Widespread use of the acrylic veneer crown in the past has been the result of the relatively simple fabricating technic required, the initial esthetic qualities of the material, and lack of a better mate rial. The porcelain veneer crown, in which porcelain is fused to gold, repre sents a step in the right direction. Fused porcelain is more esthetic than acrylic resin; it is more permanent and more resistant to wear. Both acrylic and por celain facings are difficult to repair.


This paper intends to draw the attention of language teachers and educational authorities to the area of culture teaching in foreign language education at a time when the recently issued Basic Standards of Competencies in Foreign Language have conferred modest attention to this aspect of language education. The paper first describes the notion of Intercultural communicative competence. It then discusses the tensions between this new understanding of the teaching of culture and the prevailing teaching practices, approaches, beliefs and discourses associated with the learning and teaching of culture. Third, it reports on the results of a study which critically analyzed the academic discourses of in-service teachers in Colombia regarding the cultural component of foreign language programs; finally, it proposes ways to start taking new directions.


(1963). An Evaluation of the Henmon-Nelson Group IQ Test with Delinquent Girls. The Journal of General Psychology: Vol. 69, No. 2, pp. 227-233.


Based on the properties of random series of functions,the distribution of the ‖P‖∞of the random series P(t)=∑ξnfn(t) is given in this paper,where ξn is a subgaussian sequence,fn(t) is defined by a period and leaded function with boundary consistently.When the complex subgaussian sequence is instead of the sequence of subgaussian,the results can also be proved.


Objective To analyze the characteristics of the anxiety of nurses at various levels in Cixi City. Methods By means of the Self-rating Anxiety Scale, a survey was made with 745 on-the-job nurses in Cixi City, and then comparisons were made of the levels of anxiety of nurses of different professional titles, ages, durations of work, position, educational backgrounds and from different levels of state-owned hospitals and different departments. Results The levels of anxiety of all the subjects were higher than the domestic norm (P0.001). And the differences in terms of the staffing structure, the status and level of the work unit, and the department were all statistically significant (P0.01 or P0.0001), with the anxiety level of the nurses on the permanent staff, and those from state-owned hospitals and municipal ones being higher. The differences in terms of professional title, work duration, age, position, and educational background had no statistical significance (P0.05). Conclusion Part of the nursing staff in Cixi City has anxiety, with the level of nurses on the permanent staff, and those from state-owned hospitals and municipal ones being on the high end. This points to the necessity of taking effective interference measures in light of the causes of the anxiety to improve the mental health of the nursing population.


In this paper,according to the main factors that will influence the indoor thermal comfort,such as temperature,velocity,relative humidity and mean radiant temperature,projection pursuit model for thermal comfort evaluation was established.With this model,the multiple indexes could be converted into a value of projection index which consisted of the comprehensive information.Furthermore,based on the difference of those values,indoor thermal comfort could be evaluated objectively.As a result,by comparing the results of subjective evaluation on environment with those of projection pursuit algorithm,it was indicated that these two methods came to an agreement.The method presented in this paper was very simple for calculating and easy to put into practice,thus,for evaluating the indoor thermal comfort,new method and concept were provided.


An optimal design method in cooperated with nonlinear inelastic analysis method is presented. The proposed nonlinear inelastic method overcomes the difficulties due to incompatibility between the elastic global analysis and the limit state member design in the conventional LRFD method. The genetic algorithm uses a procedure based on Darwinian notions of survival of the fittest, where selection, crossover, and mutation operators are used among sections in the database to look for high performance ones. They satisfy the constraint functions and give the lightest weight to the structure. The objective function is set to the total weight of the steel structure and the constraint functions are load-carrying capacities, serviceability, and ductility requirement. Case studies of a three-dimensional frame and a three-dimensional steel arch bridge are presented.


The ways in which methods of dyeing different types of man-made fibres have developed are discussed. Particular attention is paid to the main synthetic-polymer fibres—nylon, acrylic and polyester fibres. Future developments in dyeing are discussed critically, with emphasis on the dyeing of fibre blends, the design of dyeing and other wet-processing machinery, instrumentation and automatic control, solvent processing, and mass pigmentation.


Although interspousal transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been studied, the factors responsible for it remain unclear. Two hundreds and eighty nine index patients and their spouses were enrolled in our study. The risk factors of HCV transmission between spouse were investigated in two groups, including 231 cases with negative anti-HCV and 58 cases with positive anti-HCV. All spouses were asked to complete a questionnaire addressing the history of drug abuse, tattooing, operation, blood transfusion, hemodialysis, needle injury, acupuncture, sexually transmitted disease, prostitution, duration of exposure, sharing of nail clippers, toothbrush and chopsticks. Serum samples were collected to test serum ALT (Alanine aminotransferase) in all couples. Quantitative analysis of HCV virus titer was assayed in 120 index patients. Among spouses of 289 index patients with chronic hepatitis C anti-HCV was detected in 58 (20.1%) spouses of them. The duration of exposure is the only statistically significant factor related to interspousal transmission of HCV in multivariate analysis. In conclusion, spouses of patients with chronic hepatitis C are at increased risk of acquiring HCV infection, and the risk increases with the duration of exposure. Because the prevalence of HCV infection in the general population of the study areas is unknown and the HCV genotypes are not analyzed in our study, the actual factors of HCV infection among spouses of patients with chronic hepatitis C need to be further studied.


This paper studies the impact of sales uncertainty on firms' investment outlays using the database of the Deutsche Bundesbank's corporate balance sheet statistics. The sample used for estimation is a panel of 4'234 west German manufacturing firms with 33'217 observations, covering the years 1987-1997. In 1996, these firms accounted for 49.3% of the total turnover of German incorporated manufacturers. As uncertainty indicators, we construct firm-specific, time varying volatility measures. Using Within estimators and GMM techniques, we find a moderately strong and consistently negative effect of uncertainty on investment. If the uncertainty indicator is increased by one standard deviation, the predicted investment demand will fall by about 3.7 % of its mean.


Now that cannabis is legal for medical or recreational use in more than 20 U.S. states, San Diego-based MyDx has designed what it calls the first battery-operated, handheld cannabis analyzer for consumers. Equipped with the company's CannaDX sensor and linked to an associated app for iOS and Android devices, the MyDx analyzer allows both the medical user and connoisseur to keep a coordinated tracking journal of cannabis strains they have tested and how each strain makes them feel. The app even includes a recommendation engine that leverages a database of others' results to recommend cannabis strains that might expand a user's horizons, say the MyDx folks. To test a sample, a user sacrifices 50 mg of cannabis. The aromas arising from the crushed sample in the MyDx test chamber cause proprietary sensors in MyDx to swell, inducing a change in the sensors' electrical resistance. After holding its breath for three ...


This article provides an exploratory systematic mapping of the global ecosystem of COVID-19 pandemic response apps. After considering policy updates by Google Play's and Apple's App Store, we analyse all the available response apps in July 2020;their different response types;the apps' developers and geographical distribution;the ecosystem's 'generativity' and developers' responsiveness during the unfolding pandemic;the apps' discursive positioning;and material conditions of their development. Google and Apple are gatekeepers of these app ecosystems and exercise control on different layers, shaping the pandemic app response as well as the relationships between governments, citizens, and other actors. We suggest that this global ecosystem of pandemic responses reflects an exceptional mode of what we call 'pandemic platform governance', where platforms have negotiated their commercial interests and the public interest in exceptional circumstances. © 2021, Alexander von Humboldt Institute for Internet and Society. All rights reserved.


The utility model discloses a production device of hollow gypsum blending material block, which comprises a bottom plate, a separator member and a mould core member. Wherein the separator member comprises a connecting rod, a first hydraulic cylinder connected with the connecting rod, one or more than one separators arranged on the connecting rod, a second side plate, a third side plate and a fourth side plate which are fixed on the connecting rod; the second side, the third side plate, the fourth side plate and a first side plate arranged on the bottom plate are connected with each other in turn, and are positioned around the bottom plate; one or more than one grooves are arranged in the bottom plate; the mould core member comprises a mould core connecting rod, a second hydraulic cylinder connected with the mould core connecting rod and one or more than one mould cores fixed at the mould core connecting rod, and one or more than one through holes corresponding with the mould cores of the mould core member are arranged at the first side plate. The utility model has the advantages of simple structure, easy operation, greatly improved work efficiency, lessening labor intensity of worker and, in some degree, improved qualification rate of products.


In this paper, a novel center frequency measurement method in an analog CMOS Gm/C band-pass filter is introduced. The purposed method is based on the measurement of stepresponse damping oscillation period which is related to over-shoot and under-shoot time difference of filter. This time difference is converted to a PWM (Pulse Width Modulated) control signal for filter automatic fine-tuning system. HSPICE simulation results in a 1MHz analog CMOS Gm/C band-pass filter are given. This new method has two advantages, First, it uses an easier to make, step test signal, instead of an exact single frequency sine test signal which is more difficult to make. Second, a simple and small analog hardware is used. It is more suitable for high-Q filters. The major drawback of our method is lower measurement accuracy in medium and low quality-factor filters.


Application of carbaryl 1.0 kg. a.i. hectare, fenthion 1.00 kg, a.i./ha. and dime-thoate 0.35 kg. a.i./ha. as spray to Muscat grape berries had left initial deposits of 38 50, 17.65 and 13.50 ppm of the insecticides respectively. The residues dissipated to nontoxic levels in 3 days for fenthion and 5 days for carbaryl and dimethoate. Hence a waiting period of 3 days for fenthion and 5 days for carbaryl and dimethoate have been recommended for the safe consumption of grape berries when they are treated at the above specified doses.


