The heterogeneous electro‐Fenton (EF) process is a promising wastewater treatment technology for the onsite production of H2O2 and avoidance of iron sludge. However, the preparation of the cathode catalysts remains a challenge. Not only must the catalyst surface possesses active sites for both 2e− oxygen reduction reaction and heterogeneous Fenton reaction, preventing active metals from continuous leaching is also crucial to maintain its catalytic activity. Herein, a heterogeneous catalyst (rGO@FexP/C) with a vacuumized package‐like structure, where carbon‐supported iron phosphides (FexP/C) are tightly covered within interconnected reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets, is successfully prepared. The concentration of iron that dissolved from rGO@FexP/C after the reaction is only 3.37% of bare FexP/C (14.6 mg L−1), while rGO@FexP/C achieves better performance towards sulfamethoxazole (10 mg L−1) degradation than FexP/C. Investigation on rGO@FexP/C with different thicknesses of outer rGO layer and diverse morphologic structures demonstrate that the unique structure of rGO@FexP/C played a decisive role in the simultaneously enhanced activity and stability.


In this retrospective study, we describe the clinical course, ultrasound findings and genetic investigations of fetuses affected by fetal akinesia.


This article presents a study of metaphorical expressions of temperature sensory words in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). It demonstrates that TCM practitioners used the temperature sensory words such as "Heat" or "Cold" to illustrate the human body system including physiological functions, pathogenesis, therapeutic principles and herbs. Metaphorical mapping was applied for exploring and analyzing the expressions of "cold" and "heat" included in the language of TCM. Body experiences to nature and macro phenomena of nature are the foundation and logical materials. The results show that through sensory interaction in human body and nature, Chinese ancients spontaneously generate a novel reference-system of exploring the human body, as well as treatment of disease, which was made on the basis of referring to the theory of Yin-Yang. This theory forms a cognitive or cultural model underlying the metaphorical conceptualization and primitive thought in Chinese. This study shows that metaphors of temperature sensory words in TCM are primarily based on common bodily experience. It also provides empirical evidence, from a language of TCM, to support the claim that metaphor is essential in human understanding, meaning, and reasoning, even creating.


Students of education encounter a range of pedagogies yet how future teachers appropriate moral principles is little understood. We conducted an investigation into this process with ten international students of education attending an intensive course on 'dialogic pedagogy'. The data comprising student learning journals and essays was coded for the level of questioning, acceptance and irreverence. In the findings, reverential acceptance was more frequent than questioning and irreverence; however, our qualitative analysis also found a large number of micro-transitions between questioning, acceptance and irreverence suggesting a dynamic interplay. Recognising this vacillation as part of a moral journey may support better understanding of what it means to engage with a different pedagogy.


This paper presents the polarization effect on the specific absorption rate (SAR) homogeneity over different cells for in vitro millimeter-wave (mmWave) exposure experiments. For numerical modeling of a novel three dimensional (3D) culture cell experiment, an Insert model containing a skin cell layer was adopted along with a conventional 35 mm Petri dish. Various exposure scenarios including different polarization angles were considered and the simulations were performed based on the finite element method (FEM). The SAR results reveal that the polarization has a significant effect on the cell SARs across multiple Petri dishes.


it does a compromise between the Saskatchewan College of Physis:~I1S and Surgeons and the provincial government, does not constitllte the best means of providing medical care to the public. He Stressed the irnportance of cmphasizing this point of view reP~~4t,~dly to the public and to politicians, drawing attention to the °ft-reit rated opinion of the medical profession that financing of such services should be provided through the medium of voluntary P'eP4itt insurance by multiple carriers, with government subsidy At persons of low income, the indigent and the medically indigent. ha Present he noted, the low income groups in Saskatchewan still


Abstract Background Anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) use is known to be associated with other psychiatric disorders, such as body image disorders, conduct disorder/sociopathy, and other substance use disorders (SUD) – but the causal pathways among these conditions remain poorly delineated. Methods We created a directed acyclic graph to diagram hypothesized relationships among AAS use and dependence, body image disorder (BID), conduct disorder/sociopathy, and other SUD. Using proportional hazards models, we then assessed potentially causal relationships among these variables, using a dataset of 233 male weightlifters, of whom 102 had used AAS. Results BID and conduct disorder/sociopathy both strongly contributed to the development of AAS use, but did not appear to contribute further to the progression from AAS use to AAS dependence. Other SUD beginning prior to first AAS use – whether broadly defined or restricted only to opioids – failed to show an effect on AAS use or progression to AAS dependence. Conversely, AAS use contributed significantly to the subsequent first-time development of opioid use disorders but did not significantly increase the risk for first-time development of non-opioid SUD, taken as a whole. Conclusions Our analysis suggests that AAS use and other SUD are mutually attributable to underlying conduct disorder/sociopathy. SUD do not appear to represent a 'gateway' to subsequent AAS use. AAS use may represent a gateway to subsequent opioid use disorder, but probably not to other SUD.


A 7.2‐magnitude earthquake occurred on the plate boundary off Miyagi Prefecture, northeastern Japan, on 16 August 2005. From seafloor geodetic observations using the GPS/acoustic combination technique in this area, we have detected notable seafloor movements associated with, and subsequent to this event. The time series of horizontal coordinates obtained at the seafloor reference point MYGW, located about 10 km east of the epicenter, indicates that the strain accumulated for the interseismic period was partly released by the event and a constant strain accumulation restarted after 1–2 years of the post‐seismic period with an erratic movement. The horizontal velocity of MYGW after the restart above is estimated to be about 5.7 cm/year toward WNW relative to the Eurasian plate. Our result is consistent with those derived from terrestrial GPS measurements and implies that the interplate locking was restored in the rupture area of the 2005 event around 2007.


The research of clinical image processing gathers its essentialities with its growth in the requirement of efficient and automated diagnosis in minimal duration of time. Apart from that the retrieval system of clinical images has to be provided as the tool for clinicians and radiologists for acquiring the clinical images as that of the fault image present in the content. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is an emerging technique in the field of medical image acquisition and processing that has played an essential and vital role in the research field of neuro science in order to study the images of brain. Classifying the brain images to different clinical state is very important task for clinicians to make decisions for proceeding with the treatment to cure major deadly disorders. Hence it is considered as an essential sector in the retrieval system for distinguishing the normal subjects from the abnormal one. Brain tumor is considered as one of the most important conditions of abnormalities which results in death at most of the cases. In this proposed study, the brain images are taken as a cluster of databases with different clinical conditions in both normal and abnormal state with which 80% of data are utilized for training the classifier and remaining 20% of data are being used as test data. The sequence of process that are used for detecting the clinical state of MRI images are followed by preprocessing, segmentation, feature extraction, feature selection and classification. The multi kernel Support Vector Machine using Radial Basis Function is being used for classifying the MRI images. The performance metrics such as sensitivity, specificity and accuracy are being determined and it is realized to be as an efficient strategy that is useful for categorizing the clinical state of brain whether it is a normal one or abnormal one. It is being inferred that the classification accuracy is being attained with 98.62% in predicting the clinical normality and abnormality conditions.


The morphological identification system vector of pes disease is one of teaching aids students of the Faculty of Medicine of Universitas Islam Indonesia. The students needs to study the morphological characteristic under the microscope. In practice, it proof difficult to distinguish the kind of various ordos of flea. Thus, the computer teaching aids on this subject need to be developed. The purposed system identified the morphological characteristic of the insect using their size, shape, and texture features. At the identification stage, ten features selected using the Correlation Features Selection (CFS) with method search Best first. This system can also provide additional information about the taxonomy and general characteristics of parasitic insects. The method used for the classification of parasitic insects is KNN, which provides accuracy for body detection of 97.0377% and head detection of 75%. The system has been validated through the expert and its classification correlation reached Cohen's Kappa.


Recent studies suggest an increasing trend in return idiosyncratic volatility and a 'puzzling' negative relationship between idiosyncratic and total volatility and stock returns. We investigate in an emerging market, the time-series behaviour of total and idiosyncratic volatility and their respective relationship with cross-sectional stock returns. First, we find that the time-series behaviour of both total and idiosyncratic volatility is episodic rather than exhibiting a long-term trend and that this episodic behaviour is driven by the level and variability of growth options. Second, we find a significant negative total volatility effect which reverses the apparent negative idiosyncratic volatility effect. Our results are consistent with a market populated by underdiversified risk-averse investors with a preference for high total volatility stocks. Consequently, we suggest that there is neither an idiosyncratic nor a total volatility puzzle. Our study underscores the importance of country verification, especially in emerging markets, of anomalies initially discovered in mature markets.


Dense ZrB2–SiC and HfB2–SiC composites were fabricated at 1800°C by spark plasma sintering (SPS) using TaSi2 as sintering aid. The volume content of SiC was 5–30% and that of TaSi2 was 5% in the initial compositions. The additive of TaSi2 contributed to the densification of composites by the decomposition and simultaneous solid solution of Ta atoms into boride grains which was probably associated with the decrease of activation energy of boride grain boundaries. With increasing SiC content, the electrical conductivity of ZrB2–SiC and HfB2–SiC composites decreased from 19.89 to 11.99 and 22.29 to 13.42 × 105 Ω−1·m−1 respectively. Generally, the thermal conductivity of composites showed an increasing tendency with increasing SiC content, indicating the maximum values of 49.93 and 118.39 W/m·K respectively for ZrB2–SiC and HfB2–SiC composites produced with 30 vol % SiC content in the initial compositions. Additionally, the Vickers hardness of composites increased with the increment of SiC content from 16.9 to 20.2 and 24.0 to 28.5 GPa for ZrB2–SiC and HfB2–SiC composites respectively. The fracture toughness of ZrB2–SiC composites showed an increasing tendency from 3.70 to 4.44 MPa·m1/2 with increasing SiC content while those of HfB2–SiC composites did not show a changing tendency and was in a range of 3.28–3.54 MPa·m1/2. The elastic moduli of composites declined from 464.8 to 453.2 and 494.4 to 481.9 GPa for ZrB2–SiC and HfB2–SiC composites respectively with increasing SiC content.


