Karstic terrains are usually dominated by aquifer systems and/or underground cavities. Overexploitation of groundwater in such areas often induces land subsidence and sometimes causes sinkholes. The Cheria basin in Algeria suffers from severe land subsidence issues, and this phenomenon has been increasing in recent years due to population expansion and uncontrolled groundwater exploitation. This work uses GPS data and persistent scatterer interferometry synthetic aperture radar (PS-InSAR) techniques to monitor the land subsidence rate by employing Sentinel-1 satellite data for the period from 2016 to 2022. Our results demonstrate that the Cheria basin experiences both uplift and subsidence in places, with an overall substantial change in the land surface. The total cumulative subsidence over 6 years reached a maximum of 500 mm. Comparison of land deformation between PSI and GPS showed root mean square error (RMSE) values of about 2.83 mm/year, indicating that our analyzed results are satisfactorily reproducing the actual changes. Nonetheless, these results can be used to extract the susceptible zones for vertical ground displacement and evaluate the surface deformation inventory map of the region for reducing damages (e.g., human losses, economic impact, and environmental degradation) that may occur in the future (e.g., sinkholes) and can be further utilized in perspective for a sinkhole early warning system.


There is a growing requirement to thoroughly understand the tradeoffs made in "real-world" applications where package cross sections provide insufficient planes for both desirable IO referencing and DC current delivery. Allowing minimal split crossings and using significant decoupling are widely known design-guide "solutions". It is also well known that slot crossing within any high-speed application should be avoided. This paper will perform a real-world study of current return paths on various carrier referencing structures and quantify, in terms of margin degradation, how concerning slot crossings really are and what can be done to mitigate these losses. This paper will not perform a "text-book" study of slot crossing phenomena; rather it will quantify Signal Integrity tradeoffs in modern, cross-section challenged, high-speed applications. This paper will discuss IO referencing, Signal Integrity, power distribution, decoupling, and cross-section trade-offs within an exemplary system including a high-speed memory application. Analysis will use a real-world example to quantify conventional implementation compromises and how each trade-off impacts performance, cost, design risk, and breaking points. Specifically, this paper will discuss and quantify: 1) The effect of interrupted reference planes on high-speed IO as frequency and the number of simultaneous switches varies 2) Margin degradation due to insufficient cross-sections creating mismatched driver IO and implemented reference voltages 3) Effectiveness of image return capacitors against IO referencing VCC that is not native to their driver supply


Butorphanol-Lidocaine-Ketamine and Fentanyl-Lidocaine-Ketamine constant rate infusion (CRI) protocols for pain management in small animal orthopaedic patients have not been well-documented in the literature. The present study aimed to define the optimal dosage of these combinations for CRI in dogs for pain management and its effects on physiological body parameters.


A partnership between Penn State University and a suburban high school allowed high school students to complete a calculus-based high school physics II course in mechanics and electricity/magnetism. This course was not an AP course or a traditional high school second-level course but was modeled on the dynamic physics course at Penn State. This article describes the strategies and technology tools used, data on student outcomes and achievement, and the development and implementation of the course.


NEW MATERIAL: A compound of formula I [Q is H, a (1-4C alkyl-substd.) hetero cyclic group or SR 1 (R 1 is halogen, 1-4C alkyl, etc.); Z is H or formula II (X is O or S; R 4 -R 6 are each H or 1-4C alkyl); R 7 is H, (substd.) 1-4C alkyl, etc.; R 8 is H or formula II, provided that if Z is formula II, then R 8 is H and if Z is H, then R 8 is formula II.]. EXAMPLE: 1-(5-Amino-3-morpholino-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-N-methyl- carbonothiohydrazide. USE: Drugs for prophylaxis of angina pectoris or gastric ulcer. PROCESS: A triazolyl ester of formula III {Y is H or formula IV [R 9 is (substd.) alkyl or phenyl]; R 10 is H or formula IV, provided that if Y is H, then R 10 is formula IV, and if Y is formula IV, then R 10 is H.} is reacted with a hydrazine derivative of formula V. COPYRIGHT: (C)1991,JPO


Nucleic acid aptamers are moving towards genuine competitiveness in therapeutic, diagnostic and biomaterials applications. We have introduced a major new aptamer class multivalent circular aptamers or 'captamers' that combines aptameric recognition with multitasking nucleic acid functions through the use of modular engineering principles derived from DNA nanotechnology. DNA captamers have been demonstrated in 2-, 3and 4-headed versions, focussing upon the pleiotropic activity that can be obtained by combining different functions together. Several multitasking applications are described here. Development of captamer therapeutic candidates is moving towards a practical implementation of autonomous biomolecular computing that offers the potential to create a powerful class of smart nucleic acid drugs.


According to the survey and record on biodiversity of birds in National Chebaling Nature Reserve from 1998~2000, a total of 223 species of birds belonging to 42 families, 16 orders were found and listed in the paper. In the reserve, the birds of the oriental realm account for 61.9%, the palearctic realm for 27.3% and the dispersed-species for 10.8%, showing the avifauna is mainly oriental. The reserve has a great diversity which is commented by the way of the genus level (G-index), the family level (F-index) and the G-F index which is calculated by the ratio of G-index and F-index: F-index is 27.85, G-index is 4.692, and F-G index is 0.832. As there have 13 single species (31.0%) and 29 non-single species (69.0%), the G-F index is relative higher. Among the bird's families, the F-index of the Muscicapidae (3.106), Accipitridae (2.409) and Phasianidae (2.08) is higher than that of the others'.


A simple physical low pressure discharge lamp model has been proposed in this paper. The new model is based on the physical processes inside a fluorescent lamp by considering the increasing rate of electron density and the ambipolar diffusion process. The model can accurately predict not only the lamp electrical terminal characteristics but also the electron density and electron temperature inside the fluorescent lamp. The results are comparable with the predictions from the complicated plasma models. The simple lamp model can accurately predict the lamp characteristics at both high and low operating frequencies, and the voltage spikes caused by arc reignition at each half cycle when the lamp is operated at mains frequency. This model can be easily implemented into MATLAB/Simulink as a simple, accurate and user-friendly CAD tool.


Key Word: Simulation Method, Speaking Skill.
Speaking skill is very important because it is direct communication that most needed to peoples' interaction. In English teaching and learning process, the researcher got some problem, especially in speaking skill at MTsN Pulosari. Such as, the students shame to speaking practice, limited the vocabulary, etc. The students feel that English speaking was difficulty to learn. The purpose of this study was (1) To find out how simulation method can improve students speaking skill at the second grade of MTsN Pulosari.
The subject of this research was the students of second grade of MTsN Pulosari in academic year of 2017/2018. Which consisted of 24 students. This classroom action research was conducted in two cycles. The researcher used three research instruments. They were: observation checklist, questionnaire, and test.
Based on the result of this research, the implementation of Simulation Method improve students' speaking skill at MTsN Pulosari. The result of observation checklist showed that the students became active during teaching learning process. It was seen from the result of observation checklist cycle 1 was 58%, in cycle 2 was 92%. The result of questionnaire showed that the students more get motivation with this method. It was seen from the result in cyle 1 was 54% and the cycle 2 was 84%. The test in cycle 1 showed that there was 54% who got low score under basic minimum standard was 75. Then, in cycle 2, who reached the minimum score based from KKM was 100%. The researcher concluded that the result from observation, questionnaire, and test in cycle 2 is better than cyle 1. It meant that the study had been succesful by using Simulation method.
Finnaly, the researcher give suggestion that English teachers can use Simulation method as alternative strategy in teaching speaking. The researcher hopes that the next researcher can more creative to develop this strategy to get the better result in teaching and learning process


PURPOSE: A battery capacity monitoring technique of a machine communications device is provided to determine the battery remaining amount of the machine communications device and prevent unexpected communications disconnect. CONSTITUTION: A machine communications system is activated(250). A network device transmits a monitoring request for the battery remaining amount of a machine communications device to the machine communications device(271). The machine communications device monitors the remaining capacity of a battery. The monitored remaining capacity of the battery is transmitted to the network device(272). The network device compares a received remaining capacity with the threshold of the battery(280). An administrator terminal transmits an event response if the remaining amount of the battery in the machine communications device is recovered over a critical value(282).


The proof-theoretic framework of nested sequents has been very successful in treating normal modal logics. It is used, e.g., for providing modular calculi for all the logics in the so-called modal cube, for tense logics, as well as for modal logics based on propositional intuitionistic logic [2, 5, 9, 11]. The success of this framework might be due to the fact that it provides an ideal meeting point between syntax and semantics: On the one hand, nested sequents can be seen as purely syntactic extensions of the sequent framework with a structural connective corresponding to the modal box. On the other hand, due to the inherent similarity of the underlying tree structure to Kripke models, the nested sequent framework lends itself to very direct methods of countermodel construction from failed proof search by essentially reading off the model from a saturated and unprovable nested sequent. However the full power and flexibility of this framework so far has not yet been harnessed in the context of non-normal modal logics. While a first attempt at obtaining nested sequent calculi for non-normal modal logics indeed yielded modular calculi for a reasonably large class of non-normal modal logics by decomposing standard sequent rules [7, 8], the obtained calculi were not shown to inhibit the analogous central spot between syntax and semantics for these logics. In particular, no formula interpretation of the nested sequents was provided, and the calculi were not used to obtain countermodels from failed proof search. Here we propose an approach to rectify this situation by considering bimodal versions of the non-normal modal logics. Such logics seem to have been considered originally in [1] in the form of ability logics, but their usefulness extends far beyond this particular interpretation. The main idea is that the neighbourhood semantics of non-normal monotone modal logics naturally gives rise to a second modality, which conveniently is normal. Here we concentrate on one of the most fundamental non-normal modal logics, monotone modal logic M [3, 4, 10], and present a nested sequent calculus for its bimodal version. Notably, the nested sequents have a formula interpretation in the bimodal language, and the calculus facilitates the construction of countermodels from failed proof search in a slightly modified version. An additional benefit is that the calculus conservatively extends both the standard nested sequent calculus for normal modal K from [2, 11] and the nested sequent calculus for monotone modal logic M from [7, 8].


