The present work is an attempt to propose some estimation procedures under sub sampling of nonrespondents technique which are competent enough to minimize the effect of non-response in two occasion successive sampling. Utilizing the information on a dynamic auxiliary variable on both occasions, exponential type estimators of current population mean have been proposed and their theoretical and empirical properties are examined. Empirical results are analyzed and suitable recommendations have been made.


Information hiding based on text has become the hottest and most discussed aspect of steganography in recent years, because it eases communication and consumes less memory compared to other types. The lack of redundant information in a text file makes it difficult to hide secret bits into a carrier message (CM) without being noticeable. Therefore, the total amount of hidden bits embeddable in a CM contributes immensely to the system efficiency. Today, individuals share information online with the fear that it could be destroyed by third parties. To achieve a structured text hiding system with high embedding capacity, imperceptibility, robustness and high security concurrently, securing sensitive data through encryption is not enough because attackers are able to suspect that a communication channel exist between the sender and the receiver. Therefore, this paper combines both steganography and cryptography to protect our shared information and to achieve a strong and highly secured non understandable text hiding system. We proposed a method which uses pairs of Zero Width Characters (ZWC) to represent each 4-bit binary classification which provides a high embedding capacity and reduces computational complexity than previous methods. The embedding is done by placing the invisible strings of the secret message (SM) into a single position of the open spaces in the CM which provides high invisibility compared to the reviewed methods. One Time Pad (OTP) and XOR bitwise encryption is used to encrypt the inverted message before the embedding process which provides end-to-end security to the system. The experiment shows that the proposed method provides a very high embedding capacity and high robustness than other literature reviewed.


Amin Aziznia, Pooya Hosseini Benhangi, Alexy Serov, Plamen Atanassov, Colin Oloman, Elӧd Gyenge a Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Clean Energy Research Center (CERC), The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3 b Center for Emerging Energy Technologies, Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, University of New Mexico, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA 87131


The theory and characteristics of superconducting magnetic separation purification technology which was used in a underground project for treating mine drainage water underground at Xiezhuang colliery were analyzed.The results show that superconducting magnetic separation purification could complete the process of micro flocculation and solid-liquid separation in a short time.In addition,the effluent SS was mainly less than 10mg/L and the removal rate of SS was greater than 95%.In contrast with the other technologies of coagulating sedimentation,the technology has the advantages of less land occupation and high treatment efficiency,but it has the disadvantages of high energy comsumption and much magnetic powder loss.The technology has some superiorities in the underground pretreatment process of mine drainage water.


The NRL electrical output charge storage tube differs from other types in that the reading time can be extended to hours or even days, yet the decay of the stored pattern is negligible. Electric charge storage with two stable equilibrium voltages makes this extended read time possible at a residual gas pressure as high as 4 \times 10^{-6} mm Hg. The capabilities of this device are illustrated by the fact that it has been used to capture a single frame of a television picture. The reproduced picture contained tones, four levels, at approximately 300 line resolution. The tube is constructed with two magnetically focused and deflected guns, one for writing and the other for reading. Therefore this tube is not well adapted to computer application because the registration between the guns is not exact. It can be used for scan conversion, for signal integration, for capturing single transients, and for temporary storage of patterns, for example, maps and math-function curves.


The resurgence of populism has presented a grave threat to democratic governance across the globe. Drawing on a cross‐national dataset of 155 countries from 1960 to 2020, we leverage the leadership turnovers within countries and use fixed effects models to estimate the effect of populist leadership on corruption. We find that populist leadership is associated with a substantial increase in executive corruption, but not other types of corruption. We also provide evidence that populist leaders are more likely to undermine judicial and legislative constraints, which in turn opens the door for massive executive corruption. We further show that whereas affluent resources exacerbate populist leaders' corruption, high‐quality bureaucracies, strong opposition parties, vigorous civil society organizations, and critical media work to mitigate the effect of populist leadership on corruption. This study contributes to the understanding of the nexus between populism and corruption and, more broadly, coping strategies for democratic backsliding.


In today, networks are becoming dangerous due to IP spoofing attacks. It is specially affecting in the wireless networks i.e. both in the ad hoc and sensor networks. There are various solutions available like cryptographic algorithms that can identify the transmitter but it requires complex key computations. In this paper we argue that it is possible to provide supporting strategies to traditional authentication that can identify device spoofing without any cryptographic algorithm. We propose the forge resistant relationship in the malicious attacks. We first propose an attack detector for spoofing that utilizes K-means cluster analysis. Next, we describe how we integrated our attack detector into a realtime indoor localization system, which is also capable of identify the positions of the attackers We then show that the location of attacker by using two methods i.e. area based localisation or point based localisation. We have done our experiments in both IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi networks as well as in the IEEE 802.15.4 Zigbee networks. After analysing our methods, it is possible to detect the spoofing with high detection probability and with low false error rate, thereby providing usefulness of K-means spoofing detector as well as the attacker localisation.


Patients with adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) are in a severely immunocompromised state. Therefore, it is assumed that ATLL cells either express particular cytokines or induce their expression in host immune cells, disrupting the balanced production of cytokines and causing the host's immune system to break down. We examined the levels of serum cytokines including T helper type 1‐ (Th1‐) associated cytokines [IFN‐γ, TNF‐α, and interleukin (IL)‐2], Th2‐associated cytokines (IL‐4, ‐5 and ‐6) and regulatory T cell‐associated cytokines (IL‐10 and TGF‐β1) in 94 ATLL patients, 39 asymptomatic human T‐cell lymphotropic virus type‐1 (HTLV‐1) carriers and 50 healthy adult volunteers, to clarify whether elevated levels of particular cytokines are associated with the prognosis of ATLL patients. On multivariate analysis, high IL‐5 and IL‐10 levels were independent and significant unfavorable prognostic factors among the ATLL patients. The IL‐10 level significantly increased with disease progression at each step from asymptomatic HTLV‐1 carrier to ATLL of the indolent variant (chronic and smoldering subtypes) to ATLL of the aggressive variant (acute and lymphoma subtypes). Furthermore, high IL‐10 was significantly associated with high lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), indicating that the IL‐10 level reflects the tumor burden. The IL‐5 level was not associated with disease progression nor LDH. Among ATLL patients with the aggressive variant, high IL‐5, but not high IL‐10, was an independent and significant unfavorable prognostic factor on multivariate analysis. Measurement of serum IL‐5 and IL‐10 levels is useful for predicting the prognosis and for determining a suitable treatment strategy for ATLL patients. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The study of social indicators is valuable for understanding the role that the social sciences play in the political arena. One common pattern is for a particular social indicator to become frozen in place once it takes on political significance, and this can result in ironic consequences. This study traces out the case of indicators of aggregate productivity trends in the United States. These measures were initially developed as part of an underconsumptionist argument that was linked to the political left, but there was considerable debate over different measurement schemes. Over time, one particular measure of trends in aggregate productivity became central for wage negotiations and for government policy. This created a context in which the slower rates of growth of this measure of productivity in the 1970s helped to validate the views of those on the political right who saw the need for greater restrictions on wage gains and government civilian spending. The paper raises questions about the value of this particular measure and ends by emphasizing the problems of locking in place an "objective" social indicator when the reality being measured is in continual flux.


The coffee production process carried out by the Sumber Kembang Farmers Group includes seeding to marketing products in the form of ready-to-eat ground coffee. Although this group of coffee farmers is considered to be quite good, there are still some weaknesses, namely the process of drying coffee beans is still done manually, namely drying in the sun. The manual drying process is highly dependent on land area, weather, and labor. Meanwhile, the coffee beans that have been harvested must be dried as soon as possible to maintain the quality of the coffee beans. In addition, farmer groups have not utilized information technology optimally. Therefore, this service activity was carried out with the aim of increasing the productivity of coffee farming through the design and training of Rotary Dryer and increasing sales of coffee products by expanding the reach of marketing through website creation. The implementation of socialization and training was aimed at members of the Sumber Kembang coffee farmer group located in Karangpring Village, Sukorambi District, Jember Regency. After further training, namely monitoring the results of service activities, this activity needs to be carried out to ensure that the application of technology is actually implemented by the Sumber Kembang farmer group. The method of activity applied in implementing this partnership program is the method of explaining the material about the application and benefits of rotary dryer using a power point, providing tools in the form of rotary dryer, and website training, after which monitoring is carried out. After the service activities have been carried out, farmers are able to operate rotary dryer and can increase market share thereby increasing consumer demand for coffee products from the Sumber Kembang farmer group. This is indicated by data on the increase in consumer demand for coffee products, which is above 25% for each type of product.


ABSTRACT Socio-emotional readiness for civic activities is necessary for young children emerging from their infant-toddler years. Cognitive skills and emotional regulation are essential to learning about one's society and one's role in society-at-large. When mothers and fathers are consistently emotionally present in the lives of their children, the children demonstrate prosocial outcomes in cognition, emotional regulation and social behaviors to promote socio-emotional readiness for civic activities or civic readiness. In particular, the presence of one's father satisfies affiliative needs as the father serves as more a socializer of child to society-at-large. Generative fathering emerges from the concept of "emotional paternity." When fathers (birth, childrearing or cultural) are physically and emotionally present in the lives of the children on a consistent basis, children are able to demonstrate prosocial outcomes such as higher cognition, increased emotional regulation and improved social behavior. The purpose of this article is to provide a conceptual model on the relationship between paternal engagement in child-focused activities and a young child's early presentation of prosocial behaviors that serve as building blocks to one's future civic engagement.


