The mechanical behavior of most materials is dictated by a present or emergent underlying microstructure which is a direct result of different, even competing physical mechanisms occurring at lower length scales. In this work, energetic microstructure interaction via different non‐convex contributions to the free energy in metals is modeled. For this purpose rate dependent gradient extended crystal plasticity models at the glide‐system level are formulated. The non‐convex energy serves as the driving force for the emergent microstructure. The competition between the kinetics and the relaxation of the free energy is an essential feature of the model. Non‐convexity naturally arises in finite‐deformation single‐slip crystal plasticity and the results of the gradient model for this case are compared with an effective laminate model based on energy relaxation. Similarities as well as essential differences are observed and explained. (© 2016 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Increased number of Candida albicans in the faecal microflora of chronic fatigue syndrome patients during the acute phase of illness.


We live in an ever-aging world. The percentage of older citizens increases in modern societies with the median percentage of older citizens already at 19.20% of the general population. That percentage is the result of the increase of the elderly percentage by almost 6% in the last twenty years. The ever-increased percentage of older citizens' population sets new challenges on the planning and provision of transport services. It is, therefore, necessary for both traveler information and driver assistance services to be extended and improved. Pre-trip and on-trip information services need to be provided by taking into account the special needs of older drivers; only that way it will be ensured that the provided information will be perceivable by older drivers. The said fact concerns both technical and physical issues; the provided information should be recognizable visually and audibly, but it should also be ensured that the provided information is easy to perceive by the older drivers. The requirements that need to be met for the mobility of older citizens to be improved are not purely of a technical nature. The majority of older drivers' needs are sourced in the age-related impairments of this population group. Therefore, the combination of various factors is important. In the framework of this study, the possible effects Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) and Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS) may have regarding the mobility conditions of older citizens are investigated.


Dynamic performance, safety and maintenance costs of railway vehicles strongly depend on wheelset dynamics and particularly on the design of wheelset profile. This paper considers the effect of worn wheel profile on vehicle dynamics and the trend of wear in the wheels as a result of the vehicle movements. ADAMS/RAIL is used to build a multi-body system model of the vehicle. The track model is also configured as an elastic body. Measured new and worn wheel profiles are used to provide boundary conditions for the wheel/rail contacts. The fleet velocity profile taken during its normal braking is also used for the simulation. Wear numbers are calculated for different sets of wheels and the results compared with each other. Outcome of this research can be used for modifying dynamic performance of the vehicle, improving its suspension elements and increasing ride quality. It can also be further processed to reach to a modified wheel profile suitable for the fleet/track combination and for improved maintenance of the wheels. A major advantage of the computer models in this paper is the insertion of the wheel surface properties into the boundary conditions for dynamic modelling of the fleet. This is performed by regularly measuring the worn wheel profiles during their service life and by the calculation of the wear rate for individual wheels.


SUMMARY We present a methodology for infrasonic remote sensing of winds in the stratosphere that does not require discrete ground-truth events. Our method uses measured time delays between arrays of sensors to provide group velocities (referred to here as celerities) and then minimizes the difference between observed and predicted celerities by perturbing an initial atmospheric specification.Becausewefocusoninterarraypropagationeffects,itisnotnecessarytosimulate thefullpropagationpathfromsourcetoreceiver.Thisfeatureallowsustousearelativelysimple forward model that is applicable over short-regional distances. By focusing on stratospheric returns, we show that our non-linear inversion scheme converges much better if the starting model contains a strong stratospheric duct. Using the Horizontal Wind Model (HWM)/Mass Spectrometer Incoherent Scatter (MSISE) empirical climatology as a starting model, we demonstrate that the inversion scheme is robust to large uncertainties in backazimuth, but that uncertainties in the measured trace velocity and celerity require the use of prior constraints to ensure suitable convergence. The inversion of synthetic data, using realistic estimates of measurement error, shows that our scheme will nevertheless improve upon a starting model undermostscenarios.Theinversionschemeisappliedtoinfrasounddatarecordedfromalarge event on 2010 December 25, which is presumed to be a bolide, using data from a nine-element infrasound network in Utah. We show that our recorded data require a stronger zonal wind speed in the stratosphere than is present in the HWM profile, and are more consistent with the Ground-to-Space (G2S) profile.


In this note, we establish an equivalence between a general spectral factorization and a differential game type Riccati equation based on the theory of Molinari.


This article introduces "A high voltage gain non – isolated DC DC converter based on inductors for Microgrid application." This converter presents high voltage gain without penalty of high duty ratio. The presented converter employs two single inductors, both are charging in parallel and discharging in series. The steady state analysis of proposed converter is shown in section IV. The simulation of proposed converter 17V/182V is developed in MATLAB Simulink to check the feasibility and performance of the converter.


Trust is a focal construct in management, organisational psychology, marketing, and social science fields. In the Information Systems field, researchers have shown an increasing awareness of how it contributes towards the success of virtual environments. However, studies indicate that there is much conceptual and operational confusion surrounding the construct. The objective of this paper is to reduce that confusion by outlining a number of issues that must be considered when researching trust in a computer-mediated environment. This review provides researchers with a refined and holistic understanding of the construct and consequently makes a valuable contribution not only to information systems research but also to the overall body of marketing, trust and diffusion research.


Introduction. Present article examines the representation of the iconoclast emperors in the Byzantine offices in honour of the confessors of iconoduly of the 8th – 9th centuries, and shows how this representation relates to the general view of icon-worshipers on the imperial power and its role in the spread of iconoclasm. Methods. Methods employed in this article are source research, information analysis, and comparative research. Sources on the subject include the offices in honor of the saints of the iconoclastic era which contain mentions of the iconoclastic emperors, published in the printed Menaion in Greek and Church Slavonic, as well as in Analecta hymnica Graeca. Analysis. An iconoclast emperor is usually represented by hymnographers as a tyrant, a lawless ruler, an enemy and persecutor of saints, godless and unholy, bestial and cruel, arrogant and daring, ignorant, insane and reckless, incurably sick with heresy; his teachings are hated by God, he is responsible for spreading the iconoclastic heresy. The term "tyrant" for the Byzantines meant a ruler who went against the law and the common good, preferring personal arbitrariness to the observance of laws, including church laws; a tyrant is the antipode of a legitimate emperor, his orders are illegal and criminal, and the overthrow of such an emperor is permissible. Therefore, the confessors of iconoduly are glorified for rejecting the orders and dogmas of the iconoclast emperors, and the death of such emperor is presented as the answer of God to the saints' prayers confessors. For Byzantine hymnographers, the most odious figures among the six iconoclastic emperors in texts are Leo III and Leo V, as well as Constantine V; they are called by their names or nicknames in some hymnographic texts. Theophilus, thanks to his posthumous rehabilitation, escaped such a fate: he is nowhere called by name in the hymnographic texts, but he is anonymously reviled only in the offices in honour of Theophanes and Theodore Graptoi, who were tortured on his direct order. Results. On the whole, this corresponds to the picture that can be seen in the iconodule literature of other genres, primarily in hagiographical texts. Hymnographic texts were constantly used during public worship and reached the ears of the wide masses of believers; therefore they have significant contributed to the spreading of a number of legends about icon-worshipers and iconoclasts and to the formation of the image of the iconoclastic era in the minds of the Byzantines.


The Local Government Act 1999 introduces, among other things, a requirement to demonstrate best value in the provision of council services. This paper describes the outcome of a study, by a working group of municipal engineers involved in the coastal sector, of how best value can best be demonstrated in the delivery of coastal defence services. The requirement to challenge, compete, consult and collaborate is considered. Guidance is given on the service review process and the development of a coastal defence strategy is advocated.


Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scienti fi c opinion on the safety and ef fi cacy of endo-1,4- b -xylanase produced by Komagataella phaf fi i ATCC PTA-127053 (Xygest TM HT) as a zootechnical feed additive for poultry. The production strain is genetically modi fi ed. No viable cells nor recombinant DNA of the production strain were detected in the fi nal product. Therefore, the Panel concluded that the additive does not pose any safety concern regarding the production strain. The FEEDAP Panel concluded that Xygest TM HT is considered safe for chickens for fattening at 30,000 U/kg and in laying hens at 45,000 U/kg, with a wide margin of safety. These conclusions can be extended to chickens reared for laying/breeding and extrapolated to all poultry species for fattening and reared for laying/breeding and to ornamental birds. The conclusions on laying hens are extrapolated to all laying poultry species. The use of Xygest TM HT in animal nutrition is of no concern for consumer safety and this feed additive is considered safe for the environment. The Panel also concluded that Xygest TM HT is not irritant to the eyes and skin but should be considered a dermal and a respiratory sensitiser. The Panel concluded that the additive Xygest TM HT has a potential to be ef fi cacious for laying hens under the proposed conditions of use and this conclusion can also be extrapolated to all laying poultry species. The Panel could not conclude on the ef fi cacy of the product for chickens for fattening due to insuf fi cient data.


Education is one of the main driving forces of community development. This article argues that in transition countries, community participation in developing rural vocational education systems is a prerequisite for bringing about change at local level. The reform of vocational education and training (VET) for farmers in Kyrgyzstan shows that pragmatic approaches to participation yield best results in terms of financial and operational sustainability of a training system. Following a brief description of the challenges faced by communities in transition countries, the article lists factors making participatory approaches indispensable for adapting the existing vocational education system to the realities of a market economy. Two examples demonstrate how the Agricultural and Rural Vocational Education Project of the Swiss NGO Helvetas uses participatory curriculum development processes in order to empower the communities to develop locally adapted training courses and how self-governance and co-financing of VET can be strengthened through the creation of Local Vocational Training Funds. The article ends with lessons learnt on the use of participatory approaches in VET for both Kyrgyzstan and other transition countries.


