A series of ionic liquids (P4,4,4,6BF4, P4,4,4,6Triz, as well as the newly prepared anion dual-functionalized amino-triz IL P4,4,4,6ATriz, etc.) were prepared, and their catalytic performance was tested in the synthesis of polyureas from CO2 and diamines. Under the optimized reaction conditions, good to excellent yields of various polyureas were achieved with different diamines over P4,4,4,6ATriz catalyst. It can be found that the catalytic performance is essentially consistent with the basicity of ILs (as determined by TPD method). The solid products were characterized extensively by 13C NMR, FT-IR, XRD, DSC and TGA. From these results, it could be concluded that the solid products based on diamines and CO2 have the polyurea structure with the urea linkage and connected by hydrogen bonds, which resulted in their high resistance to solvents and excellent thermal stability.


This study is intended to investigate the efficiency of the cold weather concreting method using anti freezing agent and
insulation forms through mock up test, and to demonstrate it by real structure test. According to the results, when anti
freezing agent is added by 8%, freezing temperature drop, setting time is shortened and compressive strength increases in
comparison with normal concrete. In mock up test, temperature history of concrete drops upto -4℃ and -3℃ before 24 hours
in the case of euro form+normal concrete and euro form+anti freezing agent respectively. On the other hand, temperature of
concrete keeps above zero in the case of insulation forms+anti freezing agent, so this case shows the best adiabatic effect. In
real structure test, when measuring the temperature history, the lowest temperature of the wall shows 3℃ and 4℃ in the case
of normal concrete+euro forms and normal concrete+insulation form respectively. But, in the case of insulation forms+anti
freezing agent, it does 6℃, so this case is very excellent. That of slab shows the similar tendency to the wall.


Two types of nano-structures are presented for light manipulation in semiconductor devices such as solar cells: (i) photonic-crystal-like structures for wavelength-selective manipulation of high reflectance or transmittance of light and (ii) diffraction gratings for angle-selective management of light scattering. Using optical simulations photonic-crystal-like structures with a high reflectance in the long-wavelength region are designed for a dielectric back reflector in solar cells. Structures formed by thin amorphous silicon and silicon dioxide layers are presented and the important role of refractive indexes and thicknesses of the individual layers is demonstrated. Haze and angular distribution function of scattered light are measured for aluminum based rectangular periodic gratings with different period and height of the rectangles


The purpose of this study was to determine if a statistical relationship existed between academic achievement and exam delivery method for students enrolled in the AgEE 62-Computer Applications in Agriculture course during spring semester 1999. Significant, positive, moderate associations resulted between academic achievement and exam delivery method; agriculture students (n = 45) who took the quiz using the paper-and-pencil method scored significantly higher than did students who took the quiz in an electronic version only. A significant, moderate relationship existed between academic achievement and learning style for the quiz; field-independent students achieved significantly higher quiz scores than did field-dependent learners. Independent learners had significantly more computer enjoyment than did dependent learners. Field-independent learners had significantly lower levels of computer anxiety after the midterm than did field-dependent learners. AgEE 62 students agreed that taking computer skills exams electronically was not as easy as taking the exams in a more traditional paper-and-pencil fashion. Early identification of field-dependent learners allows the instructor, teaching assistants, and/or cooperative learning teams an opportunity to provide additional assistance for students who find learning computer skills an academic challenge. Theoretical Framework Computer usage in secondary and postAnxiety caused by computer malfunctions, destroyed data, lost files, and program errors have beleaguered most university students at some point during their academic careers. These anxious moments may be heightened during times of extreme pressure such as staying up all night to finish a term paper before a pre-determined deadline. It is fair to assume that such "computer anxious" times may be super-sensitized during moments when newly learned computer skills are tested without paper and pencil, under time constraints. The very nature of testing students' computer skills in an authentic situation lends itself to evaluations of those skills in a paperless environment. Antecedents to implementing this novel evaluation method are questions about the relationships between students' computer anxiety levels, attitudes toward computers, learning styles, and relevant demographic variables. Do relationships between these variables exist for agriculture students in a Computer Applications


The market for collateralized debt obligations(CDOs) grows rapidly,which has played an important role in credit risk management.This paper tests the lending behavior and loan quality of banks using CDOs to manage asset credit risk employing a panel of 16 domestic banks data during the 2004.01 ~ 2006.11 periods.Its results show that there is a significant influence to issuing CDOs bank and joint-stock commercial bank and not significant to policy banks and the state-owned banks.And issuing CDOs does not reduce the quality of new loans while it has increased their interest income.


Classifications for grouping and differencing of skull base meningiomas are reviewed as well as the natural history of these basal tumors. We describe the most common methods used for classify these tumors, where the most useful reference for classification is the origin location of the tumor. It is sometimes not possible to localize the origin of the meninigiomas because they become to be too large and extensive along the skull base, particularly when they are in the cavernous sins and petroclival regions. There are other clinicalradiologic aspects that are not routinely used that could help to distinguish tumors from similar origin but with different behavior, prognosis and morbid-mortality. Incidental diagnosis, in relation with the availability of neuroimaging technology, will be giving new information about the natural history of these common tumors. The proper use of these classifications as well as the detail description of the tumoral volume, will allow a better evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the current therapeutic procedures.


A new donor-acceptor system, in which the electron donor triphenylamine (TPA) and the electron acceptor C60 are bridged through a cis- or trans-platinum(II) acetylide spacer have been prepared. Ground-state studies were conducted using electrochemistry and UV/Vis spectroscopy. Fluorescence studies suggested that charge transfer is the deactivation mechanism for the singlet excited state, and this was verified by transient absorption spectroscopy. Selective photoexcitation of 1 and 2 at 387 nm leads to a fast charge transfer between the TPA and C60, which gives rise to a radical ion-pair state (TPA(·+)-Pt-C60(·-)). Our results suggest that charge transfer is favored for the cis configuration while the presence of the trans configuration in the Pt(II) diacetylide results in a longer-lived charge separated states.


Results of multifractal analysis The exponent β is well-defined as long as the power spectral density function S(f) is a power law in f , or equivalently if the wavelet fluctuation function E|W (t,∆t)| is a power law in ∆t. If welldefined, the β exponent is related to the temporal correlations in the signal via simple formulas. In fact, for a (zero-mean) stationary process T (t) with −1< β < 1 we have 〈T (t)T (t+ ∆t)〉 ∼ 5 (β+ 1)β∆tβ−1 and for (a zero-mean) process with stationary increments and 1< β < 3 we have 〈∆T (t)∆T (t+∆t)〉 ∼ (β−1)(β−2)∆tβ−3, where ∆T (t) is the increment process of T (t) (Rypdal and Rypdal, 2012). Thus, the results presented so far in this paper do not rely on any assumptions of self-similar or multifractal scaling. It is only assumed that the second-order fluctuation functions 〈|W (t,∆t)|〉 are well approximated by power-laws over an extended range of time scales. 10 A more complete scaling analysis can be performed if one imposes the more restrictive assumption that the wavelet-based structure functions 〈|W (t,∆t)|〉 are power-laws in ∆t, not only for q = 2, but for an interval of q-values. It is then it is possible to define a scaling function τ(q) via the relation


A strain of Chlorella emersonii grown under high light intensity and low nitrogen degrades its chlorophyll and synthesizes canthaxanthin as the major carotenoid. Nitrogen starvation or high light alone does not induce canthaxanthin production. Norflurazon, a carotene inhibitor at the level of phytoene desaturase, inhibits production of canthaxanthin in C. emersonii with no accumulation of phytoene. Chlorella vulgaris and C. sp. 993 exposed to similar conditions do not respond in the same way as C. emersonii.


Contemporary study of the New Testament and of Paul more specifically shows symptoms of avoidance of basic categories of Marxist analysis such as economic class, class struggle, and mode of production. The result is that discussions of economic and social realities are often so abstract and sanguine as to be misleading – an expression, from a Marxist point of view, of the shadow cast over biblical studies by capitalist ideology.


OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of resistance among 83 Helicobacter pylori isolates cultured from biopsies taken during routine endoscopies in 1998-1999.

METHODS
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of amoxicillin, tetracycline, clarithromycin and metronidazole were determined by Epsilometer test.

RESULTS
Forty-seven strains (57%) were resistant to metronidazole, and 27 (32.5%) were resistant to clarithromycin. Twenty of the 27 strains resistant to clarithromycin were also resistant to metronidazole. None of the strains were resistant to amoxicillin or tetracycline.

CONCLUSION
A high percentage of patients from Bahrain were infected with resistant strains of Helicobacter pylori. Antibiotic resistance monitoring is very important and unified national treatment policies are needed.


Background/Aims: The aims of this study were to characterize the treatment response to entecavir and to examine factors affecting that response. Methods: A total of 77 nucleoside-naive patients with chronic hepatitis B who had received entecavir (0.5 mg daily) for at least 48 weeks were consecutively enrolled between March 2007 and March 2011. The rates of virological response (hepatitis B virus [HBV] DNA < 116 copies/mL), biochemical response (alanine aminotransferase ≤ upper limit of normal), hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) loss, and seroconversion were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The cumulative rates of virological response at 12, 24, 48, 96, and 144 weeks were 59.7%, 82%, 88.3%, 89.6%, and 93.1%, respectively; biochemical response rates were 51.9%, 74%, 84.4%, 94.8%, and 98.3%, respectively; HBeAg loss rates were 10.5%, 18.4%, 28.9%, 36.8%, and 47.4%, respectively; and HBeAg seroconversion rates were 7.9%, 18.4%, 21.1%, 28.9%, and 39.5%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, independent predictors associated with HBV DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) negativity were the absence of HBeAg at baseline (p = 0.006) and early virological response (HBV DNA < 2,000 copies/mL after 12 weeks of therapy; p = 0.027). In univariate analysis, early virological response was an independent factor predicting HBeAg loss (p = 0.001). Conclusions: Entecavir induced excellent biochemical and virological responses in nucleoside-naive patients with chronic hepatitis B. Early virological response was an independent factor predicting HBV PCR negativity and HBeAg loss, and can be used to predict long-term treatment response to entecavir. (Korean J Med 2013;85:157-166)


: ANTA or Actor-Network Analyzer is a simple piece of software developed at Sciences Po médialab to offer social researchers a simple text-analysis tool attuned with the theoretical tenets of actor-network theory. Striving to make actor-network theory compatible with modern text-analysis, we have learned much about both. In this paper we'll discuss our adventure in ANT and text-analysis while describing the basic functions of ANTA and providing examples of its usage.


