In order to determine a reasonable excavation construction technology of example slope,this paper sets series working conditions of different excavation depths and different excavation classification numbers respectively,then use the numerical simulation to the slope under different working conditions by FLAC 3D,and the final conclusions are as follows: ①The safety factor of slope decreased gradually during the process excavation at each level,so it is necessary to reduce the disturbance on slope;② The stability of slope is the best when the slope excavation depth of each level is 15 m,if the slope excavation depth is too shallow,it must cause more disturbance to the original slope,and if the slope excavation depth is too deep,it is easy to form a large area of shear failure,both of the two conditions are not conducive to the stability of the slope.


The one-electron pseudo-atom potential is developed following the chemical bond modeling method we proposed earlier 1, 2 in the HF approximation. The bond orbital, exact in the HF approximation, is the solution of the closed-shell HF equation for two electrons in the field of two pseudo-atoms connected with the bond. The closed shell HF bond energy reproduces the bond adiabatic potential fairly well in the vicinity of the equilibrium bond length. However, for larger distances the results are bad due to the deficiency of one closed shell approximation for the bond at large interatomic separation. The few-to-many configuration calculations of the two-electron problem for the single chemical bond are reported here. The pseudo-atom potential used in these calculations is calculated in the HF approximation at the equilibrium bond length and fixed. The results for some carbon-containing molecules are presented and discussed here. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2004


XML permits documents with arbitrary nested context (tag structure). We investigate how this context may be used to aid the task of searching and exploring XML text. We describe the design and implementation of the Cextor system, which includes a contextsensitive text-search engine. Cextor also includes a novel technique for organizing and exploring very large search results based on context. A distinguishing feature of this technique is that it does not assume search results are of modest size. Rather, it is designed to cope with search results that are potentially the size of the database. We present the results of an experimental evaluation of Cextor on derived data from the Web.


INTRODUCTION
Proper toothbrush care and maintenance play an important role in oral health. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitude and practice of medical and dental students regarding the maintenance and disinfection of toothbrushes.

METHOD
This cross-sectional descriptive study examined 824 medical and dental students Of Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran. Data were collected using a researcher made questionnaire and analysed using Chi-square test and independent t-test. The level of statistical significance was considered to be less than 0.05.

RESULTS
Nearly 63.7% of the students had a good level of knowledge regarding toothbrush maintenance, 62.2% had a positive attitude toward toothbrush care, and 53.7% had a good practice. The mean scores of knowledge, attitude, and practice were significantly higher in dental, clinical, and female students as compared to medical, preclinical, and male students, respectively. Based on the results, about 54.3% of the students kept their toothbrushes outside the bathroom; 68% kept them vertically with the bristles upright; and 54% kept them in a separate container. Also, 50.6% of the students believed that toothbrush disinfection was necessary, while 31.9% believed that only certain groups of people needed toothbrush disinfection.

CONCLUSION
This study indicated the moderate level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of medical and dental students in maintaining and disinfecting their toothbrushes. The students' oral health habits were also at a moderate level; therefore, further improvements seem essential. To achieve this goal, educational intervention programs need to be developed in the future.


One of the most powerful techniques available for studying functions defined by differential equations is to produce power series expansions of their solutions when such expansions exist. This is the technique I now investigated, in particular, its feasibility in the solution of an engineering problem known as the problem of strut of variable moment of inertia. In this work, I explored the basic theory of the Bessel's function and its power series solution. Then, a model of the problem of strut of variable moment of inertia was developed into a differential equation of the Bessel's form, and finally, the Bessel's equation so formed was solved and result obtained.


Growth standards of birth weight, birth length and birth head circumference were constructed based on a population of Danish newborn boys and girls in gestational weeks twenty-five to forty-three. Study populations were residents of the municipality of Odense for later gestational ages and residents of the county of Funen for early gestational ages. Strict selection criteria were employed.


The recent progress in autonomous vehicle research and development has led to increasingly widespread testing of fully autonomous vehicles on public roads, where complex traffic scenarios arise. Along with these vehicles, partially autonomous vehicles, manually-driven vehicles, pedestrians, cyclists, and some animals can be present on the road, to which autonomous vehicles must react. This study focuses on a comprehensive survey of the literature on motion prediction and state estimation of vehicles and VRUs, which are essential for path planning and navigation functionalities of an autonomous vehicle. Motion prediction and state estimation methods utilize the vehicle's own sensory perception capabilities and information obtained through cooperative perception from V2V and V2X connections. This survey summarizes the significant progress that has been made in both categories, discusses the most promising results to date and outlines critical research challenges that need to be overcome to achieve full autonomy, from an ego vehicle's perspective in mixed traffic environments.


Redox-condensation reactions involving (PPN)/sub 2/(Fe/sub 3/(CO)/sub 9/(CCO)) and electrophilic transition-metal reagents lead to (PPN)/sub 2/(MFe/sub 3/(CO)/sub 13/C) (M = Cr, W), (PPN)/sub 2/(Cr/sub 2/Fe/sub 3/(CO)/sub 16/C), Rh/sub 2/Fe/sub 3/(CO)/sub 14/C, and (PPN)(Rh/sub 3/Fe/sub 3/(CO)/sub 15/C). Variable-temperature /sup 13/C NMR spectroscopy was employed to assign the structures of the tetranuclear clusters and Rh/sub 2/Fe/sup 3/(CO)/sub 14/C in solution. An improved synthesis of (PPN)(RhFe/sub 3/(CO)/sub 12/C) and more complete variable-temperature (ca. -130 to +20 /sup 0/C) /sup 13/C NMR spectra of this cluster and (PPN)(MnFe/sub 3/(CO)/sub 13/C) are discussed. All of the tetranuclear clusters are assigned butterfly metal geometries will the heterometals located at hinge sites. Attempts to prepare iron-molybdenum carbide clusters are discussed. The structure of (PPN)(Rh/sub 3/Fe/sub 3/(CO)/sub 15/C) was determined by a single-crystal x-ray diffraction study and was found to consist of a trigonal-antiprismatic metal array with the carbide ligand within the metal polyhedron. The iron atoms define one of the trigonal faces and the rhodium atoms define the other. Crystal data for (PPN)(Rh/sub 3/Fe/sub 3/(CO)/sub 15/C): monoclinic, space group P2/sub 1//n, a = 16.220 (6) A, b = 9.282 (3) A, c = 35.17 (3) A, ..beta.. = 94.84 (5)/sup 0/, Z = 4. 28 references, 5 figures,more » 6 tables.« less


Atlas-based analysis methods rely on the morphological similarity between the atlas and target images, and on the availability of labelled images. Problems can arise when the deformations introduced by pathologies affect the similarity between the atlas and a patient's image. The aim of this work is to exploit the morphological dissimilarities between atlas databases and pathological images to diagnose the underlying clinical condition, while avoiding the dependence on labelled images. To this end, the proposed method is formulated under the principle of atlas-based segmentation but, instead of propagating labels, we propagate image intensities. Using a set of MR atlas databases, each database associated with a clinical condition, synthetic images are generated for a target image. The diagnosis is established by assessing the degree of similarity between the synthetic images and the target and assigning the condition of the top-ranked synthetic image. The obtained results are comparable to state-of-the-art methods using annotated images, with an accuracy of 90.0% when evaluated on a set of 60 whole heart MR images containing healthy and pathological subjects.


When Hamdan v. Rumsfeld was handed down on the last day of the 2005 term, there were mixed reactions—most of them of a superlative nature. From the perspective of its proponents, it was a historically important decision that effectively constrained "unchecked" presidential authority during wartime. Its opponents lamented its implications, but generally both proponents and opponents seemed to think it a very important case. Indeed, I think one commentator called it "the most important decision on presidential power and the role of law ever." In my remarks here, I want to question the case's supposed jurisprudential significance. And I do not mean to suggest that because the case did not directly confront constitutional separation of powers issues as the D.C. Circuit recendy did in Boumediene v. Bush, it is not that important. My critique is much broader: even if Hamdan did address the key separation of powers issues, it might still not be of significant jurisprudential importance. Indeed, to underscore the fact that the decision's impact was limited, Congress seemed to restore much of the status quo when it passed the Military Commissions Act of 2006. At bottom, I suggest that in the long run the Hamdan Court's efforts might prove to be futile or in certain circumstances even perverse. Admittedly, my claims here are largely speculative and I might eventually be proven wrong, but I do think there are strong empirical assumptions that support my claims. And while I concede that Hamdan might have somewhat constrained the discretion of the Bush Administration in the current unfavorable political climate, I doubt that it will significantly shape the behavior of future presidents in the context of an international crisis. Let me start with the futility claims. Here, the argument is that the Hamdan decision might not do much to change the long-term political branch dynamics on the war on terror. For Hamdan or any other form of judicial intervention to be a solution to the problem of executive branch overreaching, it should be somewhat compatible with the preferences or motives of the actors it seeks to correct. In other words, if Hamdan is suggesting that the President might be overstepping the bounds of what is legally sanctioned and that Congress would check him from overstepping those bounds, then we have to ask whether Congress would be motivated to do what the Court prescribes. But in this case, it is not clear that either the President or members of Congress have an incentive to want the Court to intervene in these


G PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS (GPCRs) are the largest and most successful targets for pharmacotherapy to date, particularly in the area of cardiovascular disease. These receptors are at the forefront of current drug discovery efforts (7). GPCRs also form the largest family of transmembrane receptors, with nearly 800 GPCR loci (12, 18), of which several hundred are categorized as orphan GPCRs. These orphan receptors have no known endogenous ligand. While it is estimated that 300 or so of these genes are olfactory or chemosensory receptors, 100 or more GPCR orphans remain that may have putative hormonal or neurotransmitter-related functions (3) providing novel targets for disease. Thus, orphans have attracted significant attention in recent years to determine their expression profiles and roles, if any, in physiology and disease. Orphan GPCR research has progressed rapidly in recent years. Originally, researchers used reverse pharmacology by using orphan GPCRs as "hooks" in screening to fish out novel hormone, peptide, and neurotransmitter ligands. This approach has identified novel neuropeptides that regulate feeding, satiety, circadian rhythms, and sleep (3, 17). More recently, large compound libraries have been used to identify chemicals that interact with orphan GPCRs that may have therapeutic potential (4). In all, these efforts have "deorphanized" more than 40 GPCRs, and many of these targets are the focus of ongoing drug development efforts in academia and industry (3, 7).


