Abstract The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) generated during remediation of contaminated soils in northern China during atypical site management were investigated. After collecting soil and gas samples, VOC concentrations in soil and gas particles were determined. Health risk during remediation of contaminated sites was evaluated using the National Academy of Sciences four guidelines for risk assessment; subsequently, the risk zone of each pollutant for the respiratory exposure pathways was drawn. Our results showed that restoration of VOC-contaminated sites may have serious risks for operating staff with respiratory exposure being the main route of VOC contamination. Regarding respiratory exposure pathways, the greatest noncarcinogenic toxicity was caused by 1,1,2-trichloroethane (noncarcinogenic risk 2.27 E + 03); the maximum carcinogenic toxicity was caused by 1,2-dichloroethane (carcinogenic risk 1.05 E – 01). 1,2-Dichloroethane posed the greatest noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks when exposure was via particulate matter inhalation, showing risk of 3.52 E – 04 and 2.23 E – 08, respectively. Regarding skin contact exposure pathways, carbon tetrachloride was the most significant noncarcinogenic risk (2.68 E – 07) and 1,1-dichloroethylene was associated with the maximum carcinogenic risk (4.31 E – 11). Based on the regional risk map of pollutants, higher health risk was determined at a certain distance from the excavation site of the contaminated location in the downwind.


This research is important because until now the local revenue of Kota Banda Aceh from tourism is still low, whereas there are still many tourism potentials that can still be dug for, if there is tourism activity is not lively and not festive and generally not maintained, including supporting facilities for such activities not well maintained. Many debates about tourism post disaster. During this time the disaster is considered a threat, but the facts on the ground show that many people are interested to see and enjoy the impact of the Tsunami disaster. The formulation of the problem in this research is how to arrange / facilitate the development of tourist attraction in Banda Aceh City, how to organize tourism training, how to maintain and preserve the tourist attraction in Banda Aceh City, how to organize guidance of the conscious society of tourism in Banda Aceh City, how to do promotion tour. This research uses qualitative approach. Because the researchers intend to get a picture of a profound phenomenon about a symptom. Technique of data collecting is by interview, observation and documentation study. the data source consists of primary data source and secondary data source. In conducting research of informant search done by purposive sampling technique. The informant consisted of the Head of the Tourism Office of Banda Aceh City, Secretary of Tourism Office, Kabid. Tourism, Sub-Head of Planning, Head of Marketing and Development Section, Owner of Hotel Arabia, Sub-district of Meuraxa, Public figure, Tourist owner Iboh, Hotel Owner of Tourism, Business Owner of Floating Ship Object. From the results of the research shows that the development of tourist attraction continues in galakkan by the city of Banda Aceh, the implementation of tourism training followed by the entrepreneurs and the community around the tourist attraction. Maintenance and preservation of tourist attraction in do not meet the expectations of visitors, the guidance of the community aware of tourism in greet the community is less serious, the promotion is not so vigorous and attract many tourists. From the result of the research, it can be concluded that the development of tsunami tourism area in Banda Aceh City still needs improvement and the government's attention for further development.


Organic photovoltaic cell (OPV) has emerged as a new competitor to inorganic material-based solar cells, due to its potential application in large area, printable, and flexible solar panels. In particular, OPV cells with bulk heterojunction architecture (BHJ), in which the photoactive layer consists of a bicontinuous blend of an electron donor and an electron acceptor, has allowed power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) over 8 %. Electron donor and electron acceptor materials, with ideal properties are requisite for reaching high PCE. In this chapter, the relationship between molecular structure and photovoltaic property of active layer materials will be discussed, and also the rules of molecular design of organic photovoltaic materials will be presented. Furthermore, the latest progresses of electron donors and electron acceptors, especially for conjugated polymers and the fullerene derivatives, will be introduced.


