Abstract Cadmium(II) chloride complexes of the N-alkylphenothiazine ligands, 1a-e, have been prepared in MeOH/water medium. The compounds were characterized based on their elemental analyses, molar conductivity, magnetic susceptibility, and spectroscopic data. The molecular formulas of the new complexes were found to be: [Cd(CP.HCl)5(H2O)]Cl2, 3, and [Cd2Cl(CP.HCl)7]Cl3.MeOH, 4, where CP = chlorpromazine; [CdCl(L.HCl)2]Cl where L = promethazine (PM), 5, or thioridazine (TR), 6; [Cd(EP.HCl)2]Cl2, 7, where EP = ethopropazine; and [CdCl(TF.2HCl)2]Cl, 8, where TF = trifluoperazine. All compounds are diamagnetic and ionic in nature. Tentative structures for the complexes have been proposed.


Wastewater is one of the byproducts produced by coal mining companies. The wastewater contains suspended particles as well as heavy metals. Various attempts have been made to treat wastewater before it is discharged into the environment. This is done so that the waste water does not damage the environment. One way to do this is to settle suspended particles in wastewater or what is known as TSS (Total Suspended solite) using the coagulation-flocculation method. The coagulant used in this study is alum Al2 (SO4) 3. This research was conducted to determine the optimum dose or level of addition of alum into wastewater. The addition of alum is carried out in different doses, this is adjusted to the volume and discharge of waste water that is flowed to the WMP (Water Monitoring Point). The optimum dose of adding or using alum Al2 (SO4) 3 into WPM is 0.03 g / L for WMP 11, and 0.05 g/L for WMP 13.


We explore the use of non homogenous noise kernels in Gaussian process modelling to improve the potential energy curve models describing stochastic electronic structure data. We use the same noise kernels on energy curves describing deterministic electronic structure data by creating non-homogenous noise model. We observe, as well as agreement between the noise of the model and the stochastic data, a strong regularisation of the curves when using artificial noises on deterministic data which improves Gaussian processes in the over fitting regime.


A repudiation of three common beliefs about foreign direct investment in the United States: that it is the result of the current-account deficit, that it is initiated primarily by the Japanese, and that it will result in the loss of U.S. economic independence.


The article offers travel tips for Singapore in context to nightlife along with recommendations for nightclubs such as Ladies' Night, and artificial beach of Sentosa Island.


ALC-Pr(Ⅲ)-F~- complex can react with bovine serum albumin to produce an electrochemically inactive supermolecule, Pr(Ⅲ)-ALC-F~--BSA, in (CH_2)_6N_4 (pH 4.9) buffer solution. ALC-Pr(Ⅲ)-F~- complex has well-defined first order derivative polarographic wave at -0.66 V (SCE). Adding BSA into the Pr(Ⅲ)-ALC-F~- solution resulted in the decrease of the peak current without the change of peak potential. The decrease of the peak current is proportional to BSA concentration from 1 to 17.5 mg/L. The limit of the detection is 0.3 mg/L, with a correlation coefficient of 0.998. This method can be applied to determine BSA.


Abstract Approaches to aphasia therapy using psycholinguistic models are reviewed. Three models are described: lexical transcoding, lexical retrieval for naming, and sentence production. Examples of therapies derived from each model are cited.


Abstract In 1953 it was suggested that bifurcate-stemmed projectile points might serve as a horizon marker in the southwestern United States. Since then material has been reported which indicates that this is also true for the eastern United States. There are two types of bifurcate-stemmed points: a larger form which may be older than 5000 B.C. and a smaller form which appears to be more recent.


Sound is an example of a mechanical waves, especially longitudinal wave. Using simple experiments involving musical instrument of Gamelan family and Oscope apps in a couple of smartphones, it is useful and possible for students to "see" characteristics of sound waves. This study aimed to: (1) illustrate the nodes-antinodes of standing acoustic waves in musical instrument of the Gamelan; (2) see the forms of sound waves for each Gamelan's instrument; (3) explain relationship between frequency and length; and (4) know about student's response after that learning. This study used experimental method. From this study can be concluded that: (1) the nodes-antinodes standing acoustic waves in musical instrument of the Gamelan can be drawn based on the results of video recording; (2) the form of sound waves for each Gamelan's instrument can be see using the Oscope apps; (3) relationship between frequency and length is inversely proportional; and (4) very good student's response with that learning.


• Although there is a worldwide surge of interest in conservation, many justifications rest on shaky or ephemeral grounds. • Arguments for conservation of biodiversity often include strong ethical or aesthetic components which are superficially attractive but depend on potentially changeable social circumstances. • Economic justifications based on undiscovered potential are susceptible to changing external conditions and so are highly uncertain. • Biodiversity can erect a barrier against super-pathogens and so prevent catastrophic collapses in food security. • Recent developments in extinction theory are being appropriated to underpin spurious justifications for environmental destruction. • The assumption that indigenous peoples will tend to conserve their environment holds true only in specific cases. • Any effective policy response must be on scientific and educational levels. Continued support to hard science, notably taxonomy, remains a priority, as many questions of direct relevance to policy remain unresolved. Without a more informed public, shriller voices will continue to dominate the debate, making it difficult to institutionalise effective conservation.


Abstract : The study of past operations is helpful in defining U.S. Army roles and functions in military operations other than war (OOTW) and in assessing the range of missions and requirements the Army is likely to face in the future. Operation Just Cause (OJC) can be distinguished from subsequent OOTW -- in Kuwait, Iraq, Bangladesh, Bosnia, and Somalia -- in part because it was a unilateral effort that did not involve coalition issues or problems. Nor did the United States have to coordinate its efforts with nongovernment organizations or humanitarian relief organizations. Nevertheless, OJC offers the Army some practical lessons for current and future OOTW: (1) Army training in military operations on urban terrain (MOUT) is inadequate; (2) electronic intelligence is insufficient in OOTW and must be supplemented by human intelligence and imagery; (3) efforts to streamline joint operations must not overlook service-specific needs, and must take care to maximize the use of special operation forces by employing them in the specialized tasks for which they trained; (4) more emphasis is needed on equipment technology for the special requirements of MOUT; (5) planning for OOTW must not overlook or underemphasize stability operations (as was the case in OJC); and (6) civilian agencies (including the State Department and the U.S. Agencies for International Development) must be involved in the planning for most OOTW, but need to develop the capability to offer valuable and timely contributions.


After an examination of the relationship of blocking measurements to other types of lifetime measurements, the technique is discussed, citing typical examples. The analysis of lifetime data is considered using single-string continuum calculations, Monte Carlo simulations, and multistring continuum calculations. Use of the technique in resonance reactions, fission, inelastic scattering, and compound-elastic scattering is illustrated. 21 figures, 3 tables, 72 figures. (SDF)


ABSTRACT Teenage has become a distinct, much talked about, and very important socio-economic group in American society since mid-twentieth century. While the origins of this categorization are embedded in capitalist market forces, the group dynamics have very widespread consequences, and need to be understood in cultural and psychological terms. This article focuses particularly on the pressures and stresses experienced by teenagers who are immigrant minorities from very different cultural backgrounds. A framework of threatened continuity of being, rather than one of separation-individuation, is proposed to explain the impact of cultural dissonance on these adolescents as they struggle to adapt, fit in and belong. Clinical strategies in approaching psychotherapeutic work with these teenagers are also explored.


Air traffic density in India and the world at large is growing fast and posing challenging problems. The problems encountered can be parameterized as flight delay, workload of air traffic controllers and noise levels in and around aerodromes. Prediction and quantification of these parameters aid in developing strategies for efficient air traffic management. In this study, the method used for quantifying is by simulation and analysis of the selected aerodrome and air space. This paper presents the results of simulation of HAL Bangalore International Airport, which is used by civil as well as military aircraft. With the test flying of unscheduled military aircraft and the increase in the civil air traffic, this airport is hitting the limit of acceptable delay. The workload on air traffic controllers is pushed to high during peak times. The noise contour prediction, especially for the test flying military aircraft is sounding a wake up call to the communities living in the vicinity of the Airport.


The development of human factor in order to support the increase of the competitiveness of the manpower involves the existence of an effective system of qualification. This qualification system needs to be developed in accordance with the actual and dynamic requirements of the manpower. Initially, the development of the human factor takes place both in school and in the family. Afterwards, at the same time with the entry of individuals into the labour market, the human capital development happens within the organization in which the individual works, but also through the individual study. Achieving a competitive economy, based on knowledge, involves individuals with a high level of training, which can provide innovative solutions to current technological challenges. This article presents the educational level of the population and its importance in enhancing competitiveness. It is also presented the situation of the expensed regarding the education. The labour market is characterized by high dynamics. A contribution to this dynamic is given by technological advances, by the demographic changes and by the globalization. Entrepreneurial education is becoming more important and has a greater role in terms of competitiveness of an economy. This article presents some aspects on entrepreneurial skills. The skills that individuals have some form of education after graduation will not be sufficient on their careers. It appears as a must need for entrepreneurial skills training and further training throughout life. In this regard, the development of partnerships between organizations and educational institutions is a viable solution.