Procedures are formulated using the Hilbert transform for interpreting vertical magnetic anomalies of (1) the sheets (finite and infinite depth extent), (2) the dike, and (3) the horizontal circular cylinder. The applicability of the method is tested on theoretical models. The method is also applied on the well‐known Kursk field anomaly of a sheet (infinite‐depth extent) and the field anomaly of a dike of Karimnagar, Andhra Pradesh, India.


A q‐rung orthopair uncertain linguistic set can be served as an extension of an uncertain linguistic set (ULS) and a q‐rung orthopair fuzzy set, which can also be treated as a generalized form of the existing intuitionistic ULS and Pythagorean ULS. The new linguistic set uses the uncertain linguistic variable to express the qualitative evaluation information and allows decision makers to provide their true views freely in a larger membership grade space. In this paper, we investigate the Bonferroni mean under the q‐rung orthopair uncertain linguistic environment, then we propose the q‐rung orthopair uncertain linguistic Bonferroni mean and its weighted form. Furthermore, considering the specific partition pattern among the attributes, the q‐rung orthopair uncertain linguistic partitioned Bonferroni mean and its weighted form are developed. Meanwhile, we discuss several representative cases and attractive properties of our proposed operators in depth. Subsequently, a novel multi‐attribute decision‐making method is developed based on the above‐mentioned aggregation operators. In the end, a comprehensible case is performed to analyze the superiority of the developed method by comparing with other typical studies.


SINCE the introduction of electrical shock treatment as a means of combating psychiatric disorders, great interest has been manifested in the brain changes which occur as the result of treatments by this method. Suf ficient time has transpired so that it is possible now to evaluate the results of experimental and clinical reports. For this reason, it has seemed desirable to review crit ically the brain findings in experimentally produced elec trical shock, as well as in the human wherever this has been possible. A survey of recent reports relative to this problem· would lead one to believe that the matter is settled and that there is nothing further to be said. There are differences of opinion, however; but even if the matter is settled, it is well for us to recognize that this is so, in a problem which was not so long ago, quite controversial. Moreover, electrical shock treatment is a severe shaking-up process, the prescription of which should not be ordered lightly, despite its efficacy in some forms of psychosis. Recognition of what occurs in the brain during the course of shock treatment may well make us pause before adding injury to insult too pro miscuously in the course of shock treatment. Though the method has been used widely in the treatment of psychiatric disorders, it has not been without its op ponents who look with horror on its use and who regard it as an insult to the nervous system. With these few words of apology, let us proceed to a review of the record in the problem of the brain changes in electrical shock treatment.


Good forest management activity needs an accurate and precise management
plan in order to ensure forest sustainability, both for yield (timber productivity) and
forest ecology. To identity the quantity forest product needs tree volume estimation
instrument. This study was there for conducted for building volume equations and
thinning volume table for teakwood on BH Banglean, KPH Randublatung Perum
Perhutani Unit I Central Java.
This research has two equations which were equations with an independent
variable (dbh) using Berkhout V=I±(D)
b
model and estimated volume equation with
two independent variable (dbh-h) using Schumacher Hall V=I±(D)
b
(h)
c
model.
Equation modeling was performed using the data of 190 trees and 95 trees to validate
the equation model. Result one stimated volume equation would be examined for its
model acceptance equation using following criteria: coefficient of determination (R
2
),
adjusted R square (Radj
2
), t test and F test signification. Validation test was test in
accordance with criteria of aggregate deviation (SA) and mean deviation (SR).
Validated equation was used to compose the volume table.
Berkhout model equation compilation was V=3.4x10
-5
(Dbh)
2.782
with
coefficient of determination with value (R
2
) of 0.986 and Radj
2
=0.971 with value of
SA=1% and SR=9.07%. Schumacher hall model of estimated volume equation was
V=7.53x10
-5
(dbh)
2.256
(h)
0.364
with coefficient of determination value of (R
2
)=0.989
and Radj
2
=0.978 with value of SA=0.6% and SR=1.08%. Based on through both
equations it could be concluded that equation with one variable was more practical,
biside adding high variable had a small contribution in estimated volume equation.


Objective: To provide anatomical basis for allogeneic vascular humeral transplantation. Methods: The origins,distributions,lengths and calibers of nutrient vessels of the humeri and their superior epiphysis were observed on 40 sides of adult cadaveric specimens,which were injected with red latex in arteries.The nutrient foramen of the humeri and their superior epiphysis were observed on 50 sides of adult dry bones.Results:There were 7.7±2.0(4~12) nutrient foramens around surgical neck on the superior epiphysis of humerus,the nutrient vessels originated from the anterior circumflex humeral artery and posterior circumflex humeral artery.There were 1~3 nutrient foramens on the anterior internal of humeral median,it was (11.7±2.2) cm(6.5~17.0 cm) from these foramens to medial epicondyle,and these nutrient arteries originated from humeral arteries,their length was (2.6±0.7) cm(1.5~5.0 cm) and their diameter was (1.3±0.6) mm(0.8~2.2 mm).Conclusions:The superior epiphysis of humerus can graft with anterior circumflex humeral vessel,the humeral diaphysis can graft with deep humeral vessel,the humeral nutrient vessel in case of necessity choice.


The process of building a new database relevant to some field of study in biomedicine involves transforming, integrating, and cleansing multiple data sources, as well as adding new material and annotations. We review in this chapter some of the requirements and technologies relevant to this data integration problem. Section 1. We begin with a detailed account of the motivations and requirements for a general integration system for biological data. We also discuss the motivations and requirements for locally warehousing such data. Section 2. Then we review some representative technologies for data integration in biological and medical research. Section 3. Following that, we highlight some of the features that distinguish the more general data integration technologies from the more specialized ones. The features considered include data model, data exchange format, query capability, warehousing capability, and application programming interface. Section 4. Lastly, we compare the surveyed technologies and comment on selecting such technologies. We also briefly discuss TAMBIS and the semantics aspect of data integration. In a dynamic heterogeneous environment such as that of bioinformatics, many different databases and software systems are used. A large proportion of these databases were designed and built by biologists. When these databases were first created, the amount of data was small and it was important that the database entries were human readable. Database entries were therefore often created as flat 375


MOTIVATION
Cell fate decisions have a strong stochastic component. The identification of the underlying mechanisms therefore requires a rigorous statistical analysis of large ensembles of single cells that were tracked and phenotyped over time.

RESULTS
We introduce a probabilistic framework for testing elementary hypotheses on dynamic cell behavior using time-lapse cell-imaging data. Factor graphs, probabilistic graphical models, are used to properly account for cell lineage and cell phenotype information. Our model is applied to time-lapse movies of murine granulocyte-macrophage progenitor (GMP) cells. It decides between competing hypotheses on the mechanisms of their differentiation. Our results theoretically substantiate previous experimental observations that lineage instruction, not selection is the cause for the differentiation of GMP cells into mature monocytes or neutrophil granulocytes.

AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION
The Matlab source code is available at http://treschgroup.de/Genealogies.html.


Proper constant improvement of speech culture of the students of forestry institution are substantiated in the article. Typical speech errors are analyzed. The system of exercises for mastering of accentual, lexical, grammatical, stylistic, and other standards of the modern Ukrainian literary language are presented. The main tendencies of regulation of the students' speech culture are described.


Sodium single-ion poly(ether urethane)/sulfonated polyether blends based on the synthesis of a series of poly(ethylene oxide)s with sodium sulfonate side chains (SPEO) with different molecular weights were prepared and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and complex impedance analysis. The results showed that the molecular weight and content of SPEO significantly influenced the compatibility between the hard and soft segments of polyurethane (PU), the glass-transition temperature, and the ionic conductivities of PU/SPEO complexes. The glass-transition temperature of the system obviously decreased and the ionic conductivities of PU/SPEO complexes progressively increased with an increase in the SPEO content. In a certain range of temperatures, the ionic conductivities of PU/SPEO complexes agreed with an Arrhenius equation. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 2369–2373, 2003


Cinema as a means of communication does not have sufficient direct interactivity, bright audiovisual means of cinema have a suggestive effect on the viewer, making cinema an influential means of promoting ideas and values. Postmodern culture is characterized by the rejection of authority, the denial of cultural norms and traditions. The problem of preserving traditional spiritual and moral values becomes relevant in the context of the global civilizational crisis. The article deals with insufficiently studied issues of the embodiment and evolution of the idea of humanism in the European and Iranian cultural traditions. It is shown that the Islamic concept of humanism, humanity is based on religiosity. The content and value aspects of the movies of the leading directors of modern Iranian cinema (M. Majidi, A. Farhadi, R. Mirkarimi) are analyzed in this context. The connection between the state policy in the field of culture and the vector direction in the development of Iranian cinematography, which is the dissemination of ideas and values of humanism, is traced. The article may be of interest to researchers of the history of cinema, culturologists, managers in the field of culture.


The paper includes data on characteristic structure of flora and vegetation of the northern low and mid elevations of the Altai, which are most developed in agricultural respect and are under intensive anthropogenic influence. The territory under description has boarders of two geobotanic districts low elevations of the Northern Altai and taiga mountainous Preteletsky district. All these factors combined influence the variety, structure and state of the vegetation, its heterogeneity, diversity and degree of destruction.


This paper traces the origins of the recently adopted general services directives of the European Union, and addresses the question why such an important piece of internal market legislation was adopted so recently, and anyway well after the 1992 deadline for the completion of the internal market. It argues that piecemeal liberalisation of services has occurred on a regular basis ever since 1992. For each of those specific service directives, the EU institutions decided on the appropriate regulatory mix between liberalisation and targeted harmonisation. This regulatory mix was largely abandoned in the Commission's original proposal to introduce the country-of-origin principle across all services covered by the directive. It is argued in this paper that this regulatory shift was ill-advised and explains the strong political resistance which the original 'Bolkestein' draft encountered from the side of other political and civil society actors, leading to a rather different outcome in the final version of the directive.