This editorial refers to 'Fear of dying and inflammation following acute coronary syndrome', by A. Steptoe et al. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehr132

'A mental disturbance provoking pain, excessive joy, hope or anxiety extends to the heart, where it affects temper and rate'.William Harvey, English physician, 1578–1657 The idea that emotions might be tied to coronary heart disease (CHD) is not new, but a strong and cumulative body of empirical evidence is now available to support this notion. Negative emotions [e.g. depression and the distressed (Type D) personality] have been implicated in the risk of incident CHD in apparently healthy individuals, the risk of mortality in patients with established CHD, or both, while positive emotions (e.g. optimism) seem to be protective for both incident CHD and its progression.1–3 For sceptics, it might be tempting to dismiss this evidence arguing that these patients have more cardiovascular risk factors, more severe disease, or receive less than optimal treatment. However, these studies have been well controlled with statistical adjustment for traditional biomedical risk factors and indicators of disease severity, and patients have received state-of-the art treatment.4,5

In their seminal paper, Steptoe and colleagues demonstrate that one in five patients report intense distress and fear of dying at the time of admission for acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and that such emotions are linked to increased immune activation.6 The odds of high tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels was 4.67 in patients with intense distress at the time of admission, controlling for pain intensity at the time of ACS, sociodemographic factors, medication, and clinical risk. Fear of dying was also associated …


The effects of the dorsal raphe injection of 6-OH-DA were studied on albinorats with both behavioral and fluorescence histochemical methods.The experimen-tal animals were divided into two groups:one received the 6-OH-DA injectionand the other received a vehicle injection.It was found that the acupunctureanalgesic effect was enhanced at 2 and 7 days after the administration of 6-OH-DA.At these times the NA terminals in the dorsal raphe nucleus nearly disappeared,while the 5-HT containing neurons in the same nucleus remained intact.Some-times the latter even showed a slight increase in fluorescence intensity,Thecontrol group showed no change in both the acupuncture analgesia and the fluores-cence histochemistry.The result provides a direct experimental evidence for theclose relationship between NA and 5-HT in the dorsal raphe nucleus to acupunc-tural analgesic effect.


Abstract The standard realization of the Hecke algebra on classical holomorphic cusp forms and the corresponding period polynomials is well known. In this article we consider a nonstandard realization of the Hecke algebra on Maass cusp forms for the Hecke congruence subgroups Γ0(n). We show that the vector valued period functions derived recently by Hilgert, Mayer and Movasati as special eigenfunctions of the transfer operator for Γ0(n) are indeed related to the Maass cusp forms for these groups. This leads also to a simple interpretation of the "Hecke like" operators of these authors in terms of the aforementioned nonstandard realization of the Hecke algebra on the space of vector valued period functions.


Autophagy is essential for cellular homeostasis and when deregulated this survival mechanism has been associated with disease development. Inhibition of autophagy initiation by inhibiting the kinase ULK1 has been proposed as a potential cancer therapy. While inhibitors and crystal structures of ULK1 have been reported, little is known about the other closely related kinase ULK2. Here we present the crystal structure of ULK2 in complex with ATP competitive inhibitors. Surprisingly, the ULK2 structure revealed a dimeric assembly reminiscent of dimeric arrangements of auto-activating kinases suggesting a role for this association in ULK activation. Screening of a kinase focused library of pre-clinical and clinical compounds revealed several potent ULK1/2 inhibitors and good correlation of inhibitor binding behavior with both ULK kinases. Aurora A was identified as a major off-target of currently used ULK1 inhibitors. Autophagic flux assays demonstrated that this off-target activity by strongly inducing autophagy in different cellular systems conferred an additional layer of complexity in the interpretation of cellular data. The data presented here provides structural models and chemical starting points for the development of ULK1/2 dual inhibitors with improved selectivity for future exploitation of autophagy inhibition.


Portraits of the North Carolina delegates to the Constitutional Convention of 1787. Image from the North Carolina Museum of History. [4]The U.S. Constitution, completed on 17 Sept. 1787, was signed on behalf of North Carolina by William Blount, a native of Bertie County [5]; Richard Dobbs Spaight [6], a native of New Bern; and Hugh Williamson [7], a native of Pennsylvania. The North Carolina legislature of 1786-87 without enthusiasm had approved the call for a revision of the Articles of Confederation. On 6 Jan. 1787, the final day of the session, it chose Governor Richard Caswell [8], William R. Davie [9], Willie Jones [10], Alexander Martin, and Spaight to be its delegates to the Constitutional Convention [3], scheduled to meet in Philadelphia. Jones opposed the idea of a central government any stronger than that provided by the Articles of Confederation and declined the appointment. Caswell was not well and did not attend, but he named Williamson on 14 March and Blount on 24 April to fill the two vacancies.


Urban development in coastal areas bolstered the need for stormwater treatment practices due to increases in impervious area that increased runoff and bacteria export. Prior to current stormwater regulations, some stormwater systems were constructed to discharge directly onto the beach, placing ocean swimmers at risk of contracting illnesses. In order to combat this issue, the Town of Kure Beach, NCDOT, and NCSU-BAE developed a new stormwater BMP, the Kure Beach Dune Infiltration System (DIS). The DIS was designed to capture the runoff from a 12.7 mm/hr (0.5 in/hr) storm event by diverting stormwater into subsurface StormChambers™, located beneath the dunes, and allow for infiltration of stormwater within the dunes. Two DISs were constructed and monitored for several years. A control site, with no stormwater inputs, was also monitored. Thus far, monitoring results of the untreated stormwater revealed bacteria concentrations reaching as high as 53 times the state maximum, while post-treatment groundwater concentrations remained mostly below the state maximum. Overall, there was a 97% difference between the stormwater and groundwater bacteria median concentrations. Furthermore, 99% of all storm flows at the sites were captured and treated, with one system capturing all associated flows. Short term mounding of groundwater beneath the DISs occurred following infiltration events, but subsided within a few hours to days, to levels similar to those in a nearby control dune.


As the clock speed of central processing unit (CPU) becomes faster, the heat generated from CPU device is increased significantly. Therefore, the thermal solution of the flip chip (FC) CPU package is one of the important technical issues. The FC CPU package mounted on the board in a system requires an additional external heat sink for better thermal dissipation. Therefore, most of the heat generated from the processor is dissipated through the topside of the FC CPU package. This paper focuses on the two thermal interfaces between chip backside and heat spreader (Lid) of ceramic PGA FC package, and between heat spreader and external heat sink. For better thermal dissipation, it is required that the thermal interface material (TIM) should have the high thermal conductivity, small voids in the TIM and at the interface, and good adhesion with the chip backside, heat spreader, and external heat sink. Other impacts on the thermal performance are the material type of the heat spreader and the design of the external heat sink. In addition, the thermal performance of the package should not be degraded after reliability tests such as temperature cycle, pressure cooker test, and high temperature storage. In general, the thermal conductivity of thermal grease is around 1 W/mK. However, such thermal grease can't give a thermal solution for P d max. of 80W, Θjc (junction to case) of 0.27°C /W. Therefore, the advanced thermal grease of which thermal conductivity is more than 3.0 W/mK was used for developing of a thermal solution for Pd max. of 80W. Moreover, thermal epoxy having thermal conductivity of 18W/mK was also evaluated to guarantee P d max. of 100W and Θjc of 0.20°C/W. Consequently, this paper illustrated that the thermal performance of FC CPU package with a heat spreader is strongly influenced by the defect of the TIM such as voids, poor adhesion, and what the thermal solution for P d max. of 80W is. This paper also included the experiments and simulations on the different TIM, heat spreader, and external heat sink design.


Submitted for the DFD08 Meeting of The American Physical Society Static shapes and instability of hanging flags conveying fluid TONY S. YU, Department of Mechanical Engineering, MIT, SUNGHWAN JUNG, Department of Mathematics, MIT, CHRISTOPHE CLANET, LadHyX, Ecole Polytechnique — We investigate the interaction between a fluid jet and a long, thin sheet, i.e. "flag", clamped to the jet-nozzle. The jet wets and flows along one side of the flag from base (clamped end) to tip, which hangs freely. Experiments reveal a lateral force at the "free" end of the hanging flag; this force arises from the minimization of surface-energy as the jet detaches from the flag surface. At low Weber numbers (i.e. low flow rates), the tip force produces stable, static flag shapes with wavelengths inversely proportional to the flow rate. The static shapes are well described by a simple model coupling linear beam bending and inviscid flow. At higher Weber numbers, static shapes become unstable, leading to periodic oscillations analogous to previous work on hanging cantilever tubes conveying fluid (Paidoussis, 1970; Doaré and Langre, 2002). The observed critical flow rates for instability agree well with those predicted by linear stability analysis. Tony S. Yu Department of Mechanical Engineering, MIT Date submitted: 03 Aug 2008 Electronic form version 1.4


The present invention is installed on one side of the patient bed and the patient is directed to a washing table that allows the users to a meal or reading or washing, the a top plate and a sink for rotating belts provided on both sides of the housing the desk, coupled to the lower side, but fixed hinge the rotating frame at opposite sides of the desk, the bent shape, by each combination of the cylinder and the auxiliary link at the bottom of the rotary frame, and by the rotating belt causes the top plate and the sink is deployed and closed by respective different directions, wherein because the rotation of the rotating frame fixed desk by the cylinder, By by the desk is rotated folded by said cylinder operating according to whether the task that desk or ipseol vertically to be folded into a bed end, while still increasing the utilization of the available space on the patient bed is to provide a convenience of the patient , to each of the washing table deployment and rotation of the structure using a very convenient for patient bed, so by the top plate and the washstand are closed or deployed at the same time in a different direction that is easy to deploy, while the deployment width of the sink is reduced by half.