Gas sensors have received extensive attention because of the gas pollution caused by rapid construction of urbanization and industrialization. Gas sensors based on semiconductor metal oxide (SMO) have the advantages of high response, excellent repeatability, stability, and cost-effectiveness, and have become extremely important components in the gas sensor field. Materials with regular structures and controllable morphology exhibit more consistent and repeatable performance. However, during the process of material synthesis, because of the uncontrollability of the microcosm, nanomaterials often show irregularities, unevenness, and other shortcomings. Thus, the synthesis of gas sensors with well-aligned one-dimensional (1D) structures, two-dimensional (2D) layered structures, and three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical structures has received extensive attention. To obtain regular structured nanomaterials with desired morphologies and dimensions, a template-assisted synthesis method with low cost and controllable process seems a very efficient strategy. In this review, we introduce the morphology and performance of SMO sensors with 1D, 2D, and 3D structures, discuss the impact of a variety of morphologies on gas sensor performance (response and stability), and shed new light on the synthesis of gas sensing materials with stable structure and excellent performance.


Metals and alloys are prerequisites for the function of a modern society, and we are all regularly exposed to these materials in our daily lives. Skin exposure to metals occurs through contact with items made of pure metals or alloys, metal salts, and other compounds. Alloys are special preparations of two or more metals that, in combination, have properties that are essentially different from those of the constituent alloying elements. Metals have a special status as cutaneous allergens: they are very limited in number as compared with organic sensitizers, but they very frequently induce sensitization and dermatitis, mainly as a result of significant consumer and occupational exposure. A metallic surface in contact with sweat may release metal ions, depending on the character of the material and conditions related to exposure, such as pH, temperature, and the presence of salts, ions, proteins, etc. The released metal ions interfere with epidermal proteins through specific chemical bonds or coordination bonds, which are weaker than the covalent bonds observed for organic sensitizers, but still strong enough to trigger the immune system. In contrast to organic sensitizers, metals can be present in different oxidation states, ranging from the metallic zero oxidation level to highly oxidized cations. It should be admitted that, in most cases, we do not know exactly which oxidation state is truly involved in interactions with epidermal proteins, as the oxidation state can be different from that observed in the material in contact with the skin. In light of this fact, it is necessary to point out that the patch test substances generally used for the diagnosis of metal allergy are metal salts in pet., which is an exposure scenario quite different from that in real life.


The preparation technology of metal matrix surface wear-resistant composite was discussed and a new method,which is named electromagnetic induction melting-infiltration method,was proposed.According to the particularity of electromagnetic induction heat,the steel matrix surface composites reinforced by WC ceramic particles were successfully gained.The organization and ingredients in the composite layer,the interfacial structure between WC ceramic particle and the ZG45 steel matrix were analyzed by means of optic microscope,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX) and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The two-body abrasive wear test was performed on the normalized 45 steel and the composites.The experimental results indicate that the thickness of composite-layer is even and the average thickness is greater than 4 mm,that the WC particles in the composite-layer are homogenous.There is an obvious element diffusion in the interface between WC particles and the matrix,and the interface is a perfect metallurgical combination.The hardness test results show that the hardness of composite-layer is improved distinctly,which is 2~3 times of the steel matrix.The two-body abrasive wear performance of the composites is increased significantly,which is 37.6 times of the normalized 45 steel.


A self-report measure of service-mindedness was designed in order to fill in a gap in the literature and evaluate a potential link between spirituality and satisfaction with life. A sample of 133 undergraduate students at a Catholic university in the Mid-west completed the Service-Mindedness Scale (SMS), along with the Spiritual Involvement and Beliefs Scale (SIBS) and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). The sample consisted of 45 males (33.8%) and 88 females (66.2%), whose ages ranged from 18 to 24 (M = 19.03, SD = 1.24). Results indicated that the SMS has strong internal consistency as measured by Cronbach's Alpha (a = .934), and that service-mindedness acts as a significant mediator between spirituality and life satisfaction (W = .111). Implications involve increasing service-oriented motives in Jesuit education programs to further align with spiritual goals and increase student life satisfaction. Keywords: service-mindedness, spirituality, life satisfaction ********** In recent years, service has become increasingly valued and integrated in higher education (Sikula & Sikula, 2005). As early as high school and even middle school, education systems promote service learning and students are taught the value of providing service to others. However, a review of the literature reveals a gap in understanding how people think about service and how engaged they are in providing service. Further, there is currently no measurement of these concepts. Such a measure would be instrumental in helping institutions focus their efforts in providing opportunities for service learning and promoting involvement in providing service. One of the first organizations to incorporate service-related activities into its program is the Jesuit education system. Higher education systems in the Jesuit tradition promote not only the performance of service, but also the contemplation of its importance and role in society. Such institutions often encourage students to collaborate with certain charitable organizations and include a service-learning component in the undergraduate curricula. Therefore, the authors theorize that there are two important constructs regarding service-mindedness: perspective of service and performance of service. Accurate assessment tools for psychological research or intervention are of utmost importance to ensure that outcomes are legitimate. In order for these measures to have the greatest impact, they must demonstrate psychometric strength in terms of both reliability and validity. Thus, the overarching goal of the current study is to create and psychometrically evaluate a scale for the purpose of assessing service-mindedness. There are many ways to approach a psychometric analysis. In terms of evaluating reliability, one method is to focus on the internal stability of the newly drafted scale by calculating the Cronbach's alpha. In order to evaluate validity, one strategy is to focus on the construct validity of the measure by analyzing how the variable interacts with other theoretically related concepts. Research has established a link between spirituality and providing service (Donahue & Nielsen, 2005) and between volunteering and well-being, mental-health, happiness, and longevity (Borgonovi, 2008; Post, 2005; Schwartz, Meisenhelder, Ma, & Reed, 2003). Further, a review of the literature by Kornninos (2009) identifies weaker results regarding the relationship between spirituality and life satisfaction. Due to this and the relevance of these concepts to Jesuit education, spirituality and satisfaction with life were selected as the variables with which to test construct validity. While service has historically been a significant piece of spirituality for Jesuits, many other world religions place similar importance on service and charitable behavior. For the purposes of this study, spirituality is defined as conceptually distinct from religiosity, though the two concepts do somewhat overlap. …


The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support provided for this project by the Korean Government, through the scheme of the National G7 Project. They would also like to Messrs J.Y.Kim and J.H.Lee for their contribution to the experiments.


Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is spreading rapidly throughout the world including Indonesia. The use of herbal medicinal plants has increased since the Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic, one of which is karamunting leaves. The methods used include: Field observations, we recorded the number of residents, their work and the plants that grow in the yard so that they can provide education to the community, especially in the North Landasan Ulin Village, Lianganggang District, Banjarbaru City. The results of the initial observation activities were carried out to look for problems in the community, the problems encountered by the community service team were the lack of public knowledge about plants that have the potential for traditional medicinal properties. Planting in the yard of the house has a characteristic as an herbal medicine. The conclusion from this activity was that education and giving leaflets for karamunting plants received a positive response from the community, after being given materials and leaflets as well as interactive discussions, the community realized the importance of using herbal medicines as an alternative treatment and increasing body immunity.


A new telescope is being developed at GSFC for the study of point sources of gamma rays in the energy range 1-30 MeV. Using the detection principle of a Compton scatter in a 2.5 cm thick NaI(Tl) detector followed by absorption in a 15 cm thick NaI(Tl) detector, the telescope uses a rocking collimator for field-of-view reduction and background subtraction. Background reduction techniques include lead-plastic scintillator shielding, pulse shape discrimination and Anger camera operation to both NaI detectors, as well as a time-of-flight measurement between them. The instrument configuration and status is described.


platform techniques and a Pd matrix modifier. As a result, this technique has been found to be effective in minimizing interference in whole blood analysis without any sample pretreatment. On the other hand, the residue of a whole blood sample and the Pd modifier remaining after asking was something like porous carbon or sintered metal. This finding strongly supports the superiority of the peak-area method over others used in this assay format. Simultaneous direct determinations of Cr, Ni, Mn, and Pb in whole blood can be carried out by applying a combination of rapid heating, platform and Pd matrix modifier techniques.


The 2010 German 4G spectrum auction was an unusually large simultaneous ascending multi‐band auction. The bidding was competitive and the final assignment was efficient. However, our analysis suggests that independent and rational bidders had an opportunity to coordinate implicitly on a low‐revenue outcome. Coordination was difficult, though, because of a multiplicity of focal points. One important focal point involved post‐auction negotiations, posing risks to bidders and the auctioneer. We analyse different bidding scenarios and how post‐auction negotiations can affect values, bidding and efficiency. We also discuss how the simultaneous ascending auction format can be augmented to mitigate the risks.


: This paper describes a computational model for hydraulic analysis of water distribution networks specifically developed to be used with an evolution program (EP) for optimal pressure regulation. The hydraulic solver uses a method based on loop equations, namely, the linear theory method (LTM). Network topology analysis is performed using depth-first-search and breadth-first-search algorithms that are devised to ensure the connectedness of a network and to enable easy identification of loops. The model developed enables rapid evaluation of a network for different topologic conditions (i.e., the connectivity of the nodes caused by different valve settings) as required by the EP. A variable number of LTM iterations throughout the evolution process is used to speed up the search. A sample network problem is used to illustrate the efficiency of both the model for hydraulic analysis and the EP.


Analysis is made of some problems in design and manufacture of RF coaxial cable in consideration of the practical production in cable factories. Measures to solve these problems are recommended. Exploration into trend of the development of RF coaxial cable is also made.