One important aspect in capacitor switching concerns the high inrush current during the energizing of the capacitor. For vacuum interrupters, it is assumed that the modification of the contact surface due to high inrush currents has the highest impact on the current breaking performance. One peculiarity of capacitor switching is the high rate of switching operations easily achieving 1000 operations in a couple of years. Two vacuum breakers were therefore operated up to 1000 times in a simple test circuit simulating the making of high inrush currents. According to standards, peak and frequency of inrush currents are 20 kA and 4250 Hz for back-to-back capacitor switching, or around 5 kA and 400 Hz for single bank switching. The range of inrush currents was extended here to peak currents up to 60 kA and frequencies up to 24 kHz. Peak current and frequency have an important impact on radius and current density of the inrush current arc, and thus on the energy deposited under the arc roots. Under the conditions prevailing here, the whole surface of the contacts exhibits a uniform melting pattern with the depth of the solidified melt being less than 1 mm after 1000 operations. It is assumed that the arc moves on the contact surface driven by the radial magnetic forces generated by this kind of contact and distributes the arc energy all over the contact surface. The inrush current integral (ICI) might be a measure of the available energy for contact melting or erosion. However, since the ICI has no relation to the arc current density, it is only representative for a particular melting pattern of the contact surface if frequency and peak inrush currents are varied in a limited range.


The main purpose of this research is to determine the usability of augmented reality in open and distance learning environments in accordance with universal design principles, and to make predictions for the future by gathering expert opinions on this subject using the Delphi technique. The Delphi technique was applied to 14 expert participants for 3 rounds as the primary data collection tool with open ended questions based on the theoretical framework. Structured interview questions were used as a secondary data collection tool and were applied during an academic exchange in China. In the Delphi technique used as the primary data collection tool, 92 themes were evaluated by experts and accepted as usability principles by end of this research. Therefore, 92 themes under 21 titles were presented for the use of augmented reality within the framework of universal design principles in open and distance learning. This research may be the first unique study on the usability of augmented reality not just as the convergence of this technology with open and distance learning environments but also incorporating the learning and communication dimensions of this convergence, thereby contributing to the literature of the field. It is imperative to determine the usability of augmented reality in open and distance learning, along with the "how" of this use in application. In this regard, the findings of this study are significant in shedding light to the enrichment, diversification and increased interaction of open and distance learning environments in accordance with universal design principles, bringing a new perspective to how a different technology convergence may be conducted, providing further accessibility.


Preliminary design computational results showed that a significant amount of increased flow turning (12 degrees) can be achieved in a high turning stator example with only 0.5% core flow counter-flow blowing (CFB). The loading is held nearly constant over the entire blade with counter flow blowing, thereby turning the flow over the entire chord. To explore this approach, an existing cascade section was modified to implement a "proof-of-concept" design. Experimental data from Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) showed that an increase of 8 degrees in turning was achieved through counter-flow blowing of 1%. Furthermore, an optimum amount of blowing exists to minimize wake increase and maximize flow vectoring. For this investigation, the Advanced Ducted Propfan Analysis Code (ADPAC) 2-D model was calibrated by comparison to the experimental results for a range of 0.15% to 0.38% core flow counter-flow blowing. Based on this study, ADPAC has been shown to be a viable design tool for CFB applications. NOMENCLATURE Cm mass blowing coefficient ( ) inf , , 03


In this paper the thermal convection field and its resonance phenomena in a rectangular cavity with heat-flux vibration were numerically examined and the results were compared with the ones of square cavity. In the case of the aspect ratio α=5 and the Prandtl number Pr=0.71, for a range of the Rayleigh number Ra the critical angular velocity ωc, at which the relative amplitude of midplane Nusselt number αm has a local maximum, agrees very well with the resonance angular velocity of internal gravity wave ωγ, estimated by the theoretical equation proposed by Thorpe, as observed for α=1. However αm has two local maxima for larger Ra, which is peculiar to the case of larger αm The time variation of components of fluctuating midplane Nusselt number shows that the phase at the maximum value of αm agrees well with that of the fluctuating component of velocity for the first resonance angular velocity ωγ. For the other angular velocity ωγ2 the phase of αm agrees with that of the fluctuating component of temperature. Moreover, we found that the boundary angular velocity ω0 between the first two ω regions among five regions, which classify the thermal convection fields against ω, can be expressed by a function of a, Rα and Pr and that αmis independent of α and Rα for relatively wide range of ω/ω0.


In experiments aimed at the identification of parameters in the dynamic model of a robotic manipulator, the use of a trajectory that excites the parameters so that the numerical estimation procedure is well-conditioned is important for an accurate estimation. This paper presents a new approach, based upon symbolic computations, to determine such "exciting trajectories". Herein, the concept of mutually productwise odd (MPO) functions is introduced, and the problem of determining an exciting trajectory is reformulated as one of rendering time histories of the regressor functions of the associated dynamic equation MPO. Parametrized joint-angle time histories whose parameters take on a discrete set of values form the search space of an algorithm that renders the regressor time histories MPO. The overall approach exploits the use of test motions to reduce the complexity of the search procedure. The approach is successfully applied to a three-link spatial manipulator, thereby showing how all required inertial parameters can be identified using exciting trajectories.<<ETX>>


Simultaneous occurrence of multiphases was observed in the interfacial reactions of ultrahigh‐vacuum (UHV) ‐deposited V and Zr thin films on (111) Si by high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy in conjunction with fast Fourier transform diffraction analysis and image simulation. For the V/Si system, an amorphous interlayer (a‐interlayer), V3Si and V5Si3, were found to form simultaneously in samples annealed at 500 °C for 60 min. For the Zr/Si system, an a‐interlayer, Zr5Si3 as well as FeB and CrB types of ZrSi, were observed to form in samples annealed at 440 °C for 40 min. The formation of multiphases appeared to be quite general in the initial stages of interfacial reactions of UHV‐deposited refractory metal and rare‐earth–metal thin films on silicon. The observation of the prevalence of the formation of multiphases in the initial stages of thin film reactions called for a reexamination of generally accepted ''difference'' in reaction sequence between bulk and thin‐film couples.


The current study was designed to evaluate the effect of sequential low and high dietary linseed oil (LO; as omega-3 enriched fatty acid; FA) before and post insemination, respectively, on dif - ferent plasma variables of ewes. Fat-tailed Qezel ewes were assigned randomly to be fed a diet enriched with 3% LO (n = 30) or the saturated FA (SFA; n = 30) three weeks before insemination (Day 0). The lipogenic diet supplemented with 6% LO or SFA was fed after insemination until Day +21. The control ewes were fed an isocaloric and isonitrogenous diet with no additional FA during the study. Estrus was synchronized by inserting a vaginal sponge (Spongavet ® ) for 12 days + 500 IU equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG; Gonaser ® ), and ewes were inseminated via laparoscopic approach 56–59 h after eCG injection. The size of ovarian structures was assessed by transvag - inal ultrasonography at −21, −14, −2, 0, and +10 days. Blood samples were collected weekly to measure the plasma's different biochemical variables and FA profile. Treatment did not affect the amounts of glucose, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydroge - nase, interleukin-10, interleukin-2, and non-esterified FA ( p > 0.05). Conversely, concentrations of triglyceride, cholesterol, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and insulin-like growth factor-1 were higher in SFA-fed ewes relative to control animals ( p < 0.05). LO feeding resulted in greater amounts of n -3 FA isomers in plasma, while higher amounts of stearic acid were detected in SFA fed group 0 and +21 ( p < 0.05). The number of ovarian follicles and corpora lutea also were not affected by treat - ment. Other reproductive variables were not affected by treatment except for the reproductive rate. It seems that LO or SFA feeding of fat-tailed ewes peri-insemination period was not superior to the isocaloric non-additional fat diet provided for the control group during the non-breeding season


. It has been proven that readiness for school is one of the conditions for the successful adaptation of children to school. A model of a psychological portrait of an adapted first-grader is presented, taking into account the pedagogical, intellectual, motivational


Health management information system is often touted as a "midas-touch" solution to cover up for the umpteen errors and inadequacies in the data that is captured in healthcare organizations. What usually get ignored by the data entry owners are the snowball effect of poor quality data on the management information reports and its ultimate effect on the balance sheet. Another fallacy that is often responsible for failure of Health information projects is the gap between the real and perceived conceptualization of the design of information system. If we have to let the continuum of data-information-knowledge–wisdom evolve on its own, we have to ensure the quality of input data along with efforts in minimizing the gap between design and realit


