BACKGROUND: Bacterial cellulose (BC) synthesized by Acetobacter xylinum has been shown to be a potential matrix for impregnating carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to produce bacterial cellulose/carbon nanotubes (BC/CNTs) nanocomposite. The objective of this study was to investigate the crystal structure of BC/CNTs nanocomposite after acetylation treatment. Approximately 0.05 w/v% CNTs were added onto continuously developed BC. Then, the BC/CNTs nanocomposite was acetylated heterogeneously.

RESULTS: The crystallinity characteristic of formed BC/CNTs acetate was analyzed using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The crystallization index (CrI) of BC/CNTs acetate was better than BC acetate, i.e. 97:3 and 93:7, respectively. The crystallite size of BC microfibrils in BC/CNTs sheet was reduced because of the impregnated CNTs. However, the reduction of crystallite size for BC/CNTs acetate was lower than that of BC acetate showing that the existence of CNTs within BC micofibrils had protected the BC crystal structure from further destruction by acetylating agent.

CONCLUSION: CNTs is a powerful substance that acted as a void filler between BC crystalline structure and protected the nano-biocomposite from total degradation by the acetylation process. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry


In this dissertation the problem of semi-supervised spectral unmixing is studied. We describe a framework of Bayesian techniques that take into account the special characteristics of hyperspectral data and exploit the prior knowledge of the model's constraints. The assumption of sparsity on the unmixing process is introduced, which leads to the development of efficient schemes for spectral unmixing. Besides, a novel method for Bayesian inference is proposed, termed BI-ICE, which is computationally efficient, and can be considered as a first-moments approximation to variational inference methods. Experimental results conducted both on simulated and real hyperspectral data are presented that illustrate the robust estimation performance of the proposed sparsityinducing methods.


The invention discloses a giant-salamander-shaped local snack with a special flavor and a preparation method of the local snack. The giant-salamander-shaped local snack is mainly prepared from the following main ingredients such as green bean starch, sweet potato starch and corn starch, auxiliary materials such as white granulated sugar, a sour agent, pepper oil, rhizoma kaempferiae and dried scallop and pigments such as spinach juice and carrot juice according to a certain weight ratio. A preparation process is fine, and the local snack is unique in material selection, rich in nutrition and delicious and tasty.


Software-defined networks facilitate automatic poli- cy enforcement with dynamic routing of flows through a sequence of middleboxes that offer the required network functions. As a result, network policy enforcement based on middleboxes, which is tedious and error-prone to perform in traditional IP networks, is greatly simplified. However, TCAM-based flow tables in SDN are small and energy-demanding, which limits the scalability of policy enforcement. This paper proposes a hybrid SDN-label switching scheme that combines TCAM- based switching (in SDN) at the network edge with label switching in the network core to provide scalable policy enforcement without compromising per-flow management capability. A linear optimization is proposed to balance workloads among the middleboxes. We demonstrate on OMNET++ that our proposed solution incurs much smaller processing/communication overhead and achieves better load-balancing when comparing with the prior art.


In recent years, we have moved from a stable and predictable environment to a situation of constant changes, strong competition and uncertainty, and where there is a fuzzy boundary line between the criminal and the purely unscrupulous. The States have therefore considered extra measures to control how the management team carries out its duties in order to detect overambitious profit management by means of the socalled good governance practices of the company. In Spain, these recommendations were set out in the Olivencia and Aldama reports, and recently in the Draft Unified Code of Recommendations Regarding Good Practices in Listed Companies. This paper aims to investigate whether there are differences between the recommendations of the different codes and whether these will force the companies to restructure their Board of Directors in relation to its structure, organisation and operating, along with the Auditing Commissions. We will therefore compare the most important and referential contents of these codes on those issues.


Abstract : The nonlinear Schroedinger equation occurs in the study of some problems in nonlinear optics (propagation of laser beams through the atmosphere or in a plasma). The main novelty of the present result that it applies to the propagation of beams in channels (instead of the whole space). The proof relies on a new Sobolev-Orlicz embedding inequality which could be useful in other situations.


A criminologist has been using national self-report surveys to estimate the incidence of self-defense gun use in the United States (Kleck 199 I). His most recent estimate is that civilians use guns in self-defense against offenders more than 2.5 million times each year (Kleck and Gertz 1995). This figure has been widely cited, not only by the National Rifle Association but in the media and in Congress. A criminologist in Canada is touting high self-defense estimates for that country, derived from similar self-report surveys (Mauser 1995). All attempts at external validation of the 2.5 million figure show that it is an enormous overestimate (Hemenway, in press). For example, in 34% of the times a gun was used for self-defense, the offender was allegedlycommitting a burglary. In other words, guns were reportedly used by defenders for self-defense in approximately 845,000 burglaries. From sophisticated victimization surveys, however,we know that there were fewer than 6 million burglaries in the year of the survey and in only 22% of those cases was someone certainly at home (1.3 million burglaries). Since only 42% of U.S. households own firearms,


Abstract : Project DANNY BOY was an excavation project for the PLOWSHARE Program and consisted of the detonation of a low-yield nuclear device in the basalt mesa in Area 18 at the Nevada Test Site of the U. S. Atomic Energy Commision. The primary purpose in the tests was to give data on: amount, distribution, and decay of radioactivity released by a nuclear cratering detonation buried near optimum depth-of-burst in a hard medium, cratering capability of nuclear explosions in a hard, dry, noncarbonate medium such as basalt, and character of seismic shock and air-blast from a nuclear detonation near optimum depth-of-burst in basalt. The tests presented in the report were conducted to both furnish information as to the physical properties of the in-place material for use in designing special grout mixtures to be used in the embedment of various types of instruments in the site area and also to furnish information as to the characteristics of the in-place material prior to shot time. (Author)


Of course these points recur-a judicious comment here, a parenthesis there-but they are not held in tension as (often contradictory) aspects of the continuing labour of maintaining both the institution itself, and the object of its existence-a broadcasting service to the whole of society. The discontinuities as well as the continuities; the steps backward here, forward there; the efforts to break new ground; the sense, the feel for the audience as society (as distinct from the information supplied by the Audience Research Unit)-these things get submerged in a massive rolling account of broadcasting's advances on all fronts. By now I have come to take for granted all the obvious merits of this continuing history of broadcasting. I know I shall use this latest volume as I have used all others; as an indispensable sourcebook, for its notes and references; as an invaluable guide through the thickets of broadcasting's developments-regionalism, the fourteen day rule, the tri-partite restructuring of radio. Huge, scholarly, definite-these things hardly need saying now-a depository for future toilers in this particular historical vineyard. We may have, I suspect, a long wait for the next volume. But I look forward to seeing how Briggs will handle, and what he will tell us of, the next ten yearsundoubtedly the most fascinating and most complex in broadcasting's history.


One important aspect of parole recidivism rates is the parole agent's designation of the client as a "success" or a "failure." This means that recidivism is not totally an attribute of the client but that it represents, in part, a judgment by the worker. This paper examines parole agent responses to ten hypothetical case histories of parolees and the factors that influence these responses.


Perception is a direct response of something. The process of a person kno ws things through his five senses. This study aim ed to determine paddy farmers perceptions on the role of agricultural extension worker and Gapoktan i n Bukit Raya Village, Tenggarong Seberang S ub regency , Kutai Kartanegara Regency. T his study collected primary data and secondary data . Sampling use d p urposive method and number of samples of 4 0 respondents. Data were analyzed by descriptive. The results of this study showed farmers perception on the role of field agriculture instruct ure has a total score of 3 , 551 and it is classified as good. While farmers perception on the role of Gapoktan has a total score of 1 , 706 and it is classified as good.


The education function of Confucian poems influences later generations' poetic theory and creation with its strong political education function and emphasis on moderation,but thesis of the comprehensive analysis on the reasons of its long popularity is rare.This thesis intends to analyze the reasons why the education function of Confucian poems can pass on from generation to generation from the following aspects: the relationship between ritual-music politics and Poems;the requirements of Confucian political idea of "ruling with morality" to the poems' education function;the influence of Confucian main-stream ideology under the theocracy system to poems' education function;the literary intelligentsia politics makes it possible that Confucian and Confucian poems education function popular for long times.This thesis also intends to emphasize that we should understand correctly Confucian poems' education function and its influence.


Introduction In 2015, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that 1.13 billion people worldwide were affected by high blood pressure (hypertension) [1]. As far as diabetes is concerned, in 2019, the world will have at least 463 million people suffering from type 2 diabetes (T2D) [2]. Adding to the enormous direct and indirect health costs associated to these two conditions, hypertension and T2D are two major public health problems. ABSTRACT Introduction: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and high blood pressure (HBP) are a frequent duo with potentiation of micro and macrovascular complications.


In some countries (eg Australia, Canada and the USA) institutional ethical committees, consisting of people with a range of backgrounds, play a major role in regulation of the use of animals in research. Although some organizations in the UK have, in recent years, established committees or other ethical review processes to oversee ethical and other aspects of animal experimentation, there has been no government requirement for this. After debate and consultation on the matter, it has been announced that the Secretary of State now requires that an ethical review process be established and maintained in each establishment designated under Section 6 or 7 of the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986 (ASPA). Before 1 April 1999, all such establishments which do not already have viable ethical review processes are now required to develop these, and to explain and test them with ASPA Inspectorate. From that date, a local ethical review process will be required as a standard condition for all work carried out under the ASPA and for breeding and supply establishments.


The paper concerns the problem of selecting an appropriate semi-supervised learning algorithm based on validating assumptions that the algorithm is based on for the particular dataset. This enables the selection of the fittest algorithm to achieve the best possible model accuracy. In this paper, we provide an overview of four primary semi-supervised assumptions, introduce the definition of metrics used to evaluate the assumption, provide a taxonomy of common semi-supervised algorithms and assumptions based on, and evaluate the proposed methodology on the synthetic too-moons dataset. The results indicate prospects of improving methodologies further by refining and introducing new metrics.


