The main method of treatment of patients with metastatic GIST is targeted therapy using tyrosine kinase inhibitors in contrast to localized forms of the disease. The efficiency and the duration of targeted therapy efficiency are the main prognostic factors in patients with metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). Targeted therapy was ineffective among patients with the median survival of only 12-19 months, whereas in cases of effective targeted therapy the median survival was incomparably higher - 60-72 months. The main prognostic factors in patients with primary localized gastrointestinal stromal tumors are: the size of the primary tumor, mitotic index, the localization of tumors, mutation status and morphological characteristics of GIST. Taking into consideration that the main method of treatment in patients with disseminated GIST is drug therapy, the predictive values of several mentioned factors have lost the value, but other factors such as mutation status, morphological characteristics, the number and size of tumors and the localization of metastatic nodes have become more important.


The world's advanced deepwater drilling and completion devices are divided into mooring and dynamic positioning. The industry recommended practice is mooring locating for water depth less than 1 500 m, while the adaptability and risk of dynamic positioning in shallow waters are little studied. This paper describes the principle and drift limitations of dynamic positioning, including the theoretical limitations and the measures to avoid risks. It also suggests on how to set the observation scope and proposes the factors, operational risks and countermeasures to be considered in using dynamic positioning for operations in shallow waters. In addition to the environmental factors and those that affect the emergence release time of deepwater drilling device, the extreme limits of riser system, strength of subsea well head and structural casing, communication system, and positioning sensor system also need to be considered. The countermeasures include well head device selection, riser system analysis, staff communication and training, user and contractor agreement, etc. The research results can provide some guidance on the use of locating method in shallow waters.


Hydro- and steam-distilled volatile oils from the leaves and flowers of Lantana camara L. were analysed by a combination of GC and GC–MS. Forty-four components in the hydrodistilled oil and 25 components in the steam-distilled oil were identified. The main constituents characterized were sabinene (16.5% and 7.3%), β-caryophyllene (14.0% and 22.5%), 1,8-cineole (10.0% and 6.0%), bicyclogermacrene (8.1% and 18.4%) and α-humulene (6.0% and 10.8%) in the hydro- and steam-distilled oils, respectively. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The invention relates to an integral casting construction process of a dry quenching furnace, comprising the following steps: casting dry quenching furnace cooling sections, outer part of chute bracket front side, two side walls and the bottom of a boiler inlet and a bifurcation chute of a primary dust remover, integrally casting by adopting automatically-flowing casting materials, baking the dryquenching furnace for 65-84 hours at the temperature of no higher than 600 DEG C after finishing casting. Under the condition of not damaging the prior structural conditions of the dry quenching furnace, the invention thoroughly solves the problem that the work amount is large in the prior bricking inlayed repairing scheme, ensures favorable integrity of laid bricks, saves time and material, and has low cost and long service life.


This paper documents the results of a combined experimental and numerical s tudy on t h e dynamic properties of shock waves in over-expanded rocket nozzles. The t rend towards larger area ratio nozzle extensions for main-stage propulsion systems implies t h e need t o investigate and veri* rocket nozzle concepts with incipient o r small free shock separation pat terns close t o t h e nozzle exit. Since such separated flow structures are not necessarily stable with respect t o t h e location and axi-symmetry of the separation line, large side loads can develop. The unsteady numerical results show t h a t there is significant potential for coupling of t h e internal flow in t h e nozzle with a n unsteady external environment described by a fixed amplitude pressure variation about a constant mean value. The first pa r t of the paper investigates t h e properties of t h e separation shock in over-expanded nozzles for inviscid flow in conical nozzles. It is shown t h a t shocks exhibit characteristics of linear oscillators so t h a t a mass, spring stiffness and consequently eigenfrequency can be assigned. T h e second par t of t h e paper discusses results for realistic nozzle conflgurations and quantifies the effects of excitation close t o resonance. Finally, these results will be extended t o include flow structure coupling effects on t h e shock dynamics for a rigid body motion of t h e nozzle.


Functionally interlinking datasets is essential for knowledge discovery. The 'Bring Your Own Data' workshop (BYOD) has proven an excellent tool for the adoption of techniques to achieve this. It provides a mechanism for data owners who would like to add value to their data by preparing them for data integration and computational analysis, but are unfamiliar with basic techniques to make data Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable for humans and computers (FAIR). Using linked data and associated technologies, data owners, domain experts, and linked data experts collaborate to make owner's data linkable and explore possibilities to answer questions across multiple data sources. Momentarily, BYODs play a critical role in establishing a robust and sustainable infrastructure of linkable data sources where the responsibility for FAIR data stewardship starts at the source. We present the organisational roadmap of the three-day workshop and the latest insights into making BYODs more productive, including standard objectives to produce FAIR data, refine guidelines, and discover knowledge. Previous BYODs, such as with the Human Protein Atlas, plant breeding data, and data from rare disease registries and biobanks, have shaped the roadmap. Although every BYOD is uniquely tailored, they contain at least a preparatory phase with at least two webinars for data owners and domain experts, an execution phase for the BYOD itself, and a follow-up phase to foster the results of the BYOD by telephone conferences with participants. A BYOD is also a learning experience that helps domain experts to endorse the approach in their domain. Acknowledgments We thank all domain experts, linked data experts and (co-)organizers who contributed to previous Bring Your Own Data workshops. The work leading to this paper is supported by grants from RD-Connect (FP7/2007–2013, grant agreement No. 305,444), Elixir infrastructure for life science data, Elixir-Excelerate (H2020-INFRADEV-1-2015-1), ODEX4all (21002-NWO-ODEX 650.002.002), FAIR-dICT (LSHMf5O42) and BBMRI-NL2 (NWO National Roadmap for Large-Scale Research Facilities).


Micro-electromechanical systems, or MEMS, and nanotechnology have been billed as "The Next Big Thing" by many industry analysts. Technology companies and government laboratories have been pouring billions of dollars into research and development into the design and manufacturing processes which allow tiny mechanical devices such as sensors for temperature, pressure, and vibration, valves, actuators, micro mirrors, gyroscopes, and other micro-scale mechanical devices to be embedded into semiconductor chips. Commercial applications for MEMS range from automotive where MEMS sensors are used for pressure and acceleration measurement or airbag deployment, to optical telecommunications RF switches, to construction where building materials sense changes in mechanical stresses and medical applications where MEMS are used in micron-sized blood pressure sensors, disposable angioplasty devices which monitor pressure in balloon catheters, kidney dialysis pressure sensors or airflow sensors in respiratory equipment. But is the price tag too high for MEMS development and manufacturing, which has been estimated by Vertical Market Research at $3.3 billion US R&D dollars by 2007, and will the payback be too little too late?


Many methods for ground-based remote sensing cloud detection learn representation features using the encoder-decoder structure. However, they only consider the information from single scale, which leads to incomplete feature extraction. In this paper, we propose a novel deep network named Dual Pyramid Network (DPNet) for ground-based remote sensing cloud detection, which possesses an encoder-decoder structure with Dual Pyramid Pooling Module (DPPM). Specifically, we process the feature maps of different scales in the encoder through dual pyramid pooling. Then, we fuse the outputs of the dual pyramid pooling in the same pyramid level using the attention fusion. Furthermore, we propose the Encoder-Decoder Constraint (EDC) to relieve information loss in the process of encoding and decoding. It constrains the values and the gradients of probability maps from the encoder and the decoder to be consistent. Since the number of cloud images in the publicly available databases for ground-based remote sensing cloud detection is limited, we release the TJNU Large-scale Cloud Detection Database (TLCDD) which is the largest database in this field. We conduct a series of experiments on TLCDD, and the experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.


By analyzing the landscape patterns of farmland use in different towns of Wenxi county,we can draw the following conclusions: The landscape structure of farmland in different towns of Wenxi county is affected not only by the every town geographical position,but also by the terrain and geomorphology and other natural conditions.Located in the middle of Wenxi county,such towns as Tongcheng,Dongzhen,Guojiazhuang,Liyuanzhen,are with an advantageous geographical disposition,convenient transposition,plain terrain,low sea level and widespread hills.In addition to these advantages,these towns have advantageous factors including inclined plains in front of hills and river valley alluvial plain.These terrain and geomorphology result in a larger number of patches and higher landscape diversity index.The landscape shapes for farmland use in respective towns are directly affected by geographical disposition.The more distance the town has to Nantongpu railway,the more the low fractal dimension is,vice versa.


In secret image sharing (SIS) scheme, a confidential image is encrypted into multiple shadows, any group of shadows that reaches the threshold, otherwise nothing can be reconstructed at all. Most existing SIS schemes have a fixed threshold, however in this work, we consider more complicated cases that the threshold may be adjusted due to the changeable security environment. In this paper, we construct a $(k\leftrightarrow h,n)$ threshold changeable SIS (TCSIS) scheme using bivariate polynomial, which has $h-k+1$ possible thresholds $k,k+1,...,h$. During image reconstruction, each participant can update the his shadow according to the current threshold $T$ only based on his initial shadow. Comparing with previous TCSIS schemes, the proposed scheme achieves unconditional security, and can overcome the information disclosure problem caused by homomorphism.


N THE autumn of 1941 Gerard Darrow, one of the Quiz Kids, entered Grade V of the Bradwell School, a Chicago public school which has gained national fame through Gerard's mention of it over the radio. Life magazine, in a biographical sketch, reports: "Gerard is by no means a universal oracle. He does not shine in arithmetic, spelling, or penmanship-all mechanical drill subjects which bore him."' In fact, the same article reveals that he even went so far as to invent a short-


A dilemma occasionally faced at the diagnostic stage is the challenge of distinguishing melanoma from look-alike Spitz nevi. … Spitz nevi are known to be benign —but their presence poses a problem because of their potential for leading to misdiagnoses.


