"Position wise group-typical states" aims at looking at the relationship between a state sequences and a covariate (Studer, 2015). The aims of this brief introduction is to show how it can be interpreted and used with R using a short example: how the school-to-work trajectories in Northern Ireland are linked to the qualifications gained by the end of compulsory education (variable gcse5eq). If you use this method, please cite the paper Studer (2015). Before going further, let us build the state sequence object and print frequency table of variable gcseq5eq. In this variable, "yes" means "good results."


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to introduce signature analysis to humour research. Signature analysis is not widely used in the fields of humanities, the introduction of a new technique will invite comparison with the long standing factor analysis method. Design/methodology/approach – A signature presumes the existence of a model with ideal attributes for the purpose of identification. The model derived from types of humour which describe four types of age dependence. Age dependence contrast sharply with factor analysis which usually ignores age differences in humour. The signatures of four types of humour were calculated from the average scores of all line scores of each type. The Cramer-Rao Bounds were also calculated from the same groups, this defines the centre points and the limits of best type estimators. The age profiles of individual lines were plotted against their type signatures. The error distributions were plotted, with and without offset compensation. Findings – The error plot with o...


Most of the silvicultural recommendations for reducing the hazard of gypsy moth outbreaks have been based in part on the premise that gypsy moth density levels are related closely to the proportion of favored food trees in the overstory. This premise did not prove to be true for a series of plots observed in eastern New England between 1911 and 1931.


We calculate the leading-twist, helicity-independent generalized parton distributions (GPDs) of the proton, at finite skewness, in the Nambu–Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). The NJL model reproduces low-energy characteristics of QCD, including dynamical chiral symmetry breaking (DCSB). The proton bound-state amplitude is solved for using the Faddeev equation in a quark-diquark approximation, including both dynamical scalar and axial vector diquarks. GPDs are calculated using a dressed nonlocal correlator, consistent with DCSB, which is obtained by solving a Bethe-Salpeter equation. The model and approximations used observe Lorentz covariance, and as a consequence the GPDs obey polynomiality sum rules. The electromagnetic and gravitational form factors are obtained from the GPDs. We find a D term of −1.08 when the nonlocal correlator is properly dressed, and 0.85 when the bare correlator is used instead, suggesting that within this framework proton stability requires the constituent quarks to be dressed consistently with DCSB. We also find that the anomalous gravitomagnetic moment vanishes, as required by Poincare symmetry.


A frequent and sometimes sight-threatening consequence of diabetes is diabetic retinopathy. In order to diagnose and track diabetic retinopathy, retinal blood vessels must be accurately identified early on and segmented. The improvements in vessel segmentation methods for the identification of diabetic retinopathy are summarised in this abstract. Due to the intricate structure and diversity of blood vessels, as well as the presence of noise and artefacts, vascular segmentation in retinal pictures is a difficult process. In order to overcome these difficulties and increase the precision of vessel segmentation, a number of approaches have been developed. Feature extraction, classification, post-processing, and picture pre-processing are frequently combined in these methods. Recent research have demonstrated encouraging outcomes in vascular segmentation using a suggested framework utilising hybrid models. To extract pertinent information from retinal pictures, the framework uses pre-processing techniques such cropping, colour space conversion, and contrast augmentation. Gabor filtering and texture analysis are two techniques for feature extraction that effectively capture specific vessel properties. Vessel and non-vessel pixels are distinguished using classification techniques like K-means clustering and ensemble classifiers. The vessel segmentation findings are refined using post-processing techniques including morphological operations and linked component analysis. The STARE dataset and other benchmark datasets used for this approach evaluation showed great accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity. However, there are still issues with establishing high specificity and good sensitivity in vessel segmentation. More investigation is required to enhance vascular abnormality identification and lessen false-positive and false-negative mistakes. The improvements


This article proposes a novel segmentation algorithm for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. The algorithm performs region-level segmentation based on edge feature and label assistance. It demonstrates improved performance in terms of segmentation accuracy while better preserving image edges. First, an edge detection scheme is implemented, which fuses information from two advanced edge detection methods, thereby obtaining a more precise edge strength map (ESM). Second, a Canny algorithm is performed to divide the SAR image into edge regions and homogeneous regions, and different smoothing templates are selected according to pixel positions. Therefore, an anisotropic smoothing on the SAR image can be achieved, aiming at suppressing the noise within targets while also accurately maintaining the target boundaries. Third, the K-means clustering is applied to the smoothed result to generate an initial set of labels. Using ESM and the initial labels as inputs, a watershed transformation and a majority voting strategy are employed to realize an initial segmentation at the region level. Finally, a label-aided region merging (LaRM) strategy is used to correctly segment the wrongly labeled regions to give the final segmentation result. The LaRM, with merging rules based on the label rather than gray characteristics, can avoid the need for calculating a large number of complex formulas, thus accelerating the region merging. Results are presented of experiments on both simulated and real SAR images, in which the proposed region-level SAR image segmentation algorithm based on edge feature and label assistance (REFLA) method is compared against six state-of-the-art algorithms from the literature. REFLA achieves higher accuracy while better retaining the image edges.


Field corn 'Pioneer 3147' was planted on June 4 at the Highland Rim Experiment Station, Springfield. Plots were 30 ft x 4 rows with 5 ft alleys between blocks. Rows were spaced 40 inches apart. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Corn was thinned to 40 plants/30 row ft. On July 23, when 18% of the plants were infested, insecticide treatments were applied. Granular insecticides were applied into the whorls with shaker jars. Liquid formulations were sprayed with 2.5 gal compressed air sprayers at 40 gal/acre. Portable CO2 tanks supplied a constant sprayer tank pressure of 30 psi. Yields were determined on October 14.


This paper studies Multidisciplinary Hierarchic Compatibility Design Optimization (MHCDO) method for design of hierarchic system which is one of complex system. Complex system mostly contains many subsystems which have particular function. Systems and subsystems as well as subsystems have complex coupled relations. Optimization design of complex systems integrates a number of disciplinary. Various disciplinary interact each other, and impact the performance of the system as a whole. The traditional multi-objective optimization can't consider these relationships, and have been difficult to adapt to the optimization of complex systems design. Multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) is for complex systems optimization, and its range of applications is wide. The MHCDO is one of method of MDO. Basing sensitivity derivative analysis which can reflect the effect of the change of sharing design variables and state variables to objective function in every optimization, the MHCDO can obtain the most adaptive solutions of hierarchic system.


The analysis of longitudinal dyadic data often requires complex structural models. Two models of dyadic change, the correlated growth model and the common fate growth model, differ in their description of change. The correlated growth model estimates separate but correlated growth trajectories for each member of a dyad. The common fate growth model treats the dyad as the unit of analysis and estimates growth parameters for the dyad. Relationship and life satisfaction are important outcomes that feature prominently in the relationship literature and must be modeled adequately to be understood. In a sample of 325 romantic couples, the relative efficacy of these two models for describing change in relationship and life satisfaction is compared. The common fate growth model better described relationship satisfaction, while the correlated growth model provided superior fit to life satisfaction. Implications for the modeling of dyadic data are discussed.


The High Atlas is a linear intracontinental mountain range, around 600 km in length, orientated approximately ENE-WSW. Its width ranges from 50 km to around 100 km. The mean elevation in the axial part of the chain is 2200 m with peaks above 4000 m. This results from uplift related both to lithosphericscale thermal doming, mostly parallel to the trend of the chain, and to weak crustal thickening during Cenozoic times. A striking feature of the morphology of the High Atlas is the occurrence of both transverse and longitudinal drainage characterized by deep fluvial incision of more than 1000 m in the axial zone of the chain. Most of the transverse component of the drainage appears to postdate the longitudinal component as shown by the occurrence of recent or incipient captures. The longitudinal drainage is inherited from an early stage of organization controlled by the tectonic structures in the post-Paleozoic cover that developed during upper crustal folding and thrusting. Rapid amplification of N-S regional slope by ~1000 m of thermal uplift triggers: (i) incision of the longitudinal drainage and (ii) processes of internal drainage capture by transverse streams creating a new organization of the drainage system toward the regional slope. Such evolution from a longitudinal to a transverse-dominated drainage network may also represent a common way of fluvial network development in mountain belts where the amplification of the regional slope simply results from long-lived lithospheric convergence, not from asthenospheric uplift.


Abstract. As the issue of garbage pollution becomes increasingly urgent, accurate and effective garbage detection can play a crucial role in minimizing environmental pollution and facilitating the conversion of waste into energy. However, the accuracy of current waste detection algorithms is limited. We propose an approach called the adaptive activate decoupled head for YOLOv5 (AADH-YOLOv5) for detecting garbage. Our model improves localization accuracy without significantly increasing floating point of operations (FLOPs) or parameters. Extensive testing on the newly created domestic garbage dataset-6 demonstrates that AADH-YOLOv5 outperforms YOLOv5l and Cascade R-CNN, achieving a 5.4% and 4.2% improvement in email@example.com, respectively. Our study also contributes to the field by providing a new dataset for garbage detection research.


In this paper we investigate collocation methods for the computation of periodic solutions of autonomous delay diierential equations (DDEs). Periodic solutions are found by solving a periodic two-point boundary value problem, which is an innnite-dimensional problem for DDEs, in contrast to the case of ordinary diierential equations. We investigate three collocation methods based on piecewise polyno-mials. We discuss computational issues and show numerical orders of convergence using an extensive number of tests. We compare our numerical results with known theoretical convergence results for initial value problems for DDEs. In particular, we show how super-convergence at the mesh points can be lost or recovered depending on the DDE model under consideration and on the choice of colloca-tion discretisation. We end with a brief discussion of adaptive mesh selection.


