To save computer users from the overhead of learning the computer programming language and to make computer systems available to naive people, high-level user friendliness in computer systems becomes mandatory. Natural language interface has some of the advantages of real natural language, such as familiarity of medium. But major challenges in building a natural language interface include ambiguity and impreciseness. A natural language query may be ambiguous when it can be parsed in different ways. It may contain imprecise terms that have to be processed before an executable query can be generated. In this paper, a extraction method of temporal information from Korean language is proposed. Processing of temporal expressions are important to make natural language interface systems such as querying the information of time table of air flights, theatres, trains and so on.


Anthrax is a highly pathogenic zoonotic disease that is attributed to the aerobic, rod-like Gram-positive bacteria known as Bacillus anthracis. This disease primarily affects domestic and wild herbivores through the consumption of vegetation, water or soil and inhalation of air or dust contaminated with highly resistant B. anthracis spores. Humans become infected through inhalation, ingestion of animal and animal products, injection of hard drugs and cutaneous routes through contact with infected animals or carcasses. The outbreak of anthrax frequently occurs in regions with high levels of agricultural practices, including Africa and Asia. Although endemic in West Africa, Nigeria recorded her first anthrax case in July 2023, which led to the mortality of eight farm animals. Several factors may have contributed to this outbreak including changes in soil pH, moisture levels, porosity and texture and the recent outbreak in Ghana, a neighboring country. Strategies to control human anthrax infections are mostly tied to those that limit the occurrence of anthrax in animals and reduce human exposure to diseased/deceased animals or their byproducts. The most effective ways to prevent and treat animal anthrax are annual vaccination (preventive and ring), quarantine and use of antibiotics. Furthermore, it is important that public health and animal health institutions collaborate promptly on the detection of anthrax within a given area. This collaboration aims to enhance awareness among medical professionals, animal health practitioners, and those residing in the affected region.


This article tells the planning story of Atlantis. It explains briefly the history of the project; why it was conceived and what is envisaged. The planning process is then discussed and, as will be seen, a case emerges for a multi-level (or ""recycle"") planning approach for projects of this nature.


Leadership is the process of influencing the activities of a group in the
organization, leading to the determination / achievement of objectives. The school
principal has a very important role as a leader in moving the school to achieve it's
goal. The principal function is to instill influence to teachers so that they perform
their duties wholeheartedly and enthusiastically. Of teachers have an important
role in determining the effectiveness of the learning process and the achievement
of the objectives of the school, so that teachers are required to be able to show
optimal performance. The level of achievement of the teacher's performance can
not be separated from the influence of the principal's leadership style.
In this study, the considered problem is what leadership style applied by
the principal of SMAN 1 Bulu? And how does the principal improve teacher
performance in SMAN 1 Bulu? The purpose of this study is to describe the style
of principal leadership and his efforts in improving teacher performance. The
benefit of this research is to give contributions in improving the performance of
teachers as a provision for principals in an effort to improve teacher performance.
This type of research is the study field. The source data is the principal as well as
documents. Collecting data uses interviews, observation, and documentation.
Meanwhile the method of data analysis uses qualitative inductive description.
Based on the analysis of research data, it can be concluded that the style of
school leadership in improving the performance of teachers at SMAN 1 Bulu uses
three styles of leadership, namely: democratic leadership style, authoritarian
leadership style and, situational contingency leadership style. As for efforts in
improving the performance of the school head teacher at SMAN 1 Bulu: 1.
Guidance to teachers and staff at the school for teacher and employees
performance can be increased; 2. Conduct regular evaluation once every week so
that the performance has not been good teacher can increase; 3. Provide a good
motivation for the performance of teachers and employees can be increased.
Keywords: headmaster, leadership, Performance


The theoretical relations are given for the kinetics of adsorption of a radioisotope mixture from solution on a solid surface. The time dependence of the amount of isotope A adsorbed can be described by a function containing two exponentials in the form A = K/sub 0/ -e/sup -K/sub 1//sup t/e/sup -K/sub 2//sup t/. The adsorption of Zn/sup 65/, Po/sup 210/ and Ca/sup 45 / on stainless steel was studied. (W.D.M.)


This paper adresses the deactivation of hydrotreating catalyst due to the coke deposition. Carbon deposited on hydrotreating catalyst was characterized by High-Resolution Electron Licroscopy (HREM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray analysis (EDX) to identify the structure, location and neighboring species


There were substantiated approaches to the standardization of the new combination phytopreparation on the basis of medicinal plants which is proposed to use in oral surgery and stomatology practice. Also there were developed methodics of qualitative and quantitative analysis of phytopreparation.


The judicial essay by the name of "Computerized Crime: Insufficient and inadequate criminal protection afforded by the Ecuadorian Judicial Framework" envisages the deficiencies that exist in classifying the crimes perpetrated through computerized devices and against them. The analysis in question establishes the three fundamental pillars aimed at attaining an ideal criminal protection that is fine-tuned to the local legislation of those developed countries, which constitute an example of the best international practices; as well as to international standards that are being promoted by the international, non-governmental organizations.


Prospective teachers' (PTs') ICT integration (ICTi) for learning math (LM) has been studied in the global context, however, it lacks in the local context. This study served to bridge the gap by exploring PTs': perceptions toward ICT competence and integration; reasons for relying on technology; and the challenges encountered while LM. The methodology was grounded in interpretivism, induction, mono-method-qualitative, case study, and cross-sectional components. The participants' selection was based on convenient and purposive techniques. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews (SSI) and focus group discussions (FGD) and were analyzed using thematic data analysis. The findings informed positive perceptions of PTs toward ICTi where the purpose of relying on technology varied across participants. Though ICTi was found important, still there are inherent challenges associated with its integration, for example, scanning online material, encoding math language, and limited awareness of mathematics application software. The recommendations necessitate the development of special programs to offer hands-on learning experiences along with mitigating challenges for the prospective teachers to integrate ICT for LM. Future researchers may focus on variables through the blended model of teaching and learning that impact the academic performance of students in a math course.


Abstract
 On the basis of literature research and specimens gathered during Polish zoological expeditions to the Middle Nile Valley, a catalogue of the Nubian Tenebrionidae was compiled with 46 species and subspecies belonging to 28 genera. New distribution records for 17 species are listed, nine of which, Adesmia (Oteroscelopsis) dilatata (Klug, 1830), Pimelia (Pimelia) angulata angulata (Fabricius, 1775), Pimelia (Pimelia) derasa derasa Klug, 1830, Trachyderma (Trachyderma) genei Solier, 1836, Zophosis (Oculosis) abbreviata Solier, 1834, Adavius nodieri (Fairmaire, 1893), Gonocephalum (Gonocephalum) inaequale inermipes Gridelli, 1945, Mesomorphus colasi Kaszab, 1963, and Neocaedius aegyptiacus (Mulsant and Rey, 1859), are recorded in this region for the first time.


An electrochemical method, using electrical energy, decompose water into hydrogen and oxygen, which is more important to pH values varying between the intervals {7.9 - 14} and {2-6 - 5}, a degree of salinity lower than 90 g/L and greater than 130 g/L. While the formed film and the resultant powders were characterized by FTIR, UV- Visible and complex impedance. Thus we see that the electrolysis of water causes a change in the stretching vibrations υ OH , namely the presence of Cu-O vibration (solid 520-630 cm -1 ). A spectral shift in the OH absorption band which is a positive indicator of the interaction of the metal particles dispersed in the electrolyte. Comparison of measurements of the value of pH of the electrolyte showed that acid pH values which increase, which is not the case for basic media and which shows a decrease. A peak of UV-visible absorption at 220 nm was recorded for the solution after production, pH = 8, and two bands at 320 and 360 nm due to hydroxyl compounds that are detected. Furthermore, the complex impedance diagrams show capacitive loops at the high frequency domain, and relaxation process of the electrolyte for different pH values.


B-cell activation yields abundant cell death in parallel to clonal amplification and remodeling of immunoglobulin (Ig) genes by activation-induced deaminase (AID). AID promotes affinity maturation of Ig variable regions and class switch recombination (CSR) in mature B lymphocytes. In the IgH locus, these processes are under control by the 3' regulatory region (3'RR) super-enhancer, a region demonstrated in the mouse to be both transcribed and itself targeted by AID-mediated recombination. Alternatively to CSR, IgH deletions joining Sμ to "like-switch" DNA repeats that flank the 3' super-enhancer can thus accomplish so-called "locus suicide recombination" (LSR) in mouse B-cells. We now show that AID-mediated LSR also actively occurs in humans, and provides an activation-induced cell death pathway in multiple conditions of B-cell activation. LSR deletions either focus on the functional IgH allele or are bi-allelic, since they can only be detected when they are ongoing and their signature vanishes from fully differentiated plasma cells or from "resting" blood memory B-cells, but readily reappears when such memory B-cells are re-stimulated in vitro. Highly diversified breakpoints are distributed either within the upstream (3'RR1) or downstream (3'RR2) copies of the IgH 3' super-enhancer and all conditions activating CSR in vitro also seem to trigger LSR. Author Summary Class switch recombination, initiated by the activation-induced deaminase enzyme rearranges immunoglobulin (Ig) genes in order to replace expression of IgM by IgG, IgA or IgE. A variant form of this event, locus suicide recombination (LSR), was previously reported in mouse B-lymphocytes and simply deletes all functional Ig constant genes, thus terminating B-cell function. This study first demonstrates that the structure of the human Ig heavy chain locus provides an ideal target for LSR, and is thus actively (but transiently) affected by this deletional process at the activated B-cell stage. LSR then yields recombined genes that do not support B-cell survival and which thus become undetectable among long-lived memory B-cells or plasma cells.


