This presentation was given at a "General Papers" session at the ACS conference. This talk triggered a lot of questions about specific details of the experiment, which indicated that there was a lot of interest in this. My further impression from questions was that sonochemistry is not very well known to chemical educators and that there is sufficient interest to continue working on new undergraduate laboratory experiments in this area.


Abstract A method for evaluation of stability constants of very unstable and labile complexes has been proposed by the use of Donnan exclusion chromatography. The stability constants of sodium complexes of monomeric phosphorus oxoacids have been evaluated to be log β1 = -0.04 for phosphinate, log β1 = 0.86 and log β2 = 0.24 for hydrogen orthophosphate and log β1 = 0.61 and log β2 = 0.16 for phosphonate, respectively, at I = 1.00 (CH3)4NCl, t = 25.0° ± 0.1°C.


We present an infinite series formula based on the Karoubi-Hamida integral, for the universal Borel class evaluated on H2n+1(GL(C)). For a cyclotomic field F we define a canonical set of elements in K3(F ) and present a novel approach (based on a free differential calculus) to constructing them. Applying our computer algorithm to this set yields a value V1(F ), which coincides with the Borel regulator R1(F ) when our set is a basis modulo torsion. For F = Q(e) we compute V1(F ).


Is there really such a thing as Elder Law? If there is, what does it do? And how does it do it?


Although there are many methods for the calculation of all stabilizing PID controllers for a given linear time invariant system, this problem is still time-consuming. Moreover, if there is a time delay or uncertainty in the system, the problem gets more complex. The power of computer algebra tools can be utilized in finding all stabilizing PID controllers more quickly. In this paper, a toolbox written in Mathematica is introduced with this perspective.


available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29684126 Editorial Comment: These investigators present results from testis biopsies in men and boys of different ages with Klinefelter syndrome in an attempt to discern when germ cell loss occurs. Although the patients are diverse and relatively small in number, these data represent more clinically than we have previously seen for a longitudinal assessment and strongly suggest that the loss occurs earlier than puberty. The authors conclude that testis tissue banking at a young prepubertal age is thus not a sound strategy. I take away something more, that with each passing year the chance of obtaining sperm from a man with Klinefelter syndrome decreases, and the sooner we can intervene, the better. Craig Niederberger, MD Suggested Reading Ramasamy R, Ricci JA, Palermo GD et al: Successful fertility treatment for Klinefelter's syndrome. J Urol 2009; 182: 1108. Re: Impact of Age, Clinical Conditions, and Lifestyle on Routine Semen Parameters and Sperm Kinematics G. L. Ver on, A. D. Tissera, R. Bello, F. Beltramone, G. Estofan, R. I. Molina and M. H. Vazquez-Levin Instituto de Biologı́a y Medicina Experimental, National Research Council of Argentina-Fundaci on IBYME and Universidad de Tres de Febrero, Buenos Aires, and Laboratorio de Andrologı́a y Reproducci on and Centro Integral de Ginecologı́a, Obstetricia y Reproducci on, C ordoba, Argentina Fertil Steril 2018; 110: 68e75.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.03.016 Abstract available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29980266available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29980266 Editorial Comment: Older men ejaculate a lot of sperm, and everyone knows some man who fathered a child after age 60 years, so the prevailing wisdom has been that, unlike in women, male fertility knows no upper limit of age. But accumulating evidence indicates increased sperm DNA damage with advanced male age, and childhood autism also appears to be more common with older fathers, with effects occurring as early as age 40 years. Using computer assisted sperm analysis, these investigators detected worsening sperm parameters in men after age 40. As in other studies, obesity also was correlated to poorer sperm. Craig Niederberger, MD 652 MALE INFERTILITY Copyright © 2019 American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited.


This article attempts to portray the youth of Patamban, a village in Michoacan, Mexico. It offers two parallel reflections: first, a description of what it ...


Commercial banks do more and more off-balance sheet business is a trend.As the west commercial banks' experience shows,OBS business depends on some exterior conditions:interest rate and exchange rate are decided by market force,commercial banks are permitted to do invest banking business by law,credit environment is well and law system is sanity.And now these conditions are absent in China.Apart from these,the slow growth of OBS business is related to commercial banks' inner management.So the attitude of Chinese commercial bank to OBS business should be prudent,and actively create conditions for OBS business at the same time.


Reflection cracks often occur in the overlay on old cement concrete pavement.This paper adopted large-scale-fatigue experimental platform for contrastive experiments of different overlay structures to resist reflective cracking,simulated the initiation and extension process of thermal reflective cracking and load reflective cracking of overlay,and tested the anti-cracking effect of different overlays.The results show that stress-absorbing layer can effectively eliminate the stress concentration phenomenon at joints of cement concrete and avoid the reflective cracking of overlay caused by thermal shrinkage of cement concrete slab and load.But setting fibre grids and geotextile cannot solve the reflective cracking of pavement.4 tabs,7 figs,7refs.


The paper explains the various aspects of control required in electric arc furnace operations and sunmmarises the present status of research in these areas. The requirements for direct digital control are considered and suitable hardware and software schemes for digital control implementation are presented.


We have investigated the pumping of OH masers in the circumstellar envelopes of Mira variables. The location of the masing OH and the physical conditions within the circumstellar shell are approximated from a simple, spherically symmetric model of the mass loss. Parameters for the models are chosen to reproduce the conditions within Mira variables which show Type I (main line dominant) maser emission. The level populations of OH are calculated using the escape probability formalism and a modified Sobolev approximation. Pumping effects from direct stellar radiation, collisions, dust FIR emission, and FIR line overlaps are included


The global production of farmed Atlantic salmon amounts to over 2 million tons per year. Consumed all over the world, salmon is not only delicious but also nutritious. This paper deals with the relationship between moisture content, low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and sensory evaluation in the baking process of salmon. An artificial neural network (ANN) model has been established to simulate the change of moisture content and energy consumed in the baking process. Through the study of LF-NMR, SEM, and sensory evaluation, it was found that the change of sensory indexes was consistent with the results observed by LF-NMR and SEM. With the increase of temperature, muscle fibers contracted, the interstices increased, the rate of water loss increased, and the sensory score decreased. Initial moisture content, baking time, baking temperature, baking humidity, and baking air velocity were employed as the baking control parameters for the ANN. ANN can be used to determine the moisture content and energy consumed of baking salmon. The best network topology occurred with 5 input layer neurons, 17 hidden layer neurons, and 2 output layer neurons, and the MSE was 0.00153, and Rall was 0.99661. According to the experiment, it was demonstrated that the ANN is a reliable software-based method.


Cancerous pleurisy of recurrent colorectal cancer is relatively rare, and standardized chemotherapy has not been established. We herein presented a case of octogenarian with recurrent colon cancer with carcinomatous pleurisy, which successfully treated by modulated bevacizmab and CPT-11 combination chemotherapy and a total of 5-year long-term survival was achieved. Significantly responsive cases of Bevacizmab-combined chemotherapy have been reported for cancer pleurisy from different carcinomas, and its usefulness for cancerous pleural effusion cases is expected. We discuss the efficacy of Bevacizmab for elderly patients with recurrent or advanced colorectal cancer and cancerous pleurisy.


In a two‐level factorial experiment, the authors consider designs with partial duplication which permit estimation of the constant term, all main effects and some specified two‐factor interactions, assuming that the other effects are negligible. They construct parallel‐flats designs with two identical parallel flats that meet prior specifications; they also consider classes of 3‐flat and 4‐flat designs. They show that the designs obtained can have a very simple covariance structure and high D‐efficiency. They give an algorithm from which they generate a series of practical designs with run sizes 12, 16, 24, and 32.


Objective To discuss the surg ic al treatment of incisional hernia at site of abdominal wall.Methods 32 patients with incisional hernia were treated with a tension-free manner of hernia repair by using synthetic material (polypropylene mesh/expanded polyt etrafluoroethylene).Results 31 patients had got good result fro m this repair ( 96.87% ).Of these patients,12 cases had the hernia recurrenceb y more than one repaired in traditional manner,and then got a cure repaired in t ension-free manner.Only one patient had the hernia recurrence.The recurrence ra te was 3.13%.Conclusion The incisional hernia of abdominal wall is a common complication of the aged-patients who were previously performed su rgical procedures in abdomen.Using synthetic material,the patients will get a go od result in tension-free manner of hernia repair.


The statutory changes of the last forty years culminating in the RMA (Resource Management Act 1991) have greatly widened the opportunities for participation in environmental decision-making. But with widened opportunities comes heightened expectations. Real barriers to effective participation remain. If the promise of the purpose of the RMA is to be realised these barriers need to be removed. This in turn will lead to better informed and more durable decisions for the environment.


Oncolytic viruses are currently in clinical trials for a variety of tumors, including high grade gliomas. A characteristic feature of high grade gliomas is their high vascularity and treatment approaches targeting tumor endothelium are under investigation, including bevacizumab. The aim of this study was to improve oncolytic viral therapy by combining it with ionizing radiation and to radiosensitize tumor vasculature through a viral encoded anti‐angiogenic payload. Here, we show how vaccinia virus‐mediated expression of a single‐chain antibody targeting VEGF resulted in radiosensitization of the tumor‐associated vasculature. Cell culture experiments demonstrated that purified vaccinia virus encoded antibody targeting VEGF reversed VEGF‐induced radioresistance specifically in endothelial cells but not tumor cells. In a subcutaneous model of U‐87 glioma, systemically administered oncolytic vaccinia virus expressing anti‐VEGF antibody (GLV‐1h164) in combination with fractionated irradiation resulted in enhanced tumor growth inhibition when compared to nonanti‐VEGF expressing oncolytic virus (GLV‐1h68) and irradiation. Irradiation of tumor xenografts resulted in an increase in VACV replication of both GLV‐1h68 and GLV‐1h164. However, GLV‐1h164 in combination with irradiation resulted in a drastic decrease in intratumoral VEGF levels and tumor vessel numbers in comparison to GLV‐1h68 and irradiation. These findings demonstrate the incorporation of an oncolytic virus expressing an anti‐VEGF antibody (GLV‐1h164) into a fractionated radiation scheme to target tumor cells by enhanced VACV replication in irradiated tumors as well as to radiosensitize tumor endothelium which results in enhanced efficacy of combination therapy of human glioma xenografts.


