We describe this paper as a Sentimental Journey from Hydrodynamics to Supergravity. Beltrami equation in three dimensions that plays a key role in the hydrodynamics of incompressible fluids has an unsuspected relation with minimal supergravity in seven dimensions. We show that just D=7 supergravity and no other theory with the same field content but different coefficients in the lagrangian, admits exact two‐brane solutions where Arnold‐Beltrami fluxes in the transverse directions have been switched on. The rich variety of discrete groups that classify the solutions of Beltrami equation, namely the eigenfunctions of the ☆d operator on a three‐torus, are by this newly discovered token injected into the brane world. A new quite extensive playing ground opens up for supergravity and for its dual gauge theories in three dimensions, where all classical fields and all quantum composite operators will be assigned to irreducible representations of discrete crystallographic groups Γ.


Abstract This article considers the importance of beach-front campgrounds in New Zealand, both as physical sites offering affordable public access to coastal environments, and as sites of social and psychological meaning. It traces the evolution of coastal campgrounds from 'freedom camping', to more formal (if initially basic) facilities, to the development of relatively up-market holiday parks offering a wide range of services and accommodation options. While camping styles and options changed significantly over the twentieth century, coastal camping itself became valorized as a 'kiwi tradition'. This mainstay of domestic tourism is widely perceived as an ideal way to use and access the coast. However, as part of a coastal property boom, many campgrounds are at risk of closure, and conversion to residential uses. Drawing on multiple sources of data, we chart the ongoing social and emotional significance of coastal campgrounds in New Zealand. While the immediate effect of closure is the displacement of a discrete number of current campers, the longer-term consequences include lost opportunities for future generations, the destruction of a sense of community, and a loss of place attachment.


This thesis describes the design and implementation of a synchronization mechanism, called the universe model, that is based on declaratively specified contractual relationships between client and supplier components. These synchronization contracts not only specify basic mutual exclusion and semantic predicates, but also explicit logical composition of those basic contracts by boolean operators, and implicit composition to recombine contracts that have been decomposed in order to modularize them. Such contracts are negotiated implicitly and transparently by a runtime system that observes primitives. We present a classification scheme for synchronization contracts, and describe how they can be added to existing object-oriented languages by means of a simple declarative language that expresses these contracts. We also present an implementation of a runtime system that negotiates these synchronization contracts: It draws upon ideas from garbage collection and distributed databases, and adapts them to negotiate synchronization contracts in a fashion that avoids deadlocks and starvation where feasible. While the resulting algorithms are complex, we have implemented them and present empirical validation to show that this implementation is efficient.


An overview of the main lines of criticism directed at advertising as an instruction and as a major producer of social messages and values. Critiques of advertising examined include the liberal rationalist, (neo) marxist, structuralist and cultural. The representation of women in advertisements is examined. The central dilemma of radical critiques is found to be the difficulty in substantiating the mostly harmful consequences and social and behavioural effects of advertising.


The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with primary malignant mediastinal non‐seminomatous germ cell tumor (MMNSGCT) by comparing the efficacies of different treatment modalities.


[PDF]  [Full Text]  [Abstract] , December 1, 2005; 94 (6): 4455-4470. J Neurophysiol A. Berkowitz Diverse Limb Movements Physiology and Morphology Indicate That Individual Spinal Interneurons Contribute to [PDF]  [Full Text]  [Abstract] , April 25, 2007; 27 (17): 4634-4641. J. Neurosci. A. Berkowitz Spinal Interneurons That Are Selectively Activated during Fictive Flexion Reflex [PDF]  [Full Text]  [Abstract] , October 1, 2007; 98 (4): 2223-2231. J Neurophysiol R. F. Samara and S. N. Currie for Right Left Hindlimb Alternation During Turtle Swimming Crossed Commissural Pathways in the Spinal Hindlimb Enlargement Are Not Necessary [PDF]  [Full Text]  [Abstract] , April 1, 2008; 99 (4): 1953-1968. J Neurophysiol R. F. Samara and S. N. Currie Interlimb Coordination During Voluntary Swimming in Turtles Location of Spinal Cord Pathways That Control Hindlimb Movement Amplitude and [PDF]  [Full Text]  [Abstract] , June 1, 2008; 99 (6): 2887-2901. J Neurophysiol A. Berkowitz Locomotion and Scratching Physiology and Morphology of Shared and Specialized Spinal Interneurons for


Intangible cultural art is an ancient life memory and living cultural gene of a nation, which embodies the collective wisdom and emotional spirit of the nation. The dissemination of intangible culture and art has important practical significance. There are several main ways of dissemination: personal dissemination, physical dissemination, dissemination through mass media, and new media dissemination. The computer 3D technology transmits the non-heritage culture and art in a complete and dynamic manner; it increases the repetition rate of the transmission of the non-heritage culture and art, and can also better complete the training and guidance for the inheritors.


Based on the eight indicator data of the Per Capita Annual Living Expenditure of Urban Residents from 31 provinces,cities and autonomous regions of China in 2009,the current consumption of urban residents structure was analyzed using the R statistical software to adopt the principal component analysis.The results showed that recreation,education and cultural services,transportation and communications,household appliances,housing,and food are the main factors affecting the size of changes in consumption,while clothing,medical care,housing,and food are the main factors that affect the changes in consumption structure;the size of consumption of urban residents in provinces and cities is closely related to the level of their economic development;it is quite similar to the adjacent provinces and cities in the consumption structure;and there are large differences in consumption structure between the mainland and coastal regions.


FormerFormer consultant microbiologist Lewisham Hospital (b 1926; q Oxford/St Thomas' Hospital Medical School 1952; DM), died from primary peritoneal cancer on 6 March 2006.

Figure 1

Pauline moved with her husband, Breffni O'Neill, to Bermuda, where she set up a clinical laboratory service for Bermuda Medical Associates. In 1962 she completed her training in medical microbiology at St Thomas' Hospital. In 1974 she was appointed consultant microbiologist at Joyce Green Hospital, Dartford, and then Lewisham Hospital, where she spent the rest of her medical career. She was director of pathology for around five years and retired in 1989. She leaves a partner, her four sons, and eight grandchildren.


Continuity of care implies that patients receive the care they need at the most appropriate time regardless of the fact that administratively separate agencies may be involved in its delivery. Although aftercare and its effect of preventing readmission has rarely been studied in the Netherlands, it is often stated that few discharged patients receive such care in a satisfactory manner. ... Zie: Summary


This paper aims to reconstruct and investigate the work done by the Ente Bolognese Manifestazioni Artistiche. Its activity, from 1964 to 1993, has proven to enhance the art history of the territory, with a view to framing national and international level.


This work was aimed at determining case-studies' impact on real companies regarding acquiring knowledge, developing non-technical ability and student motivation. A longitudinal study was thus carried out from 2004-05 to 2007-08, during which accountancy students from the tourism management course carried out real case studies, in groups of three, for becoming familiar with how to prepare and use management information in truism companies within their real context. The results showed that case-studies, carried out by students working as part of a group, in real companies directly increased motivation, improved acquiring knowledge and, above all, fomented developing non-technical ability, such as oral and written communication skills, team-work, searching for information, managing computer applications, improving analysis, synthesis and critical ability.


The variability of natural durability contributes to the bad perception of some wood end-users. In our search, we need to adjust our methods and strategies to estimate natural durability and extract higher value from wood resources. Architectural analysis is essentially a detailed, multilevel, comprehensive and dynamic approach to plant development. Numerous biological process which impact some wood properties like durability are linked with tree development. A better understanding of the interelationship between tree physiology through tree achitecture analysis and natural durability could be an approach to predict this property. This study explore the relation between the crown architecture, decay resistance and wood extractives in Dicorynia guianensis in order to propose tree crown architecture as an evalution decay resistance tool. (Resume d'auteur)


In this paper, aiming to improving robustness of the antenna used both on metallic objects and in air, a novel method including two steps is implemented. The first and the second steps are to ensure a good property of the antenna on metallic objects and in air, respectively. Noticeably, this method is univeral. Using the above method, a compact UHF RFID antenna with meandered dipoles and modified T-match networks is then proposed. Four movable connection stubs and H-slots together are used raising degrees of freedom to tune global frequency band. Reading distances and reflection coefficients are measured, showing a good agreement with that of simulation.


This study aims to analyze the effect of hotel occupancy rates, number of tourists, and the number of tourist objects on the income of the tourism sector in Kebumen Regency from 19902017. The dependent variable is tourism sector income and the independent variable is hotel occupancy rate, number of tourists, and number of tourist objects. The data used in the form ofsecondary data with the form of time series data obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) of Kebumen Regency and Central Java Province, the Department of Youth, Sports and Tourism, Kebumen Regency and Central Java Province. The method of data analysis uses Multiple Linear Regression Analysis. The results of the analysis show that the variable number of tourists does not significantly influence the income of the tourism sector in Kebumen Regency, the variable occupancy rate of hotels and the number of tourist objects significantly influence the income of the tourism sector in Kebumen Regency, there are simultaneous or joint effects and significance of the level variable hotel occupancy, number of tourists and number of tourist objects to the income variable of the tourism sector in Kebumen Regency.


