The paper investigates the benefits of employing a Variable Data Rate (VDR) scheme in optical Low Earth Orbit (LEO) Direct-to-Earth (DTE) links at system level. In contrast to the Constant Data Rate (CDR) transmission approach adopted in current systems of the kind, the VDR scheme allows to optimize the data rate of the optical link within a satellite pass. Indeed, both the link budget and the atmospheric effects heavily depend on the satellite elevation angle, which varies significantly within a satellite pass. In order to thoroughly carry out the system level comparison between VDR and CDR, the paper first addresses all necessary aspects involved, including channel modeling, waveform and interleaver dimensioning, and link budget issues. For the scenario evaluated in the paper, the average throughput improvement of VDR versus CDR is found to be 100%. The paper also addresses interesting trade-offs concerning possible concepts of operations (ConOps) of the link once the VDR is in place. This preliminary work will be followed up by the Agency with further industrialized technology developments and system refinements.


To study the features of resonant oscillations in the water column of the Peter the Great Gulf of the Sea of Japan, in situ measurements were carried out on its shelf, combined with numerical simulation of these processes. The observational data were obtained from autonomous bottom pressure gauges in Novik Bay in the winter of 2016. In the calculations, a spectral-difference model was used, modified to account for the ice cover, and implemented on an irregular triangular grid. The atmospheric forcing used in the model had periods from 15 to 55 min. As a result, characteristic series of spatio-temporal parameters for resonant oscillations of the studied water area were determined. The locations of the peaks on the simulated resonance curves correspond to the locations of well-defined maxima of the energy spectrum according to in situ measurements, hence indicating the possibility of a significant resonant amplification of level fluctuations by wave and periodic wind effects. The novelty of this study is inclusion of the winter period, when the surface of the bay is partially covered with ice.


The paper proposes a draft re-edition of the Dictionary of Russian Old Timer Dialects of the Middle of the Ob River Basin (1964-1967) and two supplements to it (1975 Pt. 1-2, 1983-1986) in order to use it as a basis for a new dictionary with new lexical-phraseological material from the published Middle Ob dictionaries of different types. These include explanatory dictionaries of the Middle Ob (11 volumes), the two-volume motivational dictionary, one dialect dictionaries (Vershinino) (16 volumes), the dictionary of one dialect language person V.P. Vershinina (4 volumes). These dictionaries are of different types: direct and inverse, total and differential, explanatory and system, oneand multi-volume. Typological unified, the Middle Ob dialect has a number of groups identified on the basis of phonetics and morphology. Siberian dialect vocabulary will allow to finally solve this problem. Many other tasks are to be completed according to the renewed Dictionary. The selection of of lexical and phraseological units (LPE) for the Dictionary is based on the main criterion the differential type of the Dictionary and its synchronicity compliance of the data with the period of its collection (the second half of the 20th century.). The Dictionary shows word with dialect roots and affixes, with semantic, word-formation, accent and lexicalized phonetic features, verbs with their patterns and formation features in their infinitives, two-word nominations. Another criterion for determining the dialect status of LPE introduced into the Dictionary is comparative data from four literary language dictionaries. The article characterizes the type and structure of the Dictionary: the Dictionary Object is Russian, old-timer dialects; the Dictionary type is regional, explanatory, differential, synchronic, secondary, with the northern dialect base, system representing a system of systems. The title zone of the entry includes the interpreted linguistic units given in their basic form, which is regular for explanatory dictionaries; the units are arranged alphabetically. The interpretive zone contains the meanings of words and additional information about them expressed by a special mark: stylistic, semantic, expressive. Grammatical characteristics of the word are given taking into account the existing traditions, but with some reductions. Plant names are interpreted with the assistance of Latin names. Stylistic, semantic and other marks of the words are specified traditionally taking into account the list of marks represented in the introduction to the Dictionary. Illustrative zone of the dictionary entry is fragments of dialect speech in which the headword was used. Dialect speech is given in writing reflecting individual features of the local pronunciation and morphogenesis. Where necessary, explanations of the collector or the compiler of a dictionary entry are introduced. Additional materials are folklore records and business papers made by the villagers.


Objective: The study aimed to validate the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) nomogram and Stan- ford Online Calculator (SOC) prediction of non-sentinel lymph node (NSLN) metastasis in Chinese patients with sentinel lymph node (SLN)-positive breast cancers. Methods: The MSKCC nomogram and SOC were used to calculate the probability of NSLN metastasis in 120 breast cancer patients who were positive for SLNs. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) for each model was evaluated. Patients with 10% and 90% probabilities of NSLN metastasis were separately examined. Results: The MSKCC and SOC predicted the likelihood of NSLN metastasis in a consecutive group of 120 patients with AUCs of 0.688 and 0.734, respective- ly. At the lowest probability cutoff value of 10%, the false-negative rates of MSKCC and SOC were both 4.4%, and the negative predic- tive values were 75.0% and 90.0%, respectively. When the highest probability cutoff value of 90% was used, the false-positive rates were 0.0% and 6.7%, and the positive predictive values were 100.0% and 68.8%, respectively. Conclusion: Results of the MSKCC no- mogram and SOC were inferior to those of previous studies on predicting NSLN metastasis in Chinese patients with breast cancers. The prediction ability of SOC was slightly superior to that of the MSKCC nomogram.


Cosmological data can be used to search for---and characterize---light particles in the standard model, if these populate our Universe. In addition to the well-known effect of these light relics in the background cosmology, usually parametrized through a change in the effective number $N_{\rm eff}$ of neutrino species, these particles can become nonrelativistic at later times, affecting the growth of matter fluctuations due to their thermal velocities. An extensively studied example is that of massive neutrinos, which are known to produce a suppression in the matter power spectrum due to their free streaming. Galaxies, as biased traces of matter fluctuations, can therefore provide us with a wealth of information about both known and unknown degrees of freedom in the standard model. To harness this information, however, the galaxy bias has to be determined in the presence of massive relics, which is expected to vary with scale. Here we present the code RelicFast, which efficiently computes the scale-dependent bias induced by relics of different masses, spins, and temperatures, through spherical collapse and the peak-background split. Using this code, we find that, in general, the bias induced by light relics partially compensates the suppression of power, and should be accounted for in any search for relics with galaxy data. In particular, for the case of neutrinos, we find that both the normal and inverted hierarchies present a percent-level step in the Lagrangian bias, with a size scaling linearly with the neutrino-mass sum, in agreement with recent simulations. RelicFast can compute halo bias in under a second, allowing for this effect to be properly included for different cosmologies, and light relics, at little computational cost.


Gaseous diffusion plants use cascade coolers in the production of highly enriched uranium (HEU) to remove heat from the enriched stream of UF{sub 6}. The cascade coolers operate like shell and tube heat exchangers with the UF{sub 6} on the shell side and Freon on the tube side. Recirculating cooling water (RCW) in condensers is used to cool the Freon. A criticality safety analysis was previously performed for cascade coolers during normal operation. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate several different hypothetical accidents regarding RCW ingress into the cooler to determine whether criticality safety concerns exist.


The body of this report is contained in two appendicies that deal with time-resolved spectroscopic analysis of microballoon implosions. The first paper introduces the experimental observation of plasma-induced line shifts in recent implosion experiments together with our theoretical analysis. These observations provide a new parameter with which to diagnose very dense laser-produced plasmas. It also indicates that at even higher densities shift-effects can be expected to be more prominent. The second paper represents an application of our analytical tools to the analysis of mix experiments. Interesting results are discussed.


Abstract:The Water Framework Directive (WFD) requires understanding of both technical issues and, under Article 14, dialogue among stakeholders. To date, consultation with stakeholders, including the general public, has occurred mainly through the establishment of river basin district advisory councils, and following the dissemination of documents, entitled Water matters, outlining significant issues for meeting the WFD's environmental objectives. Here, we review progress in the Republic of Ireland for meeting the goals of Article 14 and examine how that progress compares with a set of principles of best practice for stakeholder participation. Overall, information is generally available, but there are some problems in accessing background information, unprocessed (raw) data and land-use data. While the main issues were outlined in Water matters, the clarity with which these issues were presented, the extensiveness of coverage and the quality of feedback were of concern to some stakeholders. A series of associated public meetings were generally poorly attended. Active involvement, through the advisory councils, appears limited, with no formal process for information dissemination or dialogue with stakeholders. Adoption and promotion of guiding principles of best practice that promote inclusiveness; transparency; commitment, including provision of adequate resources; accountability; a general openness for mutual learning; and improved structures to address stakeholder concerns are likely to provide a more effective process. A complementary approach to meet overall WFD objectives would be to view the WFD as an environmental management system; this provides a continuous process that circumvents pitfalls of imprecise or inappropriate targets, but it is likely to provide more realistic decision support, facilitating stakeholder understanding.


Measurements of the rotational and translational motion of several probe molecules in supercooled 1,3-bis(1-naphthyl)-5-(2-naphthyl)benzene (ααβ-TNB) are reported. Rotational correlation times from 10-10 to 103 s were measured in the temperature range from 341 to 515 K (Tg = 343.5 K). Translational diffusion coefficients ranged from 10-6 to 10-15 cm2/s over a similar temperature range. The rotational correlation times of all probes have essentially the same temperature dependence as the viscosity of TNB. In contrast, the translational diffusion of the smallest probe, tetracene, is observed to have a significantly weaker temperature dependence. At Tg, the translational diffusion coefficient of tetracene is 300 times larger than expected based on its rotational correlation time. Similar enhancements of translational diffusion near Tg have recently been observed in other glass-forming liquids. These observations suggest that dynamics in TNB and other supercooled liquids are spatially heterogeneous. The probe...