Starch-based foam plastic is an important biodegradable material,the methods of foam moulding and rheologi cal behavior are essential for the control of foaming expansion and the assessment of the properties of starch-based foam.Recent advances in foam moulding and rheological behavior of starch-based foam plastic were reviewed.


Monochromatic-wave seismic is considered being one of the directions of vibratory sweep signal seismic prospecting that has certain advantages if compared with the last one. These advantages are a possibility to choose the frequency of excited waves, the simplified construction of a vibrator, higher grouping efficiency and so on. Time compression of registered waves and their transformation into a sequence of pulses is carried out through staking of monofrequency waves performed in a running window, followed by predictive deconvolution filtering. The case studies and comparison against the standard method of vibratory seismic illustrate the capabilities of the technique in question.


The cardioprotective efficacy of the combined use of remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPreC) and remote ischaemic postconditioning (RIPostC) in experimental myocardial ischemia/reperfusion was studied in rats. Experimental myocardial ischemia/reperfusion was reproduced by a 30-minute occlusion of the left coronary artery followed by a period of 120-minute reperfusion. Remote ischemic conditioning was reproduced by short-term occlusion of both femoral arteries followed by reperfusion of the extremities beginning at the following time points: RIPreC– 25 minutes before the end of the myocardial ischemia period, RIPostC - 10 minutes after the end of the myocardial ischemia period, RIPreC + RIPostC– 25 minutes before the start and 10 minutes after the end of myocardial ischemia. It was shown that the combined use of RIPreC and RIPostC had a comparable cardioprotective effect in comparison with each of these methods taken separately. Possible reasons explaining the lack of potentiation of the cardioprotective effect of the combined use of RIPreC with RIPostC can presumably be attributed to: 1) achieving maximum cardioprotection, i.e. the impossibility to further reduce the area of myocardial ischemia, 2) the effect on similar intracellular cardioprotective mechanisms in different conditioning modes.


This third and final progress report traces developments in geography education in England from 2007 to 2012. I identify four recent education policy reforms introduced by the Coalition Government that impact on school and HE geography – international comparisons, core knowledge and the English baccalaureate (E-bac), teacher education and the A-level/HE interface – before focusing on each one in turn. The main themes to emerge from the analysis are: first, questions about using international comparison to inform national education policy change; and, second, the social divisiveness of increasing differentiation and selection in curriculum knowledge and subjects. The third theme is the predicted curtailment of theoretically informed, critical engagement with educational and, specifically, geographical issues by teachers following the introduction of 'on-the-job training'. Recent education policy reform has created an ever-growing level of control and regulation over school knowledge, the geography curriculum, students and teachers which will surely impact upon university geography education in the future.


This invention provides a sheet plasma film forming apparatus (100) comprising a pressure reducing container, a plasma gun (10), an anode (51), plasma fluidizing means, a sheet plasma deformation chamber (20) constituting a part of the pressure reducing container, a pair of permanent magnets (24A, 24B) for deformation to a sheet-shaped plasma, and a film forming chamber (30) constituting a part of the pressure reducing container. The pressure reducing container has first and second bottle neck parts (29, 39) constituting an opening of the film forming chamber (30) and is constructed as follows. The sheet-shaped plasma flows from the sheet plasma deformation chamber (20) into the film forming chamber (30) through the first bottle neck part (29). The sheet-shaped plasma flown into the film forming chamber (30) flows out to the anode (51) through the second bottle neck part (39). The inside dimension of the first and second bottle neck parts (29, 39) is made smaller than the inside dimension of the film forming chamber (30) in the thicknesswise direction of the sheet-shaped plasma.


LACINA LUBOR, VAVŘINA JAN: The impact of fi nancial and economic crisis on SME's in Greece and Ireland. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 2013, LXI, No. 4, pp. 1005– 1016 The impact of fi nancial and economic crisis infl uencing economic development in EU countries is analysed predominately on macroeconomic level. Major part of economic studies analyse the eff ect of crisis on both real and potential economic growth, unemployment, infl ation and debt dynamic. However the eff ects of the crisis are visible also at microeconomic level. The economic results of businesses are signifi cantly infl uenced by the negative macroeconomic development at both national and international level. Both decrease in potential growth and purchasing power due to economic recession and more restrictive fi scal policy have a direct impact on aggregate demand and thus the microeconomic sector as whole. Additional source of problems is connected with banking sector crisis and the access to fi nancing mainly for small and medium-sized enterprises (SME's). The aim of the paper is to fi ll the gap in economic research and to analyse the impact of the ongoing crisis on business entities in selected eurozone member countries. Authors selected two eurozone member countries from EU periphery (Greece and Ireland). Both countries are severely hit by economic crisis and authors suppose that also their business sector will be signifi cantly infl uenced. However author believes that the structural diff erences will lead over the time in faster recovery of Irish businesses in contrast to the Greek one. We create dataset using Amadeus database which contains the harmonized data about statistically signifi cant set of business in selected countries. Authors then sorting the data according selected variables such as size of the company, NACE categorization and comparative indicators of individual business economic performance, namely representatives of indicators groups profi tability, solvency, liquidity and indebtedness/fi nancial structure of business entities. For the purpose of analysis authors analyse the data series three years before the crisis (2005, 2006 and 2007) and the three years of crisis (2008, 2009 and 2010). The dataset consists of 3,567 business entities in both observed countries. In the study we use the cluster analysis to detect some basic patterns and trends in business sector in terms of homogeneity within dataset. Based on the results of microeconomic environment analysis (impact of crisis and national economic policies) authors assess the optimal reaction of economic policy (both national and EU) to improve the condition of businesses which authors believe are the source of future economic recovery. economic crisis, fi nancial analysis, eurozone, quantitative research, SME's, economic policy


The size effect of the diameter has been assessed for the tensile strength of Tyranno ZMI fiber. Uniform diameter section in sample fibers has been selected as tensile test sample. The single fibers of measured diameters have been tensile tested to provide two groups of data, i.e., "small diameter" group and "large diameter" group. The parameters of single-modal Weibull model showed inconsistency on the two groups, thus the Weibull parameters have shown the dependence on the sample diameter. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses had revealed characteristic fracture patterns of "extremely weak" samples only in "large diameter" group. The key information for improving the reliability was then discussed through coupling the Weibull scaling and the fracture surface analyses. The potential in the strength improvement has been assessed for an imaginary fiber, which does not contain the sources of the characteristic fracture patterns.


In this paper, we describe a protocol allowing measurement of the mechanical tension of individual axons grown ex vivo from neural tissue explants. This protocol was developed with primary cultures of olfactory epithelium explants from embryonic (E13.5) mice. It includes a detailed description of explant dissection and culture, as well as the main steps of the procedure for axon tension measurement using the previously established Biomembrane Force Probe.


Supposef is a continuous complex valued function defined on a compact set E in the plane and pj(f, E) is the polynomial of degree n of best uniform approximation to f on E. If a polynomial qn of degree n approximates / on E "almost" as well as pn(f; E), then qn is "almost" pn(f; E). Sharp estimates, one for the real and one for the general case, are found for flqn-p,(f, E)W1E in terms of the quantity (jfJ-q EJ-lf'-p (f, E)j|4, where II J denotes the uniform norm on E.


Badminton is a kind of anti-allergic movement with a high incidence of injury. The sports injury brings great troubles to the participants, affecting the participants' enthusiasm for sports, and is not conducive to the healthy development of badminton. This paper takes 60 badminton players from some sports colleges in Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province and some badminton athletes in provincial sports schools as the research object. The FMS functional exercise test method combined with mathematical statistics method is used to explore the causes of sports injuries and establish a sports damage prediction model. Understand the damage characteristics of the badminton project, the multiple sites of injury, and screen the subjects for functional actions. The results of the experiment showed that the results of FMS scores were not related to the history of previous injury. In the absence of pain, the presence of injury history had no significant effect on the score of FMS, but physical asymmetry is significantly associated with FMS scores. The FMS score and the predicted incidence of injury for badminton players are 14 points. FMS functional screening can be used as a measurement tool to predict the occurrence of damage and can effectively predict the occurrence of damage.


With the sustained and rapid development of China's economy, the energy problem is more prominent. China's total energy consumption has increased sharply, and its dependence on coal is relatively high. This has also brought serious environmental problems, which will become one of the main reasons restricting China's economic development. Although the introduction of relevant policies has also achieved certain effects, energy big data is not only the in-depth application of big data technology in the energy field, but also the deep integration of energy production, consumption and related technology revolution and big data concept, which will accelerate the development of the energy industry and Business model innovation. At present, China's energy supply and demand as a whole are stable, the structure continues to be optimized, and comprehensive analysis gives relevant development suggestions.


Let C be a weakly compact convex subset of a strictly convex Banach space X. Let S be a semitopological semigroup which acts on C so that the action is weakly separately continuous of weakly continuous Kannan mappings with some additional conditions for which the functions s ∈ S −→ fx(s) = f(sx) and s ∈ S −→ fx(s) = f(xs) belongs to Z a closed linear subspace of l∞(S) containing constants and invariant under translations for every f ∈ C(S). We prove that if Z has a left invariant mean then C has a common fixed point of S. Mathematics Subject Classification (2010): 47H10


Our work, DiffPerf, is a key enabler which represents a significant step forward in network softwarization. It supports an agile and dynamic in-network bandwidth allocation in an ISP-centric settings and is implemented on largest community-led SDN platforms.


