One of the most frequently used methods for characterizing thin films is UV–Vis absorption. The near‐edge region can be fitted to a simple expression in which the intercept gives the band‐gap and the fitting exponent identifies the electronic transition as direct or indirect (see Tauc et al., Phys. Status Solidi 15, 627 (1966); these are often called "Tauc" plots). While the technique is powerful and simple, the accuracy of the fitted band‐gap result is seldom stated or known. We tackle this question by refitting a large number of Tauc plots from the literature and look for trends. Nominally pure zinc oxide (ZnO) was chosen as a material with limited intrinsic deviation from stoichiometry and which has been widely studied. Our examination of the band gap values and their distribution leads to a discussion of some experimental factors that can bias the data and lead to either smaller or larger apparent values than would be expected. Finally, an easily evaluated figure‐of‐merit is defined that may help guide more accurate Tauc fitting. For samples with relatively sharper Tauc plot shapes, the population yields Eg(ZnO) as 3.276 ± 0.033 eV, in good agreement with data for single crystalline material.


There are quite a few examples in Iceland of people living in isolated and sparsely populated communities, both along the coastline and in inland valleys. Those who live elsewhere, particularly in larger and more successful communities, have sometimes maintained, or at least insinuated, that those people must be trapped in their traditional environment. But can we be sure of this? According to Roback (1982) people's migrations and choices of residence are influenced by amenity value and quality of life. It is a well-known fact that we do not all have the same tastes, needs and wishes. Therefore, the municipalities or individual communities within each country should differ, as Tiebout (1956) argued. Such theories might, for example, indicate that a strong desire or need for close proximity to a varied, wild and untouched natural environment pulls people towards remote and sparsely populated communities and prevents them from moving away. In this article, we investigate the different wishes and priorities of people inhabiting different regions in Iceland, focusing on residential conditions with special emphasis on the difference between inhabitants of remote and sparsely populated regions and those who live on the fringe of the capital area. The analysis is based on data from a survey of more than 6,000 respondents conducted in 2016 and 2017.


This paper holds the point that the article Xianyou Yide is probably the Chuanwen of Yihao stated by Kong Anguo.It was carefully consummated by Kong or his disciplines before it was submitted to Mifu.The nature and origin of Xianyou Yide offers a typical example to the author's re-organizing of Guwen Shangshu and sheds light on the origin of the ancient book.


Natural or harvest-induced senescence is a major determinant factor causing crop losses. The plant hormone ethylene is a strong inducer of senescence and decreasing the ethylene response can reduce senescence, albeit often with undesirable pleiotropic effects. We took advantage of ethylene-induced leaf senescence as a tool to screen for late senescence Arabidopsis mutants that still have a functional ethylene-signalling pathway. Sixteen Arabidopsis onset of leaf death (old) mutants were selected that stayed green after treatment with ethylene. While all the mutants responded to ethylene in a triple response assay, ten mutants responded to the treatment in the same way as the wild type. The mutants showed limited pleiotropic effects when grown under standard growth conditions but nine mutants flowered slightly later than the wild type. Genetic characterization of a subset of the mutants identified several independent loci controlling the leaf senescence process. The approach resulted in the isolation of several stay green mutants with a functional ethylene response pathway. The results suggest that there is a correlation between senescence and floral induction. Identification of stay green mutants 55 Introduction Plant senescence leads to the death of a leaf and is one of the most remarkable developmental phenomena in nature. Senescence in higher plants is a developmental phase that is manifested by a distinctive decline in photosynthetic activity in association with a visible change in leaf colour (Lim et al., 2007). During leaf senescence, the sum of morphological, physiological, and biochemical changes are generally referred to as the senescence syndrome. This comprises dismantling of cell structures starting with chloroplast and hydrolysis of macromolecules such as RNA, DNA, lipids and proteins (Lim et al., 2007; Buchanan-Wollaston et al., 2003). Leaf ageing is accompanied by active metabolic changes that result in transfer of nutrients, stored in the leaf, to other parts of the plant such as seeds and storage tissues (Leopold, 1961; Bleecker, 1998; Bleecker and Patterson, 1997; Buchanan-Wollaston et al., 2003). Leaf senescence is an actively controlled process that coincides with changes in expression of thousands of genes (Guo et al., 2004; Gepstein et al., 2003; Lin and Wu, 2004). Because leaf senescence is marked by such a massive recycling of nutrients it is considered to be essential for ensuring survivability of a species (Schippers et al., 2007). Leaf senescence is an intrinsic age-dependent process and its onset appears to be regulated by the age of individual leaves (Hensel et al., 1993). However, various external and internal factors can induce premature initiation of leaf senescence (He and Gan, 2002; Lim et al., 2003). External elements include darkness, temperature, mineral deficiency, drought, detachment, UV-B, ozone, oxidative stress and pathogen attack (Park et al., 1998; Pontier et al., 1999; Quirino et al., 1999; Weaver et al., 1998; Navabpour et al., 2003). Internal factors accelerating the onset of leaf senescence include developmental changes such as the formation of reproductive organs and changes in levels of plant growth regulators such as cytokinin, abscisic acid, ethylene, jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid (He et al., 2001; Jing et al., 2002; Morris et al., 2000; Gan and Amasino, 1995; Schippers et al., 2007). Leaf senescence can contribute to pre and post-harvest losses in vegetable, horticultural and cereal crop plants (Buchanan-Wollaston et al., 2003; Lim and Nam, 2005). Thus, identification and subsequent modification of key regulatory pathways involved in the induction of the leaf senescence process can contribute towards reduction of senescence-induced harvest losses. The analysis of genetic variants that


In this paper, we introduce new geometric properties as generalizations of p‐uniform smoothness and q‐uniform convexity of Banach spaces. Furthermore, using generalized Beckner's inequality, we characterize the properties in terms of norm inequalities. As an application, we consider the duality relation.


A numerical study on the simulation of cavitation by means of a laminar 2D Navier Stokes flow solver is presented in this study. In particular, results for cases of cavitating flow around a NACA0015 hydrofoil at different angle of attack are reported. A barotropic relationship is implemented to take in to account the liquid-vapor phase change. The variations both of the flow dynamic response and of the main flow features associated with different values of angles of attack are reported and discussed.


The Funding section is incorrect. The correct funding information is as follows: This study was supported by grants from the National Basic Research Program of China (2012CB966403 and 2015CB964903), the Chinese National Natural Science Foundation (31271484, 31471116, and 31171431), and the Tianjin Natural Science Foundation (12JCZDJC24600).


Five lithostratigraphic units applicable to the different Middle jurassic palaeogeographical elements of the
Iberian platform system are proposed. For the oolitic-dolomitic belt developed in the Internal Castilian
Platform, the Yemeda Fm is proposed. To the mainly dolomitic facies which extends aver the El Maestrazgo
High, the Rafales Fm is defined. Within the micritic external platform facies of the Castilian and Aragonese
platforms, three formations have been recognized. The lower unit (El Pedregal Fm) is constituted of
microfilament, mudstone to wackestone limestones. The middle unit (Moscardon Fm) is made up of
bioclastic and oolitic, grainstone to packstone limestones. The upper unit (Domeno Fm) represents a
return to the external low energy wackestone to mudstone facies, locally containing patches of oolitic
grainstone facies.


The article describes main doctrines of theory and practice of the medieval Sufi brotherhood Khalwatiya. Ten religious-philosophy rasa'ils and one sufiprayer book Vird-as Sattar of Yahya Bakuvi describe metaphysics ontology and anthropomorphism of Khalwati. The scientific and theological works by Yahya Bakuvi were didactical works serving for mystical perfection of Khalwati dervishes.


In this paper we write explicitly the open book decompositions of links of quotient surface singularities supporting the corresponding unique Milnor fillable contact structure. The page-genus of these Milnor open books are minimal among all Milnor open books supporting the same contact structure. We also investigate whether the Milnor genus is equal to the support genus for links of quotient surface singularities. We show that for many types of the quotient surface singularities the Milnor genus is equal to the support genus. In the remaining cases we are able to find a small upper bound for the support genus.


Objective To detect specificity serum IgE antibody from children with allergic diseases,then to screen related allergens in order to provide a scientific evidence in the diagnosis and treatment of children with allergic diseases.Methods The specificity serum IgE antibody of 350 children with allergic diseases were detected quantitatively by allergy screen allergens test system.Results The positive rate of 14 kinds of allergens in 350 children with allergic diseases was 57.71%.Among the 14 kinds of allergens,the amount of children with positive dust mites was the highest,followed by milk and cat fur,dog fur and chicken egg protein.Cockroaches,mould,beef and mutton also took a rather high ratio of it.There was no significant difference in the positive rate of allergens between boys and girls(P0.05).In inhalant allergen group,the positive rate of allergens in pre-school children and school-age children were all significantly higher than that of infants(P0.05).In food allergen group,the positive rate of allergens in infants was significantly higher than that in pre-school children and school-age children(P0.05).Among the infants,the positive rate of allergens in food allergen group was significantly higher than that in inhalant allergen group(P0.05);Among the pre-school children and school-age children,the positive rates of allergens in inhalant allergen group were all significantly higher than that in food allergen group(P0.01).Conclusion The main allergen in Quanzhou region is dust mite,followed by milk and cat fur,dog fur and chicken egg protein;There is no significant difference of the positive rate of allergens between boys and girls.The children at different ages have different compositions of allergens.


