LET IT BE understood, to begin with, that the expression 'Philadelphia dialect,' or sub-dialect, is used here for convenience only, because the city of Philadelphia is the largest center of population in the dialect area under consideration, and contains roughly half of the speakers of the dialect. To tell the truth, I think that the real heart and centre of this dialect was originally, and still is, a few miles to the south, in the eastern part of Delaware County-where, by the way, the first Englishspeaking settlements in this region were made-and that the dialect has spread in all directions from this original home; for it seems to me that the special peculiarities in pronunciation and idiom appear in their most extreme form in Delaware County. Also included in the area of the Philadelphia dialect are the western and northern suburbs (in Chester, Montgomery, and Bucks Counties), the northern section of Delaware including Wilmington, and neighboring parts of New Jersey with the shore resorts from Cape May to Atlantic City.' These resorts, it should be pointed out, are largely frequented by Philadelphians. It is proposed to discuss, in the present article, the characteristics and affinities of this dialect: to point out those features which it shares with other dialects and those which distinguish it from others. The Philadelphia dialect (not being New England, New York, or Southern) is essentially an eastern2 variety of General American, in which final and preconsonantal r is rather generally pronounced, though not with so much emphasis as in upstate New York and the Middle West. In Philadelphia speech one may also observe a general sort of similarity to that of the entire eastern and central sections of Pennsylvania (except the northern counties along the boundary of New York), whereas the speech of the Pittsburgh area is quite different and belongs linguistically to the Middle West.


S INCE the pioneering efforts of Spiller and Frazier in the early part of this century, section of the spinothalamic tract in the spinal cord has become a widely accepted and successful form of therapy for a variety of painful conditions. However, as experience was gained with this procedure, it became apparent that a major deficiency of this operation was its inability to produce consistently high levels of analgesia even if performed in the upper cervical region. A particularly perplexing problem has been the treatment of painful conditions involving the arm and hand, for, in these cases, high cervical cordotomy cannot be supplemented with multiple posterior rhizotomy without the production of an extremity devoid of all sensation, and hence useless. As cordotomy progressed to higher levels, in its historical evolution, and the anatomy of the spinothalamic tract in the medulla was elucidated, 23 the feasibility of medullary spinothalarnic tractotomy became apparent. A considerable impetus in this direction was given by the convincing demonstration of SjSqvist 19 that quintothalamic traetotomy in the medulla could be performed without irreversible damage to vital centers. Thus, in 1941 Schwartz and O'Leary, 16 aware of the relative compactness and superficial location of the spinothalamic tract in the medulla, successfully relieved a patient of intractable pain caused by malignancy by section of this pathway. Although the patient expired on the ~nd postoperative day, there was complete relief of pain with ob-


ical eros but also must protect the philosophical component of eros from its root in the lower desires. This brings us to the Republic, about which Newell argues that thumos can be educated to be both civicspirited and in a way philosophical (p. 103). Newell's analysis of the nature of thumos is one of the highlights of his book, and it would be impossible to do justice to it in a short review. I can mention only the heart of the matter. Socrates separates thumos from the dangerous force of eros and makes it the key part of the soul for the political education of the auxiliary class in the beautiful city (pp. 63, 92). He does this by assuming that thumos can "see," that is, its perception of the difference between friends and enemies is capable of development into civic virtue by the proper education, and this is in a way philosophical (pp. 79f, 147). In this section of the Republic, eros is suppressed; liberated from eros, thumos is made gentler and capable of political rule or civic virtue (pp. 116f, 139). But it returns, as it must, in the discussion of the philosophical nature, and here the problematic status of the relation between eros and thumos springs up with full clarity. To mention only the most important point, thumos, which is marked by "correct opinion," becomes dissatisfied with its subordination to philosophical eros; indeed, the skepticism of the latter toward the former serves to exacerbate the rebelliousness of thumos and thus leads to the overthrow of the city (pp. 144, 157, 169). Throughout the second half of his study, Newell is especially sensitive to the question whether philosophy can be made truly compatible with politics or civic virtue. He is eloquent on the harmful effect of the former on the latter, but at the same time he is hopeful that Socrates' philosophical erotics may be able to reestablish our vision of the unity of the soul (see, in particular, the remark about Glaucon on p. 180, together with p. 94).


The acoustic response of the solutions of trans-bis (1,2-diaminoethane) (amino-carboxylato) halogeno cobalt-III complexes containing the carboxylato-bonded aminoacids e.g glycine, •-alanine and •-alanine in aqueous and aquo-organic solvent systems has been investigated at 303.15, 308.15 and 313.15K. From the measured ultrasonic velocities, acoustic parameters like intermolecular free length, free volume, internal pressure etc. have been determined and interpreted to study the intramolecular and intermolecular interactions and various structural effects of the solvent in the solution.


Abstract Despite a growing body of research on task-based language learning (TBLT) (Samuda & Bygate, 2008; Ellis, 2003), there is still little information available regarding the pedagogical design behind tasks and how they are implemented (Samuda & Bygate, 2008). Scholars in computer-mediated second language (L2) learning have called for research to fill in this gap by reflecting critically on task design and the subsequent implementation process (Fuchs, Hauck & Müller-Hartmann, 2012; Hampel, 2010; Hampel & Hauck, 2006; Hampel & Plaines, 2013; Hauck, 2010), instead of considering a task an "unproblematic fait accompli" (O'Dowd & Ware, 2009: 174). In response to this charge, the present case study provides a critical analysis of tasks carried out in a first-year German language course built around the weekly TV-series, Rosenheim-Cops (ZDF). These tasks drew from research on multimodality (Kress & van Leeuwen, 2001; Norris & Maier, 2014) providing a framework for understanding how multiple semiotic systems work together to create meaning. The insights provided by this study have relevance for research on multimodal task design (Hampel & Hauck, 2006) through examining the possibilities and limitations of beginner second language (L2) learners' effective use of authentic resources. The results suggest that the tasks encouraged semiotic awareness, helped activate referential knowledge useful for accessing multimodal resources, and elicited a positive response to authentic L2 use in context. The challenges of implementing these tasks included variation in learners' engagement with authentic multimedia resources, either due to L2 skills levels or the level of interest in the particular resource used.


Cold smoked trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is a traditional product from the San Daniele del Friuli area (Italy), usually packaged under vacuum, and its shelf life is 60 days. Aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of two different packaging systems (Vacuum packaging-VP and Modified atmosphere packaging-MAP) on the microbial, physico-chemical and sensorial changes of sliced cold smoked rainbow trout during storage. MAP packaged sample showed lower microbial loads than VP packaged sample throughout storage. Microbial count of VP packaged sample exceeded the limit of 6 log CFU/g after 60 days of storage. The total volatile base-nitrogen (TVB-N) values increased over time in both treatments, reaching values close to the limit of 40 mg N/100 g after 45 days. Also TBARS values did not were up to 10 nmol/g in both VP and MAP. The shelf life of 60 days seems to be too long, particularly for the VP samples. A panel composed of 12 nonprofessional assessors perceived significant differences in the sensorial characteristic of the samples, and concluded that the sensorial quality of MAP packaged products were better than the VP ones (P<0.05).


This paper estimates a tri-variate VAR-GARCH(1,1)-in-mean model to examine linkages between the stock markets of three Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs), specifically the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland, and both the UK and Russia. The adopted framework allows to analyse interdependence by estimating volatility spillovers, and also contagion by testing for possible shifts in the transmission of volatility following the introduction of the euro and EU accession. Further evidence on possible changes in the transmission mechanism (namely, on whether there is contagion) can be obtained by examining the conditional correlations implied by the estimated model over different time periods. The empirical findings suggest that there is significant co-movement (interdependence) of these CEEC markets with both the Russian and the UK ones. Furthermore, whilst the introduction of the euro has had mixed effects, EU accession has resulted in an increase in volatility spillovers between the three CEECs considered and the UK (contagion).


ABSTRACT Huge changes have been carried out in the procedures of production, transmission, and use of knowledge beyond traditional means such as printed books, journals, and serials. Enhancements in the area of electronic publications have produced other formats and possibilities of access. These changes require libraries to review their management patterns in order to include these new products. On the other hand, countries must consider information relevance for their planning, management, and development. In Latin America and the Caribbean, these tools are increasingly being purchased, despite financial and social restraints. Consequently, library managers should concentrate on this situation to become prepared to deal appropriately with this challenge.


The influence of radiation-induced segregation of the main components on the stability of M 23 C 6 carbides at grain boundaries in irradiated steels is theoretically investigated. Estimates of the characteristic temperature above which such precipitates can grow, depending on the irradiation conditions and microstructure of steels, are obtained


In order to achieve the effective separation of copper-molybdenum in the presence of xanthate and kerosene, carrageenan was explored as a novel environmentally friendly molybdenite depressant in this work. The flotation behavior of molybdenite was studied by micro-flotation tests, and the depression mechanism was investigated through zeta potential, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and atomic force microscope (AFM) analysis. The flotation results showed that molybdenite was significantly depressed by carrageenan in the pH range of 6–12 even in the presence of xanthate and kerosene. Zeta potential, FTIR and AFM measurement demonstrated that carrageenan could adsorb strongly on the molybdenite surface and change the surface wettability of molybdenite, thus significantly reducing the floatability of molybdenite.


In this paper, we are specially interested in the lamination structure for a polynomial diffeomorphism $f$ of $\mathbb(C)^2$ that are conjugate to a finite decomposition of generalized complex Henon maps on $\mathbb(C)$. We prove that there are true $f$-invariant contracting and expanding measured Riemann surface laminations–injected into the stable and unstable partitions $W^(s/u)$. Leaves of the laminations are conformally isomorphic to the complex plane $\mathbb(C)$. The new ingredients here are the countable collection of the Pesin boxes and a $\sigma$-finite topology, the 'entropy topology' on the transversals, defined by the logarithm of the measures obtained by conditioning the unique ergodic measure of maximal entropy $\mu$.