Efficacy gap is the disparity between anticipated effectiveness and real effectiveness as a result of innovation adoption. This research survey found that 94% Taiwanese enterprises adopted Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems have the efficacy gap ranging from 20% to 60%. This could be the most important reason that why other enterprises do not intend to adopt ERP system. Before investment in ERP system, enterprises seriously assess the organization's demands and the capability of available supplies. An enterprise would not adopt ERP system until the organization forms a favorable attitude toward the adoption. However, implementation of ERP system may result in efficacy gap due to unexpected factors. These factors stem from impractical expectation and incapable implementation of the system. Deriving from innovation adoption literature, a model is created to explore the factors that cause efficacy gap of ERP adoption. This model uses environment of enterprises, characteristic of enterprises, cognition of ERP attributes, and characteristics of ERP suppliers as the exploratory dimensions. With questionnaire survey and statistical analysis, the results indicate that customer expectation, enterprise size, centralization, computerization, ERP attribute, and supplier capability all influence efficacy gap in the adoption process.


The changes that are taking place in and around school have become a challenge for its functioning. The article focuses on two categories: innovation and entrepreneurship, which are analysed as crucial not only in preparing pupils to enter into adulthood, including their professional life, but also as a precondition for the renewal of school itself. When reviewing both Polish and foreign literature, some arguments are invoked that are meant to justify the position adopted by the author.


Studies analyzing the business performance of small and medium-sized enterprises are high in number and importance. Throughout the years, a vast number of variables have been introduced to explain what causes the observed difference in the business performance of small and medium-sized enterprises. However, many previous studies looked at only linear effects of such variables, while neglecting potential non-linear aspects. This study tried to fill that gap in the literature by using both linear and quadratic effects of well-established variables in the literature. By using linear regression on a sample of 245 small and medium-sized enterprises, this study reports that entrepreneurial experience has a significant quadratic effect, while gender has a significant linear effect on business performance. Based on the employed methodology and results, limitations of this study and avenues for future research were outlined.


A glassy carbon electrode,covered with a Nafion film, on which nano-structured bimetallic particles of Ag-Hg were deposited; from now on "the AgHgNpNf/GC electrode", was used for the indirect determination of cysteine, glutathione and metallothioneins by measuring the catalytic hydrogen evolution signal according to the Brdička reaction using cobalt as a catalyst. Upon successful formation and deposition of the Ag-Hg bimetallic nanoparticles cyclic voltammetry (CV), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to characterize the electrode for that specific task. The results showed the electrode to be mechanically resistant even under sonication, stable in its performance, porous, sensitive in its response and of low cost to be built. Differential pulse voltammetry signals for cysteine and glutathione obtained using the AgHgNpNf/GC electrode were qualitatively similar to those reported using a hanging mercury drop electrode, (HMDE), dropping mercury electrode (DME) and static mercury drop electrode (SMDE). Detection limits based on the variability of a blank solution, (3 s criterion) calculated for those tests were 0.463 g L−1 and 0.064 g L−1, for cysteine and glutathione, respectively. nodic stripping voltammetry Based on the Brdička procedure and considering the particular characteristics of the new electrode, some analytical tests were carried out for the indirect determination of the metallothioneins content of samples of blood serum of rats exposed to lead by measuring the evolution of the catalytic hydrogen signal. An average accuracy value around 102%, n = 6, and a precision of 0.87% ± 0.09 were obtained for these tests.


The positive solutions to a class of higher order singular boundary value problems are studied.By a proper transformation of this problem,the sufficient condition for the existence and uniqueness of positive solution to this class of singular boundary value problems was gained by using the fixed point theorems for u0 concave operators in the case that the nonlinear term satisfies some conditions.


