through glass via(TGV)-TGV coupling noise could badly affect to glass interposer based 2.5D/3D ICs RF system. RF system specification is specified with RF sensitivity. And RF sensitivity is dominantly determined by LNA noise figure. Normally LNA noise figure is calculated with only device and thermal noise since it assumes no noise coupling is exist. For estimating LNA noise figure degradation by TGV-TGV coupling noise, we proposed modified LNA noise figure equation which includes coupling noise effect. For analysis, we designed 2.4GHz LNA schematic and proposed TGV-TGV coupling structure which includes TGVs and channel lines. And then we analyzed output waveform of the LNA with TGV-TGV noise coupling on time domain and frequency domain when single tone noise is injected to LNA components. Finally we estimated noise figure degradation by single tone switching noise.


The Versatility of Helicobacter pylori CagA Effector Protein Functions: the Master Key Hypothesis Steffen Backert, Nicole Tegtmeyer and Matthias Selbach University College Dublin, School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, Ardmore House, Belfield Campus, Dublin-4, Ireland, University of Magdeburg, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leipziger Str. 44, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany, Max Delbrueck Centre for Molecular Medicine, Robert Roessle-Str. 10, D-13125 Berlin, Germany


To the Editor, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly prescribed for treating viral infections, and their usage is also widespread in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), especially in those with milder illness.1 Several lines of evidence demonstrates, in fact, that early anti-inflammatory therapy may prevent endothelia inflammation and the consequent risk of developing immunethrombosis, which would be associated with a substantially enhanced prescription of these drugs, potentially leading to medication shortage.2 We have hence planned an infodemiological analysis to establish whether the consumption of some representative NSAIDs has increased all around the world after the spread of COVID-19. We accessed Google Trends (Google Inc. Mountain View, CA, US) using the key words "paracetamol" (or acetaminophen) and "ibuprofen," setting the geographical location to "worldwide," and limiting our search to the past 5 years (ie, between July 2017 and July 2022). The weekly Google Trends score for both terms "paracetamol" and "ibuprofen," thus mirroring their Web worldwide popularity, was divided into 2 different periods, that is, "pre-COVID-19" (from July 2017 to February 2020) and COVID-19 (from March 2020 to July 2022).3 The relative volumes of Google searches for both terms over time was then analyzed with Spearman's correlation and compared between the COVID-19 and preCOVID-19 periods with Mann-Whitney test (Analyse-it Software Ltd, Leeds, UK). The main results of this worldwide infodemiological analysis are summarized in Figure 1. A highly significant Spearman's correlation was found between time and weekly Google Trends score of both paracetamol (r = .89; 95% CI, 0.87-0.92; P < .001) and ibuprofen (r = .78; 95% CI, 0.730.83; P < .001). Compared to the pre-COVID-19 period, the median (and interquartile range; IQR) weekly Google Trends score significantly increased by 54% for paracetamol (43 with IQR 34-47 vs 28 with IQR 26-31; P < .001) and by 24% for ibuprofen (31 with IQR 27-37 vs 25 with IQR 23-27; P < .001) during the COVID-19 pandemic, with Google Trends score of paracetamol remaining constantly higher than that of Ibuprofen (P < .001). In conclusion, the results of this infodemiological analysis confirm that NSAIDs consumption may have dramatically increased on a worldwide scale after the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, thus needing strengthened efforts for monitoring appropriate prescription and limiting side effects, as well as for preventing potential drugs shortage. 1125721 HPXXXX10.1177/00185787221125721Hospital PharmacyMattiuzzi and Lippi letter2022


This report describes an assessment of the potential for adverse impacts on the ground-water quality from waste disposal facilities at the 12 TVA fossil-fuel steam plants. This assessment is based upon a reconnaissance-level study conducted in 1981. The basic data utilized include plant operations, site geology and geohydrology, ground-water use, and the regional ground-water quality at each plant. This information is brought together in this report to serve as a reference document. The assessments made in this report are based primarily upon the ground-water gradient at each steam plant. Site-specific ground-water quality data are available at two TVA steam plants, Kingston and Widows Creek. These data indicate that if leachate from TVA disposal facilities were to migrate offsite, the ground water in these areas could be adversely impacted. Therefore, this study focuses on the potential for offsite, the ground water in these areas could be adversely impacted. Therefore, this study focuses on the potential for offsite migration of leachate where the potential for adverse impacts to a usable ground-water resource exists. The primary finding from this reconnaissance-level study is that no major adverse impacts to the ground-water resource outside reservation boundaries appear to be resulting from the waste disposal facilitiesmore » at the 12 TVA steam plants. 45 references, 26 figures.« less


We propose a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser buried in low-temperature-grown amorphous GaAs (a-GaAs), which was found to be effective for surface passivation of an etched cavity and suppression of high-order transverse modes. The deposition of highly resistive a-GaAs layer on an InGaAs/GaAs active region and AlAs/GaAs mirror layers yielded a significant improvement in threshold current density and differential quantum efficiency. The maximum currents maintaining a stable fundamental transverse mode were also increased by the antiguide effect of a-GaAs with a high refractive index. For a 10-µm-diameter device, we attained a stable single-mode emission with a threshold current of 0.7 mA.


System and method for implementing a coupling services based on the proximity is provided. In one example, the method in the start step of starting a detection step the presence of the second device by using the first communication protocol detected by the first device, a wireless network using a second communication protocol There, configuration steps a first device configured to service as enabled access point (SoftAP) software, and starting step, the second device to join the wireless network using the second communication protocol and it may include.


There is widespread public interest in and goodwill toward the space program. For NASA's plans for the next 25 years to be achieved, this public reservoir of support needs to be tapped and channeled. NASA endeavors have to reach out beyond the scientific, technological, and aerospace communities to foster wider participation in space exploration and exploitation. To broaden NASA support and spread out the financing of space activities, recommendations for consideration are offered in the area of economics, political, institutional, international, and managerial areas.


(1938). Integration Wins in Wilson Junior High 2-Year Test. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas: Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 3-8.


An iterative method is described which allows determination of the optimum parameters of a first‐order one‐bit quantizer in the least‐mean‐square error sense. Those parameters are computed from a finite sequence of a block of samples. The reference first‐order equation being nonlinear, an iterative substitution method is used to obtain the optimum parameters. The basic formula and the procedure are independent of the chosen type of coding scheme and can be applied indifferently to either one‐bit PCM or delta modulation or adaptive delta modulation or any method supplying a binary quantizer sequence (for instance, Viterbi algorithm). This method has been applied with success in the area of voice encoding at low bit rate. Experimental simulations will be played during the presentation.


Abstract: Depending upon the fatigue domain, different types of crack initiation occur. In low cycle fatigue, the cyclic plastic deformation is critical at the surface but exists also in the bulk of the metal. In high cycle fatigue, the plastic deformation is limited to the surface in plane stress conditions. In very high cycle fatigue, the crack initiates from the interior, starting from a defect in plane strain conditions. This means that the initiation mechanisms in gigacycle fatigue depend not only on upon the stress field but also on the stability of the microstructure.