Objective:To investigate the methylation status of RASSF1A gene in human osteosarcomas.Methods:Methyla-tion-specific PCR(MSP) was used to detect the status of promoter hypermethylation of RASSF1A gene in 44 osteosarcoma and corre-sponding non-tumor bone tissues and the clinicopathological significance in human osteosarcoma was analyzed.Results:The methylation ratio of RASSF1A gene in osteosarcoma tissues(61.4%) was obviously higher than that in non-tumor bone tissues(20.5%,P0.05).The abberant methylation of RASSF1A gene induced the decreased expression of RASSF1A mRNA and protein in osteosarcoma or non-tu-mor bone tissues.Additionally,the methylation of RASSF1A gene was significantly associated with tumor differentiation and metastasis(P=0.022 and 0.016,respectively),but it had not associated with age,sex,tumor location and size of osteosarcoma patients(P=0.6944,0.977,0.786 and 0.831,respectively).Conclusion:The methylation of RASSF1A gene may contribute to the decreased RASSF1A gene expression,and detection of RASSF1A promoter methylation might be an important molecular marker for the earlier auxiliary diagnosis of osteosarcoma.


: Introduction: Haff's disease was first reported in 1924 on the Baltic Sea coast. This syndrome is related to a toxin that is still unknown, but can be found in certain freshwater fish when they are contaminated. In the progression of this pathology, a condition called rhabdomyolysis was observed, an aggravating situation that, if not treated immediately, can lead to death. The diagnosis of Haff's disease is based on clinical suspicion, epidemiological history, and elevated levels of muscle necrosis markers. As it is a rare clinical syndrome, underdiagnosed, with an increase in incidence and with a good prognosis if treatment is indicated in a timely manner, this study aims to report what is known about the current clinical management of Haff Syndrome, focusing on greater clarification about of the disease. Methodology: This is a literature review in the Scielo, BVS and Google Scholar databases, in addition to the emergency book of the University of São Paulo for comparative purposes. Five articles were selected from 2005 to 2021, in Portuguese, correlated with different aspects of the theme. Results : The approach is based on the prevention of acute tubular necrosis and the prompt recognition and correction of electrolyte and acid-base disturbances. In the first 24-48 hours, hydration with isotonic saline must be performed, about 1 to 2 L/h. After the start of diuresis, the volume replacement required is 100 to 200 mL/hour. To urinary output, of mannitol and mEq of sodium bicarbonate must only be corrected in symptomatic cases or in the presence of severe hyperkalemia. Allopurinol may be indicated to control hyperuricemia and also contribute to the elimination of free radicals. As for metabolic acidosis, correction of the other parameters tends to normalize it. If severe acidosis, as in the case of serum bicarbonate less than 15 mEq/L, the use of 50 mEq of intravenous sodium bicarbonate is an alternative. Conclusions: Since the disease-causing toxin has not yet been identified and the pathophysiology remains unclear, treatment involves general supportive measures in addition to specific interventions for complications.


Management of water is vital to sustenance of biomass production and environmental quality of reconstructed minelands in semi-arid North Dakota. Since water resides and moves through soil pores, quantification of soil pore characteristics is a key to evaluate soil quality for reclamation success. We measured field saturated hydraulic conductivity (K) by double-ring ponded infiltration method on 26 pre-mine and postmine profiles. The same profiles, each installed with a neutron probe access tube and a set of five tensiometers, were used to monitor post-infiltration redistribution of water by measuring volumetric water contents and matric potentials with time. An empirical equation was fitted to the soil water retention data to derive proportional distribution of various sizes of pores, maximum water capacity, median pore size, and a depth weighted pore index ({Omega}) to compare efficiency of each profile to transmit and retain water. The undisturbed pre-mine soils showed high {Omega}`s and high proportion of effective pores ({epsilon}) with radii > 5 {mu}m. The reclaimed mineland profiles show low {Omega} and general deficiency of pores effective in transporting water to deeper depths. The pooled data from the premine and postmine soil profiles included in this study show that K increased linearly with {Omega} andmore » {epsilon}2. We recommend that the K - {epsilon} relationship be further evaluated by measuring infiltration and pore size distribution from various locations under different management conditions. If feasible, the easily measurable, profile scale, K - {epsilon} relationship provides a quantitative tool to evaluate soil quality of premine and reclaimed soils.« less


In information visualization, the position of symbols often encodes associated data values. When visualizing data elements with both a numerical and a categorical dimension, positioning in the categorical axis admits some flexibility. This flexibility can be exploited to reduce symbol overlap, and thereby increase legibility. In this paper we initialize the algorithmic study of optimizing symbol legibility via a limited displacement of the symbols. Specifically, we consider unit square symbols that need to be placed at specified $y$-coordinates. We optimize the drawing order of the symbols as well as their $x$-displacement, constrained within a rectangular container, to maximize the minimum visible perimeter over all squares. If the container has width and height at most $2$, there is a point that stabs all squares. In this case, we prove that a staircase layout is arbitrarily close to optimality and can be computed in $O(n\log n)$ time. If the width is at most $2$, there is a vertical line that stabs all squares, and in this case, we give a 2-approximation algorithm that runs in $O(n\log n)$ time. As a minimum visible perimeter of $2$ is always trivially achievable, we measure this approximation with respect to the visible perimeter exceeding $2$. We show that, despite its simplicity, the algorithm gives asymptotically optimal results for certain instances.


The prospect of direct intervention in the process of wage determination as envisaged in the Social Charter has met with considerable criticism. In particular, employers' organizations and certain governments have rejected outright the proposal to require firms to pay an equitable wage. However, in all member-states except the UK and Ireland, arrangements exist to ensure that nearly all workers are covered by minimum wage protection (through national minimum wages or full-coverage collective agreements). In this article the nature of low-paid employment in member-states is examined and different methods of wage regulation are described. After reviewing the economic effects of wage regulation, we discuss possible initiatives on wage regulation at the Community level.


INTRODUCTION: CONSTITUTIONS AND RULE OF LAW - Two Interpretations of "Rule of Law" SECTION I: CONSTITUTIONAL INSTITUTIONS 1. Two Great Constitutional Legacies 2. Mini and Maxi Constitutions in the World 3. Constitutional Law and the Legal Order SECTION II. RULE OF LAW INSTITUTIONS - EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE 4. Relevance of Rule of Law: Some Outcomes 5. What Enhances Rule of Law? SECTION III: CONSTITUTIONALISM IN POLITICAL THOUGHT 6. Emergence of Modern Constitutionalism around 1600 7. The Forerunners of the Principal-Agent Model of Politics SECTION IV: A PRINCIPAL-AGENT INTERPRETATION OF CONSTITUTIONAL DEMOCRACY 8. The Principal-Agent Problem in Politics 9. Political Leadership: How to Restrain Political Agents SECTION V. AGENCY AND LEADERSHIP: POLITICAL PARTIES AND STATE GOVERNMENTS 10. Political Parties, Party Government and Remuneration for Agency 11. Global and Regional Constitutionalism: Constraining the Governments of States CONCLUDING REMARK: ACCOUNTABILITY IN POLITICS


An ultra-high resolution circulation model (0.125 nautical mile grid) of the Southeastern Baltic Sea is compiled from the General Estuarine Transport Model (GETM) in order to simulate the mesoscale eddy field in the area. The model results are compared with optical and infrared satellite imagery available for the period of May–August 2015. Mesoscale eddies detected in the satellite images are reasonably well identified in the simulated patterns of the sea surface temperature, currents, and floating Lagrangian particles.


ON THE MIDWAY PLAISANCE OF THE 1893 Columbian Exposition, outside the parameters of the White City and just a short jaunt from the iconic Ferris Wheel, stood a theater patronized by "old men and wicked youths" who "watched, in a bleary-eyed ecstasy, the Oriental athletes of the stage as they danced, toyed with the cigarette, and by their smiles gave a Persian Parisian charm to the anomalous entertainment."1 Colorful descriptions of the Midway Plaisance heavily populated souvenir books commemorating the Chicago Worlds Fair. Filled with photographic portrait types, landscape scenes, and ebullient commentary, souvenir books simultaneously reproduced and shaped the experience of the fairgoer (See Figure 1). As a cultural text constructed by and for a white, masculine American subject, the souvenir book reveals the objectives and weaknesses of hegemonic projects in the United States during the nineteenth century. In particular, representations of female bodies on the Midway Plaisance illuminate intersecting discourses of race and gender.As a combination and juxtaposition of the White City and the foreign villages of the Midway Plaisance, the Columbian Exposition functioned as an expression of national identity. Hegemonic forces in Chicago and the United States at the end of the nineteenth century shaped the imagining of the nation, and the Exposition served as a powerful tool for their project.2 Robert Rydell asserts that Worlds fairs "propagated the ideas and values of the country's political, financial, corporate, and intellectual leaders and offered these ideas as the proper interpretation of social and political reality."3Alan Trachtenberg identifies the powerful perpetuators of national culture as the established, propertied, and wealthy elite who aimed to subsume the subaltern under the "banner of 'peace, prosperity, progress and patriotism.'"4 Indeed, the Chicago business interests and financial leaders who lobbied to bring the fair to the city elected the Exposition's board of directors. In turn, the fair's administration used the White City to showcase a grand vision of American and human progress.5While operating as mechanisms of hegemony, expressions of national unity like the Columbian Exposition nevertheless belie internal contradictions. Lauren Berlant cautions that a national culture still inherits the tensions that exist in the national space. Although political legitimacy depends upon "the cultural expression of national fantasy," narratives of national identity mask inherent conflict.6Indeed, numerous domestic tensions plagued the last decade of the nineteenth century. Lingering cultural and economic differences between the North and South frustrated post-Reconstruction politics. Rural America engaged in widespread political mobilization as the Populist movement gained ground. Meanwhile, labor skirmishes erupted in United States cities; Chicago itself would serve as the site of the infamous Pullman strike the year following the Fair. The social climate was further exacerbated by racial anxieties surrounding the influx of immigrants from southern and eastern Europe. To top it off, a severe economic depression overcame the United States the very year of the Columbian Exposition.7 Economic instability, racial anxiety, and political uncertainty contributed to a contentious national environment.Frank Ninkovich contends that domestic issues and the United States' uncertain role in the international arena combined to create significant identity crisis during the 1890s. The resulting anxiety took the form of "hyper-aggressive nationalist public opinion known as jingoism."8 Trachtenberg similarly argues that late nineteenth century "elites in business, politics, and culture" were working to win hegemony "over dissident but divided voices of labor, farmers, immigrants, blacks and women."9 The ruling class during the final years of the nineteenth century, therefore, fashioned dominant narratives of national identity as a way of dealing with the nation's internal tensions. …