The area of physical quantity processing in recent sensoric applications demands for high accuracy, low distortion, fast response and low power consumption. There are many physical quantities, which could be processed, mainly pressure, temperature, humidity etc. The pressure processing is one of the most important issues for designers. There exist many problems, which have to be solved i.e. how to measure relative and absolute pressure, how to process signal from sensor with low amplitude, how to withdraw noise and parasitics and so on. The pressure is usually measured using capacitive principle (Lee & Wise., 1982), (Chavan & Wise, 2001), (He et al., 2007). The capacitor is formed by measuring membrane and substrate, see Fig. 1. When the pressure is applied, the membrane is deformed and the distance between membrane and substrate changes. It causes the change of capacity, which is processed in next stages.


Adrenoleukodystrophy and its clinical variant adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN) are disorders due to peroxisomal degradation of very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA). Both forms are characterized by CNS involvement and variable involvement of endocrine functions, especially the adrenal cortex. [1] It has been a matter of debate whether adrenocortical insufficiency (Addison's disease) may precede or follow the onset of neurologic symptoms. [2,3]

We evaluated the onset of symptoms of adrenocortical insufficiency and of neurologic symptoms using a questionnaire supported by the German ``Informationsnetzwerk Leukodystrophie, Bonn.'' Items of adrenocortical insufficiency were fatigue, hyperpigmentation, nausea, and vomiting and items of neurologic involvement were muscle weakness, spasticity, and sensory disturbances. The questionnaire was returned by 41 male patients, ranging in age from 18 to 59 years …


Separation of ownership and control in firms creates information asymmetry problems between shareholders and managers that expose shareholders to a variety of agency risks. This paper investigates the extent to which governance attributes that are intended to mitigate agency risk affect firms' cost of equity capital. We examine governance attributes along four dimensions: (1) financial information quality, (2) ownership structure, (3) shareholder rights, and (4) board structure. We find that firms reporting larger abnormal accruals and less transparent earnings have a higher cost of equity, whereas firms with more independent audit committees have a lower cost of equity. We also find that firms with a greater proportion of their shares held by activist institutions receive a lower cost of equity, whereas firms with more blockholders have a higher cost of equity. Moreover, we find a negative relation between the cost of equity and the independence of the board and the percentage of the board that owns stock. Collectively, the governance attributes we examine explain roughly 8% of the cross-sectional variation in firms' cost of capital and 14 % of the variation in firms' beta. The results support the general hypothesis that firms with better governance present less agency risk to shareholders resulting in lower cost of equity capital.


* From the Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, W. Va. † Associate Professor of Pediatrics. ‡ Associate Professor of Pathology. The Taussig-Bing malformation' , is a double outlet right ventricle with large subpulmonary ventricular septal defect. Coarctation of the aorta as an associated lesion has not been previously emphasized, particularly in relation to its incidence and its effect on morbidity. Our aim in this communication is to describe the clinical, hemodynamic, pathologic and surgical aspects of two patients who presented with coarctation of the aorta in association with double outlet right ventricle and to point out the complexity of surgical repair in these patients.


In this paper, a novel adaptive integral sliding mode control (AISMC) scheme based on radial basis function network (RBFN) for bidirectional isolated dual active bridge (DAB) converter is proposed to enhance the robustness to system uncertainty and load variance. Firstly, a dynamic model of DAB converter is constructed. Secondly, to save the current sensor cost, a RBFN is utilized to approximate the model uncertainty and load variance. In addition, an adaptive law is designed to adjust the weight vector of RBFN for maintaining the control system in asymptotically stable. Finally, compared with non-integral sliding mode control (NSMC), simulation experimental results verify the robustness and transient response improvement of the proposed AISMC strategy.


ne of the most fundamental axioms of the analysis of market economies is that property rights are well-defined. These rights are taken to be assigned by law and to be enforced by the legal system. In this paper, we contend that legal and phil- osophical approaches to the specification of property rights—specifically Locke's labor theory and the doctrine of first possession—codify what has been built into human nature by evolution, that the sense of ownership of property is hardwired into the human psyche and precedes and underlies the advent of formal legal institutions. We provide a theory of how natural selection may plausibly have shaped an innate sense of property rights by showing, in a formal evolutionary model, why effort or labor expended on an object may lead to an innate psychological claim over the object as property. Natural selection hardwires stronger preference for the object in the person who bestowed effort on it than in an interloper who seeks to appropriate it. This hardwiring of asymmetric valuations of the object results in the producer being willing to expend more effort defending his claim relative to the nonproducer in a contest between them over the object.


Studies of drafting force in the front drafting zone of the Saco-Lowell MagneCradle 17-B and Tru-Set drafting systems indicate that the MagneCradle 17-B, which uses higher roll pressure, has a greater tolerance for high roving twist, but this theory has not been tested in spinning. In both drafting systems, drafting force increases sharply in the high-force region where occasional hard ends begin to appear in the front roll delivery at a higher roving twist level in the Magne Cradle than in the Tru-Set system. Increasing break draft decreases drafting-force sensitivity to the effects of cradle opening and increases sensitivity to drafting failure, but drafting failure occurs at a higher roving twist level for the higher break draft. A series of yarn spinning studies with a wide range of yarn size shows that drafting force for minimum spinning end breakage decreases nonlinearly as yarn number is increased. Spinning tests show that increasing roving twist multiplier to 1.5 in medium-staple carded roving normally causes reduced spinning performance for the Tru-Set and MagneCradle 17-B systems, and the level of drafting force required to minimize the spinning end breakage is higher for the higher roving twist.


To the Editor: We congratulate Patnaik et al 1 on their study comparing paravertebral block (PVB) by anatomic landmark technique (ALT) to ultrasound guidance (USG) for anesthesia during awake breast surgery. This is the first article we have seen that directly compares the 2 methods, and we were eager to see your results. The results closely mirrored our own observations in clinical practice, particularly your findings that USGPVBs resulted in significantly more successful blocks (94.44% vs 72.22%), more blocked segments, and a longer time to first postoperative dose of analgesia (502.5 vs 377.5 minutes) than ALT. In light of this compelling data demonstrating the superiority of USG PVBs, is it time we abandon landmark technique in this setting? It is, however, interesting to note that patients in the USG group required more intraoperative analgesia and sedation during procedures involving the supramammary area than ALT. Supraclavicular nerves arising from the cervical plexus cross the clavicle and innervate the skin inferior to the clavicle and potentially the supramammary area of the breast. It is unclear why this should lead to a significant difference in analgesic requirements between USG and ALT as PVBs do not cover this area. Why do the authors think that patients in the USG group required more analgesia than those in the ALT group? It is therefore worth considering routine additional superior cervical plexus block or local infiltration by the surgeon for procedures in the supramammary area. We noted that the USG technique in this setting had a 5.5% (2/36) pleural puncture rate that seems disproportionately high for an ultrasound-guided block. How was pleural puncture diagnosed, seeing as none of the patients with pleural puncture went on to develop a pneumothorax? Could this higher rate of pleural puncture be reduced by performing a single-level PVB? A singleinjection PVB provides equal dermatomal distribution and duration of analgesia, as well as taking less time to perform, therefore minimizing patient discomfort.


The migrant worker shortage has gradually become the hot topic concerned by the society.Generally,the migrant worker shortage phenomenon is the result of national and regional economic layout readjustment,urban-rural dual structure constraints,the enterprise deviation concept,as well as the low quality of migrant workers.The settlement of the migrant worker shortage can improve the income distribution pattern and shorten the income gap between urban and rural residents and protect the rights and interests of migrant workers and form new interpersonal relationship and help the harmonious development of regional economy and the urbanization orderly.In order to effectively dispel the migrant worker shortage problem,it should give full play to the guiding role of government at all levels and change enterprise development mode and employment concept,and improve the quality and the interest expression mechanism of migrant workers.


The aim of this study is to perform a pharmacognostic and phytochemical investigation with the characterization of the isolated compounds in the roots of Trichodesma indicum R. Br. In the isolation of the compounds from petroleum ether and benzene extracts of the roots of Trichodesma indicum, the presence of phytosterol compounds in the petroleum ether extracts was identified. The column chromatography yielded three compounds, namely A, B, and C, in the petroleum ether extract and three compounds, namely D, E, and F, in the benzene extracts. These compounds were characterized by UV, NMR, and IR spectra, along with their physical parameters, and identified as phytosterols. It was found that the root extract showed the presence of various constituents in this study of successive solvent extraction. Petroleum ether and benzene extracts were found to contain fixed oils and lipids. The ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of the roots of Trichodesma indicum proved the presence of flavonoids and phenolic compounds. Trichodesma indicum has a very good antioxidant effect due to the presence of phytosterols and phenolic compounds, which can be supportive of boosting immune supplements.


inimum balance fees, non-bank ATM fees, lost card fees and debit transaction fees. These are just some of the charges that banks have subjected consumers to over the years. While these fees are something most consumers have likely been charged, they are often avoidable, and usually never amount to more than a few dollars. However, these numerous small fees ultimately accumulate to large amounts of revenue for banks that charge a few dollars here and there to millions of consumers. Recently, some banks announced that they would substantially expand this practice. Most notably, in late September 2011, Bank of America announced that, beginning in 2012, it planned to charge its customers $5 per month to maintain their debit card accounts. This proposed fee would have applied to all customers who made at least one monthly purchase with their debit card, regardless of whether they chose "debit" or "credit" at the point of sale. Bank of America is not the only bank that explored such new fees. Both JPMorgan Chase Bank ("Chase") and Wells Fargo Bank have experimented with new fees in limited markets. Many of these banks believe charging such fees is necessary to recoup profits lost due to the recent restrictions on merchant point of sale fees instituted in the Dodd-Frank Act (the "Act"). A monthly across-the-board fee


The study contrasted and analyzed magnetic susceptibility data obtained by well logging and core measurements from 100 to 2,000 m in the main hole of Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling(CCSD),the results were coherent.The statistical results of ultra-high pressure(UHP) metamorphic rocks' logging susceptibility indicated that the susceptibility became low gradually from serpentinite to quartz eclogite,rutile-bearing eclogite,orthogneiss,retrograded eclogite,phengite eclogite,paragneiss,chlorite amphibolite and amphibolite.Magnetic anomaly △B_(Z)、△B_(H) and △B_(T) were computed from the data of tricomponent magnetic survey from 100 to 2,000 m in CCSD main hole.(According) to the previous petrologic research,it was shown that the magnetic anomaly in 530575 m was induced by magnetite,rutile,titano-magnetite,and the magnetic anomalies in 610640 m and 655680 m were induced by serpentinized peridotite,and that magnetic anomalies were dominated mainly by rock's susceptibility,and rocks which had high susceptibility displayed clear anomalies in the borehole.