The current study aimed to provide a comprehensive analysis of linguopalatal contact patterns in participants with acquired apraxia of speech (AOS). Tongue‐to‐palate contacts were recorded for three participants with AOS during consonant singletons and consonant clusters using the Reading Electropalatograph (EPG3) system. Amount and pattern of linguopalatal contact were analysed using qualitative and quantitative analysis methods and the degree of spatial variability was quantified. The results obtained for each of the apraxic speakers were individually compared to those obtained by a control group (n = 5). Misdirected articulatory gestures and distorted spatial configurations for alveolar fricatives were detected in the linguopalatal contact patterns recorded for each of the participants with AOS. Lingual overshoot, right‐side dominant contact, and increased spatial variability were also evidenced by some participants. True omission errors were absent. Overall, the combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis techniques proved valuable in providing a comprehensive analysis of linguopalatal contact in AOS. Results provided support for a motoric account of articulatory and prosodic deficits in AOS.


Original Research Article Pharmaceutical excipients improve the safety and homogeneity of pharmaceutical drugs, and, thus, increase their usefulness. By definition, pharmaceutical excipients must not disturb the influence of medical therapy with drugs; however, some have been shown to affect epithelial membrane proteins and induce changes in the structure of tight junctions and function of drug transporters, which may alter the disposition of drugs. To clarify alterations in the absorption behavior of drugs by pharmaceutical excipients, the present study examined the effects of pharmaceutical excipients on membrane transport via the transcellular route, which is the main membrane permeation route for lipophilic drugs. The effects of twenty common pharmaceutical excipients from different classes on the mucosal membrane were also investigated, and variations in these effects between different regions of the small intestine were assessed. The in vitro sac method was employed to examine the effects of pharmaceutical excipients on the membrane permeation of -naphthol in the rat jejunum and ileum. -Naphthol is a drug that permeates through the transcellular route. The membrane permeability of -naphthol was significantly altered under the dosage conditions of pharmaceutical excipients. Furthermore, the effects of pharmaceutical excipients were site-specific (jejunum and ileum) in the small intestine. The present results demonstrated that some pharmaceutical excipients altered membrane permeability via the transcellular route in the rat small intestine.


The Marcell Experimental Forest (MEF), carved out of northern Minnesota's aspen, pine, and swamp forests in 1959, turned 50 years old in 2009. Established to investigate the role of peatlands in the northern Lake States region, its instrumented watersheds include nutrient-poor bogs and nutrient-rich fens (organic-soil wetlands) along with glacial-till moraines and deep sandy drift. Unlike most experimental watersheds in the eastern and western mountains of the United States, the MEF is flat, wet, and tied to the regional groundwater system. The establishment of the MEF and watershed research by the USDA Forest Service in Minnesota parallels the first scientific assessments of forests and water and their interaction.


PURPOSE
Esthetic prefabricated pediatric crowns require more tooth reduction than stainless steel crowns due to their passive fit. The purpose of this study was to determine tooth reduction in primary molar preparations for various pediatric prefabricated crowns.

METHODS
Fifty primary maxillary and fifty mandibular typodont molars were scanned with an optical scanner. The teeth were mounted in a typodont, and 10 experienced pediatric clinicians prepared them for five types of pediatric prefabricated crowns: (1) stainless steel (SS); (2) zirconia EZCrowns™ (EZ); (3) NuSmile ® ZR (NS); (4) Zirconia Kinder Krowns ® (KD); and (5) an experimental composite crown (PS). The prepared teeth were rescanned, and the pre- and postpreparation scans were precisely aligned. Mean and maximum reduction depths were calculated for occlusal and mesio- buccal surfaces. Differences in reduction among crown types were compared using one-way analysis of variance followed by the Student-Newman- Keuls post hoc test (α equals 0.05).

RESULTS
Reduction depths were not significantly different among the esthetic crowns but were significantly higher than SS crowns. Maximum reduction exceeded two mm in some of the KD and NS crown preparations, with KD consistently showing the highest reduction.

CONCLUSIONS
Preparations for esthetic prefabricated molar crowns were more extensive than SS crowns, especially at occlusal and mesiobuccal surfaces. Clinicians should carefully follow manufacturer preparation guidelines to avoid encroaching the mesiobucccal pulp horn.


The wrapping operation causes discontinuities in phase angle measurements from synchrophasor devices. While various unwrapping algorithms traditionally used for synchrophasor data have proven effective under typical operating conditions, they are likely to fail when faced with atypical data because of equipment malfunctions. For example, the underestimation of the phase angle jump when the data originates from a device with an internal clock or other timing mechanism can introduce this kind of error. This letter proposes using an unscented Kalman filter (UKF) for unwrapping one dimensional synchrophasor data. This technique is especially suitable for analyzing low-quality data. The effectiveness of this method is demonstrated on real phase angle measurements from devices with documented timing issues in the Dominion Energy power system.


iii TABLE OF CONTENTS v LIST OF TABLES x LIST OF FIGURES xiii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xvi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background .................................................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Hypothesis ................................................................................................................................................... 3 1.3 Objectives of the study ............................................................................................................................ 3 1.4 Structure of the thesis ............................................................................................................................. 4 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 6 2.1 Raw materials for the brewing of rice wine ..................................................................................... 6 2.1.1 Rice ......................................................................................................................................................... 6 2.1.2 Starter for fermentation of rice wine ...................................................................................... 10 2.2 Rice brewing process ............................................................................................................................ 12 2.2.1 Rice polishing ................................................................................................................................... 12 2.2.2 Rice cooking ..................................................................................................................................... 15 2.2.3 Fermentation of rice wine ........................................................................................................... 18 2.3 Aroma compounds in rice wine ........................................................................................................ 24 2.4 The formation of the aroma compounds during the brewing of rice wine ..................... 29 2.4.1 Higher alcohols, aldehydes and organic acids from amino acids ................................ 29 2.4.2 Esters ................................................................................................................................................... 30 2.4.3 Organic acids .................................................................................................................................... 33


Abstract In the diverse space of contemporary music, the fascinating and controversial personality of the Welsh composer Karl Jenkins, which is surprising from several perspectives, stands out. Open to assimilating and processing music from various sources (academic, liturgical, folk, entertainment, oriental, exotic), the all-round musician Karl Jenkins impresses the public with unexpected artistic choices, giving up the hypostasis of instrumentalist of the jazz-rock band Nucleus and of the group Softmachine in favour of the postmodern creator he has become today, synthetizing trends from musical compositions of the last decades of the 20th century. Once with the return to the functional system, either through minimalism or through neo-romanticism, the artist has successfully covered a potential sonority path of modern opposites, also evoking references to creative models of the past. We are referring to the musical valorizing of the sacred in a synthetic vision between tradition and innovation, in the works included in the Adiemus cycle, in the opus choir Missa for Peace and, more particularly, in the Requiem (2005), a significant score in the contemporaneity. The manner in which the composer, while resorting to a musical genre originating from the Roman Catholic cult and drawing on the liturgical text of the Mass for the dead, inserted Japanese poetry, written following the structure of haiku, belonging to representative authors - Gozan Koshigaya, Issho Kosughi, Hokusai Katsushika, Kaga-no-Chiyo, is highly surprising. This study aims to highlight the interweaving imagined by Karl Jenkins between the two cultures as well as to conduct a semantic analysis of an opus in which the relationships between music and words entail a highly emotional response.


new-type tests, the uses of tests, changing test scores into marks, and administrative problems in testing. The author evidently believes in what he preaches, for he has included at the end of the book a comprehensive new-type test on the book itself. The volume is not in any sense a research report. It is a well-organized collection of constructive suggestions, apparently formulated through the exercise of the author's judgment and by consulting the experience of the best writers and teachers. The reviewer believes that the author has done well the very important and worthy task which he has attempted. C. C. CRAWFORD


Abstract A sample of 318 stipendiary male clergy in the Church of England who held responsibility for rural parishes completed a modified form of the Maslach Burnout Inventory together with a questionnaire designed to assess their practice of ministry. The data suggest that an unacceptably high number of rural clergy show signs of emotional exhaustion from their ministry and that burnout is reflected in many subtle ways in the practice of ministry.


In this study, directional solidification method was used for preparing multicrystalline grade silicon ingot. We have studied three technological parameters which influenced the results of the removal efficiency of the impurities. Experimental results showed that an integral silicon ingot with high-quality is successfully fabricated. Element analysis revealed that the metal impurities Al, Fe and Ca were concentrated in the middle of the silicon ingot mostly. It was inferred that we should carry on more directional solidification experiments to remove the metal impurities. Moreover, it showed that the Cooling water flow rate is the major parameter to the efficiency of the purification in the orthogonal experiment.


Results of psychological testing of medical, pediatric, dental and pharmaceutical students are discussed in the article. The severity of anxiety and depression in medical students of different faculties is evaluated being as significant factor having an influence on academic achievement.


