The purpose of this present paper is to derive certain coefficient esti- mates for a normalized analytic function defined in the open unit disk � = {z : z ∈ C and |z| < 1}. A certain application of our main result for a class of functions defined by a Hadamard product is given. As a special case of our result, we obtain the Fekete-Szego inequality for a class of functions defined through fractional derivatives.


The decline in birth rates in China and its impact on the housing market have become significant topics of concern in recent years. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the interplay between declining birth rates and the housing market in China, with a focus on the economic implications. We explore the causes and consequences of this demographic shift, the current state of the housing market, and its linkages to birth rate trends. We offer policy recommendations and strategies for stakeholders, including the government, investors, and developers, to address the challenges posed by these demographic changes. This paper emphasizes the importance of understanding and proactively managing the relationship between demographics and housing to foster economic resilience, innovation, and growth.


Wave description and ray matrix methods have been used to study the paraxial Fourier transforming and imaging properties of GRIN lenses with revolution symmetry. Using these properties, the GRIN lens law and the Fourier transforming condition are derived for a simple optical system.


theorized introductions to texts by novelists such as Joyce Elbrecht and Lydia Fakundiny (who write together as author/subject Jael B. Juba), Laird completes her study with another such illuminating pairing of pairings in "Rewriting America." Whereas Laird opens her text by recreating a model of "collaborative desire" informed by but not limited to a psychoanalytical perspective, the integrative pluralism of her approach permits her to conjoin subjects and modes of inquiry from autobiography to deconstruction. In the hands of a less skillful critic, such a methodology might seem cumbersome or erratic, but Laird's deft synthesis remains always specific in support, meticulously argued, and readable. Equally important, her project provides a model for further analyses of this kind. As Laird remarks, "The aim of this study is not to set forth one kind of collaboration as ideal or even as better in some sense than another, but to learn what can be gleaned from the juxtapositions of different kinds and degrees of collaboration." Indeed, Women Coauthors stands to inspire other such innovative critical juxtapositions.


Although members of the hyperdiverse gastropod genus Conus are prominent in shallow subtidal habitats throughout the world's tropical seas, copulation has rarely been observed and even less frequently illustrated (Kohn & Perron, 1994). To our knowledge, mating behaviour has not previously been described for any species. In fact, descriptions of mating behaviour in caenogastropods in general and especially neogastropods seem to be sparse, in contrast to those of the more complex courtship and copulation of pulmonates (e.g. Soldatenko & Petrov, 2012). Here we report observations made by the first author of the mating process in Conus cingulatus Lamarck, 1810, at Santa Marta, Colombia, in 1971. In the course of examining museum collections for a revisionary systematic study of western Atlantic Conus in 2010, A.J.K. came upon the shells (in Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum, Frankfurt am Main, SMF) of the pair whose mating behaviour R.v.C. had observed, sketched and made notes on during the process, but never published. At the time of observation, the species was wrongly identified as C. largillierti Kiener, 1847, by R.v.C.; its distribution was unknown. We know now that C. largillierti occurs along the east coast of North America, its range does not extend to the Caribbean Sea (Lee, 2009; A.J. Kohn, unpublished) and that Lamarck's (1810) name C. cingulatus is clearly the earliest for the species studied in Colombia. We are also able to correct another report of C. largillierti from Colombia. Bandel (1976) reported on embryonic development in an egg mass attributed to C. largillierti from Santa Marta, also collected by R.v.C. In his paper, Bandel (1976) noted the similarity of the developmental stages to C. spurius Gmelin, 1791, and examination by the present authors of the mother's shell, now also in SMF, revealed that it is in fact C. spurius, a species known from throughout the Caribbean region as well as Florida (Lee, 2009). Lamarck (1810) based his original description of C. cingulatus on a specimen then in the MNHN, but Mermod (1947) noted that it was no longer in the collection of the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, at that time. Walls (1979) established a neotype (Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Geneva No. 1107/69) from the Sollier Collection, first figured by Kiener (1847: pl. 93, fig. 2). Kohn (1992: pl. 16, fig. 337) also illustrated the neotype. Coomans, Moolenbeek & Wils (1985) corrected the type locality to Santa Marta, Colombia. Although described 200 years ago, C. cingulatus remains poorly known. Its distribution is restricted to a narrow region along the coast of Colombia from Santa Marta to Cartagena, probably extending southward to Arboletes–Sabanilla, on the open coast near the Gulf of Uraba, and perhaps also to Panama (Diaz, 1995), in depths of 4–18 m. R.v.C. collected the pair of C. cingulatus, whose shells are shown in Figure 1, at 2200 h at a depth of 4–5 m off the beach at Santa Marta, near the Miramar and Park hotels. They were returned to an aquarium on shore, where he made the observations reported here and the original sketches for the figures, over a period of about 2 h. When first observed, the pair of C. cingulatus (Fig. 2) was about 15 cm apart on a sand bottom with a fine sand and muddy surface layer. One animal was on the sediment, the other on a piece of coconut shell. After they were placed in the aquarium, they crawled actively. Most species of Conus have an 'arrhythmic' mode of locomotion (Miller, 1974), as their pedal musculature is evidently incapable of distinct locomotory waves. This is consistent with the observation that the animals crawled continuously, without alternating movement of foot and shell as is characteristic of many caenogastropods. No mucus was observed during mating behaviour and the larger male (shell length 38 mm) did not appear to follow the trail of the female (shell length 34 mm). After contacting the female, he crawled on the anterior end of her shell from left to right and extended his penis (Fig. 2A). The male then moved posteriorly along her shell, alternately touching and then slightly withdrawing the penis as if chemotactically sensing or 'tasting' (Fig. 2B). Upon reaching the exhalent region of the mantle cavity at the posterior end of her last whorl (Fig. 2C), he moved into position with his expanded foot firmly grasping her shell and the tip of his siphon placed near the exhalent flow from her mantle cavity. The male then extended his penis into the female's mantle cavity in the vicinity of her genital aperture (Fig. 2D). The penis continued to extend, then stopped, it evidently having located and penetrated her genital aperture. Both partners then remained quiescent for 10 min, moving only slightly from time to time. After 10 min, the couple appeared as in Figure 2E. Then the male withdrew the penis, which continued to move about. After a further 10 min (i.e. 20 min from the initial contact), the two partners crawled away from each other (Fig. 2F). The male


The expansion of eucalyptus plantations in southern Brazil, especially over regions with natural grasslands, which occurred in the last decade potentially changes total organic carbon and nitrogen in soil. The aim of this study was to test the Century model 4.5 in the simulation of changes in inventories of TOC and TN in the surface layer (0.0-0.2 m) soil in Eucalyptus sp. com different ages in three municipalities in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Areas adjacent to grasslands were used to estimate the original stocks of TOC and TN these sites. The Century model 4.5 showed a good adjustment in the simulation of the soil TOC stock, with similar values of simulated and observed, and can be used to simulate organic matter dynamics in pasture and in eucalyptus plantations. Even with changes of parameters, the model failed to simulate the TN stocks with acceptable statistical accuracy and efficiency.


Objective: To evaluate the short-term effect of TENS on pain for patients with bone metastasis. Methods: An experimental descriptive study of 25 eligible advanced cancer patients with bone metastasis. Patients were enrolled in the study from June 1, 2018 to December 31, 2019. Pain intensity measurements were recorded at baseline prior to TENS application, then after 30 minutes and 60 minutes of TENS while the device was switched on. TENS was applied prior to radiotherapy at the same time every day for 5 days. Pain score was evaluated with the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Symptom assessment was measured by a Thai version of the Edmonton symptom assessment system (ESAS-Thai) on the first day prior to and five days after TENS application began. The paired t-test and Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) were used analysis. Results: Mean VAS scores decreased by 1.08 (-1.08; 95% CI; -1.66 to 0.50, p < 0.001) and 1.82 (-1.82; 95 CI; -2.40 to 1.24, p < 0.001) after 30 and 60 minutes, respectively, compared to the baseline. Lower VAS scores were also correlated to the number of TENS visits. Mean ESAS scores showed a statistically significant difference before and after TENS application (before: 4.32 (95% CI: 3.60–5.03); after: 3.08 (95% CI: 2.61–3.54), p = 0.004). During TENS application there was a reduction in VAS pain scores over time. Conclusion: TENS is non-invasive, inexpensive and safe. It may be a useful adjunct to the multimodality treatment of pain and may reduce the need for morphine.


We predicted the stable alkaline earth complexes M(Cp)3- (M = Ca, Sr, Ba; Cp = cyclopentadienyl), where the M centers were in their stable +2 oxidation state and mimicked the bonding behaviour of transition metals by participating in bonding with the π orbitals of Cp ligands using their d orbitals.


Research on global employees has treated expatriates and international business travelers as distinct employee groups, thus assuming that travel is not an integral part of the expatriate experience...


The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) provides collisions of the fully stripped gold ions for four experiments. This report shows results from measurements of the betatron functions within the Interaction Regions (IR) as well as in the arcs in both "blue" and "yellow" rings. A single quadrupole excitation or the beam position monitors' RMS. values at injection are used to obtain the betatron amplitude function.


The activated and modified carbon fibrous adsorbents for extraction of heavy metals ions from watersolutions were investigated. Influence of time and рН on sorption magnitude was studied. Capacity forsorption of adsorbents depends on magnitudes of a specific surface and degree its oxidation. Carbon fibrespossess capacity for restoration and an ionic exchange. Carbon fibres possess capacity for restoration and anionic exchange, ability for regenerative decreases with increase in oxidation degree of a surface


SOCIAL SYSTEMS MAY BEHAVE more or less as units. The more a social system behaves as an entity, the more it will be said to be integrated. Concern with this aspect or related aspects of social systems may be traced back at least to Plato, who in Book 5 of The Republic points to &dquo;that which binds it (the city state) together and makes it one&dquo; as a factor or set of factors unsurpassed in their contribution to the welfare of the city state. The so-called mechanistic school of the 17th century conceived of society


We thank the three reviewers for reading the manuscript so carefully and providing detailed and very valuable comments which helped to improve the manuscript substantially. We have carefully considered all comments and changed the manuscript accordingly. Please find our detailed point-to-point replies to all comments in the supplementary file together with the revised version of the manuscript including all changes marked.


