Transport and deposition behavior of mineral particles driven by hydrothermal plumes along mid‐ocean ridges is one of the least understood processes in geoscience. We reveal the mechanism and three typical transport patterns of particles emitted from submarine vents and subsequently laden by plumes in the stratified deep ocean with or without crossflows, that is, suspension, near‐vent deposition, and long‐distance transport, by developing a Lagrangian model coupled with a computational fluid dynamics model and using in situ measurements as model inputs. The particle trajectories suggest a general expression that predicts a linear variation of deposition location with the reciprocal of settling velocity, which potentially leads to a power law distribution of sediment mass along the radial direction. Our findings provide a new perspective on the accumulation of sediments near hydrothermal vents, indicating a critical role of the entrainment of plumes and consequent vortex systems in controlling deposition flux.


Atom-based detection of microwave fields provides advantages for SI-traceable measurements, sub-wavelength resolution, accuracy, precision and long-term reproducible operation comparing to the traditional technology with an antenna and a solid-state detector. The microwave (MW) electrometry, based on optical spectroscopy of atomic Rydberg states in a vapor cell [1], gained recent interest for technological development of compact devices for electric field sensing and imaging. This contribution proposes a new approach towards terahertz (THz) electrometry by precision infrared spectroscopy of cold trapped HD+ ions.


ASADENA City College stum bled onto "New Careers" quite serendipitously. We started out doing our own thing only to discover that it was "New Careers." It all began in the fall of 1965 with a concerned faculty member's recommendation (mine!) that a community development cur riculum be included in the 1966-67 catalog. At that time and for that matter, it is still true community development was five or six disciplines searching for an identity. Spinning off from the behavioral and social sciences including the gloomy one, economics, community development sought to be the science of social change. The Watts disturbances had just made social change a grim reality. The new discipline suggested one way a community college might go in efforts to cope with the urban crisis. As a modus operandi, community devel opment had yet another appeal. It lent itself to the educational theory that the way to train for work in the community is through community involvement. The proposed curriculum was designed around four semesters of community experi ence, for which academic credit would be granted. Community experience would serve a dual purpose: it would provide the basic training tool, and it would give immediate relevancy to newly designed, and to-be-de signed, job-related theory courses. After four semesters of work-study classes, plus required general education, students would qualify for the AA degree and for employment as middlelevel human service technicians in health, education, welfare, and community action. In common with other curricula, its focus was on preservice training. The employment goal categorized the curriculum as voca tional/occupational. By the time the curriculum was acti vated in the spring semester 1967, it was caught up in the momentum of antipoverty programs mandated to achieve maximum feasible participation by the poor. Right from the start, 85-90 percent of the students en rolled in the new work-study classes turned out to be a new kind of student: adult poor employed as nonprofessionals in antipoverty agencies. These new students were seeking the kind of career education they needed to climb the career ladders being conceptualized in task force reports and field-tested in fed erally funded pilot programs (for example, New Careers through the Scheuer Amend ment, Economic Opportunity Act). When it came to career education, nonprofessionals were, and still are, far ahead of their employing agencies. Such agencies have a long way to go before retooled pro fessionals and job redesign can make career


My life has mirrored the lives of those around me. I find myself becoming like the people I am exposed to. I imitate their actions and attitudes. I can, however, only rarely recall making a conscious decision to imitate or be like these people in any way. One of my teachers, I recall, was such a towering presence that he radically changed the direction of my life, although I was only dimly aware of his influence at the time. Only long after did I see his imprimatur on everything from my occupational decisions, my views about religion and spirituality, and my opinions about where to go for lunch. When I think about this influence, I wonder how it happened and whether it has, on the whole, been a good thing for me to have learned in this imitative way. This paper is, among other things, a very personal attempt to formulate questions about how I became who I am.


In recent years, secondary resources (slags, scraps, etc.) have become a very important source for all valuable metals like copper or zinc due to the depletion of high grade ores and increasing the demand of these metals. Copper is lost to slag between 4 and 8 wt. % during the copper converting process stage. Beside its theoretical consideration, characterization of the slag should be investigated to maximize the copper recovery via selection of suitable metallurgical process. Therefore, in this study, physical, chemical, mineralogical and thermal properties of the converter slag supplied from Eti Copper Co. was determined in detail by using several common techniques. Keywords—Converter Slag; Characterization; Thermal Analysis.


This study was performed to further reveal the reaction mechanism and kinetic characters of UV-Fenton process for the degradation of formaldehyde (HCHO) in a batch photochemical reactor. The concentration changes of hydrogen peroxide, ferrous ions, and the intermediate products were analyzed. Through comparing the rate constants (k) of H2O2 consumption and the variation of Fe2+ concentration in the UVH2O2, Fenton and UV-Fenton processes, it indicates that the Fe2+ and the UV light has a synergistic effect for the degradation of HCHO in the UV-Fenton system. The introduction of UV accelerates the reduction of Fe3+, and makes the cycle of iron obtain more paths. The products in the UV-Fenton reaction were analyzed by a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and a chemical oxygen demand analyzer. Based on the results, the reaction pathways of HCHO degradation in the UV-Fenton system were proposed. The rate constants of the two consecutive first-order reactions in the degradation of HCHO are respectively k1 = 0.543 min-1 and k2 = 0.045 min-1. The mineralizing of formic acid is the rate-controlled step of the reaction.


Background

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are heterogeneous with self-renewal and differentiation ability. The mRNA expression-based stemness index (mRNAsi) described the similarity between tumor cells and CSCs, which is positively associated with the poor prognosis of cancer patients. However, the key prognostic genes related to mRNAsi in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear.
Methods

In this study, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data of 374 liver HCC (LIHC) and 50 normal liver tissue samples were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, with the corresponding clinical phenotypes. Differential expression of genes between tumor and normal tissues were analyzed. Modules correlated to mRNAsi and hub genes were identified using the weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) package. Then, the prognostic genes associated with mRNAsi were identified. The expressions of the prognostic genes in HCC tissues were achieved by the human protein atlas (HPA) database. Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis of the prognostic genes were performed. Finally, the correlations between hub genes and clinical characteristics, immune subtypes, and tumor microenvironment were analyzed.
Results

A total of 1146 downregulated genes and 5593 upregulated genes were identified in LIHC, compared with normal tissues. A 9-gene signature related to mRNAsi and HCC prognosis including PSMG3, SNRPD1, DTYMK, PIGU, NME1, TXNL4A, IPO4, PES1, and REXO4 was obtained and their expressions were confirmed by the HPA database. High expression of this signature indicates poor prognosis of HCC. Among them, DTYMK and NME1 enriched in pyrimidine metabolism, SNRPD1 and TXNL4A enriched in spliceosome and PIGU enriched in glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor biosynthesis pathways. PIGU was an independent prognostic factor of HCC, which was significantly associated with clinical characteristics. High expression of the 9-gene signature was negatively correlated with the stromal cell infiltration, and positively correlated with specific immune subtypes-related to angiogenesis, M1/M2 macrophage polarization, and M2 response.
Conclusion

A 9-gene signature related to mRNAsi and poor prognosis in HCC were identified, which can be used as biomarkers for the diagnosis of HCC and functional mechanism exploration of CSCs in HCC.


Rigg, K.K., Kurtz, S.P., & Surratt, H.L. (2012). Patterns of prescription medication diversion among drug dealers. Drugs: Education, Prevention & Policy, 19, 145–155. Following the publication of this article, the authors would like to make a correction to this sentence in the introduction section on page 146: 'In fact, in a study that included 80% of all 11th graders in the state of Delaware, over 70% of the sample reported purchasing controlled medications from street dealers (Inciardi et al., 2009b).' The authors of the cited Inciardi et al. (2009b) study discovered a discrepancy in the numbers they reported and requested a correction be made to their study. The sentence on page 146 should therefore read as follows: 'In fact, in a recent study of Delaware 11th graders, among those who reported using prescription drugs illegally (20% of the sample), 45.4% reported dealers as a diversion source they would use.' The authors and publisher apologize for any confusion.


INtRoduCtIoN The retail sector is an important economic driver in most rural (non-metropolitan) New Mexico counties. The sector accounts for a significant portion (12–30%) of local jobs and personal income and is an important source of tax revenues (gross receipts tax and property tax) that fund county services (e.g., health, education, and public safety). When residents decide to shop outside their county for retail products they take sales revenues away from local businesses, thereby limiting their potential for growth and future contributions to the area economy. A number of factors determine whether residents shop at home or elsewhere, including satisfaction with the prices, variety, and quality of available retail products. Friendly, knowledgeable and helpful customer service is also important and can often offset higher prices. Local businesses must compete for the consumer's dollar. It is in the county's interest to promote and support efforts that strengthen the competitiveness of local businesses.