To investigate the role of mast cells during the process of tumor angiogenesis, we compared the rates of tumor vascularization, growth and metastasis in control WBB6F1(-)+/+ mice and in their mast-cell-deficient WBB6F1-W/Wv littermates injected with MB49 murine bladder carcinoma cells. Our results demonstrate that in mast-cell-deficient mice injected with tumor cells, there is a decreased number of capillaries at the tumor periphery, reduced tumor size relative to control mice, and an absence of metastases. In contrast, when tumor cells were inoculated intravenously, both strains of mice showed high numbers of lung metastases. These results suggested that the reduction of blood vessels at the tumor periphery may lead to a reduction in the number of metastatic cells shed into the circulation in mast-cell-deficient mice.


member of it is responsible to or for some other member . . . the thing that holds the society together is Fetish religion ' (p. 407). Her real claim to fame is that she was first and foremost a social anthropologist, probably the first and certainly the most brilliant advocate of what is now known as applied anthropology. This was the reason why those responsible for colonial policy consulted her and went on valuing her opinions long after she was dead. Her detailed criticism of existing colonial practices and the devastating way in which she used her knowledge of local institutions to destroy cherished European imperialist illusions about their African subjects established for all time the contribution that social anthropology can make to colonial administration. It is not, however, the function of social anthropology, pure or applied, to provide blueprints of colonial systems of government, and when she sought to do this with her ' alternative system ' in Chapter XVII she was immediately out of her depth and governed by personal prejudices and errors as strong as those she was seeking to oppose. Dr. Flint ends like all good biographers with a paradox: ' for all her radical language Mary Kingsley was a complete and even reactionary conservative. . . . She was attempting to fossilize the conditions of the 188o's, she wished to shield the African from all change.. . the new dynamism in reality came from Joseph Chamberlain and his appointees like Lugard ' (p. lxiv). This assertion, that she wished to shield the African from all change, hardly accords with what Mary Kingsley wrote on p. 327:' If you will try science, all the evils of the clash between the two culture periods could be avoided and you could assist these West Africans in their thirteenth century state to rise into their nineteenth century state without their having the hard fight for it that you had.' Or with her insistence (on p. 357) that ' all education should be in the hands of the missions . . . that every scholar should have the opportunity of acquiring a sound education in English. . . . Give him this knowledge and your brilliant young African has demonstrated that he can rise to any examination . . . a European University offers him.' The paradox is there, however, but the twist is rather different. Her ' alternative system ' was, as Dr. Flint rightly says, an attempt to put the clock back and restore the system of the 1880's, but the principle on which it was based, and which she calls the ruk-the-natives-onnative-lines doctrine, was one that became the corner-stone of later British colonial policy. ' You don't give them representation by giving them our parliamentary franchise which you cannot let them use: you would give them representation by representing in our councils concerning their interests their own local government system, one developed by the genius of the people and adapted to their local environment. The native state form can be developed and it is healthy, the other [the crown colony system, i.e. Direct Rule] is a disease ' (p. 446). What is this if not the ' Indirect Rule ' which Lugard later developed and applied in Northern Nigeria and which was eventually extended to most parts of British Colonial Africa ? G. I. JONES


This paper reports the results of a survey of top economics bloggers. The survey was conducted in mid-October 2010 by soliciting input from among the top 200 economics bloggers as ranked by Palgrave's Econolog.net. While many (around 50 percent) of the sixty-seven respondents have participated in all quarterly surveys, the results across quarters are not directly comparable.For this survey, four bloggers submitted questions of their own design: Bryan Caplan (Econlog) James Hamilton (EconBrowser), Mark Thoma (Economist's View), and Felix Salmon (Reuters). The Kauffman Foundation is dedicated to the idea that entrepreneurship and innovation drive economic growth. Naturally, this new technology of blogging is a fascinating one, both for its effect on the economic research frontier, but also as an innovation in its own right. A survey of so many high-profile participants offers a unique opportunity for discussion, and this survey should be viewed as one way of summarizing some of the insights of the community of economics bloggers.KEY FINDINGSTHE ECONOMYEconomics bloggers are more pessimistic in their outlook on the U.S. economy than in any previous quarterly survey in 2010, with 99 percent saying that conditions are mixed, facing recession, or in recession. For an economy in which growth is the norm, 38 percent of respondents think that the U.S. economy is worse than official statistics indicate, and only 9 percent believe it is better. When asked to describe the economy using five adjectives, "uncertain" was used most frequently.POLICY RECOMMENDATIONSAlthough the panel is largely non-partisan, a three-to-one majority of top economics bloggers believes the government is too involved in the economy. The top policy recommendation (selected from a small set of choices) is for the government to "approve trade agreements with South Korea, Colombia, and Panama," with 97 percent support. This pales compared to the consensus against the proposal to "suspend foreclosures." Three-fifths of respondents favor a one-year partial payroll tax holiday (19 percent strongly) versus two-fifths opposed (with only 3 percent feeling strongly).Promoting entrepreneurship is a consensus agenda among policymakers. However, only 37 percent agree with a policy of "subsidizing new firm formation with targeted spending and tax benefits," with 63 percent disagreeing (28 percent strongly). The alternative option to "reduce regulatory burdens and fees on new firm formation" is favored by 82 percent of respondents. Rather than recommending that the government get more involved in helping entrepreneurs, top economics bloggers recommend that it simply do less to hinder them.SURVEY RESULTSThe Kauffman Economic Outlook includes core questions that will recur each quarter and one-time-only topical questions. Core questions focus on two areas, and are presented in the charts and tables below: the performance of the U.S. economy and policy assessments and recommendations. Finally, there are topical questions provided by economics bloggers themselves, which are not categorized.


Fluid-solid technique ha5 been applied to 'widespread commercial operations involving diffusion-controlled reactions. In recent years ionic mass transfer studies [1, 2] in the presence of fluidized solids have been reported from these laboratories. Except for the qualitative studies [3] of the behaviour of the coefficients there is no work on ionic mass transfer in packed beds in annular cells. However some work [4] has been done in these laboratories in square channels. In an earlier paper [5] ion transfer rates in diffusion-controlled reactions for the case of reduction of oxygen at silver cathode in presence of excess indifferent electrolyte flowing through packed cells of glass spheres and rockwool shot were shown to be considerably improved due to the presence of the particles. The data were found to he in good agreement 'with the reported works on other types of mass transfer processes. The present paper deals with the study of ionic mass transfer in packed annular cells for the case of reduction of ferricyanide ion and oxidation of ferrocyanide ion at copper and nickel electrodes in presence of excess sodium hydroxide as indifferent electrolyte. The apparatus [5] and the experimental techniques [1,5,6,7] have been described in detail else'where. The apparatus essentially consisted of an electrolyte storage tank, a pump for circulating the electrolyte, a test section consisting of calming sections and an electrolytic cell, rotameters for measuring the rate of flow of electrolyte and a capillary arrangement for measuring the electrode potentials 'with reference to standard calomel electrode. The electrolyte consisted of equimolal potassium ferrocyanide and ferricyanide (0.01 M) in 0.5 N sodium hydroxide. It was kept in circulation through the packed bed of non-conducting solids and after steady flow is established the limiting currents were evaluated at each flow rate in a manner described earlier [1,6,7] from current-electrode potential curves at a point where dE/dl


Australia has one of the world's most culturally diverse workforces and it is at work where ̳enforced' intercultural contact and intermingling occurs daily. The quality of social relationships between different ethnic groups has ongoing implications not only for the world of work but also for the direction of multiculturalism in Australia. This paper presents findings from a pilot study which examined everyday intercultural relations in an Australian metropolitan university. The aim of the study was to gain an insight into the experiences and dynamics of cross-cultural interactions and further our understanding of everyday negotiations of cultural difference in the workplace and their wider impact on community relations in Australia. The study involved in-depth semi-structured interviews with general and academic staff from non-Anglo backgrounds from across the university. We found that while universities, as workplaces, are viewed as largely non racist, participants in this study did experience discrimination and racism that they  ̳felt' could be attributed to their ethnic and cultural backgrounds. Introduction As a space of inter-ethnic encounter and engagement, the workplace provides a useful laboratory to study the workings of what Ash Amin has termed as  ̳micro-publics'. In Amin's view spaces of fleeting contact and encounter such as public spaces  ̳seem to fall short of


The exchange properties across the Marine Boundary Layer influence atmospheric convection and determine to a large extent the atmospheric circulation in the tropics. In view of these phenomena, an analysis of the surface parameters such as sea-surface temperature, air temperature, wind speed, moisture and cloud cover along the ORV Sagar Kanya and Ronald H. Brown cruise track was carried out. An attempt was made to examine the changes in these parameters while the ship was passing across the ITCZ region. The humidity was found to be considerably high over the ITCZ than non-ITCZ regions. The air-sea interaction processes were studied by computing the radiation fluxes (short-wave and longwave) and the turbulent heat fluxes (sensible heat and latent heat) using semi-empirical models. Over ITCZ region a net heat loss was found which can be attributed to large convergence, strong convective activity and dense cloud cover, leading to drastic reduction in short-wave radiation. Latitudinal and longitudinal variation of surface meteorological parameters and turbulent fluxes were studied to establish a link with the prevailing convective and clear weather regimes along the cruise tracks. A conserved variable analysis of the conserved variable such as potential temperature, virtual potential temperature, saturation equivalent potential temperature and specific humidity is carried out at every point of upper air observation from Ronald H. Brown. The values are estimated up to a maximum of 3 km to cover the boundary layer. In the ITCZ region due to the convective mixing deeper boundary layers are formed, where a double structure is observed. The Marine Boundary Layer Height is also estimated using thermodynamic profiles.


. Macroinvertebrate communities in a transect of the Portage River watershed were quantitativelyand qualitatively assessed. The emphasis was on identification and community structure of themacroinvertebrate biota resident in its smallest order streams and ditches. Hester-Dendy multi-platesamplers were used to assess the macroinvertebrate communities at 10 sites across the watershed inthe summer of 2001. Dominant macroinvertebrates collected at greater than 70% of the sites were:


The potential of utilizing fluidized bed heat exchangers in place of conventional counter-flow heat exchangers for heat recovery from adiabatic diesel engine exhaust gas streams was studied. Fluidized bed heat recovery systems were evaluated in three different heavy duty transport applications: (1) heavy duty diesel truck; (2) diesel locomotives; and (3) diesel marine pushboat. The three applications are characterized by differences in overall power output and annual utilization. For each application, the exhaust gas source is a turbocharged-adiabatic diesel core. Representative subposed exhaust gas heat utilization power cycles were selected for conceptual design efforts including design layouts and performance estimates for the fluidized bed heat recovery heat exchangers. The selected power cycles were: organic rankine with RC-1 working fluid, turbocompound power turbine with steam injection, and stirling engine. Fuel economy improvement predictions are used in conjunction with capital cost estimates and fuel price data to determine payback times for the various cases.