Social media is progressively being used for sharing health information and for net- working among health professionals and patients; this is particularly evident among the younger age groups. There is great potential for pharmacy to engage in the utilization of such platforms to improve health outcomes, and this paper explores some of the areas where social media is already in use in pharmacy and potential areas where using social media could make a positive impact on the determinants of health. The literature around this subject is limited; neverthe- less, the number of published studies has increased in recent years. This paper concentrates on the use and application of social media by pharmacy to improve health outcomes. The subject was explored in five main areas: provision of medicines information, safer use of medicines, medicines use in chronic disease, implementation of evidence-based medicine and guidelines, and finally clinical research. In each of these areas, there is an increase in uptake and use of social media platforms by pharmacists and other health care professionals to improve patient outcomes. A variety of the more popular social media platforms have been used by health care professionals and the relative merits of these are discussed within each of the subject areas and consideration given to their application in pharmacy practice. It is evident that the majority of social media users fall into the younger age bracket, which is understandable. However, the majority of patients living with long-term conditions typically fall into the older age bracket (over 65 years of age) and this should be taken into account when utilizing social media plat- forms to improve health outcomes.


The preparation of I131-labeled human insulin from a lot of human insulin containing approximately 25% insulin by weight and its purification from labeled contaminants are described. The reaction of human insulin-I133 with insulinbinding antibodies in the serums of human subjects treated with commercial mixtures of animal insulins is demonstrated directly. Comparison of the binding of human insulin and beef insulin in antiserums from eight insulinresistant and nonresistant diabetic subjects revealed a lesser affinity' of antibody for human than for beef insulin in most cases, but considerable variability in this respect was encountered among different antiserums.


Preirradiation grafting of acrylic acid onto poly(tetrafluoroethylene) film was studied. The trapped radicals formed upon irradiation are able to induce graft polymerization under appropriate conditions. The influence of the grafting conditions were analyzed kinetically. The grafting reaction begins close to the film surface and proceeds into the center with progressive monomer diffusion through the grafted layer. The dependences of the grafting rate on preirradiation dose and monomer concentration were found to be 0.2 and 1.1 order, respectively. The overall activation energies for this grafting were calculated to be 15.2 and 4.8 kcal/mol below and above 35/sup 0/C, respectively. The relationship between the grafting rate and film and film thickness gave negative first-order dependence.


∈-Caprolactam (1) was methylated with dimethyl sulfate under different reaction conditions to give O-methyl caprolactim (2) and N-methyl caprolactam (3). We Studied the ~1H NMR spectra of the two compounds in detail and confirmed their structural assignment.


This paper does not conduce to solution of the stated problem by any means. It does, however, dokument and demonstrate some instance of the situation and the positron of ethnic in our society, especially those of the Romany minority, both, in the past and contemporary society. The paper is aimed to survey several attempts of possible processes of integrating ethnic minorities into the society as well as to elaborate the individua segment sof the issue, e.g. education, application in the workforce, family background probleme, crime rate to the measures suggested the authorites would be able to take in order to deal with the probleme occurred. Please note that the thesis is oriented more or less at the Romany ethnic group as i tis by large the most numerous minority in the Czech Republic.


Web data sources contain large amounts of geo-social data, consisting of users, friendship/follower networks, check-ins, reviews, locations, etc., which are of great interest to academia and industry. There are publicly available datasets of samples of this web data, but they are very old (over ten years), not large, and not rich in attributes. Alternatively, one could use the public APIs to access and download web data. Unfortunately, this process is challenging due to the APIs limitations (e.g. the amount of data retrieved in a request, the number of requests performed within a timeframe, etc.). Thus, there is a need for algorithms that, given the limitations, are able to retrieve a good quality dataset from web sources, a need that the current state-of-the-art does not address. This thesis aims to provide algorithms and tools that can produce larger, recent, duplicate-free, and rich-in-attributes spatial entity data. To obtain larger and recent data from web data sources, we propose multi-source seed-driven (MSSD) algorithms that use the public free APIs to extract geosocial data. The MSSD algorithms aim to maximize the amount of data extracted while minimizing the number of requests and respecting each source's API limitations. The rationale behind the seeddriven algorithms is to perform some API requests for having an initial dataset and then use the points of the richest source as seed in the API requests for the rest of the sources. We propose different techniques for choosing the points and the radius of the search. We opt for a multi-source solution given that multiple sources provide independent information and diverse attributes as opposed to using only one source. Moreover, we experimentally demonstrate that using a single source algorithm sometimes converges to a dead end. The MSSD algorithms extract overall 14.3 times more data than the initial querying, and the optimized version MSSD* retrieves 90% of the data with less than 16% of the requests of the non-optimized version. When obtaining multi-source data, the same spatial entity might exist in different sources and sometimes even within the same source. These "duplicates" are not easy to detect since they have different attributes, they are expressed in different forms, and they might even contain contradicting attribute values. The problem of finding which pairs of spatial entities refer to a real physical entity is referred to as spatial entity linkage. We address this problem with several algorithms, which all share the same spatial blocking technique, and they use skylines to rank the compared pairs. The spatial blocking technique (QuadFlex) that we propose is a quadtree-inspired algorithm that groups the spatial entities based on the distance between them and the area's density. Moreover, it allows the assignment of spatial entities in more than one child to not miss any relevant comparisons. The spatial entities that fall into the same child are compared pairwise. To decide which pairs belong to the same physical entity, we propose novel skyline-based (SkyEx*) algorithms, which use preference functions to assign skylines to the pairs. The threshold-based SkyEx, SkyEx-F and SkyEx-FES require a threshold that is the number of skylines to separate the positive from the negative class, and they are able to achieve an F-measure of 0.72 on the whole dataset and 0.85 on a manually labeled sample. We introduce a fully unsupervised algorithm, SkyExD, which does not need a threshold and instead sets the cut-off based on the distance of the skylines. We demonstrate experimentally that SkyEx-D can reach a near-optimal F-measure (less than 0.01 loss). Additionally, we offer skyex, an R-package that implements the threshold-based and unsupervised skyline-based algorithms, supports the whole entity linkage pipeline with other stateof-the-art methods for entity blocking and comparisons, and provides a powerful Analysis and Visualization module to aid the explainability of the results. Besides the unsupervised algorithms, we propose a trained skyline-based algorithm, SkyEx-T, which is able to learn the preference function and the cut-off in tiny training sets (0.05%-1% of the dataset) and still achieve machine-learning-level accuracy. Moreover, the SkyEx-T model is fully explainable and readable, in contrast to the commonly-used black-box machine learning techniques. Furthermore, SkyEx-T has no weights nor layered architecture; consequently, it shows high robustness in deployment, while for the machine learning, some re-configuration and re-tuning of parameters might be needed when the new data arrives. Finally, we demonstrate that SkyEx-T cutoff closely approximates the optimal cut-off, even though it was learned on a tiny training set. With our algorithms in the spatial entity linkage, we ensure a duplicate-free dataset and rich-in-attribute spatial entities. Overall, this thesis contributes with effective and efficient algorithms for the initial and fundamental step of every geo-social research study: having recent, good-quality, rich-in-attributes datasets. We propose the MSSD-* algorithms that make the data extraction process more effective (14.3 times more data than the initial querying) while managing the requests carefully. We further improve the quality of the retrieved data by detecting pairs that refer to the same entity with high precision and recall while having an explainable and robust model (SkyEx-* algorithms). In the future, in the context of data extraction, we aim to work on hybrid algorithms that combine location-based with user-based and keyword-based API requests and use supervised techniques to learn the parameters of APIs. In the context of spatial entity linkage, we plan to work on hybrid blocking techniques that combine spatial attributes with textual and semantic ones, multi-class classification for the skyline-based algorithms, and crowdsourcing techniques for improving the labeling of the pairs. Members of the assessment committee are Associate Professor Manfred Jaeger, Aalborg University, Denmark, Associate Professor Maria Luisa Damiani, University of Milano, Italy, and Professor Konstantinos Stefanidis, University of Tampere, Finland. Professor Torben Bach Pedersen and Professor Esteban Zimányi are Suela Isaj's supervisors. The moderator is Associate Professor Christian Thomsen.


Potassium (K+) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development. Previous studies have demonstrated that Calcineurin B-Like Protein1 (CBL1) or CBL9 and CBL-Interacting Protein Kinase23 (CIPK23) regulate K+ uptake in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) roots by modulating K+ channel Arabidopsis K+ Transporter1. In this study, we show that the protein kinase CIPK9 interacts with the calcium sensor CBL3 and plays crucial roles in K+ homeostasis under low-K+ stress in Arabidopsis. Arabidopsis wild-type plants showed leaf chlorotic symptoms when grown for 10 d on low-K+ (100 μm) medium. Here, we show that plants lacking CIPK9 displayed a tolerant phenotype to low-K+ stress, which still maintained green leaves when the wild-type plants showed typical K+-deficient symptoms. Overexpressing lines of CIPK9 resulted in a low-K+-sensitive phenotype compared with wild-type plants. Furthermore, CBL2 and CBL3 were identified as upstream regulators of CIPK9. Both CBL2- and CBL3-overexpressing lines displayed similar low-K+-sensitive phenotypes and K+ contents to CIPK9-overexpressing lines. However, only cbl3 mutant plants, but not cbl2 mutant plants, showed the low-K+-tolerant phenotype similar to cipk9 mutants. Taken together, these results demonstrate that CIPK9 and CBL3 work together and function in K+ homeostasis under low-K+ stress in Arabidopsis.