The present invention relates to an improved process for batchwise or continuous isomerization of cis-2-pentenenitrile to 3-pentenenitriles in the presence of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane as a catalyst.


Objective: To assess the value of quantitative ultrasound in patients with type 2 and 3 spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Methods: Twenty-five patients with SMA (15 type 2 and 10 type 3) and 21 normal subjects were enrolled for this observational study. Strength of biceps brachii, wrist extensors, quadriceps, and tibialis anterior were measured with hand-held dynamometry. In addition, these 4 muscles were studied with a standard ultrasound system using a 5-MHz probe, and luminosity values for each muscle and the overlying subcutaneous fat were obtained by subsequent image analysis. A luminosity ratio (LR) for each muscle was calculated by dividing the muscle by the subcutaneous fat luminosity. The LR and strength scores for all 4 muscles were averaged to provide a single summary value for each patient. Results: The LRs increased with disease severity: 1.27 ± 0.26 for normal subjects, 2.43 ± 0.78 for type 3 SMA, and 3.85 ± 1.3 for type 2 SMA (p < 0.001). Taking all the normal subject and patient data together, there was a good correlation between strength and LR (r = −0.711, p < 0.001). There was also a moderate relationship between LR and strength in the patients with SMA alone (r = −0.588, p = 0.008), and, as expected, a nonsignificant relationship between LR and strength in normal subjects (r = −0.011). Conclusions: Quantitative ultrasound has the potential of serving as a marker of SMA severity and may be useful in future clinical trials.


Disease Activity Score (DAS) is a continuous measure of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) activity, used in clinical practice for monitoring disease progression and for documenting treatment response. According to EULAR, the clinical desired target is to achieve a remission state (or failing that, low disease activity). However, the population of RA patients in this state could be heterogenous.To characterize the level of heterogeneity of RA patients in remission by identifying clusters based on the DAS28 components; and to describe inter and intra-class cluster demographic and clinical characteristicsPatients from Hospital Clínico San Carlos cohort, stored in a departmental electronic health record from January 1st, 2000 to December 30th, 2018, diagnose with RA according ACR 1986/ 2010 criteria were eligible for this study. Only observations with a DAS28 Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) value < 2.6 value were considered. ESR, patient's Global Health (GH), and tender and swollen joints were used for calculating the clusters. Different aggregation levels for joints were studied as well as the input variable types. Isolated joints, joints grouped by the type of affectation (swollen or tender) or anatomic location or laterality aggregation levels were considered. Variables expressed as present or absent (i.e. dichotomous), continuous (count of joins) and categorical (type of joints) were also studied. Gower's distance, used for dealing with variables of different type, was employed to calculate the distance matrix. The number of suitable clusters was chosen from two to seven clusters based on the width value of a Silhouette analyses. Finally, Partitioning Around Medoids (PAM) was used as the clustering algorithm. Differences among clusters regarding demographic and clinical characteristics were analyzed using t-student chi2 test.812 patients with 1,431 observations were analyzed in this study. The joint aggregation level which showed a highest Silhouette width value (0.708) was the anatomic one. In this aggregation level, five dichotomous variables (presence of tenderness and/or swelling in right and/or left shoulder, elbow, wrist, knee and hand (including both metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints) and two continuous variables (ESR and GH) were used. Two clusters were found: the cluster A) with 1,305 observations and 742 patients and the B) with 126 observations and 115 patients. Cluster b) had a statistically significant higher DAS28-ESR value (higher number of tender and swollen joints, and higher GH, but lower ESR), longer follow-up time (6.5 vs. 4.7 years), higher VAS-pain score (10 vs. 2), and higher HAQ score (0.25 vs. 0.12). In addition, the proportion of patients treated with oral corticosteroids (63% s. 50%) and biological therapy (29% vs. 12%) was higher.We have identified two clinically distinct populations of RA patients in remission according to DAS28-ESR <2.6. Each subgroup could be associated with different outcomes during follow-up, such as radiographic progression or risk of relapse.Alfredo Madrid García: None declared, Dalifer Freites Nuñez: None declared, Judit Font: None declared, Isabel Hernandez: None declared, Leticia León: None declared, Jose Ignacio Colomer: None declared, Isidoro González-Álvaro Grant/research support from: Roche Laboratories, Consultant of: Lilly, Sanofi, Paid instructor for: Lilly, Speakers bureau: Abbvie, MSD, Roche, Lilly, Benjamin Fernandez: None declared, J Angel Jover: None declared, Lydia Abasolo: None declared, Luis Rodriguez Rodriguez: None declared


Univariate logistic regression performed evaluate risk factors rapid disease progress injury played crucial roles in the death of COVID-19 patients. Of importance, early development of sepsis, increased white blood cell count and neutrophil count on admission were associated with the rapid disease progress to death.


The FRESIP mission is optimized to detect the inner planets of a planetary system. According to the current paradigm of planet formation, these planets will probably be small Earth-sized objects. Ground-based radial-velocity programs now have the sensitivity to detect Jovian-mass planets in orbit around bright solar-type stars. We expect the more massive planets to form in the outer regions of a proto-stellar nebula. These two types of measurements will very nicely complement each other, as they have highest detection probability for very different types of planets. The combination of FRESIP photometry and ground-based spectra will provide independent confirmation of the existence of planetary systems in orbit around other stars. Such detection of both terrestrial and Jovian planets in orbit around the same star is essential to test our understanding of planet formation.


It is shown that the cutting rules of Abramovskii, Kancheli and Gribov, for the discontinuties of enhanced Reggeon diagrams follow solely from the requirement that the total discontinuity of a diagram be equal to twice its imaginary part, together with the result that the diffractive discontinuity of the two-Reggeon cut be equal to minus its total discontinuity. This conclusion is already implied by low-order diagrams. That it is consistent to all orders in perturbation theory is proved. (AIP)


A study was carried out over a 5-yr period on the influence of different forms of N and P on agronomic and chemical characteristics of cigar tobacco. Results showed that sulphur-coated urea significantly increased yield and gross return when compared with urea alone, but not when compared with ammonium nitrate or ammonium sulphate. Regular superphosphate (0–20–0) was shown to be superior to concentrated superphosphate (0–46–0) for yield, quality index and gross return. Key words: cigar tobacco, nitrogen, phosphorus


older original structure, the sloped wooden ceiling with its unusual trusses evokes a new and modern construction. They capture the sense of reconstruction, and their poetic form beautifully symbolizes the sense of rebirth the building embodies. Säynätsalo was a remarkably moving symbol for a reborn post war Finland. But it can also be seen as a personal homage on Aalto's part to Östberg. Asplund and Aalto and a number of other excellent Nordic architects where to carry on in modernized form Östberg's firm commitment to architecture as artistic and aesthetic enterprise. In their plan compositions Östberg was a very direct influence; in their pursuit of symbol; mood and associations they can be said to have followed in Östberg's footsteps but using more modern means. In conclusion one can say that there is a strong and distinct Nordic modernist tradition that has its roots in Ragnar Östberg's Town hall. We can all be most grateful for Ann Katrin Pihl Atmer's monumental study.


The nature of relationship between deposit money banks loan to certain sector of the economy and its possible effect of reducing poverty rate in Nigeria is controversial and significant. As such, this study set out to examine the extent to which deposit money bank loan and advances to SMEs, agricultural, and manufacturing sectors in Nigeria has helped in reducing poverty rate. To achieve the objective of the study, unit root test, auto regressive distributive lag estimate and causality test were employed. Result shows that deposit money bank loan to SMEs and agricultural sector seem to be inversely related to poverty rate in Nigeria while sectoral allocation to the manufacturing sector is not capable of reducing poverty rate in Nigeria. This inherent relationship between loans to manufacturing sectors and poverty reduction in Nigeria could be attributed to some structural factors cited in the body of the paper. In the light of these findings, this study concluded that (i) Poverty rate in Nigeria is significantly sensitive to deposit money bank credit to agricultural sector; (ii) Within the context of the study, deposit money bank allocation to SMEs has helped in reducing poverty rate in Nigeria to the tune of 1.821 unit. On this premises, it is recommended that bank ordinances and financial institution act should be review to ensure that more credit is allocated to agricultural and SMEs sector as this will help in reducing the ever teaming trend of poverty in Nigeria through the window of job creation.


The human abuse potential study is an important part of the assessment of abuse potential of drugs. This type of study has multiple treatments and multiple abuse potential measures. The study is crossover and often uses a Williams square design. Data are collected for treatments from each treatment sequence and during each treatment period at many time points. This article proposes the use of heat maps to display complicated data sets. This graphic method provides a visual tool for exploring data from individual subjects and overall pictures of subject responses in human abuse potential studies.


The structural changes associated with the photocycle of photoactive yellow protein (PYP) was investigated. Ultrafast time-resolved x-ray crystallography techniques were used for the structural analysis. A set of time-dependant crystallographic measurements at ambient temperature was obtained during the photocycle of PYP over 9 decades in time, from 1 ns to 5 s after initiation of the photocycle by illumination of the crystal with a 7-ns laser pulse. The step critical to entry into the photocycle was identified as flipping of the carbonyl group of the 4-hydroxycinnamic acid chromophore into an adjacent, hydrophobic environment.


The article is a reflection on the legal regulation of property management of a contributory organization established by a territorial self-governing unit and the practical problems that the current legislation brings. It deals with the various legal relationships that these organizations may have to the long-term assets, which the contributory organizations use most often due to the transfer to the founder, but also due to the right of ownership, and very often also on the basis of a loan agreement. In the article I will deal with the legal regulation of these institutes and their mutual comparison.