Abstract : Its a fact. Every day we are inundated with data coming at us from all directionsfrom work and familyvia the electronic gadgets we carry with us and our stationary computers. Data overload can be a problem, but in contracting between government and industry, it should be and needs to be manageable.There are different categories of data: technical data, which are recorded technical or scientific information (not including computer software), and contractual or financial and administrative data. Data are ordered and procured using the DoD Directives Division Form 1423 Contracts Data Requirements List (CDRL). Technical data and Computer Software have two specific Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement (DFARS) clauses that should be inserted in the contract. These two clauses are Deferred Delivery of Technical Data and Computer Software (DFARS 252.227-7026) and Deferred Ordering of Technical Data or ComputerSoftware (DFARS 252.227-7027).


There have been innumerable reports of bums resulting from the use of high-frequency electrosurgical units (ESU). This is a constant source of concern to all operating room personnel. Unremitting vigilance, and the use of telemetry and battery-operated monitoring devices have reduced the hazards, but should not induce a false sense of security. We report on two patients who sustained electrical bums associated with the use of an ESU and a batteryoperated Doppler monitor. Although this has been described in the past'. we would like, once again, to draw attention to this unusual hazard and to comment on the circumstances pertaining to our cases. The patients were the first two on the morning schedule. The bum in the first case was not noticed at the time by the person concerned, but fortunately the second burn was noticed. Since the equipment, lesions, and outcomes were identical in both cases, only one will be described.


Original Research Article Bladder carcinoma is diagnosed or treated worldwide in 2.7 million people each year and, in the majority of cases, urothelial tumors appear after 60 years. Over a period of 4 years from 2016 to 2019, 63 patients benefited from BCUV adjuvant therapy at RTUV. The average age of the patients is 58 years. The sex ratio is 5.7 predominantly male Smoking was found in 66% of patients. The predominant reason for consultation is hematuria in 87.2%. Ultrasound of the urinary tract showed a bladder bladder tumor in 49 patients, with bladder thickening in 10 patients and bladder bladder disease in 4 patients. During cystoscopy with diagnostic RTUV, the tumor was unifocal in 38.2% and multifocal in 61.7%. In the pathology study, it was urothelial carcinoma in 62 patients, only 1 patient had carcinoma in situ and 6 patients had the same lesions at the same time. All patients benefited from a complete RTUV followed by BCG therapy. The most used product is BCG culture at a dose of 120 mg per instillation. The protocol used is one instillation / week for 6 weeks followed by another series of 3 weekly instillations after a rest of 6 weeks, then maintenance schedule on the basis of 3 weekly instillations at 3 months, 6 months, then every 6 months for 3 years. 4 patients experienced side effects from BCG therapy. RTUV with surveillance was performed on his patients. Cystoscopy and urine cytology are the monitoring methods used. The control cystoscopy showed a recurrence in 10 patients. Progression of the tumor was found in 7 patients. The therapeutic alternative is discussed case by case.


The problem of supply chain and logistics risk management by combing supply chain thinking and logistics operation thinking are studied. Firstly, it expounds the sort of supply chain and logistics risk; Secondly, it analyzes supply chain risk prevention measures; At last, supply chain risk management model and supply chain logistics operation model are established.


Background The development of acute kidney injury (AKI) in trauma patients has been associated with an almost threefold increase in overall mortality. Many risk factors of mortality in severe AKI have been reported, but majority of the studies have been performed using a single-center data or have a small sample size. The purpose of this study was to identify the risk factors of mortality in severe AKI trauma patients. Methods The study was performed using 2012-2016 American College of Surgeon Trauma Quality Improvement Program data, a national database of trauma patients in the USA. All adult trauma patients aged 16 to 89 years old, admitted to the hospital and who developed a severe AKI were included in the study. A p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Out of 9309 trauma patients who developed severe AKI, 2641 (28.08%) died. There were significant differences found in bivariate analysis between the groups who died and who survived after developing a severe AKI. Multivariable analysis showed male sex, older age, higher Injury Severity Score, lower Glasgow Coma Scale, presence of hypotension (systolic blood pressure<90 mm Hg) and coagulopathy were all significantly associated with in-hospital mortality. The area under the curve value was 0.706 and the 95% CI was 0.68 to 0.727. Discussion Current analysis showed certain patients' characteristics are associated with higher mortality in patients with severe AKI. Prompt identification and aggressive monitoring and management in high-risk patients may result in reduced mortality. Level of evidence IV. Study type Observational cohort study.


We have tested an aluminum-coated Iris AO Micro-Electrical Mechanical System (MEMS) segmented Deformable Mirror (DM) for its behavior in the presence of high energy 532 nm laser light. The DM was subject to several tests in which the laser power and the duration of its incidence was varied. The DM experienced an irradiance of 94.5 W cm-2 at the maximum laser power of 2 W. A slight permanent reduction in the amount of bow in each segment was observed. This is most likely due to annealing. The mirror remained fully functional during and after the tests. Measurements of the mirror's temporal stability and position repeatability were performed before the laser test. We found a 1.28 nm rms variation in the bow of segments that is highly correlated over the 16 minute test. The mirror's ability to return to its initial position was within the 1.34 nm rms instrument noise. These results are encouraging for applications such as the laser uplink correction of the Visible Light Laser Guidestar Experiment (Villages) and future multi-Laser Guidestar systems (LGS).


In the five years prior to this campaign, 456 people died on Vermont's roadways. Local research suggested that at least 150 of those people would be alive today if they had buckled up. In the present study, we measured the effectiveness of a year-long county-wide seat belt safety campaign. We conducted a total of 463 telephone surveys of county residents (171 before imple- mentation of the Click It or Ticket campaign and 292 following implementation of law enforcement and media initiatives) to determine the degree to which the campaign was influencing people's awareness of the issue and views about seat belt safety, including self-reported seat belt usage. Observational data was also collected from 18,344 vehicles which showed an increase from 68% to 75.1% in seatbelt usage among drivers and an increase of 56.9% to 68.7% among passengers. Based on these results it was concluded that the Click It or Ticket campaign was effective. Implications, in terms of Canadian highway safety policy and programming, are discussed.


Our thesis entitled, and quot of Legal representation trader ;mainly affects the business, whether legal or natural persons as subjects of commercial law. Our work is mainly based on the fundamental definitions of the entrepreneur in its various forms and its representation. We are thinking of legal representation, the representation of the power of attorney and public prosecutors, which are therefore the key concepts with which the individual chapters and subchapters we will meet. Also explains the importance, advantages and also disadvantages of each type of representation of the business. Examples of practices which are commonly encountered in our fourth chapter, which they say as the representation of place and on what principles they are based.


This paper presents a study of the criminal law on money laundering from comparative perspective with the combination of legal, historical, and sociological and criminology treatment. The benefit of income from criminal activities is considered very worrying problem but also a challenge, threat and danger to the security mechanisms (law enforcement agencies) in the Republic of Kosovo.To prevent, investigate and combat money laundering, there should be certainly set priorities for law enforcement agencies in the Republic of Kosovo. This approach allows for a more efficient fight against organized crime, in particular drug trafficking, human trafficking, cybercrime, terrorism and its financing, although partly these phenomena can be considered to relate to international pressure.At the same time, it is imposed on legislators to draft and adopt laws and regulations for implementation, to prevent and combat the phenomenon of money laundering, but without neglecting the drafting of the strategy for preventing and combating this phenomenon and other phenomena that heavily damage state and society in aspects of political, economic and rule of law, with special emphasis on the aspect of European integration.


An apparatus which applies a cyclic load to a square of fabric along the warp or weft direction and a simultaneous constant load in the orthogonal direction has been constructed for use in investigating the relationships between stress and strain when a fabric is subjected to repeated stressing in two directions. Experimental results obtained on a plain cloth are compared with the theoretical stress-strain characteristics calculated from cloth geometry, assuming perfectly flexible yarns of unchanging cross-section. The theoretical changes in dimensions during a cycle, calculated on these assumptions, are considerably greater than the observed experimental changes, and it is considered that the lack of agreement between the two is chiefly due to the neglect of yarn stiffness in the theoretical approach.


The conversion process of mining waste land in which vegetation was destroyed to barren desert accorded with the characteristics of the ecological threshold.There are steady state threshold,steady state resilience and steady state limit when shifting between vegetation and barren desert steady state.The factors influenced the restoring forces of vegetation and barren desert steady state were proposed,the driving forces of steady states transformation were discussed,and the change process of vegetation steady state to barren desert steady state was expounded.


The fact that neutrinos are massive has been the most crucial evidence of physics beyond the Standard Model of elementary particles. To date, we still do not know how neutrinos get mass and why their mass is much smaller than that of their charged fermion cousins. The precise determination of the neutrino mass spectrum has become one of the central tasks of neutrino physics, providing critical input for understanding the nature of neutrino mass and extending our model. The present landscape of the neutrino mass spectrum is reviewed and explored in this article using data from the neutrino oscillation, cosmology, and beta decay. In addition, we discuss the possibility of relevant programs elucidating the neutrino mass spectrum in the coming decades.