Query (Q) fever is a zoonosis caused by Coxiella burnetii. The current understanding of the natural history of Q fever is that a nonimmune patient enters into contact with C. burnetii. The immune control of Q fever is T cell dependent, but it does not lead to C. burnetii eradication, and immunosuppression can induce relapse of infection in apparently cured patients or laboratory animals. Incubation of monocytes from patients with Q fever endocarditis demonstrated an increase in the secretion of interleukin 10 (IL-10), which was also increased in patients who had relapsed after treatment of Q fever endocarditis. A higher rate of complaints of various pains (headaches, myalgias, and arthralgias) in Q fever hepatitis patients were observed, including thrombocytopenia as well as elevated sedimentation rate. Q fever hepatitis patients frequently exhibit autoantibodies, including anti-smooth muscle antibodies, antinuclear antibodies, and antiphospholipid antibodies. The combination of hydroxychloroquine and doxycycline is currently the most effective therapy. The diagnosis of Q fever is easy when it is considered as part of the differential diagnosis, and the main diagnostic test for Q fever is microimmunofluorescence serology.


In this work, we report a unique time-dependent evolution of drain current and hot electron distribution along the width of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs on C-doped GaN buffer during semi- ON state stressing. The drain current evolution with stress time exhibited two distinct phases, i.e., first, drain current reduction at lower stress times, which, second, is followed by an increase in the magnitude for longer stress times. Electroluminescence (EL) measurements revealed this to be accompanied by a transition in the hot electron distribution along the device width, from being uniform (during the current reduction phase) to being confined near the center of the device (during current increase phase). Detailed experiments involving measure-stress-measure (M-S-M) routine showed a gate-stack-dependent threshold voltage shift in ${\text {SiN}}_{x}$ -gated MISHEMTs to be responsible for the reduction in the drain current. On the other hand, increase in the drain current and hot electron confinement were observed in Schottky as well as MIS-gated devices. Furthermore, in situ thermoreflectance-based temperature monitoring showed a nonuniform temperature distribution along the device width. Detailed computations, taking into account the nonuniform temperature distribution, established heating induced nonuniform hole emission along the device width and their subsequent lateral redistribution to be responsible for the experimentally observed current increase and hot electron confinement.


Herein, the design and synthesis of a highly photoluminescent and electrically conductive metal–organic framework [Zn{Cu‐p‐H6TPPA}]⋅2 [(CH3)2NH] (designated as GTUB3), which is constructed using the 5,10,15,20‐tetrakis [p‐phenylphosphonic acid] porphyrin (p‐H8TPPA) organic linker, is reported. The bandgap of GTUB3 is measured to be 1.45 and 1.48 eV using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, respectively. The PL decay measurement yields a charge carrier lifetime of 40.6 ns. Impedance and DC measurements yield average electrical conductivities of 0.03 and 4 S m−1, respectively, making GTUB3 a rare example of an electrically conductive 3D metal–organic framework. Thermogravimetric analysis reveals that the organic components of GTUB3 are stable up to 400 °C. Finally, its specific surface area and pore volume are calculated to be 622 m2 g−1 and 0.43 cm3 g−1, respectively, using grand canonical Monte Carlo. Owing to its porosity and high electrical conductivity, GTUB3 may be used as a low‐cost electrode material in next generation of supercapacitors, while its low bandgap and high photoluminescence make it a promising material for optoelectronic applications.


Aiming at the problems of ORB (Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF) algorithm in complex environments, such as low matching accuracy and poor real-time performance. An improved AGAST feature point detection fusion ORB algorithm is proposed. First, build Gaussian pyramid to generate scale-invariant AGAST, then use gray-scale centroid method to generate directional feature point descriptors, and finally use Hamming distance to complete the matching, and combine RANSAC to optimize the matching results; at the same time, this article focuses on the AGAST algorithm The fixed threshold is improved in the middle, and an adaptive threshold method is proposed. The experimental results show that, compared with the original ORB algorithm, the algorithm proposed in this paper improves the time by 15.41%, and has a good matching accuracy under the environment of varying illumination and rotation scale.


Mechanisms of transformation toughening in ductible solids are investigated by (1) detailed observations of crack-tip processes and (2) numerical modelling with experimentally-derived constitutive relations. Two series of model alloy steels have been developed for convenient study of transformation toughening at room temperature and for detailed study of constitutive behavior. Constitutive relations based on strain-induced transformation kinetics are being refined for these homogeneous austenitic alloys and extended to dispersed-phase systems. Using alloy composition to vary phase stability, processes of shear-instability-controlled fracture at sectioned crack tips are observed with and without transformation plasticity interactions. Quantitative constitutive relations developed for the experimental alloys are applied to crack-tip and notch fields to study transformation plasticity interaction with various models of microvoid-softening-induced shear localization. A final stage of the proposed research involves generalization of derived concepts to related phenomena in other ductile solids.


The objective of this research was to isolate, screen, and identify the cellulase and xylanase-producing mold from oil palm waste. There are thirty-two isolates from oil palm waste which are able to degrade and grow on media containing cellulose or xylan as a sole carbon source. Screening to determine cellulolytic and xylanolytic activity was performed by paper disc diffusion method using Congo Red as an indicator. All the thirty-two mold isolates showed cellulolytic and xylanolytic activity with relative enzyme activity (ratio of hydrolysed zone diameter and diameter of colony growth) ranging from 1.04 to 1.62. Based on the macro- and micromorphology characteristics, these isolates were identified as genus Trichoderma, Aspergillus, Rhizopus, Tallaromyces and Penicillium, with the number isolates in each genus was 22, 4, 3, 2, and 1 respectively. The highest cellulolytic and xylanolytic activity was achieved from the isolate namely OPT1(4) which was identified as Talaromyces pinophilus using morphological and molecular analysis. Under the optimum condition (30°C, 72 hours) in liquid medium containing carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and birch wood xylan as the main carbon source, Talaromyces pinophilus OPT1(4) presented glucanase and xylanase activity of 15.17 U/mL and 13.35 U/mL, respectively.


The present invention relates to a method of prophylaxis or treatment of systemic diseases in cats, wherein the method comprising administration of a therapeutically effective amount of angiotensin II receptor 1 (AT-1) antagonist (sartan) to a cat in need of such a treatment.


The inclusion in the diet of biological products of a biodegradable nature is a highly valued strategy with many advantages. Posidonia oceanica is a seagrass species which may be used as a substitute for straw. In this study, one group of goats (control) was fed a normal diet that contained straw, while the straw in the diet of the other group was replaced by P. oceanica. No significant differences were found between the control and experimental group regarding the main physicochemical and sensorial parameters of the resulting milk and cheese; although the cheese from the group fed P. oceanica was firmer and chewier. When the milk-clotting time was determined under different assay conditions, the origin of the milk was found to have a significant effect, the milk from animals fed with algae showing greater technological suitability. In conclusion, P. oceanica can be used as a straw substitute, promoting a sustainable livestock system and contributing to the maintenance of meadows.


The invention relates to a method for manufacturing an electrical component (70, 80, 81, 82, 83) which is arranged at least one substrate (6) and at least one on the substrate (6) coating (4) consists of at least two different materials (1 , 2) which are deposited the (in a common deposition process on the substrate 6), characterized in that in a first deposited material (1) in the course of the deposition process thread-like structures (5) of a second deposited material (2) are formed, wherein one or more Nukleationsparameter of the second material (2) in the formation of thread-like structures (5) in the first material (1) of the second by one or more process parameters according to a desired, be generated by the manufacturing process to desired shape of the thread-like structures (5) material (2) to be controlled. The invention also relates to a Kodepositionsanlage for the production of an electrical component and an electrical component which is produced by such a process.


This paper deals with aspects of actual professional experience of social workers, in order to grasp a framework for professional rewards and frustrations. A qualitative research tool was chosen, life histories, and ten social workers were interviewed. The subjects were women who graduated between the 1950s and the 1990s from schools of social work in Brazil, and whose practice, present or past, involves direct contact with clients. The reasons explaining satisfying professional situations are rooted in professional experiences which were translated into personal development, the establishment of personal ties and the acquisition of skills. Perceptions of having contributed towards solving a difficult situation and recognition from their clients were positively appraised. These are rewarding situations from which social workers derive the feeling of having created something which is positive for the clients and for themselves. Unpleasant situations were described as unfair situations experienced by clients, poor working conditions and difficulties concerning inter‐professional relationships. Inferences on the feminine role as influencing social workers' rewards and frustrations with the profession, as well as inferences on possible unconscious configurations underlying some of the data were drawn in the conclusions.


The net effect of the new law is to significantly decrease food stamp outlays. CBO's estimate, though likely high, is that $23 billion over 1997-2002, or about $4 billion per year, will be cut. Reductions in food stamp benefits will cause low-income families to decrease spending on food and other goods such as housing, clothing, and medical care. Thus, the economic effects of cuts in transfers to low-income families, even in the form of food stamps, are not limited to the production and consumption of food, but ripple throughout the economy.


Described is a method of producing emulsion polymers on an industrial scale from at least partially hydrophobic monomers in an agitator reactor vessel with a useful volume of 2 to 80 m , using a metering technique with a monomer-addition rate of 15 to 60 % by wt. per hour of the total amount of monomer to be added, by polymerizing and distilling a water/monomer mixture under reduced pressure and feeding the condensed water/monomer mixture back to the reactor vessel.


Nanomaterials cover a diverse class of systems including high surface-area heterogeneous catalysts, quantum dots, nanoscale variations in interface and surface properties. Understanding the unique physical properties underlying nanomaterials and nanostructures requires the local structure and chemistry to be determined at the atomic scale. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) offers a powerful combination of techniques that may permit structural and compositional information to be obtained with better than 0.2 nm spatial resolution in the current generation of commercially available instruments. For STEM imaging, the probe is focused and scanned over the sample in a raster pattern and an image is formed by measuring a signal arising from the beam-specimen interactions. The elastically scattered fast electron signals can be employed to give bright or dark-field images. Alternatively, a spectroscopic signal can be measured and used to generate an elemental map. The probe can also be held stationary at one point in the object and an electron diffraction pattern or spectrum recorded. Under ideal conditions, composition and bonding information can be obtained from the electron energy-loss spectrum (EELS) with atomic column resolution.