A radio‐opaque pellet attached to the surface of an articulator and tracked with a computerized x‐ray microbeam allows generally accurate observation of the coordination of several vocal organs during speech. In cases where specific details about a single articulator are sought, the possibility of artifacts in the signal cannot be neglected. As a case in point, the movement of the velum is studied in detail. A number of minor artifacts are identified. As one example, some movement in the pellet most likely results from contact between the pellet and the posterior pharyngeal wall, not from movement of the velum per se. The magnitude of the movements attributable to artifacts is small relative to the total range of movement. Removing the effects of the artifacts allows conclusions to be drawn about the movement of the velum. As one example, descending and ascending paths of the velum appear to be slightly different. [The work reported here was performed at Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ 07974.]


l.Introduction Ion implantation is one of the key processes in the manufacturing and engineering of semiconductor devices. Ion implantation, however, induces charge buildup of wafer and causes destruction of semiconductor devices. So, conventional ion implanter has either electron flood gun or plasma flood gun to neutralize the ion beam and wafer. However, the charge neutralization strongly depends on implantation condition. We already proposed Stencil Mask Ion Implantation Technology (SMIT) and showed that the several merits for manufacturing, notably shorter process time, lower cost, and smaller clean-room space t1]. Recently, we found new charge neutralization effect in SMIT. In this paper we will discuss the charge neutralization effect by SMIT and propose new charge control technology.


Subject
 Uganda economic outlook.

 Significance
 Economic growth could improve to 5.8% in 2018, aided by a recovery in private consumption and increased spending on oil-related and public investments. However, the mounting external debt burden amid the US Federal Reserve's interest-rate tightening cycle could pose near-term challenges, as the shilling's weakness compounds the government's growing debt-service obligations. Nevertheless, if managed well, these concerns should ease once oil begins to flow.

 Impacts
 Stubbornly high commercial lending rates despite lower policy rates pose the greatest impediment to long-term sustainable growth.
 The climbdown on potentially lucrative mobile money taxes suggests reluctance to widen the tax base at the risk of social unrest.
 Currency interventions will be limited by East African Community convergence criteria requiring reserves worth 4.5 months of imports.


In hot ambient conditions, split air-conditioning (AC) systems experience a drop in their coefficient of performance and an increase in power consumption due to the direct relationship between the condensation temperature of the unit and the prevailing ambient temperature. In this work, the enhancement in the COP and the reduction in power consumption for a split AC unit are evaluated when a direct water spray evaporative cooling system is used. The study focuses on minimizing the amount of water needed to cool the condenser by utilizing the wasted water from the condensate drain, synchronizing the water injection with ON–OFF compressor operation, and determining the optimal hourly periods for the injection system to achieve a reduction in energy consumption. The objectives of this work are threefold. The first objective is to conduct experiments inside an environmental chamber to determine the effectiveness of the evaporative cooling system at different ambient conditions and to derive correlations that predict the outlet air conditions and the water consumption. The second objective is to develop an integrated mathematical model to simulate the performance of the evaporatively cooled split AC system in a controlled space under certain operational conditions (using steady-state performance data supplied by the manufacturer and taking into account the transient effect during the ON–OFF compressor cycling) and to experimentally validate this model. The third and final objective is to evaluate the model under "real environment conditions" for a case study where the thermal conditions and energy demand of a typical office space in Beirut during three months (June, August, and October) are investigated and where the "sufficiency" of drain water is the limiting factor. The simulation results have shown that the drain water would be sufficient in October only, resulting in 5.3% energy saving throughout the whole day. On the other hand, the synchronized spray of water is found to last for six operating hours in a June day and eight hours in August; this results in a total daily reduction in the consumed energy of 5% in June and 4.5% in August.


802.1x protocol,a new way to resolve the networks authentication,is posed by IEEE based on optimizing the old authentication method and structure. Simple Networks Management Protocol (SNMP), a part of TCP/IP protocols, is an important technology in the realization of 802.1x system, and belongs to the application layer of Internet protocols. Through SNMP,networks managers can remotely receive and control the work situation and status of 802.1x system, and therefore make Configuration Management, Performance Management, Fault Management, Accounting Management and Security Management realized on the system. Practices prove that SNMP has a seamless connection to 802.1x system and can efficiently manage the system.


Reyes-Vera with colleagues presents a study on a special kind of photonic crystal fibers with two integrated electrodes, where birefringence is introduced by mechanical stress when an electrical current heats the internal electrodes. The rotation of the fiber birefringence axes is explained and the nonlinear variation of the effective refractive index of the fundamental mode is explained in this way.


Coastal zone of Bangladesh is highly vulnerable to different nature induced hydrological and climatological disasters. Disaster disproportionately affects a different group of populations. Among them, "people with disabilities" (PWDs) regardless of their gender face severe challenges in a disaster situation. The response mechanisms of disabled people in disaster context are also different. This paper aimed to examine the coping strategies of PWDs with a natural disaster in the coastal zone of Bangladesh. We conducted a cross-sectional survey among 150 disabled people from Mongla sub-district, Rampal sub-district and Sharankhola sub-district of Bagerhat district. Most of the respondents (60%) did not receive any training on disaster preparedness but the majority of them (88%) had knowledge on the location of the nearest disaster shelters and took shelter at government listed centers before or during the disaster. They were not satisfied with the facilities and services of those disaster shelters. Nearly two-thirds (64%) of the respondents received disaster forecasting through electronic media. More than one-fifth of the respondents (22.7%) changed their occupations after a major disaster and one-fourth of the respondents (26.7%) were displaced or migrated from their original house as a consequence of the disaster. Although disabled people are one of the most vulnerable groups in disaster milieu, they have drawn limited attention by the policymakers, academicians and development organizations. This paper provides few coping strategies of disabled people that will help the policymakers to think and take disabled friendly measures in policy documents and development interventions.


In this paper, a 2D numerical simulation model was developed in FLUENT base on a new type thermal energy storage equipment. The results showed that the form of vertical pipes with nozzle holes can create fluid channels and a large number of vortices quickly, which improve the heat charging power, present the effective way to sweep the obstacles of transportation of thermal energy storage.


Digital techniques are proposed to determine the transfer characteristics of ADCs under dynamic operating conditions. Specifications such as signal-to-noise ratio and differential nonlinearity are derived. Measurements show the discrepancy between static and dynamic performance.


On 31 January 2009, 16-year-old Luciano Arruga disappeared. His case is not an isolated one: more than 213 people were 'disappeared' by security forces in Argentina between 1983 and 2012. Certainly, these numbers pale in comparison to what occurred during the last dictatorship, when as many as 30,000 people disappeared. Yet, Argentina has pursued many transitional justice processes to address this past with the goal of nonrepetition or,


Head-body temperature differences have been reported in a number of lizards and snakes (Heath 1964; DeWitt 1967; Hammel, Caldwell, and Abrams 1967; Campbell 1969; Webb and Heatwole 1971). A mechanism permitting the retention of venous blood in the head has been described by Bruner (1907) and its application to head-body temperature differences pointed out by Heath (1964, 1966). The possibility that head temperatures are more important than body temperatures in influencing various physiological and behavioral parameters has been suggested by Heath (1964), Hammel et al. (1967), Heatwole (1970), and Webb and Heatwole (1971). The present study reports the results of experiments designed to determine the magnitude of head-body temperature differences in a number of species under various laboratory and field conditions.


This article argues for a more comprehensive application of conflict resolution principles in composition instruction. It demonstrates how the discipline of rhetoric and composition complements conflict resolution, especially through theories of rhetorical invention. It identifies three specific invention practices -- Karen LeFevre's social collective view, Carl Rogers' collaborative rhetoric, and Jim Corder's generative ethos -- and demonstrates how these strategies can improve students' critical awareness of conflicting viewpoints.


The "stream medium" and "stream_medium" technology are introduced from three asp ects. The network's current development and the characteristics of education ar e combined to analyzed the technological problems solved by "stream_medium" f or audio and video message transmitting in network teaching. The new chance brought by the "stream_medium" for the network teaching is pres ented.


Childhood and education; American University; Graduate studies at UW; World War II; Physics department; Digital computer; Design features of digital computer; Engineering Computing Laboratory; WISC and IBM 1620; Early computer use among students; David Wilson; Gene Amdahl; Computer Aided Engineering Center; Office of Information Technology; Computer Science 132; Personal computers; Tad Pinkerton; Professional organizations; Extra-curricular activities; Square dancing.


Exterior-rotor permanent magnet direct-drive motors (ERPMDDMs), which have a simple structure and high energy efficiency, can achieve high torque output at low speed. Because of the superior performance, ERPMDDMs have been widely used in low-speed and high-torque (LSHT) mechanical equipment. The stability of the LSHT drive of ERPMDDMs directly affects the reliability of the equipment, which is thoroughly studied in this work by taking 250 kW ERPMDDMs as an example. The influence of different pole-to-slot ratios and pole-arc coefficients on the cogging torque is analyzed by the electromagnetic field calculation and analysis software Ansoft, and several parameters are optimized to reduce the torque ripple in energized motors and ensure the stability and reliability of the equipment.