Climate change and occurrence of extreme temperature events were studied in Kottayam, a major rubber growing district in Kerala. Occurrence of extreme temperature events can affect the livelihood of rubber growers apart from the ecological impact. The present study was conducted by analysing the occurrence of extreme temperature events in the past 40 years (1970-2010) using the RClimDex package developed by the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection Monitoring and Indices (ETCCDMI), Canada. Temporal variations in trends of occurrence of extreme temperature events were tested with Mann-Kendall trend analysis. The 5-year diurnal temperature range (DTR, difference between monthly mean maximum and minimum temperatures) increased from 7.8 (during 1970-1974) to 9.2 0C (during 2006-2010). The monthly mean maximum temperature increased by 0.035 0C per year. Frequency of occurrence of hot days increased at a rate of 0.56 per cent per year and the highest temperature recorded in a month showed an increase of 0.038 0C per year. As observed, the increasing trends in the occurrence of extreme temperature events may eventually lead to the warming up of the region in future. The study indicates that the projected warming tendency in the traditional rubber growing regions of India may affect the rubber cultivation adversely.


: In this paper we develop the mathematical foundations of the recently established theory of Spectrum Broadcast Structures (SBS); we do this for the case of a central system interacting with N non-interacting environments (von Neumann-type interactions). We developed tools for studying the dynamical convergence of the multipartite quantum states in question to an SBS state and provide necessary conditions for SBS to arise dynamically from the ensuing non-unitary dynamics


The internal friction of transparent natural quartz was measured at room temperature with longitudinal vibration in kilocycle range using a composite piezo-electric oscillator. Specimens were cylinders axes of which took various orientations in the crystallographic YZ-plane. The internal friction of specimens parallel to the Y- or Z-axis was small and almost independent of the strain amplitude of the vibration, while that of specimens with other orientations was rather large and showed marked dependence on the amplitude. The experimental results were analyzed with the theory of dislocation damping based on the pinned-down dislocation model. It could be concluded that the internal friction of quartz was mainly due to the vibration of dislocations in the slip plane parallel to the Y- or Z-axis. The dislocation density in a specimen was estimated to be 10 3 –10 4 cm -2 . It was also found that the dislocation density was reduced by annealing the specimen. The defects pinning down the dislocations were assume...


When Elizabeth A. Drew suggested in 1926 that 'the Novel of the Three Dots' was an appropriate label for early twentieth-century fiction, she made a comment on the close association between modern prose and innovative punctuation. One of the most recognisable characteristics of modernist prose is indeed its experimentation with and deviation from standard punctuation rules. In the modernist novel, ellipses, brackets, commas, and semicolons are not only used to mark syntax: they also add a new level of meaning to the text. Here, punctuation suggests a form of non-verbal content, inviting readers to engage more actively with the literary work.


This paper presents design, fabrication, and high-frequency characterization of through-silicon-vias (TSVs) with benzocyclobutene (BCB) as the dielectric liner to exploit its low dielectric constant. Fabrication processes for BCB polymer liner TSVs are developed, and BCB-liner TSVs have been successfully fabricated in both low-resistivity silicon and high-resistivity silicon substrates for comparison. A de-embedding method that enables extraction of S-parameters from cascade TSV chains is developed based on the thru-reflect-line calibration algorithm, and the S-parameters of BCB-liner TSVs have been obtained from the measured transmission properties of cascade TSV chains with frequencies up to 25 GHz. Measurement results show that the BCB liner improves transmission properties of TSVs up to 10 GHz compared with SiO2-liner TSVs, and sub-strate resistivity dominates transmission properties for frequencies higher than 10 GHz.


Introduction. The article examines the nature and essence of patriotism and friendship of peoples, their crucial role for the life of the Russian Federation. Over the past decades, radical changes have taken place in the political system of Russia, its social and ethnic structure, and a heterogeneous ethno-confessional society has been formed. The author shows that patriotism and friendship of peoples are the most important determinants, specific properties necessary for the integration of our multinational federation ensuring order and stability in the country, its sustainable and dynamic development, the gradual formation of new supra-ethnic and supra-confessional values, and general cultural identity.

Methods. The combination of applying methods and approaches is the key to studying the theory and practice of patriotism, recognizing its procedural nature, unity and opposition in the activities of the state and society, the interests of the government, political parties and social groups. The use of the polyparadigmatic methodology in studying the nature and essence of patriotism, in particular, the activity and civilizational approaches, the synergetic method, dialectic categories made it possible to determine the complexity and continuity of the formation of patriotism and patriotic work, to reveal dynamism and conflict, general and special features in them.

Analysis. Studying the real state of Russian society points to the weakness of systemic activities of patriotic education, preserving and strengthening the unity and friendship between nations. The lack of a common goal problematizes the search for a common patriotic idea, new foundations for Russian civilization, the common existence of nations, the construction of a welfare state and a harmonious society.

Results. The article reveals inadequacy of the declared ideas of patriotism and friendship of peoples to the policy and practice of implementing neoliberal values and the priority of individualism. The author shows that the process of further fragmentation and stratification, alienation and separation of people according to racial, national, ethnic, cultural, religious, confessional, generational, professional and other characteristics continues in society. The transition of already atomized individuals from the ethnic mentality and national behavioral stereotypes to a single patriotic goal – the all-Russian identity – is formal. Today, the activity on the formation of patriotism and patriotic attitudes of consciousness does not affect the deep, essential foundations of society, is of a festival and manipulative nature, and in many respects concerns only the military sphere, tourism and sports. The notes mentioned create significant difficulties in understanding the idea of the common welfare, genuine and false in patriotism, the definition of objective interests of the state, authority and society, social groups and individual elites. Modern globalization inevitably involves taking into account the national interests of Russia, the search for optimal forms of interconnection of civilizational and universal principles.


Objective To investigate the smile indexsin aesthetics smiles of Chinese female, providing a criterion for evaluation of smile aesthetical characteristics for orthodontics、orthognathic surgery. Methods Totally 65 front pictures of famous becautiful females from 2008~2013 were collected from Chinese.The datas were calculated with the application of the Photoshop CS3 and statistically analyzed by spss 17.0. Results The width and area ratio of buccal corridors and total smile space were 8.95%±1.24%and4.00%±1.12%;high smile,average smile and high smile covered 6.0%,73.8%, 20.0%;smile index and upper gingival exposure index was 7.21±1.8 and 0.11±0.04. Conclusion The results obtained in this study can be used as one of objective standard for the diagnostics and treatment of smile esthetic in orthodontic and orthognathic surgery.


The calculation of the cross-correlation between a sequence with good autocorrelation and its decimated sequence has been a longstanding research problem in the field of sequence design. The objective of this paper is to determine the cross-correlation between a class of well-known ternary sequences with perfect autocorrelation and its <inline-formula><tex-math id="M1">\begin{document}$ 2 $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>-decimation. Based on the theory of quadratic forms and exponential sums over finite fields, it is shown that the cross-correlation function takes on three low values.


Species of the genus Pseudonitzschia have been implicated in outbreaks of domoic acid (DA) toxicity off the coasts of North America. This led us to look at the historical (1930-1939, 1967, 1983, 1991-1993) occurrence and abundance of these species off the Scripps Institution of Oceanography pier, Southern California, USA, with special emphasis on l? australis Frenguelli for which we have the most complete data. The organism occurs sporadically in high numbers (10' to 106 cells I-') between February and August but no major toxic episodes have been reported. The periods of high abundance were associated with intrusion of cool, high-nutrient waters probably related to upwelling events. To date, there have been no major DA outbreaks in the Southern California Bight.


Data are summarized on pathological conditions found during 1215 autopsies performed from Oct. 1950 through Sept. 1962 on residents of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The incidence of various diseases was related to the distance of the individual from the hypocenter of the atomic explosions in 1945. No relation was found between radiation exposure and many forms of malignancy found in this sample population. (C.H.)