Nitrogen plasma was used to amino-func- tionalize polystyrene surfaces, which were further modi- fied via the selective introduction of polyamines suitable for the immobilization of biological compounds. This chemical modification was carried out using a multifunc- tional amine compound linked to glutaraldehyde, leading to the formation of hyperbranched structures at the sur- face. Up to three generations of branched polymers at the polystyrene (PS) surface were created by successive addi- tion of the functional compounds. Amine functions intro- duced at the surface were labeled with 2,3,4,5,6- pentafluorobenzaldehyde and analyzed by X-ray photo- electron spectroscopy (XPS), confirming the successful attachment of each generation of branching. Finally, bovine serum albumin and trypsin were immobilized on N2-plasma-treated PS modified with different amounts of branched graft polymer and found to remain bioactive after immobilization. V C 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl


This study investigated the regulatory effect of microRNA-203 on bone metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Quantitative real-time PCR was used to examine microRNA-203 in tissue specimens of bone metastasis of patients with NSCLC. In bone metastasis of patients with NSCLC, microRNA-203 expression was decreased, compared with control group. We also surveyed overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS), microRNA-203 high expression in bone metastasis of patients with NSCLC was higher than in those with microRNA-203 low expression. Furthermore, we overexpressed microRNA-203 with microRNA-203 mimics and observed the effects of microRNA-203 overexpression on cell proliferation, apoptosis and migration of NSCLC cells. We found that microRNA-203 overexpression reduced cell proliferation and migration, induced apoptosis, Bax, caspase-3 and p53 protein expressions, repressed p-SMAD2 and TGF-β1 protein expression of NSCLC cells. Knockdown of TGF-β1 by LY364947 (10 nM) reduced cell proliferation and migration, induced apoptosis, expression of Bax, caspase-3 and p53 protein and suppressed TGF-β1 and p-SMAD2 protein expression of NSCLC cells transfected with miR-124 mimics. In conclusion, our data suggest that microRNA-203/TGF-β/SMAD2 expression plays an important role as a tumor suppressor gene in bone metastasis of patients with NSCLC, and may reveal novel perspectives for clinical treatments against bone metastasis of patients with NSCLC.


is modeling natural environments, as such scenes contain a staggering amount of detail. Practical limitations on both time and storage make it impossible to describe scene elements such as grass in geometric detail. Texture maps can help, but they present their own burden in selection and management. Ideally, it should be equally easy to specify an object as " grass " or " mirror " or " plastic. " Thereafter, the object should exhibit the appropriate visual behavior with minimal human intervention. Observations Unlike most plants, which grow at their tops, grasses grow at the center of their base. Growth pushes older parts outward and upward. At maturity, they produce an upright central stalk. In images containing grasses, the green grass blades dominate the near field. The effect of individual grass blades can be seen from a moderate distance, as sunlight reflects off their relatively flat surfaces. As distance increases, the optical density created by sparse central stalks from plants and their taller blades becomes substantial. Previous Work Other researchers have developed methods for modeling grasses. Smith 1 presented a method called "graftals" for producing individual plants at varying resolutions using a formal grammar. Populating a terrain with such plants is tedious. Kajiya and Kay 2 constructed voxelizations of representative samples of 3D textures. These "Texels" are tiled over a surface. Some effort must be expended to blend the seams between voxels. Texels also tend to produce grid artifacts when rendered from a distance. Proper resolution for the voxels can be difficult to determine. Goldman 3 demonstrates optimizations for rendering fur to be viewed from a relatively large distance. The visual behavior of fur and grass are similar under these conditions Method The desire for vast tracts of grass, easily specified and self-animating, strongly suggests a procedural approach to modeling. In our model, the user specifies a volume to be occupied by the grass, a terrain grid cell size, and the mean and variance for the number of grass plants per cell. Grass plants in the volume are generated from a prototype as they are needed at rendering time. The prototype consists of a list of blades emanating from a single root. A blade is defined by a width and a number of linear leaf segments, each of which in turn consists of a vector, length, and surface normal. The central stalk is represented as a blade with minimal curvature …


We propose a photon-hole quantum nondemolition measurement system by electromagnetically-induced transparency. The photon-hole disrupts the destructive interference of electron transitions, resulting in drive photon absorption, while preserving the photon-hole state.


Most maternally administered chemicals have the potential to cross the placental barrier, and the question is not whether a chemical crosses the placenta, but the rate at which it does so. In this issue, Osamu Takahashi and Shinshi Oishi of the Tokyo Metropolitan Research Laboratory of Public Health present their findings that the placenta fails to act as a barrier to a potentially toxic compound, 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane, also known as bisphenol A or BPA [EHP 108:931–935]. The researchers found that BPA can be transferred across the placental barriers of female Fischer 344 rats to their fetuses. They also discovered that BPA is absorbed and distributed in maternal internal organs and fetuses extremely rapidly. BPA has been widely used in plastics manufacture and as a fungicide, antioxidant, flame retardant, rubber chemical, and polyvinyl chloride stabilizer. The estimated production of BPA in Japan in 1995 was about 260,000 tons. Release and migration of BPA from various resins and plastic products into the environment have been recognized; small amounts of the compound are detectable in river and tap water. BPA has not been found to be carcinogenic or teratogenic. At doses of 5.0–6.3 grams per kilogram per day (g/kg/day), it is nephrotoxic in mice. Doses of 400–1,000 milligrams (mg)/kg/day of BPA have produced estrogenic activity in immature rats or female mice whose ovaries have been surgically removed, and doses at 437–1,750 mg/kg/day have adversely affected the reproductive system and sperm production in male mice. However, although lower doses (2–400 micrograms [μg]/kg/day) of BPA administered into the uterus through the mother's circulation have been reported to affect reproductive organs in male offspring of mice and rats, scientists have to date been unable to reproduce these results, so such toxicity remains controversial. What impressed Takahashi and Oishi was the speed with which BPA was transferred from the pregnant rat dam to her fetuses. On day 18 of gestation, they administered 1 g/kg BPA dissolved in propylene glycol at 25% weight per volume. This dose is about onefourth the median lethal dose for rats. It took only 20 minutes for the BPA to attain its maximum concentrations in maternal blood, liver, and kidneys (these concentrations were 14.7, 171.0, and 36.2 μg/g, respectively). Likewise, in 20 minutes, BPA concentration in the fetuses reached its maximum at 9.22 μg/g. Six hours after administration of BPA, its concentrations in the maternal blood and organs and in the fetuses were reduced to 2–5% of maximum. In the view of the authors, the attainment of maximum concentrations of BPA in the mother rat and her fetuses suggests that BPA's absorption and distribution are extremely rapid and that the placenta does not act as a barrier to BPA. One factor that determines whether a compound is absorbed by the fetus are its lipophilic or hydrophilic properties—that is, whether it dissolves better in a lipid or in water. Compounds with a high octanol/water partition coefficient (Pow)—compounds that are more lipophilic—cross slowly; examples are pentachlorophenol and DDT, whose log Pow is 5.0–6.0 (such compounds, nevertheless, can be accumulated). By contrast, chemicals with a lower log Pow, such as diethylstilbestrol and salicylic acid, are more hydrophilic and they more easily cross the placenta; their log Pow may vary between -0.9 and 5.0. (The log Pow of BPA, which crosses the placenta so rapidly, is 3.3.) Takahashi and Oishi suggest that the speed and degree of transplacental absorption may be mediated by the lipophilic or hydrophilic properties of a chemical. In the case of BPA, because the placenta essentially presents no barrier, the compound was rapidly passed through and could show toxicologic effects; yet in this study it largely cleared after several hours. However, the BPA dose of 1 g/kg was quite high. When a dose of 0.1 g/kg BPA was administered, its concentrations in the mother and fetuses could be determined accurately only near peak levels. –Julian Josephson


INTRODUCTION Chemical shift-encoded techniques for quantitatively measuring the presence of fat have a number of important applications in MRI, including bone marrow, muscle, brain, liver and heart studies. However, inaccurate modeling of the acquired signal can result in significant bias in the estimates of fat amplitude or fat fraction. Specifically, modeling the T2* decay (or the decay rate R2*=1/T2*) of the signal has been shown to be necessary in order to avoid such bias [1]. In recent works, the possibility of modeling separate decay rates for water and fat has been proposed [2,3]. Even though the two-decay model is more accurate (potentially lower bias), it suffers from increased noise sensitivity (higher standard deviation) with respect to the one-decay model due to the need to estimate an additional nonlinear parameter. In this work, we analyze quantitatively the tradeoff between bias and standard deviation using simulation, phantom and in vivo data. METHODS Phantom construction: A water fat phantom was constructed by mixing water and oil in separate vials with fat fractions (%): 0, 10, 20,30,40,50,60,70,100, as described in [4,5]. Data acquisition: Phantom and in-vivo data were acquired using a spoiled GRE sequence with monopolar readout, 8 TEs with initial TE=1.43ms and TE spacing=2.23ms. The phantom acquisition was performed both with flip angle=8, TR=500ms (giving SNR≈30), and with flip angle==25, TR=2000ms (giving SNR≈90). Each type of acquisition was repeated 128 times to obtain "Monte-Carlo" measurements. Processing: The complex-valued data were processed by fitting (nonlinear least-squares) 0 4 8


The system of sea waterways, as defined in this article, consists of three subsystems: waterways, navigational, and traffic control. This author has defined a state vector for conditions of safe operation of ships on a waterway and described interrelations between parameters of sea waterway system and the state vector of safe ship operation conditions.


Objective To study the expression of platelet-derived growth factor-A (PDGF-A) in the hip capsule of children with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH).Methods The clinical data of 64 patients with DDH and 14 control children were retrospectively analyzed.Among them,8 pairs of DDH patients and their controls were chosen for this study.The tissues were collected during surgery.The PDGF-A in the hip capsule was detected using immunohistochemistry (SP method) staining.RT-PCR was used to study the mRNA expression of PDGF-A.Results High expression of PDGF-A was observed in the synovial layer with fibroblast regularly arranged parallel to the joint surface.PDGF-A expression was decreased in the fibrous layer of the hip capsule.The percentage of positive fibroblast and gray-scale density was significantly different in the fibrous layer of the DDH patients compared to controls (P<0.05).The mRNA expression of PDGF-A was also decreased in the DDH patients compared to the controls (P<0.01).Conclusions The decreased expression of PDGFA in the hip capsule may involve in the development of DDH.

Key words:
Hip dislocation,developmental; Joint laxity; Joint capsule; Platelet-derived growth factor


Generally the size of the power inverters is determined by its output LC filter since it is bulky. It can be made smaller using the higher switching frequency. However, in high-power inverters we can not increase the switching frequency due to switching losses limitations. Optimal PWM is the most efficient way to reduce THD while the switching frequency is low. The technique used in this paper is based on optimal PWM to remove low frequency harmonics up to 78th


The Bakers Digest, vol. 33, No. 4, Aug. 1959, pp. 48 to 51. Matz, Bakery Technology and Engineering, 2nd ed., 1972, Avi: Westport, Conn., pp. 149-153. Primary Examiner-Joseph Golian Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Thomas A. Marcoux; Thomas R. Savoie; Daniel J. Donovan (57) ABSTRACT A process is disclosed for producing a heat-stable, yeast fermented malt reaction flavor concentrate which is of low volatility. The process involves preparing a malt flour such that it has sufficient fermentable sugars, fer menting the malt flour with yeast at a temperature of from about 10° C. to about 60° C. for a period of time from to 6 hours and heating the fermented malt pro duced by the fermentation to inactive the yeast and develop flavors. The yeast fermented malt derived food flavorant may be incorporated into a foodstuff, prefera bly a ready-to-eat cereal or baked good at a level of from 0.3 to 5% by weight.