We theoretically study the high-order harmonic generation (HHG) from Rydberg hydrogen atom driven by a mid-infrared linearly polarized chirped laser pulse. It is shown that the high-order harmonic spectrum demonstrates an excessive high-yield broad-band supercontinuum. Based on the analyses of quantum-mechanical and classical models, it is found that the enhancement is caused by the motion of the Rydberg electron perpendicular to the polarization direction of the chirped laser pulse, which is induced by the attraction of the nucleus and initial orbital velocity of the Rydberg electron. This mechanism is different from the previous study (Chen et al 2015 Phys. Rev. A 91 043403), in which the motion of the Rydberg electron perpendicular to the polarization direction has little contribution to HHG.


DEFINITION Consists of gallotannins obtained by solvent extraction from certain natural sources; the substance is not an acid in the chemical sense. The common name "Tannic acid" has been adopted to distinguish the commercial substance from other tannins, such as condensed tannins. These specifications relate only to hydrolysable gallotannins, i.e., those which yield gallic acid on hydrolysis. These specifications do not apply to many other kinds of tannins which occur in nature, including condensed (nonhydrolysable) tannins and hydrolysable ellagitannins. Hydrolysable gallotannins may be obtained from nutgalls, the excrescences which form on young twigs of various Quercus species, e.g., Q. infectoria; these include Chinese and Aleppo tannins. They may also be obtained from various Sumac species, e.g. Rhus corieria, R. galabra, R. thypia; these include Sicilian and American sumacs. All of these consist essentially of polydigalloyl esters of glucose. A further source of hydrolysable gallotannins is the seed pods of Tara (Caesalpinia spinosa); these tannins consist essentially of the polydigalloyl esters of quinic acid.


To evaluate the cardiac effects and anti diabetic activity of extracts derived from the leaves of Ocimum tenuiflorum , Ocimum sanctum (also Sri tulsi, krishna tulsi), stem of Cissus quadrangularis ( Nalleru), leaves of Trachyspermum ammi (Vamu), Azadirachta indica A. (Neem flowers) and flowers of Alangium salvifolium. The leaves of Ocimum tenuiflorum, Ocimum sanctum (also Sri tulsi, krishna tulsi), stem of Cissus quadrangularis (Nalleru), leaves of Trachyspermum ammi (Vamu), Azadirachta indica A. (Neem flowers) and flowers of Alangium salvifolium were extracted with Frog ringer's solution.. The extracts were screened for their effects on frog-heart in situ preparation. The extracts produced significant positive ionotropic and negative chronotropic actions on frog heart. The leaves of Ocimum tenuiflorum exhibited more cardiotonic and cardiac stimulant effect than other plants. The extraction of flowers of Alangium salvifolium exhibited anti diabetic principles.


Recent studies have demonstrated the possibility to uphold classical determinism within gravitational singularities, showcasing the ability to uniquely extend Einstein's equations across the singularity in certain symmetry-reduced models. This extension can be achieved by allowing the orientation of spatial hypersurfaces to dynamically change. Furthermore, a crucial aspect of the analysis revolves around the formulation of the dynamical equations in terms of physical degrees of freedom, demonstrating their regularity at the singularity. Remarkably, singular behavior is found to be confined solely to the gauge/unphysical degrees of freedom. This paper extends these results to gravity coupled with Abelian and non-Abelian gauge fields in a symmetry-reduced model (homogeneous anisotropic universe). Near the Big Bang, the dynamics of the geometry and the gauge fields is reformulated in a way that shows that determinism is preserved, assuming a change in orientation at the singularity. The gauge fields are demonstrated to maintain their orientation throughout the singularity, indicating that the predicted orientation change of spatial hypersurfaces holds physical significance. This observation suggests that an observer can discern the specific side of the Big Bang they inhabit.


As part of the Ozone Transport and Assessment Group (OTAG) regional ozone modeling effort in 1995, the Emissions Modeling System (EMS-95) was modified to generate emission input files for use in the Regional Oxidant Model (ROM). Prior to this effort, all ROM emissions had been generated using the Flexible Regional Emissions Data System (FREDS), which was developed under the 1985 National Acid Precipitation and Assessment Program (NAPAP). The development of the EMS-95 system included several new features for emissions processing associated with needs for photochemical modeling. To evaluate the benefit of the EMS-95 system, a comparison of FREDS and EMS-95 was performed based on the 1988 U.S. EPA Interim Regional Emission Inventory for the first three days of July 1988. The comparison involved examining point, area and mobile source emissions estimates processed through both emissions modeling systems. At various stages of processing, the emissions estimates were compared to evaluate the differences in system methodologies associated with the application of temporal, spatial and speciation factors to the 1988 inventory. Differences based on internal code methodologies as well as supporting reference data files were evaluated. The results of this comparison will be used to quantity the differences between previous ROM modeling andmore » the current OTAG modeling efforts and to evaluate the potential for replacing FREDS with EMS-95.« less


OBJECTIVES
To describe the pediatric interview as it is conducted in different practice settings and with children ranging in age from infancy to adolescence, and to identify pediatric history-taking strategies that varied across age groups.

PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS
A self-administered survey was designed and mailed to a group of pediatricians in the Chicago metropolitan area to assess commonly used strategies in the pediatric interview across varied patient ages and settings. The pediatricians sampled varied by geographic location as well as by practice setting.

RESULTS
Results of the survey indicated that pediatricians use common strategies for establishing rapport, calming the disruptive child, and obtaining information from the child within particular age groups, but vary these strategies as the child matures.

CONCLUSIONS
The findings substantiate the influence of the developmental stage of the child on interview strategies used by pediatricians. Implications pertaining to development of a standardized teaching curriculum for the pediatric interview are also discussed.


Forest soil preparation is one of the basic qualities of forest restoration. Forest soil preparation is a big range of soil-preparation machinery and accessories range. Forest soil preparation not always is done in high quality. Soil preparation quality affects afforestation and forest growing process in future. In this preparing risk assessment in forest soil preparation process is needed.


The occupied, exiled and displaced people of Kashmir are at war for liberation from foreign Indian occupants since the day when ruling non Muslim Monarch of Kashmir sold the 77% Muslim Kashmiri population to India after the subdivision of subcontinent and that is ruling occupied Kashmir with the help of a puppet regime providing a room for the prevalence of ethnocentric bias hypothesis contrary to the findings by (Antonio, Robert 2007) and close to the findings by (SILOVE 1999) suggesting that 'torture' and human rights 'violations' can effect human being and in the existing mental state of the people of Kashmir 'conversational analysis' needs to be based on assumption about the prevalence of ethnocentric hypothesis bias within Kashmiris pro liberation and puppet regime instead of Kashmiris and out groups in case of 'implicature'' anthimeria' 'hyperbole' irony' and other allied linguistic areas.


The cobalt carbonyl complex modified by α, ω-bis(diphenylphosphino) alkane (PCnP, n=2 or 3) was an effective catalyst for the N-alkylation of morpholine by carbonyl compounds, in which carbon monox...


】 Objective This study aims to explore the effectiveness of scenario simulation teaching and training methods under the integrated medical and nursing mode in the training of elderly nursing staff. Methods 72 elderly care workers recruited from February 2022 to February 2023 were selected and provided with nursing training. They were divided into a control group (36 cases, using conventional teaching methods) and an experimental group (36 cases, using scenario simulation teaching methods under the integrated medical and nursing mode) by using a random number table method. Compare the practical operation ability and theoretical assessment results of two groups of elderly nursing staff. Results The practical operation ability and theoretical assessment scores of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group, with statistical significance (P<0.05). Conclusion Scenario simulation teaching and training is an effective method to improve the training effect and comprehensive quality of elderly care workers, and promote the development of medical and elderly care integration model.


1 The effect of inhibition of nitric oxide synthase by NG‐nitro‐l‐arginine methyl ester (l‐NAME) on nerve stimulation‐induced vasodilatation in corpora cavernosa was studied in the pithed rat. Corporal vasodilatation was estimated by the increase in ratio (corpora cavernosal pressure/systemic blood pressure; CP/BP) following electrical stimulation of the sacral part of the spinal cord. 2 l‐NAME (2, 5, 10 and 25 mg kg−1) caused an increase in BP and a dose‐dependent inhibition of the rise in the CP/BP ratio following stimulation. 3 The inhibitory effect of l‐NAME (25 mg kg−1) on the corporal response to spinal cord stimulation, as well as the pressor response, was partially prevented by prior administration of l‐ but not d‐arginine (400 mg kg−1, i.v.). 4 l‐NAME (20 mg kg−1, i.v.) did not inhibit the rise in corporal pressure resulting from direct intracavernosal administration of papaverine (400 μg over 2 min). However, this response was inhibited by 5‐hydroxytryptamine (20 μg kg−1, i.v.). 5 The results are indicative of a role of nitric oxide (NO) in the corporal vasodilator response to erectile stimulation.


natural daylight in oasis houses. More specifically, the goal is to know how the courtyard can contribute to achieve a satisfaction Oasis houses are known for their sensitive architectural response to the region's climatic conditions and socio-cultural norms. Courtyard is one of the invariants in oasis architectural forms that contributed in determining climatic, physical and psychological interior environment. Given its effectiveness as an interior micro climatic regulatory element, the daylight behavior of the courtyard in this type of houses is one of the most important passive strategies that can affect the nature of activities and the use of space in a daily manner, Without having to use the interior spaces to do various tasks. In this respect, this article presents an experimental study carried out to clarify the impact of the courtyard on visual efficiency of oasis houses located in the city of M'chouneche (Biskra), using simulation software on model of a real house. The simulation process was carried out at solstice days and spring equinox, taking into account the climatic data of the city of M'chouneche. The experimental results confirm that the obtained quantity of daylight in the most of interior spaces no matter it is not compatible with the required values, gives certain balance with the life style of occupant and the use of courtyard its self.