Background information. Water is crucial for plant development and growth, and its transport pathways inside a plant are an ongoing topic for study. Plants express a large number of membrane intrinsic proteins whose role is now being re‐evaluated by considering not only the control of the overall plant water balance but also in adaptation to environmental challenges that may affect their physiology. In particular, we focused our work on water movements across the root cell TP (tonoplast), the delimiting membrane of the vacuole. This major organelle plays a central role in osmoregulation.


Investigates the interrelationships between the factors comprising the bank customer service quality construct through path analysis. Credibility is modelled as an outcome of the causal variables staff conduct, access to teller services and communication. Staff conduct emerges as the key variable explaining the direct and indirect linkages between the causal variables and the outcome variable. Those advocating high‐technology solutions as substitutes for branch staff may be ignoring the essence of high customer service quality which involves staff‐customer contact. It is necessary to provide adequate staff numbers to serve customers and train staff to be responsive and professional in their conduct. Structural equations and OLS regression were used to decompose zero‐order bivariate correlations into direct, indirect and spurious effects in the path model. Internal reliability coefficients for the four factors and instrument reliability are also calculated with gratifying results.


A protease was purified 163-fold from Pronase, a commercial product from culture filtrate of Streptomyces griseus, by a series of column chromatographies on CM-Toyopearl (Fractogel), Sephadex G-50, hydroxyapatite, and Z-Gly-D-Phe-AH-Sepharose 4B using Boc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Glu-pNA as a substrate. The final preparation was homogeneous by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and gel isoelectric focusing. Studies on the substrate specificity with peptide p-nitroanilides revealed that this protease preferentially hydrolyzed peptide bonds on the carbonyl-terminal side of either glutamic acid or aspartic acid. It was most active at pH 8.8 for the hydrolysis of Boc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Glu-pNA. The molecular weight of the protease was estimated to be 20,000 by gel filtration on Sepharose 6B using 6 M guanidine hydrochloride as an eluent, and 22,000 by SDS-PAGE in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol. The isoelectric point of the enzyme was 8.4. The enzyme was inactivated by diisopropyl phosphofluoridate (DFP) but not by p-chloromercuribenzoate (PCMB) or EDTA.


memory, social and emotional function, and school difficulties in patients receiving proton radiation after several aggressive surgeries compared with those treated with subtotal resection followed by proton therapy. This again speaks to the potential benefit of limited surgery and radiation for patients with tumors not amenable to gross total resection. We advocate for a "maximal safe resection," asking neurosurgeons to back out if they think they are even getting close to causing hypothalamic or pituitary damage and allowing patients to proceed to radiation, which still can effectively control these tumors. Ideally, pediatric patients who require radiation for craniopharyngiomas should be referred to a proton therapy center to limit late sequelae if at all possible.


This note presents new preliminary CLEO measurements on ψ(2S) → X + J/ψ transitions and reviews final CLEO results on n3S1 → n′3PJ, n′1S1 in charmonium and bottomonium.


This article examines first of all two aspects of the increasing role of history in international business: history as a source of research methods and history as an underpinning for international business theory.  Second, the authors present key themes related to international business in Southern Europe in the last two centuries, as analyzed in the other articles of the special issue devoted to this theme in this special issue of the Journal of Evolutionary Studies in Business.


Efficient communication is an essential part of cooperative work, and no less so in the case of radio communication during air combat. With time being a limited resource and the consequences of a misunderstanding potentially fatal there is little room for negligence. This work is an exploratory study which combines data mining, machine learning, natural language processing and visual analytics in an effort to investigate the possibilities of using radio traffic data from air combat simulations for human performance evaluation. Both temporal and linguistic properties of the communication were analyzed, with several promising graphical results. Additionally, utterance classification was successfully attempted with mean precision and recall both over 0.9. It is hoped that more complex and to a larger extent automated data based communication analysis can be built upon the results presented in this report.


The objective of this study is to model the lateral interactions between motorized vehicles (MVs) and non-motorized vehicles (NMVs) in mixed traffic. Road user trajectories from two locations in China are extracted using computer vision techniques. The critical lateral distance (the shortest lateral distance to initiate avoidance maneuvers) is used as the lateral interaction indicator. Lateral interactions are modelled using the parametric accelerated failure time (AFT) duration model with a Weibull distribution, and the unobserved heterogeneity is considered using gamma frailty. The results show that interaction probabilities increase at higher MV speeds or NMV-MV speed differences and decrease with the NMV or MV yaw rates. The critical lateral distances when NMV ride in the MV lanes are shorter than those in the NMV lane. Moreover, bikes have higher interaction probabilities than e-bikes. These findings give insights into lateral interaction behaviours in mixed traffic and support better designs of such facilities.


The objective of the study was to identify the effect of remuneration on motivation and performance of employees a case of Nation Media Group. Understanding what motivated employees and how they were motivated was the focus of many researchers following the publication of the Hawthorne Study results (Terpstra, 1979). Five major approaches that have led to our understanding of motivation are Maslow's need-hierarchy theory, Herzberg's twofactor theory, Vroom's expectancy theory, Adams' equity theory, and Skinner's reinforcement theory. Qualitative research was applied in this study. This is ideal because it facilitates the identification of variables for the study. In this study, the variables were derived from the research objectives. The population of interest in this study was employees at the Nation Media Group. A sample size of 100 employees of the target population will be used in this research on cessation. The study collected data u§ing a self administered questionnaire. Coded data was tabulated in Statistical Package for Social Science and Frequency * 4 ̂ tabulation was to capture the effect of remuneration on motivation and performance of


Psychological Aspects of Physical Symptoms is a worthy addition to the literature. Its most significant feature is the concisely written series of 46 case histories of young men admitted to a medical service. These histories contain a wealth of primary data regarding the setting of the illness, particularly concerning the object relationships of the patients. These data are nicely complemented by verbatim transcripts of the discharge summaries containing the relevant physical findings, accessory clinical data, and course in hospital. The author pays special attention to several variables such as sensorimotor configurations, somatic identification, sensitized organ systems, affects, and homeostatic shifts for each patient's illness. These inferences or judgments, while provocative, posed problems to this reader because of questions regarding their reliability. The basis for the author's denoting a particular "organ system" as "sensitized" is obscure. The comments following each clinical report are an excellent source of references and contain plausible


To identify pathological features in non‐malignant sextant prostate needle biopsies and assess their predictive value for detecting prostate cancer on biopsy 4 years later.


Maize plants, subjected to 0, 80, 120 and 160 meq l−1 salinity using NaCl, showed adverse effects on viability, germination and tube growth of pollen, besides enhancing the bursting of pollen. The endogenous levels of various metabolites in pollen were also affected. Pollen grains from salinized plants had more soluble carbohydrates, free amino acids, especially proline, phenols and DNA and less starch, protein and RNA compared to the non-saline controls. Salinity also resulted in the accumulation of ions such as Na+, K+ and Cl− while it caused a reduction in the boron content of pollen. These metabolic disturbances possibly lead to decreased viability, germination and tube growth of pollen thereby resulting into a reduction in reproductive capacity of the plants under salt stress.


The present invention relates to a titanium alloy which is capable of nonlinear elastic deformation and simultaneously has super-high strength, super-low elastic modulus and stable super-elastic properties. The titanium alloy according to the present invention comprises Nb, Zr and O as alloy elements, the remainder being Ti and inevitable impurities, and has a valance electron ratio (e/a) of 4.17 to 4.22, a Mo equivalent (Mo eq ) of 7.50 to 9.72, and an Al equivalent (Al eq ) of 1.42 to 14.53.


Hospice care was a group by the various strata of society,and it provided physiology,mental state and the overall support and care of the societyfor hospice patient.Nurse must applicate humanity nursing,made patient feeled cosiness ,sedateness and has dignity.


The recent huge increase of the interest in the implementation of quantum information processing (QIP) focused an attention on the semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) as nano-systems with controllable quantum states both in charge and spin degrees of freedom. This creates an opportunity for discussing and modeling of QD-based qubits and quantum-logic gates for prospective quantum computer. Despite of many efforts in this respect the progress is, however, disappointing and the barrier of so-called diVincenzo criteria required to be fulfilled for the QIP technology is not broken and even not approached in any realistic proposal of using QDs for qubits and quantum gates. The reason of this situation is linked with unavoidable restrictions imposed on the coherence and the coherent control of quantum states in QDs, which precludes scalable implementation of qubits and quantum gates based on QDs. The decoherence of charge and of spin degrees of freedom in QDs and QD-systems locates inconveniently straight in the middle of the required six-orders of magnitude diVincenzo window for time scale of the control in comparison to the decoherence rate. This leads to the so-called 'three-orders time-limit' for QIP implementations in QDs. Some advantages of spin degrees of freedom in QDs can be noticed, however. Even though the time scale of the decoherence of spin in of particular practical importance magnetic QDs still is located in the center of six-orders diVincenzo window, the amplitude of the phase decoherence of spin might be frozen on a small level in proximity of the zero temperature. Short critical overview of the dephasing restrictions imposed on the QD technology is the aim of this chapter.