The electric furnace is a multi-variable nonlinear industrial complex plant. It is very hard to give the exact mathematical model and to confirm parameters. In this paper, the adaptive fuzzy control is applied into the temperature control of the electric furnace to avoid the influence of the inaccuracy of model. In order to improve the limitation of the traditional fuzzy control, the fuzzy algorithm is used to online tune the three parameters of the traditional fuzzy control system. Simulation experiment of the system applying the classic PID, traditional fuzzy control and the adaptive fuzzy control has been done. Simulation results show that system adopted adaptive fuzzy control has shorter settling time, smaller overshoot, faster rise time, good capacity of anti-disturbance and comparatively strong robustness.


Abstract—In this paper, a compact printed monopole antenna for multiband communication application is designed and investigated. The multiband functionality is achieved by the combination of a rectangular radiating element with a pair of symmetrical meandered strip resonators. The proposed antenna works efficiently (> 86%) with an optimally matching (S11 < −10 dB) and adequate gain in the desired frequency bands centered at 4.27GHz, 4.85GHz and 6.45GHz. The prototype of the antenna is fabricated to validate effectiveness of the proposed design. A good agreement between simulated and measured results is observed.


Scratch the surface of a teacher and you will find a person who thinks, acts, reflects, considers, creates problems, solves problems, and circles around again. Regardless of discipline, teachers are engaged in a specific kind of inquiry that both elicits and requires a par ticular kind of knowledge: reflection-in action. Donald Schon, in The Reflective Practitioner (1983), describes how profes sionals "turn thought back on action," thinking about the relationship between what they know and what they do. He writes:


The distribution of the monoamine oxidase (MAO) dependent binding of [14C] serotonin as well as of pre-formed [14C] 5-OH-indole-3-acetaldehyde to synaptic subfractions paralleled the gross distribution of MAO. The binding of [14C] serotonin and MAO activity in brain preparations was inhibited by CNS antidepressants (imipramine) or stimulants (caffeine), by hallucinogens (N,N-dimethyltryptamine), sedatives (chlorpromazine), and other drugs. The protein-lipid nature of the binding macromolecule was determined. The chemical nature of the acceptors was also investigated. Experiments with sodium borohydride indicated the partial formation of imines, those with SH-reactive compounds showed partial involvement of acceptor-SH groups in the binding.


Clinical investigations show that the cervical spine presents wide inter-individual variability, where its motion patterns and load sharing strongly depend on the anatomy. The magnitude and scope of cervical diseases, including disc degeneration, stenosis, and spondylolisthesis, constitute serious health and socioeconomic challenges that continue to increase along with the world"s growing aging population. Although complex exact finite element (FE) modeling is feasible and reliable for biomechanical studies, its clinical application has been limited as it is time-consuming and constrained to the input geometry, typically based on one or few subjects. The objective of this study was twofold: first to develop a validated parametric subject-specific FE model that automatically updates the geometry of the lower cervical spine based on different individuals; and second to investigate the motion patterns and biomechanics associated with typical cervical spine diseases. Six healthy volunteers participated in thi...


IN PATIENTS WITH VARIOUS TYPES OF MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY Pestronk et al.' have reported in Muscle &3 Nerve that the effects of deoxycholic acid on the muscles of rats in vivo can reproduce characteristic features of the muscle pathology seen in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). We have reported that serum deoxycholic acid values in all mothers of patients with congenital type myotonic dystrophy were three times that of the


It is consistent relative to an inaccessible cardinal that ZF+DC holds, the hypergraph of equilateral triangles in Euclidean plane has countable chromatic number, while there is no Vitali set.


Bacillus circulans NRRLB-3312, anonpatho- genic bacterium that produces theaminoglycoside antibiotic butirosin, isknowntocontain anaminoglycoside phospho- transferase that issimilar totheneomycin phosphotransferases ofclinically isolated antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Purified DNAs fromB.circulans andtheplasmid ColEl-ApR weredigested withEcoRIendonuclease andtheresulting fragments cova- lently joined withpolynucleotide ligase. Therecombined DNA wasused totransform E.coli andampicillin-neomycin resistant colonies wereselected. Analysis ofseveral clones indicated that neomycin resistance intheE.coli transformants wasduetothe presence oftheB.circulans phosphotransferase gene. This observation isconsistent withthenotion that antibiotic-modi- fying enzymes fromantibiotic-produ cing organisms maybethe sources ofantibiotic resistance inplasmid-containing bacte- ria. Plasmid-determined antibiotic resistance iswidespread in clinical isolates ofbacteria. Mostdeterminants ofresistance (r-determinants) havenohomology withthechromosomal genes oftheir hosts andWatanabe (1) hassuggested that r- determinants exist "somewhere" innature asareservoir of chromosomal genes andthat, under theappropriate selection pressures, they were"picked-up" bypromiscuous sexfactors and, directly orindirectly, transferred totheir present hosts. Ithasbeendemonstrated (2-8) that manyantibiotic-pro- ducing bacteria contain antibiotic-modifying enzymes that are related tothose that determine antibiotic resistance inplas- mid-containing bacteria. Todate, aminoglycoside O-phos- phorylating andN-acetylating enzymes (2), aminocyclitol O-phosphorylating


Pediatric acute respirator distress syndrome (PARDS) is a common critical disease in children with a high mortality.High frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) has been considered as an ideal ventilation mode for the treatment of PARDS, which has the function of protecting lung, improving oxygenation and reducing pulmonary inflammation.This article reviews the progress and status of HFOV in the application of PARDS.

Key words:
High frequency oscillatory ventilation; Acute respiratory distress syndrome; Children


Necessary and sufficient conditions are given for multidimensional p – stable limit theorems (i.e. theorems on convergence of normalized partial sums of a stationary sequence of random vectors to a non-degenerate strictly p-stable limiting law μ with -regularly varying normalizing sequence ). It is proved that similarly as in the one-dimensional case the conditions for consist of two parts: one responsible for (very weak) mixing properties and another, describing asymptotics of probabilities of large deviations (with a minor additional condition for ). The paper focuses on effective methods of proving such large deviation results


Background: There is no specific recommendation on statin therapy for cardioembolic stroke (CES) patients in current stroke guidelines. We evaluated the effect of statin on major vascular events fo...


The goal of modernization consists of a series of indexes,which have been recognized by international rules.Only by constructing standards meeting international standards and making characteristic indexes of modernization suitable to local places can the gap be found and the goal specified as well.After the study of the basic principles and the contents of the index system of Nantong Modernization,the vectors and methods of helping Nantong realize modernization are put forward in the article.


Molecular biology has made a tremendous impact on the diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases. This review will provide several recent examples. Emphasis will be placed on how molecular biology has influenced the diagnosis of viral hepatitis, autoimmune and metabolic liver diseases. The use of recombinant DNA technology for drug development and the possibility of gene therapy as a treatment modality will then be discussed.


The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) has added a National Prescription Drug Take Back Locator to help consumers find the sites where they can drop off unused prescription drugs.


Civil behavior in a graduate program is a key underpinning that predicts overall success for the participants in the program. Both faculty members and students can be on the giving and receiving end of uncivil behavior. Because faculty members typically have more experience and a more fully developed set of behavioral standards, they tend more often to be the recipients of uncivil behavior. However, when uncivil behavior is demonstrated by a faculty member toward a graduate student, there is more potential for harm to the recipient. Bruce Berger, in his introductory article, refers to incivility as "speech or action that is disrespectful or rude" (1). Although this definition is adequate for the purposes of this article, it should be noted that incivilities that occur in graduate programs are often such that the disrespect or rudeness is subtle and is not always intended. This paper explores why graduate study presents a relatively high risk for incivilities, the kinds of incivilities that occur in graduate study, the effects incivilities have on the parties involved, and strategies for responding to and preventing incivilities in graduate programs.


A method is described for the simple and rapid formation of saturated fatty aldehydes from the corresponding acid chlorides. It is not suitable for the preparation of unsaturated aldehydes because of the partial reduction and positional and geometrical isomerization of the double bond in the chain.


This study aimed to quantify the impact of copepod grazing on the productivity of phytoplankton during an under sea-ice spring phytoplankton bloom (USPB) in western Baffin Bay. To quantify positive and/or negative impacts of copepod grazing on primary production and the interaction between copepod grazing and phytoplankton species, we sampled seawater and zooplankton under the landfast sea ice every 2–3 days between May 24 and July 10, 2016. Samples were analyzed for estimation of primary production, chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentration, diatom abundance, and copepod fecal pellet (FP) production/grazing rate. Analyses of chl-a concentration, primary production, and FP production/grazing rate revealed clear temporal changes and a mismatch between primary production and copepod consumption. The FP production/grazing rate reached a maximum (9.4/31.2 mg C m–2 d–1) on June 16 before the USPB phase and suddenly decreased to 0.7/2.4 mg C m–2 d–1 on June 21, despite an increase in primary production to 74.0 mg C m–2 d–1. The copepod grazing rate (3.7 mg C m–2 d–1) was low relative to primary production (344.6 mg C m–2 d–1) during the USPB phase (after June 20). While our estimates illustrate that copepod grazing did not limit the maximum daily primary production during the USPB, the low grazing pressure (2% of primary production) may have been an additional contributor to the reduction in total primary productivity at the end of the USPB period due primarily to the low supply of regenerated nitrogen-containing nutrients to drive regenerated production.


