The utility model provides a filtering device, the filter element of which adopts an integral structure, wherein, diversion trenches that are staggered mutually are formed on the surface of the filter element in the spiral direction and the longitudinal direction; a filter screen (or filtering cloth) is fixed on the filter element, and the filter element is coated with the filter screen (or filtering cloth); the bottom of the filter element is screwed in a connecting base through screw threads; the filter element and the connecting base are integrally put in a filter cylinder body after the bottom of the filter element is screwed in the connecting base, and a nut is fastened; a gland bush is put in the top of the filter cylinder body; the nut on a cover is screwed; the well sealing between the cover and the filter cylinder body can be ensured, so that spinning stock solution is prevented from leaking; and then a pressure transmitter is installed. The filtering device has the advantages of large filtering amount, high temperature uniformity of spinning stock solution, high heat preservation performance of the cylinder body and timely and accurate pressure monitoring data, and is favorable to improve the yarn drawing quality. In addition, the filter element and the filter screen can be assembled and disassembled fast, and the operation is simple and convenient.


This paper entitled "The Realization of Speech Act Types in Terminating Contracts" aims to investigate the speech act types in terminating contracts based on Searle's theory and to discover the influences of three sociological variables such as power, social distance, and rank of imposition toward the speech act types. The study uses descriptive-qualitative method to analyze the data. The main data are collected through the DCT questionnaires from 15 male and 15 female participants in English Literature Program in English Education Department of Indonesia University of Education. The study revealed that in terminating contracts, there are only four types of speech act realized such as Representatives, Directives, Commissives, and Expressives. In the present study, female participants use Directives mostly in terminating contract, while Representatives is the most frequent used by male participants. The influences of sociological variables show that the participants use Representatives, Directives, and Commissives in order to be polite and to avoid threatening the face of the hearer. Meanwhile, the use of Expressives in order to respect the hearer is not influenced by the sociological variables.

Keywords: Pragmatics, Speech Act Types, Face-threatening Acts, Politeness


Cancer represents a serious threat to our health despite considerable effort by scientific and medical community to combat this disease. It has been shown that detection of specific tumor biomarkers is important for cancer diagnosis and targeted therapy. However, a vast genetic and phenotypic variability of cancer first requires appropriate molecular characterization of cancer using conventional immunohistochemistry (IHC) techniques. Being single color and semiquantitative in nature, IHC methods are unable to address the need of quantitative multiplexed molecular profiling of clinical tissue samples. Therefore, development of new molecular profiling technologies is necessary for quantitative analysis of molecular signatures of individual patient's tumors. Quantum dots are emerging as a new class of fluorescent probes for biomolecular and cellular imaging. Owing to their unique optical properties, such as size-tunable light emission, simultaneous excitation of multiple colors, improved brightness, resistance to photobleaching, and extremely large Stokes shift, quantum dots represent a highly promising tool for detection and quantification of multiple biomarkers in cells, tissue samples, and even live organisms. This functionality will allow researchers to correlate a panel of cancer biomarkers with cancer behavior and clinical outcome and will open new opportunities for the development of personalized treatment schemes targeted specifically against markers expressed. Multiplexed marker detection will also provide a high-throughput tool for marker screening in cancer research.

Keywords:

molecular;
cancer;
quantum dots;
nanoparticles;
multiplexing;
profiling;
imaging;
fluorescence;
pathology;
quantitative;
spectroscopy;
diagnosis


4,8-Dimethyl-1,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydroinden-2-one (7), obtained by Wichterle annelation of 2,6-dimethylcyclohexanone, was converted into 1-hydroxy-5,8-dimethyl-1,7,8,9-tetrahydro-3H-2-benzopyran-3-one (26). Treatment of compound (26) with 3-lithiofuran afforded pyroangolensolide (1) together with its diastereoisomer (4).


RESPECT THE INVENTION AN ABSORBENT ARTICLE WITH A COVER SHEET AND SHEET SUPPORT THE SHEETS COVER AND SUPPORT IS CONNECTED IN SEVERAL PLACES WITHOUT THE USE OF ADHESIVES WATER INSOLUBLE SO AS TO FORM IN POCKETS WHICH IS THE MATTER aBSORBING BODY FLUIDS. ON FORM THE APPLICANT ABSORBENT ARTICLE IN PORTIONS OF MATTER 15 aBSORBING FLUID ON SUPPORT SHEET 13 IN pLACING THE COVER SHEET AU-11 ABOVE THE ABSORBENT MATERIAL AND SHEET SUPPORT AND pRESSING THE COVER SHEET TO PARTIES LEFT TO EXPOSED THE SHEET SUPPORT, SO AS TO LEAD TO BINDING SHEET EVERY FIBER AND LINKING THE COVER SHEET TO SHEET SUPPORT, THUS POCKETS IN WHICH IS THE ABSORBENT MATERIAL.


Cryptococcosis is a systemic and opportunistic fungal infection which affects both severely immunosuppressed patients and those with phenotypically "normal" immune systems. In developed countries, the majority cases of cryptococcosis occur among non-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients, such as solid organ transplant recipients. Cryptococcosis is also seen in patients receiving exogenous immunosuppression and patients with innate or acquired immunodeficiency. A large population-based US study shows a prevalence of 0.2-0.9 per 100 000 among the HIV-negative immunocompromised patients. Although cryptococcosis most often involves the central nervous system, it may also involve the lungs, skin, bones, liver, adrenals, kidneys, prostate, endocardium, and pericardium. The clinical symptoms and radiographic features of pulmonary cryptococcosis are non-specific, so it may easily be misdiagnosed or underdiagnosed. Definitive diagnosis most often relies upon pulmonary specimen culture and the isolation of Cryptococcus in the appropriate clinical and radiological context. We present a case of an asymptomatic 41-year-old male with a past medical history of ulcerative colitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)/autoimmune hepatitis overlap syndrome, presenting for a follow-up visit to the gastrointestinal clinic. He had been living in North Carolina for years without a documented history of recent travel or bird contact. His list of medications included immunosuppressants such as prednisone, azathioprine, and mycophenolate. He was on mesalamine for six months but discontinued. A few months later, the patient had a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the abdomen due to the concern for cholangiocarcinoma. The MRI revealed unchanged PSC and an incidental 9 mm left lower lobe lung nodule. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest revealed multiple nodules in the lung base (Figure 1). Radiologically, the differential diagnosis included infection, mucoid impaction, or a neoplastic process. The patient underwent a CT-guided percutaneous fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of the largest (15 mm) nodule in the left lung lower lobe. Multiple fine-needle aspirates were obtained and handed to the onsite cytopathology team. Using standard procedures, paired aspirate smears were obtained and stained with Papanicolaou and Diff–Quik stains. Cell block material was acquired and stained by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). The Diff–Quik stained smears were hypocellular and comprised mainly of histiocytes, lymphocytes, and blood. Many of the cellular groups appeared crushed and poorly visualized. Numerous intraand extracellular round-spherical structures were noted and believed to represent fungal organisms (Figure 2A,B.) There was no significant acute inflammatory response or well-formed granulomas. The radiology team was advised to obtain sterile material for fungal culture. Microscopic evaluation of all processed material the next day concluded that the material is benign and confirmed the presence of fungal elements using Grocott-Gomori Methenamine Silver (GMS) special stain (Figure


This study presents a grid-searching method in polar coordinate system (GSMIPCS) for the partial discharge (PD) location, in which the grids were divided into sectors according to radial distance r, azimuthal angle θ and polar angle φ. After theoretically proving that the positioning angle error, based on time difference of arriving algorithm, is relatively small, this study gives the process of PD positioning in two-dimensional and three-dimensional polar coordinates. Thereafter, this study discusses the optimal setting of grid parameters. The simulation results show that the success rate of angle positioning (SROAP), i.e. a percentage of positioning number with positioning angle error <2° in the total positioning number, for θ angle using two-dimensional (2D) GMSIPCS is 95.87%. For 3D GMSIPCS, the SROAP for θ and φ are 86.18 and 92%, respectively; and the computational cost is lower to 216. Finallly, on-site experiments in the substation verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Abstract We have empirically tested limits of the magnitude of multiple time steps in molecular dynamics simulations of aqueous systems, and the extent to which these offer a means to shorten computation time. Three different steps were employed, δ0t for calculation of "bonded" forces, δ1t for calculations of short-range (< 6 A) non-bonded forces, and δ2t for long-range (< 10 A) non-bonded forces. Each longer step was a multiple of the shortest one. The leap-frog integration algorithm was used with SHAKE for restraint of all bond lengths and water molecules. For a system of SPC water molecules, calculation of short-range non-bonded forces could be done with a time step δ1t = 10 fs, without appreciable change of the average temperature and energy, radial distribution function or diffusion coefficient. These properties were found to be insensitive to the inclusion of long-range non-bonded forces. A multiple-step protocol with δ0t = 2, δ1t = 4 and δ2t = 16 fs has been compared with a single-step procedure wi...


Bilharzia (Schistowmiasis) is an infectious disease caused by the parasitic trematode Schistosoma . It is a life-threatening disorder in Third World countries and constitutes a major source of morbidity and mortality in Africa. In tropical and sub-tropical African countries, man and his domestic animals are often afflicted by bilharzia, but children are more prone to the debilitating effects of the malady. Bilharzia parasitic worms (Schistosotna haeniatohium, S. mansoni, etc.) usually infect man during bathing, washing or paddling in water that is infected with snail intermediate hosts (Biomphalaria, Bulinus and other species of fresh water snails) shedding the parasites. For many decades, treatment of bilharzia in Africa depended mainly on imported, costly, synthetic drugs. The economic burden imposed on patients has thus rendered the pharmacotherapy of schistosomiasis ineffective in the continent. In recent years, however. as a result of continuous search for potent chemical compounds that are active against the parasites andor their intermediate hosts, a number of potentially-usei%lly molluscicidal compounds have been isolated from some African medicinal plants. The medicinal plants of promise as molluscicides belong to diverse families and their active compounds vary widely in their chemical structures. To date, scientifically proven plant molluscicides have been isolated from Tetrapleuro tetraptera (family: Mimosaceae)-aridanin. while the iridoid genipin and its 10-acetyl derivative, genipin acetate, were isolated from Apodytes dimidiata (family: Icacinaceae). More recently, a series of acidic triterpenoids and their glycosides, have been isolated from Combrefurn species, particularly Comhretum molle, C. imberhe. etc. (family: Conibretaceae). Because of their potential usefulness as "Third World Molluscicides", and also because of the traditional folkloric usefdness of Cotnbretum species in other disease conditions in Africa, it was thought desirable to examine the pharmacological actions of the triterpenoid molluscicides from African combritaceae in some laboratory animals.