The onset of convection in a Newtonian liquid‐containing system is investigated using a two‐frequency boundary temperature. The consequences of three types of two‐frequency boundary temperature modulations have been thoroughly investigated: (i) in‐phase, (ii) out‐of‐phase, and (iii) bottom‐wall. The combined effect of two frequencies with sinusoidal and nonsinusoidal wave types is also documented under these various types of boundary temperature modulations. To facilitate the study, the Venezian method is approved and the critical Rayleigh number and its correction are calculated. The parameters resulting from the study's two frequencies of modulation are the mixing angle, χ $\chi $ , the amplitudes, β , δ $\beta ,\delta $ , and the set of coprime integers, (r 1 , r 2 ) $({r}_{1},{r}_{2})$ . The system's thermodynamics determines the range of these parameters. The research discovered that out‐of‐phase two‐frequency boundary temperature modulation is the most stable, while in‐phase is the least stable. Besides that, any combination of wave type with square wave type yields the most excellent stability. Furthermore, the two‐frequency boundary temperature modulation is more stable than the single‐frequency and no‐modulation cases.


We studied the changes of prostaglandins, coagulation and blood pressure in 40 patients with Cerebral hemorrhage. The result showed that plasma thromboxane B_2 (TXB_2), Von Willebrand factor(VWF)and seram fibrin degradation products (FDP)levels were increased and euglobulin lysis time(ELT)was shortened in the acute phase of the disease. Plasma TXB_2 was still higher than normal in the restoration stage. Though similar changes of TXB_2 VWF and ELT were found, elevated FDP was not seen in patients who died. Multivariate stepwise regression analysis showed that changes of blood pressure and serum FDP might, to some degree, reflect the prognosis of cerebral hemorrhage.


How and why does an entrepreneur decide to embark in social entrepreneurship and/or in a sustainable business? While the existing literature suggests that social entrepreneurs tend to be females and/or seniors, our findings indicate that these two groups have important differences; based on the analysis of the verbatim of entrepreneurs, our findings reveal that seniors claim to enter social enterprises with a conscious willingness to help society, while female entrepreneurs are less focused on social implication.


Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in sepsis. Treatments allowing maintenance of renal blood flow (RBF) could help to prevent AKI associated with renal hypoperfusion. Amino acids (AA) have been associated with an increase of RBF and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in several species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of an AA infusion on RBF and GFR in a porcine model of septic shock.


Purpose: Collecting duct carcinoma of the kidney (CDC) is an aggressive subtype of renal cell carcinoma with a dismal prognosis. The available knowledge concerning optimal management is still unclear. We report the largest single-institutional experience in the management of CDC. Materials and Methods: All the cases of CDC which were diagnosed at our center following a radical or partial nephrectomy in the past 15 years were included. Treatment details, radiological features, and histological features were reviewed. Descriptive statistics were used to show the clinicopathological profile and management of these patients, and Kaplan–Meier overall survival (OS) estimate was calculated. Results: Eighteen patients who were diagnosed and underwent the primary intervention at our center were included. The median age of patients was 40 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 5:1. Typical histopathological features included high-grade nuclear features, stromal desmoplasia, and tubular architecture. Surgery was the primary modality of treatment. Five (28%) patients who had metastases received adjuvant therapy, three received interferon-alpha therapy, and two received adjuvant chemotherapy with gemcitabine and cisplatin. The median follow-up was 19 months (range: 3–46 months). Kaplan–Meier OS estimate was 68% at 1 year and 48% at 3 years. Conclusion: CDC of the kidney often presents at an advanced stage, and has a poor prognosis. Survival remains poor despite surgery and adjuvant therapy.


We describe a case of Vagococcus fluvialis infective endocarditis with associated aortic root abscess in a 50-year-old male on his second bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement. Only two cases of Vagococcus endocarditis have been recorded to our knowledge, and this case reinforces the fulminant nature of a rare organism. Case RepoRt


Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) and UV-Vis techniques were used in characterizing the complexation of chromium with curcumin. It was observed that chromium complexed with curcumin in a 1 : 3 ratio. The experimental values that were used to calculate this ratio were independently determined by the two techniques used. The values obtained from each technique agree with each other reasonably well, within limits of experimental error. The stability constant or formation constant, , of the complex, , was determined using the Lingane
equation and Gibb's free energy of formation was calculated as −58.18 kJ.


Abstract In this paper, the continuity and thermody-namic equations including moisture forcings were derived. Using these two equations and the basic momentum equation of local Cartesian coordinates, the budget equation of generalized moist potential vorticity (GMPV) was derived. The GMPV equation is a good generalization of the Ertel potential vorticity (PV) and moist potential vorticity (MPV) equations. The GMPV equation is conserved under adiabatic, frictionless, barotropic, or saturated atmospheric conditions, and it is closely associated with the horizontal frontogenesis and stability of the real atmosphere. A real case study indicates that term diabatic heating could be a useful diagnostic tool for heavy rainfall events.


The biotech revolution, after some relevant steps carried out in pharmaceutical industry, is now expanding over the world agricultural sector. The analysis of economic characteristics and research activities of this new sector, completed with scenario's evaluation - specifically related to North American and European markets - allow to define a specific view of industrial competitors. In this field, with some specific evaluations on strategic pathways adopted like as mergers and acquisition operations, the work offer some relevant indications about the direct and indirect effects of biotech variable on the complete evolution of the agro-chemicals and seeds industry.


Numerous studies have been published about instruments intended to quantitatively measure students' epistemic beliefs about science; however, as this researcher would discover, developing an instrument to accurately measure epistemic beliefs about physics knowledge is not always as straightforward as the literature would make it seem. Given a lack of instruments intended to measure teachers' epistemic beliefs, this researcher endeavored to develop a valid, reliable, and theoretically grounded quantitative instrument which could measure teachers' epistemic beliefs about physics knowledge. 224 preservice and in-service teachers involved in science education completed a 29-item electronic survey developed using a literature informed framework of epistemic beliefs about physics knowledge. Results were used to quantitatively analyze the reliability and validity of this developed instrument. Additionally, as part of a parallel study, 14 of these teachers were interviewed regarding their epistemic beliefs about physics knowledge using semi-structured interviews. Using exploratory factor analysis, a mathematically valid solution was found for a 14item version of this survey; however, the factors of this solution did not align with those commonly included in epistemic beliefs literature nor was this factor solution supported by interview results. Evidence from attempts to validate this instrument, along with a lack of alignment between surveydetermined epistemic profiles and interview-determined epistemic profiles for 14 teachers, showcase the problematic nature of using standardized, quantitative approaches to measure teachers' beliefs. Findings from this study suggest that educational researchers deeply consider the nuance needed for their study prior to choosing a methodological approach to measure epistemic beliefs.


of the Chow groups of the models X of X over A. Assuming resolution of singularities (cf. 1.1 below) we proved that these groups can also be defined as rational equivalence classes of pairs (Z,^), where Z is a codimension p cycle on X, and g is a "Green current" for Z. Here a "current" is a projective system of cycle classes on the special fibers of all possible models of X. We have shown in [BGS] that many concepts and results in complex geometry and arithmetic intersection theory [GS1] have analogs in this context: differential forms, <9<9-lemma, Poincare-Lelong formula, intersection product, inverse and direct image maps in arithmetic Chow groups etc.


The purpose of this study is to analyze the purpose of human creation in the study of the Quran. This research uses qualitative approach and literature review method. Based on the results of the discussion, humans are seen as a "small universe" (micro-cosmos, al-alam al-shagir) which is a mirror of the great universe (macro-cosmos, al-alam al-kabir). It means that the human self represents or reflects the entire universe or universe. Man has the basic potential of reason and heart, as well as two dimensions within him, namely the physical dimension and the spirit dimension with these provisions man can relate to God and to other beings that God created. In carrying out life on earth, humans have two important roles, namely being servants of God and caliphs. Man as a servant of Allah means obedience, submission and obedience worthy only to Allah. As for in carrying out his Caliphate man needs to prosper and maintain the earth by acting justly towards all creatures on earth.


In this paper, a method based on the theory of spline functions is developed to estimate the optimal operating conditions of electric arc furnaces. Voltage and current waveforms with distortions are approximated by spline polynomials. These spline polynomials are used in the time-domain analysis of a furnace power circuit. The active power deployed at the tips of the furnace electrodes is determined by the overlapping of the voltage and current splines. The optimal phase angle to deliver maximum active power depends on the relative position of these waveforms. Results from the application of the proposed spline technique to data from a simulator and an actual furnace are compared against the traditional optimization method. It is shown that the proposed spline technique outperforms the traditional one. Conclusions addressing the advantages and limitations of the spline-based analysis of electric arc furnaces are given.


This paper is motivated by the aspect of uncertainty in financial decision making, and how artificial intelligence and soft computing, with its uncertainty reducing aspects can be used for algorithmic trading applications that trade in high frequency. This paper presents an optimized high frequency trading system that has been combined with various moving averages to produce a hybrid system that outperforms trading systems that rely solely on moving averages. The paper optimizes an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system that takes both the price and its moving average as input, learns to predict price movements from training data consisting of intraday data, dynamically switches between the best performing moving averages, and performs decision making of when to buy or sell a certain currency in high frequency. Keywords—Financial decision making, High frequency trading, Adaprive neuro-fuzzy systems, moving average strategy.


Unlike the conventional and controllable generator, the uncertainty and intermittency of wind power involves significant technical challenges on power system operation. Due to the inaccurate forecast of wind power a robust look head active power dispatch which reschedules the units is important for the power system. In this paper, a novel robust active power dispatch model that uses wind power optimal interval to describe wind power uncertainty is proposed under the Chinese electricity market. In the proposed model, a worse-scenario robust model is built based on the bounded wind power and the special characteristics of Chinese electricity market such as the contract quantity of energy and the constraints of wind power curtailment. The study case that contains ten generators and a wind farm is used to test the robust dispatch model. The test results show that the robust dispatch model that are based on the robust optimization theory can deal with the wind power uncertainty under certain given optimal intervals.


