This article examines the phenomenon of extreme metal in mainland China (EMMC) by investigating its formation, industries, and identities. First, the article briefly portrays the background of EMMC. Then, it argues that EMMC as a transplanted genre was formed around 2000. After that, the industry of EMMC is demonstrated by highlighting the indie labels, releases, and distributions. Finally, based on the textual analyses of the compilation album "Resurrection of the Gods", a series of identical characteristics of EMMC are discussed. These preliminary conclusions potentially provide a basis for further researches of metal studies, popular music studies, and socio-cultural studies. Portraying the context of extreme metal in Mainland China In his monograph, Kahn-Harris (2007) first differentiated extreme metal from the traditional idea of heavy metal as an independent research object, by focusing on its particular musical characteristics, scenic practices, and social transgressions. While extreme metal has been evolving in the West for over 30 years (began with Venom's "Welcome to Hell" in 1981), this process is just more than ten years old in mainland China. Unsurprisingly, for a long time, extreme metal in mainland China (EMMC) has been marginal within global metal scene, and there was rare attention by academia thus far. However, along with the persistent development of the genre in the country and increasingly global tendencies of metal scholars (primarily exemplified by the documentary "Global Metal" by Dunn & McFadyen, 2007 and the publication "Metal Rules the Globe: Heavy Metal Music around the World" by Wallach, Berger & Greene, 2011), the phenomenon of EMMC is showing more significance as a case study in modern metal discourses. Chronologically, EMMC began around 2000 as the main-body of the second wave of Chinese metal praxis, when the majority of the early generation of metal artists in the 1990s (such as Tang Dynasty, Black Panther, Overload, Again, and Wazu) turned into mainstream pop styles or disbanded. Geographically, EMMC is a nationwide but imbalanced phenomenon. Those more culturally and economically developed cities often become the core regions, particularly as Beijing and Shanghai. In terms of genre, EMMC should be seen as a lineal descendant of Chinese rock praxis, as well as a relatively peripheral component of the whole Chinese popular music industries. From a socio-cultural perspective, the general environment of EMMC can be mainly understood in four aspects. First, the deepened development of the reform and opening up of the country gave rise to more frequent cultural exchanges between China and the West, with which increasingly nonmainstream and non-native musical genres obtained the chance to survive. MODERN HEAVY METAL: MARKETS, PRACTICES AND CULTURES International Academic Conference 2015 220 Secondly, there is an obvious contradiction between EMMC's anticommercialism stance and its actually inevitably commercial involvement, where a local metal industry has been preliminarily established. Thirdly, given that the freedom of speech has yet to be thoroughly achieved in mainland China, the social transgression of EMMC is more aesthetic than political. Finally, EMMC had been experiencing a series of marginalization, involving ideological, aesthetic, commercial, and global, although a few changes had emerged since late-2000s. For example, Voodoo Kungfu as the first EMMC band ever performed in Wacken Open Air in 2008, while Suffocated performed in the New Year Concert on Guangdong TV in 2013 as the first appearance of EMMC on mainstream media. Given such context, the following chapters will be primarily illustrating some initial findings on three topics, including the formation, industries, and identities.


Like its Goidelic cognate trom, analysed in Dereza (this volume), Welsh trwm is highly polysemous. In contrast to Dereza's more general approach, I discuss here in detail the usage of this adjective in one relatively short period, based on the Welsh Prose 1300–1425 corpus (Luft et al. 2013). In order to make the Goidelic and Welsh data comparable, I analyse my data using the same classification of senses as Dereza. Despite some difficulties arising from the structure of the corpus used, I discuss the frequency of the usage within the four domains: experiential, parametrical, psycho-physiological and emotional. The last domain is the main focus of my attention due to the diversity of constructions in which trwm is thus used. I end by drawing some conclusions concerning the use of Celtic data in lexical typology.


The present invention provides a kind of stress formation temperature responsive monitoring apparatus comprising: a stress-strain sensors placed in the bottom of the borehole formation, expansion cement filling, for detecting stress formation; temperature-responsive amplification components, are disposed within the bore over said stress-strain sensors, also filled with expansive cement, for detecting the amount of change due to temperature variation of the stress, and the temperature variation amplifies; power control and data acquisition modules, placed outside the borehole, for the stress and strain for the temperature sensor assembly in response to power amplification, and collecting the amount of temperature change and stress change after amplification. The present invention employs a stress - in response to a higher temperature coefficient of silicone rubber to encapsulate or temperature sensor, so that the formation of the borehole stress monitoring - Effect of temperature response amplified effectively, can greatly improve the resolution and sensitivity of stress and temperature monitoring, and the temperature sensor packaging process is very simple, easy to produce, and low cost.


Work on retrieval-based chatbots, like most sequence pair matching tasks, can be divided into Cross-encoders that perform word matching over the pair, and Bi-encoders that encode the pair separately. The latter has better performance, however since candidate responses cannot be encoded offline, it is also much slower. Lately, multi-layer transformer architectures pre-trained as language models have been used to great effect on a variety of natural language processing and information retrieval tasks. Recent work has shown that these language models can be used in text-matching scenarios to create Bi-encoders that perform almost as well as Cross-encoders while having a much faster inference speed. In this paper, we expand upon this work by developing a sequence matching architecture that %takes into account contexts in the training dataset at inference time. utilizes the entire training set as a makeshift knowledge-base during inference. We perform detailed experiments demonstrating that this architecture can be used to further improve Bi-encoders performance while still maintaining a relatively high inference speed.


This correspondence examines the influence of the summation order on the numerical accuracy of the resulting sum when the addition is performed using floating-point, finite-precision arithmetic. A simple statistical model is used to find the relative performance of various addition procedures. It is shown that phrasing the question in terms of finding a best ordering is overly restrictive since the most natural and accurate procedures for performing the addition utilize the storage of intermediate sums as well as performing orderings.


Multi-clustering has been widely used. It acts as a pre-training process for identifying protein-ligand binding in structure-based drug design. Then, the Support Vector Machine (SVM) is employed to classify the sites most likely for binding ligands. Three types of attributes are used, namely geometry-based, energy-based, and sequence conservation. Comparison is made on 198 drug-target protein complexes with LIGSITECSC, SURFNET, Fpocket, Q-SiteFinder, ConCavity, and MetaPocket. The results show an improved success rate of up to 86%.


Anthropologist and collector Williamson describes his travels amongst the different Inuit communities of the Northwest Territories and Quebec, as well as his friendship with and incites on the artists of his collection. Their sculptures in stone and whale-bone are documented in an essay by Zepp, and discussed in the light of regional context and artists' individual personalities, with an emphasis placed on the Keewatin sculptors who form the core of this exhibition. 26 bibl. ref.


The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, cause of the COVID-19 pandemic, has infected millions worldwide, but scientists are still unpacking how infection by SARS-CoV-2 works. Researchers led by Roland Be...


Let 2N be the class of families of problems solvable by families of two-way nondeterministic finite automata of polynomial size. We characterize 2N in terms of families of formulas of transitive-closure logic. These formulas apply the transitive-closure operator on a quantifier-free disjunctive normal form of first-order logic with successor and constants, where (i) apart from two special variables, all others are equated to constants in every clause, and (ii) no clause simultaneously relates these two special variables and refers to fixed input cells. We prove that automata with polynomially many states are as powerful as formulas with polynomially many clauses and polynomially large constants. This can be seen as a refinement of Immerman's theorem that nondeterministic logarithmic space matches positive transitive-closure logic (NL = FO+pos TC).


This volume provides parents, teachers and clinicians with a framework and suggestions for supporting children's communication in the context of their daily lives.


This book discusses pesticide formulations; spraying techniques and/or low and ultra low volume applications employing oil carriers, including subsurface drip irrigation and plant growth regulators; and granule technology.


Abstract— Divergence time analyses have become increasingly popular over the past several decades, partly due to the proliferation of molecular data, but also because of the development of methods that do not assume a strict molecular clock. In this review, I provide a brief background to the topic, then highlight several methods for "relaxing" the assumptions of a strict molecular clock. I discuss the pros and cons of many of these methods. Finally, I discuss the various techniques for incorporating fossils in molecular studies to estimate absolute ages of clades.


A 6-year-old castrated male Shih-Tzu was admitted to the Gyeongsang Animal Medical Center with hematuria and vomiting. Serum chemistry indicated increases in blood urea nitrogen and creatinine values. Radiography showed radiopaque materials attached to the ventralis of the inner bladder wall. Penile urethra also was filled with radiopaque materials. Ultrasonography revealed bilateral perineal effusion in the kidney, thinned bladder wall, and materials with acoustic shadowing at the caudal extremity of the os penis. Because urination was not identified by urinary obstruction, cystocentesis was performed. Hematuria was diagnosed by urinalysis, but clear crystals were not identified. Owing to failure of securing patency to the bladder using retrohydropropulsion, cystotomy and urethrotomy with retrohydropropulsion were performed. In this report, we describe the clinical and radiographic findings of urethral plugs in a male Shih-Tzu dog, wherein the urethral plugs were treated successfully with hydropropulsion, cystotomy, and urethrotomy. It provides an option for the treatment of urethral plugs in a dog.


"Permanent frame tilt in a submarine pressure hull due to cyclic tank pressure on a wing bulkhead with allowance for ratcheting" In the double hulled submarines of the Dutch Walrus class it was found that tilt can occur in frames of the pressure hull which are connected to a bulkhead. It is judged that the most reasonable cause for this frame tilt is tank pressure. The question to be answered in this thesis is whether the structure is too weak compared to design or the tank pressures that occur are too high. It is also investigated what the mechanics of this structure are and whether effects are present in the structure which could cause less load bearing capacity than anticipated in the design.