As a result of experiments and numerical simulation low- threshold ablation of materials under the action of pulsed laser radiation on metals was established. The resulting surface structure with heat insulating fragments contribute to low-threshold evaporation and erosion plasma ignition. Analysis of experimental data on plasma threshold conditions in the wide range of wavelengths and laser pulse lengths has been carried out.


This structural overview includes a brief discussion of Inuktitut as a polysynthetic agglutinative language. It outlines affiliations with other language families and lists the sub-branches and dialects of the language. The phonological and morphophonemic systems of Inuktitut are described. The central morphology of the language is discussed in two subsections, one dealing with the noun phrase, the other with the verb phrase.


Background Patients with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) are often treated with disease modifying therapies (DMT) with immunomodulatory effects. This is of particular concern following the development of several vaccines to combat coronavirus disease 19 (COVD-19), a potentially fatal illness caused by SARS-CoV-2. Objectives To determine the efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in pwMS and the impact of disease modifying therapies (DMT) on vaccine response. Methods This is a prospective longitudinal study in pwMS. Longitudinal serum samples were obtained prior to, and after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination. A novel neutralizing antibody (nAb) assay was used to determine nAbs titres against SARS-CoV-2 spike. Results We observed that (1) pwMS on B-cell depleting therapies exhibited reduced response to vaccination compared to other pwMS, correlating with time from last anti-CD20 infusion, (2) prior COVID-19 illness, DMT category, and pyramidal function were significant predictors of vaccine responsiveness, and (3) circulating absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) and IgG levels correlated with nAb levels. Conclusions We demonstrate that pwMS exhibit reduced nAb response to mRNA vaccination dependent on DMT status and identify predictive biomarkers for vaccine efficacy. We conclude that additional vaccination strategies may be necessary to achieve protective immunity in pwMS.


Unlike cryptocurrency transactions in bitcoin that are stored indefinitely, the data of certain applications like IoT have finite-lifetime. In this context, one of the recent research works proposed LiTiChain - a new architecture for Blockchain of finite-lifetime blocks with applications to Edge-IoT. The novelty of LiTiChain lies in ensuring the connectivity of the chain even after the expired blocks are deleted from the chain. To provide the same level of security as conventional blockchain, in LiTiChain, some blocks are stored longer than their lifetime, which incurs additional storage cost. This paper presents two new blockchain architectures i.e. p-LiTiChain and s-LiTiChain that are variants of LiTiChain. The proposed architectures offer a degree of freedom in the design of blockchain of finite-lifetime blocks in terms of a tradeoff between storage cost, security and computational cost. With extensive simulations and analysis, it is demonstrated that the proposed architectures have the potential to decrease the additional storage cost incurred by LiTiChain to zero and improve security at the expense of computational cost.


An elegant set of experiments led by researchers at the Duke University Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy could be an important step toward bringing genome-guided therapy from the laboratory to the bedside.

In a study whose results were reported in the November issue of Nature Medicine, the


In the modern agricultural landscape, realizing data's full potential requires a unified infrastructure where stakeholders collaborate and share their data to gain insights and create business value. The agricultural data ecosystem (ADE) serves as a crucial socio-technical infrastructure, aggregating diverse data from various platforms and, thus, advertising sustainable agriculture and digitalization. Establishing trustworthy data sharing and exchange in agro-food value chains involves socioeconomic and technological elements addressed by the agricultural data space (ADS) and its trust principles. This paper outlines key challenges to data sharing in agro-food chains impeding ADE establishment based on the review of 27 studies in scientific literature. Challenges mainly arise from stakeholders' mistrust in the data-sharing process, inadequate data access and use policies, and unclear data ownership agreements. In the ADE context, interoperability is a particularly challenging topic for ensuring the long-term sustainability of the system. Considering these challenges and data space principles and building blocks, we propose a set of design principles for ADS design and implementation that aim to mitigate the adverse impact of these challenges and facilitate agricultural data sharing and exchange.


The final chapter of Vygotsky's book Thinking and Speech bears the derivative title 'Thought and word' and suggests that this chapter reflects the concerns of the work as a whole rather than a part contributing to the whole. The chapter is also distinctive in other respects. Dictated in the final months of his life, it represents not only the end of a book but the last evidence we have of Vygotsky's most mature thought. It is strange that relatively little attention has been paid to this chapter in the form of extended commentary. One speculative reason is that in this chapter we encounter a very different portrait of Vygotsky, in which the other side of the coin, the head rather than the tail, is presented. In this chapter, Vygotsky takes a decisive turn inwards and, in his opening words (1987, p. 243), reminds the reader that 'Our investigation began with an attempt to clarify the internal relationships between thought and word at the most extreme stages of phylogenetic and ontogenetic development.' Contrary to a particular contemporary picture of Vygotsky as the patron of a kind of extraverted psychology in which explanations for human behaviour are sought on the outside beyond the skin and beyond consciousness, 'in society', or 'in culture', or 'distributed' among tools of various kinds, a different view emerges in this final chapter.


A series of quaternary alkylammonium sulfobetaines of general formula RN + (CH 3 ) 2 (CH 2 ) n SO 3 , where n = 2-4, have been synthesised by reacting the corresponding N,N-dimethylamines with either sodium 2-chloroethanesulfonate (n=2), 1,3-propane-sultone (n=3), or 1,4-butanesultone (n=4). Full details of the preparation of the required N,N-dimethylamine are reported.


This is a prevalence study on Demodex folliculorum infection, a parasitic mite of human eyelashes, eyelids and meibomian glands ducts. This type of mites frequently appears in opthalmologic consultations. Patients present blepharitis with pruritus, burning sensation, irritation and eye pain, which are quickly relieved after diagnosis and mite treatment.1,4,14, 30, 31 All the patients who visited the ophthalmology office in the Chair of Ophthalmology at Hospital Nacional de Clinicas, School of Medicine, National University of Cordoba, Argentina, were included in this research. The objective was to determine the presence of this mite in opthalmologic consultation when blepharitis was diagnosed, and secondly, define what type of symptoms and signs appear with this condition. The total number of patients seen in the 243 working days of the year 2012 were 48,600 (n=48,600). Half of these patients (n=24,300) were diagnosed with blepharitis; in 30% of the cases (n=7230), blepharitis was due to the mite. From this, we conclude that 15% of the patients consulted because of blepharitis caused by Demodex folliculorum. In our experience mite infection is always associated with blepharitis. Other authors, 7,16,19 have pointed to the presence of mites without symptoms. Blepharitis is defined as eyelid inflammation and we could determine that 100% of these patients presented eye pruritus, 60% dry eye sensation, 50% tearing, 40% burning, 30% eye pain, 30% discharges and 20 % blurred vision. This condition becomes chronic and in occasions it may cause loss of eyelashes. In most cases, patients take a long time before seeing a doctor because of this condition. It is surprising to see this kind of mites moving around eyelashes. This study exposes the high prevalence of mite blepharitis taking into account an important sample of opthalmologic consultations and tries to statistically contextualize the condition and inform medical professionals about these results. Finally, blepharitis due to Demodex folliculorum is an underestimated pathology which should be appropriately recognized in general medical practice.


Objective: High blood pressure and low carotid flow are positively associated with acute cerebrovascular disease risk, such as stroke. However, the determinants of white matter hyper-intensity (WMHI) and its association with blood pressure and carotid flow remains unclear. The present study was conducted to investigate the determinants of WMHI in a general population and its associations with carotid flow and blood pressure. Figure. No caption available. Design and method: A total 991 adults (>=50 yrs) from a community-based study, the I-Lan Longitudinal Aging Study, were evaluated for this study. Flow velocities at common and internal carotid artery (CCA and ICA), including peak systolic velocity (PSV) and end diastolic velocity (EDV), were measured by Doppler ultrasound. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) were measured by an automatic oscillometric device. WMHI was measured by brain magnetic resonance imaging. General linear regression was used to evaluate the association between carotid flow, blood pressure, and WMHI. Results: The mean and median of WMHI were 2.20 and 0.857 cm3. SBP (r = 0.30), DBP (r = 0.21), CCA PSV (r = −0.21) and EDV (r = −0.38), and ICA PSV (r = −0.21) and EDV (−0.32) were significantly associated with log-WMHI (all p-values < 0.0001). In the multivariable linear regression model, age, SBP, CCA EDV, fasting blood sugar, and homocystein were independent predictors of WMHI. The WMHI in adults with SBP < 120, 120–129, 130–139, 140–159, and >  = 160 were 1.30, 2.07, 2.28, 3.18 and 4.04 (cm3), respectively (p-value for trend < 0.001), and in adults with EDV < 16, 16–21 and >  = 22 (cm/sec) were 4.58, 2.05, 0.98 (cm3), respectively (p-value for trend < 0.01). The positive association of systolic BP and negative association of EDV with WMHI remained significant in the model with controlling for age, gender, glucose, lipids, inflammatory status, drinking and smoking. The adults with SBP >  = 160 mmHg plus EDV < 16 cm/sec had higher WMH volume (adjusted mean = 3.21 cm3, p-value < 0.001), compared to those with SBP < 120 plus EDV >  = 22 cm/sec. Conclusions: High SBP and low CCA EDV were independently associated with white matter hyperinetnsity volume. Higher blood pressure and carotid flow may play an important role in the development of white matter hyperintensity volume.


