This paper presents a systematic review on halal supply chain (HSC) topic. HSC is a growing concept (since 2008) as a spin-off from classic supply chain concept due to the increasing awareness of delivering halal products for Muslim as well as non-Muslim customers. The study has reviewed 88 papers (65 empirical ones) and provides four main findings. Firstly, in term of theory, theory of planned behavior, theory of reasoned action, and arc of integration approach are the most theories used for studying HSC. Secondly, the choice of quantitative method dominates the empirical papers on HSC studies. Thirdly, the majority of HSC studies were conducted in Muslim countries with the food and beverage industries as the main studied sectors. Fourth, based on the results from social network analysis (SNA), the HSC studies are clustered into three research themes, namely HSC related issues, food issues, and supporting system issues. The study suggests future research agendas such as elaborating theoretical and methodological aspects by examining the three research themes. These would contribute to the HSC body of knowledge.


In principle nucleon‐nucleon bremsstrahlung remains one of the most direct and least ambiguous ways of investigating the off‐energy‐shell behaviour of the NN interaction. Model calculations, such as that by Heller,1 indicate that in the symmetric Harvard geometry2 of the off‐shell effects are largest for high bombarding energies and small proton opening angles. Heller's calculation also shows that for the particular model and geometry he used, off‐shell effects are fairly small for the conditions of previous experiments. Thus motivated we have measured ppy cross sections at a somewhat higher bombarding energy (200 MeV) and over proton angles significantly smaller than in previous experiments. Two sets of data were taken covering intervals centered at 13° and 16.3°, respectively. Preliminary results from the 16.3° data re reported here.


7588 Background: We completed a phase I trial of cisplatin and dose-escalated gemcitabine in a hyperthermic intra-operative lavage (IOHC) following extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP arm) or extended pleurectomy (PD arm). Primary and secondary endpoints including gemcitabine MTD (1000 mg/m2 with 175 mg/m2 cisplatin) and pharmacokinetics, toxicity and mortality were reported (IMIG congress, 9/11-14/2012, abstract IIB.4 [1]). To define phase II indications, we explored patient outcome in comparison to published phase II results of a similar trial using cisplatin IOHC alone following EPP (J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2009, 138:405 [2]). Methods: The protocol was registered and IRB approved. Informed consent was obtained. Overall survival was calculated from the date of surgery to the date of death or censored at the date of most recent contact. Patients who were treated on the EPP arm at 500 to 1000 mg/m2 gemcitabine dose levels were included, grouped by epithelial (E) or non-epithelial (NE) histological subtype. M...


Extracted from text ... NEWS & VIEWS FOR MAGISTRATES
7
The decision of the Constitutional
Court of Juleiga Daniels v Robin
Grieve Campbell and 9 others was handed
down on 11 March 2004. The case
concerned the constitutional validity of
the Intestate Succession Act 81 of 1987
and the Maintenance of Surviving
Spouses Act 27 of 1990 in so far as they
failed to include persons married
according to Muslim rites as spouses for
the purposes of these Acts.
In Daniels the Constitutional Court
declared that:
(i) the word "spouse" as used in the
Intestate Succession Act, includes the
surviving partner to a monogamous ..


In the past two decades, the semidefinite programming (SDP) technique has been proven to be extremely successful in the convexification of hard optimization problems appearing in graph theory, control theory, polynomial optimization theory, and many areas in engineering. In particular, major power optimization problems, such as optimal power flow, state estimation, and unit commitment, can be formulated or well approximated as SDPs. However, the inability to efficiently solve large-scale SDPs is an impediment to the deployment of such formulations in practice. Motivated by the significant role of SDPs in revolutionizing the decision-making process for real-world systems, this paper designs a low-complexity numerical algorithm for solving sparse SDPs, using the alternating direction method of multipliers and the notion of tree decomposition in graph theory. The iterations of the designed algorithm are highly parallelizable and enjoy closed-form solutions, whose most expensive computation amounts to eigenvalue decompositions over certain submatrices of the SDP matrix. The proposed algorithm is a general-purpose parallelizable SDP solver for sparse SDPs, and its performance is demonstrated on the SDP relaxation of the optimal power flow problem for real-world benchmark systems with more than 13 600 nodes.


In model experiments on the crayfish Daphnia magna Straus, the importance of peculiar disturbing cellular effects of low radiation was studied. We showed that even at a dose of 0.1 Gy, which is a thousand times lower than predicted as lethal (100 Gy), the probability of the animals' death increases. The process was registered for the greater part of Daphnia's lifetime. The frequency of death of irradiated animals did not increase with doses increasing from 1 to 20 Gy. Because cellular dose-independent effects were found on the subjects of various species (including rats), we decided that these effects may affect the viability of mammals even at low doses of radiation.


A community service has been carried out with the topic of Scientific Publication Training in the National Journal for Teachers of SMP Negeri 2 Buay Madang Timur which is embodied in an agenda with the theme of Publication Management. This service aims to provide training and understanding of scientific publications in the teacher's morning national journal. The method implemented is using training and mentoring methods regarding scientific publications in national journals. In the activity carried out several stages of material topics that lead to the main goal. The stages of the material presented include the importance of scientific publications to teachers, then continued with an explanation of what components are contained in scientific publications, and finally the practice of scientific publication training. After the activity took place the teacher felt helped by this training. Teachers become more aware of the importance of scientific publications for teachers, one of which is for functional promotions, teachers become more aware of how to make good and correct scientific papers, and teachers know and know how to publish scientific papers through the online submission process..


Mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were produced by using yellow grouper nervous necrosis virus (YGNNV) as an immunogen, isolated from infected yellow grouper, Epinephelus awoara (Temminck & Schlegel), and propagated in GB cells. In enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), 43 hybridoma clones secreting MAbs strongly reacted with the purified virus. Ten of them showed a higher neutralization index (NI) value between 6.5 and 4.5 (log10 NI) than the other 33 MAbs against YGNNV infection in cell culture. All 10 MAbs belonged to the IgG isotype with a κ light chain and recognized the 42 kDa coat protein of YGNNV by Western blot analysis. Immunohistochemical results demonstrated that the viral signals co-located with pathological lesions observed in retina, brain and spinal cord. These results indicate that the MAbs are useful for confirmative diagnosis of YGNNV infection.


The present research aims to discuss about Cloud Computing, which is increasingly
attracting the attention of IT managers and professionals with the premise of being a
new model that will change the way in which the services will be structured and presented.
The present work will be developed epistemologically through analyzes in
books, internet, magazines, among other means that seek the best performance in
qualitative research. It will address issues in the corporate environment, aiming to
evaluate in a macro way if the perspectives with this new technology will fill the business
desires of corporations. It will examine whether organizations are poised to embrace
and migrate to Cloud Computing, and address key security issues, which is
one of the most important issues in deploying cloud services. Finally, we will also
discuss the main services and applications that currently exist and future perspectives
in the world.


The curriculum of Chinese is an integrated organism,whichever is lacking or not enough,it is not perfect.Object is the core of the curriculum of Chinese;the nature,the materials and the instruction are all developed around it.For the curriculum of Chinese,the materials and the instruction consist of the left and right hand;the essential unity of language make up the left and right foot and the teacher form the head,whose quality's improvement is the key to the reform of the curriculum of Chinese.


In this article, multiple comparison procedures with the average of scale parameters for normal and exponential populations are proposed. A subset selection procedure and a confidence interval procedure are investigated. These procedures will have broad applicability in identifying groups of treatments with smaller than the average, larger than the average and not different from the average variability in various fields. Bonferroni inequality is used to bound the probability of a correct selection and the coverage probability of confidence intervals. The Pearson's approximation to the sampling distribution of the log chi-square ratio utilized in both subset selection and confidence intervals is shown to be satisfactory compared with the simulation results. Statistical tables to implement these procedures for the case of equal sample sizes are provided for use in practice.


An efficient and convergent four-step synthetic route to the CXCR4 chemokine receptor antagonist AMD070 (1) has been developed which employs only a single chromatographic step in the entire sequence. Novel reductive amination methods have been developed for the coupling of 2 and 3 in which a dehydrative imine formation is followed by reduction with an attenuated borohydride reagent (zinc chloride and sodium borohydride). Selective extraction methods were employed to purify synthetic intermediates and remove reagents and impurities. A procedure has also been developed to isolate 1 in a pure crystalline form.


AbstractThis study sought to determine characteristics of both persisting and non persisting vocationally undecided male students and to develop a predictive equation to help identify probable persisters and probable nonpersisters. Demographic, academic, health, and psychological factors previously found to differentiate persisting and nonpersisting college students were examined for all vocationally undecided male students entering Pennsylvania State University. The investigation focused on the identification of differences between the two groups and items which separate and predict group membership. Although complexly interrelated, two themes seem to emerge: (1) motivation to a college degree and (2) academic interest and performance.


The Sixth Lister Memorial Lecture was delivered by Dr Nathan B. Eddy in Adam House, Edinburgh on 1 October 1959. The lecture, which was endowed some years ago by J. F. Macfarlan & Co. Ltd and T. & H. Smith Ltd, is under the auspices of the Society of Chemical Industry. Dr Eddy is Chief of the Section on Analgesics at the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland and Secretary to the Committee on Drug Addiction and Narcotics of the National Research Council.