ABSTRACT The susceptibility pattern of Mycobacteriummarinum was determined. Quinupristin-dalfopristin and telithromycin were less active than clarithromycin. Linezolid showed good antimicrobial activity at clinically achievable concentrations. Gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin displayed activities similar to those of ciprofloxacin. Gemifloxacin was less active. The Etest method showed variable agreement with the reference method.


Ancient glass products were the main commodities exchanged between ancient China and the West. In this paper, focusing on the analysis and identification of ancient glass products, based on the annex data mining analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, chi-square analysis and one-way ANOVA, a cluster analysis model was established to derive the classification rules of high potassium glass and lead-barium glass, and a K-Means model was established to classify the samples.


The electromagnetic-like mechanism(EM) algorithm has good effect in processing data of sensor feeder terminal unit(FTU) on fault section location of distribution network,but there are some problems such as parameter sensitivity,charge overflow and particle falling into local optimum.The particle component exchange searching method is brought in and the formula for particle charge and force and step are improved.In consideration of flexible operation,the large scale of distribution network is divided into several distribution network module according to the loop switches,then the modules are weighted,thus a new model which can improve operation efficiency of the diagnosis algorithm is built.The simulation results show that compared with standard EM algorithm,the improved EM algorithm which only needs fewer population and iteration numbers can quickly realize data processing of sensor FTU and fault section location of distribution network.


This study was carried out to determine the correlation between benthic macroinvertebrate and substrate composition in recreational rivers in Bukit Bakar, Jeram Pasu, and Lata Mengaji. Pebble count method and Surber net were used for substrates and benthic macroinvertebrate data collection, respectively. D50 of substrates compositions was calculated using the pebble count data and correlated with benthic macroinvertebrates compositions by using Pearson correlation. The highest D50 measured was at Lata Mengaji (Station 5) with 120.11mm and the lowest D50 at Jeram Pasu (Station 5) with 10.82mm. Therefore, results showed the different richness, composition, and distribution of families between the three sites. Athericidae, Chironomidae, Elmidae, Euphaeidae, Helodidae, Heptageniidae, Leptophlebiidae, Platystictidae, Psephenidae and Simuliidae show a significant difference between sites. However, among all of these families, only families Psephenidae and Elmidae had the highest correlation with D50 (p-value<0.05). This was concluded that the substrate size compositions and arrangement are factors that influence the benthic macroinvertebrate distribution in rivers.


Short-term and long-term descriptors constitute complementary pieces of information in the analysis of audio signals. However, because they are extracted over different time horizons, it is difficult to exploit them concurrently in a fully effective manner. In this paper we propose a novel temporal fusion method that leverages the effectiveness of a given set of features by efficiently combining multi-scale versions of them. This fusion is achieved using a boosting technique exploiting trees as weak classifiers, which has the advantage of performing an embedded feature selection. We apply our algorithm to two standard classification tasks, namely musical instrument recognition and multi-tag classification. Our experiments indicate that the multi-scale approach is able to select different features at different scales and significantly outperforms the mono-scale systems in terms of classification performance.


CuO/SiO2 catalyst and modified CuO/SiO2 catalyst by nickel and zinc were characterized by TPR-TPO circles and XRD.The results showed that the first TPR-TPO circle of the catalyst was different from the subsequent circles.The temperature of reduction peak was decreased due to the interaction between nickel and copper oxides.Adding zinc caused the temperature enhancement.The components on the surface of the carrier were distributed again after first circle,and the reduction temperature decreased remarkably.


POCHIN has recently analyzed the incidence of leukemia in patients previously given I 131 (an internal source of beta and gamma rays) for the therapy of hyperthyroidism. 1 The data were collected by questionnaire from those clinics in Great Britain which used the isotope therapeutically. Information was included which had been assembled by others in several additional countries where I 131 therapy is extensively employed. Eighteen cases of leukemia in hyperthyroid patients previously treated with I 131 were collected through May, 1960. Three cases were also recorded in which the onset of leukemia had preceded I 131 therapy and which might erroneously have been considered to have followed I 131 therapy had not a preliminary blood count been performed. Pochin concluded, "The present evidence, while giving no support to the idea that leukemia is induced by the radioiodine treatment of thyrotoxicosis, neither excludes such induction nor sets any upper


Industrial Work Practice or Field Practice is a school project which combines systematically and synchronously between education programs implemented in the school and in companies through work experiences in the workplace to achieve a professional skill level. A problem which likely occurs in the implementation of the internship program is an incompatibility between the students' competencies and the workplace. Therefore, it cannot highly improve the students' competencies in accordance with their fields; the greater impact is that the students even feel unprepared for the workplace. To reduce those impacts, it is necessary to have a solution with regard to internal and external aspects. Overview of various aspects ˗˗curriculum synchronization, the role of instructors in the industry, the role of advisors in the school, the role of teachers in adaptive normative subject, professional skills, learning satisfaction, learning behavior, work readiness and capability of students˗˗ are expected to guide the students to be more ready to enter the workplace, especially in the industrial


Stress production in a model monodisperse polymeric material is investigated on multiple scales. The analysis is performed by means of equilibrium and nonequilibrium molecular dynamics. A family of mobile intrinsic coordinate systems is introduced, each system having one axis tied to the end-to-end vector of a generic chain segment of specified length. A similar mobile coordinate system tied to the large semiaxis of the ellipsoidal chains is defined on the chain scale. The atomic level stress is evaluated based on bonded and nonbonded interatomic interactions and averaged in the global coordinate system, to result in the global, system level stress, and in the various intrinsic systems, to result in intrinsic stresses. It is observed that the deviatoric intrinsic stress is scale independent, a bond, a chain segment, and the chain scale intrinsic frame carrying the same stress. The hydrostatic component of the stress tensor scales with the segment length. This concept extends the previously introduced intrinsic stress framework, scale linking the bond and chain scales. During melt deformation, the chain segments stretch and rotate. Chains shorter than the entanglement length mainly rotate during an elongational deformation of limited amplitude, their size remaining essentially constant. Longer chains distort and rotate. Two regimes are evidenced during the return to isotropy of the orientation on multiple scales. The faster mode is associated with the return to equilibrium of the internal structure of the generic chain, while the slower mode is associated with chain rotation in the global coordinate system. The intrinsic deviatoric stress carried by a chain changes during the first mode, and is essentially constant during the second. The physical picture of stress production defined on the scale of a bond (Kuhn segment) in the intrinsic stress framework translates to the chain scale during this late relaxation regime: each rotating chain carries a constant deviatoric intrinsic stress, the preferential chain orientation leading to a nonzero global deviatoric stress.


In this paper, we are concerned with designing surveys for detecting patches of some exploitable resource, such as a shellfish stock. We take as our objective that, if there is one or more circular patches above some specified size, then the probability of detecting at least one patch should be high. We show how the required sampling intensity can be modified in the light of information about the likely number and size of patches. The results are applied to two surveys for detecting exploitable patches of cockles ( Cerastoderma edule ).


During the Anti-Japanese War, due to the domestic resources, Japan unable to bear the pressure brought by the long war. So in the occupied areas particularly have been the years of slavery in the northeast of China, launched a more serious plunder and extortion. The Northeast occupied areas of finance were also strengthened the comprehensive control. Japanese imperialism through the establishment by the Central Bank of Manchukuo as the main body of the Northeast financial system, implemented finance rule,debauched the currency, monopolized of the right of issuing currency, forced enterprises and residents in savings and a series of northeast finance to meet the needs of the war in greatest degree.


A computer simulation has been developed to estimate the chances of a miner making a successful escape while wearing a SCSR. The model takes into account: (1) training in the use of SCSRs, (2) apparatus integrity, and (3) the oxygen cost of a mine escape. This Bureau of Mines report examines survival odds for a prototypical escape, and illustrates how these odds change when SCSR training is improved.


Importance Acute cystitis is a common condition diagnosed in women. The diagnosis and treatment of this condition change throughout a woman's life. Understanding the differences in diagnosis and treatment in premenopausal, pregnant, and postmenopausal woman increases the likelihood of treatment success and decreases risk of complications from untreated or suboptimally treated infections. Objective The aim of this review is to describe the incidence, risk factor, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of acute cystitis and the similarities and differences of these aspects of the condition in the premenopausal, pregnant, and postmenopausal woman. Evidence Acquisition A PubMed, Web of Science, and CINAHL search was undertaken with the years 1990 to 2020 searched. Results There were 393 articles identified, with 103 being the basis of review. Multiple risk factors for acute cystitis have been identified and are largely consistent throughout a woman's lifetime with few exceptions. The diagnoses by group with common diagnostic tools, such as urinalysis, vary in specificity and sensitivity between these groups. Management also varies between groups, with pregnancy having specific limitations related to drug safety in regard to possible fetal effects posed by certain medications commonly used to treat acute cystitis. Conclusions Acute cystitis not only varies in presentation throughout a woman's lifespan, but also in appropriate diagnosis and treatment. Treatment of acute cystitis does have some commonalities between the groups; however, there are contraindications unique to each group. These differences are paramount to not only ensuring appropriate treatment but also treatment success. Relevance Acute cystitis is a common condition with different diagnostic and management recommendations throughout a woman's lifespan. Target Audience Obstetricians and gynecologists, family physicians. Learning Objectives After completing this activity, the learner should be better able to evaluate published literature regarding acute cystitis in female patients; diagnose and recommend treatment for acute cystitis in premenopausal, pregnant, and postmenopausal patients; and identify the limitations and contraindications for antibiotics used to treat acute cystitis in each group.