The aim of the present study was to investigate the involvement of oxidative stress in acute lung injury (ALI) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and its effects upon cell structure, function and inflammation. In total, 108 male C57BL/6 mice were divided into seven groups: CTR Group (50 µL of saline) administered intratracheally (i.t.), LPS 6 h (10 µg of LPS − i.t.), LPS 12 h (10 µg of LPS − i.t.), LPS 24 h (10 µg of LPS − i.t.), LPS 48 h (10 µg of LPS − i.t.), LPS 24 h (10 µg − i.t.) + NAC 40 mg/kg (gavage) and 24 h LPS (10 µg − i.t.) + NAC 100 mg/kg (gavage). The antioxidant treatment protected the lungs from stress in the first 12 h, but significant oxidative stress induction was observed at the 24-hour time point, and, after 48 h, there was no protection exerted by the antioxidant treatment. NAC (N-acetylcysteine) reversed the elastance parameters, and ΔP1 and ΔP2 compared with 24 h LPS alone. NAC reduced the number of inflammatory cells in histology analysis when compared with the 24 h LPS alone-treated group. NAC also inhibited the transcription of NFκB, IL-6, TNF-α and COX2 usually induced by LPS. Our results suggest that oxidative stress plays an important role in structural, functional and inflammatory responses in the ALI model.


Besides solid factors as production technology,other factors affecting fuel cost of power plant are mainly as follows;generated electrical energy,thermal value of fuel,standard coal consumption,fuel price,and so on.In practical production,the effects of various factors on cost are interlaced,so quantitative analysis on the fuel cost is necessary.The quantitative analysis on the various factors affecting fuel cost was discussed with the method of concatenated substitution.


Rhabdomyolysis is a severe clinical syndrome that occurs when damaged striated muscles break down and intracellular muscle components leak into the blood. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is the most common complication of rhabdomyolysis. Rhabdomyolysis patients with AKI have been shown to exhibit a higher mortality rate than those without AKI. Moreover, AKI has been reported to be an independent predictor of mortality in rhabdomyolysis. Therefore, early identification of rhabdomyolysis patients with AKI or those at a high risk of developing AKI is necessary to initiate aggressive therapeutic interventions.


E-mail: email@example.com October 26, 2011, Accepted November 18, 2011Key Words : Organic dye, 2-Ethylhexyloxy, Absorption spectra, HOMO-LUMO, AggregationDye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have been classified asone of the most promising candidates for widespread solarenergy utilization owing to their low cost and relatively highphoton to electric current conversion efficiencies (η).


Human Resource Management is one of the areas of general management covering aspects of planning, organizing, implementing, and controlling. The purpose of this research is to know the style of leadership, compensation, and work discipline influence partially or simultaneously. This research was conducted on 75 respondents of Kaliwungu Village Office Official of Tempeh Sub-district of Lumajang Regency. Technical analysis of data used in this research is technical analysis of multiple linear regression. The results of the first variables showed that the leadership style did not significantly affect the performance of employees. The result of the second variables research shows that compensation has no significant effect on employee performance. While the result of third variable research indicate that work discipline has a significant effect on employee performance. The leadership style, compensation, and work discipline simultaneously have a significant effect on the performance of the employees of the Kaliwungu Village Office in Tempeh District, Lumajang District. Based on the coefficient of determination (R2) obtained by 0.214. This means 21.4% of employee performance can be explained by independent variable that is leadership style, compensation, and work discipline, while the rest 78,6% employee performance influenced by other variables not examined in this research for example, work motivation, environment work, job stress, and others.


: Education develop the ability and build character and also great dignity of our nation as an effort to educated of our nation. Education in school is not only associated with the efforts of mastery in the academic field, but must be balanced with the formation of character, which include aspect of attitude, behavior, so that it can make the students as human beings who are aware, brainy and greatakhlaq.The generation of a great akhlaq to be one of the main objectives in the national education goals. Through the character education students are expected to independently increase and use their knowledge, assess and internalize character values and morals so manifest in everyday behavior. The fact is crisis of character and great akhlaq of students in the world of education is increasingly improved so, need several solutions to reduce the point of problem. A wide variety of methods used to help overcome these problems, as well as improving aspects of character education in elementary school, such as is ummi method. This methods can improve the character and great akhlaq the sudents in elementary school.


Plant landscape space in Pearl River Park of Guangzhou was used as the research subject in this article and their spatial distribution in the entire park have been researched, including the landscaping characteristics and plant constitution of four kinds of space formed by landscape plants within the park, which were open space, semi-open space, covered space and vertical space. This article attempted to get rid of the landscape plants as the main aesthetic subject of statically ornamental pattern, and for the real purpose of landscape construction, proposed that landscape plants should be changed from a supporting role of decoratively planting to the protagonist of spatial construction, that is, creating a comfortable environment and recreation areas.


An architectural construct is a synthetic material that includes a matrix characterization of different crystals. An architectural construct can be configured as a solid mass or as parallel layers that can be on a nano-, micro-, and macro-scale. Its configuration can determine its behavior and functionality under a variety of conditions. Implementations of an architectural construct can include its use as a substrate, sacrificial construct, carrier, filter, sensor, additive, and catalyst for other molecules, compounds, and substances, or may also include a means to store energy and generate power.


The intention of this study was to compare the different parts of Tunisian Ferula communis via their fatty acids, essential oils and phenolic compounds. Results showed that the lipid fraction of fruits and leaves was characterized by the predominance of oleic acid. Erucic and linoleic acids were the most abundant in stems while linoleic and palmitic acids in flowers. F. communis essential oils were defined by four chemotypes, namely isoshyobunone/6-tert-butyl-4-methylcoumarin in stems; α-eudesmol/caryophyllene oxide in leaves; caryophyllene/myrcene in flowers and α-gurjunene/hexadecanoic acid in fruits. So, oxygenated sesquiterpenes and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons represented the major classes of stem essential oil. Monoterpene hydrocarbons were the predominant classes of leaves and flowers. Fruit essential oil was predominated by sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. Resorcinol and ferulic acid were the main phenolic compounds in flowers but chlorogenic and ferulic acides in leaves. Stems were rich in ferulic acid and quercetin while leaves in coumarin and tannic acid. Besides to the high variability among F. communis parts, this plant contained high amounts of bioactive compounds with various health benefits attributed to their antioxidant potential.


Objective To study the relationship of carotid arteries atherosclerosis stenosis and serum uric acid(UA) in patients with diabetes mellitus. Method One hundred and forty two patients were examined by color Doppler ultrasonography to detect carotid arteries atherosclerosis stenosis, and in the mean time,the serum UA was measured.These patients were divided into five groups according to the results of carotid arteries atherosclerosis stenosis.The relationships between the varying degrees of carotid atherosclerotic stenosis with serum UA were assessed,and all the data were undergone statistical analysis. Result The serum UA levels:carotid intima thickened group(282±52) μmol/L;carotid atheromatous plaques group(309±50) μmol/L;mild senosis group(335±50) μmol/L; middling stenosis group(363±48) μmol/L;high grade stenosis group(393±48) μmol/L;There were significant differences among them(P 0.05 or P 0.01 ).Linear correlation analysis showed the serum UA levels were significantly positive related to the carotid arteries atherosclerosis stenosis(r= 0.893 , P 0.05 ).Conclusions There is a positively relationship between carotid arteries atherosclerosis stenosis and UA in patients with diabetes mellitus.


With help of MEMS technology a new approach was created for the realization of an on-chip Wobbeindex
metering solution. The use of MEMS technology for a metering solution gives a reduction in size
and costs which can be a huge benefit for the (bio-)gas industry. The metering solution requires the
integration of two devices: the micro-coriolis flow sensor and a calorific measurement sensor. The goal
of this project was to do a feasibility study for a proof-of-concept of an on-chip calorific sensor which
can be integrated with the existing micro-coriolis flow sensor. There were two chips designed with in
total seven variations to study the behaviour of combustion inside the chip. A measurement set-up
was realized which provides a flexible test-environment for the characterisation of the chip. The project
delivered two new process flows: using Dupont MX5020 polymer foil for lithography on structured
surfaces and applying platinum on silicon-rich nitride without an adhesion layer for high temperature
micro-heaters. All the problems which were encountered during the processing were solvable and led
to alternative solutions for future processing. The production in the cleanroom was not finished due
to time constraints and unforeseen circumstances which did not enable us to characterize the calorific
sensor. Creating a calorific sensor is deemed feasible and with the developed process-flow an integration
can be realized of the calorific sensor and the micro-coriolis sensor into one device: the wobbe-meter.