It is a pity that Eskildsen has not learned more from his colleagues who study Chinese Buddhism, many of whom have had to deal with rather similar hagiographic materials and their associated problems of interpretation. There are many instances of Quanzhen's close family resemblance to Buddhism in the sources: the prevalence of terms like "sam. sāra" or gong'an (kōan); the many parallels with Chan literature (the genre of yulu [recorded sayings], for example, is common to both traditions); and the paraphrases and what appear to be silent quotations from Chan texts. These examples are briefly noted, but not pursued at any length. Interesting parallels and possible connections with Buddhist practices such as self-immolation (pp. 59–60) and self-mummification (p. 146) are not fully developed – the scholarship cited on mummification has been superseded by more recent studies in Japanese and English. There appear to be relatively few typographical errors: "Zhongguo duojiao shi" (p. 212 n.87) should read "Zhonguo daojiao shi"; "wolfsbane plane" (p. 168) should read "wolfsbane plant"; "sidai" (p. 216 n.47) should read "sida". I am not sure why Dostoyevski's The Brothers Karamazov appears in the bibliography – I could not find this work mentioned or cited in the book. Despite its limitations, this book makes a significant advance in the study of Quanzhen. It will help to orient scholars to the abundant sources and at least some of their themes. It lays open an impressive array of primary texts and demonstrates that this phase in the history of Chinese religions offers fertile ground for scholarly investigation. I hope it will inspire a new generation of scholars to produce the kind of critical scholarship which the sources demand. Everyone interested in Taoism will want to read this book and will find much to ponder within.


A small enterprise's credit rating is employed to measure its probability of defaulting on a debt, but, for small enterprises, financial data are insufficient or even unreliable. Thus, building a multi criteria credit rating model based on the qualitative and quantitative criteria is of importance to finance small enterprises' activities. Till now, there has not been a multicriteria credit risk model based on the rank sum test and entropy weighting method. In this paper, we try to fill this gap by offering three innovative contributions. First, the rank sum test shows significant differences in the average ranks associated with index data for the default and entire sample, ensuring that an index makes an effective differentiation between the default and non-default sample. Second, the rating equation's capacity is tested to identify the potential defaults by verifying a clear difference between the average ranks of samples with default ratings (i.e., not index values) and the entire sample. Third, in our nonparametric test, the rank sum test is used with rank correlation analysis made to screen for indices, thereby avoiding the assumption of normality associated with more common credit rating methods.


Article VI of the Constitution establishes the supremacy of federal law over the states, while the Eleventh Amendment grants the states immunity from suit without their consent. The incompatibility of these provisions becomes apparent, however, when a defendant state asserts its immunity in response to an attempt to enforce a valid federal law in federal court. This constitutional contradiction recently divided two circuit courts ruling on suits brought under the same state-managed federal program: the Fourth Circuit held the Eleventh Amendment barred a state agency from enforcing the program's requirements against state officials in federal court, while the Seventh Circuit held the amendment posed no bar. This Case Comment analyzes the Seventh Circuit's decision in Indiana Protection & Advocacy Services v. Indiana Family & Social Services Administration and concludes that the court was correct in holding an independent state agency's suit against named state officials can be heard in federal court under the Supreme Court's Eleventh Amendment exception, the doctrine of Ex parte Young. In 1986, Congress enacted the Protection and Advocacy for Individuals with Mental Illness Act (PAIMI Act) and provided each state with funds to establish an independent protection and advocacy system to safeguard the rights of the mentally ill. The PAIMI Act requires that these systems receive access to all


Analysis of the kinetics of the interaction between PMA, lectins, and T cells revealed that these compounds could be added to the T cells independently and in any order and still induce activation. However, maximal T cell proliferation required that PMA and lectin be added within the first 4 hr of culture. In addition, both agents were capable of exerting their effects after a brief (1 hr) exposure. The results of this study indicate that PMA can replace macrophages as a source of the second signal that is required to induce T cell proliferation in vitro. This agent may prove to be extremely valuable in the analysis of both the biochemical alterations involved in the process of T cell activation, and the mechanism by which macrophages induce these alterations.


Editor's Note As our author writes, "what distinguishes humans from other species is not how small or large, dense or scarce our cortical neurons are, but simply how many of them we have to do the job of navigating through life." This article is the first of two that will address the development of the human brain. Both articles examine the biological grounds of human uniqueness.


In the era of technological advancement, the relatively low literacy rate of the people in the digital world will result in many behaviors that have negative impacts, such as quickly spreading fake news and unhealthy communication. The government has taken steps to regulate digital information transactions through the ITE Law to overcome this. However, people's understanding of this matter still needs improvement. An automatic detection device for inappropriate speech in the digital media needs to be built to overcome this. An utterance entering this detector will be identified into one of 4 categories: normal speech, fake news, hate speech, and offensive. This detector is built by training a neural network model on a compilation of various digital speech data sources. We select several architectural models by comparing the results obtained from the same data. We also build a classification model with three categories considering that hateful and offensive utterances are often quite similar and difficult to distinguish. The model obtains good final results, with the best performance obtained by the LSTM model with three categories.


Propose a kind of electric transmission lines icing image segmentation algorithm based on quick bi-circulating level set to improve effect of electric transmission lines icing image segmentation algorithm. Firstly, carry out pretreatment to graying of electric transmission lines icing image and decrease noise influence in image; secondly, improve fuzzy c mean value clustering algorithm and propose SPKFCM algorithm by increasing space penalty function, which is used for automatic initialization of quick bi-circulating level set algorithm; finally, it is shown that proposed algorithm has better segmentation effect and segmentation efficiency by experiment contrast on electric transmission lines icing image.


An improved self-adaptive de-noising method based on discrete stationary wavelet transform is put forward.The method is used for pressure signal de-noising and get better effect than the traditional discrete binary wavelet de-noising.In this method,the discrete stationary wavelet transform is used to solve the oscillation effects of singular points in signal de-noising by the discrete binary wavelet transform,and the detail coefficients noise and different noise intensity in different level are taken into consideration.The detail and approximation coefficients in each decomposition level are self-adaptive denoised using the thresholds,which are estimated by the noise intensity accordingly.The pressure signal de-noisong experiment is carried out compared with the traditional discrete binary wavelet transform,the feasibility and validity of the mehtod are proved.


Objective To investigate the changes in the concentration of serum vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)at different time stages,as well as the impacts of naoxintong capsule in the patients with acute cerebral infarction.Methods 60 cases of cerebral infarction were randomly divided into treatment group and control group,30 cases in each one.Additionally,60 cases were included in healthy group.Naoxintong capsule was administered in treatment group orally.The double-antibody sandwich ELISA was used to detect serum VEGF concentration in 24 h,3 d,7 d and 14 d separately.Meanwhile,plasma fibrinogen(FIB)level and neurological function score before treatment and 14 d after treatment were determined.Results The levels of VEGF and FIB in the patients with acute cerebral infarction were significantly higher than those in the normal group at all time points(P0.01),The concentration of VEGF and FIB increased continuously at each time point and were up to the peak on the 7th day of the sickness.Afterward,they started decreasing,but still maintained at a high level on the 14th day.Serum VEGF concentration had been maintained at a relatively high level after the intervention with naoxintong capsule and its concentration was higher apparently than that in control group on the 3rd,4th and 14th days,which was higher significantly on the 7th day(P0.01).The dynamic observation did not discover significant difference in FIB level between two groups(P0.05).14 days after the intervention with naoxintong capsule,the neurologic function score in treatment group was superior to that in control group,indicating statistical significance.Conclusion The serum VEGF concentration increases apparently after acute cerebral infarction.Naoxintong capsule can promote the production and secretion of VEGF and improve clinical efficacy.


Guidelines to manage liver metastases were developed at a meeting jointly organized by the Sri Lanka Hepato Pancreato Biliary Association (SLHPBA) and the International Hepato Pancreato Biliary Association (IHPBA). Existing evidence was used in the development of guidelines, as recommended by the AGREE II consortium. Guidelines are provided for diagnosis, pre-operative workup, multi-disciplinary team review, surgery, anaesthesia, post-operative care and follow up. Consideration was given to the limitations of facilities available in the country.


From the observations made at international competitions for juniors – European championships (ECh) and European Youth Olympic Games (EYOG) we found that some of the most commonly performed vaults are those of II, III, and IV structural groups, in particular – "Handsprig fwd" , "Tsukahara", and "Yurchenko". The present study aims to optimize the training method of training the Vault "Tsukahara", in girls in the stage of sport improvement (age 10-11). Within the period 2018-2019 a sports and pedagogical experiment was conducted in which Bulgarian gymnasts at 10-11 years of age were studied. The experimental methodology is focused in 3 main directions: physical qualities – particularly with regards to vault; jumps from trampoline, preparatory exercises for vault apparatus from III structure group. The study confirmed the notion that the base vault in gymnastics is "Handsprig (without salto )" and found that the age of 9-10 years is most appropriate for initial training of "Tsukahara" vault. The conducted pedagogical experiment confirms the necessity of obligatory inclusion of trampoline and special physical preparation work in the weekly training program cycle, equivalent to the four female apparatuses. Deliberate work on the proposed methodology has led to positive results in the experimental group. The prepared multimedia computer product [11] is designed for the needs of gymnastics.q


Summary Tropical forests are one of the world's last remaining frontiers. Like all frontiers, they are sites of dynamic social, ecological, political, and economic changes. Such dynamism involves constantly changing advantages and disadvantages to different groups of people, which not surprisingly leads to armed conflict, and all too frequently to war. Many governments have contributed to conflict by nationalizing their forests, so that traditional forest inhabitants have been disenfranchised while national governments sell trees to concessionaires to earn foreign exchange. Biodiversity-rich tropical forests in Papua New Guinea, Indonesia, Indochina, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Central Africa, the Amazon, Colombia, Central America, and New Caledonia have all been the sites of armed conflict, sometimes involving international forces. While these conflicts have frequently, even invariably, caused negative impacts on biodiversity, peace is often even worse, as it enables forest exploitation to operate with impunity. Because many of the remaining tropical forests are along international borders, international cooperation is required for their conservation; as a response, the concept of international "peace parks" is being promoted in many parts of the world as a way of linking biodiversity conservation with national security. The Convention on Biological Diversity, which entered into force at the end of 1993 and now has nearly 180 State Parties, offers a useful framework for such cooperation.