FIELD: physics. SUBSTANCE: invention can be used to detect data when used in combination with a device for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Essence of invention consists in that magnetic field detection unit serves for detecting a temporally varying magnetic field generated by MRI apparatus, and a time-stamping unit generates magnetic field detection timestamps in dependence of detected temporally varying magnetic field. EFFECT: enabling determination of time ratio with collected MRI data. 15 cl, 5 dwg


The invention concerns a process for producing ceramic, metallic or ceramo-metallic shaped bodies or layers. The object of the invention is to propose a simple process for producing shaped bodies or layers which can be carried out in an environmentally friendly manner. A compound which can be cast or shaped is produced from a mass comprising sugar and/or urea-containing substances and the necessary substance components involved. The compound is moulded to form a green body or is applied in the form of a layer. The product is heat-treated and sintered.


Condensed matter realization of a single Dirac cone of fermions in two dimensions is a long-standing issue. Here we report the discovery of a single gapless Dirac cone of half-quantized Hall conductance in a magnetically-doped topological insulator heterostructure. It demonstrates that the Hall conductance is half-quantized in the unit e^{2}/h when the parity symmetry is invariant near the Fermi surface. The gapless Dirac point is stable and protected by the local parity symmetry and the topologically nontrivial band structure of the topological insulator. The one-half Hall conductance observed in a recent experiment [Mogi et al, Nat. Phys. 18, 390 (2022)] is attributed to the existence of the gapless Dirac cone. The results suggest a condensed matter realization of a topological phase with a one-half topological invariant.


In this article, I cast doubt on an apparent truism, namely, that if evidence is available for gathering and use at a negligible cost, then it's always instrumentally rational for us to gather that evidence and use it for making decisions. Call this 'value of information' (VOI). I show that VOI conflicts with two other plausible theses. The first is the view that an agent's evidence can entail non-trivial propositions about the external world. The second is the view that epistemic rationality requires us to update our credences by conditionalization. These two theses, given some plausible assumptions, make room for rationally biased inquiries where VOI fails. I go on to argue that this is bad news for defenders of VOI.


The superconductor-Schottky (super-Schottky) diode has been extended to millimeter wavelengths by manipulation of the semiconductor interface, and measurements are reported at 31 and 92 GHz. Diodes were formed by pulse electroplating Pb on 2 × 1019cm-3p-GaAs which was etched wth HCl. A thin Au overplate protects the Pb surface from degradation and extends the lifetime of the diode. The diodes were contacted with cat whiskers and mounted across 1/4 height waveguide. The measured diode noise performance is nearly ideal at both 31 and 92 GHz. At 31 GHz, the reported performance is L c = 8.6 dB, T mixer = 10K, NEP = 4.8 × 10-16W/Hz1/2; at 92 GHz, L c = 18 dB, 76K mixer < 190K. Therefore this device is a quantum-noise-limited detector at 31 GHz (measured sensitivity of 7 photons) but suffers from excess parasitic losses at 92 GHz. Reducing the loss at 92 GHz will require further engineering of either the semiconductor surface or the contact geometry.


In response to the comments on our 1989 paper "Prehispanic Saltmaking in Belize: New Evidence," we agree with Valdez and Mock that it is possible that some Prehispanic saltmaking sites in Belize may have been oriented toward the preservation of animal-protein resources, but caution against extending the interpretation of their NRL site to the status of generalization. While we may have misinterpreted Marcus, we wish to clarify that we never implied that salt production was a causal factor in Maya state formation.


Objective:To understand the biological behaviors of cancer stem cells and associated regulation mechanisms.Methods: To sort cancer stem cells from MCF-7 cells,which we identified and sorted basing Hoechst 33342 dye exclusion of stem cells.And the subpopulation of the cells which could efflux Hoechst33342 called SP cells.Then we studied the biological behaviors of SP cells and non-SP cells,such as proliferation,differentiation,and self-renewal.And we applied flow cytometry,immunofluorescence technic,and fluorescent quantitation RT-PCR to study the key molecules of Wnt signaling pathway which is closely related to the biological behaviors of stem cells.Results: The percentage of SP in MCF-7 cells was(4.01±0.18)%;SP cells perform a higher speed proliferation rate and higher clone formation rate than non-SP cells;the re-cultured SP cells can differentiate into SP and non-SP cells;the expressions of β-catenin,c-myc and cyclinD1 were higher,phosphorylated β-catenin was lower,as compared with non-SP cells.Conclusion: The activity of Wnt signaling pathway is over-regulated in SP cells.


Eccentric photorefraction and Purkinje image tracking are used to estimate refractive state and eye position simultaneously. Beyond vision screening, they provide insight into typical and atypical visual development. Systematic analysis of the effect of refractive error and spectacles on photorefraction data is needed to gauge the accuracy and precision of the technique.


Objective To investigate the preparation and stability of compound cefaclor tablets.Methods The compound cefaclor tablets were prepared.The quality standard Were established.A HPLC method WaS established to determine the content and stability of samples.Results The prepared tablets was stable and the quality could be controlled.Conclusion The tablets were of reasonable formulation,good sample technology and good stability.The established method is accurate and reliable for the dissolution test for compound cefaclor tablets.The method can be used for quality control of compound cefaclor tablets.

Key words:
Cefaclor; Quality standard; Stability


Previous results in the literature have found the young inner-disk open cluster NGC 6705 to be mildly α-enhanced. We examined this possibility via an independent chemical abundance analysis for 11 red-giant members of NGC 6705. The analysis is based on near-infrared APOGEE spectra and relies on LTE calculations using spherical model atmospheres and radiative transfer. We find a mean cluster metallicity of $\rm [Fe/H] = +0.13 \pm 0.04$, indicating that NGC 6705 is metal-rich, as may be expected for a young inner-disk cluster. The mean α-element abundance relative to iron is $\rm \langle [\alpha /Fe]\rangle =-0.03 \pm 0.05$, which is not at odds with expectations from general Galactic abundance trends. NGC 6705 also provides important probes for studying stellar mixing, given its turn-off mass of M∼3.3 M⊙. Its red giants have low 12C abundances ([12C/Fe]=−0.16) and enhanced 14N abundances ([14N/Fe]=+0.51), which are key signatures of the first dredge-up on the red giant branch. An additional signature of dredge-up was found in the Na abundances, which are enhanced by [Na/Fe]=+0.29, with a very small non-LTE correction. The 16O and Al abundances are found to be near-solar. All of the derived mixing-sensitive abundances are in agreement with stellar models of approximately 3.3 M⊙ evolving along the red giant branch and onto the red clump. As found in young open clusters with similar metallicities, NGC 6705 exhibits a mild excess in the s-process element cerium, with $\rm [Ce/Fe] = +0.13\pm 0.07$.


Quinidine sulfate, orally administered in tablets coated with a material delaying their absorption, produces concentration curves in the blood serum similar to those of uncoated tablets. However, there is a delay in the appearance and the attaining of maximum concentrations with the coated tablets, although higher levels may persist for 12 hours. Defects in coating may cause faulty failure of absorption. The advantages of using such a preparation of quinidine are: (1) avoidance of nausea in susceptible persons, (2) providing effective concentrations of the drug during the night and thereby preventing nocturnal attacks of arrhythmias, and (3) providing greater concentrations of the drug in the morning, when attempts at conversions of arrhythmias may require therapy over several days or more.


Equal distribution of suffrage is given a nearly "quasi-religious" status by democrats. However, the right to vote rests on a presumption of capacity, and knowledge and competence therefore are important features of democratic arrangements. Democratic theory often assumes that, in order for (representative) democracy to work properly, the average citizen should be interested in, and pay attention to, politics. In reality, however, only a minority of citizens live up to these standards. This paper examines whether demands of uncontroversial knowledge, that is, knowledge about what it means to vote, can be demanded of voters in order for them to be allowed to vote. It is concluded that, for reasons of justice and "issues of mutual concern", such demands can be raised regarding such uncontroversial knowledge (but perhaps not for knowledge more controversial in kind).


In this study, we examine the factors that best facilitate the establishment of a successful, conversionbased marketing strategy in the construction industry, and int he case of manufacturers. We aim to identify the channels, devices and elements of communication that are best suited to getting our message across. Our research project which relied on literature on this topic took the form of a quantitative study on consumers' preferred information channels and the most relevant factors in their decision making processes. We outline a proposed communication strategy based on the conclusions We've drawn from respondents' replies.


The feasibility of using solar energy and seawater respectively as the cold and heat sources for air-conditioning systems was discussed.The structure form and characteristics of the centralized and decentralized systems were analyzed.A heat pump system was presented,and its operating modes of cooling in summer and heating in winter were studied.The solutions and different operation modes utilizing the two low-level energy resources,the solar energy and seawater energy alternately to provide heating and cooling,or utilizing both of them to provide heating,were discussed.The results show that,when running under refrigeration pattern using summer seawater energy,the proposed system can reach very high refrigeration coefficient,about 1.8 times of the existing air-source units,and when running under heating pattern in winter,the system has the potential of saving 2/3 or more electric power compared with the traditional heating units.Moreover,the system has good environmental performance,reflected mainly in the reduced emission of carbon dioxide.