At this time, the advancement technology of computer science and telecommunications are developed highly and progressing rapidly. Data security is very important to maintain the important data content of the parties that can harm by destroying important data from the data owner. By improving data security, using a combination of algorithms, it can keep data security more secure than attacks that can harm the content of stored data, especially data in the form of document files and text messaging. The combination of algorithms used for data security used is caesare cipher algorithm and RSA algorithm. So by using a combination of caesar cipher algotitm and RSA algorithm, the security level of document files and text messages can be more awake the authenticity of the data.


Objective To summarize the effect and problems of application of clavicle hook plate treating the fracture of lateral end of clavicle (Neer type Ⅱ).Methods From may 2006 to may 2009,11 unstable fracture of the lateral end of the clavicle (Neer type Ⅱ) was treated as open reduction and internal fixation with clavicle hook plate Results 10 cases was followed up for 6~10 months,plate removal on an average of 6~8 months postoperation,1case the plate had unhooked from beneath the acromion,1 case got second fracture under plate because of second fall,all the patients got excellent shoulder function,all of them had no infection and un-union.Conclusion clavicle hook plate is a safe fixation for the lateral end of the clavicle (Neer type Ⅱ).


According to the current situation of traffic,people begin to apply new theories and technologies on the traffic control.This paper introduces the general situation and development trend on the city transportation system intelligence transportation system,makes a discussion on the last achievement in detail.It also introduces the future research direction and development policy on intelligent traffic system.It is very important to improve the control effect of the urban traffic control system.


Objectives The purpose of the present work was to characterize the pharmacological profile of different L. alba chemotypes and to correlate the obtained data to the presence of chemical constituents detected by phytochemical analysis.


Florence Nightingale once quoted from an address on education delivered at the Universities of St Andrew's and Glasgow, which perfectly reflected her own standpoint: '[…] education is to teach men not to know, but to do' (Nightingale, 1873, p. 576). It would seem fair to judge Florence Nightingale's contribution to education by the practical effect which her reforms had. A letter written to her by Benjamin Jowett should stand as her epitaph:


In this letter, a novel generative deterministic model (GDM) is proposed for the simulation of error processes encountered in digital mobile fading channels. The proposed GDM is simply a properly parameterized deterministic process followed by a threshold detector and two mappers. Simulation results show that this generative model enables us to match very closely any given error-free run distribution (EFRD) and error cluster distribution (ECD) of the underlying descriptive model.


Objective To study on systematic classification and experimental research on host animals of Paragonimus in Jiangxi Province.Methods Classification and definition of the 1st and 2nd intermediate host of Paragonimus were carried out by using morphological study.Detection of the diapause adolescent of Paragonimus in boar's organs,such as liver,was doen by using normal saline-releasing technique.By using Erinaceus europaeus and mice as animal models of Paragonimus experiment respectively,animal infection was performed with encysted metacercaria of Paragonimus orally in order to process the host conversion with direct and indirect paratenic transmission.Results We discovered and confirmed that there were 17 different species of 1st intermediate host of in Paragonimus Jiangxi,covering 2 families and 3 genera,and 23 different species of 2nd intermediate host,covering 1 order,1 family and 3 genera,15 of which were reported to be new species by the authors.Furthermore,a new genus of Jiangxi Huananpotamon was built up,based on the assumption that Wuyi mountain range is the developing centre of Huananpotamon,and tend to spread out towards Jiulian mountain of Nanling mountain range adjacent to Guangdong Province and Luoxiao mountain range next to Hunan Province.In addition,Jiangxi Province freshwater crab order was created at the end of research,as well as a complete classification and retrieval table of its order and genus.The authors also proved that the advantageous stocks of freshwater crabs carrying encysted metacercaria of Jiangxi Paragonimus westermani were Sinopotamon fukiense and S.wanzaiense.More importantly,research and analysis on zoogeography of Jiangxi freshwater crabs have been done,and geography division table of intermediate hosts of Jiangxi Paragonimus is completed.At last,this research has proved that Sus scrofa is the natural paratenic host of Jiangxi Paragonimus westermani,and Erinaceus europaeus is used to be the experimental paratenic host and animal model for Jiangxi Paragonimus westermani,for the first time.Conclusion There are many endemic areas of Paragonimus in Jiangxi Province,however,the distribution of Paragonimus has been gradually limiting to mountainous areas.Constitution and distribution of freshwater crabs have close relationship with altitude,terrain features,and movements of water in the area.Wild rodent animal may contribute to the maintenance and expansion of the endemic areas of Paragonimus.


Introduction Neurons expressing estrogen receptor (ER) α in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus sex-specifically control energy homeostasis and bone density. Females have more of these neurons than do males, but how this sex difference develops is unknown. Objective We tested the hypothesis that DNA methylation and/or demethylation control the development of a sex difference in ERα in the ARC. Methods ERα immunoreactive neurons were quantified at birth and at weaning in male, female and testosterone-treated female mice that received neonatal, intracerebroventricular injections of vehicle or zebularine, a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor. Methylation status of Esr1 was determined in the ARC and ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) using bisulfite conversion of DNA followed by pyrosequencing. Small interfering RNAs against ten-eleven translocases were used to examine effects of demethylation on ERα cell number. Results A sex difference in ERα cell number in the ARC, favoring females, developed between birth and weaning and was due to programming effects of testosterone. Zebularine treatment eliminated the sex difference in ERα in the ARC at weaning by decreasing ERα in females to male-like levels. Previously, the same treatment increased ERα in males in the VMH. A promoter region of Esr1 exhibited sex differences in opposite directions in percent of total methylation in the ARC (females > males) and VMH (males > females). Moreover, neonatal inhibition of demethylation increased ERα in the ARC of males. Conclusion DNA methylation and demethylation regulate ERα cell number in the ARC, and methyl marks may paradoxically activate Esr1 in this region.


Atopic dermatitis is frequently the first step of the atopic march. Frequency and severity of subsequent asthma are higher in children with severe cutaneous lesions and with IgE-dependent multiple sensitisations. Filaggrin null mutations and food allergy are associated with increased severity of asthma. It remains to be demonstrated that treatment of atopic dermatitis will reduce the risk of subsequent allergic asthma and rhinitis. # 2011 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.


Can I send my paper to you by email? Can you email me the paper for review? Authors and referees are increasingly asking these questions. So what are the options for accepting papers online and transferring them online to referees? A bit of background first, so you can see where I am coming from. I have worked as a production editor and so have first-hand experience of managing the peer-review process. For almost 5 years I have been working with a team of publishers to implement online peer review. Two of our consortium now have journals which are successfully implementing online peer review and 25% of their papers are currently received online. I am going to start by looking at what happens now, then I will suggest what processes might be affected and suggest what areas you might wish your supplier to clarify. Finally I will provide some basic information about the products currently on offer.


By combining and opposing his companion books The Call of the Wild and White Fang,the paper presents the view that the American novelist Jack London,in his White Fang,expresses his additional understanding of Darwin's theory of "survival of the fittest",i.e.survival of the fittest not only means the adaptation to the cruel competition for survival but also the adaptation to civilized life,in which love plays a crucial role.


Two mathematical and two computational theories from the field of human and animal learning are combined to produce a more general theory of adaptive behavior. The cornerstone of this theory is an evolutionary algorithm for reinforcement learning that instantiates the idea that behavior evolves in response to selection pressure from the environment in the form of reinforcement. The evolutionary reinforcement algorithm, along with its associated equilibrium theory, are combined with a mathematical theory of conditioned reinforcement and a computational theory of associative learning that together solve the problem of credit assignment in a biologically plausible way. The result is a biologically-inspired computational theory that enables an artificial organism to adapt continuously to changing environmental conditions and to generate adaptive state-action sequences.


Combinations therapy is often used in hypertensive patients whether combination therapy is necessary for preventing end‐organ damage is not known. The objective of this study was to determine in four different hypertensive animal models the necessity of adding the calcium channel blocker amlodipine to therapy with the ß‐blocker atenolol to modulate end‐organ damage. Spontaneously hypertensive rats, DOCA‐salt hypertensive rats, two‐kidney, one‐clip renovascular hypertensive rats and Lyon genetically hypertensive rats were used to study this objective. These animal models have different sensitivities to atenolol and amlodipine. The dosages of therapy employed were 10 mg/kg atenolol alone, 1 mg/kg amlodipine, 10 mg atenolol + 1 mg/kg amlodipine and 5 mg/kg atenolol+0.5 mg/kg amlodipine. BP was continuously recorded in all animals. After determination of baroreflex sensitivity, rats were sacrificed for end‐organ damage evaluation. The combination of amlodipine and atenolol had a synergistic inhibitory effect on blood pressure and blood pressure variability, and end‐organ damage as compared with monotherapy with atenolol or amlodipine in all animal models. Baroreflex sensitivity also improved with the combination therapy more than with monotherapy. In conclusion, atenolol and amlodipine combination exerts a superior effect on blood pressure, blood pressure variability, baroreflex sensitivity and end‐organ damage. The superior effect of the combination was observed in all four models of hypertension.


