In the present study, levels of self‐perceived speaker anxiety, audience members' perceptions of speaker anxiety, and the relationship between these variables, is examined for American and non‐American (Asian) student speakers. The results show that American audiences perceive Asian speakers to have more speech anxiety than American speakers, even though Asian speakers do not self‐report higher anxiety levels. The findings also confirm that speech state anxiety is not communicated effectively between speakers and audiences for Asian or American speakers. Explanations and implications of these findings and suggestions for future research are provided.


Objectively and reliably determined indicators of rheological properties of the dough were identified using the alveograph device to create a system of classifications of wheat and flour from it for the intended purpose in the future. The analysis of the relationship of standardized quality indicators, as well as newly developed indicators for identifying them, differentiating the quality of wheat flour for the intended purpose, i.e. for finished products. To do this, we use mathematical statistics methods.


Structural Engineers are a significant presence in today's workforce; however, few rise to the top management ranks. Therefore, there is a critical need to better understand the predictors that facilitate their career success. This study examined several variables that may contribute to structural engineers extrinsic (salary and promotions) and intrinsic (career satisfaction) success. Predictive variables include human capital (level of educational attainment and CE licensure examination rating). The aims of this study are the following: First, identify the status of structural engineers in terms of human capital. Secondly, determine the level of career success of structural engineer in terms of compensation fringe benefits and career satisfaction. Third, identify the factors predict extrinsic and intrinsic and Fourth, designed a career planning model which serves as a guide for young structural engineers to be successful that will help them to manage their career in the near future. This study used the descriptive method of research with questionnaires as the main data-gathering instrument. Statistical tests of Regression Analysis, percentage and weighted mean values were used to enable researcher give appropriate responses to the statement of the problem. Some interesting insights of the study are: The profile of structural engineers in terms of human capital contributes in the success of structural engineer. The level of educational attainment and Civil engineering examination rating were found to have highly contributed to career satisfaction of structural engineers. Further, the level of educational attainment can best predict extrinsic success in terms of promotion. Through the data results, two predictors will highly contribute to career success of structural engineers. These predictors such as level of educational attainment and CE licensure examination were chosen as integral factors to be indicators in the career planning model.


In Wei Jin literary arena, Ji Kang, it may be said inherits, looked at boldly one generation of character and has the unique life and outstanding artistic pursue.He not only valued to front generation of literature inheritance inherit but also stressed the development innovation whitch creates. Thus he formed own unique artistic style. His article prepared the numerous bodies,the achievement was outstanding. His SiYan poem was best at that time.Regardless of expression means,or laguage utilization demonstrates inherits to the Poetry after the tradition with the change.


Most of the today's world data are streaming, time-series data, where anomalies detection gives significant information of possible critical situations. Yet, detecting anomalies in big streaming data is a difficult task, requiring detectors to acquire and process data in a real-time, as they occur, even before they are stored and instantly alarm on potential threats. Suitable to the need for real-time alarm and unsupervised procedures for massive streaming data anomaly detection, algorithms have to be robust, with low processing time, eventually at the cost of the accuracy. In this work we explore several such fast algorithms like MAD, RunMAD, Boxplot, Twitter ADVec, DBSCAN, Moving Range Technique, Statistical Control Chart Techniques, ARIMA and Moving Average. The algorithms are tested and results are visualized in the system R, on the three Numenta datasets, with known anomalies and own e-dnevnik dataset with unknown anomalies. Evaluation is done by comparing achieved results (the algorithm execution time, CPU usage and the number of anomalies found) with Numenta HTM algorithm that detects all the anomalies in their datasets. Our interest is monitoring of the streaming log data that are generating in the national educational network (e-dnevnk) that acquires a massive number of online queries and to detect anomalies in order to scale up performance, prevent network downs, alarm on possible attacks and similar.


In a recent issue of Sight and Sound, director Jacques Rivette suggested that the works of Henty James were perhaps "unfilmable"; James is an author, he said, who can be filmed "diagonally . . . but never literally."1 Nonetheless, since 1972 at least seven films of James stories have been made or are in production: Rivette's own film. Celine et Julie vont en bateau, based in part on The Other House, Bogdanovich's Daisy Miller. James Ivory's The Europeans, and five films made for French television, to be directed by Claude Chabrol. Paul Seban, Volker Schlondorff, and British director, Tony Scott. In addition, a number of James stories have recently been adapted for television both here and abroad. There have, of course, been James films in the past: Berkeley Square, The Heiress, and several versions of The Turn of the Screw. It is interesting, however, to speculate upon the reasons for all this interest in James now, at a time when critics insist on the widespread demands from audiences for violence and pornography. Perhaps James's concern with the nature of artistic process interests directors who want to create art about art; perhaps the suggestion of repressed eroticism in his work challenges them; or perhaps his analyses of the power struggles involved in the most ordinary human relationships speak clearly to a post-Watergate consciousness. "It all comes back in the last analysis." James writes in the preface to The Tragic Muse, "to the individual vision of decency, the critical as well as the passionate judgment of it under sharp stress."2 In any case, whatever the motive for selecting these stories to film now may be. any James work certainly presents a number of challenges to the director. To begin with, although the action of a typical James novella or tale is easy enough to transfer to the screen - all those unscrupulous villains and mysterious deaths - the distinctive quality of the author's work is his dense and often almost opaque verbal style, a style full of qualification and elaboration which is not easy to translate into visual terms. Moreover, whatever the action of the story may be, the center of any James plot is always the essentially intellectual act of seeing in both its literal and its metaphorical sense, that is. of understanding, of incorporating vision into consciousness. This act of seeing, although in life non-verbal and instantaneous, we have learned to deal with in and through literature as a process of sequence and analysis; it can be paradoxically difficult to embody in a visual medium. The three James films of the current crop that have been released so far in the United States - Daisy Miller. Chabrol's The Bench of Desolation, and the Rivette film - represent, as might be expected, three totally different approaches to the author's work. By examining these works even superficially, we can learn something about the problems involved in a James adaptation and explore the meaning of Rivette's remark. Peter Bogdanovich's attitude toward his source might best be called irreverent. The director claims to have felt no obligation to be faithful to the "sketchy" story he adapted3 and apparently set out to make an historical film as he had made a fifties film, a thirties comedy film, a musical, and so forth, to display the talents of his company of actors. In the light of this, it is surprising to see how close to the original the movie really is. The dialogue is a literal adaptation of that in the story - it is hard to find many lines that have been omitted or changed - and the action is on the whole accurately reproduced as well. The movie is handsome and generally amusing. For the reader of James, the only thing that is missing is the essential quality, the Jamesian ambiance: that is, a sense of moral concern strong enough to make the audience care about what happens to the characters on the screen and a pervasive ambiguity that might prevent our judgments about these characters from being predictable and automatic. …


Abstract : This paper addresses how strategic effects win and lose wars. Strategic effects are defined here as the impacts that the outcomes from wartime operational and tactical events have on the highest level of decision-makers. Building on concepts proposed by Thomas Schelling, Robert Pape and John Warden, it proposes a model .that can be incorporated into the artificial intelligence routines of a computer-based strategic wargame to simulate the goals and will of either or both sides in a conflict. This proposed model is called the value-based strategic effects model (VBSEM). VBSEM essentially provides rules for determining the value of each side in a conflict and then has each side behave according to economic and risk management formulas relative to actual and potential changes in that value. The underlying assumption is each side will ultimately act in its own best interest (as they define their best interest) based on the information available. This paper looks at symmetrical and asymmetrical strategic effects. Finally it offers advice on how VBSEM can be incorporated in a computer-based strategic wargame.


1.1 Parkinson's disease and Lewy bodies Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease that affects motor control, although dementia, depression, and other psychiatric symptoms are occasionally present (reviewed in Jankovic, 2008). The motor symptoms include resting tremors, bradykinesia/akinesia, rigidity, and postural instability, and are associated with the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) (Lloyd and Hornykiewicz, 1970; reviewed in Saper, 1999) and noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus (Mann and Yates, 1983; Gaspar et al., 1991). Degeneration of these neurons disrupts basal ganglia circuitry of the brain and interferes with the initiation of voluntary movement (Levy et al., 1997). Another pathological characteristic of the disease is the presence of the intracellular protein aggregates known as Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites (Hughes et al., 1992), described initially by Frederick Lewy in 1912, that were associated with dying dopaminergic neurons in the SNpc by Tretiakoff (reviewed in Holdorff, 2006). Lewy bodies are also present in other brain regions outside the SNpc, and may appeat first in the glossopharyngeal, vagal, and olfactory centres (Braak et al., 2003). The disruption of these regions is now linked to a preclinical phase of PD that includes perturbations of smell, gastrointestinal motility, and sleep patterns prior to the development of motor impairments coincident with neurodegeneration and inclusions in the midbrain. These intraneuronal aggregates are composed of lipids and various proteins including ┙-synuclein, ubiquitin, and neurofilaments (Spillantini et al., 1998; reviewed in Cookson, 2005). Whether Lewy bodies directly cause cytotoxicity or are formed as compensatory activation of survival pathways remains under debate. Nevertheless, the presence of Lewy bodies is an essential component of post-mortem diagnoses of PD (Christine and Aminoff, 2004; reviewed in Jankovic, 2008).