Cancer May 16, 2018 health[Title/Abstract] OR wellness[Title/Abstract] -1447026 with English Limit AND motivational interview [Title/Abstract] OR positive psychology[Title/Abstract] OR coach*[tiab] OR coach[tiab] OR coach[tiab] OR coach/navigator[tiab] OR coach[tiab] OR coach'[tiab] OR coach's[tiab] OR coachability[tiab] OR coachable[tiab] OR coachdelivered[tiab] OR coached[tiab] OR coached/trained[tiab] OR coached'[tiab] OR coachee[tiab] OR coaches[tiab] OR coaches/case[tiab] OR coaches/facilitators[tiab] OR coaches/instructors[tiab] OR coaches/trainers[tiab] OR coaches'[tiab] OR coaching[tiab] OR coaching[tiab] OR coaching/mentoring[tiab] OR coaching/training[tiab] OR coaching'[tiab] OR coaching's[tiab] OR coachwork[tiab] --10913 with English Limit AND Cancer [Title/Abstract] OR Neoplasm [Title/Abstract] OR Carcinoma [Title/Abstract] OR Neoplastic Syndrome [Title/Abstract] OR Sarcoma [Title/Abstract] OR Tumour [Title/Abstract] OR Tumor [Title/Abstract] Malignant Tumor [Title/Abstract] OR Malignant Tumour [Title/Abstract] OR Oncology [Title/Abstract] -83730 with English Limit Limit English Language Limit 06/13/16 to 12/31/18 11 Results


The article is an ambitious and complex study of Black response to war trauma, occasioned by the tragedy of the Mendi, a troop transport sunk with great loss of life in 1917. The majority of the victims were South African Blacks on their way to the Western Front. The tragedy inspired a very powerful poetic response, which the author analyses in terms of an indigenous African modernism, and which later on prepared the ground for contemporary nationalist mythopoeia in the Republic of South Africa. Although the country was part of the British Empire in 1917, the position of the Black community was reminiscent of the nations in secondary theatres of war. The recurring presence of the tragic event in South African culture has been analysed in terms of Derrida's hauntology.


The Twitter social network has become a target platform for both promoters and stammers to disseminate their target messages. There are a large number of campaigns containing coordinated spam or promoting accounts in Twitter, which are more harmful than the traditional methods, such as email spamming. Since traditional solutions mainly check individual accounts or messages, it is an urgent task to detect spam and promoting campaigns in Twitter. In this paper, we propose a scalable framework to detect both spam and promoting campaigns. Our framework consists of three steps: firstly linking accounts who post URLs for similar purposes, secondly extracting candidate campaigns which may exist for spam or promoting purpose and finally distinguishing their intents. One salient aspect of the framework is introducing a URL-driven estimation method to measure the similarity between accounts' purposes of posting URLs, the other one is proposing multiple features to distinguish the candidate campaigns based on a machine learning method. Over a large-scale dataset from Twitter, we can extract the actual campaigns with high precision and recall and distinguish the majority of the candidate campaigns correctly.


Increased abdominal fat distribution is a risk factor for coronary artery disease, dyslipidemia, hypertension, stroke and type2 diabetes. Multiple environmental and genetic factors are thought to influence the manifestation of abdominal obesity. Intrabdom inal fat increases with age in both overweight and normal weight individuals. Men have twice as much abdominal fat as women, due to horm onal effect. Two groups of patients with abdominal obesity are at high risk for premature CAD , one with Type 2 diabetes and second, familial combined hyperlipidemia. Familial combined hyperlipidemia is characterized by metabolic syndrome in addition to disproportionat e elevation of apolipoprotien B. Individuals wit metabolic syndrome may have normal LDL levels but their LDL particles are small and dense, so current lipid lowering guidelines may underestimate their risk. Studies have shown prevalence of metabolic syndrome t o be in the range of 20-30% in developed countries. The presence of metabolic syndrome is estimated to increase the risk of CAD by 1.6 to 3 .0 fold. Individuals with combination of metabolic syndrome and diabetes have a higher prevalence of CAD (19.2%) as compared to diabetic s without metabolic syndrome (13.2%). Metabolic syndrome patients with elevated Apo B levels (> 90 th percentile for age) have Familial combined hperlipidemia and should be targeted for aggressive lipid lowering therapy. Apo B levels increase with age therefore a ge appropriate apo B levels must be used in diagnosis. Apo B level is a better predictor for future cardiovascular events than LDL cholesterol. Apo B is better predictor for CAD risk in individuals with low LDL level. In addition of Apo B measurement of non HDL cholester ol is recommended as it quantifies the atherogenic Apo B containing lipo proteins. So there is increasing requirement of aggressive l ipid lowering in patterns of metabolic syndrome. Therapy targeting LDL and Apo B are recommended. But rising of HDL is also an impo rtant target to be achieved. So the combination of lipid lowering therapy in form of statins and fibrates or niacin is recommended, o nly if lifestyle modifications are not sufficient. A word of caution is needed in administering niacin therapy in diabetes, though recent studie s have found it to be safe.