Introduction: Infectious diseases threaten the public health; hence understanding their propagation mechanisms may help to control them. Mathematical models are tools that can help the scientists to understand the pathogens' propagations and can provide strategies for their control in future. Methods: Using mathematical theorems and MATLAB software, a continuous-time model known as susceptible-infected-susceptible (SIS) for transmission of infection in a population was described and the effects of a vaccination program based on this framework was investigated. Results: It was shown that the model had two equilibria: the infection-free equilibrium and the infected equilibrium. A specific threshold in terms of model parameters was obtained and then the existence of the equilibria and asymptotic stability of the system were stated with respect to this threshold. The theoretical results were also verified numerically by providing several simulations. Conclusion: The results indicated the stability of this model which emphasized that parameters such as restricting the immigration, reducing harmful contacts between the susceptible and the infected individuals, increasing awareness level of people, and most-importantly vaccination will reduce the basic reproduction number and help to control the disease. Moreover, a relation to calculate the minimum doses for vaccinating of the new-comers and the susceptible individuals, was obtained.


This paper fires the opening salvo in the systematic construction of the lattice-continuum correspondence, a precise dictionary that describes the emergence of continuum quantum theories from finite, nonperturbatively defined models ("lattice theories"). Here the focus will be on quantum field theory in (0+1)D, i.e. quantum mechanics. The main conceptual achievement is an explicit and systematic procedure for reducing a theory with a large but finite Hilbert space to a subtheory in which wavefunctions satisfy prescribed smoothness and compactness constraints. This reduction, here named taming, in effect defines quantum mechanics on a continuum target space. When appropriate lattice theories are tamed, many familiar continuum notions explicitly emerge, e.g. canonical commutation relations, contact terms in correlation functions, continuous spacetime symmetries, and supersymmetry algebras. All of these are thus"put on the lattice"using the present framework. This analysis also leads to further insights into old subjects: for example, it is proven that any supersymmetric lattice theory must have a vanishing Witten index.


Judges often review decisions made by government actors, such as agencies or legislatures, with greater expertise about the effects of different policy choices. One judicial response to this asymmetric information problem has been to shift the focus of review from a substantive evaluation of the policy to an assessment of the quality of the explanation the government offers in support of that choice. Proponents of this type of "hard look" review argue that it improves the quality of government decisions; critics charge that it imposes costs on government policymakers without providing useful information to reviewing courts. This paper offers an alternative perspective: Judicially-imposed explanation requirements can help reviewing courts overcome their informational disadvantage for reasons that are independent of their ability to assess the substantive content of government explanations. If producing impressive explanations is expensive, then the court can reason that the government's willingness to produce a high-quality explanation signals the government's belief that the proposed policy has large benefits. Furthermore, if the preferences of the court and government are positively correlated in expectation, then the fact that the government places a high value on the policy means the policy is more likely to be acceptable to the court. Therefore, judicial evaluation of explanation quality ameliorates the court's informational disadvantage, and may induce a court to uphold a government decision it would otherwise invalidate. The paper develops this costly signaling perspective on hard look review in the administrative law context, and then considers other applications in constitutional and criminal law. * Assistant Professor of Law, Harvard Law School. I am grateful to David Barron, Ethan Bueno de Mesquita, Jody Freeman, Barry Friedman, Elizabeth Garrett, Bert Huang, Howell Jackson, Louis Kaplow, Adriaan Lanni, Daryl Levinson, John Manning, Gerry Neuman, Eric Posner, Matt Price, Mark Ramseyer, Fred Schauer, Dan Schwarcz, Ken Shepsle, Jed Shugerman, Bill Stuntz, Cass Sunstein, Judge Stephen Williams, Adrian Vermeule, and the participants in the Harvard Law School Law & Economics Workshop for helpful comments on earlier drafts. A SIGNALING THEORY OF HARD LOOK REVIEW A COSTLY SIGNALING THEORY OF "HARD LOOK" JUDICIAL REVIEW Matthew C. Stephenson © 2006 Matthew C. Stephenson. All Rights Reserved. American public law entrusts judges with considerable power to review the decisions of other government actors. While judicial review sometimes involves only abstract questions of law, more often it entails implicit or explicit evaluation of a government decision-maker's empirical or predictive judgments. Yet most judges are generalist lawyers with minimal experience in scientific, economic, or policy analysis. The government actors whose decisions are reviewed, on the other hand, are often thought to have considerable expertise in such matters. This creates a dilemma for reviewing courts and raises a more general puzzle regarding the design of American public law institutions. The dilemma for courts is that judges do not want to abdicate their responsibility or their power to constrain other government officials, but they are reluctant to second-guess the choices of more expert decision-makers, especially when complex or technical issues are involved. The institutional design puzzle is how one might account for pervasive review of expert decisions by non-expert courts, and whether mechanisms have emerged to address the difficulties inherent in this sort of arrangement. One judicial response to the dilemma just described is to require that the government provide a sufficient explanation for its proposed action, often in the form of a written record or statement. Proponents of this approach, which is sometimes referred to as "hard look" review, contend that judicial scrutiny of government explanations can reconcile the perceived need for expert decision-making and the perceived need for a judicial check. This proposed reconciliation, however, is problematic. The same lack of expertise that makes it hard for a generalist court to evaluate a government decision on the merits also makes it hard for the court to assess the coherence, accuracy, and methodological soundness of the government's explanation for its action. Critics of hard look review have also raised serious questions about whether the kind of lawyerly rationality demanded by reviewing courts has any particularly strong connection to substantively rational policy-making. Therefore, in those cases where it is difficult or impossible for courts to assess the substance of the government's explanation for its decision, it is not always clear what hard look review accomplishes, and some have suggested that it amounts to little more than meaningless theater. 1 The term "hard look" review was coined by Judge Harold Leventhal of the D.C. Circuit. See Pikes Peak Broadcasting Co. v. FCC, 422 F.2d 671, 682 (D.C. Cir. 1969); Greater Boston Television Corp. v. FCC, 444 F.2d 841, 851 (D.C. Cir. 1970). As originally formulated by Judge Leventhal, the term "hard look" review referred to the idea that reviewing courts are supposed to ensure that the agency has taken a "hard look" at salient aspects of the decision problem. Over time, however, the phrase has come to connote the idea that courts are supposed to take a "hard look" at the agency's decision process. See National Lime Assoc. v. EPA, 627 F.2d 416, 451 n. 126 (D.C. Cir. 1980).


Mr. Nichols, in his History of Leicestershire, mentions some Roman ruins near Stoke, in Lincolnshire, which were visible in 1670. Being in company with Sir Charles Broke Vere, and having this intimation of Mr. Nichols's in our minds, we dismounted at some rough ground in the hamlet of North Stoke, where there had evidently been buildings, and my friend soon found a piece of tile, which led to the discovery of Roman Baths and very slight vestiges of a Villa.


1973 Schinzel proved that the standard logarithmic height h on the maximal totally real field extension of the rationals is either zero or bounded from below by a positive constant. In this paper we study this property for canonical heights associated to rational functions and the corresponding dynamical system on the affine line. At the end, we will give a few remarks on the behavior of h on finite extensions of the maximal totally real field.


Marketing research is important to assist the whole marketing system in
managerial decision making through relevant, accurate, and on-time information.
One of the marketing aspects most frequently investigated concerns with
marketing communication and consumer behavior. Marketing communication is
conducted by producers through numerous methods, including advertisements,
sales promotions, experiences, public relation and notification, direct selling, and
ual media has been considered as one of the most effective promotion
mix instruments used in deliverin create consumer perception and
attitude
ement with
e effects of consumer
ercept
personal selling. Among the promotion efforts, television advertisement using
audio vis
g messages to
for consumers purchase intention and even purchasing decision. To attract
consumer interest to watch advertisement presented, a company should make
creative advertisement. One of them is conducted through the use of serial-dramabased
advertisement as implemented in the Ponds� cosmetics product
advertisement. This research aimed to identify whether consumer perception on
the serial advertisements of Ponds� cosmetic products provided significant
influences on consumer attitude and purchase intention, and to compare consumer
perception on the consumer attitude towards serial advertising and consumer
perception on the consumer attitude toward non serial advertising. In this research,
the effects of consumer perception on the consumer attitude and consumer
purchase intention towards Ponds� cosmetics products were measured.
This was an experimental research with participants divided into 2 groups,
namely, participant group treated with serial advertisement, and participant group
treated with non serial-advertisement. Research instruments exploited involved
advertisement video samples of Ponds� cosmetics and research questionnaires.
Total samples were 60 persons in each group of serial advertisement and non
serial-advertisement. Data obtained were analyzed using simple regression and
significance test through the use of SPSS 17 for Windows.
Based on the regression analysis, it was showed that the significant effects
of consumer perception on the consumer attitude toward serial advertis
t-test 8,205, the significant effects of consumer perception on serial advertisement
towards consumer purchasing intention with t-test 8,797, and the significant
effects of consumer attitude on the serial advertisement toward consumer
purchasing intention wiht t-test 6,274. After comparison between the effects of
consumer perception on consumer attitude towards serial advertisement, and the
effects of the effects of consumer perception on the consumer attitude on nonserial
advertisement using t-test it was indicated that th
p ion on the consumer attitude toward serial advertisement was higher than
the consumer perception towards the consumer attitude on non-serial
advertisement.