A holographic encryption method known as enhanced single random phase encryption is presented. The proposed method is resistant towards various forms of plaintext attacks, and capable of encoding both image and data with high fidelity.


AbstractThe mass and flow fields from June 2006 to May 2009 in the Calypso Deep (bottom depth ~5.2 km) are investigated using eddy-resolving surface-to-bottom hydrography (station grid spacing ~0.2°) and two tall moorings yielding current-meter records at depths from 700 m to near bottom. A salty warm lens (excess core salinity and temperature are ~0.01 and 0.025°C relative to the surrounding water) of Cretan Deep Water with a core at ~3000 m and a horizontal (vertical) scale of ~50 km (1.5 km) is identified in June 2006 to be locked over the trough. The lens coincides with local maxima in dissolved oxygen. In October 2006 the salinity content of the lens and of all deeper layers is increased; the oxygen maxima are shifted to the bottom layers, indicating an episodic intrusion of higher-density ventilated Adriatic water. The circulation changes from anticyclonic at all depths in June 2006 to cyclonic below ~2.5 km in October 2006, whereas after January 2007 it is cyclonic at all instrumented depths. The m...


SYNOPSIS Many old spillway gate systems are approaching the limit of operating life in their present form. The majority were designed and constructed robust, with little or no redundancy, and incorporate many single point and common cause failures. Design deficiencies, age and degradation present a reliability risk to the dam system and the downstream population. The paper sets out the requirements for safety and reliability, how these can be attained and to what extent, recognising the wide variations in installation design and condition. The degree of reliability obtained as a result of upgrade and refurbishment must be consistent with that required by the dam consequence category.


Familial Amiloidotic Polineuropathy (FAP) is a neurodegenerative disease related with systemic deposition of amyloidal fiber mainly on peripheral nervous system, clinically translated by an autonomous sensitive-motor neuropathy with severe functional limitations in some cases. The unique treatment for FAP disease is a liver transplant with a very aggressive medication to muscle metabolism and force production(1).


Yao nationality,residing in southern China,is a nationality with long history and brilliant culture.The article,by observing the village regulations and non-governmental agreements of Yao people living in Liuxiang Town,Jinxiu Yao Autonomous County,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,finds out that the village regulations and non-governmental agreements are greatly affected by the indigenous customary law of Yao nationality.The main contents of them obviously reflect the indigenous customary law of Yao nationality,and the latter plays important role in modern Yao territories in the form of village regulations and non-governmental agreements.


ABSTRACT A mineralogical study of an exposure of buff loess overlying gray loess near St. Charles, Missouri, indicates that the buff loess was produced by the weathering and oxidation of the gray loess, and that the difference in color is due chiefly to the greater amount of iron oxide and iron rich beidellite in the buff than in the gray loess. A comparison of this loess deposit with the profile of weathering described by Leighton and MacClintock as developed on the till deposits of Illinois indicates that this exposure of loess is an example of a youthful profile of weathering developed on loess.


Air pollution is the result of natural processes and intense urban development. The undesired emission of volatile substances causes environmental threats such as acid rains, aggravated greenhouse effect or the ozone depletion. Moreover, the pollution released into the air is harmful to the human respiratory system, eyes and skin. This paper presents the body of analyses conducted in Poznań between 2015–2017 on the changes in the local emission concentration of PM10 and PM2.5. The data concerning the emission of suspended particulates were provided by the meteorological station on Polanka St. in Poznań. The research included a correlation analysis. The results point to a steady decrease in the amount of produced particulates. It was also noted that the emissions of PM10 and PM2.5 change seasonally, with the highest levels in the autumn and winter. Furthermore, the amount of emitted suspended particulates is correlated with the temperature; hence, it is supposed that the main source of air pollution in Poznań involves low-efficiency heaters and boilers.


1. INTRODUCTION Gac (Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng L.) belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae is an indigenous Vietnamese fruit-bearing plant. Its fruit flesh contains 1 - 3 mm thick, red, soft, and sticky aril, which covers black seeds and makes up about 25% of the fruit weight [1]. Gac aril has an oil content of about 38% - 40% (as related to absolute dry matter). This oil is a rich source of beta-caroten and lycopen, containing 128 mg%, and 170 mg% of each, respectively. The alpha-tocopherol content in the pulp was found to be 76.3 mg/g [2]. Because of its valuable constituents as mentioned above, Gac fruit oil is studied and used to create functional food and pharmaceutical products. A 30-day controlled supplementation trial carried out in Vietnam found that daily consumption of ''xoi gac'', a traditional Vietnamese sticky rice dish containing Gac aril, significantly improved plasma levels of retinol, alpha-caroten, beta-caroten, and lycopen in pre-school children [3]. Researchers also investigated the potential of Gac fruit to prevent and treat cancers and vitamin A deficiency, where by juice extracted from dried Gac was found to reduce the tumour weights in mice by 23.6% [4]. The content of lycopen in Gac pulp as reported by this study (408 mg/g) is much higher than that usually found in tomatoes (about 25 mg/g) [5]. Currently, Gac aril oil production is mainly carried out by traditional mechanical expression with a screw press, but  this method gives low yield and quality (especially in regard to the content of beta-caroten and lycopen). This paper describes a new method to obtain Gac aril oil with high extraction yield and oil quality.


Immigrants who came to Europe in recent decades (work immigrants and/or refugees) grapple with intersectional identities, such as religion, nationality and gender, yet current political research addresses these issues only in part. To address these omissions, I conducted a content analysis of all parliamentary questions Muslim representatives raised in their parliamentary activities in three Western countries. I also investigated whether the representatives' invisibility pertains only to their descriptive representation or whether it affects their substantive representation by analyzing five research hypotheses for differences in the content of the parliamentary questions. I found that male and female Muslim representatives ask parliamentary questions about Muslim men and women. In addition, I developed an Intersectional Representation Index to measure and demonstrate the complexities Muslim representatives face in Western countries. The index shows that such representatives have several identities, some of which have become invisible, as previous studies indicated.


Abstract : The first section of this report attempts to characterize the field of automatic programming through a general model describing the stages and processing required. The second discusses a particular project as a specialization of the general model. The final section focuses on the problem of imprecise specifications and how they can be understood.


Propargylglycine, vinylglycine, and cysteine each cause irreversible in-activations of cystathionine -synthase (and, in parallel, of O-phosphoho-moserine sulfhydrylase) activities in crude extracts of Lemna paucicostwa. Inactivation by propargylglycine or vinylglycine is completely prevented by 40 millimolar 0-phospho- or O-succinyl-L-homoserine; that by cysteine is only partially prevented. Propargylglycine (PAG), the most potent ofthese inhibitors, causes rapid and drastic inactivation of both activities in intact Lemna. Studies of plants growing in steady states in the presence of various concentrations (0-150 nanomolar) of PAG showed that 16% of control activity is necessary and sufficient to maintain normal rates of growth and methionine biosynthesis, and that 10% of control activity is essential for viability. Addition of either 2 micromolar methionine or 31 micromolar cystine to growth medium containing 150 nanomolar PAG permits growth at 75 to 100% of control rates when enzyme activity is less than 10% of control. Whereas methionine presumably rescues by directly providing the missing metabolite, cystine may rescue by enhancing substrate accumulation and thereby promoting flux through residual cystathionine ysynthase. The results indicate that the down-regulation of cystathionine rysynthase to 15% of control which occurs when plants are grown in 2 micromolar methionine (Thompson, Datko,


A bottom door plate in railway wagon shaped by undulate forming was studied in which Dynaform software was applied to carry out simulation analysis on the forming process of the part and then a die was designed based on the simulation results.Through regulating the height of part rib,the structure was optimized and the fracture and necking problem was solved.


In the title compound, C4H12N+·H2PO3 −, the components are linked by intermolecular N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, resulting in a two-dimensional framework.


This article explores the Georgian interior as represented in conversation piece portraits. It discusses the relationship between real and depicted rooms and furnishings and considers the meanings and values conveyed by painted interiors. The article begins by examining the relatively bare settings of Arthur Devis, which emphasized restrained good taste, in contrast to William Hogarth's more lavish scenes of refined consumption. It then discusses the implications of Devis's reuse of the same interiors for different patrons. Such settings were not intended to represent specific spaces. Rather, like the interiors of Hogarth's modern moral subject paintings, they were to be understood as signifiers of abstract virtues—their generic quality enhancing their legibility. Moving on to the 1760s, the article considers Johan Zoffany's revitalization of the conversation piece, combining lavish description of things with a new sense of intimacy and affect. In contrast to Devis, Zoffany notably depicted rooms and objects owned by his patrons, albeit combined in invented ways and with fictive possessions in order to strengthen their iconographic power. The article ends by speculating about some of the reasons for this distinction, including the social status of their patrons, the changing nature of the art world and developments in the luxury debate.


A strawberry hybrid picking robot was developed, to solve the existing problem of the land utilization rate decreased by tracked vehicle used to walking mechanism on strawberry picking robot and series mechanism is lower repeatability and stability, which based on RGB visual recognition and Kinect sensor positioning technology and using Delta parallel mechanism as work platform, through the design of the mechanical structure of the hybrid picking robot and the hardware structure of the control system, and research on the picking process of strawberry hybrid picking robot and the method of obtaining space coordinate of strawberry, the designed strawberry hybrid picking robot not occupy the planting space of strawberry and improve the efficiency and accuracy of strawberry picking are demonstrated.