Previous studies of plant circadian clock evolution have often relied on clock models and genes defined in Arabidopsis. These studies identified homologs with seemingly conserved function, as well as frequent gene loss. In the present study, we aimed to identify candidate clock genes in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha using a more unbiased approach. To identify genes with circadian rhythm we sequenced the transcriptomes of gemmalings in a time series in constant light conditions. Subsequently, we performed functional studies using loss-of-function mutants and gene expression reporters. Among the genes displaying circadian rhythm a homolog to the transcriptional co-repressor AtDE-ETIOLATED1 showed high amplitude and morning phase. Because AtDET1 is arrhythmic and associated with the morning gene function of AtCCA1/LHY, a gene family absent in liverworts, we functionally studied DET1 in M. polymorpha. We found that the circadian rhythm of MpDET1 expression is disrupted in loss-of-function mutants of core clock genes and putative evening-complex genes. MpDET1 knock-down in turn results in altered circadian rhythm of nyctinastic thallus movement and clock gene expression. We could not detect any effect of MpDET1 knock-down on circadian response to light, suggesting that MpDET1 has a yet unknown function in the M. polymorpha circadian clock.


Contribution ratio of forestry science and technology progress is one of the key questions in forestry economics and policy. In this article, on the basis of statistic data in many yearbooks, contribution ratio of forestry science and technology progress, which is 51.17%, is measured and analyzed in Ningxia Province by Solow Equation. In addition, forestry in Ningxia gained scale effect in the period. Improvement of industrial structure and economic advancement play a role in the development of forestry. In the end, the counter measurements are proposed to improve management of forestry science and technology in the 12th Five-period.


During the construction of an underground parking garage under the Pope Palace, in Avignon, tests were carried out on blasting and earthworks control in limestone terrain, under loose soil, before and during earthworks with a view to preventing damage to buildings. The rate of oscillation at one point during vibration was measured in the various structures to be protected, and a relation was established between the rate of oscillation and blasting so as to measure the effects of the latter. It was shown that it is quite possible to efficiently control the effects of blasting on the environment. /TRRL/


The present study focused on the surface modification of aluminum 6061 by using electrical discharge coating (EDC) with powder suspension. The effects of peak current (Ip) and pulse on time (Ton) on the coating layer thickness were investigated. This study used Tungsten powder as an additive and mixed it with the kerosene oil and surfactant Span 83. The results indicated that peak current and pulse on-time significantly affected the coating layer thickness. The thinnest coating layer was observed at 3A, 150 µs, while the thickest coating layer with an average value of 17.239 µm was obtained at parameter 4A and 250 µs. In conclusion, the high value of peak current and longer pulse duration on time increased the thickness of the coating layer.


Aimed at the application of the exactitude measurement and signal analysis with lower phase noise,fine distinguish and fine spectrum purity,a method is presented to approach the fine spectrum purity signal source using direct digital synthesize(DDS) and more one phase-lock loops(PLLs).Using the technologys of direct digital synthesize,fractional-N phase-lock loop,high speed digital frequency and phase detector,lower noise loop filter,the technology of PLL signal source at lower phase noise and clutters is greatly improved.The theory diagram of this project and the result of experimentation are given.The effectiveness of the proposed method is proved via hardware.