We calculated the spatial symmetric form of the third-order susceptibility tensor. The mistakes in Butcher's results were found and corrected.


Abstract . There are many factors that determine the success of a business. One such factor is the precision in choosing a business location. Location decisions often depend on the type of business for the retail business and the professional services strategy used to focus on maximizing revenue. The choice of location of an organization or company affects the risks and profits of the company as a whole considering the location is very important for the business run can compete effectively. The location is easy to reach by consumers and close to the center of the crowd is the right location for a business. This study aims to determine the location of strategy by using the method of center of gravity and factor rating in Rm. Warung nasi ampera sucitype of research conducted in this study is descriptive explanatory is a study aimed at describing a condition or a particular phenomenon does not sort or search factors or variables and aims to examine the quality between variables describing a particular phenomenon. Research method in this method is case study that is research about subject of research related to a specific phase. Data collection techniques in this study by conducting interviews, observations and documentation related to the research. Result of research after doing calculation to some alternative location indicate that value at Jl. Phh. Mustofha sacred with a total of  71.5% and Jl. Tubagus Ismail with the amount of 60.5%. Then thus for Jl. Phh. Musthofa no 21, Bandung has a total score higher than the location located on Jl. Tubagus Ismail with a lower total score of 60.5%. Keywords: Factor, strategy, location


The use of chipseals in New Zealand is discussed and typical performance outlined. The various materials used and the types of chipseal used are described in some detail. Typical contractual arrangements, warranty periods and the industry safety and training are covered and the current practices and equipment used for chipsealing highways and roads in New Zealand are described, and explained. BACKGROUND New Zealand has over 92,000km of roads in its network, of which about 60,000km are surfaced with chipseal. Chipseal is thus the dominant surfacing type and is used in a very wide range of situations ranging through rural service roads, main highways, suburban streets and some motorways. Asphalt mixes only tend to be used for high-traffic urban motorways, urban streets and in high traffic-stress situations such as very tight corners etc, where chipseal has performance limitations. Figure 1 below shows that about 50% of state (national) highways and 90% of local roads have traffic volumes less than 2000 AADT(Annual Average Daily Traffic in both directions). Pavement structures are mainly flexible granular bases with thin bituminous surfacing. Structural asphalt pavements are used only on some urban motorways and streets and on heavy-duty industrial areas.


Anyone who has spent much time with young children has witnessed the joy and relish with which they approach making and listening to music. All children, regardless of ability, circumstance, or cultural background, have a natural affinity for music; even children as young as a few months old can keep the beat of a song. Thankfully, music is available to everyone on Earth—by singing or crafting instruments from whatever materials are available, music is close at hand for us all. Because it is beloved and embraced by children, music provides a wonderful opportunity for learning. The tones, patterns, and sounds in music can provide a helpful template for building early literacy skills in young children, as they correspond to the tones, patterns, and sounds in written and spoken language. In fact, music can contribute to learning in all subjects, as it requires attention, focus, and flexibility. Research suggests that music can be especially effective and unifying in inclusive classrooms with children of varying abilities and diverse strengths. In this article, the authors explore how the use of music in the classroom can contribute to early literacy learning, and be particularly helpful for children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder.


and T cells forming an immunological synapse (IS) in response to activation by antigen presented by an antigen-presenting cell.
Expression of the tyrosine kinase Lck at the plasma membrane is necessary for it to fulfil its role in signal transduction in T lymphocytes. MAL, an integral membrane protein, has been described to play an important role in targeting Lck to the plasma membrane. We have found that MAL interacts with INF2, a protein of the formin family with the unique ability of promoting not only actin polymerization but also its depolymerization. In resting Jurkat cells, INF2 colocalizes with MAL at the plasma membrane, pericentriolar endosomes and along microtubules. Time-lapse videomicroscopic analysis showed that MAL+ vesicles that transport Lck to the plasma membrane move along preformed microtubules tracks. Knockdown (KD) of INF2 impairs MAL+ vesicle formation and greatly reduced the levels of Lck at the plasma membrane. The actin polymerization and depolymerizacion activities of INF2 were both required for INF2-mediated transport of Lck.
Rac1 and Cdc42, which bind to INF2, regulate the Lck targeting process both in Jurkat cells and primary T lymphocytes.
In addition to the specific targeting of receptors, adhesion molecules, signaling proteins and actin cytoskeletal proteins to the IS, an important event that takes place during IS formation is the reorientation of the centrosome to face the IS. We have found that in INF2 KD Jurkat cells, centrosome reorientation did not take place although actin polymerization at the IS occurred normally. Expression of intact INF2 or only its FH2 domain in INF2 KD cells was sufficient to restore centrosome polarization regardless of the actin polymerization and depolymerisation activities of INF2. As we found that formation of stable detyrosinated microtubules (Glu-MT) accompanies the process of IS formation and centrosome reorientation, we investigated the role of INF2 in Glu-MT formation and found that INF2 was necessary for it to occur. The FH2 domain of INF2 was found to be sufficient for Glu-MT formation. KD of Rac1 or Cdc42, the two RhoGTPases to which INF2 binds, produced the same effect that INF2 KD on centrosome reorientation and Glu-MT formation. We, therefore, propose a novel pathway in T cells by which Rac1 and Cdc42 regulates INF2 that, in turn, regulates formation of stable Glu-MT required for centrosome orientation.
In conclusion, INF2 collaborates with MAL in vesicular transport of Lck to the plasma membrane in resting T cells and, in addition, plays an important role in the process of centrosome reorientation to the IS through the stabilization of a specific set of microtubules. Rac1 and Cdc42 appear to act upstream of INF2 regulating these processes.


This research endeavor is an attempt to illustrate the usefulness of Web 3.0 in enabling healthcare in marginalized communities of Dutywa Health District in the Eastern Cape. The semantic web guides the computer to access authentic data, and this evolves into AI when the information is utilized. The research study adopts a Design Science Methodology to model a Semantic Web-Based Healthcare Framework for rural healthcare and utilizes an Apache Jena Fuseki Server or Protégé to develop and deploy a prototype to the framework for proof of concept. The Semantic Web-Based Healthcare Framework development is benchmarked against BioMedLib Search Engine to prove its efficiency based on the projection of economic factors. The evaluation shows that the proposed Semantic Web-Based Healthcare Framework developed projects significant Return on Investment over time


Freight transport demand models are important tools to support policy decision-making by enabling decision makers to evaluate transport policies and correlated effects. This significance puts high pressure on freight models regarding their accuracy. In order to ensure model accuracy there are different methods within the wide area of quality assurance that can be applied. Although backcasting is such a method it is, however, often neglected or implemented insufficiently. The paper presents major challenges and chances occurring from backcasting that have been conducted using a state-of-the-
practise freight model. It reveals that backcasting is not easy to handle – especially referring to data availability and quality. Serious challenges emerge regarding availability of consistent input and output data as well as goods classification. A guideline, deduced from the experience in application, is presented to assist practising backcasting in freight modelling.


Composite column jackets are able to provide confinement, increase ductility, and increase shear capacity in deficient bridge columns. In previous studies, durability data has been produced on the sensitivities of various types of composites to environmental attack. This has been done by dealing with the material degradation issues related to environmental, physical and chemical concerns using accelerated testing techniques in laboratories. The performance of composites in actual bridge environments, however, was still largely unknown. This project was initiated in order to determine the actual environments that composites must resist in infrastructure applications and detect any composite degradation in such an environment.


This study aims to determine the effect of work discipline, physical work environment, and organizational culture on employees' affective commitment to the permanent employees of UST Yogyakarta. This study uses quantitative method. The population in this study were all permanent employees of UST. The number of samples was determined using the Solvin formula while the sampling technique employed accidental sampling technique. The gained data were analyzed using classical assumption test and multiple linear regression. The research findings show that work discipline has a significant positive effect on employee affective commitment with a significance value of 0.039. The physical work environment has a significant positive effect on employee affective commitment with a significance value of 0.043. Organizational culture has a significant positive effect on employee affective commitment with a significance value of 2.699. Simultaneously work discipline, physical work environment, and organizational culture affect the affective commitment of employees.


1MLT: J. S. P. Tatlock, The Development and Chronology of Chaucer's Works (1907; rpt. Gloucester, Mass.: Peter Smith, 1963), p. 187; P. Baum, "The Man of Law's Tale," MLN, 64 (1949), 192; Nevill Coghill, The Poet Chaucer (1949; rpt. London: Oxford Univ. Press, 1961), p. 136. PhysT: R. K. Root, The Poetry of Chaucer, rev. ed. (1922; rpt. Gloucester, Mass.: Peter Smith, 1957), p. 219; E. T. Donaldson, ed., Chaucer's Poetry (New York: Ronald, 1958), p. 927; A. C. Baugh, ed., Chaucer's Major Poetry: An Anthology for the Moderrn Reader (New York: Appleton, 1963), p. 485; Nevill Coghill, "Chaucer's Narrative Art," Chaucer and Chaucerians, ed. D. S. Brewer (London: Nelson, 1966), p. 126. For contrary view, see Paul E. Beichner, "Chaucer's Man of Law and Disparitas Cultus," Spec, 23 (1948), 70-75, who comments on legal knowledge evinced in MLT; Frederick Tupper, "Chaucer's Saints and Sinners," JEGP, 15 (1916), 59-67; and R. M. Lumiansky, Of Sondry Folk (Austin: Univ. of Texas Press, 1955), pp. 195-200, who argue from dubious evidence of the Physician's moral obliquity that his tale was assigned ironically. Two other substantial studies, Edward A. Block, " Originalityr, Controlling Purpose, and Craftsmanship in Chaucer's Man of Law's Tale," PMLA, 68 (1953), 572-616, and Michael R. Paull, " The Influence of the Saint's Legend Genre in the Man of Law's Tale," ChauR, 5, no. 3 (1971), 179-94, are not concerned with appropriateness. Huling E. Ussery, Chaucer's Physician: Medicine and Literature in Fourteenth-Century England, Tulane Studies in English 19 (New Orleans, Louisiana: Dept. of English, Tulane University, 1971), was published after my paper was written. From a careful examination of the medical profession in England in the fourteenth century, Ussery argues persuasively that the Physician would have been in orders. As in his earlier paper, " The Appropriateness of The Physician's Tale to its Teller," PMASAL, 50 (1965), 545-56, he finds the tale " appropriate to a learned cleric and physician, whose


Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) have now entered the stage of implementation in optical devices and networks. Besides the number of properties superior to EEL, VCSELs have the drawback of less stabilized polarization. As any semiconductor laser, VCSELs are sensitive to Optical Feedback (OF) due to parasitic reflections inevitable in practical applications. Here we experimentally and numerically investigate the spectral and polarization properties of VCSELs subject to polarization insensitive optical feedback from an extremely short external cavity -ESEC (few microns). We observe that the total output power and the wavelength of laser emission are sinusoidally, in-phase modulated with the external cavity (EC) length and with a period equal to half the wavelength of the VCSEL. Moreover the currents at which the switches between the two linearly polarized (LP) modes happen and the hysteresis width are also sinusoidally modulated with the same period. When biasing the VCSEL at the switching current polarization switching between two orthogonal linearly polarized states happens at different EC lengths. This polarization switching happens through a hysteresis when decreasing and increasing the EC length. We have also develop a two modes rate equation model that proves and explains the changes of all VCSEL characteristics observed in the experimental part, showing very good agreement with the experimental results.


HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) comprises three diagnoses divided by severity of impairment: asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment (ANI), mild neurocognitive disease (MND), and HIV-associated dementia (HAD). All three conditions are characterized by impaired performance on neuropsychological testing. Only MND and HAD involve functional impairment, which is determined by subjective reports.

In a recent pilot study involving 24 HIV-infected individuals aged >60, researchers evaluated differences between subjective and objective performance on functional …


Klitih/Nglitih comes from the Javanese language, which means looking for activities in your spare time. Meanwhile, "Klitih/Nglitih" in the context of juvenile delinquency means travelling around using a motorcycle that a group of students has carried out. This study aims to explain the background of the "Klitih" that often occurs in Yogyakarta and the pattern of interaction in the "Klitih" group. This qualitative research uses a case study in the "Klitih" group in Yogyakarta. Based on the research that has been done, it is found that revenge and showing off are the backgrounds for "Klitih", which often occurs in Yogyakarta. The recruitment process from members to former members becomes a pattern of interaction repeatedly appearing in the "Klitih" group.


Taking construction contract of building engineering for an example,this paper points out that construction contract of building engineering is a special contract.In order to protect the interests of the actual builders based on the basic theory of contract relativity principle,it discusses the rationality of breakthrough the relativity principle in contract disputes of building engineering.


Introduction: Accurate knowledge of the density of lunar materials at high pressures and temperatures is critical for models of the dynamic evolution of the interior of the Moon. Lunar magma density variations during crystallisation of a lunar magma ocean are particularly important, as formation of both plagioclaserich highland rocks and mare basalts are ultimately linked to density differences between lunar magma and co-existing minerals. To date, densities of lunar melts have only been determined using indirect quench methods [1,2]. Here we introduce a X-ray absorption technique, initially developed by Katayama [3], to determine the density of silicate magma in situ. Preliminary density measurements of a synthetic equivalent of Apollo 14 black glass [4] are presented. Our study shows this technique can be used to construct a comprehensive data set describing density variations in lunar magmas as a function of pressure, temperature, and composition. Methods: Starting materials were packed into CVD diamond cylinders (inner diameter: 0.5 mm) with graphite end caps. Diamond cylinders were surrounded by low-Z materials (hexagonal boron nitride sleeves, graphite furnace and boron epoxy pressure medium) to maximise X-ray throughput (Fig. 1, [5]). In situ measurements were conducted at beamline ID27 of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) using a toroidal Paris-Edinburgh cell [6]. Pressuretemperature conditions were calculated offline by combining X-ray diffraction measurements of the unitcell volumes of hBN, MgO, and/or Pt calibrants with equation-of-state parameters.


The Academic chemical literature (and much current teaching to University Students) still often describes "Green Chemistry," as having originated in the late 1990s from the United States EPA, the "12 Principles of Green Chemistry", and/or Academia.  But all of the "12 Principles" had already been in "un-enunciated" Industrial practice and had produced many commercialized examples of environmentally favorable chemical products and processes in major segments of Industry, long before the 1990s.  This article briefly reviews the early 1990s publications of Professor Barry Trost and Roger Sheldon that spread awareness of the importance of catalysis to the evolving "Green Chemical" concepts of "Atom Economy", the "E-Factor" metrics, and into Academic "Green Chemistry" research. Trost and Sheldon's publications admitted that catalysis and "Atom Economy" had been in practice in the commodity chemicals industry for decades, but encouraged more use of those techniques and concepts in the Fine Chemical and Pharmaceutical industry segments, and into Academic research and the teaching of organic chemistry, years before the words "Green Chemistry" or the "12 Principles" came into literature use.

Graphical Abstract:
Roger A. Sheldon, The Royal Society,  Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, Wikimedia Commons
Barry M. Trost, Photographer: Armin Kübelbeck, CC-BY-SA, Wikimedia Commons
Atom Economy, Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International, Wikimedia Commons


From both technical and economical perspectives, all-dc offshore wind farm (OWF) is a trend for future offshore wind energy applications. Furthermore, in an all-dc OWF, both the capacitors in dc collection grid and offshore wind turbines have the potential for onshore grid frequency response. In light of this, this paper presents a model predictive control scheme, which coordinates the operation of offshore dc collection grid capacitors (dc-grid capacitors) and offshore wind turbines for the onshore frequency support. With this scheme, offshore dc-grid capacitors provide fast inertia support right after the frequency event, while offshore wind turbines provide primary frequency response for a longer period. A key feature of the proposed scheme lies in the ability to suppress the secondary frequency drop issue, which is caused by sudden power reduction of offshore dc-grid capacitors during the frequency recovery phase. An analytical framework is derived to validate this ability. Finally, simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.


The purpose of t h i s research study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the A r t h r i t i s Self-Management Program (ASMP), developed by Dr. K. Lorig, on ,a population of persons with scleroderma. This p a r t i c u l a r condition i s a type of a r t h r i t i s (also known as progressive systemic sclerosis) involving a disorder of the small blood vessels and connective t i s s u e s . I t i s characterized by the induration and thickening of the skin and by inflammatory, f i b r o t i c , ischemic, an*d degenerative changes i n the tissues throughout the body. Eighteen people, most of which were female, i n the Vancouver Lower Mainland with the diagnosis of scleroderma volunteered for t h i s study. Quantitative and q u a l i t a t i v e methodological orientations were used to c o l l e c t and analyze the data. A quasi-experimental, pretest-posttest nonequivalent comparison group design was used. Self-administered, standardized questionnaires were d i s t r i b u t e d to a sample of subjects to c o l l e c t the quantitative data, .and: a, standardized opert-ended. interview questionnaire was used to c o l l e c t the q u a l i t a t i v e data. The quantitative questionnaire comprised research instruments including The V i s u a l Analogue Pain Scale, Health Assessment Questionnaire, Centrefor Epidemiological Studies of Depression Scale, C a n t r i l Quality of L i f e Scale, A r t h r i t i s S e l f E f f i c a c y


With the rapid development of communication methods and Web3.0 real-time network system standards maturity, the network system architecture and information transmission's requirements change. The traditional Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) system is facing new challenges. However, the IIoT has its new opportunities during the development. The key challenges of traditional IIoT are mass data approaching and digging data value from diverse data-source. In the conventional IIoT system, threshold alarm and direct data display are common approach methods for manually processing while the data scale is not mass. However, the information entropy decreases so fast that the data value did not be well dug. Therefore, to address these limitations in distribution monitoring, we attempt to design a WebSocket-based real-time data-driven analyzing system for distribution monitoring. We adopt WebSocket protocol docking with ModBus protocol for data-collection to achieve multiple device's data-parallel transmission performances in the protocol layer. On the other hand, we propose a cloud-edge-mixed-analyzing architecture for digging data-value to satisfy the comprehensive analysis of different category device-data in different physical areas. And we give a use-case of this system. Finally, we have done three data processing experiments to illustrate the superiority of our approach.


In order to accurately consider the influence of micro-morphology on the joint surface,the "solid-gap-solid" contact model of joint surface is proposed.The fractal prediction model of the tangential contact damping of joint surface is established based on the "solid-gap-solid" contact model,contact fractal theory and the Hertz theory.And the influence of relevant parameters on the tangential contact damping is revealed with the research of numerical simulation.All the work provides the preparation for follow-up dynamic modeling and dynamic analysis of joint surface.Simulation results show that tangential contact damping of joint surface increases with the increase of real contact area,reduces with the increase of normal load of joint surface and tends to be constant with the increase of friction coefficient between the joint surfaces.Real contact area influences the location of the turning point of the cte*-μ(critical friction coefficient μc).With the increase of the real contact area,critical friction coefficient μc increases at the same time.Big differences exist between the contact behaviors with the different fractal dimension values,especially on both sides of the fractal dimension critical value(D=1.55).


In this paper a novel compact printed ultra wide band (UWB) multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna is presented with pattern diversity characteristic for portable devices. The MIMO configuration consists of two identical compact UWB antennas with a very simple decoupling circuit. To analyze the performance of antenna in UWB range the impedance bandwidth, isolation, radiation pattern, gain and efficiency are investigated. However, the MIMO performance is analyzed by envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) of the UWB MIMO antenna.