This invention discloses a method for preparing low-ash poly(vinyl alcohol) with poly(vinyl alcohol) final product or semi-final product (granularity = 0.01-7 mm) produced by low-base process as the raw material. The method comprises: (1) extracting the raw material with an extraction solution at a w/v ratio of 1:(2-10) at -20-120 deg.C under normal pressure for at least one time; (2) filtering to separate poly(vinyl alcohol) granules and the extraction solution, and direcly drying poly(vinyl alcohol) granules, or washing and drying to a volatile content lower than 5% to obtain low-ash poly(vinyl alcohol) with an ash content lower than 0.1%. The polarity of the extraction solution is controlled within 3.0-10.2. The method can prepare a series of low-ash poly (vinyl alcohol) products with polymerization degrees within 300-3000 and alcoholysis degrees within 50-99.9%.


The impact of deforestation on the composition and dynamics of bat communities received close attention during a 15-year survey of the bats of French Guiana. Overall, deforestation lowers species richness: 48 of the 75 bat species from primary forest, mainly mature-forest phyllostomids, were not found in large areas that had been deforested for a long time. The 27 "rare" species, each represented by fewer than 6 of 8031 captures, had been apparently virtually eliminated from deforested areas. These altered habitats had been repopulated by a few opportunistic frugivorous phyllostomid species and by species belonging to the widespread insectivorous families Vespertilionidae and Molossidae. Habitats altered by humans harbor over four times as many individual bats as primary rain forest. This rise in both frugivorous and insectivorous bat populations in areas of degraded vegetation appears linked to the abundance of bat-dispersed pioneer' fruiting plant species available to phyllostomids and the multiplicatio...


 The Market Analysis Sub-group of the Food Security and Nutrition Working Group (FSNWG) monitors informal crossborder trade of 88 food commodities and livestock in eastern Africa in order to quantify the impact on regional food security. This bulletin summarizes informal trade across selected borders of Tanzania, Burundi, Rwanda, Uganda, Kenya, Somalia, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Sudan, and South Sudan and DRC. Data is provided by the East Africa Grain Council (EAGC), the Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET), the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the National Bank of Rwanda (NBR) and the World Food Program (WFP).


Layar is an augmented reality (AR) platform that enables creators to tie online resources to physical objects or locations via mobile technologies. The authors detail their exploration of Layar's geolocation and interactive print abilities to aid the discovery of various resources in and around the College of Charleston campus pertaining to revered local artists William Halsey and Corrie McCallum. They explore opportunities for the added value of contextually situated information linking to vetted library and museum holdings. They detail some of the technical and technological requirements involved with coding and multimedia creation for AR, including the successes and pitfalls revealed in their testing. Issues noted include the problem of resolution in geolocation within the library's physical setting, the highly iterative nature of the design and development process, the highly ephemeral and fluid nature of the end products, and their ensuing need for maintenance and review.


The dissertation on the theme "Communication specifics between the doctor and his patient'q deals with possibilities of intercommunication within the Czech Health Service environment. This work defines the essential theoretical guidelines for effective communication in Czech hospitals and consulting rooms, describes the newest specific tools of communation in this field, and maps the standard of external communication in four Prague hospitals. Using an experimental sample of 30 doctors, it analyses the present situation in communation between doctor and patient. Based on these research conclusions a simple manual for those who work with patients has been created. These rules and complying with them should facilitate a better interaction with patients.


Focusing on the problem of work-in-process(WIP) inventory control in furniture manufacture enterprises, this thesis presents a control model of WIP inventory through giving an overall and systematic analysis of the factors influencing WIP inventory in three respects,namely,external environment of the enterprise,its production and operations management and the inner production system.


Medical devices play an important role in the provision of patient care, particularly in intensive care units, accident and emergency departments and operating theatres. This article examines the provision of care and treatments within acute and primary care trusts where medical devices are used, in the context of relevant European and UK legislation.


From reading the Pakistani newspapers, watching television, and listening to the pronouncements of government officials, one gets the impression that Islamization is a major goal of Pakistani society and that there is a broad consensus concerning its relevance and desirability. Islamization is a popular topic in Pakistan-the subject of speeches, books, articles, conversations, and even programs at the U.S. Information Service American Centers. Where it is found, critical analysis of the present government-sponsored "Islamization" program is focused on three central questions. First, how relevant is "Islamization" to various segments of Pakistani society beyond those of officialdom and such organizations as the Jamaat-i-Islam? Second, what does "Islamization" mean and how is the issue of varying interpretations and modes of interpretation to be resolved? And finally, how is "Islamization" to apply to specific issues and policies, such as national development, women's rights, and scientific education? To be sure, there is considerable debate in each of these areas. Polar positions are easily characterized. For some there is agreement and enthusiastic support by everyone for Islamization, while for others Islamization is a fraud, a tool used by a dictatorial regime. For some Islamization is self-evident and has a single meaning held by everyone in the Muslim community, while for others Islamization is a vague concept with different communities and sects holding different and often contradictory interpretations of what it entails. For some Islamization means putting all women inpurdah (i.e., formally separating them from the world of men), promul-


This study was carried out in order to investigate the effects of lotus leaf extracts on the quality characteristics of beef jerky, such as chemical composition, free amino acid, Hunter's color, physical properties, water activity, pH, TBARS value, VBN content, total bacterial count and sensory score. According to the results, there were no significant differences in moisture, protein, fat, ash, L-value, b-value, hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, chewiness, water activity, pH, flavor, taste, texture, juiciness and overall acceptability. Total free amino acid content was highest in T0 and, lowest in T3 (p<0.05). The a-value was highest in T3 (p<0.05). The TBARS value and total bacterial count of T2 and T3 were significantly lower than those of T0 and T1 (p<0.05). The VBN content was lowest in T3 (p<0.05) and the sensory color was highest in T3 (p<0.05).


We investigate the electronic structure of silver nanowires at 1 monolayer (ML) Ag coverage on a vicinal Si(557) substrate by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Fermi surface mapping reveals two-dimensional (2D) Ag-induced electron pockets, which shift to higher binding energies by n-type doping of the step edges. The electronic structure of the 1 ML Ag/Si(557) system exhibits additional 2D metallic states near the Fermi level, which may originate from substrate induced periodicities. By considering the confining potential and electronic coherence length we reconcile the seemingly conflicting views of the dimensionality in this system probed by photoemission spectroscopy, and the dispersion of collective excitations as detected by electron energy loss spectroscopy .


Difficulties in accessing research activities and best practices within own as well as others institutions are commons problem among researches which leads to redundancy in research area, poor research findings, affects innovation growth and hence productivity. The invention of a new social media enhanced communication and people may get connected at anytime and anywhere. Peer to peer without a proper platform communication even via a new media resulted unsatisfactorily gate to research discoveries. Thus it is essential to have a systematic management system that integrates component of best practice, research management system and knowledge management system which systematically facilitates acquiring, sharing, utilising and storing knowledge and best practice effectively within research network. This paper presents a framework of success research and knowledge management systems which focuses on capturing and sharing best practices in all aspects of research and knowledge management systems. The framework has been implemented in MyGRANTS project which comprises of sixty (60) universities in Malaysia. After two years implementation of the framework, it is found that the number and quality of research among Malaysian researchers have shown a positive improvement.


In "The Creation and Development of Rise", I will explain how my play evolved from the initial writing process until the actual production of the show. The Department of Theatre allows students to experience the development of new work through the functions of the classroom. The goal is to simulate how a process would occur in the professional world. The purpose of this thesis is to explore the journey of creation within Rise. Rise tells the story of the community of St. Marie, Louisiana during Mardi Gras, 1972. The play highlights the city's triumphs and downfalls, and it is set to the sound of horns—signaling celebration and ceremony.


The existing problems of the original wastewater treatment system were analyzed. The process flow was adjusted,and the sludge-water separation tank,the active sand filter and the UV disinfecting tank were added. After the upgrading and reconstruction,the effluent quality met the first level A criteria specified in the Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant( GB 18918-2002).


Objective: To investigate the clinical effects of acitretin combined with diyin tablets in the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris by analyzing the clinical data of patients with psoriasis vulgaris admitted and treated in our hospital. Methods: 96 patients with psoriasis vulgaris treated in the outpatient of our hospital from May 2007 to April 2009 were randomly divided into two groups. The control group received acitretin treatment while the observation group received diyin tablets treatment. Results: After 8 weeks of treatment for the observation group, 18 patients (37.50%) were basically cured, 23 cases (47.92%) were significantly effective, 7 cases (14.58%) improved and 0 (0.00%) was ineffective. Basic healing, significant effectiveness and the total effective rate were all significantly different from those of the control group (P0.05). Conclusion: The combined treatment can significantly improve the basic healing rate and effectively improve significant effectiveness. Compares to the single administration of acitretin capsules, it has better clinical effects and lighter side effects, thereby worthy of promotion.