Introduction: prenatal care comprises a set of care aimed at preserving the health of pregnant women and the fetus, intervening at an early stage in risk situations. The SISPRENATAL was created to oversee the actions scheduled for PHPN and facilitate the transfer of funds. However, the high rates of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality are still a challenge to public health. Objective: To investigate, in national literature, the use of SISPRENATAL in assessing the health care of pregnant women in the Family Health Strategy. Method: integrative systematic, which seeks to answer > The search was conducted in the databases SciELO, LILACS and BDENF, using the descriptors: women's health, information systems, prenatal care and the key word SISPRENATAL. For the analysis of the articles sought to the units of meaning that make up the corpus of 10 selected articles. Results: highlight was the publication of a small number of studies, however, consider all the SISPRENATAL an important health information tool. Conclusion: SISPRENATAL has many weaknesses in their use, which must be overcome to ensure improvements in the quality of maternal and perinatal care.


Generally the magnetic steel sheet was used for the stator core material of the motor so far. In recent years, Soft Magnetic Composite (SMC) attracts attention as a material replaced with the magnetic steel sheet. Magnetic property depends for SMC on fabrication density. The fabrication density of SMC goes up by improvement in manufacture technology, and it is becoming close to the magnetic property of the magnetic steel sheet. In this paper, the influence which it has on the motor property of the fabrication density of SMC is discussed. Property comparison by Ring Test Piece and a motor was done about the fabrication density of 7.5g/cm3, 7.7g/cm3 SMC, and the magnetic steel sheet. When it was 7.7g/cm3 in fabrication density as a result, it was shown that it is in a practical use level as a motor core.


During oxidation of methane with N 2 O over vanadium oxide catalysts obtained by molecular stratification on Aerosil the selectivity with respect to formaldehyde decreases, that with respect to CO 2 increases, and with respect to CO passes through a maximum as the vanadium content of the catalyst increases. An analogous picture is seen when varying the P N2O /P CH4 ratio. A reaction mechanism is proposed that makes it possible to explain the functions found


The metasurfaces concept allows developing and advancing the methods to control the near electromagnetic field pattern in almost arbitrary ways. This property, among other things, is making them an essential platform for useful applications, for example, to improve magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics through local enhancement of the transmit efficiency as well as the increase in the sensitivity of the radio frequency coils. In this letter, we investigate a compact metasurface-based resonator formed as an array of parallel copper wires with capacitive loads printed on the low-loss dielectric substrate. We demonstrate how to tailor the spectral characteristics of the metasurface eigenmode as well as to control precisely the homogeneity of the near-field pattern by changing the effective capacitance of the structure. We experimentally verify that by tuning the metasurface characteristics, it is possible to decrease the excitation power needed to provide the optimal transmit efficiency of the body coil, thus making the MRI procedure safer. Our approach offers a practical method to control the electromagnetic near-field pattern and has potential in various applications, such as MRI and wireless power transfer.The metasurfaces concept allows developing and advancing the methods to control the near electromagnetic field pattern in almost arbitrary ways. This property, among other things, is making them an essential platform for useful applications, for example, to improve magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics through local enhancement of the transmit efficiency as well as the increase in the sensitivity of the radio frequency coils. In this letter, we investigate a compact metasurface-based resonator formed as an array of parallel copper wires with capacitive loads printed on the low-loss dielectric substrate. We demonstrate how to tailor the spectral characteristics of the metasurface eigenmode as well as to control precisely the homogeneity of the near-field pattern by changing the effective capacitance of the structure. We experimentally verify that by tuning the metasurface characteristics, it is possible to decrease the excitation power needed to provide the optimal transmit efficiency of the bod...


Elevation of arterial concentration of free fatty acids (FFA) from an average of 450 to 3000 (δmo1/1, induced by intravenous (i. v.) infusion of a fat emulsion after heparinization, raised local metabolic rate in the left ventricular wall by an average of 18% (p > 0.025), without changes in heart rate, left ventricular systolic and end-diastolic pressures, or maximum rate of rise of left ventricular pressure (dP/dt). I. v. infusion of isoproterenol (2–3 δg/min) increased local metabolic rate by an average of 82% (p > 0.02) with a concomitant increase in arterial FFA concentration from an average of 450 to 1800 δmol/1. 0.02), despite the fact that myocardial performance was not influenced by nicotinic acid. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that myocardial FFA metabolism plays a significant role in stimulating the oxygen demand of the heart.


The service quality of the sales department as a branch of the travel service makes up the service quality of the travel service.Customers' first impression of the service quality is from the sales department since they contact the travel service by the sales department for the first time,which has a direct effect on their choice of the travel service.To get more customers,the travel services lay more and more emphasis on the service of the sales departments.


Background Management of complex open fractures of the lower extremities needs a special multidisciplinary team in major trauma centers. Limb salvage is attempted in appropriately selected patients via joint orthopedic and plastic surgery care. Recent guidance shows strong evidence of better long-term functional outcomes and decrease of complications when coordinated combined orthoplastic approach can be successfully delivered. Patients and methods A total of 52 patients were included in this retrospective comparative study of the outcomes from two approaches, managed either by single-team approach, plastic or orthopedic (group A), or by orthoplastic setting (group B), in Zagazig University Hospitals between August 2016 and July 2020. All data were collected from the patient records. Follow-up outcomes involved fracture union, weight bearing, persistent deep infection, and secondary amputations. Results The most encountered injury pattern in both groups was Gustilo IIIb. The majority of those injuries were sustained owing to road traffic accidents in both groups. The mean bone loss was 2.05±2.3 cm in group A and 2.06±2.2 cm in group B. There was a statistically significant difference between the mean time to initial debridement, where in group B, it was 8±2.04 h, whereas in group A, it was 10.7±4.2 h (P=0.05). The time to definitive fixation showed a highly significant difference from 9.8±2.9 weeks in group A to 4.4±0.8 weeks in group B. The relative risk for flap loss showed significant reduction in group B (P=0.021). Conclusion Overall outcomes showed obvious improvement with less complication rate of the combined orthoplastic approach over the previous single-team speciality. Nonetheless, certain complications like nonunion and need for secondary amputation did not show quite a significant difference, which may indicate that our early experience with orthoplastic approach for the management of open tibia fracture is in need for further audit and refinements to take place.


Each unit consists of three Riley double ended ball tube mills supplying 24 dual register burners arranged in a front and rear wall fired configuration. In order to meet the tightening of emissions standards, the plant has installed air pollution control devices such as low NOx burners, selective catalytic reduction systems (SCRs), Reverse Gas Fabric Filter Baghouses, Wet Flue Gas Desulphurization (WFGD) System and Activated Carbon Injection (ACI).


Objective: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are advised to limit salt intake, because of its detrimental effects on blood pressure (BP) and albuminuria. The salt-sensitive BP response in CKD is classically attributed to impaired renal ability to excrete sodium (Na+) resulting in fluid overload. Yet, BP sensitivity to salt is also linked to vasodysfuction, and may even be fluid independent. We aimed to investigate which factor contributes to BP sensitivity to salt in CKD. Design and method: In this randomized crossover study, CKD patients (KDIGO stage G2-3A, proteinuria >0.5 g/d) and healthy controls (HC) followed a 7-day low sodium diet (LSD, <50mmol/d) and high sodium diet (HSD, >200mmol/d), respectively. After each diet, assessment of the hemodynamic profile included daytime BP (Mobil-O-Graph) and cardiac output (CO) measurements (using NexfinTM), by which SVR was calculated accordingly. Extracellular fluid volume (ECV) change was assessed with multi-frequency body impedance spectroscopy (FHCresenius). Results: We included 16 HC (median age 36.0 yrs) and 8 CKD patients (median age 49.5 yrs, and median (IQR) proteinuria 0.6 (0.5-1.1) g/d and plasma creatinine 144 (103 - 167) μmol/l. Dietary salt intervention was successful with median difference in urine Na+ excretion of 242.2 vs 224.6 mmol/day in HC and CKD respectively (p = 0.74). After HSD, the median (IQR) change in systolic BP of patients with CKD was 14 mmHg (4 - 18; p = 0.04), while systolic BP change (4 mmHg (-3 - 8)) in HC was not significant (Fig 1A). After HSD, we observed a significant ECV expansion in both CKD and HC subjects (Fig 1B), but no effect on CO. No associations between HSD-induced BP changes and both ECV and CO were found. Systolic BP increase was correlated with SVR decline in HC, but not in CKD patients (Fig 1C). Conclusions: In contrast to healthy persons, BP salt sensitivity in CKD does not associate with vasodilation. Regarding the absence of differences with ECV and CO between healthy and CKD persons, our data indicate that the incapacity for vasodilation might explain salt sensitivity in CKD.


The effect of the addition of copper, silver and gold on age-hardening, total elongation and fracture morphology of Al–Mg–Si alloys was investigated by hardness measurement, tensile test, observation of fracture surface by scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The addition of copper for the base and excess Si alloys increased the peak hardness of alloys, while the addition of silver or gold did not show any modification of peak hardness. The total elongation of alloys bearing copper, silver or gold was improved, when the tensile test was performed for peak aged alloys. Fracture surfaces of alloys bearing copper, silve or gold included the region of transgranular fracture, while those of alloys without additional elements were mainly intergranular fracture. Surface relief and fine slip bands were observed on fractured samples of alloys bearing additional elements. Mean width of precipitate free zones (PFZ) in alloys bearing additional elements was narrower than that without additional elements. According to results of this work, it is considered that additional elements of Cu, Ag and Au improve total elongation of peak-aged Al–Mg–Si alloy because prior deformation around grain boundaries during tensile deformation was controlled by the formation of narrower PFZ than alloys without these elements.


The photopyroelectric method was used for measuring the thermal parameters of starch sheets as a function of water content and temperature. The thermal conductivity, thermal effusivity and volume specific heat are increasing with water content while the thermal diffusivity remains almost constant. The temperature behavior of the thermal parameters in the −15÷70 °C temperature range was measured for samples with different water contents. No phase transition was observed at 0 °C, which proves either that water is bound in the starch matrix, or the fact that water has dissolved other particles that shifted the melting point to a lower temperature.