All information technology (IT) resources that cloud computing provide can be seen as services. As a new IT implementation, cloud computing now has a profound impact on technological change. Cloud computing can provide critical software for business management, reducing IT and maintenance costs for hardware and software effectively. It can also enable small and medium enterprises to have access to professional IT solutions with less IT investment. The cold chain logistics system based on cloud computing can be used to connect the database between cold chain logistics and external customers, so that each database connection terminal can keep track of and update the data. A cold chain logistics system based on cloud computing is designed in this paper. This system consists of six functional parts: (1) data collection; (2) data calculation; (3) data updating and transmission; (4) configuration management; (5) control strategy; and (6) business development. It brings better cooperation between cold chain logistics and their customers, realizes co‐control of product sales information, accelerates the speed of cold chain logistics and maximizes the interests of all parties. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This paper introduces the use of an airborne interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) to estimate water surface decorrelation times at Ka-Band. Such an assessment is directly relevant to the upcoming Surface Water and Ocean Topography mission, especially for surface water bodies such as lakes and rivers since the surface decorrelation may limit the spatial resolution achievable by the mission to delineate water spatial boundaries. Initial assessments indicate decorrelation times consistent with limited published observations for the ocean and fresh water bodies (several milliseconds). However, there are challenges both in terms of the phenomenology and in the instrument sensitivity to longer decorrelations.


Background. Recently, transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) has been used to treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), yet much is still unknown regarding its optimal use.


A master unit (20a) is provided with a band assignment section (211) for determining a transmission permissible period in which the reproduction quality of a first data flow in a data flow receiving device for receiving a data flow can be maintained and in which the first data flow can be transmitted and setting a transmission permissible period in which a second data flow can be transmitted while securing the transmission permissible period in which the determined first data flow can be transmitted when receiving a request to set the transmission band of the second data flow. As a result, the master unit (20a) assigns transmission permissible periods which are inconsecutive in terms of time to the second data flow. The first data flow is transmitted between the transmission permissible periods which are inconsecutive in terms of time and thus can be transmitted in the state in which the reproduction quality is maintained.


In science education, there seems to be a high degree of consensus for greater emphasis on teaching of critical thinking and problem-solving through discovery learning or inquiry training. There is less consensus concerning the methodology for doing this. Many educators today have found valid reason to criticize the new science curricula materials on the grounds that there is no experimental evidence to substantiate the many claims which each particular program infers to effectiveness in teaching inquiry. The answer sought to assess the usefulness of one such set of materials, the BSCS Single Topic Film Loops in teaching this process to students, although roughly defined to include almost every factor in the structure of intellect, this research is limited to one of the more important sub-processes of inquiry-construction of relevant hypotheses. In most instances of inquiry, only one sub-process precedes hypothesis construction, that is, the observed discrepant event which focused the student's attention on the problem. Hypotheses are temporarily accepted explanations of phenomena, or probable solutions to problems. They provide a preview of what the results of an investigation may be and an opportunity to subject the design to the rules of formal logic. It is here that the science teacher is presented with the opportunity to identify inconsistencies in thinking and suggest increased efficiency in the design of experiments. However, the successful teaching of science through hypotheses construction demands from the teacher a skill and knowledge of planned activities which present problems and phenomena requiring student participation in hypotheses formulation. The BSCS Single Topic Films presented on Super 8mm loops, are focused on initiating student participation in hypotheses construction. These are short (four minute), silent films which present a biological phenomenon designed to encourage inquiry by posing problems, raising questions, and presenting experimental data to challenge the interpretative ability of the student. Students are asked by the teacher to formulate relevant hypotheses concerning the phenomenon presented and accept, reject, or revise these hypotheses upon the basis of additional visual data.


Forrest C. Bennett, MD, is Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of WashingtOn, and Director, High-Risk Infant Follow-up Program, University of Washington Earl)' identification of disahilities enahles early intervention by occupational therapists and other health professionals. Because the numher of children who can he seen in therapy is limited, it is important to he ahle to identify those infants most likely to have deficits at a later age. Therefore, it is necessary to study and understand the relationship between infants' scores on early developmental assessments and later developmental outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which scores on the Bayley Scales ofInfant Development (BSID) during the first 2 years of life are related to motor and cognitiue performance at 4112 years for a sample of children identified at birth as hiologically high risk. This retrospective study involved 70 children who were evaluated at corrected ages of 4 months, 1 year, 2 years, and 4Y2 years. The 4-month BSID Mental and Motor Scale scores did not relate Significantly to later cognitive motor performance In contrast, the 12-month BSID Mental Scale scores related Significantly to preschool scores on hoth the motor and cognitive measures. However, the 24-month BSID Mental Scale scores related Significantly only to scores on the preschool cognitive measures. Though Significant, these correlation coefficients had small magnitudes. Thus, therapists should he cautious ahout using BSID testing at 4 months, 1 year, and 2 years when attempting to predict later preschool performance.


ABSTRACT Susceptibility and carboxylesterase (CarE) activity to four selected acaricides (amitraz, propargite, azocyclotin, and diafenthiuron) were assayed for five field populations of Panonychus citri (McGregor). Mite populations were collected from Beibei, Zhongxian, Wanzhou, and Changshou counties of Chongqing municipality, and Nanchong county, Sichuan province, southwestern China, respectively. Among selected acaricides, all populations but Beibei seemed to be most sensitive to azocyclotin though the last population appeared to be least susceptible to the acaricide. The Wanzhou population expressed most sensitivity to all acaricides. For CarE activity assay, the Wanzhou population expressed the lowest general and specific enzymatic activity among the five populations. Kinetic analysis showed that the catalytic activities of CarE to the substrate α-naphthyl acetate in the other four relatively insensitive populations were higher, with the highest recorded in the Beibei population. Based on the detoxifying role of CarE, the higher activities of CarE in four other populations might have contributed to the previous toxicity assay results showing less sensitivity to four tested acaricides than the Wanzhou population. Subsequent in vitro inhibition assay showed that CarE of the Wanzhou population was more sensitive to all acaricides based on its lower I 50s (the acaricide concentration required to inhibit 50% of CarE activity). The current study suggested that CarE might be associated with lower sensitivity to acaricides.


The "deterritorialization" in the field of sport is perhaps one of the most striking features in modern sport. And for Uruguay this is not a new phenomenon, as "migration" is part of the national culture and have, among other consequences, strong imprint on the sport organization and the meaning given to it. This work is a breakthrough research that has three major objectives. First, to present a conceptual framework as a reference to understand the concept of skilled migration associated with the world of sport, its typology and an approximation of the reasons that lead an athlete to migrate. Second, to describe some characteristics of the Uruguayan case, in particular as regards its most popular sport, soccer. And third, to review some of the possible effects, both positive and negative, that occur in the countries from which they are originated.


We have studied the complexation between the chiral chromophore methyl mandelate and the chiral solvent methyl lactate. Non chiral methyl glycolate has also been studied for the sake of comparison. The goal of our study is to understand the forces responsible for chiral recognition. To circumvent the effect of solvation and thermal agitation in solution, we form weakly bound diastereomers between chiral molecules in isolated gas phase conditions. The chiral pairs are characterised by the non‐equivalence of their structure which involves different interaction energy both in the ground and excited states. The diastereomers exhibit thus a different shift of the S0–S1 transition relative to the bare chromophore. We characterise the topology of the complexes using the double resonance IR/UV spectroscopy technique by determining the ν(OH) and ν(CH) stretch mode frequencies and we can understand the role of hydrogen bonding in chiral discrimination.


According to a kind of new method-generalized extended interpolation,the approaching model of air pressure data is constructed.The application show that generalized extended interpolation method can meet demand of interpolation in air pressure data.


Various embodiments comprise a port to connect to a lead with an electrode, stimulator circuitry connected to the port and adapted to deliver electrical pulses to the electrode as part of a first electrical therapy type, and a controller connected to the stimulator circuitry. In operation, the controller controls delivery of the electrical pulses using a plurality of parameters for a programmed electrical therapy of the first electrical therapy type, determines when a therapy of a second electrical therapy type is applied, provides electrical therapy for the first electrical therapy type using a first set of parameters when the therapy of the second electrical therapy type is present to affect the at least one programmed electrical therapy for the first electrical therapy type, and provides electrical therapy using a second set of parameters when the therapy of the second electrical therapy type is not present.


Objective To explore the optimal time for clinical interventions on third trimester pregnant women with premature rupture of membranes( PROM). Methods A retrospective study was conducted on clinical data of 604 healthy,at the last trimester( gestational age ≥34 weeks),and singleton pregnant women with PROM,who admitted to the hospital from January l,2010 to December 31,2011. All subjects were divided into 4 groups: women in group 1 were those fell into spontaneous labor within 12h after PROM( n = 169, 27. 9%); women in group 2 were in spontaneous labor between 12h to 24h after PROM( n = 136,22. 5%); group 3 included those women who were not in labor within 12h after PROM and oxytocin induction was offered( n = 124,20. 5%); women in group 4 oxytocin were administered for induction for women not in labor at 12h to 24h and those women who were not in labor over 24h after PROM,and oxytocin induction was offered after PROM( n = 175,28. 9%); the maternal and neonatal complications and outcomes of all pregnancies were reviewed and compared. Results Among the 604 cases,305( 50. 1%) fell into spontaneous labor,including 169( 28. 0%) within 12h with a cesarean section rate of 19. 5%( 33 /169),136( 22. 5%) at 12 ~ 24 h after PROM with the CSR of 22. 8%( 31 /136) and 175 did not go into labor spontaneously with a CSR of 69. 7%( 122 /175).( 2) Among the 604 women,299 were induced at 12h and 24h after PROM. The CSR,incidence of intrauterine infection,puerperal morbidity and perinatal mortality rate in group 3 were significantly lower than those of group 4[CSR: 50. 7%( 63 /124) vs 69. 7%( 122 /175); intrauterine infection: 6. 5%( 8 /124) vs 22. 7%( 40 /175); prerperal morbidity: 6. 5%( 8 /124) vs 19. 8%( 35 /175); perinatal mortality: 0. 5%( 1 /124) vs 4. 0%( 7 /175),P 0. 01],but no difference was found in the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage [1. 0%( 1 /98) vs 4. 0%( 7 /177),P 0. 05]. Conclusion Intervention is not recommended within 12h after PROM in the last trimester. However,induction of labor should be offered thereafter. However,the CSR and incidence of maternal and neonatal complications rise up if induction of labor postpones to 24h after PROM.