The paper considers the application of Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) along with power spectral density and coherence to analyze the changes in the human brain activity accessed by electroencephalogram (EEG) parameters while viewing the TV commercials depending on advertisement placement. We found that the character and degree of EEG changes during the perception of emotional stimuli significantly depend on the placement of a particular stimulus.In the study involving 88 subjects watching the advertising videos following the negative TV news plots, the DFA revealed an increase of oscillations non-stationarity in all frequency bands. The instability of EEG dynamical characteristic may point on the global decrease of the informational cognitive component in the brain activity and explain why TV commercials attract less attention.


The paper presents the results of the analysis of the number of trees, construction and structure of natural regeneration layer in beech stands of lower-mountain zone (about 700–1220 MSL) in the Bieszczady National Park (BNP). The research was performed in 1993–2003 on 100 circular sample plots of the statisticalmathematical system of inventory and control of forest resources of the BNP. The obtained results prove, that the beech stands of the Bieszczady belong to the forests that regenerate very well themselves at each stage of their development, which ensures stability and sustainability in the lower mountain zone. Tree species composition of natural regeneration layer is similar to the species structure of the upper layer of the stand, while its characteristic feature is its uneven occurrence, that may be associated with differentiated lights conditions inside stands. The observations display a high variability of features of beech undergrowth, especially in case of increment of tree main stem.


This short note
gives philosophical background for the rationale behind regarding the dark energy of the cosmos as meta energy.


The QCD O(..cap alpha../sup 2//sub s/) corrections to large-p/sub T/ real photon production from scattering in the quark-gluon channel are studied in the soft gluon limit. In this limit we carefully preserve the analytic structure of amplitudes in the small momenta integration regions. The result is a rather large constant correction to the Born term, or K factor, which significantly improves the agreement with data on p/sup +/p ..-->.. ..gamma..+X. The relevance of large corrections in other processes is discussed and the dominant terms of the 0(..cap alpha../sup 2//sub s/) corrections to e/sup +/e/sup -/ ..-->.. 3 jets are reproduced.


Bispecific antibodies (BsAb) that target dual tumor-associated antigens have the advantages of invoking synergistic effects between two signaling pathways, increasing target tissue specificity, and reducing systemic toxicity. By combining the antibody-mediated specific targeting with potent killing from a cytotoxic payload, antibody-drug conjugates (ADC), and especially bispecific ADCs (BsADC), have become powerful therapeutic strategies. EGFR and MET are oncogenic proteins that are co-expressed in a wide range of tumors. Moreover, MET amplification is largely associated with drug resistance of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Biocytogen developed a fully human EGFR x MET BsADC using our proprietary common light chain RenLiteTM mouse platform and knobs-into-holes technology. The BsAb showed enhanced internalization and binding affinity compared to parental monoclonal and monovalent antibodies in the EGFR/MET co-expressing NCI-H1975 cell line. After conjugating the BsAb with monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) via a protease-cleavable linker, the resulting BsADC, YH013, exhibited a remarkable and dose-dependent anti-tumor efficacy in NCI-H1975 and NCI-H292 cell line-derived xenograft models. Moreover, in multiple patient-derived xenografts of NSCLC and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which co-express EGFR and MET, YH013 demonstrated superior and durable efficacy that outperformed benchmark antibodies at a lower dose (3 mg/kg). Collectively, these results suggest that YH013 can be an effective treatment option for EGFR and MET co-expressing tumors and overcome MET-driven EGFR-TKI resistance to improve patient outcomes.
 Citation Format: Yanfei Han, Chengzhang Shang, Zhuon li, Zhenyan Han, Jun Li, Zixu Cui, Gao An, Wanjun Hao, Yujie Liu, Hao Li, Baihong Liu, Ellen Zhang, Qingcong Lin, Yi Yang, Yuelei Shen. YH013, a novel EGFR x MET bispecific antibody-drug conjugate, exhibits potent antitumor efficacy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 2978.


The problem of this study was "How are students perspective of writing descriptive text through content-based instruction (CBI)?". Therefore, the objective of this study was to know the perspective of the students learning writing descriptive texts through content-based instruction. This study applied qualitative method. The population of this study was the tenth grade students of accountant 1 class in the academic year of 2019/2020 with the total of 30 students taken by using purposive sampling. The data were collected by using questionnaire, and were analyzed into interpretation. Based on the interpretation of students perspective of content-based instruction, the students said that content-based instruction could  help them to improve their ability to write descriptive text. Keywords : Perspective, Writing, Descriptive Texts, and Content-Based Instruction.


This paper reviews the experimental and theoretical knowledge concerning pitch-angle diffusion of trapped electrons in the earth's radiation zones. Experimental information bearing on pitch-angle diffusion has been obtained from data on electron flux decay following artificial injection by a nuclear explosion or following natural injection during a period of magnetospheric activity. Useful information has also been obtained by studying the trapped-electron pitch-angle distributions and the precipitation of electrons into the atmosphere at low altitudes. The theory of pitch-angle diffusion based upon the Fokker-Planck equation is discussed, and some simple cases of this theory are worked out. Several different pitch-angle scattering mechanisms that may be important for trapped electrons, such as cyclotron resonance, bounce resonance, and atmospheric Coulomb scattering, are also discussed.


Abstract Previous research has documented conflicting findings regarding the effect of word frequency on spelling in older adults. The current study examines spelling in Hebrew, in which it is easier to define the type of likely misspellings in each word. Younger and older Hebrew speakers spelled 120 single words that differed in word and letter frequency. Results show that all participants made more phonological substitutions of target letters on low-frequency words and on words with low-frequency letters. Yet, younger adults had a lower percentage of correct responses than did older adults, especially on low-frequency words. Vocabulary knowledge eliminated this age effect. We suggest that aging leads to greater reliance on full lexical retrieval of spelling instead of on sublexical phoneme-to-grapheme processing, due to years of exposure to written language, increase in vocabulary, and consolidation of orthographic representations.


Report issued by the U.S. Bureau of Mines on the study of contamination of cores obtained with conventional core barrels. The effect of the oil-based drilling fluid and analysis of the cores are presented. The report includes tables, graphs, and illustrations.


In this paper, an extended version of the model of Lin and Liu (1998) is applied in order to study the cases of small negative freeboard wave overtopping and overflow of seawalls. The model computes a finite difference solution of the incompressible Reynolds equations for the mean flow field and the k - e equations for the turbulent field are obtained on a non-uniform mesh. The free surface locations are presented by the volume of fluid (VOF) data on the mesh. The extended model includes the capability of simulating flows in porous media, which use the resultant spatially averaged equations in order to describe the mean motion of flow, and also uses an internal source function to generate waves. The model performance is being compared against laboratory models and other numerical models. The model reproduces the results of the well-known weir equation very well and is then used to investigate combined discharge because of the overflow and wave overtopping of impermeable seawalls for increasing wave activity for a range of negative level freeboard values. Results for irregular wave attach are presented together with suggested extensions of design formulae.


The terpenoids in cotton contain a unique group of secondary metabolites,which include desoxyhemigossypol(DHG),hemigossypolone(HGQ),hemigossypol(HG),gossypol(G),and heliocides H1,H2,H3 and H4(H1-4).These compounds have been shown to be important in protecting the plant from cotton insects.An HPLC method has been utilized for separating individual terpenoid and quantitating gossypol in cotton leaves.Some influencing factors,such as extracting and pre-treating process,were discussed and a set of simple,rapid method was developed.At the same time,the result of the UV-visible spectrophotometry(aniline method) was described and compared.The results showed that HPLC analysis was more reasonable for the insect-resistance investigation in cotton.


In this paper, we discuss a robot vision in order to perceive people and the environment around a mobile robot. We developed a tele-operated mobile robot with a pan-tilt mechanism composed of a camera and a laser range finder (LRF). In this paper, we propose a method for sensor fusion to extract a human from the measured data by integrating these outputs based on the concept of synthesis. Next, we propose a method of hierarchical neural network based on Growing neural gas to construct a 3D environmental relation. Finally, we show experimental results of the proposed method.


Jānis Streičs is one of the key figures in the Latvian film history. His Soviet period films (13 feature films) are distinguished by a certain visual style, as well as by technique and aesthetics of creating characters, sets and the on-screen world. The 1970s and 80s was a prolific time for the director both in terms of genres and subjects covered in his films. Films of this period serve as evidence to Jānis Streičs' strong authorship, as well as give grounds for further research into aesthetic canons, technical possibilities and visual aesthetics of the Soviet period films.