The loss of cellular function during the ageing process is a consequence of the cumulative damage caused by reactive oxygen species produced during normal aerobic metabolism [l]. The deleterious effects of free radical damage may be counterbalanced by the cell's antioxidant defence mechanism [2], an extremely complex system consisting of detoxifying enymes, low molecular weight antioxidant molecules and repair and turnover processes. When the free radical load increases over and above the capacity of the antioxidant system or the antioxidant system becomes less effective, then the cell is in a state of "oxidative stress' 131. According to the free radical theory, ageing is the result of chronic oxidative stress [l]. Oxidative stress in cell culture can be generated in many different ways. The cell's antioxidant defences can be compromised by, for example, inhibiting catalas0 activity by 3-aminotriazole or depleting glutathione levels using buthionine sulphoximine. The levels of exposure to reactive oxygen species may beartificially elevated by employing y-radiation, elevating oxygen tension (hyperoxia) [4] by extracellular 0% [5] and HzOz [6] or free radical generators. In this communication human hepatoma cells (HepG2) were challenged with the well-known water-soluble radical initiator 2,2'-azobis(2amidinopropane)hydmldoride (AAPH). AAPH undergoes spontan-eous thermal decomposition to form carboncentred radicals which can a) initiate the production of lipid peroxides in the presence of oxygen and polyunsaturated fatty acids 171, and b) cleave single stranded DNA 181. Therefore the use AAPH as a radical generator in cell culture offers a useful tool for studying oxidative streas. Much interest recently has been focused on the contribution of dietary flavonoids to the antioxidant defences of the cell, acting both as a radical scavengers [9] and inducers of detoxifying euzymca [lo]. These compounds can be found in many fruits and vegetables and may play a role in reducing the risk of heart disease Ill]. Of the flavonols, quercetin derivatives are present in high c~nceatnti~ns in onions, apples, wine and tea [121, and increased consumption of onions resulted in a reduced risk of stomach carcinoma [13]. Many studies have examined the biological effects of querce9 %glycone [ 141, but the most abundant forms of quercetin found in onions are the 4' substituted glycosides, quercetin4'-glucoside (QMG) and quercetin-3-4'digluside (QDG) [ 151. These glycosidic derivatives were found to be preferentially absorbed in humans 1161 compared to q u e d aglycone. In onions, the 4'-glymides contribute > 85 % to the total flavonoids [U], therefore in a dietary context, these are more relevant compared to the widely studied aglycones. Consequently, in this communication, we have examined the protective properties of these two important major dietary flavonoids in comparison to quercetin. The assay chosen indicates the ability of the flavonoids to modulate the effect of MH-induced oxidative stress in cultures of HepG2 cells. HepG2 cells were routinely grown in EMEM (Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium) containing 10% (vlv) foetal calf senun and subcultured 1 5 every 7 days (seeding density 2.5 x 10' celldcm)) in culture dishes (10 cm diameter). The medium was renewed routinely 3 days after passage. Measurements were performed on cells at 6040% confluency, 5 days after passage. AAPHcontaining media was prepared (finnl concentration of AAPH 5OmM) prior to addition of individual flavonols. Flavonols were dissolved in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), diluted with the AAPHantaining media and added to the cells so that the finnl concatration of DMSO was always below 0.2% (v/v). The cells were exposed to the MHlflavonoid mixture for two hours at 37% (appropriate controls in the absence of flavonoid and AAPH were run in parallel). AAer this time the cells were. washed in phosphate-buffered saline and harvested by treatment with 2.5% hypsinlEDTA solution followed by gentle centrifugation. Cell viability was mepsured using the trypan blue exclusion method using a bemocytometer slide under a light microscope. The number of non-viable (stained blue) and viable cells were then determined for the controls and for each treatment of flavonoid. Figure 1 shows that trmtmeat of HepG2 cells with 5OmM AAPH for two hours resulted in a decrease of cell viability from 96.9% 2 1.7% to 68.4% + 5.1%. When low concatrations of flavonols (1 and 2.5 r;M) were added to the culture media, there was no effect on this level of cell mortnlity. However at a higher conceutration (25 pM), q u e d aglycone, QMG and QDG aU increased cell viabiity after treatment with AAPH. The protection of cells from oxidative stress at this concatration may simply be due to the (HOuM H l uM H2.6uM 026uM)


The extent to which hysterectomy impacts sexual function is unclear. The estimated prevalence of sexual dysfunction among women who have undergone hysterectomy varies widely among studies and is influenced by methodological factors and characteristics of the study samples. Because pre-operative sexual dysfunction is a strong predictor of post-operative sexual dysfunction (Helström et al., 1993; Rhodes et al., 1999), it is perhaps more useful to examine the numbers of hysterectomized women who report an onset of new sexual problems post-hysterectomy. Few studies have made this distinction in evaluating sexual outcomes after hysterectomy. Among women who had not experienced symptoms prior to hysterectomy, estimated postoperative rates of new sexual dysfunction are 2 – 7% for dyspareunia, 9 – 21% for vaginal dryness, 5 – 11% for decreased sexual desire, and 2 – 11% for problems with orgasm (Carlson et al., 1994; Rhodes et al., 1999; Roovers et al., 2003; Schofield et al., 1991; Weber et al., 1999). Several prospective studies have found either no change or improvements in mean scores on measures of sexual function after hysterectomy (Bernhard, 1992; Farquhar et al., 2002; Gütl et al., 2002). Others have shown that mean frequencies of negative sexual symptoms are either unchanged or reduced one year or more after hysterectomy (Carlson et al., 1994; Rhodes et al., 1999; Virtanen et al., 1993). Prospective studies of this nature are confounded by the fact that sexual behaviour is likely to be altered just prior to any major surgery, particularly one that is associated with sexual consequences. Reports on the numbers of women who show improvements or declines in sexual function after hysterectomy have also been published. It is estimated that, retrospectively, 20 – 37% of women who have undergone hysterectomy report a deterioration in some qualitative aspect of their sexuality, while 22 – 52% report improvements (Dennerstein et al., 1977; Helström, 1994; Nathorst-Böös & von Schoultz, 1992; Weber et al., 1999). These data are not associated with features particular to hysterectomy, however, and may more generally reflect the patterns of sexual outcomes after any major surgery. Two studies using non-gynaecological surgery comparison groups have reported similar sexual outcomes among women Sexual and Relationship Therapy Vol 19, No. 1, February 2004


The temperature calculation of hollow steel sections at elevated temperatures is a well-documented and standard procedure. Through this standard procedure, the temperature can be calculated by assuming a uniform gas temperature all around the section, which is called a symmetric fire in this paper. Embedding in surrounding structures or connecting to another steel member results in non-symmetric heat distribution in the member. This non-symmetricity of the surrounding temperature may cause surface- to-surface heat radiation inside the member, thus affecting the steel section temperature distribution. This effect is considered in this paper by adopting analytical and finite element method analysis.


The authors report on the design and fabrication of an eight-pole bandpass filter based on the capacitive connection of four third-harmonic, two-pole monolithic filters using a 163/spl deg/ rotated Y-cut lithium tantalate substrate. The filter has a nominal center frequency of 32.5 MHz, and attains a bandwidth of approximately 0.5% of center frequency. The close agreement between the measured response and the design specifications validates the design and fabrication procedures used.<<ETX>>


The Zeytinburnu Military Factory, a large complex, was built with the purpose of modernizing the army as a result of the reform movements of 1826. The necessary materials and machines for the factory whose construction is known to have continued between 1845–1846, were brought from London by Barutçubaşi Hoca Ohannes Dadyan Efendi. British engineer William Frin was responsible of the construction and assembly of the factory. The factory was established on a wide area between the Sea of Marmara and the railroad. A map dated 1918 shows the factory buildings and contains information about their functions. Eight buildings/building groups of the factory are still extant. They show variation in the roof structures and their supports. Three of the 4 cranes in one of the buildings were removed. The factory buildings that house original examples of the period's construction techniques must first be documented in detail and then measures must be taken for their conservation.


Temporally aggregated data is a bane for Granger causality tests. The same set of variables may lead to contradictory causality inferences at different levels of temporal aggregation. Obtaining temporally disaggregated data series is impractical in many situations. Since cointegration is invariant to temporal aggregation and implies Granger causality this paper proposes a sign rule to establish the direction of causality. Temporal aggregation leads to a distortion of the sign of the adjustment coefficients of an error correction model. The sign rule works better with highly temporally aggregated data. The practitioners, therefore, may revert to using annual data for Granger causality testing instead of looking for quarterly, monthly or weekly data. The method is illustrated through three applications.


The thermal residual strain in the three layered materials, [WC-10mass%Ni]-[Ni]-[WC-10mass%Ni], [WC-10mass%Ni]-[SUS304(plate)]-[WC-10mass%Ni] and [WC-10mass%Ni]-[Ni(plate)]-[WC-10mass%Ni], has been investigated by neutron diffraction measurement. They were made by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis. Original materials of composite [WC-10mass%Ni] are powders of W, C and Ni, and those of the middle layers are the powders of Ni, a plate of SUS304 and a plate of Ni. The samples were 40mm in diameter and about 4mm in thickness of each layer. The result of the measurement shows that the middle layer made from powders of Ni has no strain, which suggests that it shrinks from high temperature freely from the existence of both side layers. On the other hand, the middle layer made from a plate material experiences complex stress according to each position and to each direction of the sample, which suggests that it shrinks from high temperature in a state of tight binding on both side layers. The Ni region in the composite material, [WC-10mass%Ni], has a large tensile strain of 0.6 to 1.0%, whereas WC region has a negligibly small compressive strain. In this case, the Ni region shrinks under the hard connection with the WC region, of which the thermal expansion coefficient is relatively small.


Erdheim Chester Disease (ECD) is a NonLangerhans histiocytic disorder without a clear cut etiology [1,2]. NonLangerhans histiocytic disorders are named as such due to the fact that the disorder or the cells affected are derived from cells other than that of Langerhanstypically of monocytic/ macrophagic origin [3]. Erdheim Chester Disease causes inflammation followed by invasion and accumulation in the tissue or organ involved and has been recently classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a histiocytic neoplasm [1-7]. It most commonly affects bones in the lower limbs; nevertheless, signs and symptoms may arise in the brain, lungs, heart, eyes, and other body organs [7]. Herein we present a case of 43 year-old male with ECS who presented with impending pericardial tamponade and managed with pericardiocentesis, steroids and immunosuppressant therapy.