The development of a new composite product through resin transfer molding (RTM) process requires the identification of an effective injection strategy and optimization of the process variables and raw material parameters of the manufacturing process. This article presents an effective manufacturing technology for a cab front model using RTM isothermal mold-filling simulation technique. The simulations performed were based on the finite element method for which a commercial RTM simulation package was utilized. A number of isothermal mold-filling simulations using different injection strategies and process variables were carried out. Injection strategy using constant flow or pressure was executed to find optimum locations for injection ports and air vents requiring minimum mold -fill time. The effect of process variables, such as injection pressure, and raw material parameters, such as resin viscosity and mat permeability, on the mold-filling time was also studied. The simulation results show that the injection strategy of four injection points on the front face and four vents at the corners of the cab front with constant pressure of 5 atm delivers an optimum mold-fill time of 32 min without dry spots.


The RCN is to crank up pressure on the government to change its plans for a radical overhaul of the NHS in England.


Numerous surgical procedures have been suggested for the proper management of thyroid masses which migrate into or occur ectopically in areas removed from their usual anatomical location in front of the trachea. It is generally accepted that subclavicular and substernal extensions of moderate size are easily and properly delivered through the conventional cervical incision. Unusually large masses, if soft, can be reduced in size before delivery by the morcellation technique of Lahey. 1 Substernal extensions, however, which have migrated far inferiorly or are too solid to allow intracapsular "gouging" are best removed by using a combined cervical and median sternotomy approach. 2 That thyroid tumors can occur ectopically is suggested by authentic reports of intratracheal, aortic, pericardial, and intracardiac accessory thyroid masses.* Some of these ectopic tumors have been encountered deep in the thorax above the diaphragm or in the posterior mediastinum behind the esophagus far removed from the cervical


Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is known to induce α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in fibroblasts and is supposed to play a role in myofibroblast differentiation and tumor desmoplasia. Our objec...


Education needs a generation that understands and is aware of a superior character culture. This study aims to analyze 25 student characters' development process in cooperative learning in Al-Quran tilawati at Junior High School Al Muslim of Sidoarjo, Islamic Junior High School of 1 Surabaya, and Junior High School of 34 Surabaya. This research method uses qualitative research. This type of research uses a multi-case study from three school places. The sample of this research is the principal, the coordinator of the Al Quran teaching model, the teacher of Al Quran, the teacher of Al Quran learning model of the tilawati model and the students and by using research instruments, namely observation (observation), interview (interview), questionnaire (questionnaire), documentation and the combination of the four or triangulation. Based on the research conducted, it was found that the process of growing 25 characters in learning Al Quran with the tilawati model at Junior High School Al Muslim of Sidoarjo, Islamic Junior High School of 1 Surabaya, and Junior High School of 34 Surabaya gave good and strong results and obtained the growth of 25 character attitudes, namely respect for teachers, discipline, courageous and caring for others, orderly, compassionate, tolerant, love of Allah, spirit of learning to study, focus, spirit, patient, tolerant, obedient, togetherness, fond of reading, hard work, curiosity, caring, democracy, love of peace, neat in clothes, thorough, tawakkal, brave, independent, unyielding, and creative.


This study explores the features of process of drying internal heat and mass transfer in wood in the conditions of essentially nonisothermal transfer of moisture. The process of capillary conductivity of wood is analyzed on the model of colloidal capillary-porous solid. The density of moisture flows caused by the phenomenon of thermal and hydraulic conductivity is determined. Previously experimentally established fact of influence on the process of moisture removal of the current moisture content of wood is analytically confirmed. Dependences of the phase transition criterion taking into account the direction of the temperature gradient and wood moisture are analytically obtained. Recommendations are given to determine the thermogradient coefficient taking into account the asymmetry of moisture flows depending on the direction of the temperature gradient, and also for the correction in the entry form of the equation of moisture transfer with the influence of the effect of thermal and hydraulic conductivity.


The thesis examines tax compliance issues in developing countries in the field of income tax with special emphasis on Bangladesh. The thesis explores the state and taxpayers relationship as a fiduciary one. The effectiveness of specific legal tools in Bangladesh are discussed critically. Policy suggestions are made to improve compliance


This is an article looking at how both Vote
Leave and Britain Stronger in Europe were
communicating as the EU referendum
campaign hotted up. It appeared in
Influence - the magazine of the CIPR.


A generalized normal form of SISO nonlinear comtrol systems,called the generalized Byrnes-Isidori canonical form,is obtained by proposing a generalized relative degree,namely,the point relative degree.For the systems with minimum phase,a sufficient condition is provided to assure the stabilizability.For the system with non-minimum phase zero dynamics,the center manifold approach is applied.It is shown that the stabilization technique via designed center manifold,is still applicable to this kind of general nonlinear control systems.


Gas leakage is one of the major concerns with residential, commercial LPG users, industries and LPG/CNG gas powered transportation vehicles. Gas leakage is very big threat in our day to-day lives and can be hazardous to human health and environment; even a small leak into a building or other confined space may gradually build up an explosive or lethal concentration of gas that may cause a death of human beings. One of the simplest methods to take preventive measures is to avoid the hazard associated with gas system is to install gas leakage detectors at vulnerable locations and provide mechanisms for remote monitoring. There will be some observance to take a quick action to prevent the explosion accidentally. We have proposed gas leakage monitoring and prevention system using IOT principles for monitoring the safety measure using mobile app. This paper describes the system that detects the spillage of the gas in a particular area using gas sensor and immediately alerts the individual in the form of blinking the light and using Wi-Fi to send the alert messages via Blynk app, and exhaust fan is used to scattered gas concentration to cut down the damages and save the lives. Index Terms Component, formatting, style, styling, insert.


Polymer-polymer blends offer a route for enhancement of various properties. When immiscible polymers are blended together (in the presence of a compatibilizer), the blend properties are dependent on the morphology of the phases. Uniform, fine dispersions generally result in "average" properties. Discussed here are blends of polyamides or polyesters with polyolefins, particularly polyethylene, where small amounts (3–20 percent) of the former polymers dispersed as essentially parallel, thin, large laminae produce substantial reduction (3–100 times) of permeability properties in blow-molded/extruded articles. Physical properties of such blends, their permeability properties, and morphologies are discussed.


In recent decades X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) image reconstruction has been largely developed in both medical and industrial domain. In this paper, we propose using the Bayesian inference approach with a new hierarchical prior model. In the proposed model, a generalised Student-t distribution is used to enforce the Haar transformation of images to be sparse. Comparisons with some state of the art methods are presented. It is shown that by using the proposed model, the sparsity of sparse representation of images is enforced, so that edges of images are preserved. Simulation results are also provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the new hierarchical model for reconstruction with fewer projections.


Graphical password is one of the arrangements. GRAPHICAL PASSWORDS  A GRAPHICAL PASSWORD is a verification framework that works by having the client select from pictures, in a particular request, introduced in a graphical UI (GUI).This paper reviews the concept of the graphical passwords and various types and concept available in that domain.


This paper proposes a polynomial approximation approach for the estimation of the stochastic response of a random mass structure subjected to an evolutionary random excitation. A bounded, monopeak, and symmetrically distributed probability density function, called λ -PDF, together with the Gegenbauer polynomial approximation, is introduced to deal with stochastic dynamic response problems of the random mass structures. The λ -PDF model is used to describe the random parameters in the engineering random structures. And then the Gegenbauer polynomial approximation method is used to reduce the random structures into its deterministic equivalent one. The numerical example shows the effectiveness of the proposed method to explore dynamic phenomena in random structures.


Almost as long as there have been user interfaces, there have been special software systems and tools tohelp design and implement the user interface software. Many of these tools have demonstrated significant productivity gains for programmers, and have become important commercial products. Others have proven less successful at supporting the kinds of user interfaces people want to build. This article discusses the different kinds of user interface software tools, and investigates why some approaches have worked and others have not. Many examples of commercial and research systems are included. Finally, current research directions and open issues in the field are discussed. This research was sponsored by NCCOSC under Contract No. N66(X)I-94-C-6037, ARPA Order No. B326. The views and conclusions contained in this document arc those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of NCCOSC or the U.S. Government.


Summary Forty-six Holstein heifer calves were used frolo birth to 3 rno to study the effect of supple:nental vitamin E at 1400 or 2800 mg dl-a.-tocopherol acetate given orally at weekly intervals or 1400 mg dl-a-tocopherol by intr!i:n L1Scular injection. Weekly starter consumption was 10 to 27 % more (P=.12) and weekly weight gains were 9 to 25% more (P=.13) in supplemented calves.


Attachment Behaviors as Mediators Between Family-of-Origin Quality and Couple Communication Quality in Marriage: Clinical Implications for Couples Therapy Darin Knapp School of Family Life, BYU Master of Science This study examined the mediating impact of couples' attachment behaviors on the relationship between poor quality family-of-origin experiences and marital communication quality. The couple data for this study was collected from the Relationship Evaluation (RELATE) database (see www.relate-institute.org). An Actor Partner Interdependence Model using structural equation modeling was used to evaluate 261 marriage relationships. Results indicated that the relationships between family-oforigin experiences and communication quality are significantly related, with more family-of-origin problems associated with poorer positive communication skills. When attachment behaviors (accessibility, responsiveness, and engagement) were added to the model, it significantly mediated the relationship. Implications for clinicians treating couples who present with communication problems are discussed, as are directions for future research.