A comparison of two mathematical models from two cycle simulation software packages predicting a cold flow and filtration process of a Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) is studied extensively. Three Cordierite Diesel Particulate Filters (DPF) models, with variations in washcoats (bare, washcoat-only, and catalyzed washcoat), are built and validated to experimental data. The goal is to estimate the values of wall permeability ( ) and friction loss coefficient ( ) from the flow bench test and the values of soot permeability ( ) from the filtration process. Good agreements are found comparing between experimental data and simulation. The values of those parameters obtained from each software packages show the same trend among all tested DPF samples. However, they are different when comparing cases by cases because of the methodology lies in each mathematical model. Keyword: Diesel Particulate Filter, Wall Loading, Aftertreatment Cycle Simulation


Previous studies reported that the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor is related to alcohol dependence in terms of developing withdrawal or tolerance, however, it is controversial whether NMDA receptor antagonists are effective in preventing relapse in alcohol-dependent patients or not. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of memantine, an NMDA receptor antagonist, on alcohol intake in C57BL/6 mice, which prefer drinking hereditarily. Using limited access procedures in C57BL/6 mice in the state of alcohol dependence, vehicle, naltrexone 1.0 mg/kg or, memantine 5, 25, or 50 mg/kg i.p. was administered respectively for twelve days. Medication effects on 2-hours alcohol, 22-hour water, and 24-hour food intake and body weight were studied. Using repeated measure ANOVA, the naltrexone 1 mg/kg, memantine 5, 25, or 50 mg/kg, and vehicle groups showed significant medication by day interaction (naltrexone, df


The invention relates to the technical field of plastics and provides an additive composition for polyolefin and application of the additive composition. The additive composition comprises the following components based on 100 parts by weight of polyolefin: 0.001-2 parts of main antioxidant, 0.001-2 parts of auxiliary antioxidant, 0.001-2 parts of ultraviolet light absorber, 0.001-2 parts of light stabilizer and 0.001-2 parts of acid absorber. The invention also provides a plastic product with the additive composition for polyolefin. The additive composition has the advantages of improving the extraction resistance and long residual action of the polyolefin product by effectively using the synergistic effect of the additive components, prolonging the service life of the polyolefin product and being suitable for various plastic products.


The Road to Medical Enlightenment I6so-I69S. LESTER S. KING (History of Science Library: Macdonald, London and American Elsevier, New York, 1970). pp. x + 209. £3 lOS. Dr King discusses the writings of a number of scientists and physicians of the late-seventeenth century who influenced medical thought and who represent contrasting attitudes to the study of medicine, notably Riverius, Van Helmont, Boyle, Sylvius, Sydenham and Hoffmann.


This application-oriented paper presents vital components that are essential for building a scalable mobile robot. With a plethora of resources available at hand and on the internet, it is very important to choose the right materials, design, and build procedures so that there is no wastage of resources during the build process and that the mobile robot works efficiently. Moreover, this task becomes more complicated when we are dealing with large scale human-sized mobile robots. This is because all the electronic components that we use for building small hobby robots are unfit because of their low current and voltage handling capacity, thus enabling us to adopt more power-hungry electronics capable of handling large voltage and current. As a result, the risk posed by these electronic components also increases since we are now dealing with large current and power devices, sometimes taking power directly from the sockets. At the same time, design constraints placed by their large size along with which the right motors and motor-drivers are to be chosen, their autonomy, the processing power of the boards, their inter-process communication, and computer intelligence are to be taken into consideration, involving various sub-fields of computer, electrical and mechanical engineering, etc. This paper, therefore, addresses all these concerns and provides a viable solution that involves minimalistic use of components.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effect of high viral loads (HBV DNA concentration in blood > 2.0 copy/ml) on the vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus in mothers with HBV DNA positivity.

METHOD
Forty pregnant women with HBV DNA positivity were divided randomly, double-blindly into 2 groups: at 28 weeks of pregnancy, one group received oral lamivudine (100 mg/d) and the other received oral placebo. The serum HBV DNA loads were tested at 28 and 40 weeks' gestation in mothers, and serum HBV DNA,HBsAg, HBeAg and anti-HBs were examined in infants at 12 month follow up.

RESULT
Thirty-nine infants finished (one twins) the follow up, and 2 infants lost (5%). Among them 4 infants were confirmed to be HBV infection (10%, 4/39), 2 in the treatment group (10%, 2/20) and 2 in the control group (11%, 2/19) (P > 0.05). The serum HBV DNA levels of 40 weeks' gestation in the treatment group, compared with the levels of 28 weeks' gestation in the treatment group and 40 weeks' gestation in the control group, showed a significant decline (P < 0.01). The HBV DNA levels of the mothers whose infants were infected, were (3.1 +/- 3.4) copy/ml, (3.1 +/- 3.2) copy/ml during 28 and 40 weeks' gestation, and for mothers whose infants were non-infected, the levels were (3.4 +/- 2.2) copy/ml, (2.6 +/- 1. 5) copy/ml respectively (P > 0.05). The mean values of anti-HBs of 18 infants in the treatment group showed no significant difference as compared to 17 infants in the control group, (594 +/- 416) U/L vs (458 +/- 398) U/L (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSION
The pregnant women's HBV DNA loads could be obviously decreased from high viral loads (HBV DNA concentrations in blood > 2.0 copy/ml) after they take lamivudine from 36 weeks' gestation. But it might not reduce the maternal-fetal vertical transmission of HBV infection.


W H F N the layman hears of agricultural policy he sometimes has the impression of entering a world where the concepts are confused, where the facts arc not well known, where the nature of the problems is not well defined. where both the aims and the instruments of policy are different from what happens elsewhere. The economist also sometimes gives the same impression and it is not surprising that in addition to striving to understand better what is happening and to clarify the various underlying concepts-which are often loaded with emotional feelings-the economist tries to go a step further and to question acquired beliefs and anything which may seem today to be the 'simple and clear truth'. We are living not only in a period of fast economic growth with all the consequential effects on the economy, on the people, on the relations between regions or countries, but also in a period where this growth is accompanied by a rapid change in our ethical and material values and where the points of reference-which many people would have liked to see unchanged-are constantly changing. As Denis Bergmann has said: 'remaining aware of these changes is for all of us a fascinating intellectual challenge'. 1 A discussion on 'agricultural policy formulation', is thus a subject of topical interest for everybody and a challenge to those who are often asked by the political leaders for 'unbiased' advice. Having briefly recalled what have been so far the main constraints--economic, social and political-of agricultural policy, both at national and international level, this paper will try to identify the problems which seem to lie ahead of us. These problems involve not only a definition of new priorities for agricultural policy but especially the formulation of new concepts for ·agriculture. By raising such simple questions as: what is agriculture? who is a farmer? a whole set of problems need to be examined and, as far as possible, solved. The role of the economist in this intercourse of ideas also needs to be specified. A point which comes to mind in any discussion of agricultural policy is whether such a discussion can simultaneously cover countries at different levels of economic and social development. As far as the basic principles


The idea of multi-functionality of agriculture provides a framework for identifying and evaluating all-around functions of agriculture.A multi-dimensional evaluation model for assessing the multi-functionality of agriculture is proposed to image the variety of roles that agriculture play,by taking the independent and conflicting relationship among them into account.Considering the availability of data,evaluating methodology and principle for indicator selection,productive,economic and ecological roles of Chinese agriculture are evaluated,in which principal components are extracted as influential factors with Factor Analysis Method,and nine scenarios are clustered with Hierarchical Cluster Method according to the components scores.The research shows that multi-dimension evaluation model can make full use of existing statistical data to evaluate three most important functions of Chinese agriculture,with simulation results corresponding to the actual situation very well.The model is flexible enough to be used in multi-objective evaluation in different spatial scales for other disciplines.


Here we describe the use of the hexadehydro-Diels-Alder (HDDA) reaction for the de novo construction of the isoindolinone scaffold and its application to the synthesis of the title natural products. The key isoindolinone-forming HDDA reaction involved an unprecedented substrate motif in which an amide carbonyl group was conjugated to the 4π 1,3-diyne component. In addition, a dimethylsilyl (-SiMe2H) substituent was exploited to trigger a Fleming-Tamao-Kumada oxidation for the installation of an essential phenolic hydroxyl group.


At the current stage of economic development, the effectiveness of the personnel facilities administration is on the topside. Actually the effective management of human resources is one of the crucial factors of commercial success. The relationship of companys members and interaction between them and the company are reflected in the companys particularity. Recently, management services have not only reshaped their stance on the corporate culture, but hold a pro active attitude in using the corporate culture as a factor of competitive recovery, elasticity, manufacturing and managing effectiveness. The up to date management considers the human resources administration jointly with the companys development and targets, and the major aspect is based on the comprehension of top managers that the human resources management plays a pivotal role in the high level of corporate culture forming, and as a consequence the creation of unique competitive advantage.


Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal malignancy that is overwhelmingly resistant to therapy. PDAC tumors are characterized by an immunosuppressive fibroinflammatory stroma and can be broadly classified into those with an abundance of T cells or a paucity of T cells. Our lab has previously identified several tumor cell intrinsic factors that regulate the degree of T cell infiltration and response to immunotherapy, but it remains unknown how these factors influence T cell trafficking through the vasculature to the tumor. We used in vivo models and a cancer-on-a-chip platform to examine immune-vascular crosstalk in the pancreatic tumor microenvironment (TME). We first sought to characterize the vascular landscape in PDAC. Following up from previous work in the lab, we used bulk RNA sequencing appraoches to identify a subset of hyper-vascular murine PDAC lines. Using an in vivo dextran assay, we determined that endothelial-high tumors have increased vascular perfusion. We next utilized an in vitro tube formation assay to assess if the defects seen in tumor vasculature are from tumor-cell derived factors. Endothelial cells cultured in conditioned media from endothelial-low tumors had defects in tubule formation. We further identified endothelial-low tumors have a defect in pericyte coverage of the vessel. We next utilized organ-on-a-chip devices to assess angiogenesis in PDAC. Endothelial cells and fibroblasts self-assemble into a 3D vascular network when incorporated into the microdevices. In the absence of tumor cells, mature vascular networks formed on day 4 of culture. Interestingly, vascular networks formed faster in the presence of PDAC tumor cells, suggesting a tumor derived factor enhanced angiogenesis. The cancer-on-a-chip devices are perfusable and allow for the incorporation of other TME components. Future directions, include incorporation of myeloid cells and perfusing fluorescently labeled T cells into the vascular networks and using live imaging to monitor T cell trafficking in different PDAC TME settings. Further, we will use immune checkpoint blockade and CAR T cells to identify methods to enhance tumoral T cell infiltration.
 Citation Format: Samantha B. Kemp, Andrei Georgescu, Jason Pitarresi, Takeshi Katsuda, Il-Kyu Kim, Dora Racca, John Tobias, Dan Huh, Ben Stanger. Using a cancer-on-a-chip approach to study the pancreatic cancer tumor microenvironment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer; 2022 Sep 13-16; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(22 Suppl):Abstract nr C069.