Field experiment was conducted for three years from 2008–2010 on medium clay soil at Rahuri to find out the effect of drip fertigation on growth, yield, water use and nutrient dynamics for Bt Cotton {Gossypium hirsutum (L.)}. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with eight treatments replicated three times. Pooled data of three years indicated that drip resulted into 21.5 to 23% increase in yield with 53.7% water saving, whereas drip with fertigation resulted into 43 to 66% increase in seed cotton yield with equal amount of water saving as compared to conventional method. The maximum seed cotton yield (4.53 t/ha) was recorded when 125% fertigation was given. However, it was on par with 100% and 75% fertigation treatments. The seed cotton yield (3.91 t/ha) obtained under 75% fertigation was on par with 100% conventional fertilizer applied through soil (3.46 t/ha) indicated 25% fertilizer saving under fertigation. The mobility of nutrients was observed more in drip fertigation than conventional method. N and K moved upto 30 cm, while P moved 15 cm laterally and vertically. The uptake of nutrients was also relatively more in fertigation treatments than rest of the other treatments. Maximum water use efficiency (1.42 t/ha–cm) was obtained in treatment, where 125% water soluble fertilizers were applied through drip. The 75% drip fertigation as per schedule B was found best practice to obtain better yield and improve nutrient and water use of Bt. cotton.


This paper is focused on understanding "risk-based thinking" and "context of the organization" in the process approach according to the requirements of the updated norm, ISO 9001: 2015 Quality Management Systems – Requirements. These new trends should increase the effectivity of the quality management system, should improve company results, and should prevent negative effects of processes. This article explains how to understand the context of the organization in order to make correct strategic decisions. The author describes the integration procedure of risk-based thinking into several organizations in the Czech Republic. This article can support organizations in the implementation of the best practice of new requirements of ISO 9001: 2015. This paper is focused on several production organisations from the different industrial area in the Czech Republic. This research is based on the up to date research data of world ́s databases. The author used the qualitative method in the form a structured interview.


Adult image detection plays an important role in Internet pornographic information detection and filtering. By analyzing the shortcomings of existing pornographic image detection algorithms depending only on image content or keywords of text, a new adult image detection algorithm fusing image semantic features and image-correspondent text information is proposed. Based on Bag-of-Visual-Words model, image visual features such as texture and local shape are coalesced with text information extracted from image file name, file header or webpage. Then the SVM classifier is applied to accomplish the image classification. The detection performance of proposed algorithm is validated by experiments on a variety of images with normal and pornographic content.


Testing has always been an indispensable part of software development. With the increasing amount of testing, the volume of data and information generated from testing grows substantially. The question arises on how to take advantage of the testing data, besides traditional coverage and debugging. In this paper, we propose an approach of using test trace data of a software application to its run-time user categorization. It collects test execution trace of programs studied by the software tool, and derives internal metrics of different categories from the trace information. During run time, we look at the user's artifacts as well as the user's behavior to categorize them into predetermined groups and serve them accordingly. Our work in-progress is to apply this method to a software product line, PolyFlow, including a web service that generates, runs, and analyzes test cases of programs under study. One benefit of our method is that it does not require storage of user profiles.


This paper describes the design implementation of a Quadrotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) with the capability of exploring indoor locations without the assistance of external aids. For relative position, the use of a laser range sensor, an optical flow sensor, and sonar sensor combined allows for the vehicle to generate mapping information. With relative position in mind, the vehicle uses vision algorithms to recognize immediate obstacles, sign, and entry ways to allow for quick movement responses and object recognition. A proportional-integral-differentiator controller allows for flight stability and mitigation in the tight confines of the indoor spaces. A mapping algorithm allows for the quick evacuation of the location without interacting with previously detected obstacles and walls. This vehicle is designed and intended for Old Dominion University's Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Team's entry for the 2013 International Aerial Robotics Competition.


Abstract Although service-learning has been successfully utilized for some time, rarely are the difficulties that can be encountered addressed. This article provides a discussion of the problems associated with this praxis and provides possible solutions to the problems. Introduction I have stood before students, faculty and community agencies espousing the amazing outcomes of service-learning. I use service-learning in every class I teach. I wrote my dissertation on the effects of service-learning but I believe that it is imperative that we pay close attention to the unwanted outcomes of service-learning. In order to effectively maintain the use of this teaching tool and to keep it flesh and productive, it is crucial for us to consider the "dark side" of the pedagogy and be alert to situations that might create a negative experience for any involved. Everywhere we look we laud the outcomes of service-learning. At conferences, in journal articles, essays, and in the classroom we hear about these wonderful student and community experiences--but rarely do we mention the downside. This is not to say that service-learning does not have wonderful benefits, but when we utilize a praxis of learning as much as we tout service-learning, we need to be reminded occasionally that it is not always a success and can create a regretful experience for all the participants. To examine this subject closer, I will look at three stakeholders--the faculty, the students and the community partners who can be affected by a negative service-learning experience; and will offer some suggestions for avoiding difficulties in the future. Community partners in service-learning Although the community should be the focus of our service-learning projects, they often become an afterthought in the decision-making process. Whether the student or the faculty selects the service project, the desire and need should originate from the community partner. Since the dawn of community-based learning we have heard the saying "do no harm" (Jacoby, 1996). Even the seminal literature defines service-learning as "a form of experiential education in which students engage in activities that address human and community needs together with structured opportunities intentionally designed to promote student learning and development"(Jacoby, et al.p.5). Community partners can be easily left with a feeling of being used. Take for instance the examples of service with a tutor, a nonprofit office or even a project-based experience. It is very simple for students to finish the assigned work, collect their grades and move on. Faculty often forget to nurture the relationship with the partner until they need them again. It is crucial to prepare both the partner and the student for both the length of time they will spend with the partner, as well as attempting to continue the relationship and avoid severing it whenever possible. Many community partners, especially those at agencies, surrender an entire project to students with no real guarantee that the work promised will be completed. This not only affects the partner's livelihood, but also presents the possibility of creating community problems instead of support or assistance. Finally, the partner may encounter a student or group of students who fail to complete their responsibilities or have conflict with a community representative. In addition, the community partner is rarely asked about their overall experience or satisfaction. Student partners in service-learning The students enter service-learning experiences with many expectations--many of those are fear. Fear of too much work, fear of people they are not used to associating with and the biggest of fears--the unknown. Today's students, may have encountered service during the K-12 process, but many are accustomed to the basic lecture and test style class. Turning them loose on an experiential assignment that is filled with ambiguity strikes fear in the highest degree. …


Intussusception in adults is rarer than children and treatment in most cases in adults is surgical. Multiple Intussusceptions in our case with subacute intestinal obstruction and presence of abdominal lymphadenopathy with diffuse bowel wall thickening warrants non-surgical treatment. Presence of multiple intussusceptions is rare findings. We present a case of female aged 35 years presented with palpable abdominal lump associated with loss of weight and appetite. CECT abdomen showed abdominal lymphadenopathy and multisegmental small bowel thickening maximum upto 1.5 cm. Some segments of bowel also show aneurysmal dilatation associated with asymmetrical mural thickening. Telescoping of proximal bowel segment into adjacent distal bowel is seen in at least two places in ascending colon region (colocolic intussusceptions) and another in ileal loops (ileo-ileal). FNAC from the lymph nodes revealed non hodgkins lymphoma.


A new species of the jumping spider genus Lagnus L. Koch, 1879: L. monteithorum from Viti Levu Is. is described, diagnosed and illustrated.


Objective To study the clinical efficacy of DX chemotherapy and Bruceolic Oil Emulsion for advanced gastric cancer.Methods A total of 78 patients with advanced gastric cancer were divided into two groups randomly.The 40 patients in the treatment group were treated with DX chemotherapy and Bruceolic Oil Emulsion while the 38 patients in control group were treated with DX chemotherapy only.The chemotherapy last for 2 cycles with 3 weeks as a cycle.Results The effective rates in treatment group and control group were 65% and 39.5% respectively.There was significant difference between the two groups(P0.05).The major side effects of the two groups were bone marrow depression and diarrhea.Incidence of bone marrow suppression in treatment group was 37.5% while that in control group was 73.7%.There was significant difference between the two groups(P0.05).Incidence of diarrhea in treatment group was significantly lower than that in control group(P0.05).Conclusion It is an effective way to treat advanced gastric cancer with DX chemotherapy and Bruceolic Oil Emulsion,which benefits the patients by improving their life quality,protecting immune functions and reducing side effects after chemotherapy.