Key Points HIV-specific T cell responses persist despite long-term viral suppression. Timing of ART initiation impacts the quality of the HIV-specific T cell responses. Baseline PBMC transcriptome is different in HIV-infected children treated early. Early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in vertically HIV-infected children limits the size of the virus reservoir, but whether the time of treatment initiation (TI) can durably impact host immune responses associated with HIV infection is still unknown. This study was conducted in PBMC of 20 HIV-infected virally suppressed children on ART (mean age 9.4 y), classified as early treated (ET; age at ART initiation ≤0.5 y, n = 14) or late treated (LT; age at ART initiation 1–10 y, n = 6). Frequencies and functions of Ag-specific CD4 (CD40L+) and CD8 (CD69+) T cells were evaluated by intracellular IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α production with IL-21 in CD4 or CD107a, granzyme B and perforin in CD8 T cells following stimulation with HIV gp140 protein (ENV) or GAG peptides by multiparameter flow cytometry. ET showed a higher proportion of cytokine-producing ENV- and GAG-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells compared with LT. In particular, ET were enriched in polyfunctional T cells. RNA sequencing analysis showed upregulation of immune activation pathways in LT compared with ET. Our results suggest that timing of TI in HIV-infected children has a long-term and measurable impact on the quality of the HIV-specific T cell immune responses and transcriptional profiles of PBMC, reinforcing the importance of early TI.


The present study was carried out at ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi during 2020–21to evaluate the differential reaction of 69 germplasm accessions representing black gram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] landraces and its crop wild relatives for resistance against Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) under artificial infestation et-up using 'No-choice test' method and analyze their genetic diversity using SSR markers. After emergence of adult beetles, the accessions were studied for the growth parameters like total oviposition, exit holes, adult emergence (AE), per cent seed weight loss (PSWL) and growth index (GI), which varied significantly. Based on the key traits, viz. AE and PSWL, the accessions were categorized into six groups, viz. immune (I), resistant (R), moderately resistant (MR), moderately susceptible (MS), susceptible (S) and highly susceptible (HS). Accessions IC259504 (Vigna vexillata) and IC424616 (Vigna mungo) were immune and resistant to bruchid infestation respectively. Moreover, the genetic diversity parameters such as allele number, PIC values and observed heterozygosity indicated considerable diversity among the accessions. The reported immune and resistant accessions could be used as donor parents in the Vigna breeding programme for transferring bruchid resistance factor(s) to agronomically superior cultivars.


Objective To determine the levels of plasma reduced glutathione (GSH),oxidized glutathione(GSSG) and serum reduced coenzyme II (NADPH),oxidized coenzyme II(NADP+) to explore the redox state changes of OSAHS in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS)without complications and in those with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome associated hypertension(OSANHAHT).Methods The levels of plasma GSH,GSSG and serum NADPH,NADP+ were determined by spectrophotography and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in groups OSAHS (OSAHS patients without complications,n=20),OSAHANT (n=19) and control (n=19).Results There was significant difference in levels of plasma GSH,GSSG and serum NADPH,NADP between 3 groups (P0.01).The levels of plasma GSH/GSSG and serum NADPH/ NADP+ were lower in OSAHS group than in control and lower in PSAHAHT group than in OSAHS group(P0.05),and negatively correlated with AHI,CT90%,ODI and ArI.Conclusion The changes of GSH/GSSG and NADPH/ NADP+,existing in OSAHS patients,are correlated with the severity of OSAHS;redox state changes are more pronounced in OSAHAHT patients.


A Transient Network Analyzer (TNA) is a large, controlled hardware simulation environment for studying electrical faults. Background is presented on how the university acquired a TNA from a public utility and adapted it for use in teaching and research. System is described with specifications. Capstone design process combined with a solid funded followup serves as a means to leverage the creation of such large research tools. Details of ideas for design, implementation, projects, and data collection are presented.


Objective
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy (PTCS) in the treatment of choledocholithiasis complicated with acute cholangitis.

Methods
Clinical data of 95 patients with choledocholithiasis complicated with acute cholangitis undergoing selective operation after PTCD in Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang from November 2012 to November 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 44 patients were male and 51 female, aged (55±9) years on average. The informed consents of all patients were obtained and the local ethical committee approval was received. All patients underwent emergent PTCD and received secondary operation after infection control. Patients were divided into the PTCS group (n=43) and laparoscopic common bile duct exploration group (LCBDE group, n=52) according to different surgical methods. In the PTCS group, patients received laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) + PTCS lithotomy, whereas those in the LCBDE group received LC + LCBDE + T-tube drainage. The operation time and postoperative removal time of biliary drainage tube were statistically compared between two groups by t test. The incidence of postoperative complications was compared by Chi-square test.

Results
All patients completed the operation successfully without conversion to open surgery. In the PTCS group, the operation time and postoperative removal time of biliary drainage tube were (90±16) min and (8.0±1.4) d, significantly shorter than (184±18) min, (31.3±1.8) din the LCBDE group (t=-26.620, -70.555; P 0.05). The stone removal rate was 100% in both groups. The follow-up time was 12-36 months with a median of 26. No recurrence of stones or cholangitis was found during the postoperative follow-up.

Conclusions
PTCS is a safe and efficacious surgical treatment for choledocholithiasis complicated with acute cholangitis, which causes mild trauma and accelerates postoperative recovery.

Key words:
Choledocholithiasis; Cholangitis; Cholangioscopy; Drainage


Rather than focusing on the questionable Supreme Court decision which put an end to the cliff-hanger of the last presidential election, or on the dysfunctioning of the Electoral College, this article examines one of the structural trends which made this electoral crisis possible in the first place, namely the partisan and ideological stalemate between the two candidates. The gradual transformation of American parties into top-down organizations geared towards fund-raising, while labor unions and the advocacy groups left behind by the social movements of the 1960's have retreated from grassroots political organization to concentrate on Washington-based lobbying and litigation, have increasingly weakened the connection between people and politics. Candidates are all the more disengaged from any program commitment as the new conservatives have infused political rhetoric with the apolitical theme of "values", whereas the Clinton legacy of "Goldilocks" (third-way) politics has further blurred the partisan divide between Republicans and Democrats. In their search for a bipartisan center, candidates have no clear mandate and offer little accountability, other than the promotion of the hidden agendas of their core constituencies.


All political systems are the products of culture. Chinese Political Consultative System is a form of democratic politics constructed under the guidance of the cultural mentality which comprises "Equality" and "Communication",its aim being to reach a political identity,to enhance social unity and harmony.Political Consultative System originates from the concept of "harmoniousness" with its characteristics and value permeated through the spirit of traditional culture of "golden mean" and "harmony".Meanwhile,with the essence of "seeking common ground while reserving differences,with the existence of differences" the Political Consultative System is beneficial to the unification of the demand for social "diversification " and "consistency norms" with its significant role in promoting the construction of a harmonious society.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to recognize the benefits of the initial coin offering (ICO) as a way of raising funds and to present a detailed comparison between the ICO and the initial public offering to realize the future possibilities that this new funding method holds.

Design/methodology/approach
It is an exhaustive review of the ICO, the mechanism of crowdfunding, the blockchain technology behind it, benefits and current shortcomings of the ICO, and the potential future development of the ICO as a convenient and efficient way of raising capital.

Findings
ICOs have brought billions of dollars of funding to startups and projects worldwide in less than two years. Concurrently, many successful ICOs yielded extremely high returns to investors and believers of this new way of funding businesses.

Research limitations/implications
While the ICO is a revolutionary vehicle for business funding, it has raised concerns among users as well as potential investors about its risk and lack of regulation. The future of this innovative funding method highly depends on further development and placement of appropriate regulatory supervision, better understanding of risk and benefits and attaining the confidence of users.

Originality/value
This is a review of the advantages and drawbacks of the ICO. If the current fraud, market and cybersecurity risks can be mitigated and standardized regulations are developed, the ICO has a future to become an established way of capital funding or even replace the existing options, regardless of the size and age of companies.


Geoneutrinos are electron antineutrinos ($\bar\nu_e$) generated by the beta-decays of radionuclides naturally occurring inside the Earth, in particular $^{238}$U, $^{232}$Th, and $^{40}$K. Measurement of these neutrinos provides powerful constraints on the radiogenic heat of the Earth and tests on the Earth models. Since the prediction of $\bar\nu_e$'s in geoneutrino flux is subject to neutrino oscillation effects, we performed a calculation including detailed oscillation analysis in the propagation of geoneutrinos and reactor neutrinos generated around the Earth. The expected geoneutrino signal, the reactor neutrino background rates and the systematic error budget are provided for a proposed 3-kiloton neutrino detector at the Jinping underground lab in Sichuan, China. In addition, we evaluated sensitivities for the geoneutrino flux, Th/U ratio and power of a possible fission reactor in the interior of Earth.


1. Introduction In [1] the following three questions have been asked, and answered: For which values of f is there a convex polyhedron whose faces consist of (i) f triangles? (Ans f = 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, …) (ii) f quadrilaterals? (Ans f = 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, …) (iii) f pentagons? (Ans f = 12, 16, 18, 20, 22, …)


This paper reported a improvement in 2-D gel electrophoresis of the proteome in female cones of the female-sterile Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. An IPGphorTM unit with immobile pH gradient strips was used in and the EttanTM DALT Ⅱ system under constant power and tempera- ture in SDS-PAGE. The 2-D gel was stained by both methods of coomassie blue and silver. Extraction of proteins, pH of the strips, rehydration of the strips and other parameters were optimized and compared. Higher repeatability and better separating protein pattern could be gained by this technique.


Abstract : This report covers the research performed to create and develop a digital signature design analysis and development methodology that will support robust multi-user communications in rapidly changing environments. Short-data-record adaptive filtering analysis and development was also performed to support the multi-user signature design algorithms in terms of its performance in and application to multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems.


The presence of particulate matter (PM) in medical products and manufacturing processes is a wellestablished and accepted fact. Regulators have strict rules regarding the size distribution and number of particles that are allowed in medical products. Therefore, understanding and controlling the PM in manufacturing processes and their resultant products becomes a crucial task for the healthcare and pharmaceutical industry. In this work, we introduce a method that can provide full characterization of the PM population present in a medical product or manufacturing process, ranging from aggregate measures of the total number of particles and their size distribution to data on each individual particle, including the size, shape, and most importantly, chemical and elemental composition. Such information gives valuable, statistically unbiased insight into the full PM population, and helps to pinpoint and identify strategies to eliminate the primary sources of the PM in an accurate and proactive manner if necessary.