The recent events at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in Japan have raised questions over the effects of radiation in the environment. This article considers what we have learned about the radiological consequences for the environment from the Chernobyl accident, Ukraine, in April 1986. The literature offers mixed opinions of the long‐term impacts on wildlife close to the Chernobyl plant, with some articles reporting significant effects at very low dose rates (below natural background dose rate levels in, for example, the United Kingdom). The lack of agreement highlights the need for further research to establish whether current radiological protection criteria for wildlife are adequate (and to determine if there are any implications for human radiological protection). Integr Environ Assess Manag 2011;7:371–373. © 2011 SETAC


Many cloud service providers employ specialized hardware accelerators, called neural processing units (NPUs), to accelerate deep neural networks (DNNs). An NPU scheduler is responsible for scheduling incoming user requests and required to satisfy the two, often conflicting, optimization goals: maximizing system throughput and satisfying quality-of-service (QoS) constraints (e.g., deadlines) of individual requests. We propose Layerweaver+, a low-cost layer-wise DNN scheduler for NPUs, which provides both high system throughput and minimal QoS violations. For a serving scenario based on the industry-standard MLPerf inference benchmark, Layerweaver+ significantly improves the system throughput by up to 266.7% over the baseline scheduler serving one DNN at a time. key words: inference serving system, neural networks, multi-tasking


The Quasi-Maximum Likelihood (QML) procedure is widely used for statistical inference due to its robustness against overdisper-sion. However, while there are extensive references on non-recursive QML estimation, recursive QML estimation has attracted little attention until recently. In this paper, we investigate the convergence properties of the QML procedure in a general conditionally heteroscedastic time series model, extending the classical offline optimization routines to recursive approximation. We propose an adaptive recursive estimation routine for GARCH models using the technique of Variance Targeting Estimation (VTE) to alleviate the convergence difficulties encountered in the usual QML estimation. Finally, empirical results demonstrate a favorable trade-off between the ability to adapt to time-varying estimates and stability of the estimation routine.


The effects of surface defects on the rolling contact fatigue behaviors of Cr4Mo4V steel were studied experimentally.Different sizes of dents were artificially introduced on the rolling trajectories of the specimens by the Rockwell and Vickers Hardness Testers.The failure process from the initiation and propagation of the defect-induced cracks and spalling near the dents was observed by SEM.It was found that surface dents might influence greatly the rolling contact fatigue behaviors of Cr4Mo4V steel,and that the fatigue damage induced by Rockwell dents was more serious than that by Vickers dents.An obvious size effect of defect evolution was also observed:a bigger dent was much easier to crack than a smaller one.


(UVC) pre-post a an (275nm wavelength; peak at 3.0mW) placed under a lens case transparent to the UVC radiation (255-280nm). CLs were placed in 2ml of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) contaminated with microbes in a concentration ranging from 0.3 to 1.3x105/ml. Tests were independently performed to assess reduction of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Irradiation time was set at 60 minutes. Petri dishes were used to determine Colony Forming Units (CFUs) of PBS and CLs after 48 hours of incubation. Wilcoxon test was used to assess statistically significant log-reduction of CFUs between controls and treatments on PBS and lenses. presents an innovative use of UVC germicidal light, showing its effectiveness in reducing contact lack of effectiveness on certain new light, be to contact


Due to the separation of project management systems and workflow management systems, there is a gap between project plans and process support used to implement them. Often, managers could not see what was going on in their businesses until it was too late to react. In this paper, a cooperative hypermedia approach and an integration framework are developed to provide an integrated support for project planning, workflow management, information management and teamwork. The cooperative hypermedia-based process model has many desirable computational properties. The cooperative hypermedia tools built on this model can support distributed project teams to create, analyze, execute, monitor and adapt a project plan cooperatively. Case studies and user experiences of the cooperative hypermedia system demonstrate that the cooperative hypermedia approach can facilitate team members to identify emerging problems, to discuss and adapt the plan cooperatively. It is a promising approach to bridge the gap between project management and workflow management systems so as to support flexible business processes of real-time project teams.


OBJECTIVE
To explore the effects of social burden of disease (BOD) on the total BOD.

METHODS
With stroke as an example, BOD was measured using the index, disability adjusted life years (DALY), and partial social BOD was measured using another index, time lost for nursing care of hospitalized patients.

RESULTS
The burden of stroke was 11.70 DALYs per thousand in men and 9.38 in women, respectively, and the burden for caring of patients with stroke during hospitalization accounted for 2.2% and 2.8% of the total BOD for men and women, respectively.

CONCLUSION
Effects of social BOD should be taken into consideration in measurement of total BOD.


Schizophrenia is the commonest psychosis in any community. A number of epidemiological studies conducted in different parts of the world have reported that the point prevalence rate of schizophrenia is about 2-3 per 1000 (Lemkau et al 1942, Lin 1953, Dube 1970, Sethi et al 1967, Verghese et al 1973). It is a common clinical experience that some schizophrenic patients have a good outcome while others do not. The follow-up of patients diagnosed as schizophrenic in the International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia (IPSS) showed that inspite of initial clinical similarity, there were remarkable variations of course and outcome within and across different cultures. Those in developing countries had a better outcome than those in developed countries (WHO 1979). About Va of schizophrenic patients tend to become chronic leading to much disability and loss of manpower (Bleuler 1983). If this variability in the course and outcome is influenced by biological or sociocultural factors, it becomes important to identity these factors. Such


Audit quality is very important in carrying out audit activities because good audit quality will produce reliable and honest results without any influence from related parties. Obtaining audit quality in government agencies is often constrained, due to lack of supervision, lack of human resources, professional experience, knowledge, and religiosity of auditors. This study aims to determine the positive influence of professionalism, experience, knowledge, and religiosity of auditors partially on audit quality at the Aceh Besar Inspectorate. This study used quantitative methods. The population in this study was all employees of the Aceh Besar Inspectorate. While the sample of this study was the auditors of the Aceh Besar Yogyakarta Inspectorate which amounted to 47 employees. The sampling technique is purposive sampling. This study used primary data by conducting a survey through the distribution of questionnaires. Respondents in this study amounted to 47 people. The results showed that professionalism of experience had a positive effect on audit quality in Aceh Besar, knowledge and religiosity did not affect audit quality. And professionalism of experience, knowledge and religiosity is not able to moderate the quality of audits. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that professionalism and experience have a positive influence on the quality of audits in Aceh Besar. Therefore, efforts are needed to improve the professionalism and experience of auditors in order to provide quality audit results.


Sport activity can be a moderator of change in the level of cognitive and executive functions. This research sample consisted of 71 men aged 22.66 ± 1.91 years. This group was split into two subgroups: nonathletes (n = 26) and athletes (n = 45). The athletes included open skill sport athletes (n = 21) and closed skill sport athletes (n = 24). We used a standardized S-test to detect the level of cognitive functions, a standardized EPQ-R questionnaire to find out the degree of neuroticism and a standardized IVE questionnaire to measure the level of impulsivity. For data processing, we used the Kruskal–Wallis test following the Mann–Whitney test. To calculate the effect of size differences we used the coefficients η2 and r. Our research showed a higher level of cognitive function of athletes compared to nonathletes. More detailed data analysis showed that open skill sport disciplines are influential. There is also a negative relationship between the level of cognitive function and the degree of impulsivity and neuroticism. It seems that sport activity, specifically open skill sport disciplines, has the potential to increase the cognitive functions of young adult men. Personality traits—neuroticism and impulsivity—have a negative relationship with the level of cognitive functions of young men.


Dags represent a major cost to sheep farmers, in both monetary terms and because of the stress associated with flystrike. Historically, the incidence of dags has been attributed in large part to worm burdens, but other causes may be more important, viz parasite larval challenge, fungal endophyte and selection of sheep for resistance to worms. These and other factors associated with the incidence of dags are summarised, together with variations in faecal types (physical and chemical composition) which affect their capacity for adhesion to wool. Much of these data emphasise the importance of differences or changes in intestinal function being responsible for the loose and gooey faeces which develop into dags. Flystrike is strongly correlated with dags, and this scenario cannot be tolerated in a country claiming to produce good, clean food.