Dirofilaria lutrae sp. n. is described from the subcutaneous tissues of the American otter in Louisiana and Florida. The species is characterized by long and slender form, absence of longitudinal cuticular ridges (except on the tail of the male), extremely large left and relatively short right spicules, and an unusually large, unsheathed microfilaria. Morphologically, the species is most similar to Dirofilaria incrassata which parasitizes certain Central and South American sloths. In the course of a survey of filariae of animals in southern Louisiana in 1959 and 1960, a species of Dirofilaria producing a very large, unsheathed microfilaria was found in the subcutaneous tissues of the otter, Lutra canadensis texensis Goldman. Similar surveys were undertaken in south Florida in 1960-61 and the same species of Dirofilaria was recovered from the otter, Lutra canadensis vaga Bangs, in Dade and Collier counties. Preliminary studies indicated that the species was morphologically distinct from others of the genus. Additional specimens from the same host were obtained from Dr. J. F. Schacher who made collections at the Rockefeller Refuge in Louisiana and from Dr. W. H. Leigh whose material was collected in the Everglades region of Florida. Dirofilaria spp. have not previously been reported from the otter in North America. However, two species have been found in the South American otter, Pteronura brasiliensis. Vogelsang (1940) reported D. immitis in the heart and pulmonary vessels of an otter in Venezuela. Freitas and Lent (1949) described a new species, D. spectans, from the heart and pulmonary arteries of otters in Brazil. The species description presented in this report is based on the examination of specimens recovered from an otter captured in Terrebonne Parish, Louisiana. Measurements are in millimeters unless otherwise indicated. Range is followed by average in parentheses. Received for publication 29 May 1964. * Supported by Grant EF-10,217 from NIH, U. S. Public Health Service. t Present address: Delta Regional Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana. Dirofilaria lutrae sp. n. (Figs. 1-9) Description Onchocercidae (Leiper, 1911); Dirofilariinae (Sandground, 1921); Dirofilaria Railliet and Henry, 1911. Body long, slender, uniform in diameter except at the tapered extremities. Cuticle finely striated transversely; longitudinal ridges lacking except on ventral surface of male tail. Oral opening small, circular (Fig. 6), surrounded by four pairs of submedian papillae in addition to a pair of amphids. Esophagus distinctly divided into muscular and glandular portions (Figs. 1, 7, 8). Microfilariae circulate in peripheral blood. Male (15 specimens): Body length 49 to 73 (55); width 0.20 to 0.28 (0.23) at nerve ring, 0.20 to 0.31 (0.26) at mid-body, 0.07 to 0.10 (0.09) at level of cloaca. Esophagus length 0.87 to 1.00 (0.92). Nerve ring 0.26 to 0.29 (0.27) from anterior end. Cloaca 72 to 84 t from posterior end of body. Preanal papillae large, elongate, pedunculated, usually six or seven on left side, five to seven on right; posteriormost pair set inward toward midline (Fig. 2). Single pair of papillae immediately behind cloaca in midventral line. Paired postanal papillae on line with preanals, thre or four in number, usually four; first pair large, second, third, and fourth tall, slender, closely grouped (Fig. 2). Phasmids ventrolaterally placed near tip of tail. Spicules unequal and dissimilar; left 0.55 to 0.70 (0.60) long, right 0.15 to 0.20 (0.17); mean left : right spicular ratio, 3.5: 1. Left spicule with slender tubular shaft and lamina composed of two laterally oriented elements, one short, the other very long and filamentous (Fig. 3). Right spicule short, relatively narrow, boat-shaped (Fig. 3). Tail spirally coiled, usually in two turns. Caudal alae broad. Female (15 specimens): Body length 130 to 180 (151), width at nerve ring 0.33 to 0.36 (0.34), at vulva 0.32 to 0.40 (0.37), at mid-body 0.32 to 0.37 (0.36), at anus 0.09 to 0.11 (0.10). Esophagus 1.15 to 1.33 (1.28) long; nerve ring 0.31 to 0.37 (0.36) from anterior end. Vulva posterior to esophageal-intestinal junction, 1.7 to 2.9 (2.1) from anterior end. Vagina vera muscular, bulbous, ovejector-like; remainder of vagina, usually di-


Using the data from the corporate tax transparency reports of entity tax information released by the Australian Taxation Office for the three income years 2013-14 to 2015-16, this study investigates the relations between (a) 'taxable income' in corporate tax return and 'profit before tax' in financial report and (b) 'tax payable' in corporate tax return and 'tax expense' and 'current tax expense' in financial report, as well as other variables that may explain these book-tax relations. This study finds that on average a 1% increase in profit before tax from continuing operations is associated with 0.66% increase in taxable income. On average a 1% increase in tax expense in income statement is associated with 0.71% increase in tax payable in tax return, and a 1% increase in current tax expense is associated with 0.95% increase in tax payable in tax return. Profits from discontinued operations, profits attributable to non-controlling (or minority) interests in the corporate group, the extent of foreign operations and the tax losses carried forward indicator also explain these book-tax relations. * Research School of Accounting, College of Business and Economics, The Australian National University This article was accepted for publication on 24 February 2020 Acknowledgements The helpful comments and suggestions of the participants of the 2019 ATTA Conference are gratefully acknowledged. ATF 35(1).indb 108 16/3/20 2:47 pm Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3913464 109 BOOK-TAX RELATIONS OF LARGE AUSTRALIAN COMPANIES


The article deals with the development of methods to estimate strength of an optical cable against exposure to external mechanical factors


When primary resonance occurs, even a small external disturbance can abruptly excite large amplitude vibration and deteriorate the working performance of a flexible manipulator. Most active control methods are effective for non-resonant vibration but not for primary resonance. In view of this, this paper puts forward a new nonlinear saturation-based control method to suppress the primary resonance of a flexible manipulator considering complicated rigid-flexible coupling and modal coupling. A vibration absorber with variable stiffness/damping is designed to establish an energy exchange channel for saturation. A novel idea of modal coupling enhancement is suggested to improve saturation performance by strengthening the coupling relationship between the mode of the vibration absorber and the controlled mode of the flexible manipulator. Through stability analysis on the primary resonance response of the flexible manipulator with the vibration absorber, the saturation mechanism is successfully established and the effectiveness of the saturation control algorithm is validated. On this basis, several important indexes are extracted and employed to optimize saturation control. Finally, a series of virtual prototyping simulations and experiments are conducted to verify the feasibility of the suggested saturation-based control method. This research will contribute to the primary resonance suppression of a flexible manipulator under a complex external excitation environment.


Atomic norm offers a universal way to regularize ill-posed inverse problems. A fundamental problem in understanding the power of such regularization is determining norm-achieving decompositions. Sufficient conditions for atomic decomposition have been established for many instances of atomic norms. In this work, by using Markov-Bernstein type inequalities, we show that the resolution conditions that appear in these sufficient conditions are almost necessary.


Over half (57.3%) of cases had MDROs. Acinetobacter baumannii was predominant MDROs (64%). Other MDROs included: Klebseilla ESBL* (14.7%), Pseudomonas (7.2%), Providencia ESBL (4.6%) and Proteus ESBL (4%) (Table 2). Isolation sites were: sputum (56%), blood (19.3%) and urine (14.9%). Risk factors included: patients being on a ventilator (57.6%), patients with a Foley catheter (60.5%) and patients on central line (58.1%). Antibiotic resistance patterns changed during the surveillance period and Acinetobacter baumannii resistance to ciprofloxacin increased from 85% in 2010 to 90% in 2011, however no Colistin resistant was reported.


The purpose of the study was to analyze situations of occurrence and spread of destructive rumors and, at the same time, to identify effective legal practices to counteract them in multicultural urban communities. In most cases, rumors do not reflect the factual situation, so they cannot be a tool for unbiased presentation of facts and, in the case of intercultural interaction, they can also provoke extreme and unlawful negative feelings about a certain group of people. The results of the study indicate that in the city Melitopol there are rumors about immigrants, refugees, ethnic groups, national communities or other groups, which are mostly negative. The analysis made it possible to identify the most common ethnic rumors: «Roma are thieves», «Jews are selfish»; confessional: «Muslims are terrorists»; socio-cultural: «IDPs live on state aid», «Ukrainians are cheap labor from Western Europe». Based on a qualitative analysis of social practices of Melitopol community members, in the conclusions the authors corroborate the effectiveness of ways of counteracting destructive rumors in multicultural urban communities as a legal means of solving the problems of intercultural interactions.


A Stable non-alcoholic transdermal hydrogel dexfenfluramine ibuprofen are prepared using a simple manufacturing method, experiments, pH adjusting agents, antioxidants and water miscible solvent, for dexfenfluramine ibuprofen stable non alcoholic transdermal hydrogel it is essential excipients in order to obtain revealed. Carbopol while generating the dexfenfluramine Ibuprofen hydrogel opaque gels prepared using a gelling polymer, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) were prepared using a gelling polymer hydrogel a clear gel generated. Physical properties upon conducted hydrogel at promoting conditions of three months stability tests in laminated tubes (40 ℃ / 75% RH), pH, with respect to the assay, and particularly with respect to related substances value, significant changes It was not observed. .BACKGROUND


Contemporarily, the practice of science and engineering in relation to complex event based system design and implementation calls for a method of accurately verifying ,modifying and deploying such a system to enable analysts predict the effect of changes to the system stability. Modeling is commonly used for understanding engineering and operations of systems in general. Developing a system whose operation is represented as a chronological sequence of events is the basis of Event based Engineering (EBE). The complexity associated with the design of such systems can be reduced through modeling ,visualization and Discrete Event Simulation (DES). Lift systems, Queue models, Flow control models, communication networks etc, can accurately be developed and analyzed using DES. This paper presents modeling with event based simulation as a simplified approach for developing complex event-based engineering systems. It outlines steps to developing a simulation model as well as its analysis. A case for a communication process model (Reengineered datacenter network- DCN) is presented using MATLAB Simevent software package. The discussion presented in this paper will help engineers, system architects, computer scientists to understand the basis of modeling and simulation in general contexts.


This study investigates patterns of topical migration, specifically interactional dynamics of conceptual drifting and metacognition as counteracting forces, in interactive information retrieval. "Think aloud" sessions of exploratory search conducted by five graduate students were recorded, and the audio recordings were first coded into semi- structured notes and then converted into flow graphs for temporal analysis. The study finds that conceptual drifting, driven by the searcher's attempts to find more relevant results, unfolds as sequences of conceptual switching instances, with each sequence centering on a major concept (a focal point). As the search flow moves from one focal point to the next, it forms second-order patterns of conceptual drifting. Awareness of conceptual drifting typically occurs right after the changing of focal point, followed by metacognitive efforts of referencing the original search question or repeating the initial search. Metacognitive behaviors are found to be closely correlated to occurrences of conceptual switching. As more instances of conceptual switching occur, the searcher grows more likely to become aware of the shifting of focus and exercise mental efforts to regain control of the search process.