Background: Individualised mental health care involves a number of ideological assumptions which may conflict with the cultural needs of some service users. Collective mental health care offers an alternative care approach which could meet some of those needs, but remains politically unpopular. Aim: To explore the socio-political background of collective mental health approaches, and to explain the relative unpopularity of communalism in current UK mental health policy. Method: The paper presents an historical and theoretical analysis of collective mental health care which draws on a comprehensive literature review of the subject areas involved. It then uses a deductive argument to apply these propositions to the current UK mental health policy situation, and to suggest possible future developments. Conclusions: An underlying potential for increased collective mental health care provision within the UK system is suggested. This is indicated by (a) the current polarisation of official government policy and reported clinical practice, and (b) the number of overlapping group interests which may increasingly motivate policy change in this area. Declaration of interest: This research was partly sponsored by Tees and North East Yorkshire NHS Trust.


OBJECTIVE To study the phenotypic existence,genetic type and gene transfer of extended spectrum beta-lactamases(ESBLs) and AmpC beta-lactamase from Klebsiella pneumoniae and K.oxytoca. METHODS Disk confirmation test and 3-aminophenylboronic acid(APB) disk potentiation test were used to detect ESBLs and AmpC beta-lactamase.The genetic types of these two kinds of beta-lactamases were examined by gene chip technology and sequence analysis.The transfer of resistance genes was conducted by conjugation. RESULTS From 72 strains of K.pneumoniae and 20 strains of K.oxytoca which were not susceptible to cefoxitin,coexistence of AmpC(beta-lactamase) with ESBLs together was very common,accounted for 54.2% and 75.0%,single ESBLs accounted for 22.2% and 25.0%,respectively.There were 12.5% single AmpC in(K.pneumoniae).DHA type ampC gene and SHV type ESBLs gene were the main molecular types.These genes could be transferred from clinical isolates to recipient E.coli J53. CONCLUSIONS ESBLs as well as AmpC(beta-lactamase) are the most important resistance mechanism in K.pneumoniae and K.oxytoca.The resistance could be transferred through the bacterial conjugation.


Twelve soil profiles representing North-West of Dashlut area, Assiut, Egypt were selected and dug, and 43 soil samples were collected from these profiles to evaluate its productive capability and suitability for growing selected crops. The soils of this area had a coarse texture grades (sand, loamy sand, and sandy loam). Most of these soils were highly saline (ECe > 16 dS/m) and showed low values of organic matter and available NPK, some of these soils are considered as calcareous. Tow modern programs including the applied system of land evaluation (ASLE) and the microcomputer land evaluation information system (MicroLEIS) were applied to assess the capability of these soils and their suitability to grow selected crops. The results of land capability showed that the soils of the study area were poor (C4), very poor (C5), and non-agricultural (C6) using the ASLE program, while the MicroLEIS (Cervatana model) program pointed that soils had moderately (S3) and marginally (N1) capable grades. Moreover, using the ASLE program, the soils of the study area were highly suitable, suitable, moderately suitable, marginally suitable, and currently not suitable and permanently not suitable for 28 field and vegetable crops and fruits. The land suitability using MicroLEIS (Almagra model) program indicated that the soils of this area were moderately suitable, marginally suitable, and non-suitable for the selected crops due to one or more of the limiting factors. The geostatistics approach performed with ordinary kriging interpolation and semivariogram was applied to create a detailed and spatialized map for each soil parameter. Circular, J-Bessel, J-Bessel, and Stable geostatistical models were used to define the spatial variability of soil parameters based on RMS, MSE, and RMSSE. The main soil limitations of these soils were soil texture, soil salinity, and low soil fertility. However, these soil limitations are none permanent and can be improved through applying suited management practices.


Summary.This paper analyzes cartel stability when firms are farsighted. It studies a price leadership model á la D' Aspremont et al. (1983), where the dominant cartel acts as a leader by determining the market price, while the fringe behaves competitively. According to D' Aspremont et al. 's (1983) approach a cartel is stable if no firm has an incentive to either enter or exit the cartel. In deciding whether to deviate or not, a firm compares its status quo with the outcome its unilateral deviation induces. However, the firm fails to examine whether the induced outcome will indeed become the new status quo that will determine its profits. Although the firm anticipates the price adjustment following its deviation, it ignores the possibility that more firms may exit (or enter) the cartel. In other words, the firm does not consider the fact that the outcome immediately induced by its deviation may not be stable itself. We propose a notion of cartel stability that allows firms to fully foresee the result of their deviation. Our solution concept is built in the spirit of von Neumann and Morgenstern's (1944) stable set, while it modifies the dominance relation following Harsanyi's (1974) criticism. We show that there always exists a unique, non-empty set of stable cartels.


Gospel" (p. 195). While providing a useful summary, this section lacks the poetry and charm that characterises the rest of the work. The final words of the previous chapter will live more powerfully in the hearts of most readers: "Like the figures of old, the rejoicing disciples remain under a promise. It will be complete when the entire world has had a chance to know and live within the hospitality of God" (p. 193).


Abstract : Great Powers often adopt coercive strategies, threatening or using limited force to convince weak states to comply with their demands. While coercive strategies have succeeded in just over half of asymmetric crises since World War I, there remain a number of cases in which weak states have chosen to resist. With their tremendous military advantage, why is it that Great Powers so often fail to coerce weak states? While a high probability of victory in war gives them the leverage to make high level demands of a weak target, concession to such demands can threaten the very survival of the weaker state, its regime, or its regime leadership. Perceiving its survival to be threatened at any level, a target will likely resist, so long as it has the means to do so. Commitment problems have also been cited as an explanation for why states cannot reach peaceful agreements. Yet Great Powers have, in fact, largely been able to overcome commitment issues in asymmetric conflicts by forming coalitions, by involving third party Great Powers in negotiations, making incremental tit-for-tat concessions, and taking diplomatic measures to reduce the target's audience costs. Finally, externalities such as international norms against invading a sovereign state without first seeking resolution through the United Nations have increased the costs to a Great Power for employing a brute force war strategy. In such cases, in fact, a Great Power may first choose a coercive strategy designed to fail in order to obtain justification for its preferred strategy of war. To reach these conclusions, I introduce a game theoretic model for asymmetric coercion calculate equilibrium conditions, and formulate hypotheses for coercion failure based on survival and commitment issues.


Thermal decomposition of the diazonium sulfate derived from N-methyl-(1-phenyl-3-methylpyrazol-5-yl)-2-aminobenzamide afforded products formulated as 1-phenyl-3-methyl[2]benzopyrano[4,3-c]pyrazol-5-one (yield 10%), 1,4-dimethyl-3-phenylpyrazolo[3,4-c]isoquinolin-5-one (yield 10%), N-methyl-(1-phenyl-3-methylpyrazol-5-yl)-2-hydroxybenzamide (yield 8%) and 4′-hydroxy-2,3′-dimethyl-1′-phenylspiro[isoindoline-1,5′-[2]-pyrazolin]-3-one (yield 20%). Decomposition of the diazonium sulfate derived from N-methyl-(1,3-diphenylpyrazol-5-yl)-2-aminobenzamide gave products formulated as 7,9-dimethyldibenzo[e,g]pyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3]-diazocin-10-(9H)one (yield 8%), 4-methyl-1,3-diphenylpyrazolo[3,4-c]isoquinolin-5-one (yield 7%) and 4′-hydroxy-2-methyl-1′,3′-diphenylspiro[isoindoline-1,5′-[2]pyrazolin]3-one (yield 10%).

The spiro compounds 6a,b underwent thermal and acid-catalysed conversion into the hitherto unknown 2-benzopyrano[4,3-c]pyrazole ring system 7a,b in good yield. Analytical and spectral data are presented which supported the structures proposed.


A novel fiber-tip micro-cavity pressure sensor was fabricated by use of a fusion splicer and a pressurizing gas chamber. The fabrication process is simple and efficient without the need for careful cleaving, chemical etching, and bonding. Micro-cavities with wall thickness of a few micrometers demonstrated a pressure sensitivity of ~ 315 pm/MPa . The sensors have compact size, good mechanic strength, and high temperature stability up to 600°C, and may be potentially used for pressure sensing in a high-temperature environment.


The assay was aimed to establish high fat diet induced metabolic syndrome(MS)model in male SD rat of nutrition.Four weeks old male SD rats were randomly divided into experimental group(n=24)and control group(n=6).The control group was fed with normal diet and the experimental group was fed with high fat diet which was composed of normal diet,egg yolk and peanuts.Two weeks later,the obesity resistant rats were excluded from the experimental group.Weight,systolic blood pressure and Lee's index were observed after thirty-two weeks.After twelve hours fasted,made the OGTT.Then all rats were sacrificed and tested for total cholesterol(TC)and serum triglyceride(TG).The experimental group weighted(794.0±63.5)g and the control group weighted(571.8±61.9)g,and the weights of rats of experimental group were38.9% higher than that of control group.Lee's index of the experimental group was 343.0±8.7,while the control group was 319.2±7.1(P0.01).The levels of serum TC and TG of experimental group were extremely significantly higher than that of control group(P0.01).Systolic blood pressure of the experimental group was 140.0±15.4,while the control group was 117.9±11.4,differences comparison of systolic blood pressure between experimental group and control group were significant(P0.05).Insulin resistance of the experimental group was significantly(P0.05).This study showed that four weeks old male SD rats were fed with high fat diet which was composed of normal diet,egg yolk and peanuts for thirty-two weeks could successfully and stably established metabolic syndrome model.


The ascidian Phallusia nigra shows a large geographical distribution on the tropical belt over the world. It is a solitary benthic filter-feeder species, black color and so commonly founded attached on the natural and artificial reefs. It is sessile nature became this animal a suitable substratum to the development of symbiotic organisms as the amphipod L. wuriti. However, this relationship could bring some disadvantages to the tunicate, once the presence of the amphipod into the ascidian may block its food intake. The main purpose of this investigation is evaluating the effects of the presence of the L. wuriti on the biomass of the ascidian P. nigra in the southeastern Brazilian coast. Thirty ascidian were caught fouling on the wharf columns at Itagua beach,Ubatuba municipality, in the northeastern coast of Sao Paulo State (23°27'07.S  45°02'49.W). A total of 142 individuals of L. wuriti were obtained from the atrium and oral siphon of P. nigra , within average mean number of 4.96 ± 2.96 amphipods by tunicate. A positive association between ascidian biomass and amphipod biomass was verified, suggesting that the presence of amphipods inside ascidians seems cause no problems concerning to the food intake and growth for these tunicates.


he greatest challenge I have faced during my early teaching experiences has been learning the art of transformation and change. Stepping directly from the shoes of a student into the shoes of a teacher I realized that growth is not only adapting to change but also initiating change. At times, it was difficult, frustrating, humiliating, and discouraging; at other times, it was enlightening, energizing, enjoyable, and rewarding. I have much more to learn about the process of teaching. I have much more to learn about myself. -A beginning teacher


High-speed growth of single crystals of potassium biphtalate (PBP). Dependence of the growth rate on the faces on the dimension of the crystal and the supersaturation and the optical homogeneity of the crystals.