In order to keep the performances of the interface between the sheds and housing materiak, the especial bonds were tried to choose and the special equipments to stick the sheds to the housing materials were used, and the height of over - adapting bonding was decided by the insulating intension difference of interior and exterior. It was realized to ensure the completely cross - linked of sitoxane, the sufficient utilization of van der waals force between the facial hydroxies of the active filer and moleculars, and no relative large fiter grains in the interface, which can make the interface relative higher mechanic intension and better insulating capability. The existence of helical structure in the net structure of moleculars caused very tardy creep and there was almost no relaxation of stress. The performances of bonding between the sheds and housing materials are steady.


We discuss a comparison of the Bayesian approaches to uncertainty assessment in deterministic models developed in Sohn and Small (2000) and Bates et al. (2003). The methods were compared within the context of the environmental risk assessment model discussed in Bates et al. (2003). Each approach was run with the same data and priors, their specific likelihood forms, and a sample from the posterior distributions obtained using the same algorithm, namely, sampling importance resampling. To determine similarities and differences between the two approaches we compared the general shape, location and spread of the posterior distributions as well as the analytic form of the likelihoods each used. The comparison showed that there was a difference in the likelihoods of each model and that this resulted in differences in some of the posterior distributions. Bates et al. (2003) used the mean and standard deviation of the observed data in their likelihood while Sohn and Small (2000) used each individual data point in their likelihood. For this reason, we believe that Sohn and Small (2000) seemed to represent the data better.


I DISCUSS IN THIS PAPER SOME ARGUMENTS RECENTLY ADDED TO THE ISSUE OF THE PRESENCE OF CARTHAGE IN IBERIA BEFORE AMILCAR'S TIMES. THUS, I REGARD THE PRODUCTION OF AMPHORAE IN THE GADIR COUNTRYSIDE AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN ENTERPRISES INTHATTERRITORY NOT AS PROOF OFTHEACTION OF CARTHAGE BUT AS A RESULT OFTHE DEVELOPMENT OFTHE CITY OF GADIR. BESIDES, I CONSIDER ALSO FROM A DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVE THE PRESENCE OF CARTHAGINIAN COINS OFTHE FOURTH CENTURY IN SOME PLACES OF THE VALLEY OF THE GUADALQUIVIR RIVER, SOMETIMES IN A GREAT QUANTITY, WHICH SOME SCHOLAR HAS INTERPRETED AS A CONSEQUENCE OF THE CARTHAGINIAN SWAY OVER THOSE REGIONS. LASTLY, I MAKE SOME COMPARISON WITH THE WAYS USED BY CARTHAGE TO CONTROL OTHER TERRITORIES (SARDINIA, SICILY) IN ORDER TO SHOW THAT THE SITUATION IN THE IBERIAN PENINSULA IS COMPLETELY DIFFERENT.THE MAIN CONCLUSION ISTO STRESSTHAT CARTHAGE HAS HARDLY EXERTED POLITICAL, MILITARY OR ECONOMIC INFLUENCE OVER IBERIA BEFORE THE ARRIVAL OF AMILCAR BARCA INTHEYEAR 237 BC.


The context of this book is to investigate the relationship between digital and hand crafted animation within the UK's future. Animation, is 'the creation of artificial moving images.' When considering animation, certain forms of the subject have to be discovered and explained. This includes short studies of 3-D, 2-D, stop frame, replacement, hand drawn and many more animation methods accessible and produced in the UK. It will identify and establish the reasons whether handmade animation has a stable presence, and also if it has promising prospects. Arguably, there are theories that handmade animation is gradually being forgotten. The quantity of handmade animated feature films are depleting under the strength of their 3-D animated counterparts, which could be a massive threat to this sector. To analyse where hand crafted and mix media animation is heading in the next twenty years, we first need to note the significant strengths in its past. Discovering the current improvements will lead us through the journey and try and accurately compose the conclusion to whether handmade methods of producing animation are viable now and in the future.


To get the desired atmosphere for laboratory work is a difficult job for researchers. Specially, it is very much unreliable to get the required solar irradiance directly from the Sun. To solve this issue, a solar insolation simulator is designed and fabricated, through which the insolation can be easily controlled with the help of Arduino based system. In this simulator, solar energy is simulated using halogen bulbs, which provide the necessary insolation. The light dependent resistor (LDR) connected to the Arduino measures the amount of solar insolation falling on the solar PV module. A fan is used to extract out the access heat generated by the bulb.


The ethical aspect of self and other engagement is recognized as essential to analytic inquiry, practice, and theory, indeed as central to understanding the life of humanity in general. This valid and important viewpoint apt for relational views lives alongside the intrapsychic aspects of mental functioning that are autonomous and nonethical in their essential processes. Integrating the simultaneous truths of two-person and one-person points of view is the hard problem of psychoanalysis.


We demonstrate an ultra-broadband and efficient edge-coupler on LNOI platform operating at near-visible to near-infrared bands with coupling loss < 3.5 dB/facet, which contributes to efficient nonlinear frequency conversion.


The occurrence, mechanism and methods to reduce of the frequency of the physiological disease, watercore, in the Japanese pear 'Hosui' were studied by applying calcium compounds, calcium binders, or calmodulin inhibitors as a paste on the pedicel or by spraying the fruit.1. When calcium chloride, calcium acetate, calcium citrate, calcium gluconate and Calci-um EDTA were applied as a paste on the pedicel, the frequency of watercore was reduced as compared with the untreated control fruits. Ca-EDTA was most effective. However, when the same chemicals were sprayed on the fruit, the treatments were ineffective.2. When the fruits on a tree which regularly produced a high number of fruits with water-core were treated with Ca-EDTA paste, the treatment increased the ratio of healthy fruits fourfold and reduced the ratio of severe watercore fruits to about 60%. Furthermore, the oc-currence of watercore caused by ethephon was much suppressed by an application of Ca-EDTA on the pedicel. Thus, the use of Ca-EDTA is recommended to reduce the prevalence of watercore in Japanese pears.3. Spraying with trifluoperazine, a calmodulin inhibitor, on the fruit or applying it on the pedicel increased the occurrence of watercore.4. Calcium content in fruit treated with Ca-EDTA paste was higher in alcohol soluble frac-tion as compared with the other treatments and control. However, the calcium content in the buffer and salt soluble fractions of the fruit treated with Ca-EDTA paste was the lowest. These results suggest that the changes in the distribution of calcium in fruit cells are relat-ed to the occurrence of watercore.


Leaf variegation in coffee plants is a relatively common abnormality, and variegated seedlings have been found to occur spontaneously in progenies of most varieties of Coffea arabica L. For this reason it is thought that variegated types should not be described as distinct varieties, as it was done before by Cramer. Variegated coffee plants can be grouped in two categories : first, those in which variegated leaves are normal in shape and texture, but do not show a uniform variegation pattern; and second, those in which malformation is present, but the variegation pattern is uniform throughout the entire plant. Usually only a few branches of plants in the first group are variegated, and it has been observed that sometimes the two leaves from the same node may show similar patterns of variegation. Variegated leaves have also been found in which half the blade is variegated or even albino, whereas the other half presents normal green color. Only preliminary genetical data are available for most of the variegated plants under investigation. It has been determined that the type of variegation of plant number 180, belonging to the first group, is inherited through the cytoplasm, but not through the pollen. The type of variegation of plant 253-21, of the second group, seems to be transmitted through the pollen.