One of the most powerful principles of microeconomics is that comparative static properties of a given behavioural equation can often be derived from the postulate that it is a solution function of some extremum problem. Applying this principle, economists have individually analyzed a wide variety of specific economic models-usually through complicated derivations involving bordered Hessians. The main purpose of the present article is to derive general formulae of comparative statics for the extremum problem with many constraint functions, where the same shift parameters appear in both target and constraint functions and all of the constraint and target functions are non-linear. This problem contains most of the models whose comparative statics have been studied so far. Our method of comparative statics is related to those proposed by Houthakker (1951-52), Samuelson (1960, 1965), Diamond and McFadden (1974), Silberberg (1974) and Gorman (1976). Threefeatures distinguish the present approach from those ofthis literature. First, our method yields satisfactory comparative static conditions when constraints contain parameters. In particular, they contain the theorems of recent applied economic models whose shift parameters appear in both target and constraint functions.' Second, only unconstrained extremum conditions are used in our derivation of comparative statics for constrained extremum problems; the Lagrangean multiplier method is dispensed with as an analytical tool. Third, the present framework yields heuristic proofs of both the Lagrangean method and the Kuhn-Tucker conditions. The method may be outlined as follows. We transform the original constrained extremum problem into an unconstrained extremum problem of the associated gain function. This function contains as the variables vectors of both decision variables and parameters of the original problem. The unconstrained extremum conditions of the gain function with respect to the decision variables establish the Lagrangean method, while those with respect to the parameter vector yield the comnparative static formulae. Our method of derivation may be called the gain function method. In the present paper we will nowhere assume convexity, nor will we employ theories on convex sets and functions. The next section illustrates the gain function approach in the simplest possible situation by proving the Lagrangean method. Comparative static results are derived in Section 2. The Le Chatelier-Samuelson Principle is generalized in Section 3. The gain function method is applied to maximization problems with inequality constraints in Section 4. The final section presents economic applications of the results.


Magnetoactive elastomers(MAEs) are able to deform significantly in response to the application of magnetic fields. Usually, a magnetic field which is harmonic in time usually results in a harmonic mechanical response of the MAEs. To render MAEs with the ability of responding or deforming diversely or anharmonically in time, in this work, we propose a hybrid MAE which is based on a rubber matrix embedded with both soft iron particles and hard NdFeB-alloy particles. Firstly, based on the principle of minimum free energy, we establish a theoretical model to study magnetomechanical behaviors of the proposed hybrid MAEs. Then, through both theoretical and experimental studies, we show that the response of a hybrid MAE sample to the applied magnetic field is usually complex, i.e. the deformation induced by a harmonic magnetic field in time is anharmonic. At last, the effect of two main factors, the state of magnetization and the amplitude of the applied magnetic field, is studied both experimentally and theoretically. This work provides a new idea of diversifying the temporal response of MAEs to the application of harmonic magnetic fields (harmonic in time). The hybrid MAEs may serve as a complement to the recently proposed 3D-printed hard MAEs which are able to deform inhomogeneously in space in response to a uniform magnetic field.


The modern digital world and associated innovative and state-of-the-art applications that characterize its presence, render the current digital age a captivating era for many worldwide. These innovations include dialogue systems, such as Apple's Siri, Google Now, and Microsoft's Cortana, that stay on the personal devices of users and assist them in their daily activities. These systems track the intentions of users by analyzing their speech, context by looking at their previous turns, and several other external details, and respond or act in the form of speech output. For these systems to work efficiently, a dialogue state tracking (DST) module is required to infer the current state of the dialogue in a conversation by processing previous states up to the current state. However, developing a DST module that tracks and exploit dialogue states effectively and accurately is challenging. The notable challenges that warrant immediate attention include scalability, handling the unseen slot-value pairs during training, and retraining the model with changes in the domain ontology. In this article, we present a new end-to-end framework by combining BERT, Stacked Bidirectional LSTM (BiLSTM), and a multiple attention mechanism to formalize DST as a classification problem and address the aforementioned issues. The BERT-based module encodes the user's and system's utterances. The Stacked BiLSTM extracts the contextual features and multiple attention mechanisms to calculate the attention between its hidden states and the utterance embeddings. We experimentally evaluated our method against the current approaches over a variety of datasets. The results indicate a significant overall improvement. The proposed model is scalable in terms of sharing the parameters and it considers the unseen instances during training.


As part of the program for developing VTOL craft, the National Aerospace Laboratory (NAL) of the Japanese Government installed two JR100 lift jet engines on their Flying Test Bed, following upon the successful outcome of tests on the Height Control Tower with other JR100 engines. These JR100 engines were developed in a joint effort between NAL and IHI. Five engines in three successively modified version have been produced, and the aggregate number of runs has already reached 1700, recording accumulated operating time of more than 200 hrs. The engine which has a 6-stage compressor, an annular combuster and a single-stage turbine, produces 3350 lb thrust and weighs 340 lb.Copyright © 1971 by ASME


The present invention is a method of using IL-22 polypeptide, IL-22Fc fusion protein and IL-22 agonists, compositions containing the same substance, a method for preparing said composition, the composition for the treatment of diseases on. The present invention also relates to IL-22 receptor-related reagents and methods for their use.


It is well known that growth of fruit trees becomes less vigorus when the oxygen concentration in the soil atmosphere is depressed too much by poor aeration. This experiment was conducted with grapes to study this subject from the standpoint of nutrient absorption. MATERIALS AND METHODS In mid-January of 1962, one-year-old Delaware grapes were planted in WAGNER's pots of 1/2,000 a (15 liters) with sandy loam (pore space 36.1%, pH 6.4, water equivalent 40.8%). One vine in each pot and three vines each of five plots were prepared. One g N (ammonium sulphate), 0.5 g P2o5 (fused phosphate), 0.5 g K20 (potassium chloride), 15 g Ca0 (slake lime) and 0.5 g Mg0 (magnesiium sulphate) were applied on each pot in mid-February. As shown in Fig. 1, the soil surface of the pot was covered tightly with vinyl film of 0.2 mm thickness on May 15. The air in these soils was renewed every day through an opening on the bottom-side of the pot by the BovNTON's hydraulic pressure method. Five liters of controlled air was circulated in each pot for 4 hours each day. The experiment consisted of 20, 10, 5, 2 and 0% oxygen plots. Oxygen concentration was controlled with a gas flow meter before the air was released into soils by mixing it with nitrogen in a 50 liter gas tank. The constitution of the soil air in the pot was determined with the HALDEN'S gas analyzing apparatus every two weeks before renewing. The data obtained are presented in Table 1. Treatments were continued for three months from May 15 to August 13. To observe the seasonal change of vine growth, shoot length was measured every week during the treatments. After removing the vines from the pots on August 13, their leaf, stem and root weights were determined Fig. 1. Diagram of aerating in the study system used


The article presents data on the hemostatic properties of apple and citrus pectins on the model of an incised wound of the lower pole of the kidney (parenchymal bleeding). The time of com-plete hemostasis when using pectins is 10 seconds. The volume of blood loss does not exceed 0.3 mg per organ.


The present paper establishes the photonic superguiding theory in polar crystals with a high nonlinearity. In the microscopic theory it is shown that photons can feel an attractive effective interaction by exchange of virtual phonons. Such an interaction leads to the superguiding state, in which the photons with opposite wave vectors and spins are bound into pairs. The photon pairs travel without scattering attenuations. In the semiclassical theory we find that polar crystals with a high nonlinearity are self-defocusing media with dispersion and the optical fibers made from such crystals can propagate temporal solitons without dispersion. If the photons propagating in such a waveguide enter the superguiding state, the waveguide exhibits both an ultralow energy loss and a high transmission rate.


Oriental Pied Hornbill is a member of the Bucerotidae family that can use rather changing habitats, including a forest fragment in Runtu, Central Kalimantan. The objective of this study is to evaluate the population status of Anthracoceros albirostris in an oil palm concession with a conserved natural habitat at Runtu, Kotawaringin Barat, Central Kalimantan. Habitat profiling for oriental pied hornbill is important to understand its role in supporting the population growth and sustainability of oriental pied hornbill in the area in question. The method to measure the size of the oriental pied hornbill's population was a strip transect, and the habitat profile was evaluated using a combination of single plot methods. In total, there are 35 plant species belonging to seven families which serve as sources of food for hornbills identified to occur in the study area. The research shows that the oriental pied hornbill frequently and consistently visits Ficus variegata, F. aurata, F benjamina, Polyalthia xanthopetala, and Baccaurea bracteata during the observation period. The appearance of the oriental pied hornbill was found to be higher in the morning than the afternoon, with 4.37 ± 2.729 and 4.68 ± 6.03 individuals respectively. This study also found that the male and female ratio was 3: 4 with clustered dispersal patterns.


Most of the gasoline produced in Saudi Arabia is used as automobile fuel. It is produced in two grades, regular and premium, with no low-lead or non-leaded gasoline currently under production. The principal difference between the regular and premium gasoline is the antiknock performance. As high as 0.84 gm/liter of the octane enhancer, tetra ethyl lead (TEL) is added to the gasoline. This is considered high as compared with the rate used by other countries. As a result of the fast growth of vehicle use in Saudi Arabia, ambient airborne lead level at traffic locations has exceeded both the EPA and the EEC air quality standards and directions for lead pollution. It is expected that a rapid phasedown of lead will take place in the Kingdom.