An 'hybrid' degradation setup, in which humidity, temperature and illumination are used in order to accelerate degradation of CIGS, has been developed. This setup consists of a climate chamber, which can vary the temperature and humidity. Furthermore, an area of 80x80 cm2 is illuminated, which allows both the study of light induced behvaior and the in-situ measurement of the IV curve of the cell during the test, so the degradation behavior can be observed in time. The IV output is automatically logged and characteristic parameters like efficiency, currents, voltages, ideality factor and resistance can be extracted. The 40x40 cm2 in the center of the illuminated area was calibrated BAA according to IEC norm 60904-9. Twelve cells or minimodules can be degraded and measured in-situ at the same time. The continuous in-situ IV measurements allowed us to do various studies, including the determination of the temperature dependency and of the impact of light and dark exposure on the performance of CIGS solar cells. Furthermore, the impact of different Na and K concentrations in the CIGS absorber layer on the ininial as well as long term performance of CIGS solar cells was studied.


This paper reports on the continuation of an initial study that demonstrated the effectiveness, as rated by experts, of an undergraduate training in breaking bad news (BBN) using simulated patient (SP) and individual feedback. The current study aimed to further explore whether such an individualized training approach also has positive effects from the perspective of the patient, using the analogue patient (AP) methodology.


This article describes the participation of the University and Hospitals of Geneva at the ImageCLEF 2006 image classication tasks (medical and non{medical). The techniques applied are based on classical tf/idf weightings of visual features as used in the GIFT (GNU Image Finding Tool) image retrieval engine. Based on the training data, features that appear in images of the same class are weighted higher than features appearing across many classes. These feature weights are added to the classical ft/idf weights, making it a mixture of weightings. Several weightings and learning approaches are applied as well as several quantisations of the features space with respect to grey levels. A surprisingly small number of grey levels leads to best results. Learning can improve the results only slightly and does not obtain as good results as classical image classication approaches. A combination of several classiers leads to best nal results, showing that the applied schemes have independent results. For future work it seems important to study in more detail the important features and feature groups as they are not independent in the GIFT system. Pre{treating of the images (background removal) or allowing for more variation of the images with respect to object size and position might be other approaches to further improve results.


The results of a repetitive load test conducted on a laboratory model to study the deterioration of connections designed to develop composite behavior in precast-decked steel bridges are presented. Two million sinusoidal load cycles at a frequency of 3.5 Hz at levels exceeding those of an equivalent HS 20-44 AASHTO truck were applied to a 1/3-scale laboratory model of a composite, precast-decked, simple-span bridge. Loads, deflections, strains, and relative deck-beam displacements were continuously monitored and recorded at several time windows. The dynamic measurements were approximated to the steady state response by curve-fitting 3.5 Hz sinusoidal wave functions from which the amplitudes of measurements were obtained. The amplitudes of deflections, composite moments of inertia of two sections, and relative deck displacements were analyzed and graphed versus the cycle number. A statistical test was conducted to establish the significance of the test results. The flexibility of the structure increased by less than 7%. The flexural properties of the two instrumented sections remained constant. The amplitude of relative deck-beam displacements remained negligible throughout the test. No evidence was found of any deterioration of the deck-beam interface connections.


Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function is tightly regulated by cytokine signaling. Although phospho‐flow cytometry allows us to study signaling in defined populations of cells, there has been tremendous hurdle to carry out this study in rare HSCs due to unrecoverable critical HSC markers, low HSC number, and poor cell recovery rate. Here, we overcame these difficulties and developed a "HSC phospho‐flow" method to analyze cytokine signaling in murine HSCs at the single‐cell level and compare HSC signaling profile to that of multipotent progenitors (MPPs), a cell type immediately downstream of HSCs, and commonly used Lin− cKit+ cells (LK cells, enriched for myeloid progenitors). We chose to study signaling evoked from three representative cytokines, stem cell factor (SCF) and thrombopoietin (TPO) that are essential for HSC function and granulocyte macrophage‐colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) that is dispensable for HSCs. HSCs display a distinct TPO and GM‐CSF signaling signature from MPPs and LK cells, which highly correlates with receptor surface expression. In contrast, although majority of LK cells express lower levels of cKit than HSCs and MPPs, SCF‐evoked ERK1/2 activation in LK cells shows a significantly increased magnitude for a prolonged period. These results suggest that specific cellular context plays a more important role than receptor surface expression in SCF signaling. Our study of HSC signaling at the homeostasis stage paves the way to investigate signaling changes in HSCs under conditions of stress, aging, and hematopoietic diseases. Stem Cells2012;30:1447–1514


and apparently composed of pleura which is thickened in that region. Through this clear area the details of the ribs and scapula can be made'out.; tllere is very little evidence of dMtail of 'the lung. Tlle lower margin is irregular and ill defined, and slhows strands of denser tissue with clear areas between. The general 'appearance is strongly suggestive of air in the pleural cavity. It has not tlle typical appearance of a large pneumothorax, and is more typical of gas within a distended' viscus. The nature of the appearances described was clearly indicated when an opaque meal was given to the patient and a series of radiograms composed. The wlhole of the meal was seen to be retained on the left side, extending from a sharply defined point at the level of the first lumbar vertebra, and extending upwards to a point at tlle level of the seventlh dorsal vertebra. The opaque shadow, with tlje gas-distended. space above it, occupied about ''to-thirds of the total thoracic space on the left' side. Above the shadow of the' opaque material in the viscus was a clear area, antl at a still hiigher level a dome-shaped structure representing the limitations of the above-described air space. This structure most probably consisted of tllickened pleura, and formed a limiting membrane for the herniated stomaclh. IThe x-ray examination with the opaque food showed clearly that the stomach was situated in tlle thoracic cavity; the irregularity of the diaphragm and the gas formation seen in tlhe earlier pictures are suggestive of tlhe diagnosis, but no positive opinion could be expressed nntil the stomach lhad been filled witlh the opaque food. It is interesting to note that later negatives showed that limitiug structure of tlle air space was capable of contracting to some extent upon the stomach, and -tlhis is shownby the negatives, in wllich the stomach is seen to contain less of thje food than in those of an earlier period.. The radiogramns taken on June 28th, 1921, after the patient had been operated upon, slhow a different appearance from those taken when he was first examined. The upper suilaces of thle diaplhragm are practically on the same level. On both sides of the chest thle lung detail is well seen; there is no sign of the gas, the heart now occupies a normal position, in strong contrast to tlhe position it assumed in the first pictures, in which it was displaced well over to the righ-t. The lungs show an increase of the root shadows, and there is evidence of enlarged glands at tlle roots with peribronchial thickening extending into the lung substance.


ARTICLE INFO A study was conducted to investigate the pathogenicity and the median lethal dose (LD50) of Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from clinically diseased catfish against apparently healthy homologous fish to evaluate the lethality of extra-cellular products (ECPs) of the isolated strain in vivo. For pathogenicity experiment, five different concentrations of Aeromonas hydrophila strain BNS 01614 including 3× 10 8 , 1.5 × 10 8 , 1.5 × 10 7 , 1.5 × 10 6 and 1.5 × 10 5 CFU/fish used via intra peritoneal. The results revealed that pathogenicity of BNS 01614 was confirmed by the mortality of 30 % to 100 % of all tested fish within 4 to 12 days with LD50 1.5 × 10 7 CFU/fish. The Concentrated extracellular products (ECPs) of the selected bacterium were prepared and confirmed to be toxic in Clarias garipineus with LC50 of 20μg. Article history:


On an infinite-dimensional torus , where is an infinite-dimensional real Banach space and is an abstract integer lattice, a special class of diffeomorphisms is considered. It consists of the maps equal to sums of invertible bounded linear operators preserving and -smooth periodic additives. Necessary and sufficient conditions ensuring that such maps are hyperbolic (that is, are Anosov diffeomorphisms) are obtained. Bibliography: 15 titles.


Aphasia is a language disorder caused by brain injury. This study aimed at describing how the pragmatic process and forms on words and language phonemes of those suffering from global aphasia. The study is qualitative research using case study approach. The primary data on this study were collected by purposive sampling whose subject was a global aphasia sufferer who had obtained language rehabilitation during one-year period. The secondary data were taken by using in-depth interview with the family, therapist, and subject's neighborhood. The data were analyzed by comparing the in-depth interview result and the field notes of research. The result showed that the individual with global aphasia still had pragmatic abilities, although s/he could produce meaningless words and sounds. In addition, the individual with global aphasia used gesture and intonation to help convey the idea of her/his utterence. The gestures and intonations performed by the individual with global aphasia were nodding and shaking head, and moving hands; while the forms of intonation changes were sudden change in intonation, imitating sounds, and whisper.


Carbostynls exhibit various biOlogical actJvities 1 . The present investigation reports the synthesis and reactions of some 4-phenoxymethylcarbostyrils (2). Anti-inflammatory activity of 2 has also been evaluated by the formalin in duced rat paw edema method 2.