To evaluate the variation in 'Palmer' mango yield related to soil formation and soil physical and chemical properties, we studied a transect with 11 soil profiles, selected according to the altitude in a commercial orchard. Surface and subsurface diagnostic horizons were described up to two meters in depth. Soil depth, texture, structure, consistency, clay coating, cementation, and color of each horizon were morphologically determined. Undisturbed and disturbed samples were used to determine the soil total porosity, macroporosity, microporosity, density, saturated hydraulic conductivity, granulometry, total organic carbon, pH, sum of bases, and the contents of P, S, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Al, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn. The number of fruits (for production estimates), stem diameter, canopy area, and plant height were determined in four plants around each soil profile. Three classes of soil showed good suitability for mango cultivation: Argisol Red-Yellow Eutrophic typic, Cambisol Haplic Eutrophic Tb, and Latosol Red Yellow Eutrophic typic. The 'Palmer' mango yield was correlated with the K contents, sum of bases, and pH. The low yield was a result of the low K content associated with the presence of gravel.


In a world of progress in software engineering, development needs to be done. Development of software engineering in the field of information technology is very diverse ranging from multi-program and multi-user systems. And the Internet is one of the real forms of RPL development in the field of IT. On site learning process simulation and modeling software development done, namely the development in terms of appearance and database administrators viewed the side. View in terms of user tables that are considered less efficient and less satisfactory for the admin in question is a problem. For that, the author tried to develop ways to maximize appearance and be more efficient. Thus, on the admin side is easier to access the data user should. Which will be discussed in the writing task with the title USERS TABLES EFFICIENCY ON SITE OF SIMULATION & MODEL LEARNING In this final task will be discussed on the site development process starting from the study sites will be developed and then search for and collect the data needed, and then start by making the design and implementation and the subsequent conduct trials.


PURPOSE: A method for using contents, a method for sharing contents and a device based on security level are provided to prevent a device which does not satisfy usage requirement conditions of contents from using contents, thereby improving security. CONSTITUTION: An IPTV receiving module(41) transceives data with a service provider(20). A security controller performs security control related functions. The security controller receives contents transmitted from the service provider and content related information. The security controller controls whether to transmit the contents.


From the point view of changes in production organization,the industry relation and its changes are analyzed,and the focus is on the dynamic changes and characteristics between labor and capital in Marx's economic theory. At the same time,the social environment and the organizational changes are reflected and the distribution of industry in various stages is explored. The results show the substantial industrial relation characteristics of the creation of a common capital and laborcapital wage-labor-working capital to employ three stages of the substantive industrial relations Characteristics three-stages.


The August 8, 2002 edition of the "Scott County News," a weekly newspaper published in Oneida, Tennessee, features a front page article on Arlenia West. "88-Year-Old Arlenia (Arleny) West Named 2002 Farmer of the Year," reads the headline. In a photograph accompanying the article is a picture of Arleny. Her gray hair is pinned back in a small bun and she is wearing a print dress and comfortable, moccasin-style shoes. She has both hands placed on her cane, and she is smiling broadly. In another picture we see her standing in her famous sweet potato patch well known throughout the county. It's a patch of an unusual white variety of sweet potato started from slips her uncle gave her in 1935 and that she has maintained ever since.


Introduction Gallstones are one of the most common medical problems. They can cause acute or chronic cholecystitis and result in surgery. Approximately 500.000 cholecystectomies are performed each year in the United States. The incidence of this disorder increases with age and is twice as high in females than males [1, 2]. There may be pain radiating to the right scapula region and the *1Tülay Diken Allahverdi, 2Ertuğrul Allahverdi


The supporter has a holding section for fixing in a receiver of a processing machine. A supporting part (2) is provided for a fixing unit, which is made of metal. The fixing unit is arranged along a longitudinal axis of the supporting part. The fixing unit is embedded partially in the supporting part such that a fixing surface of the fixing unit can be processed, where the supporting part is made of polymer material. Independent claims are also included for the following: (1) a fixing unit with a fixing surface (2) a method for producing a fixing unit to be processed for fixing at an individual upper surface.


Sleeve gastrectomy, which is based on reducing the size of the stomach, is one of the most successful bariatric surgeries and is yet to be standardized. One of the reasons is the lack of a method to obtain an accurate remnant stomach volume. The weight loss obtained postsurgery is highly correlated with the remnant stomach volume. Therefore, it is important to get consistently an accurate remnant stomach volume to be able to compare sleeve gastrectomy with other surgeries and in order to predict the weight loss. In addition, the measurement of the pyloric pressure is important for understanding the mechanism of weight loss and predicting complication postsurgery. A surgical assistive device for sleeve gastrectomy surgery is presented in this paper. The purpose of this instrument is to assist surgeons in obtaining an accurate remnant stomach volume and in measuring the pyloric pressure. The device consists of several inflatable compartments controllable by the surgeon. Prototype laboratory test results gave an accuracy of 96.7% and a repeatability of 97.6% .for different desired volumes using air for compartment inflation, and an accuracy of 96.3% and a repeatability of 98.4% for different desired volumes using water for compartment inflation. The pressure measurement accuracies obtained are 96.8% using air and 99.7% using water. It is worth noting that these accuracies are expected to differ when the device is tested in vivo.


This article introduces four major practical methods of storing and verification of password by using the VB developing software,and provides each main section of program implement.It also compares the advantages and disadvantages of each method.Finaly it discuss-es some problems on the password encryption and the special password input realizing through the hidden credits screen.


A generalization of the conventional mode-matching technique, which corresponds to a new formulation of the problem of mode diffraction on the waveguide discontinuity, is proposed. To represent the sought-for solution of the problem the Fresnel formulae for scattering operators are introduced. It is shown that the correctness of this matrix model is completely determined by the found properties of the scattering operators. The universality of the obtained operator model is established for a whole class of the considered problems of mode diffraction on the abrupt and resonant discontinuities in a waveguide. The unconditional convergence of the projection approximation to the true solution is proved analytically. The analytical estimations for condition number of exact and approximate matrix models are obtained. To state the results the matrix-operator formalism of the modal analysis is used. The proposed approach was developed for efficient and rigorous analysis of microwave devices.


This paper compares the results of numerical simulations for the rapid, steady flow of identical spheres colliding with a flat frictional boundary with the recent predictions of Jenkins for the dynamic friction coefficient and flux of fluctuating energy at the boundary. The predicted variation of the dynamic friction coefficient is observed in the simulations. However, because the model ignores the spin fluctuations, it provides only a qualitative description of the flux.


Over the course of the past 24 years, research groups in eight countries have carried out 28 independent evaluation studies on IPT with the inclusion of 1,329 schizophrenia patients. The present study examines the effectiveness of IPT under varying treatment conditions by means of a meta-analytic review. The most salient results indicate favorable mean effect sizes for IPT in comparison to control groups (placebo-attention conditions, standard care). Moreover, the superiority of IPT continues to increase during an average catamnestic phase of 8.1 months. IPT obtains similarly favorable effects in contrasting functional areas (neurocognition, social behavior, psychopathology), as well as in different assessment formats (expert ratings, self-reports, psychological tests). A comparison of the distinct settings used in IPT and for the control groups shows the superiority of IPT in any given therapy or site condition. An analysis of sub-samples, incorporating inpatients, outpatients and other patient groups in various rehabilitation phases, reveals correspondingly favorable effects. In addition, the selection of exclusively high-quality studies yields comparable results. In summary, the present meta-analysis corroborates evidence of IPT as an "empirically validated treatment" according to APA guidelines.