This work analyzes the use of images as a pedagogical strategy by teachers of the Elementary School of Sciences in State Schools of the city of Tubarao, Santa Catarina. This research aimed to evaluate the use of images as a teaching strategy in the representation of biological phenomena from the perspective of teachers. Regarding the methodology, it is a field research of the descriptive type, with a qualitative approach. As a data collection instrument, a questionnaire was drawn up, containing 12 questions, 9 closed questions and 3 open questions, which deal with the frequency of use of these resources and which are used, as well as their importance and influence on the teaching view through the use images in relation to student learning. Sixteen schools of the Tubarao State Network participated and submitted the questionnaire to 16 science teachers. After the data collection, the data were tabulated in the Microsoft Excel Software that enabled the obtaining of tables and graphs parameterized study. The use of images should be understood as a strategy as complete as all other more traditional rather than just seen as something complementary. The results of this work proved to be positive, and that images can and should be used as a pedagogical strategy to facilitate learning, since the use of images and their frequency were considered as an important tool in the discipline of Science.


Design considerations for a temperature sensor to be launched onboard the space mission MetNet precursor to Mars are presented. An IR multispectral sensor has been proposed to measure Martian surface temperature to an accuracy of ±1 K without knowing ground emissivity. Two methods for temperature retrieval have been assessed, both relying on comparative measurements at two wavelengths and/or two temperatures. Spectral calculations of surface emission and atmospheric absorption-emission have been made with a simple Martian atmosphere model, and signal to noise ratios have been estimated at transparent wavelengths for several temperatures. Temperature accuracy has been derived for the two methods, showing that bi-color pyrometry has in principle the ability to provide the desired temperature accuracy for reasonable values of sensor detectivity, field of view and spectral filter width, for T≫200 K. This sensor can be applied also to estimate CO2 concentrations in the Martian atmosphere, by comparing signals measured at CO2 absorption and transparent bands.


The statistics of science and technology is a basic task for all science and technological management depart- ments to executive science decision and enhance overview management.Science and technological statistics results in- flect personnel resources and its distribution;investment of research funds of high school and its ability of gaining all kinds of research funds;outcome situation of science and technological achievements in high school scien-tech activ- ity;the display of complicated abilities in scien-tech activity of high school Some questions and deficiency will be found by analyzing the results of sicen-tech.So it will height the level of scien-tech management;advance the in- novation of internal management institution of high school and scien-tech institution and so on;provide the depend- ant data service and inflecting information for high school scien-tech development and decision.


We consider separation of ideal multicomponent mixtures with constant relative volatility and constant molar flows and at constant pressure. The exact analytical solution of minimum energy in a generalized Petlyuk arrangement for separation of N-component feed into M products has been derived. Interestingly, the minimum energy solution in a complex integrated Petlyuk arrangement is equal to the most difficult split between any pair of the products, as if each single split was to be carried out in an ordinary 2-product column. This extends the results for the 3-product Petlyuk arrangement from Part II to a generalized arrangement with any number of products and feed components. The solution is very simple to visualize in the Vmin-diagram (Part I), simply as the highest peak. In addition to the overall minimum vapour flow we obtain flow rates and component distribution for all internal column sections in the arrangement.


PURPOSE: A power stabilizing apparatus linked with new energy generation is provided to use power efficiently, by installing a bidirectional converter. CONSTITUTION: A battery (150) stores an output power of a DC/DC converter. An AC/DC converter (160) converts an AC power source to a DC power source. The AC/DC converter supplies the DC power source to the battery. A bidirectional converter (120) supplies a power source to the AC power source and the battery. A control unit stabilizes the output power of the bidirectional converter. [Reference numerals] (140) Control part; (170) Generator; (AA) Solar energy; (BB) Wind energy; (CC) Tidal energy; (DD) Hydro energy


A stochastic differential equation is proposed for a characteristic function whose inverse function describes a self-similar random process with a power-law behavior of power spectra in a wide frequency range and a power-law amplitude distribution function. Gaussian "tails" for the characteristic distribution make it possible to evaluate its stability according to the formulas of classical statistics using the maximum of the Gibbs-Shannon entropy and, therefore, the stability of a random process given by an inverse function.


Guided by a life-course perspective and using a longitudinal panel data set collected at three developmental stages (early adolescence, young adulthood, and middle adulthood), structural equation analyses specify how early school failure influences status attainment at midlife. The results demonstrate that years of education completed in early adulthood is not the only mediating pathway. Lower levels of mental health and higher rates of deviant behaviors in early adulthood are additional mediating processes. A modest residual direct effect of school failure in adolescence on status attainment at midlife is interpretable in terms of inherited or acquired cognitive abilities and motivational dispositions manifested in early adolescence


Recent studies have been encouraging in their promise of an ultimate rational solution of snow-melt-runoff problems associated with the forecasting of irrigation-water supplies. Less encouraging is the obvious lack of pertinent data upon which to base the operation of forecasting methods which would take into account the influence of the heat absorbed by the snow from the blanketing air-mass and that of radiation and condensation. Observational facilities must be provided which will give more accurate knowledge of the water in the snow and the conditions of mantle structure under which snow responds to melting influences. The location of these observational points must be in accord with statistical principles of sampling which will consider variations in basin shape, elevation, and aspect.

The problem of utilizing water in the form of snow is best conceived of as one of conservation by storage, the great snowfields of the mountainous West being considered as vast reservoirs in which the life-sustaining waters are impounded as realistically as is in the case of water reserves held behind man-made dams. In the latter type of conservation the control of release is accomplished through mechanically operated gates and valves; in the former, Nature exercises a thermostatic control of water-deliveries by integrating the factors which are known to provide heat for melting. A principal source of heat is that contained in an air-mass moving over a snow-area. Here heat is transferred to the snow-surface through a continually renewed contact between snow and air occasioned by an active turbulence in the lower layers. Also, that portion of the Sun's heat-energy which penetrates the atmospheric envelope contributes appreciable heat to melting processes.


Fundamental physics on indirect-drive implosion by an intense laser pulse is reviewed. This type of implosion is superior to the direct-drive implosion on a view point of heating uniformity and hydrodynamical stability, however, there are many problems to be clarified in radiation-hydrodynamics of dense matter. X-ray conversion, absorption and implosions driven by X-rays are discussed with recent experimental data and simulations.


Practice:  Although only one EBP showed statistically significant difference by race, the slightly lower proportion of AAs receiving EBPs has clinical significance and identifies disparities where improved pain management practices and quality are needed. While analgesics were ordered similarly, the data available could not be examined for type of medications, dosage, or appropriateness for management of pain.  Hospices should ensure ALL patients receive, per Medicare benefits, their allowable one-time visit with a healthcare provider to discuss options for pain management.  Nurses should equip and empower ALL older adults and their families/caregivers by providing adequate education on pain management.


By calculating self-induced coefficient of cylindrical conductor, conical conductor, hemisphere conductor and elliptical conductor, this paper found it had nothing to do with the shape of conductor. Therefore, thep aper proved any non-rotating hollow conductor inductance had no relationship with the thickness and shape ofc onductor.


The article shows to the concept of sport autonomy, functioning of the national and international sports federations such as Polish Football Association, sports licences. The reader can find the answer to the question such as whether oragnisations like Polish Football Association have a rule-making power, concerning the issuance of licensing systems. To what extent are these issues influencing the development of sports infrastructure (mainly football stadiums).


This article discusses the use of OCLC's QuestionPoint service for managing electronic publications and other items that fall outside the scope of OCLC Library's OPAC and Web resources pages, yet need to be "put somewhere." The local knowledge base serves as both a collection development tool and as a virtual vertical file, with records that are easy to enter, search, update, or delete. ********** We do not deliberately collect for the Vertical File, but add to it day by day the useful thing which turns up. These include clip- pings from newspapers, excerpts from periodicals ... broadsides that are not injured by folding ... anything that we know will be used if available. --Wilson Bulletin, 1919 Information that "will be used if available" sounds like the contents of the Internet. (1) As with libraries everywhere, the OCLC Library has come to depend on the Internet as an almost limitless resource. And like libraries everywhere, it has confronted the advantages and disadvantages of that scope. This means that in addition to using the OPAC and OCLC library's webpages, OCLC library staff have used a mix of bookmarks, del.icio.us tags, and Post-it[R] notes to keep track of relevant, authoritative, substantive, and potentially reusable information. Much has been written about the use of QuestionPoint's transaction management capabilities and of the important role of knowledge bases in providing closure to an inquiry. In contrast, this article will look at QuestionPoint's use as a management tool for future questions, for items that fall outside the scope of OCLC library's OPAC and Web resources pages yet need to be "put somewhere." The QuestionPoint local knowledge base is just the spot for these new vertical file items. About OCLC Library OCLC is the world's largest nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization. More than 69,000 libraries in 112 countries and territories around the world use OCLC services to locate, acquire, catalog, lend, and preserve library materials. OCLC Library was established in 1977 to provide support for OCLC's mission. The collection concentrates on library, information and computer sciences, business management, and has special collections that include the papers of Frederick G. Kilgour and archives of the Dewey Decimal Classification. [TM] OCLC Library has a distinct clientele to which it offers a complete range of services--print and electronic collections, reference, interlibrary loan--within its subject areas. Because of the nature of the organization, the library supports long-term and collaborative research, such as that done by OCLC Programs and Research staff, as well as the immediate information needs of product management and marketing staff. OCLC Library also provides information to OCLC's other service areas, such as finance and human resources. While most OCLC Library acquisitions are done on demand, OCLC Library selects and maintains an extensive collection of periodicals, journals, and reference resources, most of them online and accessible-along with the OPAC--to OCLC employees worldwide from the library's webpages (See figure 1). Often, however, OCLC staff, like those of many organizations, are too busy to consult these resources themselves and thus depend on the library. OCLC Library staff pursue the answers to such research questions through its collections and look to enhance the collections with "anything that we know will be" of use. One of the challenges is keeping track of the "anything" that falls outside the library's primary collections scope; QuestionPoint helps with that task. Traditional uses of QuestionPoint QuestionPoint is a service that provides question management tools aimed at increasing the visibility of reference services and making them more efficient. OCLC Library uses many of those tools, but there are significant ones it does not use (for example, Chat). …