Cancer stem cells may be responsible for tumor initiation and maintenance. The molecular mechanisms that control cancer stem cells are related to alterations in various signaling pathways, including the Wnt/ b-catenin signaling pathway. The canonical Wnt/b-catenin signaling pathway is one of the major signaling systems in stem and progenitor cells, and aberrant activation of the Wnt/b-catenin signaling pathway is common in human cancers. As with b-catenin, FoxM1 has been found to play important roles in a number of cancers. In this review, we discuss the evidence that FoxM1 affects the expression and function of a variety of genes that are critical to the survival, proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and self-renewal of cancer stem cells. We highlight the pivotal roles of the Wnt/b-catenin and FoxM1 signaling pathways in neural stem and progenitor cells and glioma stem cells. We also discuss the evidence for cross-talk between the b-catenin and FoxM1 signaling pathways in the regulation of the stemness and tumorigenicity of glioma stem cells. Cancer Res; 72(22); 5658–62. 2012 AACR.


Energy service industry is an emerging industry which involves multi-subject, multi-product, multi-technology and multi-value, and is a complicated network system. The node enterprises in the system are connected with each other and the value added with the transmission which contributes to the value network. Value network is a new effective organization and management form of serving product supply chain, and it can increase the value of the serving products. In the value network of the energy service industry, the evaluation of the node enterprises' value creation is helpful for the enterprises to make strategic decision and helps the enterprises to create more value. In this paper, we take the energy service companies as the main research object and establish the index system of value evaluation. Besides, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used to evaluate the relevant factors, and the feasibility and effectiveness of the evaluation system are verified by examples.


Examination time can be trying for students and instructors as both strive for grading fairness. Teachers want to realistically evaluate each student's progress, while students desire a grade reflecting their knowledge and effort. Individualized evaluation can become especially difficult when class size increases and an objective testing format is used. Often after objective tests students lament, &dquo;I just don't do well on multiple-choice exams,&dquo; or &dquo;I knew the material though I didn't show it on this test,&dquo; or &dquo;...but I


The profession of social work has an ongoing pre-occupation with its value and ethical base and attempts to generalize these within codes of conduct or CPD (Continuous Professional Development) frameworks such as those proposed by the Social Work Reform Board and have been criticized for overlooking the contextual nature of practice. This issue is even more prevalent in considering ethics in a global context where there are much wider disparities in values and practice in diverse multicultural contexts (Gray and Fook, 2004). This book therefore provides a valuable commentary on this debate which it illustrates by including accounts of real-life cases from around the world life. The book is divided into five themed chapters: negotiating roles and boundaries; respecting rights; being fair; challenging and developing organizations; and working with policy and politics. Each chapter conceptualizes the theme before introducing the case studies, which are followed by two commentaries providing different perspectives on the case. Preceding these is an introductory chapter which provides a very accessible summary of ethical principles relevant to social work and is a useful resource for those without the time or inclination to immerse themselves in these competing theoretical paradigms. It goes on to debate the possibilities of a universal ethical basis for social work using United Nations declarations and conventions as examples and concludes that this should be considered on two levels; firstly as a global definition of minimum standards for professional practice and secondly at an indigenous level in which professional practice is rooted in local cultures, and legal and policy frameworks. In effect this establishes criteria on which the cases are to be judged and I was interested to dip The Journal of Community and Criminal Justice


In Li Sao,Qu Yuan constructed two kinds of different spaces: Native land and Paradise.The co-existence of the two kinds of different spaces,had fully demonstrated that Qu Yuan had the contradiction of conflict and the choice of advance-retreat in the political path and in the emotion intention.If "Gate" in Li Sao became the node of separating Native land and Paradise,then "Road" became the bridge of communicating these two spaces.Under the role of the myth thought,Qu Yuan displayed his specific emotion through the special orientation of spatial position,namely chose and emphasized the South and the West.If the south orientation reflected that Qu Yuan attempted to seek the intimate friend in Native land,then the West orientation showed that he desired to seek the intimate friend in Paradise.


Mesoporous YAU-10 based on a binuclear 3D structure has been synthesized as a photocatalytic material exhibiting excellent visible light-assisted degradation of methylene blue.


This paper proposes a novel liquid crystal-filled, dual core photonic crystal fiber polarization beam splitter (LC-DC-PCF PBS) based on the coupled mode theory of DC-PCF. The mode birefringence of odd and even modes, coupling lengths (CLs) of the X-polarization (X-pol) and Y-polarization (Y-pol), and the corresponding coupling length ratio (CLR) of the proposed LC-DC-PCF PBS filled without LC E7 and with LC E7 are compared. The change rules of the CLs of the X-pol and Y-pol and CLR of the proposed LC-DC-PCF with wavelengths for different cladding microstructure parameters were investigated. The relationships between the X-pol and Y-pol normalized output powers in core A of the proposed LC-DC-PCF PBS and the propagation length at the wavelength of 1.604 μm are discussed. Finally, by studying the change of extinction ratio (ER) with wavelength, the LC-DC-PCF PBS ER of 60.3 and 72.2 dB at wavelengths 1.386 and 1.619 μm are achieved, respectively. The final splitting length (LS) is 94 μm, and the splitting bandwidth is 349 nm (1.352~1.701 μm), covering the whole of the E + S + C + L + U communication bands. The proposed LC-DC-PCF PBS has good beam-splitting performance, such as ultra-short LS and ultra-wide splitting bandwidth, with potential applications in laser, sensing, and communication systems.


There have been concerns about the increasing concentration in the meat packing industry. But this increased concentration may be due to various types of cost economies. In this paper we prove the existence of scale economies that might justify the increased consolidation in the industry.


In this work, the electron gas energy of some liquid metals and alloys were computed based on statistical physics approach. Also, based on the solution of the Ornstein-Zernike equation for a one – component system, a model for the study of the structure factor of liquid metals and alloys were developed. The electron gas energy of some liquid metals and alloys were studied and their structure factor was computed at different momentum transfer vector. The peak heights and peak positions of the structure factor of the liquid metals and alloys were obtained from the graphical analysis of their structure factor. The results obtained revealed that the electron gas energy decreases with increase in the electron gas parameter, the structure factor of the liquid metals and alloys have peaks when the potential is a minimum. The structure factor, peak heights and peak positions obtained in this work is in good agreement with available experimental values although the level of agreement decreases as we move from the simple liquid metals to the liquid transition metals. The model can reproduce the structure factor of liquid metals within the limits of experimental errors. Keywords: liquid metals and alloys, structure factor, peak position and peak height.


Part-of-Speech Tagging is one of the preliminary analyses needed by any Language Technology Applications. Tasks for which tagging has been proved helpful include Machine Translation, Information Extraction, Information Retrieval, Question Answering, Speech Recognition and higherlevel syntactic Processing. For instance, having information on the word class of e.g. a noun or a verb is crucial to disambiguate linguistic strings like the noun "ice-cream" from the sequence noun phrase-verb "I scream" needed in Speech Recognition. Due to the relevant role that this task has in all Natural Language Processing applications, it was chosen as thesis' s project. In the first part of this thesis, a description of the state-of-the-art in Part-ofSpeech (PoS) tagging methods is provided. PoS tagging describes the words in terms of both morphological and syntactic categories (or PoS tags). The morphosyntactic annotation provides a great deal of information beyond simply an unanalyzed sequence of words. Among the existing algorithm particularly interesting is the "Transformationbased Error-driven Learning algorithm" developed by Eric Brill in 1995. Transformation-based learning is an attempt to preserve the benefit of having linguistic knowledge in a human-readable form while automatically extracting linguistic information from corpora. It combines rule based approaches which are linguistically motivated with the advantages of stochastic approaches which obtain better results than the former. The algorithm is described in the second part of the thesis. In the third Chapter, an overview on the history and recent re-discovery of Corpora, i.e. collections of text-samples, is given underlining the basic features a corpus must satisfy to be well representative of a certain language. Moreover, the mark up language standards and the employed corpus are described in details. In order to carry out experimental analysis on comparative studies it was chosen to use a multilingual corpus, Multext-Joc corpus, i.e. a corpus consisting of the same text written in more than one language, Italian and English. After these general overviews, the implemented PoS tagger is described providing information on the different modules it consists of and how they interact between each other. Finally, in the last chapter of the thesis the results obtained by the tagger are examined. The results indicate that the algorithm achieves different results according to the language of the corpus and the tag set used. Moreover, some problems regarding the running time of the tagger are highlighted and possible solutions to them are suggested.


Mobile broadband based on high-speed packet access (HSPA) technology is already a great success. But even so, to meet future demands for mobile broadband services, the industry must further improve service delivery, for example, through higher data rates, shorter delays, and even greater capacity. These are the very targets of 3GPP radioaccess networks, specifically through HSPA Evolution and LTE. Ericsson is committed to the development of HSPA and LTE as can be seen through an active driving role in standardization and open prototyping. Examples of improved performance compared with early 3G systems include peak data rates in excess of 300Mbps, delay and latencies of less than 10ms, and manifold gains in spectrum efficiency. LTE can be deployed both in new and existing frequency bands and it facilitates simple operation and maintenance. In addition, LTE both targets smooth evolution from legacy 3GPP and 3GPP2 systems and constitutes a major step toward IMT-Advanced (International Mobile Telecommunication – Advanced, sometimes referred to as 4G). In fact, LTE includes many of the features originally considered for a future 4G system.