Abstract— An enzymatic isotopic assay for the measurement of β‐phenylethylamine in brain, with a sensitivity of 100‐200 pg, has been developed. With this assay, the endogenous β‐phenylethylamine content (1.5 ng/g) in the rat brain has been determined. Phenylalanine administration increases the brain levels of this amine; inhibition of monoamine oxidase causes a 40‐fold increase in brain β‐phenylethylamine. After a combined treatment with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor and phenylalanine, the β‐phenylethylamine content in the brain increases to about 400‐fold. This increase can be blocked by the central decarboxylase inhibitor NSD‐1055. p‐Chlorophenylalanine also increases β‐phenylethylamipe concentration in the brain, and this effect is potentiated by a simultaneous administration of phenylalanine.


With the expansion and convergence of communication and computing, dynamic provisioning of customized networking and processing infrastructures, as well as resource virtualization, are appealing concepts and technologies. Therefore, new models and tools are needed to allow users to create, trust and enjoy such on‐demand virtual infrastructures within a wide area context. This paper presents the HIPerNET framework we are designing and developing for creating, managing and controlling virtual infrastructures in the context of high‐speed Internet. The key idea of this proposal is the combination of network‐ and system‐virtualization associated with controlled resource reservation to provide fully isolated environments. HIPerNET's motivations and design principles are presented. Then we examine specifically how this framework handles the virtual infrastructures, called Virtual Private eXecution Infrastructures (VPXI). To help specifying customized isolated infrastructures, HIPerNET relies on VXDL, a language for VPXI description and modeling which considers end‐host resource as well as the virtual network topology interconnecting them, including virtual routers. After the specification, allocation and scheduling phases, HIPerNET helps in provisioning, deploying and configuring virtual private execution infrastructures. This means, it triggers the dynamic configuration of all the equipments involved. In this paper we concentrate on network configuration, particularly to achieve network performance isolation. We also study and evaluate mechanisms to implement and configure virtual‐link control. Experimental results obtained within the Grid'5000 testbed are presented and analyzed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Geochemical laboratory analyses are the popular methods providing Total Organic Carbon and other rock properties related to organic matter content. The provided data are point type and related to small rock plugs. The goal of this research was to show usefulness of the advanced statistical methods, i.e. Statistical Neural Networks (SNN) and Support Vector Regression (SVR) in efficient calculation of TOC content on the basis of well logs. The advantage of the proposed solution is the ability to determine the continuous TOC log along the full depth of borehole and the very good matching of TOC values and petrophysical characteristics of the rocks derived from the lab. Results are also free from the geochemical data as Level of Organic Metamorphism (LOM) and no empirical formulae established for the other data sets are included. The disadvantage is a necessity to operate on big data sets which are not a problem for well logging but are expensive for laboratory tests.


s of Oral Presentations: Evidence Implementation Maintenance of totally implantable ports in Zhongshan Hospital: a best practice implementation project Y. Shen, X. Zhang, F. Ge, H. Huang and L. Li Department of Nursing, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University Background: Totally implantable port is well known as central venous access device and its cost on implantation and maintenance is very expensive. Currently, the biggest problem regarding the promotion and the use of implantable ports in China is lack of well-trained professional care providers. The nurses' maintenance level of totally implantable ports is low, and the patients are easy to get complications. Objective: This project aims to reduce the incidence of complications amongst patients, raise the health care safety and improve the care process, strictly complying with current evidence–based criteria simultaneously. Methods: Base line audit on maintenance of totally implantable port, identified from the JBI PACES programme, was done on 25 nurses and 25 patients from 1st April to 15th May. An intervention of education, demonstration, practice, assessment was conducted from 16th May to 15th July. A re-audit post-implementation was completed from 16th July to 10th August. Results: The results of the audit showed that for the 9 audit criteria for totally implantable port maintenance, the compliance rate of Criteria 2 and 3 increased from 0% to 100%, Criterion 1 from 80% to 100%, Criterion 4 from 92% to 100%, Criterion 5 from 68% to 100%, Criterion 6 remained as 100%, Criterion 7 from 12% to 100%, and Criterion 8 from 0% to 96%. Criterion 9 from 88% to 100%. During implementation we found four barriers and took measures to cope with them. Discussion/Conclusion: This project achieves a significant improvement in establishing evidence-based practices of maintenance of totally implantable ports in General Surgery. Strategies in sustaining best practice should be developed in the future. Clinical Handover at the bedside: An evidencebased quality implementation project LingLing Sun RN, BSN, Huan Liu RN, BSN and Mary Tan RN, BHS Nsg, OTNC, PGDHE, DMS Singapore National University Hospital Centre for Evidence Based Nursing: a Collaborating Centre of the Joanna Briggs Institute, University Medical Cluster, Nursing Department, National University Hospital Background: Clinical nursing shift handover is a process whereby the patient's care and treatment plan is being passed over by the preceding nurse to the on-coming nurse in a structured and standardized way. In March 2014, Joanna Briggs Institute's recommended evidence on clinical handover and 'ISHAPED' were implemented in a medical ward, and all the nurses used the 'ISHAPED' acronym to hand over patients' care and treatment plan. The acronym, 'ISHAPED' stands for ''Introduction, Story, History, Assessment, Plan of care, Error prevention and Dialogue''. However, a sustaining audit showed that the handover process was not consistently practiced. Thus, this project is the followup phase conducted to monitor and sustain the implemented practice. Objective: The follow-up phase aims to achieve 80% compliance rate of RNs on a general medical ward to ISHAPED handover process. It also aims for the handover process to take place at the patients' bedside and update patients about the plan of care by involving them during shift handover. Methods: This follow-up phase was conducted in three phases after the last post implementation audit. At the first phase, the sustaining audit was conducted at 6 months to monitor the nurses' compliancy rate to the practice change. The audit criteria were adopted from Joanna Briggs Institute Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System (JBI PACES). The data were gathered from 20 shift handovers on an adult medical ward. Data was analysed and, using JBI Getting Research Into Practice (GRIP) online programme, strategies were designed to close the gaps. 186 International Journal of Evidence-Based Healthcare 2014 University of Adelaide, Joanna Briggs Institute ABSTRACTS ©2016 University of Adelaide, Joanna Briggs Institute. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited. One of the strategies was to incorporate the acronym 'STRIPS' which stands for surveillance, tubes, referral, intervention, plan, and special note into the Trendcare, an online tracking of patients' acuity care. The second phase started with sharing of the audit results and implemented the strategy by educating nurses on how to apply the 'STRIPS' in addition to the 'ISHAPED' structure during handover. Another audit was conducted 4 weeks post implementation and data were analysed in PACES and disseminated to the nurses. Results: The sustaining audit after 6 months of the new practice, found that nurses were inconsistent to perform handover report at patient's bedside and patient was not involved in the plan of care. The results of the post implementation follow-up project showed that the compliance rate had improved for three criteria: an improvement of 90% compliance rate for verbal communication between nurse and patient during nursing handover; compliance rate for patient identification achieved 100% and 75% for the plan of care. Whereas, the compliance rate for relevant history and detail observations remained 100% and 95% respectively. Discussion/Conclusion: In order to sustain a practice change, monitoring compliant to the process and adhering to the practice has to be continuously carried out. Involving patients in the shift handover process and plan of care ensures the continuity of care and has improved the communication between nurses and patients and also between the nurses. Evaluation of the effects for applying early ambulation intervention in the knee surgery young patients after spinal anesthesia in a medical center in Taiwan


Objective:Inquire the operative sign of discectomy and summarize curative effect.Methods Summarize the operative sign and curative effest of 235 cases discectomg in 513 cases disc,the operative sign divides radiography and clinical,also choose two~three napes among and auomplish necessary operaive sign.Results:All cases were fllowed-up from 3 months to 10 years.The excellent and good rate were 91.63 percent.Conclusion:Adopt summarize and review of the team,think choose of operative sign were strin but loose.


The progress on calorons (finite temperature instantons) is sketched. In particular there is some interest for confining temperatures, where the holonomy (the asymptotic value of the Polyakov loop) is non-trivial. In the last section I give more recent results by others. Calorons with non-trivial holonomy Pierre van Baal


The prescient displaying approach for assessing cardiovascular gamble in medical services informatics is extremely challenging. Consequently, utilizing delicate figuring innovations to clinically assess clinical data sets and prescient displaying is viewed as a beneficial and practical decision for clinical specialists. Accordingly, delicate registering advances are essential in the present medical services applications since they can perform information examination and demonstrating and assist specialists with making ideal, precise clinical decisions. Information mining is the most common way of finding designs in a data set of wellbeing science factors that connect indicator factors. The displaying of convoluted, powerful frameworks is OK for existing information mining approaches. In this review, we propose a group model system for coordinating the prescient force of various classifiers' models for further developed expectation precision. To foresee and analyze the repeat of cardiovascular disease, this review utilizes group figuring out how to consolidate the demonstrating approaches of five classifiers, including support vector machines, fake neural networks, Credulous Bayesian, relapse examination, and arbitrary woods. Cleveland and Hungarian cardiovascular information records were taken from the UCI archive. The two most significant elements in myocardial localized necrosis determination are timing and exactness. Minor demonstrative slip-ups can essentially affect the length and cost of treatment as well as seriously jeopardized the patient. This study portrays a choice emotionally supportive network (DSS) for myocardial localized necrosis (MI) finding and the board, along with persistent pulse checking of the patient, based on neural networks and factual interaction control diagrams. In the whole world, heart disease is viewed as one of the main sources of death. Clinical experts find it challenging to foresee on the grounds that a complicated undertaking calls for experience and high level information. Presently, information mining and AI based clinical strong advances assume a huge part in the forecast of cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we propose a clever hybrid strategy for the expectation of cardiovascular disease utilizing an assortment of AI techniques, including Calculated Relapse (LR), Versatile Helping (AdaBoostM1), Multi-Objective Developmental Fluffy Classifier (MOEFC), Fluffy Unordered Rule Enlistment (FURIA), Hereditary Fluffy Framework LogitBoost (GFS-LB), and Fluffy Hybrid Hereditary Based AI.