PURPOSE: A method and a device for automatically updating commodity information through an electronic catalogue are provided to update commodity information automatically through an electronic catalogue having selected commodity information being updated by selecting only a commodity to be displayed in a shopping mall and a commodity displaying position of the commodity out of commodity lists of a received catalogue mail. CONSTITUTION: If a commodity information transmitting signal including a commodity selection list selected from a shopping mall manager received in a 'C' type catalogue mail is received(S1235), commodity information corresponded to the commodity selection list is stored in a shopping mall related database combined with the shopping mall(S1237). In the case that a commodity information is not included in the 'C' type catalogue mail, commodity information with respect to the commodity selection list is requested to a manufacturing company. If the commodity information is received, the commodity information is stored in the shopping mall. Image files corresponded to each commodity selection list are transmitted to the shopping mall from the manufacturing company(S1239). After updating the commodity information of the shopping mall automatically, the commodity selection list is stored in the current commodity registration condition according to shopping malls of a shopping mall related database combined with the manufacturing company(S1241).


The effect of variable stratification on the linear bifurcations of a doubly diffusive plane parallel layer are examined numerically by expanding in a Fourier series. Because the motivation is analysis of solar pond stability, a Prandtl number of 7 and ratio of diffusivities of 1/80 is used in the study, with (large) solute Rayleigh numbers (Rs) ranging from 10/sup 4/ to 10/sup 12/. Stratification of solute is a cubic antisymmetric about midlayer; because temperature has a higher diffusivity, it is given a linear stratification. The numerical results approach Walton's perturbation solution at large Rs, but differ significantly at smaller Rs (<10/sup 8/). While both exchange of stabilities and overstable modes display an expected tendency to localize about the point of minimum solute gradient, the overstable modes behave in other, nonintuitive, ways. Localization, if extreme enough, can even stabilize small sublayers of reversed salinity gradient. Above Rs = 10/sup 12/, computations become prohibitively expensive as a continuous spectrum is approached. A simple sublayer scaling rule defines an infinite family of Rs and stratification parameters on which the localized eigensolution is invariant.


The possible lipids risk materials in formula milk powder for infant and young children are reviewed.These materials including trans fatty acid,lauric acid,myristic acid,Eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA),the oxygenized product of EPA and DHA,synthetic phenolic antioxidants.The sources of these risk materials,the harm to human health and the determination methods of these lipids risk materials are also introduced.


SUMMARY (1) Transect censuses and resightings of marked giant tortoises from two island populations on Aldabra show that in one population, on Grande Terre, some of the tortoises migrate to the coast during the rainy season although many stay inland. (2) Mortality is higher on the coast than it is inland; due to the lack of shade on the coast many tortoises die from heat exposure. (3) The coastal vegetation is quicker to respond to the beginning of the rains than the 'tortoise turf' found inland. Migrant tortoises gain from the higher productivity of the coastal vegetation at the beginning of the rains. (4) The reproductive output (assessed by ovarian examination) of females on the coast is higher than of those that remain inland. (5) It is argued that migrant and non-migrant individuals persist together in the population because they receive approximately equal pay-offs; although coastal individuals risk a greater probability of death, the migrants achieve a higher reproductive success mediated by the greater primary productivity of coastal vegetation. The costs and benefits of migration will be frequency dependent, so the equilibrium ratio of migrants to non-migrants should be stable. (6) Resighting frequencies of tortoises on the coast in different wet seasons suggest that migrant tortoises go to the coast in a relatively high proportion of years and that there are some 'inland' tortoises that never go to the coast. (7) The system controlling the determination of the movement morph is unknown.


This publication outlines in some measure the work involved in a series of tests made to study the effect of a number of non-pressure processes commonly used in the treatment of wood with creosote in extending the life of northern white cedar posts and poles exposed to the agencies of decay, and sets forth the records and findings in such a form as to represent a summary of the results. The methods of treatment include brushing, dipping, steeping, and double-tank processes. Some of the timbers were incised before treatment; others were left plain. Still others were left untreated, to serve as a check on the effectiveness of these several preservative processes. The specimens, approximately 42 inches in length, provided from 180 seven-foot and 186 ten-foot posts, were treated in the summers of 1922 and 1923 and were allowed to remain in an unprotected position in the soil for a period of twenty years. They were inspected at regular intervals in order to secure data for an accurate record of their behavior throughout the duration of the tests. The findings of the observations and investigations are recorded in some detail in the several diagrams and tables throughout the text and in Appendix A, and the analyses of the preservative oil originally injected into the wood together with that remaining in the wood at the end of the twenty-year period are summarized for comparison. CONTENTS PAGE


Background. The influence of psychosocial factors such as stress, anxiety, depression, and self‐esteem on birth weight is controversial. A prospective study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between pregnancy outcomes, psychosocial profile, and maternal health practices. Methods. 3,149 low‐income, predominantly African‐American pregnant women participated in this study. A 28‐item psychosocial scale measured the constructs of negative and positive affect, self esteem, mastery, worry, and stress. Maternal health practices were assessed with 11 questions dealing with diet, exercise, and the use of preventive medical and dental services. Results. A low score on either scale indicated "poor" psychosocial or health practices status. Low birth weight, preterm delivery, and intrauterine growth retardation occurred in 10.9, 10.1 and 7.3% of the pregnant women respectively. In women with low psychosocial scores, the risk of both low birth weight and preterm delivery was 40% higher and the mean birth weight of infants was 51 g (p=0.02) lower as compared to women with high scores. Negative affect (a measure of depression) was the only factor significantly associated with both infant birth weight (β= − 71.2, p=0.001) and low birth weight (AOR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.1–1.7). When data were stratified by body mass index, the adverse effect of negative affect scores on birth weight and low birth weight was present only in thin women. Health practice scores were not associated with any of the pregnancy outcomes. Conclusion. Thin women with a poor psychosocial profile and who are depressed during pregnancy are at increased risk of giving birth to low birth weight and preterm infants.


In this paper we present a process for the fabrication of interdigitated back contact (IBC) solar cells on multi-crystalline silicon substrates. The process was tested on 1 Omegacm p-doped CZ wafers with a thickness of 180 mum. All process steps used were compatible with industrially established, low-cost production technologies. The process is designed to minimize thermal load on the wafers and is thereby well suited to multi-crystalline silicon substrates. The cell performance was limited by their fill factor due to incorrect firing parameters of the screen printed metallization


Previously we reported that the glucose sensing/signaling pathway affected the oxidative stress response of Schizosaccharomyces pombe, based on studies of glucose-repression and oxidative-stress-resistant mutants including ird5. sty1, encoding a protein kinase, and aft1 and pap1, encoding transcription factors, are important components of the oxidative stress response in S. Pombe. To analyze the relationship between the glucose sensing/signaling pathway and the oxidative stress response, we generated sty1, aft1, and pap1 knock-out mutants in ird5 and wild-type backgrounds. We evaluated the survival rates of the ird5 double mutants (5A, 5P, and 5S) and wild-type single mutants (9A, 9P, and 9S) under mild oxidative stress. In addition, we analyzed the transcript levels of genes related to oxidative stress (sod1, encoding superoxide dismutase; ctt1, encoding catalase) and glucose metabolism (fbp1, encoding fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase; hxk2, encoding hexokinase). All deletion mutants showed very low survival rates under oxidative stress (


Forty four genotypes of paprika (Capsicum annuum L.) were evaluated at Horticultural Research Station, Lam farm, Guntur (India) in the year 2017 to assess variability, character association and path analysis among the yield and yield attributing characters. High magnitude of PCV and GCV were observed for characters viz., number of fruits plant−1, fruit diameter and dry fruit yield plant−1. Predominance of additive gene action was observed for days to maturity, number of fruits plant−1, fruit length, fruit diameter, number of seeds fruit−1 and dry fruit yield plant−1 which may be exploited through simple selection. Dry fruit yield plant−1 showed positive significant correlation with the number of fruits plant−1. The path analysis revealed that the number of fruits plant−1, fruit length and fruit diameter had positive direct effect on yield plant−1 indicating that direct selection based on these traits may be helpful in evolving high yielding varieties of paprika.


The invention provides a preparation method of a gas sensor array for detecting feng-flavor type white spirit. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) respectively evaporating and plating sodium polyacrylate, polytrimethyl silicon-1-propyne, polystyrene and alkyd resin on different quartz substrates by adopting a vacuum coating machine; and (2) welding the evaporated and plated quartz substrates on a circuit board. The gas sensor array prepared by applying the preparation method disclosed by the invention is small in dimension, low in cost, good in repeatability, capable of stably working for a long time, small in influences generated by coexisted gases and high in resolution performance of a gas mixture. An electronic noise system manufactured by combining the gas sensor array with a voltage system can directly detect without a fussy sample pre-treatment process while detecting whether the feng-flavor type white spirit is true or false; and moreover, the preparation method is quick in response speed and high in degree of accuracy.