The authors have produced a book which should be of interest to students whose mathematical approach to the subject is limited. In each problem the authors have taken great care to indicate in detail how the examples should be solved, though the cancelling of numerator and denominator looks a little untidy. There is a good selection of problems at the end of each chapter selected from questions set by C.G.L.I., E.M.E.U. and U.L.C.I. examining bodies, for Which numerical answers are provided. The M.K.S. system of units has been used throughout, and the book is well illustrated with clear diagrams, and photographs and drawings of the latest manufacturers' designs. N. WOLFENDEN


The invention relates to polyvinylidene fluoride/polyethersulfone blending membrane with manufacture method and application. Wherein, the method comprises: blending the materials, adding organic and inorganic additives, preparing casting-film liquid with solvent; making into plate membrane or spinning into hollow fiber membrane with dry-wet method to reduce membrane shrinkage greatly and increase flux obviously. This product can be used in flood filter, blood plasma separation and water treatment.


With the death of Apple CEO Steven Jobs on October 5, the world lost an icon, a man who had come to stand for innovation, creativity, and technology tools that reflected a passion for zen-like simplicity and flawless user experience. For people everywhere, Steve Jobs was the face of modern innovation, not to mention the latest version of the great American rags-to-riches story. Witness the hundreds of blog posts offering a varying number of innovation lessons, or life lessons, from Steve Jobs. Although he is credited with creating, disrupting, or reinventing at least six different industries, 1 Jobs's primary legacy is the company he built over the last decade into the most valuable corporation in the world- and a byword for innovation. With its seemingly endless stream of products that promise, as the New York Times obituary put it, "not just products but a digital lifestyle," Apple has profoundly influenced how we all think not just about technology, but about innovation itself. Beyond the eulogies and encomiums, beyond the neat lists of life lessons, Steve Jobs has had an incalculable impact on the way that innovation is practiced today. A number of writers, in the pages of magazines like Fortune, Time, and Wired , and in a stream of books, have explored the intensely personal stamp Jobs put on everything at Apple; the most recent, and perhaps most complete, is Walter Isaacson's presciently timed biography, the only one with which Jobs cooperated. (As a side note, there is some entertainment value in reading Amazon reviews of the cycle of books on Apple published in the late 1990s, just before and after Jobs's return to the helm, describing the "failure" of Apple. It is educational to remember how few people saw the company's resurgence coming; even fewer, it appears, saw Jobs as a likely vehicle for that rebirth.) And there have been attempts to formulate Apple's "innovation principles" for others to emulate. Jeffrey L. Cruikshank's The Apple Way (2005) promises to "reveal the master plan behind Apple's revolutionary business model" and how to implement the company's "winning strategies" in any organization. In The Innovation Secrets of Steve Jobs (2010), Carmine Gallo offers seven principles of innovation-Steve Jobs's strategies for "sparking true creativity-and real innovation- in any workplace." But even the most casual observer would have to agree that there is no list of seven principles or twelve secrets that can codify Apple's magic or capture Jobs's legacy. There is no secret alchemy by which any company can be magically transformed into a machine for producing breakthrough innovations. In Design-Driven Innovation (2009), Roberto Verganti relates that an Apple marketing manager described the company's market research program "as consisting of 'Steve looking in the mirror every morning and asking himself what he wants'" (viii). This is clearly not a replicable process, unless your CEO is Steve Jobs (and even Steve Jobs struggled with it sometimes). Indeed, Apple's approach to innovation is itself radically innovative-in its focus on complete user experiences rather than product features, in its understanding of design as fundamentally functional rather than purely aesthetic, in its ability to imagine what users will want and then sell consumers on that vision, in its willingness to cannibalize its own product lines in pursuit of the next breakthrough. For Verganti, this is all part of a "radical innovation of meaning," a bid to reinvent how consumers think and feel about a product. As a 2010 article in The Economist pointed out, most of the technologies on which Apple has built its empire are not new; rather, the company "excels at taking existing, half-baked ideas and showing the rest of the world how to do them properly." Doing them properly, at Apple, means reimagining every aspect of how users will interact with a product-and with its associated elements. So, creating the iPod meant not just making a better portable music player, but creating a better way for users to access, curate, and share music. …


Three patients developed a haemorrhagic eruption on the hands after taking phenylbutazone. The reaction appeared within two weeks of taking the drug and is probably an allergic capillaritis. All patients showed generalised capillary fragility with a positive Hess test which became negative within a week of stopping the drug. A mechanism is suggested for the development and distribution of the blisters.


ABSTRACT Climate change is a complex and uncertain phenomenon, requiring political approaches that can find compromise and incorporate feedback from experience, as well as harness the role of civil society in holding governments to account. It thus presents an unusual challenge for China, the world's largest greenhouse-gas emitter and an authoritarian regime, which tends to avoid the inclusion of non-state actors in governance. Drawing on ethnographic research among contemporary Chinese environmental journalists, this article suggests that climate change, as a destabilizing phenomenon with nonlinear and uncertain dynamics, can be drawn upon to develop a pluralistic political position that may run counter to such authoritarian approaches. It shows that Chinese journalists can create in climate reporting a space where outcomes are not known in advance, and where people therefore might generate political positions that challenge dominant narratives around science, technology, and the environment.


To enhance the hit-probability of an anti-aircraft gun, an accurate and compact calculation of the future position for target and the ballistic trajectory to impact a target are required. There is a trajectory calculation method called the point mass analysis, which solves a 2nd order differential equation. In order to get its approximate solutions, a numerical analysis that takes long time and many iterations is required. To overcome these defects, this paper proposes a new and compact method of trajectory calculation that uses the trajectory table with every 0.5° elevation step and the compensation table for distance error caused by range wind and cross wind. Those tables consist of coefficients of a polynomial obtained by curve-fitting. The traverse and the elevation angles can be found easily without iterations by using the table. And to verify the accuracy of the proposed method the error between the approximate solution and the solution from the tables was analyzed.


Reservoir dams are an important part of the national hydraulic engineering system and the essential infrastructure of economy and social development.Improving the safe management of reservoir dams plays an important role in guaranteeing public safety and promoting social harmony and stability.In this paper,based on the news samples concerning reservoir dams from 1949 to 2008,the text analysis method is used to analyze those relevant reports from the aspects of numbers issues,potency,and so on.At the same time,the contents of reports are compared with the reality of history.Research shows that the value orientation of media and dam management concepts of the government have undergone three stages: from 1949 to 1970,media's perspective changed from a high degree of concern to aphasia and the government attached too much importance to dam constructionbut made light of management;from 1971 to 2000,media became rational and pluralistic and the safety of dams gradually attracted the government 's attention;from 2001 to now,media reports reflected the agenda of policy and human care,and new concepts such as people-centeredness,project risk,combination of engineering measures with non-structural measures has entered the management of dams.


Polycarbonate membranes with one pore only are created by the track-etching technique. The shape and size of the pore are determined by the type of etchant as well as by the temperature and etching time. The dynamics of single-pore formation during etching is investigated to determine the breakthrough time and the track-etching rate. The pore is characterized by electrical conductivity measurements and scanning electron microscopy. This kind of template is employed for the electrochemical deposition of a single bismuth wire that is left in the polymer for further measurements of its electrical properties.


This study is devoted to the 3D numerical simulation of viscoelastic fluids flow through a curved channel of square cross-section. For a low Dean numbers, Deborah number is varing from 0,1 to 0,6. The numerical method uses a finite volume discretization with a staggered grid, and the equations are written in general orthogonal coordinates. The Phan-Thien-Tanner equation is used for modelling viscoelasticity. The study shows the influence of viscoelasticity on the intensity of Dean Vortices and the dynamic field in particularly the axial velocity of the main flow. Mots clefs : Viscoelasticite, Vortex de Dean, Conduite courbe, Nombre de Deborah, Volumes finis.


Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is an uncommon but distinct form of mature B-cell neoplasm that originates from activated late B-cells. It represents only 2% of all adult lymphoid leukemia; patients are predominantly middle-aged to elderly males with a median age of 50 years and is characterized by pancytopenia, monocytopenia and usually associated with massive splenomegaly.
 HCL associated with BRAF mutation 100% of cases, it's associated with hematological and oncological malignancies such as melanoma and papillary thyroid cancer with positive BRAF in 40 % of cases.
 Although the association of both cancers (HCL & papillary thyroid cancer) with BRAF mutation is well established in the literature, up to our knowledge, this specific combination has not been previously reported in one patient.
 Here we report a case of 48-year old Lebanese male, who presented to with bilateral hip pain and found to have lytic bone lesions on both x-ray and MRI. HIS CBC were normal and abdominal US didn't show any splenomegaly. Work-up for myeloma were negative.
 Bone marrow examination and flow cytometry results confirmed the diagnosis of hairy cell leukemia. The patient treated with cladrabine.
 Patient responded but have continues fever, PUO included Piston tomography showed abnormal uptake in thyroid. Ultrasound and final needle aspiration diagnose him as case of papillary thyroid cancer. He was treated with total thyroidectomy and followed up with RAI 30 micori.
 We sent BRAF from both bone marrow biopsy and thyroid tissue which turn out positive in both. The mutation results in substitution of adenine for thymine at position 1799 in exon 15 of the BRAF that replaces Valine (V) by glutamate (E) at amino acid 600(BRAF V600E).
 Although the BRAF V600E mutation is frequently present in different neoplasms, such as melanoma, papillary thyroid cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, colorectal cancer and Langerhans cell histiocytosis (X), within the lymphoid neoplasms, the BRAFV600E mutation is found to be highly specific for HCL and testing for this mutation is particularly useful in differentiating classic HCL from other B- cell neoplasm with overlapping features, such as HCL variant
 Mutation in BRAF (particularly V600E) in HCL remarkably increase the BRAF kinase activity renders the protein constitutively active, phosphorylating then ERK as a monomers independent from upstream regulatory signals or in a RAS-independent manner leading to constitutive activation of RAF-MEK-ERK signaling pathway and enhanced survival of leukemic hairy cells, similar to what occurs in other BRAF-mutated tumors as papillary thyroid carcinomas
 Other BRAF mutations outside exon 15 were rarely reported as exon 11 F468C and D449E mutations.
 We emphasize on the link of BRAF mutation in HCL and papillary thyroid cancer. The biology has been established but never in real clinical case. We recommend having high clinical suspicion and sending BRAF mutation in those types of cancers and link it with other possible abnormal findings, as might detect more cases of similar association.