Researchers from the Alaska Fisheries Science Center's National Marine Mammal Laboratory conduct field investigations on the population status of northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) on the Pribilof Islands, Bogoslof Island in the eastern Bering Sea, and on San Miguel Island off the coast of California. This report summarizes these monitoring efforts in 2010 and 2011. Population parameters monitored on the Pribilof Islands included the size of the subsistence harvest and the number of adult male fur seals. On St. Paul Island 3,974 and 3,829 territorial male seals with females were counted in 2010 and 2011, respectively, and both years represented a 3.6% annual decline from the previous year. On St. George Island the respective totals were 805 and 873, representing a 4.9% decrease in 2010 and 1.4% increase in 2011. On St. Paul Island, 357 and 322 subadult male seals were harvested in 2010 and 2011, respectively. On St. George Island the respective totals were 78 and 120. The estimate for the total number of pups born in 2010 was 93,627 (SE = 1,034) on St. Paul Island (not including Sea Lion Rock) and 17,973 (SE = 323) on St. George Island. Pup mortality from birth to late August was 5.3% on St. Paul Island and 5.3% on St. George Island. The number of pups born on St. Paul Island in 2010 was 8.8% less than in 2008 (P < 0.01), while at St. George the number of pups was not significantly different from the 2008 estimate. The overall rate of decline on the Pribilof Islands since 1998 was 4.9%. Both male and female pups on St. George Island were significantly longer and heavier than those on St. Paul Island (P < 0.01) in 2010.


Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." To learn the current status of any Internet-Draft, please check the "1id-abstracts.txt" listing contained in the Internet-Drafts Shadow Directories on ftp.is.co.za (Africa), nic.nordu.net (Europe), munnari.oz.au (Pacific Rim), ds.internic.net (US East Coast), or ftp.isi.edu (US West Coast). This memo provides information for the Internet community. This memo does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Overview This standard describes a general syntax for data that may have cryptography applied to it, such as digital signatures and digital envelopes. The syntax admits recursion, so that, for example, one envelope can be nested inside another, or one party can sign some previously enveloped digital data. It also allows arbitrary attributes, such as signing time, to be authenticated along with the content of a message, and provides for other attributes such as countersignatures to be associated with a signature. A degenerate case of the syntax provides a means for disseminating certificates and certificate-revocation lists. Please note: The information in this document is historical material being published for the public record. It is not an IETF standard. The use of the word "standard" in this document indicates a standard for RSA Laboratories and its customers, not an IETF standard. RSA Laboratories [Page 1] PKCS #7: Cryptographic Message Syntax 1. Scope This standard is compatible with Privacy-Enhanced Mail (PEM) in that signed-data and signed-and-enveloped-data content, constructed in a PEM-compatible mode, can be converted into PEM messages without any cryptographic operations. PEM messages can similarly be converted into the signed-data and signed-and-enveloped data content types. This standard can support a variety of architectures for certificate-based key management, such as the one proposed for Privacy-Enhanced Mail in RFC 1422. Architectural decisions such as what certificate issuers are considered "top-level," what entities certificate issuers are authorized to certify, what distinguished names are considered acceptable, and what policies certificate issuers must follow (such as signing only with secure hardware, or requiring entities to present specific forms of identification) are left outside the standard. The values produced according to this standard are intended to be BER-encoded, which means that the values would typically be represented as octet strings. While many systems …


The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation was applied in evaluation of curves' danger degree combining with the actual situation of navigation in the Huangpu river area.The method divided evaluation systems into several indicators to establish the hazard degree assessment system to realize the comprehensive evaluation of the curves in the Huangpu river.Through analysis the result,the danger degree number will be given of the six accident prone curves.It is achievable and simple in the practical application with high accuracy.


Synchronous colon cancers, defined as two or more primary colon cancer detected simultaneously at the time of initial diagnosis, account for up to 5% of all colon cancer diagnoses. Management principles and outcomes remain largely undefined.


Background and Aim: Spiritual attitude is one of the factors affecting mental health of students. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of religious attitudes with self-control and self-discrepancy (S-D) in students of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences (SKUMS) in 2017. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 328 students of the SKUMS were studied. The participants completed Tangney Self-control Survey, Higgins Self-discrepancy Questionnaire, a religious attitude questionnaire, and a checklist of demographic information. For data analysis, in addition to descriptive statistics, independent t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and one-way ANOVA were used. Stata software was used to analyze the data. Results: The mean values of religious attitude, self-control, and self-discrepancy were higher in women in comparison with men (P< 0.05). There was a significant difference between self-control religious beliefs, actual-self minus actual-self (S-D2), and self-discrepancy in terms of total monthly income of all family members (P< 0.05). Academic discipline was significantly associated with religious attitude, ideal-self minus actual-self (S-D1), S-D2, and S-D (P< 0.05), but self-control difference was not significant (P= 0.84). There was a linear relationship, significant correlation of religious attitude with the mean values of self-control, required self, actual-self, idea-self, self-discrepancy, and S-D1 and S-D2 (P< 0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, religious attitude was associated with self-control, self-discrepancy, and their dimensions.


Inactivation and degradation of hemoglobin were examined in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and guaiacol. Hemoglobin is inactivated upon exposure to hydrogen peroxide. The inactivation and degradation of hemoglobin are two correlated processes. The presence of reducing substrate in addition to hydrogen peroxide partly or completely protected the hemoglobin from inactivation. A reaction mechanism is proposed, in which two competitive routes exist for Compound II of hemoglobin; one catalytic and one inactivating. [Life Science Journal. 2006; 3( 1) :52 58J (ISSN: 1097 8135).