With the quick development of big engineering projects in China,the original management organization gradually lags behind.Focusing on the characteristics of information flow adopted in big projects,this paper proposes an organization of integrated program management model.Based on the theory of entropy,an entropic model of organization is established and used to analyze and compare several different organizations.The results have proved that an integrated program management organization can meet the needs of big engineering projects.


AbstractRu(III) complexes of the type [RuXB(L)2] have been prepared by the reaction of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones/thiones (HL1–HL4) with the precursors of the type [RuX3B3] where X=Cl or Br; B=PPh3 or AsPh3 and L is the deprotonated ligand. The synthesized complexes were characterized by physico-chemical methods, electrochemical and magnetic moment data. The catalytic efficiency of the complexes were examined in the oxidation of alcohols and antimicrobial studies were also carried out.


Recent technical and documentary research on Giovanni Bellini's Feast of the Gods has necessitated a new strategy for the interpretation of its meaning and of its function within the camerino of Alfonso I d'Este of Ferrara. The present article seeks to develop a new interpretation of the painting that takes these discoveries into account. Most significantly, the essay considers Shearman's recent identification of Mario Equicola as the humanist who conceived the subject matter of Bellini's painting and shows that this necessitates an examination of the content of the painting in light of humanist theories of rhetorical invention and literary stylistics, Renaissance art theory and neo-Aristotelian philosophy. It is demonstrated that The Feast of the Gods embodies a natural-philosophical discourse on the Halcyon Days and the time of the winter solstice, which relates it to the themes of love and marriage that are also present in the other works that once adorned Alfonso's camerino.


Three possible sources of particle species important to the energy balance of the magnetosphere are discussed, with special emphasis on particles with different charge-to-mass ratios. Possibilities for various experimental tests are pointed out. Some recent experimental data on geomagnetically trapped alpha particles are compared with relevant results of current theoretical work. An experiment is proposed that is likely to provide quantitative indications for the energization and loss processes affecting ionic particle species in the magnetosphere.


A letter by Zheng and Xu in this issue of JMCP spotlights a consensus statement on off-label medication use, written by 20 senior chief pharmacists from 17 hospitals in the Guangdong province of China in March 2010. The statement's provocative recommendations include the imposition of requirements that (a) the off-label drug should be "irreplaceable for treatment of the patient," that is, no drug labeled for the indication is available; (b) the off-label use must be "submitted and approved by the hospital's pharmacotherapy committee and hospital ethics committee" except in emergency situations; and (c) informed consent for off-label use must be obtained from the patient or a legal representative. The letter comes on the heels of nearly 2 years of heightened debate in the United States over the use of and payment for drugs prescribed to treat indications for which they are not approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Triggered by several factors—including U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) litigation against pharmaceutical companies for off-label promotion, new guidance for "Good Reprint Practices" promulgated by the FDA in January 2009 to clarify the types of medical literature deemed acceptable for distribution to physicians, and the passage of the Affordable Care Act of 2010—the controversy has drawn the attention of numerous stakeholders with different and sometimes sharply conflicting perspectives. In March 2009, we noted that positions on off-label drug use taken by different federal agencies appeared inconsistent, with the DOJ's legal actions against off-label marketing becoming increasingly intense even as the FDA slightly relaxed its stance against the practice and the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) expanded Medicare coverage for off-label use of chemotherapeutic drugs. Since that time, the controversy has intensified, with stakeholders adopting positions that seem to allow little or no ground for compromise.


Flavonoids may mediate UV protection in plants either by screening of harmful radiation or by minimizing the resulting oxidative stress. To help distinguish between these alternatives, more precise knowledge of flavonoid distribution is needed. We used confocal laser scanning microscopy (cLSM) with the 'emission fingerprinting' feature to study the cellular and subcellular distribution of flavonoid glucosides in the giant duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza), and investigated the fitness effects of these compounds under natural UV radiation and copper sulphate addition (oxidative stress) using common garden experiments indoors and outdoors. cLSM 'emission fingerprinting' allowed us to individually visualize the major dihydroxylated B-ring-substituted flavonoids, luteolin 7-O-glucoside and luteolin 8-C-glucoside, in cross-sections of the photosynthetic organs. While luteolin 8-C-glucoside accumulated mostly in the vacuoles and chloroplasts of mesophyll cells, luteolin 7-O-glucoside was predominantly found in the vacuoles of epidermal cells. In congruence with its cellular distribution, the mesophyll-associated luteolin 8-C-glucoside increased plant fitness under copper sulphate addition but not under natural UV light treatment, whereas the epidermis-associated luteolin 7-O-glucoside tended to increase fitness under both stresses across chemically diverse genotypes. Taken together, we demonstrate that individual flavonoid glucosides have distinct cellular and subcellular locations and promote duckweed fitness under different abiotic stresses. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Many applications in radar systems require low range side-lobe performance which is achieved by pulse compression processing. Most used chirp signal for this processing is linear frequency modulation (LFM) signal but with a presence of first high side-lobe level. Suppression of this side-lobe requires weighting function causing the reduction in signal to noise ratio at the receiver owing to mismatch loss. Non-linear chirp signals are introduced as a solution and became most practiced signals aimed at reducing side-lobes. In this paper, an overall piece wise non-linear frequency modulation chirp signal is designed by merging two stages, one with linear function and the other with a tangent based non-linear function. Simulation results show significant reduction in the sidelobe level of autocorrelation function when NLFM is generated in this method.


Dichorionic triplet pregnancy Reducing extreme preterm delivery with selective fetal reduction in a triplet pregnancy poses a difficult challenge to the pregnant couple and the obstetrician. This is especially the case with triplets of mixed chorionicity. Selective fetal reduction may reduce severe prematurity, but at the expense of increasing the procedurerelated miscarriage rate. There is a further problem with deciding to manage the pregnancy expectantly instead, or whether to undertake reduction of both or one of the monochorionic (MC) fetuses or of the fetus with a separate placenta. Morlando and colleagues (page 1053) have attempted to address this question by pooling the outcomes data from dichorionic triplet pregnancies delivered at three tertiary referral centres in London, UK between 1996 and 2013 and five previously reported studies. Reducing MC fetal pairs resulted in the largest reduction of babies delivered with severe preterm delivery, but with a relatively high miscarriage rate, compared with expectant management (Figure 1). The risk of miscarriage is lowest when only one of the MC pair is reduced, with the risk of preterm delivery being intermediate when compared with the two other fetal reduction options (Figure 1). Reduction of the fetus with a separate placenta results in an MC twin pregnancy and so it is not surprising that this is associated with a higher miscarriage and preterm delivery risk when compared with alternative fetal reduction methods (Figure 1). The authors conclude that selective fetal reduction will decrease the risk of severe preterm delivery, and the possible associated newborn handicap, but at the increased risk of miscarriage from the procedure. The study is unable to recommend which fetal reduction option is preferable over the others, despite this being the largest study so far, and therefore women are still left with the difficult decision on whether to opt for expectant management or selective fetal reduction. On page 1061 Skupski has highlighted the need for obstetricians to adopt a nondirective approach to counselling such couples by framing the management choices available based on the data derived from this study.


Purpose. The possibility of increasing the mechanical properties of the investigated structural steels by using technologies including holding in ICIT, as well as heating to a typical temperature of austenitization before or after holding in ICIT is shown.
Methods of research. Durometric, metallographic and X-ray research methods were used. The tensile properties and impact strength were determined. These properties were compared with those obtained for the studied steels after a typical heat treatment.
Results. It is shown that the technologies of normalization and quenching with holding in ICIT, as well as heating before or after it to a typical austenitizing temperature increasing of the mechanical properties of the studied steels in comparison with theirs level after a typical heat treatment.
Scientific novelty. Innovative technologies of normalization and quenching, which includs holding in ICIT, as well as heating before or after it to a typical austenitizing temperature, were used and showed their effectiveness.
Practical value. The technologies of normalization and quenching, which includs holding in ICIT, as well as heating before or after it to the typical temperature of austenitization are proposed for practical application


Background: The presence of larvae in the home environment is influenced by physical, biological, chemical and behavioral factors. This study to determine the factors that affect the presence of larvae and species of mosquitoes found in endemic areas of DHF. This research is an analytical research with cros sectional approach. Methods: a sample of 90 houses drawn from 15 homes around 6 dengue cases and characteristics of PSN breeding and behavioral areas. Identification of species by single larval method. Result: Based on statistik test, there is no relation between, location of breeding place (p = 0,71) and presence of cover (p = 0,245) with larva. The presence breeding type (p = 0,008), of predators (p = 0,009), color's wall (p = 0,030), pH (p = 0,000), TDS (p = 0,044) and PSN (p = 0,000) in larvae. Species were aedes aegypti (77,,8 %), aedes albopitus (13,3 %), and culex gellidus (8,9 %). Conclusion: factors affecting the presence of larva include presence of predators, and PSN behavior.