The structure of a hard sphere fluid inside a planar slit pore is studied using integral equation and computer simulation approaches. A robust and efficient method of numerically solving the one-particle Ornstein-Zernike (OZ) equation for the density profile in conjunction with an arbitrary closure is described, which is an approximate Newton-Raphson iteration in Fourier space. A new form of reference hypernetted chain theory is proposed that uses the bridge function of a fluid of hard spheres near a hard wall as a reference system. This is tested against new grand canonical ensemble Monte Carlo computer simulation data obtained herein and the results of other OZ equation based theories, including the Percus-Yevick hypernetted chain, Martynov-Sarkisov and modified Verlet theory, at reduced bulk fluid number densities up to 0·7 and for pore sizes varying from 1·25 to 4·0. The proposed theory gives accurate density profiles and pressures for the entire range of slit sizes, and is superior to the other theor...


The influence of substitution of the (1 → 4)-β-D-xylan backbone with α-L-arabinofuranosyl units on the infrared spectra has been studied using the freeze-dried form of related oligo- and polysaccharide models. The peak intensity ratios at 1164 and 990 cm-1 can be suggested as an index of arabinofuranosyl contribution. A valid correlation was found between the substitution of the xylosyl units at the position O-3 by arabinosyl units and the intensity of the above-mentioned absorption bands. The results are valuable for the identification of arabinoxylan type polysaccharides, as well as, for studies of the xylan component behaviour of plant materials in various technical and biotcch-nological processes.


Title FDG-PET/CTおよび造影CTを用いたIgG4関連疾患の画像所見の検討 [論文内容及び審査の要旨] Author(s) 藪崎, 哲史 Citation 北海道大学. 博士(医学) 甲第12814号 Issue Date 2017-06-30 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/66924 Rights(URL) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.1/jp/ Type theses (doctoral abstract and summary of review) Note 配架番号:2336 Additional Information There are other files related to this item in HUSCAP. Check the above URL. File Information Satoshi_Yabusaki_review.pdf (審査の要旨)


BACKGROUND
Primary repair of penetrating colon injuries is an appealing management option. However, uncertainty about its safety persists.

OBJECTIVES
The objective of this review was to compare morbidity and mortality rates after primary repair to the rates after fecal diversion, in the management of penetrating colon injuries, using a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

SEARCH STRATEGY
We searched MEDLINE (1966 to November 2001), the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, and EMBASE using the terms colon, penetrating, injury, colostomy, prospective, and randomized.

SELECTION CRITERIA
Studies were included if they were randomized controlled trials comparing the outcomes of primary repair versus fecal diversion in the management of penetrating colon injuries. Five studies were included.

DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Reviewers performed data extraction independently. Outcomes evaluated from each trial included mortality, total complications, infectious complications, intra-abdominal infections, wound complications, penetrating abdominal trauma index (PATI), and length of stay. Peto odds ratios (ORs) for combined effect were calculated with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for each outcome. Heterogeneity was assessed for each outcome, using a chi-squared test.

MAIN RESULTS
PATI scores of included subjects did not significantly differ between studies. Mortality was not significantly different between groups (OR 1.70; 95% CI 0.51-5.66). However, total complications (OR 0.28; 95% CI 0.18-0.42), total infectious complications (OR 0.41; 95% CI 0.27- 0.63), abdominal infections including dehiscence (OR 0.59; 95% CI 0.38-0.94), abdominal infections excluding dehiscence (OR 0.52; 95% CI 0.31-0.86), wound complications including dehiscence (OR 0.55; 95% CI 0.34-0.89), and wound complications excluding dehiscence (OR 0.43; 95% CI 0.25-0.76) all significantly favored primary repair.

REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS
Meta-analysis of currently published randomized controlled trials favors primary repair over fecal diversion for penetrating colon injuries.


Data from archival sources, representative national surveys, and a prospective study of the effects of urbanization are used to depict trends in violence and reactions of citizens during South Africa's transition to democracy. Violence has shifted in form from state-sponsored attacks on opponents of apartheid, to politically motivated inter-ethnic conflict, and finally to community violence classified as familial and criminal. Archival data show clearly that politically motivated violence declined precipitously by the end of 1994. Although personal and property crimes have increased modestly and total violence has remained stable, the level of fear reported by citizens has not. Even though the direct experience of violence reported by individuals did not increase, the overwhelming majority of South Africans felt less safe in 1994 both inside and outside of their homes than at the height of political violence. The post transformation peace is being lost to anxiety about criminal violence.


It was shown, that Chen detector for random signals in correlated Gaussian noise provides better performance. But usage the detector in case of uncorrelated noise is beside the purpose.


In this review we make a brief presentation of the text structure. Then we present a description of the contents dividing the work into three parts: (i) first we consider the introduction and then (ii) the contents developed in the first and (iii) second part of the work, including the conclusion.


Current modeling languages are based on the concepts taken from programming languages, leading to a poor mapping to an organizations' own domains and duplication of effort in problem solving, design and coding. Domain-specific languages allow faster development, based on models of the product rather than on models of the code. A domain-specific modeling language applies concepts and rules found in the domain. Together with generators and components it can automate a large portion of software production. Industrial applications of this approach show remarkable improvements in productivity: up to ten times faster. This poster describes a framework for implementing domain-specific visual modeling languages and summarizes industrial experiences from the use of domain-specific languages. The results of an OOPSLA workshop in this area will also be reported in this poster.


Coarsened Exact Matching allowed for a balanced comparison between phakic patients who received ab interno trabeculectomy and trabectome with same session phacoemulsification. Phacoemulsification was not found to be a statistically significant contributor to IOP reduction when combined with this microincisional glaucoma surgery.


This article focuses on answering questions regarding the SIWI implementation strategy for deaf children in Lamongan. This is because there are deaf children in the Lamongan SLB school who have difficulty receiving teacher instructions so that it is more difficult to learn to write. Given the importance of writing for deaf students, of course the teacher must find a solution, one of which can be using the SIWI strategy to spur deaf students' writing skills. So in this article we will look at the implementation of the SIWI strategy by classroom teachers to improve the writing skills of deaf students. This research is a type of qualitative research using a phenomenological approach. This aims to photograph the SIWI implementation strategy in Lamongan SLB. Data collection in this study used two techniques, namely interviews and field observations. The results of this study indicate the effectiveness of applying the SIWI strategy in class during the learning process at SL Lamongan and indications that SIWI can be applied properly so as to encourage the improvement of deaf students' ability to write.


In the present work, laminar cross flow forced convective heat transfer of nanofluid over tube banks with various geometry under constant wall temperature condition is investigated numerically. We used nanofluid instead of pure fluid ,as external cross flow, because of its potential to increase heat transfer of system. The effect of the nanofluid on the compact heat exchanger performance was studied and compared to that of a conventional fluid.The two-dimensional steady state Navier-Stokes equations and the energy equation governing laminar incompressible flow are solved using a Finite volume method for the case of flow across an in-line bundle of tube banks as commercial compact heat exchanger. The nanofluid used was alumina-water 4% and the performance was compared with water. In this paper, the effect of parameters such as various tube shapes ( flat, circle, elliptic), and heat transfer comparison between nanofluid and pure fluid is studied. Temperature profile, heat transfer coefficient and pressure profile were obtained from the simulations and the performance was discussed in terms of heat transfer rate and performance index. Results indicated enhanced performance in the use of a nanofluid, and slight penalty in pressure drop. The increase in Reynolds number caused an increase in the heat transfer rate and a decrease in the overall bulk temperature of the cold fluid. The results show that, for a given heat duty, a mas flow rate required of the nanofluid is lower than that of water causing lower pressure drop. Consequently, smaller equipment and less pumping power are required.


Photorefractive keratectomy with 193 nm excimer laser has been used for the treatment of myopia. Because of its big size and hazards of toxic gas, a 2.94 micrometers Er:YAG laser had been suggested for this purpose. The aims of the present study was to investigate the thermal effects in the corneas after exposed to Er:YAG laser with different pulse widths. 14 New- Zealand white rabbits were divided into two groups. In the first group, the corneas were irradiated by a normal spiking mode Er:YAG laser with a pulse width of 150 microsecond(s) at the fluence of 585 approximately 697 mJ/cm2. In the second group, the corneas were exposed to a Q-switch mode of Er:YAG laser with a pulse width of 700 ns at the fluence of 524 approximately 562 mJ/cm2 and 700 approximately 850 mJ/cm2. The eyes were followed up 5 months and enucleated for histopathologic inspection 30 minutes, 2 weeks, 1, 2 and 5 months postoperatively. Corneal stromal hazes in the first group were more obvious than that in the second group. The most significant haze was observed two weeks after treatments and disappeared at two months. The adjacent thermal damage in the first group were much wider than that in the second group. To minimize the thermal and shock wave effect, the Q-switch mode Er:YAG laser with pulse width around 700 ns is recommended for corneal surgery.


The article identified occupational hazards at the workplace operators mining machines employed in open pit and underground mining, presents the methodology to determine the integral indicator of working conditions. The possibility of practical use of the capabilities of fuzzy modeling in MATLAB to evaluate hazardous conditions at the workplace of workers of the mining industry.


In Minas Gerais, in recent years, three clubs moved his team to other cities, including the Ipatinga FC who moved to the city of Betim, in 2013, returning to his hometown at the end of that year. The purpose of this study was to understand the process of (un) configuration and (re) configuration of the supporting in the cities of Betim and Ipatinga, and how to set the relationship of the fans with the Ipatinga FC / Betim EC. The study invloved the application forms and semi-structured interviews to the fans of both teams. The results, although different in the two cities studied, indicate to involvement of fans with clubs as a leisure option and that they are representative in the form of expression of feelings that fans have with their places and territories.