Abstract Introduction The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the correction rate in Cobb angle and the improvement in quality of life profile in terms of Scoliosis Research Society (SRS)-22 values. Patients and Methods Between January 2007 and December 2013, posterior instrumentation and fusion was performed to 30 patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Patients were grouped according to their improvement rate in Cobb angles after surgery. Patients with an improvement rate of > 80% were grouped as Group A; those with an improvement rate of > 60% and ≤ 80% as Group B and those with an improvement rate of ≤ 60% were grouped as Group C. The SRS-22 questionnaire of these three groups was calculated and their relationship with the improvement in Cobb angle was evaluated. Results No statistical difference was found among the three groups in terms of pain, appearance, function, spirit, satisfaction, and SRS-22 values (all p > 0.05). Conclusion The results of this study demonstrate that the degree of correction rate does not correlate with the degree of improvement in the SRS-22 questionnaire in patients with AIS that underwent posterior fusion and instrumentation.


Conducting properties of the target material are shown to affect both the penetration depth and lateral extent of hot electron transport in experiments with nsec‐CO2‐laser pulses incident on various planar layered targets. At an irradiance around 5×1013 W/cm2 on metal targets most hard x‐rays are emitted outside the focal spot. The hard x‐ray emission area is reduced by a factor of ten when the conducting target material is replaced by a dielectric of similar Z. The inward transport is likewise reduced. Strong electric fields produced by a local negative charge accumulation in a dielectric may explain the transport reductions.


Abstract Canopy interception of incident precipitation is a critical component of the forest water balance during each of the four seasons. Models have been developed to predict precipitation interception from standard meteorological variables because of acknowledged difficulty in extrapolating direct measurements of interception loss from forest to forest. No known study has compared and validated canopy interception models for a leafless deciduous forest stand in the eastern United States. Interception measurements from an experimental plot in a leafless deciduous forest in northeastern Maryland (39°42′N, 75°50′W) for 11 rainstorms in winter and early spring 2004/05 were compared to predictions from three models. The Mulder model maintains a moist canopy between storms. The Gash model requires few input variables and is formulated for a sparse canopy. The WiMo model optimizes the canopy storage capacity for the maximum wind speed during each storm. All models showed marked underestimates and overestimat...


People with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) have high mortality; substantial physical, emotional and spiritual suffering; and tremendous end-of-life (EOL) care needs. However, their illness trajectories and needs differ from those with advanced cancer and current palliative care models do not meet these needs. Over the last two decades, much research and evidence on advance care planning (ACP) and EOL issues in CKD have accumulated. As a result, integrated renal palliative care services are slowly being developed internationally. Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO), the independent, not-for-profit, organisation that conducts formal international guideline development in CKD, agrees that a comprehensive analysis of ACP and EOL/supportive care for CKD patients is timely and represents an area of great clinical need. KDIGO is therefore partnering with experts from around the world to hold the first consensus forum on renal supportive care. The goal is to (1) summarise the state of knowledge; (2) discuss what recommendations can be derived from the available knowledge; and (3) assess what needs to be undertaken to improve the evidence-base for ACP and EOL clinical management. The overall aim is to work towards global guidelines for the implementation of renal supportive care. This would help improve worldwide practice, referral, and overall access to ACP and palliative care services for patients with CKD. This session will highlight these recent advances in ACP and EOL care and will suggest how new knowledge may be integrated into care for patients with advanced CKD.


We examine the risk-return trade-off among several long-short equity factors. We obtain a positive trade-off for the operating profitability (RMW) and investment (CMA) factors, and a negative relationship for the market (RM) and momentum factors. The estimated trade-off subsists by accounting for the covariance with RM, and tends to be stronger in recessions. The out-of-sample forecasting power (of factor variances for own returns) is economically significant for both RMW and CMA. This suggests that the risk-return trade-off is stronger within segments of the stock market than for the whole. The factor risk-return trade-off is weaker among most international stock markets.


Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (alloHCT) remains the only potentially curative treatment for patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). However, this treatment is associated with significant risk of transplant-related mortality/morbidity such as graft-versus-host disease, infections, and regimen-related toxicities. Since there has been no "randomized" trial comparing between patients undergoing or not undergoing transplantation, the relative benefit of this treatment, particularly in elderly patients, is largely unknown. Retrospective comparative studies are significantly limited by the inherent selection bias of healthier/well-supported patients in the alloHCT group. Therefore, a critical knowledge gap exists regarding the survival outcome of MDS patients who are transplant eligible yet did not undergo alloHCT due to lack of suitable donors or other reasons.
 Herein, we retrospectively identified a consecutive case-series of 73 patients with MDS (excluding CMML), who were considered alloHCT candidates, based on initiation of an official donor search from 2005 to 2015, yet did not proceed with alloHCT. Median age at time of donor search was 60 years (range: 20-79) with the majority (63%) being male. Classifications of MDS were single or multi-lineage dysplasia (n=20), excess blast (n=39), MDS unclassified (n=6) or other/unknown classification (n=8). The cohort included 51 de novo MDS and 14 therapy-related MDS (t-MDS). Per International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) 29 patients (39.7%) were Intermediate (Int)-1, 14 (19.2%) were Int-2, and 23 (31.5%) were high risk at the time of donor search (Table 1). Reasons for no alloHCT were lack of donor (n=29), persistent/progressive disease (n=9), patient choice (n=13), or infections/complications after initiating the donor search (n=18). Treatments of these patients included chemotherapy (n=14), hypomethylating agents (n=61) and supportive care (n=23). Of the 73 patients, 15 (20.5%) had disease progression to acute leukemia at 1 year. There were 38 deaths with the median OS of 26.2 months (95%CI: 17.3-48.3 months). The 2-year probability of OS was 51% (95%CI: 36.7-62.9%).
 We next compared outcomes of these MDS patients who had a donor search without subsequent HCT to a consecutive case-series of MDS patients who underwent alloHCT from matched related and unrelated donors (cord blood and haploidentical transplants were excluded) during the same time period (n=276) at our center (Aldoss et al. Haematologica 2017). Patient demographics and MDS disease characteristics were similar between the two groups (Table 1). Median number of days from HLA typing to HCT were 168. By Kaplan-Meier method, OS (from the time of donor search) was significantly better for the alloHCT group (74% at 2-years) compared with non-HCT group (51% at 2-years), log-rank P<0.001 (Figure 1a). This survival benefit was primarily driven by the subgroup of patients with int-2/high risk IPSS. While the difference in the OS did not reach statistical significance in low/int-1 patients between HCT and non-HCT groups (OS probability at 2-years: 80% vs 68%, respectively, p= 0.182), the 2-year OS was significantly better (p<0.001) in the alloHCT group (67%, n=133) compared with non-HCT group (34%, n=37), when analysis was done in int-2 or high-risk patients. (Figure 1b) In an attempt to further assess the inherent selection bias, we analyzed and compared patients with no available donor (n=29, biologic assignment) with patients who did not receive HCT for other reasons (n=44). No statistically significant difference (p=0.13) was seen in the 2 year-OS (58% vs. 45%).
 In conclusion, using a unique cohort of patients who were referred for a donor search, our study in real-world practice demonstrates that transplant eligible MDS patients (at the time of donor search) who do not undergo alloHCT have worse survival outcomes compared to those undergoing transplantation. A prospective biologic assignment study is currently underway by the BMT CTN (#1102) to more definitively determine the impact and relative benefits of alloHCT in patients (≥50 years old) with Int2/high-risk de novo MDS.

 Khaled: Alexion: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Daiichi: Consultancy; Juno: Other: Travel Funding. Salhotra:Kadmon Corporation, LLC: Consultancy. Ali:Incyte Corporation: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Forman:Mustang Therapeutics: Other: Licensing Agreement, Patents & Royalties, Research Funding. Stein:Celgene: Speakers Bureau; Amgen Inc.: Speakers Bureau.


(57) Abstract: The pressure transducer assembly disclosed (200) comprises an outer enclosure (212), the heat shell provided in the outer enclosure (216), provided in the heat shell and a pressure sensor (210). The pressure sensor senses the pressure of the gas or vapor present in the tube (214) for connecting the sensor to a source of pressurized gas or vapor. The assembly device for heating the heat shell has a (218), between the heat shell and the outer enclosure, the heat insulator is provided. The heat insulator is provided between the one another and a plurality of hot metallized films stacked, and a plurality of spacer layers, these spacer layers are each adjacent hot metallized film.


, contains the texts of 3761 rubbings that were published in volume I of The Menzies Collection of Shang Dynasty Oracle Bones in 1972.* I ts aim is to transcribe the bone texts into modern characters with detailed annotations of certain phrases that appear frequently. An introduct ion, addendum of 19 plates, and an appendix of three chapters, namely: "Periodic Classif icat ion of Oracle bones," "The Five Rituals," and "Divinations on Hunting" are attached to th is work. Dr. Hsii uses the shapes and lengths of the chiselled hollows, and certain formulaic phrases as c r i t e r i a for establ ishing his own periodization.


To optimize the allocation of aircraft arrival and departure flow under dynamic capacity of airports and fixes,an absolute robust optimization model,a deviation robust optimization model,and a relative robust optimization model were built,where the objective function is to minimize the total cost of delayed flights.Then,a solution process based on predatory search algorithm was developed to solve the robust optimization problems.A case study regarding the operation of one of Chinese airports was performed to verify the models.The simulation results show that the robust optimal solutions produced from these models could effectively avoid risks on the basis of different decision preferences in actual operations;compared with the optimal solution under the capacity of terminal area with common conditions,the strategy of deviation robust optimization could reduce the delay cost by 8.2%,and the strategy of relative robust optimization could reduce the delay cost by 7.8%.