Graduate students often have difficulty understanding the concepts behind the various models of instructional design (ID). In order to help students in an introductory ID course come to a better understanding of the similarities and differences between various instructional models, the models were developed into dynamic computer graphics to use within a class setting. The projects described in this paper represent a series of steps taken to develop visual learning materials that enhance student understanding of the subject matter within the limited amount of class time available. Each represents a different approach to developing visually rich and interactive computer-based materials. Four projects are described in this paper in terms of topic selection, design features, lessons learned, and suggestions for improvement. The projects focus on: (1) concept clarity; (2) color coding; (3) aesthetics; and (4) shapes and textures. (AEF) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ******************************************************************************** 00 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) 0 This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization


Raman scattering (RS) experiments have been carried out to determine both residual strain and alloy composition in a bulk Si 1-x Ge x single crystal with compositional gradient, which can be used as a focusing and diffracting X-ray monochromator. Since RS results are influenced both by strain and by composition, it is difficult to determine them separately from the observed phonon position. By analyzing Strain effect on RS in connection with a strain model developed for bulk mixed crystals, both residual strain and alloy composition are evaluated. It is found that the alloy composition evaluated from the RS results is in good agreement with that measured by the standard chemical analysis. It is also found that the axial and radial strain components vary from -0.76 x 10 -3 to -1.2 x 10 -3 and 3.6 x 10 -4 to 5.7 x 10 -4 , respectively, for the almost linear variation in composition from 0.034 to 0.055.


Only a slim part of linear partial differential equations have solutions represented by explicit formulas or by approximate explicit expressions, with a controllable errors. Strong demand for reliable data on spectral and transport characteristics of the corresponding quantum and classical dynamical systems is nowadays satisfied based on results of expensive and resource consuming scanning over the multi-dimensional space of essential geometrical and physical parameters of the systems. The area of the scanning may be essentially reduced based on use of the fitted solvable models. A large class of the "zero-range models" can be constructed based on John von Neumann operator extension technique. The corresponding theory, developed in previous century, is technically demanding and hard to fit into a compact text for the first reading. Fortunately there exist a representative Friedrichs model of a linear dynamical system where almost all typical difficulties of the corresponding theory can be reviewed as well as advanced techniques used to overcome them.


An experiment was conducted at farmer's field of Dashpara village of Sylhet Sadar upazila during 2016-2017 to find out nutritional status of the leaves of four local and four exotic lines of sweet potato. d. The lines and variety were Local-1, Local-2, Local-5, Local-8, Exotic-1, Exotic2, Exotic-3, Exotic-4 and BARI SP-4.The experiment was conducted by in a Randomized Complete Block Design. Crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, total ash, moisture and carbohydrate were determined by proximate analysis whereas elemental nutrients, total sugar, starch, vitamin C, phenolic compounds and tannins were determined by the procedure outlined by Association of Analytical Chemists' (AOAC). Ninety days old fresh leaves were collected from the experimental field for chemical analysis. Results revealed that the highest percent of carbohydrate (by difference), crude protein, crude fat, total ash and energy were in Exotic2 (65.47), Local-2 (26.59), Local-5 (3.63), BARI SP-4 (8.35) and Local-1 (370.4 Kcal 100 g), respectively. The highest percent of crude fiber, total sugar and starch were recorded in Local-8 (17.79), Local-2 (5.63) and Local-8 (36.42), respectively. The Local-1 contained the highest amount of phenolic compounds and tannins while vitamin C was in Local-5 and Local-8. It was also observed that sweet potato leaves of Local-1, Local-5 and Local-8 contained appreciable levels of iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium, potassium and phosphorus. It can be concluded that the leaves of Local-1, Local-5, Local-8, Exotic-1 and Exotic-2 could be suitable for vegetables and can be included as supplement our daily nutrient requirements.


With the rapid development of the present knowledge economy and information society,the social circumstances have changed fundamentally for the university.And the university-and-government relationship has also changed greatly.So exploring this relationship will prove to be significant to the establishment of a modern university institution.The relationship between a modern university and government is that of leadership and follower,independence and interaction,dependence and partnership.The president in such relationship plays the role of a manager,an advocate and a pioneer.He should be responsible for making future plans for the school,realizing his ideas on education and management,and coordinating and promoting his school's internal and external relationship.In order to perform his responsibilities,he should be foresighted,decisive and enterprising.


We study the convergence of a variant of distributed gradient descent (DGD) on a distributed low-rank matrix approximation problem wherein some optimization variables are used for consensus (as in classical DGD) and some optimization variables appear only locally at a single node in the network. We term the resulting algorithm DGD+LOCAL. Using algorithmic connections to gradient descent and geometric connections to the well-behaved landscape of the centralized low-rank matrix approximation problem, we identify sufficient conditions where DGD+LOCAL is guaranteed to converge with exact consensus to a global minimizer of the original centralized problem. For the distributed low-rank matrix approximation problem, these guarantees are stronger---in terms of consensus and optimality---than what appear in the literature for classical DGD and more general problems.


Elliptic curve cryptography is becoming the standard for public key cryptography. Unfortunately, there are no databases for elliptic curves with large parameters. In this report we first outline recommended parameters for use with elliptic curve cryptosystems. In particular we give the size of the base field, the requirements on the group of rational points, and the sizes of the different coefficients of the curves. We then describe a practical means for constructing a database of curves satisfying the given parameters and our implementation of such a system. Our database includes curves of size 256, 384, and 512 bits in both short Weierstrass form and in Edwards form.


The article introduces the development on synthesis and application of polyesters containing.With PEN、PBN、PTN and TLCP for example,it also point out domestic bottleneck.


This paper aims at finding anomalies in multidimensional
spatio-temporal data. We focus on building management data and
describe a novel method for mining anomalies in those data. The
main idea lies in building a model inductively from data and
then in finding examples that are incorrectly classified by
this model. Those exceptions are visualized. We describe
experiments with three tree learning algorithms for different
classification tasks and discuss the results.


TWO years ago, in response to concerns about the nosocomial infection rate in its veterinary hospital, Davies Veterinary Specialists set up an infection control group to investigate infection risks and improve hygiene practices. As Gerry Polton and Clive Elwood explain, this has led to tangible improvements in the incidence of hospital‐acquired infections and has also had significant spin‐offs in terms of improved patient care and enhanced staff morale.


This paper emphasises the fact that mathematical modelling techniques have important applications in routine medical practice and medical education. It is argued that the development of mathematical models should be more closely linked to experimentation and that techniques based on computer simulation can extend the range of applicable models to models based on nonlinesr differential equations which are the largest class of models in biological work. Model have an important role in hypothesis testing and in the development of indirect methods for measuring physiological quantities. The important of model validation is stressed.


ABSTRACT Exploring social presence could help create socially rich learning experiences in an online learning environment. To better understand social presence in online education, the present study conducted an online survey with 430 undergraduate students in the U.S. during the time of the COVID 19 pandemic in 2020. Results from an EFA (Exploratory Factor Analysis) reveal a five-dimensional measurement of social presence in the online learning context, social richness, co-presence, actor within a medium, passive interpersonal, community within a medium. When examining how each dimension plays a role in learning experiences, results from the multiple linear regression analysis of this study suggest that social richness and co-presence are positively associated with cognitive learning, and social richness and co-presence are positively associated with affective learning. Unexpectedly, the data indicate that actor within a medium is negatively associated with cognitive and affective learning experiences. Additionally, social richness and community within a medium are positively associated with motivation to learn. Overall, the study's findings suggest the importance of studying the multidimensional aspects of social presence because each dimension could have different roles in online learning.


Climate change affects all areas, including those with low temperature. Wonosobo belongs to highland areas with low temperature. The thermal performance of buildings is influenced by micro-environment climate so that the climate change will affect the thermal performance of buildings. Vernacular buildings are believed to be able to make the occupants comfortable. The vernacular buildings in tropical highlands have either exposed stone walls or wooden walls. The present research seeks to analyze the thermal performance of building envelopes with wooden walls and exposed stone walls in highland areas. Simulation method using the Ecotect software was applied. There are 12 building models with a variety of roofing and flooring were selected. The results of the simulation indicate that the difference between indoor and outdoor temperatures of one model and other models is not significant. Warm temperature mostly occurs in houses with exposed stone walls. Highland areas need much warmth so that cold temperature will not disturb occupants.


EMPLOYEE or employer, most people in British industry will be familiar with the work of the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) through contact with its field forces the Inspectorates whose remit covers the spectrum of industries from construction and agriculture to railways and the offshore industry. To perform their duties effectively and efficiently, Inspectors often require scientific support, e.g. in forensic analyses and the investigation of incidents. An important role for the HSE's Research and Laboratory Services Division (RLSD) is to provide such support. The Division's scientists, some 250 working in laboratories on two sites at Sheffield and Buxton, also conduct research in three broad areas: fire and explosion, safety engineering, and occupational health and hygiene. Almost invariably, the experimental studies require measurement and control techniques that are at the forefront of knowledge. In an attempt to give a flavour of the practical problems RLSD encounters in meeting the research needs of HSE, the author looks at three areas where solutions were found to enable data to be gathered from events occurring in distinctly hostile environments.


The aims of this research to examine the effect of Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) and Non Performing Loan (NPL) on  Return On Assetss (ROA) in the Commercial Bank category BUKU 4 period 2016-2020. The population are commercial banks that already listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The method of sampling used purposive sampling  was obtained from 7 Commercial Bank category BUKU 4. The analysis technique used is regression analysis with a data panel used by Eviews 9 Software. The selected panel data regression model is Random Effect Model (REM). The result showed that Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) partially had no signifikan effect on Return On Assetss (ROA) and Non Performing Loan (NPL) partially had a negative effect and signifikan on Return On Assets (ROA). While Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) and Non Performing Loan (NPL) simultaneously had a signifikan effect on Return On Assets (ROA).