1. The electric syringe for sealing compounds soderzhaschiyuchastok main body including a mounting portion for receiving the cylindrical container containing the material for the seal, an electric motor disposed within a portion of the main body, a driving gear, driven by a rotating manner around the axis of the toothed wheels by the electric motor, the push rod is adapted to be pressed on the cylindrical container is mounted in the mounting lan e for the cylindrical container for the distribution material for sealing of the cylindrical container, wherein the push rod has a rack engaged with the driving gear, so that the push rod is moved forward and backward along the transport path through substantially the central position relative to the width in the right direction and the left portion of the main body, wherein the electric motor is substantially parallel to the axis of the gear wheel and extends in the right and left direction through Vertical battening plane including a path of movement of the push sterzhnya.2. The electric syringe for sealing compounds according to claim 1, wherein the vertical plane of the push rod extends substantially through the central position of the electric motor relative to the direction to the right and vlevo.3. The electric syringe for sealing compounds according to claim 1, wherein the electric motor has a motor shaft extending substantially perpendicular to the vertical plane of the push sterzhnya.4. The electric syringe for sealing cos


With innovation and entrepreneurship said to be the saving grace for Australia's economic future,there is a pressing need to unravel the complexities of entrepreneurial ecosystems as a conducive context for cultivating new businesses initiatives. This paper reports on the deconstruction and analysis of the entrepreneurial ecosystem concept, as undertaken in a symposium by a group of international scholars interested in advancing this pre-paradigmatic perspective. Consistencies, contrasts and contributions from theoretical paradigms – particularly business networks and systems thinking - are explored to reveal parallels and divergences. The concepts of place and dynamics specifically emerge as potentially making a significant contribution toward advancing our current understanding of entrepreneurial ecosystems and provide a potential path forward for research and policy investigations.;


1. My major concern is that the study was conducted seven years after the bottom trawling has been closed in the Darwin Mound SAC. The baseline information on macrofaunal communities in the area is not presented in the manuscript. To understand the effect of bottom trawling, data needs to be collected before the impact, in disturbed communities and monitored after the impact. When material is collected seven years after the impact, it is not clear what is analysed. Seven years is a good time for complete (or almost complete) recovery of heavily disturbed deep-sea benthic C7743


where ke is a method-independent constant. According to ANSI Z136, this analytic expression for MPE we use holds for a wide range of wavelengths from visible light to NIR light (including commonly used 630nm, 800nm, 938nm, and 1064nm), as long as the temporal duration is longer than 18μs. When SWIR laser such as 1550nm is used, eye-safety is not a concern, and our system's SNR gain still holds. When the temporal duration is shorter than 18μs, which could happen for point scanning (e.g., 10μs for each point for a 10fps 10k-point system), we still use this expansion as an approximation for ease of derivation; it is easy to verify that the conclusion still holds with the exact formula. Rearranging Eq. 1,


This meta-analysis aimed to re-examine the available evidence on the effectiveness of the risk, need, and responsivity principles of the RNR model in family interventions for juvenile delinquency. As previous reviews did not examine these principles fully in line with their original definitions, this review aimed to improve the coding of the RNR principles and to re-evaluate their association with intervention effectiveness. A three-level meta-analysis of k  =  31 studies reporting on 71 effect sizes revealed an overall small and significant intervention effect ( d  =  0.382, p < .001). Although larger effects were found for interventions adhering to any of the RNR principles, none of the RNR principles significantly moderated overall intervention effectiveness. Interventions specifically targeting antisocial recreational activities, and interventions taking into account the youth's age and cultural background did significantly increase overall effectiveness. The results reveal that strong and convincing empirical support for the RNR principles is not yet available, which can mainly be explained by limitations in the design of primary studies on the RNR principles and intervention effectiveness. Suggestions are offered to improve the quality of both primary and secondary research that is needed for establishing a better empirical evidence for the widely acknowledged RNR model.


The utility model discloses a system capable of controlling household appliances by utilizing an intelligent mobile phone, which comprises household appliances with intelligent controllers or infrared interfaces and a mobile phone with a Bluetooth interface. The system capable of controlling household appliances by utilizing the intelligent mobile phone is characterized in that the household appliances with intelligent controllers are provided with Bluetooth interfaces or USB (Universal Serial Bus) interfaces; Bluetooth-to-infrared conversion modules are arranged at the infrared interfaces of the household appliances with infrared interfaces, and the household appliances and the mobile phone can be in a wireless communication through a Bluetooth protocol; a processing unit of the mobile phone with the intelligent controller is used for receiving an operational command of a user and extracting control commands of the corresponding household appliances from a storage unit, and sending control information to the Bluetooth interfaces or connecting the control information onto the Bluetooth modules or into the Bluetooth-to-infrared conversion modules of the USB interfaces of the corresponding household appliances through the Bluetooth interfaces. The system capable of controlling household appliances by utilizing the intelligent mobile phone has good universality and compatibility, so that the cost for improving the conventional household appliances by utilizing the system is low and the system capable of controlling household appliances by utilizing the intelligent mobile phone is suitable for being popularized in our daily life.


Fructose malabsorption syndrome is a disease that was first described less than 15 years ago (1)(2). In some patients, fructose malabsorption probably reflects a defect in the duodenal fructose transporter GLUT-5, a facilitative hexose transporter with limited capacity (3). In patients with fructose malabsorption, large quantities of fructose reach the colon where they are broken down by bacteria into short fatty acids, CO2, and H2 (4). Bloating, abdominal discomfort, and sometimes osmotic diarrhea are induced by the degradation products produced by the colonic bacteria. It is believed that ∼36% of the European population has fructose malabsorption in a more or less severe form, and approximately one-half of those affected are symptomatic (5).

We recently found that fructose malabsorption is associated with early signs of mental depression (6), folic acid deficiency (7), and lower plasma tryptophan concentrations (8). We have examined whether serum zinc and iron are changed in fructose malabsorbers compared with lactose maldigestors.

One hundred forty-seven otherwise healthy adult outpatients (104 women and 43 men), ages 16–76 years (mean ± SD, 44.7 ± 13.2 years), who visited a physician's office for a medical health check-up and reported gastrointestinal complaints in a health questionnaire were studied. None of the patients showed signs of inflammatory bowel disease or any other chronic or infectious diseases, and none was taking medication except for contraceptives in some women. All 147 patients underwent H2 breath testing after an oral load of fructose, and 128 patients underwent oral load with lactose 1 week apart. Blood samples were taken after an overnight fast for determination of zinc, iron, transferrin, and ferritin. To rule out non-H2-producers, a single H2 …


The regional cultural interest is a transversal element to every community, thus directly related to their notion of "cultural heritage". This paper proposes a new methodology for the development of the Cultural Interest Map for the Medio Tejo/Portugal, centered on a Geographic Information Systems model, built upon official data from archaeological sites, architectural heritage and cultural equipment. The purpose and therefore aim was to identify a set of clusters and its surroundings, which are areas of cultural interest. The model in Geographic Information Systems involved several classification stages, allowing the construction of the Medio Tejo/Portugal cultural interest map, based on agglomeration degrees of cultural interest.


Objective:To approach the application of MEBO in treating bum wound caused by laser and to observe the efficacy so as to find a better way to treat burn wound caused by laser treatment.Method:The wounds caused by vari- ous laser treatment were treated with MEBO.Results:107 cases with the burn wounds caused by laser treatment all healed with MEBO treatment.Conclusion:It is a reliable and acceptable therapy to apply MEBO to the bum wound caused by la- ser treatment.All 107 cases treated healed without appeared scaring although the wounds were undertaken various period of the treatment.


: The paper presents phased array results for 1-D linear array probes of high frequency (7-10 MHz) in L-, and S-waves for detecting the crack shape and the last significant tip. Fatigue and stress-corrosion cracks with height ranging from 1.6 mm to 20.4 mm were detected in welded samples, piping welds and straight bars with thickness between 6 mm to 38 mm. The results of S-scan display are compared with different methods: optical, magnetic particles, fracture mechanics and metallography. The experimental results concluded the undersizing trend of PAUT in detecting the last crack tip or closure, in spite of using dynamic depth focusing, and/or focusing on crack tip. The average undersizing error is – 0.4 mm. This error increases for cracks with depth > 12 mm. The largest errors occur when the crack is sized from outer surface coupled with initiation from the outside surface with propagation towards the inside surface. These errors were reduced by a combination of shear and longitudinal waves and by increasing the angular resolution.


The aeroelastic scaling problem is revisited and it is shown that classical aeroelastic scaling relations, developed for flutter, need to be extended when dealing with modern aeroelastic applications, involving controls and adaptive materials based actuation. For such problems a novel two pronged approach is presented that produces refined aeroelastic scaling laws by a judicious combination of the classical approach with more sophisticated computer simulations. It is also shown that the rotary-wing equivalent to fixed-wing aeroelastic scaling, based on typical cross-section concepts, is the offset hinged spring restrained blade model. Scaling laws for the rotary-wing aeroelastic and aeroservoelastic problem are obtained. These scaling requirements imply that scale model tests, conducted on small models intended to demonstrate active control of vibration using adaptive materials based actuation, use very flexible models that often disregard aeroelastic scaling. Thus, the extension of these results to the full scale configuration is difficult.


In its nature rather plain, functional and not particularly visually attractive, plain leaded lights or quarry windows need to be approached in some instances with the same regard, ethics and conservation principals as their more colourful cousin the architectural painted and stained glass. The principals which need to be considered when embarking on the conservation/restoration of this all too often far less appreciated kind of architectural artefact are discussed. The basis of the examination is provided in a set of two original 18th-19th Century quarried lancets and an oculus window within Lincoln Cathedral. The success of this conservation effort is partly based on the glaziers skill and hands on work involving also specialist fellow conservators as consultants on site and within the stained glass conservation workshop.