THE gastric nematode Haemonchus contortus is one of the most pathogenic and economically important parasites (Vercruysse and others 1988), especially in some temperate and tropical areas. In the Canary Islands it is associated with other nematodes and contributes to the development of gastrointestinal parasitic infections in goats (Molina and others 1997). The control of these infections is usually based on the use of strategic anthelmintic treatment programmes to reduce their negative impact. Some of the most useful products for the control of nematode species of ruminants are the avermectins, which are characterised by a high degree of effectiveness and a persistent activity against a wide spectrum of helminth parasites (Jones and others 1993). The persistent efficacy of the avermectins varies between different avermectin molecules and is also affected by nematode-related factors such as the species and strain of worm and the level of infection, the breed and nutritional status of the host, and even by the design of the trial to analyse the drug's efficacy (Armour and others 1987, Deroover and others 1997, Vercruysse and others 1998). Although there is some information on the effectiveness of doramectin against gastrointestinal nematodes in goats (Terrill and others 2001), no data are available about its persistent efficacy, an important feature for the development of anthelmintic control programmes (Fisher and Jacobs 1995). Accurate information on the efficacy of different anthelmintics in goats is essential in areas such as the Canary Islands where this ruminant species is the basis of livestock production. This short communication describes a study of the persistence of the efficacy of an injectable formulation of doramectin against H contortus in goats experimentally infected with a low burden of the parasite. The strain of H contortus used was initially isolated on Gran Canaria from a goat slaughtered at the local abattoir, and then maintained in the laboratory by routine passage through nematode-free goats. Infective larvae (L3) were obtained from 10-day faecal cultures at 22°C, by the Baermann technique, partial purification on filter paper and recovery of the cleaned larvae (MAFF 1989). Ten five-month-old male Canarian goats were used for the experimental infection. The goats had been kept under conditions excluding helminth infections from birth; when they showed a slight coccidial infection they were treated with 1 mg/kg diclazuril (Esteve Veterinaria). The animals were randomly allocated into two groups of five: a treated and infected group (A) and an untreated and infected group (B). Both groups were housed apart in covered pens and fed a commercial pelleted ration for goats. Water and mineralised salt were available ad libitum. The animals were treated with 0·2 mg/kg injectable doramectin (Dectomax; Pfizer) subcutaneously (group A) or injected with 0·02 ml/kg of a sterile saline solution (group B). From the day of the treatment for 50 days, all the goats were inoculated daily by intraruminal injection with 200 infective H contortus L3 larvae; each animal received throughout the study 10,000 infective larvae. In previous studies this infective dose and route of inoculation induced a low worm burden


Despite the extensive investigation on solid‐state lithium‐metal batteries (SSLMBs), their application in flexible electronic devices has been plagued mainly by the physicochemical/mechanical instability of their electrode–electrolyte interfaces. Here, we present a fibrous skeleton‐framed, quasi‐solid‐state LMB (fs‐QSSLMB) as a new cell architecture concept to simultaneously achieve the high‐energy‐density, mechanical flexibility, and safety. The fs‐QSSLMB is fabricated by embedding poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) nonwovens, stainless‐steel meshes, and metal‐coated conductive PET nonwovens with a lithiophilic‐gradient morphology as customized fibrous skeletons into quasi‐solid‐state electrolytes (QSSEs), high‐capacity LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) cathodes, and Li metal anodes, respectively. The stepwise printing of the NCM811 cathode/QSSE/Li anode assembly and the subsequent one‐pot ultraviolet curing of the gel electrolyte precursors in the assembly enable the formation of seamless interfaces between the electrodes and QSSE, thereby ensuring the electrochemical sustainability and mechanical deformability of the fs‐QSSLMB. In addition, owing to its fibrous skeleton‐based structural uniqueness and seamless interfaces, the fs‐QSSLMB exhibits electrochemical reliability, mechanical flexibility, safety (i.e., electrochemically active after being vertically cut in half and exposed to flame), and high (cell‐based) gravimetric/volumetric energy densities (385 Wh kgcell−1/451 Wh Lcell−1).


The American College of Surgeons conducted a national patient care and evaluation study of invasive cervical carcinoma in pregnant patients.


Coordinate My Care (CMC) is a digital care plan for communicating person-centred urgent and advance care planning. We recognised that it was not being consistently accessed on admission, nor updated on discharge, leading to a risk of ignoring patient wishes and previously clinician-agreed care plans. We used a quality improvement approach to increase use of CMC.

 We gathered baseline data on the number of users utilising their account, and explored current practice and barriers. A driver diagram was developed, a Steering Group met regularly, and interventions were tested using Plan, Do, Study, Act. Interventions began in January 2021, including electronic circulation of a guide to gain access to CMC, posters about CMC, departmental teaching, and drop-in training. A Core Group of clinicians repeatedly surveyed 12 medical ward areas and offered on-the-spot troubleshooting. To mitigate effects of staff turnover, we developed e-classroom training for new starters.

 53 people attended departmental teaching and drop-ins. The number of users utilising their account each month showed a steady increase, rising from 25 to 42 users. Monthly views of CMC records are increasing, with 167 in May 2021 compared to an average of 105 in the 5 months prior to the project. We have still to examine patient feedback.

 Use of CMC is becoming more established. Future actions will concentrate on training (including in the emergency department and during junior doctor changeover), helping clinicians hold conversations, and establishing mentoring. Recording Advance Care Planning on CMC is a final step in a complex process of identifying that a patient may be in the last year of their life, starting conversations and taking actions. It follows that varied and sustained actions are needed to improve this, in order to realise the benefits of person-centred planning for our patients and those caring for them.


FIELD: process engineering. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to systems and device for contact and distribution of multiphase fluids. Distributor for reactor comprises nozzle tray, multiple channels secured and extending vertically from nozzle tray top surface and fluid distribution nozzle arranged in every channel. Note here that every channel has exposed near end, exposed far end and wall that makes a cylindrical chamber and has a side opening. Nozzle comprises case with near part, mid part and far part. Note here that said near part makes a cylindrical near cavity and includes a gas inlet to feed gas to near part. Said mid part makes a cylindrical mid cavity connected with near cavity. Far part includes case wall and fluid inlet to allow fluid flow to far part. Far part makes a cylindrical far cavity. Note here that fluid inlet is located tangentially to far part inner surface. EFFECT: better mixing and distribution, simplified servicing, assembly and disassembly. 21 cl, 36 dwg


Quantum mechanics (QM) and quantum electrodynamics (QED) are often touted as the most successful theories ever. In this paper, this claim is critically evaluated by a test of internal consistency for the ability to calculate the conjugate observables of the nature of the free electron, ionization energy, elastic electron scattering, and the excited states of the helium atom using the same solution for each of the separate experimental measurements. It is found that in some cases quantum gives good numbers, but the solutions are meaningless numbers since each has no relationship to providing an accurate physical model. Rather, the goal is to mathematically reproduce an experimental or prior theoretical number using adjustable parameters including arbitrary wave functions in computer algorithms with precision that is often much greater (e.g. 8 significant figures greater) than possible based on the propagation of errors in the measured fundamental constants implicit in the physical problem. Given the constraints of adherence to physical laws and internal consistency, an extensive literature search indicates that quantum mechanics has never solved a single physical problem correctly including the hydrogen atom and the next member of the periodic chart, the helium atom. Rather than using postulated unverifiable theories that treat atomic particles as if they were not real, physical laws are now applied to the same problem. In an attempt to provide some physical insight into atomic problems and starting with the same essential physics as Bohr of − e moving in the Coulombic field of the proton and the wave equation as modified after Schrodinger, a classical approach is explored which yields a model which is remarkably accurate and provides insight into physics on the atomic level. The proverbial view deeply seated in the wave-particle duality notion that there is no large-scale physical counterpart to the nature of the electron is shown not to be correct. Physical laws and intuition may be restored when dealing with the wave equation and quantum atomic problems. Specifically, a theory of classical quantum mechanics (CQM) was derived from first principles as reported previously [1-7] that successfully applied physical laws to the solution of atomic problems that has its basis in a breakthrough in the understanding of the stability of the bound electron to radiation. Rather than using the postulated Schrodinger boundary condition: " 0 Ψ→ as →∞ r ," which leads to a purely mathematical model of the electron, the constraint is based on experimental observation. Using Maxwell's equations, the classical wave equation is solved with the constraint that the bound 1 = n -state electron cannot radiate energy. Although it is well known that an accelerated point particle radiates, an extended distribution, modeled as a superposition of accelerating charges, does not have to radiate. A simple invariant physical model arises naturally wherein the predicted results are extremely straightforward and internally consistent requiring minimal math as in the case of the most famous equations of Newton, Maxwell, Einstein, de Broglie, and Planck on which the model is based. No new physics is needed; only the known physical laws based on direct observation are used. The accurate solution of the helium atom is confirmed by the agreement of predicted and observed conjugate parameters using the same unique physical model in all cases.