We consider a SQUID tunneling between 2 nearly degenerate flux states. Decoherence caused by paramagnetic and nuclear spins in the low-$T$ limit is shown to be much stronger than that from electronic excitations. The decoherence time $\tau_{\phi}$ is determined by the linewidth $E_o$ of spin bath states, which can be reduced by a correct choice of ring geometry and isotopic purification. $E_o$ can be measured in either field sweep or microwave absorption experiments, allowing both a test of the theory and design control.


Study of how far the use of Irishness for Irish themed pubs in France is sustainable as a business plan.

This dissertation describes the role of Irish pubs in the sustainability of the concept of 'Irishness', and thus their own survival. It examines features considered necessary in the commencement and continuation of their success.

A survey was conducted of three Irish pubs in France, with the aim of highlighting the concept of Irishness, examining their profitability and ultimately their sustainability, and deciding whether or not this concept is still a marketable resource. An interview was also undertaken with Mr. Simon O' Dowd of the Irish Pub Company, to assess the nature of Irish pubs and the concept of Irishness.


Over time, patients with longstanding pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) experience pressure overload in the right ventricle (RV), leading to reduced contractile force and chamber dilation. Present strategies to treat PAH consist of pulmonary arterial vasodilators by way of the prostacyclin, endothelin, or nitric oxide pathways. It is now appreciated that maladaptive inflammatory signaling is a key contributor to the development of obliterative pulmonary arteriolar lesions and RV failure in PAH (1, 2), and that IL-1 and IL-6 levels correlate with the degree of RV failure (3). With experimental animal data suggesting anakinra (recombinant IL-1 receptor antagonist) protects against development of PAH (4), we designed a single-group, open-label phase IB/II pilot study (clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT03057028) to evaluate the feasibility and safety of treatment with anakinra as add-on therapy to standard of care in patients with stable PAH and RV failure. In addition to the preclinical data, anakinra was chosen on the basis of multiple favorable clinical trials in left-sided systolic dysfunction by our group (5, 6). Here we report the findings from our pilot study. FromOctober 2017 to May 2018, patients at the Virginia Commonwealth University treated for pulmonary hypertension were screened for eligibility. Inclusion criteria included group 1 PAH (7) (not associated with connective tissue disease, human immunodeficiency virus, portal hypertension, or schistosomiasis), age .18 years, and symptomatic RV failure (objective findings of RV dysfunction by echocardiography [RV diastolic diameter .4.3 cm, fractional area change ,35%, or tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion <1.5 cm] with New York Heart Association class II or III heart failure symptoms) despite optimal PAH therapy. Exclusion criteria included autoimmune/autoinflammatory diseases, anti-inflammatory medications, recent malignancy or infection, and severe renal dysfunction. Of the 39 patients who met inclusion criteria, 10 were excluded (chronic inflammatory disorders [n = 4], infection [n = 1], severe renal dysfunction [n = 2], non–English speaking [n = 1], unable to consent [n = 1], pregnant [n = 1]). Sixteen patients were approached for the study: 6 declined to participate, and 10 agreed to enroll, which was the sample size chosen to gather preliminary data. However, scheduling conflicts prevented two patients from completing baseline testing, and one patient was hospitalized for urosepsis before enrollment. Thus, seven patients were enrolled in the study, in which they provided signed consent (approved by the institutional review board) and received anakinra 100 mg subcutaneously daily for 14 days, which is the dose approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Baseline testing before treatment included biomarkers (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hsCRP], IL-6, and N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide [NTproBNP]), quality-of-life questionnaires (Duke Activity Severity Index and Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire), transthoracic echocardiography, and cardiopulmonary exercise testing for measurement of peak oxygen consumption and ventilatory efficiency (V : E:V : CO2 slope) (8). All tests were repeated at Day 14 of treatment, in addition to a safety assessment. This was intended to be a safety and feasibility study, but for the purposes of designing future studies, two co–primary endpoints were specified: change in peak V : O2 and change in V : E:V : CO2 slope, which were chosen because of their established reproducibility, prognostic value, and placebo-insensitive nature resulting from the open-label design of the study (9). Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 24.0 (IBM), using the Wilcoxon test for paired data or the Spearman rank test for correlations. Six patients completed the protocol and returned for repeat testing; they were included in the main analysis. Baseline characteristics are presented in Table 1. One patient was unwilling to return for repeat testing, and thus was not included in the main analysis but was included in the safety analysis. No major safety events were observed during the study period. After 14 days of treatment, hsCRP levels were significantly reduced compared with baseline, with a trend toward IL-6 reduction (Figure 1). There were no significant changes from baseline in peak V : O2, V : E:V : CO2 slope, exercise time, NT-proBNP, RV fractional area change, or tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (Figure 1; all P> 0.463). There was a significant improvement in heart failure symptoms as assessed by the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire and a trend toward improvement in the Duke Activity Severity Index scores (Figure 1). Changes in hsCRP inversely correlated with changes in peak oxygen consumption (R =20.829; P = 0.046) and Duke Activity Severity Index scores (R =20.845; P = 0.034). Three patients (43%) experienced minor injection site reactions. No reactions required treatment discontinuation, and all resolved spontaneously. One patient with a history of symptomatic atrial ectopy perceived a higher burden of palpitations and prematurely discontinued the treatment after 4 days; she was not willing to return for repeat testing. Another patient with a history of secondary Graves' disease had symptomatic improvement of preexisting proptosis during anakinra treatment, but subsequent progression after drug discontinuation for which she was seen by rheumatology and started on methotrexate therapy with a single dose of rituximab, with good clinical response; this was considered by the investigators to be a moderate event, and possibly related to anakinra treatment. There were no infections, hospitalizations, emergency department visits, or unplanned escalation of medical care during the study period. The data obtained from this pilot study suggest that IL-1 blockade with anakinra in patients with PAH and RV failure is feasible and safe. Further studies are needed to validate these findings and explore the therapeutic potential of this treatment strategy. Limitations include the open-label treatment design without placebo comparison, conduct at a single center, small sample size, and the use of only one dose of anakinra This study was supported by a grant from the VCU Johnson Center for Critical Care and Pulmonary Research and a Clinical and Translational Science Award (UL1TR000058 from the National Center for Research Resources) to the Virginia Commonwealth University Center for Clinical and Translational Research. Swedish Orphan Biovitrum LLC (Stockholm, Sweden) provided the study medication (anakinra) free of cost, but had no role in the study design, conduct, analysis, or reporting.


A framework for ECDIS usability evaluation based on analytic methods and empirical methods is built to effectively improve the ECDIS interface design of this system and get much higher usability. The usability criteria specific to ECDIS are defined according to the definition of usability and the features of this system. The usability of ECDIS can be predicted by using six analytic methods, which will be verified through the application of empirical methods. A case study is conducted for two typical ECDIS systems, the usability of the two systems will be compared and analyzed based on the combination of quantitative data and qualitative description. It is effective for designers and evaluators to use this framework to evaluate and improve the usability of ECDIS.


This article describes Toronto's aggressive rebuilding and expansion plans for its city and suburban transit system. The leader in rail transit in the 1960s and 1970s, Toronto took a step backwards in the 1990s when it destroyed one of North America's largest electric trolley systems. Now Toronto Transit Commission officials are forging ahead with a 15-year, C$6 billion development plan. This includes seven new light rail routes as well as new subway cars, Scarborough Rapid Transit cars and buses. The city's Union Station was awarded a C$280 million contract for signal improvements; those improvements are expected to be completed by 2014. Toronto's GO Transit expects ridership to double in the next decade.


Abstract The synthesis of polycyclic strained molecules from norbornadiene and quadricyclane is described. The procedure uses high pressure and involves concerted [2+2+2] or [2+[sgrave]2+[sgrave]2] processes in the first step followed by Diels-Alder cycloadditions of the primary cycloadducts 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b with cyclopen-tadiene, 1,3-cyclohexadiene, furan, cycloheptatriene. The spectral NMR data of the new polycyclic molecules are given.


Burundi is a country located within the Eastern African Great Rift Valley. This zone has increased temperature gradients and natural heat stream of Earth. Geothermal power plants operate within this geological formation in Kenya and Ethiopia. They bring about positive results therefore are being still developed. The results of geological recognition of Burundi area are presented in view of geothermal energy production for electricity generation. The Burundi energy balance is presented. Large amounts of energy are imported from the Democratic Republic of Congo. The directions of electrical energy use and sources of its production are described. Simultaneously, in a number of cases, electricity is used for heating (tap water) and cooling purposes (e.g. in Bujumbura hotels). Part of the used electrical energy could be saved in Burundi if heat pumps were applied. The paper presents an analysis of work conditions of heat pumps with borehole heat exchangers for heating/cooling purposes in a given hotel. The analysis shows mathematically evaluated prognosis of the use of BHE systems for cooling and heating. There are presented energy and economic conditions of use the system in the capital city Bujumbura.


It is important to consider the interaction between the foundation and the underlying soil in the earthquake analysis of multi-storey buildings on shallow foundations. Often this interaction is neglected in current analysis and design practice, and the foundation is assumed to be fixed to the ground. However, nonlinear geometric effects, associated with shallow foundation uplift, and nonlinear soil deformation effects have been shown to have a significant influence on the earthquake response of multistorey buildings. Therefore, these nonlinear effects should be incorporated into earthquake analysis and design of multi-storey buildings. This paper presents an approach to including nonlinear soil-foundation-structure interaction (SFSI) effects into spring-bed models of buildings on shallow foundations. Spring-bed models provide a balance between ease of implementation and theoretically rigorous solutions, as well as capacity to include foundation uplift and soil deformation into earthquake analysis of multi-storey buildings on shallow foundations. Existing features of a widely used structural design software package were employed to capture these nonlinear effects and SDOF models of multi-storey buildings on shallow foundations were analysed. These buildings were similar to a number of buildings that appear to have performed satisfactorily during the Christchurch Earthquake and time history analysis suggests that SFSI provides a possible explanation for the good performance of these buildings.