"Shuangdong"(Dongquan Gate and Dongguan Street) historic street can be innovatively developed as a tourist destination by the theory of experience economy.The theme of the tourism development can be designed as the Museum Exhibiting Folk Culture of Yangzhou during Ming and Qing Dynasty.Through a variety of diversified activities,the whole street,as a big stage for folk culture,should be able to bring tourists complete experience of historic streets.Moreover,supplementary design should be made for additional elements based on experience-oriented design of core activities,thus increasing the comprehensive experience benefits of tourist products.


The present invention discloses a passive phase interferometer direction finding antenna array and the phase of the interferometer, from the outer to the inner is divided into three layers; a first layer is a circular antenna array, a plurality of dual-polarized omni-directional antenna array element composition, a dual-polarized omni arranged on the circumference of the antenna element; dual-polarized omni each transducer comprises a horizontal polarization and a vertical polarization antenna array element oscillator, each dual-polarized omni-directional antenna element by polarization selecting output matching the multi-selection plate antenna switch is connected, on the circumference of horizontally polarized and vertically polarized transducers arranged adjacent transducers; the second layer is a horizontally polarized antenna array, comprising a horizontally polarized annular vibrator; the third layer is vertically polarized antenna array, comprising a biconical antenna element vertically polarized, vertically polarized biconical antenna biconical vibrator are connected to the matching circuit; horizontal polarization antenna array of the second layer and vertically polarized antenna array with the third layer is selected from a two input terminals connected to an antenna switch. It has a simple structure, low production cost, high sensitivity and high test accuracy.


In many jobbing shops there exist a number of methods of increasing the capacity of machine groups. The extent of the capacity change required depends on the effect that such a change will have on the time jobs take to pass through the shop, in much the same way that the allocation of priorities both determines and is determined by the resulting waiting times. A case is put for the need to integrate these two aspects of control, and the results given of a simplified example of such control on waiting times in a single server, pre-emptive priority queue, obtained by manual sampling methods.


The 1 GeV Duke FEL storage ring is dedicated to drive UV and VUV free electron laser devices. The high brightness and low emittance electron beams needed for these devices demand high performance and tight tolerances on the storage ring magnet lattice. Tight tolerances include close spacing of magnetic elements. We show how combined function magnets are used to eliminate discrete elements and odd shaped end pieces which cause magnetic coupling, saturation and severe undesirable field nonlinearities. Using this scheme we are able to achieve desirable ring dynamic aperture with only minor modification of existing hardware. Also included is a discussion of a non-standard septum magnet with stray field compensation which will be employed by this storage ring. The design, testing procedures, and preliminary results are outlined for this magnet.<<ETX>>


Members of the RecA family of recombinases from bacteriophage be T4, Escherichia coli, yeast, and higher eukaryotes function in D recombination as higher-order oligomers assembled on tracts of cl single-strand DNA (ssDNA). Biochemical studies have shown that cc assembly of recombinase involves accessory factors. These studies n( have identified a class of proteins, called recombination mediator fo proteins, that act by promoting assembly of recombinase on ssDNA m tracts that are bound by ssDNA-binding protein (ssb). In the in absence of mediators, ssb inhibits recombination reactions by competing with recombinase for DNA-binding sites. Here we Ac briefly review mediated recombinase assembly and present results bi of new in vivo experiments. Immuno-double-staining experiments D in Saccharomyces cerevisiae suggest that Rad51, the eukaryotic fa recombinase, can assemble at or near sites containing ssb (replidi cation protein A, RPA) during the response to DNA damage, se consistent with a need for mediator activity. Correspondingly, th mediator gene mutants display defects in Rad51 assembly after A DNA damage and during meiosis, although the requirements for ss assembly are distinct in the two cases. In meiosis, both Rad52 and w Rad55/57 are required, whereas either Rad52 or Rad55/57 is th sufficient to promote assembly of Rad51 in irradiated mitotic cells. Rad52 promotes normal amounts of Rad51 assembly in the absence in of Rad55 at 30?C but not 20?C, accounting for the cold sensitivity do of rad55 null mutants. Finally, we show that assembly of Rad51 is 1( induced by radiation during S phase but not during G1, consistent S' with the role of Rad51 in repairing the spontaneous damage that R occurs during DNA replication. ne af H omologous recombination reactions promote repair of (1 DNA ends formed by double-strand breaks (DSBs) and by ca replication fork collapse. Recombinational repair also allows cc cells to replicate past DNA lesions that block the progress of lo DNA polymerase. In phage T4, recombination is critical for initiating replication. In eukaryotes, homologous recombination th is critical for accurate reductional segregation of chromosomes (1 during meiosis. Finally, in prokaryotes, recombination allows or horizontal transfer of alleles among and between bacteria and of phage. re At the center of homologous recombination are the recomac binases, proteins that promote the formation of eteroduplex n( DNA. Of particular imp rtance are the recombinases of the to RecA family, including RecA in eubacte ia, RadA in archea, ot ad51 and Dmcl in eukaryea, a d the bacteriophage T4 UvsX af protein. th fo


VACCINES THEN AND NOW Vaccines save between 2 million and 6 million lives each year, but 1.5 million more lives could be saved. The greatest barrier is vaccine hesitancy, defined by the World Health Organization as reluctance to vaccinate related to fears about vaccine safety, and despite reassurances from providers and public health. Vaccine hesitancy and refusal are particularly problematic in high-income countries and may be related to increased access to misinformation regarding vaccine safety via the media and internet. Political, cultural, and social factors also drive hesitancy and refusal, and there may be an even deeper issue here, a breakdown in trust between society and the healthcare system. Vaccine development in the 20th century has reduced morbidity, mortality, and outbreaks for children and adults. Despite this evidence, vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) are increasing related to low and decreasing vaccination rates. Nearly 1 in 8 children in the United States younger than 2 years is not vaccinated, and the number of parents requesting vaccine exception is rising. The current continuum could be described as the many who accept vaccines and those who absolutely reject all vaccines and the vaccine-hesitant pathway between these two positions. Resistance to vaccines is not new. Mandated smallpox vaccines were perceived as a violation of liberty in 1850


In modern society, scientific and technical innovation becomes the first value creativity, which has formed the modern value creation pattern. Modern value creation pattern dominated by scientific and technical innovation has a new structure and feature which is different from traditional theory of labor value.


We have performed an ab initio study of the energetics, structural, electronic, and optical properties of the CH4-doped ultrathin 4 Å and large diameter carbon nanotubes (CNTs). No adsorption of the CH4 molecule has been seen either on the groove or on the interstitial sites of the achiral 4 Å nanoropes. In the case of weakly bonded systems such as the adsorption of the CH4 molecules on the nanotubes, a prominent role of the dispersion forces in the binding is observed. The negative contribution of the zero point vibrational energy to the binding energy is seen to be appreciable. The effects of the tube diameter and the different chiralities of the carbon nanotubes on the adsorbate-induced physical properties have been investigated. In the large diameter tubes, the binding of the CH4 molecule in the endohedral adsorption is much stronger than that in the exohedral adsorption. The binding of the CH4 molecules depends upon the chirality of the nanotube and we find no adsorption on the chiral (4, 2) tube. We find that the local density approximation (LDA) over-binds the CH4 molecule and the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) under-binds it, and for a reliable theoretical estimate one should take some weighted average of the binding energies (BEs) determined in the LDA and the GGA. The currently calculated BE and the adsorbate concentration are in reasonable agreement with the measured data available for the (10, 10) nanotubes. The electronic structure of the pristine tube is quite altered by the adsorption of the CH4 molecule on the surface of the tube because of the breaking of the symmetry of the host lattice except the chiral (4, 2) tube, which has practically no symmetry. The adsorption incurs splitting in the states in the whole energy range, especially in the large curvature 4 Å tubes. The bandgap of the semiconducting achiral zigzag nanotube is reduced, whereas that of a chiral semiconducting tube is enhanced, by the adsorption of the CH4 molecules. The adsorption of CH4 molecules does not alter significantly the peak structure in the optical absorption of the pristine tube, except for some changes in the energy locations and the relative intensities in the achiral tubes. Most of the calculated peaks in the optical absorption of the pristine large diameter (10, 0) and (10, 10) nanotubes have been observed in the experimental measurements.


The Waste Minimization Assessment Centers (WMACs) team at Colorado State University performed an assessment at a plant that manufactures screwdrivers-over 30 million/yr. Plastic handles are fabricated from virgin and recycled plastic beads. The team's report, detailing findings and recommendations, indicated that the waste stream generated in the greatest quantity is waste plastic and that significant cost savings could be realized by pelletizing the plastic scrap before its sale to a recycler.


Indigenous entrepreneurial ecosystem development is not addressed in research. We define and characterise Indigenous entrepreneurial ecosystems and their evolution based on a qualitative study comparing Indigenous entrepreneurship in Chile and in Aotearoa New Zealand. We draw on interviews with 10 Mapuche entrepreneurs in Araucanía and 10 Māori entrepreneurs in the Bay of Plenty, observation, and a literature review to address the question – how does an Indigenous entrepreneurial ecosystem develop along with the social, economic, and political development of mainstream society? We find that Indigenous entrepreneurial ecosystems evolve with the economic and social environments of their countries because of an internal imperative towards cultural continuity and the resilience of culture to change. We find that mature Indigenous entrepreneurial ecosystems are associated with higher states of development and support a broader range of business models. Implications for policy, practice, and research are discussed.


The diversification after Caliph Othm?n's murder during his caliphate has crucial importance for being the prelude of first political manifestation of Ahl al-Sunna which will be called later as the mass crowd (saw?d al-a?zam) of Islamic society. In this study, what has been examined is the transformation of early Othm?niyya which means "to believe that Othm?n was murdered outrageously and this must be avenged" to latter Othm?niyya which means "to believe that the caliphate of Ab? Bakr, Omar, Othman and Al? are valid and legitimate". This study, in which Othm?nis in primary cities of Islamic world and their thoughts attempted to be projected, concludes with the statement of Othm?niyya that J?hiz systematised. Hence the conception of Othm?niyya did not have the features to become an independent sect, it melted into Ahl al-Sunna and totally disappeared in the fourth century of Hegira.