This poster, produced by the Texas Prevention Partnership in 1991, contributed to a campaign against inhalant misuse. During the project, which ran …


Elaeagia Wedd., a genus of some 16 species belonging to the tribe Rondeletieae, is centered in South America with a single species known from Cuba. Two additional species occur in Central America, one of which, E. nitidifolia Dwyer, is known only from Panama. The other, E. auriculata Hemsl., extends as far north as Guatemala (Standley & Williams , 1975; Dwyer, 1980). Most members are large trees, some attaining 35 meters, although the Cuban species is said to be shrubby (Standley, 1921). All known species occur in montane forest at altitudes of 800 to 2 800 meters. Consequently, it was surprising to see material, apparently representing an undescribed species, from lowland tropical rain forest in SE Oaxaca and adjacent Veracruz in Mexico. However, Dr. Tom Wendt's collecting efforts towards a woody flora of the Uxpanapa Zone have yielded a number of range extensions for taxa previously known only from Central America or Chiapas. Significantly, this region lies at the northern limits of the area to be included in Flora Mesoamericana. An additional collection is known from montane forest at 1 100 m in northern Chiapas, a habitat more typical for the genus .


Developmental strategy of the education within the Islamic Union Organization (Persis) in the three sites at the district of Sumedanghas its own dynamics in terms of its implementation and management. The formulation of vision, mission, and goal refers to educational ideological values of the organization, National Education Goal and Sumedang society need. The program to develop the schools covers the followings: strengthening learning processusing completeinfrastructure and effective working performance, and developing the schools based on working patterns ofteam work and networking. The indicators of successful development can be identified from two major aspects: 1) process that cover procedures and working cultures, 2) product that covers the effectiveness of successful implementationand the efforts to develop the schools. The schools gradually change from exclusive, traditional and fanatic schools to inclusive, modern, and more pluralistic ones.


A distributed communication and control architecture supporting autonomous cooperation between agents (swarming) creates valuable group behaviors for large numbers of robotic vehicles. Scalable, open communication within a multitude of vehicles is the essential enabler for implementing swarming. Rapidly repeated, short-range broadcasts of small information packets that include each vehicle's local information, as well as a relayed message carrying group information, is sufficient to operate swarm algorithms distributed on each vehicle that result in coherent behavior by the whole group. The self-organization of such algorithms, where vehicles autonomously manage among themselves at the individual level, simplifies the management of the inherently complex multi-vehicle system and enables adaptable swarm operations even where much of the swarm is beyond direct contact with an operator.


This study aims to test market power theories and their role in explaining the performance of Islamic banks in the Middle East and North Africa MENA countries, based on data from 47 Islamic banks for the period 2017–18 by using standard forms. The study revealed that market power theories were unable to explain the returns of MENA Islamic banks. Therefore, these results deny the effect of either monopoly in the Islamic banking sector structure or traditional efficiency on this sector's performance. This sector is characterised by high competitiveness and market share dispersion. The future research should investigate the role of economic efficiency theories in explaining the returns of Islamic banking industry in the MENA.


This study explores the relationship between computer anxiety levels among undergraduate business students with different Jungian personality types, and their performance in computer courses. Compu...


i~ ..L2l.i- and t I. I respectively. The highest prevalence of pre-obese and obese men is found in the age g~oups of 30.0---+9,9 year\. while that for women is in the 40.Q.-.49.9 years age group. The prevalence of pre-obesity and obesity is higher In women than in men for every age: group. A similar result was indicated by WHR whereby a higrler propornon of women (22.59(;) than men (So/c) for all ages was found to show central obesity. Tile prevalence of o\emeight adults is higher when compared with previolls studies on subjects from almost qmliar rur;)1 communities. This study indicated th'it overweight is on the increase In rural communIties. especially among female subjeCts,


The aim of the presented project was comparison of two Fe:ZnSe lasers based on Fe:ZnSe bulk active crystals grown by two different methods - Bridgman and floating zone. For pumping the Q-switched Er:YAG laser generating 15 mJ and 300 ns giant pulses was used. The highest Fe:ZnSe laser generated output energy was 1.2 - 1.3 mJ for both investigated crystals, the pulse duration was 150 - 200 ns. The Fe:ZnSe laser threshold was reached at absorbed pumping energy of ~ 1 mJ. Tuning properties using intracavity CaF2 prism were also investigated and tuning range ~ 4 - 5 μm was observed for both crystals.


Cognitive examination of older adults is important due to the risk for age-related cognitive disorders. Demand for efficient tools has resulted in multiscale measures such as the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination (NCSE). Advantages of the NCSE include high sensitivity, test tolerability, a relatively detailed memory assessment, and inclusion of multiple ability areas. We explored the utility of the NCSE in identifying cognitive impairment and/or dementia. Geropsychiatric outpatients completed the NCSE as part of a comprehensive evaluation. The NCSE proved effective at discriminating the presence or absence of any cognitive disorder. However, the NCSE showed limited clinical utility in identifying etiologies of dysfunction.


Information has been to a seat for optically recording and / or optical tape and the optical tape cassette to cassette accommodated in a cassette player can play start to perform recording and reproducing operations of information on the optical tape. The disclosed optical tape cassette is mounted to the drum for rotation in the housing and the drum in the sense of an optical tape, two tape reels are accommodated are each rotatably the optical tape between the wound disclosed cassette with light spirit to the outer peripheral surface of the drum player there by the driving means is a drum and the tape reel are able to rotate respectively. Disclosed cassette player electricity by detecting the light beam for projecting a light beam on the optical tape wound around the outer peripheral surface of the drum, and reflected therefrom at an outside of the drum and the tape drive means and the housing reel by the connection, each having two rotatable member to rotate It includes an optical pipeop for outputting a signal. Suitable for processing the disclosed optical tape cassette and a cassette player with great information, and will also be put into practical use as a work, as well as general household of an information processing apparatus, particularly an optical tape.


The technical processes of navigation are much the same in all craft, but there are certain requirements and problems which are peculiar to ocean racing. Compared with big ship navigation, the principal differences are: (1) The ship's speed is irregular and is not always exactly known; it is also much lower so that the tidal streams and other sets play a much more important role. (2) The course steered is often a constantly varying one, particularly when the vessel is on the wind, or before the wind. (3) Leeway is a far larger factor. (4) The violence of the motion and the lack of space greatly increase the difficulty of plotting and calculating. (5) The methods of fixing the ship are generally less exact and less readily available.


The axial LCF experiments at room temperature in air on solid circular specimens of 40CrNiMoA are performed, using the CSS-280 electric-hydraulic servo-controlled fatigue testing machine. Fatigue parameters of the material including cyclic stress-strain parameters and strain-life parameters are given in this paper.These data supply a gap in the field in our country.


Runoff from the Waitaki catchment is relied upon for hydroelectricity generation and long-term water storage. The Waitaki catchment holds some of the country's largest glaciers. Ice melt contributes to runoff, along with snow melt and rainfall. Understanding the implications of climate change and glacier retreat on downstream hydrology is important for long-term water resource planning. Using an enhanced temperature index model coupled with an ice flow model, glacier mass balance within the Waitaki was projected through the 21st century for four future climate scenarios based on CMIP5.
Glacier volume in the Waitaki catchment is projected to decrease over the 21st century for all future climate scenarios by up to 86%. Average ablation is projected to begin earlier in spring and continue later into autumn by the end of the century. Conversely, average accumulation is projected to start later in autumn and end earlier in spring. These shifts become more pronounced with increasing severity of climate change scenarios. The largest increases in average rainfall and ablation are projected to occur in the winter and spring months when runoff is typically at its lowest, as a result of warmer winter temperatures.
Maximum ice melt contributions to runoff, known as peak water, are projected to occur before 2040 in the Waitaki catchment for all future climate scenarios. Before peak water is reached, increases in total ablation may mitigate the frequency and magnitude of low flow events during dry periods, but may also increase flood risks in and around the summer season when rainfall is high. Once peak water passes and ice melt contributions to runoff decrease, extreme low flow events may be more of a concern during dry periods with reduced rainfall.


AbstractThe spatial and temporal distribution of stable and convectively neutral air masses is examined in climate simulations with carbon dioxide levels spanning from modern-day values to very high levels that produce surface temperatures relevant to the hottest climate of the past 65 million years. To investigate how stability with respect to slantwise and upright moist convection changes across a wide range of climate states, the condition of moist convective neutrality in climate experiments is assessed using metrics based upon the saturation of potential vorticity, which is zero when temperature profiles are moist adiabatic profiles along vortex lines. The modern climate experiment reproduces previously reported properties from reanalysis data, in which convectively neutral air masses are common in the tropics and locally at higher latitudes, especially over midlatitude continents in summer and ocean storm tracks in winter. The frequency and coverage of air masses with higher stabilities declines in ...