From the effectiveness of research management,"Managerial Grid Theory"put forward five typical management modes.Being enlightended by this theory,university counselors also have thise five typical modes in Management education work to students.In this five typical modes of counselors,the most efficacious and perfect mode is the 9.9 type management style,the management of this style is caring for students' development wholeheartedly.Under the guidance of the 9.9type management theory,the counselor's working strategy is to grasp the regulation between"wide"and"strict",people first;Human-based management should pay attention to the combination of"love"and"reason",stick to the principles;Respect for individual differences,teach students in accordance of their aptitude;Strengthen construction of class culture,pay attention to all of students' growth.


One embodiment of the movement control method of a terminal of a communication system according to the present disclosure includes the steps of: receiving the cell-related information including a cell identifier (Cell Identifier) connection from a base station; Sensing a wireless LAN terminal of the surrounding; And a step of determining whether to perform connection to the WLAN is based on the detection of the cell-specific information. When following the embodiments of the present disclosure the 3GPP communication function and a same time equipped with a WiFi function at the user terminal, the user terminal as the user's location or settings, turn off the automatic wireless LAN according to a pattern or unnecessary battery by Kim consumed or degraded blocking, and can also connect to find a connectable wireless LAN beforehand.


ABSTRACT The addition of walnut leaf powder (WLP) at 0.2% and 0.5% as a natural antioxidant in salted pork meat patties during refrigerated storage for 15 days was investigated, and its efficiency was evaluated against butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Proximate composition, cooking yield, pH, total phenolic content, free radical scavenging activity, lipid peroxidation expressed as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and sensory analyses were conducted on manufactured patties. The pork patties containing 0.5% WLP had lower TBARS values and higher antioxidant activity compared to the BHT added and control samples during the 15 days of refrigerated storage. Addition of WLP significantly (P < .05) reduced lightness and redness but increased the hue angle of pork patties. In the sensory evaluation, WLP produced satisfactory results concerning the appearance, flavor and overall acceptability. The results indicated the potential of walnut leaf powder to retard lipid oxidation and to enhance the quality of cooked ground pork meat.


Extracted from text ... To the Editor - Aan die redakteur
Recovery of Sarcocystis oocysts from a free-ranging wild dog (Lycaon pictus)
A terminally-ill subadult female wild dog (Lycaon pictus) from
Madikwe Game Reserve, Northwest Province, was eutha-nased
for necropsy. A section of small intestine was submitted
for parasite recovery to the Department of Veterinary Tropical
Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria.
Scrapings of the intestinal mucosa revealed a few thin-walled,
sporulated oocysts and many free sporocysts, consistent with
a Sarcocystis species. Shortly after these had been found, a
positive diagnosis of rabies was made and all specimens were
destroyed, precluding ..


A 39and a 45-year-old woman both complained of a moderately firm mass in their left breasts. Physical examination disclosed an 11 mm and an 8 mm well-demarcated mass in the internal and external lower segment of their left breasts, respectively. Neither mass was demonstrated on mammography because of dense breast tissue in each of these patients. Ultrasonographically, both masses were hypoechoic with an irregular margin, suspicious of breast carcinoma. However, on dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, the tumors were round with a smooth margin and nonenhancing internal septations (Fig. 1a), showing a persistent enhancement pattern. On T2-weighted MRI with fat suppression, these breast tumors had intermediate signal intensity. These MRI findings suggested that the tumors were fibroadenomas. Core needle biopsy for the former patient and excisional biopsy for the latter patient were performed; both tumors were pathologically diagnosed as infiltrating lobular carcinomas (ILC). Partial mastectomy was performed for both patients and the tumors were confirmed as localized small ILC.


The Linowes Commission recommendation that penalties be imposed to improve record keeping and security at production sites on federal and Indian lands led to the Federal Oil and Gas Royalty Management Act. The author outlines the background and provisions of the act. Public hearings to receive comments raised concerns that the regulations exceeded congressional intent and were too inflexible. The Bureau of Land Management responded with modifications which help to clarify and simplify the regulations and to eliminate automatic penalties. The next step is for the states to respond to the proposed rules and procedures.


The Ministry of Environment has been seriously considering implementing TMDL(Total Maximum Daily Load) as a mandatory requirement on the Pal-Dang watershed due to the limited alleviation of the water pollution shown in the area and the inadequacy derived from being the only river among the other 3 rivers exempted from such system. The purpose of this paper is to analyze some of the ongoing problems associated with the TMDL and to suggest proper ways of implementing it after considering its adequacy in the implemented region. The TMDL seems appropriate and scientific at first. However, it has a great deal of systematic and technical problems to be solved prior to its implementation. From the technical point of view, insufficient data, reliability of contamination load, reduction of contaminated materials, effects of dam, limited model of water quality are some of the associated problems. Therefore, there would be more of loss than gain when TMDL becomes effective; consequently, it may lead to a policy failure and produce a heavy burden. For the management of the quality of the waterway of Han River, cooperation coming from the central and regional governments as well as effective policies for the adequate development of the upper and downstream of Han River should be preceded. For example, an average BOD per unit area should be set first. Any areas that exceed the limit should pay fines, and the areas without exceeding the limit should be given incentives or development rights accordingly. Moreover, the system of TMDL should be implemented for no other reasons but for the management of the quality of water only. It should be implemented only after resolving already existing institutional and technical problems, namely, easing up the development restrictions around the capital city as well as imposing and withdrawal of incentives. TMDL requires high social expenditure. Thus, this should not be a system built for the entire waterway. The watershed management should be implemented so as to foster the practical water quality management and save the expenses.


15 1 Department of Biology, Colby College, 5700 Mayflower Hill, Waterville, ME 04901 16 2 Department of Organismic & Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, 17 Cambridge, MA 02138 18 3 Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Avenue, 19 Cambridge, MA 02138 20 4  Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13123 E. 16th Ave., 21 B065, Aurora, CO 80045 22 5  School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 777 Atlantic 23 Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332


The effect of added nucleophiles on the hydrolysis reactions catalyzed by enzymes and proceeding via a covalent intermediate, the acylenzyme, could be interpreted in terms of competitive partitioning of the intermediate between water and nucleophilic reagent. The kinetic parameters should be differently affected according as the acylation or the deacylation is the limiting process. The nucleophilic competition is kinetically analysed and developed as a method for evaluating the kinetic rate constants of the elementary steps. A general scheme involving special binding sites of the enzyme for water and for nucleophilic analogs is proposed. Therefore, the apparent reactivity of the nucleophilic compounds compared to that of water is dependant not only on their intrinsic reactivity, but also on their relative affinities for the binding sites. It has been shown that the experimentally observed lack of saturating effect of the nucleophile is not in desagreement with the existence of such sites, if they are not independant: the water generally in excess compared to the nucleophile saturates its receptor site. The equations obtained according to this assumption are comparable with those derived by Bender from a kinetic scheme discussed in great detail in the present paper. However, when taking into account the existence of binding sites, it is necessary to use as a kinetic variable, the ratio [N]/[W], corresponding to the ratio of the nucleophilic reagent concentration to the water concentration, and not [N] only as in Bender's scheme. The significance of the experimental rate constants is also Werent since it involves the affinity of the binding site for the nucleophilic compound.

The choice of a nucleophilic reagent competing with water is discussed in relation to the possibility of denaturation effects and conformational changes introduced by the variation of the dielectric constant of the medium. The occurrence of such phenomena could interfere with the observation of the nucleophilic competition.

The effect of some alcohols on the tryptic hydrolysis of the following ester substrates: α-N- benzoyl-l-arginine ethyl ester, α-N-toluene-sulfonyl-l-arginine methyl ester, N-acetyl-l-phenyl- alanine methyl ester, l-lysine methyl and ethyl esters, is experimentally studied as an application. For α-N-benzoyl-l-arginine ethyl ester and α-N-toluene-sulfonyl-l-arginine methyl ester in presence of methanol, kcat, remains constant, but Km greatly increases. The increase of Km arises both from a change of the dielectric constant and from the nucleophilic competition. The tryptic hydrolysis of N-acetyl-l-phenylalanine methyl ester is inhibited by the presence of methanol. For this substrate the k4/k′a ratio corresponding to the deacylation rate constants by methanol and by water, is equal to 1.76. With l-lysine methyl and ethyl esters in presence of methanol and ethanol, both parameters Km, and kcat2 are modified. For these substrates, the acylation and deacylation rate constants are of the same order of magnitude. The k4/ka′ ratio has been found be equal to 2.05 for both substrates at pH 4.8, 25°, CaCl2 0.025 M. The kinetic parameters have been determined; k3′, the deacylation constant is (25.3 ± 2.1) sec−1 for both substrates, k2 is (108 ± 10) sec−1 for l-lysine methyl ester and (55.5 ± 5.6) sec−1 for l-lysine ethyl ester; K3, is 0.14 M and 0.15 M for l-lysine methyl and ethyl esters respectively. These kinetic parameters have been compared with the corresponding ones for α-N-benzoyl-l-argine ethyl ester and α-N-toluene-sulfonyl-l-arginine methyl ester. The presence of an α-NH3+ group on the substrate strongly affects the acylation step but remains quite ineffective on the deacylation one. The free energy corresponding to the transformation of the Michaelis complex into the acylenz yme is about −0.45 kcal/mole for l-lysine methyl ester and −0.6 kcal/mole for l-lysine ethyl ester. These values are compatible with the transfer of the acyl part of the substrate to the hydroxyl a serine residue.

In all cases, the variation of the experimental kinetic parameters with the [N]/[W] ratio and the independance of the deacylation rate constant of the water concentration [W], suggest the existence of a binding site for water and analogues in the acylenzyme. The generality for the existence of such a site in other hydrolytic enzymes is discussed.


This study presents the application of LabView in real time monitoring and control of transmission line. National Instrument Compact Reconfigurable i/o (cRIO) devices interfaced with computer can act as SCADA in the system. The cRIO can perform acquisition of voltage and current data with input modules and at the same time can transmit, process and display data and as well as retrieve historical data for studying. With recent technology advances the measurement and protection of power system has become much simpler and convenient.