Abstract : The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) share the responsibility of regulating dredged material management activities under the Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act (MPRSA), and the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972, also called the Clean Water Act (CWA). Such management activities must also comply with the applicable requirements of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). This document provides a consistent technical framework for USACE and USEPA personnel to follow in identifying environmentally acceptable alternatives for the management of dredged material. The framework presented herein is consistent with and meets the substantive and procedural requirements of NEPA, CWA, and MPRSA and is applicable to dredged material management alternatives. The technical guidance provided by other documents such as the MPRSA and CWA testing manuals should be applied within this framework. Application of this framework will enhance consistency and coordination in USACE/USEPA decision making in accordance with Federal environmental statutes regulating dredged material management.


Tirad, a metal machining company, plans to build a new hall as an extension of its operation. This paper deals predominantly with production flow analysis of present operation. The analysis draws upon literary study and the company's previous production experience. Possible placement of machines is suggested in the following part of the paper, based on the analysis and requirements of the company. The fundamental requirement is to separate roughing and finishing technological operations, moving the latter completely into the new hall. The deployment of machines is optimized with regard for materiál flow. The new hall's dimensions are outlined in a drawing. Three options of machine deployment are discussed. In conclusion, these options are compared to one another and also to the present state.


Economic globalization is not only a question of productive forces.As the principal part and the leading force of economic globalization,the international monopoly capital does dicide the characters of economic globalization:international monopoly capital's expansion in the world and grabing the maximum monopoly profits.


Formulas for Galerkin-Koornwinder (GK) approximations of delay differential equations are summarized. The functional analysis ingredients (semigroups, operators, etc.) are intentionally omitted to focus instead on the formulas required to perform GK approximations in practice.


In this paper, based on the traditional algorithm of TSK fuzzy reasoning model, a new fuzzy reasoning algorithm is proposed for two rules, two linguistic input variables and one output variable, in which the membership functions are Gaussian-type functions. By using neural network backpropagation algorithm, the parameters in the membership functions can be adjusted on-line without changing the rules. The proposed reasoning algorithm can overcome the weak firing or non-firing cases.


Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites (AMMCs) play a vital role in various industries, including aerospace, aviation, maritime, transportation, and automotive, owing to their remarkable mechanical strength, resistance to corrosion, and tribological performance. The age-hardening process for AA7075-based Metal Matrix Composites is essential to meet specific performance requirements, improve material properties (enhancing mechanical properties, tailoring material performance, improving wear resistance, reducing weight, enhancing corrosion resistance, extending service life), and enhancing the overall suitability of these materials for a wide range of demanding applications. The objective of this study is to improve the mechanical and tribological characteristics of AA7075-based composites by utilizing the age-hardening process, rather than introducing additional reinforcements to the base material. Aluminium Alloy 7075 (AA7075) is selected as the matrix material due to its significant need for improvement in mechanical, corrosion, and tribological properties. Nano zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) is chosen as the reinforcement to meet the property requirements of AA7075 for various applications The composites comprising AA7075 alloy and varying weight percentages of ZrO2 (x = 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20) are fabricated using the stir casting method. The fabricated composites are subjected to tensile strength and density tests to determine the optimal combination of AA7075-based composites by employing the Archimedes principle and a Universal Testing Machine, respectively. The manufactured AA7075-based composites were subjected to EDAX and SEM tests to determine the wt% presence of elements of reinforcement and matrix material by employing the S 3000 - HITACHI model. The stir-cast AA7075-based composites were further subjected to hardening under different conditions to enhance their required properties. Age hardening was performed with the help of a Muffle furnace. The input parameters for hardening were age-hardening temperature (200, 300, and 300 °C), hardening duration (90, 180, and 270 min), and cooling environments (Furnace, water, and atmosphere). The chosen response parameters were micro hardness and wear loss. The microhardness and wear resistance of these composites were assessed using a Vickers hardness tester and a Pin-on-Disc testing apparatus. The optimization was carried out using Grey Relational Analysis (GRA). The confirmation test was conducted to determine density, Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS), micro hardness, and wear loss. The AA7075/15 wt% ZrO2 composite exhibited a uniform distribution of zirconium dioxide in the AA7075 matrix material among the other manufactured composites. The AA7075/15 wt% ZrO2 exhibited higher density of 2.889 g cm−13 and UTS of 316 MPa than other combinations of AA7075 composite materials. Increasing the heating temperature and duration enhanced the micro hardness and wear resistance. Higher micro hardness and wear resistance were obtained with furnace cooling compared to other cooling environments. The optimized age-hardening process parameters are hardening temperature (400 °C), hardening duration (270 min), and cooling environment (Furnace cooling). The enhanced mechanical and tribological properties result from precipitate formation and density enhancement. The confirmation test for the combination specimen yielded higher density, UTS, micro hardness, and lower wear loss values, which are 2.896 g/cm3, 325 MPa, 138 HV, and 27 mg, respectively.


The world has noticed the economic achievements in China, and the size if the economy in this country has grown tremendously in the past years. Is China a country whose entrepreneurial framework conditions can cultivate the essential driving force required to keep its further economic development? This comparative research --conducted at a firm level --exposes empirical evidence that the entrepreneurship contextual conditions in Hebei, China are still not equivalent to that in Belgium, if the entrepreneurial behaviours within the enterprises from the two countries are compared along dimensions of innovativeness, proactive risk handling, and management professionalisation (3D of EO). Taking Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) model as a contextual framework, this research presents a number of determinants behind the inferior performance of the Hebei enterprises. Entrepreneurial orientation (EO) plays an important role in explaining the growth and development of firms (e.g., Covin & Slevin, 1988; Wiklund, 1998, Wiklund and Shepherd, 2005). In the past decades, much research has been done on the entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and firm growth and development (e.g., Miller, 1987; Stevenson, 1996; Richards & Barnett, 2004). Researchers make studies on entrepreneurial orientation (EO) on a basis of multiple dimensions, which mainly include innovativeness, risk-taking, and proactiveness (e.g., Lumpkin & Dess, 1996; 2005; Covin & Slevin, 1996; Miller & Friesen, 1986). Review of the current literature points out that, in the existing theory on entrepreneurship orientation, the main shortcomings consist in the ignorance of the entrepreneurial orientation towards management and towards proactive risk handling. Hence, modification of the current entrepreneurial orientation theory is a necessity, and can be accomplished by the proposal that entrepreneurial orientation can be explained along the dimensions of innovativeness, proactive risk handling, and management professionalisation. These three dimensions are the so-called 3D of EO (Zhan Juan & D. Deschoolmeester, 2003). Innovativeness is in this 3D of EO research defined as 'the propensity to engage in new idea generalization, experimentation and R&D activities by introducing new products, processes, degree of innovation, and entering of market'. (Zhan Jun & Deschoolmeester, 2003). Through the combination of the definitions of proactiveness and risk handling, proactive risk handling is defined as 'the readiness and preparedness in face of business risks or uncertainties while


A problem with the use of protective coatings occurs when structure life exceeds coating life and creates the need for recoating operations. It is important to use effective inspection and maintenance techniques to determine when and where repairs are needed. This article describes a maintenance program based on fluorescence and black light illumination to locate surface defects.


By analyzing the dust pollution status in main industries in China,it appears the trend of dust concentration; it generalizes the traditional theory and the equipment of the control for dust pollution, and introduces the latest measures and facilities for dust control.\;


This section focuses on the psychology of the examiners while examining the thesis of doctoral candidates, and also discuses the various aspects regarding the assessment factors for examining doctoral thesis.


It is common for genomic data analysis to use $p$-values from a large number of permutation tests. The multiplicity of tests may require very tiny $p$-values in order to reject any null hypotheses and the common practice of using randomly sampled permutations then becomes very expensive. We propose an inexpensive approximation to $p$-values for two sample linear test statistics, derived from Stolarsky's invariance principle. The method creates a geometrically derived set of approximate $p$-values for each hypothesis. The average of that set is used as a point estimate $\hat p$ and our generalization of the invariance principle allows us to compute the variance of the $p$-values in that set. We find that in cases where the point estimate is small the variance is a modest multiple of the square of the point estimate, yielding a relative error property similar to that of saddlepoint approximations. On a Parkinson's disease data set, the new approximation is faster and more accurate than the saddlepoint approximation. We also obtain a simple probabilistic explanation of Stolarsky's invariance principle.


Contents: Preface. A. Montagu, Animadversions on the Development of a Theory of Touch. T.B. Brazelton, Fetal Observations: Could They Relate to Another Modality, Such as Touch. M.H. Klaus, Touching During and After Childbirth. G.C. Anderson, Touch and the Kangaroo Care Method. E.Z. Tronick, Touch in Mother-Infant Interaction. S. Schanberg, The Genetic Basis for Touch Effects. M. Leon, Touch and Smell. S.J. Suomi, Touch and The Immune System in Rhesus Monkeys. T.M. Field, Infant Massage Therapy.


Objective Discuss the endangered status and conservation strategies of Protobothrops mangshanensis,a rare snake species endemic to China.Methods Based on the new data and information from journals,internet,and the authors' surveys,to analyze and discuss the distribution area,population density,endangered status and threats of P.mangshanensis.Results In recent ten years,the population size of P.mangshanensis keep a stable level,without significant increase or decrease.However,this endangered species is still suffering from the threat of illegal poaching,trade,habitat destruction and other factors.Conclusion To protect this rare snake species,P.mangshanensis should be listed in the state key protected wild animal list and the CITES(the convention on international trade in endangered species of wild fauna and flora) appendix II to enhance conservation level and control international commercial trade,carry out the ecological and biological research,set up captive breeding and reinforce wild populations through releasing captive populations.