Introduction: The SISPACTO indicators are important sources of information for monitoring and assessing primary care. The Individual Pecuniary Advantage (IPA) has been implemented in the city of Joao Pessoa, which is characterized by a financial incentive additional to the salary of primary care workers. It is provided based on the goals established by the family health teams, which are in accordance with the SISPACTO. Objective: This article aims to describe an experience in the Sanitary District I in the Department of Health of Joao Pessoa, PB, in the period between 2011 and 2012. The experience was about monitoring primary care taking into account the IPA agreement. Materials and Method: The analysis of this experience is the result of reflections raised in the Graduate Program in Care Policy and Management with emphasis on Matrix Support offered by the Department of Health in partnership with the Federal University of Paraiba, in 2012. In this formative process the author of this study with the support of her advisor, tried to analyze his experience as a technical director of that district in monitoring the health indicators covered by the IPA. Results and conclusion: As a result, we present the structure of the work routine of municipal matrix supporters, district manager and family health teams, pointing out their strengths and challenges. With this, we intend to offer a way to monitor and assess primary care based on health indicators, with a view to qualifying labor management and care in this sector.

DESCRIPTORS
Health Status Indicators. Employee Performance Appraisal. Primary Health Care.


Background and Purpose— Accurate information about hospital resource utilization is necessary for management of healthcare service. The purpose of this study was to determine the demographic and clinical predictors of length of hospital stay (LOS) of acute care hospitalization for first-ever ischemic stroke patients. Methods— A group of 330 patients who suffered from first-ever ischemic stroke and were consecutively admitted to a medical center in southern Taiwan were followed prospectively. Because our intention was to identify the major predictors of LOS from the information available at admission, we evaluated only those factors that could be assessed at the time of admission. Univariate analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to identify the main predictors of LOS. Results— The median LOS was 7 days (mean, 11 days; range, 1 to 122 days). Among the prespecified demographic and clinical characteristics, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score at admission, the quadratic term...


Translucent concrete aims at providing on energy concrete based light emitting concrete blocks. This project is forwarded with an idea of inducting of optical fibers in the concrete blocks or walls. So that light on pass from one side to another without hindering the privacy of occupants. They after to taking few steps into the project, we have introduced GGBS(Ground Granulated Blast Furnence Slag) with partially replacement of cement, so that we can achieve higher strength parameters at low cost. Different percentage variations of GGBS are studied in the project, so that we can get the optimum percentage at reasonable strength


Effects of subclinical hypothyroidism on bone mineral density and cardiometabolic-risk: genetic and immune influences
Subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) affects 3-8% of the population and is associated with hypertension, dyslipidaemia and altered bone mineral density (BMD). Metabolic anomalies in thyroid disease have been attributed to thyroid hormone variation but mice deficient in thyrotropin (TSH) receptor (TSHR) have low BMD, despite normal thyroid hormones, suggesting that TSH/TSHR function in bone is important. SH has several aetiologies including thyroid autoimmunity characterised by thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies (TPO-Ab), inactivating TSHR mutations (TSHR-M) and FOXE1 polyalanine tract length (FOXE1-PTL) polymorphisms. I hypothesise differential bone effects in SH relating to these causes. Similarly the effects of SH on metabolic outcomes is unclear and may also depend on SH aetiology.
Principle aims -
1. To determine the prevalence of heterozygous TSHR-Ms in SH.
2. To evaluate body composition and metabolic parameters according to i) TSH, T4 and T3; ii) TPO-Ab; iii) TSHR-M or polymorphism; iv) FOXE1-PTL polymorphism.
156 women and 52 men, mean age 51 with primary untreated SH were recruited. Blood samples were obtained for biochemistry (thyroid & lipid profiles, TPO-Ab, HOMA-IR) and blood pressure (BP) and anthropometric data collected. TSHR and FOXE1 were genotyped. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry generated Z-scores. Stepwise multivariate regression analyses were performed.
Half of the cohort had TPO-Ab; 6% had TSHR-Ms (essentially TPO-Ab negative) and 60% expressed FOXE114/14-PTL. TSH and TPO-Ab associated negatively with BMD-Z at lumbar spine but not hip whereas free-T3 and male gender associated negatively at both sites. TSHR-M status did not influence BMD-Z despite lower free-T3 relative to TSH.
Free-T3 associated positively with BP and HOMA-IR. FOXE1-PTL14/14 associated positively with free-T3 and negatively with BP. TSH, TSHR-M and TPO-Ab status showed no metabolic associations but unexpectedly TSH showed a positive association with T3.
SH is considered homogenous but my results illustrate its heterogeneity and highlight the need for studies accounting for aetiology in order to optimise clinical management


The facet temperature characteristic of 808 nm semiconductor laser was researched. Catastrophic optical mirror damage (COMD) is one of major factor, which drastically limits optical power and lifetime of semiconductor laser. The heat source of semiconductor laser facet and the facet temperature field distribution were analyzed. The model of facet temperature distribution was established. The facet temperature characteristic of 808 nm semiconductor lasers for the ZnSe passivation coating of facet and uncoated the ZnSe passivation coating was analyzed. It is found that the temperature of device with the coated ZnSe passivation coating is lower than uncoated ZnSe passivation coating by 5.3C. It can effectively reduce the semiconductor laser facet temperature and improve the COMD threshold of 808 nm semiconductor laser with ZnSe passivation coating. Introduction 808 nm high power semiconductor lasers are widely used in pumping solid state laser[1-2], laser medical[3-4], material processing and military applications[5]. With the increase on output power and brightness of solid state laser, we need more performance pumping source[6]. Semiconductor laser devices are subject to optical power, drive current and thermal effect while working. The facet of semiconductor laser devices can be easily oxidized and oxidized facet will dramatically degenerate device, even result in catastrophic optical mirror damage (COMD) [7] and make device failure. In order to improve the COMD threshold of semiconductor laser facet, the most common method is to coat passivation film which can also protect facet and make semiconductor laser work at high power. We selected ZnSe as facet passivation film to reduce the facet temperature. The energy gap width of ZnSe material is 2.75eV, which is much larger than GaAs material. This can effectively prevent electrons and holes diffusing and recombining at the facet, reduce optical absorption and facet heat. The resault is ZnSe passivation film can effectively inhibit the semiconductor laser facet being oxidized, improve COMD threshold and output power. Physical Model There were two parts of heat generated by semiconductor laser, the heat source from active region and the heat source from non-active region[8-9]. (1)The heat source from active region(Qact): Under working condition, the active region generated lots of carriers and photons. The result of the carriers and photons was nonradiative recombination, radiant absorption and absorption of the spontaneous radiation, and then generating a large amount of heat. (2)The heat source from non-active region(QF): the facet heat source was the joule heat. The total temperature distribution of facet: J act Q Q Q + = (1) However, when semiconductor lasers was under high continuous current condition or high International Industrial Informatics and Computer Engineering Conference (IIICEC 2015) © 2015. The authors Published by Atlantis Press 854 intensity pulsed current condition, facet heat will gradually ascend, which leads to light absorption of facet, and generates more heat. The heat made quantum well bandgap become narrow, resulting in more light absorption and generating more heat. As to analyse temperature distribution of facet, facet optical loss heat source(Qopt)[10] is a need parameter when the divices work at high continuous current condition or high intensity pulsed current condition. Qopt is that the heat generated by light absorption of facet under high temperature condition. Therefore, the facet heat source of divice under high continuous current condition or high intensity pulsed current condition: J opt F Q Q Q + = (2) The total temperature distribution of facet:


MF01/PC01 Plus Postage. *Educational dHistory; *Freshman Composition; *General Education; Higher Education; *Literature; Teaching Methods; Writing Processes *Composition Literature Relationship; Composition Theory; Historical Background; *Jardine (George) As the issue of whether literature might be used to teach composition has not been a lively issue of debate among curreut scholars, those interested in the topic might look to George Jardine, professor of logic and philosophy at the University of Glasgow, Scotland, from 1774 to 1824. As Robert Connors suggests, teachers stand to gain much by turning to the "good-willed" practitioner rather than the giants of current scholarly dialogues. Jardine's design for integrating composition and the study of English literature, titled "Outlines of a Philosophical Education" aims to help students to develop a sense of taste, to improve their own writing, and to acquire skills necessary to succeed in business. In line with his philosophy, Jardine includes chapters on the origin and progress of written language, the improvement of memory, the culture of the imagination, the improvement of the powers of judging and reasoning, the elements of taste and aesthetics as applied to color and emotions received from the reflex sense of beauty, and the study of the beauty and grandeur of external nature. He had three goals before him in promcting the culture of the mind: (1) to accommodate the subject-matter of the lectures to the capacity and actual progress of the students; (2) to awaken a desire for information; and (3) to keep alive their interest in the discussion and investigations brought before them. As Donald Stewart suggests, the teacher who evaluates current educational theories with an historical perspective is flexible: she or he is made aware of contexts. (TB) ********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** U DIPAINTMENT 0 EOUCA11061 r, :0 f a,..catofw Ronson. ul I rk, ic A T ION A k SIDOICIS INF CfClf.f.*114',4 ff R IRK 1,/, reSso.. s 'Es" 0,00 ',SP [WU, ' Lynee Lewis Gaillet ESE40, "es. taele .ee ws I . . "Vs.".." Stat'br! r 1r -s .1, a . evlo, --pose ,` Improving the Powers of Taste: An Historical Case for Using Literature to Teach Composition 1 The question of whether literlture has a place in the freshman writing class is an old one that keeps resurfacing. In this country in 1901, the Pedagogical Section of the MLA investigated the relationship between reading and writing and asked, "Was good reading alone sufficient to develop good writers, or was additional training necessary? If so, what should the nature of this training be. A majority recommended reading supplemented by good instruction in composition." The next year (1902), the Pedagogical Section also questioned whether the teaching of composition should be "principally a practical business or whether it should by authorship, the production of literature. According to Donald Stewart, the majority attempted to reconcile the two positions" (20). However, the MLA's ground breaking resolution was obviously not acted upon, and the debate continued--or worse yet was ignored--in the scholarship. We saw these same theoretical and professional concerns resurface in Composition and Literature: Bridging_thv Gap, edited by Win Horner in 1983. This time, scholars responded to the comp/lit issue because of the "widening gulf between research and teaching in literature and research and teaching in composition (Horner 1)." The study and teaching of composition was regarded as a peripheral activity of departments of English while the study and teaching of literature was "supported by research funds um. 144A`(+7 a 1411,, 7,,A14'l it CtZ:vCi-t1 4 I A SI It ;NI 1011411. I 14 BEST COPY AVAILABLE


For medium-low-rise structures, as compared to high-rise structures with respect to seismic waves in general short-period components, it is more vulnerable. Nevertheless, it is the reality is not popular relatively seismic design philosophy is widely. In this study, we conducted a dynamic analysis of low-rise structures in accompanying the introduction effect by applying a reusable damping system of bolted connection that has been developed through previous research. Through analysis results by analyzing the primary response value, was examined the possibility of reuse of the frame to evaluate the damage to the structural members.