A person's entrepreneurial intention is influenced by several factors which can be seen in an integral framework involving various internal factors, external factors, and contextual factors. Creating a job field requires a high and strong intention and motivation so that it can be realized. Apart from high intentions and motivation, it should also be accompanied by background. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the family business on entrepreneurial intention through entrepreneurial motivation. This research is a quantitative type with an explanatory descriptive. The research population was all Marble Craftsmen in Tulungagung of 267 Marble Craftsmen and obtained a sample of 157 respondents. The questionnaire used in this study is closed. The research scale used is the Likert Scale. Instrument trials use validity and reliability tests. Data analysis techniques using descriptive statistical analysis, path analysis, and hypothesis testing. The research results show that there is an influence of family business on entrepreneurial motivation. There is an influence of family business on entrepreneurial intention. There is an influence of entrepreneurial motivation on entrepreneurial intention. There is the influence of family business on entrepreneurial intention through entrepreneurial motivation


During his first governmental period (1999-2006), Hugo Chavez implemented a political, economic and social transformation project. That project put social objectives over political and economic ones. During Chavez's second term in offi ce (2007-2013), the project kept its social goals preferences, but was raised again in order to reach a new social, economic and political order called twenty-fi rst century socialism.


The silicon solar module voltage generation at various periods of the day has been studied. Two mono-crystalline modules with and without cooling system have been designed and built. The experimental investigation performed on both modules under the same ambient conditions shows a significant performance variation both within the various periods of the day and between the cooled and uncooled modules. The voltage generation is found to be affected by changes in module surface temperature which is a function of the ambient temperature. It is thought that low module surface temperature aids the preservation of the orderliness of electron activities hence improved voltage generation.


In this paper, we analyze the behavior of packet-switched communication networks in which packets arrive dynamically at the nodes and are routed in discrete time steps across the edges. We focus on a basic adversarial model of packet arrival and path determination for which the time-averaged arrival rate of packets requiring the use of any edge is limited to be less than 1. This model can reflect the behavior of connection-oriented networks with transient connections (such as ATM networks) as well as connectionless networks (such as the Internet).
 We concentrate on greedy (also known as work-conserving) contention-resolution protocols. A crucial issue that arises in such a setting is that of stability—will the number of packets in the system remain bounded, as the system runs for an arbitrarily long period of time? We study the universal stability of network (i.e., stability under all greedy protocols) and universal stability of protocols (i.e., stability in all networks). Once the stability of a system is granted, we focus on the two main parameters that characterize its performance: maximum queue size required and maximum end-to-end delay experienced by any packet.
 Among other things, we show:
 (i) There exist simple greedy protocols that are stable for all networks.(ii) There exist other commonly used protocols (such as FIFO) and networks (such as arrays and hypercubes) that are not stable.(iii) The n-node ring is stable for all greedy routing protocols (with maximum queue-size and packet delay that is linear in n).(iv) There exists a simple distributed randomized greedy protocol that is stable for all networks and requires only polynomial queue size and polynomial delay.Our results resolve several questions posed by Borodin et al., and provide the first examples of (i) a protocol that is stable for all networks, and (ii) a protocol that is not stable for all networks.


Thucydides' Portrait of Tissaphernes Re-Examined (John Hyland) Xenophon's Wicked Persian, or What's Wrong with Tissaphernes? Xenophon's Views on Lying and Breaking Oaths (Gabriel Danzig) On Persian Tryphe in Athenaeus (Dominique Lenfant) Treacherous Hearts and Upright Tiaras: the Achaemenid King's Head-dress (Christopher Tuplin) Darius I in Egypt: Suez and Hibis (Alan Lloyd) Indigenous Aristocracies in Hellespontine Phrygia (Frederic Maffre) Hellenization and Lycian Cults during the Achaemenid Period (Eric Raimond) Babylonian Workers in the Persian Heartland during the reign of Cambyses (Wouter Henkelman & Kristin Kleber) Reading Persepolis in Greek: the Gifts of the Yauna (Margaret Cool Root) Boxus the Persian and the Hellenization of Persis (Nicholas Sekunda) The Philosopher's Zarathushtra (Phiroze Vasunia) Alexander the Great: 'Last of the Achaemenids'? (Robin Lane Fox) 'Chilminar olim Persepolis': European Reception of a Persian Ruin (Lindsay Allen) Pottering around Persepolis: Observations on Early European Visitors to the Site (St John Simpson).


Introduction In almost all susceptible individuals, continued exposure to a provocative motion stimulus leads to the diminution and eventual disappearance of established motion sickness reactions (see Reason & Brand 1975).This reduction in symptomatology takes place without any change in the nauseogenic stimulus; indeed, it is the absence of such variation that promotes its occurrence. These observations are clearly of considerable importance for elucidating the factors involved in the aetiology of motion sickness, as they demonstrate the existence of processes within the individual that are capable of counteracting the disturbing properties of the imposed motion without recourse to any external agency. It follows, therefore, that a better appreciation of how this vis medicatrix naturae operates must bring us closer to understanding how these curious and inappropriate reactions become established in the first place, since adaptation and provocation appear to be two sides of the same coin. The theoretical arguments presented here are directed toward answering two basic questions concerning the aetiology of motion sickness. First, what is the essential nature of the provocative stimulus? How do we explain the occurrence of motion sickness over such a wide range of apparently diverse circumstances? What, for example, do the conditions that elicit space sickness have in common with those that induce seasickness, airsickness, car sickness, camel sickness, swing sickness, simulator sickness, and so on? This question is dealt with briefly as a necessary prelude to the main concern of this paper, namely: what are the mechanisms underlying the acquisition of protective adaptation, and ofits sequel mal de debarquement ?The principal research findings relating to the efTects and after-effects of protective adaptation are summarized, and a neural mismatch model is described which attempts to account for these data.


We describe the basic configuration of the Poker Flat, Alaska, MST (mesosphere-stratosphere-troposphere) radar currently under construction by NOAA's Aeronomy Laboratory. This 50-MHz coherent radar consists of a 4 × 104 m2 phased dipole array, a 6.4-MW peak power transmitter system (consisting of 64 separate 100-kW peak pulse power transmitter modules distributed throughout the array), and an on-line Doppler analysis/data recording system. With some limitations the system will be capable of measuring winds, waves, and turbulence throughout the 1- to 100-km height range. Data obtained from the portion of the Poker Flat system already in operation are presented and discussed.


Young people are how healed psychologically, through education plays. In this paper, the characteristics of the genre, so play it to find out, based on first psychological drama education plan in conjunction with healing methods were investigated. Drama is a genre of poetry and fiction inherent in all the properties. In other words, the narrative elements is share together by drama and novel and share the lyrical elements will play, too. Lyric, narrative genres appropriate terminology to describe the genre, but is inadequate for describing the names of the city and its Application novels, plays looked the characteristics of the genre. Through training psychology plays in the healing process in a manner that combines these two processes in progress is preferable. Based on this, through mime-healing, healing through the scenes, plays through play education healing, and healing through after-reading activity were investigated. Education plays in the final stages of this work to identify the person and his happy student that is born with a positive mind and internalized to induce healing that emphasizes experience.


Objective To study the effects of hypoxia on the growth of pulmonary artery endothelialcell(PAEC). Method Growth number, growth cycle phase, and the characteristics of endothelial cells(factor Ⅷ related antigen) of PAEC were investigated during hypoxia using the PAEC cultured in vitro as a model. Result No difference was found between growth numbers of PAEC under hypoxia and that under normoxia conditions during the culture of 48 h(P0.05). The numbers of positive immunofluoescence PAEC of factor Ⅷ related antigen in hypoxic groups were lower than those in normoxic groups.The cell cycle phase figures showed that the DNA synthetic phase (S phase) in hypoxia 2 hour group was increased significantly, while the pre synthetic phase(G 0/G 1) was decreased as compared with that of normoxic group. However, the S,G 2M(gap2 and mitotic phase) or G 1/G 0 stage of hypoxia for 12, 24 or 48 hours group all had no change as compared with those of normoxic group. Conclusion Growth of the PAEC changed significantly during hypoxia. Although the quantity and the growth cycle of PAEC showed little change, the quality was degraded seriously that its function as a permeability barrier would be affected.


Due to the rapid technological change and shifting market conditions, the education system across the globe is changing. It is challenged with providing increased educational opportunities without increased budgets. Many educational institutions are answering this challenge by developing online distance education programs. In the competitive and challenging world of corporate life, every individual professional need to show their best to get attractive salary offers and promotions. To do so, they need to continuously upgrade their skills and knowledge. This is not possible with their current jobs and odd job timings. They are getting huge salaries and they do not want to take break from their jobs for mere learning. Apart from this, these working professionals do not get much more time if they are married, because they need to devote their time to fulfill family and social commitments. Online education through Distance Universities is the best solution for these working professionals, as they can continue their education without leaving their existing jobs. As it is flexible learning, there is no restriction on time and place of study. The fees are also affordable to these working professionals. The extensive use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in delivering online education increased quality of online education in all phases of learning. The online degrees are equivalent and at par with the degrees getting from universities and colleges and they are recognized and accepted world-wide for higher education or employment.