ABSTRACTWide ranging reviews of university library organization were conducted in 1987 in London, Oxford and Tasmania. Among the issues addressed were administrative control of branches, automation, and cuts in funds for staff and resources. The implications are that as resources are becoming scarcer, librarians will need to adopt more forceful attitudes.


All rights reserved by www.ijsrd.com 217 Reuse of Textile and Tannery Sludge in Concrete Fine Aggregates Dr.N.Vasudevan M.P.Raj Centre for Environmental Studies, Anna University, Chennai-25, India Abstract— In the present study the effect of addition of textile sludge and tannery sludge as sand replacement material in the concrete blocks. In this study, control concrete blocks are made using ordinary Portland cement (M-53 grade). Textile and tannery sludge as industrial wastes used in this project contains some heavy metals which are hazardous in nature. So, the present study was to examine the utilization of textile sludge along with tannery sludge in the production of concrete blocks. An experimental study was designed to find the compressive strength of blocks at periodic intervals of 7 days and 28 days according to the testing standard. The results of the study will be helpful not only in reuse of waste as resource but also to reduce the impact due to disposal of tannery & textile sludge's. Accordingly the design mix was made for M15 grade concrete and testing was performed by means of compression testing machine (CTM). It was found that optimum results are obtained at 15 % replacement of both textile and tannery sludge and also 20% replacement of textile sludge only.


We present a polynomial-time approximation scheme (PTAS) for the min-max multiple TSP problem in Euclidean space, where multiple traveling salesmen are tasked with visiting a set of $n$ points and the objective is to minimize the maximum tour length. For an arbitrary $\varepsilon>0$, our PTAS achieves a $(1 + \varepsilon)$-approximation in time $O \big(n ((1/\varepsilon) \log (n/\varepsilon))^{O(1/\varepsilon)} \big)$. Our approach extends Sanjeev Arora's dynamic-programming (DP) PTAS for the Euclidean TSP (https://doi.org/10.1145/290179.290180). Our algorithm introduces a rounding process to balance the allocation of path lengths among the multiple salesman. We analyze the accumulation of error in the DP to prove that the solution is a $(1 + \varepsilon)$-approximation.


The influence of stress- and strain-controlled loading on microstructure and cyclic plastic behaviour of ultrafine-grained copper prepared by equal channel angular pressing was examined. The stability of microstructure is a characteristic feature for stress-controlled test whereas grain coarsening and development of bimodal structure was observed after plastic strain-controlled tests. An attempt to explain the observed behaviour was made.


Geese could intake high crude fiber(CF) forage to sustain growth.The degree of forage grass maturity,CF component,CF source,CF level,the breed of geese and days of age could lead to the differences in fiber availability.The geese digestion and utilization of CF and the factors affecting fiber availability of CF in geese were reviewed in this article.


Guiding and controlling aircraft within an airport is a decision-making process based on safety and efficiency in a highly dynamic and stochastic environment. Currently, many airports rely on manual monitoring and command to provide appropriate taxiing paths for aircraft. With the increasing complexity of airport structures and flight volumes, there is a need for an algorithm that can autonomously search for the shortest taxiing paths while satisfying the specific taxiing regulations and maintaining safe separations between aircraft in a dynamic scenario. We propose an improved approach based on the Q-Learning algorithm, a reinforcement learning method, to provide taxiing path guidance for aircraft. The Q-Learning algorithm exhibits adaptability in dynamic and stochastic environments. However, the traditional Q-Learning algorithm lacks the iteration stability and computational efficiency required in high-dynamic scenarios, and the shortest paths found often fail to meet the requirements due to the specific regulations of airport control. We first make three improvements to the Q-Learning algorithm to address these challenges. These improvements include optimizing Q-table exploration, resetting initial Q-table values, and introducing a dynamic exploration factor to enhance the algorithm's computational efficiency and accuracy. We also incorporate conflict avoidance strategies related to civil aviation regulations to ensure that the final path adheres to airport control regulations. Finally, we validate the fused and improved algorithm in a gridded airport environment model. Compared to traditional methods, the results demonstrate that the improved algorithm provides more efficient taxiing guidance for aircraft while ensuring operational safety. Furthermore, the algorithm strategically avoids conflicts with other moving aircraft, thereby increasing the utilization of airport taxiing resources.


Pyrenochaeta parasitica spec. nov., the conidial stage of Herpotrichia parasitica (Hartig) E. Rostrup (= Trichosphaeria parasitica Hartig). This study contributes to the systematic position of the fungus Herpotrichia parasitica (Hartig) E. Rostrup, found on the needles of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) and describes its Pyrenochaeta conidial stage.


Ther ridge design of Wuxi traiditional architecture is a significant element that shape the characteristic of Wuxi's traditional street. Based on research and analysis, it has examined the main ridge which illustrates the basic shape andf changes of Wuxi's traditional architecture. It explains how Wuxi's traditional architecture inherit the traditional architecture, that is,"make the best use of everything, efficiency first".


*A literature synthesis is an academically rigorous analysis of all the available scientific literature on a specific topic. Reviewers use internationally accepted tools to rate each article according to specific criteria. These include the type of study (randomized controlled trial, case series, etc), the quality of the study, size of the study and many other factors which influence the credibility and strength of the study's conclusions. Each reviewer independently rates all the available articles, and the ratings are compared among the members of the review team. When there is disagreement among the reviewers regarding the conclusions, a formal consensus process is followed to arrive at an overall conclusion upon which all reviewers can agree. The resulting conclusions do not represent the reviewers' own beliefs but rather what the literature actually supports. A literature synthesis is a starting point. It indicates only what we can conclude with supportable, scientific evidence. Appropriate therapeutic approaches will consider the literature synthesis as well as clinical experience, coupled with patient preferences in determining the most appropriate course of care for a specific patient.


AIM
The immediate and long-term results of balloon mitral commissurotomy (BMC) during pregnancy were evaluated in patients and in their babies looking for radiation side effects.

METHODS AND RESULTS
Sixty one patients (mean age: 28.5+/-5.0 years) had BMC at a mean age of gestation of 26.8+/-5.5 weeks. The procedure was successful in all patients except in one who had a severe mitral regurgitation and subsequent mitral valve replacement (MVR). All patients delivered at term vaginally in 58 (95.1%) cases. There was only one death in a patient who delivered at home. At a mean follow-up of 66.8+/-36.0 months, 4 patients had MVR, the remaining were in NYHA class I/II. Restenosis was found in 4 (7.2%) patients. The 63 babies (two gemellar pregnancies) had a normal weight of birth except of one case of hypotrophy. At a mean follow-up of 64.5+/-32.5 months, two babies died, 1 had hypotrophy, 2 had microcephaly, 8 had an IQ < 70 but none had a severe mental retardation (IQ <34). None of these events were radiation related.

CONCLUSION
BMC is the procedure of choice in pregnant patients with mitral stenosis. No late radiation side effects were observed in children but longer follow-up is required.


User interactions with visualization systems have been shown to encode a great deal of information about the the users' thinking processes, and analyzing their interaction trails can teach us more about the users, their approach, and how they arrived at insights. This deeper understanding is critical to improving their experience and outcomes, and there are tools available to visualize logs of interactions. It can be difficult to determine the structurally interesting parts of interaction data, though, like what set of button clicks constitutes an action that matters. In the case of visual analytics systems that use machine learning models, there is a convenient marker of when the user has significantly altered the state of the system via interaction: when the model is updated based on new information. We present a method for numerical analytic provenance using high-dimensional visualization to show and compare the trails of these sequences of model states of the system. We evaluate this approach with a prototype tool, ModelSpace, applied to two case studies on experimental data from model-steering visual analytics tools. ModelSpace reveals individual user's progress, the relationships between their paths, and the characteristics of certain regions of the space of possible models.


In order to increase the safety for children, with help of a higher degree of control and routine during school transport, an EU-project, SAFEWAY2SCHOOL1, started in 2010. This project aims to take the previous study, made in 2008 in Kristianstad, a step further and highlight and enhance the technological aspects of different subsystems in order to achieve a system even more useful. Within the project evaluation of a holistic concept will be done, one of them in the Swedish municipality Örnsköldsvik. In total five buses will be equipped with technical safety solutions. Communication between the system and children will be solved by children wearing a tag that transmit information to the bus unit, making it possible for the system and the driver to know if the child is on their way to the bus. The tag will also be connected to a bus stop unit, warning passing drivers. This system will handle, safe route planning, rerouting of routes, school bus position tracking and monitoring, safety enhancement applications for bus drivers, warning systems for surrounding vehicles and training schemes for school bus drivers. The evaluation will focus on usefulness, effectiveness, acceptance in a user perspective. In addition socio-economic analysis will be done.


The aim of this first symposium on strain-based design of pipelines was to bring together a multidisciplinary group of industry experts to discuss the challenges of designing pipelines subjected to high strain. The symposium included nearly fifty presentations and comprehensive proceedings covering all aspects of strain-based design. This review summarizes the key themes of the symposium including projects, design, mechanics, assessments, materials, and testing. The work presented at the symposium shows the broad range of efforts underway to address the challenges of strain-based design of pipelines as well as the work remaining to be completed to have an industry-wide consistent solution. Rather than simply providing a compilation of these various studies, this review aims to assess the work within each topical area collectively. This assessment of the state of the art and remaining challenges from the symposium will serve as a backdrop for the Second (2008) ISOPE Strain-Based Design Symposium.