 No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Time-resolved number densities of N2(A3Σu +, v = 0, 1) molecules in diffuse ns pulse discharge plasmas in N2, N2–H2, N2–CH4, N2–CO2, and N2–CO2–CH4 are measured by tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS). The first series of measurements is made in the discharge pulse bursts at a relatively low pulse repetition rate (3 kHz), when the N2(A3Σu +) generation and decay after individual discharge pulses is fully resolved. The second set of data is taken during a sequence of two pulse bursts generated at a higher pulse repetition rate (100 kHz), for different delay times between the first and second bursts. This approach is used to determine the effect of accumulation and decay of reacting species generated in the plasma, including N, H, and O atoms, CO molecules, and C2 hydrocarbon product species, on the rate of N2(A3Σu +) production and quenching. The effect of these species can be isolated since the rates of N2(A3Σu +) quenching by the initial reactant species (H2, CH4, and CO2) are slow. Comparison of the measurement results with the kinetic modeling predictions is used to obtain insight into the plasma chemical reaction kinetics. The results complement the measurements of N, H, O, and CO in high-pressure reacting plasmas, and help quantify the plasma chemical processes driven by the electron impact dissociation, electronic excitation, and reactive quenching of the excited electronic states. The present results may be used for the development and validation of higher fidelity kinetic models of reacting plasmas, incorporating state-specific electronic and vibrational energy transfer and chemical reactions.


Recent celebrated criminal cases have raised the public's awareness of forensic science. The advent of DNA technology, in particular, has led to a perception of instrumental techniques that lead to a mathematical probability of guilt that approaches certainty. Mostly passed over in press accounts of forensic operations is the use of the microscope in the examination of physical evidence. By the use of an example from an adjudicated criminal case it is hoped that a greater appreciation is gained of the microscope, that in its various forms, is by far the most widely used instrument in a crime laboratory today. A middle-aged woman was reported missing by her son after the Memorial Day weekend in 1997. An examination of her apartment by members of the Washington State Patrol Crime Scene Response Team revealed a small amount of blood on her bedding. This bedding, together with other items, was taken into evidence.


The report gives details of the design of solid13; state programmers for the pressure scanners that are13; extensively deployed for measurement of multiple pressures


In regard to external form, Nerine foliosa , Sars, is generally taken as the type of the family, and therefore it may be selected for structural examination in the first instance. Anteriorly the pointed snout is completed by the intricate interlacing of the muscular fibres beneath specially thickened cuticular and hypodermic layers. As soon as the body-wall assumes a rounded form, a layer of circular and oblique muscular fibres occurs beneath the hypoderm, the majority having the latter ( i.e. , the oblique) direction. In the centre of the area the oesophagus is suspended by strong muscular bundles (the most conspicuous of which are vertical) passing from the hypodermic basement-layer in the middle line superiorly to be attached to the œsophagal wall. A second series, as they descend to their insertion at the ventral surface, give lateral support to the tube; while a third group interlace in a complex manner, and, with the blood-vessels, fill up the space between the œsophagus and the wall of the body.


The student counseling in Copenhagen has now existed for 25 years. The development of the organization, its professional members, and their aim in counseling students are described. The client frequency is 1.4% of the total student population, which is low compared with frequencies seen in the health student centers in other Nordic countries. Most clients come from the humanistic courses, and twice as many women as men seek treatment. The psychiatric covering in the counseling is very low-that is, three psychiatrists 3 h a week. In this study the psychiatric consultations over a 3-year period (n = 61) with one of the psychiatrists are described. Seventy-five per cent of the clients are less than 30 years old, typically 26 years. The average length of studying is 4.9 years. The most frequent reasons for admission are anxiety (27%), problems of identity (20%), and interpersonal difficulties (18%). Most clients are diagnosed as having personality disorder, most often a borderline state (53%), and very few ha...


Additional file 1: Supplementary Figure 1. Protocol of MPT0E028 administration in ISO-treated rats. BID = twice per day; CTL = control; DMSO = dimethyl sulfoxide; IP = intraperitoneal; ISO = isoproterenol; PO = per os (by mouth); QD = once per day. Supplementary Figure 2. The serum levels of NT-proBNP and collagen area in myocardium of ISO-treated rats. MPT0E028 administration significantly reduced the serum NT-proBNP levels and collagen area in myocardium in ISO-treated rats. BID = twice per day; CTL = control; ISO = isoproterenol; NT-proBNP=N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide; QD = once per day. *p


Introduction: the integration of technology in language teaching, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic caused the search for different pedagogical strategies. Due to this drastic change in education along with the rapid access to online resources have placed technology as the most important tool in teaching. Therefore, when planning a class, the teacher must consider digital tools and dynamic methodologies to streamline and motivate students to reduce their affective filter. Objective: the current research aims to determine the effectiveness of Kahoot in the reduction of the impact of the EFL students' affective filter.  Methods: this study developed applied research with a mixed method approach and descriptive scope, with a quasi-experimental design. 42 students actively participated. For the data gathering, two main tools of data collection were used, namely a survey to look for information about the impact of students' affective filter during the virtual classes and a pre and post-test based on reading comprehension to check the students' English performance. Conclusions: the students are facing negative experiences in their learning of English because their affective filter is high. Besides, after the intervention phase with the use of Kahoot, the students improved their English performance in the reading comprehension skill. Therefore, it is suggested to continue sampling innovative technological resources to enhance students' performance.


In this study,the feeding habitat characteristics of Gazella subgutturosa in the Karamori Mountain Nature Reserve,Xinjiang were researched during the period from 2006 to 2007.Mann-Whitney U test and principal component analysis were used in the multivariate analysis of variables.Mann-Whitney U test showed that Gazella subgutturosa prefer the habitats with high total plant richness and vegetation coverage,and the vegetation height and the biomass can be consumed by Gazella subgutturosa.The principal component analysis(PCA) showed that the main environmental factors affecting the feeding habitat selection of Gazella subgutturosa are the food factors(such as the species richness,biomass and density of main plants consumed by Gazella subgutturosa),security factors(such as the slope position and vegetation coverage),temperature factors(such as the aspect and vegetation height) and water factors(such as the plants containing more water).In winter,Gazella subgutturosa are forced to choose some sub-favorable places as their feeding sites due to the severe disturbance of local livestock grazing in the reserve.


Trichomoniasis isa common sexually transmitted disease withanestimated incidence of4million to8million casesa yearintheUnited States. Themostcommonly usedmethodofdiagnosis isa direct microscopic observation (wetmount) ofvaginal secretions and,although bothrapid andinexpensive, thesensitivity ofthis technique isgenerally 50to70%.We developed an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) for thedetection ofTrichomonas vaginalis whichisbothrapid andsensitive (detection limit ofapproximately 100 trichomonads per ml).Thisassay,whichemploys affinity-purifie d rabbit anti-T. vaginalis antibodies ina "sandwich" configuration, issimple toperform andisneither interfered withnorappearstocross-react with other microorganisms which arecommon inhabitants oftheurogenital tract. Onehundredandseventy-seven consecutive unselected patients attending a clinic forsexually transmitted diseases were evaluated for trichomoniasis byabroth culture technique monitored forupto7days(andconsidered heretobethestandard forpositivity), theconventional wetmountmethod, a solid culture procedure, andtheELISA.Ofthese, 84 were positive byculture; 33were positive bythewetmount; anddespite thefactthatthevaginal specimens werediluted 20-fold during theculture procedures prior totesting intheELISA, 65werepositive byELISA. Inaddition toexhibiting asensitivity of77%,thespecificity oftheELISAwas 100%.Theseresults demonstrate thattheELISAisa significant improvement overthewetmountmethodforthediagnosis oftrichomoniasis. Despite increased awareness ofthefrequency ofTrichomonasvaginalis infections worldwide, themostpopular clinical diagnostic toolremains thewetmountordirect microscopic examination ofspecimens frompatients. Under thebestcircumstances this technique isonly75%sensitive (25) andmorecommonly isonly50to70%sensitive (9,27,


Person search by language is an important application in video surveillance. The existing huge visual-semantic discrepancy and the cross-domain difficulty of emerging pedestrian images with new identities while no language description for training in real life application make this problem non-trivial to be addressed. In this paper, we first propose a concise and effective framework for image-sentence alignment to deal with the visual-semantic discrepancy. Second, we innovatively fuse the two opposite directions, i.e., source to target and target to source, for cross-domain adaption. Extensive experiments have validated the significant superiority of the proposed method on both source domain and target domain, and we have obtained the state-of-the-art performance and won the 1st place in competition.


Fashion toys are a multi-element concept that incorporates art, design and painting, The POP MART (PM) become one of the most fashionable toy brands worldwide. This paper examined the reasons that PM 's blind box products have become very popular in recent years, in terms of marketing mix theory, and why more and more young people are also becoming more willing to buy blind boxes. In addition, this paper used SWOT to conduct a comprehensive analysis of PM, which showed that PM not only has unique advantages in terms of product IP, such as cooperation with well-known brand IP, but also analyzed the trend chart of the blind box market, which clearly shows that the blind box market has the potential to grow, so if PM wanted their products to become better and attract more young people's attention, they need to constantly improve their marketing and product IP, and design better blind box products for their customers, and eventually broaden their business.