This paper analyzes the existing management modes of agricultural circular economy in karst rocky desertification region, based on full consideration of other impact factors and the current problems of rocky desertification control, proposes "four-in-one" security mechanism of agricultural circular economy, which divides these factors into four subsystems, through coordination of each subsystem to deal rocky desertification efficiently.


Asset-backed security has flexible risk management mechanism and lower financing cost,but supply chain finance has a unique asset risk control mechanism. Considering that the underlying assets of SMEs can scarcely reach the standard of securitization,this study proposes an innovative model for SMEs' asset-backed securitization where the asset pool can be built with underlying assets under effective supervision,inspired by the risk control principles of supply chain finance under the supply chain circumstance.


After nearly 25 years of continuous technological development, the therapeutic arsenal for treating severe cardiac failure has been reinforced by the addition of a new weapon: a mechanical bridge whilst waiting for emergency cardiac transplantation for patients in cardiogenic shock and an alternative to transplantation in certain categories of chronic disease. The author describes the system and the results in the indication of a bridge to transplantation and the problems posed by the indication of chronic cardiac failure are discussed.


An instrument for in situ observation of growth and dissolution processes of silicate crystals at elevated temperatures up to 1600°C has been newly designed. This instrument consists of a growth cell with a specially designed liquid holder, a digital temperature controller using a highly stabilized DC power unit, an optical microscopic system for in situ observation of the processes with transmitted light and a high resolution TV system for recording and displaying optical images. The stability of the temperature around the growing crystal has been improved to satisfy ±0.3°C at 1600°C in a high temperature solution of small volume (≅0.06 cm3).This combination makes it possible to carry out the direct observations not only of growth and dissolution processes of crystals in liquid phases at high temperatures with clarity, but also of the diffusion layers and convection around growing or dissolving crystals. This system has been successfully applied to the diopside-forsterite-silica system.


D ANIEL WEBSTER'S approach to the Oregon question in 1842-1843, and especially the elusive "tripartite plan" that he advanced at that time, has often been criticized and misconstrued by scholars. Thomas A. Bailey, for example, expresses surprise that Webster considered yielding the region north of the Columbia River in return for nothing more than British support for the acquisition by the United States of part of California from Mexico.1 In a similar vein, David M. Pletcher finds the tripartite proposal unsettling and even states that it was "probably just as well for long-range American interests" that Webster did not receive an appointment in 1843 as special envoy to Great Britain to negotiate about Oregon.2 Webster's position on the Oregon question, however, has not been adequately understood. Moreover, it seems clear that he never had any intention of sacrificing the national interests of the United States.


The visual variations in brightness of R CrA, S CrA, T CrA, and R Mon, all classified as T Tau-like irregular variable stars, have been investigated. Long-period variations with time scales of approximately 1000--1500 days and 8000--10,000 days were found in these stars. These long-period variations are unlikely to be due to pulsations of the stars themselves. There is some evidence that changes in circumstellar shells are responsible for the observed variations in these stars and in the variable reflection nebulae which are associated with R CrA and R Mon.


The study of narrative resources such as free indirect discourse and narrated monologue, in Los de abajo, although it has been clearly pointed out by critics such as Mansour, Escalante and St. Ours, is scarce in comparison with the works on the Mexican Revolution and the controversy over the ideological position of its author, Mariano Azuela. In the present work, an approach to these resources is made, following the precepts of narratology, starting from the relationship between the narrative voice and the figural discourse, and between the discourses of the characters; that is, from the citation processes. Specifically, an approach is made to the way in which Demetrio Macías recounts his exploits by repeating the speech of Alberto Solís, shaped, in turn, by other anonymous speeches. The relevance of self-narrating in this way is such that it implies a radical change in the personality and destiny of Demetrio Macías.


The aim of this work is to produce blocks for hydraulical structure in concrete using alkali activated slag (AAS) as cement, granulated slag of blast furnace as fine aggregate and air-cooled blast furnace slag as coarse aggregate. Literature was consulted in order to select the shape and geometry to build the hydraulic structure. Mechanical, physical and durability concrete properties are investigated such as flexural strength, tense splitting strength, absorption of water by capillary forces water, absorption and percentage of voids. Blocks had stayed in marine environment during one year for evaluation of the durability and counting of number of marine organisms in its surface. Mean while, samples were immersed in a tank simulating marine environment where the water pH was monitored. The shape of the block was named as hydrus, and it meets the design requirements. The evaluation of the properties of the concrete show better results, or equivalent, for the-alkali activated slag concrete, in comparison to the reference concrete. The classification and counting of marine organisms in the surface of the blocks and the evidence of the quality of the water indicate that


Election process and results in many countries have resulted in both political and economic instability of that country. Fair and credible election process and results must be evidence-based and statistical proven. This study employed a Bayesian procedure for the validation of election results. Based on Nigerian 2011 and 2015 presidential election results, Bayesian credible intervals were obtained to assess the credibility of Nigeria presidential election results. The study explores Bayesian methods using a Bayesian model called beta-binomial conjugate model to compute posterior probability of electoral votes cast and confirm if these votes are within Bayesian credible intervals. The results obtained showed that election outcomes for the two major political parties in Nigeria 2011 presidential election are not within Bayesian credible bounds while 2015 presidential election results are within computed Bayesian credible bounds. Also, in contrast to frequentist approach, applied Bayesian methodology exhibited smaller variance which is an indication that Bayesian approach is more efficient. Thus, for election to be fair, credible and acceptable by the electorates, Bayesian approach can be used to validate electoral process and results.
Keywords: Bayesian Methods, Bayesian Credible Intervals, Beta-Binomial Model, Empirical Bayes, Nigeria Presidential Elections.


This paper discusses the use of diffractive optical elements for optical interconnection in digital computers. The demonstration of these elements, called holographic optical interconnect elements (HOIEs), in an FFT processor is described from three perspectives: system architecture, major enabling technology (smart pixel arrays and HOIEs), and component and system packaging. The FFT processor is based on free-space optical interconnects between a pair of smart pixel arrays, thereby using the advantages of free-space optics to realize the global connectivity requirements of the FFT algorithm. An emphasis is placed on the computer generated holographic elements that establish the free-space paths between the smart pixel arrays.


Phase change materials or PCMs are compounds which store and release latent heat by changing chemical bonds through a phase alteration. These materials absorb energy during the heating and release energy to the surroundings through a reverse cooling process. The integration of PCM in textiles by coating, encapsulation or any other means has grown concentration to the scientist. In this paper; characteristics, classification, working principle of PCMs and its versatile application in textiles are mainly discussed.


Active object detection (AOD) aims at getting a better image for detection. It moves robot to get a best view of the object. This method is more effective than traditional object detection when facing following problems: the object in image is of tiny scale, the object is blocked by other irrelevant objects, the object is partially captured by camera, etc. We consider that the past images acquired by the robot are related to the problems mentioned above. So different from the state-of-the-art methods which mostly generate actions based on current image, a novel AOD network based on CNN and LSTM networks is proposed to advance detection performance in this paper. The AOD network uses current and historical scenes as well as movements are learned to explore and generate following robot actions. We train the Action Network through reinforcement learning. During training, phenomenon that robot stuck and repetitive in several specific situations usually occurred, which results in invalid training. To solve this, an effective training strategy is proposed to skip trapped or repetitive actions. Our proposed AOD network was evaluated on Active Vision Dataset and the experiment results showed its advantage of both accuracy and efficiency on AOD tasks.


This paper presents a block cipher algorithm based on the chain-rules CA,which is by means of iterating cellular automata backward-to-encryption and forward-to-decryption at a fixed boundary.The results show the error propagation of ciphertext with an unchanged key and ciphertext with an unchanged plaintext is close to 50%.This cryptosystem can resist known-plaintext attack and known-ciphertext attack.


Always criticised for its lack of dynamism, its turbulent character within Europe and its obsolete, sclerotic structures, the French banana market has been having its revenge for several months. It is running counter to the European trend, showing insolent vitality in the first half of 2009. Indeed, French consumption increased by 5% during this period. The symbolic 300 000- tonne level was exceeded, with a final figure of 306 481 tonnes. This is nearly 16 000 tonnes better on a year-on-year basis and an improvement of some 58 400 tonnes since 2006, that is to say a 24% increase! (Resume d'auteur).