An isotropic Mie resonance-based metamaterial perfect absorber with near unity absorbance is experimentally and numerically demonstrated. The metamaterial is constructed with an array of dielectric cubes and a metallic ground plane. The absorption peak of the metamaterial perfect absorber is dependent on the permittivity and the side length of the dielectric cubes. A good agreement between experimental and simulated result at X band absorption is achieved.


The recent world recession-some might even call it has been sweeping through developing countries since T a depression-is testing the vitality of urban poliWorld War 1I will be sustained through the end of this cies in developing countries. One is reminded of Dickcentury. Second, there are significant quantitative difens's Tale of Two Cities: "It was the best of times, it was ferences between contemporary urbanization in dethe worst of times." On the one hand, the pressures to veloping countries and the historical patterns observed move the economy again, to confront the problems of for today's advanced economies. Third, the policy probsluggish exports, and to lower high unemployment lems encountered in developed countries have clearly rates, together with the lack of government resources been diverging from those of developing countries. Simfor state and local investments, make it the worst of ple extrapolations of past trends in developed countries times for urban development policies. On the other will be of limited value for the formulation of urban hand, it is generally in periods of strain or crisis that the policies for developing countries. significance of the urban sector for the national economy is most truly appreciated. Austerity is forcing peoThe Main Characteristics of Urbanization ple to rethink the fundamental issues of urban developDevMam Conries ment and the types of policies that can be most fruitfully in Developing Countres pursued. This may be the best of times to review policy There were approximately 800 million people in 1750, priorities and to look for robust solutions to urban about 1.3 billion by 1850, 2.5 billion by 1950, and over problems. 3.6 billion in 1970; there will be between 6.2 and 6.5 Before the prospects for urban development policies billion people by 2000. Most of this population growth is are outlined, some questions must be answered. What taking place in developing countries. For instance, the are the characteristics of policies toward urbanization 1982 census shows that the population of China is more and the policy tools that have been used in developing than 1 billion and is growing by 17 million a year. These countries? What rationales are given for those policies? demographic changes have been associated with a rapid What do we know about the effects and effectiveness of redistribution of population from rural to urban areas policies? Without answers to such questions it is not and a significant shift in the proportion of the urban possible to examine properly the future direction of population that lives in large or very large cities. Before urban development policies. 1850 no country was predominantly urban, and in 1900 only the British population was more than 50 percent urban. By 1920, 14 percent of world population was Basic Trends in Urban Policy urban. Now that proportion is close to 40 percent, and it is anticipated that by 2000 half of the world's population The forces that shape urbanization and urban policies will be urban. The urban areas of developing countries in developing countries can be summarized in three absorbed about 600 million people between 1950 and broad propositions. First, the wave of urbanization that 1980. During the final quarter of this century there are


Inthepaper (1)itwaspresented ability oftheMethodofAuxiliary Sources (MAS)todeal withcomplex -chiral orbiisotropic materials efficiently inorder tobuild somePhotonic BandGape(EBG)based devices andintegrate circuits. Inthis paperwe discuss farther investigations results ofcomputer simulation EBG devices based onordinary dielectric aswellasexperimental design ofsomesimple devices andcomparison results ofsimulation with measurements. Introduction. Modemtechniques associated withmicrowave engineering are assuming advancing inhigh-speed electronics. Thesuccessful engineering realization ofhigh-frequency components isstrongly dependent onnumerical experiment. Two-dimensional photonic crystals areefficient ascoreelements of integral microcircuit forhigh-frequency control Thenumerical experiment provides ability todesign such EBG-based devices aswaveguides, filters, mixers, dividers, andcirculators. Thewhole ofthemareproved tobeefficient forhigh- frequency excitation control. MASalgorithm fornumerical solution ofthefields iswritten forwideclass ofproblems -bothinterior problems suchasobtaining fields inwaveguides andcavities andexterior problems solving forfields scattered orradiated fromstructures.


Sandwich samples of the type (Au–CdPc–Al) have been fabricated by successive vacuum deposition of gold (Au), cadmium phthalocyanine (CdPc), and aluminium (Al) thin films on glass substrates. Good rectification properties have been observed in the device. Ohmic conduction in the lower voltage range has been identified from the forward bias current density-voltage characteristics at room temperature. At higher voltages, a space charge limited conductivity (SCLC) controlled by an exponential trapping distribution above the valence band edge has been observed. The transport properties of the material at ambient temperature have been obtained from an analysis of the samples in the SCLC region. Schottky emission has been identified at lower voltages from the analysis of the reverse bias characteristics.


Regress arguments have had a long and influential history within the philosophy of mind and the cognitive sciences. They are especially commonplace as a bulwark against representational or intentional theories of psychological capacities. For instance, arguments of this sort played a prominent role in debates concerning the theory of transformational grammar ( Chomsky, 1969a ; 1969b; Harman, 1967 , 1969 ), the language of thought hypothesis ( Fodor, 1975 , 1987 ; Laurence & Margolis, 1997 ), the massive modularity hypothesis ( Fodor, 2000 ; Collins, 2005 ), and intentional accounts of intelligent activity quite broadly ( Ryle, 1949 ; Fodor, 1968 ; Dennett, 1978 ). Typically, the regress is presented as one horn of a dilemma:


SYNOPSIS The properties of ferrite granules are influenced by the characteristics of their precursors; powders and slurries. The properties of granules have a marked effect on the compaction behaviors and microstructures. The plastic viscosity and Bingham yield point of the slurry mixed with dry-milled powders were higher than that with wetmilled powders. The granules produced by dry-milled powders contained large pores, but the granule density was high. The density of the green body produced by dry-milled powders increases at lower compacting pressures. The sintered body produced by dry-milled powders showed lower density because numerous large defects retained.


Future planetary missions will require advanced, smart, low resource payloads and satellites to enable the exploration of our solar system in a more frequent, timely and multi-mission manner. A viable route towards low resource science instrumentation is the concept of Highly Integrated Payload Suites (HIPS), which was introduced during the re-assessment of the payload of the BepiColombo (BC) Mercury Planetary Orbiter (MPO). Considerable mass and power savings were demonstrated throughout the instrumentation by improved definition of the instrument design, a higher level of integration, and identification of resource drivers. The higher integration and associated synergy effects permitted optimisation of the payload performance at minimum investment while still meeting the demanding science requirements. For the specific example of the BepiColombo MPO, the mass reduction by designing the instruments towards a Highly Integrated Payload Suite was found to be about 60%. This has endorsed the acceptance of a number of additional instruments as core payload of the BC MPO thereby enhancing the scientific return. This promising strategic approach and concept is now applied to a set of planetary mission studies for future exploration of the solar system. Innovative technologies, miniaturised electronics and advanced remote sensing technologies are the baseline for a generic approach to payload integration, which is here investigated also in the context of largely differing mission requirements. A review of the approach and the implications to the generic concept as found from the applications to the mission studies are presented.


Aiming at the importance of building energy saving, the author commences on aspects of encouragement policy,standard formulation,propaganda extension,energy saving research and energy saving products,provides suggestions of developing building energy saving work at home,so as to promote development of the building energy saving continuously.


In the food industry, a critical step concerns the quality control of the products to determine the level of the different chemical compounds. Indeed, as more and more people over the world are subject to food allergies and/or restrictive regimes, it is essential to control the food quality and to characterize the compounds. One of the main consumer and critical products in the market is milk. Milk is an important source of allergies and its composition must be monitored especially in case of restrictive regimes due to its richness. Milk can be characterized by using a combination of Particle Size Analysis, Raman spectroscopy and Fluorescence spectroscopy. Each of these techniques provides information about milk chemical composition such as fatty acid, vitamins, etc.


The present invention can be inserted into the body of a human or animal, to a medical device including a mechanism that includes at least one bar-like body formed body having a low electrical conductivity to the matrix material and non-metallic filaments. The medical device comprises an MR markers, or that the rod-shaped body is doped with an X- ray marker particles, characterized in that the apparatus body comprises an active MR markers change in surface area.


Chapter 1 Equity And Trusts - An Overview Chapter 2 The Trust And Other Concepts Chapter 3 The Three Certainties Chapter 4 Constitution And Formalities Chapter 5 The Beneficiary Principle And Non-Charitable Purpose Trusts Chapter 6 Secret Trusts Chapter 7 Charities Chapter 8 Implied Trusts Chapter 9 Fiduciary Duties And Conflicts Of Interest Chapter 10 Control Of Trustees Chapter 11 Duties Of Trustees Chapter 12 Powers Of Trustees Chapter 13 Variation Of Trusts Chapter 14 Breach Of Trust And Remedies Chapter 15 Equitable Remedies


This paper is concerned with the properties of estimators in O(n,p),the n/spl times/p orthogonal matrices. It is shown that it is natural to introduce the notion of a parallel estimator where the expected value of the estimator must lie in normal space (orthogonal complement of tangent space) of O(n,p) at the true value. An appropriate measure of variance, referred to as divergence, is introduced for a parallel estimator and a Cramer-Rao (CR) type bound is then established for the divergence. The well-known Fisher-von Mises matrix distribution is often used to model random behavior on O(n,p) and depends on parameters /spl Theta//spl isin/O(n,p) and H a p/spl times/p symmetric matrix. The bound for this distribution is calculated for the case n=p=3 and the divergence of the maximum-likelihood estimator (MLE) of /spl Theta/ is estimated by simulation. The bound is shown to be tight over a wide range of H.