868 NOTICES OF THE AMS VOLUME 46, NUMBER 8 I n his pivotal 1916 paper [P], Georg Pick begins somewhat provocatively with the phrase, "The so-called Schwarz Lemma says...", followed by a reference to a 1912 paper of Carathéodory. Pursuing that lead, one finds a reference to the original source in the expanded notes from a lecture course at the Eidgenössische Polytechnische Schule in Zürich given by Hermann Amandus Schwarz during 1869–70 ([S], 108–132). The lecture notes start by stating the Riemann Mapping Theorem from Riemann's doctoral dissertation of 1851 and noting that Riemann's argument did not provide a fully rigorous proof. The goal of the lecture course is to provide the first complete proof for a general class of domains. The Riemann mapping theorem states that any simply connected plane domain other than the entire plane can be mapped one-to-one and conformally onto the interior of the unit circle. (The plane domains considered at the time appear to have been domains bounded by a simple closed curve.) The lecture notes prove the theorem for domains bounded by a closed convex curve. Schwarz's proof is based on his earlier work on domains bounded by polygons and what is now known as the Schwarz-Christoffel formula. Schwarz's paper ([S], 65–83) appeared in 1869. In it he notes that back in 1863–64, when he attended a course by Weierstrass on the theory of analytic functions, he did not know of a single special case of a plane figure given in advance for which one could establish a conformal mapping onto the unit disk. He decides to start with the simplest case of a square. (It is in that context that he proves his famous "reflection principle" for analytic functions.) He goes on to give a general formula, noting that Christoffel developed it independently. He credits Weierstrass for filling in the details of showing that the arbitrary constants involved in the integral expression can be chosen to give the desired mapping for a polygon of any number of sides, whereas Schwarz himself had succeeded for just four sides. Once in possession of a mapping for polygons, Schwarz proceeds to approximate an arbitrary convex domain by domains bounded by polygons and to show that the corresponding mappings converge to a limit mapping with the desired properties. This proof has long been forgotten, since the result was superseded by more general results, leading eventually to a proof of the full theorem. However, the first step in his argument for convex domains is precisely the statement and proof of an early version of what eventually became known as the "Schwarz Lemma".


Serious sampling and integrated analysis were carried out in the production of pipe steel with LF-VD, RH-LF and LF-RH refining processes. It is shown that high grade pipe steel can be produced with the three refining processes, but the purity and cleanness of the steel produced with LF-RH process are higher; the functions of different refining instruments are distinct, but they are affected effected by up and down working procedures because of the conjunction and restriction of the quantity and composition of refining slag and other factors.


To support the next wave of human exploration, the Lunar Flashlight mission will look for potential ice hidden at the Moon's South Pole.


A representation of mixture power system based on a photovoltaic, airstream system, a battery bank, and a DC motor-pump is established in this work. The major purpose is to get together the power load requirements through successful employment of the batteries. In this employment, recognition and reproduction of a hybrid solar, wind and storage battery power system is offered. This procedure likewise incorporates a battery stockpiling DC source convert to air conditioning supply to stack through an inverter. The proposed control approach has been embedded by recreation under the equivalent metrological conditions, demonstrating the adequacy of the proposed half and half framework. Reenactment results gotten by MATLAB/SIMULINK programming are displayed.


Terrestrial ecosystems play an important role in the global carbon (C) cycle. Tropical forests in Southeast Asia are constantly changing as a result of harvesting and conversion to other land cover. As a result of these changes, research on C budgets of forest ecosystems has intensi- fied in the region over the last few years. This paper reviews and synthesizes the available infor- mation. Natural forests in SE Asia typically contain a high C density (up to 500 Mg/ha). Logging activities are responsible for at least 50% decline in forest C density. Complete deforestation (conversion from forest to grassland or annual crops) results in C density of less than 40 Mg/ha. Conversion to tree plantations and other woody perennial crops also reduces C density to less than 50% of the original C forest stocks. While much information has been generated recently, there are still large gaps of information on C budgets of tropical forests and its conversion to other land uses in SE Asia. There is therefore a need to intensify research in this area.


A distinction can be made between map and attribute data structures. Map data structures are different because they store information about location, scale, dimension, and other geographic properties. Attribute data structures may be linked to the data structures for cartographic objects, but they contain attribute information about the objects, or links between the objects only. In this chapter, we consider only the data structures dealing explicitly with locative information. In Chapter 9, we focus on attribute data structures. Map data structures are particularly cartographic and have been developed by cartographers and others to deal with computer and analytical needs and for use in GISs. Attribute data structures can also be called data models and are used to organize text or numerical data as well as cartographic data. Also essential are how these two types of data structures are related to each other, and how data can be transformed between structures. This theme is the topic of Chapter 12. In the early days of computer cartography, the data sets that went along with carto-graphic software contained the minimum amount of information necessary to produce the desired map and as such used data structures that were nonanalytic, device specific, and as a result short-lived. These data structures, which have become known as entity-by-entity , or " cartographic spaghetti, " structures remain in circulation and for many purposes still serve the needs for which they were intended. Early on, however, attention became focused on the potential power of topologically encoded cartographic data. A group at Harvard University, at the time producing the ODYSSEY package, sponsored a conference on topological data structures that became a milestone in the acceptance of the need for topological encoding (Dutton, 1979). These topological structures have become the data structures for a large number of data sets such as DLG, GIRAS, and TIGER, and they form the core of a majority of the systems for the display and analysis of cartographic data.


As originally drafted, the 1951 Convention contained a temporal and potential geographical limitation - refugeehood had to arise due to events before 1 January 1951 and States could limit their obligations to events occurring in Europe. Within a few years of the Convention coming into force, questions were raised as to whether certain displacements had generated Convention refugees. In the end, the 1967 Protocol addressed the two limitations, but the question addressed here is whether, on the basis of the evidence of State practice, there was any real need. © Oxford University Press 2004; all rights reserved.


Recently, the production control problem in stochastic manufacturing systems has generated a great deal of interest. The goal is to obtain production rates to minimize total expected surplus and production cost. This paper reviews the research devoted to minimum average cost production planning problems in stochastic manufacturing systems. Manufacturing systems involve a single or parallel failure-prone machines producing a number of different products, random production capacity, and constant demands.


Novel oxovanadium(IV)–bisoxazoline catalysts, such as vanadyl sulfate (VOSO4)–(R)-2,2′-isopropylidenebis(4-phenyl-2-oxazoline) [(R)Phbox], for the asymmetric oxidative coupling polymerization (AOCP) of 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene were developed. For example, the AOCP with VOSO4–(R)Phbox in CH2Cl2–MeOH [7/1 (v/v)] at room temperature for 24 h under an O2 atmosphere, followed by acetylation of the hydroxyl groups, afforded a polymer in a 58% yield with a specific rotation of [α]D = −147. The enantioselectivity during the polymerization was estimated to be 80% enantiomeric excess (S), a value much higher than that observed for the polymerizations with the copper(I)-based catalyst systems and the typical oxovanadium(IV) catalysts reported for the asymmetric oxidative coupling producing the 1,1′-bi-2-naphthol derivatives. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 5872–5878, 2005


Every chapter includes "Chapter Outline," "Focus Questions," "Introduction," "Summary," "Key Terms and Concepts," "Tips for Teachers," "Research Brief," "Tech Talk," "Making a Difference: The 60-Second Lesson," "Think and Apply," and "Read More About It." 1. Special Education and Inclusive Schooling. IDEA and the Vocational Rehabilitation Act. Responsibilities of Classroom Teachers. Role of Collaboration in Meeting Students' Special Needs. Inclusion. 2. Teaching Students with Learning Disabilities or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Learning Disabilities. Definitions and Types of Learning Disabilities. Characteristics of Students with Learning Disabilities. Prevalence of Learning Disabilities. Identification and Assessment of Students with Learning Disabilities. Instructional Techniques and Accommodations with Students with Learning Disabilities. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Definitions and Types of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Characteristics of Students with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Identification and Assessment of Students with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Instructional Guidelines and Accommodations for Students with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. 3. Teaching Students with Communication Disorders and with Pervasive Developmental Disorders. Communication Disorders. Prevalence of Communication Disorders. Identification and Assessment of Students with Communication Disorders. Instructional Guidelines and Accommodations for Students with Communication Disorders. Pervasive Developmental Disorders. Prevalence of Pervasive Developmental Disorders. Identification and Assessment of Students with Pervasive Developmental Disorders. Instructional Guidelines and Accommodations for Students with Pervasive Developmental Disorders. Addressing Challenging Behaviors. 4. Teaching Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders. Definitions of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders. Prevalence of Students with Emotional or Behavioral Disorders. Types and Characteristics Emotional or Behavioral Disorders. Causes of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders. Identification and Assessment of Students with Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders. Teaching Guidelines and Accommodations for Students with Emotional or Behavioral Disorders. 5. Teaching Students with Mental Retardation and Severe Disabilities. Definition and Types of Mental Retardation and Severe Disabilities. Prevention of Mental Retardation. Prevalence of Mental Retardation and Severe Disabilities. Characteristics of Students with Mental Retardation and Severe Disabilities. Identification and Assessment of Students with Mental Retardation and Severe Disabilities. Instructional Guidelines and Accommodations for Teaching Students with Mental Retardation and Severe Disabilities. 6. Teaching Students with Visual Impairments, Hearing Loss, Physical Disabilities, Health Impairments, or Traumatic Brain Injury. Students with Visual Impairments. Definition and Types of Visual Impairments. Characteristics of Students with Visual Impairments. Prevalence of Visual Impairments. Identification and Assessment of Students with Visual Impairments. Instructional Guidelines and Accommodations for Students with Visual Impairments. Students with Hearing Loss. Definition and Types of Hearing Loss. Characteristics of Students with Hearing Loss. Prevalence of Hearing Loss. Identification and Assessment of Students with Hearing Loss. Instructional Guidelines and Accommodations for Students with Hearing Loss. Students with Physical Disabilities and Health Impairments. Definition and Types of Physical Disabilities and Health Impairments. Prevalence of Physical Disabilities and Health Impairments. Characteristics of Students with Physical Disabilities and Health Impairments. Identification and Assessment of Students with Physical Disabilities and Health Impairments. Instructional Guidelines and Accommodations for Students with Physical Disabilities and Health Impairments. 7. Planning and Grouping Strategies for Special Learners. Model of the Planning Process. Long-Term Planning. Unit Planning. Lesson Planning. An Overview of Instructional Grouping. Grouping Patterns. 8. Managing Student Behavior. Basic Principles of Managing Student Behavior. Establishing the Classroom Climate. Practices for Providing Positive Behavioral Support. Enhancing Students' Self-Concepts. Teaching Social and Self-Management Skills. 9. Collaborating and Coordinating with Other Professionals and Family Members. Consultation and Collaboration. Cooperative Teaching. Critical Communication Skills. Working with Parents. 10. Teaching Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Students. Diversity in Classrooms and Schools. Multicultural Education. Linguistic Diversity and Second Language Acquisition. Instructional Guidelines and Accommodations for Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Students. 11. Accommodating for Other Special Needs: Students At Risk and Students with Special Talents. Defining Students At Risk. Conditions That Place Students At Risk. Prevalence of Students At Risk. Identifying Students At Risk. Programs for Students At Risk. Defining Giftedness. Characteristics of Students Who Are Gifted and Talented. Prevalence of Giftedness. Identifying Students Who Are Gifted and Talented. Programs for Students Who Are Gifted and Talented. Instructional Guidelines and Accommodations. 12. Teaching All Students to Succeed in Reading. Current Trends in Reading Programs. Effective Reading Instruction for Struggling Readers. Strategies for Helping All Students with Phonological Awareness, Letter-Sound Correspondence, and the Alphabet Principle. Strategies for Teaching Word Identification. Strategies for Helping All Students Develop Fluency. Strategies for Helping All Students Improve Reading Comprehension. 13. Teaching All Students to Succeed in Writing. Current Trends in Writing Curriculum and Instruction. Teaching Writing as a Process. Strategies for Establishing an Environment That Promotes Writing. Strategies for Conducting a Writing Workshop. Strategies for Teaching Narrative Writing. Strategies for Teaching Expository Writing. Strategies for Helping All Students Acquire Spelling Skills. Strategies for Helping All Students Develop Handwriting Skills. 14. Teaching All Students to Succeed in Mathematics. Current Trends in Mathematics Curriculum and Instruction. Difficulties in Learning Mathematics. Effective Math Instruction for All Learners. Strategies for Helping All Students Acquire Basic Math Skills. Strategies for Helping All Learners Acquire and Use Computation Skills. Strategies for Helping All Students Develop Problem Solving Skills. 15. Teaching All Students to Succeed in the Content Areas Critical Issues in Content Area Instruction. Learning Difficulties in the Content Areas. Effective Content Area Instruction for All Learners. Effective Content Area Reading Instruction for All Learners. Effective Content Area Assignments, Homework, and Tests for All Learners. Planning Interdisciplinary Thematic Units. Glossary. Index.