THIS DOCUMENT, OR AN EMBODIMENT OF IT IN ANY MEDIA, DISCLOSES INFORMATION WHICH IS PROPRIETARY, IS THE PROPERTY OF SIKORSKY AIRCRAFT CORPORATION, IS AN UNPUBLISHED WORK PROTECTED UNDER APPLICABLE COPYRIGHT LAWS, AND IS DELIVERED ON THE EXPRESS CONDITION THAT IT IS NOT TO BE USED, DISCLOSED, REPRODUCED, IN WHOLE OR IN PART (INCLUDING REPRODUCTION AS A DERIVATIVE WORK), OR USED FOR MANUFACTURE FOR ANYONE OTHER THAN SIKORSKY AIRCRAFT CORPORATION WITHOUT ITS WRITTEN CONSENT, AND THAT NO RIGHT IS GRANTED TO DISCLOSE OR SO USE ANY INFORMATION CONTAINED THEREIN. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. ANY ACT IN VIOLATION OF APPLICABLE LAW MAY RESULT IN CIVIL AND CRIMINAL PENALTIES.


Right ventricular outflow tract obstruction is a narrowing of the way that conducts blood from the right ventricle to the pulmonary ar‑ tery. Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction is a stenosis of the path that leads blood from the left ventricle to the aorta. Combination of right and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction is a very rare finding. We report a case of a 67‑year‑old male with asymptomatic bi‑ ventricular outflow tract obstruction. We discuss the clinical presentation, diagnostic procedures, treatment opportunities for the patient based on review of literature and actual recommendations. JRCD 2017; 3 (2): 50–53


Co/Sm multilayer films with structure of 20 [Co (x nm)/Sm (1.2 nm)] where x = 1.1, 2.2 and 4.2 nm and 20[Co (4.2nm)/Sm (x nm)] where x=1.2 nm to 7.5 nm were fabricated using dc magnetron sputtering. Each multilayer filmconsisted of 20 bilayers of Co layers with various thicknesses sandwiched with Sm layers. The application of lowangle X-ray diffraction measurements to the characterization of these multilayers is described. The periodiclayered structure with sharp interfaces was observed for all multilayer films. The measured magnetization valuesare lower than the values calculated in terms of the nominal concentration of cobalt in the multilayers. This impliessignificant "mixing" at small film thickness. The formation of a high magneto crystalline anisotropy of CoSm alloyat the interfaces, as a result of interdiffusion between Co and Sm layers was considered to be responsible for theincrease of the coercivity for Co/Sm multilayer.


INTRODUCTION:
Retinal Vasculitis is a group of inflammatory disorders of the eye characterised by retinal vascular inflammation along with intra-ocular inflammation. It preferentially affects the veins, but rarely arteries or arterioles or both veins and arteries can be affected. It is most commonly associated with presence of retinal haemorrhages or vitreous haemorrhages. Recurrence of vitreous haemorrhages is a common feature which might later get complicated by development of retinitis proliferens followed by retinal detachment, complicated cataract and ultimately secondary glaucoma. Ophthalmoscopic examination and fundus fluorescein angiography along with other investigations play a key role in the diagnosis and management of retinal vasculitis.
AIM OF THE STUDY:
PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:
1. To investigate the aetiologies, association with tuberculosis and other systemic illnesses.
2. Management of retinal vasculitis with either systemic steroids, intravitreal anti VEGF, laser photocoagulation, immunosuppressants, vitrectomy or observation based on the case scenario.
3. Visual outcome following treatment of the vasculitis patient.
SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:
1. To look for any complications following treatment.
2. Measures to provide rehabilitation for vasculitis patient.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
50 cases of retinal vasculitis which attended the vitreo-retina clinic of Regional Institute of Ophthalmology and Government Ophthalmic Hospital, Egmore , Chennai between August 2015 and August 2016 for a period of 1 year were taken up for the study. It is a prospective study.
INCLUSION CRITERIA:
1. Age > 18 years,
2. All cases of Retinal Vasculitis presenting with atleast one of the following features -
a. Sheathing,
b. Perivascular inflammation,
c. Superficial and Deep Hemorrhages,
d. Staining of vessel wall on FFA.
EXCLUSION CRITERIA:
1. Age < 18 years,
2. Patient with pre existing ocular disease like diabetic retinopathy, vein occlusion, arterial occlusion, glaucoma etc.
RESULTS:
In this study on 77 eyes of 50 retinal vasculitis patients, 31 cases(62%) were due to Eales Disease, 15 cases (30%) were secondary to systemic disease and the remaining 4 cases (8%) were secondary to ocular disease.
Amongst the 50 case of Retinal vasculitis which visited the retina clinic, maximum incidence was in the age group of 18-28 years (44%) followed by 29-38 years (42%) followed by 39-48 years (7%). The mean age was 30.02 + 12 years. In a study by Biswas [et. al], mean age of presentation was found to be 33 + 11. In a study by Donders in 1958 the average age for men was 28 years and for women it was 30 years.
In our study, incidence of Retinal Vasculitis is more in males (80%) as compared to females (20%). Out of the 31 patients with Eales's Disease, 30 were male and only 1 was female. Out of 4 cases with retinal vasculitis secondary to ocular disease, 3 were males and 1 was female. Out of 15 cases with retinal vasculitis secondary to systemic disease, 7 were males and 8 were females.
CONCLUSION:
Retinal vasculitis is a challenge for an ophthalmologist both to diagnose and to treat. If left untreated it may lead to total loss of vision. Ophthalmologist also play an important role in finding out systemic diseases in a patient who have no other manifestations apart from ophthalmological signs. That aids in timely treatment of the underlying cause. For each patient treatment has to be individualised based on their findings. A multidisciplinary approach is required in cases with systemic involvement.
In our study, primary vasculitis is the predominant form of vasculitis accounting for 62% of the cases.
Male predilection is noted with 80% cases being males and 20% being females.
Most commonly involved age group is between 18-28 years of age (44%).
Maximum cases had a bilateral presentation (54%) with defective vision being the chief complaint in most of the cases (88%).
Oral corticosteroids were the main modality of treatment in our study. Patients treated with laser photo-coagulation did not show worsening of signs. Observation was helpful in patients with vitreous hemorrhage. Treatment of associated systemic conditions in addition to oral corticosteroids showed improvement in visual acuity.
Although systemic steroids are efficacious in controlling active disease and easily administered, adverse systemic complications is a matter of concern.
Since the time period of the study was short (1 year), we have kept 3 months as the criteria for assessing the outcome of management. Due to referrals to various departments, patients took time to review with us with all the work up.
More long term studies are required to overcome these shortcomings.


Resumen en: We present the results of a comprehensive study of the fundamental plane (FP) for stellar systems and galaxy systems. We have searched for variations of ...


Clifford Geertz's "Deep Play: Notes on the Balinese Cockfight" is one of the most recognized modern sources on cockfighting. Geertz's use of thick description to analyze the motives behind the actions of Balinese cock fighters is an important methodological approach in understanding cock fighting around the world. Geertz's essay, although crucial in its pioneering use of thick description, cannot be used as a universal source on cock fights. The primary reason for this is because Geertz's essay focused on Balinese cock fighting which was as an exclusively male sphere of activity. Although cock fighting in Bali was an exclusively male practice, cock fighting in America, and specifically in the American Midwest, was an activity participated in by both men and women. Women were certainly not the majority of the participants at cock fights but enough of them were present to be included in the discussion of one of the practices that shaped rural America in the twentieth century.


It is that time of year again. The so-called summer is a distant memory and those dank, foggy nights are back with a vengeance. October 31 is with us this week and nasty things that go bump in the night will be grabbing their annual opportunity to turn us all into gibbering scaredy cats.


The concept of culture exists in almost all languages and is used in a wide range of situations, with a huge number of meanings in different areas of human activity. In its original sense, the word "culture" has never referred to any particular object, condition, or content. The notion of culture first appears in Latin. Poets and scholars of Ancient Rome have used it in their treatises and letters to mean "to cultivate" something or "cultivate" it to improve it. In ancient Greece, a close relative of the term culture has been paideia, which refers to "internal culture" or, in other words, the "culture of the soul". In Latin sources, the word first appears in a treatise on agriculture by the Roman statesman and writer Marcus Porcius Cato (234-149 B.C.), whose Latin translation of the title sounds something like this: agroculture. Hence, the word "culture" is originally used as an agronomic term.


Abstract This article is concerned with the Kolmogorov equation associated to a stochastic partial differential equation with an additive noise depending on a small parameter ϵ > 0. As ϵ vanishes, the parabolic equation degenerates into a first-order evolution equation. In a Gauss–Sobolev space setting, we prove that, as ϵ ↓ 0, the solution of the Cauchy problem for the Kolmogorov equation converges in L 2(μ, H) to that of the reduced evolution equation of first-order, where μ is a reference Gaussian measure on the Hilbert space H.


Affordable housing construction is a lagging sector in most of the CEE countries. Recent increases in housing production have mainly served the top end of the market. In some countries, policy schemes for public housing have been established. However, actual construction of housing for moderate-income households has yet to take place. Wolfgang Amann describes the approach of the Austria-based IIBW – Institute for Real Estate, Construction and Housing aimed at rectifying this unsatisfactory situation. The framework for a Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model in housing will be established, with two parallel strategies. First, a legal framework will be established to allow for a new business model of PPP housing. Second, financing tools will be implemented, similar to structured financing, implementing the different layers of sources. This approach refers to lessons learned in many Western European countries, e.g., the Netherlands and Austria, where a Third Sector in housing contributes substantially to good housing provision for large parts of the population. IIBW is currently implementing this new approach in several CEE countries, including Romania, Montenegro and Albania.