Within the scope of quality management, the determination of measurement uncertainties is increasingly gaining importance. In this context the 'Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement'(GUM) provides the physical and mathematical concept and fundamentals. It can be applied to all physical measurements. However, in measurements of pressure levels in sound fields in room or building acoustics, the relative uncertainties can be very large. The question is what implications this has for the calculation of uncertainties. The basic ideas of the GUM will be outlined and then applied to different modeled sound fields. The results obtained with the linearised model usually used will be compared to exact results.


e13106 Background: With more centers getting accredited as a bone marrow transplant (BMT) unit, attention has shifted to healthcare care quality metrics such as readmissions. Previous studies have shown high rates of 30-day readmission to be associated with worse long term survival. Except a few single center studies there is no viable data for readmissions for patients undergoing BMT. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study using the National Readmission Database (NRD) for 2014. All adults with index admission for BMT (autologous and allogenic) were included. Exclusion criteria was age < 18 years, mortality during index admission and inter-hospital transfers. ICD 9 codes were used to identify diagnoses and procedures. Results: A total of 3,972 admissions for BMT were identified. Among these 2,462 underwent autologous (AU) and 1,510 underwent allogenic (AL) transplant, respectively. 30-day readmission rate was 8.6% in AU and 8.2% in AL group. The mean age was 55.9 years and 47.8 years in the AU and AL group, respectively. About 40.5% were females in the AU group and 44.4% in the AL group. Major co-morbidities included Smoking (22.7% in AU and 19.1% in AL), diabetes (13.8% in AU and 12.4% in AL), chronic kidney disease (10% in AU and 4.3% in AL) and prior irradiation (5.7% in AU and 4.5% in AL). Mean length of stay during the index admission was 18 days in AU and 26 days in AL group. Principle diagnosis for undergoing transplant was found as multiple myeloma (59.2% in AU) and AML (25.2% in AL). Major etiologies for readmission were neutropenia (26.9% in AU and 15.8% in AL) followed by Infectious etiologies 26% in AU and 20.4% in AL group, nausea and vomiting 4.3% in AU and 3.2% in AL group. Dehydration accounted for 5.7% in AU group and mucositis 5.7% in AL group. Conclusions: There is a significant readmission rate in this study population. 30-day readmissions in this population are primarily due to neutropenia and infectious etiologies including sepsis and pneumonia. Nausea, vomiting and dehydration played a major role in both categories and remain a major targetable group. We believe there is a dire need for major studies to further evaluate risk factors and predictors for readmission and their impact on overall survival. [Table: see text]


The effect of type, concentration, temperature of sugar solution and soaking time on quality of the apple chips produced by explosion-puffing drying technology were studied by measuring the soluble solids concentration of sugar solution. The results showed that the ideal products could be obtained under the conditions as followed: concentration of mal-todextrin 250 g/L, temperature 50℃ and soaking time 15 min.


Introduction: Acute myeloid leukemia is an aggressive malignancy characterized by relapse and resistance to therapy. When treated with standard chemotherapy 60-80% of patients will achieve a remission however most will suffer a relapsed and once relapsed the disease is much more resistant to repeated treatment. Despite the central role of resistance little is known about the mechanism of chemotherapy responsiveness in AML. Our laboratory has previous shown a metabolic shift occurs in AML cells following chemotherapy exposure with increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption leading to resistance. Adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a central metabolic regulator and leading candidate to coordinate this metabolic shift. However, the role of AMPK in chemotherapy response in AML is unknown.
 Methods: A Cas9 expressing AML model was generated and partially infected with a lentiviral vector coding an sgRNA targeting the alpha 1 subunit of AMPK, PRKAA1. This subunit was chosen as cell line and clinical expression datasets demonstrated that AML cells expressed little or none of the second alpha subunit PRKAA2. PRKAA1 deleted clones (AMPK KO) were isolated and loss of PRKAA1 expression and AMPK activity were confirmed. AMPK KO cells were characterized for responsiveness to chemotherapy, metabolic inhibitors and the DNA damage response.
 Results: Consistent with a role in response to chemotherapy AML cells treated with cytarabine demonstrated a significant increase in AMPK activation. When partially AMPK deleted populations were treated with cytarabine or doxorubicin a significant enrichment was seen in the deleted cells suggesting that loss of AMPK promotes therapy resistance. To confirm this finding isogeneic AML cell lines were treated with chemotherapy. AMPK KO cells were significantly more resistant to doxorubicin and cytarabine compared to isogeneic controls expressing an sgRNA targeting the ROSA26 (ROSA KO) safe harbor locus. When the mechanism of this resistance was explored AMPK KO cells were found to have diminished H2AX, p53 and p21 induction following exposure to doxorubicin culminating in a decrease in apoptosis. To assess if this resistant phenotype was present in vivo, AMPK KO or ROSA KO cells were tail vein injected into sub-lethally irradiated mice. Upon confirmation of engraftment mice were treated with a combination of cytarabine and doxorubicin. AMPK KO mice had a significantly decreased survival following treatment then treated ROSA controls. Additionally, AMPK KO and ROSA KO cells were treated with the glycolysis inhibitor 2-Deoxyglucose, the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine and the fatty acid oxidation inhibitor extomoxir. In all cases AMPK KO cells were significantly more resistant to these agents than the ROSA KO cells suggesting a proapoptotic role of AMPK following exposure to metabolic inhibitors. Finally, the clinical relevance of these findings was assessed by examining outcomes of AML patients treated with chemotherapy in relationship to their levels of PRKAA1 expression. Patients with the lowest expression of PRKAA1 had a significantly worse overall survival consistent with our findings.
 Conclusions: In AML cells activated AMPK provides pro-apoptotic signaling in response to DNA damaging agents allowing incorporation of metabolic status into cell fate decisions following treatment. Utilization of metabolic inhibitors that activate AMPK in combination with chemotherapy should be explored in the treatment of AML.

 Pardee: Karyopharm: Research Funding; Novartis: Speakers Bureau; Rafael Pharmaceuticals: Employment; Celgene: Speakers Bureau; Amgen: Speakers Bureau.


Tropical forest can stabilize CO2 concentration in atmosphere by absorbing CO2 through photosynthesis process and store it in forest biomass. Carbon stock information in forest biomass is required to facilitate carbon sink programme. This study aims to calculate carbon pools and carbon sequestration, and to simulate the dynamics of carbon stocks in the tropical lowland savanna by using the Carbon Accounting Simulation Software (CASS) programme. The study was located at Taman Wisata Alam Camplong (Camplong Nature Recreation Park), Camplong village, Kupang Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. Plots size of 20 m x 100 m were established in six study sites. The scenario for this research was divided into 3 scenarios i.e. Scenario 1 (Natural and traditional forest management) was applied for virgin dry forest and traditional agroforestry sites, Scenario 2 (Timber-based plantation forest management), and Scenario 3 (Non timber-based plantation forest management). The results show that the carbon concentration of Traditional agroforestry system (or Mamar forest) were up to 52% higher than virgin dry forest. Carbon stock of living vegetation and soil were increased with a decreasing of harvesting rotation and reached the highest level in Mamar forest (273.558 gC/m2/year and 344.042 gC/m2/year). Timber-based plantations with mixed species had the next higher value of carbon stock, and the non-timber-based plantation forest was the third. In the study sites, managing the dry forest for timber is compatible with maximizing carbon storage if appropriate harvesting practices are used.


1 Ted R. Miller, 2 Nancy N. Carlson, Ph.D., 3 Diane Lestina, B.S. Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, 11720 Beltsville Drive, Suite 900Calverton, Maryland,USA and Curtin University Centre for Population Health Research,Perth, Australia. Assistant Professor, Graduate Counseling Program, University of the District of Columbia, Connecticut Avenue, NW,Building 44--Suite 200 Washington. College Station, Texas. email@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com


Consider a renewal process [N(t), t>0]. For fixed t > 0 and each n ≥ 1, let yn,1, …, Yn,n be independent exponentials each having mean t/n, independent of the renewal process. Ross [2] developed a recursion for the sequence of approximations mn = EN(Yn,1 + … + Yn,n) that converges to m(t)if the renewal function m(·) = EN(·) is continuous at t > 0. In this note, we derive an upper bound on the rate of convergence of this sequence under mild conditions on m near t. Tightness of this bound is discussed in terms of regularity conditions on m.