5-Fluorouridine (FUrd) has been successfully converted to 5'-O-(4,4'-dimethoxytrityl)-2'-O-(tertbutyldimethylsilyl)-5-fluorouridine 3'-(cyanoethyl N,N-diisopropyl(phosphoramidite) by methods similar to those employed for the preparation of other ribonucleoside phosphoramidites. The desired product, as well as its precursors and the incorrect regioisomers, are prepared and fully characterized by 1 H NMR, 19 F NMR, 31 P NMR, FAB-MS, UV absorbance, elemental analysis, and melting points. The purified material is used for the production of RNA by solid-phase methods. Coupling yields of 94% are obtained with this material. The resulting RNA is readily purified and used for biophysical studies. The self-complemetary RNA decamer 5'-rGCGAAU(FU)CGC is prepared and purified. The material adopts an A-form duplex in solution at neutral pH as characterized by CD spectroscopy. The thermal stability of the duplex is similar to the parent duplex oligoribonucleotide prepared with uridine instead of 5-fluorouridine. The control duplex has a T m of 53.8 and the FUrd substituted duplex has a T m of 56.6 ×b0° C as determined by UV hyperchromicity at 260nm. The CD spectra and UV hyperchromicity data for the duplex oligoribonucleotide containing FUrd have a slight pH dependence indicating that ionization of FUrd has a slight but measurable impact on RNA duplex stability. 1D NMR spectroscopy of the imino hydrogens for this duplex in H 2 O solution confirms the formation of Watson-Crick base pairs. The imino hydrogen resonance for the FUrd-A base pair is moved downfield and broadened compared with a control duplex oligoribonucleotide as a consequence of the electron-withdrawing inductive effect of fluorine


Objective To investigate the clinical value of ECG in the diagnosis of coronary heart disease. Methods To analyze the correspondence of the clinical symptoms,ECG and coronary angiography( CAG) in 151 cases with coronary heart disease( acute and old myocardial infarction excluded). Results CAG positive rate of the typical angina group( 89. 47%) was significantly higher than that of the atypical angina group( 41. 03%) and the no angina group( 25. 00%),P 0. 01; The positive rate of CAG 52 patients with ischemic changes was 86. 5%,the sensitivity was 54. 9%,the specificity was 71. 1%. The area of the scope of coronary artery injury and the degree of coronary artery stenosis was bigger,the positive rate of ECG abnormalities was higher. Conclusion ECG examination has important practical value in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease,but it is suggested to be combined with the clinical manifestations and the data.


According to Tacitus (Agr. 40, 1-2), the emperor Domitian had promised to Cn. Iulius Agricola the governorship of Syria but the promise finally was not fulfilled; veracity of this information was a subject of many critiques and discussions among scholars. Confronting Tacitus' s accusations against Domitian, with the rules of senatorial promotion being in force during the Flavian period, it is appropriate to conclude that these charges were without foundation. We can assume that the main aim of the defamation of Domitian by the Roman historian justifies the immoral conduct of many of Tacitus' senatorial colleagues during his reign.


The trend towards larger car engines must be stopped, to achieve the desired reductions in carbon dioxide emissions and improvements in fuel efficiency and traffic safety. Specific power ratings should be reduced by at least 50%. In 1990, road traffic emission limits were specified in the National Environment Policy Plan (NEPP) 1990-1994 of The Netherlands. The NEPP had measures for: (1) vehicle-based design and fuel quality (source-based policy); (2) traffic volume (reducing car use); and (3) reducing speeds and improving driving habits and traffic flows. The connections of vehicle design and speed with emissions and fuel consumption have been examined in detail. The design features of modern fast cars combine with driver psychology to lead to a high level of 'active unsafety'. Current trends of upgrading car models have become part of people's car culture and spending patterns, but are environmentally unsustainable. As driver self-control is becoming harder to achieve, it must be replaced by 'vehicle self-control'. Top speeds, acceleration capacity, and cylinder capacity need to be limited, and the power-to-weight ratio needs to be reduced by at least 60% in every vehicle. For the covering abstract, see IRRD 886884.


A fuzzy optimization method is applied to designing ignition coils of gasoline engines. According to the demands of gasoline engine on the ignition system, the author sets up a fuzzy optimization design model on the ignition coil with fuzzy optimization theory, and the practial calculation is performed also.


A unique modest approach to obtain low energy, few-cycle laser pulses at 800 nm through chloroform filled cascaded photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is theoretically presented. Temperature is considered as the control parameter in designing the cascaded PCF to compress femtosecond pulses using higher order soliton compression scheme. The temperature-dependent parameters of both fiber and the infiltrated chloroform liquid are utilized to solve the modified nonlinear Schrodinger equation that facilitates the engineering of ultrashort pulses. Through this method, cascaded PCF could be designed using a single fiber for the generation of short pulses with minimal pedestal energy deprived of any other supplementary modules. We numerically prove that the compression of pulses from an input pulse of 140 fs up to 6.98 fs is possible by using temperature-controlled PCF. The designed fiber compressor is estimated to provide the possible compression factor of 20.05, quality factor of 0.49, output energy of 4.81 pJ, with 5...


This article critically appraises the biofuels regimes from the perspective of their effects on the environment and human rights. It concentrates on agrofuels production in particular, and examines the risks associated with such production for local populations and regions. The article introduces biofuels and its associated problems to the reader and then proceeds to consider the specific cases of the human rights to water, to land and to food in the context of bioenergy. It argues that any biofuel or agrofuel production must take into account sustainability issues, including human rights, and that beyond the commercial risks inherent in failure to do so, greater international regulation of biofuels is necessary and desirable. VOLUME 4 EJLS ISSUE 1


Wireless network is limited by the transmission medium,transmission process would be subject to strong interference,resulting in jitter.This jitter would have sporadic loss congestion control mechanism had been mistaken for congestion.TCP westwood algorithm(TCPW) doesn't distinguish between congestion loss and wireless loss,leading to congestion mechanism is too sensitived and bandwidth utilization is reduced.Based on the value of the RTT,a new TCP scheme is proposed,called TCPW BR,which is a revision of TCP westwood.The algorithm to smooth the measured RTT values and based on a weighted average of the ideological division of congestion levels,determine the congestion loss and wireless loss jitter.Simulation results show that,TCPW BR algorithm improves the judge handling capacity of congestion and random error on the wireless network,increases bandwidth utilization and throughput,and maintains friendliness and fairness.


Lock-in amplify(LIA) is one of the important techniques for weak signal detection,so it is widely used in near-infrared spectral measurements.Based on the principle of spectrum absorption,this paper used phase shifting that by adjusting the size of the bias voltage controls the phase difference between the detected signal and reference signal,and the use of balance modemAD630 which achieves phase-sensitive detection were effective on restraining noise to improve the performance of the system.The results indicate that the output of the detective circuit is linear with the gas volume fraction,its linearity of fitting coefficients is 0.998 5,and the sensitivity is 0.045 7 V/%.


We live in an increasingly connected world where not only can we open our garage doors with sensors, but from a remote location we can also lock our doors, or turn off our lights. Such convenience and flexibility come with great concerns for privacy and security. In this paper, we study privacy of smart home devices in home residence settings and show how homeowner's privacy could be compromised via simple network traffic analysis. We first measure normal traffic patterns generated on commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) smart home devices, and identify possible privacy vulnerabilities. We designed a smart home hub-integrated solution to mitigate such risk by obscuring real network traffic with synthetic traffic. We suggest that the smart home industry consider incorporating this approach into their products to improve privacy in the smart home environment.


Discussed in this paper is the evolution of work that started, since March 1989, by using the M. Fleischmann and S. Pons method and ended by using thin palladium wires electrolyzed in an electrolyte consisting of slightly acidic heavy alcohol-water solution containing thorium (Th) and mercury (Hg) salts at micromolar concentrations. The resulting large and dynamic loading of the Pd wires was studied. The recent use of thorium instead of strontium resulted in thermal anomalies and detection of new elements in larger amounts. The results with Sr are qualitatively in agreement with what was found by Y. Iwamura (Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Yokohama-Japan) using multilayers of Pd-CaO-Pd-Sr in flowing deuterium gas. Most results seem to be in agreement with a "multi-body resonance fusion of deuterons" model recently developed by A.Takahashi (Osaka University-Japan).


Hepatic angiosarcoma is a rare primary mesenchymal malignancy. Prognosis is poor and mortality occurs early. The diagnosis is challenging. Our case was an asymptomatic 70 year-old man referred, with incidental ultrasonography finding of multiple liver nodules. Diagnostic laparoscopic liver biopsy and the histopathological examination reported a haemangioma. Six months later, he became symptomatic and his health condition deteriorated rapidly.