ABSTRACT Aim The aim of the study was to evaluate the association of IL‐18 137 G > C, 607 C > A gene polymorphism in Uyghur population with chronic periodontitis (CP) and combine the results with the meta-analysis Methods In a case‐control study, 200 cases with CP and 100 healthy controls were recruited; IL‐18 137 G > C, 607 C > A genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). In the meta‐analysis, we used electronic databases, including CNKI, Wan Fang, PubMed, EMBASE databases etc.to obtain relevant research published through June 2020. Studies were considered eligible if odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were provided or calculated from the given data. The size of the combined effect was calculated using STATA 15.0 Results Our study revealed significant association between CP and IL‐18 137 G > C (P = .045, OR = 1.67), 607 C > A (P = .045, OR = 1.67). The overall meta‐analysis revealed significant associations between IL‐18 137 G > C polymorphism and CP risk in Allele, dominant, co-dominant and recessive genetic models. The subgroup analysis also showed a significant association between the IL‐18 137 G > C and risk for periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis in the Asian (GC+ CC VS. GG: P = .047, OR = 1.64,95%CI = 1.01–2.68) Conclusions IL‐18 137 G > C, 607 C > A could be associated with susceptibility to periodontitis in Uyghur population. Further case-control of candidate genes studies targeting larger sample sizes and different ethnic groups are needed to arrive more accurate conclusions.


Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) /Light Green (LG) dye nanocomposites were fabricated and their structure, microstructure, linear and nonlinear optical properties were investigated. The samples were characterized as nanocomposites with dye molecules encapsulated between the larger molecules (molecular chains) of the polymer host PVA. The nonlinear refraction behaviour was investigated employing the Z-scan technique, using a continuous wave (cw) He- Ne laser operating at 632.8 nm, as the excitation source. The samples displayed negative nonlinear refraction (self-defocusing) under the experimental conditions. Low-threshold optical limiting behaviour exhibited by the PVA based nanocomposites was demonstrated using an aperture limited geometry. The low limiting thresholds (~4 mW and ~2.4 mW) observed for the samples indicate that these low cost and durable nanocomposite films are potential media for optical limiting application under cw laser light excitation.


The purpose of research is to the function of respiratory circulation and change of density of an electrolyte depending on training period of aerobic exercise with 12 people for a test group and 6 people for control group the conclusions are below. 1. By the function of respiratory circulation V0_2max has been increased similarly after 8weeks and 12weeks depending on training period(p<0.05), HRrest has been decreased similarly after 12weeks(p<0.05) and quantity of ventilation has been increased similarly after 12weeks. 2. Body fat has not been decreased statistically for 12weeks training period. 3. By change of density of an electrolyte, density of Na^+ has been decreased similarly after 12 weeks depending on training period(p<0.05) and density of K^+ has been increased similarly after 12 weeks(p<0.05). By the conclusions above, VO_2max and quantity of ventilation have been increased similarly by jogging with is aerobic exercise, HRrest has been decreased similarly and density of Na^+ and K^+ has been change similarly. For the function of respiratory circulation and similar change of density of an electrolyte, it is probably possible to have training period for over 12 weeks by 60-70% HRmax, because we can not expect similar change of body fat by training period in this research, we need training period for an hour a day and 5 times a week for over 12 weeks by exercise of 60-70% HRmax for decrease body fat,


This paper describes the development and performance of a compact, low-cost, one-input, two-output, two-error multichannel active noise system for personal (small-region) quietude. Operation of the system encompasses both modeling and attenuation phases and includes automatic restart capabilities if performance is lost. To achieve a robust single DSP implementation, several modifications of the filtered-X LMS adaptive controller have been employed, including partial gradient calculation, sign-error adaptation, and approximate iterative data normalization of the algorithm step size. Acoustical factors have been addressed in the selection of filter lengths, sampling rate, and convergence factors, as well as in the placement and selection of sensors and output sources. Experiments indicate that the system can achieve 20 dB of noise reduction in the frequency band between 100 Hz and 1700 Hz for localized random noise sources.


Caused by strain deformation in brain tissue, diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is one of the most devastating types of traumatic brain injury; it frequently occurs in automobile crashes. Although offering detailed anatomical structures, finite-element human head models require complete knowledge of material properties of the head and need high computational capacity. Similar to a brain injury model developed in the sagittal plane in an earlier work, an analytical model in the coronal plane is developed for brain injury study. A measure of strain for DAI prediction is presented on the basis of the two planar models. With the maximum shear strain selected as the injury indicator of DAI, the strain measure was applied to frontal and side impact tests conducted by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. The results of the crash reconstructions from the planar models were compared with the injury predictions using the head injury criterion and the SIMon finite-element head model. It shows that the simple measure of strain has the capability to predict brain injuries from automobile crashes. The maximum shear strain from the planar models can be used as a critical element to predict DAI.


From the aspect of regarding "individualized understood" of negativism literature as the value coordinate of literature, there exists a limit of the "loyalty" in Wang Meng's novels and the "conviction" in Liang Xiaosheng's novels. The vacancy of Wangmeng's loyalty and the sacrifice not being grasped by Liang Xiaosheng's conviction jointly revealed that Chinese intellectual was lack of the modern rational personality.


A notion of the generalized invariant manifold for a nonlinear integrable lattice is considered. Earlier, it has been observed that this kind of objects provide an effective tool for evaluating the recursion operators and Lax pairs. In this article we show with an example of the Volterra chain that the generalized invariant manifold can be used for constructing exact particular solutions as well. To this end we first find an invariant manifold depending on two constant parameters. Then we assume that an ordinary difference equation (ODE) defining the generalized invariant manifold has a solution polynomially depending on one of the spectral parameters and derive an ODE, for the roots of the polynomials. The efficiency of the method is approved by some illustrative examples.


Among the different types of cyber-attacks ransomware can be considered as one of the most critical attacks. Ransomware is a malicious software that encrypts and capture system files and data until payment of a ransom is delivered by the victim. Recently, there has been a series of cyber-attacks by a well-known offender called WannaCry ransomware, this entity displayed multiple dangerous ransomware intrusions. This paper will discuss on how cybercriminals bypass computer defensive system, and how WannaCry, as well as other types of ransomware, affect overall computer systems. Furthermore, reviews on preventive measures will be considered, that how businesses should counteract against ransomware attacks. This will serve as guidance to control damage in the worst-possible scenarios, i.e., when the computer system has already been infected and data has been held.


Even though release strategies have been improved, recapture rates of hatchery-reared Atlantic salmon as adults have been low in the River Eira, Norway. To evaluate whether loss of fish occurs in the river immediately after release, in the early marine phase in the fjord, or during the subsequent feeding migration at sea, 20 smolts were equipped with acoustic transmitters. The survival and movement pattern of the smolts were monitored along the 9-km-long river and during the first 37 km of the fjord migration. Only 25% of the smolts survived from release in the upper part of the river and until passing the fjord site 37 km from the river mouth. The within-river loss (15%, 3 of 20 smolts) was smaller than the marine mortality (71%, 12 of 17 smolts). The marine mortality was largest in the inner part of the fjord, with 41 % mortality during the first 3.6 km, 40% mortality during the next 6.0 km, and only 17% mortality during the last 27.5 km (i.e., 11.4%, 6.7% and 0.6% mortality per km, respectively). The data suggested that at least 9 of the 12 smolts lost in the fjord were eaten by predatory fish (i.e. 45% of the fish released in the river were lost to fish predators). Hence, our results indicate that a considerable proportion of hatchery-reared smolts released in rivers might be lost due to predation before they actually leave the fjords.


Cryopreservation of avian semen is a useful tool to preserve genetic resource for aim of preventing extinction induced by infectious disease like avian influenza. Unlike those of mammals, data from chicken cryopreserved semen has not been showed feasible results. So, various cryoprotectants and diluents have been examined in many methods. In this report, as a major ingredient of avian seminal plasm, glutamine was substituted by alanyl glutamine to enhance physiological stability of chicken semen during freezing. We studied effect of glycerol and Dimethylacetamide(DMA) on motility and progressive motility of spermatozoa using glutamine diluent(EK-G) or alanyl glutamine diluent(EK-A) condition. The semen of Ogye was collected twice a week by the dorso-abdominimal massage method and diluted with same volume of EK-G or EK-A at 25℃ and stored for 10 min at 4℃ in cold chamber. Glycerol or DMA was added to diluted semen to reached 7% of final concentration at 4℃. After 3min of equilibration, the diluted semen was packed into 0.25ml straws and subjected to cryopreservation used freezing equipment. The packed straw were placed on height 5 cm above surface of liquid nitrogen(LN2) and held for 10min. After preserved for 2 weeks, the straw was thawed onto the 4℃ cooling bath. The images of motility and progressive motility spermatozoa were recorded by digital image recorder and analyzed by manual. The results showed 68.5% motility and 34.1% progressive motility in DMA/EKA diluent, 31.45% and 17.6% in glycerol/EKA, 45.4% and 8.6% in DMA/EKG, and 9.7% and 6.4% in glycerol/EKG. With these results, the alanyl glutamine and DMA could be used as a main composition of diluent and cryoprotectant for cryopreservation of chicken semen.


Several field-collected strains of German cockroaches, Blattella germanica (L.), were tested for resistance to bendiocarb or pyrethrins or both in the presence or absence of synergists. Large nymphs were exposed to toxicants on glass surfaces. All strains tested had high-level resistance to bendiocarb: a few were highly resistant to pyrethrins. The synergists piperonyl butoxide and MGK 264, 2-(2-ethylhexyl)-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-methano-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione, both successfully negated resistance to bendiocarb and pyrethrins. Combinations of these insecticides with either synergist also effectively eliminated resistance. A commercial product (Ficam Plus) containing bendiocarb, pyrethrins, and piperonyl butoxide rendered eight bendiocarb-resistant strains susceptible. These results indicate that the resistance mechanism to both bendiocarb and pyrethrins probably may be attributed to an enhanced microsomal mixed-function oxidase system which is effectively inhibited by either synergist.