The continuous wavelet transform is used to analyze potential fields and to locate their causative sources. A particular class of wavelets is introduced which remains invariant under the action of the upward continuation operator in potential field theory. These wavelets make the corresponding wavelet transforms easy to analyze and the sources' parameters (horizontal location, depth, multipolar nature, and strength) simple to estimate. Practical issues (effects of noise, choice of the analyzing wavelet, etc.) are addressed. A field data example corresponding to a near-surface magnetic survey is discussed. Applications to the high-resolution aeromagnetic survey of French Guyana will be discussed in the next paper of the series.


The rapid advances in the VLSI technology and computer architecture have made a significant improvement in the CPU performance possible in the last 30 years. However, the growth rate of the memory system performance has remained slower than that of microprocessors, resulting in the number of CPU clock cycles required to access main memory doubling approximately every 6.2 years.
Cache prefetching is one of the most useful techniques to overcome the memory latency problems. Many sophisticated methods such as SPT (Stride Prediction Table) and RPT (Reference Prediction Table) have been shown to predict the prefetch address using the stride (difference in the addresses of the current and previous memory accesses) information extracted from the instruction stream. While these prefetch mechanisms seem to work well for the loops that have a large number of iterations or have enough time for the prefetched data to become available before it is actually used in the next iteration, we have found that the hit-wait cycles (the CPU stall cycles when the load/store instruction hits the cache line that is currently being prefetched) can occupy a significant portion of the cache service time. This means that we can reduce the cache service cycles if the prefetched data arrive earlier. Early arrival of prefetched data can be accelerated in two ways: advancing the perfetch issue timing and increasing the prefetch throughput.
In order to address these issues, we present two extensions to the existing RPT (Reference Prediction Table) data cache prefetching. The first algorithm, SSE-RPTP (Small Stride Extended RPT Prefetch), prefetches the next cache line even when the detected stride is smaller than the cache line size, reducing the hit-wait cycles. The second algorithm, XRPTP (eXtended RPT Prefetch), tries to issue a maximum of two cache line prefetches at a time, further reducing the hit-wait cycles and improving the prefetching throughput. The simulation results on 11 SPEC92 programs show that the improvement in the cache service time is 34.3% for the SSE-RPTP and 37.9% for the XRPTP, respectively.


Complexity control theory based on the model depict the complexity of the controlled object more accurately through research model and data-driven control theory of Internet of things is more urgent to be explored through the data to find out the system of internal control mechanism. Look from the appearance, the complexity of data including a lot of sample, high dimension, strong time-varying factors. The representation of implicit information is huge amounts of data redundancy, high-dimensional data clustering features, the time-frequency characteristics of time-varying data, etc. At present, the data-driven control theory research is just beginning [1-3], the scientific problem is the lack of unified definition and theoretical framework. This paper will analyze the sewage treatment system of some sewage treatment plant, making the internal scientific questions are more specifically.


Through the interpretation of connotation of "psychological contract",the article presents an analysis of the necessity of attaching importance to "psychological contract" in the process of performance management in colleges and universities,and suggests that colleges and universities should construct performance management system for psychological contract through strategies of emphasizing teachers' the beginning education of the career,paying attention to teachers' expectation value,enhancing teachers' satisfaction,strengthening teachers' professional career planning.


Watershed management research has been performed for 70 -plus years to evaluate the usefulness of selected vegetation management programs intended to increase water yields and other resource benefits in the Salt and Verde River Basins of Arizona (Baker 1999; Fox et al. 2000). Studies were conducted in mixed conifer, mountain grassland, ponderosa pine, pinyon -juniper, chaparral, and riparian vegetation types. However, access to this information is largely limited to technical publications and reports, which tend to become obscure to much of the public with time, and access to actual research data is even more limited. In 1997, personnel from the USDA Forest Service and faculty from the University of Arizona collaborated on a project to make available the research data and reports resulting from years of work on the Beaver Creek Experimental Watershed, located in north -central Arizona; the project is currently being expanded to include information and data from additional experimental sites in the Central Arizona Highlands (Young and Baker 1998). This project was sponsored by the International Arid Lands Consortium (IALC), and its objective was to deliver this information to the public via the Web (Baker et al. 2000a, 2000d; Huebner et al. 2000). The resulting Web site, "Managing Arid and Semi -Arid Watersheds" (http: / / ag.arizona. edu /OALS /watershed /index.html), features information and data that can be applied to other arid and semi -arid regions in the world facing similar natural resource management problems (Baker et al. 2000a, 2001). Here we present our effort to meet the original objective of making resource information and data collected on the Beaver Creek watershed accessible to land managers, researchers, educators, students, and the general public, and we show how it has been expanded to include information and data from other vegetation types and watersheds.


Abstract Over the past 10 years Northern aid agencies have made a concerted effort to participate in South–South cooperation. This article analyses the key modes and motivations behind this growing engagement, looking specifically at three areas: multilateral platforms, triangular cooperation and knowledge production about South–South cooperation. Across all these efforts we perceive a concerted attempt to gain legitimacy by emphasising horizontality in the co-construction of knowledge about development. We argue that, within a context of shrinking Northern aid, this engagement is a way to harness South–South cooperation in order to preserve and expand Northern influence, both within and outside the field of development cooperation. This interpretation suggests the need to further examine the 'bridging' initiatives and mutual impact of intersection points between Northern aid and South–South cooperation.


The electron beam interaction with the radio-frequency field (RF) close to the surface of the slow-wave structure of W-band Clinotron is studied by numerical simulations with regard to the real RF field distribution, for the inclined electron beam to the periodical slow-wave structure under small angle α. It is demonstrated that the electron interaction with the transversal electrical field induces the selective settling of the electrons on the grating lamellas, and the power is then taken away from the modulated electron beam in the grating slot resonators.


Extracting synonyms from textual corpora using computational techniques is an interesting research problem in the Natural Language Processing (NLP) domain. Neural techniques (such as Word2Vec) have been recently utilized to produce distributional word representations (also known as word embeddings) that capture semantic similarity/relatedness between words based on linear context. Nevertheless, using these techniques for synonyms extraction poses many challenges due to the fact that similarity between vector word representations does not indicate only synonymy between words, but also other sense relations as well as word association or relatedness. In this paper, we tackle this problem using a novel 2-step approach. We first build distributional word embeddings using Word2Vec then use the induced word embeddings as an input to train a feed-forward neutral network using annotated dataset to distinguish between synonyms and other semantically related words


scrolls to the Second Temple period. Barely two months after he had acquired the first two scrolls, he reached the conclusion that they should be ascribed to the Essenes. This ascription, which in a short time gained wide recognition, was chal lenged by scholars who suggested every likely and unlikely candidate (Broshi 1990:31-41). The chronological problem fared somewhat better, the consensus being that the Qumran scrolls were written (not necessarily composed!) between the latter half of the third century BCE and 68 CE.1 Once scrolls were found in the Qumran caves and the possibility established that ancient manuscripts could be preserved in this area, a frenzied search commenced in the Judean Desert. This search, in which both Beduin treasure hunters and archaeologists took part, produced seven additional sites, five of which have provided samples for the tests described below. Thus, the term 'Qumran' refers to the Dead Sea Scrolls sensu stricto, whereas the term 'Dead Sea Scrolls' is used in the broader sense, to include all the Judean Desert sites.


This article considers the potential contribution of critical social psychology to the study of the relationship between humans and nature, particularly in terms of the role of human activities in ecological degradation. That human behaviour is having a profound impact on global climate and related phenomena has garnered broad scientific consensus and is communicated to the public in increasingly sophisticated ways. Psychology has been increasingly drawn upon by policy makers, pressure groups and related institutions in this context, in the hope of understanding, predicting and shaping behaviour and lifestyles towards more sustainable ends. In the past few decades, cognitive behaviourist models have dominated research and policy agendas concerned with identifying barriers to, and/or promoting 'environmentally sustainable' or 'pro-environmental' behaviour. Yet despite the emergence of critical work, to date, there has been very little work in this field explicitly under the banner of critical social psychology. In this article, a brief outline of some of the tenets of critical social psychology is followed by a consideration of how these principles have been taken up in existing cross-disciplinary critical approaches to the interrelated issues of environment, sustainability and human behaviour and the potential contribution of critical social psychology in these areas.


A chemically modified antisense oligonucleotide 17 to 35 nucleotides comprising at least 17 consecutive nucleotides of a nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 118.


6 members of Rossendale Council's Licensing and Planning Enforcement Unit have successfully completed a nationally recognised qualification in Equality and Diversity.


The effects of an external electric field (EEF) on dielectric liquid menisci formed in a small gap between a smooth plate and a high precision steel ball have been investigated. It was found that thin spreading films were pulled out and moved away from the menisci of low permittivity dielectric liquids after exposure to the EEF. During the initial period of spreading, a strong "electric wind" due to the gas discharge in the vicinity of the three-phase contact line (TCL) of the liquid meniscus was observed. However, such electrospreading phenomena were absent for the menisci of conductive liquids which were commonly used in classical electrowetting studies. It is deduced that the spreading of liquid menisci under EEFs is driven by the thermocapillary force near the TCL.


Public health research in New Zealand views Asian health – particularly, Asian women's sexual health issues – as a priority problem. In recent years, high rates of abortion and the growing incidence of unsafe sex among younger age Asian migrants have been publicised as a health concern. Public health research implicates migrant experiences and cultural factors as responsible for these trends. Loneliness and isolation among international students, inability to communicate effectively in English and lack of knowledge of available services are highlighted as reasons for the growing sexual ill‐health in the Asian population in New Zealand. Extending from these, public health measures aim at improving culture‐sensitive services, including targeted education. The present paper offers a critical commentary on these accepted public health perceptions that inform policy in New Zealand. It takes a Third World feminist approach to critique dominant public health discourses on Asian women's sexuality and questions the construction of knowledges about what are 'normal' and 'pathological' sexual practices. The paper revisits the data used to describe the 'problem' of Asian sexuality and argues that in order to understand sexual practices, it is important to query the cultural lenses that are used to describe and define them.