Introduction. In [1] we defined a capacity in C n . Recently Molzon, Shiffman and Sibony [8] have introduced a different capacity which is useful for certain Bezout estimates. The object of this note is to apply the methods of [1] to study the capacity of [8]. We shall obtain an equivalent definition of this capacity via Tchebycheff polynomials, along the lines of [1]. Half of this equivalence was independently obtained by Sibony [9]. To establish the full equivalence of these two approaches to capacity a notion of Jensen measures in a setting more general than uniform algebras is needed. We shall consider Jensen measures for multiplicative semigroups; these are sets of functions in which only the multiplicative structure is postulated. It will also be useful to generalize the notion of polynomial hull in C n to a hull with respect to a multiplicative semigroup of polynomials. We can then adapt the approach of [1] to these semigroups.


The Setschenow parameter and thermodynamic parameters of transfer of 2-, 3-, and 4-methylbenzoic acids from water to salt solutions have been reported. The data have been rationalized by considering the structure-breaking effects of the ions of the salts, the localized hydrolysis model, and the internal pressure theory


If it is to qualify as knowledge, a learner's output should be accurate, stable and com-prehensible. Learning multiple models can improve signiicantly on the accuracy and stability of single models, but at the cost of losing their comprehensibility (when they possess it, as do, for example, simple decision trees and rule sets). This paper proposes and evaluates CMM, a meta-learner that seeks to retain most of the accuracy gains of multiple model approaches, while still producing a single comprehensible model. CMM is based on reapplying the base learner to recover the frontiers implicit in the multiple model ensemble. This is done by giving the base learner a new training set, composed of a large number of examples generated and classiied according to the ensemble, plus the original examples. CMM is evaluated using C4.5RULES as the base learner, and bagging as the multiple-model methodology. On 26 benchmark datasets, CMM retains on average 60% of the accuracy gains obtained by bagging relative to a single run of C4.5RULES, while producing a rule set whose complexity is typically a small multiple (2{6) of C4.5RULES's, and also improving stability.


How to do pattern recognition without artificial neural networks, Bayesian classifiers, vector support machines and other mechanisms that are widely used for machine learning? The problem with pattern recognition machines is time and energy demanding training because lots of coefficients need to be worked out. The paper introduces an indexing model that performs training by memorizing inverse patterns mostly avoiding any calculations. The computational experiments indicate the potential of the indexing model for artificial intelligence applications and, possibly, its relevance to neurobiological studies as well. a https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8601-4101 b https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9343-366X


Background/aims Clinical trials suggest anti-vascular endothelial growth factor is more effective than intravitreal dexamethasone as treatment for macular oedema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion. This study asks if 'real world' data from a larger and more diverse population, followed for a longer period, also support this conclusion. Methods Data collected to support routine care at 27 NHS (National Health Service) Trusts between February 2002 and September 2017 contained 5661 treatment-naive patients with a single mode of treatment for macular oedema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion and no history of cataract surgery either during or recently preceding the treatment. Number of treatment visits and change in visual acuity from baseline was plotted for three treatment groups (anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF), intravitreal dexamethasone, macular laser) for up to 3 years. Results Mean baseline visual acuity was 57.1/53.1/62.3 letters in the anti-VEGF/dexamethasone/macular laser groups, respectively. This changed to 66.72 (+9.6)/57.6 (+4.5)/63.2 (+0.9) at 12 months. Adequate numbers allowed analysis at 18 months for all groups (66.6 (+9.5)/56.1 (+3.0)/60.8 (-1.5)) and for anti-VEGF at 36 months (68.0, +10.9) Mean number of treatments were 5.1/1.5/1.2 at 12 months, 5.9/1.7/1.2 at 18 months for all three groups and 10.3 at 36 months for anti-VEGF. Conclusions Visual acuity improvements were higher and more sustained with anti-VEGF. Higher treatment burden occurred with anti-VEGF but this reduced over 36 months. Patients with better vision at baseline than those in the clinical trials maintained high levels of vision with both anti-VEGF and dexamethasone.


This viewgraph presentation reviews the challenges and the development of modular avionics systems to be used during future space travel in accord with the new vision for space exploration.


Introduction: Arterial and venous thromboembolism are common complications in COVID-19. Micro-macro thrombosis-related organ dysfunction can confer an increased risk for mortality. The optimal dosage of anticoagulation (AC) in COVID-19 patients remains unclear. Interim data from adaptive randomized control trials (ATTACC, REMAP-CAP, and ACTIV-4a) showed divergent results of therapeutic AC (TAC) versus usual care AC for the primary outcome of organ support free days in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Components of CHA 2DS 2-VASc, a model originally built for predicting ischemic stroke in atrial fibrillation, are consistent with independent risk factors for COVID-19 severity and mortality. Herein, we analyzed the performance of the CHA 2DS 2-VASc model in hospitalized COVID-19 patients for predicting arterial and venous thromboembolic events, which could potentially aid in risk stratification of hospitalized patients and guide AC dosing.

 Methods: This is a large, retrospective, multicenter cohort study that included all adult patients from one tertiary care and five community hospitals with PCR-proven SARS-CoV-2 infection between 3/1/2020 and 12/1/2020. The primary composite outcome was acute arterial thromboembolism (ATE) and venous thromboembolism (VTE). We identified patients with ATE [cerebrovascular accident (CVA), myocardial infarction (MI) including both ST-segment elevation MI and non-ST-segment elevation MI], and VTE [deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE)] using ICD -10 codes. Mean and standard deviation were reported for continuous variables; proportions were reported for categorical variables. To compare the groups, the Chi-square test was used for categorical variables, and the t-test was used for continuous variables. CHA 2DS 2-VASc scores were calculated on admission and were used as a measure of the predictive accuracy of the scoring system. Sensitivity and specificity with different cut-offs of CHA 2DS 2-VASc scores were calculated. All statistical tests were 2-sided with an α (significance) level of 0.05. All data were analyzed using R version 4.0.5.

 Results: Among 3526 patients, a total of 619 patients had thromboembolic events: 383 had ATE and 236 had VTE. Of 383 patients who had ATE, 350 patients were found to have acute MI, 48 had CVA, and 15 had both MI and CVA. In patients with VTE, 134 had DVT, 168 had PE, and 66 had both DVT and PE (Figure 1). We analyzed the primary composite outcome of ATE and VTE (group 1) vs no ATE and VTE (group 2). Baseline characteristics are included in Table 1. The in-patient all-cause mortality rate was 28.4% in group 1 vs 12.6% in group 2 (p<0.001). The mean hospital length of stay was 12.3 days in group 1 vs 8.8 days in group 2 (p<0.001). Group 1 had a mean CHA 2DS 2-VASc score of 3.3 ±1.6. vs 2.7±1.7 in group 2 (p<0.001) (Figure 2). At CHA 2DS 2-VASc scores of 3 and 4, the model had a specificity of 46% and 67% and sensitivity of 68% and 42% respectively for predicting ATE/VTE. The CHA 2DS 2-VASc score of 5 had a specificity of 86% and sensitivity of 25%. The score of 7 had 98% specificity but 3% sensitivity (Table 2).

 Conclusion: Our results suggest that the CHA 2DS 2-VASc model for arterial and venous thromboembolism has a moderate performance. The CHA 2DS 2-VASc score of 5 has a high specificity, though low sensitivity, for predicting thromboembolism. The CHA 2DS 2-VASc score can be used as an adjunct risk stratification tool to initiate TAC.

 Figure 1

 Disclosures
 No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Excessive fructose intake has an adverse effect on established lipid risk factors when added to existing diets. It is not known whether honey, a naturally occurring fructose‐containing sugar, exerts a different effect on lipid risk factors. We undertook a systematic review and meta‐analysis of controlled trials to assess the effects of honey intake on lipid risk factors.


Abstract Dated historic structures provide a chronological framework for the evaluation of coastal greenschist weathering over periods of up to 450 years. A weathering rate of 0.6 mm a-1, derived by direct methods over a short period, is shown to be valid over a span of centuries. Local variations in aspect, elevation and exposure of the structures influence weathering processes and rates. This paper is a summary of work published in full elsewhere.


OBJECTIVE
To explore the relationship between lithium dose and serum lithium level on the occurrence of untoward or toxic effects of lithium in the treatment of 20 hospitalized aggressive and/or mood-disordered children aged 4 through 6 years.

METHOD
Clinical and research records of 20 children treated with lithium according to an established inpatient protocol were reviewed. Side effects as reported by psychiatric staff were categorized by organ system affected and severity.

RESULTS
During the initial 2 weeks of lithium treatment, 60% of the children manifested one or more types of side effects, most commonly central nervous system effects. Side effects were seen at doses of 25.6 to 52.1 mg/kg per day and at serum levels from 0.65 to 1.37 mEq/L. In general, adverse effects were associated with higher lithium doses and lithium levels and were most common during the first week of treatment. A potential interaction between concurrent infection and more severe side effects was seen.

CONCLUSIONS
Side effects occur frequently in children aged 6 years and younger during the initiation phase of lithium treatment; are related to higher milligram per kilogram doses, higher serum lithium levels, and phase of treatment; and may be related to concurrent medical illness.


To observe the preventive effects of"Ganlan Jiejiu Drink" on the acute alcoholic liver injury, rats and mice were first perfused with white wine to cause acute liver injury and then perfused with "Ganlan Jiejiu Drink" half an hour. The drunk rate was recorded. On the 3rd day, serum ALT was measured; on the 5th day, the ALT and AST in the serum and liver tissue were assayed. Moreover, "Huagan Capsule" was used as control. Results: The "Ganlan Jiejiu Drink" can reduce the drunk rates, decrease serum AST, and ALT and AST in the serum and liver tissue, and improve the pathological state of liver tissue. It is revealed that "Ganlan Jiejiu Drink" is fairly effective to relieve alcoholism and protect liver.