By means of literature,and logic analysis method,interview method,a study is made of the " separation between teaching and testing " in teaching physical education under the club system in applied undergraduate colleges.First,an analysis is made of the pros and cons of " separation between teaching and testing " in teaching physical education under the club system in applied undergraduate colleges.Second,the corresponding implementation conditions and suggestions are proposed in this paper.


Phyllanchus emblica L.was used as material to extract efficiency antibacterial component with the different dissolvent.The certain concentration of alcohol was chosen as solvent extraction according to antibacterial effect,cost and toxic factors.The result of the extracting solvent,powder fineness,ratio of material to solvent,extracting temperature and time was got through single factor test.The extract concentration,temperature and time were analysed by orthogonal experiment,and results showed that the optimum extracting technology as follows:extracting solvent of 90% alcohol,extracting temperature of 50℃,and the extracting time of 4h.Under this condition,the antibacterial activity by extract acting on some sorts of bacterium was significantly enhanced,and the diameters of the bacteriostasis circles reached up to 16.9mm.


OH-VMS is a good non-intrusive spectral diagnosing method,will play an important role in the plasma diagnosis.CO+ is taken as an example to study the influence of the OH-VMS spectral intensity on the Penning discharging current and the partial gas pressure of the mixture which comprises minimal parent gas CO/CO2 and vast buffer gas helium.After optimized,some plasma parameters,e.g.the temperature,the electric field intensity in the positive column and ionization quantum efficiency of CO+ were determined.


Abstract A new guidance law utilizing variable structure control with finite time sliding sector is proposed. First, a finite time sliding sector is defined. The finite time sliding sector is a subset of state space in which the Lyapunov function candidate satisfies the finite time stability condition, in contrast to the commonly used notion of asymptotic stability in conventional sliding sector. Then, based on the finite time sliding sector, a sliding sector control law is designed to move the system state in to the sector in finite time. The target acceleration is considered as an uncertainty. The proposed sliding sector guidance law is derived by supposing the target acceleration upper bound can be estimated as a priori. Simulation results show that the new guidance law is highly effective.


Long ago has crude oil become an essential product for the healthy functioning of any industrialized economy. Some people even call it a lynchpin of the most developed countries in the world. It is indispensable for the functioning of the transportation system, it provides one of the most handy sources of energy, it is also used in the production process of plastics and petrochemicals. One may continue this list endlessly, what is known for sure is: if not oil, modern civilization would have looked and functioned in a completely different manner.


This study aimed to observe the effect of per injection and inhalation anesthesia to the concentration of local dog's haemoglobin. Experimental animals that used in this study were 6 local dogs aged about 4-5 months and weight of 5-6 kg. Dogs were divided into 2 groups, each group consisted of 3 dogs. First group was induced with halothane 3% and 1% for maintanance while second group was injected by ketamine 10 mg/kg BW and xylazin 1 mg/kg BW. The blood was collected in minute 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 from cephalica venous, haemoglobin was measured using Sahli method. The obtained data were analyzed using analysis of variance with split-plot pattern. The statistical data showed that there was significant difference (P 0.05) in observation period. In conclusion, the administration of inhalation anesthesia saver than injection anesthesia based on haemoglobin concentration.


Noha Abdel-Karim is nothing short of an inspiration. She earned her bachelor's and master's degrees in electrical engineering in electric power and computer control from the Arab Academy for Science and Technology (AAST) in Egypt before traveling to the United States to pursue her Ph.D. degree and a career in engineering and public policy, focusing on the electric power grid and energy systems.


The concept of measure density /i was introduced by R. C Buck in 1946. In this paper some further properties of /z are established. In [1] the concept of measure density of sets A C N = { 1 , 2 , . . . , n , . . . } is introduced. Denote by VQ the class of all sets A C N which are finite unions of arithmetic progressions, or which differ from these by finite sets (the empty set 0 belongs to VQ , too). If A = {an + b : n > 0, a, b £ N } , then we put A(.A) = £ and if A = A\ U A<i U • • • U Am where the sets Aj (j = 1,2,. . . , m) are mutually disjoint and of the previous form, then we put A(.A) = YlT=i ^(Aj) • For 0 w e put A(0) = O. The symbol AC B denotes that A C B holds if we omit a finite number of elements from A (i.e. AC B means that the set A \ B is finite). Then A = B means that the set (A \ B) U (B \ A) is finite. If A G V0 and B = A, then B belongs to VQ , too and we put A(B) = A(A). For S C N we define H*(S)= inf A(A). Aev0, SCA The number f**(S) is said to be the outer measure density of the set 5 . The function /z* : 2 N —• [0,1] has the following properties: a) /x*(0) = O b) If S C U7=1 Sj , then v*(S) < Z?=i f(Sj) Denote by V^ the class of all 5 C N which satisfy the following condition: l**(Z) = n*(Z nS) + tf{Z n S') for all Z C N (1) A M S S u b j e c t C l a s s i f i c a t i o n (1985): Primary 11B05 K e y w o r d s : Buck's measure density, Arithmetic progression


A new MOSFET model for analog circuits is presented. It allows analog circuit designers to obtain accurate simulation of Operational Amplifiers perormances (gain, offset, temperature and frequency behaviour). The continuity of the current and conductance is achieved between the linear and saturation regime. The weak avalanche effect is taken into account.


In Figure 6, p. 329, of Volume XII, the ordinates for carbon dioxide beginning at the base line are: grams 0.7 1.4 2.1 2.8 3.5 The excretion per minute before the beginning of work was 0.42 gram.


This study was conducted to evaluate the inclusion of two levels (2.5 e 5.0%) of dried yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and its by-products, disrupted yeast cells and yeast cell wall in diets for juveniles of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus). Production performance, body and plasmatic composition indexes were evaluated. Seven isoproteic (26% digestible protein) and isoenergetic (3.100 kcal digestible energy) diets were formulated containing increased levels of each ingredient. The diets were supplied for 86 days, "ad libitum". Yeast and by-products increase feed efficiency and protein use, when compared to the control diet. Carcass composition and plasmatic (glucose, cortisol, uric acid, urea and plasmatic protein) levels are not affected by the test ingredient supplementation.


SYNTHESIS 2004, No. 13, pp 2135–2152xx.xx.2004 Advanced online publication: 13.08.2004 DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-831166; Art ID: T03504SS © Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York Abstract: We prepared 69:31–11:89 mixtures of phosphonates 6b and 7b containing two phenoxy substituents, a CO2Et group, and 1 or 2 bromine atoms, respectively, at the interspersed methylene group. Deprotonating 64:36 mixtures of these reagents with NaH and adding a variety of aldehydes at 0 °C provided unsaturated abromoesters. Yields were typically 70–99% and E-selectivities (i.e. ester and b-substituent cis) 80:20–98:2. Similarly, we proceeded via the chlorinated phosphonate 49 to the unsaturated a-chloroester 51 with E:Z = 94:6 (80%).


Previous research has suggested that when high-performing teams are experiencing increased workload, they will adaptively shift from explicit to more implicit forms of coordination. This is thought to occur because the team members have shared mental models (SMMs) which allow them to anticipate one another's needs. However, it is currently not known how SMMs are related to implicit coordination. Much of the research on SMMs had focused on the actual level of sharedness and, to some degree, on the accuracy of each team member's model. However, to our knowledge, none has investigated the relationship between SMMs and implicit coordination. Furthermore, one line of research that has received very little attention is the notion of perceptions of sharedness. Must team members have an accurate perception of how well they share mental models in order to exploit them via implicit coordination? The purpose of this paper is to explore these fundamental questions that drive the process of implicit coordination.


With the increase in the use of the device with GPS capabilities, it is possible know the positions of mobile objects. This knowledge emerged into the location-based services (LBS) and applications such as navigational services, traffic management and location-based advertising. However, in the LBS, it is important to know approximate location of objects to operate. Therefore, the problem taken into consideration is predicting with a certain level of accuracy the next location of a moving object. More formally, the problem is constructing predictive model using the set of T-patterns (Trajectory Patterns) extracted from a database of trajectories. For solution, the key concept in the paper, a model proposed consists of combining extracted T-patterns into T-pattern Tree and predicting future location of a moving object from this Tree. Therefore, the paper proposes three different best matching methods to classify a new moving object. The validation methods used in the paper are evaluation and experimental anaylsis. First, an evaluation function for a best T-pattern set is presented in order to choose the best one for a good T-pattern Tree, and then experiment with a real dataset is done to show the quality of the approach. However, the assumption in the paper that people often follow the crowd and by having enough data, but algorithm still cannot detect many frequent people's behaviors that only have only have a few trajectories. The problem that is addressed in this paper is that constructing a flexible and empirically feasible pricing model for a parcel of real estate based on spatial (its location and closeness to a specific neighborhood) and spatiotemporal dependencies. Since existing models, indicator variable models, are not capable of providing an optimal solution to the problem due to the fact that large number of required temporal and spatial indicator variables required capturing, paper purposes a spatiotemporal model that assumes neighborhood properties have the same relation to the observations across the whole samples. Main contribution of this paper is that it presents a spatiotemporal model, a generalization of conventional hedonic regressions and the adjustment grid method, that falls under the very broad classification of spatiotemporal autoregressive (STAR) models. It follows a filtering approach to improve estimation of real estate prices efficiently. The efficiency of the purposed spatiotemporal model is showed by comparing the results of filtering approaches of indicator variable model and spatiotemporal model using data from Fairfax County, Virginia in estimation. Specifically, the R …


2D/9C together with 3C offset VSP project was carried out in the central part of Russian platform. Vibrosources with guided horizontal directivity were implemented for generation of differently polarized shear waves. Full-wave registration allowed receiving compression, converted and monotype shear waves data. 3C uphole survey was acquired for near-surface velocities investigation. All information was processed and interpreted together. Mid- to long-wavelength statics derived from monotype shear wave data dramatically simplified statics solution for converted waves data. Offset VSP allowed exact identification and tie evens of different wave types to a geological section. Structure details in target interval which are not visible on P wave data are observed on PS sections. Anomalous polarization of SH and SV waves indicated possible fractured zones within zone of interest. Integrated interpretation results allowed predicting presence of sand bodies and fractured objects in Vendian-Riphean deposits which can be productive for the given area.