A detailed study examines the potential benefits that advanced electric propulsion technologies offer to costcapped missions in NASA's Discovery program. The study looks at potential cost and performance benefits provided by three electric propulsion technologies that are currently in development: NASA's evolutionary xenon thruster, an enhanced NSTAR system, and a low-power Hall effect thruster. These systems are analyzed on three potential Discovery-class missions and their performance is compared with a state-of-the-art system using the NSTAR ion thruster. An electric propulsion subsystem cost model is used to conduct a cost–benefit analysis for each option. The results show that each proposed technology offers a different degree of performance and/or cost benefit for Discovery-class missions. However, lower subsystem costs (particularly, power processing and digital control interface unit costs) are needed for ion thruster systems, to make them more competitive for cost-capped missions. It is observed that the best mass performance generally comes from electric propulsion systems that best use available solar array power during the mission. Finally, first-flight qualification costs are identified as a significant barrier to the implementation of new electric propulsion technologies on costcapped missions.


The synergetic removal of multiple pollutants in flue gas was investigated in a gas-liquid flow pattern controlling (FPC) column coupling with ultrasonic wave (UW). A pilot-scale experimental setup with the gas flow rate up to ~432 m3/h was developed for the removal of SO2, SO3, and fly ash. A comparative study was conducted between the FPC column and the traditional open spraying (OS) column to show the superiority of the FPC column. In general, the synergetic purification performance was significantly improved by using the FPC and UW. The SO3 aerosol removal efficiency in the FPC column was about 9.9% higher than that in the OS column. At the liquid-to-gas ratio (L/G) of 10 L/Nm3, the efficiency of SO2, SO3, and fly ash particle removal increased by 8.7, 5.3, and 6.6% with the introduction of UW, respectively. This enhancement effect of the UW became greater with increasing the L/G due to the increased liquid holdup. Furthermore, the energy consumption analysis was applied based on an actual WFGD system...


The aim of the study was to analyse the effect of sex, storage time and muscle type (m. longissimus dorsi and m. biceps femoris) on quality traits of the meat of French Lop rabbits. The muscles were obtained from 12 males and 12 females slaughtered at the age of 90 days. The characteristics analysed included pH, colour parameters, water holding capacity and proximate composition. No effect of sex or muscle type was found (P>0.05) on the pH of the meat in any of the periods analysed. The storage time differentiated (P≤0.01) between pH45min and pH24h and between pH45min and pH7days. None of the colour parameters was influenced by sex (P>0.05), but they were significantly affected by storage time (P≤0.01). Redness and yellowness were also influenced by the type of muscle (P≤0.01). The rabbit meat stored for 7 days was characterised by higher drip loss than the meat stored for 24 hours (1.31-1.49% vs. 3.34-3.57%, P≤0.05). The m. biceps femoris of both sexes had a greater capacity to hold water as measured by the pressure method than m. longissimus dorsi (P≤0.01). There was no effect of sex or muscle type (P>0.05) on the level of cooking loss. Sex and muscle type also had no influence (P>0.05) on the proximate composition of French Lop meat.


[Objective]To investigate the current situation of chronic fatigue syndrome and incidence rate of chronic fatigue syndrome(CFS) in nurses of intensive care unit(ICU),explore their correlation.[Methods]235 ICU nurses were collected from10 general hospitals in Jingzhou City from July 2013 to July 2014,and were investigated by the self-made general questionnaire,the Occupational stress inventory-revised(OSIR) and the Fatigue scale-14(FS-14).[Results]The incidence rate of occupational stress was the highest in the ICU nurses aged 20-39 years old,with the working age of 10-19 years,education level of technical secondary school,on day-night shifts,authorized nurses,and divorced/widowed nurses.CFS was not related to age(P0.05).The total fatigue scores,physical fatigue scores,mental fatigue scores were positively correlated with occupational tasks and individual stress response scores,while that were negatively correlated with the individual adaptability scores,and the differences were statistically significant(P0.05).[Conclusion]The occupational stress situation is more serious in ICU nurses.It is feasible to alleviate the level of occupational stress to reduce the risk of CFS in ICU nurses.


Mechanism of merocyanine 540 (MC540) mediated photosensitization in glioblastoma (U-87MG) and neuroblastoma (Neuro 2a) cells was investigated. Photoinduced lipid peroxidation was measured in the presence of mechanistic probes-deuterium oxide (D2O), sodium azide, superoxide dismutase (SOD), mannitol and sodium benzoate. In both the types of cells, the photoinduced lipid peroxidation was enhanced in D2O whereas it showed inhibition in the presence of sodium azide. SOD also inhibited the lipid peroxidation while sodium benzoate and mannitol had no effect. These results suggest that photosensitization of U-87MG and Neuro 2a cells by MC 540 involves both type I (free radical mediated) and type II (singlet oxygen mediated) mechanisms.


Rich versus poor, rural versus urbanites, workers versus managers, the autistic versus the "normal". Despite systems to "enlighten" truth (such as the rational enlightenment that heralded the scientific revolution), we will always have to feel and believe. Our knowing will always remain temporary, until a better reading of the "facts" emerges, and today's generated truths will turn out to be the errors of tomorrow 's past.


Background/Aims: Sensitivity and specificity (Sens, Spec) are not invariant properties of diagnostic and screening tests, but vary in different patient samples. Kraemer [Evaluating medical tests. Objective and quantitative guidelines. 1992] used the level of test, Q, also known as "positive sign rate" (sum of true and false positives divided by sample size), to calculate quality sensitivity and specificity (QSN, QSP). These scaled indices may be more comparable across different patient samples, but have been little studied hitherto. Methods: The dataset of a pragmatic test accuracy study of the Mini-Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (MACE) was re-interrogated to calculate values of QSN and QSP and other paired and unitary test outcome measures based on them, and comparison was made with outcomes previously calculated by standard methods. Results: QSN and QSP values in this cohort (n = 755; overall prevalence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment [MCI] 0.15 and 0.29, respectively) were inferior to Sens and Spec, as were all other outcome measures for MACE for the diagnosis of both dementia and MCI. QSN was relatively preserved, indicating the sensitivity of MACE. Conclusion: Indices of test outcome scaled according to Kraemer's Q, the positive sign rate, are less impressive than outcomes calculated by standard methods. These discrepancies may have implications for test evaluation.


Newman, Kathy M. Radioactive: Advertising and Consumer Activism, 1935-1947. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004. 250 pp. $21.95. In "Radioactive: Advertising and Consumer Activism, 1935-1947, Kathy Newman, an associate professor of English at Carnegie Mellon University, employs a keen eye for historical detail and skillful writing abilities to argue that there was a dialectical relationship between radio advertising and consumer activism in the 1930s and the 1940s. In this concise volume, she examines the intersecting histories of the construction of radio audiences as consumers and the radio-oriented activism of consumer advocates. For her, the radio advertising appeals that helped Americans to imagine themselves as consumers and exhorted them to buy also "inadvertently reminded working-class consumers that their power could be strategically deployed, both on the job and in the marketplace." Drawing on Dallas Smythe's concept of the audience community and the history of consumer culture, Newman addresses intellectuals who researched audience behavior, advertisers, broadcasters who produced programs, and listeners who responded in complex ways to programs and advertising appeals. This holistic approach makes this project exemplary for its attention to production, dissemination, and reception within mass communication processes. The first half of the book examines intertwined histories of the construction of the radio consumer and of the development of radio-oriented consumer activists. As advertisers developed techniques to mobilize radio listeners, they turned to researchers, whom Newman terms "audience intellectuals," to make sense of consumer behavior. At the same time, the tremendous power ascribed to broadcast advertising motivated activists and "consumer intellectuals," such as James Rorty, Ruth Brindze, and Peter Morell, to fight for reform and democratisation of the airwaves. While these chapters address the philosophical principles of audience research and consumer democracy, the second half of the book uses three case studies to chronicle how "average" men and women respond to what they perceived as radio's ills. One chapter examines the United Electrical Workers' boycott of Philco to protest the company's sponsorship of anti-labor news commentator Boake Carter. Another chapter explores the relationship between often female soap opera producers and their audiences. Soap opera producers such as Irna Phillips and Jane Crusinberry encouraged their listeners to respond to and interact with their programs. In response, listeners believed they had a right to comment on the programs based on their consumption of advertised products. …


In this paper, we present a novel algorithm for determining the 3-D scattering centers of a target that cause an increase in radar observability or radar cross-section (RCS) of the platform. The scattering centers on a given platform are calculated using the current density induced on the surface for the given direction of illumination and frequency of operation. The current density may be computed using a full-wave or an approximate electromagnetic solver. For a given point on the surface of the scatterer, the relative RCS contribution is computed by evaluating the radiation integral within a specific neighborhood. This RCS contribution value is then assigned to the corresponding point on the surface of the target, forming a color map of RCS contributions on the 3-D model of the scatterer. This approach can be further used as feedback mechanism to reduce the RCS in an iterative manner.


Complementary feeding is complementary to breastfeeding. It should not be suppressing or substituting to breastfeeding. The aim of study to evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on knowledge and knowledge of competencies on complementary feeding among the mothers of infants. The objectives were To assess existing knowledge on complementary feeding, knowledge of competencies among the mothers of infants, To find out association between socio demographic variables and knowledge of mothers of infants on complementary feeding. Methodology experimental study was conducted by using one group pretest, posttest research design, validated and pre tested tool and PTP on complementary feeding were used for study, total 55 mothers of infants were selected by using inclusion and exclusion criteria, stratified random sampling technique and lottery method during 18 August to 28 September 2006. By using structure interview schedule data was collected at subjects' home by research investigator himself. Both descriptive and inferential statistics methods were used for analysis the data. Results – Major results were Paired't' test proved that planned teaching programme on complementary feeding was effecting 2 test showed that there were significant association between knowledge and knowledge of competencies of mother of infants. Conclusion: planned teaching programme on complementary feeding is scientific, logical, essential and cost effective strategy.