The effects on productivity of Altai wild ryegrass (Leymus angustus (Trin.) Pilger) of 14 herbicide treatments applied during establishment were investigated in two field experiments at Melfort, Saskatchewan. Weed control achieved with metsulfuron, chlorsulfuron, thifensulfuron and tank-mixed applications of bromoxynil with diclofop or fenoxaprop during the establishment year ensured satisfactory forage establishment which in turn caused a "residual effect" for 1–3 yr increasing individual cut as well as cummulative forage dry matter yields significantly. When established with a heavy broadleaf weed infestation (138 m−2) dominated by stinkweed (Thlaspi arvense L.) in 1985, bromoxynil plus diclofop increased yield 359% over a 3-yr period. Sulfonylurea herbicides increased yield 221–346%. Bentazon and MCPA/mecoprop/dicamba increased yields 85%. With a moderate weed infestation (40 m−2) dominated by lamb's-quarters (Chenopodium album L.) in 1986, sulfonylurea herbicides and bromoxynil plus the graminicides i...


The removal of foreign objects and debris (FOD) on runways at both non-towered and tower-controlled airstrips is a universal problem. Current detection systems are relatively efficient at finding large foreign objects but are expensive to set up and tend to be inaccurate with small items. With recent developments in artificial intelligence and object detection, it has been proposed to use drones to collect images and then detect any FODs with a specific trained algorithm. This paper will discuss the required materials and method, the image collection process as well as the training and testing results analysis. The development and testing of a live detection model is also discussed. Six object tags have been selected for testing that are realistic representations of possible objects found on runways, these include Litter, Wood, Bolts, Metal, Rubber and Nuts. The collected image database provided a larger variety of images to increase the robustness of the model. The Microsoft Azure platform and Custom Vision module was selected for the deep learning and object detection component. Through the system development, two different models were created, the first with six individual classes and then a single object class model. Two different training algorithms were also used, the online general model and the local compact model. The compact model is able to rapidly analyse images however it loses overall model accuracy. The general model is significantly more accurate than the compact model, however it requires significantly more time to analyse. The single class general trained model has the lowest error rate of 10.5% with 51 correct objects detected out of 57. A live detection module was developed using a 4K HDMI video capture card to live stream the drone footage from the controller to the computer. The individual frames were then extracted and loaded through the detection module. The returned objects that have a probability above the set threshold are processed with a bounding box and given classification tag names. A GPS transmitter and receiver model captured the current coordinates of the drone and then synchronises it with the live video frame data. This was used to create a user-friendly data representation that is accurate to approximately 2.5m.


Business process re-engineering is becoming a main focus in today's efforts to overcome problems and deficits in the automotive and aerospace industries (e.g., integration in international markets, product complexity, increasing number of product variants, reduction in product development time and cost). In this paper, we investigate the steps needed to apply virtual reality (VR) for virtual prototyping (VP) to verify assembly and maintenance processes. After a review of today's business process in vehicle prototyping, we discuss CAD-VR data integration and identify new requirements for design quality. We present several new interaction paradigms so that engineers and designers can experiment naturally with the prototype. Finally, some results of a user survey performed at BMW are presented, showing the acceptance and feasability of VP and the paradigms implemented for our key process. The results show that VR will play an important role for VP in the near future.


Using a 4.2K Nb-PbIn dc SQUID with a 60 pm inner hole side length, we have constructed a novel 1-D magnetic flux microscope with an unprecedented combination of spatial and magnetic field resolutions. During imaging, the sample is moved past the SQUID at a separation of about 38 pm and the output from the SQUID is recorded as a function of the sample position. The system achieves a spatial resolution of about 66 pm and a magnetic field resolution of about 5.2 pTHz-lD at a frequency of 6 kHz. We have used the microscope to obtain susceptibility images of patterned superconducting samples in low fields and have devised a simple method for measuring static magnetic fields.


Powdered samples of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) synthesized in anionic systems have been studied by DTA in an inert atmosphere. The polymers obtained with the use of organometallic compounds in the absence of side reactions were found to exhibit high-temperature exothermicity (300-320°C) due to nitrile group cyclization. The carbonyl and imino groups appearing in PAN due to the side reactions, usually accompanying the synthesis under certain conditions, initiated the polymer thermocyclization at 170-270°C. The same effect was produced by the residual DMFA strongly bound in the polymer by the same groups


Based on environmental psychology and social development,the article puts forward some ideas on how to effectively improve P.E.teaching,urge the students widely to take part in and enjoy P.E.and train the students' lifetime sports consciousness from studnets' interest,P.E.teaching reform and P.E.organization and management.


Models of galaxy formation and evolution are only as reliable as our knowledge of the individual stars responsible for the light we detect. From the prescriptions for stellar feedback, to numerical simulations, to the interpretation of galaxy colors and spectra, galaxy evolution research depends at its core on reliable star formation and evolution models. These models are calibrated using observations of resolved stellar populations in a wide range of environments. Studies of stellar populations in the UV have made great strides in the past decade with the GALEX UV surveys and the UV-sensitive WFC3 camera on HST. With the phenomenal data that these instruments have provided, we have learned surprising UV properties of the stellar populations of galaxies and star clusters. While these observations have certainly shed light on the evolution of stars and star clusters, the picture is still far from complete. To fully understand the processes that shape star formation of clusters and OB associations in galaxies with a range of masses, metallicities, and gas content will require the next generation of UV telescopes and instrumentation. To make significant progress, goals for this future instrumentation will need to include improved spatial resolution to resolve individual stars in crowded extragalactic environments and a larger field of view to cover nearby galaxies with fewer pointings. Future observations will then be able to produce the required libraries of resolved stars in carefully selected UV bands to reveal the phyical properties of the stars and properly account for dust extinction. We will detail the instrument requirements for making the necessary observations.


The paper addresses the use of state models to optimize and test SDN controller components. One of the components, namely a scheduler is taken as a running example and a discussion on the properties of appropriate non-classical state models is introduced.The paper presents how optimization of non-functional parameters and testing of the functional ones can be performed when a state model describes the component of interest


The article discusses the relevance, value and content of a targeted comprehensive program of developing the motivation to obey orders among the military personnel of educational process support units in higher education institutions of the domestic armed forces of Russia"s Ministry of Home Affairs.


Mobile robots provide new opportunities for research in environment sensing. By combining sensors and robots, we can develop applications to enhance security, search and rescue, and detect hazardous materials. One important problem is to use fewer mobile sensors to cover an area. This paper focuses on two problems in robot sensor deployment: speed management and detouring distance under energy and timing constraints. We determine the robots' traveling speed based on the remaining energy and remaining time before deadline. We use probabilistic models for environments with obstacles and propose an empirical analysis to estimate the extra traveling distance due to detouring. We compute the number of robots (fleet size) needed for cover an area and our approach reduces the fleet size. Compared with two simple heuristics, our method uses 21% fewer robots.


Practiced in five continents, athletics are among the most widespread sporting events in the world. Disciplines that involve throwing, such as shot put, are more technical in nature and therefore require the most work to increase body strength. The "glide" technique, which is one of the preferred techniques in shot put, requires athletes to glide linearly through the throwing circle from a seated position to a power position. Strength can be improved in yearly periods. These periods can be planned according to the milestones of quick power, continuous power, and maximal power in order to improve performance. In shot put, athletes mostly prefer to perform bench presses, which focus on the pectoral and arm muscles. This strengthening exercise aims to work the triceps brachii and pectoralis muscles. These are the most important muscles used in shot put. The present study compared the bench press maximals and best shot put throws of four female individuals over a period of four years and then incorporated the results into a correlation study. A high degree of correlation was found between the bench press maximals and shot put throws of the female athletes.


Impedance spectroscopy of dielectrics has a long history, going back to Heaviside. Modern multiphysics finite element analysis packages allow dielectric spectra to be computed from detailed physical models for comparison with measurements.


It is sometimes advisable to treat seed in order to remove a pathogen, or as a precaution before sowing. For example, capsicums (chillies and peppers) often suffer from bacterial spot, a highly destructive disease that usually appears only on the growing crop well after transplanting. The most effective way to control the disease is to subject the seeds to a hot water treatment of 51°C for 30 minutes.


Inter-European solidarity has been in short supply across the Euro zone. While politicians deployed solidarity as one of the rationales for aiding the Greek economy, the notion has largely lost its appeal as the crisis continues. In Finland the rapid erosion of sense of solidarity is embedded in a sense of injustice.


This research work focuses mainly on the design and synthesis of Differential Clock Distribution Networks (DCDNs). The Clock Distribution Network (CDN) plays an important role in synchronous systems. The network is spread all over the chip to synchronize its sub-systems. The system performance is influenced by the performance of its clock network. As technology advances and the complexity increases, a drastic growth in the chip complexity in the near future is expected. Thus designing a reliable CDN is becoming a must, and therefore all the design efforts should be utilized to efficiently design clock distribution networks. Of importance in chip design are low power and low noise concepts. Differential signaling scheme offers high noise immunity and since it is associated with signal amplitudes lower than the usual, it may contribute to reduce power consumption as well. Due to these potentials, the design and analysis of DCDN has been the focus of this research work. First, a line equivalent delay model based on the decoupling method is proposed to be able to route DCDNs with minimum skew. This part refers to the routing and synthesis of DCDNS. Later, new configurations for differential buffers based on body-biased transistors are proposed, which show better performance for future low voltage applications. Finally, a circuit and system design method that reduces the power consumption of DCDNs is proposed. This is accomplished in two steps: First circuit configurations that reduce the differential voltage swing giving less power consumption are introduced. Later, by reducing the supply voltage, a DCDN is designed which has the same power consumption as single-node CDNs, but has less skew variation in the presence of external noises such as power supply fluctuations.