Policy-oriented researchers tend to adopt the premises of the political actors they aim to advise. In the case of security policy, they therefore often assume that non-state armed groups would pose a problem for international security and "development." In particular, non-state armed groups would be the reason and result at the same time for the alleged "failed state" or "state collapse" phenomenon. Empirical grounded studies, however, show that these assumptions do not meet reality.1 Rather, amongst other reasons, these notions seem to be grounded in the legalistic ideals of policymakers. Even though Western foreign policymakers supported non-state armed groups during the Cold War and have done so more currently during the "Arab Spring," they tend to judge the government side in internal conflicts more positively. In reality, however, government positions in the "Global South" are often inhabited by people who, just like their opponents, use repressive means against the civilian population. Frequently, they also have a personal background in non-state armed groups-just as leaders of the latter were often educated in state institutions.2 As far as internal conflicts are concerned, therefore, it does make more sense to see these two sides as warring factions in an internal power struggle. This leads to the big questions whether (Western) states and international organisations such as NATO should intervene in such countries and whether external statebuilding and peacebuilding can work at all.3These big questions will be put aside here, however. Instead, the scope of this study will be limited to discussion of the impact of actions taken to engage the leaders of non-state armed groups. Terms such as "terrorists" and "extremists," and to some extent even "insurgents," are seen here as rather normative descriptions by practitioners with no analytical content. As such, they do not differentiate between observable phenomena but give negative meaning to political opponents ("One man's terrorist is another man's freedom fighter"). Armed groups often apply different tactics, but as history shows these relate more to their capabilities and situation. So, while well-established groups can in some cases even afford small armies with tanks and openly control territory, smaller groups are limited to relatively cheap actions such as bomb attacks in unprotected areas of their enemy's territory. This does not touch upon the nature of conflict, however, in which both sides in the Clausewitzian sense try to impose their will on the enemy to achieve a political goal.4 In this sense, a non-state group's bomb attack in a shopping mall to persuade a government to grant independence to a certain area of a state is no more communicative than a nuclear bomb dropped by regular forces to persuade another government to surrender.5To be able to assess the effects of certain forms of engagement towards leaders of non-state armed groups, it is decisive to point out how these organisations work. Empirical evidence will be taken from various cases but particularly from Afghanistan, the location of NATO's most intense and costly mission to date. Non-state armed groups shall be seen as social associations in which actions have to be coordinated-most effectively through hierarchical relations and orders.6 As the famous sociologist Max Weber pointed out, leadership relations are created either personally or through bureaucratic rules. While the former usually takes place in smaller, less complex organisations, the latter commonly applies to larger, more complex and functionally differentiated ones.7 Similar to the societies of the Global South where current non-state armed groups come into being, their interior relations are in most cases dominated by personal rule by charismatic leaders. These leadership systems are similar to patron-client relations, consisting of one or few commanders at the top and clients underneath them, with these clients being the patrons of others, and so on. …


At the early development of our national interior auditing system,the government has no intention to interfere with the establishment of interior auditing system for the privately operated enterprises.Along with the development of privately operated enterprises,and the need for enhancing management benefit,the privately operated enterprises spontaneously carried out the internal auditing work.But their independent development has resulted in problems.Along with development of our national interior auditing system and its consummation,the interior auditing system for the privately operated enterprises is surely to be gradually brought into line with government management.And the interior auditing system for the privately operated enterprises will certainly obtain further development under the impetus of the national system.


We consider two broad categories of incentives by which a manufacturer can motivate its retailers to provide high customer satisfaction: 1 manufacturer assistance that reduces the retailer's cost of providing customer satisfaction CS assistance; and 2 customer satisfaction index CSI bonus. We show that if a retailer has a long-term orientation, CS assistance is a more effective coordination mechanism that induces the retailer to expend more effort at customer satisfaction. However, if the retailer has a short-term orientation, CSI bonus is a more effective coordination mechanism. We then show that a long-term oriented retailer is more valuable to a manufacturer than a short-term oriented one. Finally, we show that the use of CS incentives results in greater profits for both the manufacturer and the retailer.


AbstractThis paper deals with a global intelligent 3D digitizing algorithm, which allows increasing the quality of the resulting cloud of points. Built from quality analysis and characteristic line extraction, the algorithm computes a new path belonging to an admissible space with the objective of increasing the quality of the new resulting points cloud. The extraction work is performed thanks to a scale space algorithm, based on an iterative projection algorithm and the concept of mean curvature motion (MCM). The scale space framework allows us to perform the detection at a coarse scale without any noise or digitizing error interference and to project the result back onto the original point cloud. Thus all the details of the real object's shape can be identified. Several applications illustrate geometrical feature extraction and global intelligent 3D digitizing within the context of RE. An application is also proposed to compute the distance between the real object shape and an existent CAD-model for con...


Based on growth rate methods,antifungal activities of different parts of Platycladus orientalis ethanol extract were assayed against 21 kinds of plant fungi.The results showed the inhibition rates of extract from the leaves,branchlets,cones and seeds of P.orientalis against 4 kinds of plant fungi were notable at 50 g/L (amount to the quality of drying P.orientalis).The antifungal activity of extract of P.orientalis leaves was best;the EC50 of leaves extract against Coniothyrium diplodiella,Elsinoe ampelina,Phytophthora melongenae and Penicillium expansum were 5.424,3.186,8.913 and 19.000 g/L respectively.The antifungal activities of extracts by petroleum ether,ethyl acetate and n-butanol against Valsa mali and E.ampelina was tested,the results showed that the antifungal activities of extracts by petroleum ether,ethyl acetate were both notable.At 0.5 g/L,the inhibition rates of petroleum ether extract against V.mali and E.ampelina were 80.35% and 60.23% respectively.The inhibition rates of ethyl acetate extract were 81.88% and 64.06% respectively.In one word:the ethanol extract of leaves,branchlets cones and seeds had antifungal activities and the antifungal activity of leaves extract was the best;the inhibition composition was in the petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extracts.


Attenuation coefficient imaging stands to enhance the value of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) in clinical assessment of dysplasia. We present results combining novel signal processing and hardware strategies to more accurately acquire and analyze scattering properties in tissue to extract clinically meaningful morphological information.


Liver cell transplantation (LCT) aims to correct inborn liver function defects by infusing metabolically active cells into the diseased liver. Further improvement in LCT might depend on the prevention of early loss of transplanted cells. As tissue factor (TF)‐dependent activation of coagulation was found to contribute to a low rate of beta cell engraftment in islet transplantation, we investigated the potential procoagulant activity (PCA) of hepatocyte preparations. TF expression on hepatocyte preparations was assessed by flow cytometry, reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence. PCA depending on TF was evaluated in human plasma and in whole blood systems. Coagulation parameters were followed by routine techniques in a LCT recipient Crigler‐Najjar patient. We determined that hepatocytes express soluble and membrane‐bound forms of TF. We showed that hepatocytes exert a TF‐dependent PCA. In parallel, delayed increase in D‐dimer levels was observed following the hepatocyte infusions in the Crigler‐Najjar patient. Furthermore, in vitro experiments demonstrated that TF‐dependent PCA of hepatocytes is inhibited by N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine. In conclusion, hepatocytes exert TF‐dependent PCA, which may contribute to early loss of infused cells. Addition of N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine to the suspensions of hepatocytes might be beneficial in LCT by inhibiting activation of coagulation. Liver Transpl 13:599–606, 2007. © 2007 AASLD.


Two different morphologies of three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical ZnO nanostructures with different building units (1D nanowires and 2D nanoplates) have been successfully synthesised through a simple hydrothermal synthetic approach, namely nanourchins and nanoflowers. Moreover, the comparative photocatalytic studies have shown that the photocatalytic activities of the nanoflowers are both 10% higher than that of nanourchins in the photodegradation of organic dyes Methylene Blue and Rhodamine B. This study might be a useful basis for the study of other metal oxides from the perspective of basic theory and practical applications.


Taking suspension bridge for example, this paper based on finite element theory and derived the formulas of pre-stressed modal computing theory of the bridge structure. Then to check the correctness of the theory, we calculated a real bridge model. Finally we get a theory to calculate bridge pre-stress modal.


After World War II and especially after the formation of the European Economic Community in 1958, France attracted a substantial portion of direct American investments in Europe.' While the increased tempo of American participation in the economy of France and the resurgence of nationalism led the French government in the early 1960s to discourage American investments, especially takeovers of French enterprises in certain industries,2 beginning in 1966 there was a


The increased population density in urban areas has caused buildings density that need to be identified to find out the development and growth of an area that requires clear planning. This research is using aerial mapping method to produce orthophoto area of Garuda - Tingang street. The on-screen digitation was carried out based on the aerial photo data result to determine the number of buildings and the total area of the building. Then, the classification of land cover vegetation and built up land were carried out. From the data processing, 1641 buildings were found on Garuda – Tingang street. The total area of the building is 35,478 hectares. Based on the Decree of the Minister of Public Works No.378/KPTS/1987, Appendix No.22 has a low building density level. The results of the classification state that the vegetation class has a total percentage of 42,969% and the built-up land class has the percentage of 57.031%.


The invention relates to a wheel-side reducer with a brake for a bracket carrier which mainly comprises the brake, a double-planet reducer, a brake shell body, a brake shell, an inner bracket, a braking spring, a friction plate, a bearing, a spline shaft sleeve, a stop block, a distance sleeve, a round nut, an internal annular gear, an end cover gear ring, planet gears, a sun gear, an air permeable cap, an oil drain plug, an oil filling hole and a fixing block. An output end of a travelling mechanism adopts a brake plus reducer integrated design, the brake adopts totally closed wet-type braking, a spring ring comprises 30 small springs, the ring friction plate comprises 8 static friction plates and 9 dynamic friction plates, integral braking and hydraulic releasing are carried out, the spline shaft sleeve and the double-planet reducer are connected, the reduction is realized by a first-grade planet gear and a second-grade planet gear, the transmission speed ratio is 40 to 1, and the reducer and a travelling wheel are connected, thus driving the whole vehicle to run. The device has advanced design, compact structure, small volume, good heat dissipation, steady running and safe and reliable properties.


This narrative review aims to highlight the shift in the paradigm of strengthening health systems in the African setting since the onset of the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic. Strengthening health systems involves upgrading a country's health-care system through increased funding for health infrastructure, health policy improvement, and universal health coverage (UHC). Inadequate funding for health infrastructure, erratic health policy, and the inability to meet UHC targets have contributed to high mortality rates among the continent's vulnerable groups. The COVID-19 pandemic has further exposed the weak health systems in many African countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Before the pandemic in Africa, the African health context's challenges essentially comprised weak health systems, weak governance and accountability, high rates of out-of-pocket expenditures, adverse social determinants of health, and non-harmonization of health aid and health service delivery. During the pandemic, a significant shift in the paradigm of strengthening health systems has occurred, with emphasis on increased funding for health infrastructure, which targets the following: Improvement of health infrastructure, the motivation of the health workforce, and improvement in laboratory facilities. It is hoped that the fallout from strengthening health systems in Africa after the pandemic can be sustained by a continental peer-review mechanism to monitor compliance with increased funding for the health sector among member nations. In the post-pandemic period, further gains in strengthening the health systems can be achieved by improving UHC (through increased funding for health insurance), constant capacity training for health care workers in critical care medicine, and institutionalization of hand hygiene.