The importance of effective crisis management has never been greater (Argenti, 2002; Day et al., 2004). Unfortunately, current research, replete with speculative prescriptions offered without the benefit of empirical evidence (Pearson and Clair, 1998; Sheaffer and Mano-Negrin, 2003), offers limited direction to the executive. To aid in filling this gap, this study offers an exploratory analysis of the decision-making processes evident during crisis response. The purpose is to answer Pearson and Clair's (1998) call for empirical study of the decision processes used by crisis management teams, particularly in comparison to the conditions of normal operation. An organizational crisis is "a low-probability, high-impact event that threatens the viability of the organization and is characterized by ambiguity of cause, effect, and means of resolution, as well as by a belief that decisions must be made swiftly" (Pearson and Clair, 1998: 60). Fink (1986) categorizes crisis management into five interdependent stages: mitigation, planning, warning, response, and recovery. Although all stages are important, this study specifically addresses the unique decision-making environment of the response phase. The response phase begins when a crisis is triggered, at which point damage can only be minimized not avoided; it ends when the immediate danger has passed, and the organization can move on to other issues. The goal of this manuscript is to present the findings from an exploratory empirical study of the decision processes employed during crisis response. To meet this goal, the manuscript first presents related research, focusing on existing models of organizational decision making and crisis decision making. The methodology used in the current study is then detailed, including how studied crises were selected, the interview process, and the coding technique. The study's results follow, presented in the form of researchable hypotheses generated from the exploratory study. The manuscript concludes with a discussion of impacts and future research. MODELS OF ORGANIZATIONAL DECISION MAKING Crisis response decision making is subsumed by the broader field of organizational decision making. An overview of key related insights from this literature is thus a pre-requisite to any crisis decision analysis. This overview is not intended to provide a comprehensive review of this extensive body of literature. The reader is directed to other works, such as those by Halpern and Stern (1998) and Shapira (2002) for such a review. Early research posed the decision maker as a rational actor executing a series of sequential analytical processes and choosing among competing alternatives to maximize utility (Ackoff, 1981; Huff and Reger, 1987). Subsequent work (e.g., Beach and Connolly, 2004; Kurtz and Sowden, 2003; Brockman and Simmonds, 1997) has moderated this normative, rational view. Nutt concluded that "nothing remotely resembling the normative methods described in the literature was carried out. Not even hybrid variations were observed" (1984: 446). Researchers posit that environmental (Romanelli and Tushman, 1986), organizational (Bourgeois, 1984), situational (Tversky and Kahneman, 1981), group dynamics (Schulz-Hardt et al., 2000), and individual (Duhaime and Schwenk, 1985) limitations combine to weaken the force of the normative, rational model (Hitt and Tyler, 1991). Phase theories of organizational decision making typically strive to explain the routines undertaken and the sequences, frequencies, and iterations with which they occur (Eisenhardt and Zbaracki, 1992; Langley, 1990). Process studies of managerial decisions have found that decision making progresses in stages or phases that include problem recognition, diagnosis, direction setting, alternative finding, alternative evaluation, and choice implementation (Mintzberg et al., 1976; Nutt, 1993, 2000). In contrast to normative models, descriptive process models of organizational decision making recognize that some phases may be skipped, others occur sequentially or in parallel, and yet others involve iteration or looping (Eisenhardt and Zbaracki, 1992; Cowan, 1986). …


We demonstrate that an ultimately sensitive chiroptical measurement at single femtosecond pulse level can be achieved using heterodyne-detection techniques. These methods will be of use to observe molecular chirality changes in ultrafast time domain.


In the GDR more than two-thirds of the total output of primary energy is based on lignite extracted exclusively by strip-mining. Mining results in significant environmental and resource use conflicts between different users in such regions. This paper describes the concept of a study on the analysis of Regional Water Policies in Open-Cast Mining Areas in collaboration with institutes in the GDR. The study is directed at the development and implementation of methods and models for analyzing the use of water resources and environmental problems in open-cast mining areas.

The study is one of a network of national studies concerned with environmental and resource policies carried out in several National Member Organization (NMO) countries within the IIASA Program "Institutions and Environmental Policies." Based on the problem definition the research topics are characterized, a few methodological approaches outlined and the working plan presented.


Nowadays, the user interfaces for most system involves graphics. Notes Graphics User Interface Gallery (NGG) is a toolkit developed to support interactive user interface design for the applications of Lotus Notes. This toolkit is used in Lotus Notes application to assist the programmers to design interfaces or menus for their application. The development of NGG proves that it is more attractive to apply graphics on user interface. Before developing NGG, researches about all the features for user interface in Lotus Notes was done. Notes GUl Gallery consists of two components, where the first component is a library of graphics, such as lines, buttons, icons and pictures. These graphics can be copied and pasted into Lotus Notes design elements such as Navigators, Layout Regions and Forms. Another component of NGG is a collection of templates for navigators and forms. The objective of this project is to assist developers to build applications in a faster and easier way so that they can focus on the system design and development
tasks. NGG was developed using Lotus Notes Release 4.6 software to create and store database of templates and graphics. The graphics section of this toolkit can be used for other applications rather than Lotus Notes. It is believed that toolkit of this nature will gradually become essential to everyone in the future.


The original article Evaluation of vibration levels improves the efficiency of modern tracklaying tractors ( Journal of Agricultural Engineering 2012; XLIII:e7 DOI: 10.4081/jae.2012.e7 ) by Pessina D, Facchinetti D, Bonalume V, was published with an incorrect title due to a production error. The correct title is: Evaluation of the efficiency of systems to reduce vibration on modern tracklaying tractors . The Journal of Agricultural Engineering sincerely apologizes to the authors and the readers for this mistake. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Production Office DOI: 10.4081/jae.2012.e14


Polygoni Vivipari Rhizoma (PVR), the dried root of Polygonum viviparum, has been used as herbal medicine in China for a long time. In the present study, a new method based on multi-step matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD), ultrafiltration and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for screening alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (AGIs) from PVR was proposed. First, three different PVR extractions were prepared by multi-step MSPD with 15% methanol, 60% methanol and 100% methanol. Second, the alpha-glucosidase inhibition tests for the three extracts were carried out, and the 60% methanol extraction showed the best activity. Then, the AGIs screening experiment was performed with ultrafiltration and HPLC analysis using the 60% methanol extraction. Seven binding components (quercetin−3−O−vicianoside, quercetin 3−O−neohesperidoside, rutin, hyperoside, quercetin 3−O−glucuronide, luteolin−7−O−neohesperidoside, kaempferol 3−glucuronide) were found. These seven components were further validated as the AGIs by molecular docking analysis. The developed method was a rapid and efficient tool for screening AGIs from PVR, which provided scientific data for the bioactive components study of PVR.


P sycholo gy D epar tme nt, U iv rsity of E sex , U ited Ki domA bstract In OD oes the B asic C olor Term s discussion su!er " om the Stimu lus E rror?O R olf K ueh ni desc ribes a resear ch stum bling blo ck know n as the Ostim ulus error,O and hints at the di! cu lties it causes for m ainstream color nam ing resear ch (K ueh ni, " is Issue). A m on g the issues intrinsic to K ueh niOs Ostim ulus errorO description is the im portant question of w hat can generally be inferred from color nam ing behaviors ba sed on bounde d sam ples of em pirical stim uli. H ere w e exam ine some speci#cs of the color nam ing resear ch issues that K ueh ni raises. Wh ile w e share K ueh niOs view regarding potential problem s caused by the Ostim ulus errorO and his concern regarding its prevalence, K ueh-niOs com m entary seem s prim arily aim ed at stim ulating a general discussion of color nam ing research im plications, because the articles he critiques do not actually com m it the Ostim ulus errorO in any seriou s sense. Ba sed on K ueh niOs com m ents, w e furthe r exam ine some of the relevant em pirical and theoretical im plications for cross-cultural color nam ing research. K eyw ords individu al di$ erences, u nique h ues, stim ulus error


With the gradual saturation of consume market of automobile,more and more auto manufacture corporations begin to take a part of Chinese market and raise the upsurge of joint venture in auto industry.Every province in China starts to build auto industry because of high profits and relations of auto industry.More auto cities are like bamboo shoots after spring rain throughout the China.the author analyzes the common characteristic of the four major auto-city in the world and thinks that the construction of auto-city in China is too excessive at present and there is quite distance of the aim to auto-city in the world.


The care of people with dementia is often prolonged and costly, creating a large health, social and financial burden. In addition, multimorbidity is highly prevalent in people with dementia, including chronic conditions such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular‐ and cerebrovascular diseases (CVD), and brings the challenge of medication management, which is especially challenging in people with dementia due to cognitive impairment and a potential increase of negative outcomes, such as adverse drug events, hospitalization and mortality. Statins, inhibitors of the HMG‐CoA reductase enzyme, are lipid lowering medications that are beneficial for prevention of cardio‐ and cerebrovascular (CV) events and are recommended for primary and secondary prevention in people with = or > 10% mortality risk due to CVD over a 10‐year period. However, data is mixed for primary prevention in people aged 65 years and older, and there is currently limited information on the efficacy and safety of statin use in the older population. One recent meta‐analysis reported that participants on statins showed an overall reduction of CV events by 21% across all age groups; however, the effect became smaller with increasing age; for example, in patients aged >75 years, this effect was reduced to 13%. As dementia is associated with increased mortality, questions arise whether statin use should continue in people with dementia, especially in advanced stages, when life expectancy is <10 years to obtain the desired risk reduction benefits with regard to CV events. The aim of the present study is to review current international guideline recommendations with regard to statin use and primary prevention of CV events for people with dementia. First, a literature search in MEDLINE and Google Scholar was conducted using the terms "cardiovascular disease" AND "prevention" OR "stroke" AND "prevention" OR "dyslipidemia" OR "diabetes" OR "dementia". These terms were chosen according to risk factors indicating the initiation of statin therapy such as dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus and CVD for primary or secondary prevention. Search criteria included clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) in English and German language published from 2011 to 2021. Within the search in German, we added the term "S3 Leitlinie". In addition, we consulted practicing experts to ensure the inclusion of all currently relevant CPGs. We screened major clinical guidelines for cardiology, neurology, endocrinology, preventative, and care excellence guidelines from United States, United Kingdom, Germany and the World Health Organization (WHO) for specific recommendations on statin use with regard to prevention of CV events in people with dementia. A total of 14 guidelines were identified and reviewed. Each guideline was screened using 'statin' OR 'dementia' as search terms. Findings were documented in a database. Results are presented in Table 1. As indicated in Table 1, 6 of the 14 guidelines included some information on the overall use of statins in people with dementia as well as on potential effects of statins on cognitive function and dementia risk. However, in none of the screened guidelines, a specific recommendation regarding statins and prevention of CV events among people with dementia nor regarding statins and potential side effects among people with dementia can be found. The WHO guideline highlights the potential role of dyslipidemia management at mid‐life in reducing dementia risk while advising against statin therapy solely for dementia prevention. Five of these guidelines emphasize the need for more evidence on the association between statin use and cognition. To sum up, statins play a key role in the care of older people. However, benefits and risks of statin use with regard to prevention of CV events for people with dementia remain unclear. Present results show that evidence‐based guidelines do not provide sufficient information nor recommendations on the use of statins and CV events in people with dementia for clinicians caring for this population. Furthermore, a recent review by Davis et al. found no study evaluating efficacy of statins in people with dementia and only few studies evaluating potential adverse events. Therefore, future research is urgently needed to better understand the benefits and risks of statins regarding the prevention of CV events in people with dementia. Our research group aims to close exactly this research gap by conducting a study based on German health insurance data, with the main goal to examine potential health benefits and risks of statins with regard to CV events in nursing home residents with and without dementia.