Two-dimensional (2D) materials are very promising with respect to their integration into optoelectronic devices. Monolayer tungsten diselenide (WSe_2) is a direct-gap semiconductor with a bandgap of ~1.6eV, and is therefore a complement to other two-dimensional materials such as graphene, a gapless semimetal, and boron nitride, an insulator. The direct bandgap distinguishes monolayer WSe_2 from its bulk and bilayer counterparts, which are both indirect gap materials with smaller bandgaps. This sizable direct bandgap in a two-dimensional layered material enables a host of new optical and electronic devices. In this work, a comprehensive analysis of the effect of optical excitation on the transport properties in few-layer WSe_2 is studied. Monolayer WSe_2 flakes from natural WSe_2 crystals were transferred onto Si/SiO_2 (270nm) substrates by mechanical exfoliation. The flakes were observed under an optical microscope. A FET based on mechanically exfoliated WSe_2 was fabricated using photolithography with Molybdenum as metal contact and Silicon as back gate and the electronic properties were measured in a wide range of temperatures. The mobility of our device was found to be 0.2 cm^2/V-S at room temperature. The schottky barrier height was found to decrease from 80 meV to 25 meV as the gate voltage increases.


A method of operating a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (10) containing a separator, wherein the separator comprises a first separator (18A) and a second separator (18B), each having a convex and concave profile formed by embossing of the separator (18A, 18B) has been formed; the convex and concave profile in each case within a a power generation portion of the fuel cell (10) at least one gas passage (27, 28) forms the corresponding portion of a first, a membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) opposite surface of the separator (18A, 18B), extending between located on opposite sides of the corresponding to the current generating section portion mating portions (30, 31) of the separator (18A, 18B) and a first number of straight extending, mutually parallel portions (27a, 28a) and a second, first versus the number by one lower number of U-shaped turn portions (27b, 28b) has; the convex and concave profile in each case at a second, opposite surface of the separator (18A, 18B) defines a coolant passage (26), wherein the first separator ...


The present invention provides disaster recovery replication system and method for applications such as core banking or stock trading that warrant high throughput and low latency. A method for replicating block of transaction data logs from Primary Site to Secondary Site characterized in having high throughput and low response time, wherein the said method comprises the computer-implemented steps of: defining block size of "n" transaction data logs; replicating the block of transactions from Primary Site to Secondary Site; marking the transactions of under replication as "partially complete" at the Primary Site; receiving the block of transactions and sending an acknowledgement to Primary Site by Secondary Site; processing either log write or transaction of the block transactions asynchronously by Secondary Site; and sending responses to one or more end users by Primary Site, after receiving the acknowledgement from the Secondary Site and subsequently committing all partially completed transactions. Figure 1


FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: present invention relates to moulding rigid foamed polyurethane for use in household electric appliances, having ratio of the density of the moulded foamed polyurethane (kg/m 3 ) to λ (10°c) (mW/m·K), measured 2 hours after obtaining the foamed polyurethane, between 1.65 and 2.15, as well as moulded density of 33-38 kg/m 3 . Given foamed polyurethane is obtained by injecting the reaction mixture into a closed mould with compacting factor of 1.03-1.9, where density of the mould at low pressure is between 300 and 950 mbar, and the reaction mixture contains: (A) organic polyisocyanate, (B) physical foaming agent, (C) polyol composition containing at least one polyol with functionality equal to or greater than 3 and hydroxyl number between 300 and 800, (D) water making up of 0-2.5 wt % of the overall polyol formulation, (E) catalyst and (F) auxiliary substances and/or additives. EFFECT: optimisation of formulations of foamed polyurethanes to obtain rigid foamed polyurethane, having low heat conductivity at density 33-38 kg/m 3 in stable conditions, as well as regulation of the time of filling the mould through process conditions, in order to optimise density distribution and aesthetic homogenisation of foamed polyurethane (fewer cavities) and shorter time for removing the obtained foamed polyurethane from the mould while minimising λ. 20 cl, 5 ex, 5 tbl


The relation between corporate governance and earning management is closely related.On one hand,the corporate governance is the internal stimulus of earning management and result in the degree and scale of earning management.On the other hand,earning management will affect the corporate governance by the influence on the accounting information.


Hot Stamping is a complex technology, which requires many control parameters. Some data may be measured in-situ, to be used for trigger purposes or just for protocol. Other data need to be measured in advance to act as sort of calibration data. At voestalpine Stahl GmbH, we utilize a hot forming simulator to support the product development of hot forming steels. Linking process parameters and product properties is a major key for successful product development. Advanced data acquisition and data processing is the tool for a better understanding, increased precision and reproducibility during hot forming, as well as for the generation and improvement of material cards. We present the measurement matrix and show how that data and the derived models can be used for the development of materials, processes, material cards and full Finite Element (FE) Models. Those models are validated on medium scale test components and results will be presented. Our intensive efforts lead to a stable and robust part production at our customers hot forming lines. Extending these methods to hot forming lines would assist process design, failure analysis and quality assurance.


What is truth? Pilate asked this question and I don't know exactly what he meant. But when philosophers ask it, they are not inquiring as to which of a given number of beliefs or statements are true. Since we are all interested in truth, we all ask that question quite often in one way or another. Whatever situation we may be in, we want to know where we stand, what is the case—in short, what is true. It does not matter whether our interests are primarily practical or theoretical. And it is obvious that such questions are important. Philosophers, however, do not ask that kind of question when they ask: What is truth? Their specifically philosophical interest is not focused on whether this or that statement is true or false but on what the truth of any statement whatever might consist in. Which statements are true and which are false is a question they leave aside, to be answered, if at all, not by them but by others. As to the specifically philosophical question about truth, there is an answer that might b...


Objective:To synthetize 2',3'-azido-2',3'-seconucleoside analogues,and to determine the potential antiviral activity.Methods:The target compounds were synthesized from natural nucleosides,through sulfonylation at 2',3'-OH and nucleophilic substitution by NaN3.Results and Conclusion:The structures of these compounds were confirmed by 1H NMR,13C NMR and HRMS analyses.All the target compounds showed moderate anti-HSV-I activity,which might contribute to the research on SAR of nucleosides analogues in this field.


Aposematism is the use of warning signals to advertise unpleasant or dangerous defences to potential predators. As the effectiveness of this strategy depends on predator learning, little variation is expected in aposematic warning signals, as similar signals facilitate predator learning. However, warning signals are frequently variable in aposematic species. Such variability could arise as a result of geographic variation in the interpretation that local predators give warning signals. We tested this divergent learning hypothesis in the polytypic poison frog Andinobates bombetes (Anura: Dendrobatidae), focusing on visual predators. Our study was conducted in two populations of this species located in the Western Andes of Colombia, where individuals at some localities exhibit red dorsolateral stripes, while those in others exhibit yellow dorsolateral stripes. We deployed paraffin models imitating both forms of A. bombetes in size and colouration, as well as dull‐coloured controls, at sites inhabited by either red‐striped or yellow‐striped frogs. Red and yellow models were attacked at similar rates at both sites, and brown models were attacked more frequently at one of the sites. These results suggest that red and yellow colourations function as similarly effective aposematic signals for primarily visual predators, regardless of the form previously experienced by these predators. Therefore, our results do not support the hypothesis of divergent predator learning as a driver of the polytypism present in this species. Finally, we discuss other mechanisms that may be involved in the evolution and maintenance of this polytypism.


Considers telerobots with variable parameters, which are intended to solve manipulation problems when fast transportation operations are combined with high-precision positioning operations. Manipulator gain is used as a parameter for the flexible control of the system characteristics that introduces an additional channel of parameter adjustment into the system. A method to synthesise control algorithms for these systems is presented. Also, this article discusses force reflection approaches for these robots. It is concluded that the most promising approach consists of information transmission to human skin receptors by means of skin displays. Some solutions in implementing this approach are described.


Background  Red chili has been reported to modulate visceral hypersensitivity, probably by the action of its active ingredient, capsaicin. The role of 5HT‐3 receptors on capsaicin‐sensitive visceral nociceptive pathways is unknown.


There is rapid urbanisation in developing countries, where UN Habitat estimates that 80% of the world urban population will live by 2030. Urban water utilities are facing a challenge of continuously extending services to the rapidly expanding towns and cities, particularly so when most of the population growth is absorbed by slums, leading to an increasing number of the urban poor. Economic regulation of urban water service providers is therefore necessary to guard the equity principle and promote universal water service coverage that is an overarching target for achievement of UN millennium development goals (MDGs). This paper reports on research carried out in Lusaka, Zambia, one of seven case studies in a global research study on whether the needs of the urban poor have been incorporated, as a primary duty of regulation. The study found that NWASCO, the Zambian regulator, has made commendable progress towards 'good regulation' principles of independence, accountability, consistency, transparency, propo...


Model Refinement is a uniform approach to generating correct-by-construction designs for algorithms and systems from formal specifications. Given an overapproximating model M of system dynamics and a set Φ of required properties, model refinement is an iterative process that eliminates behaviors of M that do not satisfy the required properties. The result of model refinement is a refined model M′ that satisfies by-construction the required properties Φ. The calculations needed to generate refinements of M typically involve quantifier elimination and extensive formula/term simplification modulo the underlying domain theories. We have run a prototype implementation of model refinement based on the Z3 SMT solver over a variety of system and algorithm design problems.


States in the U.S., unlike those in Europe, leave private schools unregulated. Some parents are therefore able to choose for their children schools oppressively indoctrinatory academies that contravene what the state generally assumes should be the aims for children's education. This book argues that the law's empowerment of parents rests on a morally and conceptually flawed notion of parental entitlement and/or community rights. It demonstrates further that the educational deprivation some children are suffering as a result of the state's conferring this monopoly over their lives on parents violates the children's equal protection rights and, from a Rawlsian perspective, does them a great injustice. Children have a moral and constitutional right to greater state oversight of the private school sector. It suggests a similar analysis of state laws authorizing parents for religious reasons to deny medical care to their children.