The temperature dependence of the free‐carrier concentration in germanium doped with the double acceptor Be has been investigated using the photo Hall‐effect technique and found to be strongly temperature dependent when the residual shallow impurities are closely compensated. Close compensation (NA≂ND) of shallow levels was achieved by controlling the concentration of a beryllium–hydrogen acceptor complex A(Be,H) which is present in crystals grown under a H2 atmosphere. This complex can be removed with high‐temperature annealing. An increase of up to two orders of magnitude in free‐carrier lifetime as a function of temperature is found to occur between 5 and 11 K in closely compensated material due to the population inversion of ionized centers created by optical pumping.


This study defined as micromechanical finite element (FE) approach examining the stress transfer mechanism in single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCN) reinforced composites. In the modeling, 3D unit-cell method was evaluated. Carbon nanotube reinforced composites were modeled as three layers which comprises CNT, interface and matrix material. Firstly; matrix, fiber and interfacial materials all together considered as three layered cylindrical nanocomposite. Secondly, the cylindrical matrix material was assumed to be isotropic and also considered as a continuous medium. Then, fiber material was represented with zigzag type SWCNs. Finally, SWCN was combined with the elastic medium by using springs with different constants. In the FE modeling of SWCN reinforced composite model springs were modeled by using ANSYS spring damper element COMBIN14. The developed interfacial van der Waals interaction effects between the continuous matrix layer and the carbon nanotube fiber layer were simulated by applying these variou...


Things happen in the field obtained the role of shadow teacher who has not done the task thoroughlyresulting in less child development. This study aims to determine: the role of Shadow Teacher in providing educational services for students with visual impairment in SD Muhammadiyah 04 Batu, describing the obstacles or difficulties that faced by Shadow Teacher in providing services for students with visual impairment in SD Muhammdiyah 04 Batu, the solution to the problems that faced by Shadow Teacher in providing services to visually impaired students in SD Muhammadiyah 04 Batu in order to be resolved.
This research uses qualitative research and the type of research conducted is through interview and observation activities. As a source of data, selected fourth grade students of SD Muhammadiyah 04 BatuYear 2017-2018 which amounted to 1 student. The study was conducted in March 2018 in consultation with the principal, shadow teacher, direct field data, and interviewed directly with shadow teacher, looking for primary and secondary data, primary data sources and secondary data sources, data collection through interviews, observation, and documentation. The result of the study shows that (1) the role of Shadow Teacher that has been done is in the administration of special administration in the form of student progress reports to parents flexibly, student identity, recording of assessment result and mobility orientation (2) Role of Shadow Teacher that have not been implemented, such as the implementation of curriculum plus or additional activities to support the skills of students with special needs, the lack of learning facilities and physical facilities provided by the school (3) Problems and obstacles experienced there is no best solution but the shadow teacher and principals continue to seek the best in providing services to students with special needs.
The results of this study, the role of shadow teacher is still much that has not been done. Problems and obstacles experienced also there is no best solution. Solutions that can be done is to help in facilitating inclusion schools for the learning process of students with special needs.


The study of lunar magma evolution holds significant importance within the scientific community due to its relevance in understanding the Moon's thermal and geological history. However, the intricate task of unraveling the history of early volcanic activity on the Moon is hindered by the high flux of impactors, which have substantially changed the morphology of pristine volcanic constructs. In this study, we focus on a unique volcanic glass found in the lunar meteorite Northwest Africa 11801. This kind of volcanic glass is bead‐like in shape and compositionally similar to the Apollo‐14 and Apollo‐17 very low‐Ti glass. Our research approach involves conducting a comprehensive analysis of the petrology and mineralogy of the volcanic glass, coupled with multiple thermodynamic modeling techniques. Through the investigation, we aim to shed light on the petrological characteristics and evolutionary history of the glass. The results indicate that the primitive magma of the glass was created at 1398–1436°C and 8.3–11.9 kbar (166–238 km) from an olivine+orthopyroxene mantle source region. Then, the magma ascended toward the surface along a non‐adiabatic path with an ascent rate of ~40 m s−1 or 0.2 MPa s−1. During the magma ascent, only olivine crystallized and the onset of magma eruption occurred at ~1320–1343°C. Finally, the glass cooled rapidly on the lunar surface with a cooling rate ranging between 20 and 200 K min−1. Considerable evidence from petrology, mineralogy, cooling rate, and the eruption rate of the glass beads strongly supports the occurrence of ancient explosive volcanism on the Moon.


Following arterial injury in adult humans and other mammals, there occurs a thickening of the intimal layer of the vessel wall due to migration of cells from the tunica media and proliferation of these migrated cells, along with any resident intimal cells. This intimal thickening, or neointimal formation, can lead to vessel stenosis or even occlusion and is the cellular basis of all intimal vascular disease. An understanding of this process leading to prevention, retardation, or reversal of intimal thickening would dramatically reduce morbidity and mortality from vascular disease.

The identity of the cells involved in intimal thickening has not been conclusively determined. The morphology, growth properties, and protein expression of cells in the thickened intima are distinct from those of vascular smooth muscle cells within the tunica media or of endothelial cells lining the vessel lumen. There are at least three hypotheses to explain the identity of neointimal cells: (1) They arise from fully differentiated vascular smooth muscle cells within the tunica media. During their migration to and proliferation in the intimal layer, they undergo function-specific modifications, thus acquiring the characteristics ascribed to neointimal cells. (2) They arise from a normally resident population of smooth muscle "stem cells." Such cells may be embryonic or fetal smooth muscle cells that have not fully differentiated or a multipotential cell that could form either neointimal or smooth muscle cells. Unlike differentiated smooth muscle cells, these cells would retain the ability to migrate and proliferate. During migration to and subsequent proliferation within the thickening intima, such cells may acquire additional characteristics of neointimal cells. (3) They arise from a cell lineage within the tunica media that is distinct from that of the smooth muscle cell. The characteristics of these cells may be modulated to those of neointimal cells …


Globally, early childhood education is seen as a right for children and yet, while several nations have instituted universal early childhood education policies to ensure that all children have access to it, the United States faces several challenges. In addition to lacking a universal federal mandate for early childhood education, the United States' implementation of its current educational policy surrounding early childhood (IDEA) may be inappropriate. Research indicates that children of color are often over-represented or under-represented in special education, including in early childhood settings. Research has yet to focus more specifically on exploring how far removed children of color are from proportionate representation in special education in their schools and which factors are associated with more proportionate representation of children of color in special education. The current study investigated early childhood centers in Illinois and found that the diversity of a school's student body, the diversity of the district's teaching staff, the educational attainment of the district's teaching staff, and the geographical location are all associated with the proportionality of representation of children of color in special education in early childhood. Implications for administrators and future research directions are discussed.


Arsenate [As(V)] is a toxic metalloid and has been observed at high concentrations in groundwater globally. In this study, a bioelectrochemical system (BES) was used to efficiently remove As(V) from groundwater, and the mechanisms involved were systematically investigated. Our results showed that As(V) can be efficiently removed in the BES cathode chamber. When a constant cell current of 30 mA (Icell, volume current density = 66.7 A/m3) was applied, 90 ± 3% of total As was removed at neutral pH (7.20–7.50). However, when Icell was absent, the total As in the effluent, mainly As(V), had increased approximately 2–3 times of the As(V) in influent. In the abiotic control reactor, under the same condition, no significant total As or As(V) removal was observed. These results suggest that As(V) removal was mainly ascribed to microbial electrosorption of As(V) in sludge. Moreover, part of As(V) was bioelectrochemically reduced to As(III), and sulfate was also reduced to sulfides [S(–II)] in sludge. The XANES results revealed that the produced As(III) reacted with S(–II) to form As2S3, and the residual As(III) was microbially electroadsorbed in sludge. This BES-based technology requires no organic or chemical additive and has a high As(V) removal efficiency, making it an environment-friendly technique for the remediation of As-contaminated groundwater.


The structure of building skin is of high significance when considered in the context of sustainable architecture. The extent of inevitable heat loss depends on the form of building, type of materials used, and on technical solutions applied in the building shaping process. Our objective is to reduce heat loss and thus save energy required for heating, which is a direct contribution to environmental protection efforts and, more specifically, to the reduction of global warming. The paper is based on the study of building shape undertaken to determine the effect of building geometry on heat loss. Heat loss values are analysed for various forms of buildings and for different subtypes of building skin structures and materials. Correlations among individual values are established and presented. The study of smaller residential buildings provides some interesting information about the issue of thermal protection, while also offering some recommendations for building design.


Low energy electron diffraction (LEED) intensities have been measured for the (110) and (111) faces of GaP. The LEED intensities of the (110) face have been analyzed using a dynamical multiple‐scattering model of the diffraction process. The intralayer multiple scattering is treated exactly, while for the interlayer multiple scattering, the renormalized‐forward‐scattering method is used. Comparison of the calculated and observed LEED intensities suggests that both the Ga and the P atoms on the (110) face may exhibit a contracted outermost layer spacing with a rippled geometry. The surface layer is compressed by about 5% such that the top layer spacing is reduced by 0.1 A. The P atoms protrude from the surface, whereas the Ga atoms are displaced inward such that no nearest‐neighbor bond lengths are altered. LEED intensity analysis of the first order beams indicates that the bond‐rotational angle ω is approxiimately 27 °. The quality and stability of the LEED patterns of the Gap (110) and (111) faces have b...


Purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) is an enzyme which participates in nucleoside degradation metabolism. Human and bacterial enzymes differ in primary amino acid sequence, oligomerisation in the native state (trimers and hexamers, respectively) and substrate specificity. The goal of this Thesis was to investigate structural and dynamic properties of Helicobacter pylori PNP (HpPNP) enzyme in apo form and in complexes with different ligands, the structure of which was recently solved using X-ray structure dete rmination, using computational methods. Ligand binding to the HpPNP enzyme active site was studied using molecular docking approach. Molecular dynamics simulations were used to investigate the influence of ligands on the HpPNP enzyme. Nine systems were simulated, up to 20 ns each. Seven of these systems contain ligands in HpPNP enzyme binding sites, while the remaining two contain no ligands. Non-covalent interactions between ligands and binding site amino acid residues were identified and analysed. Differences in conformations of the ligands bound and their influence on hydrogen bonds between hexamer subunits were observed. Large conformational changes of the HpPNP enzyme were detected using principal component analysis.