The aim of the study was to examine how Registered Nurses perceive ethical problems within healthcare and enlighten the ongoing discussions concerning them. Five Registered Nurses at a surgical ward were interviewed in order to perform an empirical study. A literature review was also done where five articles were analysed. The findings show that the patients autonomy, personal sphere and rights, summoned as the 'patient's best', are always in focus for healthcare ethics. Problems arising in connection are highly complex. In order to prevent and uphold good ethics the informants in both studies held good communication as a key factor. Furthermore the findings show that there is confusion and inconsequences about the concept of ethics. Healthcare professionals held very diverse views on what an ethical dilemma is. It is argued that this could lead to more difficulties than may be necessary and calls for healthcare professionals and the organisation they work within to keep an ongoing discussion concerning those problems. (Less)


The intensity distribution of the homochromatic planewave Fresnel diffraction of the limited-size Ronchi grating was deduced based on the transfer function theory.The simulation results show that the generation of the Talbot image of Ronchi grating is influenced by the grating size.Moreover,the grating size should be large enough to achieve the Talbot image in a certain distance and the grating size is determined by the diffraction distance,the size of the observing field and the grating period.In order to get the Talbot image,the x-direction size of the grating should increase markedly when the diffraction distance does.The deviation between the grating and the observing screen in the Talbot distance makes the diffraction image depart from the Talbot image.And this influence will be reduced with the decrease of the grating period.


Tonal cues play an important role in distinguishing ambiguous words in Mandarin speech recognition. This paper explores an innovative tone modeling framework using prosodic and lexical features, as well as syllable context information. A discriminative model, namely a Conditional Random Field (CRF), is adopted, which is sufficiently flexible to handle multiple interacting features and long-range dependencies of observations. After the first pass search of a recognition system, the CRF based tone models are employed to rerank N-best hypotheses according to the tonal scores which can represent the correctness of the tone sequence given each candidate hypothesis and the observed speech signal. Experiments results show that the tonal cues help to achieve 7.8% and 8.6% relative reductions of character error rate on two widely used Mandarin speech recognition tasks, Hub-4 test and 863 test.


Background Stroke is a frequently encountered clinical event that has a detrimental impact on the quality of life. Evidence has increasingly shown that statins can substantially reduce the risk of coronary heart disease. However, it remains to be determined whether statins are definitively effective in preventing stroke. Methods We systematically searched the PubMed, Embase, and Central databases for studies that compared the effects of statins and placebo in patients at high risk for stroke. The outcome measures were overall incidence of stroke, incidence of fatal stroke, and incidence of hemorrhagic stroke. Results Eighteen randomized controlled trials satisfied all the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. The analysis revealed that statins reduced the overall incidence of stroke than placebo (odds ratio [OR]: 0.80; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.74–0.87; P<0.00001). In particular, statins showed efficacy in reducing the incidence of fatal stroke (OR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.67–1.21; P = 0.47) and hemorrhagic stroke (OR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.60–1.25; P = 0.45). On the contrary, they were found to increase the overall incidence of stroke (OR: 1.12; 95% CI: 0.89–1.41; P = 0.32) and fatal stroke (OR: 1.37; 95% CI: 0.93–2.03; P = 0.11) in renal transplant recipients and patients undergoing regular hemodialysis. Conclusion The results of this analysis suggest that statins may be beneficial in reducing the overall incidence of stroke and they may decrease the risk of fatal stroke and hemorrhagic stroke. However, statins should be used with caution in patients with a history of renal transplantation, regular hemodialysis, transient ischemic attack, or stroke. Further analyses should focus on multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trials with data stratification according to the nature of primary diseases and dose–effect relationship, to clarify the benefits of statins in protection against stroke.


This study is conducted to observe the effects of physically interactive dance games on the stress, depression and life satisfaction of full-time housewives. For this, housewives residing in the Seoul and Gyeonggi area with children less than seven years were chosen as research subjects and 14 were placed in the test group while 9 were placed in the control group. The data were treated with 2-way repeated ANOVA to observe the stress, depression and life satisfaction of housewives through physically interactive dance games. As a result, significant decrease effects were found in the stress and depression factors of the housewives who participated in the physically interactive dance games and positive effects were observed for life satisfaction. Discussions were conducted based on the results drawn from this study and it showed that physically interactive dance games relieved the stress and depression of housewives and increased their life satisfaction.


The program has the objectives of obtaining a better understanding of the radiation-induced n-channel SOS leakage problem and of examining the effects of processing variations on the radiation-induced leakage. Experiments were performed on devices from 6 processing lots--encompassing variations in silicon doping densities and techniques, device design, and device geometry. Experiments on devices having the sapphire thinned to approximately 3 mils and with a gate electrode on the sapphire demonstrated that the radiation-electrode n-channel leakage is due to inversion of the p-type silicon at the sapphire interface by positive charge trapped in the sapphire. This charge was found to saturate at a value of approximately 3 x 10 to the 11th power charges/sq cm, under conditions of +10 V drain bias during irradiation.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate surroundings for transfer film formation and removal, the effect of the transfer film formation on friction coefficients, the effect of four different abrasive components, ZrO2, ZrSiO4, Al2O3 and Fe3O4, on transfer film formation and the effect of lubricating component MoS2 on transfer film formation and friction coefficients.

Design/methodology/approach
Two different MoS2 contents of 5.5 and 8.5 per cent were added to friction materials with no MoS2 content, which have four different abrasive components, ZrO2, ZrSiO4, Al2O3, Fe3O4. Friction tests composed of three different stages were conducted for those materials, and the friction surfaces of the counterpart disks were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to access the formation of transfer film at each stage.

Findings
For the transfer film formation, high temperature was a prerequisite, but the magnitude of deceleration rate was not important. The effect of the transfer film formation was to reduce the friction coefficients for most friction materials. Friction coefficients of materials which contain lubricating component MoS2 were higher than those which contain no MoS2 for most friction materials. The effect of the lubricating component MoS2 was to suppress the formation of transfer film, thus resulting in increase in friction coefficients.

Research limitations/implications
The transfer film was rather thin, with thickness of 1-2 µm for most friction materials. That hindered the examination of mechanical properties of the transfer film, such as hardness.

Practical implications
This research explained the surroundings for transfer film formation, and its effect on friction coefficients. The research suggests to suppress the formation of transfer film to make friction materials with high friction coefficient, and the lubricating component MoS2 can be used for the purpose.

Social implications
Development of high-friction-brake materials conventionally depends on the use of strong abrasive components, which may induce attacking of counterpart disks. The enhancement of friction coefficients with addition of MoS2 content is expected to open a new prospect in development of high-performance friction materials, which can be applicable to brake pads for racing cars.

Originality/value
The study is in pursuit of the transfer film formation in successive friction stages, which revealed the conditions for transfer film generation and removal. Specimen preparation for SEM observation of cross section of friction surface was painstaking to not damage the developed friction surface. The study revealed the effect of different abrasive components on transfer film formation and the effect of lubrication contents of MoS2 on transfer film formation and friction coefficients.


In this paper,the polylatic acid(PLA) fiber was treated by supercritical carbon dioxide.The changes in melting point,adsorption of dyes,and degree of orientation of the treated fiber were discussed.As a result,higher melting point,lower degree of orientation,and less adsorption of dyes of the treated PLA fiber were observed,and these changes increased along with the increases of treating temperature,pressure and time.