Context Laparoscopic pancreatic surgery is not common practice in Italy and is carried out in few centers. The reasons for this are manifold, such as the current selection of patients and both skills in laparoscopic and pancreatic surgery, are necessary to perform this operation safely. Objective We report the experience of a referral center for laparoscopic surgery comparing outcomes of laparoscopic and open procedures for endocrine pancreatic neoplasms. Materials Thirty patients (10 males and 20 females aged 57±14 years) were submitted to surgery for neuroendocrine pancreatic tumors from 2001 to 2010. Apart of 7 patients undergone duodenopancreatectomy, 13 patients received laparoscopic surgery and 10 open surgery. Results Mean overall operating time and postoperative hospital staying were 268±97 minutes and 26±28 days, respectively. Mortality was nil; overall morbidity was 56.5%. When comparing laparoscopy and open procedures operating time, postoperative hospital staying and even morbidity rate were similar (P>0.05). Conclusions Laparoscopic pancreatic surgery for endocrine tumors is safe and boasts a complication rate similar to that of open surgery. However, since it is a demanding procedure, it should be performed only in selected centers with a consolidated experience in laparoscopic and pancreatic surgery.


Now, a Japanese team of researchers led by Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) has examined levels of SRRM2 phosphorylation in a mouse model of AD, and found that they increased prior to A? aggregation. This ultimately prevented the nuclear transport of SRRM2 and led to reduced levels of PQBP1 protein, which has been linked with the neurodevelopmental and intellectual disorders. The study results were reported in Molecular Psychiatry.


Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate and determination of total flavonoid levels antioxidant activity of ethanol 70% extract jackfruit peel (Artocarpus heterophyllus L.) by maceration, reflux, and ultrasonic methods
Methods: Jackfruit peel was extracted by using maceration, reflux, and ultrasonic methods with 70% of ethanol as the solvent. Antioxidant activity using DPPH free radical scavenging and determination of total flavonoid levels using colorimetric methods.
Conclusion: The results of phytochemical screening indicates that jackfruit peel contains flavonoids, saponins, tannin, and triterpenoids; the best antioxidant activity is found in the maceration method. The extract of Jackfruit peel fullfill the quality parameters requirements.
Results: The determination was carried out at the Center for Plant Conservation and Botanical Gardens-LIPI, Bogor. The results of this determination indicate that the material studied belongs to the species Artocarpus heterophyllus L.


Backgroud: Transradial percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has evolved into a viable alternative to the traditional transfemoral approach. Clinical aspects related to transradial PCI on multi-...


This is the first of four papers concerned with developing a comprehensive approach to the spatial aggregation problem in gravity models. A framework for exploring the problem is outlined in this paper, and will be applied to one-dimensional and two-dimensional spatial interaction models in the subsequent papers. Appropriate statistics for measuring changes in spatial variation due to spatial aggregation in data sets and in model predictions of spatial interaction are derived by use of information theory; and these statistics, such as spatial entropy, have excellent decomposition properties which can be readily exploited in the study of aggregation effects in data and models. These properties involve information components associated with density, level of detail or average zone size, dimension, and level of resolution. Use of the spatial entropy function, in particular, enables consistent relationships to be developed between information components and model parameters, and these relationships are examined in detail in subsequent papers.


Taking Qiandao Lake as the research object,the remote sensing quantitative retrieval model of chlorophyll a concentration was established using the Landsat 7 ETM + remote sensing image and field measurement data. Make Pearson correlation analysis of chlorophyll concentration and spectral reflectance combination,select( B4 + B2) / B3 band combination construction of chlorophyll-a retrieval model,and obtain chlorophyll-a concentration of temporal and spatial distribution. Results show that:( 1) in 2007 from Qiandao Lake chlorophyll a concentration below 4 ug / L water area accounted for the total water ara reaches above 99%,the overall good water quality;( 2) chlorophyll-a concentration with characteristics of the seasonal change obviously,the summer to local high value,autumn average concentration of whole body increased.;( 3) by inversion of the distribution of chlorophyll a concentration in different periods,the growth and Octline of the algae in Qiandao Lake can be described. This inversion model can estimate the concentration of chlorophyll a in Qiandao Lake,which is of great significance for the monitoring and early warning of water eutrophication in the future.


seven using were analysed. who to used to the and technology features (eg. eased their experience. Results support the use of ambient technologies at home. and store data on different aspects of mobility under free-living conditions for long period of time. 88 older adults living in the community in Montreal (Canada) wore for 12 days a data logging platform incorporating a GPS receiver with an 3D accelerometer. loca-tion, activity, travel and Geospatial distribution of mobility were extracted and compared across participants using ICF measures body structures and function (cognitive status, depressive symptoms, body composition, pain), personal (age, gender, education, revenue) and environmental (social participation, living situation, walking access to shop and services, access to a car). Results suggest that the proposed mobility outcomes are sensitive to the different domain of the ICF with environmental variables contributing signifi-cantly to variation in mobility of community dwelling older adults. On-going studies are looking at how aging and disease affect these mobility outcomes. pain is a significant health problem in the elderly. The management of chronic pain in this population often remains a vexing challenge, notably for individuals who have difficulty communicating because of dementia. The aims of this study was to document, in these patients: (1) the feasibil-ity of using a wearable plateform incorporating multiple sensors (electrodermal activity blood volume pulse, acceleration, heart rate, and temperature) during everyday life activities to measure the activity of the autonomic nervous system; and (2) the utility of using such measures to identify patients who suffer from pain. Preliminary results indicate that wearable technologies are well tolerated by patients and provide use-ful information for the management of chronic pain. Clinical applications, as well as potential barriers and pitfalls will be discussed.


Let $\mathscr{K}(G)$ be the rational cone consisting of pairs $(\lambda, \mu)$ where $\lambda$ and $\mu$ are dominant integral weights and $\mu$ is a nontrivial weight space in the representation $V_{\lambda}$ of $G$. We produce all extremal rays of $\mathscr{K}(G)$ by considering the vertices of corresponding intersection polytopes $IP_{\lambda}$, the set of points in $\mathscr{K}(G)$ with first coordinate $\lambda$. We show that vertices of $IP_{\varpi_i}$ arise as lifts of vertices coming from cones $\mathscr{K}(L)$ associated to simple Levi subgroups containing $i$. As corollaries we obtain a complete description of all extremal rays, as well as polynomial formulas describing the numbers of extremal rays depending on type.


To characterize sources of exposure to organic solvent mixtures, breathing zone air samples were collected from workers in a printing/bookbinding plant. The analysis of air samples revealed complex patterns of exposure to organic solvents. Principal component analysis (PCA) plus classification and regression tree (CART) analysis identified sources of exposure and verified that exposure classification of workers by job type corresponded closely to exposures measured using personal air monitoring. The variable loadings for most principal components of air exposure matched identifiable combinations of solvent mixtures used in the workplace. PCA and CART models both accurately described the sources of multiple chemical exposures


The European EGS project of Soultz-sous-Forets (France) which was first investigated in 1987 is aimed at producing power by the extraction of the heat stored in deep, fractured crystalline rocks. Extensive research and development contributed to get a better understanding of the geothermal reservoir: large-scale hydrothermal circulation occurs within a network of large permeable faults developed within a Tertiary graben. 3 deep wells have been drilled down to 5 km depth, where a rock temperature of 200degC was reached. At the bottom depth, the horizontal distance between the producing wells is over 1.3 km length, knowing that the injection well is located in the middle. Several hydraulic and chemical stimulations were performed and combined in order to reactivate the system of fractures, which are often sealed by natural hydrothermal deposits. This led to improvement of injectivity and productivity of the wells. After a successful 5-months circulation test done in 2005, we are now building a pilot power plant. Two types of production pumps will be tested for this purpose and a first ORC conversion module of 1.5 MWe will be installed and tested in the beginning of 2008. If the results are promising, a second module should be later installed.


In this paper, we describe an operational pulse Doppler radar imaging system for indoor target localization and classification, and show how a target's micro-Doppler signature (μDS) can be processed when ultra-wideband (UWB) waveforms are employed. Unlike narrowband radars where time-frequency signal representations can be applied to reveal the target time-Doppler frequency signatures, the UWB system permits joint range-time-frequency representation (JRTFR). JRTFR outputs the data in a 3D domain representing range, frequency, and time, allowing both the μDS and high range resolution (HRR) signatures to be observed. We delineate the relationship between the μDS and the HRR signature, showing how they would form a complimentary joint feature for classification. We use real-data to demonstrate the effectiveness of the UWB pulse-Doppler radar, combined with nonstationary signal analyses, in gaining valuable insights into human positioning and motions.


ABSTRACT Concurrent eutrophication and scarcity of water have made the difficulties for kenaf retting; hence, seawater (SW), freshwater (FW), and municipal wastewater (MTW) were assessed for kenaf retting feasibility. SW retting liquor showed highest 1.39 × 108 CFU/mL bacterial loads on the 5th day, compared to FW 1.30 × 108 and MTW 1.25 × 108 CFU/mL on the seventh days retting period. SW solvents treated retting effluents showed maximum 13.68 U/mL pectinase enzyme activities. Based on un retted raw kenaf fiber (URKF) maximum fiber bundle weight was reported in MTW with 16.04% material losses, while the SW and FW treatments showed 24.38%, and 21.03% material losses, respectively. All solvents treated fiber samples showed smooth and cleaner fibers surface morphology by SEM indicates sufficient non cellulosic gums (NCGs) removal compared with URKF. Moreover, solvents retted fiber and URKF were examined for chemical composition, FTIR, and X-ray diffraction test. Results revealed that compared to URKF, solvents treated kenaf fiber increases 26.26 − 37.75% cellulose portions, and their crystallinity index increases 18.03–30.94% due to NCGs removal. This study's findings indicate that along with FW the alternative macerating solvents SW and MTW were also feasible for kenaf bio retting, which could be a remediation for the mitigation of freshwater shortage.