A laser flying marking system with a galvanometer scanner could be widely used as a workhorse because the moving speed of product on the workline would not be affected while being marked. A laser flying marking system, with high-speed galvanometer scanners, was set up. Two kinds of marking effects, vector style and matrix style, were realized in the system. Different motion-tracing methods, including a closed-loop feedback tracing mode and an open-loop computing tracing mode, were studied and utilized in the control software. Experimental results show that the system using the closed-loop feedback motion-tracing method has more adaptability for variable-speed applications.


Wei Lin was born on September 7, 1934, in Chaoyang County, Guangdong Province of China. In 1952, he entered the Mathematics Department of Zhongshan (Sun Yat-Sen) University of Guangzhou, wherefrom he graduated in 1956. He furthered his postgraduate study in the same department and in 1960, he finished all the postgraduate courses and completed the thesis, majoring in geometric theory of complex functions. (Before 1977 there was no degree-system in China.) From September 1960, he worked as a lecturer at the Zhongshan University (ZSU) until 1978. (During this period there was almost no promotion for the faculty in colleges of China.) In 1978, Wei Lin was promoted as an associate professor and, in 1983, he was appointed to the position of professor at ZSU. In July 1986, he was approved as an advisor for PhD students by the Academic Degrees Committee of the State Council. In 1962, Professor Loo Keng Hua was invited to lecture at Zhongshan University. From the winter of 1962, under his guidance, Wei Lin and Ci Quian Wu studied the systems of partial differential equations. Professor Hua suggested to Lin and Wu that they should classify the linear systems into different types and systematically research each type separately. Two years later, they wrote the book Systems of Second-order Linear Partial Differential Equations with Constant Coefficients, Two Independent Variables and Two Functions (Science Press, China, 1979), in which they reduced the systems into the canonical form and investigated systematically the systems of hyperbolic, elliptic, parabolic, and composite types. In 1985, the book Second-order Systems of Partial Differential Equations in the Plane (Research Notes in Mathematics, Vol. 128, Pitman Publishing Inc.) was published, which is a further development of their earlier work, with some supplements and revisions on research reports by Professor R.P. Gilbert and W. Lin, and by Professor Y.K. Cheung and C.Q. Wu. Applications of partial differential equation systems to elasticity and their practical calculation are stressed in this book. In the 1970s, Lin turned to study and work in the automatics. He took charge of the design and regulation of two automatic engineering items. One was the Digital Control Steel-cutting Machine for a ship factory, and the other was the Computer Control of a Group of Plastic Molding Pressers. Both items have accepted the Scientific Awards from the Guangdong Province Scientific Committee. In the first one, Lin successfully applied the complex analysis method to solve the stability problem of a servo mechanism with silicon-controlled at intermittent current. During this period, Lin combined the partial differential equations to study the theory of the distributed control systems and, with


This paper proposes the novel predictive valley-peak current control for the dual active bridge (DAB) converter to improve dynamic responses. Theoretically, the reference current can be achieved in one switching cycle with this control strategy. Since the inductor valley and peak currents are both controlled, the predictive valley-peak current control strategy offers a fast over-current switch protection, and meanwhile eliminates the possible saturation of the high-frequency transformer. In this paper, detailed analyses of stability properties of the predictive current control are presented. Further, this paper discusses the influences of the measured deviations on the proposed predictive current control strategy. Finally, A DAB converter is modeled in Matlab/Simulink. The theoretical analyses are confirmed by the simulation results.


Analyzed were the results of treatment of 796 patients with bleeding gastroduodenal ulcers. Endoscopic hemostasis and hemorrhage relapse prophylaxis were performed in the main group (676 patients) by a method of individualized local treatment by glue applications depending on the ulcer defect condition. In the control group (120 patients), traditional therapy was carried out. It was found that usage of local treatment of bleeding gastoduodenal ulcers with glue applications reduces the risk of hemorrhage relapse by 3 times.


We further analyze a case of Interball LLBL crossing on the dusk flank of geomagnetosphere under southward magnetosheath magnetic field, previously categorized as an interval of highly structured LLBL. These conditions of highly structured LLBL include reconnection signatures. Observed ion velocity distributions with LLBL are quite variable. D-shaped distributions that are associated with the open reconnected flux tube are observed at the boundaries of LLBL transients and sometimes within the LLBL transients. In most cases the ion velocity distributions consist of two magnetosheath-type components with different velocities parallel to the magnetic field, or of three components one of which has nearly zero Vpar. The shapes of ion velocity distributions and their evolution with decreasing number density in LLBL indicate that most of LLBL is located on closed magnetic field lines. These observations strongly favor multiple reconnections between magnetosheath and magnetosphereric flux tubes, creating long spiral flux tube islands at the magnetopause. We report evidence for the simultaneous occurrence of magnetic reconnection at multiple points across the magnetopause, as has been proposed and found to occur in magnetopause simulations. The evidence is in the form of highly structured distributions of ions in velocity parallel to the local magnetic field direction, within the magnetopause and low latitude boundary layer region, from the Interball-Tall spacecraft. We interpret these distributions as a natural consequence of the formation of spiral magnetic flux tubes consisting of a mixture of alternating segments originating from the magnetosheath or interplanetary plasma and from the low latitude boundary layer or magnetospheric plasma. We further analyze a case of Interball LLBL crossing on the dusk flank of geomagnetosphere under southward magnetosheath magnetic field, previously categorized as an interval of highly structured LLBL. These conditions of highly structured LLBL include reconnection signatures. Observed ion velocity distributions with LLBL are quite variable. D-shaped distributions that are associated with the open reconnected flux tube are observed at the boundaries of LLBL transients and sometimes within the LLBL transients. In most cases the ion velocity distributions consist of two magnetosheath-type components with different velocities parallel to the magnetic field, or of three components one of which has nearly zero Vpar. The shapes of ion velocity distributions and their evolution with decreasing number density in LLBL indicate that most of LLBL is located on closed magnetic field lines. These observations strongly favor multiple reconnection between magnetosheath and magnetospheric flux tubes, creating long spiral flux tube islands at the magnetopause. We report evidence for the simultaneous occurrence of magnetic reconnection at multiple points across the magnetopause, as has been proposed and found to occur in magnetopause simulations. The evidence is in the form of highly structured distributions of ions in velocity parallel to the local magnetic field direction, within the magnetopause and low latitude boundary layer region, from the Interball-Tail spacecraft. We interpret these distributions as a natural consequence of the formation of spiral. We further analyze a case of Interball LLBL crossing on the dusk flank of geomagnetosphere under southward magnetosheath magnetic field, previously categorized as an interval of highly structured LLBL. These conditions of highly structured LLBL include reconnection signatures. Observed ion velocity distributions with LLBL are quite variable. D-shaped distributions that are associated with the open reconnected flux tube are observed at the boundaries of LLBL transients and sometimes within the LLBL transients. In most cases the ion velocity distributions consist of two magnetosheath-type components with different velocities parallel to the magnetic field, or of three components one of which has nearly zero Vpar.


According to the statement of the European Commission of Public Health, rare diseases (RDs) are a group of 'life-threatening or chronically debilitating diseases which are of such low prevalence that special combined efforts are needed to address them' (1). Epidemiological criteria are essential for their definition. In Europe, a disease whose prevalence is lower than one in 2,000 people is considered a RD, while in the USA prevalence of a RD is less than one in 1,500 people, derived from the definition of a disease affecting fewer than 200,000 Americans. The difference in the prevalence thresholds between Europe and the USA reflects the wide variability among individual jurisdictions dependent on the current estimates of the population size in the different countries (2). At present, about 7,000 different diseases are recognized as 'rare', and altogether, affect about 400 million people worldwide (3). In a considerable percentage of patients (nearly 30%), the diseases prolong into the adult age or manifest in the adult age. Thus, this is a field of medicine that concerns both pediatrician and adult physicians and spans across all medical and surgical specialties. Most RDs (about 80%) are caused by monogenic defects. However, a perturbed homeostatic response of the cell may activate other disease mechanisms, including autoimmunity and autoinflammation, susceptibility to infectious agents and cancer. In addition, the correlation between genotype and phenotype is often quite variable. In fact, in a number of RDs, affected genes control fundamental development processes resulting in a multifaceted clinical phenotype and multiorgan involvement. According to the Orphanet database, about 25% of rare patients die before 5 years, whereas an additional 37% have a reduced life expectancy, variably dependent on the severity of the RD (4). Too often, the diagnosis represents a big challenge. Because of the limited awareness of these conditions and the scarcity of centers with adequate clinical experience and laboratory skills, the diagnosis is difficult to achieve and is thus often delayed. Notably, the average time for a patient with a rare disease to receive an accurate diagnosis is nearly 5 years (3). Unfortunately, despite repeated costand time-consuming efforts, several (6%) remain undiagnosed (5). Even when a diagnosis is reached, often the treatment options are limited. In spite of the recent progresses, it is estimated that 95% of RDs still lack an FDA approved treatment. It may take 10–12 years for a new drug to be approved for the cure of rare disease patients (6). This long avenue is also partly dependent on the difficulties in conducting clinical trials in rare diseases (small cohorts of widely dispersed patients in both pediatric and adult age, lack of validated biomarkers and qualified endpoints). Therefore, RDs are also often referred to as 'orphan' to highlight the concept that effective treatments are lacking as not enough research and drug development efforts are devoted to that problem. It is worth noting that only one in two RDs has a foundation or research support group, thereby limiting the access to grant opportunities (3). The majority of research funding is assigned to the most frequent diseases or as a reaction to particular events. It should be noted however, that funding research on RDs would also benefit the more prevalent diseases, as a result of the novel cellular functions and targets discovered.