One hundred and twenty-four patients (70 men and 54 women) who were treated for hypertension after a stroke, between 1968 and 1976, were studied. Twenty-one (11 men and 10 women) developed a second stroke after a mean period of just over 2 years. The women who had a stroke recurrence had higher initial systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) as well as higher achieved BP. The men with recurrence had no significant difference in initial BP but had higher BP on treatment. Patients who achieved BP of <160 mmHg systolic or 90 mmHg diastolic had a low incidence of recurrent stroke. Good BP control in hypertensive patients prevents stroke recurrence but may be difficult to achieve.


ABSTRACT In this article, I propose an understanding of the Global Hispanophone as a dynamic of (dis)entanglement, taking as points of departure a global history of science perspective, as well as feminist and decolonial science and technology studies. Discussing conceptual thinking on issues such as the circulation and noncirculation of knowledge and objects in colonial contexts, I develop a number of suggestions with regard to how scholars might study the entanglement (relationality) of different entities in cultural contact zones. I further explore how the hybridity resulting from such entanglement is often rendered invisible by processes of what I call "disentanglement" (denial of relationality). I also suggest how Global Hispanophone studies might trace the ways in which entanglement is prevented from occurring in the first place. While this article focuses on the (dis)entanglement of scientific knowledge, its premise is that this dynamic can also be explored in regard to other forms of knowledge beyond the field of science.


Sulphol-3-ene can be deprotonated with sodium hydride in DMF to form the α-anion which reacts with various alkyl halides to give the 2-alkylsulpholenes. This approach provides a regiospecific preparation of disubstituted sulphol-3-enes and sulphol-2-enes.


Classical tragedy and the Old Testament the patriarchal tragedy tragic anti-heroes tragic heroes Job Jesus the Christ and tragedy the loss of tragedy the rebirth of tragedy the claims of the ideal women in the struggle for power "Othello" and "Macbeth" beyond the catastrophe the unbridgeable divide Casterbridge and Geneva paradox of war the transcendence of war Christian tragedy.


Objective: To evaluate the Nephroprotective effect of Hydroalcoholic extract of Boerhaavia diffusa (HAEBD) in Cisplatin induced acute failure in rats. Materials & Methods: Adult female Wistar rats were divided into five groups.G1(Normal Control), G2( Toxic control), G3(Perse control with silymarin), HAEBD (200mg/kg and400mg/kg) , were adminstred orally to G4 & G5.Cisplatin was used to induce acute renal failure. The parameters studied included Serum creatinine, BUN, Urea, alkaline phosphatase & markers of oxidative stress such as renal malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxidase dismutase(SOD), glutathione(GSH), Glutathione peroxidase(GPx), catalase(CAT) in renal cortical homogenates. Histopathological examination also carried out Results: The results revealed that HAEBD treatment significantly reduced blood urea and serum creatinine levels elevated by CP administration Furthermore HAEBD significantly attenuated CP induced increase in MDA & decrease in reduced GSH, and CAT & SOD and GSH peroxidase activities in renal cortical homogenates. Additionally histopathological examination showed that HAEBD markedly ameliorated CP induced renal tubular necrosis. Conclusion: The results indicate that the aerial parts of Boerhaavia diffusa are endowed with Nephroprotective effect.


A biomechanical model constrained stochastic finite element framework has been developed to estimate jointly myocardium kinematics and material parameters from medical image sequences. In an extended Kalman filter formulation, we have observed that the augmented state error covariance matrix must be carefully chosen in order to avoid divergence (Shi, P. and Liu, H., MICCAI, pp.634-41, 2002). We incorporate confidence measures of the input imaging and imaging-derived data into the initialization of the state error covariance matrix. These confidence measures come from the shape-matching process of boundary points and from the local phase coherence of the magnetic resonance velocity images. Experiments with two types of imaging inputs have shown vastly improved filtering efficiency and physiologically meaningful results.


With UO/sub 2/, non-oxidizing atmospheres have to be used. Experiments were carried out in purified argon and in purified hydrogen. (auth)


I will discuss hadron-hadron collisions where the final state is kinematically of the kind associated with double-pomeron-exchange (DPE) and has large transverse momentum jets. I will show that in addition to the conventional factorized (FDPE) contribution, there is a non-factorized (NDPE) contribution which has no pomeron beam jet. Results of calculations from a simple model of DPE for two-jet total and differential cross sections at Tevatron energy scales are presented. The NDPE contribution is dominant.


The article sets a goal to show Aristotle's ethics (as a practical science) has its foundations in the fundamental conceptions of his philosophy, because they describe the process of knowledge, being in general and human as a specific existence. For this purpose the author analyses the concept of "episteme" in Aristotle's philosophy, define the structure of knowledge through the main questions about existence ("what?" and "how?"), and we also show the specifics of the combination of these questions in ethics. We identify the limitations of human cognitive ability and the structure of the object of knowledge, which Aristotle described through the concepts "potency", "energy" and "entelechy". As an object of knowledge, a human is revealed through the process of transition from potentially existing to actually existing, while he does not have an actual completion. We make a detailed description of the object of knowledge through the conception of four causes, where the material cause fixes the potentially existing in knowledge, and three other reasons (efficient, formal, final) fix various aspects of its actualization. The description of the object of knowledge through four causes is universal for Aristotle's epistemology and it allows us to describe everything that exists as a global process of expedient change. We show that Aristotle considers the development of an individual as included in the process of human development. Its internal structure is represented by the concept of the soul, where the interaction of parts of the soul determines the quality of human activity. As a result, these notions are the epistemic foundations of ethics as a science, since they determine the subject of its study (human) and reveal his nature as a permanent activity that is included in the generic development and has a purpose in itself.


Contents
- Organic viticulture in Europe
- Major bottlenecks and solutions
- Crop protection strategies in humid climates
- Novel trends in disease control


Information about the basic constituent components and operating principles of GLONASS is presented. Complexes of metrological and fundamental support of the system created at VNIIFTRI from 2012 to 2016 are considered. Paths for the development of complexes of metrological and fundamental support for the period through 2020 as well as directions for future studies for the period through 2030 are discussed.


This paper develops a new model of menu choice induced by temptation. The presence of temptation creates a utility cost in that choices cannot be recovered by maximization of consumption utility. However, in our model the cost of temptation is borne through constraints on the DM's choice domain as opposed to an explicit cost function. The idea is that, within menu, objects are grouped together by attribute and the DM is only able to select an attribute possessed by a target choice, as opposed to selecting the choice itself. For example, when the DM looks at a dinner menu he can partly control himself by looking at the low-calorie portion of the menu, but within this subset he might be drawn to the most tempting option. The main feature of our model is the manner in which choices are grouped by attributes, we refer to these as categories. Categories are subjective, so that the exercise of the paper is to show how these can be elicited and identified from choices over menus.


This paper offers a psycho-anthropological perspective on spirit possession and mental health in a variety of cultures and communities. Its prime focus is the distinction between two forms of possession: ritual and peripheral. The former is displayed in a ceremonial context and includes the social function of reinforcing cultural morality and established power. The latter, by contrast, represents a more long-term state in which the individual believes that he is unwillingly possessed by intruding spirits andfunctions as an indirect form of social protest. While both are reactions to stress, ritual possession operates as a socially sanctioned psychological defense mechanism, while peripheral possession constitutes a pathological reaction to individual conflict.


The inactivation of a replication protein causes the disassembly of the replication machinery and creates a need for replication reactivation. In several replication mutants, restart occurs after the fork has been isomerized into a four‐armed junction, a reaction called replication fork reversal. The repair helicase UvrD is essential for replication fork reversal upon inactivation of the polymerase (DnaE) or the β‐clamp (DnaN) subunits of the Escherichia coli polymerase III, and for the viability of dnaEts and dnaNts mutants at semi‐permissive temperature. We show here that the inactivation of recA, recFOR, recJ or recQ recombination genes suppresses the requirement for UvrD for replication fork reversal and suppresses the lethality conferred by uvrD inactivation to Pol IIIts mutants at semi‐permissive temperature. We propose that RecA binds inappropriately to blocked replication forks in the dnaEts and dnaNts mutants in a RecQ‐ RecJ‐ RecFOR‐dependent way and that UvrD acts by removing RecA or a RecA‐made structure, allowing replication fork reversal. This work thus reveals the existence of a futile reaction of RecA binding to blocked replication forks, that requires the action of UvrD for fork‐clearing and proper replication restart.


Plant Science![Figure][1]

Peptide receptors (blue) are expressed in Arabidopsis flowers.

CREDIT: GE ET AL.

In plants, sperm cells travel through the pollen tube as it grows toward the ovule. Successful fertilization depends on the pollen tube rupturing to release the sperm cells (see the Perspective by Stegmann and Zipfel). Ge et al. and Mecchia et al. elucidated the intercellular cross-talk that maintains pollen tube integrity during growth but destroys it at just the right moment. The signaling peptides RALF4 and RALF19, derived from the pollen tube, maintain its integrity as it grows. Once in reach of the ovule, a related signaling peptide, RALF34, which derives from female tissues, takes over and causes rupture of the pollen tube.

Science , this issue p. [1596][2], p. [1600][3]; see also p. [1544][4]

 [1]: pending:yes
 [2]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aao3642
 [3]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aao5467
 [4]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aar4190


Context. The object 2012 DA14 is a near-Earth asteroid with a size of several tens of meters. It had approached closely the Earth on 15 February 2013 UT, providing an opportunity for precise measurements of this tiny asteroid. Aims. The solar phase angle of 2012 DA14 had varied widely around its closest approach but was almost constant during the following night. We performed time-series photometric observations on those two nights to determine the rotational properties and phase effect. Methods. The observations were carried out using the 0.55-m telescope at Saitama University, Japan. The R-band images were obtained continuously over a 2 h period at the closest approach and for about 5 h on the next night. Results. The lightcurve data from the second night indicates a rotational period of 11.0 +1.8 −0.6 h and a peak-to-peak amplitude of 1.59 ± 0.02 mag. The brightness variation before and after the closest approach was separated into two components that are derived from the rotation and phase effect. We found that the phase curve slope of this asteroid is significantly shallower than those of other L-type asteroids. Conclusions. We suggest that 2012 DA14 is coated with a coarse surface that lacks fine regolith particles and/or a high albedo surface.