Quality of irrigation water is a critical factor for greenhouse production. A high concentration of soluble salts is the main reason for high electrical conductivity (EC) of irrigation water. The low water quality available for agriculture is the main problem in many places of the world. Plant growth-promoting bacteria are free-living soil bacteria that can help plant growth without having pathogenic effects. In the current study, three concentrations of NaCl (0, 40 and 80 mM, which resulted in EC of 1, 4 and 8 mS, respectively) were added to the irrigation water. Half of the salt-treated plants were fed with the rhizobacterium Bacillus subtilis (OD=0.6) to test whether it can reduce the problems of medium and high EC of irrigation water on lettuce plants, cultivated in Perlite medium. Growth parameters, including fresh and dry weights, leaf area, leaf number and plant height of control plants, were considerably improved by application of B. subtilis in the root medium of lettuce plants. Furthermore, the growth of plants exposed to medium and high EC was improved by the presence of B. subtilis in their rhizosphere. Polyphasic chlorophyll fluorescence transient parameters such as absorption flux, trapping flux and quantum yield for energy dissipation were decreased in plants with B. subtilis in their rhizosphere, while electron transport flux per reaction center was increased in B. subtilis-treated plants. In conclusion, B. subtilis can be used in the root medium of greenhouse plants to prevent the toxic effects of high EC of irrigation water.


Indonesia as the island nation with more than 17.000 islands the the territorial waters as one of the routes of transportation. For this condition, most of activities are conducted in marine waters, such as logistic distribution. The movement of logistics distribution will result in a movement pattern of the logistics. Determining the pattern of movement of the logistics network that can support optimal smoothness in the distribution system. In this study, determining the pattern of the logistics network is done in two stages. The first stage, to be carried out clustering using Fuzzy C-Means, clustering aims to get the island groups that are at a nearby location. The second stage after the results obtained optimal cluster, using the minimum spanning tree genetic algorithm-based hybrid will get the optimal network pattern. The pattern of the network will connect the island was chosen as the central point to the nearby islands. The results of trials on the process of clustering using FCM obtain optimal cluster number as many as three clusters. In the process of formation of the MST-based hybrid GA used parameter crossover rate and mutation rate 0.2 0.4 and obtained the best results when the minimum iteration converges toward the optimal solution. Cluster 1 obtained the best results with a population size of 100 and a maximum generation in 2000 with a fitness value is 9.41, cluster 2 with a population size of 100 and a maximum generation in 1000 with a value of fitness is 14.97 and cluster 3 with a population size of 100 and a maximum generation in 1000 with a value of fitness, namely 17.46. Kata Kunci: Logistic, Minimum Spanning Tree, Fuzzy C-means, Hybrid Genetic Algorithm


Since the Sixteenth CPC Congress,scientific development perspective of new time and new stage has been elaborated systematically together with Chinese characteristic market economy theory,which constitutes Chinese Communists' contribution to Marxist localizing in China in new era and new phase.Chinese characteristic market economy theory is the basic platform of scientific development concept,while scientific development concept is the basic development strategy of Chinese characteristic market economy.


There has been much interest recently in the discovery of new, non-oxide materials for photoelectrochemical applications. The copper hydroxyphosphate mineral libethenite, Cu2(OH)PO4 (CHP), which has a Jahn-Teller distorted structure and d 9 electron configuration, has recently been reported to display photocatalytic activity. To better understand the properties of this material, a detailed investigation of the relevant fundamental characteristics such as the flatband potential, conduction type, and band diagram was performed using electrochemical and photoelectrochemical methods on thin films deposited on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates. Density functional theory was used to calculate the band structure, effective mass of electrons and holes, and vacancy formation energies in CHP. CHP was found to be active for electrochemical water oxidation, as confirmed by quantitative O2 measurements. Possible factors behind the low photocurrents observed in linear scanning voltammetry are discussed. Better understanding of this material may lead to the development of improved catalysts and photocatalysts from natural mineral sources.


Economics has been dubbed the 'science of scarcity'. Thomas Carlyle called it the 'dismal science' and former Prime Minister Alec DouglasHome once remarked, 'There are two problems in my life. The political ones are insoluble and the economic ones are incomprehensible'. Many a clinician in today's National Health Service would doubtless share the former Prime Minister's sentiments. The discipline of economics is clearly not in danger of collapsing under the weight of popular acclaim. On the other hand, the demand for health economics insights has multiplied many times over in just a couple of decades, and not just in the UK. Economics is the academic discipline which has concerned itself most with how best to allocate an individuaI's or a society's limited resources across alternative uses. In the process it has built up some powerful but also sometimes fairly impenetrable theory, as well as a number of helpful but sometimes rather heavy empirical methods. Economics has considerable relevance to the development of health policy and the planning of health services, including those for elderly people with mental health problems. This article reviews some of its components and core contributions, and identifies some constraints on its fuller impact. Relative to needs or demands, there are too few resources. This applies to psychogeriatricians, drugs, home help hours, day centre places, hospital beds and virtually every service or professional input to the support, care or treatment of elderly people. Why is there scarcity? Consider the prevalence and treatment of dementia. Keen


Nerve growth factor (NGF) plays an important role in the regulation of the immune system. Recent studies from this laboratory demonstrated the presence of functional NGF receptors on human B lymphocytes; in addition, NGF has been shown to enhance B lymphocyte proliferation. NGF caused both concentration‐ and time‐dependent increases in tyrosine phosphorylation of five proteins of 140, 110, 85, 60 and 42 kDa, which were identified as phospholipase C‐γ1, phosphatidylinositol‐3 kinase and mitogen‐activated protein kinase. To elucidate the contribution of the Trk family of tyrosine kinases to the phosphorylation events induced by NGF, we identified gp140trk in human B cells and in human B cell lines. Analysis of specific gp140trk immunoprecipitates indicated that addition of NGF to B cells induced a rapid increase in the tyrosine phosphorylation of gp140trk and inhibition of this phosphorylation prevented the tyrosine phosphorylation of other proteins. These data identify the central role of gp140trk in NGF signaling of human B lymphocytes.


Electroencephalogram data are easily affected by artifacts, and a drift may occur during the signal acquisition process. At present, most research focuses on the automatic detection and elimination of artifacts in electrooculograms, electromyograms and electrocardiograms. However, electroencephalogram drift data, which affect the real-time performance, are mainly manually calibrated and abandoned. An emotion classification method based on 1/f fluctuation theory is proposed to classify electroencephalogram data without removing artifacts and drift data. The results show that the proposed method can still achieve a great classification accuracy of 75% in cases in which artifacts and drift data exist when using the support vector machine classifier. In addition, the real-time performance of the proposed method is guaranteed.


In basic media, the coordinated semiquinone radical in the spin-coupled [(bipy)ClV(IV)O(TCSQ)] 1 (HTCSQ = tetrachlorosemiquinone) undergoes nucleophilic ipso substitution (OH- for Cl-) to generate the chloranilate anion (CA(2-)) that bridges the vanadium(IV) centers, forming a binuclear compound [(bipy)ClV(IV)O(CA)OV(IV)Cl(bipy)] 2.


The growth rate of a magnetic field within a conducting fluid with a certain fixed kinematic velocity is an indication of the efficiency of the dynamo effect. A possible way to measure this growth rate consists of considering the maximum size of the magnetic field for all possible initial conditions and for every instant of time. Both the maximum and the minimum in time of these values are completely characterized here in terms of the numerical range and the spectrum of the induction operator for all the usual norms. Among the consequences of these results it is found that the classical bounds obtained by energy inequalities are optimal, that the maximal uniform growth rate for the energy norm essentially coincides for the magnetic field and the perturbed velocity, and that the minimal uniform growth rate for the magnetic field is precisely the classical maximal growth rate.


The present thesis made a research to evaluate fatigue crack growth rate subjecting to corrosion and cyclic fatigue loading, with the effect of load frequency on fatigue taken into account. A modified Paris' law based model is proposed. An exponential modified expression of proportional parameter account for fatigue frequency is proposed based on the obvious fact that low frequency loading will lead to long fatigue life, thus prolong interaction time between corrosion media and specimen which will favor for crack propagation. Loading frequency higher enough will shorten that time, thus influence of corrosion will be significantly weaken, close to pure mechanical fatigue. Crack growth rate prediction from proposed formula is proved to be in good agreement with experimental results for steadily extended corrosion fatigue crack.


This collection of essays examines select historical questions about the interrelationship between the sciences and Harvard University as an organizational, intellectual, and social context for science in the United States. The essays span the period from the seventeenth century to World War II.


Program overruns and delays have long been an issue within the aerospace industry. With so many external pressures from stakeholders and the continuously declining economy, aerospace manufacturers and developers are forced to concentrate effort to limit these overruns and delays. This paper introduces the development of a Value Driven Design inspired Capability Function (CF) that will ultimately be used to predict overrun and delay occurrence while also quantifying their economic impact on the program being developed. Within this paper specifically the inherent sub-variable reactions within the CF are explored and the most influential and design controllable variables identified. Upon identifying these variables an updated approximation of the CF is presented.


A sand-fixation seeding net is an integration combined by a san-fixation mesh and seeds belts, belonging to the environmental protection desert control project field. The sand-fixation mesh is conjoined by warps and woofs made of plastic ropes, and the cross knot is weaved with a spike-shaped wind prevention braid which is made of biologic materials after preservative treatment. The center of two layers of paper belts with excellent water absorbing performance is provided with plant seeds, and stuck together by water dissolved gluing material. The seeds belts are fixed on the sand-fixation mesh, and the seeds belts face to the soil and is put on the ground when used, and the seeds belts are fixed by a fixture. Because of the effect of sand-prevention and sand deposit of the spike-shaped wind prevention braid, the seeds belts can be naturally covered with soil, and the seeds germinate and grow after rainfall. The utility model is applicable to the desert control.


Information extraction is one of the main research tasks in natural language processing and text mining that extracts useful information from unstructured sentences. Information extrac ...