This system is designed to be able to measure the weight of an item and record IoT-based measurement results by displaying it through a database on a website automatically. Because the livestock sector in Indonesia is still largely unorganized and there is a need for clear supply chain management and support for supply chain performance, even though supply chain management has been made, stock taking still needs to be done. and can result in an imbalance with the number of items in the warehouse and also inefficiency for the company if it wants to see stock. Therefore, the author developed a digital weighing system using 4 IoT-based load cell sensors by recording measurement results through a database and displaying them in real-time on the LCD (Liquid Crystal Digital) and website. The development method used in this research is the prototype method, namely by realizing the system design that has been made. The conclusion of this study is the realization of a digital scale model using four IoT-based load cell sensors, with an instrument accuracy rate of 99.94373%, and the test object is large with a weight of 2-11 Kg.


ABSTRACT Syntactic and semantic cueing were examined as used in oral reading by 30 college freshmen, half of whom were higher in vocabulary on the Nelson-Denny Reading Test and half of whom were higher in comprehension scores on the same test. The subjects were selected from 168 freshmen, all of whom were poor readers and spoke predominantly English. All subjects read 150 randomly ordered expressions of three types: sentences, semigrammatical strings (semantically anomalous), and ungrammatical strings. Scoring was based on the number of miscues made on content words and on the number of corrections made in each category. Miscue analysis indicated that higher comprehension subjects used both semantics and syntax in oral reading, while higher vocabulary subjects used syntax but did not seem to use semantics. Corrections analysis yielded no differences in use of syntax and semanticsHigher comprehension subjects had more miscues than the higher vocabulary group. Possible interpretations of these findings are discussed with reference to GoodmanIs model of reading. Tables and references are included.


The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the Human Development Index (IPM) and the Open Unemployment Rate (TPT) on the poverty rate in North Sumatra in the long and short term. The data used in this research is secondary data obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics from 2004-2022. The analysis used is regression analysis with the Error Correction Model (ECM) method. The tests used in the model are Stationarity Test, R-Square Test, F Test and T Test. The results of this study are that in the long run the Human Development Index (IPM) has a negative and significant effect on the Poverty Rate in North Sumatra while the Open Unemployment Rate (TPT) ) has a positive and significant effect on the Poverty Level in North Sumatra. In the short term the Human Development Index (IPM) and the Open Unemployment Rate (TPT) have a negative and significant effect on the Poverty Rate in North Sumatra.


Water quality is essential for ensuring humane living conditions for inhabitants around the world. In this context, an important aspect that must be taken into consideration is the water quality in rural areas. Special attention must be given in such cases due to a large number of possible pollution sources, from industrial or agricultural, to wastewater resulted from human use of water supplies. This paper provided valuable information on the status of a number of groundwater sources (60 wells) throughout Targoviste Plain, Romania. An extended study of the spatial distribution of groundwater quality in connection with the surrounding land uses was achieved. The results obtained using fluorescence spectroscopy have been completed by chemical studies in order to better establish the influence of nearby land use on well water quality. It was concluded that external influences, such as soil type or land use, had a significant effect on the chemical content of the shallow groundwater that supplied the wells. High concentrations of different pollutants found in shallow groundwater are determined by anthropogenic activities, industrial an agricultural, conducted in rural villages and their surrounding areas. High concentrations of humiclike organic matter (OM) were observed in a sparsely populated region, with a forest located nearby, thus evidencing a terrestrial input to the water system. On the other hand, in the region where the highest concentration of protein-like OM was registered, the land was used for agricultural purposes.


This paper considers the ethico-political dimension of technology embedded in thanatosensitive design-orientated research in order to discuss how 'framings' of design situations could perpetuate the marginalisation of groups and topics within sensitive research contexts such as death. As a practitioner-researcher, I draw from the literature and my own critically reflective practice as a designer to outline framings, raise ethical and political aspects of their enactment and propose questions for consideration by the HCI community in sensitive contexts.


PALYNOFACIES ANALYSIS OF PLAYA DEL ZORRO ALLOFORMATION (LATE MIOCENE/PLIOCENE) CAJON VALLEY, CATAMARCA, ARGENTINA. This paper presents the palynofacies analysis results from La Cascadita locality of Playa del Zorro Alloformation (late Miocene-Pliocene), being the fi rst palynological study of the Neogene outcrops of the Cajon Valley, northwestern Argentina. Eleven palynological and organic matter samples were analyzed, only three of them containing palynomorphs (spores of Glomus sp. and Lycoperdon sp., Chlorophyta algae colonies, spores Zygnemataceae and few angiosperm pollen grains). Four types of organic matter were identifi ed: phytoclasts (translucent and opaque), palynomorphs, amorphous organic matter and zooclasts. Given the overall frequency of these types and relative frequencies of the particles that constitute them, two palynofacies can be distinguished. The Palynofacies Type I is characterized by the relatively high frequency semi-opaque and equidimensional opaque phytoclasts, reduced organic amorphous matter and low representativeness of palynomorphs; suggesting oxidizing environments, poor transport and high-energy environment. The Palynofacies Type II is characterized by high relative frequency of palynomorphs and amorphous organic, and have the lower values of phytoclasts, which suggests an environment with more reducing conditions than those of the Palynofacies I, temporarily anoxic and shallow. The climate regime would have been warm, semi-arid with a marked dry seasonality.


Abstract : This briefing concerns institutionalizing strategic change in the Navy. It focuses on the lessons of the 1945-47 era under Secretary of the Navy James Forrestal. The Forrestal era (1945-47) was analogous to today in several aspects. The United States had won a great war, and, for several years at least, the prospect of peace dominated military planning. It was a time of declining force levels and defense budgets, and a time of strategic shift. Fierce Congressional battles and interservice rivalries over defense dollars and missions characterized the period. Secretary of the Navy James Forrestal is credited with having delivered the best possible outcome for the Navy, in terms of budget and Navy prerogatives, under very difficult circumstances.


(.)a study was conducted between 1986 and 1988 on a Bojac loamy sand (coarse-loamy, mixed, thermic Typic Hapludult) to investigate the effects of tillage, K rate and K application timing on soil and plant K and crop yields.(.)Tillage treatments were conventional tillage and no-till(.)


Artificially constructed van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) provide an ideal platform for realizing emerging quantum phenomena in condensed matter physics. Two methods for building vdWHs have been developed: stacking two-dimensional (2D) materials into a bilayer structure with different lattice constants, or with different orientations. The interlayer coupling stemming from commensurate or incommensurate superlattice pattern plays an important role in vdWHs for modulating the band structures and generating new electronic states. In this article, we review a series of novel quantum states discovered in two model vdWH systems — graphene/hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) hetero-bilayer and twisted bilayer graphene (tBLG), and discuss how the electronic structures are modified by such stacking and twisting. We also provide perspectives for future studies on hetero-bilayer materials, from which an expansion of 2D material phase library is expected.


Background As vaccination campaigns are deployed worldwide, addressing vaccine hesitancy is of critical importance to ensure sufficient immunization coverage. We analyzed COVID-19 vaccine acceptance across 15 samples covering ten low- and middle- income countries (LMICs) in Asia, Africa, and South America, and two higher income countries (Russia and the United States). Methods Standardized survey responses were collected from 45,928 individuals between June 2020 and January 2021. We estimate vaccine acceptance with robust standard errors clustered at the study level. We analyze stated reasons for vaccine acceptance and hesitancy, and the most trusted sources for advice on vaccination, and we disaggregate acceptance rates by gender, age, and education level. Findings We document willingness to take a COVID-19 vaccine across LMIC samples, ranging from 67% (Burkina Faso) to 97% (Nepal). Willingness was considerably higher in LMICs (80%) than in the United States (65%) and Russia (30%). Vaccine acceptance was primarily explained by an interest in personal protection against the disease (91%). Concern about side effects (40%) was the most common reason for reluctance. Health workers were considered the most trusted sources of information about COVID-19 vaccines. Interpretation Given high levels of stated willingness to accept a COVID-19 vaccine across LMIC samples, our study suggests that prioritizing efficient and equitable vaccine distribution to LMICs will yield high returns in promoting immunization on a global scale. Messaging and other community-level interventions in these contexts should be designed to help translate intentions into uptake, and emphasize safety and efficacy. Trusted health workers are ideally positioned to deliver these messages.


This study aims to determine the effect of Third Party Funds, Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR), Profit Sharing and Non-Performing Financing (NPF) on the profitability of Sharia BPDs in Indonesia in 2014-2017. Measurement of profitability uses the Return on Asset (ROA) ratio . The data used is obtained through the financial statements of the Regional Development Bank (BPD) Sharia known as the Islamic Development Bank. This research method uses a quantitative approach using panel data regression analysis techniques using EViews 10.0 software. The results of statistical tests show that the variables of Third Party Funds and Non Performing Financing (NPF) have a negative and significant effect on the profitability of the Syariah BPD. While the Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR) and Profit Sharing Financing variables have no significant effect on the profitability of the Sharia BPD.


Surface magnetic stray fields are studied using a new force microscope with an optical beam deflection force detector. The measurements are made possible by using both a constant repulsive force control and a magnetic force gradient measurement. The microscope can simultaneously provide a magnetic force gradient image and a surface structure image. Initial results demonstrate that the surface magnetic stray field and the surface structure image of a magneto-optical disk can be obtained. The new method provides feasibility of measuring the surface magnetic stray field.