The research characterizes a bibliographical study that has as objective to argue aspects related to the supervised curricular training. It dialogues with studies that relate it to the field of knowledge and analyzes investigative conceptions and trends in this context. It concludes that for the training to leverage a solid background not only of teachers-students but also students of other teachers, it needs to be anchored on a project to promote reflection on teaching activity and the training as part of teacher training, it can point meaningful learning, since that it has as reference the school in its possibilities and limitations, though without ignoring the exchange of experience and participation of all (pairs of school and university).


Development of efficient and well-controlled nonclassical photon sources is one of the keys in the quantum information and communication technology. We present our recent activities to develop advanced sources of photon pairs having controlled frequency correlation, by use of quasi-phase matching (QPM) and extended phase-matching (EPM). First, we present the generation of polarization and frequency entangled photons using QPM having two poling periods. We also demonstrate the photon pair generation with controlled frequency correlation and its application to making heralded single photons with intrinsically pure spectrotem-


Isolation control analysis was carried out for geodesic latticed shell in which all horizontal pin supports were changed as spring supports or damped spring supports.The differences of the vibration modes and the frequencies between uncontrolled and controlled structure were studied for analyzing the isolation mechanism of isolated geodesic latticed shell.The structural maximum horizontal displacement,the maximum horizontal displacement at isolators and maximum reactions at supports were calculated under frequent earthquakes and rare earthquakes,respectively.The results indicate that two kinds of isolation devices can control the reactions of geodesic latticed shell effectively.Damped spring supports can also reduce the displacements at those isolated supports significantly.


We briefly review the topic of AdS (in)stability, mainly focusing on a recently introduced analytic approach and its interplay with numerical results.


Abstract:  Background:  The susceptibility of porcine endothelial cells (pEC) to human natural killer (NK) cells is related to the failure of human major histocompatibility complex (MHC)‐specific killer inhibitory receptors to recognize porcine MHC class I molecules. The aims of this study were (i) to assess the protection of pEC against xenogeneic NK‐mediated cytotoxicity afforded by the stable expression of HLA‐E single chain trimers (SCT) composed of a canonical HLA‐E binding peptide antigen, VMAPRTLIL, the mature human β2‐microglobulin, and the mature HLA‐E heavy chain, and (ii) to test whether HLA‐E expression on pEC and porcine lymphoblastoid cells affects the adhesion of human NK cells.


The article examines the features of natural resources in the context of the dynamics of their development as of changing of types, internal features as of quality. The author shows that over time, the qualitative characteristics of the developed natural resources (first of all, subsoil minerals) are change - the developed long-term objects pass into the stage of declining productivity, while new objects become smaller and more complex from the point in terms of the application of previously obtained and implemented approaches. According to the author's opinion, which he develops and defends in this article, a distinctive featureof the modern stage of the development of mineral resources is a significant strengthening of the role of science and new knowledge and the growing dominance of an intensive way of solving emerging problems. This is reflected in the significant strengthening of scientific research and the growing role of high-tech service companies. At the same time, as a rule, these service companies are located in scientific and industrial centers and agglomerations located at a considerable distance from the places of development and extraction of minerals. The circumstances noted above determine and set new approaches to the spatial sideof interaction of the resource sector and the knowledge economy in modern conditions. The article presents examples of the creation and development of such approaches in various countries. At the same time, in the author's opinion, Russia is still largely implementing a model based on the use of previously tested (in other countries) technologies and an emphasis on the development of traditional facilities located in new, more remote areas.


There is no question but that Kenneth Burke transformed twentieth century scholarship in rhetorical studies—although too often scholars' emphasis on identification has led them to neglect other portions of the Burkean canon with important implications for the theory and criticism of rhetorical discourse. In this essay, therefore, I draw upon Burke's (ultimately unsuccessful) efforts to craft a follow-up to his groundbreaking volume A Rhetoric of Motives, and do so in order to focus specifically on his writings on catharsis. However, I do so not in order to provide a definitive account of this stage of Burke's career, nor of his unfinished project on poetics (whatever that might be), but to instead engage a difficult question raised by these writings: are the rhetorical dimensions of catharsis necessarily restricted to the transformation of strictly civic motives? Might, in other words, catharsis act instead upon the troubling byproducts of our existence as "bodies that learn language"—the byproducts that drive our (human) rhetorical existence? In the conclusion of the essay, I flesh out this question through the creation of a "perspective by incongruity"— a juxtaposition between Burke's writings on catharsis and Anne Carson's innovative volume of Greek tragedy combining works by Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides, An Oresteia. Ultimately, I argue, this planned incongruity might help us complete Burke's account of catharsis, and to thereby outline a kind of pollution and cleansing of vital importance to the study of human social life, in all its vital manifestations.


The term "Treaty Override" means that domestic laws of a certain country overrule provisions of a treaty or of all treaties that are effective in that country. Treaty Override was enacted in the U.S. Internal Revenue Code several times. The provision of Treaty Override in the U.S. Internal Revenue Code adopts a position of the Supreme Court of the United States that, in the event a law provision conflicts with an existing treaty, a court should adopt the law provision as a prevailing rule for a trial. The first precedent by the Supreme Court of the United States ruling that a law provision supercedes an existing treaty is the Cherokee Tobacco decision. However, before that ruling, the Taylor v. Morton ruling provided a theoretical basis for Treaty Override. The focal point is that whether or not a law provision supercedes a existing treaty is beyond the jurisdiction of the judicial branch. This basis was also acknowledged in the Cherokee Tobacco ruling and other rulings in the 1880s. Rulings in the 1880s, like the Taylor v. Morton ruling, did not actively make a decision regarding the intention of the U.S. Congress. That appears to be because such rulings followed suit with the Taylor v. Morton ruling rather than with the Cherokee Tobacco ruling. However, the Cherokee Tobacco ruling still has significant meaning since it made the Congress' intention to overrule existing treaties by an enactment of a law provision be a requirement for Treaty Override.


In no field does orthodoxy seem to last less long than in development economics. Today's general strategy for economic growth becomes tomorrow's barrier. A factor considered crucial in one schema becomes a highly dependent variable in another. Often the whole strategy is premised on a tautology: to develop economically, a nation must develop economically. The attempts to discover basic psychological sources of the process, such as motivational patterns in a society, have pushed the answers back to deviant minority groups and the leit-motif's of children's fairy tales. 1 For the economic strategist in a lowincome country, these latter studies, while important and interesting, are as useful in guiding his investment decisions as the studies by Max Weber.


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Hailed by experts for its topical breadth and "hands-on" format, this thorough and visually appealing guide uses a step-by-step approach to teach the basics of PC architecture--covering all x86 microprocessors from 8088 to the Pentium Pro.


HPIV measurements of a turbulent flow in a square duct are used for studying the 3-D geometric relations between SGS stresses, filtered strain-rates and vorticity. Conditional sampling is performed based on the strain-rate magnitude and SGS dissipation, including negative values. In regions of high dissipation, the flow is more likely to be in axisymmetric expansion with vorticity strongly aligned with the intermediate strain-rate eigendirection. The alignment between the most extensive SGS stress and the most compressive strain-rate (Tao et al 2000) varies with both the dissipation and strain-rate magnitude, with increased peak values of probability density function (pdf) of angles in regions of high dissipation and strain-rate magnitude. The relative orientation pdfs of the other eigendirections exhibit a more distinguishable bimodal behavior in regions of high dissipation and strain-rate magnitude. However the alignments still differ from eddy viscosity models. The paper also presents the alignment pdf between the measured stresses and model stresses by similarity SGS models. It is shown that the non-linear model (linearized similarity model) provides much better predictions of the alignment, a trend that persists in conditionally sampled data as well.


The purpose of the paper is to develop scientific and methodical approaches and proposals for improving the organization of marketing activity of the coal-mining enterprises of Ukraine in the conditions of instability in demand. Methodology. To achieve this goal used methods: statistical analysis, synthesis, comparison, structural and logical, expert evaluation, ranking. Results. Factors affecting the organization of the processes of sales activity of coal mining enterprises are revealed. Trends of the modern development of the domestic coal market in Ukraine are determined. The dynamics of marketing performance of coal mining enterprises is analysed. Proposals for improving the organization of marketing activity of the coal-mining enterprises are developed, principal among which are the formation and development of a system of contractual relationships with various categories of consumers of coal products; rationale for the creation of the syndicate as the organizational-economic mechanism of management of marketing activity of the coal-mining enterprises of various forms of ownership; formation of the methodical approach to the selection of an effective channel of coal sales; information support. Practical implications. The expected economic effect of the implementation of measures to improve the organization of marketing activity of the coal-mining enterprise is designed. It consists of cost savings on marketing by increasing the level of coherence between the enterprise and the loading and transport management at the conclusion of contracts for the provision of transport services; formation of optimal schedules of wagon movement; rational use of cars on duty; reducing maintenance time consumers of coal products. The introduction of a set of measures to improve the organization of marketing activity of enterprise through improving a service of various categories of consumers and improve the contractual relationships will contribute to the formation of evidence-based marketing strategy that will meet the requirements of modern management. Value/originality. The main idea of the study is to develop theoretical and scientific-methodical provisions and develop practical recommendations to improve the organization of marketing activity of the coal-mining enterprises of Ukraine.