The effect of the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone (DXM) on the secretion by human monocytes of alternative complement proteins C3, factor B and factor H was investigated. Results indicated that DXM modulates this secretion in a direction which would be consistent with its anti‐inflammatory properties. DXM, at therapeutic concentrations, had a suppressive effect on C3 and factor B secretion and a stimulatory effect on factor H secretion by monocytes. This differential modulation on C3, factor B and factor H secretion was similar in mature macrophages. Together with previous studies showing that DXM had a suppressive effect on C3 and factor B secretion and a stimulatory effect on factor H secretion by human endothelial cells, our results indicate that DXM appears to have the general property of regulating local production of complement components so as to control complement activation.


TiO 2 (anatase) powder irradiated by near-UV light was used for carrying out the ethanol oxidation in gas phase. The reactivity experiments, performed at atmospheric pressure and low temperature, were carried out in a continuous annular photoreactor of Pyrex glass whose internal surfaces were covered by a thin layer of photocatalyst. The influence on the photoreactivity of the following operative parameters: gas flow rate, amount of catalyst, ethanol concentration, oxygen concentration, and presence of water in the reacting mixture was investigated. A Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics well expresses the dependence of the ethanol degradation rate on the ethanol and oxygen concentration. The presence of water does not affect the photoreactivity. The absence of catalyst deactivation during the photoprocess was also checked. The main product of ethanol photooxidation was acetaldehyde; the mass balance of reacted ethanol was closed by small amounts of formaldehyde and carbon dioxide.


The clinical need for better treatments as well as the significant progress in understanding the pathophysiology of inflammation on one hand, and the progressive development of biotechnology on the other, were the driving force for the emergence of new treatments for autoimmune disorders at the beginning of the 21st century, heralding the 'age of biologic response modifying agents' or biologics. This new class of drugs, although in use for just over a decade, has revolutionized the treatment of many inflammatory disorders, such as rheumatic, connective tissue disorders, autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. They have already made an immense impact on the quality of life of patients experiencing many years of combined immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory treatments for chronic and often debilitating diseases. As these drugs were developed with the aim of altering specific components in the immune system function and, in particular, the inflammatory response, it is not surprising that infectious comp...


This film is an excerpt from "The Middleton Family At the New York World's Fair" and features a demonstration of Elektro, a robot built by Westinghouse.


This study sought to observe systematic relationships through taximetrical analyses by morphological characters among the 10 species, on three species in the virilis section (D. virilis, D. tsigana and D. lacertosa) and seven species in the quinaria section (D. angularis, D. brachvnephros, D. curvispina, D. kuntzei, D. nigromaculata, D. takadai and D. unispina) of the subgenus Drosophila. In the cluster and the cladistic analysis among the members of subgenus Drosophila, 10 species was divided into the 1st group of D. virilis, D. tsigana, and D. lacertosa and the 2nd group of D. angularis, D. brachynephros, D. curvispina, D. kuntzei, D. nigromaculata, D. takadai, and D. unispina. In cluster analysis, the 2nd group had three sister groups; one sister group that clustered D. angularis and D. brachynephros then D. unispina was clustered to them, another sister group clustered D, curvispina and D. takadai then D. kuntzei was clustered to them and the other sister group of D. nigromaculata. In the 10 species, D. virilis and D. lacertosa were the first to be divided and then D. tsigana. Although 1st group which D. virilis was belonged can be determined as more primitive than the 2nd group, it seemed that this group was not the direct ancestor of the 2nd group, rather there should be another ancestor. Among the quinaria species group, D. nigromaculata was the first to be divided and D. kuntzei was the most recent species to be divided.


At a March 2012 session in Calgary on legal liability related to expanded scope of practice, numerous pharmacists vehemently criticized the Alberta government for implementing, on July 1, 2012, payment to pharmacists for renewing prescriptions. The pharmacists were not criticizing the amount of the fee but, rather, the fact that they would have to perform the activity (i.e., renew prescriptions) to keep any clients who might ask for this service and also the fact that pharmacists would have to comply with standards of practice for this activity. Imagine pharmacists prescribing and being paid, by the government, to do so! This scenario was unimaginable when I graduated in 1977. Both clinical pharmacy in general and pharmacists making recommendations for prescription changes were emerging concepts at that time. Pharmacist prescribing still seemed an impossible dream in the early 2000s when I and other pharmacists in Alberta strongly advocated for pharmacists to be given independent prescribing privileges through legislation. Pharmacists had been prescribing dependently for decades, both formally (e.g., through therapeutic substitution and other hospital-based policies) and informally (e.g., in the community, through agreements with physicians). I wrote background papers for the Alberta College of Pharmacists, participated in working groups, lobbied politicians and government officials, and spent most of my free time trying to convince fellow pharmacists that this expanded scope of practice was essential for the profession to grow, and even for the profession to survive. I did not think it would happen in my lifetime, but on April 1, 2007, Alberta pharmacists gained authorization to independently prescribe drugs. It has been over 5 years since that "miracle" occurred, yet the uptake of prescribing by pharmacists has been very limited, even with payment for services. In addition to having authorization to adapt prescriptions and prescribe in emergencies, Alberta pharmacists can also apply to the Alberta College of Pharmacists to obtain "additional prescribing authorization", which allows them to initiate therapy. However, of the almost 4300 practising pharmacists registered with the Alberta College of Pharmacists as of February 29, 2012, only 155 had additional prescribing authori zation, most of them in community-based practices. I find this very disappointing, in terms of both the overall number of pharmacists and the relative dearth from hospital practice. This expanded scope of practice would have been extremely useful when I was in hospital practice, which is why I advocated for independent pharmacist prescribing. The current lack of interest shown by hospital pharmacists is not surprising to me, as only 2 of the 9 regional health authorities endorsed pharmacist prescribing before the 2008 merger that created the provincial agency, Alberta Health Services. Around that time, I talked with a hospital-based pharmacist whose clinical practice I admired. He was applying for the additional prescribing authorization, but only because his hospital had made it mandatory for his position. He greatly resented the application process as too much extra, unnecessary work, given that he had been doing drug therapy management for years, without this official recognition. What he failed to recognize was that the status quo would not be in compliance with the new legislation. Alberta Health Services supports pharmacist prescribing and has made additional prescribing authorization a requirement for many positions, and many pharmacists in primary care networks and family care clinics are now obtaining this authorization. When examining the acceptance of prescribing by pharmacists, I find it useful to compare pharmacists' attitudes with those of nurse practitioners who have received prescriptive authority, often earlier than pharmacists. In most jurisdictions, nurse practitioners have a broader scope of practice as it pertains to prescribing drugs than do pharmacists. For example, they will soon be able to prescribe narcotics and controlled drugs. I have


Professor Herford divides the Volksbücher of Fortunatas into the Frankfurt and the Augsburg groups. The Augsburg editions, he points out, have ungermanized names and slightly more copious incident. He says further: "All the known editions of the Volksbuch contain substantially the same story. From the first German edition, published at Augsburg in 1509, and its numerous German successors, to the Dutch, English, and Danish versions of the seventeenth century, the story everywhere unfolds itself in the same elaborate disorder, varying only in quantity of descriptive detail, or at most, in the omission or inclusion of some trifling episode." With this conclusion Harms agrees; and I have found no reason to dispute this classification, and can only emphasize the trifling nature of the differences of the two groups and the extremely close agreement of texts within the same group. I make this statement after examining all the editions of the Volksbuch available in the Royal Library at Berlin, such additional ones as were obtainable through the aid of the Auskunftsbureau der deutschen Bibliotheken (which has the coöperation of three hundred German libraries), the British Museum, and the following libraries at Paris: the Library of the Sorbonne, the Bibliothèque Nationale, the Bibliothèque de l'Arsenal, and the Bibliothèque de St. Geneviève. I found, however, one version in prose narrative form which presents a very free and clumsy adaptation of the conventional material of the Volksbuch, namely, Fortunatus mit seinem Seckel und Wunschhütlein, eine alte Geschichte für neue Zeiten, Frankfurt und Leipzig, 1787 (British Museum). The variations from the type found here do not correspond to those in Uhland's work. We must seek some other free adaptation of the conventional form, if we would find a source for Uhland's changes.


We treat baryons as solifons and compute static properties of them in a SU(2)×SU(2) non-linear σ model which contains only a sixth-order term to stabilize solitons. The prediction values in this model are better than that in the Skyrme model, especially the pion decay constant F_π and the axial coupling constant g_A.


The work was created with the desire to point out the problem of peer violence among deaf and hard of hearing students. Due to their specific characteristics created under the influence of hearing impairment, deaf and hard of hearing students are exposed to a greater risk of peer violence compared to their hearing peers. The aim of the paper is to analyze the available literature from years 2002-2022 and determine whether deaf and hard-of-hearing students are exposed to peer violence and what its nature is. The following search engines were used to search the literature: Ebscohost, ScienceDirect,, KoBSON, Google Scholar. The results of the literature review show that deaf and hard of hearing students are exposed to peer violence and that the frequency of peer violence is higher among deaf and hard of hearing students compared to their hearing peers. Deaf and hard of hearing students are more often exposed to traditional forms of violence than to cyberbullyng. Research also shows that the frequency of peer violence is higher in special than in regular schools. As due to the nature of their communication and social functioning, deaf and hard of hearing students are actually not always able to recognize and report peer violence, the question arises of the actual level of frequency of peer violence among these students. The problem of peer violence among deaf and hard of hearing students indicates the need to develop programs for the prevention and stopping peer violence that will be adapted to deaf and hard of hearing students.