A test scenario is a finite sequence of tests occurring in some particular order. There exist many event based test scenario generation techniques that describe the sequence of events to be tested to determine functionality. These approaches have not focused on testing individual events. This paper presents an approach of testing individual events of a given event-based test scenario. In our proposed approach, each main event, or parent event, present in a test scenario is represented, at a higher level of abstraction, as a hierarchy of a set of sub-events, which are its child events. Our approach focuses on testing of these hierarchies independently. We have created an EBTCG (Event Based Test Case Generation) tool which generates test cases for each higher level event in terms of transition sequences of its sub events, their corresponding transition conditions along with the expected results. The proposed approach is validated using Library Management System as a case study.


Although one would not wish to classify Copernicus' own intentions as belonging to the late-medieval and Renaissance tradition of nominalist philosophy, if we are to turn our consideration to what was responsible for the eventual success of the Copernican Revolution, we must also attend to other features of the dialectical context in relation to which the views of Copernicus and his followers were articulated, interpreted, and evaluated. Accordingly, this paper discusses the significance of the erosion of the Aristotelian prohibition against metabasis to the eventual success of the Copernican


The risk in agricultural profitability is mainly due to risk in crop yield and volatility in crop prices. The risk in agricultural profitability would change the optimal choices of input use, especially water as a main resource for crop growth. Weather variability and limited water resources are main issue in paddy farming. The optimal choices of irrigation intensity are determined by agricultural profitability and farmer's risk preference. Paddy is a water-sensitive crops that require intensive irrigation. The SERF analysis found risk neutral farmer are fond of irrigation intensity at 2.5 cm, but greater risk averse preference would change the optimal choice to irrigation intensity of 1 cm. The increase in risk would affect higher risk averse preference to change the optimal choice from risk neutral behavior.


In sheet metal bending, bending die is designed in prospect of spring back after unloading. Although accuracy of spring back analysis has been improved, slight variation of thickness or material properties depending on production lot of sheet metal causes scatter of bend angle in mass production, which is a serious problem especially in bending high strength steels or low priced sheets. As a countermeasure, a new method for compensation of bend angle is proposed in this paper. When sheet metal is partially sheared with negative punch-die clearance, it is slightly bent by the gradient of plastic strain normal to bend axis developed in the sheared zone. By controlling this deformation, accurate and adjustable bending was studied. Change of bend angle depending on punch penetration, clearance, tool edge condition and lubrication was investigated experimentally for two kinds of pure aluminum sheets 0.8 mm in thickness. Among test parameters, punch penetration was found to be most influential one and to have linear relationship with bend angle, which suggests good angle-controllability of this method. Strength of bent portion was tested and sufficient strength was assured up to 20% punch penetration against sheet thickness under the optimum condition. Moreover, spring back was little observed since plastic strain is much higher than that by moment bending. These results were studied with strain distribution estimated by elastoplastic finite element analysis.


significantly to 8.0 mU/ml with T3-T4 within normal range. Oedema feet, puffiness of face disappeared and patient became asymptomatic. Again after six months he developed oedema feet and other milder symptoms; T.S.H. was 12.5 mU/ml, T3-0.6 ng/L and T4-5.0 pg/dL Thyroxine dose was raised to 100 ugm . He became asymptomatic in two months under guidance of physician and psychiatrist. In this particular case it cannot be said with full confidence that hypothyroidism was only because of lithium, quite likely it could have been co-incidenxal. However, I would suggest that lithium should always be given underdose supervision of psychiatrist and prior and periodic thyroid functions must be recorded. Even lithium could have caused irreversible damage to thyroid gland.


: In recent years, with the rapid development of the global economy, the demand for international financial talents has been increasing. In the field of financial education in universities, exploring innovative teaching methods and models to enhance students' international financial literacy and practical skills has become an important issue. This study aims to explore the blended learning model for international finance courses in universities and investigate its impact on students' learning outcomes and skill development. This research not only provides new teaching ideas and methods for financial education in universities but also promotes the transformation of traditional teaching models towards modern, personalized, and diversified approaches. Furthermore, it can help students acquire practical skills and innovative abilities in the field of international finance, improving their competitiveness in employment and potential for career development, and thus making a positive contribution to the cultivation of international financial talents.


Taxi plays an important role of urban public transportation system. However, without appropriate route planning scheme, taxi drivers can only choose to wait or seek passengers in the absence of orders, leading to wasting a lot of time and fuel. In this paper, an optimal profit route planning scheme for taxi drivers with Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm based on Optimal Profit Points (ACO-OPP) is proposed. First, the taxi trajectory data are preprocessed and the pick-up and drop-off points are extracted to obtain high-quality data; second, the data spatiotemporal distribution is analyzed to plan a more appropriate and rational route; the clustering algorithm is used to obtain the optimal profit points to increase the occupancy rate of taxis; then, ACO-OPP is utilized to plan the profit routes for each taxi. A series of experiments are implemented based on the real taxi trajectory dataset to test and compare the performance of the simulated annealing algorithm, the genetic algorithm, the ant colony algorithm and ACO-OPP on the optimal route length and the profitability with the unit time profit function. The experimental results show that ACO-OPP has the shortest optimal route length and the best profit per unit time.


'An old-fashioned love story, touching and poignant...It details the settlement, growth and development of the state of Nebraska, presenting human beings rejoicing in birth and grieving in death' - Kliatt. Acclaimed for her 1928 novel "A Lantern in Her Hand", Bess Streeter Aldrich became one of the most widely read interpreters of the prairie pioneer experience. In 1935, she published her masterpiece, "Spring Came on Forever", a novel of two Nebraska pioneer families from settlement to the 1930s. Elsewhere an artist of the romance, here Aldrich turns romance on its head. The heroine is Amalia Holmsdorfer, one of a band of German immigrants who settle on the prairie. From her late teens to her mid-eighties she confronts and defeats the forces of nature and society that discourage or ruin others. Her life might be a modest triumph but for one detail: she married the wrong man. Quickly paced and precisely drawn, this novel is Aldrich's greatest tribute to the complexity, humor, endurance, and intelligence of the people who settled the prairie. Whatever its sentiments, it has as many cutting edges as a buzz saw.


The utility model discloses a swing arm panel support mechanism comprising a fixed post which is fixedly installed on an equipment production line, a first connecting piece is arranged on the fixed post, the other end of the first connecting piece is connected with a swing arm, the swing arm is connected with a fixed rod through a second connecting piece, and the lower end of the fixed rod is connected with a fixed frame. The swing arm panel support mechanism solves the problem that a control panel on an existing section bar production line is not reasonable in design, the swing arm panel support mechanism is simple in design and reasonable in structure, through a swing arm mechanism, a control panel or a control box is arranged at the lower end of the swing arm, and therefore the swing arm panel support mechanism is convenient to operate, and wiring of the control box is convenient.


Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and allergic skin disease; however, there is no cure for the disease. Red ginseng is well known to have anti-AD potential, while red ginseng marc (RGM) remaining after ginseng extraction is regarded as useless and discarded. However, it has recently been reported that RGM, particularly fermented RGM (fRGM), still contains bioactive properties. Thus, the anti-allergic effects of fRGM were examined in a 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced AD-like mice model. The model was topically treated with distilled water (control), dexamethasone, or fRGM for six weeks. Treatments of fRGM alleviated skin lesions and reduced serum IgE levels, compared with the control. The fRGM also reduced skin levels of lipid peroxidation and superoxide anion; however, it increased glutathione contents, with downregulated gene expression for inflammatory mediators. Histopathological analyses demonstrated that fRGM suppressed epidermal thickening, collagen deposition, and inflammatory cell and mast cell infiltration, which involved anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic effects. Further, fRGM suppressed hypertrophic changes and inflammatory responses in the spleen and lymph nodes. The beneficial effects were observed in the dexamethasone and fRGM groups; however, the antioxidant effects were evident only in the fRGM treatments. These results provide useful information for developing fRGM as a therapeutic source for AD.


Atrial fibrillation is one of the most common chronic arrhythmias, which is the important risk factor of stroke, heart dysfunction, death and disability. Arterial fibrillation has many causes. And we consider etiopathogenisis of arterial fibrillation philosophically, conducing to study Arterial fibrillation overall. Arterial fibrillation is induced by coaction of intrinsic and exopathic factors. Therefore, when select optimal management for treating Arterial fibrillation, we should study problem of Arterial fibrillation in differentiation of symptoms and signs, contributing to clinical and scientific research.


Accounting information Distortion is a difficult problem which has been disturbing the accounting field, So it is worthwhile to have a study on how to bring it under control and remove it out of the accouting field.The paper tries to give a progressive analysis of the subjective and objective causes which lead to accouting information distortion, and put forward some suggestions and countermeasures.


In this short note, first we will show a few ways to rewrite Einstein's field equation without basically changing it. Then we speculate a bit more broadly on how to change the equation to make it hold at the quantum scale. More precisely, we modify it for bodies with masses less than the Planck mass.