Annonaceae, comprising approximately 107 genera and 2400 species, is the largest family among early-divergent Magnoliales. Previous studies have concentrated on the binding mechanism that holds together the four members of tetrads in Annonaceae. However, the development mechanisms of different tetrad types remain largely unknown. Mitrephora tomentosa was found to exhibit five permanent tetrad types, with two or three of them existing in the same microsporangium, which is ideal for studying the formation mechanisms of different permanent tetrad pollens in a single microsporangium and explaining the relationship between cytokinesis and pollen tetrad types. The ontogenetic development of the different tetrads in M. tomentosa was investigated using electron microscopy technologies, histochemical staining, and immunocytochemistry. During meiosis, pollen mother cells produce decussate and tetragonal tetrads by successive cytokinesis and produce tetrahedral and rhomboidal tetrads by simultaneous cytokinesis. Bidirectional callose deposition was observed in tetrahedral, tetragonal, rhomboidal, and decussate tetrads. The variations in the process of microsporogenesis randomly accumulate and manifest as different combinations of cytokinesis and callose deposition, leading to the formation of differently shaped tetrads. In mature permanent tetrad pollens, four microspores are connected by both simple cohesion and cytoplasmic channels, which also play an important role in maintaining the synchronization of the tetrad members.


ABSTRACT Translators and interpreters leave their 'linguistic fingerprint' on the translated text. This distinctive way of formulating discourse is especially visible in interpreting, in which the target text is free from revision and editorial intervention. This study aims to account for idiosyncratic differences in explicitation patterns of simultaneous interpreting trainees by investigating the correlation between one of the indicators of interpreting style – explicitating frequency styles – and retrospective styles. We seek to establish whether these two forms of linguistic behaviour share some common traits characteristic for a given interpreter. The retrospective styles are operationalised adopting the parameters of verbosity, relevance, and informativeness of the reports. These parameters are compared against the explicitating frequency styles: abundant, medium, and lean. The results reveal a significant correlation between the density of explicitation pattern and the verbosity of the participants measured in words per comment. Interpreters who perform frequent explicitations tend to provide extensive retrospective verbalisations, whereas those with patterns of scarce shifts are more likely to provide brief and concise reports. This finding implies that one of the reasons behind explicitating behaviour of interpreters may be their individual tendency to opt for a more extensive surface form of linguistic expression.


This paper intends to discuss the program selection of the curriculum evaluation and propose the curriculum evaliation should be divided into four stages grade declaration,follow-up the test,on-the -spot examination and grade evaluation.


We study the impact of the technological change on asset prices in a dynamic model economy that features a stochastic technology frontier and costly technology adoption. Firms adopt the latest technology embodied in new capital to reach the stochastic technology frontier, but this decision entails an adoption cost. The model predicts that firms operating with old capital are more risky and hence offer higher expected returns than firms using young capital. This is because old capital firms are more likely to upgrade their capital in the near future and hence are more exposed to shocks driving the technology frontier. Our empirical analyses support the model's predictions. We find an annual return spread of 9% between old and young capital firms. The standard asset pricing models fail to explain this return spread, while a measure of technology adoption shocks prices well the capital age portfolios. JEL Classification: E23, E44, G12


For high reliability software, mission critical system software and embedded system software, to demonstrate convincingly and validly that the software satisfies the reliability requirements is one of the most challenging issues. In this paper, we present a method for developing software reliability case based on software reliability characteristic model and measures of defect control. Three software reliability argument patterns are proposed. As a case study, we take the load control software to demonstrate how a software reliability case can be generated using the proposed method and corresponding argument patterns.


There is evidence that despite increases in leisure over the last forty years Americans report to suffer from an increased time stress. This evidence posses a new puzzle for social scientists. The purpose of this paper is to reconcile these two findings. We exploit the diary structure of the American Heritage Time Use Study (AHTUS) to take into account not just the total time devoted to leisure, but other indicators of the quality of leisure time that use the timing and sequencing of leisure activities, who else is present at the time of the activity and what other activities are being done at the same time. We first show that, consistent with other studies, the amount of leisure time has indeed increased for both, men and women. However, the quality of leisure has decreased over this period. Our indicators of the quality of leisure suggests that individuals are engaging in less leisure with other adults, they are more likely to be doing leisure activities contaminated by other type of activities like housework, and leisure is overall more fragmented.


The article explores helpfully the following problems in the plant taxonomy lesson:upgrading experiment teaching material, reforming the experiment content and teaching way, perfecting exam point scale, emphasizing student's integrative capability training etc. It aims at improving the teaching quality and teaching result of the plant taxonomy experiment lesson.


A study is made of Japanese translation of Chinese tourist literature with reference to the Chinese to English version.When handling Chinese cultural words,Japanese translators tend to move the Chinese characters directly into the Japanese version making use of the similarity of Chinese and Japanese in language and culture.This translation approach works well in many cases,but it can hinder the full transform of message if not used critically.In addition to using the corresponding Japanese Kanji directly,translators are advised to use explanatory addition,necessary deduction or other translating techniques.The cultural and historical interaction between China and Japan is the background for translation and Chinese English translation often provides a good reference.


[1] The influence of a viscoplastic lava rheology on the dynamics of channeled lava flows is analyzed using analogue experiments. The experiments used slurries of polyethylene glycol and kaolin, which flowed with a constant flux down an inclined channel under water. Three sets of complementary experiments are presented: isothermal, cooling, and solidifying flows which quantified the effects of the viscoplastic rheology on shear, internal convection and surface crust formation. The isothermal and cooling experiments showed the formation of unyielded central plug regions which were not broken up by the convective overturning. In the solidifying experiments flows fell into one of three regimes: a tube regime, in which crust covered the entire flow surface; a shear-controlled regime, with a mobile raft of crust in the channel center and open shear zones near the walls; and a plug-controlled regime where the width of the central crust was determined by the width of the central plug region. The crust coverage is parameterized in terms of two dimensionless parameters: the ratio wp of central plug region width to channel width and a parameter ϑ which characterizes the relative importance of the strain and solidification rates. Finally the dynamics of typical lava flows on Mt Etna and the 1984 Mauna Loa lava flow are examined. We show that our parameterization agrees with lava flow crust widths observed in the field and find that even small yield strengths have a major effect on crust coverage.


1. A filter component for a smoking article comprising: a front segment of filter material; posterior segment of filter material in the region of the anterior segment of the filter material so as to form a cavity therebetween; iedinstvennuyu crushing flavoring capsule positioned within the cavity, wherein the flavoring capsule has an outer diameter which is at least 75% of the gap between the front segment of filter material and the rear segment of filter material, and the outer diameter of the flavoring capsule is not greater than the outer diameter of a front segment, a rear segment filter materiala.2. Filtering component according to claim 1, further comprising segment with a notch at a rear end of the posterior segment of the filter materiala.3. Filtering component according to claim 1, wherein the posterior segment of filter material has a length which is at least twice the length of the anterior segment of the filter materiala.4. Filtering component according to claim 1, wherein the anterior segment of filter material has a length of about 5 mm to about 10 mm.5. Filtering component according to claim 1, wherein the posterior segment of filter material has a length of about 5 mm to about 20 mm.6. Filtering component according to claim 1, wherein the cavity has a length of about 5 mm to about 7 mm.7. Filtering component according to claim 1, wherein the flavoring capsule has the shape of a spheroid having a diameter of from about 4.5 mm to about 5 mm.8. Filtering component according to claim 1, wherein the flavoring capsule is provided with menthol flavoring capsule pokrytiem.9 polymer. Filtering component according to claim 1, wherein the front


Based on the objectives for water resources development for the overall construction of a well-to-do society raised in the Sixteenth National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party and in combination with 50-year water resources construction in China since the foundation of the People′s Republic of China, an analysis is made on the present situation of water resources construction in China and the requirements of construction of a well-to-do society for water resources development. Ten objectives for water resources development are proposed: the total volume of water consumption will reach 6?500×10 8?m 3 by 2020, the ratio of flood and drought induced loss to GDP should be reduced to 2.0%, the ratio of agricultural water consumption to the total volume of water consumption decreased to 60%, the ratio of coverage of urban and rural water supply reach 75%, the up-to-standard ratio of water quality of water functional regions reach 75%, the ratio of water and soil loss control reach 65%, the guarantee degree for eco-environmental water consumption reach 70%, water consumption of GDP reach 200?m 3 per ten thousand yuans, the ratio of information-based water management reach 80%, and the managerial staff who have received 3 or more years college education occupy 80% of the total. The ratio of comprehensive realization should reach 75%.


This work was supported by National Funds through FCT "Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia" under the program: PEst2015-2020, ref. UID/CEC/00319/2013.


BACKGROUND: Staphylococcus epidermidis grows slowly in platelet (PLT) preparations compared to other bacteria, presenting the possibility of missed detection by routine screening. S. epidermidis is a leading cause of nosocomial sepsis, with virulence residing in its ability to establish chronic infections through production of slime layers, or biofilms, on biomedical devices. This study aims to establish biofilm formation (BF) as a mode of growth by S. epidermidis in PLT preparations.