ABSTRACT Success in the performing arts is measured, like all industries, financially. And, because of the financial motivation, prediction of talent's success is a large endeavor throughout the industry. The authors introduce an approach for the prediction of success of an entrepreneurial endeavor known as the "whoop curve." Based on constructs, the curve measures consumer's emotional preferences in order to identify artistic entrepreneurial opportunities and financial profits. The constructs are weighted to form an efficient "probability forecast" or "whoop curve." The proposed weights are related to the correlations based on how quickly or slowly the acts and their recordings are able to gain rankings given the strength of emotional connections consumers have to the act. Finally, an example implementation of the approach is applied using Microsoft Excel. (ProQuest: ... denotes formulae omitted.) "If I were not a physicist, I would probably be a musician. I often think in music. I live my daydreams in music. I see my life in terms of music. " Albert Einstein (Songwriters Resource Network, 2010) "If we do our job. ..Music's not black or white, it's green. " Jim Caparro, PGD (Knab, 2001) "The music business is a cruel and shallow money trench, a long plastic hallway where thieves and pimps run free and good men die like dogs. There's also a negative side. " Hunter S. Thompson (Rudolph, 2010) INTRODUCTION A performance art product such as a film, sculpture, painting, musical recording or live concert emulates what we are often thinking, our hearts are feeling and our souls are judging. We often express, through our selection of artistic products, our introspective emotional thoughts by laughing, crying, feeling heartbreak, love, sadness, longing and other emotions we can sense or feel. Determining demand for performance art is thus complicated; it is based on emotions. One person may experience a film, computer game, recording or a live performance as positive and exciting, while another may find it revolting and still others may not even notice. It's the same for those who create, own, and manage the acts, recordings, videos, films, computer games, cell phone applications and songs we love, hate and ignore. While preference formation is complicated, there is a financial motivation for its prediction. The entrepreneurs behind the artists or the entrepreneurial artists themselves are financially motivated to create entertainment products that satisfy consumer wants and needs (emotions). Additionally, they are encouraged to economize on products that have a high probability of not satisfying consumers. Towards this end, the authors develop a framework for entrepreneurial evaluation of entertainment products. The framework which we label "the whoop curve" represents an estimate of the ex-ante probability of success of the entertainment product. By whoop curve, we mean to say a relationship that predicts the current and future enthusiasm of an entrepreneurial product. We illustrate that these probabilities can be derived by considering the revealed strength of the emotional connections consumers have to the act. The whoop curve model has two beneficial characteristics. First, the actual measure of success is a probability that some defined benchmark outcome will be achieved at a future specified date. The benefit of this feature is that probabilities are easily understood. Second, the benchmark of success can be modified to fit the entrepreneurial activity. In our example, we adapt the model to the music industry where success might be measured by unit sales at some future date. However, it can be adapted to include ticket sales, tour dates and other measures of success. The technique used to derive the whoop curve is not new. Called duration analysis in other fields (i.e. engineering, economics and sociology), this method is a time honored and well established statistical technique (Hosmer & Lemeshow, 1999; HaId, 1990; Lancaster, 1997; Van den Berg, 2001). …


Throughout the history of the Ecuadorian economy, the banking market has played a significant role in the financial market, leaving aside the stock market. From this, the following problem arises: a separate market that generates problems in the investment processes given the lack of development of the same, the legal uncertainty and the multiplicity of agents in a too small market. This thesis proposes the following solution: the unification of the stock exchanges of Quito and Guayaquil and with it the strengthening of the Stock Market, since Ecuador is a territorially small country, the existence of both stock exchanges, makes the economy and the makes it less efficient; the foregoing would be achieved through a pure and simple merger between the mentioned companies; what, according to experiences of countries of America, has boosted the productive activity of the market.


Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are composed of a large number of sensor nodes that are scattered within a monitoring region and in which one or more sinks are responsible for the sensed data collecting. The sensor nodes are equipped with limited battery energy and are generally deployed in unattended environments such as in forests, on volcanoes, etc., to regularly report sensed data to the sink via wireless communication. Therefore, they cannot be recharged when a node depletes its battery energy. To design energy-conserving methods to prolong the network lifetime has become an important issue for WSNs. Nowadays the privacy and accuracy of data transmission are taken seriously; thus this paper aims at designing a data authentication mechanism integrated with an energy conserving routing scheme for WSNs to protect the integrity of receiving sensed data while at the same time conserving the battery energy of the sensor nodes. An energy-conserving reversible and irreversible digital watermarking hybrid scheme is proposed to balance the energy consumption and the robustness of the security.


We address the problem of stabilizing a planar biped robot on a complete walking cycle. Our approach is based on singling out the three fundamental phases of motion of a biped: single and double-support, separated (sequentially) by an impact "instantaneous" phase. We propose control laws to drive the robot for a finite time during each phase, while ensuring certain robustness vis-a-vis the impacts which are treated as external perturbations.


Vehicle routing problem is a NP-hard problem, with the expansion of problem solving more difficult. This paper proposes a hybrid behavior based on ant colony algorithm to solve the problem, ant to different objectives in the first place as the path selection according to the analysis of the impact on the algorithm, then define the ant behavior and design four concrete ant behavior by selecting different ways of ant behavior to form different improved algorithm. Finally, experimental results show that the improved algorithm can solve vehicle routing problems quickly and effectively.


The purpose of this study is to examine how healthcare clients' perceptions of employee emotional competence (EEC), influences satisfaction and loyalty, specifically the role of rapport and trust in this mechanism. This is a rather neglected topic in services research, which may contribute to better theorizing the role of perceived EEC. An empirical quantitative analysis reveals that perceived EEC leads to more satisfied and loyal clients in healthcare services. Additionally, rapport and trust were found to have a central role in leading to satisfaction and trust. Moreover, rapport was found to influence loyalty through trust, which reveals the mechanism through which rapport operates. Healthcare service managers may benefit from higher levels of emotional competences of their employees, and thus build rapport and trust in healthcare services.


In a recent article "Bazzoni's Conjecture" the authors used lattice-theoretic techniques to positively answer a conjecture of Bazzoni's regarding Prüfer domains. Suppose G is an l-group and F is a filter on G. Recall that F is a principal filter if it is of the form {g ∈ G : a ≤ g} for some a ∈ G. We say that F is a cold filter if for all P ∈Min(G), the filter(i.e. the interval) on (G/P ) defined by FP = {g+P : g ∈ F} has a minimum. If every filter on G is principal(resp.cold) then we say that the group is principally-filtered(resp.coldfiltered) l-group. In this dissertation we expand on the ideas of cold filters and characterize cold-filtered l-groups.


The end effector of a free-flying flexible space robot is tracked along a planar trajectory using inverse flexible dynamics control (IFDC) and fuzzy logic system adaptive control (FLSAC) strategies for comparison. The robot is required to track its end effector between two points in two-dimensional space while maintaining the orbiting rigid spacecraft at a fixed position in space. Simulation results show the IFDC strategy produces a trajectory that fails to reach its commanded final position by a large margin in both coordinates. The FLSAC strategy produces a more accurate trajectory closer to the commanded final position in both coordinates but at a greater computational time burden. Sporadic high magnitude driving torque "spikes" are experienced similar to the "bursting phenomenon" encountered with adaptive control systems. Spacecraft reactive translation and attitude disturbance is minimal in each case but slightly greater for IFDC. Notation


The text is indicated as a first reading to students and professionals in the biomedical area, especially those who study and teach anatomy. We reviewed some of the leading evolutionary changes that occurred in the skull and face of the hominids that preceded the modern man, documented by the fossil, geological and molecular register. It is expected to be a pleasant and easy read for the young scientist still not initiated with this knowledge, as well as for who is already studying the evolution of man.


Although new technology sometimes enables us to perform new tasks (e.g. space travel) and usually improves the quality of the product and the speed of production, the main reason for its adoption is to cut costs. Hence the primary effect of savings in wages is to increase unemployment and only later can the increased sales and emergence of new industries counter this effect.
 In my previous papers |1,2,3| I quoted 1978 predictions of unemployment in the UK increasing to 4.1 million, a rate of 1 in 6 by the end of 1983. Although these predictions were generally ignored and occasionally attacked they have proved uncannily accurate. The criticism in |4| was, as in some medieval discourse, attempting to disprove my conclusions by showing that the arguments given were not logically rigorous. Causality is notoriously difficult to prove (despite the evidence, it was possible for some time to avoid the conclusion that smoking caused cancer). The statements we made were true and the predictions, however unpalatable, have now been shown to be correct, but governments were able to reject such findings and avoid taking effective action leaving the present set of unsolved problems.


The first part of this thesis is based on observations made in the forest and a discussion of the place of fire in the ecology. It is concluded that there has been ecological equilibrium for several thousand years except in areas where man's pattern of behaviour has recently changed. It is argued that this equilibrium is dynamic and that it takes the form of "fire-cycles".
The second part deals with some experiments carried out during the period 1957-61.
The third part discusses regeneration surveys in Tasmania and other parts of the world and then proposes a new factor of heterogeneity "h" which appears to have several advantages over existing factors.


Algebraic graph theory is a branch of Mathematics that studies graphs by using algebraic properties. There are two main connections between graph theory and algebra. These arise from two algebraic objects associated with a graph: its adjacency matrix and its automorphism group. In this course, more in particular, we focus on the spectral graph theory that studies the relation between graph properties and the spectrum of the adjacency matrix and the Laplacian matrix.