(ProQuest: ... denotes formulae omitted.) PITCH-VOWEL INTERACTION INVOLVES relations between harmonics and formants. A formant is an acoustic resonance of the vocal tract. It is a wave phenomenon in which forward and backward travelling sound waves between the glottis and the lips reinforce each other. Resonance occurs only at specific sound frequencies known as formant frequencies. In a neutral vowel like /.../ or /Λ/, these formant frequencies occur around 500, 1500, 2500, 3500, 4500 Hz, all are about 1000 Hz apart from each other. The separation is different for every vowel, however. Most vowels are distinguished by the first two formant frequencies, labeled Fl and F2. Compared to the neutral vowels, the vowel /a/ has a high first formant (around 700 Hz) and low second formant (around 1100 Hz), the vowel /i/ has a low first formant (around 300 Hz) and a high second formant (around 2100 Hz), and the vowel /u/ has both formants low (about 300 Hz and 800 Hz). It is important to keep clear that the vocal tract does not produce these frequencies; it only resonates them. They must be produced by a source of sound, such as the glottal airflow between the vocal folds during vibration. The source generally produces many sound frequencies, simultaneously. If the sound is continuous, steady, and not noisy, the frequencies are harmonically related. There is a fundamental FO, a second harmonic 2FO, a third harmonic 3FO, and so on. Individually, each harmonic can be considered a tone, a pure whistle-like sound to which we would assign a pitch if it were heard in isolation. We can also assign a tone and pitch to a formant, with the understanding that it exists only as a tone location, a place in tonal space where a harmonic can be resonated (or boosted). If we use traditional clefs for musical notation, harmonics and formants can be shown to coexist. The notation can be quite confusing and cluttered, however, unless a clear symbolic notation is used. To date, I have not found such a symbolic notation, but will propose one for discussion. Let the second harmonic of any note be written as a small diamond ([diamonds]) and the third harmonic as a small rectangle ([white square]). Higher harmonics could be given additional symbols, but let that be a future discussion. With regard to formants, let the first formant Fl be a single symbol (Example 1) and the second formant F2 a double version of the symbol (Example 2). Most of the interesting interactions occur between the first two harmonics (FO and 2FO) and the first formant (Fl). Example 3 shows a vowel sequence /.../ to be sung on the pitch intervals D^sub 4^-A^sub 4^-D^sub 4^-A^sub 4^. Here we see that the fundamental (normal quarter note notation, ...) and the second harmonic ([diamonds]) alternate in both, being below Fl for D^sub 4^ and both being above Fl for A^sub 4^. …


Objective To evaluate the growth inhibition of human gastric carcinoma cell lines SGC 7901 in vitro and the expression of bcl-2, bcl 2112 and bax with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Methods The effect of DHA and 5-FU was measured by trypan blue, and the interaction between two agents was judged by combination index ( CI ). Cells were observed by inverted microscope. Flow cytometry was used for analysis of apoptosis by PI staining and Annexin-V/PI. RT-PCR was used to analyze the levels of bcl-2, bcl 2112 and bax mRNA. Results DHA significantly inhibited the growth of SGC 7901 cells in a dose- and time-dependent way ( P 〈 0. 05 ), the IC50 of 24 h and 48 h was 67.81μg/ml and 45.76 μg/ml, and a strong synergism was found in the combination of DHA and 5-FU (CI 〈 1 ,P 〈0. 01 ). Treated by DHA and 5-FU for 48 h, cells became sparse under inverted microscope. DHA or 5-FU was able to induce apoptosis and the effect became even more significant by the combination of DHA and 5-FU. Cells were holted in phase of G0/G1 and S. RT-PCR showed that DHA or 5-FU downregulated the expression of bcl-2 and bcl 2112 mRNA, while bax mRNA expression was not downregulated. Conclusions DHA could inhibit the growth of gastric carcinoma cells, DHA and 5-FU had synergetic effect in the inhibition of the cells growth and blockage of the cell cycles possibly by down-regulating the expression of bcl-2 and bcl 2112.

Key words:
Stomach neoplasms ;  Docosahexaenoic acids ;  Fluorouracil ;  Apoptosis ;  Gene expression


Unfavourable conditions determining the ecological state of water resources in Ulyanovsk region have been studied. It is ascertained that the Chernobyl APS hazard predetermined the need to control the radio-active water resources contamination. It is pointed out that the problem of impact of the radio-active centres pollution on the population health in Ulyanovsk region requires further ecological research.


In this report, two patients with essential thrombocythemia and somatic mutations in the gene encoding calreticulin but no mutations in the Janus kinase 2 gene had a response to interferon alfa therapy.


Growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by metal-catalyzed thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) upon flat silicon substrates is studied as a function of growth temperature. It is found that the CNT growth rate at a given temperature is constant for a certain amount of growth time, after which growth ceases; the product of the growth rate and the growth time gives the ultimate length of the CNTs. Both the growth rate and the growth time are found to depend on the CVD temperature, and this dependence is such that the ultimate CNT length increases as temperature decreases; that is, longer CNTs can be grown at lower temperatures than at higher temperatures. This surprising and counter-intuitive result reflects the interaction of competing factors affecting the CNT growth:  the rate at which carbon is incorporated into growing CNTs versus the rate at which catalytic metal particles become inactive. Both of these rates are found to have an Arrhenius form of temperature dependence, with activation energies of 2.0 a...


Language is essential in humans' lives; it is what takes to differentiate between animals and humans, it is what we use to understand ourselves. Upon all its status in human life, people are still crying of language disappearance, because many died and some are endangered. There are some questions that supposed to be asked, but only few were raised. We tried to look at major areas such as: the importance of languages, the statistics of languages, what really caused the endangerment, and a way out (solution). Though, the issue is very vast, but we tried and narrowed ourselves down to the minimal level just not to confuse readers.


Objective To evaluate the curative effect and safety of velvet feeling on contact dermatitis of face.Methods 117 patients were divided randomly into treatment group(60 cases) and control group(57 cases).The cases of treatment group received velvet feeling,and the cases of control group received 3% boric acid solution combined with hydrocortisone butyrate cream.Both groups were treated with loratadine(Clarityne) 10mg per day for 1 weeks.Results The efficiency rate was 86.66% for the treatment group,and 84.21% for the control group,with no statistically significant.Conclusion Velvet feeling is effective and safe on contact dermatitis of face.


Author(s): Gagnon-Bartsch, Tristan Michael | Advisor(s): Rabin, Matthew | Abstract: This dissertation explores economic implications of misinferring from others' behavior. The first two chapters study misinference in models of social learning. They explore in turn two distinct inferential errors: (1) taste projection---the tendency for people to overestimate how similar others' tastes are to their own, and (2) redundancy neglect---people fail to realize that those acting before them also infer from the behavior of predecessors. The final chapter draws out the implications of taste projection in auctions. More specifically, within social-learning environments, Chapter 1 explores the implications of "taste projection": agents overestimate how common is their own taste. For instance, investors with varied risk preferences learn which prospect minimizes risk and which maximizes expected return. Inference requires agents to assess if surprising action frequencies are likely provoked by uncommon tastes or contrary private information. Taste projectors miscalculate these odds. In settings where rational agents correctly learn their optimal choice, projection stops some or all from ever learning the right choice. Long-run beliefs and behavior are determined by a player's taste, the degree of all players' biases, and the nature of uncertainty. First, when each thinks her taste is most common, society comes to believe a single action is best for all, irrespective of whether this is true. Second, when the bias is weaker, social beliefs and behavior perpetually cycle---history never provides a clear message about the optimal choice. Third, when quality is highly uncertain, popularity due to taste is systematically over-attributed to quality. Finally, this form of biased learning can exacerbate and perpetuate a false-consensus effect: if people neglect differences in perceptions when learning about the distribution of tastes from others' choices, then a small initial bias eventually leads all types to think their own taste is most common. For contrast, I also characterize rational learning among Bayesian agents with taste-dependent beliefs over the distribution of preferences.Across a range of social-learning settings, Chapter 2 follows Eyster and Rabin (2010) in studying the implications of agents who neglect the redundancy in information when learning from others. Players naively think each predecessor's action reflects solely that person's private information. We explore new implications that arise in environments richer than ER's canonical binary-state setting. Whereas in both classical learning models and ER society will with positive probability come to believe the true state, we characterize a set of states that agents will always come to disbelieve even when true. Typically when the truth lies in this set, society will "unlearn": an early generation learns the truth, but society's beliefs move away and converge to wrong beliefs. Society only remains confident in those hypotheses such that the behavior observed when people are fully confident in the hypothesis most closely resembles the behavior we'd see by privately informed agents if that hypothesis were true. We provide specific implications of these principles. First, in cases where options such as restaurants or stocks have independent quality, people form polarized beliefs---they come to believe that the best option is the best it could be and that all lesser options are the worst they could be. Second, in an investment setting, polarized perceptions lead investors to allocate all their wealth to a single prospect, generating a welfare loss through under-diversification. Third, agents generally overestimate the extent of private information in the economy. Chapter 3 explores how taste projection affects bidding in auctions. We consider auctions for a good with both private- and common-value elements. We model projection by assuming bidders with higher private values perceive a distribution of valuations that first-order stochastically dominates the perception of those with lesser private values. Those with low private values perceive a distribution shifted to the left whereas those with high private values perceive one shifted to the right. We draw out the implications of this assumption in first- and second-price sealed-bid auctions and English auctions. When the good has only private value, projection leads players to misperceive the extent of competition. This induces overbidding, on average, in first-price auctions, but has no effect in second-price or English auctions. If the good also has some common-value component, players draw inference about others' signals from their equilibrium bids. No matter the auction format, projection leads to distorted inference that reduces efficiency. The probability the player with the highest value receives the good is decreasing in the extent of projection.