An adaptive process monitoring approach with variable moving window principal component analysis (variable MWPCA) is proposed. On the basis of recursively updating the correlation matrix in both samplewise and blockwise manners, the approach combines the moving window technique with the classical rank-r singular value decomposition (R-SVD) algorithm to construct a new PCA model. Compared with previous MWPCA algorithms, the method not only improves the computation efficiency but also reduces the storage requirement. Furthermore, instead of a fixed window size, a variable moving window strategy is described in detail for accommodating normal process changes with different changing rates. The proposed method is applied to an illustrative case and a continuous stirred tank reactor process, and the monitoring results show better adaptability to both a slow drift and a set-point change than the results of using the conventional MWPCA with a fixed window size.


This paper describes some of the difficulties in training recurrent neural network, provides explanations for why these difficulties occur and explains how they can be mitigated.


We briefly review the possibilities of side effects caused by therapy with drugs other than psychotropic agents. These complications are mainly depressive/manic, paranoid-hallucinatoric/deliriant or anxiety/panic syndromes. Especially elderly patients and patients with multiple diseases are the preferred group with these side effects, because they are most likely to show a disturbance of blood-brain barrier and renal clearance. We will discuss the psychiatrically meaningful side effects of frequently used drugs, and we will present a concept of how to reduce such unwanted side effects.


The purpose of this research is to know the implementation of brainstorming method in group investigation model in Economic subjects and improvement of activity and learning result of students of class X IPS 3 SMAN 1 Batu. Methods of data collection using observation, test questions and field notes and analyzed by qualitative descriptive technique. The result of this research are: (1) improvement of student activity 18,71% from cycle I to cycle II, that is 63.30% cycle I and 82.31% cycle II; (2) the improvement of student learning outcomes is 22.22% from cycle I to cycle II, which is marked by the increase of 70.37% complete student in cycle I and increased to 92.59% cycle II. Implementation of brainstorming method in group investigation model is expected to be used as an alternative model of economical learning that is more innovative to improve student activeness. It is also expected that Economics teachers should implement the implementation of this learning model not only on the discussion of payment system and non-cash payment instruments only, but for other materials that have problems and materials related to the daily life of the students so that students are easier to find the latest information needed to be used as reference material. The results of this study are expected to be used by other researchers as a reference in carrying out the development of similar research. In addition to measuring student activity as well as learning outcomes, other researchers are expected to be able to measure other aspects such as critical thinking skills, communication skills, and so on, so that the results of research become more perfect. DOI:  https://dx.doi.org/10.17977/UM014v10i22017p109


Abstract. A attractive high density plasma operational regime, namely an internal diffusion barrier (IDB), has been discovered in the intrinsic helical divertor configuration on the Large Helical Device (LHD). The IDB which enables core plasma to access a high density/high pressure regime has been developed. It is revealed that the IDB is reproducibly formed by pellet fueling in the magnetic configurations shifted outward in major radius. Attainable central plasma density exceeds 1 × 1021 m−3. Central pressure reaches 1.5 times atmospheric pressure and the central β value becomes fairly high even at high magnetic field, i.e. β(0) = 5.5% at Bt = 2.57 T.


A sorption-enhanced water-gas shift (SEWGS) system providing CO2-free synthesis gas (CO + H2) for jet fuel production from pure CO was studied. The water-gas shift (WGS) reaction was catalyzed by a commercial Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst and carried out with in-situ CO2 removal on a 20 wt% potassium-promoted hydrotalcite-derived sorbent. Catalyst activity was investigated in a fixed bed tubular reactor. Different sorbent materials and treatments were characterized by CO2 chemisorption among other analysis methods to choose a suitable sorbent. Cyclic breakthrough tests in an isothermal packed bed microchannel reactor (PBMR) were performed at significantly lower modified residence times than those reported in literature. A parameter study gave an insight into the effect of pressure, adsorption feed composition, desorption conditions, as well as reactor configuration on breakthrough delay and adsorbed amount of CO2. Special attention was paid to the steam content. The significance of water during adsorption as well as desorption confirmed the existence of different adsorption sites. Various reactor packing concepts showed that the interaction of relatively fast reaction and relatively slow adsorption kinetics plays a key role in the SEWGS process design at low residence time conditions.


I. INTRODUCTIONAn attorney, specializing in estate planning, is retained by a client to draft a will and create a trust. During the course of the representation, the client discloses his HIV status to the attorney. The client also informs the attorney he does not want anyone to know this secret, especially his wife, since he would have to admit to his wife that he had an affair several years earlier. The attorney, troubled by this revelation, asks the client if he is engaging in sexual relations with his wife. The client responds that he is, but is not practicing safe sex, because to do so would raise questions about his fidelity. The attorney encourages the client to reveal his HIV status to his wife, but the client refuses to do so. What can and should the attorney do?1Does the answer depend on whether or not it is a crime to transmit HIV to an unknowing third party? If it is not a crime, should the attorney be allowed to disclose the client's HIV status anyway? Is the urgency of disclosure determined in part by the length of time it takes to contract HIV? Should it be? What about the moral implications of non-disclosure?Questions such as these are not easily answered. The solutions in part depend on the attorney's duty to warn. Within the context of this note, the duty to warn refers to an attorney's professional responsibility to notify a potential victim, and possibly even to take further steps by alerting the appropriate law enforcement authorities, when the attorney has learned of confidential information regarding events that are likely to result in physical harm or death to that victim. The attorney's duty to warn may create a dilemma at some point in his legal career. One study surveyed 776 attorneys and reported that sixty-seven of them found themselves deliberating whether to warn a third party at least once in their professional careers.2 Of those sixty-seven, twelve disclosed information to prevent bodily harm to third parties. Of those twelve, five attorneys reported no damage to the attorney-client relationship, and one reported a better relationship after the disclosure.4The purposes of this note are to explore the history of an attorney's duty to warn, to examine the current status of the ethical rules and case law in Tennessee on the duty to warn, and to propose that Tennessee has greatly clarified the ethical guidelines for lawyers by mandating disclosure of confidential client information to save third parties from bodily harm or death. In addition to these main points, this note questions whether tort liability is an inappropriate consequence for breach of the duty to warn. Although there are no reported cases where a court has imposed liability against an attorney for his negligent failure to warn, Tennessee's adoption of the new disclosure requirement may pave the way for negligent failure to warn liability in situations such as the above hypothetical.II. HISTORY OF THE DUTY OF CONFIDENTIALITYThis part of the note compares and contrasts the attorney-client privilege with the duty of confidentiality, discusses the general professional duty to warn, and examines several facets of the attorney's duty to warn under ethical rules and in tort law.A. The Duty of Confidentiality Versus Attorney-Client PrivilegeIn order to understand the meaning of an attorney's duty of confidentiality, one must distinguish the duty from the attorney-client privilege. The attorney-client privilege is an evidentiary privilege that applies only to compelled testimony.5 Thus, the privilege is triggered when a person, acting under the subpoena power of the state, tries "to compel a lawyer or a party to the proceeding to disclose the confidential client information."6 The privilege belongs to the client, and the client can choose to waive the privilege if he so desires.7 States law determines the scope of privileged information. Tennessee requires the attorney and client to have established a relationship as "attorney" and "client," although litigation need not be impending or expected. …


We propose a method to determine the absolute location of energy levels when electrical contact is made between two dissimilar materials. The conventional method of determining the energy levels is correct only as a limiting case when the number of electrons in one sample greatly exceed that in the other.


Thermal aging of three-wire series-arc stainless steel weld overlay cladding at 288{degrees}C for 1605 h resulted in an appreciable decrease (16%) in the Charpy V-notch (CVN) upper-shelf energy (USE), but the effect on the 41-J transition temperature shift was very small (3{degrees}C). The combined effect of aging and neutron irradiation at 288{degrees}C to a fluence of 5 x 10{sup 19} neutrons/cm{sup 2} (> 1 MeV) was a 22% reduction in the USE and a 29{degrees}C shift in the 41-J transition temperature. The effect of thermal aging on tensile properties was very small. However, the combined effect of irradiation and aging was an increase in the yield strength (6 to 34% at test temperatures from 288 to {minus}125{degrees}C) but no apparent change in ultimate tensile strength or total elongation. Neutron irradiation reduced the initiation fracture toughness (J{sub Ic}) much more than did thermal aging alone. Irradiation slightly decreased the tearing modulus, but no reduction was caused by thermal aging alone. Other results from tensile, CVN, and fracture toughness specimens showed that the effects of thermal aging at 288 or 343{degrees}C for 20,000 h each were very small and similar to those at 288{degrees}C for 1605 h. The effects of long-term thermal exposure time (50,000 h and greater) at 288{degrees}C will be investigated as the specimens become available in 1996 and beyond.


Natasha Trethewey's poetry collection titled Bellocq's Ophelia (2002) is derived from a set of New Orleans photographs taken by E. J. Bellocq circa 1912.These mysterious portraits, selections of which were first published in 1970 and then republished in 1996 as an expanded text with an introduction by Susan Sontag, document the women of New Orleans' Storyville district of legalized prostitution, which existed from 1897 to 1917. As Sontag asserts in her treatise On Photography, "To photograph is to confer importance. There is probably no subject that cannot be beautified; moreover, there is no way to suppress the tendency inherent in all photographs to accord value to their subjects. [...] No moment is more important than any other moment; no person is more interesting than any other person" (Sontag 28).The importance of these images of female prostitutes lies not only in Bellocq's unusual photographic project but also in the responses to and adaptations of them in writing, from fiction to art history to photographic criticism to poetry. The photographs and, more recently,Trethewey's poetry collection accord these women value through representation.


Particularities of the reflection are considered in article in explanatory dictionaries of the changes to lexical system of the russian language in XX ages. Emphases is spared different way of the fixing the dynamic of the language in the most important explanatory dictionaries of the russian language.