Modern communication networks have been becoming more and more large-scaled and complicated due to rapid development and interconnection among heterogeneous communication networks. Therefore, the management and maintenance of modern communication networks have posed many grand challenges to both industrial and academic communication communities. To overcome these challenges, it is very necessary to find new levels of autonomy and intelligence in designing, deploying, managing, and maintaining communication networks. Embedded software and systems are closely related to our daily life, which reside from smart appliances to unmanned trains. The present paper deals with the Protection of data


Tasmanian Merinos and Polwarths were mated in each of 2 years to produce 2 drops of Merino, Polwarth, and F1 reciprocal cross progeny. Polwarths had weaning weights similar to Merinos but were 14% heavier as hoggets. Polwarths grew a similar amount of wool of 11% greater (P<0.001) fibre diameter; however, wool production was 9% less efficient based on metabolic weight. Polwarths displayed an advantage in resistance to footrot. There was a marked Polwarth maternal effect of about 16% on weaning weight but no elfect on hogget weight. The Polwarth maternal effect on fleece weight and efficiency was 9% (P<0.001). In a comparison with a single-born male, ewes weighed 5% less at weaning and 7% less at hogget shearing and produced about 6% less wool (P<0.001), although of comparable fibre diameter. Twins weighed 17% less at weaning, but only 3% less at hogget shearing (P<0.001). They grew about 5% less wool, which was of 2% greater fibre diameter (P<0.001) and 5% higher wool score, but efficiency was 2.5% lower. Production was generally lower (except for yield and wool score) in the 1988 drop than the 1987 drop by 3-10%. Differences in productivity between ram sources were of only slightly lesser magnitude than differences between breeds. The number of feet affected by footrot was reduced by 17% in the 1988 drop. Severe footrot affecting more than 1 foot reduced liveweight but did not significantly reduce fleece weight. There appeared to be some heterosis for weaning weight (10%) and hogget weight (6%), but little heterosis in wool growth (2-3%) or efficiency (-2%).


Objective: Identify the frequency of use of non-medicated amphetamines and other substances to improve academic performance in students of the University of Manizales (Manizales, Colombia). Materials and methods: A cross sectional study was realized. The population was of 3616 students of all the faculties of the University of Manizales, with a representative sample of 309 students. An anonymous sur5vey was made in order to collect information which allowed to identify the consumption of amphetamines and other substances and factors related. Results: The average age was 20,46 years old, middle class. The most numerous samples were of the Medicine faculty (17.5 %) and Laws (16.8 %). 32,8 % informed consuming drugs like, marijuana (68,9 %), popper (26,9 %) and ecstasy (22,6 %). 14,6 % consumed amphetamines to improve academic performance, other substances are marijuana and cocaine which are associated with the period of university exams. These amphetamine consumption was faculty (42,3% Medicine, 16,7% economy) and semester (9° semester 44%, 5° semester 24,1%) dependent. 71% of the amphetamines consumers said to obtain good results. The alcohol and general drugs consumptions were associated factors to amphetamine consumption to improve academic performance. Conclusions: The consumption of amphetamines in this university is alarming, particularly in the Medicine and Economy faculties. To prevent the abuse and consumption of such substances, for improve academic performance, an integral intervention is necessary which contemplates either personal aspects of the student as much as of the institution.


A mortar is a material resulting of the intimate mixture of sand grains, a binder (lime, cement, etc.) and water. The properties and characteristic of the mortars mainly depend on the nature of the binder component. That is the reason for which, its evolution with time has been very related to the development of artificial cementitious materials. So, with the consolidation of the Roman civilization the use of lime mortars was generalized and extended. Since the XVIIIth century, hydraulic binders begun to partially replace the lime. These new materials hardened more quickly and developed higher mechanical strengths. In the XIXth century, the invention of portland cement revolutionized the world of building materials, completely displacing the use of lime in all type of civil and military constructions.


August Krogh, the son of a Danish brewer, won the Nobel Prize in 1920 for his discovery of how capillaries open and close in response to oxygen demand by body tissues. He and his wife, Marie, a physician, worked together, and this biography of two remarkable people beautifully illustrates the intertwining of their personal and professional lives. It is a book full of human and scientific understanding, written by their daughter who is also a physiologist of stature herself.


"above and below" approach, a robotic assisted retropubic approach allowed the best access. METHODS: A 38 yo female presented with fever and a 6 month history of LUTS, post void dribbling, and recurrent UTIs. CT scan then MRI revealed a 2.5 x 1.6 cm crescenteric left dorsal urethral diverticulum at the proximal urethra with stone formation, cephalad to the pubic bone, with an elevated bladder neck. Urodynamics demonstrated bladder outlet obstruction. The patient was formally consented for the robotic approach including consent for video. Incisions were made lateral to the medial umbilical ligaments and the bladder was dropped from the anterior abdominal wall. The space of Retzius was developed. A combination of sharp and blunt dissection were used to mobilize the diverticulum circumferentially. Digital vaginal manipulation and movement of the foley balloon further defined the planes. The os was encountered in the left ventral aspect of the urethra as was consistent with cystoscopy. The urethra was repaired using a running 3-0 Vicryl suture. The suture line was watertight on testing with methylene blue. A SPTube was placed using laparoscopic guidance. The omentum was secured to the pubic peri-ostium and anterior bladder neck. RESULTS: Operative time was 3:27 h and estimated blood loss 50 cc. Surgical finding includes a left lateral ventral ostium with the diverticulum wrapping dorsally, proximal to the pelvic diaphragm and endopelvic fascia. Post-op voiding cystourethrogram showed good healing without extravasation. The patient is currently dry 6 months post op with complete resolution of symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Robotic approach to urethral diverticulectomy is feasible for proximal dorsal diverticuli cephalad to the pubic symphysis. This method could be considered as an adjunct for other complex urethral diverticuli with a proximal dorsal component.


Dear Editor, Clinical trials on the safety of the inactivated SARSCoV-2 virus vaccines have not allowed the participation of pregnant and lactating women, as well as those who wish to become pregnant within 3 months of vaccination (Palacios et al., 2020). This "protection by exclusion" is common in therapeutic and vaccine development trials (Costantine et al., 2020). This has meant that the results of the studies cannot be automatically extrapolated to these populations, leading to a knowledge gap on the safety and immunogenicity of COVID19 vaccines during pregnancy and lactation. (Dashraath et al., 2020). To this must be added that the experience of SARSCoV-2 in pregnant and lactating women is limited (Lai et al., 2020). Inactivated vaccines are not significantly excreted in human milk and have not been reported to cause adverse effects to infants through breastfeeding. (Anderson, 2019) It is known that nanoparticles from currently available COVID-19 vaccines that could pass into breastmilk and be ingested by the infant during lactation sessions would be destroyed in the infant's gastrointestinal tract and not be absorbed (Drugs and Lactation Database, 2020). This is one of the main reasons why the administration of these vaccines is limited to the parenteral route (Le et al., 2020). In addition to this, none contain preservatives or adjuvants that could be a cause of alarm or danger (Drugs and Lactation Database, 2020). All of this has resulted in leading professional organizations recommending that COVID-19 vaccines can be administered to nursing mothers, as the potential benefits of maternal vaccination while breastfeeding outweigh any theoretical risks (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, 2020; Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, 2021). However, these recommendations indicate that health professionals make shared decisions with mothers based on community risk and women's own risk factors (Rimmer, 2021; Stuebe, 2021). Among the first recipients of the vaccine have been health professionals and caregivers who are breastfeeding their children. Some of them, despite being health professionals, have reported concern, and have felt personal and professional conflict about whether to administer it or not (Hare & Womersley, 2021; Modi et al., 2021). Discussions about the risks and benefits of vaccination with coworkers have reached health centers and hospitals. It is a difficult debate for which it is urgent to be prepared and thus able to give a convincing answer. Just saying that the leading professional organizations and associations recommend it does not seem to be enough to convince mothers. We cannot wash our hands, because the vaccination of nursing mothers who are not health professionals will soon begin and they must trust us, our message, and the vaccine. We cannot allow COVID-19 to threaten our already low breastfeeding rates. We cannot allow mothers to stop breastfeeding because they do not receive adequate information about the vaccine. Ultimately, we cannot allow breastfeeding mothers to face the decision to breastfeed or vaccinate alone.


Particles with negative energies are considered for three different cases: inside of horizon of nonrotating Schwarzschild black hole, Milne's coordinates in flat Minkowski space-time (Milne's universe using nonsynchronous coordinates) and in cosmological G¨odel model of the rotating universe. It is shown that dif-ferently from the G¨odel model with nondiagonal term where it occurs that negative energies are impossible they are present in all other cases considered in the paper. Particles with zero energy are also possible in first two cases.


According to powerful compression and expression ability for high-dimensional image of wavelet multi-scale transformation,a feature extraction and recognition technology of intersected human face based on wavelet transform and KPCA(kernel principal component analysis) is proposed in this paper.With this method,the image of human faces are firstly divided into small different pieces which then being transformed with wavelet transformation algorithm.Secondly according to the positions of intersected small images coefficients of different frequency are chosen as extracted warelet features.Thirdly with KPCA the principal components of these features and then by combining these the ultiwate discriminate features are obtained.Finally the features are classified with the classifier of SVM(support vector machine).The experimental results on ORL and Yale face database show that the proposed method is superior to traditional PCA methods and KPCA methods with wavelet transformation,and it is also fairly robust to the variety of different illumination condition,face pose and expression.