Propagation of hemopoietic clones derived from MDS marrow in vitro or in vivo has proven difficult. We recently showed engraftment of clonal cells identified by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) markers, in b2m null mice using MDS bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMC) injected intramedullarly along with the human stroma-derived cell lines, HS5 and HS27a. To define the role of stromal cells for transplant success, we conducted additional in vitro and in vivo studies. Methods: Using NOD/SCID-b2m null mice (irradiated with 350cGy), MDS BMMC (10 7 cells) or purified CD34+ MDS-derived hematopoietic precursors (10 6 cells) were transplanted into the right femur with or without the addition of HS5 and HS27a (2x10 5 ) stroma cells. Engraftment was defined as presence of ≥ 0.2% human CD45+ cells in peripheral blood. To document the presence of human stroma, mice were transplanted with GFP transduced HS5 and HS27a cells, and sacrificed 1h or 24h after transplant. Marrow cells from the femora were evaluated for the presence of GFP signals by flow cytometry. MDS-derived hematopoietic precursors from patients with identifiable FISH markers, were sorted from the blast gate (CD45 dim, low side scatter [ SSC]), and plated on stromal feeder layers (either HS5 or HS27a, irradiated with 1800cGy), in contact or transwell cultures. After one week, cells were recovered and analyzed by FISH, and also plated in methocult. Colonies were plucked at two weeks and also analyzed by FISH. Results: 11 of 13 mice transplanted without co-injection of stroma cells showed engraftment of human cells. At six weeks, clonal cells were detected in four of six mice with a FISH marker [−5 and del(5q)], suggesting that stromal cells were not an absolute requirement for the propagation of clonal cells. However, in mice transplanted with cells from the same marrow source with or without stromal cells, the engraftment rate was higher with stroma (4/7, 57%) than without stroma (2/6, 33%), as was the proportion of human hemopoietic cells in marrow (6.4±2.7% vs 2.2±0.4%, respectively). The proportion of human cells was higher at the injection site than in the contralateral femur. Furthermore, clonal (FISH+) cells were detected in 3 of 4 mice in the stroma group (del(5q) and +8), but not in two mice that were not injected with stroma but showed engraftment of "normal" human cells. Among mice transplanted with cells from a patient with +8, only those in the stroma group showed engraftment (clonal and non-clonal cells). Nine mice transplanted with CD34+ MDS cells (7 with and 2 without addition of stroma) did not show engraftment, suggesting that not only stroma but also other accessory cells are important for the tranplant success. GFP+ stromal cells were recognized in mouse bone marrow obtained from the injection site, but not contralaterally. In vitro, clonal cells (−7) were recovered from short-term assays on HS5 or HS27a cells, from contact and trans-well cultures. However, colonies were formed only from cells in contact cultures; HS5 stroma (a rich source of cytokines) favored clonal (FISH+) cell growth. Conclusions: Thus, the intramedullary co-transplantation of stromal cells enhanced the engraftment ability of normal and clonal cells from human MDS marrow. In vitro data suggest that cell-to-cell contact is necessary, and that clonal cell growth may have an advantage in the presence of HS5 cells.


These studies illustrate the efficacy of a newly developed unsaturated/saturated flow apparatus (UFA) to decrease significantly the time required to obtain direct measurements of transport parameters. The UFA method can be applied to cores of soil, sediment, rock, concrete, or any other porous media, especially highly unsaturated and relatively impermeable materials. The UFA method is effective because it allows the operator to set variables in Darcy"s Law and impose any desired steady-state hydraulic conductivity. The UFA achieves hydraulic steady-state in hours by using an adjustable body force (provided by a centrifugal acceleration in the rotating frame of reference) to drive the fluid, coupled with precision fluid flow through a rotating seal assembly. The normal operating range of unsaturated hydraulic conductivity that can be imposed by the UFA is from the saturated conductivity for that specimen [up to about 10-4 cm/s (10-1 darcy; 10-9 cm2)] down to about 10-11 cm/s (10-8 darcy; 10-16 cm2). For strictly saturated conditions, the UFA can operate down to 10-14 cm/s. Temperatures can be adjusted from -20° to 150°C, and constant flow can be imposed during rotation down to 0·001 mL/h. Several comparisons are made among K(t) results, determined on splits of the same samples using the UFA and other methods, to the van Genuchten/Mualem estimations derived from water retention data using RETC. A case study is also discussed involving subsurface hydrostratigraphic mapping and recharge distribution at a mixed waste site. This study demonstrates the speed, economy, and direct measurement capability of the UFA that make it optimal for determining transport behaviour under unsaturated conditions.


In their article in CMAJ , Downar and colleagues[1][1] provided a descriptive analysis of patient characteristics for patients who have received medical assistance in dying (MAiD) in comparison to patients who died from any cause.

One of the authors' stated intentions was to address the concern


This is a randomized controlled trial to confirm the superiority of perioperative mFOLFOX6 to postoperative mFOLFOX6 in the treatment of lower rectal cancer with suspected lateral lymph node metastasis.


Achieving the improvement of water resource efficiency is the common key foundation for the country to promote the adjustment of the energy structure, promote the development of low-carbon technology and environmental protection, cope with global climate change, and achieve the strategic goal of "carbon peaking and carbon neutralization". The study explores the role of green finance and water resource utilization efficiency in high-quality economic development (HQED). The development index of resource utilization efficiency constructs an indicator system of HQED from three dimensions of HQED capability, structure, and benefit, constructs a spatial lag model, introduces a nested matrix, and empirically studies their spatial effect. The mediating effect of water resource utilization efficiency was verified using the mediating effect model. According to the empirical analysis, the results are as follows: (1) green finance and water resource utilization efficiency are important influencing factors for promoting HQED, and green finance can promote HQED with direct short-term effects but no direct effects in the long term; (2) the short-term direct effect of water resource utilization efficiency can also improve HQED and has no effect in the long term; (3) the short-term effect of the interaction term of green finance and water resource utilization efficiency exists as a negative effect, but the long-term, indirect, and total effect cannot affect HQED; (4) green finance and water resource utilization efficiency show no spatial effect on HQED; green finance has an incomplete intermediary role in promoting HQED.


Background and Objectives: Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) can be defined as a cognitive bias that affects how a person perceives, interprets, and responds to uncertain situations on a cognitive, emotional, and behavioral level. The aim of this study was to compare IU among major depression disorder (MDD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and healthy groups. Materials and Methods: Forty eight patients with MDD and forty six patients with OCD were non-randomly selected from those attended to psychiatric and psychological clinics of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. The control group of 50 people was selected from students and staff of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. All patients were asked to complete the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Maudsley obsessive-compulsive Inventory (MOCI) and Intolerance of uncertainty Questionnaire. Results: There was a significant difference between OCD with healthy groups in IU total score and in all subscales (P<0.001). Also there was a significant difference between the MDD and healthy groups in IU total score, inability to act, and uncertainty about the future (P<0.001). There was a significant difference between the OCD and MDD groups in IU total score and all subscales (P<0/001), except for the uncertainty about the future. Conclusion: Overall, the results of this study indicate that IU is one of the characteristic of OCD. Also some of its dimensions are associated with depression.


Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious disease that also causes lipid abnormalities. Limited studies are focusing on metabolic abnormalities in TB patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM). While studying lipid abnormalities in pulmonary TB patients, there were no marked differences between serum levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) and High Density Lipoprotein (HDL). However, it was suggested that increased levels of lipoprotein (a) in patients with pulmonary TB may be a risk for atherosclerosis. Aim: To study the lipid abnormalities in TB patients with DM. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Pulmonary Medicine at a tertiary care teaching institute {PES Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (PESIMSR} Andhra Pradesh, India, between October 2015 to March 2016 (six months). Four groups were made, Group I included 30 patients with TB and no DM, Group II included 25 patients with TB with DM, Group III had 30 patients with DM only and Group IV was control group with 30 healthy individuals. Lipid profile testing was done for all the participants and the values obtained were compared. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test was used to compare the means between the groups and Kruskal-Wallis test when data did not follow the normal distribution. The p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Total 25 patients in group II had 18 male and 7 female with mean age of 48.5±11.12 years. The total cholesterol, triglycerides, Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) was high in group III (176.33±43.35 mg/dL, 221.733±39.2 mg/dL, 34.8±17.81 mg/dL respectively). The HDL was lowest in group II (27.88±8.03 mg/dL). However, the LDL values showed no significant difference between the groups (p-value=0.162). group I had Low Body Mass Index (BMI) (18.61±3.6 kg/ m2). The atherogenic index was high in group II especially in males. Conclusion: In patients with TB and DM, screening of lipid profile can provide markers of atherogenicity which may help to predict and prevent cardiovascular events. A good nutritious diet is recommended alongside chemotherapeutics in the treatment for TB patient's management and their lipid profile status should be monitored while managing the patients.


Background:
 Several studies have reported a male:female ratio of 4:1 in lone atrial fibrillation (AF) populations. However, there have been few reports on the young population with AF, and no reports from a primary care setting. Here, we describe prevalence and sex-differences in early-onset AF in a nation-wide register-based study in the primary care sector in Norway.

 Methods:
 In Norway, with a population of 5.4 million, healthcare is publicly financed and all general practitioner (GP) claims have been recorded in the Norwegian Control and Payment of Health Reimbursement (KUHR) registry, since 2006. We identified all individuals aged ≥18 and <50 years registered with ≥1 AF diagnosis code (International Classification of Primary Care (ICPC) K78), from 2006-2019 in the KUHR registry. Based on population estimates from Statistics Norway, we calculated the prevalence of early-onset AF in 2019, as a total, by sex, and by age groups: 18-29, 30-39, 40-49.

 Results:
 We identified 5563 individuals (28.5% women, age 18-49 years) aged 18-49 in 2019 with AF diagnosed <age 50 years. In 2019, the prevalence of early-onset AF registered in all individuals up to age 50 was 0.24% (women: 0.14% (1585/1114821), men 0.34% (3978/1176555), p=1.4x10
 -205
 ) with a ratio of 2.5 men:women. In individuals aged 18-29 the prevalence was 0.05% (women 0.04% (164/410367), men 0.07% (292/435001), p=79x10
 -8
 ). For the age group 30-39 years the prevalence was 0.19% (women 0.12% (408/349639), men 0.27% (985/367730), p=3.9x10
 -49
 ). For the age group 40-49 years the prevalence was 0.51% (women 0.29% (1013/354815), men 0.72% (2701/373824), p=1.39x10
 -155
 ).

 Conclusion:
 We show that the prevalence of early-onset AF in a nation-wide primary care population is 0.24% and that the sex-difference in prevalence is smaller than previously reported in early-onset and lone AF studies. Our findings underline the need of increased awareness of AF as a disease in the young, and particularly to women in the youngest age-groups.


As radio spectrum becomes increasingly scarce, co-existence and bidirectional sharing between active and passive systems becomes a crucial target. In the past, spectrum regulations conferred radio astronomy a status on par with active services, thereby protecting their extreme sensitivity against any harmful interference. However, passive systems are likely to lose exclusive allocations as capacity constraints for active systems increase. The resulting increase in ambient radio frequency noise from various terrestrial and non-terrestrial emitters can only be mitigated with informed collaboration between active and passive users. While coexistence using time-division spectrum access has been proposed in the past, a more dynamic approach following the CBRS sharing principle promises greater spectral occupancy and efficiency, enabled by a spectrum access system capable of constantly monitoring the ambient RF environment. Instead of simply minimizing the potential for any "harmful" interference to passive users, the goal is to use good engineering to enable sharing between active and passive users. To this end, this research created a Software Defined Radio (SDR)-based testbed at the the Hat Creek Radio Observatory to quantitatively characterize the radio-frequency environment, and flag potential sources of radio frequency interference in the vicinity of the Allen Telescope Array. Sensor validation was carried out via data analysis of I/Q data collected in well-characterized RF bands. Results so far from ground and drone-based surveys are consistent with the expected sources of interference, based on both the deployment of static RF transmitters in the Hat Creek/Redding area as well as the interference detected in telescope observations themselves.


A predictive maintenance program was developed for a treatment plant with a large number of pieces of critical mechanical equipment. Using an inexpensive, portable vibration meter, data was accumulated to monitor the changing mechanical condition of critical pieces of equipment. Using a computer and database software, an information handling system for the predictive maintenance program was developed. Each piece of critical mechanical equipment in the predictive maintenance program had a dedicated file. Each file had a record containing the date of the vibration reading and the actual vibration readings. From the stored data, statistical and graphical capabilities of the software were used to analyze and graph the data to provide the facts for planning maintenance based on prediction. Utilizing this system, a decision could be made as to when equipment was to be repaired before a critical failure occurred.


Objective:To explore the best therapy of infertile women ovulated with small follicle(OSF)by comparing the stimulate ovulation effect and pregnancy outcomes of four kinds of assisted reproductive technology(ART)used in the treatment of OSF. Methods:301 infertile women caused by OSF,who had 455 clinical cycles and 459 ART cycles were analyzed prospectively. According to the results of hystero-salpingography and spouse semen there are three groups used in the patients:Artificial medication cycle,AIH cycle,IVF cycle under the condition of patients' informed consent. Transvaginal ultrosonography was used to monitor the follicular development and drug ovulation facilitation for them. Compare the number of the dominant follicle in HCG day,rates of Lufs incidence,OHSS incidence,pregnancy,ectopic pregnancy,polyembryony,early abortion and so on. Results:After treatments of these ARTs,the number of the dominant follicle in HCG day,rates of pregnancy in IVF-ET group were higher than that in other groups,the rate of Lufs incidence is lower than others. And the rates of polyembryony and OHSS incidence were higher than other groups.In the Artificial medication treatment,the rates of pregnancy in CC+HMG group were higher than other groups,the rate of early abortion incidence is lower than others. Conclusions:Stimulating ovulation drugs can increase the pregnancy rates of patient with OSF. Using CC joint HMG will reduce the side effects of CC,avoid causing too small follicles that HMG treatment,and increase pregnancy rate and reduce the abortion rate. During stimulating follicle growth,AIH and IVF are the safe and effective therapies for OSF patients because of higher clinical pregnancy rate.


This research deals with the development of micro grinding tools fabricated by electroless Ni-P composite plating with 5-10μm sized diamond grits and micro grinding. In this study, the fabrication of micro grinding tools for the grit amount was investigated and two kinds of tools were fabricated. The tools were used to micro grooving or drilling. Grooving with a groove depth of 100μm could be performed to about 600mm on silicon. Also micro drilling was possible in silicon, quartz glass and metallic glass.