Metal halide perovskites are a promising class of materials for next-generation photovoltaic and optoelectronic devices. The discovery and full characterization of new perovskite-derived materials ...


It was evident from the very beginning of the colonization of the Americas that the West African had experienced a biological past which differed in significant ways from that of other peoples. For in that beginning, dead Indians began accumulating "in heaps, like bedbugs" as they succumbed to diseases that accompanied the Spanish Conquistadores and their animals from Iberia. But the black slaves who accompanied them as well, did not die, or rather, the Spaniards temporized, "if we did not hang a Negro, he would never die." In addition to this immunologic hardiness, the black was physically sturdier. Common wisdom had it that he could do the work of four Indians.


In this paper, the nodal pricing and dispatch function of the independent system operator (ISO) in a pool based electricity market is modeled and solved using a new algorithm based on linear convex optimisation. The algorithm finds optimal nodal prices, and real and reactive power dispatch considering line flow limits, real power loss along the lines and reactive power capability of generators. The price-quantity bids by the generators and consumers are used to model a piece-wise linear objective function for real power dispatch. Real and reactive power are dispatched using a decoupled load flow method and an adjustment algorithm is used to handle decoupling errors. The algorithm was used to solve a 17-node test problem. Dispatch depends on the security constraints and the total industry surplus decreased with line flow restrictions. Impact of switching some real power bids to the reserve market depends on the location of the bid switching.


Micro-milling is widely used to make micro-channels in various fields. In this study, micro-milling of rectangular bronze microchannels was carried out with carbide end mills with a diameter of 1 mm, processed with fast argon atoms, and coated with anti-friction wear-resistant titanium diboride. It was shown that the removal of a 3 µm thick surface layer from a micro end mill with fast argon atoms makes it possible to reduce the cutting edge radius of the tool to 1.2 µm, which is three times lower than the minimum value of 4 µm achievable in mechanical manufacturing. The subsequent deposition of a 3 μm thick anti-friction coating results in a wear-resistant micro end mill with original geometric parameters but improved performance. The surface roughness of the machined bronze microchannel significantly decreased, and the burrs above the groove practically disappeared after micro-milling.


We investigate the role of timing in ascending auctions under the premise that time is a valuable resource. Traditional models of the English auction ignore timing issues by assuming that the auction occurs instantaneously. However, when auctions are slow, as Internet auctions used for procurement often are, there are significant opportunity or monitoring costs to bidders, and the choice of the size of the jump bid becomes a strategic decision. We study the choice in the experimental laboratory by systematically varying the opportunity costs associated with fast bidding. When time is more valuable bidders respond by choosing larger jump bids. Surprisingly, the economic performance of the auction is not significantly affected. We develop a simple model of ascending auctions with impatient bidders that provides insights into the effect jump bids have on auction performance.


In this paper it is proposed to apply blind signal separation methods to improve a neural network prediction. Results generated by any regression model usually include both constructive and destructive components. In case of a few models, some of the components can be common to all of them. Our aim is to find the basis elements and distinguish the components with the constructive influence on the modelling quality from the destructive ones. After rejecting the destructive elements from the models results it is observed the enhancement of the results in terms of some standard error criteria. The validity and high performance of the concept is presented on the real problem of energy load prediction


Abdominoplasty procedures have dramatically increased over the past decade or more. The American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ASAPS) Cosmetic Surgery National Data Bank reported in 2005 an increase of 344%[1]. Saldanha introduced Lipoabdominoplasty in the early 2000[2]. Over the past two decades, Abdominoplasty, a common procedure performed by plastic surgeons worldwide has undergone progressive gradual changes with the inclusion of liposuction contouring of the trunk. The author discusses his experience and technical preferences in the performance and management of complete/full abdominoplasty patients, including the floating umbilicus technique, with simultaneous liposuction obtained over the past 40 years in private practice.

Key words:
Abdominoplasty; Liposuction


The paper designs and implements the wild track positioning system based on BeiDou Navigation Satellite in order to track and local the field workers in real time in the communication blind zone. The system, which consists of handheld navigation and positioning terminal, Beidou satellite communication system, monitoring platform and the database, achieves the real-time positioning, data communication, path query and?emergency alarm etc. for the field work people.In the practical application,the precision of the desired field exploration path and the exploration data is increased,and the life security of the field work people is got the maximum protection.


The political context assumptions teaching standard English grammar in the classroom knowledge about language literature drama media education and information technology bilingual children equal opportunities special educational needs English language and literature in the schools of Wales assessment speaking and listening reading writing.


The Higgs potential of the standard model with an additional real Higgs singlet is studied in order to examine if it may allow the strongly first-order electroweak phase transition. It is found that there are parameter values for which this model at the one-loop level with a finite-temperature effect may allow the desired phase transition. Those parameter values also predict that the masses of the neutral scalar Higgs bosons of the model are consistent with the present experimental bound, and that their production in e+e− collisions may be searched at the proposed ILC with in the near future.


In the new edition of the international bestseller "Environmental Interpretation," Sam H. Ham captures what has changed in our understanding of interpretation during the past two decades. Ham draws on recent advances in communication research to unveil a fresh and invigorating perspective that will lead interpreters to new and insightful pathways for making a difference on purpose through their work.


Maltracking or subluxation is one of the complication of patellofemoral arthroplasty (PFA). The purpose of this investigation was to measure femoral component rotational alignment in PFA using a standard computed tomography (CT) scanner. Second, apply this technique to two groups; a control group of patients with well functioning PFA and a study of a group of patients with patellofemoral problems as maltracking or subluxation. Data was analyzed from our center that has continuously performed PFA for isolated patellofemoral degenerative disease since 1978. Patients were included if they had a minimum four year follow up. A total of 124 patients (149 knees) were treated with PFA. There were 39 men and 85 women who had a mean age of 64 years (range, 46 to 78 years). A pre-operative and post-operative CT scan is performed in our center for all the patients since this period to assess femoro-patellar malalignment. The trochlear twist angle was determined using the single axial CT image through the femoral epi-condyles. To determine whether the femoral component was in excessive internal or external rotation, measurements were done on the post-operative CT scan and the trochlear twist angle of the femoral component was compared to the pre-operative trochlear twist angle. At a mean follow up of 13 years (range, 4 to 30 years), overall prosthetic survival and preservation was 91 per cent. There were 112 knees (75 per cent) with good or excellent clinical results (Knee Society score of 80 points or more). Revision to total knee replacement for femoro-tibial disease progression was necessary in 9 knees (6 per cent). Complications related to the patellofemoral arthroplasty (28 knees) included : residual pain or mechanical symptom 10 (7 per cent) requiring other ancillary procedures ; maltracking or subluxation 18 (12%) with component revision in 10 knees; Radiographic findings show 2 component loosenings and 1 patella fracture. There was no incidence of infection or component wear. The group with patellofemoral complications had excessive (p less than 0.01) femoral internal component rotation. This excessive combined internal rotation was directly proportional to the severity of the patellofemoral complication. Small amounts of internal rotation (1–4 degrees) correlated with pain. Moderate combined internal rotation (5–10 degrees) with lateral tracking and patellar tilting. Large amounts of combined internal rotational (10–17 degrees) correlated with patellar sub-luxation, early patellar dislocation or late patellar prosthesis failure (fracture of the patella or loosening of the patella button). The control group (112 knees without complications) was in external rotation (10-0 degrees). This study showed that increasing amounts of excessive internal rotational malalignment resulted in more severe patellofemoral complications.


A detailed study of the photoluminescence(PL) and photoluminescence excitation (PLE)properties of Al0.48In0.52As is presented. A PLlinewidth of 13 meV and a Stokes shift of only 9 meV at 4.2 K both indicate that the effect of clustering is minimal in our samples. The Stokes shift is three times lower than the lowest reported in the literature. No shift was observed in the position of the PL peak with changing excitation intensity. Both the PL energy and intensity showed anomalous temperature behavior: The energy first decreased, then increased, and finally decreased again with increasing temperature (the so‐called inverted S shape); the intensity showed a temperature dependence similar to that of amorphous semiconductors and disordered superlattices. These two phenomena suggest strong localization of carriers in Al0.48In0.52As, even when the effect of clustering is minimal. The PLE spectra showed excitonic enhancement only above 40 K. The first observation of phonons with PL is reported in Al0.48In0.52As. Energies of 29.6 and 45.9 meV were measured for the InAs‐like and the AlAs‐like LO phonons, respectively. These phonons could only be detected below 40 K, which, on the basis of selection rules for LO phonon scattering, confirms the localized nature of the luminescence.


Over the past three decades, significant research efforts have focused on improving the charge carrier mobility of organic thin‐film transistors (OTFTs). In recent years, a commonly observed nonlinearity in OTFT current–voltage characteristics, known as the "kink" or "double slope," has led to widespread mobility overestimations, contaminating the relevant literature. Here, published data from the past 30 years is reviewed to uncover the extent of the field‐effect mobility hype and identify the progress that has actually been achieved in the field of OTFTs. Present carrier‐mobility‐related challenges are identified, finding that reliable hole and electron mobility values of 20 and 10 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively, have yet to be achieved. Based on the analysis, the literature is then reviewed to summarize the concepts behind the success of high‐performance p‐type polymers, along with the latest understanding of the design criteria that will enable further mobility enhancement in n‐type polymers and small molecules, and the reasons why high carrier mobility values have been consistently produced from small molecule/polymer blend semiconductors. Overall, this review brings together important information that aids reliable OTFT data analysis, while providing guidelines for the development of next‐generation organic semiconductors.