Background We evaluated predictors of coronary heart disease (CHD) death and sudden cardiac death (SCD) in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Methods and Results The study population included 13 621 men and women 45 to 65 years of age free from manifest cardiovascular disease at entry. Hazard ratios from Cox regression with 95% confidence intervals were computed for 18 dichotomized repolarization‐related ECG variables. The average follow‐up was 14 years. Independent predictors of CHD death in men were TaVR‐ and rate‐adjusted QTend (QTea), with a 2‐fold increased risk for both, and spatial angles between mean QRS and T vectors and between Tpeak (Tp) and normal R reference vectors [θ(Rm|Tm) and θ(Tp|Tref), respectively], with a >1.5‐fold increased risk for both. In women, independent predictors of the risk of CHD death were θ(Rm|Tm), with a 2‐fold increased risk for θ(Rm|Tm), and θ(Tp|Tref), with a 1.7‐fold increased risk. Independent predictors of SCD in men were θ(Tp|Tref) and QTea, with a 2‐fold increased risk, and θ(Tinit|Tterm), with a 1.6‐fold increased risk. In women, θ(Tinit|Tterm) was an independent predictor of SCD, with a >3‐fold increased risk, and θ(Rm|Tm) and TV1 were >2‐fold for both. Conclusions θ(Rm|Tm) and θ(Tp|Tref), reflecting different aspects of ventricular repolarization, were independent predictors of CHD death and SCD, and TaVR and TV1 were also independent predictors. The risk levels for independent predictors for both CHD death and SCD were stronger in women than in men, and QTea was a significant predictor in men but not in women.


A perusal of publications and working plans from different States of the Union, brings to light a considerable variety of terms not officially recognized by Silvicultural Conferences, to designate and describe Silvicultural Systems prescribed. By way of illustration, a few selected samples are given. These are discussed in brief, and critically analysed with a view to ascertaining whether they fulfil the requirements of a Silvicultural System. It appears that the mushroom growth of Silvicultural Systems is attributable, to a great measure, to our present inadequate criteria for the recognition of a Silvicultural System. A suggestion is, therefore, made for a more comprehensive concept of a System in order to effectively standardize the approach, for use in the Indian Union.


The year 1960 produced a number of interesting statements in widely divergent scholarly contexts calling for a closer scrutiny of the contribution of grammar—of syntax, word order, morphology—to poetic effect. In a journal concerned largely with the teaching of English appeared Harry Warfel's contention that "the significant differences in literature lie in an author's syntactical maneuvering," and his further suggestion that the characterization in plays, in Shakespeare's at any rate, is subtly indicated by different syntactic patterns in the speeches of the dramatis personae. In a journal devoted to aesthetics, meanwhile, Francis Utley was appealing to the linguistic concept of immediate constituents to suggest the possibility of a "tension of ambiguities" in poetry. Referring specifically to Arnold's the Sea of Faith Was once, too, at the full, and round earth's shore Lay like the folds …


Eswaran does not have defi nitive answers. Part of the appeal of his text is his appreciation of the limit of economic models, his focus on the dynamics of human interaction and reaction, his unwillingness to segregate the study of women and men, and his sensitivity to context. Context matters, more so for women than for men, as economic experiments with contemporary subjects have demonstrated. However, context also matters to the professions and to an understanding of professionalizing processes. Economics continues to lag behind most fi elds in the number of female full professors. Only the physical sciences fare worse. Why has it taken so long for a comprehensive economics text about women to appear? Why has Eswaran accomplished what other economists have not? If the personal is political, as women's rights advocates maintain, might not the professional be personal and political? Eswaran is a development economist and the father of two daughters. Evidence has shown that people's political voting preferences depend in part on the sex composition of children in their families and that parents with daughters tend to affi liate with left-wing parties. As Eswaran himself suggests, "This may be an avenue through which men begin to appreciate and adopt feminist views" (332). Hooray to that.


In July 2000, Angelou Economic Advisors prepared an economic development plan for the City of Irving, Texas. Six high value-added clusters were identified as recruitment and retention targets. This report by the University of North Texas Center for Economic Development and Research re-assesses those industries to ascertain if they should remain the focus of City and Chamber economic development efforts.


Recent work in developing student assignments has involved making use of online data resources to make them more interesting and to give students real world information to interact with in some manner. While definitely a practical approach, the work that has been done so far is either for "CS0" courses targeted at non-majors, often using tools like Microsoft Excel, or courses that require a level of skill at programming from the students. Additionally, existing tools are specific to a particular structure of the data (CSV, XML, and others). As a result, these constraints make on-line real-world data sets difficult to use in typical introductory programming courses for majors.
 Objects-first approaches to teaching introductory programming advocate the use of objects early on. Consequently, students are able to take advantage of using data types early on. We have created an interface that allows students to access real-world data sets from online (or local) sources in a uniform fashion. This abstraction allows students with minimal programming experience to load, process, and manipulate external data sets in a variety of formats. We also developed a lab assignment where students accessed an online CSV data source to demonstrate feasibility and to gain experience with classroom use of this approach.


As demands increase for goods transportation services, long articulated vehicles are introduced as a viable alternative to conventional heavy-duty vehicles. Nowadays, steering control systems are commonly used for enhancing the stability and handling of articulated vehicles. As situations become more difficult for the movement of a vehicle, the ability of the steering actuators decreases and it will not be possible to use this controller alone in critical maneuvers. Another effective way to adjust the directional dynamics of a long articulated vehicle is the simultaneous application of the braking and steering systems. In a situation where the vehicle is close to the ultimate steering limit, it is desirable to reduce the speed, and the steering system can be strengthened through the intervention of the braking system. In this article, a 23 degree of freedom dynamic model of the long articulated vehicle has been developed in MATLAB software. After determining the reference control variables, we will design a sliding mode controller to steer the tractor's front axle and the semi-trailer's rear axles. After defining and setting the weight coefficients using a performance indicator, we will design an integrated controller in a way that if maneuvers become more difficult to perform and the efficiency of the steering actuators decreases, the braking forces exerted on the tractor's rear axle and the semi-trailer's rear axles will take a share in regulating the vehicle's movement. The main achievement of this article is the introduction of a new method to integrate braking and steering control systems in long articulated vehicles. The paper aims to prove that only if manoeuvres become more difficult to perform and the performance of steering actuators decreases, then braking forces can take part in regulating the vehicle's movement.


Background Bacterial community composition in the marine environment differs from one geographical location to another. Reports that delineate the bacterial diversity of different marine samples from geographically similar location are limited. The present study aims to understand whether the bacterial community compositions from different marine samples harbour similar bacterial diversity since these are geographically related to each other. Methods and Principal Findings In the present study, 16S rRNA deep sequencing analysis targeting V3 region was performed using Illumina bar coded sequencing. A total of 22.44 million paired end reads were obtained from the metagenomic DNA of Marine sediment, Rhizosphere sediment, Seawater and the epibacterial DNA of Seaweed and Seagrass. Diversity index analysis revealed that Marine sediment has the highest bacterial diversity and the least bacterial diversity was observed in Rhizosphere sediment. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the dominant taxa present in all the marine samples. Nearly 62–71% of rare species were identified in all the samples and most of these rare species were unique to a particular sample. Further taxonomic assignment at the phylum and genus level revealed that the bacterial community compositions differ among the samples. Conclusion This is the first report that supports the fact that, bacterial community composition is specific for specific samples irrespective of its similar geographical location. Existence of specific bacterial community for each sample may drive overall difference in bacterial structural composition of each sample. Further studies like whole metagenomic sequencing will throw more insights to the key stone players and its interconnecting metabolic pathways. In addition, this is one of the very few reports that depicts the unexplored bacterial diversity of marine samples (Marine sediment, Rhizosphere sediment, Seawater) and the host associated marine samples (Seaweed and Seagrass) at higher depths from uncharacterised coastal region of Palk Bay, India using next generation sequencing technology.


Combining with practical experience of our college national student physique health standard in recent years,by referring to literature,this paper makes detailed explanation.The main purpose is to deeply understand test and provide the theoretical guidance for people who engaging in test work in the future.


The laser sensor which based on laser triangulation measurement combines the special mechanism.It could complete non-contact fine measurement for internal or outside screw thread.It can not only get the precise parameters by direct measure when the thread is new,but also get the parameters by computer processing when the screw thread was covered in part by dust or smeary,and find out the damage of axial direct and wear of radial direct.Linearity of full scope for the system is better than 0.1%,highest resolution reaches to 1μm,repeated position accuracy reaches to ±5μm,measure speed reaches to 4mm/s.Range of diameter for internal screw thread is 30~300mm,length is 0~100mm.Length of outside screw thread is no limit.


The influence of a transparent medium upon light passing through it may be ascribed to two factors ; one is the existence, in each individual molecule or particle, of vibrating parts with certain natural frequencies, and the other is the physical condition of the aggregation of molecules composing the medium. Suppose that a typical vibrating part is an electrified particle of charge e and mass m ,whose free vibrations are given by equations of the type m d2x / dt 2 + fx = 0. Let X be the corresponding component of electric force in the incident light wave. The impressed force, to be supplied on the right-hand side of (1) for the actual motion, is not simply e X, but has an additional term to express the effect of the surrounding molecules ; the simplest conception of this effect indicates a term directly proportional to the average polarisation P of the surrounding molecules at each instant. Hence, instead of (1), we have an equation m d2x / dt 2 + fx = e (X + σP x ).


Since the wireless systems are working under nature environments and influenced by turbulence, weather in Iraq that leads to extended amount of fading signal, dissipation or attenuation. Basic "hybrid Subcarrier Multiplying Spectral Amplitude Coding (SCM-SAC) of Optical Code Division Multiple Access (OCDMA)" indoor or outdoor optical system depends on generally "Multi-Diagonal (MD)" security code by using optical space known as "Free Space Optic (FSO)" that was proposed in this work. It is found that the mention hybrid wireless systems can be used in operating mesh networks. The main proposed idea of hybrid optical technique was analyzed and simulated by normally taking into simulation account that the directly effecting by rain and haze attenuations. In addition, there are mention and description for atmospheric effects, FSO mesh network, modulation scheme, simulation, and the data security. From simulation results, the hybrid system using MD code produces reduced "bit-error rate (BER)" at heavy storm rain to distance or range of 500 m and at drizzle rain up to 2500 m range. And also investigates the performance of using the proposed system with radio over fiber (RoF) for UWB signals through indoor propagation in building applications of wireless channel.