1 The ability of different neurotrophic factors to maintain and regulate synaptic function at the developing motoneuron was studied in Xenopus nerve–muscle co‐cultures. Spontaneous synaptic currents (SSCs) were measured by using whole‐cell voltage‐clamped myocytes. 2 Compared with natural synapses, motoneurons without contact on a myocyte (naive neurons) released ACh in smaller quantal packets, the amplitude being inversely proportional to the days in culture. The mean SSC amplitudes of naive neurons, which were measured by manipulating a myoball into contact with the myocyte‐free nerve terminals to form a manipulated synapse, were 99.5 ± 6.7 and 48.2 ± 1.9 pA for day‐1 and day‐3 cultures, respectively. 3 Chronic treatment of day‐1 cultures with brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin‐3 (NT‐3), neurotrophin‐4 (NT‐4), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) or glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) for 2 days, increased the ACh quantal size of naive motoneurons in a concentration‐dependent manner, whereas insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) had no effect, even at high concentrations. 4 The interaction of various neurotrophic factors was examined, using concentrations that gave maximal effects. Combination of CNTF plus BDNF or CNTF plus NT‐3 had synergistic effects in potentiating SSC amplitude of the manipulated synapse of naive neurons, whereas NT‐3 plus BDNF, NT‐3 plus GDNF, BDNF plus GDNF or CNTF plus GDNF had no synergistic action. 5 Chronic treatment with d‐tubocurarine for 2 days resulted in a reduction of the quantal size of natural synapses. Concomitant treatment with BDNF, NT‐3, GDNF, CNTF but not bFGF or IGF‐1, reconstituted the SSC amplitude. 6 Taken together, these findings suggest that BDNF, NT‐3, NT‐4, CNTF and GDNF may regulate and maintain the synaptic function of developing motoneurons, and different neurotrophic factors utilizing distinct signalling mechanisms may have synergistic actions.


In this paper we consider some regular lattices with the fundamental cell in the figure 1, where three different forms of obstacles: a rhomb, a circle and a square. In particular we obtain the Laplace probability. Let (a, b, c; α) be the regular lattice with fundamental cell C 0 is as in fig. 1 c c 2 / c C 0 fig.1


PURPOSE: An optical disc recorded with demo data only for reproduction and a reproducing method thereof are provided to realize the selective reproduction of demo data without any additional description codes by additionally recording un-encrypted data of the same contents with the data of a part of encrypted data on the optical disc. CONSTITUTION: An optical disc recorded with demo data only for reproduction includes a data recording area, and a management information recording area recorded with management information required for the reproducing of the data, wherein the data recording area is to record encrypted data, and un-encrypted data of the same contents with a partial section of the encrypted data, and the management information recording area is recorded with position information for searching the un-encrypted data.


The ultra strength alloy steel with high content of Co and Ni is typical tempering martensite steel, and the secondary hardening is accomplished by the precipitation of fine scale alloy carbides with black white contrast until peak hardening. The crystal structure of precipitates was well determined as M 2C with hexagonal by micro beam diffraction. Observing in HREM, M 2C carbides were shown coherent with the ferrite matrix completely and have their own structure.


In view of history and culture of China,there are five dimenstions that involve national unity,mutual trust,and symbiotic co-existnece of Minzu.The first dimension is that group diversity is the amplification of personal diversity.We should not oppose personal democracy against Minzu diversity and identity.The second dimension is of afluence and virtue.Revitalizing the country with arts is to guide and accomodate diversities with virtue,seeking overlapping consensus in differences.The third dimension is of the hierarchical ordering of differences and similarities and learning to search for overlapping consensus and to build a consensuous community of deliberacy.The fourth dimension is of Minzu and citizenry.Chinese citizenry can only be defined by the plurality of Minzu membership,which should be embedded at the same time in citizenship.Minzu membership and Chinese citizenry are complementary to and underscore each other.The fifth dimension is of the semiosis of Minzu.National minorities and borderland regions can serve as reflective mirrors for modernity and urbanization.We should learn to find symbiotic consensus and values in diversities and conflicts.


The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic peaked very early in comparison to the thresholds predicted by an analysis of prior lockdown regimes. The most convenient explanation is that some, external factor changed the value of the basic reproduction number, r0; and there certainly are arguments for this. Other factors could, nonetheless, have played a role. This research attempts to reconcile the observed peak with the thresholds predicted by lockdown regimes similar to the one in force at the time. It contemplates the effect of two, different, hypothetical errors in the data: The first is that the true level of infection has been underestimated by a multiplicative factor, while the second is that of an imperceptible, pre-existing, immune fraction of the population. While it is shown that it certainly is possible to manufacture the perception of an early peak as extreme as the one observed, solely by way of these two phenomena, the values need to be fairly high. The phenomena would not, by any measure, be insignificant. It also remains an inescapable fact that the early peak in infections coincided with a fairly profound change in r0; in all the contemplated scenarios of data-deficiency.


Emergent phenomenon, as one of the important characteristics of complex system, has been studied by many researchers.Emergent Computation is an innovated idea of research on intelligent behaviors of complex dynamic system.According to the development of emergent computation, the difficulty and focus of research on emergent behaviors were analyzed.Then the research on emergent computation model was described in two directions, including analysis of structures and methods.The research status in China and others countries were analyzed and summarized too.Finally, the swarm model was selected to be simulated and mined by use of rough set method.The result proves that parameters of swarm model influence its shape.


The article deals with studying the institutional dysfunction of the Russian market of mergers and acquisitions. It proves that problems of functioning and quality of formal regulating institutions hinder its effective development. The contradiction of interests between the state as a subject of regulation and the state as a participant of the market resulted in forming institutional microdysfunctions connected with "double standards" of law enforcement for different types of owners, striving to obtain bureaucracy rent, intertwining functional actions of the state as a regulator and the state as a market participant. This contributed to the regular blocking of the trap effect in applying valuation norms in the antitrust law, causing impossibility to effectively prevent unfair deals and at the same time hinder fair and effective deals in the Russian market of mergers and acquisitions. To settle this problem it is required to use changes aimed at reducing asymmetric information between subjects of the Russian market of mergers and acquisitions and the state, and also blocking informal institutions which are in conflict with formal regulating institutions. Improving evaluation methods of economic analysis in the antitrust practice, expanding informal control (such as making independent expert research of future substantial deals and also analyzing performed deals) will contribute to overcoming the existing dysfunctions of the Russian market of mergers and acquisitions.


PURPOSE: To provide a method for especially improving the quality like mechanical properties of a single-layered or multilayered film which is at least partially constituted of thermoplastically processable starch and to obtain the single- layered or multilayered film having at least one layer at least partially including thermoplastically processable starch and having improved mechanical properties. CONSTITUTION: In a method for especially improving the quality like mechanical properties of a single-layered or multilayered film having at least one layer at least partially constituted of thermoplastically processable starch, the film is uniaxially or biaxially stretched after production.


OBJECTIVE
To determine friend leukaemia integration 1 transcription factor protein expression in cases of Ewing sarcoma.

METHODS
This retrospective, descriptive study was conducted at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, and comprised data of diagnosed cases of Ewing sarcoma related to the period from February 2013 to December 2014. Clinico-pathological features, including patient age, gender and site of biopsy were studied. Positivity of immunohistochemical markers such as cluster of differentiation 99(membranous staining) and Friend leukaemia integration 1 transcription factor (nuclear staining) were noted. SPSS17 was used for data analysis.

RESULTS
Of the 50 Ewing sarcoma cases, 26(52%) related to women and 24(48%) to men. The overall mean age was 17+11.53 years (range: 3 to 42 years). Moreover, 30(60%) patients had presented with bone swelling or growth whereas 20(40%) had presented with soft tissue swelling. The site of presentation was upper extremities in 16(32%) patients, lower extremities in 14(28%), maxilla in 7(14%), chest wall in 6(12%), paraspinal region in 4(8%), scalp in 2(4%) and retroperitoneum in 1(2%). Membranous positivity for cluster of differentiation 99 was seen in 48(98%) cases. Nuclear positivity for Friend leukaemia integration 1 transcription factor was seen in 39(78%) cases.

CONCLUSIONS
Friend leukaemia integration 1 transcription factor was found to be a useful marker in diagnosing Ewing sarcoma/peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumour. However, its positivity was more dependable when it was used in combination with other markers such as cluster of differentiation 99.


This paper has dealing with experimentally works which includes properties of materials and testing program. The testing program includes rotine characterization tests, chemical, and physical tests for samples of gypseous soil. Samples of disturbed and undisturbed soil was obtained of seven different locations of Salah-Aldeen province. The unified classification system was adopted of study region. Except sample 7, soil categorization (as poorly graded sand) was a good graded sand soil. Samples had non plasticity rate (NP). The results of laboratory tests (by using Arc-Map GIS program) were enhanced by spatial interpolation mapping utilizing Inverse Distance Weighted Scheme.


A simple method for isolation of genomic DNA from wild plants sampled in remote field areas is presented. The protocol combines NaCI/CTAB leaf preservation with sorbitol extraction of secondary compounds which often contain inhibitors of Taq DNA polymerase activity. The obtained DNA is suitable for random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis of plant populations as well as for specific amplification of chloroplast DNA sequences. The NaCI/CTAB leaf preservation is a powerful alternative to silica gel dryingbased preservation.