The object of this study was to know the effects of various die casting conditions such as injection pressure, locking force, injection speed, sleeve temperature, chill period, molten metal temperature, automatically controlled mold temperature, and injection speed ratio on the mechanical properties of ADC12 alloy products (ASTM E8 test bar). The die casting machine used in our laboratory was of DC 250 type, which can record the measuring results of the above casting conditions and also can control the mold temperature. The results obtained were as follows:1. Injection pressure and locking force gave almost no effects on the mechanical properties of ASTM test bar.2. Mechanical properties decayed at extremely high or low injection speed, but they were improved with the increase of injection speed, because the pressure increased immediately after filling molten metal into the cavity, whereby beneficial effects were given on the strength of the products.3. Higher casting temperature (680°C) was recommended for better mechanical properties from the viewpoints of fluidity and castability of molten metal.4. Mechanical properties decayed with the elevation of mold temperature.5. They were the best at the injection speed ratio of 1 to 1.6. Mechanical properties of ASTM test bar, were independent of the chill period of 5-10 seconds.


The construction of modern transport infrastructure in Greece was progressing at a very low pace until the 80's due to the limited availability of financing. The initiation of a large number of projects was only possible in early 90's, as a result of the European Union's decision to develop a Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T) and to create the European financing instruments to boost it. At the same time, the European Union revitalized Public and Private Partnerships (PPPs) to enable the construction of additional projects. Nowadays, the financial crisis has led to the substantial reduction of public investments and to problems in PPPs advancement, thus limiting considerably the TEN-T progress. In this paper, the TEN-T development in Greece from 1990 to date is critically reviewed in its various aspects and phases: the formation and approval of master plans for each transport mode and the selection of priority projects included therein; the concessions awarded in order to accelerate theprogramme realization; the procedures employed regarding the legal consents: issuance of expropriations permits, extraction of materials from quarries and borrow pits, archaeological investigations, fauna and flora protection etc.; the project design. Suggestions are made on the way forward to TEN-T completion, taking into consideration the Greek Economy's problems and perspectives.


The Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) is the international reference time-scale, and provides the basis for broadcast time signals and for time-keeping in the large majority of countries. In its current form, UTC is computed as the average of a large number of atomic clocks and its scale interval is based on the second in the International System units (SI), but it is adjusted by the occasional insertion of one second (called as leap second), to maintain close alignment with Universal Time 1 (UT1), a time-scale determined by the rotation of the Earth. The UTC system with leap seconds is not a continuous time scale, in resent years, several countries and international organizations have started a discussion on the need to abolish the application of leap second in UTC, however, some countries oppose it. Issues on leap second worldwide are presented in this paper.


Electronic medical record (EMR) systems, once considered esoteric technologies confined to research settings, are now entering the mainstream of healthcare computing. In 2000, 64% of providers who responded to the HIMSS Leadership Survey were at some stage of EMR implementation, whether developing a plan (23%), beginning installation (29%), or implementing a fully operational EMR (12%) (HIMSS Leadership Survey, 2000). Increasingly, provider organizations believe EMRs can help address operational challenges, such as increasing clinical staff productivity, billing accurately, monitoring and reporting on care quality, and offering patients access to their medical data. Some organizations are also looking to EMRs to improve the efficiency of retrospective clinical research. To meet these challenges, an EMR system must do more than store medical records as electronic renditions of paper-based charts. It also must provide an internal model of the stored medical data so that computers can automatically process the data, "understand" them to some extent, and perform valuable analysis (Sujansky, 1998b). An EMR system that includes such a model is called a structured EMR. A cardinal element of a structured EMR is a controlled medical terminalogy (Cimino 2000). An entire subfield of medical informatics studies and develops terminologies to enable the analysis of data in structured EMRs. However, equally important are terminologies that enable clinicians to enter data into structured EMRs. Although terminologies for data entry have generally received less attention, data analysis is impossible without prior data entry, and data entry is difficult without appropriate termino logies. Figure 9.1 illustrates the flow of clinical data in a structured EMR and highlights the roles of terminologies for data entry and analysis. In this chapter, we discuss the requirements and desired attributes of terminologies for data analysis (reference terminologies) and data en try (interface terminologies), and consider the differences between them. We also describe a strategy for reconciling the differences to create a structured EMR system, one that supports both entry and analysis of clin ical data.


A high level of turbulence is generated in the region upstream of the leading edge of a wing. The phenomenon has been investigated on two-dimensional wings and the existence of coherent structures at the stagnation point has been observed. The present paper deals with the flow upstream of the leading edge of a swept wing. A swept wing with a blunt leading edge has been used as a model in order to have a relatively thick boundary layer on the attachment line. The experiment has been carried out in a low turbulence wind tunnel and the freestream turbulence has been changed through a metallic string positioned ahead of the model. Two different configurations for the same string have been studied and compared to the clean case.


[Objective]To establish a method for the determination of formaldehyde in indoor air.[Methods]The air sample was collected in the large bubble absorption pipette with water as absorbing liquid.The formaldehyde reacted with Phenol reagent,the generation of azine was oxidized to blue compound by high-iron ion.Quantitative colorimetric accorded to the color depth.[Results]Determination range was 0.005~0.1 mg/m3,linear regression equation was Y=0.1909X+0.0444,correlation coefficient r=0.9998,RSD ≤3.5%,recovery of standard addition was 92.0% ~ 96.0%.[Conclusion] The method is simple,with good precision and recovery,and suitable for the determination of formaldehyde in indoor air.


Granulomatosis with polyangiitis as a cause of kidney-lung syndrome is uncommon in children. We report the case of a 13 year old patient with alveolar hemorrhage, rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, episcleritis and anti PR3. We refer to features of the ANCA-associated vasculitis in children and to its therapeutic approach.


Simple Summary Dysregulated glutamine metabolism is one of the metabolic features evident in cancer cells when compared to normal cells. Cancer cells utilize glutamine for energy generation as well as the synthesis of other molecules that are critical for cancer growth and progression. Therefore, drugs targeting glutamine metabolism have been extensively investigated. However, inhibition of glutamine metabolism in cancer cells results in the activation of other metabolic pathways enabling cancer cells to survive. In this review, we summarize and discuss the targets in glutamine metabolism, which has been probed in the development of anticancer drugs in preclinical and clinical studies. We further discuss pathways activated in response to glutamine metabolism inhibition, enabling cancer cells to survive the challenge. Finally, we put into perspective combined treatment strategies targeting glutamine metabolism along with other pathways as potential treatment options. Abstract Tumor growth and metastasis strongly depend on adapted cell metabolism. Cancer cells adjust their metabolic program to their specific energy needs and in response to an often challenging tumor microenvironment. Glutamine metabolism is one of the metabolic pathways that can be successfully targeted in cancer treatment. The dependence of many hematological and solid tumors on glutamine is associated with mitochondrial glutaminase (GLS) activity that enables channeling of glutamine into the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, generation of ATP and NADPH, and regulation of glutathione homeostasis and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Small molecules that target glutamine metabolism through inhibition of GLS therefore simultaneously limit energy availability and increase oxidative stress. However, some cancers can reprogram their metabolism to evade this metabolic trap. Therefore, the effectiveness of treatment strategies that rely solely on glutamine inhibition is limited. In this review, we discuss the metabolic and molecular pathways that are linked to dysregulated glutamine metabolism in multiple cancer types. We further summarize and review current clinical trials of glutaminolysis inhibition in cancer patients. Finally, we put into perspective strategies that deploy a combined treatment targeting glutamine metabolism along with other molecular or metabolic pathways and discuss their potential for clinical applications.


Geomorphology is the study of landforms and the processes responsible for making and modifying them. Fluvial geomorphology is the study of landforms whose genesis and evolution are affected by flowing water. A river or stream constitutes a geomorphic system and in working on a natural watercourse the complete system must be considered because, even though a project may directly involve only a small portion of the system, it has the potential to trigger morphological responses in any part of the system. It is impossible to predict the types and locations of morphological responses without a good understanding of the fluvial system, and this demands thorough knowledge of the water and sediment regimes of the river, because the water discharge and associated sediment load drive morphological processes in the system. Water and sediment regimes in rivers derive from the natural climatic, geologic, topographic, and biologic characteristics of the watershed, together with land use and water resource management effects in developed watersheds. It is these watershed attributes and activities that control runoff and sediment sources, the magnitude and distribution of flows, the caliber and type of sediment, and the manner in which water and sediment are supplied to the channel network. In turn, interaction of the flow and sediment load with the materials forming the bed and banks of the channel dictate the three-dimensional morphology of the alluvial channel and its propensity for stability or change (Schumm 1977). The purpose of this chapter is to present an overview of some basic concepts of fluvial geomorphology and river mechanics, with an emphasis on their application to engineering design of channel rehabilitation projects. In this chapter, "channel rehabilitation" is used in a broad sense that encompasses all aspects of channel modification to achieve a desired channel improvement, whether for river restoration, flood control, navigation, water supply, channel stability, sediment control, or other beneficial use. Regardless of the goals of the rehabilitation project, sound understanding of geomorphic processes and forms in fluvial systems is essential to successful performance of channel rehabilitation projects.


In this work a test set for dielectric measurements at 2.45 GHz during curing of polymer composites is developed. Fast reconstruction of dielectric properties is solved using a neural network algorithm. Modelling of the curing process at 2.45 GHz using both dielectric constant and dielectric loss factor results in a more accurate model compared to low frequency modeling that only uses the loss factor. Effects of various harderners and different amount of filler are investigated.