The $TH\epsilon\mu$ formalism was developed to study nonmetric theories of gravitation. In this letter we show that theories that violate Local Lorentz Invariance (LLI) or Local Position Invariance (LPI) also violate charge conservation. Using upper bounds on this violation we can put very stringent limits to violations of Einstein Equivalence Principle (EEP). These limits, in turn, severely restrict string-based models of low energy physics.


This study aims to investigate whether personal costs, seriousness level of fraud and organizational commitment play a role in influencing whistleblowing intentions. It is also intended to prove whether organizational commitment has a mediating effect on the relationship among personal costs, seriousness level, and whistleblowing intentions. The research subjects comprise of civil servants or contract employees of Government Institutions of Regencies/Cities in Aceh Province, Indonesia. The hypotheses were tested on 103 respondents who were selected using convenience sampling method. The data were collected using survey questionnaires sent via online using Google Form from May to July 2017. The data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). The results of this study showed that personal costs and seriousness level of fraud influenced whistleblowing intentions. Nevertheless, it appeared that organizational commitment did not influence whistleblowing intentions. This study also proved that organizational commitment did not have a mediating effect on the relationship among personal costs and level of seriousness and whistleblowing intentions.


A 39-year-old normotensive lady with Ebstein anomaly was admitted with palpitations and chest discomfort. Her ECG demonstrated a narrow complex tachycardia, left axis deviation and T-wave inversion in I, avL and V5-6 (panel A). She received oral β blockers and reverted to sinus rhythm. Subsequent serial ECGs demonstrated a global change of …


Television white spaces (TVWS) refers to vacant channels in the ultra-high frequency (UHF) band between 470 MHz and 698 MHz assigned for television broadcast and can be used opportunistically by secondary users (SUs). Research has shown that when the spectrum allocation is managed appropriately, SUs can co-exist on the same radio frequency (RF) spectrum band with licensed networks. This paper introduces the Botswana TVWS trial network, which provides point-to-point Internet connectivity to 6 rural healthcare facilities. A set of 24 hour RF monitoring results of the TVWS trial network over a one year period are presented which shows the behaviour of white space devices with respect to incumbent TV band services. The network performance results with respect to average throughput and latency are presented. The performance results show good throughput for each site, which is in the magnitude of 0 to 4 Mbps and average latency of less than 10 ms for typical packet sizes ranging from 32 to 1500 bytes.


The objective of this work is to describe the tunnel electron current in single barrier magnetic tunnel junctions within a new approach that goes beyond the single-band transport model. We propose a ballistic multi-channel electron transport model that can explain the influence of in-plane lattice strain on the tunnel magnetoresistance as well as the asymmetric voltage behavior. We consider as an example single crystal magnetic Fe(110) electrodes for Fe/Insulator/Fe and Fe/Insulator/La$_{0.67}$Sr$_{0.33}$MnO$_{3}$ tunnel junctions, where the electronic band structures of Fe and La$_{0.67}$Sr$_{0.33}$MnO$_{3}$ are derived by \it{ab-initio} calculations.


Objective To investigate the effect of pitfall MRA reconstruction imaging without intraluminal thrombus on endovascular exclusion for abdominal aortic aneurysm. Methods Comparing the MRA reconstruction imaging with the MRA cross-section imaging, all of 22 patients underwent endovascular exclusion from Jan 2002 to Oct 2002 were included. Results Intraluminal thrombus passessed the merit of clinical treatment, otherwise would mislead the evaluation of the procedure. Conclusions It is important to use MRA reconstruction imaging evaluating abdominal aortic aneurysm combining MRA cross-section imaging.


Observations are presented for four recently formed stars in the vicinity of the Gum nebula which are heavily obscured by surrounding dust and are associated with small reflection nebulae. HH46 is the only currently active star of the sample, and it is found to have a spectral type in the range of late G-early K, with superimposed emission lines of H-alpha, Ca II, Fe I, Fe II, and weak He I at near zero velocities. It is suggested that the observed scenario of low-mass stars in an older massive star environment may be analogous to the circumstances surrounding the birth of the sun.


The paper presents the system of qualitative and quantitative indicators to assess economic security. All the figures have their own characteristics and peculiarities of the impact on the overall economic security. In addition, each component has specific criteria that must be known and applied in the evaluation of economic security.


In detection-based, bottom-up speech recognition procedures, the segmental features like phonological feature based speech attributes act as one of the key component for the recognition model. In this study, place and manner of articulation based phonological features have been detected and they are integrated with the supra-segmental parameters of speech to develop the Auotmatic Speech Recognition (ASR) system for various under-resourced languages. For detection purpose a bank of phonological feature detector has been designed. Deep Neural Network (DNN) based attribute detector performed well to detect the phonological features. This paper also reports a comparative distribution of the (DNN) based attribute detector and the same using multi layer Perceptron (MLP). For continuous spoken speech, the Bengali CDAC speech corpus has been used. The deep neural based attribute detector achieved an average frame level accuracy of 88.26% is achieved whereas the same for MLP based detector is measured as 86.18%.


The coupling characteristic of rectangular dielectric waveguides which lay in different, parallel layers and one waveguide crossed over the other one are studied. Step-like approximation and the variational method are used for calculating the coupling coefficient which varies with axial distance z . Electromagnetic field expression for the dielectric waveguide mode of rectangular cross section is newly introduced and used. Calculated coupling characteristics are compared with experimental results carried on 50 GHz band. The principle of crossed waveguides leads us to the new design concept of "multilayered integrated circuit."


The purposes of this research were to study the outcome of newborn hearing screening services at Ramathibodi Hospital. The retrospective research was applied. The population of this research consisted of newborns who were born during July 1, 2012 to June 30, 2013 with follow up until 3 months of age. Data were analyzed by using descriptive Statistics. The results of the research were as follows: 99.1% of all live births were screened. 5% of these live birth did not pass (refer rate) the screening. 89.1% of the babies which did not pass the screening to follow up at the first visit in 1 month of age. 80.2% of those babies who did not pass the screening were evaluated for hearing diagnosis before 3 month of age. These results could be used as baseline information in order to develop newborn hearing screening services to develop more effective implementation and policy program for hearing program.


This paper deals with a spectral-domain moment-method formulation that was specifically developed to analyse and design wideband patch antenna arrays employing a new variation on the capacitive probe-fed patch antenna element. The capacitive probe-fed patch antenna elements each consist of a rectangular resonant-sized patch on a thick multilayered substrate that is excited by a small probe-fed disk that is positioned right next to it. Entire-domain basis functions are used as far possible in the momentmethod formulation in order to handle realistic array sizes on a personal computer. It is also shown that the results that can be obtained agree very well with actual measurements. INTRODUCTION One way to realize a wideband probe-fed patch antenna is to position the radiating patch on a thick low-loss substrate and to excite it with a small probe-fed disk that is positioned some distance below the radiating patch [1]. The small disk adds a capacitive component to the input impedance that effectively cancels out the inductive component that is normally associated with a long probe. In a large antenna array, however, such a stacked configuration can increase the cost significantly as the small disk has to be manufactured on a separate layer. A new approach has recently been proposed by the authors where the small disk is placed next to the radiating patch and on the same layer [2]. By adjusting the size of the small disk and the gap between itself and the radiating patch, the input impedance can be matched precisely. The advantage of this configuration is that all the parts of the antenna reside on a single layer and would therefore reduce the manufacturing costs. A little bit of cross-polarisation is added to the antenna element, but as will be shown in this paper, it can be reduced substantially by using proper array geometries. Due to the complexity of the structure, full-wave analysis techniques are normally required for a rigorous analysis of its radiating characteristics. The moment-method technique has been proved to be the most popular for multilayered patch antennas and can be used with a variety of basis functions. Most commercial codes employ subdomain basis functions in order to cater for arbitrary geometries, but the computational cost, especially in terms of computer memory, increases rapidly when analysing full-sized arrays. Another option is to use entire-domain basis functions as far as possible, albeit somewhat limited to a specific geometry. The advantage of entire-domain basis functions is that relatively large arrays can be analysed without relying on extreme computational resources. The spectral-domain form of the moment method is well suited to entire-domain basis functions and multilayered substrates, and as such, have been used to develop a formulation that can analyse finite arrays, consisting of the new capacitive probe-fed patch, quite effectively. The following two sections will describe the general formulation and also show some results for a typical application. THEORETICAL FORMULATION As shown in Fig. 1, the general antenna geometry consists of a grounded multilayered substrate with several rectangular radiating patches as well as some small probe-fed disks on the top layer. It is assumed that the patches, disks, probes and ground plane are all perfectly conducting and that the multilayered substrate is isotropic and possibly lossy. For arrays, a feed network will usually be situated below the ground plane. The analysis is based on a Green's function/moment-method approach where the electric field integral equation, representing the boundary condition that the total tangential electric field must vanish on the perfectly conducting parts of the structure, is discretised by the Galerkin method and the unknown coefficients are evaluated by solving the resulting matrix equation. Other parameters, such as the input impedance and radiation patterns of the antenna, can then also be calculated.