In European and most other countries unprotected road users (pedestrians and pedal cyclists) account for a significant proportion of road accident casualties. The Transport Research Laboratory pedestrian safety car, produced in 1985, demonstrated that the design of car fronts could be improved to reduce the frequency and severity of pedestrian injuries. Therefore, as part of their target to reduce the number of road accident casualties and their injury severity, the United Kingdom's Department for Transport, Local Government and the Regions has supported a continuing programme of research on pedestrian protection at the Transport Research Laboratory (TRL). A major part of this research has been channelled through the European Enhanced Vehicle-safety Committee (EEVC) through participation in the pedestrian Working Groups: WG10 and WG17. The European Commission is currently considering using the EEVC pedestrian test methods in some form of regulation or requirement for pedestrian protection features in new car designs. The EEVC test procedures comprise three sub-system impact tests to assess a car's performance. Separate impactors are used to represent the pedestrian in each main phase of impact. Each impactor is propelled into the car and the output from the impactor instrumentation is used to establish whether the energy absorbing characteristics of the car are acceptable. TRL was responsible for developing the upper legform to bonnet leading edge impactor and the final version of the legform impactor used to test the bumper area. This report provides some background information about the EEVC test methods and the development of the impactors. The report is supplied with sets of the current engineering drawings of the two impactors produced by TRL. The drawing sets contain all the information required to manufacture the impactors and will also be of help in constructing mathematical models of the impactors for computer modelling. Publishing the drawings in this way is intended to make the impactor designs freely available worldwide. However, some aspects of the impactors are critical to their performance. TRL can supply the manufactured, assembled and certified impactors. (A)


The invention discloses a proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate distributing head and a design method thereof. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate distributing head comprises an air inlet and a diversion area, wherein one end of the diversion area is connected with the air inlet, the other end of the diversion area is connected with a runner of a bipolar plate, the diversion area comprises multiple diversion strips which are in Z-shape arrangement, and the air inlet direction of the air inlet is consistent to the extending direction of the runner. The diversion strips in Z-shape arrangement are embedded in the proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate distributing head, so airflow distribution uniformity in each channel of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell is improved, thus being beneficial to improving the performance of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell.


Because plasma processing recipes are usually determined empirically, it is desirable to develop methods for isolating kinetic mechanisms in discharges through gas mixtures. In this manuscript, we show how space–time resolved measurements of plasma‐induced emission and laser‐induced fluorescence intensities are used to distinguish between electronic, ionic, and neutral mechanisms for excited‐state production in radio frequency discharges containing Ar and BCl3. Although it was expected that the Ar metastable state would affect the degree of BCl3 dissociation, the mechanism uncovered using in situ diagnostics had not been considered previously: superelastic collisions between Ar metastables and electrons produce hot electrons capable of dissociating BCl3 more efficiently. By contrast, direct dissociative energy transfer from Ar metastables to BCl3 is unimportant. This mechanism leads to a narrow concentration range over which the dissociative excitation of BCl3 is increased tenfold relative to the pure BCl...


Theories of efficient coding propose that the auditory system is optimized for the statistical structure of natural sounds, yet the transformations underlying optimal acoustic representations are not well understood. Using a database of natural sounds including human speech and a physiologically-inspired auditory model, we explore the consequences of peripheral (cochlear) and mid-level (auditory midbrain) filter tuning transformations on the representation of natural sound spectra and modulation statistics. Whereas Fourier-based spectrographic decompositions with equal resolution filters can preserve spectral details, cochlear filters with bandwidth scaling, sacrifice spectral information while producing a more robust temporal representation. Cochlear bandwidth scaling produces a frequency-dependent gain that counteracts the tendency of natural sound power to decrease with frequency, resulting in a whitened output representation. Mid-level auditory filter scaling further enhance the representation of natural sounds by producing a whitened modulation power spectrum (MPS) with higher modulation entropy than both the cochlear outputs and the conventional Fourier MPS. These findings suggest that the tuning characteristics of the peripheral and mid-level auditory system together produce a whitened output representation in three dimensions (frequency, temporal and spectral modulation) that reduces redundancies and allows for a more efficient use of neural resources. This hierarchical multi-stage tuning strategy is thus likely optimized to extract available information and may underlies perceptual sensitivity to natural sounds.


"Reform of procedural rules for state aid cases"* The reform of the procedural rules implementing regulation 659/99 inserts itself into the major reform project undertaken in the state aid area.…


the volume of waste, especially in the Jogjakarta area, which is brought to the Final Disposal Site every day reaches 260 tons, this number is not in accordance with the population that should be around 225 tons per day, resulting in swelling of the volume of waste as much as 45 tons per day. Therefore, it is necessary to recycle waste, especially plastic. Then a plastic melter machine was designed to reduce this problem. This research method includes designing, building, and analyzing the strength of the framework of a plastic melter machine with a 12 kg load using the autodesk inventor stress analysis software, so it can be seen several parameters including von misses stress, diplacement, and factory safety. This plastic melter machine frame has a medium carbon steel frame specifications box profile with a size of 30 X 30 X 2 mm and has a frame length = 50 cm width = 70 cm height = 158 cm. The results of the analysis of von misses = 64.04 MPa diplacement = 0.6346 mm and the safety factor on the plastic melter machine frame is at 3.23. The safe construction limit for minimum static loads = 1.25-2 and dynamic loads 2-3. Thus the design of the plastic melter machine is declared safe in receiving dynamic and static loads


In this paper, the 3D model of Microwave balloon antenna for treatment urethral stricture from Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) was presented. The 3D modeling heating pattern's ability of thin slot antenna of microwave balloon in the research was also demonstrated. As the results showed that the distribution of temperature and surrounding temperature of modeling of open microwave system. Microwave system at 2.45 GHz. Power Operation are 40, 60 and 80 W. Time operation are 5 - 600s. A design microwave balloon antenna has protection of critical tissue structure.


The present study has attempted to identify the factors affecting the determination of exchange rate in Bangladesh by taking into account the values of BDT in terms of US dollar. Sixteen macroeconomic variables have been selected to test their impact on exchange rate of BDT. Covering a period of 15 years from 1999 to 2013 and using correlation and simple least square regression methods, this study has found that government expenditure is the most important factor in the determination of the exchange rate. Among the other factors, broad money supply, gross capital formation, primary income payments, gross domestic product, external debt stock, and gross national income are also important. On the other hand, total reserve, current account balance and deposit rate are of moderate importance. Again, inflation, lending rate, net financial account, net capital account, foreign direct investment, and primary income receipts are among the least important factors. It has also been found that increase in lending rate and primary income receipts is expected to cause appreciation of BDT and increases in all other factors are expected to cause the depreciation of BDT in relation to US dollar.


A high‐resolution environmental magnetic study of the Massignano section, Italy (Global Stratotype Section and Point for the Eocene‐Oligocene boundary), has been performed to test whether a clear magnetic signature associated with climatic change is recognizable in this record. Our results reveal the existence of alternating intervals with high and low magnetic mineral concentrations similar to the pattern of rock magnetic property variations observed from an environmental magnetic study of the CIROS‐1 sediment core from Antarctica. These results suggest that an external forcing mechanism drove the sedimentary response to global climate change prior to the major Oi‐1 cooling event at the Eocene‐Oligocene boundary.


The paper deals with the modeling and sensitivity analysis of a swing roller follower system designed for the operation of the beat-up mechanism of a narrow loom weaving machine. The translation and torsion models were developed for the system using the Newton's second law of motion. The models were simulated in a MATLAB application. The performance and dynamics of the cam system are analyzed using the SIMULINK technique. The data obtained from the simulation is used for a partial sensitivity analysis of the system's model. The sensitivity calculations were performed so that the deviation in the desired outputs of the system due to variation in the systems inertia parameters is minimized. The parameters chosen with respect to the sensitivity analysis are the mass inertia, spring stiffness and the damping coefficients. The spring stiffness and damping coefficients were kept constant while the mass inertia of the cam plate, follower link and beater link were varied to obtain a robust sensitivity of the system. The analysis is used to characterize the mass of necessary materials required for the manufacture of the cam system's plate, follower and beater links for optimum system operation.


OBJECTIVES
The development of minimally invasive techniques for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair and the establishment of specialized centres have resulted in improved patient outcomes. This study examines open AAA repair at a non-specialized centre where advanced techniques are not practised.

METHODS
We conducted a retrospective analysis on a cohort of 83 patients presenting for AAA repair to a non-specialized hospital, the University Hospital of the West Indies (UHWI). The end points assessed included operative (30-day) mortality, postoperative complications, duration of operation, blood loss, intensive care unit (ICU) stay and overall hospital stay.

RESULTS
The overall operative mortality was 9.4% (23% for ruptured aneurysms and 5% for unruptured aneurysms). Mean operating time, blood loss, ICU stay and hospital stay were 326 +/- 98 minutes, 2420 +/- 1397 mls, 3 +/- 5 days and 9 +/- 5 days, respectively with no significant differences noted between ruptured and unruptured aneurysms. Mean aneurysm diameter was 6.13 +/- 1.59 cm.

CONCLUSION
Mortality rates for open aneurysm repair at the UHWI are consistent with findings in the current literature. Open AAA repair remains a safe treatment option in this environment. Continued improvements need to be made with respect to minimizing blood loss and operation duration, particularly in repairs of unruptured aneurysms.


Nearby radio galaxies that contain jets are extensively studied with very long baseline interferometry (VLBI), addressing jet launching and the physical mechanisms at play around massive black holes. 3C 84 is unique in this regard because the combination of its proximity and large super massive black hole mass provides a high spatial resolution to resolve the complex structure at the jet base. For 3C 84, an angular scale of 50 μas corresponds to 200−250 Schwarzschild radii (Rs). Recent RadioAstron VLBI imaging at 22 GHz has revealed an east-west elongated feature at the northern end of the VLBI jet, which challenges past interpretations. Here we propose instead that the jet apex is not located within the 22 GHz VLBI core region but more upstream in the jet. We base our arguments on a 2D cross-correlation analysis of quasi-simultaneously obtained VLBI images at 15, 43, and 86 GHz, which measures the opacity shift of the VLBI core in 3C 84. With the assumption of the power-law index (kr) of the core shift being set to 1, we find the jet apex to be located 83 ± 7 μas north (upstream) of the 86 GHz VLBI core. Depending on the assumptions for kr and the particle number density power-law index, n, we find a mixed toroidal-poloidal magnetic field configuration, consistent with a region that is offset from the central engine by about 400–1500 Rs. The measured core shift is then used to estimate the magnetic field strength, which amounts to B = 1.80−4.0 G near the 86 GHz VLBI core. We discuss some physical implications of these findings.