In this paper a robust nonlinear model predictive controller based on state estimation for rigid n-link robot is designed. The control law is based on prediction model, which is carried out via Taylor series expansion. The optimal control is computed directly from the minimization of receding horizon cost function. There is no need to an online optimization. A disturbance observer is designed to deal with system uncertainties such as unknown external disturbances, unmodeled quantities and parametric uncertainties. Two methods are used to treat uncertainties estimation. The most known one is designed on basis of the theory of guaranteed stability of uncertain systems. Then, an estimation based on model predictive control law is carried out. Compared to the first method, this observer can eliminate the steady errors and enhances the robustness of the control scheme. This is due to the integral action occurred in the observer structure. The control law is carried out with state estimation through a nonlinear state observer. The global stability closed loop system (robot + controller + state observer) is proved analytically via Lyapunov stability theory. The performance of the control scheme is tested for the two link rigid robot.


The primary goal of this paper is to provide an overview of the use of statistical methods in corpus linguistics in the hope that readers will be able to, after having read this chapter, understand original corpus-linguistic research studies and their methodological choices and can begin to consider choices for their own applications; a secondary goal is to augment the overview with some necessarily subjective and critical discussion and suggestions for ways current research practices might be improved. In Section 2, I discuss a range of specifically corpus-linguistic statistics having to do with frequency, dispersion, and association and I show at least briefly how these notions can be measured/operationalized statistically and some of the concerns and pitfalls users need to be aware of. In Section 3, I


arc supposed to achieve. Such a strategy may bring in some dividends in the short run' hut can be disastrous over a longer period. Unfortunately, most of the political parties in opposition have paid no more attention to the basic reasons for the problems facing the country than those whom they criticise. Some of them give the impression that the most important problems to be faced now are related to particular personalities, or to symptoms of social malaisesuch as corruption or to side-issues such as prohibition and cow-slaughter. It is, however, necessary to go deeper into the reasons for 'he economic and social crisis in the country and try to understand what is responsible for the eclipse of sound liberal and moral values. This is the least that can be expected in a country which won its freedom under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru and whose motto still is ''Sathyameva Jayate".


: "Red Studies" is a new type of education method, which combines "field investigation" and "practice", so that students can better understand and comprehend history, thereby improving the effectiveness of learning. This paper makes a preliminary exploration of the significance and function of "Red Studies" for students to carry out labor practice activities. On the basis of analyzing the definition, characteristics and significance of labor practice, this paper discusses how Red Studies, as a living classroom form, promotes students to carry out labor practice and cultivates students' practical ability and sense of social responsibility. This article compares with the traditional education model in three aspects of student participation, student achievement and student satisfaction. After comparison and verification, it is found that the average participation rate of students in the Red Studies mode is 92.8%, which is much higher than that of students in the traditional education mode. Moreover, the grades of students under the Red Studies mode are generally relatively stable, with an average score of 92 points; in terms of satisfaction, the average student satisfaction under the Red Studies mode (93.6%) is significantly higher than that of the traditional education mode (66.6%). Finally, this paper also points out the current problems and challenges of red studies, and looks forward to its future development prospects.


To compensate the parametric uncertainty and to realize the global asymptotic position tracking, an adaptive controller based on the integrator backstepping method is designed. Then the simulation model of the permanent magnet synchronous motor control system is established using Matlab and simulation is carried out. The results show that the filter position tracking error of the system adopting the designed controller converge to zero exponentially fast, and that this system is robust to the load disturbances.


Practice Led Case Study This case study tests the theory that introducing the flipped classroom (and flipped learning) at level six will mean that students struggle to engage with a subject taught this way, because students find it harder to learn away from established teaching methods. This is based on the logic that exposing students to this style of independent learning earlier in their degrees means they are able to adapt when moving between traditional teaching. This study has been tested over five weeks of teaching to level six law students who have limited exposure to the flipped classroom and flipped learning, and level four law students who have been exposed to these teaching styles in their first term.  It is relevant to the theme of Differences between views because it examines how students who have been taught through traditional academic practice react to technology enhanced teaching. It is also relevant to Opportunities because it promotes the flipped classroom and flipped learning. Adopting the definition of flipped learning from the Flipped Learning Network (FLN, 2014), the pedagogical approach I have taken is to direct students to adopt independent learning prior to group lectures. The traditional lecture has been modified (Penner 1984) and students have been required to watch narrated presentations in Panopto prior to the group lectures in order to maximise the opportunity for questioning and discussion (Hyman 1980). This has resulted in shorter twenty-minute guided sessions, mixed with meaningful learning activities ensuring that students have have to think about what they were doing (Bonwell &Elson, 1991). The idea was to encourage deeper learning with the subject (Bergmann & Sams 2012) through a learner-centred environment. An understanding of whether introducing the flipped classroom early or later in a student's academic career would be a useful addition to the existing literature on the subject. The success of the flipped classroom and flipped learning is dependent on the level of student engagement. If students do not undertake independent learning the ability to test their understanding and ask questions in the group lecture is limited. To be informed as to whether the year of study is a relevant factor would assist in the development of the flipped classroom. The evaluation for this case study has been carried out through a two-part questionnaire. The first part focused on the use of the flipped classroom and how it had affected students learning for the first topic. The second part focused on the student learning experience overall for both topics and how they had engaged through the flipped classroom and flipped learning. The results have undermined my theory and suggest that level six students were more engaged with their learning and encouraged to work independently as a result of this style of teaching. From this study, I am drawn to the conclusion that the year of study does appear to be a relevant factor to consider when introducing the flipped classroom and flipped learning and is one which could potentially require further examination. Participant engagement and interaction This case study seeks to start a discussion on when to flip the classroom in the context of providing effective teaching and learning for students. The author will actively seek to draw on participant experience in this area, to understand whether introducing the flipped concept is reliant on the learner being flexible to learn with both traditional and technology enhanced teaching styles. References Bergmann J & Sams A (2012) Flip Your Classroom: Reach Every Student in Every Class Every Day. International Society for Technology in Education Bonwell, C.C., and J. A. Elson, (1991) "Active Learning: Creating Excitement in the Classroom," ASHEERIC Higher Education Report No. 1, George Washington University, Washington, DC. Flipped Learning Network (FLN) (2014) The Four Pillars of F-L-I-P Hyman Ronald T, (1980) Improving Discussion Leadership. New York: Columbia University Teachers College Press Penner Jon G, (1984) Why Many College Teachers Cannot Lecture. Springfield: Charles C Thomas


Tumors were induced in the small intestine, forestomach, and lungs of strain A/jax mice by feeding olive oil emulsions containing 20-methylcholanthrene. Histochemical methods were used to determine the occurrence and distribution of acid and alkaline phosphatase in the tissues of the mice. The tumors generally showed a complete absence of alkaline phosphatase and widely varying quantities of acid phosphatase in the cytoplasm of the individual cells. Tumors of the small intestine and forestomach showed a high concentration of alkaline phosphatase in the submucosal zone immediately beneath the neoplasm. No enzyme changes from normal were detected in lesions considered histologically to be premalignant. Some groups of mice were fed iron choline citrate or ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, tetrasodium salt in addition to 20-methylcholanthrene. These substances produced no effect on the rate of growth or numbers of tumors induced, nor on the acid and alkaline phosphatase reactions.


An important aspect of the construction of new power system is the construction of new generation collection system. This paper summarizes the architecture of a new generation electricity information acquisition system, analyzes its construction status and domestic and overseas typical application scenarios under the "double-carbon" targets. It also studies the key technologies such as big data processing, container, data communication, harmonic measurement, etc., from the four dimensions of "Cloud, Tube, Edge and End" .This paper focuses on the future development direction of the future system, such as accurate load control, low voltage distributed photovoltaic prediction, electric vehicles vehicle to grid, AI data analysis, etc.


The stages of liquid-liquid extraction development are considered in the article. The using of the ionic liquid systems brings extraction back to well-known type of systems with limited solubility of two liquids. Ionic liquids convert the extraction into safe and ecological process.


Source separation is a useful technology for improving the benefit from hearing aids. However, most of the existing approaches to evaluating source separation rely on computational methods, and do not consider the effect of the algorithm on the end user. We seek to address this mismatch by quantifying the benefit of two state-of-the-art deep neural network (DNN) based source separation techniques, in terms of actual speech intelligibility benefits evaluated via subjective listening tests with 15 hearing impaired (HI) listeners, as well as more established computational metrics by which most source separation algorithms are currently compared. We present here our proposed source separation approach which is a novel application of the 'Convolutional Recurrent Neural Network' (CRNN) deep learning architecture, and compare it with feedforward deep neural network (FDNN) approach. We evaluate these approaches on two talker mixtures from Danish hearing in noise test (HINT) database. We are particularly interested in speech separation in this work as the hearing-impaired listeners have problems understanding speech in the presence of one or more competing voices.


Educational integration and job opportunities represent an ongoing concern for young people.

From the interviews of the main investigation  arise that the young have confronted various periods of exclusion from both the labour market and school.

The aim of this work is to deepen the concept of the "Ni Ni" young people (those who neither study nor work). And, after giving a voice and listening carefully to a group of students at night secondary schools in Viedma (Rio Negro, Argentina), contribute to their characterisation and estimate the reasons why they are in that
situation.