Poly-4-vinylphenol (PVP), cross-linked PVP and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) are employed as polymeric insulators and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is utilized to form self-assembled monolayers on the polymeric insulators. With a hexamethyldisilazane monolayer on polymeric dielectrics, an ordered molecular orientation is formed with larger grains resulting in improved carrier mobilities, and low threshold voltages (VT). Moreover, ultraviolet/ozone (UVO) treatment is used to enhance the alignment of HMDS monolayer on polymeric insulator surface and a time dependent effect is observed for UV/ozone treatment. For PVP and cross-linked PVP substrates, a short UVO exposure enhances the HMDS reaction on the polymer surface, and a long UVO exposure shows an adverse effect. On the other hand, PMMA is found to be more sensitive to UVO treatment and displayed performance degradation. These findings will be of value for solution processed insulators for printable electronic applications on flexible substrates.


8 God created the earth "to be inhabited" (Isaiah 45:18, NIV). This means that our earthly habitat is not a fortuitous accidental phenomenon of little worth, but rather, it is one to be highly valued and preserved.1 Unfortunately, because of wrongful interactions by human beings with the environment, an ecological crisis is underway. Some scientists suggest that "we are living on borrowed time, and tragically, we are borrowing the time from coming generations .... The longer this current generation puts off coming to terms with the carrying capacity of the biosphere-living sustainable-the harder it will be for future generations to make it."2 How should we as Christians respond to the ecological crisis we face today? How should we be responsible stewards of our divinely designed home? An appropriate step would be to understand the biblical basis of ecology, the reality of the ecological crisis, and some positive measures we can adopt.


We have developed a novel cryostat for variable temperature testing of high temperature superconductors. overturned stainless steel Dewar suspended in liquid helium. A sample-heater-thermometer assembly is located at the top of the encapsulated (and thermally insulated) vapor space inside of the Dewar. can be rapidly cycled from 300 K to 4 K at an average rate of 1 K/min with a thermal hysteresis of less than 0.1 K. of the bathysphere so that pressure of the vapor is roughly ambient. This provides ample heat transfer to and from the sample to maintain thermal equilibrium in the vapor space. Results for resistance versus temperature of some high temperature superconductors in a magnetic field are presented. Also, various definitions for thermodynamic and practical Tc's derived from transport resistance measurements are suggested and discussed. These definitions are based on Tc midpoint, various relative resistance criteria, or absolute resistivity criteria. The cryostat is a bathysphere consisting of an


The development of post-surgical neuralgia (PSN) is multi-factorial and many questions still remain unanswered. PSN results from traumatic nerve injury during a surgical procedure. Little is known about the correlation between the mechanism of injury and the clinical presentation. PSN is often unrecogonized and misdiagnosed. It can be severely debilitating. The consequences of postsurgical neuralgia not only affect a patient's quality of life, but also have a profound impact on healthcare costs. Identifying predisposing risk factors, utilizing a preventative approach, proper and timely detection, enhancing awareness amongst physicians and early pain management referral are imperative steps in the treatment of PSN. Surgeons and anesthesiologist have a crucial role in the prevention of PSN. Identifying high risk patients and high risk surgery types along with collaborative efforts to implement a multimodal perioperative analgesic plan is recommended.


Objective:To explore the influence of practicing quality management of clinical pathway on settlement of medical expense.Methods:The writers make statistical contrast by putting three kinds diseases into traditional group and clinical pathway group before and after the practice of quality management of clinical pathway and statistical analysis with SPSS 13.0,basing on evaluation indexes,average hospitalization expenses,average hospitalization days and satisfactory degree from patients.Results:They find that the average hospitalization expenses and average hospitalization days of clinical pathway group are lower and fewer than those of traditional group,and the difference is obvious(P0.01);the satisfactory degree from clinical pathway group is clearly higher than that of traditional group,and the difference is obvious(P0.01).Conclusion:The practice of quality management of clinical pathway can strikingly reduce hospitalization expenses and hospitalization days,and improve satisfactory degree from patients.


This article aims to discuss the importance of initial training apart from the technical and biological issues and has focused on the formation of a critical teacher, and it has the supervised curricular as the core content of the discussion. It starts with the premise that the Physical Education in higher school requires many areas that enable the vision of all human movement, however, seems to occur in a natural excessive preoccupation with biological and technical content and a lack of theoretical teaching to discuss critically the various spheres of activity of the Physical Education teacher.


The article offers a variant of updating the modern school literature program by including modern texts aimed at "young adult literature". In contrast to the foreign practice of publishing and discussing literature for teenagers and "young adults", in which new children's literature has long been working with the established taboos of the adult world (themes of death, sex, bullying in the collective, domestic violence, etc.), in Russia the value of such literature is a debatable issue, although a number of popular texts (P. Sanaev, N. Abgaryan, D. Sabitova et al.), obviously, correspond to this trend. Based on an experiment with grade 8 students, who were offered modern works of three thematic blocks (texts dedicated to unknown and tragic pages of the history of the XX century, family themes and topical issues of relations between peers), the potential of modern domestic and foreign literature young adult to encourage interested reading and dialogue with the student is shown. The article presents comments on excerpts from school essays, in which they tell about the texts they read and offer to include in the school course works that are understandable and close to the modern teenager.


Due to shortened product innovation cycles, high variant products, demand fluctuation, equipment life cycles, and technology life cycles, regular changes in manufacturing systems are necessary. As elements of a factory are connected via a complex network of relations and flows, single changes can have an impact on the entire manufacturing system. In order to enable a successful change management, companies need to understand and consider all possible change impacts. For this purpose, this paper presents a method for change impact analysis in factory systems. By combination of manufacturing system modeling and a network of manufacturing metrics, change impacts on arbitrary metrics can be estimated. The definition of constraints between factory element properties improves the certainty of the analysis' results. Consecutive required changes are applied directly to the model and are equally considered in the change impact analysis. In an exemplary scenario, the applicability in principle of the approach is demonstrated, but also, current limitations and further research activities are identified.


The world in which animals
took their first tentative
footsteps on land was a very
different one from today.
No verdant meadows, nor
forests. Not a fern to be seen.
The only plants were mosses and
liverworts, clinging to rocks in wet
places. For the most part the land was a
bare, windswept world, probably not too
dissimilar to the surface of Mars. Yet for
some reason, some animals decided to
leave the oceans, rivers and lakes, and
venture on to this largely barren surface.
Like the first Mars Rover that left its
distinctive marks on virgin Martian soils,
the first animals to drag themselves out
of their aqueous world onto a harsh
landscape at least 450 million years ago,
left their own distinctive traces.


We conduct an empirical analysis of quality competition between broadband Internet Service Providers (ISPs), using National Broadband Map data for 2011-2013 for almost a thousand local markets in California. We examine how incumbent ADSL firms respond to competition from CLECs and cable modem service providers. We use an important quality attribute, the downstream data rate, and estimate the strategic choice of quality for broadband ISPs.

Our paper follows a static game theoretic approach to the profit maximization decision of a broadband provider that leads to a simple two-stage method of estimation of the structural parameters of the ISPs' profit functions. The method accounts for both the strategic aspect of each firm's quality decision, as well as the endogeneity problems inherent in the estimation problem.

Our results include two main findings. First, ILECs improve the quality of their ADSL offerings when a cable player enters the market, and also when cable operators start to offer DOCSIS 3.0 speeds. Second, ILEC ADSL providers do not raise their service quality in response to ADSL competition from CLECs, but they do boost their speed when CLECs deploy fiber in the market. This research represents the first step in what we hope to be a major advance in the empirical analysis of broadband provision, where little structural econometric work has been done.


EXOPTIM: design of experiment that are optimally planned and time-varying for identification of models: Matlab/Scala toolbox, with profiler and license unlock. 2. Journees Nationales du Developpement Logiciel


PURPOSE
For over 20 years, the United States has suffered the detrimental effects of an opioid epidemic. Extended-release opioid products are particularly prone to abuse due to the high amount of opioid present. By bypassing the controlled-release mechanisms and non-oral administration, individuals experience intense and dangerous "highs." Abuse-deterrent opioid formulations have been recommended as a potential solution to the crisis, but widespread utilization has been stunted and their role in therapy remains unclear owing to limited real-world efficacy data and affordability issues.This review discusses abuse-deterrent opioid formulations, the mechanisms and data underlying available products, and a pharmacist's perspective of their role in the opioid crisis.

METHODS
The authors reviewed PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar electronic databases for pre- and post-marketing studies on OxyContin, Xtampza ER, and Hysingla ER.

RESULTS
Studies showed lower rates of abuse (19% reduction), opioid use disorder (27%), overdose (34%), and fatalities (85%) with the reformulated OxyContin when compared with the original product and comparator opioids. However, these studies revealed the potential for bypassing abuse-deterrent mechanisms and diverting abuse to other drugs.Post-marketing studies are unavailable for Xtampza ER or Hysingla ER, although pre-marketing studies suggested some controlled-release properties persist when the product is manipulated, indicating that abuse may be more difficult and less rewarding.

CONCLUSIONS
Abuse-deterrent opioid products may lead to reductions in abuse, overdose, and overdose fatalities. However, cost, loopholes in deterrence mechanism, and possible diversion to other substances hinder their role in the opioid crisis. Multiple approaches must be employed to improve opioid safety, and further post-marketing and real-world analyses should be performed on available opioid formulations to assess their impact on abuse-related adverse events.


The small punch creep test was applied to evaluate the creep behavior of a 316 type austenitic stainless steel at temperatures of 650, 675 and 700 °C. The small punch test was carried out using a creep tester with a specimen size of 10×10×0.3 mm at 650, 675 and 700 °C using loads from 199 to 512 N. The small punch creep curves show the three stages found in the creep curves of the conventional uniaxial test. The conventional creep relationships which involve parameters such as creep rate, stress, time to rupture and temperature were followed with the corresponding parameters of small punch creep test and they permitted to explain the creep behavior in this steel. The mechanism and activation energy of the deformation process were the grain boundary sliding and diffusion, respectively, during creep which caused the intergranular fracture in the tested specimens.


Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly used for target volume delineation in radiotherapy due to its superior soft tissue visualisation compared to computed tomography (CT). The aim of this study was to assess the impact of a radiologist‐led workshop on inter‐observer variability in volume delineation on MRI.


Cerebellar glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly malignant brain tumour, which is exceedingly rare and such tumour presenting as cerebellopontine angle (CPA) mass is even rarer. We here discuss the case of a 15-year-old girl who had cerebellar GBM presenting as CPA mass that resembled meningioma on CT scan and was managed successfully with minimal problems.


The pseudohermaphrodite rat is characterized by lack of androgen-dependent differentiation. Treatment of these rats with testosterone failed to produce the expected changes in preputial and adrenal gland weights and hexobarbital metabolism. This insitivity of the end organ to testosterone could not be explained by defective formation of dihydrotestosterone.


Publications and Citations of the Journal of East China Normal University (Natural Science Edition) is studied. The publication statistics of the journal since its establishment in 1955 is presented. Also presented are data of citations of the journal by CNKI during 1998~2005 and by SCI since 1980. The purpose of the study is to have a better understanding of our journal and to find ways to improve it.


Traditional sciences take a perspective of materialist substantialism from modern time, on the contrary, systemic science (SS)emerged from 1940' s views Relation as the epistemological foundation. That means, view object systemically, and reveal the common regulation and rules of the relation in different ways. Therefore, study the SS ways and its history, the significant is not only theoretically, but also practically.


Myeloma tumor cells may contain a multitude of tumor antigens that can stimulate an increased repertoire of anti-tumor T cells and lead to an induction of stronger antimyeloma responses. Myeloma plasma cells may in fact express MHC class-I antigens; adhesion molecules, such as CD44, CD56, CD54, and VLA-4; signaling or costimulatory molecules CD40 and CD28; as well as the Fas antigen (CD95). Some of the plasma cells also express HLA-DR, CD80, and CD86 [1,2]. Results from recent research have indicated that myeloma cells are susceptible to T cell-mediated cytolysis. In the post-allograft relapse setting, in which myeloma patients are chemotherapy refractory, long-lasting disease remission has been achieved after infusion of donor lymphocytes, a phenomenon termed graft-versus-myeloma (GVM) effect [3]. This GVM effect is closely associated with graft-versushost disease (GVHD), and donor-derived alloreactive and tumor-specifi c T cells are believed to mediate these effects. Here, we describe a patient with multiple myeloma (MM) who experienced a long lasting complete remission after Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) onset while receiving lenalidomide in combination with prednisolone. We discuss the possible mechanisms that led to the long-lasting remission.


Simple Summary Sarcoma is a rare cancer originating in soft tissue or bone. Prognostic models are used to modify therapy and improve survival. The present study aimed to evaluate if the combination of PET parameters and circulating biomarkers can improve the prognostic accuracy. When PET parameters were added to the existing models, the prognostic value increased in all models. A new prognostic model (SBSpib), including the biomarkers albumin, lymphocytes, and one PET parameter, metabolic tumor volume, was developed. SBSpib separates patients into four different groups, where the chance of survival increases with decreasing scores. Overall, combining PET parameters and circulating biomarkers improves the prognostic value. However, SBSpib must be validated before implementation. Abstract Sarcomas are rare and have a high mortality rate. Further prognostic classification, with readily available parameters, is warranted, and several studies have examined circulating biomarkers and PET parameters separately. This single-site, retrospective study aimed to examine the prognostic values of several scoring systems in combination with PET parameters. We included 148 patients with sarcoma, who were treated and scanned at Aarhus University Hospital from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2019. The Akaike information criterion and Harrell's concordance index were used to evaluate whether the PET parameters added prognostic information to existing prognostic models using circulating biomarkers. Of the PET parameters, metabolic tumor volume (MTV) performed best, and when combined with the existing prognostic models, the prognostic value improved in all models. Backward stepwise selection was used to create a new model, SBSpib, which included albumin, lymphocytes, and one PET parameter, MTV. It has scores ranging from zero to three and increasing hazard ratios; HR = 4.83 (1.02–22.75) for group one, HR = 7.40 (1.6–33.42) for group two, and HR = 17.32 (3.45–86.93) for group three. Consequently, implementing PET parameters in prognostic models improved the prognostic value. SBSpib is a new prognostic model that includes both circulating biomarkers and PET parameters; however, validation in another sarcoma cohort is warranted.


This article summarizes briefly the results obtained within the symmetrized approach to intensity‐based computer binocular stereo vision, considering it as a problem of optimal statistical estimation of digital terrain model (DTM) from a given stereo pair of images. This approach was proposed by the author in 1972–1979 and then extended to take into account main geometric and photometric characteristics of the binocular stereo vision: symmetry of both channels, nonuniform intensity distortions over the images, limited possibilities for binocular perception of the terrain, and inherent ambiguity of the DTM estimation from the stereo pair.


We present a method for removing the ambiguity in the transverse component of the photospheric magnetic field measured by vector magnetographs. The method is based upon the use of the divergence-free condition satisfied by the magnetic field in the sense of least squares. The method requires the measurement of the longitudinal component of the magnetic field at two depth levels in the photosphere. The method is is shown to be efficient when compared to other existing methods on some particular analytical force-free magnetic fields.


Ducted fan UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) has broad application prospective. To study flight dynamics and flight control problems of ducted fan UAV, this paper developed a refined aerodynamic model for the ducted fan UAV by wind tunnel test. Based on that, the flight dynamic model of ducted fan UAV was built, which showed features as being nonlinear and unstable and of strong coupling and, therefore, inspired this paper to adopt a strong adaptive control approach based on decoupling to perform attitude control on the ducted fan vehicle. The approach combined model tracking control and reference model adaptive control together, which highly reduced attitude tracking error and improved stability margin of the closed-loop system, and was successfully applied in flight control simulation and flight tests of the vehicle.


(d) If the commissioner does not make the determination that instructional materials funding has been made available under subsection (b) of this section, the commissioner shall determine no later than August 31 of each subsequent school year whether instructional materials funding has been made available. If the commissioner determines that instructional materials funding has been made available, the commissioner shall notify the State Board of Education and school districts that §§117.201-117.213 of this subchapter shall be implemented for the following school year.


Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) is a three-dimensional (3D) x-ray imaging modality that has recently been employed to increase lesion conspicuity through the removal of overlying tissue. Recently, a great deal of work has been devoted to the development of contrast enhanced (CE) DBT. Radio-opaque contrast agents (e.g. iodine) are injected into patients with suspicious breast lesions, with the goal of differentiating malignant tumors from benign by imaging the contrast uptake signature associated with angiogenesis. Either temporal subtraction (TS) or dual energy (DE) subtraction may be performed to further remove structural noise from the images. The current work quantifies the change in power-law noise after either DE subtraction or TS using structured breast tissue equivalent phantoms. Additionally, iodine contrast filled phantoms were used to determine the effect of x-ray energy and image subtraction technique on the signaldifference- to-noise ratio (SDNR). Finally, we investigate the improvement in imaging performance of an amorphous selenium (a-Se) direct conversion flat panel detector with increased a-Se thickness.


In this paper, we analyze the main schemes for pricing electricity transmission. First, we present a comparison of the performance of pricing schemes using criteria from the Energy Modeling Forum. And second, we discuss a classification of the performance of mechanisms in different market structures. Our analysis shows the importance of considering the market structure and design when designing pricing mechanisms for transmission services.


A method of analysing non-linear audio effects is described in which a sequence of differing level impulses is fed to a device under test. The resulting impulse responses are recorded and applied by dynamic convolution to input signals to simulate the sampled effect. In this way effective simulation of effects such as valve amplification and analogue recording may be achieved. *With minor textual amendments 19/1/2000


The main aim of the study was to test the cladoceran planktonic:littoral (P/L) method in Holocene lake-level studies with three cores from a small lake (Iso Lehmälampi, 60°21 'N, 24°36'E), in southern Finland. The cores were analysed for pollen, diatoms and Cladocera, which provided marker horizons, such as appearance level and maxima of species, for correlation with the fluctuations in P/L ratio in the cores. P/L fluctuations appeared to be corresponding and contemporaneous in all three cores and suggested that there were changes of lake level during the Holocene. Water level was high c. 9000-8000 14C yr BP and low c. 7000 BP. The time from c. 4000 BP to modern times is characterized by several short-term fluctuations in water level. The P/L record appeared to be most informative in cores taken outside the shallow littoral area where redeposition may 'smooth' the curves. The chydorid species composition was rather uniform in the three cores and showed that analysis from only one core can give a reliable picture of species succession. Although the same P/L fluctuations could be found in all cores, there were large differences in the amplitude of fluctuations in the curves; this suggested that it is not possible to reconstruct the magnitude of lake-level change with this method.


Metacognitive teaching holds an essential role today since it facilitates the development of lifelong learning skills and prepares students for their professional careers. It is crucial to show if metacognition is strongly related to epistemological beliefs, this influencing how teachers use various teaching strategies and are in tune with their students' learning process. This research sheds light on how metacognition relates to epistemological beliefs in the educational context and aims to find the relationship between these two variables and test the predictive role of epistemological beliefs on metacognition. Two self-reported instruments on a five-point Likert scale were completed by 146 pre-university teachers, who took part in our online investigation. Metacognition used in teaching practices was measured with The Metacognitive Awareness Inventory for teachers and teachers' epistemological beliefs with The Epistemological Questionnaire Beliefs Inventory. Data analysis included specific demographic characteristics such as age, teaching experience, teaching level, specialization, job type, and teaching degrees, which were related to both epistemological beliefs and metacognitive awareness. In terms of the relationship between epistemological beliefs and metacognitive awareness, a strong predictive model has been revealed: epistemological beliefs are a strong predictor of metacognitive awareness. The findings are analysed in relation to their practical implications.