Childhood ataxia with central nervous system hypomyelination (CACH)) is an inherited autosomal recessive white matter disease which is also known as leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter (VWM). Ataxia and spasticity are the predominant symptoms of the disease. It is a progressive disease with exacerbations. Manyetic resonance imaging (MRI) is diagnostic with diffuse white matter abnormalities. It can be seen at all ages but adult forms are rare. We report here the first two cases of juvenile and adult-onset forms of the disease in Turkey. They are two sisters with age of 21 and 25 who presented us with gait difficulty and spasticity. They had seizures and also the typical MRI findings of CACH. We should consider it in the differential diagnosis of gait difficulty, ataxia and spasticity in adult patients. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4021/jnr162w


A methodology for improving the application of Biome‐BGC in peninsular Spain was developed focusing on the optimization of the rooting depth (zroot), which is not available for the study area on a spatially distributed basis. The optimal zroot was identified by comparing daily gross primary production (GPP) simulations with varying zroot to GPP estimations from a production efficiency model previously optimized for and validated in the study area. The methodology was first tested in four eddy covariance (EC) sites representative of Mediterranean ecosystems and next applied at a regional scale to the whole study area. As a result, daily GPP simulated maps for the 2005–2012 period and an optimal zroot map were obtained. Optimal zroot in the four EC sites was shallower than the default one (100 cm) and led to better simulation results. Realistic, spatially distributed GPP estimates were obtained at regional scale. Withal, some discrepancies appeared both at local and regional scale emphasizing the difficulty to adequately simulate the site's water budget and the need for proper setting of inputs, including zroot for the correct functioning of Biome‐BGC. The performed optimization opens the door for using Biome‐BGC to simulate other main vegetation processes, such as net carbon fluxes, in the study area.


Div. 16 Spec, Statistics on what makes a successful project, Requirements Engineering, Process and Procedures, CSIA, Schedule, Budget, virus considerations protecting SCADA, front end loading, preliminary engineering ABSTRACT The goal for any SCADA system project should include assurances to meet desired budget and schedule. Yet statistics show that fully 2/3rds of all SCADA projects fail on both desired budget and schedule. As a system integrator with over 30 years-experience implementing SCADA, the author tries to explain how budget and schedule can be met through early considerations, including: 1) Requirements Engineering; 2) Successful Project Plan; and 3) Modern day architecture preferences and technologies specified, rather than simply brand name preferences, containing considerations for virus protected SCADA. The project quality also has an improved chance for success with these same three upfront considerations. This power point presentation will explain further how to successfully implement front end loading projects along with requirements engineering, covering how to write better specifications with more meaningful milestones, how to include better engineering project measurements, and how to better anticipate project obstacles. Considerations will also show how industry standard practices and procedures, such as those advocated by CSIA (Control Systems Integrators Association) can help assure the success of a project; and such process and procedures are almost certainly necessary to meet project budget, schedule, and quality objectives.


over the "modern state of living-in-the-media": the media with its blitz of fragmentary and inadequate information making Americans "half-mad with anxiety and restlessness," the media with its threat "to take over altogether and push literature out of sight. . ." (15). At the time, Denby was also keenly interested in the "curriculum wars" raging in the arena of education. So, rising to his wife's challenge to "put up or shut up," he bought his books and notebooks and went back to Columbia to ponder for himself what the controversy was all about. During the course of the year, he became a reader again and rediscovered the pleasures of concentration:


In this paper, we mainly analyze the nonlinear dynamics behavior of the (2[Formula: see text]+[Formula: see text]1)-dimensional Sawada–Kotera (S–K) equation, which can be usually used to describe shallow water phenomena from natural science. First, the multiple resonant wave and complexiton solutions are constructed with the help of the linear superposition principle, under different domain fields, such as real and complex domain fields, respectively. Next, we apply a new ansatz method to obtain a class of rogue wave solutions (one-rogue wave and two-rogue wave solutions). Finally, the 3-dimensional and 2-dimensional density graphs are plotted for the yielded results in the above texts to better illustrate the dynamics processes to them.


We give a brief review of the experimental situation concerning hyperon polarization. We mention also the current models developed to understand the experimental results and make some comments on some theoretical aspects contained in the Thomas precession model.


This paper starts from the application to Latin America of an analytical tool that has been developed to evaluate the quality of democracies and is based on the three notions of quality, in terms procedures (rule of law, electoral accountability, inter-institutional accountability, participation and political competition), content (freedom and socio-economic equality), and result (responsiveness). It takes in full consideration the previous research of the author on the area, and underlines both the major shortcomings that the empirical work has brought out and the most appropriate policies that should be implemented in order to improve the democratic quality of those countries. Obviously, the absence, partial or complete, of the actual conditions to put in place those policies is another matter and depends on other and related factors that would require subsequent empirical research to be enucleated.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop the flame retardancy properties of cotton fabrics with treatment of phosphorus and nitrogen containing silane-based nanosol by sol-gel process. Design/methodology/approach – Nanosols containing tetraethoxysilane or (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane as precursors, (3-glycidyloxypropyl) trimethoxysilane as cross-linking agent and guanidine phosphate monobasic as flame retarding agent were impregnated on cotton fabrics. Flame retardancy properties of the fabric samples were determined by limited flame spread test and limited oxygen index (LOI) test. In addition, microstructural and surface morphological properties of the fabric samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope. Findings – Depending on the limited flame spread test, the authors show that the coated fabric samples gain flame retardancy properties and the LOI value of the samples increased as to 45.7 per cent by...


The primary objective of this research is to discuss various applications and the pertinent results of an optical fiber thermography system which has been developed to measure temperatures of laser heated biological tissue. This presentation is intended as a follow up to a paper presented at SPIE's conference on laser surgery in 1987. That presentation addressed the actual system design concepts however and presently the theory of operation will be reviewed, system description provided and results presefited.


This article analyses programmes of cash allowances for children and compares their effectiveness in combating child poverty in Russia and four European Union (EU) countries representing alternative family policy models – Sweden, Germany, Belgium and the United Kingdom. Using microsimulation models, this article estimates the potential gains if the Russian system were re-designed along the policy parameters of these countries and vice versa. The results confirm that the poverty impact of the programme design is smaller than that of the level of spending. Other conditions being equal, the best distributional outcomes for children are achieved by applying the mix of universal and means-tested child benefits, such as those employed by the United Kingdom and Belgium. At the same time, the Russian design of child allowances does not appear to be less effective in terms of its impact on child poverty when transferred to European countries in place of their current arrangements.