Arnold DL, Calabresi PA, Kieseier BC, Sheikh SI, Deykin A, Zhu Y, Liu S, You X, Sperling B, Hung S. Effect of peg-interferon beta-1a on MRI measures and achieving no evidence of disease activity: results from a randomized controlled trial in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. BMC Neurol. 2014 Dec 31;14(1):1058. Y Y Y N Exclude ADVANCE Combined outcome of relapse and disability progression Brinar V, Arnold DL, Cohen J, Coles AJ, Fox EJ, Hartung HP, et al. Alemtuzumab improves expanded disability status scale (EDSS) via effects on functional systems: CARE-MS II. Mult Scler 2013;1):283-284. N Exclude


Laws of religions can be compared in many different ways. Comparing some legal institutions and trying to identify differences and analogies is the simplest one. That is what Jacob Neusner and Tamara Sonn did with reference to Jewish and Islamic law.1 Anver Emon, Matthew Levering, and David Novak follow a more complex model in their Natural Law: Jewish, Christian, and Islamic Trialogue, where each author discusses the topic of natural law from the angle of a specic religious tradition and provides some comments on the presentations offered by the other authors.2 Norman Doe, who examines the laws of different Christian denominations, adopts a third pattern, drawing from their comparison some shared general principles that can help interreligious dialogue.3 In compiling Islamic and Jewish Legal Reasoning: Encountering Our Legal Other, editor Anver Emon proposes yet another comparative methodology, this one based on the reading of Jewish and Islamic legal texts and on the ensuing dialogue between scholars of these two religious and legal traditions. Each of these comparative approaches has its own strengths and weaknesses, and each should be evaluated according to the goals it wants to attain. In their introduction to Islamic and Jewish Legal Reasoning: Encountering Our Legal Other, Emon and contributor Robert Gibbs explain the reasons underlying the choice of approach for this volume. Their reading of the Jewish and Islamic texts is not driven by the aim of "reducing the two traditions to a common ground" (xiv), but rather by the intent to explore a key hypothesis underlying the whole book: "how might we better appreciate the traditions that we study if we also study the tradition of our 'other'" (xvii). This point had already been made by Neusner and Sonn, who open their book with Max Müller's famous dictum, "Who knows only one religion knows no religion,"4 and it reects the intuition implicit in many writings of Adam Seligman, another contributor to the Emon volume under review. Seligman argues that the aim and value of the dialogue between different cultural and religious traditions does not consist in overcoming differences but in accepting them as the path to and the tool for developing the ability of "living with difference," the title of a book he recently published.5 The dialectics between reason and authority—the authority of the sacred texts on the one hand and the reasoning of the legal expert on the other—is the ground chosen to test how much this particular comparative approach is effective in strengthening the understanding of one's religion, culture, and history through the study of the history, culture, and religion of his or her "other." The sacred texts, based on the authority of divine law, are constantly interpreted by scholars who make use of their reason to understand them and adapt them to the changing needs of a community. The interplay between text and interpretation allows the reader to recognize the role played by rational


Marked interest has developed in the past few years in the application of sonic and ultrasonic energy to biological systems. The method to be described in this paper was developed for the purpose of evaluating the effects produced when bacteria are treated by intense sound. So often in the literature which has appeared regarding the action of sound on various systems, the only criterion of the energy applied has been a rather inexact description of power in terms of that utilized by the electrical system driving the transducer employed. But no consideration has been given to the relative efficiencies of the two systems, nor has a base line been established in terms of the energy actually being applied to the substances under treatment. Electromechanical systems have been evaluated in terms of either power input of the electrical system or its power output, failing to take into consideration such losses as may occur either in the electrical system itself or in the transducer system. This also applies to the losses which must obviously exist in the extremely high frequency equipments which employ a quartz crystal, and in which the coupling between the oil and the container for the material being subjected to sound energies is comparatively inefficient. A series of experiments were undertaken to try to evaluate various vibrational devices in terms of the effects produced on organisms. These experiments were particularly timely in view of the fact that much interest has developed recently in the use of intense sound energies for the disruption of bacterial cells as a means of antigen production. Various experiments were conducted in which plate colony counts were employed as a measurement of the usefulness of the treatment of a viable suspension, or culture, of an organism. Attempts have been made to estimate the effects produced in terms of changes in protein nitrogen as a result of the rupture of bacterial cells. Both of these methods are laborious and timeconsuming. In the course of experiments conducted by the writer, one of the most noticeable effects was an increase in the apparent transparency of a suspension of organisms with the time of treatment. Consequently, a series of turbidimetric measurements were made and are reported herewith.


The Los Angeles I-10 field experiment has produced a large, comprehensive database on incidents and freeway traffic flow characteristics. Field data on incidents were collected through observations of probe vehicle drivers over a 12.5-km (7.8-mi) freeway section. Supplementary information was collected from the California Highway Patrol computeraided dispatch (CHP/CAD) system and freeway service patrol logs. The incident patterns at the study area are described, and the major factors affecting incident frequency and duration are identified. Comparisons of the findings with other databases are discussed. The effects of incidents on traffic flow are also investigated using the empirical data to determine the proportion and characteristics of delay-causing incidents.


The research started from the consideration that, although many aspects of the Milanese Early Renaissance are well known today, thanks to a vast literature, only few studies, so far, have paid attention to the ordinary world of architectural work - and its obscure protagonists - of this area and this period. Moving from the belief that this topic is crucial for a complete understanding of the 15th century architectural world, characterized by a progressive overlapping of roles and responsibilities in the worksites, this study aims to provide a contribution to expand the understanding of this matter, by focusing on a particular aspect of it: the role of the public administration in the architectural activity. In particular, the paper analyzes the characteristics of the "Office of the engineers of the Municipality of Milan", one of the major public architectural institution of the Duchy of Milan in the 15th century. Through an extensive archival survey, conducted in the major archives of Milan and Lombardy, the research achieves two main findings: a) the reconstruction of the complete Office staff throughout the 15th century and, b) an outline of the role and identity of the Office and its officers, through the elaboration of data collected. In particular, professional roles, technical duties, cultural background and tasks of the officers, together with Office management, appointment procedures and salary conditions are highlighted. This research, not meant as an ultimate study on the topic discussed, is intended to provide some material and reference points for further researches that will aim to expand the understanding of this matter.


This paper surveys some recent developments on the receding horizon scheme. We deal with mathematical models such as state space models of continuous variable systems and controlled Markov chains (CMC) of discrete event systems (DES). Common design objectives are addressed in order to achieve good properties and performance indices are described in terms of mathematical models. In this paper, we focus on the schemes with the receding horizon performance criteria and its advantages are discussed. Receding horizon schemes are introduced for both minimization and minimaximization criteria. In the case of state space models, we first start from a general nonlinear system and move to a linear system. Specially, we introduce the state feedback and the output feedback receding horizon controls with receding horizon estimators. A linear time delay and I/O systems are also discussed for applicability of the receding horizon scheme. For controlled Markov chains of discrete event systems, we also introduce receding horizon policies for average reward criteria and two person zero sum games.


In this article, we examine how urban resilience has emerged as a global urban policy project, offering solutions for cities about how they can adapt to and recover from shocks and stresses, particularly those associated with climate change. We conceptualize this as a multicentric global urban resilience complex, catalyzed until recently by the Rockefeller Foundation's 100 Resilient Cities initiative in concert with the World Bank. The complex is comprised of three components: (1) a global network of foundations, multilateral agencies, nongovernmental organizations, and private-sector goods and services providers, wielding differential power and influence; (2) measurement and assessment devices that both mobilize and define resilience; and (3) initiatives to marketize urban resilience as producing a dividend also for private-sector firms and investors. Northern institutions define what should be done, downscaling this as a sequence of practices, participatory agenda setting, strategizing, and implementation to be followed by cities. Examining how the complex has come to ground in Semarang and Jakarta, Indonesia, we identify ways in which it is reproduced but also criticized and contested. If the complex in many ways is driven by philanthrocapitalist and neoliberal norms and aspirations, its programs also are subject to critique and contestations at the local scale.


Urban forest parks play important roles in improving environments, protecting biodiversity and even public welfare. Aerosols, including total suspended particles (TSP) and particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5), were simultaneously collected in an urban forest park (Dafushan) at Guangzhou, southern China, from January 2012 to December 2013. The concentrations of 12 metals (Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn) in both TSP and PM2.5 were quantified using an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer. The origins and possible sources of the studied metals in the PM2.5 and TSP were evaluated using the crustal enrichment factors and the principal component analysis, respectively. The results showed that Dafushan urban forest park was polluted by PM2.5 rather than by TSP. The PM2.5 and TSP in the forest park exhibited seasonal patterns with significantly higher contents in the dry season compared with the rainy season. The metals Al, Zn, Pb were the most abundant, while Hg was the lowest metals in the aerosols. The ratios of PM2.5/TSP ratio indicated that the metals were predominant in the finer particles (PM2.5). The crustal enrichment factors indicated that Cd, Cu, Mo, Pb, Se and Zn in the aerosols originated from anthropogenic sources, while Al and Mn were mainly of crustal origin. The principal component analysis implied that industrial activities, traffic-related emissions, and soil dust were the main possible sources of the metals in both PM2.5 and TSP in Dafushan forest park.