Objectives: The present study was aimed to assess the severity of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs among 12–15-year-old schoolchildren in rural area of Namakkal district, Tamil Nadu, India, using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among a sample of 1078 schoolchildren (12–15 years of age) who were selected by two-stage cluster sampling technique. Severity of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs were assessed according to the DAI using a specially designed survey pro forma with the aid of the WHO's Oral Health Survey: Basic Methods. Based on the distribution of data, analysis of variance and unpaired student t-test were used. Results: Out of the total of 1078 children examined, 528 (49%) were males and 550 (57%) were females. The results indicate that 82.74% of the schoolchildren were found with little or no malocclusion requiring no orthodontic treatment. The gender-wise distribution of DAI score among children aged 12 years had significant difference between males (20.43 ± 3.67) and females (21.62 ± 4.335) (P = 0.015) and children aged 15 years also showed highly significant difference among gender (P = 0.000). Conclusion: Malocclusion not only impacts the appearance of the person but also affects the self-esteem and psychological well-being. This is the first step in understanding the treatment need so that further steps can be taken in preventive and interceptive care.


This manuscript reports on a long monitoring of evapotranspiration measurements obtained by different techniques. The topic is not novel, even if it benefits of the use of the lysimeter observations. To our knowledge, this study is the first presenting a multi-year comparison of EC and lysimeter measurements. The existing comparisons are strongly limited by the length of the analyzed time periods (generally not available beyond a few months). Here, we are in the rare situation of having both techniques (lysimeter and EC) operated in parallel at the same location over a multi-year time period. We are not aware of other studies having parallel measurements with these two techniques over such a long time period. This allows us to perform an unprecedented comparison between two well established techniques and shed light on the quality and reliability of monitored data based on these methods.


The thermal microenvironment and leaf temperatures of two plants (Saxifraga caespitosa and S. oppositifolia) were studied in a high arctic polar desert over four summers. Surface and plant temperatures exceeded air temperatures by 5 to 150C during sunny periods, with smaller effects on soil temperature in plant rooting zones. Midday plant temperatures of 20 to 300C measured during good weather are favorable for physiological activity, but the number of such days is restricted by a short snow-free period (16-45 d). Surfaces in polar deserts are dominated by sorted stones and bare mineral soil with sparse vascular plant cover (usually <5%). Infrequent snowflush sites are scattered within this landscape, containing greater plant cover and a cryptogamic crust on the mineral soil surfaces. The potential role of this black crust in facilitating greater plant cover by enhancing the thermal relations of plants was investigated in this cold environment. Reduced albedo of crusted surfaces led to higher surface (8-12'C) and soil (4-50C) temperatures than in noncrusted areas. However, adult plants did not differ in tissue temperature on cryptogamic and bare surfaces. Root growth and survival of seedlings, which were thermally coupled to the surface by their small mass, are more likely to be highly influenced by the presence of crusted surfaces in this high arctic polar desert ecosystem.


Background: The control of asthma is important to maintain normal activity. One of the key points in good asthma control is the management of exacerbations.

Aim: To characterize asthmatic patients with and without exacerbations (E).

Methods: Specially designed questionnaire was used to evaluate asthma patients from around 37 medical practices across the country. Inclusion criteria were >12 months from the first diagnosis of asthma and at least two visits for the last 12 months.

Results: The number of asthmatic patients who took part in the study was 540 with mean age of 52±14 and 161 (29.8%) men. Smokers were 30.7% with higher number in patients with E (p<0.05). Mean asthma duration was 14±10 years. From all patients 56% were exacerbators with at least one E in the last 12 months (44% had no E, 31.4% had 1 E and 24.6% had 2 or more E), 18.1% were hospitalized due to asthma E and 10.9% due to comorbidities (CM).

Patients with E more often had CM (89.7% vs. 79.1%, p<0.05) and arterial hypertension (50.5% vs 37.3%, p<0.05).

The patients with E had higher usage of SABA and leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRA) per month (p<0.05). Higher usage of SABA was also related with higher usage of theophylline (TEO). In the group of exacerbators patients with hospitalizations had increased usage of TEO and LTRA in comparison with non-hospitalized patients. All patients were treated with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) – alone or in combination with a long acting beta-2-agonist (LABA).

Conclusion: This National survey showed a high rate of asthma E and hospitalizations among patients on regular ICS/ICS+LABA treatment. Smoking and CM (especially arterial hypertension) turned out to be important contributing factors.


We present a set of 2D numerical simulations of mantle convection considering grain size evolution and a composite visco-plastic rheology including diffusion and dislocation creep. A 1D parameterization allows us to anticipate the stress conditions for the present-day temperature profile in a convection cell. We are therefore able to obtain self-consistent 2D convecion models together with non-equilibrium grain size for present-day conditions, controlling the partitioning between diffusion and dislocation creep.


In Optimality Theory it is possible to construct complex constraints from simpler elements. The question arises as to how far we can simplify the content of UG by decomposing complex constraints in this way. In this paper we argue that although the goal of a simple UG without overproliferation of constraints may be valid, it should not come at the expense of correct typological predictions. We show that incorrect cross-linguistic predictions are made if certain constraints are considered to be constructed from primitive elements. These incorrect predictions can be eliminated if we place certain restrictions on constraint conjunction and therefore must assume that the constraints in question are part of UG in their complex form. We will discuss the issues of the phonetic motivation for complex constraints and of distinguishing the universal from the language-specific.


Simple Summary Urbanization modifies the composition of all biological communities, including insect pollinator communities, but what is filtered out? To answer this question, we compared the pollinators and their morphological and behavioral characteristics between Paris green spaces and nearby rural grasslands. We monitored the pollinators foraging on identical plant plots in these two environments for two years, and from spring to fall. Pollinators in the city were relatively less diverse than their rural counterparts. They comprised fewer bees belonging to solitary or ground-nesting species, but the bees had a larger body size overall. These data add to the body of evidence of a filtering of pollinator communities by the urban environment, partly because the abundance and distribution of nesting and feeding resources are modified. Since the diversity of pollinators is important for plant pollination, such effects must be considered in order to preserve the insect pollinator community and maintain the pollination function despite the increasing urbanization of our landscapes. Abstract Even though urban green spaces may host a relatively high diversity of wild bees, urban environments impact the pollinator taxonomic and functional diversity in a way that is still misunderstood. Here, we provide an assessment of the taxonomic and functional composition of pollinator assemblages and their response to urbanization in the Paris region (France). We performed a spring-to-fall survey of insect pollinators in green spaces embedded in a dense urban matrix and in rural grasslands, using a plant setup standardized across sites and throughout the seasons. We compared pollinator species composition and the occurrence of bee functional traits over the two habitats. There was no difference in species richness between habitats, though urban assemblages were dominated by very abundant generalist species and displayed a lower evenness. They also included fewer brood parasitic, solitary or ground-nesting bees. Overall, bees tended to be larger in the city than in the semi-natural grasslands, and this trait exhibited seasonal variations. The urban environment filters out some life history traits of insect pollinators and alters their seasonal patterns, likely as a result of the fragmentation and scarcity of feeding and nesting resources. This could have repercussions on pollination networks and the efficiency of the pollination function.


Direct electron transfer (DET) between cellobiose dehydrogenase from Humicola insolens ascomycete (HiCDH) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was achieved by modifying AuNPs with a novel, positively charged thiol N‐(6‐mercapto)hexylpyridinium (MHP). The DET enabled the use of the HiCDH enzyme as an anodic biocatalyst in the design of a mediatorless carbohydrate/oxygen enzymatic fuel cell (EFC). A biocathode of the EFC was based on bilirubin oxidase from Myrothecium verrucaria (MvBOx) directly immobilised on the surface of AuNPs. The following parameters of the EFC based on Au/AuNP/MHP/HiCDH bioanode and Au/AuNP/MvBOx biocathode were obtained in quiescent air saturated PBS, pH 7.4, containing: (i) 5 mM glucose‐open‐circuit voltage (OCV) of 0.65 ± 0.011 V and the maximal power density of 4.77 ± 1.34 μW cm−2 at operating voltage of 0.50 V; or (ii) 10 mM lactose‐OCV of 0.67 ± 0.006 V and the maximal power density of 8.64 ± 1.91 μW cm−2 at operating voltage of 0.50 V. The half‐life operation times of the EFC were estimated to be at least 13 and 44 h in air saturated PBS containing 5 mM glucose and 10 mM lactose, respectively. Among advantages of HiCDH/MvBOx FCs are (i) simplified construction, (ii) relatively high power output with glucose as biofuel, and (iii) the absence of the inhibition of the HiCDH based bioanode by lactose, when compared with the best previously reported CDH based bioanode.


Experimental investigation of ultra-broadband simultaneous superluminal phase and group velocity in recently introduced epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) non-Foster metamaterial is reported. The phase and group velocities were extracted both from the measurements of scattering parameters in the frequency domain and the measurements of propagation time of broadband Gaussian pulse in time domain. Reported superluminal effects are extremely broadband (relative bandwidth of 180% (1:20)) and they are fundamentally different from widely reported narrowband experiments based on the anomalous dispersion. The phenomenon of simultaneous superluminal phase and group velocities may find applications in transformation electromagnetic devices and in communication systems.


In the near future, microgrids will become more prevalent as they play a critical role in integrating distributed renewable energy resources into the main grid. Nevertheless, renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind energy can be extremely volatile as they are weather dependent. These resources coupled with demand can lead to random variations on both the generation and load sides, thus complicating optimal energy management. In this article, a reinforcement learning approach has been proposed to deal with this non-stationary scenario, in which the energy management system (EMS) is modelled as a Markov decision process (MDP). A novel modification of the control problem has been presented that improves the use of energy stored in the battery such that the dynamic demand is not subjected to future high grid tariffs. A comprehensive reward function has also been developed which decreases infeasible action explorations thus improving the performance of the data-driven technique. A Q-learning algorithm is then proposed to minimize the operational cost of the microgrid under unknown future information. To assess the performance of the proposed EMS, a comparison study between a trading EMS model and a non-trading case is performed using a typical commercial load curve and PV profile over a 24-h horizon. Numerical simulation results indicate that the agent learns to select an optimized energy schedule that minimizes energy cost (cost of power purchased from the utility and battery wear cost) in all the studied cases. However, comparing the non-trading EMS to the trading EMS model operational costs, the latter one was found to decrease costs by 4.033% in summer season and 2.199% in winter season.