During the turn of the twentieth century, the land continued to provide the practical, historical, and spiritual basis of distinct cultural practices for Aboriginal peoples in eastern Canada. This was also a time of direct and often intense cultural assaults on Indigenous traditions by state conservation practices and discourses on game preservation. An analysis of historic Aboriginal assertions of sovereignty and effective control in eastern Canada during this period provides an important context that links the current day neo-liberal discourse on "minority rights" and the resulting paradigm of domestication with the Canadian state's historic policies of aggressive civilization. This analysis ultimately argues that the historic and ongoing project of nation building in Canada is grounded in a complex nation-to-nation framework, with a long history of international diplomacy and good-governance practices that include the involvement of Aboriginal peoples in seeking positive and practical resolutions to their struggles with the state over their land and resource rights.


Potato is considered a staple food in the world and its production is limited by the presence of bacterial wilt (bw) disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. Host resistance is the most sustainable and cost-effective strategy to manage bw, although resistant commercial potato cultivars are not yet available. Our group incorporated the efr receptor of Arabidopsis thaliana (atefr), which recognizes the elongation factor Tu, preserved in bacteria, triggering an immune response. atefr was tested in two genetic backgrounds: a susceptible commercial cultivar (inia Ipora) and a breeding clone with partial resistance introgressed from Solanum commersonii. In this work, the effect of the atefr receptor on bw resistance was evaluated for the first time, using conditions resembling natural field infection. In addition, the colonization patterns of wild-type and transgenic lines were compared by using luminescent and fluorescent R. solanacearum reporter strains. Both approaches showed a delay and a decrease in the severity of wilting symptoms in the atefr-transformed genotypes. Differential colonization patterns were observed, revealing a higher bacterial development in the non-transformed plants. This atefr effect seems more pronounced in the interspecific breeding line, possibly leading to a more effective activation of the plant immune system.


Objective To investigate the prevalence of integron Ⅰ and antiseptics resistance genes in Acinetobacter baumannii strains.Methods Susceptibilities of 7 broad-spectrum antibiotics against A.baumannii isolates was determined by agar dilution according to the CLSI standard,and antiseptics resistance genes such as Int-1,qacA / B,qacEΔ1-sul1,qacG,smr,Isabal,and tnp513 were detected by PCR.Results The susceptibilities to imipenem,piperacillin-tazobactam,ceftazidime,tetracycline,cefoperazone-sulbactam,trimethoprom-sulfamethoxazole,amikacin were 12.5%,4.2%,4.2%,0,12.5%,8.3%,and 8.3%,respectively.The gene prevalence of qacEΔ1-sul1,Isabal,and Int-1 genes were 79.2%,83.3%,and 33.3%,respectively,while other 4 genes were not detected.Conclusion Acinetobacter baumannii strains we studied have resistances to broad-spectrum antibiotics seriously and carried Int-1 and antiseptics resistance genes.Accordingly,broad-spectrum antibiotics should be standardized utilized and effective disinfection measures should be carried out to prevent the dissemination of multidrug resistant strains in the hospital.


OBJECTIVE
The aim of the present study was to evaluate by clinical means the effect of enamel matrix proteins on the healing of a soft tissue wound produced by periodontal pocket instrumentation.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
The study was performed as an intra-individual, longitudinal trial of 3 weeks duration with a double-masked, split-mouth, placebo-controlled and randomized design. The patient material was comprised of 28 subjects with moderately advanced, chronic periodontitis. Each patient presented with 3 sites in each of 2 jaw quadrants with a probing pocket depth (PPD) of >or=5 mm and bleeding following pocket probing (BoP). Baseline examination, including assessments of plaque, gingival inflammation, PPD, BoP and root dentin sensitivity, was carried out one week after oral hygiene instruction and careful self-performed plaque control. All experimental sites were scaled and root planed, and the soft tissue wall of the pocket was curetted to remove the pocket epithelium and adjacent granulation tissue. The site was carefully irrigated with saline. When the bleeding from the pocket had ceased, a 24% EDTA gel was applied in the site and retained for 2 min. This was followed by careful irrigation with saline. Left and right jaw quadrants were then randomized to subgingival application of enamel matrix derivative (Emdogain) or vehicle-control. All sites were re-examined after 1, 2 and 3 weeks. In addition, a visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to score the degree of post-treatment discomfort. The primary endpoints of treatment success were defined as (i) pocket closure (PPD <or=4 mm), (ii) no bleeding following pocket probing, (iii) no sign of gingival inflammation (GI score =0) and (iv) low degree of post-treatment discomfort (VAS <or=20). Statistical analyzes of intra-individual differences between the test and control treatments were performed by the use of Wilcoxon signed rank test. For comparison of the proportions of sites reaching the defined endpoints of treatment success, a site-based analysis was performed using 2x2 tables and the Fisher exact test.

RESULTS
The endpoint "GI score =0" was reached at 16% of the sites subjected to application of Emdogain at 1 week and at 2% of the control sites (p=0.001). At 2 weeks, the corresponding figures were 25% versus 12% (p =0.028). Absence of BoP was at 1 week 57% for the Emdogain treated sites compared to 35% for the control sites (p=0.003). At 2 weeks, this endpoint was reached in 73% and 59% of the test and control sites, respectively (p=0.051). In terms of the endpoint defined for probing pocket depth, PPD <or=4 mm, no differences between test and control sites were found. At 1 week, the proportion of patients reporting a VAS score <or=20 was significantly higher for the Emdogain treated quadrants than for controls (p=0.002).

CONCLUSION
The results indicated that Emdogain topically applied in instrumented pockets enhance the early healing of periodontal soft tissue wounds.


The family Apiaceae ( Umbelliferae ) can be credited with two major landmarks in
 botanical history: the first systematic monographic treatment of any plant group
 (Morison, 1672), and the first international symposium dedicated to systematic
 research on a plant family (Heywood, 1971). The 1970 symposium on the Biology
 and Chemistry of the Umbelliferae held at the University of Reading, UK, resulted
 from the large body of research interest in the family around the world at that time,
 and helped to stimulate further work on the Apiaceae . It also provided a model for
 similar symposia on major plant groups in the years to follow, including Asteraceae (Heywood et al., 1977), Brassicaceae (Vaughan et al., 1976), Lamiaceae (Harley &
 Reynolds, 1992), Solanaceae (Hawkes et al., 1979), and Fabaceae (Summerfield &
 Bunting, 1980; Polhill & Raven, 1981). Growing interest in umbellifers soon resulted
 in a second international symposium on the family held at the Centre Universitaire
 de Perpignan, France, in 1977 (Cauwet-Marc & Carbonnier, 1982). Although a large
 role of this second symposium was to review progress on a major co-operative
 research programme focused mainly on the tribe Caucalideae , participants with other
 interests were also involved, and wider developments in the systematics of the family
 were discussed.


Abstract. Some of the properties of the human fat cell adenylate cyclase were studied in fat cell ghosts prepared from subcutaneous adipose tissue of twenty‐three patients. Under standard assay conditions (1 mmol/l ATP, 5 mmol/l mg2+, pH 8.5), the basal activity ranged from 0.6 nmol to 4.4 nmol of 3′,5′‐cyclic AMP formed per mg protein per 15 min.


e18794 Background: Dysphonia is a rare and under-reported adverse event. It is associated with the use of several cancer drugs. Dysphonia has been included as possible side effect on packet insert (PI) for some medications, like regorafenib, lenvatinib and axitinib. However, dysphonia has not been reported on multiple other drugs. We aimed to conduct a more comprehensive study to generate signal for dysphonia as adverse effect of drugs used for oncologic indications. Methods: The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Events Reporting System (FAERS) database, a pharmacovigilance database, was used to extract data. All reported cases of dysphonia in the database were filtered for an indication of cancer. Descriptive analysis was conducted using SPSS 26. Results: Total 41840 cases of dysphonia were extracted from FAERS database. Out of these, cancer as an indication for medication use was noted in 2996 cases. Dysphonia was reported as side effect of 30 medications. Some of the most common medications were regorafenib (n=463), cabozantinib (290), lenvatinib (178), axitinib (176) and palbociclib (126) as noted in Table. Dysphonia was not listed as adverse reaction on PI for cabozantinib, palbociclib, sorafenib and oxaliplatin. However, it has been reported for regorafenib, lenvatinib and axitinib. Median age at diagnosis was 66 years (interquartile range 59-73). Dysphonia was reported more commonly in males (51.5%) as compared to females (46.2%). Reactions were reported to the FDA more commonly by consumers (53.3% cases) as compared to healthcare professionals (44.5% cases). Conclusions: This study demonstrates signal of developing dysphonia in patients receiving certain cancer directed medications based on FAERS database. It is worth noting that some of the suspect medications identified in this study do not have dysphonia listed as known adverse effect on accompanying package insert. Further studies need to be conducted to confirm if causal relationship exists between use of these drugs and development of dysphonia. Detailed description of five drugs used for oncologic indications with highest reported cases of dysphonia as adverse effect.[Table: see text]


A simple and rapid UV spectrophotometric method has been developed for simultaneous estimation of Lamivudine (LAM) and Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). The absorption maxima of both drugs were found at 268nm and 258nm and obeyed Beer's law in the range of 2-10μg/ml (y = 0.059x-0.02; r 2 = 0.998) and 2-10μg/ml (y = 0.0565x-0.017; r 2 = 0.997) respectively for LAM and TDF in water: water (50:50) solvent system. Accuracy and reproducibility of the proposed method was statistically validated by recovery studies. This method is found to be precise and accurate and can easily be employed in the laboratory for the routine estimation of drugs.