Aim: Metastasis to the brain has become a major limitation to the life expectancy and quality of life for many patients with breast cancer. Unfortunately, other than radiation and palliative treatments with trastuzumab, and pertuzumab, no effective therapy for brain metastases is currently available. This study seeks to identify novel gene targets and pharmaceutical Intervention against breast cancer brain metastasis. Methods: The detailed methods applied to this study, including comparative RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis of sequence data, ingenuity pathway analysis, protein-protein interaction analysis, high throughput screening of clinical and pre-clinical drugs, cell viability and proliferation assay, toxicity and apoptosis assay using fluorescenceactivated cell sorting, real-time PCR, western blotting, statistical analysis of data. Results: The study reveals critical roles for SRC, ERBB2, PIK3CA, and GABA in the proliferation and survival of breast cancer brain metastatic (BBM) cells and showed that SRCand ERBB2-mediated activation of PIK3-AKT/mTOR signaling regulates BBM cell survival. Selective inhibition of these candidate genes alone or in combination induces robust apoptosis in BBM cells Conclusion: The findings of this study provide a rationale for further preclinical evaluation of SRC-targeting regimens in combination with ERBB2 inhibitors and/or GABA agonists to target breast cancer brain metastasis.


The city scope and the population density have developed very fast in the recent 30 years. Therefore, architects face the problem of how to come out a successful design of urban housing. By analyzing the examples of collect housing, this essay states the view that concave space type (housing with enclosed courtyard) housing will be the new focus of urban housing design in the future.


The use of clay in industries as related to heavy castings could not produce cores of adequate strength therefore other alternatives are cereal substances which are widely used in the steel foundry as binders or as additions to core and molding sands. In that connection, an investigation was carried out to determine and compare the foundry properties of cassava starch and oils as binders. Cassava starch without oil showed a maximum tensile strength of 311KN/m2 at a baking time of 2hours but, with the addition of oils such as soya beans, cotton seed and groundnut, there was a tremendous improvement in the baked strength up to a maximum of 863KN/m2. This is important because of the growing technology of heavy duty machines of our time. Considering the oils used: soya bean, cotton seed and groundnut, the casting characteristics of soya bean with cassava prove more superior to the others. With this new discovery, local foundries can look to solving the problems of their spare parts production from iron and steel particularly rail and automobile industries.


The aim of the studies reported in this thesis was to evaluate the use of ultrasound in the assessment of canine obesity.


In this paper, the advantages of using the transmitter antenna's near-field region in broadcasting network are described. Channel transmission coefficients for plain, cylindrical and spherical wave front are shown. The optimum height of vertical array antenna, optimum elevation angle of radiation and required accuracy of elevation angle to provide maximum efficiency are calculated. Covering Estonia with near-field region of 9 transmitters is given as an example


This study uses the new classical Ramsey growth model to analyze the impacts of lowered estate tax rates in Taiwan. Simulation results indicate a decrease in capital stock and economic growth when post-adjusted estate tax rate falls below 28.22%, which resembles the optimal estate tax rate to keep capital stock unchanged. The results also show that estate tax rate cuts have caused changes in relative prices, resulting in excess burden (EB). The implication of our simulation results is that Taiwan's current estate tax rate cut to 10% will not be able to increase capital stock and promote economic growth.


paper explores the impact of the current financial crisis on employment of female immigrants by conducting empirical analysis based on the Spanish Labour Force Survey, from 2000 until 2010. Results show that female immigrants are less affected by the recession in comparison to male immigrants. At the same time, human capital of female immigrants is more effective against the employment fall in comparison to male immigrants, of which the unemployment rate shows a higher growth. As for Spanish women, employment rates show the smallest drop since the recession, having the same effect on high as well as low educated women. Finally, time in the labour market only has a positive impact on prospects of female natives.


The credit risk is a great problem faced by commercial banks of our country today, which not only influences the banks' stability, but also becomes the main inner reason of the financial risks. The management system is the key that produces the risks. What it can be done is to have financial system renewed and strengthen the administration.


In 2010 I filmed descendants of formerly enslaved populations in Kayes narrating the history of their ancestors and the realities of internal slavery in West Africa. The result was a 23-minute documentary film entitled "The Diambourou: Slavery and Emancipation in Kayes—Mali," which was released in 2014. The film was as much responding to specific historiographical questions in the field as a tool of research action to raise awareness among younger generations and to fight legacies of social discrimination today. With the exactions perpetuated against descendants of formerly enslaved populations in the Kayes region since 2018, the film, via its access-free online version, has experienced a second life as an anti-slavery activist medium, helping to bridge the gap between endogenous historical fighting against slavery and contemporary anti-slavery activism in the Soninke diaspora.


Cancer is currently one of the major problems for modern medicine. Still looking for the effective but also safe methods of treatment. Today there are many the cancer treatments methods such as chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy and the most modern method the gene therapy. Unfortunately, these methods often prove to be ineffective for certain patients and are associated with the appearance of the body debilitating side effects. Therefore, despite the existence of such complex therapies, oncology patients are increasingly turning to herbs. The main motive for which they are doing this is a very low risk of side effects. The first mention of the plant, which was attributed antitumor activity appeared in the book of Dioscorides, a Greek fitoterapeuty. The plants exhibit antitumor activity primarily include those which comprise the following groups of active substances: sesquiterpene lactones, alkaloids, phytoestrogens, carotenoids, indole derivatives, curcuminoids. Chemical compounds belonging to these specific groups are characterized by very different mechanisms of antitumor activity. Keywords


In spite of the educational importance of the history of imagery, the range of available images and that of ways of seeing, historians of education have not troubled themselves about the uses of imagery and the attempts to impose one image or representation rather than another upon any given area. In this paper I first comment on those characters and objects most frequently put forward by iconographic conventions and employed to represent concepts and ideas connected to education, as well as those used to stand for the word education itself. Thereby, I try to draw attention not only to the various iconographie conventions, but also to their sources, to the concepts and ideas underlying given representations and to the general use of a feminine personification in order to represent education and other related terms. This preference for a feminine personification in different modes is analyzed starting principally from the famous Iconologia (1603) of Ripa and the Iconologia cnstiana y gentflica (1850) by Castellanos de Losada, with the Dictionnaire iconologique (1779) by Lacombe de Prezel and the Iconologie (1791) by Gravelot and Cochin as intermediary influences. Also examined are the network of interrelated terms symbolically linked to the feminine which have educational connotations and some examples taken from the imagery of different artistic periods of the Western World. At the same time, this analysis shows how these representations of education (personifications, objects, mottoes, scenes, etc.) reflect different conceptions and ideas of it.


Conduction of the clinical trials on human subjects in order to gain data about efficiency and safety of the new drugs, medical devices and behavioral interventions is the essential part of the process of improvement in medical science. Yet, there are many potential risks of mistreat or abuse of the subject's legal rights and safety once they are involved in these trials. Determinations of generally accepted demands of ethical justification for clinical trials provide decrease of risks for subjects that undergo the clinical trials. After analyzing the content of the international and regional declarations, ethical guidelines and local legal regulations, author finds that basic ethical requirements for conduction of the clinical trials are: scientific and social values and scientific validity, risk benefit ratio, fair subject selection, voluntary informed consent, respect of the subject's personal rights and independent ethical comity review. In this work, author explains the purpose of these demands, determines their correlation and conclude that all of them stand in mutual connection and interrelation. Only cumulative fulfillment of all of the named requirements allows ethically acceptable approach to conduction of clinical trials with avoiding the exploitation and providing the fair and dissent environment for subjects with full respect to their legal rights and safety.


Moving from high school and the family home to living in a communal university residence can be a significant transition, especially in regard to sexual activity and knowledge. The influence of variable sexuality education programmes, family context, and personal experiences, means that young students come to university with a wide range of sexual knowledge and experiences. The purpose of this thesis is to represent the current narratives about sexuality and heterosex that are both prevalent and important for university students living in the residential community setting. This research utilised a qualitative approach, with participants who were living in a University of Waikato Halls of Residence taking part in a men-only, or a women-only, focus group. Semi-structured group interviews were also conducted with key informants who work and live in residential halls. Multiple themes were explicated from the focus groups and group interviews, with some discourses overlapping groups (e.g. all groups discussed contraception) and some discourses being distinct to particular groups (e.g. women talked about sexual coercion). One key finding was the dominant narratives that impact young women's sexual pleasure. Following on from this were the ramifications of the sexual double standard for young women when living in a community setting. An additional key point of attention was the prominence of problematic sexual narratives when transitioning to the 'adulthood' of living in university halls. While participants were primarily happy with residential halls, information was shared regarding how residential staff can impact on student living and contentment. Above all, it seemed that the year in residential halls appeared to be a year of liminality, or transition between 'youth' and 'adult'. The findings from this research suggest a need for further investigation into sexuality discourses that profoundly impact young women and men, as well as the novel experiences of residential living.


Three types of new structure a‐Si solar cells having more than 9% efficiency are presented. The first one has a high optical reflection back electrode metal alloyed with optically transparent n‐type μc‐Si deposited on the conventional glass substrate a‐SiC/a‐Si heterojunction solar cell. The second type structure is an inverted p‐i‐n solar cell having Ag/TiO2/a‐Si metal‐insulator‐semiconductor type back surface electrode which more efficiently collects longer wavelength photocarriers just above the band edge. The third structure demonstrated here has a‐Si/polycrystalline tandem junction to pick up the energy of longer wavelength photons passing through the front side of the a‐Si solar cell. All key technologies proposed here are practical and offer more promised real alternatives for the fabrication of high efficiency a‐Si solar cells.


Abstract Simultaneous measurements of optical activity and birefringence have been made for the first time on poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA), which is a well-known piezoelectric and biodegradable polymer. Optical gyration of PLLA films, one stretched 2.5 times the other 6 times as long as the original ones, displayed different temperature dependence in the higher and lower temperature regions and changed the sign in the lower one. These facts suggest a conformational change to take place in PLLA at some temperature in the lower one.