Abstract. The impact of built environment on travel behaviour has long been an actively researched topic. However, many researches are focusing on the travel behaviour regarding to the choice of passengers on using public transport such as buses and subways, or private means such as private cars. Taxi, as a historical mean of public transport has not been widely researched in term of its relationship with the built environment.Considering taxi as a practical, comfortable, and direct (door-to-door) means of transport, it is still widely used alongside with other available public transport modes either as a supplemental mode toward the buses and subways, or to accomplish the whole journey of a passenger. Of particular interest to transportation planners and policymakers is that a taxi trip which drives a passenger from a home to a bus stop or subway station, and vice versa might signifies its uses as either a first-mile trip or last-mile trip provider, supporting the inability of our public transit system to solve that problem in general. Therefore, the first research question of this paper is to investigate whether taxi has been able to increase urban accessibility via providing connection between homes and transit stations (i.e. subway stations or bus stops). Our model will control for a series of built environment features, especially the number of jobs within 100m of a transit station. Note that some commuters' taxi drop-off locations are indeed their workplace while others are simply the access points where they enter the public transit network (a.k.a. the first mile issue we mentioned). We use the variable 'number of jobs within 100m of a transit station' to rule out the blurring effect of the first scenario in which drop-off locations are workplaces. This is an important identification strategy for our first research question.Aside from its function as a first-mile trip or last-mile trip provider and its relationship with the urban built environment, taxi has been commonly accepted as a mean of transport with significantly higher fare than either bus or subway, which is certainly an indicator of passengers' economic profile. In the meantime, racial minority groups tend to live in relatively separated areas, as referred in the residential segregation and spatial mismatch literature. These racial minority neighbourhoods, or racial and ethnic enclaves, often do not have good accessibility to public transit network. If we do find taxi is serving as a first-mile or last-mile trip provider, how is it related to the residential segregation of racial minority groups? Is it simply an affordability issue (i.e. determined by income)? Or are there something more that are inherent in the phenomenon of residential segregation? With this in mind, the second research question of this paper is to investigate whether taxi originations have been disproportionately low in racial minority neighbourhoods, after taking into account of income and a variety of other demographic and socioeconomic factors. If it is so, (relatively) affordable car sharing schemes provided by Uber, Lyft, and other subsidized vanpool programs might become very important for connecting these minority neighbourhoods to existing transit networks. The findings of this part would have important implications for equitable transportation planning and policymaking.Combining big data analytics and traditional spatial statistical approach, the contributions of this paper are mainly two folds. First, it helps us understand whether taxi has been able to increase urban accessibility via providing connection between homes and transit stations (i.e. subway stations or bus stops). Second, it provides insights on whether taxi originations have been disproportionately low in racial minority neighbourhoods, raising transport equity concerns over a simple affordability issue.This research aims to examine 1) whether taxi has been able to increase urban accessibility via providing connection between homes and transit stations (i.e. subway stations or bus stops); 2) whether taxi originations have been disproportionately low in racial minority neighbourhoods, raising transport equity concerns over a simple affordability issue.


The University of Toledo offered an introductory course in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for teachers, the first of its kind taught in the College of Education. The course objectives sought to increase teachers' GIS skills, knowledge of geographic inquiry, application of the inquiry process to solving problems related to K-12 curricula, and ability to locate useful GIS resources. The course that met for four hours a day for two weeks, included seven graduate-level teachers in the areas of art, physical education, science, and math. Model-centered instruction focused on a geographic inquiry model served as a framework for course instruction, class activities, homework, and project designs. Final projects demonstrated that teachers learned to see relationships between geography and their respective disciplines, apply an inquiry model to solving problems, and think critically about geographic information when provided with steps from an established model. Course outcomes lend some evidence that even a very short course can be a very effective means of introducing GIS in a teacher education program.


Irony as see in Australian poetry in the fifties is discussed, and is seen as a quality, an imaginative dimension that can achieve several valuable effects. All good poetry is to some extent ironic, in that it is more complex and paradoxical than mere statement can be.


Malignant ascites caused by peritoneal dissemination of gastric cancer is chemotherapy‐resistant and associated with poor prognosis. We conducted a pilot study to evaluate the safety of weekly intraperitoneal injections of in vitro expanded Vγ9Vδ2 T cells together with zoledronate for the treatment of such malignant ascites. Patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with zoledronate (5 μmol/L) and interleukin‐2 (1000 IU/mL). After 14 days culture, Vγ9Vδ2 T‐cells were harvested and administered intraperitoneally in four weekly infusions. The day before T‐cell injection, patients received zoledronate (1 mg) to sensitize their tumor cells to Vγ9Vδ2 T‐cell recognition. Seven patients were enrolled in this study. The number of Vγ9Vδ2 T‐cells in each injection ranged from 0.6 to 69.8 × 108 (median 59.0 × 108). There were no severe adverse events related to the therapy. Intraperitoneal injection of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells allows them access to the tumor cells in the peritoneal cavity. The number of tumor cells in the ascites was significantly reduced even after the first round of therapy and remained substantially lower over the course of treatment. IFN‐γ was detected in the ascites on treatment. Computed tomography revealed a significant reduction in volume of ascites in two of seven patients. Thus, injection of these antitumor Vγ9Vδ2 T‐cells can result in local control of malignant ascites in patients for whom no standard therapy apart from paracentesis is available. Adoptively transferred Vγ9Vδ2 T‐cells do indeed recognize tumor cells and exert antitumor effector activity in vivo, when they access to the tumor cells.


The problem of setting tariffs is often a point of conflict between communities and managers. On the one hand, the community wants tariffs at the lowest level according to their capabilities with satisfactory service, on the other hand, the management wants high rates that can generate satisfactory profits. Basically, the determination of parking rates in accordance with the ability and willingness of the community will make it easier for users of parking facilities to pay the tariffs, especially if balanced with adequate services and facilities. Formulate the problem in this study is how the ability and willingness to pay parking users in the Banjaran Market area and whether the existing parking rates are in accordance with the ability and willingness of parking users in the Banjaran Market?. The method used in this study is descriptive analysis method, descriptive is a systematic, actual and accurate depiction of facts, data on events being studied. Analysis is the arrangement of data to obtain answers to questions that arise in research. For users of parking facilities for two-wheeled and four-wheeled vehicles on weekdays, the ATP value is obtained. The first hour tariff is Rp. 1,629.39, the progressive parking rate is Rp. 629, 39 WTP the tariff is Rp. Rp 1.388.08. For users of two-wheeled and four-wheeled vehicles on weekends, the ATP value for the first hour is Rp. Rp. 1,388.08 and the next hour tariff is Rp. 388.08 with a fixed WTP rate of Rp. 1388.08. From all calculations ATP is greater than WTP. The difference between the amount of ATP and WTP from the results of the analysis can occur due to several factors, one of which is the large percentage of parking fee allocation used as a component of ATP calculations that is not suitable for the tariffs applied at the Banjaran Market.


A magnetorheological (MR) damper is popularly applied for vibration control owing to its fast response and the easy controllability of the field-dependent damping force. However, most of the existing MR dampers developed so far possess design complexity and a high manufacturing cost due to complicated coil structures. To resolve these drawbacks of the existing MR dampers, a novel magnetic circuit positioned separately from the piston head of MR damper with a simple structure is proposed in this work. As a first step, a design configuration using the operating principle of the magnetic circuit is demonstrated, and subsequently, the magnetic analysis of MR damper is carried out through an analytical approach and the finite element method. In the magnetic analysis, the magnetic flux density is numerically calculated at various piston locations with different applied currents. After determining the principal design parameters of the proposed MR damper, experimental validation to demonstrate the concept of the new magnetic circuit is performed. The effect of the piston stroke length on the damping force is evaluated as a function of the current. In addition, it is discussed that the proposed MR damper can provide much higher control range of the damping force than conventional types of MR dampers in a low level of damping force.