PURPOSE: A manufacturing method of crank throw for vessels using V shaped preform is provided which is capable of flexibly coping with change of various size and shape conditions by bending and forging the preform after forming a preform of the crank throw. CONSTITUTION: The method comprises a preform forging step of forming a heated steel ingot(102a) into a preform through an upper circular die(100); a block stretching and forging step of forming the preform into a block shape through first upper flat die(103) and lower flat die(112); a preform left and right forging step of press forming left and right parts of the preform with the left and right press forming parts being spaced apart from a central part of the preform in a certain distance; a V-shaped preform forging step of forming a V-shaped necking shape having a necking angle (a) by pressing the left and right sides of the central part of the preform formed through the preform left and right forging step using upper and lower side surface V-shaped dies(101a,101b); a preform wing forging step of forging both sides of the preform in a V-shape having a bending angle (e) by vertically pressing an upper bending die(104) on the preform; and a preform bending and forging step of performing pressing operation and stretching operation perpendicularly to both sides of the preform.


The effects of styrene-co-maleic anhydride (SMA) compatibilizer on the mechanical thermal and morphological properties of polyoxymethylene (POM)/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) blends were inverstigated. POM/ABS blends without and with SMA compatibilizer were prepared by an internal mixer and molded by compression molding. It was found that the dispersion of ABS phase and compatibility could not improve by using SMA compatibilizer in POM/ABS blends due to SMA can be miscible with ABS phase more than POM phase. The addition of ABS in a range of 10-30 wt% could improve the Young's modulus of POM. Impact strength, tensile strength and percent strain at break of POM/ABS blends decreased with increasing ABS content. The addition of compatibilizer improved Young's modulus of POM/ABS (60/40, 50/50) blends. The addition of ABS increased the degradation temperature of POM, while SMA compatibilizer did not improve the degradation of POM/ABS blends.


This paper presents the economic analysis of air pollution reduction measures in Montenegro. After a brief analysis of the current situation in Montenegro and completed cost estimation of the implementation of these measures, the Low Cost Analysis has been used to determine their cost effectiveness levels. As Low Cost Analysis cannot provide a complete answer on individual eligibility, Cost-Benefit Analysis has been taken into account for calculation of economic performance indicators. Analysis results indicate that the construction of a flue desulphurization system in Thermal Power Plant Pljevlja significantly reduces SO2 emissions. Increasing alternative fuels use, new generations of vehicles and electro mobility in transport measure is only one of the benefits to reduce gas emissions. Similar situation is with the replacement of heating appliances and energy efficiency measures in individual residential buildings, which primarily contributes to energy efficiency. Construction of longdistance heating system measure shows excellent economic results. Prohibition of harvest residues and agricultural waste ignition measure adds to suspended particles PM2.5 emission reduction, cost and benefit ratio is very favorable. It is expected that these measures implementation will certainly contribute to the reduction of pollutant emissions into the air.


Machine faults and breakdowns are a concern for the manufacturing industry. Automated assembly machines typically employ many different types of sensors to monitor machine health and feedback faults to a central controller for review by a technician or engineer. This paper describes progress with a project whose goal is to examine the effectiveness of using machine vision to detect 'visually cued' faults in automated assembly equipment. Tests were conducted on a laboratory scale conveyor apparatus that assembles a simple 3-part component. The machine vision system consisted of several conventional webcams and image processing in LabVIEW. Preliminary results demonstrated that the machine vision system could identify faults such as part jams and feeder jams; however the overall effectiveness was limited as this technique can only detect faults known prior to creating the vision system. Future work to create a more robust system is currently underway.Copyright © 2011 by ASME


For a near-ring $R$ we introduce the notion of an $s-$prime $R-$module and an $s-$system. We show that an $R-$ideal $P$ is an $s-$prime $R-$ideal if and only if $R\backslash P$ is an $s-$system. For an $R-$ideal $N$ of the near-ring module we define $\mathcal{S}(N)=:\{s\in M~:~$every $s-$sytem containing $s$ meets $N\}$ and prove that it coincides with the intersection of all the $s-$prime $R-$ideals of $M$ containing $N.$ $S(0)$ is the upper nil radical of the near-ring module. Furthermore, we define a $\mathcal{T-}$% special class of near-ring modules and then show that the class of $s-$prime modules forms a $\mathcal{T-}$special class. $\mathcal{T-}$special classes of $s-$prime near-ring modules are then used to describe the upper nil radical of a near-ring


In this paper, some attempts in Iran in the realm of empirical religious (Islamic) sciences are discussed. Two approaches on Islamic science are formulated and discussed which are called inferential and complementary approaches. The inferential approach could be criticized on both religious and scientific sides. On the religious side, this approach does not seem defensible on the ground that religion has particular function consisting of leading humans toward God. On the scientific side, this approach leads to the unacceptable result of changing religious statements into hypothesis. The complementary approach tries to compensate gaps of scientific theories by adding religious scientific points. The main problem with this approach is that it leads to providing incoherent wholes under the title of Islamic sciences.Instead of these two approaches, an alternative view is suggested called the constructive approach. According to this view, an Islamic science requires that, its teachings are regarded as underlying presuppositions of scientific theory; some hypotheses are suggested inspired by those teachings; these hypotheses are examined and experimental evidence are sought; supporting evidence could be collected; and a systematic whole could be provided by the collective evidence.


An observational examination of the heart was performed in the Department of Anatomy, during the routine autopsy of a 89-year-old man. The heart was fixed in 10% formalin and an analysis of arterial vasculature was performed (used morphometric abbreviations below [mm]: L - length; D - diameter of origin). Trifurcation of the left main coronary artery (LMCA; L=17.4; D=8.1) was observed during the study, which originated in the left aortic sinus and was followed by three branches: proper left anterior descending artery (pLAD; L=11.2; D=7.4), intermediate branch (IMB; L=98.6; D=3.5) and left circumflex artery (LCxA; L=104.2; D= 4.9), respectively. In the pLAD division, there was noted LAD1 (long) which was running in the interventricular septum (L=32.2) and further in the subepicardial segment (L=109.3) in the anterior interventricular groove towards the apex (AC) (LAD1; L=141.4; D=6.3) and LAD 2 (short) running subepicardial in the anterior interventricular groove in the AC direction (LAD2; L=68.4; D=3.2). 4 diagonal branches (DB) and 9 septal perforator (SP) were observed in the course of LAD1; regarding the LAD2 there were 6 SP only. It is worth noting that the first SP supplying of the interventricular septum came from LAD2. Another interesting aspect of the observation was the occurrence of 4 myocardial bridges (MB) on the LAD1, LAD2, DB1 arteries and on the second obtuse marginal branch (OM2), respectively. This case describes a rare anatomical anomaly of the LAD course and reminds clinicians of the need for careful planning of cardiac surgeries and percutaneous interventions on the coronary arteries.


A high purity of maize dwarf mosaic virus strain B (MDMV-B) with sufficient yield was obtained by isopycnic centrifugation in cesium sulphate. The virus was infectious and nonaggregated after the purification process. Ultraviolet absorption spectrum of the purified virus showed a typical curve of nucleroprotein with a maximum at 259 and a minimum at 249 nm. The yield of purified virus was 70-80μg per g of tissue. Antiserum to MDMV-B was produced by intramuscular injection of the purified virus to a rabbit. The highest titer of the antiserum obtained 7 weeks after the first injection was 1/8 in SDS-immunodiffusion test, and 1/2048 in precipitin ring test. The completely negative reactions of MDMV-B antiserum to healthy plant extract indicated the efficiency of this method for the purification of MDMV-B. A spur was produced between antigens of an isolate of sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) and MDMV-B against antiserum of MDMV-B in SDS-immunodif fusion test. Using the antiserum prepared in this study, we could easily distinguish MDMV-B from strains of SCMV by either SDS-immunodiffusion test or ELISA.


The present invention relates to a wireless communication system and a terminal providing a wireless communication service, in the UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) The E-UMTS (Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) or a LTE system (Long Term Evolution System) evolved from the base station and the receiving end terminal is directed to a method to send and receive data block, the transmitting the common control logical channel (common control logical channel) received efficiently transmitted, and the data on the receiving side to be transmitted through the through the common control logical channel out accurately separate the data relates to a method for distinguishing naedorok unneeded data. Wireless communication, the common control logical channel, 3GPP


A flue gas waste heat recovery system based on liquid metal heat transfer is composed of a heat exchanger and a radiator, wherein the heat exchanger is used for directly or indirectly exchanging heat with flue gas in a flue, and the radiator is used for exchanging the heat with water in a water tank, a micro channel is arranged in a flat cooling plate of the radiator; the heat exchanger is communicated with the micro channel in the flat cooling plate through a first connection pipe and a second connection pipe mounted on two outlet ends of the micro channel; liquid metal flows circularly in the communicated heat exchanger, the first connection pipe, the second connection pipe and the micro channel; and a driving pump is mounted on the first connection pipe or the second connection pipe for driving the liquid metal to circularly flow in the heat exchanger, the first connection pipe, the second connection pipe and the micro channel which are communicated with one another. The flue gas waste heat recovery system can remarkably fasten the heat circulation and improve the waste heat recovery efficiency, can realize good heat dissipation effect by using a small size, and is efficient, flexible, reliable and low-consumption, so that the system has important meanings on popularizing the application of liquid metal in recovering waste heat of flue gas.