This study analyzes internal factors that make it difficult to develop the absorptive capacity of participating hotels in a hotel cooperation network. Descriptive research was carried out by means of survey and interviews, with quantitative and qualitative approach of the data, together with 21 managers of the hotels selected for the research. The results revealed that the factors involved in R & D investments, previous knowledge, relational capacity, learning culture and size of the organization are perceived by the interviewed members as hindering the development of the absorptive capacity of the hotels that operate in the network. There was a positive relation between the absorptive capacities of acquisition, assimilation, transformation and application however not between these variables and the organizational performance of these hotels. These evidences suggest the confirmation of the theoretical model of the absorptive capacity analysis, observed in this research as a set of routines and processes developed by the companies, which allow it to acquire, assimilate, transform and commercially apply new external knowledge accessed through networked cooperation. However, this capacity is developed differently among the different member hotels, which suggests that, because of such differences, these hotels can not translate the benefits of network cooperation into better performance. These results have important implications for this field of study, since the literature of interorganizational relationships establishes that the success of cooperation is determined by the level of cooperation established in the network.


In order to acquire the present resistance characteristics in Acinetobacter calcoaceticus bio.antitrus (Acin.bio anit.), 52 strains Acin.bio anit.had been isolated from clinical samples during Apirl to July 1997, and the susceptibilities to 13 kinds of antibiotics were tested by auto microorganism system Vitek32 and KerbyBauer method.The results showed that the mean rate of resistance to 13 kinds of antibiotics and the rate of multiresistance were 491% and 385% respectively, and that the susceptibility rate of imipenem was 100%, the susceptibility rate of Chloramphenical and Nitrofurantoin was 0%, and the ranges of susceptibility rate of the other 10 kinds of antibiotics were 135%-769%.It suggested that imipenem be the first choice antibiotics of Acin.bio anit.infections, and their resistance characteristics and mechanisms should be monitored.


Haze removal is a challenging problem for UAV's visual fieldwork where clear images are always needed. Estimating the medium transmission map of a given hazy image is the key to achieve dehazing. Inspired by the conditional generative adversarial nets, we consider the medium transmission map as a probability distribution based on the hazy image and propose a simple but effective deep network to generate it. After training this network on our own collected data set, we can directly estimate the medium transmission map from a single input image of any size and recover the corresponding haze-free one via atmospheric scattering model. Experiments on pair-wise hazy, haze-free images and real-world scenes show that our method is superior to existing models in performance. And analysis of effect of haze removal on object detection is carried out.


The efforts of a one year program of Requirements Analysis and Conceptual Design for the Large Earth Survey Telescope for the Synchronous Earth Observatory Satellite is summarized. A 1.4 meter aperture Cassegrain telescope with 0.6 deg field of view is shown to do an excellent job in satisfying the observational requirements for a wide range of earth resources and meteorological applications. The telescope provides imagery or thermal mapping in ten spectral bands at one time in a field sharing grouping of linear detector arrays. Pushbroom scanning is accomplished by spacecraft slew.


by Brad D. Weldon This dissertation describes an experimental, analytical, and design investigation on the nonlinear behavior of precast concrete coupling beams, where coupling of reinforced concrete shear walls is achieved by post-tensioning the beams and the walls together at the floor and roof levels. The new coupling system offers important advantages over conventional systems with monolithic cast-in-place beams, such as simpler detailing, reduced damage to the structure, and reduced residual lateral displacements. Steel top and seat angles are used at the beam-to-wall joints to yield and provide energy dissipation. The results from eight half-scale experiments of unbonded post-tensioned precast coupling beams under reversed-cyclic lateral loading are presented. Each test specimen includes a coupling beam and the adjacent wall pier regions at a floor level. The test parameters include the post-tensioning tendon area and initial stress, initial beam concrete axial stress, angle strength, and beam depth. The results demonstrate excellent stiffness, strength, and ductility of the specimens under cyclic loading, with considerable energy dissipation concentrated in the angles. Compliance of the beams to established


These Ecole polytechnique federale de Lausanne EPFL, n° 1902 (1998)Laboratoire de simulation des materiaux Reference doi:10.5075/epfl-thesis-1902Print copy in library catalog Record created on 2005-03-16, modified on 2017-05-10


This paper reports the results of epidemiological survey on health effects of residents exposed to arsenic in a pollution area and estimation of arsenic accumulative intake level (EAAIL) based on calculating accumulative rice consumption and via inhalation way. 795 persons were sampled randomly from the polluted area, among whom 674 persons and 83 persons were diagnosed with Chronic Arsenic Absorption (CAA) and Chronic Arsenicism (CA) according to the National Diagnose Standard respectively. There were 60.98% CAA in 30 years old and younger age-groups and 97.59% CA in 30 years old and older age-groups. The one youngest case of CA occurred in 15 years old age group, while its EAAIL was at 1846.47 mg. The highest EAAIL was at 8706.47 mg. The rate of CA had gone obviously up at 30 years old age group. Its EAAIL was at 3833.42 mg. One equation of relationship between the rate of CA (%) and EAAIL (mg) was fitted by means of curve fitting, its is followed: Y = X1.843/e12.694 -2.866, r2 = 0.945.


The number of motor vehicles in Indonesia has reached 7.5 Million, which is composed of 14.5 Per cent passenger cars, 15.5 Per cent trucks and buses, and 70 per cent motorcycles. The motorcycle is still one of the hottest things on the market, since the price is within the buying power of many people and it can satisfy the basic need - mobility. In the meantime there is a growing demand for small inexpensive four wheeled passenger cars, that still can meet the requirements. The development of the automotive industry in Indonesia nowadays has come to a state that stimulates innovation and a desire to design. The role of component and subsystem industries will become growingly important. Based on agreement and profitable business deals, any component can be produced, put on the market, and utilized freely. In this way a designer can have more freedom to utilize available components and design, yet still respecting intellectual property. Thus, every new design and new component will become new assets, which enrich and improve the quality of our resources.


The boomtown scenario has, over the last decade, become closely associated with energy-related development in the western United States. The model based on this scenario has been generalized to other energy-related production activities, notably offshore oil and gas development. The basic mechanism underlying the boomtown model is the rapid growth of population that occurs as individuals move into an area to take advantage of employment opportunities in the energy production sectors of the economy. In contrast to western energy development, the structure of employment in the primary sectors of offshore oil and gas production allows individuals to commute from considerable distances rather than relocate. Without relocation and the corresponding population growth, some of the negative social and economic impacts generally associated with boomtowns do not occur. Thus the traditional boomtown model is limited in its appropriateness as a tool for energy-related impact assessment. In the present article, the original boomtown model is modified to provide greater flexibility and comprehensiveness, not only with respect to offshore oil and gas production in the gulf coast but for other areas of rapid development as well.


We investigated the efficacy of duloxetine on hyperalgesia, histopathological and radiographic findings, pain‐related sensory innervation of dorsal‐root ganglia (DRG), and spinal changes in a rat model of induced hip osteoarthritis (OA). The right hip joints of male Sprague–Dawley rats (n = 6 rats/group) in the Sham group were injected with 25 μl of sterile saline and 25 μl of sterile saline with 2 mg of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) were injected to the MIA + Vehicle and MIA + Duloxetine groups. We injected duloxetine 20 mg/kg intraperitoneally in the MIA + Duloxetine group 28 days after injection, whereas rats in the MIA + Vehicle group were injected with 0.5 ml of 20% dimethyl sulfoxide. We assessed hyperalgesia, histopathological changes, immunoreactive (‐ir) neurons for calcitonin gene‐related peptide and activating transcription factor 3 in DRG, and immunoreactive neurons for ionized‐calcium‐binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1) in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. MIA administration into the hip joint let to mechanical hyperalgesia of the ipsilateral hind paw (p < 0.05). A single injection of duloxetine significantly attenuated it in induced hip OA (p < 0.05) and suppressed the number of Iba1‐ir microglia of the ipsilateral dorsal horn (p < 0.05). These results suggest that a single injection of duloxetine suppressed mechanical hyperalgesia and may influence the expression of Iba1 in the microglia of the ipsilateral dorsal horn in the MIA‐induced hip OA. This finding implies the inhibitory effects of duloxetine against neuropathic pain, which may lead to a change of microglial activities. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:422‐430, 2020


The effects of Stachytarpheta jamaicensis tea on the plasma lipid profile and atherogenic indices were investigated in rabbits. The test group received daily, by intra-gastric gavages, 15mg/kg of aqueous extract. The treatment led to significant decreases (p plasma HDL cholesterol level. It also produced significant (p<0.05) decreases in the atherogenic indices; cardiac risk ratio, atherogenic coefficient and atherogenic index of plasma. These results suggest the use of Stachytarpheta jamaicensis tea in the management of dyslipidemia whether primary or secondary to obesity, diabetes mellitus and hypertension, and by extension, the reduction of the risk of cardiovascular diseases


This paper analyses the well known web servicesrepresentations based on web services descriptions and moregenerally on the content of WSDL files to evaluate theirinterest for discovery, clustering and recommendation tasks.Unfortunately, this analysis shows that these representationsare very basic and do not lead to good results. Therefore,we introduce a new representation called symbolic reputationwhich is computed from relationships between web services.Different implementation issues are discussed and the resultsconsidering real world web services are analysed to determinethe usefulness of the introduced representations for web servicesdiscovery, clustering and recommendation.