Issue/Problem

The situation of humanitarian emergency affecting Sicily and the difficulties highlighted by the media in the reception of migrants have made this topic interesting for carrying out the validation of guidelines for Health Impact Assessment (HIA) introduced in 2013. In particular, the HIA regional working team, in collaboration with the National Agency for Regional Health Services, wanted to investigate the potential health impacts of the reorganization of non-medical support initiatives aimed at …


Acknowledgements Illustrations Introduction 1 Goemon's New World View 2 The Japanese Discovery of Japan 3 The Village Elite in the Restoration Drama 4 Everyday Politics in Restoration Period Japan 5 Edo in 1868 6 The United States and Japan's Civil War 7 The Emperor's New Food 8 Political Localism in Meiji Japan 9 Peripheral Visions.


The Genocide Convention and challenges to its Effective ApplicationThe Convention for the Punishment and Prevention of Genocide adopted on December 9, 1948 by UN internationaly discussed the definition of 'genocide' and enumerated its ingredients furthering the process of finally recognising past acts of genocide and condemning them as well as identifying future ones. The purpose and intent of Genocide Convention has been construed as three fold: (1) a protest against past misdeeds, (2) prevention of future crimes by legally enabling action and (3) protection of the internationally recognised groups' right to exist.However, various challenges to the Genocide Convention made its application futile. These challenges include; weak enforcement mechanism, lack of adherence to the principles and absence of uniformity in international standards. These in turn prevent the Convention from achieving its full potential for achieving the goal of prevention of genocide. A example of this failure is the cultural genocide being committed by the Chinese in Tibet, where a way of life is being destroyed through bringing about a change in the political–religious system and change in the demographic equation by resettlement wherein a hitherto majority has been converted into miniscule minority. Therefore, there is requirement that the two purposes of the Convention, prevention of the crime of genocide and punishment of the acts of genocide need to be recognised and fully enforced.


Abstract This study investigated the prosodic feature of 'pausing' during interactions between profoundly deaf toddlers and their hearing mothers. The participants in the study were 12 mother–toddler dyads comprising six normally hearing toddlers and their hearing mothers and six profoundly deaf toddlers and their hearing mothers. Child participants were matched by language stage based on Brown's stages of morphological development and were aged between 25 and 45 months. Child participants were observed interacting with their mothers during videotaped free play sessions. Language samples containing up to a maximum of 100 child utterances from each dyad were transcribed, coded and analysed. The association between the prosodic feature of pausing (using measured time intervals) and the hearing status of the dyads was investigated. Results indicated that significant differences existed between dyads having hearing toddlers and dyads having deaf toddlers with regard to the length of pause between reciprocal utterances. The findings also suggested that there was a significant relationship between the language stage of the toddler and the dyad's use of pause length. Some variations in this general finding were noted. The implications of this study in terms of educational strategies for parents, teachers and speech pathologists are discussed.


The major and minor allergens in fish and shellfish that have been identified are broadly spread in the myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic proteins. This study aimed to create the SPT reagents of squid myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic proteins to improve sensitivity and specificity diagnosis. Myofibrillar protein fraction was composed of 11 protein bands with the molecular weights of 18.2-108.4 kDa and sarcoplasmic protein fraction was composed of 13 protein bands with the molecular weights of 9.5-119.3 kDa. The allergenic myofibrillar protein has the molecular weights of 8.9-122.7 kDa while the allergenic sarcoplasmic protein has the molecular weights of 11.8-143.9 kDa. Each allergen extract was formulated into a SPT reagent met the requirements of the European Pharmacopoeia Monograph on Allergen Products 7 (2010:1063) for the parameters of moisture content, protein content, sterility and microbiology. A SPT to the respondents indicated that the sensitivity value of squid myofibrillar reagent was 86% and squid sarcoplasmic reagent was 64% with a negative error rate for each myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic reagents was 14% and 36%, respectively. The result diagnosis of squid myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic would generate sensitivity value at 100%. The separation of squid proteins into myofibrils and sarcoplasm for SPT could improve its sensitivity value and lowered the negative misdiagnosis. The specificity of each myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic proteins was 100% with an error rate of positive diagnosis occurrence at 0%.


Based on the data of soybean yield and soil available water storage capacity from 17 standard meteorological stations in 1994-2007 in Heilongjiang Province,the relationship of soybean yield response with soil moisture was investigated in terms of empirical orthogonal function(EOF), composite analysis,singular value decomposition(SVD),and so on.The results showed that there were the large scale spatial correlative characteristics between the soybean yield and soil moisture from early June to early July.As a whole,the soybean yield was correlative to the soil moisture.Therefore,the soil moistures of Qingan,Tangyuan and Harbin could be considered as the reference factors in forecasting the soybean yield in Heilongjiang province.The soybean yield was sensitive to the changes of soil moisture.The most sensitive regions were Harbin,Jiamusi and the east-central and northern in the Songnen Plain.


A paramagnetic species of spin 1/2, with the four 〈111〉 axes of the cubic lattice as the symmetry axes, has been observed by electron paramagnetic resonance in undoped, as‐grown RuS2 single crystals. The g values at 10.8 K are g∥ =2.022±0.001 and g⊥ =2.088±0.001. The most probable origin of this paramagnetic species is an S− ion adjacent to an S vacancy.


It is considered the electromagnetic wave in the frame moving transverse to the wave. Due to the velocity of the frame with respect to a preferred reference frame the oscillations of phase arise. The oscillations of phase yield the third order effect which can be seen in the Michelson-Morley experiment. The effect due to the velocity of the earth with respect to CMB is in agreement with the anisotropy determined in the Michelson-Morley experiment. Consider the plane monochromatic electromagnetic wave. Let the wave vector k be directed along the axis x, the electric field E along the axis y, the magnetic field H along the axis z. Suppose that the invariance of the velocity of light holds true. Let the emitter and receiver of the electromagnetic wave be situated in the frame moving with the velocity v with respect to a preferred reference frame. We shall take the frame of the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) as a preferred reference frame. Let, the velocity v be transverse to the electromagnetic wave, e.g. the velocity v be in the z direction. Due to the velocity of the frame an additional magnetic field in the x direction arises ∆Hx = − v c Ey. (1) This means the first order phase oscillations ωt − kr ∝ 1 − v c cos(ωt − kr). (2) The first order effect average for the period is equal to zero. The magnetic field ∆Hx produces an additional electric field in the y direction ∆Ey = v c ∆Hx = v cc Ey (3) where c∗ = c[1 − v c cos(ωt− kr)] (4) is the effective velocity of light given by the first order effect. This means the second order phase oscillations ωt− kr ∝ 1 − v cc cos(ωt − kr). (5) Due to the effective velocity of light the second order phase oscillations yield the third order effect average for the period v/2c. An observer can detect such a phase shift of the third order with the Michelson-Morley interferometer.