This article presents a new macromodeling approach for nonlinear electronic components and circuits based on long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network. LSTM proposes a more efficient training process in comparison with the conventional recurrent neural network (RNN) training. Conventional structures such as RNN suffer from the gradient vanishing problem during the training process. LSTM addresses this issue and solves this problem in an efficient way. In order to train the proposed structure, some input and output waveforms of the original circuit, called training waveforms, should be obtained from simulation tools or measurements. Model creation using proposed method does not require information on details inside the components and input–output training waveforms are sufficient to construct the model. The provided numerical results in this article show that the proposed method is more efficient than RNN techniques for modeling components and packages in terms of both speed and accuracy. The findings suggest that the proposed method significantly reduces the training time in comparison with conventional state-of-art modeling techniques. Furthermore, simulation time of the obtained model from the proposed technique is less than both conventional models (such as SPICE models) used in circuit simulation tools and models obtained from conventional RNN method. Three practical examples, namely, an audio amplifier, Texas Instruments (TIs) SN74AHCT540 device, and MOS inverter, are utilized to manifest the validity of the proposed macromodeling approach.


Profit operating activities has come the method of acquiring financial resources for most global non-profit organizations, and there is no exception for China. But in China, the Private Organizations Accounting Standard did not fully describe and enclose the existence of profit operating activities in the accounting statements, especially lack of Profit and Income Statement which could reflect the financial result of profit operating activities and distribution, therefore, it is not conducive for the information user to make relative decisions. So, it is necessary to design the statement in accordance with the nature of non-profit and scientific accounting standards.


The synchronization of internal combustion engines at startup and during operation represents a major task of modern engine control systems. In particular, need to be determined with sufficient accuracy within a very short time before or at the start of an internal combustion engine, the angular positions of the camshaft and the crankshaft to an increased load of the motor and a elevated exhaust emissions at the first ignition operation to be avoided. a method and an arrangement, it is therefore proposed, in which firstly a characteristic signal (126) of a camshaft is detected. This characteristic signal (126) is then subjected to pattern matching with one or more stored reference patterns (410) and determines therefrom a most likely angular position of the camshaft. From this angular position of the camshaft likely the most probable angle position of a crankshaft is calculated by a known ideal correlation. The described method has the advantage that at the beginning of the rotation of the camshaft fast first information about the angular positions can be won. Further, the described method can be adapted easily to new types of internal combustion engines.


In this article, the author brings forward his opinions on the categorization, weight of evidence, examination and judgment on electronic evidence, which are, electronic evidence must be treated as selfreliant evidence, and, be endowed with direct and primitive evidence on weight of evidence, and be examined strictly on facility?relationship and objectivity.


To explore the effects of longtime professional training on body composition indexes of speed skaters,this study tested the body composition indexes of 8 male speed skaters in Jilin province, such as lean body weight, body mass index (BMI),percentage age of body fat,total body water and percentage of total body weter with lean body weight so on, by using the equipment of Bodly Composition Analyzer.The results showd that the longtime training of speed skating could effectively decrease the percentage of body fat and increase lean body weight, body mass index was close to the level of ordinary person and the percentage of the total body water with lean body weight was lower than ordinary person,indicating the body dehydrates lightly.


Cross-border conflict spillovers are commonly viewed as one of the main instigators of violent civil conflict. We question the alleged robustness of this finding reported by earlier studies that typically ascribe part of the observed spatial clustering of civil war to cross-border conflict spillovers. Spillovers however, are not the only explanation for the spatial clustering of civil war. We show that if we control for two different types of regional heterogeneity the evidence on the role of conflict spillovers turns out to be more delicate and not as omnipresent as suggested by previous studies. We allow for regional heterogeneity in unobserved conflict causing variables and in the magnitude of conflict spillovers themselves. We find significant conflict spillovers in Africa, but not in other parts of the world. In Africa, having at least one neighbor at war increases the probability of civil war onset by about 4%. ∗University of Groningen, The Netherlands. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com (Maarten) †Corresponding author: DIW Berlin, Mohrenstrasse 58, 10117 Berlin, Germany. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com (Joppe).


The present invention is to prevent the occupant's image due to the hot gas out through the vent hole clogging or the vent hole for the cushioning property of the deployed airbag cushion, (i) generating a gas of high pressure during collision the through outlet gas generating means for ejecting a gas, (ii) the rear the inner space of the ejected gas is so filled that is configured to entirely deployed toward the front side at the side rear of the passenger side air bag cushion, (iii) the side air bag cushion when deployed portion of the chamber and the side airbag cushion corresponding to said front chamber is formed inside of the side airbag cushion, comprising: a first vent hole baffle (baffle) is formed (vent hole), so as to segment (define) the front chamber in the second vent hole is formed, and after the said side air bag cushion according to the side front evolves from the rear side A first expansion chamber and provides a side airbag module in which the front expansion chamber later. Side air bag module, vent holes, baffle, buffer castle image


The utility model discloses a heat transfer pipe for heat exchange, which comprises a pipe body (1). The inner wall (3) of the pipe body (1) is provided with a spiral steel wire (2) extending along the direction of the pipe, and the spiral steel wire (2) is pasted onto the inner wall (3) of the pipe body. By the aid of the spiral steel wire (2) pasted onto the inner wall (3) of the pipe body, liquid in the pipe body (1) flows irregularly and turbulently, the thickness of a boundary layer is decreased, fluids rotate irregularly through the spiral steel wire (2), the temperatures of the fluids on all portions of the internal cross section of the pipe body (1) tend to be uniform, heat exchange is reinforced, heat transfer area is also increased, heat conduction and dissipation are accelerated, so that heat transfer performance is improved remarkably, the performance of a whole heat exchanger is enhanced, the size of the heat exchanger is reduced, and the number of heat transfer pipes for heat exchange used in the heat exchanger is decreased.


The photoredox reactions of cobalt(III), nickel(II) complexes and organic dyes are reviewed with particular emphasis on using flash photolysis methods to identify the transients in the time scale from milliseconds to subpicoseconds. The excitation flash radiation initially was limited to flash lamps with a time resolution to study the decay of the excited states and the fast reactions of photo produced transients in milliseconds and microseconds. Some of the photolysis reactions investigated provide details in real time including the thermal reactions of molecular oxygen with cobalt(II) amine systems and the cobalt (III) alkyl complex formation on photolysis of cobalt(III) aminoacid complexes. Photoredox reactions of thiazine and safranine dyes are investigated using time resolved absorption and emission techniques in solution and on encapsulation in micro and mesoporous host materials. Picosecond and femtosecond diffuse reflectance fluorescence investigations in the porous solid host materials show intramolecular proton transfer reactions of the dyes and deprotonation of the dyes in the excited states. Photosensitization of nanoparticles of semiconductors, anatase TiO2 and ZnO by the excited states of dyes in meso and microporous silicate hosts is investigated using pico and femtosecond fluorescence and transient absorptions techniques and the results are reviewed.


Abstract Inflation expectations of firms affect their micro-decision-making behaviors and therefore impact the macro-economy. Thus, a deep understanding of how firms form inflation expectations benefits the achievement of central bank's policy objectives on macro-economic sustainability and development. In this paper, we focus on the inflation expectations of firms from surveys. Specifically, the Naïve Expectation, Adaptive Expectation, Rational Expectation, VAR, and Heterogeneous Static Expectation formation models are adopted to test the models being used by firms to form inflation expectations. Empirically, this paper reveals the heterogeneity between the formation mechanisms of households and firms. Then, empirical results reject the rational expectation hypothesis of firms' inflation expectations, which means that they are not perfectly rational. Finally, we find that the inflation perception is a non-negligible factor in forming firms' inflation expectations. Therefore, central banks' monetary policies that aiming to formulate firms' inflation perceptions can be a useful tool in regulating their inflation expectations, which are expected to benefit the stability of the macro-economy.


This research explores the environmental practices of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) 1 in the UK, using 'Ecological Modernisation' (EM) theory as an analytical tool. In-depth interviews with ownermanagers in the construction industry suggest that there is a major gulf between the win-win philosophy of EM and the perceptions of small firms, as the majority of owner-managers do not perceive there to be significant enough business benefit in pursuing environmental goals. The market is not signalling to them that product value can be raised or that customers can be won by embracing environmental best practice. Moreover, the financial returns to be made from using resources more efficiently are not perceived to be significant enough to overcome the considerable inertia owner-managers display towards finding the time and resources to undertake environmental measures.


The solid polyphase buffer technique has been adapted to permit quantitative study of synthetic fluorine-bearing hydrothermal systems. This method involves three nested capsulesl the innermost capsule contains the charge which is open to the fluorine buffer assemblage in the sealed second capsule. The outermost capsule contains an oxygen buffer; the hydrogen fugacity (fiq) in equilibrium with the fluorine buffer assemblage must be externally fixed. The bufier reactions which have been studied experimentally are:


In this thesis we consider the vibrational effects on the electric transport properties of a quantum dot system. We thereby address three different problems.