The present invention relates to novel indolinones of the general formula wherein R represents an aryl group having from 6 to 10 carbon atoms, unsubstituted or mono- or disubstituted by alkyl groups having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, hydroxyl groups, alkoxy groups having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or halogen atoms, whereby the substituents may be the same or different and whereby the phenyl nucleus of the aryl group may also be substituted by an amino group, a hydroxyl group, or an alkanoylamino group with altogether from 1 to 3 carbon atoms; an aryl group having from 6 to 10 carbon atoms, substituted by 3 or 4 alkyl groups having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms each; a phenyl group substituted by a phenyl, halogenphenyl, or cycloalkyl group with 5 to 7 carbon atoms; an aralkyl group having from 7 to 11 carbon atoms; or a pentamethylphenyl, pyridyl, or quinolyl group; m represents the number 0, 1, or 2; and n represents the number 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.


ive summarization of sports games from microblogs Yuuki TAGAWA† and Kazutaka SHIMADA† † Kyushu Institute of Technology, Graduate School of Computer Science and Systems Engineering Kawadu 680–4, Iidukasi, Fukuoka, 820–8502 Japan E-mail: †{y tagawa,firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract Recently, summary generation of sports games for microblogs is studied actively. Summary generationRecently, summary generation of sports games for microblogs is studied actively. Summary generation methods in the studies are mostly based on extractive summarization. However extractive summarization suffers from the disadvantage of existing both required elements and redundant elements in the summary. In this paper, we propose an abstractive summarization method to reduce the redundant elements. In the method, we focus on burst situations in which many users post tweets when a sub-event in a game occurs. We handle tweets in the burst situations as the inputs for the summarization. Each Sub-Event Element (SEE) contains some phrases that express actions in a game, such as"Player A made a pass to Player B"and"Player B made a shot on goal". Our method integrates these phrases for the summarization, and then generates an abstractive summary, such as" Player B made a shot on goal from the Player A's pass".


The present study examined the cognitive profile of children with dyslexia and children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), aged from 7 to 9 years. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV) enabled comparisons of clinical groups performance in its various indexes and subtests. The group with dyslexia performed best in Verbal Comprehension and Perceptual Reasoning, while their greatest difficulty was in the Working Memory Index. The best performance of children with ADHD was observed in the Perceptual Organization Index, while the Processing Speed represented their greatest difficulty. Understanding children's potentials and difficulties in cases of learning difficulties contributes to adequate interventions to ensure access to inclusive quality education.


Data from 26,368 beef carcasses were analyzed in respect of differences between grades, sexes and plant of origin. Grade differences in rib eye area (longissimus dorsi) were negligible, but Good (Blue Brand) carcasses had approximately 25% less fat over the rib eye than Choice (Red Brand) carcasses. Females averaged 54 kg lighter in carcass weight than males but, when compared on an equal weight basis, had approximately the same rib eye area and slightly greater fat over the rib eye. Regional differences in the several carcass traits were negligible for both sexes. Results are discussed in terms of quantity grade standards.


INTEGRATED TREATMENT FOR DUAL DISORDERS. A GUIDE TO EFFECTIVE PRACTICE. K. T. Mueser, D. L. Noordsy, R. E. Drake and L. Fox. The Guilford Press, New York, 2003.," by K. T. Mueser, D. L. Noordsy, R. E. Drake and L. Fox Finally, after decades of deliberation about the extraordinary problems experienced by people who have co-occurring mental illness and substance use disorder, we have a text that confronts the issue head-on. Its key message–that such people require truly integrated, concurrent care for both problems is unequivocal. The text opens with a Preface that is well worth reading for it not only provides the rationale for the book, and integrated treatment per se, but also carefully orients the reader based upon her/his professional interests and needs. In less than four pages Mueser et al. provide a roadmap of both content and context that is lucid, rational and truly "reader centered." Presented as a "guide to clinicians," the book is laid out much as a course text, though no mention is made of its use for didactic instruction. Rather, it is the authors' stated intention to provide guidance for the widest possible range of professionals who "facilitate the recovery process in persons with dual disorders." The implicit learning model is one of independent personal development, with an invitation to the reader to take from the text those knowledge and skill competencies that s/he would find most useful. Though the title suggests a balanced approach to thesubject,we later realize that the text isoriented primarily toward mental health professionals–to help them develop specific substance abuse assessment and treatment skills. Following this prefatory section, the authors include a few brief notes about terminology that, unfortunately, are still necessary in a field burdened with euphemisms and terms that are denotativelyobscure and connotativelybiased. Concluding this section, the authors note that they refer to affected persons as "clients" rather than "patients" or "consumers" based upon a survey of such people in which they found that term to be preferred. While the essence of this text lies in its very practical discussion of specific individual, group, and other treatment modalities that the authors deem best for persons with co-occurring disorders, the first section is devoted to "Basics" that provide an intellectual foundation for the approach as an evidence-based practice model. In the first chapter, we find a highly academic review on epidemiology and etiologic models of comorbidity that affords the reader a substantial foundation of research while crafting a persuasive argument for integrated therapy. The authors explicate seven principles for their model of integrated treatment in the following chapter, initiating the discussion with reasons for the failure of traditional approaches to dual disorder therapy. The first principle is that of integration itself, defined primarily as collaboration between clinicians from assessment through treatment. Other principles are: comprehensiveness (inclusion of all services necessary to achieve and sustain stability), assertiveness (outreachand activeengagement), reductionof negativeconsequences, long-term perspective, motivation-based treatment, and use of multiple psychotherapeutic modalities. Each of these is defined and characterized with reference to the


The invention discloses multifunctional environment-friendly fabric which is formed by blending weaving of mulberry silk fibers, chitin fibers, peanut fibers and tencel fibers. The multifunctional environmental-friendly fabric comprises, by weight, 17%-21% of the mulberry silk fibers, 23%-28% of the chitin fibers, 26%-30% of the peanut fibers and 21%-34% of the tencel fibers. The multifunctional environment-friendly fabric is formed by blending weaving of the mulberry silk fibers, the chitin fibers, the peanut fibers and the tencel fibers, the natural fibers are environmentally friendly, can be recovered and degraded after being used and is free of pollution, and the woven fabric has the advantages of moisture absorption and breathability, coolness and comfortableness, wear resistance and health care.


The lecturer discusses considerations affecting harbour salvage, the growth and the existing plant of the port salvage organization at Liverpool and the reasons why such an organization is required. Emergency operations are briefly discussed. The removal of wrecks by lifting or dispersal is considered and the operation of lifting vessels with the aid of wires and external buoyancy provided by camels is described in detail, two recent operations being given as examples. In January 1953 the Empress of Canada, a passenger liner of 20,021 gross tons, sank on her side in Gladstone Dock, Liverpool, as a result of a fire. The events leading to the loss and the operations of uprighting and refloating are described with details of methods and materials used and the difficulties encountered.


Minimization of automata is a classic problem in Computer Science which is still studied nowadays. In this paper, we first propose a polynomial minimization method directly derived from Brzozowski's algorithm, and second, we show how the consideration of some efficiency improvements on this algorithm lead to obtain an algorithm equivalent to Hopcroft's.


The literature legacy from ancient Thailand,a window to understand the social,historical and cultural background,reveals realistically and artistically the various aspects of social life in Thailand.The three stages in literature development are different with alien cultural permeation,and thus the literature in Thailand has been improved in writing skills through absorbing diversified culture essence.The religious and royal court literatures are some best masterpiece inherited.


To radically change the situation of"high cost and low efficiency"in the work of teenagers'moral education for many years,the central committee of the Party and the State Council issued the relevant document in February 2004. The document stresses that it is imperative to intensify the ideological and ethical improvement among minors,and to this end we must adhere to the principle of "getting close to practice,life and minors". Therefore,the content of moral education should be close to practice,to life,and to minors. And in this regard,we must consider the different age levels of teenagers,and their different background of families,jobs and friends. Also,We ought to pay more attention to teenagers'ideological reality and to difficult and hot issues at present,and make the forms of moral education conform with teenagers'characteristics in body and mind.


a) Background: Objective 1 of the RAPID programme is "to establish a pre-operational prototype system to continuously observe the strength and structure of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (MOC)". The MOC is commonly defined as the zonally integrated meridional flow, as a function of latitude and depth. While parts of the MOC are wind-driven, the basin-scale Atlantic MOC is largely buoyancy-forced. Hence, observing the Atlantic MOC is the fundamental observational requirement of a programme aiming to assess the role of the Atlantic thermohaline circulation (THC) in rapid climate change.


Background: Though various studies have been carried out on the problem of diarrheal disease in under-five children in various parts of India, no comprehensive study has so far been done on this problem in deltaic region of West Bengal, the Sunderbans. Objectives: A study was undertaken in a prototype village, in Sunderban area to assess the prevalence of diarrheal disease in under-five children and to assess various factors which influence its occurrence. Methods: Information was collected from all households from village Hogolduri, in Sunderban area, South 24 Parganas regarding socioeconomic characteristics, water source, and sanitation status of the population. Frequency of occurrence of Diarrhea during last three months in each child under-five years of age was recorded and maternal characteristics and child's nutrition were also noted. Results: Among the 5264 people residing in 1231 households in Hogolduri village, majority of the people were Muslims (79%). Majority (80.7%) of the families belonged to below-poverty-line (BPL). Out of 486 children living in the village, from which all the data were available, diarrhea occurred during last three months in 45.68% of children. Important contributing factors for such morbidity of children were found to be absence of toilets in households, non-use of soap for hand washing after defecation and after child's stool cleaning by mothers, absence of vaccination against measles and low nutritional status of children. Conclusions: Multiple factors are responsible for high incidence of diarrheal disease in children in a prototype village in Sunderban area .


The paper examines the impact of bank consolidation on financial inter-mediation using data from the Nigerian bank industry from 2002 to 2010. Two models were specified and estimated: one for the lending activity and the other for the deposit activities. The model for lending activity has an interest rate on the loan as the dependent variable and deposit rate represents the dependent variable in the deposit model. The results showed that merger and acquisition, which was the main policy instrument for bank consolidation, has a significant effect on both lending and deposit activities of the banks in Nigeria. The result also shows that changes in the degree of average competition in bank markets proxied by the spread between interest rate among the banks is positive and significant in both the loan and deposit markets. This confirms the high level of price competition among the banks. The consolidation exercise had significant positive effects on both financial inter-mediation and especially on deposit mobilization. The study concluded though, the consolidation policy might have had other side effects, it has at least led to higher deposit mobilization, higher competition but however, it has led to higher cost of borrowing and spread between lending and deposit rates.