A high performance ion exchange chromatographic method coupled with pulsed amperometric detection was established for the analysis of amylopectin chain-length distribution.The amylopectin was hydrolysised into unit chain under the function of isoamylase which can broke the α-1,6 chain of glucan.The determination method was optimized by comparing different chromatographic columns and elution conditions.Water,100 mmol/L NaOH and 1 mol/L NaAc+100 mmol/L NaOH aqueous solution were used as mobile phase,and the analysis of degree of polymerization(DP) more than 80 could be achieved by using CarboPac PA20 anion exchange column.Maize,cassava,potato and rice starch were selected as the example for the determination of chain-length distribution,which could be used to judge their molecular configurations.This method was proved to be simple,extensive and reproducible,and the RSD was less than 5% when the DP was under 65.The method could provide the basis for further research of physical and chemical properties of starch and breed improvement.


Threeand four-dimensional variational (3D-Var and 4D-Var) approaches to ocean data assimilation are discussed. Particular examples are taken from a variational assimilation system developed for the OPA ocean general circulation model. 4D-Var is shown to be globally superior to 3D-Var. There is considerable scope for improving the current 3D-Var system, however. The background-error covariances are identified as a critical area where significant improvement can be made to 3D-Var (and possibly 4D-Var). The cost benefits of 4D-Var versus 3D-Var should be carefully re-evaluated when improved versions of 3D-Var become available.


A capacitor-on-metal/via-stacked-plug (CMVP) memory cell was developed for 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS logic embedded FeRAM. Using 445/spl deg/C MOCVD Pb(Zr,Ti)O/sub 3/ process, a ferroelectric capacitor is formed after CMOS logic fabrication. Thus, FeRAM can be embedded without changing any logic devices and processes. Furthermore, this technology enables cell size reduction (3.2 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ for 1T1C), minimum process damage on ferroelectric, and low manufacturing cost.


A kind of 5-HT receptor stimulating agent oral cavity disintegration tablet and preparation method thereof, the present invention relates to a kind of 5-HT receptor stimulating agent oral cavity disintegration tablet and adopts freeze-drying to prepare prescription and the technique of 5-HT receptor stimulating agent oral cavity disintegration tablet.5-HT receptor stimulating agent oral cavity disintegration tablet of the present invention is prepared from by principal agent and pharmaceutic adjuvant, without the need to water when taking, can disintegrate rapidly after entrance, and be applicable to the medication of the dysphagia patients such as old man, child; Be adapted at, in tourism way, not easily obtaining the medication under the condition at water source simultaneously; There is taking convenience, absorb soon, first pass effect is little, to advantages such as digestive tract mucous membrane irritation are little, market application foreground is wide, and 5-HT receptor stimulating agent oral cavity disintegration tablet of the present invention obviously can reduce the side effect of 5-HT receptor stimulating agent.In addition, the invention still further relates to a kind of preparation method of 5-HT receptor stimulating agent oral cavity disintegration tablet.


There is so much differences in philosophy of life between the Chinese and the occidental. The Chinese advocate life unifying, which ideal life is identical with true life and lack of transcendental consciousness. But the occidental advocate duality, in their opinion, ideal life and true life may be self-existent. This mode of life possess intensitying transcendental consciousness. The difference of philosophy of life between the Chinese and the occidental due to the origin of consciousness of religion.


The study is devoted to the compositional evolution and interrelation of phases in SrTiO3 - PMN solid solution. Experimental evidences of an antiferrodistortive phase, a relaxor state and their coexistence are obtained.


OBJECTIVES
To report on a case of melanoma, a rare tumor type metastatic to the bladder.

METHOD/RESULTS
A case of melanoma metastatic to the bladder was incidentally discovered in a patient with urothelial cancer. The clinical features, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects are described.

CONCLUSIONS
In a patient with malignant melanoma presenting irritative micturion syndrome and/or hematuria, endoscopic bladder exploration with multiple random biopsy must be performed to rule out melanoma metastatic to the bladder metastasis.


The transfer of remainder labour force of country in Tujia national area is important thing that concerns to the building of well-to-do society and modernization in our china.We must class the remainder labour force of country by age and confirm transfer range.It is effective for government to resolve the problem of transfer of remainder labour force in country by affording blue print. Developing compulsory education and skill education,perfecting labour force market,providing nicety information are the key of how to transfer the remainder labour force of country in low develop area.


Abstract Previous research suggests that judgments of pain are subject to social influences, including characteristics of the person in pain, the judge, and the social context in which the judgment occurs. In this experiment, eight vignettes describing a person with chronic low back pain were varied as a function of patient ethnicity (Caucasian vs African-American), litigation status (litigant vs non-litigant), and medical evidence (strong vs weak). Participants (N= 116) read vignettes, made attributions of causality for the person's pain and disability, and evaluated the severity of the pain syndrome. Pain and disability were perceived as more legitimate when the person in pain was a non-litigant and when medical evidence was strong. Evaluations of syndrome severity were more extreme when evidence was strong. A three-way interaction indicated that judgments may have been influenced by ethnic stereotypes. These findings substantiate the influence of social variables in judgments of persons with pain.


Psychoeducational evaluation of school-aged children may involve a comparison of examinees' language comprehension and production skills. To facilitate the diagnostic process, this paper presents a table of critical values for the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals—Revised, which can be used to evaluate the statistical significance of observed-score discrepancies. Theoretical implications of such discrepancies are also discussed.


To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of three brief cognitive screening (BCS) tools, Peruvian version of Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE‐Pe), of INECO Frontal Screening (IFS‐Pe) and of the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE‐Pe), for the diagnosis of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) and its non‐dementia stages (VCI‐ND) and vascular dementia (VD) in patients with cerebral stroke in Lima—Peru.


This study analyses some issues and actors involved in the conflicts, being classified into four stages, arising from the process of local administrative district consolidation. Policy implications from this research may be useful for the conflict management in the process of Local Government Restructuring. This research identifies the issues and actors as following: ① issues of taking the initiative and timing for consolidation by mayors(at the stage of latent conflict) ② issue of consolidation effects by mayors, local assembly members and civic groups(at the stage of increasing conflict) ③ issues of a pledge of central government"s support by President, member of National Assembly, Central Government Official(at the stage of manifest conflict) ④ issues of persuading local assembly members and accepting the result(at the stage of aftermath conflict). Over time, issues and actors in each conflict stage may be emerged with fluctuation, and an important point is the fact that issues emerged at the fist stages was constantly discussed.


We investigate numerically and experimentally the negative refraction of surface acoustic waves in two-dimensional phononic crystals in the MHz range. We performed high-performance time-domain simulations of propagating broadband surface acoustic waves with the Finite Element Method (FEM) and spatio-temporal imaging by means of pulsed optical excitation and interferometric detection. Experimental and numerical evidence is found for negative refraction from surface wave focusing at particular frequencies after wave propagation through a parallel-sided phononic crystal layer. Obliquely incident plane waves on a phononic crystal were also investigated by numerical simulations. The transmitted waves show a clear shift of the wave front at particular frequencies, providing further evidence for negative refraction of the surface acoustic waves.


Actor George Clooney was hospitalized recently after a minor motorcycle accident. He cracked a rib, but that wasn't the worst of it. Star-struck hospital employees who weren't involved in his care accessed his medical record, no doubt hoping to find some celebrity gossip.


Abstract Phosphoryl and silyl chlorides phosphonoalkylation lead to the direct generation of phosphonyl-phosphonyl and phosphonyl-silyl carbanions the properties of which are discussed.


We perform a theoretical study of the optical dynamics of a hybrid system comprised of a closely spaced semiconductor quantum dot (SQD) and a metal nanoparticle (MNP). We show that, depending on the strength of the SQD-MNP coupling, the system can manifest bistability in the optical response. The SQD population demonstrate a hysteresis behavior upon sweeping adiabatically up and down the input intensity. We calculate the relaxation time required for the SQD population to reach its steadystate value and show that close to a critical intensity of the input, at which the SQD population switches from a lower to a higher value, the relaxation time is slowing down dramatically.


INTRODUCTIONIn its latest report, the National Bridge Inventory revealed that 603,168 bridges currently exist in the United States.1 The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) rated 25 percent of these bridges as "deficient." The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) announced in their 2009 Bottom Line Report that 50 percent of US bridges are more than forty years old without sufficient information on their current condition.2 And although these represent 50 percent of the bridges, they are responsible for 80 percent of structural deficiencies and about 75 percent of total deficiencies.Wardhana and Hadipriono collected 503 cases of bridge failures that occurred from 1989 to 2000 in the United States. They concluded that the dominant types of failed bridges are steel beam/girder and steel truss bridges, which represent 50 percent of the total bridge failures. The next significant cases involve failures of concrete beam/girder and concrete slab bridges, representing 11 percent. It should be highlighted that the leading cause of bridge failures are flood/scour (48 percent).3Further, the visual inspection of bridges regulated by the FHWA has limited capabilities in detecting all possible damages in bridges and there is the potential to miss damage that appears between inspection intervals. Based on the current condition of bridges, the need for global damage detection methods that can be applied to complex structures has led to the development of methods that examine changes in the vibration characteristics of the structure.DiscussionThe primary objective of this research is to develop and evaluate a rapid vibration-based damage detection (VBDD) technique capable of evaluating the condition of a bridge following an extreme hydro-meteorological event. This technique relies on the effect of scour at submerged piers on the response of the bridge superstructure without any underwater instrumentation.Research SignificanceExtreme natural hazards, particularly hydro-meteorological disasters, are emerging as a cause of major concern in coastal regions. From a structural point of view, hydraulic loading due to flood and scour is responsible for about 50 percent of the failed bridges in the United States.4 Scour failures tend to occur suddenly and without prior warning or signs of distress to the structure. The nature of the failure may lead to collapse of the bridge. During floods, the flowing water tends to excavate pits in front of the submerged bridge piers. As the velocity of floodwater decreases, the suspended sediments precipitate and fill the excavated pits. Consequently, following inspections and measures cannot furnish indications on the maximum depth reached by erosion during flood.5 Moreover, the suspended sediments that fill the excavated pits do not provide good confinement for the pile since they are not as compacted as the rest of the soil. Therefore, rapidly assessing the condition of bridges after an event will inform the decision making process in the context of assessing evacuation and first responders' routes. It should be mentioned that, after meeting with NCDOT Division 3 maintenance engineers, the most reliable way to measure the level of scour is by underwater investigation using divers. Further, underwater investigations are performed once every four years, or when a bridge is overtopped.Research MethodologyVBDD techniques have shown success in detecting several types of damage, such as fatigue cracking in steel beams. Since the primary objective of this research is to develop a damage detection framework capable of rapidly detecting critical damage of the superstructure as well as scour, VBDD techniques were selected to study their sensitivity for detecting scour. For this investigation, an idealized structure representing a two-span continuous bridge was selected. …