Reserpine has been described as having a calming or tranquilizing effect on subjects and as exerting its hypotensive and sedative effects through action on the hypothalamus. Plummer 7 stated that probably the most likely region at which reserpine could produce changes in autonomic balance would be "an area of the central nervous system, such as the hypothalamus, where autonomic nervous functions are integrated.... All observed effects of reserpine, including sedation, reduced emotional response, peripheral autonomic alterations, and circulatory changes, are explicable on the basis of an alteration of sympathetic-parasympathetic balance by partial suppression of sympathetic predominance at the hypothalamic level." Adler 1 reported in his study that there is a reduction in hyperactivity, assaultiveness, apprehension, anxiety, and depression. Although he noted that patients varied in response to the drug, there was an obvious decrease in anxiety. Similar improvement was noted by Barsa, 2 who selected patients on the basis of


I. Pedagogical grammars of French treat the subjunctive almost exclusively as a subordinate clause verb form automatically triggered by a long list of predicates (verbs and adjectives) and conjunctions. From the viewpoint of frequency, this of course accounts for the majority of cases. Besides the "automatic" subjunctive, as I shall call it here, however, there is a subjunctive which alternates with the indicative. This alternation can mark meaning contrasts which, I will try to show, are reducible to one and whose variations are predictable from the nature of the predicate or NP of which the subjunctive clause is the complement. In present-day French, the non-automatic subjunctive is being replaced by other forms. I shall try to show that these patterns of replacement, as well as different patterns of translation into English, also differentiate the automatic and non-automatic subjunctives. The automatic subjunctive is redundant, contributing nothing to the interpretation of the sentence. It is also constant under all syntactic conditions. Thus the higher clause can be affirmative, negative, interrogative, or imperative (or any permissible combination of these):


Systems consisting of epoxy resin and phenol-cardanol-formaldehyde (PCF) were prepared. The thermal characterization of the systems, investigated by thermogravimetry analysis, indicated that the increase of PCF content improves the thermal stability. Chemical resistance as well as mechanical properties of their carbon-fiber composites were also determined. The matrix-fiber interfacial study by scanning electron microscopy showed that the higher the PCF amounts in the system products, the better the interfacial bonding. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Abstract In which social worlds does gender homophily operate more strongly – offline or online? To address this question, the following two aspects must be considered. First, people currently use many types of online communication media. Second, to examine the homophily effects exclusively, it is necessary to control for other network formation mechanisms such as 'foci' and 'triadic closure.' For this study, I conducted a mixed-method research in a high school in rural Japan. I asked students about who they interacted with face-to-face (F2F), through instant messenger (IM), and social networking services (SNS) and then analyzed the social networks using exponential random graph models (ERGMs). Subsequently, I conducted semi-structured interviews to uncover the practices and social contexts of each communication media and explain the results of the quantitative analysis. The results showed that SNS was more gender heterogeneous than offline. In the IM network, a small gender homophily effect was initially observed. However, three months later, its strength decreased to almost the same as that in the SNS networks. From the qualitative research, some key mechanisms producing the difference in gender homophily are specified, such as precedence of F2F communication to IM interaction, independence of SNS communication from F2F, recommending functions, and hobby homophily. Overall, this study implies that considering offline or online alone may cause misunderstanding regarding homophily in organizations because the observed strength of homophily effects depends on whether the space is examined offline or online, what kind of media is examined, and when the online social network data are collected.


Data availability insurance is a critical notion when it comes to flight test activities. Consequently data recorders have made their way to range ground stations for many years with success. Today, this kind of recording is done at IF level, after various signal processing are applied by the telemetry receiver. This paper describes a new approach in the name of direct RF recording, in L, S or C band.


Aims:  Studies in the recent decade have shown that brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may play an important role in the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD). Tissue‐type plasminogen activator (tPA) has been implicated in the control of the direction of BDNF action. The aim of the study was therefore to investigate the changes of BDNF/tPA levels and their clinical meanings in geriatric depression.


Organic molecules self-assembled into high-ordered meso-structured architectures have attracted increasing attention because they provide a rich source for scientific research and technological applications. We first report the conductive oriented silica meso-structure film synthesized by ferrocenyl surfactant templating using a spin-coating method. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the film shows that the phase is lamellar. The electronic conductivity properties of the film are also observed.


24th EM Induction Workshop, Helsingør, Denmark, August 12-19, 2018 1 / 4 Deep electrical structure of Chuxiong Basin in southwest of China Lianmu Chen1,2 and Wenbao Hu1,2 1 Key Laboratory of Exploration Technologies for Oil and Gas Resources of MOE, Yangtze University, Wuhan, Hubei 430100, China 2 Hubei Cooperative Innovation Center of Unconventional Oil and Gas, Wuhan, Hubei 430100, China


COVID-19 is a global public health problem that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). It is also extremely contagious with rapidly increasing death rates. In this paper, we propose an optimal control model with SIRS (Susceptible–Infected–Recovered- Susceptible) kinetics to examine the effects of several intervention measures (e.g., vaccination and treatment) under the limited medical resources scenarios. This model is also employed to investigate the possibility of reinfection because of the fading of immunity problem. As a case study, the modeling framework is parametrised using COVID-19 daily confirmed and recovered cases in Malaysia. The parameters have been approximated by relying on the model's best fit to actual data published by the Malaysian Ministry of Health (MOH). Our numerical simulation results show that the inclusion of optimal control components with vaccination and treatment strategies would dramatically reduce the number of active cases even in the presence of reinfection forces. Regardless of the relative weightage (or costs) of vaccination and treatment, as well as the possibility of reinfection, it is critical to plan effective COVID-19 control measures by vaccinating as many people as possible (and as early as possible). Overall, these insights help explore the importance of intervention measures and the allocation of medical resources to control the severity of this pandemic.


Liquid SiCNO precursor was prepared by a solvo-thermal route with ammonium carbanate,methyl vinyl dichlorosilane and vinyl triclorosilicane as raw materials.The amorphous SiCNO was then obtained through the pyrolysis of the liquid precursor around 1100℃.FT-IR analysis indicated that there are isocyanate groups in the precursor.The amorphous SiCNO has favorable thermal stability without any decompositiontill 1500℃.However,at temperature above 1600℃ Si2 N2 O andβ-SiC crystalline phases start to precipitate out of the amorphous matrix.


Rapid progress in exploiting X-ray science has fueled its potential application in communication networks as a carrier wave for transmitting information through a plasma sheath during spacecraft reentry into earth's atmosphere. In this study, we addressed the physical transmission process of X-rays in the reentry plasma sheath and near-earth space theoretically. The interactions between the X-rays and reentry plasma sheath were investigated through the theoretical Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin method, and the Monte Carlo simulation was employed to explore the transmission properties of X-rays in the near-earth space. The simulation results indicated that X-ray transmission was not influenced by the reentry plasma sheath compared with regular RF signals, and adopting various X-ray energies according to different spacecraft reentry altitudes is imperative when using X-ray uplink communication especially in the near-earth space. Additionally, the performance of the X-ray communication system was evaluated by app...


A compact, laser diode (LD) pumped all solid-state acousto-optically Q-switched intracavity frequency-doubled 473 nm laser has been developed. The repetition rate is up to 100 kHz. A 5-mm-long NdYAG crystal was used as laser medium and a 10-mm-long type- non-critical phase matching (NCPM) LiB_3O_5 (LBO) crystal was used as frequency doubler. The contour size of the laser is 11 cm6 cm3 cm. 64.8 mW average power of 473-nm stable output at repetition rate of 20 kHz was generated with a 2-W LD as pump source, corresponding to a total optical-optical conversion efficiency of 3.2%. Under 1-kHz repetition rate, stable output has been obtained, with pulse width of 23 ns, peak power of near 700 W and pulse energy of 16 μJ. A formula of energy storage in three-level system is deduced, which is different from the previous results in which the upper state lifetime is taken as the energy storage time. This deduction is proved by analysis of the experiment result.


Mosquitoes are highly dependent on their olfactory system for, e.g. host location and identification of nectar‐feeding and oviposition sites. Odours are detected by olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) housed in hair‐shaped structures, sensilla, on the antennae and maxillary palps. In order to unravel the function of the olfactory system in the yellow fever vector, Aedes aegypti, we performed single‐sensillum recordings from trichoid sensilla on female antennae. These sensilla are divided into four distinct morphological types. Based on the response to a set of 16 odour compounds, we identified 18 different ORN types, housed in 10 sensillum types. The ORNs responded to behaviourally relevant olfactory cues, such as oviposition attractants and sweat‐borne compounds, including 4‐methylcyclohexanol and indole, respectively. Two ORNs housed in these sensilla, as well as two ORNs housed in an additional sensillum type, did not respond to any of the compounds tested. The ORNs housed in individual sensilla exhibited stereotypical pairing and displayed differences in signalling mode (excitatory and inhibitory) as well as in temporal response patterns. In addition to physiological characterization, we performed anterograde neurobiotin stainings of functionally identified ORNs in order to define the functional map among olfactory glomeruli in the primary olfactory centre, the antennal lobe. The targeted glomeruli were compared with an established 3D map. Our data showed that the ORN types sent their axons to defined antennal lobe glomeruli in a stereotypic pattern.