Folk custom and culture is authorized by customs,demanding strong obedience and value prescriptiveness.With the traditional culture at the core,the Chaoshan oceanic folk-custom and culture is very special in that it integrates oceanic culture and foreign culture.Because the oceanic culture incarnates the culture and tradition,and abundant history of oceanic Chaoshan Area,it is thus an important component for rebuilding oceanic folk-custom and culture of Chaoshan Area.The correct interpretation of the historical message concealed within will contribute to the development of the new marine folklore.But with the development of modern society, and the changing of life style,great changes have been taking place in culture,particularly in the aspects of spiritual psychology,and the aesthetic and psychological complex.In the circumstances of cultural globalizalion,how to transform the oceanic folk-custom and culture of Chaoshan Area into the one that not only can preserve its local features,but also keep up with the times,thus making contribution to the world culture,is a significant issue we are faced with in the new century.


From a complex network perspective, investigating the stock market holds paramount significance as it enables the systematic revelation of topological features inherent in the market. This approach is crucial in exploring market interconnectivity, systemic risks, portfolio management, and structural evolution. However, prevailing methodologies for constructing networks based on stock data rely on threshold filtering, often needing help to uncover intricate underlying associations among stocks. To address this, we introduce the Stock Network Inference Framework (SNIF), which leverages a self-encoding mechanism. Specifically, the Stock Network Inference Encoder (SNIE) facilitates network construction, while the Movement Prediction Decoder (MPD) enhances movement forecasting. This integrated process culminates in the inference of a stock network, exhibiting remarkable performance across applications such as market structure analysis, stock movement prediction, portfolio construction, and community evolution analysis. Our approach streamlines the automatic construction of stock networks, liberating the process from threshold dependencies and eliminating the need for additional financial indicators. Incorporating Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) models within the SNIF framework, we effectively unearth deep-seated associations among stocks, augmenting the toolset available for comprehensive financial market research. This integration empowers our methodology to automatically construct stock networks without threshold dependencies or reliance on additional economic indicators.


For the graph G = (V,E), recall the LP that defines the fractional independence number α∗(G). We associate the variable xv with vertex v and impose the following constraints: (1) (∀v ∈ V )(xv ≥ 0) (2) (∀ clique C in G)( ∑ v∈C xv ≤ 1). We seek to maximize ∑ v∈V xv under these constraints. In order to give a lower bound on this maximum, α∗(G), it suffices to guess a feasible solution. Let us set xv = 1 α(G) = 1 ω(G) for each v ∈ V . This is a feasible solution, i. e., it satisfies the constraints. (Verify this!) Therefore


The disclosed electrode plate has a substrate, is arranged so as to face a discharge electrode, and constitutes a corona-discharge generating section which causes corona discharge between the discharge electrode and said electrode. The substrate is made of ceramic fibers. Thus, the electrode plate is extremely lightweight. Therefore, even when a plurality of electrode plates are arranged parallel to one another as in the electrifying section or the collecting section of an electric dust collector, the overall weight of the electric dust collector can be reduced.


Abstract Our work on tunable rf and microwave devices based on 90° off-axis magnetron sputtered Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 epitaxial thin films is reviewed. In particular, we have studied the effects of energetic bombardment during deposition on the structural and electrical properties of these films. The fundamental result of changing the energetic bombardment conditions during deposition is to affect the stress/strain state of the films. We show that high bombardment conditions result in films with significantly extended out-of-plane lattice constants and depressed dielectric constants and tunabilities.


Employee performance can be traced back to the behavior of people in their working place in accordance with their role in the company. Performance assessment is carried out to provide information as a basis for decision making in an effort to improve the quality of company services. There are many factors that influence employee performance including leadership, work environment, work placement, career development, training, education, attendance, work culture and others. The study sought to establish the effect of leadership, motivation and training on employee performance in PT Surya Toto Indonesia Tbk both individually and jointly. A survey method was applied using primary data obtained from the questionnaire. Population in this study was employees of PT. Surya Toto Indonesia Tbk plant Cikupa Tangerang. Sample size was 100 employees, consisted of permanent employee and contracted employee, using Stratified Random Sampling technique. Data quality was verified using validity test and reliability test. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression, T-test, F-test, coefficient of determination, and classical assumption test.The result of multiple linear regression analysis showed that leadership, motivation and training have positive influence to employee performance in PT Surya Toto Indonesia Tbk. This is indicated by positive regression coefficient numbers. It was also found that leadership, motivation and training have a significant effect to employee performance in PT Surya Toto Indonesia Tbk. indicated by the significance number generated in each variable below 0.05 from T-test and F-test. Based on the result of the coefficient of determination, the influence of leadership, motivation, and training variables on employee performance was 44.9% while the rest (100% - 44.9% = 54.1%) was explained by other variables that were not used in this study.


5G non-public networks (NPNs) play a key role in enabling critical Industrial Internet of Things (IoT) applications in various vertical industries. Among other features, 5G NPNs enable novel operation models, where the roles and responsibilities for setting up and operating the network can be distributed among several stakeholders, i.e., among the public mobile network operators (MNOs), the industrial party who uses the 5G NPN services and 3rd parties. This results in many theoretically feasible operation models for 5G NPN, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. We investigate the resulting operation models and identify a set of nine prime models taking into account today's practical considerations. Additionally, we define a framework to qualitatively analyze the operation models and use it to evaluate and compare the identified operation models.


Connexin 26 (Cx26) and connexin 30 (Cx30) form gap junction channels that allow the intercellular diffusion of the Ca 2+ mobilizing second messenger IP 3. They also form hemichannels that release ATP from the endolymphati c surface of cochlear supporting and epithelial cells. Released ATP in tu rn activates G-protein coupled P2Y 2 and P2Y 4 receptors, PLC-dependent generation of IP 3, release of Ca 2+ from intracellular stores, permitting the regenerative propagation of intercellular Ca 2+ signals. In the course of this work, we found that cochlear non-sensory cells of the greater and lesser epithelial ridge (GER and LER, r espectively) share the same PLCand IP 3R-dependent signal transduction cascade activated b y ATP. In addition, we demonstrated that ATP-dependent Ca 2+ signaling activity in cochlear non-sensory cells is spatially graded from the apex to the base of the cochlea during the first postnatal week. Ca 2+ signaling under these conditions depends on inosit ol-1,4,5trisphosphate generation from phospholipase C (PLC) -dependent hydrolysis of PI(4,5)P(2). Thus we analyzed mice with defective e xpression of PIPKI γ and found that (i) this enzyme is essential for the acquisition of hearing; (ii) it is primarily responsible for the synthesis of the receptor-regulated PLC-sen sitive PI(4,5)P(2) pool in the cell syncytia that supports auditory hair cells and; (ii i) spatially graded impairment of the PIP2-IP3-Ca 2+ signaling pathway in cochlear non-sensory cells af fects the level of gap junction coupling. Vice versa, we found defective g ap junction coupling and intercellular IP 3-dependent Ca 2+ signaling the cochlea of mice with targeted ablati on Cx26 or Cx30, as well as in mice knock in for a poi nt mutation (Cx30T5M) associated with human congenital deafness. Altogether, our fin dings link bidirectionally defective hearing acquisition to Ca 2+ signaling impairment and decreased biochemical cou pling in the developing cochlea. Transduction of connexin deficient cochlear cultures with a bovine adeno associated virus vectors encoding Cx26 or Cx30 restored protein expression, rescued both gap junction coupling and Ca signaling. Based on this work, we conclude that in vivo connex in gene delivery to the inner ear is a route worth exploring to rescue hear ing function in mouse models of deafness and, in future, may lead to the developmen t of therapeutic interventions in humans.


At present a new system of education is introduced. This system enables people to get knowledge and a good foundation in the sciences basic to his or her field of study. Distance learning has developed over years from satellite video courses to modern videoconferencing through personal computers.


Aim: The aim of the study is to evaluate the prevalence of dental caries and dental fluorosis among the school going children in Mahabubnagar district, and also to assess F- levels in drinking water from different areas of Mahabubnagar district. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out in 2,000 children of age group 6–12 years. The dental caries status was assessed by Decayed/missed filled tooth (DMFT)/deft index using WHO criteria 1997 and dental fluorosis status using Modified Dean's fluorosis index. Alizarin visual method was used to estimate F levels in water. Statistical Analysis: All data entered to an SPSS (18) program (IBM Corporation, Chicago, USA); both descriptive and analytic approaches were used in the data analysis. The correlation of deft with different F- levels using ANOVA test. The P Results: The prevalence of dental caries in primary teeth and permanent dentition was 64.2% and 26.6%, respectively. Indicating that dental caries was more among 7–8 years old children and less in 11–12 years old children (P > 0.005). Dental fluorosis in primary dentition was 15% and 70.3% in the permanent dentition; it was more in 9–10-year-old children and less in 6-year-old children. Conclusion: The dental caries and dental fluorosis were more in Northern, Eastern region of Mahabubnagar district, whereas dental caries and dental fluorosis were less in local villages of Mahabubnagar district. The F- content in Northern, Eastern zone of Mahabubnagar district was about 2 mg/l, whereas in local villages of Mahabubnagar is 1.2 mg/l.


Over the past two decades, British West Indian slaveholders have become a prominent point of focus for historians of slavery and abolition, and this collection of letters by an Ulster-born slavehol...