We report calculations of the vibrational energies of CO–Cu(100) using a new code to perform vibrational self-consistent field (VSCF) and state-mixing calculations for many-mode systems. The major new feature of the code is the representation of the potential. Unlike recent implementations of the VSCF method, the potential is not expanded in terms of normal coordinates as a multinomial series about a minimum. The full potential, in normal coordinates, is used in the Watson Hamiltonian. This approach, while rigorous, can lead to prohibitively large numerical quadratures, and so we suggest a novel representation of the potential as an expansion in all two-mode, or all three-mode, or all four-mode coupling terms. The new code is tested against previous exact calculations of vibrational states of HCO, and also against previous VSCF calculations that used a fourth-order, normal coordinate force field representation of the global HCO potential. The new code is applied to calculations of the vibrations of CO ads...


Considering the common application of the 20m simply supported beam in modern urban rail transit, an integrative rail-bridge-pier finite element model is developed. The force imposed on the pier, abutment and rail are calculated in different conditions, including the bridge stretching, bending and braking. In addition, the displacement of pier top and the maximum rapid relative displacement between girder and track are also calculated. The results are shown as follows: in terms of multiple span simply supported beams, the most harmful bending mode is when the load distributes on two adjacent simply supported beams. According to the additional braking tension force, as well as the additional braking pressure and the rapid relative displacement between girder and track, the most harmful breaking mode can be confirmed respectively. In the paper, the minimum value of the longitudinal horizontal linear stiffness of 20m simply supported beam piers is 120 kN/cm (double-line).


The phenomenological tradition within human geography continues to inspire research on everyday city life. This paper draws on David Seamon's notion of place ballet to understand the meaning of encounters between older people visiting an urban park in the city of Eindhoven, the Netherlands. The paper uses participant observation, including a serial interviewing strategy in which older people are accompanied on their walks through the park, to expose daily walking routines. As part of these routines, characterised by clockwork precision, they meet fellow park visitors in place ballet. Place ballet is associated with recurring encounters between familiar strangers that are full of significance. Notably, it sustains an atmosphere of fellowship that encourages people to notice, and care for, each other. These findings support the view that the phenomenological perspective emphasises the meaningful and positive aspects of encounters between older people in public space, even if they do not necessarily interact.


The United States has again suffered tragic losses from gunfire within a school. As happened in Mississippi, Kentucky, Arkansas, Pennsylvania, and Oregon, the students and faculty of the Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado, became targets for young people carrying firearms, this time comprising an arsenal capable of killing 15 (including the assailants themselves) and wounding many more. The shooting on 20 April has been described as one of the deadliest school massacres in the nation's history. What are the options for preventing future massacres—in a nation that has steadfastly resisted the option adopted by other countries of severely restricting the ownership of guns?

Gunfire in the United States now claims 34 000 lives annually. The citizens' stockpile of guns is measured at about 200 million. In the aftermath of schoolhouse slayings we have become accustomed to the litany of suggestions for prevention. These include calls for less violence on television and in movies and video games, the strengthening of family values, involvement of churches, construction of recreational facilities, and early identification and counselling of troubled youths. Though reducing exposure to media violence and teaching children to behave non-violently may be valuable, they alone will not eliminate school shootings. There are …


1 Introduction The high integration densisty of millions of transistors per chip has forbidden a manual circuit design already for decades. But also electronic design automation encounters more and more difficulties in the fields of optimization or verification. Due to the inherent complexity of Boolean functions the algorithms related to these applications have potentially inacceptable high runtime respectively memory requirements. To make efficient circuit design still possible, algorithms and data structures for Boolean functions have to be developed that are at least applicable for practical problems. The design flow of ciruit development is mainly divided in logic synthesis, logic optimization and techology mapping. The synthesis step transforms high level circuit descriptions to simpler, lower level descriptions, e.g. from a high level hardware description language to a register transfer level representation. Logic optimization aims to transform a circuit to meet some given criteria like speed, power consumption or testablility. Technology mapping is principally concerned with the transformation of a technology independent description to a technology dependent one by mapping gates or function blocks to available gates or components of an available library. Parallel to these steps logic verification and model checking is applied to assure correct circuits. Seen in a broader view we might also sum up all these design steps under the term logic synthesis as the transformation from a high level description to a gate or transistor netlist. To be able to perform these steps we need representations of Boolean functions that are scalable and can be efficiently handled by computers in terms of computing time as well as memory requirements. Most problems related to Boolean functions like the satisfiability test or the optimization of a circuit with respect to (w.r.t.) a given set of criteria are computationally difficult, often we have to deal with NP-complete problems. Thus we usually cannot expect to find algorithms that deal efficiently with worst case problem instances. But only a small fraction of the exponentially high number (2 2 n) of Boolean functions are of practical use. So our focus must lie in finding and optimizing the data structures or algorithms for practically relevant problems.


There are many advantages of using on-line liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC /MS) to characterize complex mixtures. By incorporating low-voltage electron-impact ionization/high-resolution MS with moving belt LC/MS, differentiation can be made between naphthenoaromatics and alkylaromatics and between aromatic hydrocarbons and «difficult-to-resolve» thiophenes. Alternative on-line LC/MS techniques for heavy hydrocarbon characterization are also discussed


We photolithographically fabricate a high-Q photonic-crystal nanocavity with a silicon dioxide clad structure and demonstrate an electro-optic modulator, a photoreceiver, and a DEMUX, all of which are easy to integrate with other silicon photonic devices.


1597 Background: The Medicare Advantage (MA) program provides care to nearly half of Medicare beneficiaries, including a rapidly growing population of cancer survivors. Although MA was designed to optimize healthcare access, outcomes, and affordability, it is unknown whether these effects have been achieved in cancer survivors. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of Medicare beneficiaries ≥65 years with a self-reported history of cancer in the 2019 National Health Interview Survey. We used multivariable logistic regression to evaluate the association between Medicare program type (MA vs traditional Medicare, TM) and measures of healthcare access, acute care utilization, and affordability. Results: We identified 4,451 beneficiaries with a history of cancer, corresponding to 26.6 million weighted cancer survivors in 2019. Of beneficiaries, 35.8% were enrolled in MA while 64.2% were enrolled in TM. The age, sex, racial and ethnic composition, household income, primary site of cancer, and co-morbidity burden of MA and TM beneficiaries were similar. In adjusted analysis, there were no differences in health care access or acute care utilization between TM and MA beneficiaries. However, survivors enrolled in MA were more likely to worry about (34.3% vs 29.4%; aOR, 1.3 [95% CI, 1.1-1.5]) or have problems paying (13.6% vs 11.1%; aOR, 1.4 [95% CI, 1.1-1.8]) medical bills. Conclusions: MA beneficiaries with a previous cancer diagnosis more often struggle paying medical bills despite similar healthcare access and preventive care as TM. Despite generous benefits and attractive incentives for care coordination and health management, privately run MA plans may not be more cost-effective than TM for cancer survivors. Our study informs ongoing congressional deliberations to re-evaluate the role of MA in promoting equity among beneficiaries.[Table: see text]


The utility model belongs to the waterproof and water drainage system relating to a kind of applicable tunnel project seam.Described waterproof and water drainage system comprises Ω type can drainage type waterstop, common waterstop, grit chamber, longitudinal drainage ditch and grouting drainage band; Described Ω type can drainage type waterstop and common waterstop all be laid along tunnel arch, and the engineering that both are arranged on two linings outside to inside by tunnel is successively sewed on; Described Ω type can the Ω tube opening of drainage type waterstop towards country rock side, and lay grouting drainage band at this opening; Described sand trap, longitudinal drainage ditch are positioned at bottom the cable channel in tunnel; Described Ω type drainage type waterstop and common waterstop can meet at grit chamber.Compared with prior art, the waterproof and water drainage system of applicable tunnel project seam described in the utility model decreases percolating water chance, improve the reliability and maintainability of waterstop, the frost heave blocking that can effectively prevent was lost efficacy, and the later stage can be facilitated to dredge maintenance test by arranging of open caisson pond, drainage effect is good.


New Л-electron deficient heteroaromatic oligomers 175 and 225 have been synthesised by Suzuki cross-coupling methodology and incorporated into OLEDs. Using 175 as the emissive layer in the device configuration lTO/PEDOT/175/Ca/Al: blue-green light ƛmax 500 nm, most likely emanating primarily from excimer states is emitted at a high turn-on vohage. Blue electroluminescence, ƛmax 444 nm, (onset 6.5V) is observed for the device structure lTO/PEDOT/225/Ca/ with no long-wavelength emission from Л -aggregates or exciton states. New 2,5-diphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles and 2-phenyl-5-(2-thienyl)-l,3,4-oxadiazoles heteroaryl- functionalised derivatives have been prepared under standard Sonogashira cross-coupling conditions. UV-Vis absorption and photoluminescence spectra establish that the substitution of a phenyl ring in the 2,5-diphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivative 232d Vax (PL) 380 nm, by a thienyl ring 239d ƛmax (PL) 415 nm, leads to a red shift in the lowest energy band. The absorption and emission spectra of 240 ƛmax (PL) 480 nm, is further red-shifted compared to 239f ƛmax (PL) 425 nm, which is consistent with the extended ir-conjugation of the central bis(ethynylthiophene) unit of 240.


Cross-flow fan is provided with an impeller which rotates formed by a curved blade (42). Wings (42) it is provided with an edge and the outer portion 43 close to the rotation distal of the impeller, the inner edge part 44 close to the rotation center of the impeller. In the outer edge portion 43, a plurality of cut-out 45 is formed at a predetermined interval. In the negative pressure surface (4q) of the blade (42) in the vicinity of the outer edge portion 43, in order to inhibit the gas flowing into the blade 42 for peeling off from the wings 42, a turbulent boundary layer from laminar flow the dimples 48 are formed to transition.