It has often been asserted that technology neutrality is the proper approach to ICT regulation, but those making this assertion use the concept in a number of divergent senses. This article analyses those different meanings and asks whether technology neutrality really is as desirable as motherhood and apple pie, and whether it does in fact achieve the goals desired by legislators. DOI: 10.2966/scrip.040307.263 © Chris Reed 2007. This work is licensed through SCRIPT-ed Open Licence (SOL). * Professor of Electronic Commerce Law, Centre for Commercial Law Studies, Queen Mary University of London. (2007) 4:3 SCRIPT-ed 264 1. Motherhood and apple pie Technology neutrality has long been held up as a guiding principle for the proper regulation of technology, particularly the information and communications technologies. The liberalisation of the telecommunications market, first in the US and then in Europe, led to calls for the new regulatory regimes to be technology neutral 1 , and technology neutrality has continued to be a pervasive concept in that field, influencing among others the debates on convergence with broadcasting 2 , voice over IP 3 , universal service 4 , spectrum allocation 5 and net neutrality. 6 Rather than continuing those debates, this article examines how technology neutrality has been used in regulating the wider field of computing technology and online services. In this respect, the key factor in persuading legislators that technology neutrality should be adopted more widely was the advent of the internet for general public use. 7 In July 1997 the US Government published its Framework for Global Electronic Commerce, which stated: "rules should be technology-neutral (i.e., the rules should neither require nor assume a particular technology) and forward looking (i.e., the rules should not hinder the use or development of technologies in the future)". 8 The following year the term was used in EU legislative proposals for the first time 9 and has been adopted in relation to most EU technology legislation ever 1 The earliest discoverable use of the term describes the aims of the US Electronic Communications Privacy Act 1986 – see John R Kresse, "Privacy of Conversations Over Cordless and Cellular Telephones: Federal protection under the Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986", (1987) 9 Geo Mason UL Rev 335. See also Nicholas W Allard & Theresa Lauerhass, "Debalkanize the Telecommunications Marketplace", (1991-2) Cal WL Rev 231 for an early use of the term. 2 See e.g. Herbert Ungerer, "Access Issues Under EU Regulation and Anti-Trust Law: the case of telecommunications and internet markets" (2000) 5 International Journal of Communications Law and Policy http://www.ijclp.org/; Niloufer Selvadurai, "The Regulation Of The Information Society In The European Union" (2004) 10(6) CTLR 130. 3 See e.g. Shaun P. Montana, "An Approach to the International Regulatory Issues of IP Telephony" (2002) 8 BUJ Sci & Tech L 682, 704; James B. Speta, "Deregulating Telecommunications in Internet Time" (2004) 61 Wash & Lee L Rev 1063. 4 See e.g. Allen S. Hammond IV, "Universal Service: Problems, Solutions, and Responsive Policies" (2005) 57 Fed Comm L. 187; Thomas Roukens, "What Are We Carrying Across the EU These Days? Comments on the Interpretation and Practical Implementation of Article 31 of the Universal Service Directive" (2006) 15-SPG Media Law & Policy 201. 5 See e.g. Patrick S. Ryan, "Wireless Communications and Computing at a Crossroads: new paradigms and their impact on theories governing the public's right to spectrum access" (2005) 3 J Telecomm & High Tech L 239. 6 See e.g. Richard E. Wiley, "A New Telecom Act – Remarks" (2006) 31 S Ill U LJ 17. 7 Conventionally dated to the founding of the World Wide Web Consortium in September 1994. 8 1 July 1997 . 9 Opinion of the Economic and Social Committee on the "Proposal for a Council Recommendation concerning the protection of minors and human dignity in audiovisual and information services", OJ C 214 10 July 1998 p. 25 para. 3.2.5: "Regulation should be 'technology-neutral': as few as possible new regulations, policies and procedures should be specific to the new services."; Recitals to the Proposal for a European Parliament and Council Directive on the taking up, the pursuit and the prudential supervision of the business of electronic money institutions, COM (1998) 0461 final, OJ C317, 15 October 1998 p. 7: "... this Directive introduces a technology-neutral legal framework that harmonises (2007) 4:3 SCRIPT-ed 265 since. 10 Technology neutrality has also been espoused extensively by national legislators and international organisations. 11 The desirability of technology neutral regulation has become part of the general wisdom, and is rarely questioned. 12 Alarmingly, this consensus among legislators seems to have developed in an almost complete absence of any clear understanding what the term "technology neutrality" might actually mean. It was only in 2006 that Professor Bert-Jaap Koops published his masterly essay on the subject 13 , the first proper analysis of the use of the concept outside the telecommunications sector. Although there are numerous references to the desirability of technology neutrality in earlier writings 14 , these do no more than attempt a brief definition of that concept without seeking to explore its deeper meaning and implications. Koops examines technology neutrality as a starting point for legislators, and asks (and answers) three questions 15 : • Why might a legislator take the principle of technology neutrality as a starting point when legislating? • How might that legislator use the principle in formulating legislation? • In what circumstances would it be appropriate for a legislator to take the principle as a starting point? the prudential supervision of electronic money institutions to the extent necessary for ensuring their sound and prudent operation and their financial integrity in particular". 10 See e.g. Amended proposal for a European Parliament and Council Directive on a common framework for electronic signatures, COM (99) 195 final; Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning the processing of personal data and the protection of privacy in the electronic communications sector, COM (2000) 0385 final, OJ C 365 E, 19 December 2000 p. 223; Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions Electronic Communications: the Road to the Knowledge Economy, COM (2003) 65 final; Proposal for a Decision of the European Parliament and of the Council on establishing a multiannual Community programme on promoting safer use of the Internet and new online technologies, COM (2004) 91 final. 11 Bert-Jaap Koops, "Should ICT Regulation be Technology-Neutral" in Bert-Jaap Koops, Miriam Lips, Corien Prins & Maurice Schellekens, Starting Points for ICT Regulation: deconstructing prevalent policy one-liners (The Hague: TMC Asser Press 2006) p. 77, 77-9. 12 There is, of course, a small number of dissenting voices, which are examined more closely in part 3. 13 Koops, op cit note 11. 14 See e.g. Erik S Knutsen, "Techno-Neutrality of Freedom of Expression in New Media Beyond the Internet: solutions for the United States and Canada" (2001) 8 UCLA Ent L Rev 87, 95 ff; Joanna Gray, "Draft Secondary Legislation on Financial Promotion: A Technology-Neutral Investment Marketing Regime" (2001) 22 Comp Law 150; Tapio Puurunen, "The Judicial Jurisdiction of States Over International Business-to-Consumer Electronic Commerce from the Perspective of Legal Certainty" (2002) 8 U.C. Davis J Int'l L & Pol'y 133, 174; Richard W Downing, "Shoring Up the Weakest Link: What Lawmakers Around The World Need to Consider in Developing Comprehensive Laws to Combat Cybercrime" (2005) 43 Colum J Transnat'l L 705; Laura Hildner, "Defusing the Threat of RFID: Protecting Consumer Privacy Through Technology-Specific Legislation at the State Level" (2006) 41 Harv CR-CL L Rev 133; Chad A Kirby, "Defining Abusive Software to Protect Computer Users from the Threat of Spyware" (2006) 10 Computer L Rev & Tech J 287, 303 ff. 15 This description grossly over-simplifies Koops' detailed and complex analysis, and readers are exhorted to read his essay for themselves. (2007) 4:3 SCRIPT-ed 266 The answers to these questions demonstrate that technology neutrality is a more complex concept than previous commentators have realised, and that different aspects of the concept need to be addressed for different legislative purposes. The aim of this article is to extend Koops' work in two respects. First, it sets out a simplified classification of the different meanings of technology neutrality, with the aim that legislators and regulators should understand more precisely what their espousal of the principle might be likely to achieve. Second, it attempts to analyse whether the general wisdom, that technology neutrality is unquestioningly as good a thing as motherhood and apple pie, is correct. 2. Types of technology neutrality The first discoverable extension of this term from telecommunications regulation to the wider field of ICT regulation appears to be in the US Government's Framework for Global Electronic Commerce, quoted above. Here, technology neutrality is used to mean that "the rules should neither require nor assume a particular technology". Only a few days later, the Bonn Ministerial Conference Declaration of 6-8 July 1997 used the term in a different way, declaring in its principle 22: "Ministers stress that the general legal frameworks should be applied on-line as they are off-line. In view of the speed at which new technologies are developing, they will strive to frame regulations which are technology-neutral, whilst bearing in mind the need to avoid unnecessary regulation." 16 From these statements it is possible to deduce two main elements of technology


matter before us hangs very much upon our estin:ttion of the forces concerned in respiration. In order to illustrat,: the current views respecting the mechanism of respiration, I have taken these diagrams (Fig. i) fioun onre of our best and most mod(lern text-lookls of ph)siology. They are copied from Funlkec, but they also represent the e-sential fcatures shown in Dond(lers's well-known schema, with the additioi that here a small piece of Indiarubber (6) is inserted to rei)rcscnt thlle elasticity of the cicst-walls.


. Inordertoimproveournavy'sprofessionalEnglishliteracy,andfurther safeguard our overseas interests, this paper takes advantage of the convenience and speed of mobile platform, adopts C/S structure, and uses Java language and SSH framework of J2ee to develop a naval professional English translation auxiliary teaching system under the background of highly popular Android system research and development. Experiments show that the system can effectively guarantee the teaching quality and improve the information English communication ability of naval officers and soldiers.


Assessment and retrofit of 3 parking structures in accordance with the ASCE 41 standard is discussed in this paper. All were built between the mid 70-s and early 90s, and are of cast-in-place reinforced concrete construction. Together with configurational anomalies, columns that are not part of the seismic force resisting system, and are not detailed for deformation compatibility, generally limit the performance of these structures. During design Supplement 1 to ASCE 41 was developed and published, and adopted on the project. Changes to the column modeling and acceptance criteria affected design decisions, and early adoption of the provisions provided a more economical design meeting the requested performance objectives. Foundation flexibility effects are included in the analysis to better predict displacement demands, and confidently assess the acceptability of the performance.


The negative tendencies coming in policy and economy of the world integration prescribe the necessity to join the domestic agrarian sciences with oil seed production and processing enterprises in order to create qualitatively new integrated structures. At the same time objective vector of development of these unions must be directed for realization of innovative and investment elements. In current time, the largest vertically integrated association of representatives in oil-and-fatty sphere is "Oil-and-fatty union of Russia". However, the wide range of task, the union deals with, rests mostly the interests of oil processing factories, enterprises and agrotraders in realization of sales on the domestic and foreign markets. Herewith, the problems of a governmental support and regulations in seeds rotation, as well as development of oil seed market in oil-and-fatty subcomplex of the country continue unsolved. In connection therewith it is rational to form product clusters under a separate region or economic territory which assume objective regulation by federal and regional governments apart from the commercial components. Such kind of integration of participants of oil sector in region is an optimal way of increasing of its competitive ability, decreasing of impact of the negative facts in specific sections of system-important blocks and intensification of available advantages. The primary objective indicators combining economic interest of potential participants of the cluster are: to create conditions for seed production from foundation to certified accounting agricultural and technical requirements and space isolation; to organize a stable seed market; to introduce innovative technologies for realization of a biological potential of oil crops varieties and hybrids; to lower deficit of seeds stocks on the leading oil-extracting plants of the region; to conduct the unitary marketing policy. The key factor of increasing of effective and stable evolution of this integrated union is development and realization of organizing and economic mechanism of cooperation between blocks of cluster system and optimization of their works under mutual profitable collaboration.