Metastatic breast cancer (mBC) progression and associated treatments can significantly impact the patients' quality of life (QoL). However, few studies address the patients' experience and the solutions to improve their QoL. RÉALITÉS 2 is a physicians/patients mirror survey carried out in 2020 among 57 medical doctors and 269 patients with mBC, one of which main objectives is to assess the mBC patients' QoL and healthcare. The participating physicians were invited to distribute a questionnaire to their voluntary patients. Compared with the results of the RÉALITÉS 1 survey conducted in 2015, patients declared that they have a better knowledge of their disease in 2020. Most of the patients (76%) understood they had metastasized cancer, vs. 65% during the first wave. Regarding the information provided during mBC announcement, patients were more positive in 2020. 78% of them reported that their medical doctor spent time listening them, vs. 68% in 2015. However, for 58% of the surveyed physicians, the information provided remains difficult to understand for a minority of patients. Throughout the RÉALITÉS 2 survey, patients also expressed their satisfaction with the information received about their treatment. 81% of them said they were informed about the adverse effects of treatments and 74% felt free to ask their questions, vs 71% and 66% respectively in 2015. In 2020, patients made more use of supportive care, such as social assistance (36% vs. 26% in 2015), as well as physical activity advice (18% vs. 13% in 2015). Regarding patients who did not receive supportive care, surveyed physicians explained that they were not offered in 2/3 of cases. The main adverse effects reported while taking treatments are fatigue, hair loss, pain and vomiting, mentioned respectively in 53%, 41%, 49% and 36% of cases by the patients; information confirmed by physicians. According to 82% of patients treated with chemotherapy, these adverse effects are attributable to their treatments, vs only 61% of patients receiving endocrine therapy and 66% of patients treated with targeted therapy. Physicians also believe that side effects are more frequently mentioned in patients undergoing chemotherapy. RÉALITÉS 2 survey highlights the significant improvement in terms of mBC patient support, care and disease/treatment understanding in France. However, cancer treatments remain quite impactful on mBC patients' QoL, especially for patients treated by CT. There is still room for improvement on delivering and promoting supportive care access.
 Citation Format: Jean-Sebastien Frenel, Séverine Guiu, Dominique Debiais, Isabelle Moley-Massol, Laure Gueroult-Accolas, Claudia Lefeuvre-Plesse. Analysis of knowledge, quality of life and medical management of patients with metastatic breast cancer: Results of the RÉALITÉS 2 French Survey [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-15-06.


Promoted by stannous salts, 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane reacts readily with aliphatic, aromatic, and α,β-unsaturated aldehydes giving the corresponding alcohols bearing a CF3CCl2-moiety in good to excellent yields. These alcohols are further oxidized by Jones reagent giving the corresponding ketones in high yields.


This teaching table proposal is based on data that I have collected in my classes regarding Wikipedia use. I will present this information briefly and then detail a short research assignment that I have used to help students critique online sources. I would then look forward to hearing other professors' opinions on the topic.The assignment involves the following steps by students:1. the selection of a familiar topic (to the student that is)2. the comparison of Wikipedia's entry on the subject to another source3. the analysis of the "discussion" tab attached to the Wikipedia entrya. students are ask to characterize the disagreements found on this page4. the comparison, using the "history" tab, of the first entry on the topic to the most recent version5. the creation of a student edit or addition to the Wikipedia entryWhile these steps are very easy for today's computer-savvy students to take, few have actually investigated how information is presented and edited on Wikipedia. Understanding the process contributes, I believe, to the development of a healthy skepticism regarding one's sources.


Characterization of novel, context-dependent modulators of WNT signaling in cancer Jamie N. Anastas Chair of Supervisory Committee: Professor Randall T. Moon Department of Pharmacology WNTs comprise a family of secreted proteins that play critical roles in both embryogenesis and in the etiology of human diseases such as cancer. Even after more than three decades of research, our understanding of the complex roles of various WNT signaling pathways in cancer is rudimentary at best. Just as either activating or inactivating different WNT signaling pathways results in unique consequences at different stages of animal development and in different tissues types during embryogenesis, so too do WNTs contribute to cancer progression in a context-dependent manner. The work presented in this dissertation identifies and characterizes novel modulators of WNT signaling in cancer and explores possible mechanisms of action for these signaling effectors including crosstalk with other signal transduction pathways. First, I describe a novel role for AGGF1 in colorectal cancer as a chromatin-associated enhancer of βcatenin-dependent transcription. Second, I find that the planar cell polarity protein SCRIB does


The paper deals with the climatic evolution since 22 ka BP in the Sekazhig Lake area,Tibet.By studying a 670 cm thick section of hole SZK,a great deal of paleoenvironmental information has been obtained based on the microfossil record there.The section contains plenty of ostracod fossils,but their diversity is comparatively low.The fossils comprise 8 species in 4 genera and are grouped into 8 assemblages according to their distribution in strata.Their ecological features,combined with U-series and 14C dating,reveal that the lake area has undergone several great changes in climate and environment since nearly 22 ka BP:① 22,060~15,070 a BP:the lake was shallow with low water temperatures,and the climate was cold and wet;② 15,070~12,425 a B.P.:the climate got warm and wet,and the lake was enlarged and uplifted with rising water temperatures;③ 12,425~10,010 a BP:the lake water table went down with low water temperatures again,and the climate was cold,and during the period of 11,585~10,920 a BP the climate became cold suddenly in response to the Younger Dryas cold event;④ 10,010~7550 a BP:the climate was cold and wet,and the lake was enlarged again;⑤ 7550~6730 a BP:the climate turned warm and wet,and the water temperatures kept rising;⑥ 6730~5760 a BP:the water level lowered and the climate tended to be cold and dry;⑦ 5760~4750 a BP:the climate kept cold and dry,and the lake was in the late stage of its development.


In recent years, the environmental factor has played an important role in ensuring the international competitiveness of goods. The combination of stricter environmental standards and fiercer competition in the global market forces companies to use the principles of pollution prevention and rational use of natural resources. Product prices should take into account the environmental factor of it production, as well as savings on further disposal and recycling of waste. Now consumers not only in developed countries, but also Ukrainians prefer products made of environmentally friendly raw materials. Taking advantage of high demand, such products will be able to maintain a leading position in the competition. Research confirms that countries that take into account the environmental factor and have the most stringent environmental standards are usually the most competitive. Environmental requirements are becoming an integral part of the corporate strategy of leading companies in European countries and contribute to the promotion of new products on world markets and the preservation of already won positions in the world economy. Research conducted in Ukraine shows that Ukrainian consumers also choose organic products. The article also analyzes the introduction of new low-waste and resource-saving technological processes at Ukrainian industrial enterprises in recent years, as well as the main sources of funding for environmental costs. The article presents the strategic goals of the state environmental policy, which are specified in the Basic Principles (Strategy) of the State Environmental Policy of Ukraine for the period up to 2030, the implementation of which will help achieve sustainable development. There are also strategic objectives to increase competitiveness, the solution of which will help improve the quality and competitiveness of products and their promotion in foreign markets. In general, the formation of an environmentally friendly economy in Ukraine requires increasing the role of the state with the involvement of all market instruments while actively implementing institutional transformations aimed at improving the efficiency and competitiveness of Ukrainian enterprises.


The (210) surface of ammonium perchlorate has been studied with an atomic force microscope. Unexpected surface ripples with shallow amplitudes (typically less than 3 nm) and giant wavelengths (typically between 0.5 and 1.3 μm) have been discovered. The dominant type shows a wave vector along the [001] direction, and a second type forms a pattern in which two wave vectors make an angle of ∼60° with each other. The amplitude and wavelength of the ripples are clearly correlated. Their size depends on the local surface structure, but their direction is usually keyed to the main crystalline directions. Unfortunately we have also discovered a new artifact that can produce similar images. We discuss the evidence we have gathered thus far to support the existence of the ripples in addition to that of the artifact.


Personal Financial Planning The domestic and work related responsibilities of most investors do not permit them to go deep into the intricacies of investment, insurance, finance, real estate and taxation. Common investors require investment advice that is simple, effective, easily understood and easily remembered. Few sectors are witnessing such explosive growth as the financial services sector. There is a crying need for properly trained financial advisors in India today.


Aiming at poor adaptability to illumination variation and single learning rate in traditional Gaussian mixture model, an improved moving object detection algorithm based on adaptive Gaussian mixture model is proposed in this paper, so as to achieve the goal of a self-adaptive background updating model. In this paper, we analyze the existed algorithms and put forward the method to make use of color histogram matching algorithm, through introduction of illumination variation factor and update-counter of model parameter and the components number with self-adaptive selection employed to adaptively adjust learning rate, in order to greatly reduce the computation time of the algorithm and improve the real-time performance. The experiment results show that the new method can effectively adapt the scene, and has more good expansibility, robustness and stability than traditional Gaussian mixture model.


Oil prices are regulated in virtually every developing country. Economists, oil businessmen, politicians, and bureaucrats usually have diverging views on the best price for petroleum products. Costs, government objectives, and political influences all affect energy price determination (see Figure 1). The outputs-sets of energy prices over time-influence the welfare of particular groups in society as well as, naturally, society as a whole. Some sets of prices may be more efficient than others, some may be regarded as more equitable.


Aims:  To identify the microbiota in meju, fermented cooked soya beans, that may directly affect the microbial communities of Korean fermented soya bean foods.


The time before.- A short history of the antibody problem.- The immunological scene around Kohler.- Kohler's entry into science.- The quest for monoclonal antibodies.- Cell fusion.- Kohler in Cambridge.- Back in Basel.- The patent disaster.- The time after.- The Max-Planck-Institute of Immunobiology.- Getting Kohler to Freiburg.- "Kohler's Max-Planck-Institute".- Human relations.- Post-Nobel science I.- Post-Nobel science II.- Kohler's death.- Magic bullet.- The antibody problem today - not quite solved.