Objective To evaluate the prognostic significance of total number of nodes(pNtot) dissected in node-negative breast cancer.Methods The survival rate and prognosis factors of 138 patients with node-negative breast cancer,who had complete follow-up data,were retrospectively assessed by Kaplan-Meier analysis and multivariate regression analysis.Results The follow-up period of 138 patients ranged from 33-96 months(median 89 months).The 5-year overall survival rate was 93.5%,the rate of disease-free survival was 80.1%.Univariate analysis demonstrated that the pNtot influenced significantly the survival time(Log-rank χ2=6.24,P0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that the pNtot was an independent prognostic factor for patients with node-negative breast cancer(P=0.025).Conclusion The number of axillary lymph node removed is an independent prognostic factor for node-negative breast cancer,which can reflect the thoroughness of the regional lymph node dissection in mastectomy.


This paper was written for the 2005 conference, Winners and Losers from Rights-based Approaches to Development, and draws from the authors` field experience of working with a range of NGOs that incorporate rights into their development activities. In particular it uses case study material from ActionAid International (AAI), an NGO that has been undertaking a shift in its strategies and operations over the last 5 years in order to integrate a rights-based perspective into its work. The paper explores both the benefits and challenges that this approach can bring when focused on strengthening the voice and power of marginalised sectors of society.


Based on many field trials and soil available sulfur tested for years,the effectiveness of sulfur to main grain and economy crops was tested and soil available sulfur critical index was determined in cultivated soils in Fujian. The results obtained from 64 field trials showed that the yield increased 10.5% of in main crops as sulfur was applied (dryland crop rice banana). Soil available sulfur critical indices of paddy and dryland soils were 23mg kg-1 and 25mg kg-1 respectively. Average available sulfur was 27.6mg kg-1 in 372 cultivated soil samples 57.0% of soil samples were under the soil available sulfur critical index. Soil available sulfur in dryland normally was less than that in paddy field And 75.3% of the dryland soils were under critical index Soil available sulfur content of paddy soil in seashore was higher than that of gray sandy soil. Soil available sulfur content of gray red soil was higher than that of sandy soil in dryland.


The invention relates to a method of interference-aware resource assignment D2D and apparatus. According to the present invention, in the base station and the interference that the base of the D2D resource allocation by the base station in the cellular system comprises a plurality of cellular terminals and a plurality of D2D terminal present in the cell under the jurisdiction of the base station, D2D received resource scheduling in the terminal to store the steps of: receiving the information and the information of the search point in the least amount of interference of resource blocks obtained by the resource discovery from the D2D receiving terminal, assignment information of resource blocks in time by the cellular terminal from the information, comprising: obtaining the information of the cellular terminal a corresponding one of the plurality of the cellular terminal in the received resource block and the search time, and using the resource scheduling information corresponding to the cellular terminal with the obtained, the frequency of the cellular terminal allocating resources at the same time to the D2D receiving terminal and the transmitting terminal D2D Provides a D2D resource allocation method comprising the steps: According to the D2D resource allocation method and apparatus, the base station receives feedback optimal cellular resources based on whether the interference from D2D terminal as scheduling the resource of the D2D terminal to use the cellular terminal and the same resource, based on this, the dynamically changing the cellular terminal D2D resources can be shared effectively and has the advantage that you can minimize the impact of interference.


We propose a scheme for generating bipartite and multipartite entangled squeezed states via the Jaynes-Cummings model with large detuning. Bipartite entanglement of these entangled states is quantified by the concurrence. We also use the N-tangle to compute multipartite entanglement of these multipartite entangled squeezed states. Finally we discuss two limiting cases which arise from r→∞ and r→0, in which the multipartite entangled squeezed state reduces correspondingly into an N-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state and an N-qubit W state.


Isoflurane and propofol are known to depress cardiac contraction, but the molecular mechanisms involved are not known. In this study, we determined whether decreasing myofilament Ca2+ responsiveness underlies anesthesia‐induced depression of contraction and uncovered the molecular targets of isoflurane and propofol. Force and intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) were measured in rat trabeculae superfused with Krebs‐Henseleit solution, with or without propofol or isoflurane. Photoaffinity labeling of myofilament proteins with meta‐Azi‐propofol (AziPm) and Azi‐isoflurane (Azi‐iso) and molecular docking were also used. Both propofol and isoflurane dose dependently depressed force from low doses (propofol, 27 ± 6 μM; isoflurane, 1.0 ± 0.1%) to moderate doses (propofol, 87 ± 4 μM; isoflurane, 3.0 ± 0.25%), without significant alteration [Ca2+]i. During steady‐state activations in both intact and skinned preparations, propofol and isoflurane depressed maximum Ca2+‐activated force and increased the [Ca2+]i required for 50% of activation. Myofibrils photolabeled with AziPm and Azi‐iso identified myosin, actin, and myosin light chain as targets of the anesthetics. Several adducted residues in those proteins were located in con‐formationally sensitive regions that underlie contractile function. Thus, propofol and isoflurane decrease force development by directly depressing myofilament Ca2+ responsiveness and have binding sites in key regions for contraction in both actin and myosin.—Meng, T., Bu, W., Ren, X., Chen, X., Yu, J., Eckenhoff, R. G., Gao, W. D. Molecular mechanism of anesthetic‐induced depression of myocardial contraction. FASEB J. 30, 2915‐2925 (2016). www.fasebj.org


The invention discloses a connecting method of wireless devices, a wireless device and a wireless communication system. The method includes arranging a short-distance wireless communication NFC label reading module into a first wireless device without a display component and input component; connecting the first wireless device to a second wireless device in a wireless manner, and writing the required wireless connecting information into the NFC label reading module; allowing to the NFC label reading module to get close to the first wireless device, and allowing the NFC label reading module of the first wireless device to read the wireless connecting information from the NFC label reading module so as to allow the wireless device without the display component and input component to connect to anther wireless device conveniently and rapidly. According to the technical field, the wireless device without the display component and input component can be connected to anther wireless device conveniently and rapidly by adding one NFC label reading module only, and equipment cost of the wireless communication system is reduced greatly as compared with a wireless communication system adopting the display component and input component.


A model for education in optimal control language was constructed,showing mechanisms when individuals were making their decisions between education and job.Influence of extended welfare on optimal school duration was analyzed with this model.Some meaningful conclusions are made.


Electrochemical N2 reduction reactions (NRR) and N2 oxidation reaction (NOR), using H2O and N2, represent a sustainable approach to N2 fixation and arouse widespread attention. To date, due to the chemical inertness of nitrogen, emerging electrocatalysts for the electrochemical NRR and NOR at room temperature and atmospheric pressure remain largely under explored. Herein, a new-type Fe-SnO2 was rationally designed as a Janus electrocatalyst for achieving highly efficient NRR and NOR catalysis. A high NH3 yield of 82.7 µg h-1 mgcat.-1 and a Faraday efficiency (FE) of 20.4% were obtained for NRR, superior than all noble-metal-free electrocatalysts reported in acid electrolyte. This catalyst can also serve as an excellent NOR electrocatalyst with a NO3- yields of 42.9 µg h-1 mgcat.-1 and a FE of 0.84%. By means of experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we reveal that the oxygen vacancy-anchored single-atom Fe can effectively adsorb and activate chemical inert N2 molecules, lower the energy barrier for the vital breakage of N≡N, resulting in the enhanced N2 fixation performance.


Introduction: the current study pretends: to analyze the use of Primary Health Care Services by the immi - grant population under 15 years of age in compari...


The objectives of this study were to characterize the physicochemical properties of 5 different cassava varieties developed in the Philippines and to investigate the effect of pre-gelatinization on flour properties. The physicochemical properties were assessed by proximate, mineral and soluble sugar composition, starch, pasting and thermal properties, solubility, swelling power and particle size distribution. All dry flours showed significantly higher values for peak viscosity, hot paste viscosity and final viscosity, breakdown, pasting temperature and α-amylase activity than the corresponding pre-gelatinized flours ( p < 0.05). Complete amorphization of starch contained in pre-gelatinized flours was confirmed by DSC, and it was found that pre-gelatinization caused significant increases in the content of fructose, glucose, amylose, damaged starch and mean particle size, compared to the corresponding dry flours ( p < 0.05). Principal component analysis was carried out to assess the overall flour quality and the suitability of particular varieties for pre-gelatinization by steam


Some studies have shown that fir ( Abies spp.) regeneration can occur either in canopy gaps or in understory. The purpose of this study was to know how canopy gaps contribute to fir regeneration. Points were randomly chosen in three fir forests, and starting from there the nearest gap was recorded. Likewise, other random samples were placed in understory with the same diameter as that of the gap registered before. Gap age, gap size, and tree seedling for each sample were recorded. The average gap age was 7.61 ±1.86 yr. The average gap size was 66±42.8 m 2 . The most common gaps were of intermediate size (44-88 m 2 ). Only seedlings of A. religiosa (H.B.K.) Schlecht. & Cham and Pinus montezumae Lamb. were observed either in gaps or in understory. The number of seedlings was higher in gaps than in understory (p£0.001). The average number of seedlings in gaps was 4 430 ±596 per ha (A. religiosa 95.7 % and P. montezumae 4.3 %), whereas in understory it was 993±316 per ha (A. religiosa 99 % and P. montezumae 1 %). There was a significant relationship between gap age and number of seedlings of A. religiosa (R=0.62, p£0.001). The gap size and the interaction gap size-age were not significant (p>0.23) and did not explain the regeneration density.