Absract: Swamp-type buffaloes, the dominant buffalo species in China, have a high dietary adaptability and good disease resistance, are easy to raise, and hold promising potential for meat and dairy production although growing slowly. In the country, buffaloes are always used for traditional plough farming, which, however, have been gradually switched to dairy and meat production in recent years. This paper analyzes the current status of China's buffalo industry with respect to inventory, breeding economics, regional distribution of various breeds, slaughter performance as well as genetic breeding and meat quality. Some existing problems are pointed out and corresponding suggestions and countermeasures are put forward.


In order to achieve the comprehensive observation purpose of high-resolution and wide mapping goal, based on the multi-channel synthetic aperture radar (SAR) signal model in the millimeter wave band, the SAR imaging processing process with range multi-channel and azimuth multi-channel is analyzed, and the data of inertial guidance equipment is introduced to achieve parameter calibration for the problem that non-uniform channel reconstruction is easily affected by attitude error. Based on the Ka-band multi-channel SAR airborne flight data, the method is verified. The data processing results show that through two-dimensional multi-channel data processing, the azimuth ambiguity characteristics of SAR images under down-sampling can be effectively improved, and the noise characteristics can be optimized, and the image interpretability can be improved. The research results can provide a reference for the development and application of millimeter-wave multi-channel SAR imaging system.


A simple system was used to simulate the effect of alternating toxic (paralytic shellfish poisoning tox- ins) and non-toxic microalgal diets on oyster feeding behaviors and rates of toxin accumulation. These experimental conditions were meant to reflect, to some extent, the incoming and outgoing fluxes of toxic algae observed at the mouth of the Penze estuary (Northern Brittany, France). Physiological and toxicological parameters were estimated based on fluorescence measurements recorded continuously at the outlet of each experimental tank, which contained a single oyster. Qtox, this variable describes toxin uptake in oysters, it was used (instead of the toxin ingestion rate): i) in simple graphical analyses, ii) as well as in one- and two-compartment models. Results show that toxin uptake varies widely from one individual to another and is not proportional to the concentration of toxic algae in sea water. A one-compartment model with individual fluorescence recordings as "input" data gave questionable results, however, a two-compartment model was found to effectively describe contamination kinetics in oysters. Limitations of this model as well as possible improvements are discussed.


MapReduce includes three phases of map, shuffle, and reduce. Since the map phase is CPU-intensive and the shuffle phase is I/O-intensive, these phases can be conducted in parallel. This paper studies a joint scheduling optimization of overlapping map and shuffle phases to minimize the average job makespan. Challenges come from the dependency relationship between map and shuffle phases, since the shuffle phase may wait to transfer the data emitted by the map phase. A new concept of the strong pair is introduced. Two jobs are defined as a strong pair, if the shuffle and map workloads of one job equal the map and shuffle workloads of the other job, respectively. We prove that, if the entire set of jobs can be decomposed to strong pairs of jobs, then the optimal schedule is to pairwisely execute jobs that can form a strong pair. Following the above intuition, several offline and online scheduling policies are proposed. They first group jobs according to job workloads, and then, execute jobs within each group through a pairwise manner. Real data-driven experiments validate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed policies.


The O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification and autophagy are associated with diabetic myocardial injury, however, the molecular mechanisms between the two processes remain to be fully elucidated. The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the molecular regulation of autophagy by O-GlcNAc-modified synaptosomal-associated protein 29 (SNAP29) in diabetic myocardial injury. A rat model of type I diabetes was established via intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ; 55 mg/kg). Significant increases in the O-GlcNAc modification and accumulation of the autophagy markers microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3α II/I and P62, which suggest that autophagic flux is inhibited, were observed in rats 8 weeks following STZ induction. Subsequently, the selective O-GlcNAcase inhibitor, thiamet G, increased the level of O-GlcNAc modification, which further disrupted autophagic flux; deteriorated cardiac diastolic function, as indicated by an increased left ventricular filling peak velocity/atrial contraction flow peak velocity ratio shown by echocardiography; and exacerbated myocardial abnormalities, as characterized by cardiomyocyte disorganization and fat and interstitial fibrosis accumulation. By contrast, 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine, an inhibitor of glucosamine fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase isomerizing 1, acted as an O-GlcNAc antagonist and reduced the level of O-GlcNAc modification, which maintained autophagic flux and improved cardiac diastolic function. In vitro, high glucose (25 mM) was used to stimulate primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs). Consistent with the myocardium of diabetic rats, it was also shown in the NRCMs that O-GlcNAc modification of SNAP29 negatively regulated autophagic flux. The application of the short hairpin RNA interference lysosome-associated membrane protein (LAMP2) and the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine demonstrated that high glucose inhibited autophagy-mediated degradation rather than affected the initial stage of autophagy. Finally, co-immunoprecipitation was used to determine the role of the O-GlcNAc-modified substrate protein SNAP29, which acted as an SNAP29-syntaxin-17 (STX17)-vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 (VAMP8) complex during disease progression. The present study is the first, to the best of our knowledge, to demonstrate that SNAP29 is an O-GlcNAc substrate and that an increase in O-GlcNAc-modified SNAP29 inhibits SNAP29-STX17-VAMP8 complex formation, thereby inhibiting the degradation of autophagy and exacerbating myocardial injury in type I diabetic rats.


Quarrying dusts and its environmental contamination with potentially harmful elements has been assessed with 24 composite samples differentiated into inside and outside categories and detailed interpretation was carried out using SPSS and Microsoft Excel. SiO 2, Al 2 O 3 , MgO, CaO, K 2 O, Na 2 O, TiO 2 and Fe 2 O 3 range between 0,02-80.88%. The bauxitic portions (Al 2 O 3 -15.4 ) specify high clay percentage in the rock aggregate dust. Furthermore, SiO 2, Al 2 O 3 +TiO 2 and Fe 2 O 3 ternary plot signify highly more clastic rock aggregates with the exception of Sagamu (SA) limestone quarry dust. Triangular plot of LREE-MREE-HREE indicated that the LREE were more in all the quarry dust. It also specifies elevated LREE in the limestone quarry dusts. Statistics revealed high degree contamination of Arsenic and Lead signifying likely anthropogenic inputs of these metals. REE and Olonde as polluted quarry sites. Cu Pb As, high at Onigambari which may specify mineralization. The Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA=60.095-72.775) and the Chemical Index of (CIW=60.769-75.631) shows close relationship signifying high contents of muscovite and feldspar in the quarry dust.


It is a biological fact that the health of mother and child are interdependent. The care, attention and affection given by the mother to her young offspring are of major significance in the psychobiological development of the infant and indeed, in subsequent personality development. Suggestions have been made that special attention to a pregnant woman brings double health benefits: to her as an adult member of society, and to the outcome of her pregnancy. Although childbearing is a natural process, women all over the world do not possess full faith in the ability and self-sufficiency of the human body to deliver safely a healthy baby. Pregnancy has been described as a unique and ambiguous state for women: it is not a usual condition nor a medically pathological state, so it is especially problematic. Several influences are known to affect women's pregnancy outcome. Factors relating to the mother—such as age, parity (or the number of births she has had), her age at marriage, socio-economic status such as education, occupation and income, and past obstetric history, are likely to be interdependent in their influence on pregnancy outcome. However, complications of pregnancy and delivery brought about by the interdependence of these factors can be prevented by careful antenatal care. Presumably, this type of care is closely related with modern medical science, thus only available in clinics. Consequently, the prevention of the many complications of pregnancy rests more with seeking careful antenatal care from the clinic than with any other factors.


Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding, single-stranded RNAs regulating gene expression by hybridization to complementary sequences in target mRNAs. Aberrant miRNA expression has been found in a variety of human malignancies including B-cell leukemias and lymphomas. The polycistronic miR-17–92 cluster, which includes seven miRNAs (miR-17-5p, miR-17-3p, miR-18a, miR-19a, miR-20a, miR-19b-1, miR-92-1), resides in intron 3 of the C13orf25 gene located on human chromosome 13 and has recently been described to harbor oncogenic potential in a murine transplantation model. In addition, expression of the polycistron can be regulated by c-myc, which is also activated by the Bcr-Abl oncogene product. To study miRNA expression in CML, K562 cells were analyzed by microarray analysis (miCHIP) for normalized expression of 244 miRNAs following treatment either with imatinib to inhibit Bcr-Abl kinase activity or with specific anti bcr-abl shRNA to knock-down gene expression. Both of these treatment strategies led to a 2–4-fold reduction of six mature miRNAs (miR-17-5p, miR-17-3p, miR-18a, miR-20a miR-19b-1, miR-92–1) as compared to untreated control cells. The reduction of the miR-17–92 miRNA cluster expression was confirmed for each individual mature miRNA species encoded in the cluster by real-time RT-PCR. Treatment with either imatinib or anti-bcr-abl shRNA also down-regulates expression of mature miRNA miR-19a (>3-fold) in K562 cells as quantified by real-time RT-PCR. We next used PCR based quantification to analyze miR-17–92 expression in purified normal (n=4) and CML CD34+ cells harvested at diagnosis of chronic phase disease (n=16). Individual mature miRNAs of the cluster were up-regulated (2–6-fold) in CML as compared to normal CD34+ cells. Additionally, the pri-miRNA for the miR-17–92 cluster was up-regulated in 70% (7/10) of CML samples. Interestingly, retrovirus-mediated over-expression of the miR-17-19b-1 cluster in K562 cells mediates enhanced colony-formation of transduced cells. Furthermore, K562 cells expressing high levels of the miR-17-19b-1 cluster are more resistant to proliferation inhibition induced by specific anti-myc RNAi, indicating some functional role of the miR-17-92 cluster on proliferation and survival in this model. In summary, the polycistronic miR-17–92 cluster is up-regulated in early chronic phase CML CD34+ cells and may contribute to cellular transformation by the Bcr-Abl oncogene product.