The pulsed eddy-current nondestructive test is one kind of new eddy-current nondestructive testing technology which develops rapidly in recent years.In this paper the mechanism of the pulsed eddy-current nondestructive test is studied and a pulsed eddy-current nondestructive test system is designed,which includes the probe head,the pulse signal generator and the signal conditioning circuits.The experimental study is completed and the best parameter matching solution is given.The experiment results show that the testing system designed in this paper is most sensitive in the excitation frequency range of 100Hz~1000Hz.


Plants produce a wide range of defensive compounds (allomones) to protect themselves from predators and pathogens. Selected allomones have been screened against plant parasitic nematodes for a range of activities such as antihatching, repellent, nematotoxic, anti-feedant or anti-virus vectoring activities and inhibition of female development. Plant-growth stimulation and anti-nematode activities complementary to host-plant resistance were also studied. Examples are presented of ways in which plant-derived compounds can interfere with the life cycles of nematodes and their close relationships with host plants. The potential of plant-derived compounds in future environmentally benign integrated pest management of nematodes is discussed


The invention on a cooling water temperature control apparatus and method of a fuel cell system which can improve fuel economy by multi-point control (multi-point temperature control), the system operating temperature in consideration of the output state and season outside temperature of the vehicle (heat radiation performance) It relates.


The effects of soil water availability on gas exchange characteristics and water consumption of seedlings of Camellia oleifera were analyzed,including the influence of different soil moisture gradients and weather conditions. Photosynthetic characteristics,water consumption and environmental factors related to the growth of seedlings were measured in the field with a Li-6400 portable photosynthesis system,an electronic balance and a Hobo Weather Station in Hunan Province of southern China. Four soil water gradients were analyzed,i. e. W1( soil moisture content was set at 95%- 100% of field capacity( FC)),W2( 80%- 85% of FC),W3( 65%- 70% of FC) and W4( 45%- 55% of FC);for each of these four treatments,we measured the diurnal courses of stomatal conductance( Gs),net photosynthetic rate( Pn),and transpiration( Tr). Gs,Pnand Trwere graphed and showed unimodal curves. Pnand Gspeaked in 10: 00 to 12: 00,and Trand water consumption peaked in 12: 00 to 14: 00.During the study period,Pnand Gsfor each treatment were W2 W1 W3 W4. Under the W4treatment,Pn,Gs,and water consumption reduced greatly,the peaks of above were lower than observed in the other treatments with more soil moisture,and low soil moisture in W4 prevented the natural growth of seedlings. Intrinsic water use efficiency decreased significantly during the W4 treatment. Our results indicated that the W2 treatment was more suitable for seedling growth because seedling productivity was greater under W2 than under W3 conditions. The maximum water consumption rate of seedling leaves was153. 7 g( m2·hour) and their average daily water consumption rate was 85. 3 g( m2·hour) with adequate water. Weather conditions and soil moisture had a combined effect on the water consumption of seedlings.When soil moisture changed from high to low,water consumption of unit leaf area decreased unevenly,and its diurnal course became flat,which may be a result of the reduction of soil water availability or existence of a critical moisture point,which limits the seedling growth.


This study is about the evaluating the differences of two techniques of Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) and Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS), by carried out an assessment on slope mapping. This study is carried by assessing the Digital Terrain Model (DTM) of a slope in Habu, Cameron Highland Pahang. The further slope assessment is done based on the
difference slope class using slope map and slope aspect by ALS technique and TLS technique. These two techniques of data collection provide a three dimensional data point. However, since both techniques is operating in a
different platform where the ALS is a kind of data collection from the air platform while TLS is only based on the ground surface, there might be a slight differences in data production even though the use of the same slope is controlled. Hence, at the end of this study, the differences between these two data collection of ALS and TLS could be compared.


BACKGROUND:Most pharmacokinetic (PK) models used for propofol administration are based on studies in normal-weight patients. Extrapolation of these models for morbidly obese patients is controversial. Using 2 PK models and a target-controlled infusion system, we determined the predicted propofol effect-site concentration (Ce) needed for induction of anesthesia in morbidly obese subjects using total body weight. METHODS:Sixty-six morbidly obese subjects from 18 to 50 years of age were randomized to receive propofol to reach and maintain a predetermined propofol Ce, based on the PK models of either Marsh or Schnider. All patients were monitored with a Bispectral Index electroencephalographic monitor. Fentanyl 3 &mgr;g/kg total body weight was administered before starting the propofol infusion. After loss of consciousness, vecuronium was administered to facilitate endotracheal intubation. Groups of 6 patients each received propofol at a different, predetermined target propofol Ce. An "effective Ce" (ECe) was defined as the propofol Ce that provided adequate hypnosis (Bispectral Index <60) during the complete induction period (45 seconds after reaching the predetermined target Ce until 5 minutes after tracheal intubation). Heart rate and arterial blood pressure were measured every 1 minute throughout the study period. Probit regression analysis was performed to calculate the effective propofol Ce values to induce hypnosis in 50% (ECe50) and 95% (ECe95) of patients with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS:Patient characteristics were similar between models and across the propofol target concentration groups. The ECe50 of propofol was 3.4 &mgr;g/mL (95% CI: 2.9, 3.7 &mgr;g/mL) with the Marsh model and 4.5 &mgr;g/mL (95% CI: 4.1, 4.8 &mgr;g/mL) with the Schnider model (P < 0.001). The ECe95 values were 4.2 &mgr;g/mL (95% CI: 3.8, 6.2 &mgr;g/mL) and 5.5 &mgr;g/mL (95% CI: 5.0, 7.2 &mgr;g/mL) with Marsh and Schnider models, respectively. At the ECe95, hemodynamic effects were similar with the 2 PK models. CONCLUSION:Different propofol target concentrations for each PK model must be used for induction when using total body weight in morbidly obese patients.


The aim of the present study was designed to determine the relationship between the infection with T. vaginalis and use of contraceptive among women whom suffering from abnormal vaginal discharge in Nassirriyah city \ Thiqar Province using TVK3/7 gene as target by PCR technique. all women entered the Maternity and pediatrics hospital , private clinics and laboratories. The results are explain that the infection with T. vaginalis are decrease during the use of contraceptive since there are no case of infection with T. vaginalis among women whom used injection , pills and tubal ligation except there is three or 3(0.67) cases of infection is recorded among women who use of IUCD compared with 11 (3.1) total infection among women whom are not use the contraceptive. *Dept. of Microbiology , College of Medicine , University of Thiqar ** Dept. of Gynecology & obstetric , College of Medicine , University of Thiqar Thi-Qar Medical Journal (TQMJ):Vol(9) No(1) 2015(95-101)


A symmetry problem in potential theory is studied with a new approach applicable to spatially heterogeneous situations. It is proved under some condition on the heterogeneity that a domain in which an overdetermined problem is solvable must be a ball.


'... I have no doubt that but for the methodical collecting of specimens in my earlier years – several thousands, alas – it would have been impossible to advance our taxonomical knowledge of Indian birds – as the various regional surveys have done – nor indeed of their geographical distribution, ecology and bionomics' (p. 195). 'For me wildlife conservation is for down-to-earth practical purposes. This means – as internationally accepted – for scientific, cultural, aesthetic, recreational and economic reasons, and sentimentality has little to do with it. I therefore consider the current trend of conservation education as given to the young on ground of ahimsa alone – something akin to the preservation of holy cows – unfortunate and totally misplaced . . .' (p. 233).


India is a developing country having wide road network which require huge quantity of materials. The materials used in the pavement construction should have good quality and durability characteristics. Usually locally available material like natural soils, gravels, sands, and crushed stone can be preferred for road component material. Sometimes due to inherent poor qualities these material offers high deformations lead to failure of the pavements in various forms. In order to use locally available materials for laying of pavements, these are to be stabilized with available material, industrial wastes or additive which will improve the performance and durability which will help in lesser construction and maintenance cost. In the present study locally available red soil and gravel soils were stabilized with the addition of crusher dust and verified their plasticity and strength characteristics. From the results obtained, the red earth can be stabilized with optimum dosage of 20% and gravel soil with 25% crusher dust. the stabilized mixes have low plasticity and high strength characteristics. These two soils satisfies their characteristics in terms of plasticity index (Ip<6) and CBR >10 for sub grade and greater than 30 for sub base in accordance with MORTH specifications. In addition to this crusher dust stabilized, red soil and gravel as sub grade and sub base, crushed stone with crusher dust as base coarse on CBR model yields good ultimate resistance value(550 – 600 kPa) compared to their natural materials. Hence from the test results, the crusher dust stabilized Red earth and gravel can be used as pavement construction materials.