Abstract This study was performed to develop new anti-obesity agents from medicinal plants for functional food industry. We prepared lipase inhibitor-containing ethanol extracts from Desmodium oxyphyllu DC. and its nutritional characteristics, stability of temperature and pH and physiological functionalities were investigated. Crude lipid content and curde protein content of ethanol extract from Desmodium oxyphyllum DC. were 26.5% and 5.7%, respectively and its asparagine content was 4,860 ㎎/100 g, dry basis. The ethanol extracts were also stable from pH 3.0 to pH 9.0 and below 80℃. The ethanol extract were showed high lipase inhibitory activity of 74.2% and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of 68.4%.Key words: nutrition, physiological functionality, lipase inhibitor, Desmodium oxyphyllum DC † Corresponding author: Jong-Soo Lee, Dept. of Life Science and Genetic Engineering, Paichai University, Daejeon 302-735, Korea. Tel: +82-42-520-5388, Fax: +82-42-520-5388, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


The paper deals with eight species of the genus Paralaevicephalus Ishihara, 1953 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) from China, including four new species, Paralaevicephalus huaxiensis sp. nov. , Paralaevicephalus angustus sp. nov., Paralaevicephalus grossusus sp. nov. and Paralaevicephalus lamellatus sp. nov.. A key is given to distinguish all species of the genus, and illustrations of genitalia are provided. The type specimens of the new species are deposited in the Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University (IEGU).


The question of formalized drawing of mathematical models governing the safety and pneumatic devices is investigating. The principle of formalization is described. The procedure for the formalization is considered on the example of a safety valve of the proportion type of direct action. The research of various factors on the performance of the valve is done.


A fundamental assumption when undertaking studies into Vitamin D and populations is that the relative "ranking" of an individual remains constant with respect to time. That is, an individual with the lowest percentile of Vitamin D status in summer will also have the lowest percentile)= of Vitamin D in summer, even though the Vitamin D status may have increased from summer to winter. This work investigates if such relative ranking exists in populations. Most individual‐level epidemiological studies examining vitamin D status in relation to disease risk measure serum 25(OH)D levels at a single time point, statistically "adjusting" for seasonal effects based on the mean seasonal variation in 25(OH)D levels. In longitudinal studies, more than one pre‐existing blood sample may be used, but in comparing either intra‐individually or inter‐individually, adjustment for season is still usually required. The 25(OH)D levels of 60 healthy ambulatory adults (42 female) aged 18 to 87 (median 49) years, in southeast Queensland, Australia (27°S) were tracked from winter to summer. After informed consent, participants were administered a questionnaire surveying past (previous 30 days) sun exposure, timing of sun exposure, sun protection used and dietary Vitamin D intakes. From this collected data, exploration of the determinants of seasonal Vitamin D status was undertaken.


The tools of perturbative Quantum Field Theory are by now a standard part of the theoretical physicist's arsenal. In this thesis we investigate the spectral method, an approach that uses tools from the quantum theory of scattering to calculate the O(~) corrections to fields. Specifically, we investigate whether the approach can be extended to deal with two interacting scalar fields with a mass gap in (1 + 1) dimensions. To achieve this we need to verify the analyticity of the appropriate Jost function. All the machinery to do so is introduced during the course of the thesis. This includes the field theoretic formalism which describes such a system, and the derivation of a number of differential equations from which the density of states can be constructed. The numerical method is also outlined. Concrete results are presented to verify that the approach reproduces known results. Arguments related to Levinson's theorem are then presented that suggest that the Jost function is indeed analytic, with some caveats. 3 Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za


Freedom of education regarding religious matters is not achieved simply by making provisions in study plans for the possibility of taking up an optional course dedicated to the study of this or that particular religion. A neutral type of religious formation, in which greater or lesser doses of Catholicism, Protestantism or Atheism are to be mingled together, is simply not feasibIe.
Religious liberty rests upon freedom of education as a prerequisite. This freedom exists when any citizen -or, in the case of a person who is unable to fend for himself, his parents or guardians- is given a variety of options in educational matters which enable him to choose that educational center which best suits his necessities or purposes. Religious liberty in education is only one more element -although perhaps the most relevant one- contained within the notion of freedom of education.
Most legal texts of the highest order -constitutional charters of many States and numerous international agreements- usually name the right to freedom of education along with other fundamental rights, a special mention usually being given to religious liberty in education. However, it must be borne in mind that in numerous occasions of basic rights legal texts in many aspects are merely declarations of principles, and in practice these principles may indeed never be fully applied.
There are two main factors which make freedom of education possible in an effective manner: a) freedom garanted in the creation of educational centers which are allowed the possibility of organizing themselves in accordance to particular lines not imposed from without and which are to be respected by the Law, and b) equality with regard to the financing of all educational centers, public or private.
The topic of the «confessionality» of education refers to the doctrinal content of non-religious subject maters. This content is to be found in a large number of subjects, particulary in the branch of Humanities. The systematic study of the doctrinal content of a particular religion is another matter altogether which bears no relation to what is to be understood by the term confessionality of education.
This concept does not contradict the principle of religious liberty. On the contrary, the guarantee of this liberty is to be found in the existence of pluralism in schooling which permits one to freely choose whatever type of education best corresponds to his own convictions in religious matters.


The Joint European Torus (JET) carried out the first preliminary experiment with a deuterium-tritium plasma in 1991. This utilised an on-site inventory of 0.25g. The future experimental programme for the JET machine includes two discrete phases using plasmas fuelled by deuterium and tritium. The first of these, in mid-1996, will generate around 2 x 1020 neutrons and require a site inventory of a few grams of tritium. The second is proposed to take place in 1999 if an extension to the JET project from 1996 is granted. This will require a few tens of grams of tritium and will generate up to 5 x10 21 neutrons. The JET Active Gas Handling System has been constructed to enable tritium to be recovered from the plasma exhaust and stored for re-injection. The design also minimises tritium discharges to the environment. It is currently being commissioned to meet the above programme and has been modified to take into account a new requirement for operation over extended periods during maintenance and D-D operation with tritium contaminated plasma exhaust. Commissioning of the Active Gas Handling System consists of inactive, trace tritium (∼40TBq) and full tritium (<3g) phases. The experience and main results of inactive commissioning are presented and the status of tritium commissioning is reviewed.


Problem statement. In Vasily Filippov's poetry, not only images of art, but also various types of art are used as metaphors of existential states. Particular attention in his poetry is given to the painting of the Renaissance as exemplarily representative and most "iconic", which allows you to combine posture and confessionary approach. Moreover, the ecphrases of the works of Renaissance art in Filippov's poetry is often enigmatic, and therefore, in order to decipher them, it is necessary to reconstruct the system of conversation about art in his poems.
Research results. In the article it is proved that in Filippov's poetry works of art are inseparable from the environment, ekfrasis serves as a description of the existence of the works environment, and not only of their plot. The kind of art and the material predetermine the duration of the situation described and its stability, and the details mentioned acquire not just iconological but philosophical and theological meaning.
Сonclusion. To explain this meaning, one should also take into account Vasily Filippov's hidden polemic with the most popular interpretations of the history of art, for example, with the opposition of the sacred icon to the picture or the notion of representative art as an instrument for the formation of personality. Bending to a new surreal and impersonal poetics, Filippov gives his own concept of personal perception of a pictorial message. Reconstruction of the contents of its ecphrases proceeding from this concept is productive both for understanding the reception of fine art in the newest Russian poetry, and for the development of hermeneutics of poetry, which refuses to place a personal utterance in the center of speech.


given due weight in the assessment of a text which, on Sgr. Bianchi's own admission, shows disquieting peculiarities. Concerned as he is to uphold the transcendence of Ohrmazd, the author attacks certain pantheistic views on his person which have recently been advanced. In his interpretation of the Pahlavl Rivayat on the cosmic implement (which is, of course, not Ohrmazd but his weapon) he could have found ample evidence in support of his views in this reviewer's Zurvan (texts Z i, § 26 and particularly Z 10). Moreover, he weakens his own case by adopting Hartman's (and Christensen's) translation of Datastan i denlk 63 which is almost certainly wrong. The awful ' body of a priest', now perpetuated yet again by Sgr. Bianchi, is in fact the present reviewer's old friend the ' Endless Form ' (asarok karp, see Zurvan, pp. 127-33), the weapon of Ohrmazd. What the Datastan actually says is : ' Ohrmazd, the universal lord, fashioned forth an endless form (or headless form) from the Endless Light whose creation (dam not SM/nam) was Ohrmazd's and whose light was that of fire '. It is a pity that the author did not exercise his acute intelligence on this intriguing problem—the nature of the ' endless form' which is Ohrmazd's weapon and its relationship to the similar weapon presented to Ahriman by Zurvan which ' hath the very substance of Az'. Here, if anywhere, we appear to have a re-writing of a Zurvanite myth which the author is so very loath to admit (p. 163).