In order to find out the influences of three parameters (rotor speed,twist factor and combing roller speed) on the yarn quality in the process of rotor spinning,the parameters were optimized by a combination design with current and revolving capability for two times function. The conclusion was that there is a best combination of the three parameters which may optimize the 3 main indexes of yarn strength,the CV value of evenness and neps.


The invention relates to a polar plate weighing device which comprises a weighing frame; a base plate is arranged in the weighing frame; a weighing sensor is arranged above the base plate along the transverse direction; one end of the weighing sensor is connected with the base plate by a cushion block; the other end of the weighting sensor is connected with a supporting bar; a tray is arranged at the upper end of the supporting bar; and the weighing sensor is connected with a signal analysis display system in a communication way. The polar plate weighing device is suitable for weighing polar plates of storage batteries in the storage battery production process; and the weighing accuracy of the polar plate weighing device is higher relative to the common metering.


The video quality of the conventional single description (streaming) coding (SDC) is vulnerable to transmission errors. Once a video frame is lost, it is likely to cause error propagation to the subsequent received frames, and this increases the difficulty of whole-frame error concealment by its preceding and/or succeeding reference frames. The temporal Multiple Description Coding (T-MDC) is more error resilient than SDC by distributing the risks of transmission at a cost of higher coding bit rate overhead which increases with the number of video descriptions. This cost limits the error resilience of T-MDC in a low bandwidth environment, and a small number of descriptions is preferred, where error concealment is still highly demanded to serve as the final line of defense for video quality. In the literature there have been some algorithms developed for the whole-frame error concealment of SDC and T-MDC. This paper proposes a novel algorithm called AVLI (Adaptive Vector Length Interpolation) for the whole-frame error concealment of 2-description T-MDC. AVLI consists of two component algorithms, and can adaptively select one of them with a smaller sum of absolute difference, leading to a higher video quality of Y-PSNR. One component algorithm adopts non-linear interpolation for the 4 × 4 block based motion vector reconstruction in the lost frame which is bi-directionally weighted by the inverse square of the reference motion vector lengths. The other adopts linear interpolation for the pixel based block reconstruction. Our results show that the proposed outperforms the conventional algorithms by 0.5 to 5 dB for the test cases.


A set of hypotheses based on emerging theory on high-involvement systems describes expected relationships between social structural characteristics at the level of the work unit (perceptions of role ambiguity, span of control, sociopolitical support, access to information and resources, and work unit climate) and feelings of empowerment. The hypotheses are examined with data on a sample of middle managers from diverse units of a Fortune 50 organization. A work unit with little role ambiguity, strong sociopolitical support, access to information, and a participative unit climate is found to be associated with managerial perceptions of empowerment, as is working for a boss who has a wide span of control.


Objective:To study the effect of Dang-gui-shao-yao-san on the expression of transcription factor GATA-3 and T-bet mRNA of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of(PBMC).Methods:PBMCs separated from eleven volunteers were cultured with or without Danggui-shaoyao-san for 24h.The mRNA levels of the transcription factor GATA-3 and T-bet in PBMCs were detected by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chair reaction(RT-PCR).Results:The amount of GATA-3 mRNA was significantly increased when treated with 10 μg/mL Dang-gui-shao-yao-san(P0.05).The levels of T-bet mRNA decreased after treatment with the Dang-gui-shao-yao-san and showed significant decrease at the concentration of 100 μg/mL compared with that of the controls(P0.05).Conclusions:Danggui-shaoyao-san might up-regulate the expression of GATA-3 mRNA and down-regulate the expression of T-bet mRNA,which suggested that Danggui-shaoyao-san might play a role in shifting the balance of Th2/Th1 toward Th2 and might have therapeutic potential in unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion where Th1 response was pathologically enhanced.


A conversational data access method is proposed in order to avoid the complexity of procedures for data access of CRT operator consoles. The procedure proposed here is composed of three hierarchical steps (tree structural steps), related to the systems of plant components and operational modes. It is concluded from the simulation experiment that the procedure proposed here is superior in many respects to that of the long code entry method.


The need to increase the use of renewable biomasses for energy supply, such as fuel pellets is significant. However, different types of biomasses have different mechanical properties to be pelletized, which entails a limitation in available raw materials for pellet producers. Within this study eleven different pure substances from biomasses were separately mixed with European beech and Scots pine, to identify its impact on the densification process. Beech and pine pellets were used as control materials against their corresponding pellets mixed with substances representing: cellulose, hemicelluloses, other polysaccharides, lignin, protein, and extractives. The mechanical properties were investigated as well as FT-IR and SEM analyses on the pellets. The results showed that the addition of the substances xylan and galactan created the hardest pellets for both pine and beech and that adding extractives to wood affects pine more than beech in relation to hardness. The FT-IR data could not provide clear explanations as to the variation in hardness and springback behavior through the identification of major functional groups in each pellet. It can be concluded that biomass residues rich in xylan and galactan increase pellet quality in terms of strength and durability without affecting the production process.


In this paper we introduce the notion of penta topological space and investigate the fundamental concepts in classical topological spaces for penta topological spaces. To do so we define new types of open sets and closed sets in the setting of penta topological space. We also study the idea of p-continuity and p-homeomorphism in penta topological spaces.


Dimension feature recognition plays an important role in feature recognition in 2D engineering drawings. At present, in most dimension feature recognition methods, the first step is the recognition of whole feature, and then to extract feature information. These methods have some disadvantages, especially in exploded dimension feature recognition. Aimed to solve this problem, this paper introduces a new algorithm of intelligent dimension feature recognition. According to the position relationship with basic elements of dimension, the dimension is recognized in a bottom-up approach. This new method can solves the problem of recognizing the exploded dimension


Lake Samsonvale (North Pine Dam, NPD) is a major reservoir, of approximately 22 km 2 with a capacity of 215 000 Ml and drainage area of 347 km2, which supplies drinking water to Brisbane, the capital city of Queensland in eastern Australia. Historically, there are large and persistent blooms of potentially toxic cyanobacteria in NPD, and it was hypothesized that their occurrence and biomass were related to input of sediment-boun d phosphorus from the drainage basin. The NPD drainage basin is ungauged and few estimates of (sub)drainage basin sediment loads exist. This paper develops a Bayesian approach utilizing endmember models to estimate, based on major and trace element geochemical signatures, the proportion of various drainage basin sediment sources in sediment samples taken from NPD. This approach not only allows for the incorporation of prior knowledge about the geo chemical composition of the sources (or endmembers), but also allows for correlation between spatially contiguous samples and the prediction of the sediment composition at unsampled locations.


This study investigates how convenience stores and fast food restaurants influence crime patterns over time. Using sales volume data from fast food restaurants and convenience stores, we examine streetblock crime levels over a seven year period in Seattle using multilevel models. Results demonstrate that high sales volume links to high crime, even after controlling for local socio-economic status, the effects of retail businesses, and local crime trends. In addition, street segment crime trajectories were spatially clustered in a significant way. The dynamics that explain why specific types of commercial facilities link to street crime need further theoretical clarification. This is the first study demonstrating significant spatio-temporal patterning of streetblock crime trends.


Social behavior of insects always fascinates human beings as they appear to maintain good order and communication in the society. Insects have developed sophisticated chemical communication systems using their pheromones for the purpose. Among the pheromones, cuticular wax is used to recognize group members from non-members. In ants, there have been identified close to 1,000 cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) and the composition of CHCs of cuticles works for the discrimination between their friends and foes. Some species of ants are known to use cuticular wax of the dead ants in other colonies to disguise their identity when they invade other colonies. It was known that the antennae of ants recognize the composition of the CHCs but the exact mechanism of this recognition has not been well studied. The CHCs on the cuticles are also used to distinguish the queen ant from other fertile ants. Queen ants produce 3,11dimethylated linear hydrocarbons longer than C26 (Figure 1). Interestingly, only the odd numbered carbon chains ranging from 27 to 33 are found in insect society. These CHCs are also coated on the eggs of the queen but do not exist on those of other ants, which allow ants to distinguish those eggs and destroy the latter by eating to control their social hierarchy. We became interested in the recognition mechanism of the different composition of CHCs and the effect of the disruption of CHC composition on the social behavior of ants. For these studies, we need to devise a versatile synthetic route to these branched hydrocarbons. Herein, we report the first synthesis of 3,11-dimethylheptacosane (1) through a short and versatile synthetic route. The synthetic analysis of 3,11-dimethylheptacosane (1) shows that intermolecular enyne metathesis can allow to introduce two methyl group on the chain and the overall chain length could be controlled by using an alkyne with proper chain length (Scheme 1). Two methyl groups of 1 can be obtained from two conjugated dienes of 2. These two diene fragments, 3 and 4, can be prepared through enyne metathesis of tosylated butynol 6 with proper olefin. This synthesis would not require any protecting group and allows that alkyne 5 could be replaced by other alkynes with different chain length for the synthesis of all possible CHC pheromones. The synthesis started from 3-butynol to produce the corresponding tosylate 6. The alkyne 6 was treated with the second generation Grubbs catalyst (Grubbs II) under ethylene atmosphere to produce diene 3. Since allyl bromide was not