In 1988, the World Health Assembly resolved to interrupt wild poliovirus (WPV) transmission worldwide. By 2006, the annual number of WPV cases had decreased by more than 99%, and only four remaining countries had never interrupted WPV transmission: Afghanistan, India, Nigeria, and Pakistan (1). The last confirmed WPV case in India occurred in January 2011 (2), leading the World Health Organization (WHO) South-East Asia Regional Commission for the Certification of Polio Eradication (SEA-RCC) in March 2014 to declare the 11-country South-East Asia Region (SEAR), which includes India,* to be free from circulating indigenous WPV. SEAR became the fourth region among WHO's six regions to be


A set of symmetric and asymmetric superlattices with ferromagnetic $La_{0.6}Sr_{0.4}MnO_3$ (LSMO) and ferroelectric $0.7Pb(Mg_{1/3}Nb_{2/3})O_3–0.3(PbTiO_3)$ as the constituting layers was fabricated on $LaNiO_3$ coated 100 oriented $LaAlO_3$ substrates using pulsed laser ablation. The crystallinity, and magnetic and ferroelectric properties were studied for all the superlattices. All the superlattice structures exhibited a ferromagnetic behavior over a wide range of temperatures between 10 and 300 K, whereas only the asymmetric superlattices exhibited a reasonably good ferroelectric behavior. Strong influence of an applied magnetic field was observed on the ferroelectric properties of the asymmetric superlattices. Studies were conducted toward understanding the influence of conducting LSMO layers on the electrical responses of the heterostructures. The absence of ferroelectricity in the symmetric superlattice structures has been attributed to their high leakage characteristics. The effect of an applied magnetic field on the ferroelectric properties of the asymmetric superlattices indicated strong influence of the interfaces on the properties. The dominance of the interface on the dielectric response was confirmed by the observed Maxwell-Wagner-type dielectric relaxation in these heterostructures.


This article examines how personal beliefs about hazard events interact with social context factors to influence how individuals interpret their relationship with their environment, assign meaning to natural hazards and their consequences, and make preparedness decisions. Building on earlier work applying the same theoretical model to volcanic hazard preparedness, this article examines earthquake and flood hazard preparedness. The study incorporates both quantitative and qualitative approaches to elicit more detailed information regarding the influences underlying individuals' decisions to adopt preparation activities to minimise the effects of natural hazards. Findings indicate that preparedness decisions are not made in isolation. Through community level discourse and processes importance is attached to natural hazards and protective measures. It is only when natural hazards are perceived as having greater salience than other threats that people are motivated to prepare for their effects. A major finding is a distinction between trust and distrust of civic authorities. The data suggest that preparedness decisions were strongly influenced by the relevance people attached to information provided by these civic authorities. Delivering hazard mitigation strategies involves engaging with community members in order to understand their needs and to render meaningful assistance to their preparedness decisions.


The new IRDF‐2002 dosimetry cross‐section library was completed by the IAEA in January 2004. A rigorous process was followed in the selection of the recommended dosimetry cross sections. The cross‐section selection was followed with a consistency testing. This paper reports on the results of the consistency testing. All candidate selections passed the acceptance testing criteria and the library release is pending. Observations are made on areas that need improvement in the cross sections and in the scope of the consistency testing.


This article describes the Association of Moving Image Archivists's (AMIA's) local television project—how it was formulated, its goals, and lessons learned from it. It was one of the first projects AMIA members undertook with outside funding to address issues of concern to the moving image community. Much of our nation's cultural heritage has been captured by local television. From local news coverage to children's programming to arts and entertainment, local television provides a glimpse of our country's communities. As Librarian of Congress James Billington opined in 1997,


A photopolarimeter designed to measure the radiance and the polarization ratio at lambda equals 0.85 microns and lambda equals 1.65 microns is set up on a gondola of a stratospheric balloon. By rotating the gondola, measurements of the diffuse solar light are obtained for a wide range of the scattering angles. An inversion scheme, based on the assumption of a log-normal size distribution, provides the relevant size parameters, the refractive index, and the slant optical thicknesses of the aerosols. Since 1983, this experiment was launched twice a year from Aire Sur Adour (S-E of France). The post-El Chichon atmospheric stratospheric aerosol proved to be quite stable in size and nature (hydratid sulfuric acid), but the abundance decreased by a factor of 10 between 1983 and 1987. The experiment was also launched to observe the stratosphere during the Arctic winter. Two flights, on January 28, 1988 and January 18, 1990, corresponded to an unperturbed atmosphere. But during a third flight, on April, 2, 1990, the temperatures were low enough for PCS formulations. A multilayer situation was observed with the standard H2SOH aerosols below 20 km; a dense layer was observed, peaked at around 23 km, with scattering coefficients about 50 times layer than in background conditions; and an upper layer was observed, rather sharp (approximately equal to 1 km), with micron sized particles.


This paper introduced and verified a method of weakening harmonic current in high power thyristor asynchronous motor current-source inverter variable speed system. It analyzed the air gap magnetic field of asynchronous motor which has two sets of stator three phase winding with phase difference 30o. The results showed that pulse torque and harmonic magnetic field produced by harmonic current can be weakened greatly with the method.


Future Space Transfer Vehicles (STV) will be required to perform missions (orbital transfer, Lunar/Mars transfer and descents) for which deep engine throttling is needed. In order to do this the turbopumps that propel the Space Transfer Vehicles need to be able to operate at different flow rates. The current state of the art cryogenic fuel and oxidizer turbopump designs do not operate well at off-design flow rates mainly due to stall and flow separation in the diffuser section. The purpose of this Thesis is to analyze the behavior of the fluid in the diffuser and the vaneless and vaned region of theMK49-F turbopump at different flow rates and to use fluid injection as a way to reduce the flow separation present in the vaned diffuser. To meet this objective a finite element based code, FIDAP, was used to build a three-dimensional model based on previous works done on the vaned diffuser. Previous works studied the behavior of the fluid in the vaned diffuser without taking into consideration the vaneless diffuser. From the results obtained, it was observed that flow separation has occurred at the bottom plane of the vaned diffuser, when the flow rate was reduced to 60% of the design flow, and in the top plane of the vaneless region. These results are different from the ones obtained in previous works where the flow separation was found in the top plane of the vaned diffuser. This shows that with the addition of the vaneless section, the flow behavior changes


Linguistic information aggregation has received great attention from researchers, and a variety of operators have been developed for aggregating linguistic information. All the existing linguistic information aggregation operators only consider the situations where all the aggregated linguistic arguments are independent, i.e., they only consider the addition of the importance of individual linguistic arguments, however, in some actual situations, the considered linguistic arguments may be correlative. In this paper, we focus on this issue. Motivated by the idea of the well-known Choquet integrals,1 we propose two new linguistic information aggregation operators called the linguistic correlated averaging operator and linguistic correlated geometric operator. In the special cases where the aggregated linguistic arguments are independent, the linguistic correlated averaging operator can be reduced to a variety of traditional linguistic averaging aggregation operators; while the linguistic correlated geometric operator can be reduced to a variety of the traditional linguistic geometric aggregation operators. Furthermore, we extend the above results to accommodate uncertain linguistic environments, and illustrate them with a practical problem.


Retinopathy of prematurity(ROP) is the leading cause of premature visual impairment and blindness,and is the fifth leading cause of bilateral childhood blindness worldwide.Most scholars believe that the ROP can be prevented.Research on the pathogenesis of ROP has been a hot spot in the medical field.Insulin-like growth factor(IGF-Ⅰ) interacts with the IGF-Ⅰ receptor(IGFR) and up-regulates vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) by activating downstream signaling pathways.It is critical to neovascularization.Intervention of IGF-Ⅰ and its regulatory factors could be a new and effective way to prevent retinopathy of prematurity.


Examines accounts of work carried out in 1911 and discusses investigations of 1995 which suggest that the primary structure was an Atlantic roundhouse. The author collaborates with Richard Strachan on `The islet' (261--62) and Alan Braby on `Excavation' (262--8).


This work explores an end-to-end image-to-tree approach for extracting accurate representations of vessel structures which may be beneficial for diagnosis of stenosis (blockages) and modeling of blood flow. Current image segmentation approaches capture only an implicit representation, while this work utilizes a subscale U-Net to extract explicit tree representations from vascular scans. We obtain insights from these representations by associating tubular thickness with tree edges and visualizing the network of blood vessels from the Digital Retinal Vessel Extraction dataset (DRIVE).


To the Editors:

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare lung disease characterised by lipoproteinaceous material accumulation in the alveoli. In the most frequent form of the disease (acquired PAP), a neutralising auto-antibody against granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) causes defects in the functioning of alveolar macrophages, including impairment of the catabolism of surfactant lipids and proteins 1.

The clinical manifestations of PAP are progressive dyspnoea, cough or fatigue. Available reports have never disclosed any ocular involvement.

Herein, we describe, in a patient with acquired PAP, a retinal …


Non-invasive brain stimulation, working by altering brain plasticity and exemplified by transcranial magnetic stimulation, can be successful as a therapeutic intervention.


We show that risk-constrained dynamic resource allocation problems with general integrable nonconvex instantaneous service functions exhibit zero duality gap. We consider risk constraints which involve convex and positively homogeneous risk measures admitting dual representations with bounded risk envelopes, and are strictly more general than expectations. Beyond expectations, particular risk measures supported within our setting include the conditional value-at-risk, the mean-absolute deviation (including the non-monotone case), certain distributionally robust representations and more generally all real-valued coherent risk measures on the space L 1 . Our proof technique relies on risk duality in tandem with Uhl's weak extension of Lyapunov's convexity theorem for vector measures taking values in general Banach spaces. Notation: Bold capital letters (such as A ), or calligraphic letters (such as A ), or sometimes plain capital letters (such as A ) will denote finite-dimensional sets. Double stroke letters (such as A ) will denote infinite-dimensional sets, such as Banach spaces. Math script letters (such as A ) will denote σ -algebras. Boldsymbol letters (such as A or a ) will denote (random) vectors. The space of integrable functions from a measurable space (Ω , F ) equipped with a finite measure µ : F → R + to a Banach space A , with standard notation L 1 (Ω , F , µ ; A ) [Diestel and Uhl, 1977, Shapiro et al., 2014], is abbreviated as L 1 ( µ, A ) , as it is also common practice [Diestel and Uhl, 1977]. The rest of the notation is standard.