Significance: The tetrahydroisoquinolines (THIQs) are a large class of alkaloids found in plants, microorganisms, and marine invertebrates. Biological activities associated with THIQs include antimicrobial and antitumor properties. (G.-L. Tang, M.-C. Tang, L.-Q. Song, Y. Zhang Curr. Top. Med. Chem. 2016, 16, 1717). There are many approaches to prepare THIQs, including Bischler– Napieralski cyclization, the Pictet–Spengler reaction, and the Pummerer reaction. Singh and coworkers developed a one-pot strategy to give THIQs from amines 1 via arynes generated in situ. The starting materials are easily accessible from commercially available compounds by a threestep synthesis. Comment: Treatment of phenethylamines 1 with s-BuLi provides THIQs 2, which upon simple deprotection afford the corresponding 1-aryl1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines 3A (R3 = H). Changes in the amine-protecting group (e.g., Cbz or Ts) were not tolerated by the strongly basic conditions. Simple reduction of 2 afforded the corresponding 1-aryl-2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines 3B (R3 = Me). Computational studies suggest that intermediate B is more stable than intermediate A by 12 kcal/mol. 1 Cl R1 TFA in dry CH2Cl2


Dermatologists need guidelines to correctly evaluate skin diseases, assess their severity and choose appropriate medication. There is considerable controversy concerning the establishment of a universal classification for acne. The main acne grading scales found in the literature are presented in this article.


In the atherosclerotic environment, inflammation plays a major role. Ingestion of modified forms of low-density lipoproteins (such as oxidized LDL) by macrophages promotes macrophage secretion of inflammatory cytokines, which contributes to disease progression. We have previously shown that the complement classical pathway activator, C1q, has a novel, anti-inflammatory role independent of the complement cascade: opsonization of modified LDL with C1q polarizes macrophages towards an anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotype, and dampens the pro-inflammatory (M1) phenotype that is prevalent in the atherosclerotic environment. Differential transcriptomic analysis in human macrophages suggests that C1q may influence macrophage inflammatory phenotype by modulating the levels of components of the NLRP3 inflammasome, a protein complex responsible for activation of inflammatory cytokine IL-1β. To investigate this further, resting or M1-polarized human monocyte derived macrophages (HMDMs) were treated with 10 μg protein/mL oxLDL, with or without 75 μg/mL C1q, and inflammasome gene, protein and activity were measured. Our data suggest that when bound to oxLDL, C1q downregulates NLRP3 inflammasome related genes, and reduces inflammasome activity, leading to a reduction in IL-1β secretion from M1-polarized macrophages. This indicates that this non-complement role of C1q may be important in dampening inflammation in the early atherosclerotic lesion. Discerning the molecular pathways that regulate inflammatory states of macrophages can contribute to the development of therapeutics for chronic inflammatory illnesses such as atherosclerosis.


The aim of this study was to investigate the role of initial external carbon source concentration on sulphate removal by four bacterial and four fungal isolates under shake flask conditions. The test wastewater was filtered and supplemented with sodium acetate as the external carbon source at respective concentrations of 5g/L, 10g/L, 15g/L and 20g/L, before dispensing in 200mL quantity in 250mL capacity conical flasks, sterilised and inoculated with the test microbial isolates. Prior inoculation and at 24h interval, for 96 h for the estimation of sulphate concentration in the wastewater using standard methods. The results revealed remarkable sulphate removal in the absence of the sodium acetate and on its 5g/L addition. An increase in the concentration of the sodium acetate caused a corresponding decrease in the level of sulphate removal. Percentage sulphate removals in presence of the test isolates were observed to range from 47.01 to 57.81%, 18.66 to 51.66%, -1.64 to 11.03%, 5,38 to 22.37% and -3.59 to 5.18%, at sodium acetate concentrations of 0g/L, 5g/L, 10g/L, 15g/L and 20g/L, respectively. This trend was


Millimeter-wave massive MIMO with hybrid precoding can significantly reduce the number of required radio frequency (RF) chains. However, due to the limited number of RF chains, the requirement of large pilot overhead will be used to estimate the high-dimensional mmWave massive MIMO channel. To solve this problem, we propose a super-resolution channel estimation scheme based on modified two- dimensional (2D) unitary ESPRIT algorithm in this paper, which can jointly estimate the continuously distributed angle of arrivals/departures (AoAs/AoDs) with high accuracy. Specifically, we first estimate a low-dimensional effective channel by designing the uplink training signals. Then, since the low- dimensional effective channel has the same shift- invariance of array response as the highdimensional mmWave MIMO channel to be estimated, we jointly estimate the super-resolution estimates of AoAs and AoDs by exploiting the modified 2D unitary ESPRIT algorithm. Furthermore, we can obtain the associated path gains based on the least squares (LS) criterion. Finally, the high-dimensional mmWave MIMO channel will be reconstructed according to the obtained parameters. Simulation results verify that the proposed scheme is more accuracy than conventional schemes, even with a much lower pilot overhead.


The total electron attachment rate constant ka(〈e〉) for n‐C4F10 has been measured using an electron swarm technique in the mean electron energy, 〈e〉, range 0.76 to 4.81 eV and over the temperature, T, range 300 to 750 K. The measured ka(〈e〉,T) and the total electron attachment cross section σa(e,T) determined from these by unfolding are reported. The ka(〈e〉) first decrease slowly with T between 300 and 400 K, then decrease precipitously between 400 and ∼500 K, and subsequently increase for T>500 K. The overall variation of ka with T depends on 〈e〉. From the measured dependence of ka(〈e〉) on the total gas number density and T we determined the contribution of dissociative and nondissociative attachment to ka as a function of 〈e〉; the contribution of nondissociative attachment decreases with T and the contribution of dissociative attachment increases with T. The ratio Rd/t of the dissociative to the total electron attachment is small at low 〈e〉 and T, but it increases with both 〈e〉 and T and reaches unity f...


Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by chronic anovulation, hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance, and PCOS is known to be associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). PCOS has also been proposed to share a common genetic background with type 2 DM. The calpain 10 (CAPN10) gene is known to be associated with type 2 DM in several different population. We examined the association of CAPN10 gene polymorphisms and their influence on the metabolic abnormalities in Korean women who suffer with PCOS. Methods: One hundred sixty four women with PCOS and 325 control women were studied. The CAPN10 gene polymorphisms were genotyped by amplifying the genomic DNA. Anthropometric measures, a 75g oral glucose tolerance test and measurement of insulin sensitivity by the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp technique were performed. Results: The frequencies of CAPN10 UCSNP-43, UCSNP-19, UCSNP-63 and the haplotype combinations were not different between the women with PCOS and the control subjects. In the women with PCOS and who had the UCSNP-43 GA genotype, the post-load 90 minute plasma glucose level was significantly greater and the HDL cholesterol and insulin mediated glucose uptake were significantly lower compared to the women with PCOS and who had the GG genotype. Conclusion: The CAPN10 UCSNP-43 genotype might be responsible for insulin resistance, yet further study is required to confirm the role of this genetic polymorphism in the development of PCOS and the presentation of its disease features.


In each field of natural science and social science,a great deal of decision problems can not get away from the prediction which is the foundation of the decision. Time series is making use of the existing history data to establish a model to predict the future.Therefore,in the paper,firstly, introduces the current ways and models that the quantitative time series prediction adopt and the character and summarizes the aspects of the current ways and model.Then basied on the analyzing the related concepts of the prediction of time series,studied the basic ideas and implementary methods of these algorithms and models.


The objective of this study was to analyze the fatty acid compositions of breast milk obtained from 10 Chinese mothers (Harbin, Heilongjiang Province) and 14 commercial infant formulas (6 foreign brands, 8 domestic brands) by capillary gas chromatographic technique. Saturated fatty acids accounted for 41.27% of total fatty acids in breast milk, while monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids for 31.12 and 26.12%, respectively. Content of saturated fatty acids was higher in both domestic and alien commercial infant formulas than that in breast milk. However, total monounsaturated fatty acid content was higher and polyunsaturated fatty acid content was lower in foreign formulas than that in breast milk and formulas made in China. The results showed that both domestic and alien infant formulas provided enough essential fatty acids for infants. Compared with breast milk, most infant formulas were short of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA) which had important physiological function.


Unidirectional rectifiers are being preferred for applications where power flows only from ac side to dc side such as the machine side converter in a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) based wind energy conversion systems (WECS), as active front end rectifiers for medium voltage (MV) fans, pumps, blowers, compressors, and power supplies for telecommunications, X-ray, naval equipments etc. Absence of the regenerative or reactive power requirements make these converter topologies simpler with reduced number of active switches which increase power density and reliability, and reduce cost. This paper compares various converter topologies that can be used as unidirectional rectifiers for MV applications (3.5 MVA, 4 kV). The topologies compared in this paper are based on the PLECS simulation results which takes various characteristic plots of the semiconductor devices as given in manufacturer's datasheets. The comparison results show the superiority of the five-level dual flying capacitor based active neutral point clamped (DFC-ANPC) topology in terms of power density, efficiency and even distribution of losses across the devices.