The early experiments of Schoenheimer and his colleagues [1] using isotopically labelled compounds led to the conclusion that many body constituents, despite an apparent constancy, were in a state of rapid flux. Thus, labelled hydrogen atoms were found to interchange quite rapidly among different fatty acids which, in view of these results, could no longer be regarded as metabolically inert. Such results made it natural to inquire about the various states in which any particular substance could exist and in particular about the total amount to be found in each state, and the rate at which it moved back and forth among the states. It was hoped that a deeper understanding of many biological processes might result. It has been an interesting, and, for those engaged in the biological sciences, a somewhat novel experience to discover that the realization of this program requires the formulation of explicit quantitative models of the phenomena being studied. It is generally recognized that measurement always implies a theory which indicates what one measures and why one uses one way in preference to another. But in many areas of biology it has not been necessary to make this underlying theory explicit, the exceptional areas, such as genetics or biological assay, involving only a minority of biological workers. In experiments involving the use of tracers the estimation procedures used depend, however, in a non-trivial way on this body of theory. It is the purpose of the present paper to (a) sketch the kind of theoretical model required for such estimation, paying particular attention to the biological assumptions, (b) to illustrate the essential dependence of the value of an apparently simple and well-defined magnitude on the model assumed


The development of sustainable application practices, which do not demand incorporation into the soil, is necessary to encourage slurry use in conservation agriculture (CA). Incorporation is the most common practice to reduce nitrogen losses from the applied slurry. However, in CA, soil disturbance must be avoided. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate strategies to reduce gaseous emissions from dairy slurry applied to stubble-covered soil without incorporation. We evaluated (1) effects on ammonia (NH3) emissions of pretreatment by acidification (ADS), irrigation (IR) and placement under the stubble (US); and (2) effects of ADS, IR, US and delayed fertilization (RDS T16) on greenhouse gases (GHG). The results of the evaluated strategies were compared to raw slurry (RDS) and ammonium sulphate (MS). Additionally, in experiment 2, the results were compared to ammonium sulphate (MB) and slurry injection (IN), both in bare soil. ADS, US and IR decreased NH3 emissions by 66%, 60% and 32.5%, respectively, with total N emissions NH3 emissions accounting for more than 79% of N losses in slurry-based treatments. Late application reduced N2O emissions by 48%. GHG emissions from ADS, US and IR were similar to those from MS, MB and IN. ADS, US and IR are the most suitable strategies for slurry application in CA.


Background Craniofacial gunshot injuries encountered during counter-insurgency/counter-terrorism operations are involved in a situational complexity requiring astute battlefield care, evacuation, operative management and critical life support� Secondary infections by 'military superbug' Acinetobacter baumanii complicating to sepsis can jeopardize survival� Cases Two combatants sustained craniofacial gunshot injuries during counter-insurgency/counter-terrorism operations in hilly jungle terrain of South-Asia� Having survived through initial assault of the gunshot and resuscitation, they were tactically evacuated on ventilator support to tertiary care� In the backdrop of tissue devitalization, hemodynamic and renal compromise, extensive surgical and critical care interventions, secondary infection by multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumanii led to sepsis and demise� Conclusions Craniofacial gunshot wounds in the battlefield can initiate a domino effect leading to physiological complications which can predispose to secondary infections, leading to sepsis and demise� Acinetobacter baumanii known to survive in environmental reservoirs, can cause bacteremia and sepsis in gunshot, warfare injuries and natural disasters� A prudent emphasis on secondary and opportunistic infections in battlefield and hospital care is mandated to optimize outcome in gunshot injuries�


Necrotizing hepatopancretitis(NHP) is a severe bacterial affecting penaeid shrimp aquaculture.NHP is caused by the gram-negative,obligately intracellular NHP-bacterium which is classified as anα-proteobacterium and related to members of Rickettsia.NHP has affected shrimp farming in several North and South American countries,causing mortalities up to 95%.Now the NHP is listed by the World Organization for Animal Health(Office In-ternational des Epizootics,OIE) because of the potential to produce disease world wide.In recent years,progress has been made in the research of Necrotizing hepatopancretitis Bacte-rium(NHPB) of penaeid shrimp.The most advances about NHPB include: the morphologi-cal,ultrastructural characteristics,the symptom and histopathological features,the epidemi-ological study,the technology on diagnosis and the management strategies on the control.


Dendritic cells (DC) used for clinical trials should be processed on a large scale conforming to current good manufacturing practice (cGMP) guidelines. The aim of this study was to develop a protocol for clinical grade generation of immature DC in a closed‐system. Aphereses were performed with the Cobe Spectra™ continuous flow cell separator and material was derived from one volume of blood processed. Optimisation of a 3‐phase collection autoPBSC technique significantly improved the quality of the initial mononuclear cell (MNC) product. Monocytes were then enriched from MNC by immunomagnetic depletion of CD19+ B cells and CD2+ T cells and partial depletion of NK cells using the Isolex 300I Magnetic cell selector. The quality of the initial mononuclear cell product was found to determine the outcome of monocyte enrichment. Enriched monocytes were cultured in Opticyte gas‐permeable containers using CellGro serum‐free medium supplemented with GM‐CSF and IL‐4 to generate immature DC. A seeding concentration of 1 × 106 was found optimal in terms of DC phenotype expression, monocyte percentage in culture, and cell viability. The differentiation pattern favours day 7 for harvest of immature DC. DC recovery, viability, as well as phenotype expression after cryopreservation of immature DC was considered in this study. DC were induced to maturation and evaluated in FACS analysis for phenotype expression and proliferation assays. Mature DC were able to generate an allogeneic T‐cell response as well as an anti‐CMV response as detected by proliferation assays. These data indicate that the described large‐scale GMP‐compatible system results in the generation of stable DC derived from one volume of blood processed, which are qualitatively and quantitatively sufficient for clinical application in immunotherapeutic protocols. J. Clin. Apheresis © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


A mathematical formula to estimate the levator ani subtended volume parameter based on magnetic resonance imaging linear measurements from one axial and one sagittal view.


Summary.  At present, when resources allow, the main issue in preventing arthropathy in patients with haemophilia is determining the 'optimal' prophylaxis regimen rather than the choice between primary prophylaxis and on‐demand treatment. Barriers to prophylaxis implementation are still relevant and include difficulties with venous access, adherence to treatment regimens and costs. Prospective studies with different prophylactic regimens and objective outcome measures are still needed to determine the best cost–benefit ratio. The results from large retrospective cohorts followed up for decades in several European countries have shown that regular prophylaxis started at an early age is able to reduce physical impairment from haemophilic arthropathy. The efficacy of primary prophylaxis was finally demonstrated also in the setting of a randomized clinical trial.


In order to achieve the purpose of integrating VFW flexibly and improving its efficiency, application of virtual firewall (VFW) in computer network security has been explored. OpenStack-based cloud platform VFW system is analyzed with functional requirements and non-functional requirements, and the functional modules of the VFW are divided. Then, the design of VFW system architecture, application layer and functional modules is carried out. Based on the development of OpenStack cloud platform, the realization process of each functional module is elaborated, and finally, a novel queuing model is used to test the efficiency of the VFW system and the test results are analyzed. The theoretical packet loss rate of VFW system is higher than that of simulation experiment, and the error is larger when the number of VFW deployment is small. The average error between the theoretical and simulation results is 6%, and the final error after adjusting the algorithm is 4%. The optimal deployment scheme obtained by simulation experiment is highly consistent with the theoretical results. The model can successfully simulate the deployment of VFW and quickly get the optimal deployment scheme.


This article connects the process of healing for women of color and indigenous people with the process of sharing their oral stories. It summarizes lessons learned from a project that facilitated the discussion and processing of issues of survival and success in the academy among women of color faculty in social work programs across the United States (Vakalahi, Starks, & Ortiz-Hendricks, 2007). A surprising yet perhaps expected dimension of the journey toward collaboration and publication was the shared experiences of personal and collective healing among the editors, contributing authors, and women who read these shared experiences and later expressed interest in telling their stories. The process of collecting the voices confirmed the continued experiences of sexism and racism in society while deepening the understanding of the need for support and sisterhood. Reflections on the process were as significant as the collected inquiry data. The critical need for validation and support of indigenous practices, alternative pedagogy, and systems of change at all levels of the academy and society is stressed in this discussion.


Telecommunications and cyber technology have brought us to a workplace crossroad. Information and communication technology (ICT) is recreating organizations into dispersed enterprises, thus altering the boundary between work location and personal space, and re-imaging the conception of the worker. Managers are faced with ethical dilemmas arising from business cultures characterized by speed, efficiency, competitive advantage, and a cost-efficient and limited resource operational mentality, as well as the notion that workers are expendable commodities. Ethical concerns surround organizational perspectives and practices associated with the 24/7 workplace approach, including communication procedures employing ICT, work demands, and expectations regarding employee availability. Growing acceptance of "anytime" communication and collaboration is augmenting managerial power, thus blurring the separation between work and personal life. There is mounting concern about how job expectations and stresses negatively impact employee's health and livelihood.
Utilizing an interpretive-analytical toolkit methodology, and deploying the cyborg image as an interpretive lens, this research revealed that contemporary business enterprises are cyborg organizations, human-machine entities that are adaptive intelligent cyber-socio networks, and that the workplace is a digital sociotechnical environment where knowledge workers are cyborg workers—24/7 information processing entities. Next, this interpretive-analytical study formulated a constructive postmodern character ethic perspective to identify ethical issues related to ICT and 24/7 workplace connectivity, and to construct recommendations to address them. Research revealed that appropriately designed and implemented digital information and communication systems (1) enhance worker dignity, (2) foster employee well-being, (3) safeguard worker rights, and (4) promote appropriate use of organizational power. Applying these values to the practice of 24/7 connectivity indicate a need for increased awareness by business and information systems professionals of ICT's ability to mechanize employees, and the importance of reestablishing boundaries between the workplace and personal life, revising current communication practices, and decreasing employees' need to be accessible 24/7.
These findings can assist organizations in developing cultures, human resource philosophies, and managerial practices that authentically value employees, advocate work-life balance and worker well-being, and promote ICT use that expands employee capabilities in a manner that improves the quality of work performance and productivity, while enhancing the meaningfulness of the work experience.