Sisyrinchium vaginatum complex" belongs to the section Viperella, characterized by absent or extremely reduced basal leaves, ancipitated stem , y llow dish flowers, and leaves with large sheaths along the stem. The species Sisyrinchium ciliolatum (Ravenna) Ravenna, S. deflexum R. C. Foster, S. marchioides Ravenna, S. perpruinosum (Ravenna) Ravenna, S. reitzii R. C. Foster, S. scalarium Ravenna, S. sinuosum Ravenna, S. sulcatum Gillies ex Hook., S. tenuifolium Humb. & Bonpl. ex Wild., S. tereticaule Ravenna S. alatum Hook., S. alatum var. minor Rusby, S. balansae Baker, S. distantiflorum Kränzlin, S. glaziovii Baker, S. incurvatum Gardner ex Hook., S. mandonii Baker, S. marchio (Vell.) Steud., S. parvifolium Baker, S. restioides Spreng., S. sulcatum Gillies ex Hook., S. vaginatum Spreng., S. weirii Baker. belong to this species complex. They are per nnial with representives distributed in South and Central Americas and Mexico. In Southern Brazil, field observations allowed to verify the existence of a wide morphological variat ion, mainly vegetative. The chromosome numbers described in the literature for this group f species are restricted to S. alatum (2n = 4x = 36), from Mexico and Peru. None diploid or hex aploid species were reported before for this group. Studies addressing mating system or mol ecular aspects relatives to this group are unknown. Taking acount the scarceity of studies abo ut the biology and genetic diversity of "S. vaginatum complex" species and its importance as a native g roup of species, besides that categorization of Sisyrinchium vaginatum as an endangered species. This study tried to brin g together cytogenetic and molecular methods, using a dominant marker of the ISSR-PCR to characterize the species belonging to this complex that occurred in Southern Brazil. The species are quite structured, being the most part o f the existing variation under intrapopulation level. All species studied presented basic chromoso e number x=9, most of them being diploids (2n=2x=18). Among the seven species occurr ing in Rio Grande do Sul six were diploid (S. balansae , S. parvifolium, S. restioides , S. vaginatum, Sisyrinchium sp. nova 2 e Sisyrinchium sp. nova 3) and just one species was tetraploid, S. marchioides (2n =2x= 36). To the Santa Catarina state were found diploids ( S. alatum, S. balansae , S. parvifolium, S. restioides, S. vaginatum, S. vaginatum perpruinosum e Sisyrinchium sp. nova 1) and tetraploids ( S. marchioides e S. marchio), while for the Parana state was found one hexaploid species, S. weirii (2n=2x=54), tetraploids ( S. marchioides e S. marchio), and diploids (S. alatum, S. balansae , S. parvifolium, S. restioides , S. vaginatum). Polyploidization had more importance in higher grasslands, where the polyploid species are more commonly found. The polyploid species did not clustering on the dendrogram. A quite supported cluster (bootstrap of 96%) was formed for S. vaginatum (2n = 18), S. marchioides (2n = 36) e S. restioides (2n = 18) species. On the opposite extreme of this clu ter is the S. palmifolium species, used in this analysis as outgroup, it is i n agreement with morphology, even so it belongs to a closely related group of this complex. The breeding system studies presented that S. vaginatum is auto-incompatible, being the pollination carrie d out by pollen collector bees or sirphids in Rio Grande do Sul. These results sho w that the complexity found in this group is due to multiple evolutionary mechanisms, confirm ing the needs to use different approaches for the characterization of this diversity and of i ts evolutionary consequences.


Abstract : Secondary muzzle flash results from the reignition of a mixture of fuel-rich exhaust gases and entrained air. This combustion process releases energy in the form of light, the objectionable 'flash', and also noise, in the form of secondary blast which adds to the primary blast of the weapon. Three different techniques for predicting secondary flash occurrence have been tested in simulated artillery and mortar firing situations. The predictions of the techniques are compared, and, where observational data exist, the predictions are compared to them. The Standard Plume Flow (SPF) code, for rockets, has recently become available. While we found that it is not yet ready for application to guns, it has many appealing features.


This paper gives the geophysical results and interpretation for a rather close net of gravity and magnetic stations in the southern two‐thirds of New Jersey and eastern Pennsylvania. Over most of the New Jersey parts, the stations are at intervals of about 31/2 miles on profiles roughly ten miles apart, running approximately NW‐SE, or across the strike of the Appalachian trends. This work is supplemented by a zone of much closer control extending in a band about four miles wide reaching from Barnegat Bay on the coast, northwestward through Princeton and Flemington to the Delaware River at Phillipsburg, New Jersey.


Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are ubiquitous nowadays and have applications in variety of domains such as machine surveillance, precision agriculture, intelligent buildings, healthcare etc. Detection of anomalous activities in such domains has always been a subject undergoing intense study. As the sensor networks are generating tons of data every second, it becomes a challenging task to detect anomalous events accurately from this large amount of data. Most of the existing techniques for anomaly detection are not scalable to big data. Also, sometimes accuracy might get compromised while dealing with such a large amount of data. To address these issues in this paper, a unified framework for anomaly detection in big sensor data has been proposed. The proposed framework is based on data compression and Hadoop MapReduce-based parallel fuzzy clustering. The clusters are further refined for better classification accuracy. The modules of the proposed framework are compared with various existing state-of-art algorithms. For experimental analysis, real sensor data of ICU patients has been taken from the physionet library. It is revealed from the comparative analysis that the proposed framework is more time efficient and shows better classification accuracy.


This paper serves as the introductory first presentation to the 2020 IEEE AP-S Industry-Focused Special Session on "Beam-Steerable Antenna Systems with High Gains for Mobile Satellite Terminals". It presents a brief overview of established and emerging antenna technologies for Communication-On- The-Move (COTM) mobile satellite communication terminals and known or expected advantages and limitations of each technology.


The spall strength in the nanosecond range of load duration is studied on the basis of the structural-temporal approach. Speed and time dependences of strength are investigated. It is established that the fracture is possible not at the moment to achieve the maximum value of stress, and some time later, when the stress in the cross section of spall begins to decrease. The possibility to describe the effect of the strength «stabilization», observed in experiments on spalling, is shown.


The numerical weather prediction (NWP) model about marine meteorological disasters requires sea surface temperature (SST) data which represents the parameters of marine dynamic process. However, the SST data of high spatial-temporal resolution are scarce in Huang Bohai sea in China. In order to acquire the high resolution SST data, the authors try to retrieve the high resolution SST data in Huang Bohai sea with FY2G-based satellite data. Moreover, the data differences of the satellite retrieval data with both buoys observation SST and NCEP optimal interpolation SST are compared, respectively, in terms of the statistical analysis method. Meanwhile the statistical equations are determined about the satellite retrieval SST with observed SST and of optimal interpolation SST. The equations are referred as a standard of data quality control equations when the differences of the revised values of the statistical equations and satellite inversion are calculated. While the data fusion is done, authors retain the data that the differences of the satellite retrieval SST and the statistical equation are less than 3.0°C. Above method could make that the satellite SST space characteristic information is merged into weekly average optimal interpolation SST data, and it improves SST spatial-temporal resolution in Huang Bohai sea. The work lays a foundation for numerical models using the high resolution SST in Huang Bohai area.


The historical attachment of the organized labor movement of Chile to revolutionary ideologies has been unique in Latin America. Anarchosyndicalists controlled most labor unions in Santiago and Valparaíso, and the Communists those of the nitrate and coal mining zones during the 1920s. From the late 1930S to the fall of Allende, a majority of Chilean labor unionists manifested their desire for socio-economic change by supporting the Communist and Socialist Parties at the polls and in the streets.


High-current cables using REBCO tapes can be used to develop high-field dipole magnets. However, the strain accumulated during cable fabrication and coil winding may reduce the critical current of the conductor. Therefore, it is important to properly consider the strain when designing high-field magnets. In this paper, we used structural finite-element analysis (FEA) to predict the strain experienced by a REBCO tape during bending in configurations relevant to the fabrication of high-field accelerator magnets, in particular, the mechanical strain generated during cable fabrication and winding in a canted-cosθ dipole configuration. We considered two different cable options: (A) Flat tape that lay in the mandrel channel and (B) a REBCO tape helically wound around a circular copper core, the typical configuration of the conductor in round core cable (CORC). Strain accumulated during tape winding is studied for different core diameters and winding tilt angles. FEA longitudinal strain results were compared with the simulations for configuration A, where higher strain was observed experimentally. Configuration B was verified indirectly by comparing experimentally measured Ic with the one predicted (based on the longitudinal strain) as a function of the bending diameter. Good agreement was found up to a bending diameter of 30 mm. The presented results will help to understand the impact of bending on REBCO tapes and CORC wires to develop high-field magnets.


The epithelial receptors of Nassarius are primary sense cells. The sensory endings are abundant on the tentacle tips, anterior border of the foot and ventral external surface of the siphon tip. Densities are a small multiple of 1032 endings/mm2. Type 1 ciliated endings are of ubiquitous occurrence. The ultrastructure of type 1 endings is uniform, though the static and motile bundles of sensory cilia may be distinguished by the random or uniform orientation of the ciliary subfibrils and basal feet. Ciliated receptors probably include both chemo- and mechanoreceptors. A distinct ultrastructural type of sensory ending (type 2), confined to the siphon tip, consists of a small pit in the peripheral dendrite close to the epithelialsurface. The pit contains whorled microvilli and a few cilia. It may be photoreceptive. A small amount of convergence of sensory information may occur in peripheral nerve.


The invention concerns a method for regenerating a fuel vapour filter for a direct injection engine, and a corresponding device. The method is characterised in that it comprises the following steps, during the functioning of a stratified combustion: authorising the purging of the fuel vapour filter (18); admission of the fuel vapours in at least one of the cylinders (11); and producing a homogeneous combustion in the cylinder receiving the fuel vapours. The invention also concerns a corresponding device (24) comprising in particular a pump (19) for circulating fuel vapours from the filter (18) to the cylinders (11).


This study presents partial results of the repercussions of the performance of a mathematics preceptor in the Pedagogical Residency Program (PRP). For this, we chose to use semi-structured interviews as an instrument of data production. After transcription, the analysis was performed in light of the characterization of the professional identity of the teacher who teaches mathematics, proposed by our main theoretical reference. It was found that participation in the PRP enabled the school teacher to play a new role (preceptor), which mobilized a shift towards the constitution of their identity as a teacher educator.


Despite high compression techniques for multimedia data transmission over mobile networks, there is need to have efficient routing to meet QoS requirements. This paper presents experimental study to optimize the routing for mobile users running multimedia applications. This approach is another milestone in providing best connectivity, to mobile users in any locations, whether wired or wireless. The approach is based on IP Mobility Support protocol (C. Perkins, 2002), which supports seamless switching between different networks and communication devices. The approach proposes a routing optimization solution, which ensures minimum possible delays in packet routing. The packet loss rates for switching from the wired to wireless and vice versa are investigated by simulations.


A microscopic approach is presented for calculating general properties of interacting Brownian particles under steady shearing. We start from exact expressions for shear-dependent steady-state averages, such as correlation and structure functions, in the form of generalized Green–Kubo relations. To these we apply approximations inspired by the mode coupling theory (MCT) for the quiescent system, accessing steady-state properties by integration through the transient dynamics after startup of steady shear. Exact equations of motion, with memory effects, for the required transient density correlation functions are derived next; these can also be approximated within an MCT-like approach. This results in closed equations for the nonequilibrium stationary state of sheared dense colloidal dispersions, with the equilibrium structure factor of the unsheared system as the only input. In three dimensions, these equations currently require further approximation prior to numerical solution. However, some universal asp...