A literature review of published articles were done to set a description of the historical background of health reforms in Latin America and to provide a brief description of the process of decentralization in countries such as Colombia, Brazil, Chile, Mexico and Costa Rica in order to illustrate different tendencies in the transformations of the health systems in the region. This literature review demonstrated the increasing need of more systematic studies in this area. Although decentralization in theory may be a powerful mechanism to promote equity in health, it may be insufficient or prejudicial in the context of unclear policy intended to promote equity by the state. Moreover, the role of other concomitant phenomena like privatization and shortage of state funding of health must also be discussed. However, the evidence regarding the results of decentralization in LAC is still contradictory and ambiguous. It is not clear that its achievements could reach its intentions of improved equity in health in the region.


My commitment to securing appropriate redress for violations of women's rights is rooted in many decades of social justice and human rights activism in my home country of South Africa. I was engage...


11 To study the effect of the composition on the physico-chemical properties of mixed Cu-Mn-Co 12 oxides as SOFC interconnects coating materials, different compounds have been obtained through a 13 High Energy Ball Milling (HEBM) process. The mechanochemical treatment produces highly 14 activated multi-phase powders that easily react at intermediate temperature to form the equilibrium 15 products. Thermogravimetric, dilatometric and in-situ high temperature analyses allowed to show 16 that Copper addition promotes cubic spinel stability at low temperature and enhances sintering 17 behaviour. 18 Dilatometric and conductivity analysis carried out on sintered pellets allowed to obtain simple 19 relations between the materials properties and the composition. Coefficient of Thermal Expansion 20 (CTE) and electrical conductivity are increased by Copper doping and high Co:Mn ratios. These 21 findings suggest that the materials characteristics can be opportunely tuned through appropriate 22 composition design, to simultaneously obtain enhanced sintering behaviour, high electrical 23 conductivity and CTE adapted to match the substrate.


1. Fossils and Evolution. 2. The Value and Meaning of Fossils. 3. Early Life. 4. Bodies of a Single Cell: Protoctista. 5. Porifera and Other Pore Bearers. 6. The Cnidaria. 7. Bryozoa. 8. Brachiopoda. 9. Mollusca. 10. Anthropoda. 11. Echinodermata. 12. Graptolites and Other Hemichordates. 13. Conodonts.


On the basis of Goldberg's (1995) Construction Grammar (CxG) and Östman's (2005) Construction Discourse perspectives, and by incorporating the theories of genre, register and cohesion from Systemic Functional Grammar, this research attempts to set up a construction grammar framework for discourse analysis, namely the discourse construction grammar (dcg) model. With dcg, we see a discourse first as an overarching abstract discourse construction, which consists of and integrates a number of ever smaller schematic constructions. Moreover, in order to account for the nexion of clauses into sentences and sentences into cross-sentential discourse chunks from a dcg perspective, this paper also resorts to clause conjunct construction and inter-sentential conjunction construction conceptions. Alongside establishing our dcg model, we have analyzed a trendy microblog templatic parody as well as a piece of dialogic instant messaging to exemplify our multi-layered and multi-faceted construction treatment of a piece of discourse.


Patients with ocular masses are rarely diagnosed in the emergency department (ED). Appropriate diagnosis and ophthalmologic follow up is necessary to delay complications. However, in the ED, the fundoscopic examination can be limited. Ocular ultrasound has been shown to be a feasible and readily accessible way to diagnose ocular disorders in the ED. We report a case of a 39-year-old female who presented to the ED with headache, neurological complaints, and vision changes. A bedside ocular ultrasound was performed in the ED which showed a large intra-ocular mass. Our patient received urgent ophthalmologic consultation and was admitted for further work-up revealing an ocular melanoma. Ocular malignant melanomas have a high mortality rate, especially with delay in diagnosis and metastasis. This case demonstrates that bedside ultrasound is a fast and reliable investigation modality to diagnose ocular masses. (Hong Kong j.emerg.med. 2014;21: 48-50)


Abstract Under seismic loading, marine soil experiences horizontal shearing in two directions with different shear directions and amplitudes. It is therefore of considerable practical relevance to study the deformation behavior of marine cement soil under bidirectional shear loading. In this study, a series of cyclic simple shear tests were carried out to investigate the undrained deformation behavior of marine cement soil. The cyclic strain, stiffness softening, and cyclic strength were found to be significantly related to the phase difference and cement content. Cyclic shear strain accumulation increases as the number of cycles increases, and the emergence of inflection on the shear strain curve can be considered a suitable failure criterion for cement soil. The turning strain decreases as the cement content increases, and the phase difference decreases. With a decrease in cement content and an increase in phase difference, the rate of cyclic degradation and development of shear strain significantly increased. It was observed that the cyclic strength of cement soil increases with the cement content and decreases as the phase difference decreases.


Few widely effective sources of resistance to powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis (DC.) E. O. Speer f. sp. tritici Em. Marchal, have been identified in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and the identity of resistance genes in many cultivars is unknown. Ten winter wheat lines selected from the 1982 International Winter Wheat Mildew and Rust Nurseries were studied to characterize gene number and mode of inheritance of resistance to powdery mildew. Each of the lines were crossed to the susceptible cultivar Chancellor. Seedlings of the parental lines, F 1 , F 2 , BC 1 (Chancellor×F 1 ), and F 3 populations were inoculated with isolate 127 of B. graminis in the greenhouse and evaluated for powdery mildew reaction. All parents were resistant, except for ST1-25, which had an intermediate reaction type. Genetic analyses revealed that resistance in C39 and SI5 is conferred by three dominant genes, and resistance in A55-2, R107, GO4779, OK75R3645, and Bulk PV63-6 is governed by single partially dominant genes. Data from F 2 , F 3 , and BC 1 populations, derived from crosses between «Armada» and Chancellor, were inconsistent but indicated that Armada has at least one dominant gene for resistance, which likely is Pm4b as previously postulated. Resistance in VPM1 and ST1-25 is governed by one recessive gene in each line. Three to 11 different resistance genes are represented among the 10 parents


Objective:To investigate the hemogram affection of laparoscopy and laparotomy in gynecological.Methods:The levels of white blood cell(WBC),neutrophil percentage(GR),hemoglobin(Hb),platelets(Pt) of 210 patients in our hospital from January to December in 2008 were compared between laparoscopy and laparotomy preoperative and postoperative.Results:The levels of WBC,Hb,GR,Pt of patient with laparoscopy were no significant differences before and after the laparoscopy(P0.05);the level of WBC,GR of patients with laparotomy before and after operation were significant difference(P0.05,P0.01);the levels of Hb was no significant difference on laparotomy preoperative and postoperative(P0.05);the levels of Hb was significant difference on abdominal hysterectomy and abdominal hysteromyomectomy preoperative and postoperative(P0.05),but the level of Pt was no significant difference(P0.05).Conclusion:Laparoscopy is a minimally invasive surgery and does not affect the hemogram.


The European chemical industry business research association, better known by the acronym ECMRA, adopted the theme "Survival of the Fittest" for its annual meeting late last month in Madrid, reinforcing a message recurring throughout the European industry this year. To wit: matters aren't particularly good, and without decisive action by the industry, they won't get much better for several years. Advice that surfaced time and again was the need for companies to focus, focus, focus. But on what, and on whom? Indeed, many at the conference thought that "market research," as well, must get a better focus, putting more emphasis on the industry's customers. One attempt to accomplish this was done by breaking the conference into two groups on one day, with one looking at end-use markets and the other at basic chemicals. Others at the meeting said they feel a growing pressure, with their top managers complaining that they get poor market research information, ...


A system is described for the automatic analysis of a document image into atomic fragments (e.g. word images) that can be reconstructed or "reflowed" onto a display device of arbitrary size, depth, and aspect ratio. The main intent is to allow scans and other page-image documents to be viewed effectively on a limited-resolution hand-held computing device, without any errors and losses due to OCR and retypesetting. The methods of image analysis and representation are described.


Field water infiltration rates of clay and heavy clay textured inceptisols were determined at Baixio de Irece, State of Bahia, Brazil, in July 1990, to evaluate water movement in these soils. The infiltration rates were determined using the double ring infiltrometer method and a nested experimental design. The results revealed very high infiltration rates in all the soils studied. No statistical differences were observed between clay and heavy clay textured soils. The infiltration capacities, measured on initially dry soils, had a mean value of 287 mm h -1 . Initial moisture content was considered to be an important source of variability of infiltration rates. The Philip, Kostiakov and Soil Conservation Service equations fit the data similarly.


Purpose
A systematic and repeatable process – Isolate and SEAL – can enable strategists to identify such potentially game-changing operational actions that will support significant business model innovations.

Design/methodology/approach
The end-to-end Isolate and SEAL process can be demonstrated using a historical review of the emergent strategy that produced the highly successful business model of Southwest Airlines.

Findings
Instead of trying to decide "what to do" to create an operational advantage, businesses attempting to innovate should first identify the core objective that operationalizes the winning profit logic.

Practical implications
Southwest fortuitously discovered its innovative profit logic when … Kelleher' had to exhort his team to figure out how to deliver a four-plane schedule with three planes.