This paper uses the survey findings of rural Korean women from 7 nonrepresentative areas from May 1981-August 1981 to ascertain the prevalence of exclusive and extended breastfeeding frequency of breastfeeding and the pattern of artificial or supplementary feeding. All mothers began breastfeeding but many were immediately supplementing from the 1st month. 30% of the mothers who delivered in clinics began to supplement from the time of birth. Exclusive breastfeeding rates fall steeply with age while general extended breastfeeding rates fall slowly. Feeding rate on demand was 25.5% and more frequently among women with no past experience of breastfeeding and 74.5% of feeding was done on schedule. The most common reason given for not breastfeeding was "lack of or insufficient milk." About 10% of mothers were advised to give cows milk supplements by health personnel. Monthly supplementary feeding rates were gradually increased until the 12th month with steep curves from the 2nd-7th months. Cumulative frequency of infants having commercial weaning food reaches 20% at 9 months. (authors)


This paper investigates the stability of switched stochastic continuous-time nonlinear systems in two cases: (1) all subsystems are global asymptotically exponentially stable in the mean (GASiM); (2) both GASiM subsystems and unstable subsystems coexist, and proposes a number of new results on the stability analysis. Firstly, an improved average dwell time (ADT) method is established for the stability of switched stochastic system by extending our previous dwell time method. Especially, an improved mode-dependent average dwell time (MDADT) method for the switched stochastic systems whose subsystems are quadratically stable in the mean is also obtained. Secondly, based on the improved ADT and MDADT methods, several new results on the stability analysis are provided. It should be pointed out that the obtained results have two advantages over the existing results, one is the conditions of the improved ADT method are simplified, the other is that the obtained lower bound of ADT (τa) is also smaller than those obtained by other methods. Finally, two illustrative examples with simulation are given to show the correctness and the effectiveness of the proposed results.


The integral line-of-sight guidance law for path following applications of autonomous surface vessels is presented in a unified manner, merging intuitive and theoretical aspects of this valuable control technique. Straight line path following scenarios of underactuated surface vessels in the presence of unknown constant irrotational ocean currents are considered. The integral line-of-sight guidance and two feedback controllers are combined into a cascaded configuration where the integral effect in the line-of-sight guidance is introduced to counteract the disturbance. The chosen integration law is defined to reduce the risk of wind-up effects, and it is shown that the integral action in the line-of-sight guidance law performs a vectorial sum between the vessel relative velocity and the unknown current velocity to compensate for the drift. Moreover, only relative velocities are used in the feedback loop since the ocean current is assumed constant and irrotational. Redefining the vessel model with relative velocities significantly simplifies the control system compared to the approach based on absolute velocities. Closed-loop uniform local exponential stability is achieved for path following of straight line paths. Furthermore, in steady state, the presented guidance law paired with measurements of the absolute speed and the relative speed of the vessel yields to an estimation of the ocean current. Simulations are presented to support the theoretical results.


Michelle Crickett and Anne Adrain report on an event to discuss the future of audit, and the skills the sector will require going forward.


There has been a significant increase in the prevalence and severity of allergic diseases in the industrialized countries, with a higher incidence of allergic symptoms in urban environments than in rural areas, particularly with respect to pollen-induced symptoms. Furthermore, the changes caused by industrialization have led to a pronounced increase in the levels of pollution in cities. We have an example of this in Japan, where the diesel vehicle fleet increased 500 fold and the quantity of aromatic hydrocarbons derived from the diesel exhaust increased 1000 fold (1, 2). Many studies in the United States, Europe and Australia, have shown that the number of asthma-related visits to emergency departments and hospital admissions increase proportionally with the increase in certain pollutants [ozone (O3), particles (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulphur dioxide (SO2)] (3–5). However, there are fewer studies which have evaluated other health indicators of lesser severity such as symptoms of asthma, spirometric changes and the use of asthma medication. These studies have enabled the relationship between pollutants and exacerbations to be observed in less severe (mild–moderate) asthma, which affects a broader spectrum of the population. Similarly, several experimental and laboratory studies suggest a close relationship between pollens and environmental pollution. For example, exposure to ozone reduces to one half the dose of pollen necessary to produce a decrease of 15% in the forced expiratory volume (FEV1) compared with noncontaminated air (6). Exposure to NO2 and to particles (PM10) (7, 8) increases the asthmatic response in subjects allergic to grass pollens. There are few epidemiological studies in which the relationship between pollutants, pollens and visits to emergency departments due to asthma crises has been analysed, and their results have been controversial; this may be because, as the study periods were not limited to the months of pollination, possible interactions between pollens and pollutants could be masked by the effects of the pollutants, which have a stable repercussion throughout the year (9, 10). The objective of this study was to determine the role of pollutants on the clinical course of patients with mild– moderate, pollen-allergic asthma, living in two cities with different levels of pollution. To reduce the confounding factors between pollens and pollutants, the study was limited exclusively to the pollination season. Background: Many studies have demonstrated a positive association between air pollutants and emergency visits for asthma. However, few studies have included pollen when analysing this relationship in mild–moderate asthmatic patients. Objective: To determine the importance of the pollutants such as ozone (O3), particles (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) in the clinical course of mild–moderate pollen-allergic asthmatic patients from two Spanish towns in La Mancha: Puertollano (high pollution levels) and Ciudad Real (low pollution levels). Methods: We used a Poisson regression model to study a cohort of 137 patients from Puertollano and Ciudad Real during two pollen seasons (2000–2001) and analysed the relationship between air pollutant and pollen levels and daily symptoms, the medication used and peak-flow measurements. Results: The number of asthma symptoms and the mean values of the PM10, SO2 and NO2 levels were higher in Puertollano than in Ciudad Real. In Puertollano, the risk of asthma increased by 6% with a 3-day lag for PM10, by 8% with a 3day lag for O3, by 4% with a 1-day lag for SO2 and by 15% with a 3-day lag for O3 when its values exceeded the health threshold (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The air pollution levels in Puertollano were associated with an increased risk of asthma symptoms in pollen-allergic asthmatic patients com pared with a similar group from Ciudad Real. F. Feo Brito, P. Mur Gimeno, C. Mart nez, A. Tob as, L. Su rez, F. Guerra, J. M Borja, A. M Alonso Allergy Section, General Hospital, Ciudad Real; Allergy Unit, Santa Barbara Hospital, Puertollano; Investigation Unit, General Hospital, Ciudad Real; National School of Public Health, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid; Castilla-La Mancha Environmental Department, Toledo; Department of Allergy and Pathology, Medical School Unit, Reina Sof a University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain


This paper presents the variation of the ductility of lightweight concrete made with cold-bonded fly ash aggregates, produced by cold-bonding process through the pelletization of moistened fly ash-cement mixtures at room temperature. Lightweight concretes with and without silica fume were cast at 0.35 and 0.55 w/c rations with fly ash pellets as coarse aggregates and natural sand as fine aggregate. Lightweight aggregates were incorporated into the mixes at 30, 45, and 60 percent of the total aggregate volume and with 9.5 and 15 mm maximum particle sizes, respectively. In this manner 24 concrete mixtures were designed and tested in order to evaluate the compressive strength, static elastic modulus, and splitting tensile strength. In addition, three-point bending tests on notched beams were conducted to determine the fracture toughness and the characteristic length as a measure of ductility. Test results have revealed that he ductility of the lightweight concretes increased with higher coarse aggregate volume content and larger particle size, and decreased with the use of silica fume and low w/c ratio in the concretes. Also, the characteristic length reduced with the increase in compressive strength as in normal weight concrete.


The use of sulfur in highway paving mixtures has introduced questions regarding the pollutants generated, their environmental impact and the safety aspects associated with mix preparation and placement. This report presents the Field Evaluation Procedures based on the results of a more detailed investigation in which these factors were assessed. The evaluation procedures deal with the safety and environmental aspects of storage and handling, formulation, construction, operation and maintenance of highway pavements containing sulfur, including the possible generation of noxious and abnoxious fumes, dust and gases. This report discusses methods and equipment for monitoring potential emissions and pollutants and recommends safety practices for the handling of sulfur and sulfur-modified asphalt mixtures and pavements.


In this paper, a new cascading failure model is proposed for quantitatively analyzing the railway accident causation. In the model, the loads of nodes are redistributed according to the strength of the causal relationships between the nodes. By analyzing the actual situation of the existing prevention measures, a critical threshold of the load parameter in the model is obtained. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed cascading model, simulation experiments of a train collision accident are performed. The results show that the cascading failure model can describe the cascading process of the railway accident more accurately than the previous models, and can quantitatively analyze the sensitivities and the influence of the causes. In conclusion, this model can assist us to reveal the latent rules of accident causation to reduce the occurrence of railway accidents.


This paper presents a method of solving the simultaneous nonlinear equations containing transcendental functions in a specified domain. The features of the method are that the analysis can be executed in the complex domain by using the algebraic analysis and in the infinite range for the variable not contained in the transcendental function. The method is composed of the following procedures.

The specified domain of analysis is divided into subdomains, and the transcendental function is approximated by a polynomial in each subdomain. Using the computation algorithm for the Groebner basis, the single-variable algebraic equation is derived and the number and the value of the approximate solution are determined. The computer algebra is applied to the computation process, and the efficiency of the calculation of the approximate solution is improved by deriving several polynomials called prime basis, together with the single-variable equation.

To calculate the solution for the original equation based on the approximate solution, the techniques for numerical analysis such as Newton's method are employed. The reliability of the solution method is improved by the bifurcation analysis between the real and the complex-valued solutions whenever necessary.


Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)‐stimulated mitogenesis, motogenesis and morphogenesis in various cell types begins with activation of the Met receptor tyrosine kinase and the recruitment of intracellular adaptors and kinase substrates. The adapter protein Gab1 is a critical effector and substrate of activated Met, mediating morphogenesis, among other activities, in epithelial cells. To define its role downstream of Met in hematopoietic cells, Gab1 was expressed in the HGF‐responsive, Gab1‐negative murine myeloid cell line 32D. Interestingly, the adhesion and motility of Gab1‐expressing cells were significantly greater than parental cells, independent of growth factor treatment. Downstream of activated Met, Gab1 expression was specifically associated with rapid Shp‐2 recruitment and activation, increased mitogenic potency, suppression of GATA‐1 expression and concomitant upregulation of GATA‐2 transcription. In addition to enhanced proliferation, continuous culture of Gab1‐expressing 32D cells in HGF resulted in cell attachment, filopodia extension and phenotypic changes suggestive of monocytic differentiation. Our results suggest that in myeloid cells, Gab1 is likely to enhance HGF mitogenicity by coupling Met to Shp‐2 and GATA‐2 expression, thereby potentially contributing to normal myeloid differentiation as well as oncogenic transformation. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 310–321, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Thin films of CoPt alloys in the thickness range of 5–50 nm were investigated using magnetic and nanostructural characterization methods. These compounds are suitable candidates for magnetic and magneto-optic recording applications due to their excellent perpendicular anisotropy and stability of very small magnetic domains in the nanometer regime. We have intensively studied the influence of thermal treatment on the magnetic behavior as well as on the nanostructure of the alloy films. The films were prepared under UHV conditions at elevated substrate temperature. X-ray measurements reveal a preferential fcc (111) texture with very small dispersion of the c axes. From scanning tunneling microscopy studies a typical grain size of the order of 10–20 nm was determined. The as-grown films exhibit only little surface roughness. MOKE measurements and domain visualization by means of Kerr microscopy reveal an almost perfect perpendicular magnetic orientation.


A careful NMR analysis with full assignment of the 1H and 13C spectral data for two minor saponins isolated from stems of Cordia piauhiensis is reported. These saponins were isolated by high‐performance liquid chromatography and characterized as 3β‐O‐[α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1 → 2)‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl]pomolic acid 28‐O‐[β‐D‐glucopyanosyl‐(1 → 6)‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl] ester (1) and 3β‐O‐[α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1 → 2)‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl]oleanolic acid 28‐O‐[β‐D‐xylopyranosyl‐(1 → 2)‐β‐D‐glucopyanosyl‐(1 → 6)‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl] ester (2). Their structures were established using a combination of 1D and 2D (1H, 1H‐COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, gs‐HMQC and gs‐HMBC) NMR techniques, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and chemical evidence. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


We report our recent theoretical studies on the hydrogen-induced semiconductor surface metallization observed in β-SiC(001)-3×2 surface.We show that the surface metallization arises from a novel mechanism of n-type doping of surface band via formation of hydrogen bridgebonds(i.e.,Si-H-Si complex).The hydrogen strengthens the weak Si-Si dimers in the subsurface by forming hydrogen bridge bonds,and donates electron to the surface conduction band.


This paper investigates the determinants of capital structure in unlisted firms in New Zealand. Hypotheses utilising pecking order theory, trade-off theory and agency costs theory and the effects of firm ownership structure, firm characteristics and industry on small business capital structure determinants are empirically examined. 11 years of data for 120 unlisted small businesses are collected and 1320 observations are analysed using dynamic panel GMM estimation. The results indicate that managerial ownership, firm characteristics and industry are important determinants of capital structure. Moreover, this study finds firm ownership and characteristics have opposing relationships with long- and short-term capital structure choices. Though the results generally support pecking order theory, they indicate a potential need for different capital structure theories for long-term debt choice and short-term debt choice, in small firms.


The relation between the Nambu–Goto string in D dimensions and the two‐dimensional σ model defined on the Grassmannian manifold SO(D−1,1)/SO(D−2)×SO(1,1) is investigated. For D=3 and D=4 the Nambu–Goto string is identified with a definite sector of the Grassmannian σ model. For D=3 the remaining sector is again a string model with an additional term in the Nambu–Goto action.


Excisional haemorrhoidectomy is the gold standard for management of advanced symptomatic haemorrhoids. Although an effective treatment, it is associated with significant postoperative morbidity with pain, bleeding and a high readmission rate. This study seeks to investigate potential risk factors that may predict unplanned 30‐day readmissions following excisional haemorrhoidectomy.


Renewable energy is a core issue when it comes to energy resources today. However, the use of tidal energy has received less attention compared to solar and wind energy. This study investigates the technical‐economic evaluation of tidal power plants in three areas of Bushehr, Pol, and Khowr‐e Musa, all located along the southern coast of Iran. Four economic indices including net present value (NPV), benefit–cost ratio, capital return time, and internal rate of return are used. The study compares a tidal power plant with a solar and a Combined Cycle Gas Turbine power plant bearing a capacity of 10 MW. The results show that the total initial cost of a tidal power plant is 1.92 times higher compared to a PV and 7.16 times higher compared to a CCGT power plant. Due to the potential of solar and tidal energy, the three studied regions are economically different. The results show the NPV of a tidal power plant in Khowr‐e Mousa region is 4.90 times higher than a PV power plant and 9.93 times higher than a CCGT power plant. In addition, the cost of energy production per kilowatt depends on the region and the type of power plant technology. The lowest cost of energy production is related to tidal energy in Khowr‐e Musa region. The results of sensitivity analysis also show that the highest sensitivity is related to the initial cost and electricity sales rate.


Two substrate-controlled varnish types were identified from arid southeast Morocco: (1) patchy varnish interspersed with 'silica glaze' on silicified limestone and (2) a complete varnish cover on partially-silicified limestone. Electron probe microanalysis was used in conjunction with scanning electron microscopy to investigate their chemical composition. In both instances, varnishes are predominantly silica and iron-rich with localized concentrations of manganese. Inorganic fixation of iron and manganese is the preferred explanation, with manganese and iron derived predominantly from external sources—possibly wind-blown dust. Some iron and silica may also be derived by outward migration from within the substrate, particularly on partially silicified limestone.


This paper mainly introduces the principle and operating methods in detecting the magmatite boundary intruded into main coalbed.It proved that metamorphic coal caused by magmatite intrusion contains higher magnetic anomaly than its surrounding rock which was regarded as the theoretic basis for determining the magmatite boundary.Through practice,it is verified that the theory is corresponding to objective reality.


Background: A lot of Complaints often submitted by patient to polyclinic service, if this problem appear continuously than it will disturb health service quality. This problems happen caused by gap between expectation and patient perception, and making low quality of health service. That make Polyclinic Direktorat Jenderal Perhubungan Laut Ministry of Transportation make analysis Quality of satisfaction from eksternal costumer. In the end the result of The gap can be utilized to determine the increase strategy of quality of health service
Target: To know the difference between expectation and perception of external, determining strategy of quality of health service.
Method: This Research represent the descriptive research using case study design. Research location is in Polyclinic Direktorat Jenderal Perhubungan Laut Ministry of Transportation. Sample of The Research consist of 97 Polyclinic. Way of intake sample by convinient Sampling
Results: The Result of research show the existence of gap among expectation and perception at all of questions item. The Highest gap score at every dimension of service quality becoming priority to be conduct strategy in developing health service quality using the method of Value Chain. Item which is the highest priority in very items are: polyclinic own the recent and newest equipments, Worker keep a promise which have been agreed, worker inform when surely health service given, Worker behavior awaken the belief use the polyclinic service, Polyclinic give the special attention at you.
Conclusion: Strategy to increase quality of health service: Using modern equipments in Polyclinic, Informing to patient when surely schedule health service will be given, Improving knowledge of health care worker, Improving discipline of health worker in giving health service


This paper introduces the teaching procedure and implementation steps of narrative nursing, including selecting stories, presenting stories, discussing, recording perceptions and communicating between teachers and students. It also analyzes the teaching effect of narrative nursing, which helps to improve students' interest, humanistic quality and professional quality, summarizes the forms and contents of evaluation of narrative nursing teaching, and puts forward the direction of future research based on previous research. The main task is to strengthen the self-development of narrative materials and improve the evaluation method and index system of narrative nursing teaching.


over it is not simply the story of'the wars; the political struggles and changes from which Hungary has greatly suffered, but rather the inner life of the people is set forth in comprehensive view and interesting detail. An introductory chapter sketches the history from 1711 to 1740, while the following chapters describe conditions a:bout 1780. The titles of the following lengthy chapters sufficiently indicate their contents. They are "Economic Conditions," "The Social System," "Natoinality," "The Church," 'and "The Royal Power and 1lhe Government at the State." The author claims that these chapters were written from the sources, and the general tone gives confidence to the reader.


This paper constructs the augmented monetary conditions index (AMCI) over 1982:1-2004:4 using UECM and bounds test approach for the Philippines data. Results reveal evidence of cointegration between the real GDP and its determinants, namely short-term interest rate, exchange rate and claims on private sectors that take into account three key transmission mechanisms channels in the conduct of monetary policy, namely the interest rate, exchange rate and credit channels. While asset price channel is found to be insignificant. The monetary conditions during the study periods is reflected in the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas's reaction to the prevailing economic situation, imply that the AMCI tracks the inverse movements of the real GDP growth reasonably well after 1990s. Possible light of policy implications have put forward.


A 64‐year‐old man underwent laparoscopic low anterior resection for lower rectal cancer. Because he was overweight (BMI, 28.1 kg/m2) with rich visceral fat and a narrow pelvic cavity, the operation was technically difficult and the operation time was 686 min. Postoperatively, the patient immediately complained of pain and swelling of the left lower limb. Laboratory examination showed that serum creatinine kinase was markedly increased and urine myoglobin was positive on postoperative day 1. He was diagnosed with well‐leg compartment syndrome and was transported to the trauma and critical care center for emergency fasciotomy. After initial treatment, he was transferred to our hospital on postoperative day 7. He completely recovered after 2 months. Although well‐leg compartment syndrome is rare, it is necessary to consider it as a potential complication when performing a long colorectal cancer surgery with the patient in the lithotomy position, particularly when laparoscopic surgery is planned.