 The quality of construction project impacts investor's economic earning and social benefit. In general the quality has a positive relation with cost namely big cost may produce good quality. But the increase of cost will impact the economical interests of investors and construction companies. So how to handle the relations between cost and quality is concerned by all the parties involved in a construction project. Employing mathematic statistics this paper takes deviation of average value to provide a rational tender price or price accepted in business negotiation while guaranteeing the project quality reaching a certain level. Actually this method not only guarantees quality but also can maximize economic earning of construction companies and meet the interests of investors.


M oil can enter the food chain in many different ways. The analysis of mineral oil in food is further complicated since it consists of MOSH (saturated hydrocarbons) comprising a complex mixture of linear, branched, cyclic compounds and variable amounts of MOAH (aromatic hydrocarbons), mainly alkylated. Both MOSH and MOAH form "humps" of unresolved peaks in the chromatograms with the same range of volatility. Since these two fractions have a different toxicological relevance, it is important to quantify them separately.


Dense image matching is one of the core processing steps for MER data fusion, in order to produce a local DTM and the associated ortho-rectified image from multiple MER stereo pairs. Inspired by previous research employing two customised matching algorithms for inter and intra-stereo images, this paper presents a dense intra-stereo matching pipeline which does not require additional data interpolation after the intra-stereo matching. The proposed MER data fusion workflow is being re-used to configure an Orbital-and-Rover data fusion workflow within the EU-FP7 ProVisG poject.


The utility model provides a transmission line pole and tower design platform. An environmental condition database is used for the design of the pole and the tower. A procedure specification document library is used for storing the procedure specification documents of the pole and tower design. A pole and tower model library is used for storing typical models of the pole and tower design. The pole and tower design platform, the environmental condition database, the procedure specification document library and the pole and tower model library are used for designers to design a scheme of the pole and tower of a transmission line. A scheme analyzing module is connected to the pole and tower design platform, and thereby an index analysis can be conducted on the pole and tower design scheme designed by the pole and tower design platform. A commanding drawing database is connected to the scheme analyzing module, and thereby a completed pole and tower design scheme can be stored. A construction drawing generation module is connected to the commanding drawing database, and thereby a pole and tower construction drawing can be drawn. With the combination of data integration, design optimization, scheme analysis and construction drawing generation, a comprehensive pole and tower design platform is provided for designers.


A well performing District Heating Substation (DHS) is crucial for the efficiency of the District Heating (DH), especially with the shift towards low temperature 4th generation DH systems. For this reason, testing and characterization of commercially available DHSs becomes important to estimate their effect on the DH network. Within the thermo-technical laboratory of EnergyVille, a multipurpose test rig has been built for testing DHSs. In this setup, different DH conditions and heat demand profiles for space heating and for Domestic Hot Water (DHW) can be emulated. Independent tests have been performed on 4 DHSs from three different manufacturers, focused on the DHW preparation for low DH supply temperature and on the stand-by/keep-warm operation of the substations. The latter maintains a certain temperature within the heat exchanger to avoid delays in the delivery of DHW. The results showed that improvements are needed on DHW production for lower DH supply temperatures. Also, enhancements are needed to reduce losses from the keep-warm function. Given that DH systems can have thousands of substations, this will reduce the overall losses and improve the performance of the DH network.


REFER TO THE PAGE 77-83

The study by Kim et al.1) revealed that while improvement of regional function by valsartan was more effective in the high-dose (160 or 320 mg) valsartan group, compared with the low-dose group, high-dose valsartan did not have effects on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and lift ventriculal (LV) size.

Angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs) should be used in post-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients with evidence of LV dysfunction who are intolerant to angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors.2) ARBs reduce mortality and morbidity rates in patients with heart failure (HF) and reduced LVEF. Investigators of the Val-HeFT3) and CHARM4) trials reported that high doses of ARBs improved clinical outcomes. Recently, the HEAAL study5) demonstrated that high-dose (losartan 150 mg) is superior to low-dose ARB (losartan 50 mg) in patients with HF and reduced LVEF. In contrast to the latter ARB trials, the VALIANT study6) focused on patients with HF after acute myocardial infarction (MI) and demonstrated that a high-dose ARB (valsartan 320 mg) was not inferior to an ACE inhibitor (captopril 150 mg). However, the VALIANT study did not evaluate dose-dependent clinical outcomes.

The study by Kim et al.1) is helpful to understand changes in dose-dependent LV remodeling. However, this study has several limitations in terms of dose-dependent echocardiographic changes. First, the study population size was too small to compare LVEF and LV size between two groups. In the VALIANT Echo study, the small improvement in LVEF was observed in 610 patients. Second, baseline LVEF was too high (mean EF 52.7 ± 8.1%) to evaluate LV remodeling, compared to other remodeling studies such as the VALIANT (EF ≤ 35%) and HEAAL (EF ≤ 40%) studies. Third, the results do not definitively answer the question of why improvement of segmental wall motion was better in the high-dose than in the low-dose group. If additional information, such as myocardial microcirculation by myocardial contrast echocardiography and drugs affecting LV function were provided, the results would be more convincing.

Valsartan (Diovan) is an oral angiotensin II-receptor antagonist with specificity for the angiotensin II type 1 receptor subtype. It has been shown to attenuate the progression of chronic HF and to reduce mortality in patients with myocardial infarction. Although based on clinical trials high-dose ARB (Valsartan 160 mg BID) is recommended for the improvement of LV function in heart failure, low-dose ARB is preferred in clinical practice in patients with HF. The ARB dose may vary according to race and personal preferences. In the VALIANT study, discontinuation of valsartan (160 mg BID) was observed in 1,675 (34%) patients. However, in the study by Kim et al.1), discontinuation of high-dose valsartan was seen in 43 (68%) patients.

By comparing two groups prospectively after randomization, the present study concludes that high-dose valsartan is more effective than low-dose valsartan in improving segmental wall motion. Even though this is a small study to compare dose-dependent echocardiographic LV remodeling, it reveals the benefit of high-dose treatment, which may allow recommendation of high-dose valsartan even in post-STEMI cases.


Objective:To analyse the effection of the Hypertension disorder complicating pregnancy brings to the liver fuction and Platelet,investigate the relationship between the happening of the HELLP syndrome and the time 、the method of pregnacy termintion prognosis in pregnancy.Methods:Retrospective analyses were done on 532 patients with pregnancy termination from Janauary 2001 to Janauary 2009 year.Results:The severe patients have 35±2.2deliver`s weeks,98 patients underwent cesarean section(66.7%).the mild patients have 38±2.5 deliver`s weeks,115 paitents underwent cesarean sections(29.9%).As the patient's condition gets worse,the patients with unusual liver fuction will be much more,while the total of the platelets becomes lower with the development of the disease condition.The severe patient's HELLP syndrome taken place rate is 10.2%,among them,there were 12 patients underwent cesarean sections(80%).the mild patients have no syndrome.Conclusions:As the condition of the Hyppertension disorder complicating pregnancy becoming worse,the patients with unsual liver fauction obviously getsmore,which indicates that the bad affection to the liver becomes much more heavier,while the totle of platelets gets lower.The severe patients who gets HELLP syndrome would have a serious influence in mother and perinatal fetuls.Diagnosis as soon as possible,active dealing,timely teminating pregnancy using cesarean section as the first choice.Above these,both mother and perintal fetus would have a good result.


An upstream finite difference method suitable for the numerical simulation of high Reynolds number flows of incompressible fluid is considered. An upstream formulation should result in an appropriate central finite difference method when the additional term is turned off. The additional numerical viscosity should essentially be dissipative even if it is applied to the higher-order finite difference scheme. In order to meet these requirements, two types of upstream methods are developed. They are based on the interpolation method of the convective term on the staggered grid system proposed in the accompanying paper. One is the modification of the upstream-biased finite difference (UBD) method. Another is the upstream-shifted interpolation (USI) of the convective term. The proposed schemes are compared with conventional methods using numerical examples for a one-dimensional convection problem with constant velocity. The USI method shows the best features among them and reproduces a reasonable result for the square cavity flow at Reynolds number 10000.


The duodenal response to x irradiation, in terms of both crypt survival (D/sub 0/ and 10-clone dose) and host toxicity (LD/sub 50/6/), has been evaluated as a function of time of x irradiation after either a single injection of hydroxyurea (3 mg/g body wt) or five injections (0.5 mg/g followed at 1-h invervals by four injections of 0.25 mg/g each). The data indicate that the five-injection protocol is more effective than a single injection at accumulating proliferating crypt cells at the G/sub 1//S interface and that the initial cohort of S-phase cells after the hydroxyurea release is more radioresistant than the exponentially distributed population of proliferating crypt cells (D/sub 0/ approx. = 220 rad vs control D/sub 0/ approx. = 150 rad). The duodenal crypt cells x-irradiated 1 h after the last hydroxyurea injection (both protocols), when they are still blocked at the G/sub 1//S interface, are also more radiosensitive (D/sub 0/ approx. = 100 rad) than control crypt cells. This is apparently due to a chemical radiosensitization by the hydroxyurea still present in the serum of the mice. A comparison of the 10-clone dose to the LD/sub 50/6/ dose indicates that there is an uncoupling of crypt survival frommore » the so-called clinical endpoint of host toxicity in such a combined-modality protocol. This suggests that, when a systemic cell-cycle phase-specific agent is used in combination with whole-abdomen irradiation, crypt survival per se is only one important variable contributing to the classical gastrointestinal death syndrome.« less


Microwave photonics (MWP) provides advantages in bandwidth performance and fan-in scalability that are far superior to electronic counterparts. Processing of many channels at high bandwidths is not easily achievable in any electronic implementation. We consider an MWP system that iteratively performs principal component analysis (PCA) on partially correlated, eight-channel, and 13-GBd signals. The system that is presented is able to adapt to oscillations in interchannel correlations and follow changing principal components. Wideband multidimensional techniques are relevant to > 10-GHz radio systems and could bring solutions for intelligent radio communications and information sensing.