Back ground: Adolescent is an experimental and transitional time to adulthood, they also susceptible to different sexual and reproductive health problems. Almost all of studies weren't addressed on repetition of parent–adolescent communication on sexual and reproductive health issues. This study aimed to assess repetition of parent-adolescent communication on sexual and reproductive health matters among secondary and preparatory school students in Yirgalem Town, South Ethiopia. Methods: An institution based cross sectional study was conducted in 2015.A 684 high school adolescents were recruited by simple random sampling method in Yirgalem Town. Focus group discussion qualitative was used through separately for female and male parents. Data were entered using Epi Info version 3.5.1 was exported and analyzed by SPSS version 20.Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to identify repetition of adolescent- parent communication. Results: Three hundred ninety (59.1%) respondents were discussed sexual and reproductive health issues with their parents. Parents 2.3 times monthly had discussed on HIV/AIDS than others [AOR = 2.296, 95% CI: 1.500-3.514]. Conclusion: Repetition of parent-adolescent communication on sexual and reproductive health matters were low. The mass media give coverage related to parent-adolescent communication, encourage role model families communication and community level to increase parent-adolescent communication.


An introductory outline of the history of the RIM-bumper and facia produc tion since its initiation in 1972 is given. The preference of PU-material is accounted by means of a material compari son with usual thermoplastics, thus, being given reasons for the current op timization work to the RIM-process. Then, today's technological manufacturing level is described by means of the modified RIM-materials as used, the process ing machines such as dosing machine, clamping-unit and mould, along with process technology, process control, preparatory work for the painting process and the painting technics themselves based on practical experience. Finally, the future aspects of the RIM-process are discussed. Self-releasing quick-action compounds processed in high accuracy steel moulds in clamping- units providing higher pressures, will allow the RIM-process to be fully auto mated. In connection with very short cycle times, in the early nineties, a pro duction-competitive in costs with injection moulding-in industrial scale manufacture will be arrived at, in polyurethane or polyurea RIM-processing.


The genus Homoranthus Cunn. ex Schauer is reviewed and its distinction from Darwinia Rudge and Verticordia DC. reassessed. Excessive weighting of the degree of incision of the sepal margin has obscured the inter- and intrageneric relationships which are evident when other features are considered. The following new species of Homoranthus are described: H. biforus, H.floydii, H. lunatus, H. melanostictus, H. monianus, H. prolixus and H. zeteticorurn; and the following new combinations made for species transferred to it from other genera: H. cernuus, H. decumbens, H. homoranthoides, H. porteri and H. thomasii. Two new species of Darwinia are described: D. briggsiae from New South Wales and D. salina from South Australia.


The field of Software Development Software Estimation in Software Engineering is critical due to its practical importance and very challenging due to the lack of a globally best model, able to predict accurately the effort (and therefore the cost) of any new software project. After a long research period on different models and their improvements, the research interest is directed towards ensemble methods, i.e. methods which combine the results of different single models. Furthermore, it is desirable to characterise the accuracy of models by different criteria. In this study, we develop a methodology based on the Data Envelopment Analysis technique, well-known in operation research, so as to rank different models based on multiple criteria and then to combine the best of them in order to achieve better prediction performance. The experimentation involves 93 models applied to 10 datasets and provides very promising results regarding the performance of the proposed ensemble approach.


By means of the local time method and the monotone iterative technique, we construct the minimal and maximal solutions of onedimensional Ito stochastic differential equations which have discontinuous and degenerate coefficients


Koopman et al. (2014) developed a method to consistently decompose gross exports in value-added terms that accommodate infinite repercussions of international and inter-sector transactions. This provides a better understanding of trade in value added in global value chains than does the conventional gross exports method, which is affected by double-counting problems. However, the new framework is based on monetary input--output (IO) tables and cannot distinguish prices from quantities; thus, it is unable to consider financial adjustments through the exchange market. In this paper, we propose a framework based on a physical IO system, characterized by its linear programming equivalent that can clarify the various complexities relevant to the existing indicators and is proved to be consistent with Koopman's results when the physical decompositions are evaluated in monetary terms. While international monetary tables are typically described in current U.S. dollars, the physical framework can elucidate the impact of price adjustments through the exchange market. An iterative procedure to calculate the exchange rates is proposed, and we also show that the physical framework is also convenient for considering indicators associated with greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.


A RP -HPLC absolute calibration-curve method for the determination of sulcotrione was established. The result show that the standard deviation, variation coefficient and recovery are 0.42%, 0.62%, 98-99.5%, respectively. The method is simple and accurate.


Background The performance of diffusion-weighted imaging parameters for characterizing hepatic tumors is controversial. Purpose To compare the performances of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM)-derived parameters, including the pure diffusion coefficient (D), perfusion coefficient (D*), and perfusion fraction (f), in the characterization of common solid hepatic tumors. Material and Methods Twelve healthy volunteers and 43 patients underwent free-breath diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) of the liver using eight b values (10–800 s/mm2). Twelve regions of interest (ROIs) of normal liver tissue in healthy volunteers and 49 hepatic lesions (23 hepatocellular carcinomas [HCCs], 16 hemangiomas, and 10 metastases) were measured. Conventional ADC(0,500) and ADCtotal obtained by the mono-exponential model, as well as D, D*, and f were calculated. Student t-tests and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were also performed. Results ADC(0,500), ADCtotal, and D were significantly lower in the malignant group ([1.48 ± 0.35] × 10−3 mm2/s; [1.35 ± 0.30] × 10−3 mm2/s; [1.18 ± 0.33] × 10−3 mm2/s) compared to the hemangioma group ([2.74 ± 1.03] × 10−3 mm2/s; [2.61 ± 0.81] × 10−3 mm2/s; [1.97 ± 0.79] × 10−3 mm2/s]. D* did not differ among multiple comparisons. For the area under the ROC curve (AUC-ROC), the maximum value was attained with ADCtotal (0.983) and was closely followed by ADC(0,500) (0.967), with lower values obtained for D (0.837), f (0.649), and D* (0.599). Statistically significant differences were found between the AUC-ROC of both ADCs (ADCtotal and ADC(0,500)) and D. There was no statistically significant difference between the AUC-ROC of ADCtotal and ADC(0,500). Conclusion ADCs showed superior diagnostic performance compared to IVIM-derived parameters in detecting differences between the malignant group and hemangioma group.


Experimental Determination of Traction-Separation Law for FRP-Concrete Interface under Mode II Fatemeh Sedigh Imani The rehabilitation and retrofitting of concrete structural members using externally bonded Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) strips has been steadily gaining use in recent years due to its many advantages, such as ease and speed of construction, low cost and maintenance, and high strength/weight ratio. An important design issue with significant performance and safety implications is the debonding of externally bonded FRP strips in flexural members, where the delamination is primarily due to Mode II facture. A significant amount of research has been conducted in this area, but there are concerns about interface durability. This study is based upon a fracture mechanics approach using Mode II single-shear tests to evaluate the durability of Carbon FRP (CFRP)-concrete interface subject to two combined environmental conditioning variables: (1) immersion in deionized water varying from 0 to 15 weeks; and simultaneously (2) controlled temperatures varying from 77°F to 140°F (25°C to 60°C) of the same samples immersed in water. A new method is proposed based on J-integral to obtain the fracture energy release rate and the traction-separation law, by measuring the load and slip at the debonding end only, which was verified by the traditional strain-based method. The durability of the interface is characterized by the energy release rate (ERR). By comparing the results with those from unconditioned companion specimens, it is found that considerable degradation of the interface integrity resulted with increased moisture duration and temperature. Representative delaminated FRP specimens were further studied using CMM (Coordinate Measuring Machine) and optical microscopy to obtain a qualitative understanding of the fractured surface. These results were in accord with the fracture testing results.


Though the farmer is the group with the biggest population in China, they are a disadvantaged group. In the construction of new socialist countryside in China, there are also causes for the disadvantaged group status, which are embodied in many aspects. The status is the important root of many problems of agriculture and countryside in China. Changing the farmers' status of the disadvantaged group is the key to constructing the new socialist countryside, deepening the reform in the countryside and realizing the benign social and economic development in the countryside in China.


CENTER FOR RESEARCH ENHANCING END USERS ' ICT ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND SKILLS IN THE NEW ECONOMY ORGANI ZATIONS University of California, Ir vine 3200 Berkeley Place Irvine, California 92697-4650 Study 2: Comparing the Utilization and Value of Alternative Modes of End User Assistance and Information and Computer Science Author: James Danziger and Yu-Chun Wang Information and Computer Science University of California, Irvine JUNE 2000 Acknowledgement: This research has been supported by grants from the CISE/IIS/CSS Division of the U.S. National Science Foundation and the NSF Industry/University Cooperative Research Center (CISE/EEC) to the Center for Research on Information Technology and Organizations (CRITO) at the University of California, Irvine. Industry sponsors include: ATL Products, the Boeing Company, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Canon Information Systems, Conexant Systems, IBM, Nortel Networks, Microsoft, Seagate Technology, and Sun Microsystems.


This paper presents evaluation of four different state estimation architectures exploiting the extended Kalman filter (EKF) for 6-DOF dead reckoning of a mobile robot. The EKF is a well proven and commonly used technique for fusion of inertial data and robot's odometry. However, different approaches to designing the architecture of the state estimator lead to different performance and computational demands. While seeking the best possible solution for the mobile robot, the nonlinear model and the error model are addressed, both with and without a complementary filter for attitude estimation. The performance is determined experimentally by means of precision of both indoor and outdoor navigation, including complex-structured environment such as stairs and rough terrain. According to the evaluation, the nonlinear model combined with the complementary filter is selected as a best candidate (reaching 0.8 m RMSE and average of 4% return position error (RPE) of distance driven) and implemented for real-time onboard processing during a rescue mission deployment.