Setting aside from the preconceptions and the personal responsibility of the situation in which they are, we have analised the factors that influence such phenomenon.

As well as the interviews, other documents have been used: the National Youth Survey for 2014 and the INDEC Permanent Household Survey (2011, 2012, 2013), all of them from Argentina.

Among the various sources, data triangulation has been carried out.


This paper presents the results of a survey of economics bloggers. The survey attempted to assess the characteristics of these bloggers, their blogging activity, and factors affecting their motivations for blogging. Based on the results, bloggers are also separated into groups of academics and non-academics, and those with and without commercial elements on their blogs, and differences in activity and motivations between these groups are tested for. The relationship between time spent and blog posts written is also estimated.


Urban waste management poses problems in all cities of the world, but it also provides
opportunities for innovative resource use. The Thesis begins by defining the waste
management problem of Nairobi in context and then analytically reviews the
international status of waste management, contrasting the circumstances in developed
economies with those in Tropical Africa. An investigation of household refuse in
Nairobi, exploring its embodied energy and its value for composting follows as the
focus of the Thesis. Typical households were surveyed in relation to their waste
management behaviour and agricultural activities. An attempt was made to analyse the
physical and chemical composition of household refuse as well as its energy value. In
addition to household surveys, a senior local government official and waste disposal
crews were interviewed in order to ascertain current policies and management
practices in the handling of waste. Particular attention was paid to the Eastlands area
of the City. Ways in which refuse is incorporated into the food and energy cycles were
identified. Among the important factors discerned are the role of family structure and
the economic position of households. The validity of the research is discussed and
recommendations are made for the future of waste management in relation to energy
and food production in Nairobi. The findings of the research should have wide
application in other African countries.


We describe a photocatalytic system that elicits potent photoreductant activity from conventional photocatalysts by leveraging radical anion intermediates generated in situ. The combination of an isophthalonitrile photocatalyst and sodium formate promotes diverse aryl radical coupling reactions from abundant but difficult to reduce aryl chloride substrates. Mechanistic studies reveal two parallel pathways for substrate reduction both enabled by a key terminal reductant byproduct, carbon dioxide radical anion.


This report describes a successful treatment with megestrol acetate in a child with persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy (PHHI). An 8‐y‐old child with PHHI treated with octreotide had marked impairment of appetite sensation and feeding skills. Within 3 wk of starting megestrol acetate (8 mg/kg/d) to stimulate her appetite, she had a significant improvement. By 1 y postinitiation, she had acquired age‐appropriate eating habits. The megestrol acetate caused hyperglycemia, necessitating the discontinuation of all other therapy for her hypoglycemia. Her height growth remained normal but she was found to have asymptomatic adrenal suppression.


Diabetes mellitus is a worldwide metabolic disorder with a rapidly increasing incidence. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) has estimated the number of patients with diabetes to be 415 million in 2015. The IDF also expected that the number of diabetic patients will increase to 642 million by 2040[1]. The currently used therapeutic options for the management of diabetes has their own limitations. Therefore, there is a greater need for safe and effective alternative anti-diabetic agents[1]. Flavonoids are a diverse group of polyphenolic compounds present in fruits, flowers and leaves of plants. This class of natural compounds is known to have potential benefits in human health[12]. Flavonoids act by modulating oxidative stress and inflammation. We carried out several studies in our laboratory to examine the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and hepatoprotective activities of specific flavonoids[3-9]. Hesperidin is an inexpensive flavone glycoside (Figure 1) abundant in citrus fruits and isolated from the ordinary orange Citrus aurantium L. and other plants of the Family Rutaceae[10]. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies provide evidence that hesperidin possesses beneficial effects for the prevention and treatment of diabetes. In this context, we have reported the potential anti-diabetic effects of hesperidin both in vitro[8] and in vivo[4]. Hesperidin supplementation potentially regulated the activities of glycolytic and gluconeogenic enzymes and attenuated hyperglycemia in db/db C57BL6 mice[11] and high fat diet/streptozotocin (HFD/ STZ)-induced diabetic rats[4]. This compound has been reported to up-regulate peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), hepatic glucokinase and adipocyte glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4)[7,8,12,13].


We report on our numerical studies of the Axelrod model for social influence in small-world networks. Our simulation results show that the topology of the network has a crucial effect on the evolution of cultures. As the randomness of the network increases, the system undergoes a transition from a highly fragmented phase to a uniform phase. We also find that the power-law distribution at the transition point, reported by Castellano et al, is not a critical phenomenon; it exists not only at the onset of transition but also for almost any control parameters. All these power-law distributions are stable against perturbations. A mean-field theory is developed to explain these phenomena.


A 40 m high brick chimney is demolished by the directional blasting with TNT aggregate charging. The blasting technology, parameters and implementation method for demolishing the chimney are introduced.


Abstract : A study was conducted to develop optimum theoretical warhead design criteria. Weight, diameter and length constraints were considered based on a solid cylinder with no end confinement. End effects were also considered and treated using correction factors in the form of exponential functions of length- to-diameter ratios. Using these parameters, three general qualitative conclusions were drawn: (1) the greater the warhead length, the greater its initial fragment kinetic energy, (2) the mathematical models developed indicate that the optimum charge-to-metal mass ratio (C/M) is greater than 1.4 and that a decreased length-to-diameter ratio results in higher optimum C/Ms; and (3) optimum warhead case material, from the standpoint of initial fragment kinetic energy, is a function of warhead weight, length and diameter. (Author)


The present invention relates to a profiled clamp having a bottom portion and a side portion facing radially inwardly. Tightening clamp using the apparatus, the two ends of the tightening clamp means are connected to each other. Clip having a first portion and a second portion at least in the circumferential direction. A first portion having a first attachment geometry at least in a side portion and a second portion having a second attachment geometry at at least one side portion. A first connector and a second connector geometry geometry joined to each other.


Abstract In 2019, the Business Roundtable changed its long-standing commitment to shareholder wealth maximization in favor of stakeholder capitalism. Business schools tend to teach the shareholder view in finance courses and the stakeholder view in business ethics courses. Given the increasing popularity of stakeholder capitalism, is it time for business educators—whether teaching finance or business ethics—to abandon the shareholder approach in favor of stakeholder capitalism? The author examines the shareholder wealth maximization and stakeholder capitalism approaches and trends in socially responsible investing. The article concludes with a proposed harmonization of the shareholder and stakeholder views.


The use of galaxy clusters as cosmological probes often relies on understanding the properties and evolution of the intracluster medium (ICM). However, the ICM is a complex plasma, regularly stirred by mergers and feedback, with non-negligible bulk and turbulent motions and a non-thermal pressure component, making it difficult to construct a coherent and comprehensive picture. To this end, we use the fable simulations to investigate how the hydrostatic mass bias is affected by mergers, turbulence, and feedback. Following in detail a single, massive cluster we find the bias varies significantly over cosmic time, rarely staying at the average value found at a particular epoch. Variations of the bias at a given radius are contemporaneous with periods where outflows dominate the mass flux, either due to mergers or interestingly, at high redshift, AGN feedback. The z = 0 ensemble median mass bias in fable is ∼13 per cent at R500 and ∼15 per cent at R200, but with a large scatter in individual values. In halo central regions, we see an increase in temperature and a decrease in non-thermal pressure support with cosmic time as turbulence thermalises, leading to a reduction in the mass bias within ∼0.2 R200. When using a fitted pressure profile, instead of the simulation data, to estimate the bias, we find there can be significant differences, particularly at larger radii and higher redshift. We therefore caution over the use of such fits in future work when comparing with the next generation of X-ray and SZ observations.


During the current SARS-COV-2 pandemic, the scientific approach is os- tensibly unable to keep up with the rapid pace at which the crisis is spreading. After developing a research idea, it usually takes years to publish the results. Now, however, things need to move faster. One more reason to embrace open scientifice practices.


Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute systemic vasculitis occurring during childhood. It could be associated with persistent heart defects such as coronary artery aneurysms (CAA). During pregnancy, there is a theoretical high risk of full myocardial infarction and sudden death. Guidelines do not exist but case report studies found in the literature show that these pregnancies could have a good maternal and fetal outcome dependent upon a careful follow pre-conceptional counselling is important for evaluating the cardiological risk factors. Maternal cardiovascular complications are rare when anticoagulation therapy is given. Low dose aspirin is safe and prescribed to patients with coronary aneurysms. For the management of labour and delivery, assisted second stage of labour with locoregional anesthesia is recommended. C-sections should be offered only to patients with severe cardiological conditions or for obstetrical reasons. In conclusion, multidisciplinary team management of pregnant patients with KD sequellae remains a challenge but is essential for a favourable outcome of the pregnancy.


Combined UV−vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and Raman spectroscopy were applied to examine the electronic and molecular structures, respectively, of well-defined W(VI) bulk mixed oxide reference compounds consisting of (i) isolated WO4 or WO6 monomers, (ii) dimeric O3W−O−WO3, (iii) polymeric chain of alternating WO4/WO6 units, and (iv) WO6-coordinated W9−W18 clusters. Raman spectroscopy was employed to confirm the identity and phase purity of the different tungsten oxide structures. UV−vis DRS provided the corresponding electronic edge energy (Eg) of the ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) transitions of the W(VI) cations. A correlation between the edge energy and the number of covalent bridging W−O−W bonds around the central W(VI) cation was found with Eg linearly decreasing with increasing number of bridging W−O−W bonds. However, a direct relationship between Eg and the domain size, NW, for finite WOx clusters does not exist. Subsequently, UV−vis and Raman spectroscopy information were app...