The monitoring of malaria incidence in Cibalong Subdistrict Garut Regency from 2009 until 2011 has been done. This is a descriptive study. The Institution of Research and Community Service of Universitas Padjadjaran collected and monitored the profile of malaria disease. Monitoring data of malaria were gathered from medical record at Public Health Centre of Cibalong in 2011. There were 71 cases in 2009: 59 cases in 2010, and 102 in 2011. All cases were infected by Plasmodium Vivax. In conclusion, from 2009 to 2011 malaria incidence increase, but not all villages has become infected malaria. Simpang, Maroko, Mekarmukti, and Cigaronggong were free from malaria incidence since 2009 to 2011, Sagara and Mekarwangi were free from malaria incidence since 2010 to 2011.


When it comes to etymology, two methods come to mind: 1. Scientific or linguistic etymology and 2. Folk etymology. However, the Polish linguist Marek Stachowski introduced a new etymology term to the literature: 3."Perceptual etymology". Stachowski explains the term, which he coined for the first time in his article titled "Perceptual etymology, or three Turkish culinary terms in Croatian and Slovene, and a Polish social term inteligencja 'intelligentsia'" published in Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis 138 (4) in 2021, in his article titled "Perceptual etymology. A social aspect of etymological research" published in issue 139 (1) of the same journal in 2022. In this study; unaware of this new term, the origin information of which is explained, 'اِمْغا', 'اَلِمْغا' in the Diwanu Lugati't-Turk of Kashgari (Barskani) Mahmud and the titles 'amγa', 'il ïmγa' in Old Uighur letter documents, which mean "guard of the military governor, secretary of state", which have meanings such as "state treasurer, treasurer, tax collector", are reconsidered in the context of the concept of "perceptual etymology". Based on the previous sources, it is accepted that the word was borrowed from a Chinese title, yaya (押牙 / 押衙), from a Middle Chinese pronunciation of *im go dar to Turkish during the Chinese Tang Dynasty. This title is represented by Sir G. Clauson 'ımğa', T. Takata 'ąmäga', N. Sims-Williams and J. Hamilton ''mγ' (amγa) and T. Moriyasu as amγa / ïmγa. Here, the origin information of the title in question will be tried to be explained again through their spellings, historical developments and meanings in old Uighur documents and to be shown that the title is not borrowed into Turkish from Chinese, but from Khotanese Sakan.


ABSTRACT Research interest in the thermo-mechanical behaviour of soils is growing as a result of an increasing number of geomechanical problems involving thermal effects. It is, therefore, necessary to understand thermally induced effects on soils and then to use the appropriate constitutive models for the numerical simulation of such phenomena. This paper addresses various issues concerning the thermo-mechanical behaviour of soils. Starting from experimental evidence of non-linearity and hardening that heating causes in soils, thermodynamic considerations are then introduced for the derivation and the discussion of the general form of the constitutive equations. After that, constitutive modelling is presented and treated in the context of elasto-plasticity based on the LTVP model, which includes the evolution of yield surfaces with temperature. Numerical simulations support the theoretical aspects of the paper by showing performances of this constitutive law, especially for undrained and cyclic paths.


Prāsaṅgika Mādhyamika philosophers claim that any causal theory that is bound up in the notion of essence (svabhāva / rang bzhin) cannot offer us any plausible causal explanation of how things come to be what they were in the past, what they are now and what they will become in the future. This is because any notion of essence, they assert, fundamentally contradicts the interdependent nature of the causal process. As an alternative the Prāsaṅgika Mādhyamika proposes the doctrine of pratītyasamudpadā ("dependent co-arising") as its central causal theory. The doctrine of dependent co-arising enables the Prāsaṅgika Mādhyamika to reject a causal metaphysics of essence (svabhava) and adopt the view based on the inherent emptiness (sūnyatā) of the essence of causality.
The objective of my dissertation is, therefore, to investigate how the Prāsaṅgika Mādhyamika [non-essentialist] philosophy applies its twin concepts: emptiness (sūnyatā) and dependent arising (pratītyasamudpadā ) in the case of causality. To do this, first I demonstrate the incompatible nature of causality and essence (svabhāva) from the Prāsaṅgika Mādhyamika's point of view, demonstrate the grounds for rejecting the notion of essence by means of providing a detailed critique of the four traditional Indian essentialist causal theories. I, then offer a detailed discussion of the Prāsaṅgika's arguments in support of the doctrine of dependent arising as a plausible account of a causal explanation, and I achieve this by way of identifying emptiness with dependent arising


THE RWANDAN ETHNIC CRISIS OF THE 1990s: AN HISTORICAL ANALYSIS OF THE CAUSES AND A STRATEGY FOR FORGIVENESS AND RECONCILIATION FROM A SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTIST PERSPECTIVE by Hesron R. Byilingiro Adviser: Russell L. Staples ABSTRACT OF GRADUATE STUDENT RESEARCH DissertationOF GRADUATE STUDENT RESEARCH Dissertation Andrews University Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary Title: THE RWANDAN ETHNIC CRISIS OF THE 1990s: AN HISTORICAL ANALYSIS OF THE CAUSES AND A STRATEGY FOR FORGIVENESS AND RECONCILIATION FROM A SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTIST PERSPECTIVE Name of researcher: Hesron Rukundo Byilingiro Name & degree of faculty adviser: Russell L. Staples, Ph.D. Date completed: August 2002 Statement of the Task In 1994, the central Africa nation of Rwanda experienced a large-scale genocide in which thousands of people were killed. Many Christians including Adventists participated in these mass killings. It is the task of this study to investigate (1) the historical causes of the genocide, (2) why Seventh-day Adventist Christians participated in the genocide, and (3) propose strategies for forgiveness and reconciliation from an Adventist perspective. Methodology The study is an historical and analytical investigation of the country and people of Rwanda from pre colonial to post-independence time. It draws on the personal experience and direct interviews of 94 church leaders and members of the Seventh-day Adventist church in Rwanda. The research has drawn on books and journals from libraries in the United States and overseas. Results The study reveals that prominent among the complex factors that led to the 1944 genocide in Rwanda were first, the promotion of Tutsi superiority over Hutus by some missionaries, colonialists, anthropologists, and historians; and second, that in spite of the phenominal growth of the church in Rwanda or perhaps partly because of it, there was a failure to effectively teach and practice the oneness of human beings in Christ. Conclusion First, in spite of all the good accomplished by church leaders in Rwanda, they failed to effectively teach the doctrine of unconditional love among the people. Second, there is a need for forgiveness and reconciliation among the people of Rwanda, who remain divided in the aftermath of the genocide of 1994. Third, the biblical and theological foundations of forgiveness and reconciliation are explored and developed in practical strategies, appropriate to the circumstances in Rwanda, for breaking down divisions and building a spirit of mutuality and community within the churches and subsequently also in the wider community. The Adventist Church is an instrument of hope for the people of Rwanda. It needs to lead in showing the way to unity through confession, forgiveness, reconciliation and renewal in Christ. The Church should promote this process through literature, public media, and the educational system.


This paper focuses on representation of roman tradition in two poems published approximately during the same period, A.D. 403-404. Claudian's pagan vision of the Roman past is an idealisation of Roman tradition, which he proposes that Honorius should imitate. Honorius is to become a new Trajan, and renew for fourth-century Rome the tradition of the optimus and pius princeps. Prudentius, on the contrary, complies a list of past Roman vices and failures, and emphasises the moral, cultural and philosophical improvement that is brought by the Christian faith. Honorius becomes one of the models of christianissimus princeps. By analysing these opposing propositions, I intend to demonstrate what was an increasingly large gulf between Roman pagan identities, of which Claudian is particularly aware, and the Christian empire, of which Prudentius is the self-proclaimed champion. In fact, the first concern of both poems is how to speak of roman identity in the context of an Empire becoming ever less Roman, where traditional Roman civilization is more and more criticised and put in question by new ways of building identities


It has been shown that a reversed biased multiple-quantum-well (MQW) PIN diode can function as a logic switching device, the self-electrooptic device (SEED).1 The general principle of this SEED operation is that the photocurrent generated by light absorbed in the diode may change the voltage across it, which in turn causes a change in the absorption of light in the diode. By connecting the diode to a proper load and tuning the light wavelength to coincide with the heavy hole hh exciton, a positive feedback is achieved leading to switching and bistable behavior.


Objective To discuss the value of detection of CRP, WBC and ESR in differential diagnosis of early bacterial and virus infections in children. Methods All of the specimen were examined by CRP rapid Analyzer, automatic hematology analyzer and ESR Analyzer respectively. Results The results of CRP、WBC and ESR in bacterial infections group were obviously higher than that of the control one (P 0.01). The levels of CRP and WBC were significantly different between bacterial infection group and virus infections group (P0.01). Compared with the bacterial group the level of CRP and WBC ESR in viral infection group was not signficant(P0.05). Conclusion Detection of CRP and WBC is valuable for differential diagnosis of early acute infections in children , especially in bacterial and viral nfection .


The selection of an appropriate coastal protection structure using multi-criteria analysis method AHP (analytic hierarchy process) was presented by a case study of a beach reconstruction in the Kostanj Bay (north-western part of Croatia). The newly designed beach (about 300 m long) will be formed on the western part of the bay by the additional filling of the natural rocky coastline with gravel and building reinforced concrete seawalls towards the sea. The beach will be protected by a submerged breakwater. Five different alternatives were analysed and defined by a different design of the protective breakwater. The first alternative, without the submerged breakwater, was considered as the baseline alternative. An additional four alternatives were examined based on four criteria and five sub-criteria, which considered the technical, economic, social and environmental impacts. The sensitivity of the ranking for the considered alternatives was analysed using five criteria importance scenarios.