Pathogens such as colibactin-producing bacteria strains of the Enterobacteriaceae family are highly prevalent in the gut microbiota of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. HUB patient derived Organoids, (HUB-OrganoidsTM or PDOs) are self-organized epithelial cell structures with near-physiological features, extensively used to model aspects of cancer initiation and progression. Studies conducted by Pleguezuelos-Manzanos et al. (2020) showed that repetitive cycles of colibactin-producing bacteria into the organoid lumen via microinjection, led to two co-occurring mutational signatures appearance, a single-base substitution signature (SBS-pks) and an indel signature (ID-pks), identified in a subset of CRC patients (~2% and 7%, respectively). These results highlight the relevance of organoids for modelling host-pathogen interactions and the application of these systems as in vitro platforms for investigating long-standing cause-correlation relationship between the presence of genotoxic pathogens and CRC development. The limited scalability of sophisticated co-culture strategies with pathogens such as microinjection has represented a bottleneck in the use of organoids as throughput screening tools in the development of preventive therapies. Thus, there is an unmet need to develop alternative co-culture systems compatible with the process of compound screening. An organoid-bacteria co-culture system compatible with medium-to-high throughput screening readouts has been developed. This co-culture system is currently tailored for the modeling of colibactin genotoxic effects in the gut epithelium, but theoretically could be extended as a discovery platform to identify targetable, novel and complex interactions between host and pathogen. Key words: colibactin, organoids, CRC, screening
 Citation Format: Eider Valle-Encinas, Roshni Nair, Katerina Pisa, Mayke Doorn, Farzin Pourfarzad, Lani San Mateo, Nicole Desch, Prashanth Gokare, David Pocalyko, Sylvia F. Boj, Carla Verissimo. Development of a medium-to-high throughput organoid-bacteria co-culture platform for the assessment of host pathogen interaction [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 5917.


The article deals with defining the role of state regulation in the corporate sphere by summarizing the negative effects caused by abuse, manipulation, unfair and illegal actions in the market. It is noted that good governance helps to strengthen trust in the company, increase its competitiveness, efficiency and growth, and thus helps to attract foreign investment and is the basis for innovative development of the state. In addition, the system of investor protection and the powers of the National Commission on Securities and Stock Market in this area are defined. Thus, the necessity of state supervision in the field of corporate relations is proved and the ways of improving the state regulation of this sphere of relations are considered. Also generally accepted principles (standards) that underlie effective corporate management are recognized, which are implemented by the new institutions of Ukrainian legislation under EU law in connection with the signing of the Association Agreement with the European Union.


Background Cardiogenic shock (CS) is the most severe form of heart failure (HF), resulting in high early and long-term mortality. Characteristics of CS secondary to supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) are poorly reported. Based on a large registry of unselected CS, we aimed to compare 1-year outcomes between SVT-triggered and non-SVT-triggered CS. Methods FRENSHOCK is a French prospective registry including 772 CS patients from 49 centers. For each patient, the investigator could report 1–3 CS triggers from a pre-established list (ischemic, mechanical complications, ventricular/supraventricular arrhythmia, bradycardia, iatrogenesis, infection, non-compliance, and others). In this study, 1-year outcomes [rehospitalizations, mortality, heart transplantation (HTx), ventricular assist devices (VAD)] were analyzed and adjusted for independent predictive factors. Results Among 769 CS patients included, 100 were SVT-triggered (13%), of which 65 had SVT as an exclusive trigger (8.5%). SVT-triggered CS patients exhibited a higher proportion of male individuals with a more frequent history of cardiomyopathy or chronic kidney disease and more profound CS (biventricular failure and multiorgan failure). At 1 year, there was no difference in all-cause mortality (43% vs. 45.3%, adjusted HR 0.9 (95% CI 0.59–1.39), p = 0.64), need for HTx or VAD [10% vs. 10%, aOR 0.88 (0.41–1.88), p = 0.74], or rehospitalizations [49.4% vs. 44.4%, aOR 1.24 (0.78–1.98), p = 0.36]. Patients with SVT as an exclusive trigger presented more 1-year rehospitalizations [52.8% vs. 43.3%, aOR 3.74 (1.05–10.5), p = 0.01]. Conclusion SVT is a frequent trigger of CS alone or in association in more than 10% of miscellaneous CS cases. Although SVT-triggered CS patients were more comorbid with more pre-existing cardiomyopathies and HF incidences, they presented similar rates of mortality, HTx, and VAD at 1 year, arguing for a better overall prognosis. Clinical Trial Registration https://clinicaltrials.gov, identifier: NCT02703038.


1Psychiatrist, 2Nurse, Manisa Mental Health Hospital, Department of Alcohol And Substance Addiction, Manisa Turkey 3Psychiatrist, Manisa Mental Health Hospital, Bipolar Disorders Unit, Manisa Turkey 4Psychiatrist, Manisa Mental Health Hospital, Manisa Turkey Letter to the Editor / Editore Mektup Dusunen Adam The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences 2015;28:179-180 DOI: 10.5350/DAJPN2015280213


A new design of vertical-comb (VC) actuators has been developed to suppress in-plane electrostatic pull-in motion. VC with off-centered electrostatic combs has been found to expand the stable range in the tilt-voltage curves; the effectiveness has been examined by numerical simulation using ARCHITECT(R). We also have designed a fiber optic variable attenuator and experimentally confirmed the use of off-centered vertical combdrive actuator.


The following is a sequel to two earlier papers by Dr J. Williamson and the author, on "The Invariant Theory of the Quaternary Quadratic Complex," which appeared in the Proceedings in 1928. As a result of further study of two quadratics in n variables it appeared that the list of forms which constituted the starting-point of the former investigation was incomplete. The present work gives the prepared system on the basis of the revised data, and thus rectifies the earlier of the 1928 papers. It will be convenient to refer to these three papers as I, II, and III, their full title and reference being given at the end of this investigation.


Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine clean room(C/R) structure, air conditioning and contamination control systems and to provide basic information for identifying a correlation between the semiconductor work environment and workers' disease. Methods: This study was conducted at 200 mm and 300 mm semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities. The C/R structure and air conditioning method were investigated using basic engineering data from documentation for C/R construction. Furthermore, contamination parameters such as airborne particles, temperature, humidity, acids, ammonia, organic compounds, and vibration in the C/R were based on the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors(ITRS). The properties of contamination control systems and the current status of monitoring of various contaminants in the C/R were investigated. Results: 200 mm and 300 mm wafer fabrication facilities were divided into fab(C/R) and sub fab(Plenum), and fab, clean sub fab and facility sub fab, respectively. Fresh air(FA) is supplied in the plenum or clean sub fab by the outdoor air handling unit system which purifies outdoor air. FA supply or contaminated indoor air ventilation rates in the 200 mm and 300 mm wafer fabrication facilities are approximately 10-25%. Furthermore, semiconductor clean rooms strictly controlled airborne particles(≤ 1,000 #/ft³), temperature(23±0.5℃), humidity(45±5%), air velocity(0.4 m/s), air change(60-80 cycles/hr), vibration(≤ 1 cm/s²), and differential pressure(atmospheric pressure + 1.0-2.5 mmH2O) through air handling and contamination control systems. In addition, acids, alkali and ozone are managed at less than internal criteria by chemical filters. Conclusions: Semiconductor clean rooms can be a pleasant environment for workers as well as semiconductor devices. However, based on the precautionary principle, it may be necessary to continuously improve semiconductor processes and the work environment.


The elementary schools that worked in monasteries and Cordovilla Calabazanos Sociedad, both in the province of Palencia, complete, with the San Andres de Arroyo, reality of an existence of civil activity formalized within an enclosure of religious closure. A continuation in the twentieth century, medieval practices, but differentiated by social and cultural circumstances very different.


Field trials investigating the effect of visual cues on catches of Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) at toxic targets impregnated with the female sex pheromone (Z)-9-tricosene, were conducted in a dairy and Livestock farm of Tiruvarur district . trap contain four different pattern viz longitudinal, Vertical, Spaced spots, Clustered spots were used . Maximum number of flies caught in horizontal pattern followed by clustered spot, vertical, regular spot . Flies got stuck in the glue immediately and were unable to fly again because the wings and legs were firmly trapped in the glue. The flies ultimately died after a short struggle Significant difference in the number of flies was observed in Z-9-Tricosene treated traps when compared to control traps without (Z)-9-Tricosene thus indicating the effectiveness of (Z)-9-Tricosene as an efficient lure in attracting house flies so that eco friendly pheromone based traps can be used in house fly control strategies as part of integrated pest management strategies.


Are we to be left widows and fatherless? I cannot understand putting in a provision for the families of Filipinos and making it for the (native) 'Filipino' families when there are none such (or very rare, less than one out of 100). Certainly past history the world over indicates that it is to be expected that families (especially wives) live where the head of the family goes. Do you expect Filipinos to be the 'exception'?2


Professional ethics play an important role to the performance in construction work especially from the professional consultants like Architects, Quantity Surveyors and Mechanical and Electrical/Civil and Structural Engineers. Hence, this paper aims to investigate the current standard of professional ethics performed by Architects, Quantity Surveyors and Mechanical and Electrical/Civil and Structural Engineers in Malaysia, factors that contributed to the unethical issues performed by Architects, Quantity Surveyors and Mechanical and Electrical/Civil and Structural Engineers as well as the ways to improve their professional ethics. I have selected questionnaires as my instrumentation for this research which will be approaching on the professional consultants like Architect firms, Consultant QS firms and Mechanical and Electrical, and Civil and Structural Engineer firms in Malaysia. Among so many projects in Malaysia, it has resulted that even though they are aware of the importance of professional ethics and yet the overall level of unethical behaviour conducted by the professional consultants is still high. Hence, the result of our study clearly identifies that the most common unethical behaviour conducted by the Mechanical and Electrical/Civil and Structural Engineers in Malaysia construction industry and several ways are suggested to enforce the professionalism among construction professionals so that the performance of work in construction can be improved.