The early 20th century,with China's rapid progress of urbanization,the urban population surge and housing in short supply.The urban poor increasingly serious problem of housing,slum and squatter settlements is in large numbers,which have seriously affected the normal urban socio-economic development.On the one hand to cope with the deteriorating housing situation,in the other hand,a variety of housing security in the modern concept of influence and promotion,the local governments will be included in the new municipal building security work among and through a variety of way to build civilian housing.Although its role in safeguarding the function and stability of the current at the time was still weak,but its positive attitude of the housing problem should be affirmed.


A generic waveguiding structure is reported with low coupling loss (/spl les/1 dB/facet) with lensed fibers and low propagation loss (/spl les/1 dB/cm). This structure is suitable for low loss guided-wave photonic integrated circuits including active elements such as switches, and passive interconnections such as mirrors, and allows low polarization dependent operation. Which is required for instance in wavelength demultiplexers. This structure based on a single epitaxy is of interest for low cost photonic switching fabrics.<<ETX>>


This study quantifies the effects of health and lifestyle markers on individual brain aging in dementia-free elderly subjects, revealed by a relevance vector regression approach. In males, markers of metabolic syndrome as well as alcohol abuse were significantly related to increased Brain AGE scores of up to 9 years. In females, markers of healthy liver and kidney functions and an adequate supply of nutrients were significantly related to decreased Brain AGE scores.


The large-scale synthesis of uniform Bi2S3 nanowires has been successfully synthesized by a solvothermal method adopting an inorganic-surfactant (BiCl4−–CTA+) lamellar structure as precursor. X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and electron diffraction (ED) results show that the as-synthesized samples are orthorhombic-structured Bi2S3 single-crystal nanowires. The morphologies and structure of the Bi2S3 nanowires have been characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In addition, studies of nanowire growth as a function of growth time have shown that nanowire length is directly proportional to growth time. The efficient method can be used to synthesize other III–VI sulfides. The growth mechanism was also discussed in our paper.


In China, more and more agricultural machinery service organizations grow up and develop quickly. To meet the scheduling demands to the team leaders in the agricultural machinery organizations, the time-window based temporal & spatial scheduling model for agricultural machinery is built, in order to rational allocate the resources of farmland and machinery, to reduce the time and effort spent, to improve the efficient, and to minimize the entire cost. The model serializes decision-making processes and gets optimal solutions for each process. At each decision stage, considering farmland of m and agricultural machinery of n, filter out the available agricultural machinery and the farmland waiting for operation according to the standards, then construct the cost matrix with the distance and resistance factors, and get the assignment model solution at last. The prototype system with web client and PC client is developed, which realizes functions like monitoring, data input, model calculation, dispatch command generation, center navigation, and so on. Cooperating with two agricultural organizations, the system is tested in practice. In the practical applications, the information of farmland and the time-window constraints is extracted from the task orders, and the inputs of the agricultural machinery positions and the topological road data are generated from the agricultural machinery monitoring data. Thus, the model calculates and generates results, such as the Gantt chart of the agricultural machinery operations, the route for dispatching the agricultural machinery and the evaluation of model results, which are used by monitoring center to assign tasks and. The practical results show that the model can perform well, which improves the work efficiency of the agricultural association, and the model has a good application.


Cybercrime being an act committed through the use of the computer either as a tool or target makes the computer an indispensable tool for almost all cybercrimes. The increasing number of persons utilizing computers, the different purposes for which they are put, coupled with the intractable problems of defining what is and what is not a computer under the Nigerian Cybercrimes Act 2015 is central to the determination of guilt or otherwise of cybercriminals brought before the court for prosecution. The conceptualization of computers under the Nigerian Cybercrimes Act 2015 provides the trial judge with so much discretion and little or no guidanceas to whether a particular device is, or is not a computer. Moreover, considering the development of information and communication technology, the concept is continuously challenged.


This policy brief examines shared-knowledge, transparency and accountability to improve enabling state-society relations on COVID-19 resilient building governance and takes into account the impact on third-country nationals (TCNs) in Austria, Finland, Czechia, and Lithuania. Existing research pointed to state-society relations as decentralised multi-stakeholder governance in public service reform for sustainable resilience building societies. However, the governance faced budgetary constraints and low public sector performance management. Although the relational governance shows certain public authorities have failed and/or ineffective to administer and achieve a range of public policy goals, there is still little policy study research in Nordic, Baltic, Central Eastern European- CEE and Central Western European countries explaining the improvement of state-society relations model on COVID-19 resilient building societies and its impacts to TCNs' in the selected entities.  Based on a qualitative cross-country oriented research approach with fewer country comparisons ,  primary data from the authors of this policy paper research, documents, published and unpublished scholarly texts are collected and analyzed with document and content analysis techniques. The findings indicates insufficient shared-knowledge for responsive decision to local concerns, lack of diverse interests groups' consultations, and quality service delivery often not transparent that infringe the core values of trust, public accountability, mutual responsibilities, and citizens' participation in effective public service relational governance implementation and impact TCNs and ethnic minorities peoples' COVID-19 crisis-related resilient in the selected entities. This policy brief recommends shared-knowledge for open access to relevant information, mutual corporate responsibilities between government, public and private organization policy for public interest, diversify migrants communities involvement in policy consultation for open democracy, rebuilding of bureaucrats' professional capacity to ensure commitment and increase public service staff, and legislation to set specific working ethics and values compatible with public interest that combine honesty, integrity, transparency, accountability, and fair equal treatment of citizens (especially from heterogeneous minorities subgroups) in the formulation, implementation, and delivery of public care to sustain COVID-19 resilient building societies. Not meeting these marginal policy adjustments and recommendations may intensify the reinforcement of public service distrust and corruption, deepen political and /or social inequalities, jeopardize open democracy, and impair sustainable COVID-19 resilient building societies.


SUMMARY Many megacities are growing at an annual rate of ov er 6% and some will double their populations in the next decade. This incredibly rap id growth of megacities causes severe social, economical and ecological problems. New tools, techniques and policies are required to baseline and integrate the social, economic and environmental factors associated with megacities, to monitor growth and change across the megacity and to forecast areas of risk ‐ all within shorter timeframes than previously accep ted. M-government is an extension or supplement to e-government and provides information and services through mobile devices, e.g. cellular phon e, laptops, and is mobile and wireless. For developing countries with no infrastructures of wir ed Internet technology, this is the only low cost infrastructure option available. Despite cellu lar phones having disadvantages in the delivery of information and services, e.g. size of screens and some security aspects, Mgovernment opens up additional channels for citizen participation and has a significant potential to increase the constituent participation . This paper explores the role of 'urban sensing' tha t uses cellular phones, sensor technologies, GIS related technologies. Web 2.0 and crowdsourcing (mass collaboration using Web 2.0) to support the creation of a public infrastructure, a 'data commons,' that will allow the citizen to increasingly participate in politics, civics (inclu ding land administration and management), aesthetics and science. These emerging techniques h ave the potential to strengthen the Spatial Data Infrastructures and urban change information a vailable to megacities.


In this paper the one parameter Item Response Theory (IRT) model with normal Item Characteristic Curves (ICC) in longitudinal context has been studied. The abilities are structured according to a general mixed effects linear regression model. The items are supposed to be a sample from a large bank of items with constant mean difficulty. If the number of repeated measures is large, then commonly used simultaneous estimation procedures often lead to practical problems with respect to multidimensional numerical integrations. In this article, an approximation of the normal ICC is introduced that leads to simple ability and difficulty estimators with nice asymptotic properties. The relative efficiency and bias of the ability estimator are studied. An illustration with real data shows high relative efficiency within an acceptable range of the domain of the ICC. Moreover, the bias is very small. A simulation study shows the effect of non-normal item parameters on the regression estimates. The results suggest that the proposed procedure is rather robust against departures from normality. However, the estimation of the correlations between regression parameters can be seriously biased.


Purpose Although the naturally occurring antioxidant mangiferin has been widely used, it is not yet known whether it can cross the blood-retina barrier (BRB) and enter the eye. The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the ability of mangiferin to pass the blood-retina barrier. Methods Sprague–Dawley rats were used for biologic fluid sampling after intravenous administration of mangiferin at doses of 10, 25, and 50 mg/kg. Blood and retina samples were collected at different time points post-dose. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation was conducted on a COSMOSIL 5C18—MS—II column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min using a mobile phase comprised of methanol −2% glacial acetic acid (40:60 v:v). Results The HPLC method has proven suitable to determine the presence of mangiferin in the eye. The plasma concentration of mangiferin was dose dependent. Pharmacokinetic parameters of mangiferin in plasma after intravenous administration were fitted to the two-compartment model with the first-order elimination and first-order transfer between central and peripheral compartments. The concentration of mangiferin in the retina goes with that in the blood. Mangiferin concentrations in the retina reached 5.69±1.48 μg/ml 0.5 h after intravenous administration (50 mg/kg) and then dropped gradually to 0.30±0.02 μg/ml 5.0 h later. The eye–to-plasma concentration ratio was 2.80%. Conclusions Mangiferin can pass the blood-retina barrier after a single intravenous administration and may be a potential natural antioxidant in treating eye diseases.