Personality with three meanings is from the Rome law.The character meaning of contemporary Rome law and its origin are analyzed.The reflection to define personality is put forward,which distinguish personality and precede it.Personality is different from civil right ability,it also differs from the personality right and the personality in personality right law.Personality and its related concepts are as follows: first,the logic relation of civil social person,(natural person),then the natural rights aound people,a personality that"people of various main factors combined",including the rights and interests of personality,and then the subject of legal relation and the right of civil law.Finally,our civil code should not set up a separate personality right which should be made in the natural person chapter under the practice and reason.


nuclear explosions conducted in May 1998 culminated in the Kargil crisis in May 1999. The Kargil standoff between Kashmiri Mujahideen and Indian army brought Pakistan and India to the brink of war with a threatening nuclear dimension. This conflict is the part of Kashmir issue that has been recognized as the main driving force behind the nuclearization of South Asia. James Woolsey, head of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), termed the Kashmir issue as a flashpoint that had the probable prospects for future use of weapons of mass destruction including nuclear weapons.' In October 1995, the British Labour Party in a resolution described Kashmir as an international flashpoint that had the potential of an atomic conflagration.2 These concerns that were expressed from time to time at the international level, however, failed to mobilise the international community which remained indifferent to this issue. Despite Pakistan's all out efforts to resolve the Kashmir issue peacefully with India, it did not feel the need to find a solution of the problem. Apparently there was no pressure on India to end its brutal suppression of Kashmiri people. However, after the end of the Cold War, numerous developments on international arena encouraged the Kashmiri Mujahideen to intensify their efforts against unending Indian aggression. Pakistan remained committed to find a peaceful solution of this problem and made every effort to draw world attention to the worst human rights situation in the Indianheld Kashmir. After the nuclear explosions conducted by India and followed by Pakistan in May 1998, a link between the Kashmir and


Objective:To investigate the surgical operation effect of treating fracture of tibial plateau. Methods:We retrospectively reviewed the numerical data of 45 patients who had incurred fracture of tibial plateau and accepted surgical treatments in our department from 1997 to 2002. Results:All the patients had been followed up,the follow-up time is from 3 months to 5 years. the Lysholm grade (according to the fracture patients' resetting status、consolidate state、functional recovery、complications etc) was used. We graded all the patients:34 patients recovered well,8 patients was fine and 2 patients' recovery was not good as mentioned previously,only one of the patients didn't recover at all. The rate of good recovery was 93.3%.Conclusion:The surgical operation is an effective method in treating fracture of tibial plateau. All of this measures such as the suitable opportunity and indicatio of operation,anatomy resetting,firmly internal fixation and taking dirigation early after operation are the key point to make the patients knee joint' function recovery well.


When performing an organizational change, it is important to be aware of the culture within the company. The organization at Saab Aerosystems has a huge technical focus, which can of course be bene ...


The graphite morphology transition was studied using various techniques and additives in ultra-pure binary and ternary alloys with hypo- and hypereutectic compositions. Some of the trace elements were observed to stabilize the flake growth morphology of graphite, while others did not. The distance between the graphite basal planes of spheroidal, flake, and undercooled fine graphite was measured and the lattice fringes were studied using high resolution transmission electron microscope, after preparing a thin lamella of graphite using focused ion beam. Latent heat measurement was performed using differential scanning calorimeter on the pure binary alloy with and without sulfur and oxygen additions. The substitution of various elements under study in a monolayer of graphene was analyzed by considering the binding energies of the elements with C and their bonding nature. Simulations were performed using a molecule editor program and visualizer (Avogadro software), which considers various types of interatomic forces to optimize a monolayer of graphene to a minimum energy. The effect of the type of cyclic C-ring structure and energy of the basal plane of graphite with a connection to the addition of trace elements individually in the monolayer of graphene was studied and simulated to understand the resulting bulk graphite growth morphology.


Infrared thermography is utilized to gain new information on onset and propagation of impact damage in Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymers. Impact tests are carried out with a modified Charpy pendulum while the SC6000 camera views the specimen surface opposite to impact and records sequences of thermal images at 96 Hz. The same infrared camera, equipped with the lock-in option, is also used for non-destructive evaluation of the specimens before and after impact; results are shown as phase images. The elastic waves propagating from the impact are also recorded with piezo patches. A good agreement is found regarding the damage onset.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a combination of a piston ring for a diesel engine using a piston ring including a top ring, a second ring and an oil ring, stably obtaining an effect of reducing oil consumption and friction by suppressing dispersion in friction performance between a piston and a cylinder bore wall surface.SOLUTION: The combination of the piston ring for the diesel engine is formed using the piston ring including the top ring, the second ring and the oil ring as the combination of the piston ring. In the combination of the piston ring adopted for the diesel engine, the tension ratio of the top ring or oil ring to a cylinder bore diameter satisfies each condition of A/D≤0.25 and C/D=0.10-0.36, wherein A is the tension (N) of the top ring, C is the tension (N) of the oil ring, and D is the cylinder bore diameter (mm).


Joye's falling-out with Tyndale has certainly had its consequences on his reputation, and as a result not only their debate but also George Joye's person in general have been for the most part ignored by the scholarly world. This chapter is divided into three sections: the first biographical references by Joye's contemporaries; the conservative consensus and some exceptions to it, and a shift in the study of Joye. The new assessment of Joye proposed by Butterworth, Chester, and, most importantly, Clebsch has apparently induced other writers to produce a series of other studies dedicated to Joye. The relevant theological issues and the general historical and theological context of the controversy, especially the quest of Christians to grasp the issues of an existence after this earthly life, will form the background of the Joye-Tyndale debate.Keywords: Allan Chester; Charles C. Butterworth; George Joye; historical context; Joye-Tyndale debate; theological context; William Clebsch; William Tyndale


Emphysema is an important element of many progressive lung diseases, with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) being the most common. With the exception of 1-antitrypsin (AAT) replacement therapy there are no disease modifying therapies for progressive emphysema. We previously reported that alveolar type 2 (AT2)-cell synthesized CELA1 is neutralized by AAT and that CELA1 is necessary for emphysema in AAT-deficiency. Here, we use mouse models and human tissues to show that CELA1 is required for progressive emphysema. In mice, lung injury was induced with tracheal porcine pancreatic elastase. Cela1 began increasing at 21-days, and Cela1-/- mice were protected from continued airspace enlargement at 42 and 84 days (p<0.01). Aged Cela1-/- mice had less airspace simplification than aged WT mice (p<0.05). In humans and mice, CELA1 mRNA and protein were present in subsets of conducing airway epithelial and AT2 cells. COPD lungs had 3-fold more CELA1 protein than control (p<0.05). Among COPD-associated proteases, only CELA1 was positively and significantly correlated with lung elastolytic activity (p<0.001). Rabbit polyclonal and mouse monoclonal anti-CELA1 antibodies inhibited elastolytic activity of CELA1 mRNA-high but not CELA1 mRNA-low human lungs. CELA1 mRNA levels increased exponentially with age, and smoking reduced that ratio of AAT-neutralized:native CELA1 (p<0.05). CELA1 binding to lung tissue increased 6-fold with biaxial strain (p<0.05). We propose that CELA1 predisposes to progressive emphysema via (1) increased expression with age, (2) reduced AAT neutralization with smoking, and (3) increased CELA1-binding to lung matrix with strain. Anti-CELA1 therapies may represent a novel disease modifying therapy to prevent emphysema progression.


A new fact concerning this relation is presented. The traveling time (DELTA T), from the sun to the earth, of flareassociated low-energy cosmic rays as a function of the heliographic longitude of corresponding flares implies that the propagation mechanism is not related to the state of interplanetary space. Next the relation of smoothed flux intensity and duration of solsr radio waves at (a) 3000 Mc/s and (b) 200 Mc/s was plotted. The plot indicates that (1) there is no relation between the separation in traveling time and the duration of solar radio emission at either frequency and (2) the separation closely correlates to the flux intensity of 3000 Mc/s radio waves. Another figure showing the relation between DELTA T and the flux intensity for 3000 and 200 Mc/s radio emission indicates a close connection between the low-energy solar cosmic-ray generation and solar radio emission. From these figures several conclusions are drawn. The ejection and propagation mechanism of cosmic rays in interplanetary space is also discussed.


Background: Chicken serum albumin (α‐livetin) has been implicated as the causative allergen of the bird‐egg syndrome. However, the clinical relevance of sensitization to this allergen has not been confirmed by specific challenge tests and environmental sampling. We investigated whether chicken albumin can be detected in air samples collected in a home with birds, and whether sensitization to this protein may cause respiratory and food allergy symptoms. The heat resistance of chicken albumin and the possible cross‐reactivity with conalbumin were also investigated.


PURPOSE
Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) often experience low bone mineral density (BMD) pre- and post-lung transplantation (LTX). The study purpose was to describe BMD and micronutrient status in adults with CF pre- and post-LTX.

METHODS
Twelve patients with CF (29 ± 8 years) were recruited from the CF clinic at the University of Alberta Lung Transplant Program. BMD and vitamins A, D, E, K status, and parathyroid hormone were measured pre- and post-LTX.

RESULTS
No significant differences pre- and post-LTX were observed at the different bone sites measured (lumber-spine, femoral-neck (FN), hip, and femoral-trochlea) (P > 0.05). BMD T-scores (<-2) was present in lumbar-spine, FN, hip, and femoral-trochlea in 33%, 17%, 17%, and 25% of individuals pre-LTX and 58%, 33%, 58%, and 33% of individuals post-LTX, respectively. More than 50% of patients had suboptimal vitamin K levels (PIVKA-II values >3 ng/mL) pre- and post-LTX.

CONCLUSION
Adults with CF pre- and post-LTX had reduced BMD and suboptimal vitamin K status.


English education in medical universities should have its distinct features and characteristics. English for specific purposes (ESP) in medical universities, which is different from English for general purposes (EGP), should not be limited merely to the sphere of biomedicine. To meet the needs of all-round development of medical students in the new era, ESP need to be revamped both in contents and approaches. Visualized case-based teaching approach is a novel approach to serve the above purposes, integrating improvement of English skills, acquisition of academic knowledge, development of critical thinking and cultivation of humanism into the whole course of training qualified medical and health personnel.