Background: Improving patient safety, reducing and preventing central line –related infection especially in the intensive care unit are now a priority for hospitals. Therefore; nurses play an integral role in preventing infections. Aim of the study is to develop guidelines for prevention of central line infection and examine the effect of implementation of those guidelines on the nurses' knowledge and practice. Setting: The present study was conducted in intensive care unit of New Surgical Hospital affiliated to Zagazig University Hospitals. Sample: The study sample was included 40 nurses who are working in the above mentioned setting. Tools: Two tools were used for data collection which includes questionnaire sheet and observational checklist. Results: The study results revealed that prior to guidelines implementation; majority of nurses had unsatisfactory knowledge score and practice. In post guidelines, the findings pointed out to significant improvement. There was a statistically significant correlation between knowledge and practice score. Conclusion: Nurses' knowledge and practice improve after implementation of the guidelines for prevention of central line infection. Recommendations: Provision of continuous education and guidelines for prevention of central line infection, all needed equipment and supplies and further studies to examine the impact of guideline on patients' outcomes are required.


In this study, we investigate the co-movements in interest rates for 16 European countries. For this purpose, we analyze the time series properties of short-term and long-term interest rates, both real and nominal. The evidence suggests that there is some degree of co-integration for the interest rates between European Countries. The number of countries that are co-integrated gets larger as we turn our attention from long-term interest rates to short-term interest rates. However, as we turn our attention from nominal interest rates to real interest rates the number of country pairs that are co-integrated gets smaller. When we investigate for common features, no common feature is found to exist between any of the country pairs investigated.


The Bloch equations with relaxation times equal, i.e., T1 = T2, can be reduced to the spinor equation of motion (or Zakharov–Shabat eigenvalue problem). The response to a complex, time-varying driving field can be expressed essentially as a Laplace transform of the solution to the spinor equation. This enables, in many cases, closed-form expressions for the response to be obtained, when closed-form solutions exist for the corresponding spinor equation. It enables the 'inversion' of the Bloch equations to produce relaxation-selective driving fields, i.e., the calculation of the driving field needed to produce a target response, specified as a function of relaxation rate.


In this paper, we propose innovative representations for automatic classification of verbs according to mainstream linguistic theories, namely VerbNet and FrameNet. First, syntactic and semantic structures capturing essential lexical and syntactic properties of verbs are defined. Then, we design advanced similarity functions between such structures, i.e., semantic tree kernel functions, for exploiting distributional and grammatical information in Support Vector Machines. The extensive empirical analysis on VerbNet class and frame detection shows that our models capture meaningful syntactic/semantic structures, which allows for improving the state-of-the-art.


Resolving for integer phase ambiguities is an important issue of satellite surveying. In general ambiguity resolution techniques, observations made at tens of continuous epochs are required. These techniques usually fail in the case of cycle slip between global positioning system (GPS) satellites and GPS receivers happens intermittently. To overcome this, a novel technique, the single epoch kinematic (SEK) positioning technique, is proposed in this paper to resolve ambiguities based on observations made at only one epoch. In order to improve the computational efficiency, multiple wide lane ambiguities transformations and multiple statistic constraints are proposed and employed in this novel technique. Observations acquired from a 6 km×5 km test area with 25 check points are used for experiments. High accuracy of positioning and ratio of success for the experimental results guarantee the capability of the SEK positioning technique.


Tango artist Astor Piazzolla's composition, 'La muerte del angel', serves as inspiration for a few reflections on the relationship between enlightenment and enchantment in the 21st century. Piazzolla wrote the fugue as accompaniment to a play, 'Tango del angel', about an angel who tries to heal broken human spirits in Buenos Aires and ends up dying in a knife fight. Drawing on tango's melancholy, longing, and hesitant hoping, I share stories from my travels where I engage with the struggle to sustain an ethnographic art that brings heart to the process of knowing the world.


The Role of Velocity in Affect Discrimination Helena M. Paterson (email@example.com) Glasgow, G12 8QB Frank E. Pollick (email@example.com) Department of Psychology, 58 Hillhead Street, Glasgow, G12 8QB Anthony J. Sanford (firstname.lastname@example.com) Department of Psychology, 58 Hillhead Street, Glasgow, G12 8QB Abstract Two experiments are described that examine the role of speed in the categorisation of affective biological motion displays. For the first experiment movements were recorded for 10 affects and the point-light animations of them were shown to participants in a recognition task. The resultant confusion matrices were analysed using the ALSCAL multi-dimensional scaling procedure and produced a 2-dimensional psychological space. The psychological space for discrimination was similar to that from recent models of experienced affect in that the first dimension corresponded to the activation dimension from these models. A strong correlation between the movement speed and the activation dimension confirmed the finding. From these results it would appear that the mapping between stimulus properties and representation of activation in affect is a fairly direct one. For the second experiment more sad, angry and neutral movements were collected. New movements of different duration, but identical spatial displacement were made using an interpolation algorithm. Observers viewed the movements as point light displays and heir task was to rate intensity of affect. Results from this experiment indicate speed plays a major role in modulating the intensity of activation in perceived affect. Introduction Humans can easily tell each other apart and interpret subtle differences in behaviour that communicates intentions, identity and emotions easily. Cues from facial features are used for much of this recognition, however, highly impoverished stimuli - such as point- light displays - convey sufficient information for the recognition of such person properties (Barclay, Cutting & Kozlowski, 1978, Cutting & Kozlowski, 1977; Dittrich, Troscianko, Lea & Morgan, 1986; Hill & Pollick, 2000; Kozlowski & Cutting, 1978; Mather & Murdoch, 1994; Runeson & Frykholm, 1981; Runeson & Frykholm, 1983; Walk & Homan, 1984). The cues that convey this information in biological motion are of primary interest to us and using point light displays of human arm movements, we have concentrated on the recognition of emotion from biological motion. In exploring the way in which humans recognise affect, it is possible not only to look at the accuracy with which an affect is recognised, but also at the structure of the representation of affect. A number of models for the structure of experienced affect have been suggested that resemble each other in a number of factors (Russell, 1980; Watson and Tellegen, 1985; Thayer, 1989, Larsen and Diener; 1992; Feldman, Barrett and Russell, 1999). The similarities between these models are that the structure of affect is a two- dimensional and continuous structure. This structure is referred to as a circumplex model (Feldman, Barrett and Russell, 1999). The two dimensions of the circumplex models are bipolar and independent. One dimension represents valence (for instance hedonic tone, pleasant – unpleasant) and the other, arousal or activation (arousal – sleep/ activated – deactivated). The models are also continuous, with affects falling on a circle, centred on the origin of the psychological space defined by the two dimensions. Although these models were established as representing one's own experience of affect, there is recent evident to suggest that experience and perception interact when observing another person's actions (Decety and Grezes, 1999; Rizzolatti, Fadiga, Gallese and Foggassi, 1996). Additionally biological motion relies on both specialised bottom-up processes of motion detection (Mather, Radford and West, 1992; Neri, Morrone and Burr, 1998) and interactions between these and top-down processes (Shiffrar and Freyd, 1990, 1993; Thornton, Pinto and Shiffrar, 1998). In the case of affect perception such a top-down process may well originate from the influence of an internal structure of affect. It seems reasonable, therefore, to further explore the possible relationship between perception and structure of affect. There is also, currently, little research that concentrates specifically at the recognition of emotion


Abstract In this paper we are going to investigate a free boundary value problem for the anisotropic N-Laplace operator on a ring domain Ω:=Ω0\Ω¯1⊂𝕉N \Omega : = {\Omega _0}\backslash {\bar \Omega _1} \subset {\mathbb{R}^N} , N ≥ 2. Our aim is to show that if the problem admits a solution in a suitable weak sense, then the underlying domain Ω is a Wulff shaped ring. The proof makes use of a maximum principle for an appropriate P-function, in the sense of L.E. Payne and some geometric arguments involving the anisotropic mean curvature of the free boundary.


15 Polar holes were observed in the high-latitude ionosphere during a series of multi-instrument 16 case studies close to the northern hemisphere winter solstice in 2014 and 2015. These holes 17 were observed during geomagnetically quiet conditions and under a range of solar activities 18 using the European Incoherent Scatter Scientific Association (EISCAT) Svalbard Radar (ESR) 19 and measurements from Global Navigational Satellite System (GNSS) 20 satelliterecieversreceivers. Steep electron density gradients have been associated with phase 21 scintillation in previous studies, however, no enhanced scintillation was detected within the 22 electron density gradients at these boundaries. It is suggested that the lack of phase 23 scintillation may be due to low plasma density levels and a lack of intense particle 24 precipitation. It may be that both significant electron density gradients and that plasma 25 density levels above a certain threshold are required for scintillation to occur. 26 Formatted: Right


Despite its strong cultural heritage and tradition, Italy has no real national design policy, these writers charge. Instead, it has a fragmented and uncoordinated system of local initiatives that are insufficiently funded. Here is an attempt to imagine a redesigned model.