The objective of this study is to reveal the perceptions of the students of the sports sciences faculty regarding the concept of "Fair-Play" by means of metaphors. 275 students [male (n=173), female (n=102) ] studying at the Sports Sciences Faculty of Seljuk University in the fall semester of the 2016-2017 educational year took part in the study voluntarily. The data of the study were obtained by making the students complete the sentence of "Fair-Play is like………….. because……….." Every student was expected to create a metaphor regarding the concept of Fair-Play in that way. In this study, the research design of phenomenology was used and the analysis of the data was conducted by using the content analysis method. The perceptions of the students of the Sports Sciences Faculty for the concept of "Fair-Play" were scrutinized by way of the metaphor analysis method. In this scope, the process of analysis and construal of the metaphors developed by the students took place in five stages as (1) determination of the metaphors, (2) classification of the metaphors, (3) category development, (4) ensuring validity and reliability, and (5) transfer of the data to the SPSS package program for quantitative data analysis.According to the findings of the study, the students created totally 119 valid metaphors regarding the concept of "Fair-Play." The metaphors were analyzed in terms of their common traits and brought together under seven conceptual categories. At the end of the study, it was determined that students have perceived Fair Play as the "Expression of Wisdom" by 27%; as the "Expression of Nature" by 25%; "as a Guide" by 19%; as the "Expression of Humanly Qualifications" by 13%; as the "Expression of Cleanness" by 8%; as the "Expression of Contradiction" by 5%; and as "Important Persons" by 3%.


A randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted to compare the efficacy of early intervention (EI) for psychosis extended for 5 years with 2 years of EI followed by 3 years of regular care (details in prior publications). As secondary hypotheses, we postulated that the extended EI group (n 1⁄4 110) would have higher levels of alliance with their treatment providers than the control group (n 1⁄4 110) and that differences in medication adherence and retention in treatment between the two groups would be predicted by working alliance. Alliance was to be measured every 6 months after randomization (i.e., Months 30, 36, 42, 48, 54, and 60) with the Working Alliance Inventory (WAI), a self-report instrument. The average working alliance in the extended EI and regular care groups was 63.53 (SD 1⁄4 12.24, range: 24 to 84, N 1⁄4 85) and 59.35 (SD 1⁄4 12.30, range: 30 to 82, N 1⁄4 46), respectively, t(129) 1⁄4 1.862, P 1⁄4 0.065. The minimum score on the WAI is 12 and the maximum 84, indicating that in both arms, individuals reported moderate to high levels of alliance. Our results should not be interpreted as indicative of a true lack of difference in therapeutic alliance between persons receiving extended EI and regular care, given that individuals in the EI group were significantly likelier to have filled out the WAI at least once during follow-up than those receiving regular care (83% vs.44%, respectively; w 1⁄4 36.129, P < 0.001). We therefore chose not to conduct any additional analyses of the impact of alliance on group differences in medication adherence and retention. Willingness to fill out self-reports may in itself serve as an indicator of alliance/engagement with mental health systems/teams. Earlier, we reported that individuals receiving extended EI were likelier to remain engaged in their followup and have more contacts with their doctors and other treatment providers. That they were also likelier to complete the WAI may be an additional indicator of better "engagement" in the EI group. Assessments were conducted in both arms by the same research assistant. Nonetheless, some factors may have facilitated completion of measures in the EI group. Selfreports and structured interviews to assess symptoms were completed during in-person appointments with the research assistant who was in the same institution as the EI program, albeit in a separate pavilion. When individuals could not come in person, the research assistant completed the structured symptom interviews on the telephone. Self-reports, however, could not be done telephonically. This may have contributed to a higher rate of completion of symptom assessments (our primary outcome). If individuals consented, self-report measures were mailed to them, but very few mailed measures were returned. In the context of an RCT, it was important for the research assistant to be blind to treatment condition. This impeded us from adopting methods that prior research including in psychosis suggests may have facilitated completion of self-reports, for example, asking people to complete selfreports during their clinical appointments, so that completed measures could inform treatment decision-making in real time. Because a sizable number of individuals did not ever fill out the WAI, we examined the differences between individuals who completed the WAI during at least one of the six time points (n1⁄4 139) versus those who never completed it at any time point (n 1⁄4 81), irrespective of treatment condition. Although 139 individuals filled out the measure, 8 left out individual items, resulting in a total of 131 individuals for whom average WAI could be calculated. There was no significant difference between those who completed the WAI


Ti3C2Tx, a type of MXene as a new two-dimensional material, has abundant surface functional groups (-OH, -F, and -O, etc.) and can exhibit semiconductor properties through further surface functionalization. In addition, it demonstrates excellent absorption capabilities for both infrared and visible light. Currently, there is limited research on applying the semiconductor properties of Ti3C2Tx to infrared photodetectors. In this study, a self-driven near-infrared photodetector based on a C14H31O3P-Ti3C2/Au Schottky junction has been developed. The modified C14H31O3P-Ti3C2 two-dimensional semiconductor has been prepared by a simple solution method, in which the phosphonic acid group reacts with the hydroxyl group on the Ti3C2Tx surface. The C14H31O3P-Ti3C2/Au photodetector has been constructed using a drop-coating method at room temperature. The observation of an S-shaped curve in the I-V characteristics indicates the formation of a Schottky junction between C14H31O3P-Ti3C2 nanosheets and the Au electrode. The device exhibits good detection performance in the near-infrared band (808~1342 nm), with a maximum responsivity of 2.8×10-1A·W-1, a detectivity of 4.3×107 Jones and an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 32.75% under 1064 nm infrared light illumination. The Ion/Ioff ratio is 10.4, which is about 7.3 times higher than that under 1342 nm light. The response and recovery times of the device are 0.9 s and 0.5 s, respectively. After 10 cycles of I-t, the photocurrent does not show any significant decay, indicating excellent repeatability and cycle stability of the device. Due to the built-in electric field formed by the Schottky junction, photo-generated electrons and holes can quickly separate and produce photocurrent in the external circuit without the need for external voltage driving. In addition, the C14H31O3P-Ti3C2 film obtained by drop-casting on Au is composed of several layers of nanosheets that are randomly stacked, which can effectively relax the plasma momentum limitation, promote the generation of hot electrons, and contribute to the photocurrent. As the C14H31O3P-Ti3C2/Au Schottky junction photodetector possesses self-driven characteristics and simple fabrication process, it exhibits great potential in detecting weak light signals, such as in the fields of astronomy and biomedical science. The successful fabrication of this photodetector provides a new approach for the design and development of MXene-based near-infrared detectors, promoting further advancements in this field.


Social crowdsourcing is a special outsourcing plat- form, on which a complex job is outsourced onto a social network of workers. By interactively recruiting friends of friends, and assigning small pieces of works to them, eventually a large job can be completed. However, due to the workflows presenting a tree-like structure, the reliability of the current social crowdsourcing system is poor. The absence of a relay worker will cause disconnection between the job owner and sub-workers. For increasing the reliability, we explore two special social structures. One is based on a triangle relation among any three consecutive workers on the workflows; the other one is based on a quadrilateral relation between two physically intersected workflows. Based on these structures, we propose several social crowdsourcing return rules. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that our proposed schemes can significantly improve the performance and reliability of social crowdsourcing.


The dynamical instabilities of AgI are extensively studied using the density-functional perturbation theory to probe the mechanism of the pressure-induced phase transitions of wurtzite . Analysis of the phonon calculations suggested that the pressure-induced instabilities of the transverse acoustic (TA) modes at the M/X points of zone boundaries for WZ/ZB AgI are responsible for the phase transitions of . While the transition is not induced by phonon instability, but probably by energetic instability. Moreover, it is found that the transformation of the RS to monoclinic phase is driven by the softening of the TA mode at point X. The elastic constant calculations suggest that although the predicted elastic instabilities in WZ and ZB cannot independently induce the phase transition, they might couple with the softening phonon to lower the transition pressure. Pressure-induced metallization has been predicted for CsCl-type AgI from evidence of a significant band gap overlap. However, the CsCl phase of AgI is predicted to be dynamically unstable at the pressures under study.


A detailed investigation of the dislocation.mechanisms co~trolling prismatic slip in al~ha'solid solutions of Mg containing up to 15.9 at.~ Li revealed that low temperature prismatic slip is controlled by the Peierls mechanism for all alloy compositions. At higher temperatures slip in the 7.9 at.~ Li alloy was found to follow the dictates of the cross-slip mechanism from basal to prism planes, while the higher Li alloys exhibited 'an athermal deformation process which might be due to short-range ordering. The major'effect of Li additions on the low temperature shear stress > for prismatic slip appears to be due to its effect in lowering the Peierls stress whereas an increase in the shear stress with.increased Li content at higher temperatures might be due to short-range order strengthening. Add~tions up to 7.9at.~ Li appear to have only minor effects on the stacking fault energy.


Jeremiah 21:1-24:10 is the text chosen for the purpose of this article. We have to distinguish between the history reflected by these texts and the use of this history in a later context. One should perhaps say the re-applications of the history as it was understood by those who did the reflection and re-application. It is an application of an already interpreted history. In the case under discussion, it seems that prophetic oracles reflecting certain historical events are used to address issues of leadership in this later interpretative context. The matters addressed relate to with both religious and civil leadership issues. Probably reflecting a perspective from an exilic context, failed leadership is regarded as the cause of the exile. The texts are applied in this exilic context for didactic purposes.