This research analyzes the effects of a catastrophic spacecraft mishap in a polar lunar orbit in terms of the risks posed to a notional lunar spacecraft operating in an Apollo-like, equatorial lunar orbit. Robust models for lunar trajectories, the survivability of spacecraft threatened by debris, and the vulnerability of spacecraft to debris are developed and used to quantify the risks from artificial lunar debris. The results of this research showed total one-month hazard probabilities on the order of about 10−3%. While low, this probability could create some concern in real-world missions and may be comparable to the risk from debris in orbits near Earth. The majority of the debris particles had not decayed to the lunar surface by the end of the one-month simulation, which resulted in risk levels that did not diminish within one month. The results of this study demonstrate the need to consider debris mitigation strategies in lunar orbit, especially as more spacecraft begin to operate in this orbital environment.


A method was described for simultaneous determination of captan,,folpet and captafol residues in potato and tomato.These pesticides were extracted from samples with acetone,re-extracted with n-hexane,purified with florisil column and analyzed by GC-ECD.Mean recoveries of captan,folpet and captafol from samples spiked at 0.01、0.05、0.25mg/kg levels were 71.9% ~116.36%.The coefficient of variation of the method were 3.74% ~15.86%.Low detect quantitation were 0.005mg/kg,0.003mg/kg and 0.01mg/kg,respectively.


Liquid chromatographic enantiomer separation of amino alcohols was performed on several chiral columns based on polysaccharide derivatives under the mobile phase conditions containing acid or base additive. The chromatographic parameters were greatly influenced by the nature of the mobile phase containing acid or base additive as well as the used chiral columns. Compared to chromatographic results obtained in the mobile phase containing base additive (0.1% triethylamine), especially, Chiralcel OD showed dramatically enhanced separation factors and resolution factors with reduced capacity factors under the mobile phase condition containing acidic additive (0.1% trifluoroacetic acid). When the mobile phase containing 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid and 0.05% triethylamine was used on Chiralcel OD, the greatest separation factors and resolution factors among all other mobile phase conditions in this study were observed.


In order to realize the real-time perception of abnormal power consumption and reduce the marketing problems of power enterprises caused by abnormal power consumption, the research on the construction of abnormal power consumption inspection model based on line loss fluctuation analysis is carried out. Firstly, a line loss fluctuation analysis technology is introduced, parameters such as transmission capacity, available power supply per unit time and the like of the line under a normal condition are collected. The line loss rate of the transmission line of a power grid is calculated, and abnormal lines of the power grid are screened according to the line loss rate. Finally, the inspection model is connected with the abnormal power consumption statistics terminal, and the output of the abnormal power consumption risk inspection result is realized through the access of the inspection model. Take the State Grid Jiangsu Marketing Service Center as a pilot unit, extract the historical data of this marketing service center, and design an example application experiment. The experimental results show that the design of the audit model in practical application is more accurate for the audit of abnormal power consumption risk of users, and this method can be used to make decisions and help the development of power enterprises.


How do the properties of atomic nuclei change when they acquire a large amount of internal energy? How do nuclear properties vary with their temperature? The giant dipole resonance (GDR) built upon highly excited states has provided a probe for addressing this question. For example, this resonance is strongly coupled to the nuclear shape degrees of freedom. Measurements of the GDR have provided strong indications of how the nuclear deformation varies with internal energy or temperature. The most common scenario considers a nucleus with a prolate ground state deformation. When such nuclei are heated and rotated, there are signatures for a shape transition at a critical temperature Tc1(I), which is spin dependent. There is a transition from a prolate (or triaxial) shape rotating collectively at temperatures below Tc1 to an oblate shape rotating noncollectively at temperatures above Tc1. (In collective rotation, the rotation axis is perpendicular to the shape symmetry axis, whereas in noncollective rotation, the two axes coincide.)


The preparation of poly(2-(2′,3′,4′,6′-tetra-O-acetyl-β-d-galactosyloxy)ethyl methacrylate-co-styrene) (P(AcGalEMA-co-S)) glycopolymer was performed via nitroxide-mediated polymerization using a methacrylic acid-based alkoxyamine with N-tert-butyl-N-(1-diethylphosphono-2,2-dimethylpropyl) (SG1) nitroxide as mediating agent. In the presence of a low proportion of styrene, the polymerization of the glycomonomer was conducted in a controlled fashion at 85 °C. The synthesis of the diblock copolymers was investigated via two routes by using either P(AcGalEMA-co-S) or polystyrene macroinitiators capped with SG1 nitroxide to yield P(AcGalEMA-co-S)-b-PS and PS-b-P(AcGalEMA-co-S), respectively. The AcGalEMA moieties on the diblock copolymer were deacetylated to afford carbohydrate-based amphiphilic diblock copolymer, polystyrene-block-poly(2-(β-d-galactosyloxy)ethyl methacrylate-co-styrene) (PS-b-P(GalEMA-co-S)). The self-assembling properties of PS-b-P(GalEMA-co-S) amphiphilic diblock copolymers were thoroughly e...


Business-to-consumer (B2C) E-commerce has become one of the most important models for stores and enterprises. Many of them, however, face a difficult business environment because they lack an adequate understanding of the market. To develop the B2C market, this study seeks to identify the behavior of young people's behavior and perception of online shops. This paper finds that most youth use online shops for purchasing books, CDs, and clothes. They think online shops offer the advantage of ready availability of goods. However, most youth want to confirm the goods' quality, which is not possible in online shopping. Youth may regard online shops as a complementary channel to physical shops. Through conjoint analysis, differences in the value of product availability could be attributed to sex. We also demonstrate that consumer behavior changes with the online shops' manner of pricing display. These contributions will suggest effective marketing strategies for online shops.


The KSU/SPSU History Timeline, 1947-2016 contains an in-depth chronological history of both Kennesaw State University and Southern Polytechnic State University. The two universities merged in 2014 as mandated by the University System of Georgia Chancellor Hank Huckaby, and the official consolidation took place in January 2015. This joint historical timeline was created by Dr. Thomas A. Scott, Professor Emeritus of History at Kennesaw State University and the official University Historian.


Introduction: In recent biomechanical studies, the double-row suture anchor reconstruction for surgical treatment of rotator cuff tears showed better biomechanical results when compared to the single-row technique. The aim of this study was the histological and immunohistochemical determination of the collagen distribution during healing of the bone-tendon contact point after single-and double-row suture anchor reconstruction. Materials and methods: This study examined the tendon-bone healing in a sheep model. In 22 mature female merino sheeps a standardized produced tear of the infraspinatus tendon has been reattached. Two different techniques were used for the reattachment. In the single-row technique, two double-loaded suture anchors combined with arthroscopic Mason-Allen suture were applied. In the double-row suture anchor refixation four double-loaded suture anchors in combination with arthroscopic Mason-Allen suture were carried out. The localization of collagens type I, II and III during the tendon-bone healing was evaluated at 1, 2, 3, 6, 12 and 26 weeks after surgery by the use of conventional histology and immunohistochemistry. Results: Six weeks after the double-row reconstruction tissue remodeling is nearly complete, there was no collagen III to be identified. However, in the single-row-group this was only seen at week 12. The immunohistochemical results showed a shift in the collagen ratio. From week 12 onwards, in both treated groups an increase of type I collagen occurred in the tendon and the bone. Discussion: Arthroscopic rotator cuff reconstruction is now a frequently used surgical technique in shoulder surgery. Most biomechanical studies have shown a significantly higher power, a smaller elongation under cyclic loading and better anatomical restoration of the tendon to the bone for double-row reconstructions as compared to single-row techniques (Cummins et al. 2005, Ma et al. 2004 , 2006, Kim et al. In 2006, Meier and Meier, 2006, Milano et al. 2008). This study demonstrated that the double-row technique, in comparison to single-row technique, leads to a cell biologically better tendon to bone healing process.


A theoretical study of the complexes formed by the chiral α-amino-α-phenylmethanol in the presence and absence of a chromium (0) atom has been carried out. The results indicate that in the presence of chromium, the most stable complex corresponds to that where the two amino(phenyl)-methanol molecules have the same chirality while in the absence of the mentioned atom the preferred one is that with the two molecules with different chirality.


Dopamine release from rat striatum slices shows marked age‐dependent changes. In 9‐month‐old animals the potassium‐stimulated efflux is reduced by more than one‐half compared with the maximum release seen at an age of 2–6 months. That means that the vesicle storage pool loses its functional maximum size at a relative early age. The mechanisms underlying these changes are complex and unclear as yet. Experimental data show interesting relationships between age‐dependent and hypoxia‐induced changes in cerebral neurotransmission. The posthypoxic changes in transmitter release are prevented by single high doses of nootropics and related drugs, and long‐term treatment with lower, not protective doses leads to a marked acceleration of the restitution. Therefore, we studied the effect of a long‐term treatment of aging rats with nootropics and related drugs. Piracetam meclofenoxate, or vinpocetine given to old rats in low doses twice a day for 3 weeks cause a significant diminution of the age‐dependent lowering of dopamine release. This result leads to the assumption that nootropic drugs retard in part age‐dependent processes in the CNS.


2D anisotropic Dirac cones are observed in χ3 borophene, a monolayer boron sheet, using high‐resolution angle‐resolved photoemission spectroscopy. The Dirac cones are centered at the X and X′ points. The data also reveal that the hybridization between borophene and Ag(111) is very weak, which explains the preservation of the Dirac cones. As χ3 borophene has been predicated to be a superconductor, the results may stimulate further research interest in the novel physics of borophene, such as the interplay between Cooper pairs and the massless Dirac fermions.