Although durum wheat flour is conventionally used to produce pasta, in this study, emphasis was placed on the use of spelt flour in the formulation of the pasta recipe, with the replacement with spent grain obtained from distilleries for its content of fiber and protein. D-optimal design was used to optimize the influence of spent grain addition for the quality attributes of spelt pasta. In order to optimize the spelt pasta matrix, the spent grain content was varied (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) so that all responses were optimized (maximize cohesiveness, fracturability, proteins, total dietary fiber, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity, minimize cooking loss, in-range firmness, and color paste). The optimal addition of spent grain in the spelt pasta recipe was 11.70%, yielding values with differences of less than 5% from the values predicted by the model and producing finished products with good nutritional properties without negative consequences on quality. Spent grain is a valuable byproduct that deserves to be used for fortification in order to obtain pro-health food. This study presents a formulation of spelt pasta with the addition of spent grain using mathematical modeling and statistical optimization.


This paper considers the acoustical effects of variations of sediment absorption with depth for several sediment types. A simple measure of absorption effects is given by the total absorption along the sub‐bottom ray paths. This total absorption is considered for a variety of absorption and sound‐speed gradients for both semi‐infinite and finite layers. The plane wave reflection loss (bottom loss) is then considered for several treatments of attenuation, layering, and sediment type. It is found that, for clay sediments, plausible variations in absorption gradients can result in variations in bottom loss of several decibels. These conclusions are reinforced by consideration of the absorption gradient effects on normal mode attenuation coefficients.


The work below presents the analysis of properties of a classifier being the synthesis (fusion) of two simple (ranking) domain classifiers applied to medical diagnostics. The presented work is a continuation of the theoretical results included in [2]. The example concerns determination of initial diagnosis for the patient on the basis of diagnosed symptoms of disease and risk factors with regard to their intensification. The applied diagnostic model, described in the papers [6, 7] also considers the significance levels for the applicable symptoms and risk factors in diagnosing individual diseases. Data on the patient's health condition (observation X x∈ ) were divided by domains into two areas: data on symptoms presence and data on risk factors and their intensification. These data formed the basis for developing two domain classifiers. The third classifier, typical for medical diagnostics processes and 'operating' on data concerning the specialist results of laboratory tests is included further in the iteration diagnostic process upon obtaining the initial diagnosis.


Cycling track omnium,which became one of the new Olympic sport items in 2010,is approved by Union Cycliste International. So far relative studies have not been found on the item. High-speed camera was used to take pictures of omnium athletes' body postures when they were riding in the game and the pictures analyzed by biomechanics method. By this means,a lot of data have been acquired and theoretical reference for training provided. It has been found that the women athletes have almost the same body postures as the men athletes,while the women athletes have a larger extent than men athletes when women athletes pedaled the bicycle. The difference lies in the upper body posture and the angle between foot back and leg. The crooked handle makes the athletes' a larger extent body posture. The athletes give more strength from the front of the feet.


Retinoic acid (RA) is a signaling molecule in the morphogenesis of the mammary gland, modulating the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The aim of this paper was to study the role of R...


One of the life-threatening disease affecting the brain is the cancer of the brain. Detection of the tumor at an early stage becomes essential in order to save life's. One of the techniques used for detection of brain tumor is based on medical images. Deep learning is being used in order to detect brain tumor. Using deep learning techniques, has shown reduction of error in human early diagnosis of the disease. Especially, brain tumor diagnosis requires high accuracy, where minute errors in diagnosis may lead to complications. In medical image processing, brain tumor disclosure remains a demanding job. The image of the brain is complicated to detect the tumor. Several noises moreover delay affects the image accuracy. Image segmentation and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) techniques have become a helpful medical diagnostic tool for the examination of the brain and other medical images. Image segmentation is an influential area of medical image processing. It is applied to bring out the different roles from medical images like MRI, CT scan, including Mammography, etc. In this paper, we presented a systematic review of brain disease using deep learning techniques. The investigation and comparative analysis of recent knowledge correlated with brain disorder detection using deep learning techniques is considered in this review. The outcome of this paper states the various research gaps identified from the literature review.


Thermal camera,widely used in situ measurement of land surface temperature(LST),has an advantage of obtaining component brightness temperature.A simultaneous airborne,satellite-borne,and ground-based remote sensing field campaign was carried out in the Heihe River Basin of northwest China from May to July,2008.The radiative temperatures were obtained by two portable infrared radiometers and one thermal camera at the maize field patches around the weather station in Yingke Oasis Area with three different sampling schemes.Average temperatures of the field patches were extracted with those data.The thermal camera′s data was processed as: Firstly,maize and the soil were separated by statistical threshold of radiative temperatures in thermal images,and then their mean radiative temperatures were calculated,respectively.Secondly,with the LAB color space transform technique,the vegetation fraction of each field patch is estimated from visible photos taken simultaneously.Finally,each patch′s mean radiative temperature was obtained by the sum of the component temperatures of maize and soil weighted by vegetation fraction cover.By comparing of the mean radiative temperatures obtained by the thermal camera and portable radiometers sampling in cross-row and along-row direction,we found that their differences are small,and between-1 and +1.But,both maximum and minimum temperatures of the three methods differ a lot.By simulation on different reliability levels,we also obtained the numbers of randomly sampled points on different pixel scales.Our result indicates that it is difficult to obtain an accurate mean brightness temperature of filed patch with just only 1-2 portable radiometers based on the general point-based measure scheme.To get more accurate data for the validation of LST retrieved in different remote sensing pixel scales,new methods and instruments with high temporal and spatial sampling frequencies are required.


The purpose of the present investigation was to test three rival measurement models oj a common measure oj trait communication apprehension, the PRCA-24. The rival models include a linear, unidimensional model, a Guttman simplex, and a second-order factor structure. These models are discussed in terms oj their conceptual implications, their psychometric properties, the empirical evidence needed for their support, and their implications for both prior and subsequent research. To test these models, a nationwide sample of responses to the PRCA-24 (N = 8879) was analyzed. The results oj a variety oj statistical procedures indicate that the second-order factor model best fits the data. This model is consistent with prior conceptual work by i'vlcCroskey (7984a) and was replicated with two additional data sets.


Powerful Directory Services are imperative in large networks to help keep users connected to the people and resources available on the net. This paper surveys previous work to build Internet Directory Services, and presents a set of requirements for the next generation of Directory Service technology. Next, the paper presents an overview of a new standards-track protocol named Whois++. Finally, client software written by the author is presented, and freely available server software is reviewed.


This study examines variations in family socialization practices among Anglo-Americans and Mexican-Americans and the effect of these practices on achievement values, self-concept and educational achievement. Data were collected from 102 junior high school students and their families. The Mexican-Americans studied apparently experienced much less independence training and were granted little autonomy in decision making; they were found to have little confidence in their ability to succeed in school and to be somewhat fatalistic about their future despite the high level of achievement training to which they were exposed in the home. Results also suggest that direct attempts to encourage greater academic effort on the part of the student may actually inhibit academic performance. In contrast, parental independence training results in significant gains in achievement among both groups of students by increasing the student's confidence in coping with his physical and social environment. Such training may be critical among Mexican-American students if they are to perform well in classrooms which require that they work largely on their own initiative.


This paper analyzed the karyotypes of 4 species of triploid poplar. The results were as follows: Populus tomentosa, 2n=3x=57=1 M+31 m+10 sm+15 st; P.×euramericana cv. 'I-214', 2n=3x=57=2 M+33 m(2 SAT)+10 sm(1 SAT)+10 st(3 SAT)+2 t; P. euramericana cv. Wuhei-1, 2n=3x=57=2 M+38 m(4 SAT)+14 sm(2 SAT)+3 st; P. shanhaiguanensis×(P. simonii×P. pyramidalis-12+Ulmus pumila), 2n =3x=57=35 m+(10 sm)(1 SAT)+(10 st)(2 SAT)+2 t(1 SAT). The results of karyotype analysis showed significant differences between species in triploid P. tomentosa and P.×euramericana. This indicated that their geneone structure and origin were different. This study provided valuable reference for the research of origin and evolution of triploid poplar.


In this paper, an A-pillar was selected as an example to investigate the effect of stamping parameters on the parts forming quality of AA5754 sheet. A finite element model was established using commercial stamping software PAMSTAMP2G. Barlat2000 yield function was used to describe yield behavior of the material. Stamping experiment was conducted to validate the reliability of the model. The studied parameters are blankholder force (100-700 KN) and drawbead's geometrical variables, including two fillet radii R1 (8-12 mm), R2 (4-8 mm) and the height of drawbead D (2-6 mm). The central composite experiment design method has been employed to design the simulation matrix. In order to obtain stamped parts with optimal forming quality, response surface methodology was used to establish the relationship between stamping parameters and forming quality (rupture and springback). The non-domination sorting genetic algorithms II (NSGA-II) was adopted to conduct an optimal calculation of the models. A pareto optimal solution set in the solution space was obtained. A reasonable optimized scheme was selected. The optimum blankholder force is found to be 700KN with the drawbead's geometrical parameters R1, R2 and D of 12mm, 6.6mm and 3.8mm, respectively.


The transition to an eco-compatible society is analyzed in terms of causes and reasons. At each time, there is a "vision of nature" made up of knowledge of the causes and knowledge of the reasons. There were successively the "geometrical nature", then the "artificial nature" and today the "sustainable nature". The transition is long-lasting and complex because we have to pass from "artificial nature" to "sustainable nature". The approach is applied to the Information Theory (that is to say, the contribution of information technologies to the transition) and the precautionary principle. In conclusion, the topic of political ecology in the cities is evoked.