The present invention provides a nitrogen oxide removal unit (DeNOx), diesel particulate filter device (DPF) and a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) The novel catalyst composition and equipment. In the processing device after the diesel exhaust gas of the present invention using the above apparatus, emission control catalyst is a ceramic filter processing for the device even at a low temperature decreases the reproduction equilibrium temperature enables the driving without increasing the back pressure, the more of the heat via the low temperature assists to enable continuous playback without stress on the engine through the injection, provides an excellent effect of removing the carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons at a high efficiency at low temperature. And reduces the number of particulate matter of less than 1μm as a honeycomb DOC catalyst used in the rear end, via a DeNOx catalytic honeycomb used in the front end, it allows to efficiently remove the nitrogen oxides. A nitrogen oxide removal equipment, emission control systems, the diesel oxidation catalyst, soot


Food hygiene is one of the most pertinent issues in the food service industry today. This research sought to assess the personal and food hygiene practices of food handlers in the three boarding educational institutions in the Kwahu- East District of the Eastern Region of Ghana. The study employed the descriptive survey design. The research instrument used was questionnaire. The data were analyzed using frequencies and percentages. Results showed that foods conveyed to the dining halls were uncovered and not served at the right temperature. Aprons and hair coverings were not worn at all times during food preparation. Only 6.6% of food handlers wore gloves while cooking. It is recommended that District Assemblies should monitor the personal and food hygiene practices of food handlers not only on the streets but also in our institutions. Hand washing basins should be fixed close to washrooms in institutions and detergent provided for proper hand washing immediately after visiting the washroom.


With the economic crisis in which we live, it is becoming urgent to capture the high development of a company. In a professional context, the analysis of organizational performance through dashboards implemented with monitoring frameworks provides gains in knowledge about events, as well as available data about the progress of the performance of employees in the execution of their duties. This paper aims to review the state of the art of business frameworks and technological products, including their insights and applicability, with focus on the above-mentioned subject.


This paper presents the results of monitoring studies of contamination of feed for cows and pigs microscopic fungi and their toxins. Established that mycobiota feed provided families ( families ) Aspergillus Mich. - 32 %, Mucoraceae - 19,2%, Penicillium Linc. - 18.8 % and Fusarium Linc. - 5.6% of the total number of selected fungi, respectively. The percentage of good-quality food ( with a valid and medium stained micromicetes ) fodder for cattle was 62.1 % of the total, and for pigs - 71.1 %, while the number of feeds with a high degree of contamination was 37.9 % and 28 and 9% , respectively.


The anodic behavior of the dropping mercury electrode in the presence of hydroxide ion has been examined by the ac Polarographic method. Two ac waves were observed ; the wave at less positive potential is interpreted as the ac-reversible formation of a soluble species Hg(OH)2. Equa tions for the reversible process have been derived, which satisfactorily explain the experimentaldata.


This research is motivated by learning strategies that affect student learning outcomes at TPA Taqwa Pandam, Bonjol District, Pasaman Regency. This study aims to determine the application of learning strategies that affect student learning outcomes. This type of research is quantitative descriptive and correlational. The population of this research is 50 students at TPA Taqwa Pandam, Bonjol District, Pasaman Regency. The sampling technique used is class random sampling technique. The sample taken is 45% of the existing population as many as 22 people. The data collection technique used is a questionnaire, the data collection tool uses a questionnaire containing a list of statements. The data analysis technique in this study used percentages and Spearman Rho. The results of this study indicate that (1) the learning strategies applied in learning the Qur'an at TPA Taqwa Pandam, Bonjol District, Pasaman Regency is classified as low, (2) the learning outcomes of students are low, most of the students have not reached the Minimum Completeness Criteria (KKM) or have not been completed, (3) There is a significant relationship between learning strategies and student learning outcomes at TPA Taqwa Pandam, Bonjol District, Pasaman Regency.Keywords: Learning Strategies, Learning Outcomes, Students.


Abstract We report the case of a 65-year-old monolingual right-handed man with 5 years of schooling who, after partial recovery of Wernicke's aphasia due to a left temporoparietal lesion, was affected by a second stroke involving the homologous regions in the right hemisphere. The clinical picture after the second stroke was characterized by a severe 'glossolalic' jargon: auditory comprehension was only moderately impaired. This case supports the association of severe, disinhibited jargon production with bihemispheric lesions. Furthermore, it indicates that partially preserved auditory comprehension can be found in a patient with bilateral temporal lesions involving Wernicke's area and its mirror region in the right hemisphere.


We present a versatile framework for tractable computation of approximate variances in large-scale Gaussian Markov random field estimation problems. In addition to its efficiency and simplicity, it also provides accuracy guarantees. Our approach relies on the construction of a certain low-rank aliasing matrix with respect to the Markov graph of the model. We first construct this matrix for single-scale models with short-range correlations and then introduce spliced wavelets and propose a construction for the long-range correlation case, and also for multiscale models. We describe the accuracy guarantees that the approach provides and apply the method to a large interpolation problem from oceanography with sparse, irregular, and noisy measurements, and to a gravity inversion problem.


The situation is constructed when the tests are considered as events and the spare test equipments are considered as strategies. Then the model of grey situation decision for the test equipment selection and deployment (TESD) is founded. Through analyzing each decision objectives, their relative weights are calculated via analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The grey situation effect matrix under each objective is computed so that the comprehensive effect measure matrix can be obtained when all of the objectives are traded off by their weights. Finally, the decision-maker can select the optimal situations by the value of the measures and such situations form the overall concept for TESD. The paper combines the AHP with grey situation decision to select and deploy the test equipments optimally. Our experimental results show that the proposed method is effective and efficient.


The Greek military Junta (1967-74) constitutes an authoritarian regime, remembered for its carefully orchestrated propaganda mechanism and strict control over cultural products, including cinema. Despite a growing body of literature on how Greek cultural production was informed by the hegemonic sociopolitical agenda of the time, the role of translation agents in the film censorship mechanism of this period has not been investigated to date. This paper will therefore gauge the extent to which audiovisual translation was also subjected to various forms of censorship during this period. Specifically, by drawing on the thus far under investigated subtitle archives of Michael Wadleigh's "Woodstock" (1970), it will investigate the extent to, and manner in which, Greek film translation practitioners would often engage in an act of (self)censorship in an attempt to secure screening permissions for films. This paper envisages censorship as a productive process involving multiple (non-)state actors rather than a merely repressive act exercised by state institutions. To this end, an application of socio-narrative theory (Baker, 2006) is intended to reveal strategies through which film translation agents also modified and renegotiated aspects of the counternarratives encoded in Woodstock. To conclude, the role and status of translation agents in the film censorship apparatus of this period will be explored, using narrative theory's key conceptual tools to facilitate the study of re-narration and translatorial agency in the historical context under scrutiny.


A scene-based nonuniformity correction (NUC) algorithm for infrared focal plane arrays (IRFPA) is presented. In this algorithm, the infrared image sequence is decomposed by utilizing the discrete sequence wavelet transform. The corresponding statistics are calculated, and then the offset and the gain coefficients for IRFPA NUC are achieved ultimately. The algorithm achieves good NUC capability, which is validated with real experimental imaging procedures.


A fully-integrated silicon-based 94-GHz direct-detection imaging receiver with on-chip Dicke switch and baseband circuitry is demonstrated. Fabricated in a 0.18-µm SiGe BiCMOS technology (fT/fMAX = 200 GHz), the receiver chip achieves a peak imager responsivity of 43 MV/W with a 3-dB bandwidth of 26 GHz. A balanced LNA topology with an embedded Dicke switch provides 30-dB gain and enables a temperature resolution of 0.3–0.4 K. The imager chip consumes 200 mW from a 1.8-V supply.


Teachers could play a better part in the overall success of the institution when they put them to become active participants in the decision making process. Teachers should have the feel that they have more to do for the institution than just teaching. Moreover ,the entire system of education will benefit when teachers render an active and interactive role in their working environment. This paper aims to explore the value of teacher's participation in three domains of decision making, namely Management, Instructional and co-curricular activities were analyzed and the result revealed that teachers were more interested to take decisions on instructional domain compared to other two. This further leads the investigators to analyze the reasons behind why teachers reluctant to participate in decision making. This submission also suggested some mechanism to empower teachers to develop a self drive to be part of the decision making process.


As one of the most important component of pipeline transportation cost,energy consumption cost is impacted by a number of factors which are constantly changing.Therefore,it is difficult for the enterprise to set energy consumption index more reasonably.The paper,comhined with actual production,through introducing seasonal factors into a model to achieve quantitative analysis of energy consumption,overcomes error results from the interference of seasonal variations.And effective approaches to realize piping energy cost prediction under limited data circumstances are discussed and energy consumption changes in the process of crude oil pipeline transportation are further reflected.The predicting results can be used as a basis for setting energy consumption index and cost prediction.


This paper discusses the significances of differences between the ego psychology and self psychology points of view, as they apply to teaching the treatment process. The author advocates that self psychology be used in teaching clinical casework because of specific contributions that theory makes to understanding psycho-dynamic assessment and use of self in the treatment relationship. Special advanages of the self model for teaching clinical rpocess to new practitioners are cited, based on the experience-near quality of self-theory language. A theoretical example and a teaching case exmaple are discussed to illustrate these points.


Is the wave-function a physical reality traveling through our apparatus? Is it a real wave, or it is only a mathematical tool for calculating probabilities of results of measurements? Different interpretations of the quantum mechanics (QM) assume different answers to this question. It is shown in this article that the assumption that the wave-function is a real wave entails a contradiction with the predictions of the QM, when the special relativity is invoked. Therefore, this text concentrates on interpretations which conjecture that the reality that moves in our apparatuses is particles, and they move under the constraints of the wave-function. The de Broglie-Bohm interpretation, which matches this picture, assumes that the particle travels along a continuous trajectory. However, the idea of continuous trajectories was proved to lead to a contradiction with the quantum predictions. Therefore this interpretation is not considered here. S. Gao conjectured that the particle is in a permanent random and discontinuous motion (RDM). As it jumps all the time from place to place, the total set of occupied positions at a certain time is given by the absolute square of the wave-function. As motivation for his idea, Gao argued that if a charged particle were simultaneously in two or more locations at the same time, the copies of the particle would repel one another, destroying the wave-function. It is proved here that the quantum formalism renders this motivation wrong. Although refuting this motivation, the RDM interpretation is examined here. A couple of problems of this interpretation are examined and it is proved that they don't lead to any observable contradictions with the QM predictions, except one problem which seems to have no solution. In all, it appears that none of the wide-spread interpretations of the QM is free of contradictions. .