Radiotherapy (RT) is indispensable in the treatment of head Background: and neck cancer (HNC). Oral mucositis (OM) is a complication in HNC patients undergoing RT. This study aimed to identify the incidence, distribution of OM, and its effect on treatment breaks in a section of HNC in patients in Iraq. This is an observational, descriptive cross-sectional study. In Methods: total, 50 patients with primary HNC, treated with external beam RT, from 30th April to 10th September 2017 at Baghdad Radiation Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Center were included in the study. Cases of OM were graded according to the World Health Organization scale. 80% of patients were below 65 years, and the male/female ratio Results: was 2.6:1. Tumor sub-sites were nasopharynx (36%), larynx (22%), parotid (14%) and tongue (12%). 74% were smokers during or before starting RT. 86% were in stages III or IV. Incidence of OM was 72%; 16% grade I, 40% grade II, and 16% grade III. OM occurred in 93% females and 64% males, and 79% received concurrent regimens. OM occurred in HNC treated by RT, more in females, who Conclusions: received chemotherapy plus RT, and those with tumors of the oral cavity and nasopharynx. OM-related unplanned breaks may interrupt treatment schedule. HNC imposes a double burden in Iraq as it attacks a productive age group, and the vast majority of the patients included in this study were diagnosed in advanced stages.


A novel direction finding system based on radial-basis function neural network is proposed to solve the problem of direction of arrival estimation for an array with system errors(mutual coupling and mismatching).Through calibration of input data with direct data domain algorithm,the correct centers of radial-basis function can be obtained.Direction of arrival can be estimated without improving the radial-basis function neural network DOA estimation system.In order to reduce the dimension of input vectors,the symmetry property in the correlation matrix is utilized.Only the upper triangular half of the correlation matrix is used in processing.The specific steps are presented.The simulation results demonstrated that this DOA estimation system has very high precision.


A proposed theory for the development of bmmhial asthma suggests the presence of partial or complete blockage of the beta-adrenergic nervous sy~ tem. l~~ Evidence to support this hypothesis stems from observations that individuals with bronchial astbma have increased sensitivity to beta-adrenergic blocking agents, as well as specific pharmacologic, physiologic and biochemical alteration~.~-~ The present investigation was designed to assess lymphocyte beta-adrenergic receptors in asthma employing binding studies using labeled dihydroalprenolol (DHA).a-11 In addition, the effects of hydrocortisone on DHA binding was also investigated.


Based on 10 years of ethnographic fieldwork in Latino/a communities in northern Illinois, this article discusses violence and vengeance among mostly youths and gang members. Four points are made. First, violence and vengeance are attempts to establish order over escalating disorder. Vengeance often relies on a conviction regarding some higher moral order. Second, vengeance can operate as a kind of counter ideology when the values and beliefs of a legally based society seem hypocritical or unreliable. Third, when we consider vengeance as a kind of ideology, we acknowledge the power of language to create a sense of what is real. Moreover, we acknowledge that ideological language always hides something from view. In short, vengeance hides pain, fear, and other vulnerabilities that lie at the root of violence. Fourth, in acknowledging these roots, the possibility of another ideology begins to take shape, that is, trust.


20 T cells are crucial for efficient antigen-specific immune responses and thus their migration within the 21 body, to inflamed tissues from circulating blood or to secondary lymphoid organs, play a very critical 22 role. T cell extravasation in inflamed tissues depends on chemotactic cues and interaction between 23 endothelial adhesion molecules and cellular integrins. A migrating T cell is expected to sense diverse 24 external and membrane-intrinsic mechano-physical cues, but molecular mechanisms of such 25 mechanosensing in cell migration are not established. We explored if the professional 26 mechanosensor Piezo1 play any role during integrin-dependent chemotaxis of human T cells. We 27 found that deficiency of Piezo1 in human T cells interfered with integrin-dependent cellular motility 28 on ICAM-1-coated surface. Piezo1 recruitment at the leading edge of moving T cells is dependent on 29 and follows focal adhesion formation at the leading edge and local increase in membrane tension on 30 chemokine receptor activation. Piezo1 recruitment and activation, followed by calcium influx and 31 calpain activation, in turn are crucial for the integrin LFA-1 recruitment at the leading edge of the 32 chemotactic human T cells. Thus we find that Piezo1 activation in response to local mechanical cues 33 constitutes a membrane-intrinsic component of the 'outside-in' signaling in human T cells, migrating 34 in response to chemokines, that mediates integrin recruitment to the leading edge. 35


We are interested in multi-dimensional nonlinear scalar conservation laws forced by a multiplicative stochastic noise with a general time and space dependent flux-function. We address simultaneously theoretical and numerical issues in a general framework and consider a larger class of flux functions in comparison to the one in the literature. We establish existence and uniqueness of a stochastic entropy solution together with the convergence of a finite volume scheme. The novelty of this paper is the use of a numerical approximation (instead of a viscous one) in order to get, both, the existence and the uniqueness of solutions. The quantitative bounds in our uniqueness result constitute a preliminary step toward the establishment of strong error estimates. We also provide an [Formula: see text] stability result for the stochastic entropy solution.


This study examines executive compensation determinants in the U.S. banking industry. Multiple theories of executive pay are discussed and tested using a relatively homogenous sample. We perform an in-depth look at the corporate governance and ownership structure of the companies selected. We explore the simultaneous relationship between compensation, firm performance, and board strength, exploiting variables unique to the banking industry. Our primary finding is that after controlling for both regulatory oversight and external market discipline, a strong board is associated with higher firm performance and lower levels of executive pay, consistent with such a board of directors providing a strong monitoring function.


Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were maintained on synthetic diets for three weeks. One diet was deficient in thiamine and the other was a high thiamine (HT) diet that supplied an average daily intake of 2.0 mg of thiamine to each animal. Rats receiving the HT diet showed significant reductions in aniline, zoxazolamine and aminopyrine metabolic rates in vitro , whereas hexobarbital metabolic rate was not significantly altered. A reduction in hepatic microsomal cytochrome b 5 and cytochrome P-450 contents without a reduction in microsomal protein content was evident in rats fed the HT diet. As further evidence for this effect being in the microsomal fraction, increasing reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate levels in the incubation mixtures failed to increase metabolic rates; furthermore, the 105,000 x g liver supernatant from rats fed the thiamine-deficient diet did not enhance the metabolic rate of microsomes from rats fed the HT diet; nor did the supernatant from animals fed the HT diet depress the metabolic rate of microsomes from the deficient group. Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-cytochrome c reductase activity of microsomes from rats fed the HT diet was depressed.


ABSTRACT Today the world population is increasing at the most rapid rate ever. It is fore cast that by the year 2050, the world's population will double to nearly 12 billion people. In fact it has been estimated that the world will need to produce more than twice as much food during the next 45 years as was produced since the beginning of agriculture 10 000 years ago. The continuous development of wheat, barley and maize varieties and lines with improved qualities to feed the world next future is of great necessity. At least for the foreseeable future, plant breeding will play a primary role. Still yet the conventional cereal breeding focuses on the selection of superior progeny from segregating populations, and selection is mostly based on phenotypic characters. Despite the use of many statistical and genetic tools to reduce the environmental effect on the selection of appropriate genotype, there is a confounding impact of environmental factors on phenotype. Breeding new variety takes between 8 to 15–20 years and the release of an improved variety cannot be really guaranteed and depend on the choice of the best parental combination. Hence, breeders are extremely interested in new technologies that could make this procedure more efficient and reliable. Molecular marker technology and genetic engineering offer such a possibility by adopting a wide range of novel approaches to improving the efficiency of selection strategies in cereal breeding. This review aims at providing an overview of the state of art of the application of molecular marker techniques in molecular breeding of cereal crops and how this information could be used to increase the efficiency of plant breeding programs. It is also aimed to outline the recent developments of new improved varieties and lines by genetic engineering worldwide and in Bulgaria by the contribution of AgroBioInstitute.


▪ Abstract In France as elsewhere, anthropology developed as an autonomous discipline concerned with the study of faraway primitive or "exotic" societies, but it has shifted its purview, especially over the past several decades, to also include societies closer to home in both time and space. Consideration of the substantial literature produced over the past 30 years by French anthropologists conducting research in France illustrates the specificities of national disciplinary traditions in perceiving and meeting this challenge. Anthropology's position within the institutional framework of contemporary French academic and scholarly life, as well as the intellectual traditions that have been brought to bear on the ethnological study of France (especially the legacies of Durkheimian social thought and folklore studies) are shown to have helped shape both the production of anthropological knowledge of and in France and debates about its pertinence to the discipline's future.


Heliocephala vietnamensis sp. nov., a hyphomycetous fungus collected on decaying leaves of an unidentified plant, is described and illustrated. It is distinguished by determinate apical cluster of conidiogenous cells and obclavate to sub-navicular, 3-septate, pale brown conidia.


Considering the water shortage situation in North China,we used the CERES-wheat model to simulate potential productivity of rain-fed wheat in dry farmlands of North China,and analyzed temporal and spatial potential productivity distribution.The results show that average productivity potential of wheat in semi-humid zones is about 6 300 kg·hm-2,while it is about 3 000 kg·hm-2 in arid zones.Overall,productivity potential of rain-fed wheat is higher in semi-humid zones,with a potential productivity order as follows: semi-humiddrought semi-humidsemi-ariddrought semi-aridarid zones.Inter-annual fluctuation in productivity potential in semi-humid climate is significant,whereas that in arid climate is relatively stable.Productivity potential in the eastern regions of the climatic zones is higher than in the western regions,and that in the southern regions higher than in the northern regions in northern dry farmlands.Moreover,productivity potential of rain-fed winter-wheat is higher than that of rain-fed spring-wheat.