Originality/value
The potenrially game-changing two-step process: 10; Step 1 – Isolate: split the value chain's elements into its component parts. 10; Step 2 – SEAL: Reconstruct the value chain using the four actions that effectively deliver the core objectives (Shift in space and time, Eliminate, Alter/Add, Leverage). 10;


Sauropods were the largest animals ever to walk the earth, and evolved several specializations in their limbs in order to support their body mass. Their legs became columnar and their manual digits became reduced and encapsulated in tissue to form a single weight-bearing unit in the derived sauropods. A new three-dimensionally preserved cast of a sauropod manus, found in the Upper Jurassic Lourinha Formation, Portugal, demonstrates not only the shape, but also the actual movements of the sauropod manus during the stride. The manus cast is 32 cm deep, and show the manus to be hoof-shaped and lacking any impressions of individual digits, except for digit I, the pollex. Well preserved striations from skin on the sides of the cast show that the manus was covered in rough, tubercular skin. The width of the manus cast is consistent from top to bottom, demonstrating that the manus was brought down and lifted vertically before any parasaggital movement of the upper limb took place. ka u p ia | D ar m st ad te r B ei tr ag e zu r N at u rg es ch ic h te | H ef t 14 | 4 7 –5 2 | D ar m st ad t, 1 8 .J u li 2 0 0 5 |


Thecold-rolling and recrystallization behavior of solidified columnar crystals in a 19"/• Cr ferritic stainless steel has been investigated. As the rolling reduction increased, the recrystallization rate increased and the recrystallized grain size decreased. However, the (OOI) 1O] initially-oriented columnar grains were hard to reerystallize without regard to rolling reduction so that the recrystallization structure was very inhomogeneous grain size even in a heavily-rolled (90"/• rolled) specimen. The recrystallization rate of 70010 rolled specimens increased as the annealing temperature increased. In particular, at the temperatures where oarbides did not precipitate the recrystallization rapidly completed and a coarse-grained structure formed in a short time annealing because of rapid grain growth. As a result, in the Fe-190/0 Cr ferritic columnar crystals a favorable recrystallization structure with fine and uniform grain size cannot be obtained simply by increasing rolling reduction or by controlling annea]ing temperature.


This paper attempts to discuss the Buddhistic cultural meaning of the poetry of Li Yu, latest king of Nan Tang, with the focus on three themes: the feeling of vanity, the experience of grief,and the Buddhist state of chilly loneliness. It is argued in this paper that the vanity and grief represented in LI Yu's poetry is, on one hand, his real experience of life and a faithful reflection of his later life, and, on the other hand, the result of influence from Buddhist "vanity" and "grief". And the creation of the Buddhistic state of chilly loneliness is not only and indication of his sublime artistic interest but also is closely related to Buddhist aesthetics.


In accordance with the request of last week, the authors have made a review of the basis for the proposed water plant and pile modifications for the DR and H piles. The engineering review was made and comments are attached. As a result of this review, the author is submitting the following comments: (1) An average power level slightly above that obtainable from the proposed modification may be obtained by the substitution of enlarged pigtails. This latter modification could be accomplished for about 1/3 the capital cost and will permit operation with a header pressure approximately 100 psi lower, thus reducing power consumption. (2) The shutdown period required for installation of the ball third system may allow sufficient time for both the installation of enlarged pigtails and water plant modifications. (3) It is their understanding that the enlarged fitting were not included within the scope because cost, time, and corrosion limitations would not allow power increases. Shutdown schedules were based on the assumption that only one crossheader could be removed at one time. They do not believe this is realistic. (4) In general, they feel that a sound basis has not been demonstrated for the course of action proposed. Thismore » should certainly be done before the work proceeds.« less


Synopsis We introduce the notion of a double MS-algebra (L, 0, +) as an MS-algebra (L, 0) whose dual isan MS-algebra (Ld, +), with certain linking conditions concerning the operations x↦x0 and x↦x+. We determine necessary and sufficient conditions whereby an MS-algebra can be made into a double MS-algebra and show that this, when possible, can be done in one and only one way. We also consider the notion of a bistable subvariety of MS-algebras, namely a subvariety R with the property that, for every double MS-algebra (L, 0, +), whenever L, 0 ↦ R, we have (Ld,+)↦ R. Finally, we determine those subvarieties R of MS that are dense (in the sense that every MS-algebra L ↦ R can be made into a double MS-algebra), and those that are sparse (in the sense that if L ↦ R can be made into a double MS-algebra then it belongs to a proper subclass of R).


We point out that the mixed-event method for two-particle acceptance correction, widely used in particle correlation measurements at RHIC and LHC, is wrong in cases where the single particle pseudorapidity distribution is significantly nonuniform. The correct acceptance should be the convolution of two single-particle efficiency$\times$acceptance functions. The error of the mixed-event method, which guarantees a uniform $\Delta\eta$ two-particle combinatorial density, is, however, small in correlation analyses where the two particles are integrated over an extended pseudorapidity $\eta$ range. With one particle fixed in $\eta$ and the right acceptance correction, the background-subtracted correlated pair density may reveal not only a short-range but also a long-range $\Delta\eta$ dependence. This has important physics implication, and may provide crucial information to disentangle physics mechanisms for the recently observed long-range ridge correlation in asymmetric proton-lead collisions at the LHC.


By age 60, half of all men are affected by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), an incidence rate that increases to 9 out of 10 among those men who live another 25 years.1 Many men with BPH will experience bothersome lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) that adversely affect their quality of life. It is this complex of irritative and obstructive symptoms that often prompt men to seek treatment.

The available treatment options include medical, minimally invasive, and surgical therapies. Although many men do well on medical therapy, some may experience side effects or loss of efficacy; others may object to the cost of the medications or to the prospect of a lifetime commitment to taking pills. Such patients will want alternatives to medical therapy. Transurethral resection of the prostate is considered to be the gold standard therapy for BPH; it is, however, associated with a high incidence of sexual side effects, especially retrograde ejaculation. Minimally invasive procedures, including transurethral microwave thermotherapy, transurethral needle ablation, water-induced thermotherapy, and interstitial laser coagulation (ILC), are technologies that have demonstrated promising results and may be done in an office setting under local anesthesia—a real benefit for those patients who may not be good surgical candidates or who may not be able to tolerate general anesthesia. This supplement is intended to provide an update to the urologist on the use of ILC for the treatment of BPH.

In his overview of BPH, Claus Roehrborn, MD, asserts that the deceptively simple description of BPH belies the actual complexities inherent in the relationships among BPH, LUTS, benign prostatic enlargement, and bladder outlet obstruction and that successfully treating them requires a solid understanding of their definitions. He also observes that, although the etiology of BPH and LUTS is still poorly understood, the hormonal hypothesis contains many factors arguing in its favor. From among a plethora of treatment options available, he describes the minimally invasive treatment options as superior to medical treatments in the intermediate and long term, especially when considering such factors as symptom and flow-rate improvement. He also indicates that tissue-ablative surgical treatment can be superior to both minimally invasive and medical therapies.

Muta M. Issa, MD, describing the evolution of laser therapy in the treatment of BPH, notes 2 basic principles based on the final tissue effect—vaporization and coagulation. In the former, higher-density laser thermal energy is used, and the effects range from complete tissue vaporization to incision, resection, or enucleation of the obstructing prostatic tissue. The latter, ILC, requires relatively lower therapeutic temperatures, and the urethral preservation and lack of tissue vaporization or resection distinguishes it from conventional transurethral free-beam laser prostatectomy. Dr. Issa describes the Indigo® Optima Laser treatment system (Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc., Cincinnati, OH) as the most widely used system for ILC, which, unlike other BPH laser therapies, can be satisfactorily performed using local anesthesia in the office setting. Noting that favorable outcomes with minimal adverse events are seen in a large portion of patients, Dr. Issa cautions that such results depend on proper surgical technique and operator experience.

The emergence of minimally invasive therapies for the management of symptoms of BPH and the reality of a changing medico-economic environment have prompted Kalish R. Kedia, MD, to describe the need for a reliable local anesthesia protocol. The one for prostate anesthetic block is described as a safe, economical, and effective way to perform ILC and other minor endoscopic procedures in the office setting. Dr. Kedia believes urologists should not only be aware of these techniques but should become comfortable with them, given that most patients who undergo an in-office procedure with local or regional anesthesia experience little discomfort and recover quickly, allowing a prompt resumption of normal activities.

Finally, my article describes the preliminary results of a multicenter study on the efficacy and safety of ILC versus α-blockade in subjects with symptomatic BPH. I note that significant efforts have been made to develop minimally invasive approaches to treatment, both to lessen the morbidity of the standard operative procedures and to avoid a need for lifelong drug therapy. I describe the minimally invasive procedure of ILC, which can be performed under local, regional, or general anesthesia, as an operator-dependent procedure that allows the surgeon to control selectively the placement of the laser fiber to achieve optimum destruction of tissue. In presenting 6-month preliminary data from the randomized trial of α-blockade versus ILC, I report that the latter is associated with a clinically significant decrease in American Urological Association symptom scores—a result superior to α-blockers.


This study tests the "earnings management hypothesis" in the context of seasoned equity offerings. We examine a sample of 206 French companies that issued stock between 1991 and 2003. We find that issuers with specific plans to use proceeds for investment purposes experience poor earnings performance in the post-offering period, but issuers stating recapitalization display no subsequent underperformance. Our results further suggest that performancematched discretionary accruals recorded immediately after SEOs for issuers with specific investments are positive and that those accruals precipitate a decline in post-SEO earnings performance.