The industrial enterprise is a major source of carbon emission and energy consumption.its a practical demand for the industrial enterprise to establish a comprehensive performance evaluation system of carbon emission.Based on the existing literature research to industrial Enterprises carbon emissions performance evaluation,with reference to the idea of balanced scorecard,the writer intends to design a set of index system and evaluation methods for industrial enterprise.Finally,some examples taking from coal industry listed companies are vertified.The purpose is to provide a useful reference improving the management level of industrial enterprises energy-saving emission reduction.


An abstract of the thesis of Susan Fodell for the Master of Science in Speech Communication: Speech and Hearing Sciences presented November 2, 1994. Title: The Relationship Between Intelligibility and Length and Complexity of Language in a Group of 4and 5-Year-Old Children. Previous research has indicated that speech and linguistic variables develop concurrently. When one aspect of speech and linguistic development is delayed, there are typically associated delays in another area as well. This interactive relationship has been studied extensively in the context of phonological and syntactical development, as well as fluency and syntactical development. The relationship between intelligibility and linguistic proficiency has not been studied as extensively. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between varying levels of intelligibility and length and complexity of language in preschool-aged children. Mean length of utterance was correlated with the mean percentage of intelligible words in a continuous speech


The studies were carried-out so as to determine genetic potential of bread wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.) under water-deficit environments imposed at tillering, booting and at grain formation stages of crop growth and development. Four wheat genotypes Sindh-81, Mutant of Sindh-81, Indus-66 and Mutant of Indus-66 were evaluated. The experiment was conducted in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications in a plot size of 1.0 x 3.0m. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes, water stress treatments and their interactions. These results hence connoted that genotypes not only performed differently but also responded variably to water-deficit  conditions, some being more tolerant than the others at various growth stages. On an average over the genotypes, maximum leaf area (33.69cm) was recorded by Mutant of Indus-66; highest chlorophyll (20.81mg/l) and grain protein contents (13.20%) by Mutant of Sindh-81 whereas parent Sindh-81 contained maximum grain moisture (26.16%). All the water-stress treatments caused significant declines in the characters studied, except grain protein content which increased rather declined due to water stress, however, maximum declines in leaf area occurred at tillering stage (-21.6%); in chlorophyll content (-17.72%) and grain moisture content (-75.7%) at grain filling whereas maximum increase in grain protein (70.3%) was recorded when stress was imposed at grain formation stage. The significance of genotype x water stress interactions for almost all the attributes suggested differential response of genotypes to water–deficit conditions which further implied that genotypes performed relatively better in  most of the plant attributes may be preferred either for general cultivation or to be used in hybridization programmes to develop new water stress tolerant wheat genotypes


Ophthalmic viscosurgical devices (OVDs) are essential medical tools for ophthalmic surgeons to use routinely in cataract surgery. OVD endotoxin contamination has been implicated in toxic anterior segment syndrome, a severe inflammatory condition after surgery. Current standard methods for endotoxin detection in medical devices rely on dwindling Horseshoe Crab resources for Limulus amoebocyte lysate assay or rabbit intracameral and intravitreal assays. Endotoxin recovery from OVDs poses particular challenge due to the nature and composition of the device. In the present proof-of-concept study, we demonstrate realtime detection capability of endotoxin by employing a noncontact and label-free fiber-optic Fourier transform infrared transmission spectroscopy based sensing method in the midinfrared spectral range of 1.6-12 μm. We performed testing on OVD samples spiked with a series of different concentrations of endotoxin. The study suggested that endotoxin contamination in OVD might be associated with fingerprint spectral peak shift in the wavenumber ranges of 2925-2890 cm-1 and 1125-1100 cm-1, and the distance of shifting is dependent upon endotoxin concentration in OVD. FO-FTIR integrated with multivariate approaches such as hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis provides significant differentiation of OVD, endotoxin, and contaminated OVD at different concentrations.


This study aimed to analyze and examine the effect of managerial ownership, profitability, Liability, and firm size on firm value in basic and chemical industrial sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2016-2019. The research method used is a quantitative method. The population in this study was 71 companies and the sample was 23, so the total data were 92 companies. Data analysis using SPSS 20 application, through T test, F test, and multiple linear analysis methods. The results showed, the results of the F test showed that the calculated F value > F table was 2.897 > 2.32, with a significance of 0.028 > 0.05. The results of the T test analysis are as follows, a) the managerial ownership variable has a T count < T table or 0.895 < 1.98973; b) the profitability variable has a value of T count < T table or -0.559 < 1.98973; c) variable Liability has a value of T count < T table or 3.198 > 1.98973; d) firm size variable has a value of T count < T table or 0.078 < 1.98973. In conclusion, partially the variables of Managerial Ownership, Profitability and Firm Size do not have a positive and insignificant effect on firm value, while the Liability variable has a positive and significant effect on firm value. Simultaneously the variables of Managerial Ownership, Profitability, Liability, and Company Size have a major influence on firm value.
Keywords: Managerial Ownership, Liability, Firm Value, Profitability, Company Size


Project invested with a type of Energy Performance Contracting has many stakeholders and its structure is complex. This paper built a comprehensive evaluation index system of the EPC project risk from the different stakeholders, took an EPC project as an example, and used the FAHP method to evaluate its risk and TOPSIS to verify the evaluation result. The evaluation result shows that the evaluation indicators and method are feasible, which can better solve the EPC project risk assessment problem.


We can be grateful to the Franciscan Friars and Sisters of the Atonement for recalling to us the vision of Mother Lurana White and Father Paul Watson, holding up the centrality of prayer in the ecumenical movement after the first century of the Week of Prayer. (1) In this essay I will focus on some elements of spiritual ecumenism, including the theme of receptive ecumenism, which seems to me a priority at this moment in the pilgrimage together to full visible unity. Christians pray daily, and in a particularly intense manner in the annual Week of Prayer, for this unity with which the gospel message challenges us. The recent Oberlin celebration of Faith and Order provided an opportunity to review some United States ecumenical history and sketch some challenges. A popular summary of my comments has been published in Ecumenical Trends and a documented version in One in Christ. (2) Three points are important to recall in this context: (1) There are two functions of Faith and Order research in the United States commission: deepening the theological basis for lull, visible unity among the churches, and reaching out to incorporate voices whose churches are not yet committed to that vision. (2) There is a division of labor within the one ecumenical movement: Faith and Order does not need to do social action or interreligious dialogue. There are other specialists in the ecumenical movement with these responsibilities. However, those who specialize in the theological research serving ecclesial reconciliation need to be attentive to and supportive of these other responsibilities, taking account of church-dividing and potentially church-uniting ethical and interreligious themes. (3) The integration of the fifty years' work of Faith and Order, in both bilateral and multilateral forms, needs to be incorporated into texts and catechetical materials to make these results a "common heritage." In this treatment of spiritual ecumenism for academic theologians in service of the unity of the church, I would like to note five points: l) mentorship, 2) the discipline of dialogue, 3) the discipline of formation, 4) receptive ecumenism, and 5) prayer, which we know holds "pride of place." (3) Like the monastic life, ecumenism is an element of the Christian faith that requires struggle and discipline. (4) The call for the visible unity of the Church is central to the gospel witness and therefore unavoidable for the serious Christian. However, there is much misunderstanding on what might be considered both the theological right and left within the Christian family. Some still misconstrue ecumenism as compromise: both those who are against it, as a dilution of the gospel, and those who are for it, as dissolution of barriers to openness and inclusiveness. A spiritual ecumenism is attentive to the discernment of God's will for the unity of the churches, the discernment of the truth that is required to lay a solid foundation for that unity, and the discernment of the other, their truth-claims, pieties, and integrity, as individuals and as faith communities. (5) Such discernment does not come easily, without prayer, study, dialogue, and planning, The theologian, Joseph Ratzinger, has noted that planning has often replaced a faith in providence in modern culture. This temptation often accompanies ecumenical urgency of both scholars and those engaged actively in ecumenical ministry. One needs to apply all the technical skills of theology, human relations, and planning to the zeal for the unity of the church, but finally the church receives unity as the gift of the Holy Spirit. While cycling through northern Italy a few summers ago, I was struck that in Catholic circles ecumenism could easily become a devotional practice like the other pious movements of the last 2,000 years. There were ecumenical chapels in Venice and Bologna, The Archbishop in Ravenna preached on the link of his city with the Orthodox, rekindled by the recent visit to Patriarch Bartholomew and his Liturgy in Sant' Apolonare in Classe. …


This research investigates the performance of the particle swarm optimization algorithm in the solution of responsive theater maneuvers, introduced here for the first time. The responsive theater maneuver is designed to alter a spacecraft's arrival position as it overflies a hazardous geographic region, while still meeting sensor range constraints. The maneuver places the satellite on an exclusion ellipse centered at the spacecraft's expected arrival position at the expected time of entry into the hazardous region. A global particle swarm optimization algorithm is shown to generate optimal solutions for the single-pass responsive theater maneuver scenario in shorter time frames than local particle swarm variants, a genetic algorithm, and a parameter search. The global particle swarm algorithm is then shown to generate consistent performance in the solution of single-, double-, and triple-pass responsive theater maneuver scenarios for various size exclusion ellipses.


In a method for controlling the operation of a connected to an electric energy storage generator in a vehicle drive train with a prime mover, which is connected via a transmission to a drive shaft of the vehicle, and an interruption device, with the torque transmission from the prime mover to the drive shaft is interrupted, is the generator is driven by the drive shaft upon interruption of torque transmission between the prime mover and the drive shaft.