Project management's fundamental concern is to effectively manage its triple constraints throughout the life cycle of a project to maximize productivity. At the same timework environment is considered a key feature, which influences the framework of project management. The present study assesses the impact of the work environment on the triple constraints (Scope, Time and Cost) of projects in the IT industry. The theoretical framework comprises Remuneration, Job Satisfaction, Job Security, and Working Hours as components of work environment and triple constraints as the dependent variable. Three hundred Project Managers across a number of IT firms have been approached, out of which 279 have responded to the questionnaire. The measurement tool has been developed by the researcher except for one construct, which has been adopted, followed by a pilot study. Inferential statistics have been applied to test the data. The study concludes that all project managers view a flexible and conducive work environment as bearing a strong relationship with the triple constraint of project management.


The main objective behind the creation of the Tourism Satellite Account of Mexico (CSTM) was the need to have access to macro-economic information in support of the strategic management of Mexico's tourist development, so as to provide greater efficiency in the programming, analysis and decision-making processes for an increasingly dynamic tourism sector that is in full expansion and developing in an openly competitive and global context. This article examines the steps taken to develop and establish the CSTM, the results obtained and the main achievements and limitations of the satellite account, within the framework of the System of National Accounts, in respect to tourism policy and the tourism sector in general. It concludes by looking at the future use and applications of the CSTM.


Orientation: Workplace bullying has detrimental effects on employee well-being. Emotional intelligence may moderate the relationship between workplace bullying and flourishing.Research purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the nature of the relationship between workplace bullying and flourishing and to investigate the moderating role of emotional intelligence in the workplace bullying–flourishing relationship.Motivation for the study: There is a paucity of studies exploring the moderating role of personal resources such as emotional intelligence in the relationship between workplace bullying and flourishing.Research approach/design and method: The study used a cross-sectional design, quantitative approach and a convenience sampling method. Employees from a higher education institution (N = 1102) participated in this research. Descriptive, correlation and moderation analysis was used to analyse the data.Main findings: The results showed that there was a significant negative relationship between workplace bullying and flourishing. Emotional intelligence significantly moderated the relationship between workplace bullying and flourishing.Practical/managerial implications: Organisations should develop and/or strengthen the level of emotional intelligence in employees in order to reduce the negative effect of workplace bullying on well-being.Contribution/value-add: The findings of this research contribute to the limited body of research investigating personal resources such as emotional intelligence as a moderator in the bullying-well-being relationship.


spouse' (49). Therefore, even when churches openly acknowledge single Christians, they are still isolated. In her analysis, Andronovienė points to wider Western cultural norms, which the church inhabits, that mean singleness is too often stigmatised. She registers that standards for happiness for women depend on the extent to which self-development, motherhood, and coupledom are achieved. In particular, it is the hegemonic 'boy meets girl'modern romance; sex as the dominant way love is appropriated; and the skewed perception that biblical narratives present a fixed, stable, heteronormative family life that means singledom is singled-out. Her assessment that the obsession with marriage, usually depicted as the most worthy form of Christian relationship and the epitome of love and partnership, has been detrimental to other practices, is refreshing and bold. Moreover, dislodging this preoccupation could have implications for other 'convictional clashes' around same-sex partnerships and marriage in other denominations. Instead, to cultivate the practice of singleness (168), Andronovienė turns to friendship, an underused trope in theology. Friendship, following Alasdair McIntyre's observation that it is essential for living well, is key to forming communities that are constituted through mutual convictions, but remain 'porous' and thereby inclusive (218). Relying on friendship to enable the happiness of single believers (and the Church at large), as connected selves in community (Chapter 6), could be too safe and anodyne. But here, Andronovienė is careful to make clear that while friendship comprises virtues such as commitment, particularity, mutuality, and vulnerability, it is a struggle. No more so than in her discussion of 'suffering-love', where she avoids the pitfalls of valorising sufferance and focuses on its capacity to prompt altruistic action in Church life. This is a rich interdisciplinary work of practical theology that draws on ethics, feminist theology, sociology, technology, and cultural studies. It rightly identifies that single believers, especially women, are overlooked (Kristin Aune, a key voice in this book, is perhaps an exception) and Andronovienė's vision of the Church as an embodied and hospitable community of practice has much wider geographic and denominational resonance than the Baptist, Eastern and Central European context on which the book is primarily based. Ultimately, Transforming the Struggles of Tamars is optimistic but it does issue a cautionary message: by neglecting singleness, Churches are not only in danger of losing the single women that comprise much of their membership, but crucially they fall short of offering sufficient pastoral care and thereby risk the holistic flourishing of their faith communities.


A new type of three-component reaction to achieve the synthesis of a series of N-ethoxymethylated heterocyclic compounds in high regioselectivity is reported.


A new method was proposed to solve match and segmentation problem of ultrasonography of the fetus brain for screen the fetal brain malformations. First, obtaining the gray value of the brain of skull, lateral ventricle (LV), and cerebella hemisphere (CH) based on the image process. Then, index of the each parts gray value scope of the health fetus brain important regions were calculated by using the edge detection based random ellipse detection (RED), using the level set method for the segmentations in tested tissues. Mean values of all datasets were calculated and a standard model were established. This standard model can be used to match the gray level of the undiagnosed groups in order to screen the fetal brain malformations. The propose method gets encouraging result of the application in 3 fetuses with hydrocephalus.


A method for forming on a substrate (108; 214) a pattern of a material, the method comprising: providing (S100) a material layer (104); providing (S104, S106) an adhesive layer (106), wherein at least one of the material layer (104) or the adhesive layer (106) comprises a pattern corresponding to the pattern to be formed on the substrate (108; 214); and transferring (S108) the material to the substrate (108; 214) with the adhesive fixing the material to a surface (110; 216) of the substrate (108; 214). This solves the problem of forming on a substrate a pattern of a material that, in general, cannot be applied to the substrate directly due to the fact that the material cannot be printed and/or has no or reduced adherence properties with respect to the substrate.


A timeout threshold estimation algorithm is proposed which apply in mimic defense systems to reduce the waiting time when timeout is happened. It is inspired by the fact that there is a linear relationship in task execution time of a set of heterogeneous executors in mimic defense systems. Experiment results show that our algorithm can generate a specific timeout threshold for each task with high computational efficiency and is particularly suitable for the scene in which the number of arriving tasks changes drastically.


This volume analyzes food security issues such as agricultural policy, global agricultural trade, international agricultural research and development, biotechnology, climate change, food waste, and nutrition guidelines.


Abstract Seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) is a method introduced by Zellner (1962) for estimating several regression equations simultaneously, a common and important problem in econometrics. This article considers hypothesis testing in SUR using the log-likelihood ratio (LLR) test. Although the asymptotic distribution of this statistic is well known, substantial departures occur in samples of the size commonly employed by economists. Significance levels given by the use of this asymptotic distribution are too low, sometimes by an order of magnitude, leading to the rejection of too many true null hypotheses. A common approach to this problem is to use a Bartlett (1937) adjustment to the LLR statistic, in which the test statistic is multiplied by a factor derived from second-order asymptotics before it is referred to the asymptotic χ2(q) distribution. This article proposes that the Bartlett adjustment factor be computed using Efron's bootstrap (1979, 1982). In the cases examined, this leads to more accu...


Abstract : The Air Force has devoted significant energy, effort and financial resources to improve its force protection efforts since the June 1996 Khobar Towers attack. Despite these efforts, there remains room for additional improvement. The most visible aspect of force protection is physical security, and this area has received the most attention in Air Force force protection efforts. Physical security is important, but it does not override the role of force protection intelligence. In order to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of our force protection efforts, we must be able to collect and analyze information on potential terrorists, saboteurs or other force protection threats in any location where Air Force resources and personnel operate. In this paper, I examine the role of intelligence and counterintelligence (CI) in force protection, and provide suggestions for improving the Air Force's ability to detect, analyze, and investigate force protection threats. I first suggest the Air Force must clarify the roles of Air Force Intelligence and CI in force protection, and produce comprehensive CI doctrine. Secondly, I discuss the need to increase the presence of Air Force CI personnel in major US cities and key foreign areas. I also offer proposals to increase the number of Air Force personnel engaged in CI collection activities. Finally, I discuss the need for the Air Force to clearly assign responsibility for the analysis of force protection intelligence, and develop force protection analytical cells at the Headquarters Air Force, major command, and numbered Air Force levels.


There is increasing impetus to justify decisions about the inclusion of health technology and services in the public health plans using economic evaluation. This health economic technique assesses the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) which is the comparison of costs and health gains (usually in terms of Quality-Adjusted Life Year or QALY) of one healthcare intervention with another. Although there is still controversy about the decision rule regarding the ICER threshold that will justify the public support for certain health intervention, many public health authorities in Asia have adopted (Korea and Thailand) or express their serious interest (Japan and Malaysia) in the use of economic evaluation for health resource allocation. In this study, we investigated international research on value for a QALY, especially the recent attempt made in Asia: Japan, Korea, Malaysia and Thailand, i.e. the social value of the QALY across Asian settings. This study also suggests a practical approach in determining the social value of the QALY using household survey across Asia. A household survey questionnaire was developed in collaboration with Asian researchers abroad (Yot Teerawattananon and Montarat Thavorncharoensap from Thailand; Takeshi Fukuda, Takeru Shiroiwa, and Ataru Igalashi from Japan; Asrul Akmal Shafie from Malaysia). Based on EQ-5D quality of life years (QALY) scenarios, willingness to pay (WTP) for 28 patterns (7 baseline health states including terminal illness times two QALY incremental gains times two intervention types ? treatment or prevention) will be solicited by visual analog scale (VAS) and time trade off (TTO) methods. Starting from Japanese pilot test in November 2011, each country will perform pilot test based on this questionnaire by mid 2012 and the fine tuned final questionnaire will be developed and will be used in the main survey by the end of 2012.