FPGAs have advantage over ASICs such as rapid prototyping, in circuit programmability, lower NRE costs and results in more economical designs. In conventional pipelining technique, the operating frequency is increased by dividing the combinational logic into number of stages and registers are introduced between the stages. All the registers are fed with a global clock. This improves the speed of the system but at the cost of increased number of registers, area, latency, power and clock routing complexity Wave-pipelining technique is an approach which improves the speed of the circuit with less area and clock loads. A compact clock skew scheme is proposed in this paper to improve the performance of the wave pipelined circuits. The proposed technique is evaluated by implementing 4 tap FIR filters using Distributed Arithmetic Algorithm (DAA) by using 3 different schemes: non-pipelining, pipelining and wave pipelining on XILINX platform. The power, area and latency comparison between the 3 different schemes are shown. It is found that wave pipelining is best when compared to area and power .


Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae), carabeater seals (Lobodon carcinophagus), humpback (Megaptera novaeangliae), and minke whales (Balaenoptera bonaernsis) are found in the waters surrounding the Western Antarctic Peninsula. Each species relies primarily on Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) and has physiological constraints and foraging behaviors that dictate their ecological niches. Understanding the degree of ecological overlap between sympatric krill predators is critical to understanding and predicting the impacts on climate-driven changes to the Antarctic marine ecosystem. To explore ecological relationships amongst sympatric krill predators,we developed ecological nichemodels using amaximum entropy modeling approach (Maxent) that allows the integration of data collected by a variety of means (e.g. satellite-based locations and visual observations). We created spatially explicit probability distributions for the four krill predators in fall 2001 and 2002 in conjunctionwith a suite of environmental variables. We find areas within Marguerite Bay with high krill predator occurrence rates or biological hot spots. We find the modeled ecological niches for Adélie penguins and crabeater seals may be affected by their physiological needs to haul-out on substrate. Thus, their distributions may be less dictated by proximity to prey and more so by physical features that over time provide adequate access to prey. Humpback and minke whales, being fully marine and having greater energetic demands, occupy ecological niches more directly proximate to prey. We also find evidence to suggest that the amount of overlap betweenmodeledniches is relatively low, even for specieswith similar energetic requirements. In a rapidly changing and variable environment, our modeling work shows little indication that krill predators maintain similar ecological niches across years around Marguerite Bay. Given the amount of variability in the marine environment around the Antarctic Peninsula and how this affects the local abundance of prey, there may be consequences for krill predators with historically little niche overlap to increase the potential for interspecific competition for shared prey resources. & 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


We study a model with fractional quantum numbers using Monte Carlo techniques. The model is composed of bosons interacting though a ${Z}_{2}$ gauge field. We find that the system has three phases: a phase in which the bosons are confined, a fractionalized phase in which the bosons are deconfined, and a phase in which the bosons are condensed. The deconfined phase has a ``topological'' order due to the degeneracy in the ground state of the gauge field. We discuss an experimental test proposed by Senthil and Fisher that uses the topological order to determine the existence of a deconfined, fractionalized phase.


Through studied the adaptation for date of seeding,the water content of soil,soil types,millet varieties on the millet thinning out seedlings by chemical,and tested the best proportion of millet by chemical and rate of seeding under different ecological and working condition.The results showed that date of seedling,millet varieties have no influence but the water content of soil and soil types have some influence on millet thinning out seedlings by chemical controlled.For weather,soil moisture level changed year after year,the cultivation technique system has been formed that the same proportion and different rate of seeding been used in different ecological and working condition.