The main goal of this work was the synthesis of superhydro/oleophobic and infrared reflector clays, and their incorporation into substrates such as varnishes and textiles of cotton and polyester. Montmorillonite k10 (MMT), the clay used over the course of this work was efficiently functionalized with surfactants and different organosilanes, such as octadecylltriclorosilane (OTS), octadecyltriethoxysilane (C18) and tridecafluorooctyltriethoxysilane (F13), promoting its hydrophobicity and, in some cases, hydro/oleophobicity. The clays functionalization was achieved through solution-phase silylation or solidphase method involving ball milling. The evaluation of this property was performed through the measurement of contact angles for MMT functionalized with F13 via solution, contact angles of 147.2o-water and 114.3o-oil and through the solid-phase method, 142.4o-water and 107.1o-oil. The IV reflection observed by pigments in MMT, revealed that MMT is a good support material. The UV-Vis and temperature analysis were used for determination of reflective capacity of modified clays with altiris, which revealed an increase in reflection. The immobilization of bifunctionalized clays, like MMT@F13_altiris800, in the textiles was successfully performed. Immobilization in the fabrics, substract for which this process was more efficient, was made by spraying, followed by exposure to 120 °C for 2 minutes and 160 °C for 1 minute. The best IV reflective property and, simultaneously, hydro/oleophobicity were observed for the modified polyester fabric, MMT@F13_altiris800 through the liquid phase procedure. In this case, the reflection determined by UV-Vis-NIR technique showed an increase of 12.5% compared to the original textile and 23.7% compared to the textile modified with MMT@F13, results which are supported by the temperature analysis. The same functionalized textile presented both superhydrophobicity and oleophobicity, as the textiles in which MMT@F13_altiris800 and MMT@TiZnS-P@F13 clays were incorporated. Treated and untreated cotton textiles did not show significant oleophobicity and reflective properties. Finally, the durability tests (composed by five washes) were performed in all modified textiles except MMT@TiZnS-P@F13. The modified textile that exhibited the lowest decrease in both properties upon durability tests was MMT@F13_altiris800. FCUP vii Argilas com propriedades hidro/oleofobicas e de reflexao de infravermelho


Motivated by the probe experiment for characterizing the adhesion strength of polymeric materials, we studied the axisymmetric extensional flow of a viscoelastic liquid filament that contains one or three initially spherical bubbles along its axis of symmetry. The filament is confined between two parallel and coaxial disks of the same radius and its initially cylindrical outer surface is surrounded by air. The flow is induced by the axial extension of the upper disk under constant velocity, while the lower disk remains stationary. The rheology of the liquid is described by the exponential Phan–Thien and Tanner viscoelastic model. A quasi-elliptic transformation combined with domain decomposition and local mesh refinement is employed to discretize the domain. The mixed finite element Galerkin method for the mass and momentum balances combined with the EVSS-G method and SUPG weighting for the constitutive equation are used to obtain their weak forms. All these are necessary for the successful simulation of ...


Temperature measurements were made with a two‐strip wedge‐shaped blackbody up to 4100 K (for zirconium) and up to 5600 K (for tungsten). Specific heat capacities were obtained for both metals in the liquid state. We developed a blackbody that would exist not only in solid state but also in the liquid state. This model was constructed specially for investigation of metals, hard steels and liquid carbon. The improved data on thermophysical properties of graphite during melting and of liquid carbon (up to 12000 K) are presented.


This paper provides a summary briefing of the planning considerations for non-traditional care and retirement developments for older people. It considers whether some forms of retirement developmen...


The effect of fish-eating birds on their fish-prey populations has been a matter of concern to conservationists, anglers and fishery interests, especially when both bird and fish species have conservation status and are afforded some protection by law. Understanding the predator-prey interactions will assist in managing these potential conflicts. This situation could arise with the Common Kingfisher (Alcedo atthis ), whose range covers many important Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar ) rivers. In order to increase our knowledge on predator-prey interactions between these species, we collected data on the diet and feeding rates of a kingfisher population breeding in an Atlantic salmon river in southern England (River Frome). Results showed that, during nestling period, kingfishers provided a mean of 62 fish per day to the nest and that the mean salmon intake was 2.5% of the entire diet, which is equivalent to 86 salmon parr consumed by each kingfishers pair for the entire breeding period (assuming 2.2 broods/pair/year). The total 0-group salmon population in the River Frome was 63 900. The estimated loss of 0-group salmon parr to the kingfishers over one season was 0.8%, thus supporting the view that the kingfisher has a negligible biological impact over this salmon population.


Tourmaline is a typical accessory mineral for most of
micaschists in the Svratka Crystalline Complex. Based on
petrographic and chemical data, two main generations of
tourmaline have been distinguished. The first generation
(tourmaline cores) corresponds to the prograde metamorphic
event characterised by mineral assemblage Ms+Bt+Tu+/-Ky+/-St.
The second generation of tourmaline (tourmaline rims) formed
during exhumation of the Svratka Crystalline Complex,
simultaneously with decompression breakdown of staurolite.
Microprobe analyses of tourmalines reveal a compositional
variation between Al-rich schorldravite to dravite (XFe
0.22-0.61; Al 5.88-6.77 apfu; Na 0.45-0.91 apfu). Tourmaline
rims are typically enriched in Fe, usually enriched in Al and
depleted in Mg, Na, Si relative to tourmaline cores.


The hoatzin is a folivorous bird with microbial fermentation in the crop that consumes plants that contain saponins. We investigated detoxifi cation activity of saponins by bacteria from the hoatzin crop, and how this activity was affected in the presence of methanogens. Strains and mixed cultures were grown in presence of 200 μg·ml-1 Quillaja saponins. Detoxifi cation was determined as loss of haemolytic activity. The methanogenesis was inhibited added bromoethanesulphonic acid (BES). Mixed cultures showed higher rate of saponin detoxifi cation than strains and it was reduced by BES. The hoatzin bacteria detoxify saponins, and methanogenic Archaea might act as a hydrogen sink.


MORE than 60 years have elapsed since Bustin in 1914 discovered that citrated blood was suitable for transfusion purposes. There was tardy acceptance by clinicians, even after it had been proved that citrate was quickly eliminated from the body. For some time citrate was blamed for the severe reactions, which were probably due to clinical impurities or pyrogens or to Rh or other antibodies not revealed by the cross-matching techniques then in use. It is understandable that these reactions may have led to some degree of caution in the general acceptance of transfusion. Blood was comparatively difficult to obtain, and some fear of being bled existed on the part of donors, who gave blood for the immediate requirements of individual patients. This contrasts with the situation today, where donors associate together at a bleeding centre and there is an element of group therapy introduced in overcoming fear. The years between Bustin's discovery in 1914 and the outbreak of the Second World War, saw little advance in blood transfusion therapy. To a much greater extent than now, gross blood loss from injury was the usual indication for transfusion. When war brought its many civil and military casualties, a demand arose for readily available blood, and donors appeared enthusiastically. There were still difficulties in technique associated with the storage and transport of blood, but these were quickly minimized. A blood bank came into existence in New South Wales, and from its stores blood was sent in large quantities to hospitals treating wounded, not only in Australia, but also in battle zones overseas. The facility of obtaining blood from a blood bank must be rated as one of the most important reasons for the rapid increase in blood usage during the last 20 years. During the Second World War, medical officers attached to the services became accustomed to giving blood transfusions, and when they returned to civilian practice they continued to use blood for a wide range of conditions. The value of blood transfusion was recognized for conditions other than injury, as for example in obstetrics and in intractable anremia. With improved cross-matching, reactions became infrequent, and with the extension of surgery to cardiac, vascular and thoracic operations, the demand continued to Increase, In 1966 more than 94,000 bottles of blood were used from Red Cross sources, including the country blood banks, for transfusion purposes in New South Wales. In teaching hospitals up to 15 bottles of blood are now used per annum per occupied bed, and an average of more than seven bottles per occupied bed in all hospitals of New South Wales. This survey is an attempt to show the clinical usage of blood and the relative amounts used in different conditions. METHODS


Three summary statistics are given in Table 1 for each of the scenarios described above. The two risk statistics selected here are the lower 2.5%iles for M. paradoxus spawning biomass relative to BMSY in 2020 and 2027, while the statistic related to catch is taken as the median of the 2011-2020 average catch. Fig. 1 plots the catch (median) and M. paradoxus spawning biomass trajectories (lower 2.5%ile, relative to BMSY) for each of the scenarios.


The "sick" role that was offered in the past by prison psychia trists was rejected by prisoners, who favored the "bad" role be cause it gave them peer group support and an acceptable outlet for their aggressions. The "bad" role has, in turn, recently been supplanted by the increasingly attractive "political prisoner" role, which began among isolated groups of black prisoners and has now spread to all racial and ethnic groups.


New applications for phosphoric acid fuel cells were identified and evaluated. Candidates considered included all possibilities except grid connected electric utility applications, on-site total energy systems, industrial co-generation, opportunistic use of waste hydrogen, space and military applications, and applications smaller than 10 kW. Applications identified were screened, with the most promising subjected to technical and economic evaluation using a fuel cell and conventional power system data base developed in the study. The most promising applications appear to be the underground mine locomotive and the railroad locomotive. Also interesting is power for robotic submersibles and Arctic villages. The mine locomotive is particularly attractive since it is expected that the fuel cell could command a very high price and still be competitive with the conventionally used battery system. The railroad locomotive's attractiveness results from the (smaller) premium price which the fuel cell could command over the conventional diesel electric system based on its superior fuel efficiency, and on the large size of this market and the accompanying opportunities for manufacturing economy.