This paper aims to provide estimates of the the Balassa-Samuelson effect in Romania – the extent to which differences in productivity growth between tradables and nontradables industries explain the observed differences in inflation between Romania and the euro area. The Balassa-Samuelson effect has major implications for interpretation of the inflation and the exchange rate criteria for European Monetary Union membership. The conclusion is that the Balassa-Samuelson effect explains only marginally the observed inflation differential. Unlike previous studies which estimated higher values for this effect, this paper considers the productivity differential of each sector and the weight of the tradables sector in Romania in relation to the Euro Area. The results show that there is very unlikely that the productivity differential endangers the nominal convergence criterions.


Rapin of Geneva. (Fig. 22 and 23). He sectioned the rami close to the mandibular angle by a circular section in order to preserve the mandibular canal. This intervention may be easily performed by the use of'the gnathotome of Wolff . A satisfactory plastic correction of the micrognathia can be obtained by free implantation of bone grafts adding adipose tissue, as Sanvenero-Roselli was able to show in two cases. (Fig. 40 and 41) . The more successful methods of treatment were presented. They show that a good esthetic and functional result may be obtained through the recent advances of plastic surgery. In conclusion, it results that besides a scientific interest, this syndrome has an importance from the clinical point of view.


The aim of the presented paper was to describe the wear mechanisms operating at the small length scale in multilayer coatings subjected to a mechanical testing. A hybrid PLD system (Pulsed Laser Deposition connected with magnetron sputtering) was used for the multi-layer coating deposition. Coatings were subjected to indentation, ball-on disc wear and scratch adhesion tests. Microstructure of the as-deposited coating and after mechanical tests was studied using the Scanning (SEM) and the Transmission (TEM) Electron Microscopes. The research work revealed that application of innovative multilayer coatings may allow to predict their life time and to steer their properties


In April 2005 the National Public Health Partnership (NPHP) approved a project to develop a consensus approach to measurement of physical activity in children and young people ("the project"). The project related to an identified priority in Be Active Australia: A Framework for Health Sector Activity for Physical Activity 2005–2010. This priority has been endorsed by the Australian Health Ministers' Council and by the Australia and New Zealand Food Regulation Ministerial Council. Arising from the project, a National Consensus Workshop ("the workshop") hosted by the Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention (CDIP) Working Group of NPHP and organised by a project-specific steering committee, convened on 8–9 December 2005. At the time when the project was approved by the NPHP in April 2005, it was also known that the Australian Government was interested in establishing a National Nutrition and Physical Activity Monitoring System. The first stage, a National Children's Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey, to commence in 2006, was announced in September 2005, with a $3M initial funding commitment ($1M from Department of Health and Ageing [DoHA], $1M from Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry [DAFF], and $1M from the Australian Food and Grocery Council); with a $1M ongoing commitment from DoHA towards the ongoing System. The workshop was intended to inform policy


In the process of opening the capital market of our country, it has become more and more important to improve the supervising and managing system of the securities market, recover the function and the control system, and provide a fair,open and impartial environment for all investors. The author tries to give suggestions to improve the supervising and managing system of our country by analyzing the practice of developed countries and using their experience.


The article examines the issue of the phenomenon of new left political subjects in Latin America (with special focus on Ecuadoran, Peruvian and Chilean cases). The author shows that there are objective and subjective reasons for the emergence of new left parties and movements in the context of a systematic crisis of the traditional international and Latin American left movement. The new left in Latin America professes at the current stage some common political principles analyzed in the article. The author comes to the conclusion that the most influential new left forces are currents located to the left of social democracy. The article clarifies the attitude of the new left political formations to the problem of the unity of the left forces. The author clarifies the degree of electoral successes of Peruvian, Ecuadoran and Chilean Left in recent years, with a special focus on the specifics of their political projects.


This paper will reveal our women as active theologians, dealing with the silent threat of approaching genocide, the end of so called 'full-bloods' of our race. Finding ways of healing, and being activists, living in the conscious and subconscious oppression. I am so proud that in the light of this, they emerge as responsible people, living constructive and influential lives. Yet the suffering takes its toll and they die young or are sick and disabled young. I donated my Harvard Post-doctoral Fellowship, the first Australian Indigenous Harvard Fellow, to helping this suffering, to prolong life. Part Three reflects where my fellowship in liberation theology and psychotherapy comes together in active Tiddas Theology for wholeness.


The differential and algebraic equations (DAE) of power systems which describe transient voltage security problem is established. Representation of load shedding is deduced in terms of the three order induction motor paralleled with constant impedance load model. The optimization model of emergency load shedding control of transient voltage security (ELSCTVS) is presented in which transient voltage security constraints include the constraint avoiding transient voltage instability and avoiding transient delayed voltage recovery, the objective is to minimize load shedding cost. Based on trajectory sensitivities, the approximate linear relationship between transient voltage security constraint functions and control variables is found, and hence this optimization model is transformed into a static linear integer programming model. A heuristic optimal algorithm is used to obtain its solution. Computational results on IEEE 39 bus system demonstrate correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method.


This paper gives a brief introduction to the working principle, feature and advantage of RFA(Raman Fiber Amplifier),discusses its application on optical fiber communication networks and optical fiber CATV networks.


The utility model discloses a domestic physiological parameter detection and remote transmission system, comprising a domestic physiological parameter detector, a remote transmission network, a network data base module, a domestic receive terminal, a community medical service monitor terminal, a responsible doctors feedback terminal, and a hospital consultation terminal. The utility model is characterized in that: the individual physiological parameter and the subjective symptom data detected by the domestic physiological parameter detection are transmitted into the network data base module through the remote transmission network, and then are transmitted into the community medical service monitor terminal, the liability doctors feedback terminal, and the hospital consultation terminal for the terminals detection through the internet, the diagnostic opinions proposed by the doctors on the one hand are transmitted into the fixed wireless telephone terminal and the mobile phone terminal, on the other hand, are feed back to the network terminal of the domestic receive terminal. The utility model has the advantages of ability to timely detect a plurality of physiological parameters and subjective symptoms of family members, ability to be used as a monitoring and detecting service out of the hospital, and ability to be implemented supplely and shortsightedly.


This book develops a normative foundation and framework for pre-insolvency proceedings. The book features a comprehensive discussion of the key principles underlying restructuring proceedings and explains the purpose of, and justification for, pre-insolvency proceedings. It deals with all-important issues such as class composition, cross-class cramdown, and valuation. A comparative analysis and critique of UK schemes of arrangement and the US Chapter 11 procedure is also included, identifying the strengths and weaknesses of each.


Abstract : Every year, Department of Defense (DOD) travelers make thousands of trips that include air transportation. The vast majority of travelers use commercial air for their travel, even when there may be military air options available at greatly reduced cost to the taxpayer. The current process for arranging passenger travel does not allow for or encourage the use of these organic options because the visibility over them does not exist at the base Traffic Management Officer's level. This paper will recommend a reengineering effort that will provide travelers with a consolidated list of all travel options, with the ultimate aim of reducing travel costs. The reengineering will be modeled after the process currently used at the Joint Movement Control Group (US Transportation Command), and will rely upon the Global Transportation Network as its centerpiece. The paper will explore the feasibility and costs associated with this concept. It will further explore and suggest strategies for encouraging commanders to actively support the program. The goal of the paper is to present a workable process that can be implemented with minimum costs and complication at the base level Traffic Management Office. This process will help to assure maximum use of already-existing organic airlift, and thereby reduce taxpayer costs.


The history of late glacial runoff from the southern Laurentide ice sheet in Indiana is one of long periods of normal'' meltwater flow punctuated by extreme flows. Meltwater flow down the Wabash began about 26 ka when ice of the Lake Michigan lobe entered the headwaters of its northern and western tributaries. This flow was augmented by meltwater from the Huron-Erie lobe which entered the basin about 24 ka, and there ensued a period when normal meltwater flow and outwash sedimentation prevailed through successive advances from these two sources. This ended about 17 ka ( ) when two extreme flow events occurred. The first involved a subglacial breakout of stored water in a stagnating sheet of Erie-Huron lobe ice and the second occurred when a proglacial lake stored behind a Huron-Erie Lobe recessional moraine in northeastern Indiana drained catastrophically into the Wabash. A second period of normal flow and sedimentation followed as successive episodes of advance and active backwasting of Huron-Erie lobe ice left a series of recessional moraines in northeastern Indiana. Lake Maumee (of ancestral Lake Erie) formed behind the last of these, and the final extreme flow down the Wabash occurred about 14 ka ( ) when thismore » moraine was breached. During the final stages of glaciation in Indiana, very large volumes of meltwater were supplied to the Illinois river system through the Kankakee sluiceway by both the Lake Michigan lobe and the Saginaw lobe. For the most part, these were not extreme flows, but catastrophic subglacial outburst(s) of water from the Lake Michigan lobe did occur about 13 ka ( ) along the Valparaiso Moraine. Most of this meltwater was directed down the Kankakee sluiceway and into the Illinois River, but some may have flowed around the east end of the iroquois Moraine and into the Wabash River.« less


There are many texts of the classical Malay literature available for this study. Among the oldest are believed tobe Hikayat Raja-raja Pasai and the Sejarah Melayu (Malay Annal) by Tun Sri Lanang. There are also HikayatHang Tuah, Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa, Hikayat Patani and Misa Melayu. Scholars in the past havedismissed the contents of the books as myths and legends. But scholars such as O.W. Wolters and a few otherswho studied some of those texts such as the Sejarah Melayu and Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa believe that theycontain verifiable happenings. Stories such as Raja Suran (Malay Annal), Sri Tri Buana, Demang Lebar Daunand Merong Maha Wangsa are not myths or legends but representative of personalities that really existed duringcertain periods of the Malay history. Hikayat Hang Tuah especially, stresses the importance of the relationshipsbetween Melaka and China and India. Those foreign policies practiced by Malay rulers in the past as told in theRaja Suran adventure was the Cola king who left the dated 1025AD Tanjore Inscription and who had belligerentrelationship with the king of Srivijaya. Sri Tri Buana was his descendent, the incident on the Bukit SeguntangMaha Meru can be interpreted as the Avalokitesvara's world. The allegiance given by Demang Lebar Daun thathe and his descendents (rakyat/people) will not go against Sri Tri Buana (ruler) as long as the ruler remains"just" which reminds us of the Telaga Batu Inscription of Palembang which inscribes about the consequences ofbeing disloyal to the king. Also, the story about Merong Maha Wangsa who liked to drink blood can be equatedwith the practices in Bhairava Cult practiced by King Adityavarman in Sumatera and also by Kedah's kings inthe 12th/13th C.A.D. The most important issue which can be elucidated from the classical Malay literary sourcesis the foreign policy of the Malay rulers. They established trade and political relationships with India and Chinabecause India and China were the most powerful nations in the world at that time, politically and economically.In this 21st century, the world recognizes the fact that these two nations will become great economic power againto challenge Europe and United States of America. Therefore, the memories of the past will become the mirrorof the future. The world will clamor for the hands of friendship of those two countries. Southeast Asia willdefinitely face a bright future.