A method for visualizing audio data, wherein audio data (16) generated by an audio device (2) and / or reproduced, said audio data (16) in multiple distinguishable tracks, preferably tracks or channels to be reproduced, wherein a track a , is associated with particular audio characteristic, preferably an instrument, are generated for each audio characteristic, at least one image characteristic is applied, which is in each case called up for the visualization of these audio characteristic and this in real-time image data (12) with an image device (3) and / or reproduced, wherein the pre-image data (12) can be animated graphics and / or sequences which are altered by means of audio pulses in real time in their presentation and / or generated and accessed automatically, semi-automatically or manually.


but for 'international recognition.' In short, notes English, 'identity' was not the source, but rather the effect, of foreign policy. The full import of English's contribution does not become clear until one sees that 'international recognition' is pursued not first and foremost because it represents a kind of 'soft power' that can be used to promote Canadian interests on the world stage, but because it serves a vital domestic function. The value of the land mines initiative was not its contributions to eradicating a despicable kind of weapon, not even its contribution to the image of Canada abroad as a disinterested promoter of human security, but rather its popularity with Canadians. As such, English's argument is very much compatible with recent efforts to analyze Canadian foreign policy through a Gramscian focus on the construction and maintenance of 'hegemony' an orientation lamentably unrepresented in this collection.' Finally, it is worth noting that the hoary notion of 'middle power' makes its appearance in all three books, though its treatment varies in sophistication. In Holman's discussion of NORAD, it is dropped in rather abruptly in chapter 3 and used simply to classify Canada as an 'aspiring middle power, with limited resources and limited interests.' The concepts fairs better in Haglund, who presents a considerably more differentiated judgment of its utility and significance, particularly as he sees it as derivative of the North Atlantic Triangle. Finally, middle power appears regularly throughoutthe chapters of Worthwhile Initiatives? used critically at some points, descriptively at others. An archeology of the term and its conceptualization would no doubt provide an interesting entry-point for a more extensive analysis of the three books in question. MARK NEUFELD Trent University


A positional observation has been carried out for 4 years (1998~2001) by way of onthespot measurement in the runoff field. The results show that there are significant differences of systematic soil erosion in the course of runoff generated by rainwater among landscapes with different vegetation. The loss of water shows the following order: crop sectionevergreen bush section and conifer sectionevergreen orchard sectiondegeneration section and restoration section. The differences of the direct runoff of rainwater among different landscapes of hillside fields provide basis and controllability for the utilization of rainwater on hillside fields and for using hillside fields to collect rainwater to support farmland irrigation. Soil erosion is greatly affected by artificial interference and farming intensity .The amount of soil erosion in hillside field system increases 20 times from natural protection to crop cultivation. Soil erosion of tea and fruit forest is 2~3 times lower than that of crop cultivation, but 6~12 times higher than that of natural use and natural protection. Nutrient loss both in quantity and quality depends on landscape constitution. It suggested that we should use the rainwater collecting superiority on hillside fields to construct agroforest ecosystems on hillside fields suitable to water cycling equilibrium in unit ecosystem and to maintain water equilibrium in ecosystems by ecological construction of water equilibrium.


Citation: Radin D, Wahbeh H, Michel L and Delorme A (2020) Commentary: False-Positive Effect in the Radin Double-Slit Experiment on Observer Consciousness as Determined With the Advanced Meta-Experimental Protocol. Front. Psychol. 11:726. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00726 Commentary: False-Positive Effect in the Radin Double-Slit Experiment on Observer Consciousness as Determined With the Advanced Meta-Experimental Protocol


of Paper read on 16th January, 1950 Philosophy is knowledge gained by the analysis of knowledge, or by the re-synthesis of the products of such analysis. Knowledge is derived by two processes, perception of externality, and introspection. Facts are products of perceptions stored in the memory, and may be either public or private. Public facts are scientific, legal or historic. Historic facts depend upon memories of people already dead. Legal facts depend upon the memories of the living. Scientific facts have both these characteristics and in addition are demonstrable at will to any intelligent audience. Facts, in general, have a scientific, a legal and a historic aspect. Scientific facts are physical, chemical or biological. The facts of biology are about living things. Physics is concerned with the properties common to all things, chemistry with the way in which properties change from thing to thing. Private facts are those which are known for certain only by the individual. My belief that other people's minds contain private facts is based on analogy with my own private facts and on my belief in behaviouristic psychology. Private facts have a cognitive, an affective and a conative aspect. All facts are products of experience and, being the basis of our actions, are built into some sort of philosophic system by each of us. This process of building may be called creation in the same sense as the word is used of art. Facts, once stored in the memory, are systematised by ideas (concepts) supplied by the mind itself. Of supreme importance among these concepts are hypotheses. By means of these, both public and private facts become logical deductions from hypotheses. Hypotheses are scientific, fantastic, ethical or abortive. Scientific (and perhaps the other) hypotheses may be quantitative, qualitative, or spatial. Deductions from qualitative or spatial hypotheses are made by logic; from quantitative ones by mathematics. Fantastic hypotheses are the basis of works of art and imagination. Ethical hypotheses are formulated in all religions and political creeds. Abortive hypotheses are those about which there is no consensus of intelligent opinion. There is a circle in mental development from facts to hypotheses and back to facts, but hypotheses are far less numerous than facts and they therefore lessen the burden on the memory. The metrical side of mathematics is a product of counting, which is the conscious repetition of successive acts of attention, and is therefore psychological. Whatever the nature of the hypotheses induced by scientists to form a single coherent system of externality, it is a vain hope to think that any such system will stand the test of time, for sensuous entities cannot give accurate information about the super sensuous, and most hypotheses are statements of relations between supersensuous entities based on analogy with sensuous ones. Science in the synoptic sense is not a static picture of the universe. It is merely an attempt to write a grammar of the universe. Analogy is the life blood of induction and without induction neither the world's favourite scientific theories nor its religious or political creeds would have been thought of. Confusion as to the nature of induction has arisen because of the failure to distinguish between public and private facts and the consequent reluctance of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950563600001792 Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 22.214.171.124, on 22 Jan 2019 at 23:20:35, subject to the Cambridge Core terms Philosophy of Science Group. Supplement No. 3 99 to admit the tentative nature of scientific hypotheses. Sciences should be taught inductively, i.e., with reference to the history of the mental processes and environments of its founders. Most hypotheses are private in origin but democratic in acceptance. The category of truth or falsity does not apply to hypotheses. I t is therefore a fallacy to assume that all propositions must either be true or be false. In respect of truth and falsity there are (at least) the following classes of propositions. 1. Propositions about empirical public facts. A further appeal to experience can demonstrate the truth of these. 2. Propositions about historic facts whose truth is decided by the consensus of historical opinion. 3. Propositions about legal facts whose truth is decided by a court of law. 4. Propositions about private facts. As to the truth of these the individual is the sole judge. 5. Hypothetical propositions. These are all based on analogy and are therefore neither true nor untrue. They are either more or less convenient for the purpose in hand. Mathematical and geometric propositions belong here too, for metrical mathematics judges usefulness by the mutual consistency of statements made within a given conventional system, while geometric propositions are based on axioms and postulates the reliability of which is finally tested by experience. Quantum Theory and Logic B Y D E . M. D. H. STRAUSS ABSTRACT of Paper read on 20th February, 1950of Paper read on 20th February, 1950 The continued discussion about the so-called logical problems of quantum theory (QT) [cf., e.g., Reichenbach's book, recent issues of Dialectica and Philosophy of Science] is due to the absence of a recognized physical axiomatics to which these problems could be referred for settlement. The failure of various attempts to re-construct QT on the basis of simple physical postulates is a sign that a complete understanding of QT has not yet been achieved, or else that something entirely new is involved in such a reconstruction. The reconstruction of the basic features of mathematical QT, carried out in 1936 by Dr. Strauss, § is based on what may be described as a translation of Bohr's conception of complementarity into the language of logical syntax where it gives rise to a new " logic " characterized by restricted sentential conneetability. The main contentions of Dr. Strauss' lecture were (i) that this complementarity logic is absolutely essential in any rational reconstruction of QT, and (ii) that it accounts for the most general features of our experience in the field of quantum physics in exactly the same sense in which nonEuclidean geometry accounts for the basic feature of gravitation, i.e. the equivalence of gravitation and acceleration, or in which the Lorentz-transformation acdounts for the basic fact in kinematics, viz., the existence of a finite limiting velocity. The " most general feature of quantum physical experience " may be extracted either from an analysis of QT itself or from that of typical quantum phenomena. It consists (i) in the statistical character of all well-defined predictions, and (ii) in the relationship of general complementarity which holds between the results of any two actual measurements or observations (other than those of a constant quantity), and which may be stated thus : the results § Zur Begruendung der StatUtischen Transformationstheorie der Quantenphysik, Ber, Berl. Akad., phys,-matb. Kl., Vol. XXVII (1936), of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950563600001792 Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 18.104.22.168, on 22 Jan 2019 at 23:20:35, subject to the Cambridge Core terms


The anti-microbial and security of kumquat flavones was studied. The antibacterial experiment in vitro showed that the crude extracts of flavones at the different concentration had inhibitory effect on Staphyloclccus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Excherichia coli,Aspergillus niger,Penicillium sp and Mucor racemosus. The inhibiting order of the crude extracts of kumquat flavones was S. aureusB. subtilisE. coliM. racemosus. The minimum inhibition concentrations(MIC) were 0.63, 1.25, 1.25,2.50 mg/mL respectively. The half inhibiting time (IT50) was given as below: 4.65, 5.70, 6.74, 9.71 h.


ith 1988 software and services sales of approximately $20 billion, IBM is by far the largest software company in the world. IBM's dominance in software is actually greater than in hardware. Large, competing independent software vendors hke Cullinet Software, Inc., Westwood, Mass., and Oracle Corp., Belmont, Calif., have sales of a few hundred million dollars per annum. Computer Associates International, Inc., Garden City, N.Y., the largest independent, has an annual revenue of about $1 billion. IBM needs to do well in software because software sales drive the sales of hardware, and the profit margins and growth prospects for software are greater than the hardware business Based on current projections, it seems likely that IBM's attention to its software businesses is only likely to increase (see nble 1). Systems Application Architecture (SAA) plays the central role in IBM's 1990s software strateges. The SAA


Currently, there is a growing interest in applications where human-computer interaction be performed by speech recognition. However, some devices such as smartphones and domestic appliances have limited resources for storage and processing. This limitation hinders the implementation of speech recognition systems in this type of device. In this work mathematical simplifications and programming strategies have been implemented in two typical stages of a speech recognition system: pre-emphasis, frame blocking and windowing. The goal was to analyze the impact of this implementation on the performance and computational cost of stages above. Given the adaptations made in this work, the runtime of pre-emphasis was reduced to 1/5 of the original and the frame blocking and windowing one to 1/10.