Undifferentiated arthritis (UDA) is an inflammatory arthritis that does not meet the criteria for any rheumatologic disease. Early verification of UDA is currently one of the main goals of modern rheumatology, since a diagnosis established at an early date allows determining a therapeutic strategy. The high social significance of arthritis lies in the predominant lesion of people of working age, the steady progression of the disease, early disability and a reduction in life expectancy.To study the gender characteristics of verification of the diagnosis of undifferentiated arthritis.A retrospective analysis of 74 case histories of patients diagnosed with UDA was carried out. The study group consisted of 26 men and 48 women, mean age 50.6 ± 4.3 years. All patients underwent a comprehensive laboratory and instrumental examination according to the standard of an articular syndrome of unclear genesis.According to the data obtained, the duration of the articular syndrome averaged 2.53 ± 1.2 years. In 29 patients (21.6% of women and 17.6% of men), on average, after 1.72 ± 0.9 years, the diagnosis of NDA was clarified. Taking into account modern diagnostic criteria, the following diseases were verified: rheumatoid arthritis in 13.5% (12.2% in women and 1.3% in men), ankylosing spondylitis in 10.8% (2.7% in women and 8.1% in men). Osteoarthritis, psoriatic arthritis and APS were diagnosed in 5.4%, 1.4% and 1.4% of women, and gouty arthritis, bone tuberculosis and HIV in 4.1%, 1.4% and 1.4% of men respectively. In 60.8% (43.2% in women and 17.6% in men), the etiology of arthritis was not verified.In a third of patients with UDA, diagnosis verification takes about 2 years on average. In more than half of patients, the diagnosis remains the same. According to the data obtained, rheumatoid arthritis was more often verified in women, while ankylosing spondylitis in men, which is consistent with statistical data.None declared


Research and application of Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) aims at combining the strengths of both social and biophysical sciences to merge stakeholder preferences and negotiation with natural resource modelling. In theory, each of these fields (biophysical modelling and social science) should, on average, equally contribute to the resulting management or policy outcome. This we would see as 'optimal'. This then raises the question, whether this can be identified from reported individual case studies. In this study, we used a data mining approach on the literature, seeking to identify clear examples of integration of biophysical modelling and social science, the importance of each of the components in the outcome and whether this has led to improved management and policy outcomes. We first did a general search on all papers in the IWRM field, followed by a subset using search terms that combine (AND) synonyms of "biophysical modelling" and "social science". There was qualitatively no difference between generated word clouds (which highlight the importance ranking of words) between the full IWRM set and the subsets. In addition, delving into the detail, there were very few papers where both biophysical modelling and social science approaches were equally applied, such as in participatory modelling. Even fewer papers showed evidence that the resulting IWRM approach resulted in changes in management or policies. policy Overall this suggest that there is a need for more reports on how social science, stakeholder consultation integrates best with simulation modelling in practice and what inhibits integration of the two fields in the practice of IWRM.


The paramagnetic resonance of Mn 2+ ion in Zn(S:Se) powder phosphors is measured at room and liquid nitrogen temperatures. The results obtained show that the non-linear displacement of emission band with molar proportion of ZnSe is closely connected with the substitution of nearest-neighbor S 2- ions of a Mn 2+ ion by Se 2- ions. The observed splitting of the forbidden doublets which are markedly enhanced by addition of ZnSe is in satisfactory agreement with the theoretically expected value. The value of the coupling constant A for hyperfine structure hardly changes below 60 mole % of ZnSe and its absolute value decreases only slightly even in case of ZnSe:Mn.


Upregulated TGFβ signalling plays a key role in mediating congenital thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAA), and has been implicated in bicuspid aortic valve-associated TAA (BAV-TAA). TGFβ is normally stored within the extra-cellular matrix via sequestration proteins bound to the microfibrillar protein, fibrillin. TGFβ is released in response to changes in these sequestration proteins, allowing TGFβ to exert its signalling effects. We hypothesised that in BAV-TAA the upregulation of TGFβ signalling will pathologically alter effector molecule expression, causing matrix degradation and altered TGFβ sequestration. Immunohistochemistry was used to quantify protein expression in aortic tissue from 8 human BAV-TAA and 6 normal controls. In BAV-TAA, TGFβ expression was elevated in all layers (2.5:1; p<0.05), particularly in the adventitia (3.4:1; p<0.001). Microfibril-associated glycoprotein-1 (MAGP-1), which promotes TGFβ release, was elevated (2:1; p<0.03), while latent TGFβ binding protein-1 (LTBP-1), which promotes...


Energetic particle acceleration and energization in planetary magnetotails are often associated with dipolarization fronts characterized by a rapid increase of the meridional component of the magnetic field. Despite many studies of dipolarization events in Earth's magnetotail, Jupiter's magnetotail provides an almost ideal environment to study high‐energetic ion acceleration by dipolarization fronts because of its large spatial scales and plasma composition of heavy and light ions. In this study, we focus on the response of different high‐energetic ion intensities (H, He, S, and O) to prominent magnetic dipolarization fronts inside the Jovian magnetotail. We investigate if ion energization and acceleration are present in the observations around the identified dipolarization fronts. Therefore, we present a statistical study of 87 dipolarization front signatures, which are identified in the magnetometer data of the Juno spacecraft from July 2016 to July 2021. For the ion intensity analysis, we use the energetic particle observations from the Jupiter Energetic Particle Detector Instrument. Our statistical study reveals that less than half of the identified events are accompanied by an increase of the ion intensities, while most of the other events show no significant change in the ion intensity dynamics. In about 40% of the events located in the dawn sector a significant decrease of the energy spectral index is detected indicating ion acceleration by the dipolarization fronts.


The organization of special hospitals for premature babies contributes to the preservation of their lives. In Kazan, the first such department was opened at the GIDUVA Children's Clinic in 1947 (with 20 beds). The department occupies an isolated room of 3 wards. In the first ward there are 8 closed (glazed) boxes, where new arrivals are accepted, in 2 other wards there are 6 open boxes, to which children are transferred in the future. The department has a reception room where mothers breastfeed their children, a walk-in, an open veranda facing the garden, and a number of necessary utility rooms. The room temperature is maintained within 24-26 . The boxed ward is equipped with electrified beds, which allows them to maintain the proper temperature (up to 28 ). The department also has two incubators of the "Inca" type. Children's underwear is heated in a specially equipped closet. Oxygen is supplied in a moistened form, in the first ward oxygen is supplied to each crib. The boxes are equipped with exhaust ventilation. The compartment is also widely ventilated in the usual way. Quartzization is performed daily.


Introduction: Unioniade is a species-rich family of freshwater mussels with an almost worldwide distribution. In Central European rivers Unio crassus, Unio tumidus and Unio pictorum have relatively high populations. In order to characterize the habitats of these suspension feeders, their nutrient supply and potential metal contaminants were investigated in near-bottom suspended (NBS) sediments and bottom sediments (BS) collected at four sampling locations along the Tisza River. Methods: The grain size distribution of sediments was determined by laser-diffraction technique. The total organic carbon (TOC) and the total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TN) were measured by a TOC analyzer and automated colorimetry, respectively. The phosphorous and metal concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry following a microwave assisted acidic extraction of sediments with aqua regia. Results: The NBS sediments contained smaller grains than the BS samples, with roughly 85%–90% of the particles being less than 60 μm, allowing these mussels to catch them. Contrarily, only 2.47%–51.8% of BS samples were less than 60 μm. The NBS sediments contained 30, 23, and 15% more organic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorous, respectively, than the BS samples. The rounded C:N:P molar ratios in the NBS sediments were 60:4:1, whereas they were 45:3:1 in the bottom sediments. The concentration of metals was also greater in the NBS sediments with the exception of Zn at Tokaj and Fe, Al, Mn, and Cr at Szeged, where prior contaminations transported by the tributaries Bodrog and Maros are stored in the top 10 cm of BS. Discussion: On basis of the measured C:N:P molar ratios it can be stated that soil-derived organic materials are the main sources of the nutrient elements in the habitats of suspension feeders in the Tisza River. The finer NBS sediments have higher specific surface area than the BS and thereby contain more biofilms on the grains resulting in higher proportion of organic nutrients and metal ions bounded as complexes or chelates. Comparing the measured metal concentrations of sediments with the concentration limits summarized in the Consensus-Based Sediment Quality Guidelines developed for evaluation of potential risk of metal contaminants in sediments for the benthic-dwelling organisms, it can be established that only the Hg concentration exceeded the probable effect concentration.


Energy and spectral efficient solutions are indispensable to the success of Internet of Things (IoT). The design and development of energy and spectral efficient solutions for IoT are very challenging mainly because of the large-scale deployment of a massive number of sensors and devices. Energy harvesting and cognitive radios (CRs) are considered as promising technologies for energy and spectral efficiency, respectively. In this paper, we propose an energy and spectrum efficient scheme for CR sensor networks (CRSNs). We present an architecture of CRSNs for IoT, in which sensor nodes can access the spectrum opportunistically and harvest energy from ambient radio-frequency sources. We then propose an energy management scheme that consists of: 1) energy-aware mode switching strategy which allows sensor nodes to perform dedicated energy harvesting based on their current energy level and 2) cluster head selection algorithm which considers current and average of past energy levels of sensor nodes to achieve a balance between network performance and lifetime. Furthermore, for reliable intracluster reporting, we propose a channel management strategy to assign the best quality channel to the sensor nodes in terms of stability and reliability. Extensive simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed energy and spectrum efficient scheme and show superiority over existing schemes.


an exception to this general trend on the basis of regional population data showing an increase in the share of national growth going to the southernmost regions of Great Britain between the periods 1961-71 and 1971-75. This conclusion is not warranted. It is perfectly possible to have an increase in the share of total population growth going to a region in tandem with a decrease in the net migration of persons to it, most notably when there has been a substantial decline in the national rate of population growth. Such a decline has indeed occurred.' A recent paper by Rees (1978) contains annual estimates of net migration (unavoidably including net immigration from abroad) to the ten standard regions of Great Britain for the period 1966-76. These statistics show a decline in net migration to the South between the periods 1965-70 and 1971-76 from 13,900 to 700. Similarly, they show an increase in net migration to Wales from -3,400