Based on the statistic data in 2008,the synthetic quality index values of prefectural-level cities in Jiangsu are attained by the principal component method.By time cost and monetary cost of expressway and railway,economic distances between prefectural-level cities in Jiangsu are calculated.This paper adjusted the gravity model,calculated the interaction forces between prefectural-level cities and divided Jiangsu into several economic regions by combining with the 0-1 programming model.By the difference degree of industrial structure between counties and the neighbor-hood of position,this paper divided each economic region into several sub-economic regions.The results show as follows:(1)Jiangsu province is divided into four economic regions that are Ning-zhen-yang-tai economic region,Su-xi-chang-tong economic region,Xu-lian-su economic region and Huai-yan economic region and fifteen sub-economic regions.(2)The number of the regions linked to each prefectural-level city follows the Zipf rule,and the whole economic spatial network of Jiangsu province is led by Nanjing that is the first level knot and by Suzhou that is the second level knot,but Nantong,Suqian and Yancheng have no apparently linked region.(3)The spatial structure of Jiangsu's economic regions is transforming from the south-north trend into the east-west trend in southern region of Jiangsu and the south-north trend in northern region of Jiangsu.(4)The interaction forces between cities in economic regions in southern region of Jiangsu are major,but ones in northern region of Jiangsu are minor.The economic regionalization in provincial scope is a foundation of the division of standard economic region in China in the future and a favour to better optimizing the structure of Jiangsu's division of labor.


Human encounters shock loads during recreational/ sporting activities, during work and in various accidental situations. The vehicular accidents are the prime examples of impact forces imposed on the body. Various work situations within the construction, mining, ship-building, and other industrial settings also impose impact loads on the workers. Vehicle driving in the forestry, mining and construction sectors also imposes either occasional or repetitive whole-body shock loads to the seated drivers, while operations of hand-held percussion tools transmit continuous shock loads to the hand-arm system of the human operator. Human exposures to such shock motions or shock loads have been associated with an array of injuries at the molecular, cellular, tissue and the skeletal levels. In particular, the spinal injuries, head and neck trauma and knee injuries have been most widely reported. Such injuries are often severe due to relatively high magnitudes of biomechanical stresses and strain rates caused by the impact loads in the muscles, tissues and the cartilage. The assessments of an injury potential of a shock motion, whether occurring in a recreational or a work activity, and its prevention necessitates good understanding of the biomechanical stress and strain, often denoted as internal stress. The assessment of an injury potential is typically performed on the basis of known cause-effect relationships that are derived either from the epidemiological data or critical stress limits of an anatomical structure. The knowledge of biomechanical stresses that may be encountered in a situation is vital for seeking design guidance for protective devices, and desirable work/recreation conditions. Biomechanics serves as the basic science for both the injury risk assessment and prevention through designs of protective devices, although the biomechanical modeling and analyses are far more challenging under impact loads. This book presents fundamental analytical methods, and their applications for assessment and control of potential impact injuries, and optimal designs of isolators or protective devices. The book employs a system dynamic approach to evaluate deflections of the biomechanical substructures and the forces transmitted to the concerned substructures. The methods for deriving impact responses of the biomechanical system are illustrated using relatively simple biomechanical models, which would perhaps make the book more beneficial for ergonomists and industrial hygienists, apart from the protective equipment designers. The contents of the book could be grouped in two major components. The first part presents fundamental analytical methods for analysis of shock responses of simple mechanical systems, and theory of optimal shock control. The second part presents applications of the basic theory for analyses of biomechanical system responses, shock attenuation devices and injury control potential using some important and interesting example cases. These include the spinal injuries risks among helicopter occupants, head and thoracic injuries among vehicle drivers under frontal or head impacts, and injuries among wheel chair occupants. These example cases emphasize the control of shock loads transmitted to the biomechanical substructure through considerations of safety restraints and protective devices such as seat belts, seat cushions and helmets. The analytical methods presented are thus most beneficial for assessing the performance potentials of such protective devices in an objective manner. The book initially presents mathematical formulations related to fundamental shock isolation using system dynamics approach together with a simple single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system model (Chapter 2). The mathematical methods are presented for two typical excitations involving an impact force imparted to the mass supported on a shock isolator, and an impulsive or shock motion at the base. The concept of passive or active shock isolation systems are introduced together with method of analyzing the mass motion and the transmitted force. Generalized criteria for assessing the performance of shock isolators are presented in the subsequent chapter using simple SDOF system representations. The theory of optimal shock isolation is introduced by formulating different optimization problems for minimizing displacement and force responses to different types of shock inputs. The book also presents the limiting performance analysis approach to determine the best possible performance 2000


With day to day computing becoming difficult. Lot of time and energy is lost in traversing through vehicular traffic. In this paper we propose a solution to predict vehicular traffic using machine learning techniques. US traffic 2015 dataset contains daily volumes of traffic, since this is an actual data and not a simulated one, patterns found in this research can be benefited and made valuable with differing datasets over time. Data driven solutions are proven to breakthrough tough problem statements. Thus in this paper we propose stage by stage machine learning processes to build an efficient model capable of predicting traffic volume based on features which brings out hidden insights in vehicular movements. Inspired by existing research exploration over traffic, in this paper we share our contribution of making traffic predictable thus saving time and energy in day to day life.


In order to improve the dispersibility of carbon black(CB),natural rubber(NR) degraded under high temperature and powerful shear force was grafted onto the CB surface by in situ solid state grafting method.The morphology of original CB and grafted carbon black(GCB) particles was investigated by transmission electron microscope(TEM) and atom force microscope(AFM).The results showed that original CB particles fused together and presented as big dendritic agglomerates whose size was several microns,while the size of GCB particles diminished greatly and displayed as small aggregates of about(200 nm,)which was because the aggregates of original CB were partly broken by powerful shear force and at the same time the degraded NR molecules was grafted onto the newly CB surface which prevented CB particles from aggregating again.The particle size of original CB and GCB was measured by using a laser light scattering particle sizer.The volume particle size of GCB was 164 nm which was largely less than that of original CB,797 nm.The dispersion and dispersion stability of original CB and GCB were determined with sedimentation,ultraviolet spectrophotometer and zeta potential measurement.Compared with original CB,the dispersion of GCB in the solvent of grafted molecules became better,moreover,the dispersion stability of GCB also was improved.


Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most important field crops in the irrigated areas of the Ebro Valley (NE Spain) and its profitability is greatly influenced by N fertilisation. Fifty per cent of the maize crop land is fertilised only with mineral N fertiliser. In the rest of the area, manure - mainly pig slurry (PS) - is applied before maize sowing and mineral N fertiliser is applied at sidedress. Intensive pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) production is also an important economic activity in this area which generates important amounts of PS. As farmers usually apply N rates that are higher than maize requirements, pollution due to N leaching has appeared and some areas of the Ebro Valley, which have been declared nitrate vulnerable. In addition to nitrate pollution, continuous PS fertilisation could also cause soil contamination by Cu and Zn accumulation. In order to investigate ways of improving maize N fertilisation, two field trials were conducted from 2002 to 2005 and continued for soil Cu and Zn determination from 2006 and 2007. The first trial applied six different rates of mineral N (0, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 kg N ha-1). The second trial involved three PS rates (0, 30 and 60 m3 ha-1) combined with three rates of mineral N (0, 100 and 200 kg N ha-1). In both the PS and mineral N fertilisation trials, the grain yield response to N fertilisation varied considerably from year to year and was influenced by initial soil N content and by the rate of N fertilisation (organic or mineral). When establishing N fertilization recommendations, initial soil N content should always be taken into account. In the N fertilisation trial, optimal N rates for obtaining maximum grain yields never exceeded 160 kg ha-1 during the 4 years of the study. The amount of N available to the crop (N applied with fertilisation plus initial soil N content) required to achieve maximum grain yields was 258 kg N ha-1. In the trial combining PS with mineral N fertilisation, in all years it was possible to achieve satisfactory grain yields using only PS (60 m3ha-1) or using 30 m3 ha-1 of PS combined with 100 kg ha -1 of mineral N. N leaching in PS treatments was lower or similar than mineral N fertilised plots, suggesting that is possible fertilise maize with PS with less or equal N leaching risk than mineral N fertilisers. After 6 years of continuous PS applications, there was an observed increase in both soil Cu and Zn, yet plant Cu and Zn concentrations did not increase with PS applications. Soil contamination by Cu and Zn applied by PS seems not to represent a significant hazard for the near future, but it needs to be taken into account for the more distant future. Optimal N rates for maize production seemed to coincide with minimum environmental impacts and higher N efficiencies, suggesting the possibility of achieving maximum grain yields with minimum environmental risk.