Max Weber's studies of the religions of China, India, and ancient Palestine and of the "Protestant ethic" were oriented toward illuminating their "economic ethics" – the ways, in other words, in which their doctrines did or did not conduce to birthing "modern rational capitalism," as Weber identified the new economic order. Defining the explanandum in these terms was testimony to Weber's preoccupation with questions raised about the modern world by Karl Marx; it is not too much to say that most of Weber's scholarly efforts were in some sense a response to Marx's historical materialism. But recent economic history has cast considerable doubt on the persuasiveness of Weber's arguments about the importance of Protestantism in facilitating Western dominance of the world. Yet Weber's preoccupation with "economic ethics" and their consequences -- understandable given his intellectual situation -- may have distracted us from a more solid, more defensible core of his writings on religion. Against this background, we may need to re-think fundamentally our "reception" of Weber's oeuvre, de-emphasizing his analysis of the causes of the rise of capitalism and focusing instead on the tools with which he has supplied us for the purpose of social analysis generally. Here the debate on the Axial Age helps clarify Weber's understanding of social analysis as against that of his heirs who defend the Axial Age thesis, which posits a kind of uniformity in the responses of several of the cultures of the ancient world to comparable problems of human development. In contrast, Weber was more inclined to stress the differences between these religious traditions and the consequences of those differences for social and economic order in the places where they took hold.


This paper studies cointegration in non-linear error correction models characterized by discontinuous and regime-dependent error correction and variance specifications. In addition the models allow for autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (ARCH) type specifications of the variance. The regime process is assumed to depend on the lagged disequilibrium, as measured by the norm of linear stable or cointegrating relations. The main contributions of the paper are: i) conditions ensuring geometric ergodicity and nite second order moment of linear long run equilibrium relations and differenced observations, ii) a representation theorem similar to Granger's representations theorem and a functional central limit theorem for the common trends, iii) to establish that the usual reduced rank regression estimator of the cointegrating vector is consistent even in this highly extended model, and iv) asymptotic normality of the parameters for xed cointegration vector and regime parameters. Finally, an application of the model to US term structure data illustrates the empirical relevance of the model.


Dynamic resource allocation presents a key issue in passive optical networks (PONs) for efficient and fair utilization of system resources in order to ensure leveled quality-of-service (QoS) requirements. This paper investigates the problem of power and bandwidth allocation for the maximization of the worst weighted capacity/rate in frequency-based PONs. By deriving a convex optimization problem, we propose an optimization algorithm which gives an upper bound of the weighted capacity and maintains the fairness related to users' capacity requirements. In addition, the theoretical analysis is applied to practical scenarios by taking the discrete nature of modulation techniques into account. An allocation strategy in terms of discrete optimization is presented to improve user weighted transmission rate. Numerical results validate the convergence and the performance of the proposed resource allocation strategy, which is consistent with the analytical results.


This study investigated the influences of the addition of lactic acid bacteria inoculants and an enzyme during the crush processing of com silage on the nutritive value, nutrient intake and aerobic deterioration. The fermentation quality of the silages showed that although all of the silages were of good quality, the V-score of U was 91.0 points and significantly lower than those of other silages (P<0.01). On the chemical composition of silages, the crude protein concentration of U was 7.1%DM and significantly lower than those of other silages (P<0.05). On the digestibility, the nutritive value and nutrient intake did not significantly differ among the silages examined. After silo opening, a rapid rise in heat was seen from the 6th after opening for 11C38 and SLA, and from the 9th in U and SL, respectively.


Primary objectives of this project were: (1) to complete the development and construction of a high-speed x-ray cinematographic system for use in biomechanics research, (2) to determine its operational characteristics in application, and (3) to phase the system into on-going biomechancis research programs at the Highway Safety Research Institute. This system consists of a high-speed 16-mm motion picture camera which views a 2-inch diameter output phosphor of a high-gain four-stage, magnetically focused image intensifier tube, gated on and off synchronously with shutter pulses from the motion picture camera. A lens optically couples the input photocathode of the image intensifier tube to x-ray images produced on a fluorescent screen by a smoothed direct-current x-ray generator. The system is adaptable to a variety of experimental configurations because fluorescent screen size and type can be reliatively easily and inexpensively changed. High-speed x-ray cineradiographs at 1000 frames per second have been obtained of biological and non-biological materials during impact events. Image quality in terms of contrast and resolution has been found to be strongly dependent on judicious introduction of contrast media and targeting material in specimens under investigation. The primary objectives of this project have been successfully accomplished. /HSRI/


【Objective】 To explore the relationship between expression of platelet glycoprotein,vWF and microangiopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.【Methods】 According to the results of urine albumin excretion rate,ophthalmoscope examination and nerve conduction velocity test,nephropathy,retinopathy and neuropathy were defined respectively.The level of platelet glycoprotein was detected by flow cytometry in 131 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 130 normal controls.The plasma vWF was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Platelet glycoprotein and other factors related to diabetes microvascular complications were analyzed by multiple stepwise logistic regressive analysis.【Results】 The positive percent of platelet CD62p,CD63,and MnX of CD41,CD61 in type 2 diabetes mellitus were and respectively,which was significantly higher than those in normal controls respectively.The positive percent of platelet CD62p,CD63,and MnX of CD41,CD61 in patients with microangiopathy were significantly higher than those in patients without microangiopathy.The positive percent of platelet CD42b in type 2 diabetes mellitus was significantly lower than those in normal controls.The plasma level of vWF in type 2 diabetes mellitus increased significantly in comparison controls.There was a positive correlation between CD62p,CD63,CD61 and plasma vWF(r=0.466 5、0.455 6 and 0.381 4 respectively,P 0.05.The plasma level of vWF in patients with microangiopathy were significantly higher than those in patients without microangiopathy P 0.05.【Conclusion】 These results suggest that the platelet glycoprotein may participate microangiopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.


This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of exploitable zoning in the neighborhood of Boa Viagem, city of Recife/ PE. For this, the information present in the three editions of the Hydrogeological Study of the Metropolitan Region of Recife, known as HIDROREC I, II and III, was used as subsidy, as well as the database of groundwater allocation, provided by APAC. From the analyses performed, an improvement in the level of the Cabo aquifer was obtained in Zone A of Boa Viagem, which may be related to compliance with Resolution CRH no. 04/2003. It can also be concluded that this resolution was being complied with in zone B. Thus, the importance of the exploitable zoning map is highlighted as an important tool for promoting groundwater management and conservation.


Direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) process was applied for brine solution recovery. The energy consumption of the process was evaluated as varying feed temperature and cross flow velocity (CFV). The evaporation efficiency and energy consumption were also studied. The experiments was carried out using a hollow fiber PVDF membrane with pore size of 0.1 μm and NaCl 3.5 %wt as feed solution. The operating feed temperature and CFV were in range of 40 °C-70 °C and 0.14-0.42 m/s (laminar and transition flow region), respectively. The temperature and CFV of permeate were fixed at 20 °C and 1.97 m/s respectively. It was found that the flux rate was in function with the temperature, CFV and temperature polarization coefficient (TPC). The best result in terms of energy consumption and evaporation efficiency were obtained at CFV and temperature of 0.28 m/s and 70 °C about 188.6 W and 41.1 %, respectively.


A manual to provide a means by which a user may apply the snowmelt runoff model (SRM) unaided is presented. Model structure, conditions of application, and data requirements, including remote sensing, are described. Guidance is given for determining various model variables and parameters. Possible sources of error are discussed and conversion of snowmelt runoff model (SRM) from the simulation mode to the operational forecasting mode is explained. A computer program is presented for running SRM is easily adaptable to most systems used by water resources agencies.


The present invention relates to a means of transport, especially vehicles (1) operating method, wherein the motor vehicle having a first (2) and the second motor (3). A first motor (2) of an internal combustion engine, the second motor (3) is (1) without using the vehicle driving motor to work the combustion gases. Determining at least one vehicle may be (1) characterization parameters may be reverse. The vehicle may also be measured at least one parameter has been determined (1) whether to reverse. If the measured vehicle (1) is to reverse, the first motor is automatically turned off (2).


The third part of the critical edition of Jan Kochanowski's corpus in Latin, published by Zofia Głombiowska in 2013, contains an editorial commentary. This volume is the last part of a large and impressive work which was necessary for the academic knowledge of Polish Renaissance literature.


Integration within public institutions is useful in better aligning the IT with the core processes, but also helps the various parts of the business work with each other better, enabling important business strategies like straight-through processing, improved public service through singe-view-of-customer portals, business activity monitoring and higher data quality. Portals and SOA can help this integration occur. In time, portals have evolved to meet the integration needs of companies. Even though not taken very seriously, they have slowly become leaders in turning new principles into practical experiences. In the beginning, portals focused on aggregating, organizing, and indexing unstructured data, but modern portals now do much more. A portal is a point of integration, useful to the organization by integrating internal business processes and by offering information to the outside world. The increased adoption of business process management (BPM) and Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) initiatives are both driving portal usage.


Loach powder is prepared with live loach and through fishiness removing and crushing and it has a size of 20-100 meshes. Capable of being stored for a long period and with all nutrious components of loach maintained, loach powder is one kind of ideal nutrious health food.