Full-scale pyrolysis of faecal sludge is a credible technology for the safe removal of pathogens and the concurrent creation of biochar, which has been shown to enhance crop productivity. Faecal sludge biochar has the potential to improve acidic, low nutrient soils and crop yield in developing nations more at risk of climate change and food insecurity. Little research has been conducted into public acceptance of faecal sludge biochar as a soil enhancer in agriculture. In this study of the public in Swansea, Wales, an online survey examines their awareness of, and comfort levels of eating food grown using biosolids, wood biochar and faecal sludge biochar. Our findings show that males were almost twice as likely than females to have a positive perception of biosolids (OR 1.91, p value 0.004) and faecal sludge biochar (OR 2.02, p value 0.03). Those in the oldest age group (65+) were almost five times more likely to have a positive view of faecal sludge biochar than the youngest age group (OR 4.88, p value 0.001). Deployment of faecal sludge biochar must overcome a "disgust effect" related to its human faecal origins. This factor must be centrally taken into account when implementing management and policy decisions regarding the land application of biosolids and faecal sludge biochar.


The effets of fluoroglycofen-ethyl emulsion in water on controlling the broadleaf weeds in millet field,the yield and economic benefit of millet were studied.The results showed that the weed control effect was the best and the economic benefit was the highest when the concentration of fluoroglycofen-ethyl emulsion in water was 450 mL/hm2.


About 12 meteorite craters lie within a quarter sqt'lare mile near Henbury, Northern Territory, Australia. Nine craters, some of which are completely filled basins, range in diameter from about 20 to 210 feet. The largest craters form a close group comprising two complete craters about 230 and 300 feet in diameter and two craters about 390 and 480 feet in diameter that overlap to form an oval crater 600 feet long. The depth of the largest crater reaches 50 feet, and the rim is raised about 20 feet above the surrounding surface. The bedrock, belonging to the Whmall Beds of late Precambrian age, consists of weakly indurated shale and siltstone and less abwldant moderately indurated sandstone. The bedrock dipped homoclinally about 35° before the impact. The larger craters formed on a gently sloping surface covered by a thin layer of pediment gravel. Rock exposed in crater walls and rims has been displaced outward from the craters. A variety of mechanisms were involved in the displacement. Three types of folds were recognized in the larger era ters : 1. Tangential folds having steeply dipping axial planes. These folds are commonly asymmetric, the limb away from the crater being vertical or overturned, and were formed by compressional stresses radial to the crater. Such folds are dominant in the lower walls. 2. Folds whose axial planes dip toward the crater at low angles, approximately parallel to the crater wall. These folds were formed by shearing stresses parallel to those wWch produced the wall of the original crater itself. Such folds are shallow and are found where the original crater wall is least eroded. 3. Punchlike folds, convex outward from the crater, having nearly horizontal axial planes. These folds were formed by outward stresses sharply localized within the crater wall. The craterward limbs of folds of the first type are commonly thrust over the crest; thrust faults parallel the axial planes of folds of the second type and form the boundaries of folds of the third type. Other overthrusts that have low and intermediate dips in the crater walls and on the rims are not closely associated with folds. Underthn1sts occur low in the crater walls. On the downdip side of the Main Crater, the beds steepen upward in the crater wall, becoming vertical and then overturned to form a flap of inverted strata lying on the precrater surface. The units in tws flap have been greatly thinned, which indicates that shearing along planes at a small angle to the bedding took place simultaneously with folding. Along part of the rim, the entire axial region of such a synclinal rim fold bas been thrust out over the precrater surface. The flanks of the rim farther from the cra.ter are covered by fragmental debris in which fragments from different bedrock units are in general unmixed. Scattered impact-mel·ted. glass fragments may represent a layer of fallout from the largest crater that has been nearly removed by erosion. Rock in the wall between two craters that are close together but do not intersect was thrown inrto a series of folds with approximately vertical axial planes parallel to the common wall. Where the centers of impact are closer, as in the two craters that form the Main Crater, the middle part of the intenening wall was eliminated, and rock in the outer parts was folded about axes approximately. normal to the commoo chord and thrust outward along the extension of the common chord. Some Q·f the slices were thrust over the precrater surface for as much a~ 80 feet. The outer edges of some slices a·re turned under where the main mass has ridden over them. Cross sections through the pile of imbricate slices suggest an Alpine nappe structure. Details of fault surfaces indicate that the structural blocks separated by faults were not in contact during deformation; rather, each block was displaced outward and rotated to a large degree independently of its neighbors. This indicates a momentary. dilation that probably resul'ted. Largely from the interaction of stresses from the two craters, although there is evidence that some dilation occurred in the walls where only a single cra,;tei" was involved.


This article is part of research results published in year 2011. Research methodology is descriptive-correlation and statistical universe is employees of Lorestan University by having education of minimum Bachelor's Degree. 200 persons were selected by using random method. Data were collected by using questionnaire of Alen Vemir and Bavel Laver which was analyzed by using simple correlation analysis, variance analysis and regression analysis. Results of research reveal that partnership of university employees on organizational decision making has 3 components including: influence and control, access to information, organizational improvers that have significant multi correlation with organizational commitment and 3 fields (affective, continuance, normative). Results of research reveal that employees' partnership in making decision (influence, control and accessing to information) may justify 20% affective aspect of organizational commitment and accessing to information may explain 17% normative aspects and organizational controllers may explain 16% aspect of continuance organizational commitment. In addition partnership in making decisions of university may explain 51% organizational commitment of employees.


The prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) and hypertension increases with age and their coexistence significantly increases the risk of stroke, especially in elderly. Blood pressure (BP) measurement in patients with AF is difficult and uncertain due to inherent increased beat-to-beat BP variability, and AF patients represent a classic exclusion criterion in hypertension clinical trials leading to limited research data. In this issue of the Journal of Clinical Hypertension, Kario et al1 assessed BP control in elderly patients with non-valvular AF based on office (OBP) and home (HBP) BP measurements. The authors showed that among 4936 AF patients with hypertension, mainly treated, 28%, 13%, 23%, and 36% had well-controlled, white-coat, masked and sustained hypertension, respectively.1 This is the first study to report hypertension phenotypes in a large sample of AF patients with hypertension using OBP and HBP. These findings are in line with respective studies in non-AF patients, and stress the role of out-of-office BP monitoring for the accurate assessment of BP control also in AF hypertensives since OBP measurements are often misleading.2 However, this study raises important additional research questions including: (a) how accurate is BP measurement in AF and which method should be used? (b) do classic office BP measurements in AF have prognostic ability? (c) what is the role of out-of-office BP monitoring in AF? (d) are the established BP thresholds and targets applicable in AF patients? The accuracy of BP measurement is crucial in AF patients as in sinus-rhythm individuals. The 2018 guidelines by the European Society of Cardiology/European Society of Hypertension (ESC/ESH) state that "additional BP measurements may have to be performed in patients with unstable BP values due to arrhythmias, such as in patients with AF, in whom manual auscultatory methods should be used as most automated devices have not been validated for BP measurement in patients with AF."3 However, this statement in favor of the auscultatory method comes in contrast with the clinical practice where automated oscillometric BP monitors are increasingly used for OBP measurement, and almost exclusively used for out-of-office BP monitoring (home and ambulatory [ABP]). In the study by Kario et al, validated mercury, aneroid, or electronic sphygmomanometers (as per the method routinely used at each institution) were used for OBP and upper-arm cuff automated oscillometric BP monitors for HBP monitoring.1 The evidence from validation studies of automated electronic BP monitors in AF is limited and methodologically heterogeneous.4 A recent meta-analysis suggested reasonable accuracy in measuring systolic BP (pooled average systolic BP difference 1.0 mmHg, 95% CI −0.1, 2.1), and a small yet consistent overestimation of diastolic BP (2.1 mm Hg, 95% CI 0.1, 4.0).4 The 2019 AAMI/ESH/ISO Universal Standard (ISO 810602:2018) for the validation of BP monitors refers to AF patients as a "special population" requiring separate validation, yet it is stated that "there is no agreed reference BP measurement and validation procedure for patients with AF."5 Thus, a validation protocol specifically for AF patients needs to be developed. Recently, a modified validation procedure of the Universal Standard (ISO 81060-2:2018) was applied to validate a novel professional oscillometric upper-arm cuff device (Microlife WatchBP Office), which has an algorithm for detecting AF and then applies a BP measurement algorithm which is specific to AF.6 The device algorithm fulfilled all the validation criteria in AF patients despite the expected high reference BP variability which made the validation test more difficult to pass.6 Such advances in automated BP measurement technology are reassuring for employing professional automated BP measurement in AF patients.6