Systems engineering is unique in being characterised by its methods rather than its artefacts. Consequently, the scope of systems engineering is difficult to define. While some systems engineers contend that systems engineering is capable of addressing socio-technical problems, including climate change and terrorism, others argue that it is strictly a technical field. The paper presents the results of a discourse analysis of systems engineering textbooks, journal articles, and a qualitative questionnaire administered within the International Council on Systems Engineering United Kingdom Chapter and University College London Centre for Systems Engineering. The analysis finds three parallel accounts of systems engineering in the sampled community. These representations are of systems engineering as something new, as good engineering, and as a meta-methodology. The three distinct discourses of systems engineering diverge on its concept, origin, scope, role, training, epistemological positions, and worldview. The paper shows that claims for and against the wider applicability of systems engineering techniques to complex socio-technical problems not only chart alternative courses for the future of the field but are also grounded in particular constructions of its origins, practices and worldview. While this brings circumspection to the recent rise to prominence of systems engineering within broader engineering discussion and debate, it also provides an opportunity for reflexivity within the field as it responds to demands for integrated solutions to complex socio-technical problems.


Monolayer TeOx thin films were deposited on K9 glass substrates or copper grids by vacuum evaporation. Structure of the as-deposited TeOx thin film was determined by TEM and XPS. The TeOx thin film was successfully recorded with a short-wavelength laser beam (514.5 nm). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is used to study the microstructure of recorded marks. Micro-area morphology images show that the marks are deformed, and depressions and bulges have been imaged in the recorded marks. The level of the deformation is enhanced with the increase of writing power. AFM allows a precise determination of the mark size, the depression depth and the bulge height. The present setup allows the identification of individual marks through a specific location method and the correlation of the reflectivity contast, C, caused by a specific writing power to the morphology of the marks. According to the results of TEM analysis, there was no obvious difference between the phase state of as-deposited film and that of the recorded area. Based on the experimental results, the recording mechanism of TeOx thin film was discussed.


Sir,

Combination oral contraceptive steroids are (rarely) associated with cholestasis that resembles intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. The incidence of cholestasis due to oral contraceptive steroids is approximately 1:10 000 women exposed in Western Europe, but as high as 1:4000 women exposed in Chile and Scandinavia.1 The oestrogenic component of the combined oral contraceptive pill is believed to be responsible. However, we report two cases of cholestasis induced by norethisterone, a progestogen contraceptive, which resolved after withdrawal of these pills.

An 18-year-old schoolgirl developed jaundice, pruritus, fatigue and anorexia 2 weeks after starting norethisterone. She had taken 5 mg norethisterone three times daily for 10 days to delay menstruation during a skiing holiday. She was on no other medication and did not drink alcohol. Examination revealed icterus with a palpable liver edge. Blood tests showed alanine transaminase was 540 U/l, alkaline phosphatase was …


Fine-grained sediments, e.g., mud, often exhibit sound speeds less than that of the interstitial fluid. This leads to an angle of intromission (AI), or Brewster angle, at which there is nearly complete transmission of acoustic energy from the water column into the sediment. It is generally difficult to observe this angle directly inasmuch as (1) fine-grained sediments typically have a very low attenuation and (2) underlying granular sediments have a higher sound speed and thus the total seabed reflected field tends to be dominated by the underlying more highly reflective sediments. In some cases, the AI can be directly observed by time-gating the reflected field such that only the fine-grained sediments are insonified. Nominally, the AI is independent of frequency. However, reflection measurements from hundreds of hertz to several kilohertz show a frequency dependence. This dependence is due to sound speed and density gradients (which thus can be estimated from the reflection data). Reflection measurements and core data indicate that geoacoustic gradients depend upon location on the continental shelf. In the Italian littoral, density gradients are always observed to be positive and decrease seaward. Curiously, sound speed gradients can be positive or negative and have a less obvious correlation with position. [Research supported by ONR Ocean Acoustics.]


In the early 1970s, the Netherlands did not limit the alcohol consumption of road users. In late 1974, a legal limit of 0.5pm came into force, the police were given breathalyser equipment to test suspected drivers, and the blood alcohol content (BAC) test was admitted as legal. Some national campaigns against drink-driving were introduced. These measures were very effective for about a year, but most of the improvement did not last. After late 1987, breath testing carrying evidential weight was gradually introduced, and the proportion of drivers found with BAC more than 0.5pm decreased steadily. This is attributed to several specific policy measures from 1984 on, and to the growing popularity of low-alcohol and alcohol-free beers from 1989 on. To discover whether drink-driving can be reduced at a realistic level of police enforcement, the Leyden area was subjected to an enforcement experiment from late 1988 to late 1989. A large-scale enforcement and publicity campaign in the province of North Brabant, conducted from November 1989 to February 1990, was also evaluated. The results showed that intensive random alcohol controls by the police can significantly decrease the alcohol consumption of road users. For the covering abstract, see IRRD 866577.


Abstract 'Trounce' is a new maincrop freezer pea developed for the vegetable processing industry. Its main advantage is its high level of resistance to powdery mildew (Erisyphe pisi DC). It is a mid‐season maturity cultivar resistant to pea common wilt {Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. pisi race 1), pea top yellows virus, and bean yellow mosaic virus. In 15 evaluation trials over 3 years, it has consistently outyielded the standard cultivars. 'Trounce' has performed well in quality assessments testing its suitability for freezing. A notable feature of this cultivar is the high proportion of small peas produced.


Magnetized Liner Inertial Fusion experiments performed at Sandia's Z facility have demonstrated significant thermonuclear fusion neutron yields (∼1012 DD neutrons) from multi-keV deuterium plasmas inertially confined by slow (∼10 cm/μs), stable, cylindrical implosions. Effective magnetic confinement of charged fusion reactants and products is signaled by high secondary DT neutron yields above 1010. Analysis of extensive power, imaging, and spectroscopic x-ray measurements provides a detailed picture of ∼3 keV temperatures, 0.3 g/cm3 densities, gradients, and mix in the fuel and liner over the 1–2 ns stagnation duration.


High‐value grades of ethylene‐acrylic acid (EAA) and ethylene‐acrylic ester copolymers have been producing from ethylene, acrylic acid (AA) and the alcohol derivative via radical reaction in autoclave reactor at temperature of 150–230 °C and pressure of 150–300 MPa. In this paper, EAA and its ester derivatives were originally created from the 5‐substituted cyclooctenes (COE) with side chains of carboxylic acid or ester derivatives by ring‐opening metathesis polymerization at normal temperature and pressure. Especially, the controllable insertion of side chain groups in copolymers was effectively achieved by altering the molar ratio of COE and 5‐substituted COE. What's more, the polar carboxyl groups (ester groups) had a detrimental effect on the order assigns of the linear backbone and thus hindered crystallization, indicating relatively lower crystallizing and melting temperature with an increase in the content of side chain. As the amounts of polar groups raised, the stiffness of chain segments enhanced, thereby leading to an elevation in the copolymer's energy storage modulus (E') and glass transition temperature (Tg). Moreover, the Flynn‐Wall‐Ozawa (FWO) technique was employed to characterize and fit the non‐isothermal crosslinking kinetics of the ethylene‐acrylic ester copolymer derivatives, and the crosslinking activation energy was determined to lie between 97 to 140 kJ/mol.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved


1five cases of lycopodium granuloma were reported. In these instances the spores of lycopodium clavatum, an ingredient of dusting powder used for gloves, had been introduced into the operative field in the course of surgical procedure. These acted as foreign bodies and gave rise to indolent chronic postoperative inflammatory reactions at the original operative site and necessitated secondary operations at a subsequent date. Six similar cases, in which the spores were also introduced during operative procedures, were described by Erb 2 in 1935. In the original communication 1 it was shown that this substance either impeded the abatement of the existing condition or gave rise to additional complicating factors, and inferentially the use of lycopodium spores as a component of dusting powder on operative implements was cautioned against. Since that time another instance of lycopodium granuloma has been encountered in which the mode of introduction varied from the modes originally described. A white woman, aged 33, complained of rectal pain and drain¬ age from the anus and was admitted to the Newark Beth


The invention discloses a method for the fluorescent dyeing and finishing of cotton knit fabric. The method comprises the following steps of: 1, pretreatment: soaking grey fabric in a bath tub filled with water soluble refining solution for refining; and neutralizing a pH value of the grey fabric to 6 to 7 by using aqueous solution of glacial acetic acid; 2, dyeing: soaking the refined grey fabric in a dye vat filled with water soluble dyeing solution for soaking, pickling the dyed colored fabric by using the aqueous solution of glacial acetic acid till the pH value of the washing solution is 4 to 5, and performing soaping and color fixing; and 3, post-finishing: taking the dyed colored fabric out of the dye vat, and soaking the dyed colored fabric in a reagent tank of a forming machine for forming. The method of the invention has the advantages of improving brightness and brilliance of the cotton fabric, improving the fluorescent color fastness of the pure cotton fabric to the fourth level or fifth level, and making the cotton fabric having certain depth and brilliance.


There is a growing need to a more institutionalized economic arrangement in East Asia. East Asia Economic Community might be an ideal form of such institution. However, the road is still long and bumpy ASEAN should act as a catalyst, but needs to be stronger and more integrated. Indonesia, as a founder of ASEAN, has an important role to shape and to stimulate ASEAN to be able to fit-in the EAEC development.