A case of bilateral inferior conus is reported; relative scotomas were found to be congruent with the location of the conus. Existing theories, proposed to account for scotomas associated with inferior conus, are discussed. A new theory is proposed.


A wearable surface capable of performing object recognition on objects placed on it has many applications in health care such as surgery, assisted living posture monitoring, specifically movement of body parts during sleep and etc. The flexibility and wearability of textile material allows its widespread applications in body-worn contexts. In this work, we propose a portable and wearable smart textile surface which is capable of performing object recognition on a set of prior known objects. We integrate data from multiple sensors to gain knowledge about objects in the environment. The uncertainty present in such systems can lead to inaccurate interpretation of the data which is crucial in various medical applications. The most significant part of this uncertainty is due to effects of multiple sensors on each other. We look at different sources of uncertainties in such systems and formulate them. We modify vision algorithm to account for these uncertainties and in the end we present precision bounds for the accuracy of the system.


The role of corticosteroids in status asthmaticus (SA) is controversial. To evaluate their effect thirteen children (ages 8-14 years) hospitalized in status asthmaticus were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups. Both groups received oxygen, .01cc/kg salbutamol aerosol Inhalation every 4 hours and intravenous aminophylline. Six of the 13 children were given hydrocortisone 7 mg./kg. six hourly intravenously as well. Clinical score, arterial blood gases and peak expiratory flow rates (PEFR) at the time of admission were similiar in the steroid treated and control groups. Peak and trough serum theophylline levels were also similiar in the two groups. After 24 hours of therapy, both groups showed significant improvement in clinical score and PEFR. However, the degree of improvement in the steroid treated and control groups was not statistically different. One child in each group failed to show any improvement in the first 24 hours of therapy. The mean percentage increase in PEFR in the first 24 hours with each dose of inhaled salbutamol was 19.5±15.7 in the steroid treated group and 22.8±8.2 in the control group. We conclude that in the first 24 hours corticosteroids do not hasten the recovery of children in SA. Although the results show that inhaled B-2 agonists are beneficial in SA, corticosteroids do not increase the responsiveness of the bronchial smooth muscle to these agents.


High nitrate concentration in surface soils is a serious concern for the agricultural industry throughout the world. Nitrate reduction can be achieved by chemical or biological processes; however, these processes are difficult to achieve in-situ because of the low permeability of clays. This study evaluates bio-electrokinetic processes for nitrate treatment in low-permeability soils. The concept is based on using iron electrodes to generate an electric field and a reducing environment in the soil to facilitate nitrate reduction by existing bacteria. Experiments were conducted using starch as an additive for microbial activity in the anolyte. Three sets of experiments were conducted under 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 V cm−1 voltage gradient, and using starch as an anolyte for enhancing existing microbial activity in the soil. Initial nitrate concentration in the soil (agricultural soil collected from Jinju, Korea) was between 782 and 800 mg kg−1. Removal of 100% nitrate was achieved in the soil under 0.5 and 1.0 V cm−1 due to the combined effect of biological and iron reduction. A control experiment with iron electrodes, but without starch, was not as effective. Ammonium was also effectively removed by the combined action of starch and iron under 0.5 and 1.0 V cm−1. The role of starch with iron on the nitrate and ammonium removal process is evaluated along with the role of transport by electro-osmosis and electro-migration. The bacterial action on denitrification and nitrification is assessed and the relationship between pH and the efficiency of nitrate reduction in the bio-EK systems is evaluated.


Background: Cesarean section is the commonest obstetric procedure done worldwide. Incidence of cesarean section is increasing giving it a term "repeat cesarean section". Repeat cesarean section makes future obstetrics performances and abdominal exploration risky. After any Laparotomy it is fairly common to develop scar tissue, or adhesion. The scarring and adhesion formation is known to increase the major complications rate from 4.3% to 12.5% depending on the number of previous section. Intra peritoneal adhesions have an incidence of 5.5% to 42.5%. Methods: An observational prospective study was conducted in Obstetrics and gynecology department of Era's Lucknow Medical College, Lucknow. Total 80 cases of repeat cesarean sections were included. The case histories and intra operative findings were recorded. Results: Intra peritoneal adhesions of varied types were seen in majority of cases, out of which the most commonly seen adhesion was between parietal peritoneum and anterior surface of uterus 24(30%) and adhesion between bladder and uterus 24(30%). Conclusions: Chances of developing adhesions increases with each cesarean section, which leads to increase in morbidity of women. Thus cases of previous cesarean section should be educated about routine antenatal care.


Immobilization of enzymes increases stability of enzymes and their re-use in multiple cycles. Mesoporous silicates (MPs) is an established support for enzyme immobilization with respect to the requirements for enzyme carriers such as high surface area, chemical and thermal stability, uniform pore distribution, high adsorption capacity, ordered porous network, mechanical strength and toxicological safety. Organic micropollutants present in wastewater at very low concentrations such as the plasticizer bisphenol A, the detergent ingredient nonyphenol, and the antibacterial triclosan, are receiving increasing attention because of their adverse effects on human health and on the environment. To date there is no effective and sustainable physico-chemical remediation strategy available. Laccases from white rot fungi were found to be particularly active in the removal of these micropollutants. Biological treatment of wastewater can therefore be enhanced by the use of immobilized laccases. To identify and optimize the factors of immobilization with impact on biocatalyst activity, recovery and thermal stability, a central composite precision design was used. Three factors were chosen for the optimization of the immobilized biocatalyst production using response surface methodology: laccase concentration, glutaraldehyde concentration and bovine serum albumin concentration. Crude laccase preparation from Coriolopsis gallica HAI 1184 was immobilized in a two-step reaction. Laccase was first adsorbed to the MPs, followed by a cross-linking step using glutaraldehyde. After successive washings, no activity was found in the supernatant. Based on multi-criteria optimization for biocatalyst production (initial laccase activity of 1500 Ug-1 and glutaraldehyde concentration of 225 mM), a maximum biocatalyst activity of 383 Ug-1 (determined in 100 mM sodium tartrate buffer (pH 4.5) with 2, 2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonate as substrate) was obtained. The immobilized biocatalyst was found to be more stable at higher temperature and pH conditions compared to free enzyme. The immobilized biocatalyst was applied for the elimination of 50 µM bisphenol A in a continuous membrane reactor with a working volume of 0.05 L. More than 90 % BPA was successfully removed for more than 30 h of continuous treatment by the biocatalyst with a half-life of 52 h and a low rate of inactivation (0.013 h-1). This clearly shows the potential of these biocatalysts in the treatment of micropollutants in wastewaters.


With practical engineering examples introduce the RPM control in complex geological terrain water supply project in construction technology,quality control and application results.Focuses on the double"O"ring connection,the scene ends meet connections, flanged connections,such as connections and their respective conditions of application and quality control points.Practice shows that the piped water supply has been running well,and the pipe head loss of small,safe,reliable,economical and reasonable.


Symplectic integrators are numerical integration schemes for hamiltonian systems. The integration step is an explicit symplectic map. We nd symplectic integrators using universal exponential identities or relations among formal Lie series. We give here general methods to compute such identities in a free Lie algebra. We recover by these methods all the previously known symplectic integrators and some new ones. We list all possible solutions for integrators of low order.


(a) Primary Stimulus. In animals possessing no normal antitoxin a single injection of toxin either "attenuated" or under cover of antitoxin, whether injected previously or at the same time or present in the form of passive immunity maternally transmitted, is followed by a latent period of about three weeks, and the maximum immunity is reached in about eight weeks. (b) Secondary Stimulus. In immune animals, whether naturally immune or artificially immunised, a single injection of toxin or of a toxin-antitoxin mixture is followed by a latent period of about four days and the maximum immunity is reached in about ten days; the great and rapid immunity response to the secondary stimulus offers a striking contrast to the small and gradual response to the primary stimulus. (c) Intermediate Stimulus. In partially immune animals the response to an injection of toxin is in magnitude and rapidity of a character intermediate between the responses following a primary and a secondary stimulus.


On the basis of existing theories on the impact of environment on psychology,actions driven by psychology and production safety,this paper explores the relations between human behaviors and accidents in the course of production.The paper,based on the facts found in Kailuan Coalmine,conducts a systematic analysis on eight psychological behaviors including fluky psychology,negligence,shot-cut behavior,conformity behavior,disillusion,assertive behavior,fear psychology and antagonistic psychology as well as those psychologically influencing factors such as temperature,humidity,lighting,colors,noise,human relations,food and other factors in the work environment.Given the fact that over 80% accidents have been taken place due to risk behaviors,this paper argues that,to prevent coalmine accidents,efforts should be made to eliminate those factors causing risky psychological behaviors.


A residual vibration-free joint trajectory is derived for a flexible-link robot with tip-loaded mass. The command trajectory combines weighted cosine signals of different frequencies, where the weights are calculated by solving a set of linear equations and the frequencies are determined by the mode frequencies of the flexible link. Simulation and experiments have been carried out to test the method presented. The results have confirmed that our method eliminates residual vibration effectively.


Alkyllithium Addition to 1,8-Naphthyridine Tae-gyu Nam,a Maikel Wijtmans,a,1 Derek A. Pratt,*b,2 Ned A. Porter*a a Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA b Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA E-mail: email@example.com; E-mail: email@example.com Received 15 February 2005 This manuscript is dedicated to Bernd and Anne Giese for their many contributions to the organic and bioorganic communities.