This paper presents a new methodology to detect collusion in customs and applies it to Madagascar's main port. Manipulation of assignment of import declarations to inspectors is identified by detecting deviations from random assignment prescribed by official rules. Deviant declarations are more at risk of tax evasion, yet less likely to be deemed fraudulent by inspectors, who also clear them faster. An intervention in which inspector assignment was delegated to a third party validates our approach, but also triggered a novel manifestation of manipulation that perpetuated systemic corruption. Tax revenues for deviant declarations would have been 27% higher had their assignment not been tampered with.


Wine is one of the main product of the agro-food products in Italy especially for its economic importance to local and regional level. The Campania region is excellent for the production of wine especially those of value, thanks to the presence of wide known varieties of native grapes. The aim of this work is been to characterize the chemical, biochemical and microbiological properties of Coda di Volpe grapes, cultivated in two areas, the hills and flat lands of Benevento. The name Coda di Volpe means tail of the fox, which was given in reference to the varieties of long, pendulous bunches of grapes, which resembles a fox's bushy tail. The polyphenols, pH, total acidity and °Brix were determined at different stages of maturation in order to identify the optimal time for the harvest. In particular, the total polyphenols content was evaluated with Folin-Ciocalteu method, while the specific polyphenols were determined by RP-HPLC. The grapes were harvested in sterile bag, sealed, pressed and incubated at 20°C for 1 month. During the fermentation it was isolated epiphytic microflora and characterized in order to analyse the physiological, oenological and technological properties. Three different yeast strains were assayed in their oenolegical ability, these were used in experimental fermentation with Coda di Volpe must. During alcholic fermentation have been evaluated yeast population, alcoholic grade and the volatile profile by the SPME-GC/MS technique. The data obtained have highlighted their ability to conduct the fermentation process, dominate the indigenous microflora and contribute to the definition of the flavour profile.


In a commercial thin film coating shop hundreds of different substrates need to be antireflection-coated every month. These substrates are frequently made of different materials. The construction parameters of an ideal antireflection coating depend on the spectral region over which the reflectance is to be reduced and are usually different for each substrate material. This means that substrates of different materials need to be coated in separate runs.


The influence of boron oxide on physical properties of manganese slags at varying basicity was studied in the work. It was determined that variation of boron oxide concentration in slag allows to control its viscosity and conductivity holding them in the desired range. Thus, use of boron oxide would allow working at higher slag basicity creating favorable conditions for manganese oxides reduction.


By researching on error prevention and error compensation of the A/C axis Bi-Rotary milling head, this paper presents an assembling arrangement of the A/C axis Bi-Rotary milling head and a measuring compensating plan of the A/C axis rotary center. Applying these means on the trial manufacturing process of the A/C-axis Bi-Rotary milling head at SMTCL,the methods have been proved very efficient.


Introduction Pass-band Balanced Steady-State Free Precession (pbSSFP) methods are promising alternatives to Gradient-Recalled Echo Echo-Planar Imaging (GRE-EPI) for functional MRI (fMRI) studies due to advantages such as reduced signal dropout and image distortions. Although pbSSFP images exhibit banding artifacts, these artifacts can be removed by combining multiple (e.g. two) acquisitions acquired with different RF phase-cycling angles to recreate a high-signal image. However, this requires repeating two runs of the fMRI paradigm sequentially. For most neuroscientific applications, repeating runs produces confounding effects from cognitive habituation to stimuli and is not ideal. Results from a rat hypercapnia study suggests that by using RF catalyzation to alternate between two RF phase-cycling steady states, whole-brain BOLD activation from a single run of the functional paradigm is possible. This approach has been coined "alt-SSFP" . Our overall goal was to investigate these possibilities in human studies for the first time. Using human breath holding experiments to perturb BOLD signal, the objectives of our study were to show that alt-SSFP (1) recovers functional sensitivity in regions that suffer signal dropout in GRE-EPI, and (2) exhibits functional sensitivity comparable to the pbSSFP two-acquisition method, but using a single functional run. Methods Acquisition: Measurements were made on a GE Discovery MR750 3T scanner using a 32-channel head coil. A 3D multi-shot flyback EPI sequence with an echo train length of 4 was used with the following parameters: TR = 10.26 ms, FOV = 240 x 240 x 130 mm, flip angle = 30°, receiver bandwidth = ±83.3 kHz. Echo-time shifting was used to reduce ghosting artifacts. Data was acquired with an isotropic inplane resolution of 3 mm and a slice thickness of 5 mm. Each 3D volume was fourfold uniformly undersampled in the in-plane phase encode direction to achieve a volume time of less than 3 s. These images were reconstructed using GRAPPA, for which the weights were calculated from the central region of a fully encoded reference volume acquired at the beginning of the time course. This resulted in an equivalent volume time of 2.9 s, defined as the time to acquire both RF phase-cycled alt-SSFP 3D acquisitions. Ten linear ramp dummy cycles were used to catalyze the transient signal into steady state for each RF phase-cycled acquisition (see Figure 1). Slice phase-encodes were acquired centric-inward so that the center of k-space was acquired at the end of each 3D volume readout train. This scheme was used to ensure signal stability and to allow sufficient BOLD contrast to develop. Paradigm: Breath-hold paradigms were performed on 4 human subjects. Subjects performed 5 repetitions of alternating 20 s blocks of self-paced breathing and end-expiration breath holding for each run. Trial timing was cued by visual stimulus using PsychoPy. Analysis: Maximum Intensity Projection (MIP) was used to combine the alternating phase-cycling images (Fig 2). FSL was used for fMRI data statistical analysis. Activation was modeled as a boxcar function (representing the functional paradigm) convolved with a Gaussian function. A 2-sided f-test (to include frequency shifts on either sides of the transition bands) was included to detect activation, and z-scores were calculated using a cluster-level correction for multiple comparisons (z > 2.3, p < 0.05). Results and Discussion The catalyzation scheme used to transition between steady states resulted in better stability across all frequencies, reduced oscillation significantly, and, with parallel imaging acceleration, allowed the possibility to alternate between steady states within temporal resolution limits. The MIP results show that the banding artifacts were removed successfully in the raw images. The functional sensitivity of the alt-SSFP sequence was compared to conventional GRE-EPI and conventional pbSSFP two-acquisition method with the same total volume times of 3 s. Figure 3 shows that alt-SSFP (bottom) recovers functional sensitivity in susceptibility regions that suffer from signal dropout in conventional GRE-EPI (top) images. Alt-SSFP was also found to fill in signal in banding regions of the individual phase-cycled pbSSFP images. Figure 4 shows that the functional sensitivity maps of alt-SSFP (bottom) are comparable to those acquired with conventional two-acquisition pbSSFP (top), but using a single functional run with matched volume times. Conclusion We have shown that alt-SSFP allows the possibility for whole-brain fMRI in human subjects from a single functional run. Alt-SSFP may allow investigation of brain regions currently inaccessible to GRE-EPI, due to signal dropout, and two-acquisition pbSSFP, due to the requirement of repeat functional runs. References [1] Lee, et al. MRM (2008), 59:1099; [2] Patterson, et al. ISMRM (2012), p2309; [3] John, et al. ISMRM (2010), p1084; [4] Patterson, et al. ISMRM (2011), p3112; [5] Griswold, et al. MRM (2002), 47:1202; [6] Deshpande, et al. MRM (2003), 49:151; [7] Peirce, Front Neuroinform (2009), 2:10; [8] Jenkinson, et al. NeuroImage (2012), 62:782. Figure 1 Catalyzation scheme to transition from the 0° RF phasecycling steady state (0°-0°-0°-...) to the 180° RF phase-cycling steady state (180°-0°-180°-0°...). For each steady state, a complete 3D volume was acquired. Ten dummy cycles were used for RF linear flip-angle catalyzation. At the end of each phase-cycling 3D acquisition, an α/2 flip-back pulse after a full TR wait was applied, followed by gradient spoiling.


There has been some shifts about needs of the customer through the devevlopments of technology. Companies which try to adopt to those changes and find rapid and valid solutions for their costumers initiate call centers for the purpose of costumer satisfaction. Because this service has been used in the sectors of banking, media and telecommunication it has been a popular service in both domestic and global manner. In this article it is examined the impact of the issues such as working conditionss in call center, noise health problems, shifts system, workload on workers.


The present invention provides a tidal power generation, and tidal power generation module using the methods of tidal power generation module. The tidal power even when the module is in addition to the vertical movement of the vertical movement of the unit due to the ebb tide height caused by seawater still not high tide and low tide fluctuations position by gravity compressed air can be continuously generating seawater .


The conjugation of targeting ligands to iron oxide nanoparticles has achieved the development of specific assays for the detection of biomedical targets through magnetic relaxation. However, limited studies investigated how the nanoparticle valency modulates the detection response and the assays' sensitivity. Through nanoparticle valency grafting, we were able to achieve single cancer cell detection in blood, with a small-moleculecarrying multivalent nanoparticle in just 15 minutes. Although exhibiting a similar diagnostic trend, a corresponding high-valency antibodycarrying nanosensor did not achieve the same detection threshold, indicating that small molecules might be attractive probes for cancer diagnostics. Overall, these studies indicate that nanoparticle multivalency is a critical parameter in the design of robust and sensitive nanoprobes for diverse clinical and field-based applications.


The relation between identity and difference is a much discussed issue in continental philosophy. Within the phenomenological tradition several approaches to this relation stand over and against each other, among them hermeneutics and philosophies of difference. This article sketches their confrontation by choosing two "representatives," Gadamer and Levinas, and by focussing on one term that is used by both of them, namely the metaphor of the horizon. For Gadamer the horizon is an open border of a perspective that always includes other perspectives; for Levinas the horizon is an enclosure that is broken through by the Other. Both views have their strong and weak points. Finally, a third approach, the "asubjective phenomenology" of Jan Patocka, is suggested as a position that combines the strong and convincing ideas of both sides, while avoiding their problems.