In the first part, we develope a theoretical model of a single level quantum dot system which is coupled to many vibronic modes. According to this model, many vibronic degenerate state can contribute to transport at finite bias. However, the coherences between the degenerate states do not play any significant role. In the differential conductance of the system, several striking features like gate asymmetry and pronounced negative differential conductance features are observed.

In the second part, we address bistability, quantum switching and memory effects in a polaron model system when it is subject to an adiabatic periodic change of the bias voltage. The controlled electrical switching between the many-body states of the system can be achieved due to polaron shift and Franck-Condon blockade in the presence of strong electron-vibron interaction. Upon applying an external voltage, one can change the state of this bistable system and under specific conditions, hysteretic charge-voltage and current-voltage curves can be obtained. Moreover, the vibronic excited states and vibron energy also exihibit hysteretic behavior.

In the third part, we present a low energy theory of suspended single wall carbon nanotubes investigating spectrum and Franck-Condon coupling. In these systems, the spectrum and the Franck–Condon factors strongly depend on the geometry, i.e. the extensions and relative positions, of the junction and its several vibronic modes. We identified a complete parameters space consisting of different regions where one can realize the different geometric configuration of the quantum dot and the associated vibron. A detailed analysis of the complete parameters space reveals different regimes: in the short vibron regime, the tunneling of an electron into the nanotube yields a plasmon–vibron excitation, whereas in the long vibron regime the polaron excitation dominates the scenario. The small, position-dependent Franck–Condon couplings of the small vibron regime convert into uniform, large couplings in the plasmonic case.


We present an experimental method for complete identification of the nonclassicality of Gaussian states in the whole phase space. Our method relies on nonclassicality witnesses written in terms of measured integrated intensity moments up to the third order, provided that appropriate local coherent displacements are applied to the state under consideration. The introduced approach, thus, only requires linear detectors for measuring intensities of optical fields, that is very convenient and powerful from the experimental point of view. Additionally, we demonstrate that the proposed technique not only allows to completely identify the nonclassicality of the Gaussian states but also to quantify it.


This research finding out whether the blog increases the students' writing skill. In this study, researcher used in this quantitative research is a pre-experimental method. This kind of study allows the researcher to look at the effects of at least one independent variable and one dependent variable. In this research, the researcher wanted to see whether the treatment make a difference or no. Population The population of the research was the eleventh grade students of SMA Negeri 4 Jeneponto in the academic year of 2019/2020. Sample, the sample was selected by using cluster random sampling technique. The researcher chose one class as the sample. Research Instrument, the instrument used in this research was writing test. To test writing ability the researcher will ask the students to write three paragraphs. There will be two tests, namely pre-test & post-test.


We obtained a new representation for timelike Bertrand
curves and their Bertrand mate in 3-dimensional Minkowski space. By using
this representation, we expressed new representations of spherical indicatricies
of Bertrand curves and computed their curvatures and torsions. Furthermore
in case the indicatricies of a Bertrand curve are slant helices, we investigated
some new characteristic features of these curves.


The virus - free, tissue culture and rapid propagation of Fragaria xananassa Duch. cv. ' Zoji' were studied.The efficient technique that virus- free with method of heat treating,pointing plant grafting to detect and already virus- free stem apex to tissue culture and rapid propagation.The technique can insure tissue culture seedling 100% with no- virus,survival ratio of exophyte can reach 80% and planting percent is over 90% .


Vector theory has been used to obtain the power spectral density of the surface height distribution at several different wavelengths, conditions of polarization and geometries. The surface height was then determined both by integration and by curve fitting.


Food safety is an ever more conflictive issue receiving media attention. "The increased activity of interest groups, the impact of the Common Agricultural Policy and changes in the retail economy have combined to transform [a relatively closed] food policy community into an issue network". This account of recent changes lacks the historical dimension that might endow it with meaning. It is hardly appropriate to describe the current situation as a reawakening after a long slumber. In France at least, complaints about food safety voiced in numerous newspaper articles echo enduring concerns and a permanent sense of alarm. In 1957, Demain ran a catalogue of food scares: industrial bread causing eczema; wine adulterated with sulphur anhydride (for safe transportation); eggs and milk feared by doctors to be toxic (because chickens were being fed with chemicals or fish, and cattle with ground up rubbish); and filthy conditions on cattle and poultry farms. Much the same sort of list could have been drawn up early in the century during meetings of the Société Scientifique d'Hygiène Alimentaire (created in 1904), or run in the press following passage of the 1905 Food Adulteration Act, or printed in popular pamphlets such as Dr Raffray's Le péril alimentaire (1912). As the Common Market took shape in the 1960s, repeated articles in the daily newspapers relentlessly focused on the issue of food and public health. In France, arguments were continually framed in the language of the 1905 act.


Sidobandung Village is a village that will develop the potential of the village as a tourism village.The Solar Power Generation System is a power generation equipment. One of the potentials that has been successfully built is a reservoir or in local terms it is called a reservoir. With the construction of the reservoir in this village, tourism activities began to be seen. The number of visitors who came succeeded in increasing the village's income. Currently only open for daytime conditions. In its development, there is a desire to open services at night. The problem is how to reduce electricity costs. One of the facilities to support this is a floating building for the generation of floating PLTS which was built in collaboration with one of the expert vocational colleges in the field of floating buildings located in Surabaya. This Floating PLTS is a new renewable energy source, in accordance with the village's wish to become an educational tourism village. This floating PLTS is expected to be able to supply 30 lamps each having a power of 50 watts for street lighting around the reservoir. Another bean is colorful lights along the edge of the pond to give a beautiful impression of the view of the pond. The total lamp load is about 100 watts. The PLTS system that was built consists of 10 solar cell panels, each solar cell panel has a capacity of 330 WP. With a total of 4 batteries with specifications 12 Volt 200 Ah. This system is being evaluated. The evaluation results show that the battery capacity is only able to supply 15 lamps for 12 hours. So to supply all the desired load requirements, a total of 12 batteries are needed.


Abstract Insect pollination plays a pivotal role in maintaining sustainable and profitable agriculture practices with limited environmental disturbance. This research was conducted to assess the diversity of floral visitor insects and their foraging and behavioral activities over two seasons. In addition, we determined the impact of insect pollination on the qualitative and quantitative parameters of sweet orange (cvs. Early Gold, Rhode Red, and Trovita). During seasons 1 and 2, seven insect species, including six Hymenopterans and one Dipteran, visited the sweet orange flowers and collected nectar and/or pollen. During the two seasons, the highest mean number of flowers visited (per min) by various floral visitor insects was recorded for Xylocopa tenuiscapa Westwood and the lowest for Nomia sp. The time spent (s/flower) was the highest in Nomia sp. and lowest in X. tenuiscapa. The fruit set, fruit yield, fruit weight, number of seeds/fruit, and total soluble solids (TSS) content were considerably higher with open pollination during the two seasons than with pollinator exclusion. In both seasons the highest fruit set, number of seeds/fruit, fruit weight, and fruit yield were noted in cv. Early Gold. To summarize, the quality and quantity of fruit production of sweet oranges were influenced by insect pollination.


This study aimed at constructing a science achievement test for the first basic grade, and comparing its application method (paper, electronic) on Its psychometric properties and learning motivation, to achieve that an achievement science test based on the first basic class science textbook of (25) questions was constructed The two versions of the tests were applied on a sample of (103) students in governmental and private schools in Al-Karak Governate (Southern Al-Mazar District) during the first semester 2017/2018. The results of the study showed that there was reliability coefficient for both the tests which is associated with a criterion. There were high validity indicators for both tests. There were statistical differences in the validity in favor of the electronic test whereas there were statistical differences in the reliability in favor of the electronic test. There were statistical differences at the level of statistical significance in transactions trueness which is associated with a criterion, according to the type of test and for the favor of the electronic test. There were statistically significant differences in learning motivation according to type of test and for electronic test.


A continuum approximation to the calculation of the statistical properties of the corrected shape of a beam truss is presented, and results of a comparison with the exact statistical analysis were found to be very good. In addition, the position of the actuators was optimized to minimize the weighted rms of the distortion using the continuum analysis. The optimal design is shown to be 13.6 percent better than a uniform design for a parabolic weighting function. It was also found that actuators located on the beam face elements were more effective than actuators located on the diagonal elements.


The widespread growth of Ad-hoc device networks represents future evolution of internet having the power to assemble, analyze, and distribute knowledge that may turn knowledge into information, knowledge, intelligent higher cognitive process and ultimately for future prediction. This latest progressive sensing, computing and communication system don't seem to be only dynamical client expectation in people's everyday lives however step by step taking them nearer to the long run era of connected everyday things, mistreatment mixtures of wired and wireless property. There are millions of protocols established to safeguard from DOS attack, however it's not dead doable. One such DOS attack is lamia attack. This lamia attack may be a resource depletion attacks at the routing protocol layer, that for good disconnect the networks by quickly exhausting nodes' battery power. These "Vampire" attacks don't seem to be specific to any specific protocol, however rather rely on the characteristics of the many well-liked categories of routing protocols. It's a troublesome task to see these attacks except causation solely protocol-compliant messages and discover it. Sometimes, one lamia will increase network-wide energy usage by an element of O (N), wherever N within the range of network nodes. Ways to discover and secure knowledge packets from vampires throughout the packet forwarding part is mentioned. Index Terms — DOS, node, packet, PLGP, routing protocol, sensor, vampire attacks.


The commercialization of fuel cell technology has been a long time coming. John Mousaw of Plug Power, USA, explains how technical advances, spurred on by deregulation, are at the point of bringing the technology to your front door.