This Innovations Deserving Exploratory Analysis (IDEA) project developed a surface plate type method for measuring the in-situ shear strength of asphalt pavements. The method involves applying a torque directly to the asphalt pavement surface and relating the maximum applied torque to the shear strength of the asphalt pavement layer. A preliminary design of a second-generation shear test device was prepared and evaluated. A framework for a set of analytical models to predict pavement performance based on field shear data was developed. Based on test results, the final design of the shear test device was developed and further refined. The final design system was then fabricated and shakedown testing was performed to ensure that all components of the test system functioned properly. Field testing of the prototype system continues on asphalt pavements in the U.S. and Canada.


In this paper, dynamic stress test of track, which has been done on testing department of Qin-shen passenger special line, is introduced. The effects on track resulting from high speed and a formula to calculate dynamic coefficient, as well as riding quality of rail, are obtained.


The transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) family channels are proposed to be essential for store-operated Ca2+ entry in endothelial cells. Ca2+ signaling is involved in NF-κB activation, but the role of store-operated Ca2+ entry is unclear. Here we show that thrombin-induced Ca2+ entry and the resultant AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation targets the Ca2+-independent protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ) to mediate NF-κB activation in endothelial cells. We observed that thrombin-induced p65/RelA, AMPK, and PKCδ activation were markedly reduced by knockdown of the TRPC isoform TRPC1 expressed in human endothelial cells and in endothelial cells obtained from Trpc4 knock-out mice. Inhibition of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase β downstream of the Ca2+ influx or knockdown of the downstream Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase β target kinase, AMPK, also prevented NF-κB activation. Further, we observed that AMPK interacted with PKCδ and phosphorylated Thr505 in the activation loop of PKCδ in thrombin-stimulated endothelial cells. Expression of a PKCδ-T505A mutant suppressed the thrombin-induced but not the TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation. These findings demonstrate a novel mechanism for TRPC channels to mediate NF-κB activation in endothelial cells that involves the convergence of the TRPC-regulated signaling at AMPK and PKCδ and that may be a target of interference of the inappropriate activation of NF-κB associated with thrombosis.


As an open penalty enforcement measures,non-custodial sentence,although does not result in a direct pain of denial,is always the pain compatible with the specific cases of penalties.The current application of non-custodial sentence in our country has been expanded,but still remains with slow paces compared to other countries.The reason for that is the lack of justice evaluation system,penalty enforcement system,supporting measures and so on.With the criminal policy shift and the perfection of supporting measures,there will be a rising trend of non-custodial sentence in future penalty application.


Suspended sediment from forested and agricultural watersheds was sampled over a five-year period on the island of Oahu. A variety of storm conditions were sampled, giving a measure of the extreme variability in suspended sediment production. Total annual suspended sediment from all watersheds sampled ranged from 8400 kg/km2 to 617,000 kg/km2. Normally, about 90 percent of the total suspended sediment was produced during less than 2 percent of the time. Suspended sediment concentrations rapidly increased during rising stream flow resulting from rain storms. Time to peak of less than two hours is common, with a similarly rapid return to prestorm conditions. The data presented indicate the great variability of suspended sediment yields, making establishment of effective standards difficult.


The aim of this study was to compare explosive power and sprinting performance between rural and urban elementary school boys and girls in tamilnadu. The sample consisted of 3000 (1500 urban and 1500 rural; Age 10.3 ± 0.42 years) boys and 3000 (1500 urban and 1500 rural; Age 10.3 ± 0.43 years) girls with no medical history of disease. Volunteers were recruited randomly from selected schools in ten municipal corporations of Tamilnadu. Urban and rural schools were selected randomly. The explosive power measured through vertical jump test and sprinting performance through 40 meters sprint were conducted on both boys and girls of rural and urban area elementary school. Independent-samples t tests revealed that explosive power and sprinting performance (p < 0.05) was significantly higher in boys living in rural settings compared to their urban counterparts. In girls, explosive power and sprinting performance was found to be significantly better (p < 0.05) in the rural children than urban. It is concluded that the place of residence has clear impact on explosive power and sprinting performance in 12 year old school children in tamilnadu.


Using the Hadamard-Caccioppoli global invertibility theorem we prove the existence and uniqueness of a problem of fluid flow in a porous medium assuming that the thermal conductivity and the viscosity depend on the temperature and on the pressure. A special case which can be reduced to the Riccati equation is also studied.


In this paper we consider the problem of recovering the free space of an indoor scene from its single image. We show that exploiting the box like geometric structure of furniture and constraints provided by the scene, allows us to recover the extent of major furniture objects in 3D. Our "boxy" detector localizes box shaped objects oriented parallel to the scene across different scales and object types, and thus blocks out the occupied space in the scene. To localize the objects more accurately in 3D we introduce a set of specially designed features that capture the floor contact points of the objects. Image based metrics are not very indicative of performance in 3D. We make the first attempt to evaluate single view based occupancy estimates for 3D errors and propose several task driven performance measures towards it. On our dataset of 592 indoor images marked with full 3D geometry of the scene, we show that: (a) our detector works well using image based metrics; (b) our refinement method produces significant improvements in localization in 3D; and (c) if one evaluates using 3D metrics, our method offers major improvements over other single view based scene geometry estimation methods.


The amount of energy used to generate compressed air in glassworks means even modest improvements in efficiency yield significant returns. We look at the assessment of potential energy savings in compressed air costs. We draw on experience gained from a number of investigations carried out by consultants Air technology in glassworks in Europe


Ewing's sarcoma generally arises from bones and soft tissues. Primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) and Ewing sarcoma constitute Ewing family of tumors. In International literature there have been rare reports of Ewing's sarcoma as either primary tumor of ovary or as metastatic disease involving ovary. No such case has yet been reported in Pakistan. Here a case is being presented who was diagnosed as Ewing's sarcoma of ovary. Workup showed no involvement of the bones.


This article tries to meditate about if the educational problem constitutes a didactic component of the Teaching Learning Process, starting from the analysis of its definition and its relationship with the other didactic components and elements that intervene in this process, without a complete answer to the interrogation that generates this article.


An analysis of all available experimental data of the mirror fusion reactions D(d,n)3He and D(d,p)3 H below 500 keV is presented. Account is taken of S-, P-, and D-waves in the input channels of the reactions. All 16 participating transition amplitudes are obtained by a fit to the experimental data. In accordance with refined resonating group calculations no suppression of quintet entrance-state transitions and therefore no neutron suppression in "polarized fusion" can be derived.


It is widely recognised that the effects of COVID-19 extend beyond the respiratory system. Moreover, there are an estimated 1.3 million people living with Long COVID (symptoms persisting beyond 12 weeks after infection) in the UK alone. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Power dissipation is a pressing problem for digital semiconductor technology. One promising power-reduction approach, known as energy recovery, is to recycle the charge used to represent each bit of data from one computation to the next. In contrast, conventional approaches dissipate all of the energy required to charge each bit's capacitance upon changing the bit's logical value.
This thesis explores fundamental energy vs. performance trade-offs by examining novel high-speed energy recovering circuits in the context of sequential computations. Since a key aspect of energy recovery is the design of a "power-clock" generator, that is, a circuit that efficiently aggregates and recycles (by translating voltage levels) the energy used to represent each bit of data, a substantial portion of this work is related to the generation of power-clock and the interaction between the energy recovering circuits and the power-clock generator.
We propose two different approaches to energy recovery. The first approach targets sequential computations that can be partitioned into a fine-grained linear pipeline, but whose data values exhibit little temporal redundancy. This approach has been validated with a 0.5 micron CMOS test chip that contained a full-custom energy recovering dynamic multiplier along with a balanced power-clock generator. The second approach targets general sequential computations, i.e., those that are better represented by a coarse-grained pipeline, but whose data values exhibit high temporal redundancy. This approach has been validated with a 0.25 micron CMOS test chip that contained a resonant clock generator and a synthesized ASIC core which included a novel standard-cell energy-recovering flip-flop.
This thesis demonstrates that energy recovery, when carefully matched to the requirements of the desired sequential computation, can substantially reduce power dissipation to a level well below that of conventional voltage-scaled static CMOS implementations of equal throughput. While energy recovery is not as easy to implement as conventional approaches, our work has demonstrated simple and robust solutions to most of the technique's implementation challenges. Our test-chips have validated these ideas, demonstrating correct operation at frequencies over 300MHz with efficiency of energy recovery exceeding 80%.


The present invention discloses a novel method for the preparation of recombinant human proteins expressed in human cells. Specifically, the present invention relates to novel methods for the preparation of human recombinant thrombin and human recombinant fibrinogen. Moreover, the method employs serum-free culturing conditions and therefore provides recombinant human proteins expressed in human cells of increased safety to the patient when used in human medical treatments. In addition, the immunogenic response to the recombinant human proteins expressed in human cells may be lower. Human recombinant thrombin is expressed in the human embryonic kidney 293 cell line and the protein can be prepared using two different routes, one starting from a point mutated prothrombin with gla and Kringle 1 and 2 domains, and maintaining these domains during the process; the other one starting with prothrombin (non-mutated), via a prethrombin with a HPC4-Kringle 2 domain and subjecting this prethrombin to a point mutation. Human recombinant fibrinogen is expressed in the human embryonic kidney 293 cell line.