To evaluate a regimen of targeted prophylaxis using rectal swab culture in patients undergoing transrectal ultrasound‐guided prostate biopsy, and to investigate the characteristics of isolated fluoroquinolone‐resistant Escherichia coli.


Modeling and simulation of submonolayer growth of copper film were carried out using the kinetic Monte Carlo method.The influence of substrate temperatures and deposition rates on the morphology of copper film was studied.The results show that the morphology of submonolayer copper films changes from dispersed islands to near-square compact islands with increasing substrate temperatures and decreasing deposition rates.The average sizes of the islands rise sharply with increasing substrate temperatures and decreasing deposition rates.The number of the islands decreases rapidly with increasing the substrate temperature and decreasing deposition rate.The number of islands doesn't change when the substrate temperature is more than a certain value.


The objective of this work is the development of DMC for a shell and tube heat exchanger and to address the difficulties in tuning a DMC. Although the PID controller is widely used for these types of applications there is still a need for optimization of conservation of energy. In this paper a model based predictive algorithm is used for controlling a temperature of a fluid stream using the shell and tube heat exchanger and the associated difficulties in tuning are analyzed. The transients and steady state results obtained using a DMC is compared with a conventional PID and IMC-PID controller.


The structure of the surfaCe wax on green and glaucous variants in Eucalyptus urnigera, Poa colensoi (natural cline forms), Pisum sativum, and BraBsica oleracea (mutants) are described as seen under the electron microscope. Preliminary chemical data are also given. The green forms always possess wax deposits which are either smooth films on the cuticle or consist predominantly of platelets which lie flat on the cuticular surface. In some cases the platelets tend to be arranged in parallel groups. In the glaucous variants, the wax consists predominantly of rods or filaments growing outwards from the leaf surface and presenting many light-scattering surfaces.


The Alliance to End Plastic Waste, an industry group that includes some of the world's largest plastic producers, says it has made a good start in its first 18 months as it tries to tackle plastic ...


The utility model relates to an electrophoretic paint recovery device. The electrophoretic paint recovery device comprises an electrophoresis tank, a first ultrafiltration recovery tank and a second ultrafiltration recovery tank which are respectively connected in series and are respectively provided with electrophoretic paint, a first backflow tank is arranged between the electrophoresis tank and the first ultrafiltration recovery tank, a second backflow tank is arranged between the first ultrafiltration recovery tank and the second ultrafiltration recovery tank, the electrophoretic paint in the first ultrafiltration recovery tank flows into the first backflow tank, the electrophoretic paint in the second ultrafiltration recovery tank flows into the second backflow tank. The electrophoretic paint recovery device has the advantages of being simple and convenient to operate, not only being capable of meeting both the dynamic balance in production and static balance in production stopping, but also being capable of effectively lowering the production cost, and the like.


Games, used as entertainment, have also been inserted in the educational context as Learning Objects. In this aspect, they present a fun way to insert educational content for students of different levels. In order to give greater support to students of basic education, this article presents a technological artifact, in game format, for teaching science, through elements existing in the environment. The game was introduced to freshman students and underwent an assessment. The results showed that the game presents interesting contents that generate learning for students.


Aims: To investigate the role of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) in the evaluation of progressive massive fibrosis and centrilobular nodules in patients who had silicosis due to denim sandblasting. Materials and methods: Thirty-seven progressive massive fibrosis lesions and three centrilobular nodules were evaluated in 33 patients. The kinetic curves of each of the lesions on DCE-MRI was obtained; signal intensities on T2 weighted images were evaluated, along with the contrast characteristics of progressive massive fibrosis lesions and the correlation between the progressive massive fibrosis load and the diameter of the pulmonary arteries. Results: Progressive massive fibrosis tended to develop earlier in this subtype of silicosis. The visibility of progressive massive fibrosis on MRI compared to computed tomography was higher than that of centrilobular nodules. While DCE-MRI showed gradual contrast enhancement and no washout pattern for progressive massive fibrosis, centrilobular nodules had an earlier and higher maximum peak with a washout pattern. The degree of fibrosis was not correlated with the contrast values and a more progressive massive fibrosis load was associated with a greater degree of pulmonary vascular dilatation. Conclusions: MRI should be used in the evaluation of silicosis, especially in patients who have progressive massive fibrosis, because it is better at characterizing tissues and can be repeated without the danger of exposing the patient to radiation.


Abstract On the 29th anniversary of the Americans with Disabilities Act, the author takes stock on what the Act has accomplished thus far and what still needs attention, as he reflects on Andrew I. Batavia's (Drew) discovered memoirs and his life mission as a disability activist. Drew was a person with a spinal cord injury who wrote regulations for the Act. As we celebrate the Act today we need to protect and advance these civil rights now and into the future so that all people can participate more fully in life.


People in the village Karangheleut, sub Situradja Sumedang District are the majority of farmers, especially in the plantation sector, in addition to managing its own gardens also employ others to work with the system in accordance with the profit sharing agreements or local customs. In general, this cooperation is based on an agreement or trust between the two parties and the contract verbally, giving opportunities between the two sides do things that can harm, such as in the agreement, the rights and obligations of both parties, sharing the results do not necessarily equal and in accordance with the principles of Islamic law regarding contract musaqah. From where authors try to trace and examine whether the implementation of the results in the Karangheleut village there are scams and exploitation of one party against another party. In writing this essay, the author used type of research is field research, to solve the problems faced by qualitative approach was used, so that with such an approach is expected compilers can assess whether the implementation of the results in the Village Karangheleut appropriate or not according to Islamic law regarding contract musaqah. While the data obtained sourced from the perpetrators for the results and the villagers Karangheleut deemed understand and know about the problem but it is also of the data in the form of literature relavan. Based on research, the author concludes that in the implementation of the results conducted in the village of Karangheleut not valid under Islamic law regarding contract musaqah. The cooperation still contains usury, because the landowners had obtained part determines the beginning and not in the form of a percentage. Thus the terms and rukun  unmet.


A field experiment showed that with similar mulberry garden management,the treatments of foliar spray with 70% topsin WP800 times liquid and 50% carbendazim WP1000 times liquid or removal of flowers and fruits at the flowering-fruiting stage of the tree gave the best results of Ciboria carumculoides control.It is,therefore,recommended that in mulberry production summer pruning be adopted instead of spring pruning and flowers and fruits be removed at the flowering-fruiting stage of the tree.


Current guidelines recommend atrioventricular junction (AVJ) ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) treated with cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). Our study compared the CRT response of patients in sinus rhythm (SR) vs. AF.


We present a simple method for optimization of ultrafast switching performance in semiconductor optical amplifier Mach-Zehnder interferometer (SOA-MZI) devices. By simultaneously measuring switching dynamics over all possible interferometer bias points, we acquire an extinction map which accurately identifies operating conditions for high extinction and optimal switching.


In Brazil, control of adults of the dengue vector, the mosquito Aedes aegypti, is performed with pyrethroid
insecticides. However, despite the recent implementation of this compound in national scale, several
populations of this vector are already resistant. The voltage gated sodium channel is the pyrethroid target
site, in the insect nervous system. We investigated the molecular diversity of a particular region of this gene
(AaNaV) in Ae. aegypti Brazilian populations in order to identify potential substitutions implicated with
insecticide resistance. Cloning and sequencing of the genome region between the AaNaV exons 20 and 21 in
individuals from five distinct localities, confirmed polymorphism in the intron and in two positions of exon 20,
these latter related to synonymous substitutions. According to these characteristics sequences were grouped
into types A or B. Two additional predictive substitutions were noted: Ile Met and Val  Ile, respectively, in
1011 and 1016 sites, both only in type A sequences. Individuals from the Rockefeller insecticide susceptible
reference strain exhibited only type B sequences and the wild alleles on both 1011 and 1016 positions. Allelespecific PCR molecular typing of individuals from 15 localities showed that the Ile1011Met mutation is
widespread throughout Brazil, whereas Val1016Ile is more proeminent toward the middle of the country. In
five localities typing was performed separately in susceptible or resistant individuals; the mutant 1016Ile allele
was significantly more present in the resistant ones, especially in homozygozity, suggesting the recessive
character of this resistant mutation. Surprisingly, a series of observations suggested the occurrence of a gene
duplication consisting of both type B and A sequences this last one with the 1011Met mutation. Typing of the
1011 site in the offspring of couples with specific genotypes corroborated this hypothesis. Finally,
comparisons among lineages selected or not with pyrethroid suggested negative pleiotropic effects of
resistance on development and reproduction aspects.


While the alignment of audio recordings and text (often termed "forced alignment") is often treated as a solved problem, in practice the process of adapting an alignment system to a new, under-resourced language comes with significant challenges, requiring experience and expertise that many outside of the speech community lack. This puts otherwise "solvable" problems, like the alignment of Indigenous language audiobooks, out of reach for many real-world Indigenous language organizations. In this paper, we detail ReadAlong Studio, a suite of tools for creating and visualizing aligned audiobooks, including educational features like time-aligned highlighting, playing single words in isolation, and variable-speed playback. It is intended to be accessible to creators without an extensive background in speech or NLP, by automating or making optional many of the specialist steps in an alignment pipeline. It is well documented at a beginner-technologist level, has already been adapted to 30 languages, and can work out-of-the-box on many more languages without adaptation.