The finite-size scaling behaviour for percolation and conduction is studied in two-dimensional triangular-shaped random resistor networks at the percolation threshold. The numerical simulations are performed using an efficient star-triangle algorithm. The percolation exponents, linked to the critical behaviour at corners, are in good agreement with the conformal results. The conductivity exponent, t ´ = / , is found to be independent of the shape of the system. Its value is very close to recent estimates for the surface and bulk conductivity exponents.


Slowing down your eating time is a great habit for those concerned about overeating. Many people find that it is helpful to set a timer and stretch the meal out to accommodate a given amount of time, such as 20 minutes per meal. Doing this helps trigger the release of hormones that tell your body that you are full. You can also learn to savor and enjoy the taste of the food, which can be more rewarding than consuming oversized portions.


What is known and Objective: Interindividual variability in alcohol pharmacokinetics is influenced by a number of factors, including polymorphisms in genes mediating alcohol pharmacology, ethnicity, sex and body size. Several studies have evaluated the population pharmacokinetics of alcohol from breath alcohol measures. None of these studies, however, have evaluated ethnicity and alcohol‐metabolizing enzyme genotypes as covariates in their population pharmacokinetic modelling. We aimed to develop a population pharmacokinetic model using clinical and genetic factors and to identify covariates that influenced interindividual variability in alcohol clearance and volume of distribution.


This paper presents the analysis and performance evaluation of the Radio Link Control/Media Access Control (RLC/MAC) protocol in General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) networks. The aim of our study is to model the Media Access Control protocol that provides coordinated access to the shared channels resources of GPRS radio interface. After describing a simple functional model for a single node in GPRS system, a detailed analysis is presented to model the behavior of a single GPRS cell. A Markov chain is developed to describe the single cell system and the expressions for the uplink throughput and mean transfer delay are derived using this Markov chain.


We consider the class of stationary, zero-mean Gaussian processes, indexed by the circle, satisfying a two-point Markov property and taking values in a vector bundle over the circle with given holonomy. We establish, subject to certain additional symmetry properties, a classification of all such processes. We then propose a construction of a Brownian motion of loops, in which these processes provide the infinitesimal increments.


Modified sequencing batch reactor (MSBR) system is a newly developed technology combined sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with activated sludge system. MSBR system is summarized and enhanced the nitrogen and phosphorus removal technologies at present, including A~2/O, Bardenpho, Phoredox proceedings etc. The system has lots of advantages, such as continuous influent and effluent without primary tank and final clarifier, whole process with constant level, high treatment efficiency, intensity and automation, but low cost of construction and operation. MSBR system's characters and operation and its mechanism of nitrogen and phosphorus removal are presented in this paper. As a conclusion, MSBR is an advanced biological nutrient removal (BNR) technology nowadays.


This paper presents analysis of stress intensity factors at blade mounting locations of steam turbine rotor system. General expressions for the stresses induced in a rotating disc are derived and these equations are applied to steam turbine rotor disc. It is observed that the radial stress increases instantly at blade mounting location which indicates the probability of crack initiation and growth. A semi elliptical crack is considered at that location and weight function approach is used to determine the stress intensity factors. The results are validated with the influence coefficient approach. The differences of present approach with influence coefficient approach are less than 3 %. Hence the present approach is suitable for determination of stress intensity factors in a semi elliptical crack at blade mounting locations of a steam turbine rotor disc.


Abstract Ozonolysis of the N-phenylmaleimide-cyclopentadiene Diels-Alder adduct in methanol followed by reductive work-up with dimethyl sulfide affords 3-phenyl-endo,endo,cis,-6,8-bis(dimethoxymethyl)-3-azabicyclo[3.3.0] octan-2,4-dione (1), mp 105.5–107°.1


Point‐of‐care (POC) early infant diagnosis (EID) testing has been shown to dramatically decrease turnaround times from sample collection to caregiver result receipt and time to ART initiation for HIV‐positive infants compared to centralized laboratory testing. As governments in sub‐Saharan Africa implement POC EID technologies, we report on the feasibility and effectiveness of POC EID testing and the impact of same‐day result delivery on rapid ART initiation within national programmes across six countries.


This chapter contains the following sections: Introduction; Systems and Planning Issues; Trainset Specifications; Infrastructure Specifications and Design; Track-Train Interactions; HSR Examples from Abroad; and Magnetic Levitation.


Recent studies suggest that newly generated neurons play a role in learning and memory of olfactory information. Manipulations that alter the levels of neurogenesis affect olfactory behavior, but the effects depend on the nature of the manipulation as well as on the tasks used to assess olfactory function. For instance, rearing mice in an odor-enriched environment – a manipulation that doubles the number of newly arriving neurons in the OB but not the hippoc-ampus – results in a longer-lasting odor memory (Rochefort et al., 2002). On the other hand, reducing or blocking olfactory neuro-genesis affects behavior in a task-dependent manner: while olfac-tory discrimination ability seems to be unaffected (Imayoshi et al., suggesting that these neurons could contribute to changes in odor representations during learning. A deeper understanding of the functional role of adult neuro-genesis could come from studying the physiological conditions in which this process is regulated; such a modulation has been


This study examined explanations of intimate partner violence in female offenders. The sample of 92 female offenders completed measures of attachment, borderline and anti-social personality dimensions, psychological and physical aggression. Participant's most recent and previous relationships were explored to examine the patterns of perpetrating and being victimised in relationships. Female offenders reported higher levels of attachment anxiety than attachment avoidance. Attachment insecurity was found to predict victimisation but not perpetrating intimate partner violence in recent relationships. Borderline and anti-social personality dimensions were significantly associated with offenders perpetrating intimate partner violence and being victimised in their most recent relationship. In previous relationships, borderline personality scores were associated with victimisation whereas anti-social personality scores were associated with perpetrating intimate partner violence. Personality dimensions were also found to mediate relationships between attachment anxiety and victimisation in offenders' most recent relationships. Potential treatment pathways for this population are discussed and future research directions are recommended.


Noise is unwanted sound. Muffler plays a vital role to reduce the noise level. Noise reduction on muffler is generally predicted by the term transmission loss (TL) and insertion loss (IL). Expansion chamber is generally used as silencing elements in exhaust systems. The main aim of this paper is to focus on FEA Tool (Wave 1-D) capability as well experimental method for muffler's transmission loss measurement for straight and zigzag perforated concentric tube muffler with constant porosity. For this purpose experimental setup which is based on two load method is used for prediction of transmission loss. Also FEA is used to validate and comparing the results. Generally FEA tool is used for virtual prototyping. So it saves the substantial amount of time and resources. By the comparison with straight and zigzag perforated pattern on concentric tube the transmission loss is more in case of zigzag pattern in both the case perforation is constant. Also by comparing the experimental results with FEA results shows the validation of results.


A novel and simple nonhydrothermal method was developed for synthesizing hydroxyapatite whiskers under mild conditions. Hydroxyapatite whiskers were synthesized by the hydrolysis of alpha-tricalcium phosphate at 80°C and atmospheric pressure. The effect of aliphatic alcohols on the transformation of alpha-tricalcium phosphate to hydroxyapatite in water-alcohol systems was examined. When the hydroxyapatite was characterized by XRD and TEM observation, its morphology and size were found to vary with the specific alcohol used during hydrolysis. The effect of reaction time on hydrolysis of alpha-tricalcium phosphate to hydroxyapatite also was studied.


Part 1: Turning Rhetoric into Reality 1. Introduction 2. The Emergence of 'sustainable development' and 'sustainable development law' in the UK 3. Criteria for Effective Implementation of Sustainable Development Part 2: The Reality of Sustainable Development in the UK 4. A Common Understanding - Strategies 5. Clear Commitment and Leadership 6. Stakeholder Involvement and Efficient Knowledge Management 7. Mechanisms - Institutional and Policy Integration 8. Mechanisms - The Role of Legislation 9. Mechanisms - Sustainable Development Indicators 10. Mechanisms - Reporting, Review, Monitoring and Accountability 11. 'Shows Promise But Must Try Harder' - Taking Stock of Implementation in the UK Part 3: A New Reality - the Way Forward 12. Time to Get Serious - Ecological Sustainability 13. Compelling Action - The Case for Legislation 14. Moving from Rhetoric to Reality


The article is devoted to the analysis of the compound syntaxes structures (The compound sentences with the Predicate Clause) from the logic point of view. The constructions to be studied represent one complex judgment with a nature of thought. According to modality it can be aletical, assertive and apodictive. Besides these sentences are being studied according to the logic grounds of quality and quantity and from the point of view of logic conjunctions.


Shanxi Graben System( SGS) is a NNE-trending tectonic system located in the eastern and southern edges of Ordos Block and between Yinshan tectonic zone and Qinling tectonic zone.Composited with a series of NNE-,NE-trending graben basins,SGS is an important seismic zone in North China. Yuncheng Basin locates in the southern end of SGS,and is the deepest basin of the system. It is a half-graben with a shallow northern part and a deep southern part. As the south and east boundary of Yuncheng Basin,the North Zhongtiaoshan Fault Zone( NZFZ) played a key role in the development of the topology and tectonics setting of Yuncheng Basin. NZFZ is a normal fault zone,NE-to NEE-trending and 130 km long. This fault zone can be divided into 3 segments: the south,the middle,and the north segment,and there are no historical M≥7,but only 3 M = 6 have taken place. Previous study suggests that the tectonic activity in this area is low and the earthquake interval is relatively long; seismic activity in the north and south segments is the weakest: the earthquake recurrence interval in the north segment is 50ka and it has not been active for 50ka,the interval of the south segment is ~ 12 ka and its last movement is about 7ka ago. Our work tells a different story: based on thorough fieldwork,satellite imagery analysis,and trench investigation,we found that there have been multiple earthquake events taking place in all of the 3 segments during Holocene. This study includes two trenches that locate in the south and middle segments of NZFZ,each of them renders 3 paleo-earthquake events: a 10 570 ~ 8 010 a BP event, an around 6670 ~ 6 550 a BP event,and a 2 110 ~ 320 a BP event in TC-1; a 7 930 ~ 11 300 a BP event,a4 800 ~ 6 010 a BP event,and a 2 680 a BP event in TC-2. Through comparing these events with other 2 trenches in the middle segment of NZFZ( a XTC trench that renders a 19 980 a BP event and a 8 570 ~ 7 780 a BP event with 2. 2m vertical displacement; a XLC trench that renders a8 980 ~ 7 340 a BP event with ~ 1. 8m vertical displacement),we identified: a 8 570 ~ 8 010 a BP event which broke through both middle and south segment of NZFZ with a largest known vertical displacement of 2. 2m and 95 km surface rupture,a 4 800 ~ 6 010 a BP and a 2 110 ~ 320 a BP event with 7 ~ 30 km surface ruptures and largest known vertical displacements of 0. 7m and 1. 2m,respectively. The recurrence interval of these events is about 3 500 a. Calculated with empirical formula of normal fault in North China,the magnitude of the 8 570 ~ 8 010 a BP earthquake should be at least 8. 0,and the magnitudes of the 4 800 ~ 6 010 a BP and 2 110 ~ 320 a BP events are both ≈7. 0. These findings suggest that,as a Holocene active fault zone which made up with multiple faults,the middle and south segments of NZFZ have shown strong seismic activity and have triggered multiple earthquake events during the Holocene. Contrary to previous study,the activity of south segment might not be the weakest,and it is possible that the south segment is more seismic active than the middle segment.


Background: In optical WDM networks, fault tolerance is an important network management function which has a high impact on survivability of the network. These failures can result in the disruption of communication, and can be difficult to detect, localize and repair. Optical communication networks need a system that performs fault diagnosis from the information given by the network components. In order to protect against the failures, we propose to develop a dynamic fault restoration algorithm for fault tolerance. By the simulation results, we show that our proposed algorithm achieves minimum network blocking ratio with increased channel utilization and throughput.


Spectrum verification model for chemical measurement value by using partial least squares and fully interactive mode based on spectrograms of various Populus hybrids samples acquired by near-infrared spectrometer,and the prediction about unknown samples were made.The determinations of Populus wood samples indicated that cold water extract,1% NaOH extract,holocellulose,coefficients for Klasson lignin NIR verification model were 93%,94.6%,94.73%,81.87%,their RESCV were 0.171,0.402,0.409,0.232,and PDA 3.78,4.31,4.36,2.35,respectively.Forecast results showed that near-infrared spectroscopy technique can be used for rapid analysis of Populus wood properties.


We present a direct method of calculation of the multifractal spectrum from the wavelet decomposition. Information pertinent to singular structures in time series is captured by the WTMM method and the local effective Hoelder exponent is evaluated locally for each singular point of the time series. The direct multifractal spectrum is obtained from the scaling of the histograms of the local effective Hoelder exponent. In addition, we illustrate the possibility of estimation of the spectrum from the entire continuous wavelet transform.


The problem of combining bivariate survival data is considered. It is shown that the use of a shared-frailty model does not allow for the combination of data. A new model of bivariate survival based on the notion of correlated individual frailty is suggested. The advantages of using this model for data analysis are discussed. The application of the correlated frailty model for combining identical (MZ) and fraternal (DZ) twin data sets is demonstrated. It is shown that combining data significantly improves the accuracy of the parameter estimates. (authors)


Growing concern for the immediate supplies of crude oil has created an environment where an increased demand for oil could well go unsatisfied thereby introducing a shortage situation into the critical transport market supplied by oil. The removal of lead from petrol can have a significant impact on demand for crude oil. Experience in the United States indicates that a high octane lead free fuel would be required, creating refinery energy penalties that cannot be off set by fuel economy improvements in the motor vehicle. Alternative technologies capable of meeting immediate environmental requirements without energy penalties should be given full consideration before major policy decisions are made which could determine the future availability of transport fuel (a).


A high-frequency model of a three-phase inverter with the sinusoidal pulse width modulation strategy (SPWM) is presented in this report.


Adopting the methods of literature review and inferential analysis, this study summarized the existing research on rural–urban land conversion, and presented the conclusion that existing studies on rural–urban land conversion do not take spatial relationships into account(and therefore do not account for geographic dependencies). The data were then analyzed for the emergence and development of spatial correlations and a geographically weighted regression on the base of front part. The analysis emphasized the application of spatial econometrics to land-use conversions and conversion management. The results supported the application of spatial econometrics to research on, and management of, land use, and for considering the spatial dependence of land-use patterns, thus providing a more robust and scientific approach to the analysis of driving mechanisms of rural–urban land conversions.


RANTJE LILLY WORANG. Characteristic Hydratation of the Seeds and Its Effect on the Change of Physic Nut (Jatropha curcas L.) Quality. Under direction of OKKY SETYAWATI DHARMAPUTRA, RIZAL SYARIEF, and MIFTAHUDIN. Physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) is an agricultural commodity which has been chosen as an alternative energy substitute. Physic nut is harvested for two purposes, i.e. for its seeds and oil production. Physic nut seeds with initial moisture content of 8% were stored in various water activity (aw) under laboratory conditions. This research was aimed to determine isothermic sorption for fungal identification on hydratation levels, and to study the effect of water activity and storage duration on the quality of physic nut seeds. The result showed that the isothermic sorption on physic nut seeds was in sigmoid form. The critical point of fungal growth was aw value 0.72 equivalent with moisture content of 7%. The equilibrium of moisture content on aw values 0.06, 0.32, 0.44, 0.64, 0.75, 0.84 and 0.93 was equivalent with the moisture contents 2.68,5.45, 6.14, 7.61, 9.62, 12.56, and 13.52%, respectively. The moisture contents and fungal population decreased with the decrease of water activity. Twenty four fungal species were isolated from physic nut seeds during twenty weeks of storage. At the beginning of storage, most of fungi infected the seeds were classified as field fungi, such as Cladosporium sp., C. cladosporioides, Colletorichum sp., Fusarium semitectum and F. verticillioides. After twenty weeks of storage, the existence of field fungi was generally replaced by storage fungi, such as Aspergillus spp., Eurotium spp., Penicillium spp., and Wallemia sebi, during the period of storage. Storage fungi infected physic nut seeds were classified as xerophilic, mesoxerophilic and hygrophilic fungi. Xerophilic fungi with aw value 0.9 were Penicillium citrinum, P. implicatum, P. oxalicum and isolate I. Lipid contents, viabilities and vigors decreased with the longer period of storage, while free fatty acids and lipase activities increased. The experiments showed that physic nut seeds could be stored up to eight weeks for seeds to be planted and it could be stored up to sixteen to twenty weeks for oil production with aw value between 0.64 and 0.75. The histologic section of embryonic tissue of physic nut seeds showed a damage because of fungal colonization.


This paper reviewed the major isolating and preparing methods of pimaric-type resin acids from rosin,including alkaline metal salt precipitation,direct and indirect organic amine salt precipitation,in which the amine salt precipitation is more usable than the alkaline metal salt precipitation.It also reviewed the research progress on the application of pimaric-type resin acids in biological activities,materials and organic synthesis.


Production of nuclear materials for defense applications has resulted in the accumulation of vast amounts of nuclear waste. This contaminated waste is in a variety of forms that require subsequent reprocessing to isolate and encapsulate the nuclear (e.g., uranium, plutonium, strontium, cesium, and americium) and toxic (e.g., lead, chromium, and cadmium) constituents. The encapsulating material must possess good chemical and mechanical durability to resist leaching of the nuclear and toxic constituents into the environment during permanent storage at a waste repository. Glass is an ideal encapsulating material because its open structure allows the introduction of different waste forms and the final vitreous product possesses a high degree of chemical stability. Microwave heating and melting is a relatively new advancement in glass processing which uses microwave radiation to heat the glass formers to adequate temperatures for sintering or melting. An advantage to this technique is that it enables more rapid heating than traditional heating mechanisms. This decrease in cycle time may help to limit exposure to workers encapsulating radioactive and/or toxic waste.


Jordan is both a receiving and a sending country for migration. Since its independence, it has received several waves of forced migration as a result of regional instability. Moreover, Jordan is a major receiver of labour migrants, too, especially from Egypt and non-Arab Asian countries, the non ArabAsian migrants being mainly women and typically employed in the service sector. As to emigration trends, Jordan has long been a sending country, especially to the Arab Gulf states. This note attempts to shed light on the main characteristics of inward and outward Jordanian migration patterns and characteristics in recent times.


The hulls of linear and cyclic codes have been extensively studied due to their wide applications. The dimensions and average dimension of the Euclidean hull of linear and cyclic codes have been well-studied. In this paper, the average dimension of the Hermitian hull of constacyclic codes of length \begin{document}$n$\end{document} over a finite field \begin{document}$\mathbb{F}_{q^2}$\end{document} is determined together with some upper and lower bounds. It turns out that either the average dimension of the Hermitian hull of constacyclic codes of length \begin{document}$n$\end{document} over \begin{document}$\mathbb{F}_{q^2}$\end{document} is zero or it grows the same rate as \begin{document}$n$\end{document} . Comparison to the average dimension of the Euclidean hull of cyclic codes is discussed as well.


Measurements of the linear magnetoresistance effect in pure potassium were made using two independent methods. Four-terminal measurements on straight narrow samples showed transverse and longitudinal effects of the same magnitude. An induced torque method was then used on large good single crystals. In these the magnetoresistance was of the same order of magnitude as in the narrow samples and it was isotropic. The presence of the linear variation of resistivity with field in this case of a probeless method, where no obvious boundary value problems occur, adds to the existing evidence that the effect is not a result of sample shape or contact configuration.