This study attempts to shed light upon this controversy of the value of technical analysis by providing further empirical evidence as to whether technical trading can be used profitably. The efficient market hypotheis provides a theoretical basis to test it technical trading systems might work. This thesis examines 13 technical trading systems commonly used by Malaysian analysts, fund managers and investors. The mean returns from a sample of 38 KLCI linked stocks traded in and out on a technical basis are compared with the returns from a buy-and hold strategy for a seven year period from 1996 to 2002. Three sets of transaction costs are used to test the profitability of these 13 trading systems; the first set with zero transaction cost; the second set for retail trades at 0.84 percent and the third set for online trades at 0.44 percent.


1. Benatar M, Sanders DB, Burns TM, Cutter GR, Guptill JT, Baggi F, et al. Recommendations for myasthenia gravis clinical trials. Muscle Nerve 2012;45:909–917. 2. Vickers A. The use of percentage change from baseline as an outcome in a controlled trial is statistically inefficient: a simulation study. BMC Med Res Methodol 2001;1:6. 3. Kaiser L. Adjusting for baseline: Change or percentage change? Statist Med 1989;8:1183–1190. 4. Burns TM, Conaway M, Sanders DB, MG Composite and MG-QOL15 Study Group. The MG composite: A valid and reliable outcome measure for myasthenia gravis patient care. Neurology 2010;74: 1434–1440.


Starting from the factors affecting the temperature distribution of the deep-water borehole,the energy conservation method was applied to establish a model to predict the deep-water drilling borehole on the basis of the theory and model to calculate the normal drilling borehole temperature.A comprehensive consideration was conducted of the effect of several heat sources on the drilling fluid temperature field,such as the heat production by the rock breaking by the drill bit and by the circulation friction of the drilling fluid.The result shows that the heat produced by the mechanical energy of the bit in the process of breaking rocks flew into the rocks of the formation.There appeared the transient surge of the temperature of the drilling fluid in the process of carrying cuttings at the well bottom,with a temperature fluctuation range of 2 to 4℃.The mechanical energy of the bit is a significant part in the study of the temperature of the deep-water drilling borehole.Compared with the actually measured result,the solution of the established model has the maximum error of less than 5%,which proves that the model has a high precision.


Abstract A comprehensive model for the structures of the Al-Co-Cu decagonal phase and its crystalline approximants is proposed using the results of electron and X-ray diffraction studies, high resolution electron microscopy, and scanning tunnelling microscopy. Two primary atomic clusters, pentagonal polyhedra, along with aggregates of these polyhedra form the building blocks of the structures of the decagonal phase and the approximants. The unit cell for one of the approximants consists of 990 atoms, with 63 at.% Al, and 37 at.% (Co, Cu). The possible structural variations based on the two polyhedra, either periodic or quasi-periodic, are numerous.


The chain-transfer behavior of 7-methylene-2-methyl-1,5-dithiacyclooctane was investigated in the presence of four chain-transfer agents: thiophenol (PhSH), thiobenzoic acid (BzSH), diphenyl disulfide (PhSSPh), and dibenzoyl disulfide (BzSSBz). The chain-transfer constants for these compounds at 60 degreesC were 0.38 (PhSH), 0.76 (BzSH), 0.24 (PhSSPh), and 0.05 (BzSSBz). The variations in the thiol chain-transfer constants could be explained in terms of the stability of the resulting radicals. The chain transfer to the disulfides, however, appeared to be determined by the electronic character of the disulfide bond, and this suggests that the transfer took place via an addition-fragmentation mechanism. (C) 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Too Old at 25 The need to regard ageing as a continuous process which starts soon after maturity is reached was stressed by Dr. ALASTAIR HERON (Liverpool), deputy director of the Medical Research Council Group for Research on the Occupational Aspects of Ageing. In the past too much attention had been paid to the end product of the ageing process rather than to the process itself, he said. There was little justification for the view that ageing begins at some arbitrary point such as the age of 65. There were other crucial ages, and some of us had already passed them. Muscular strength would appear to be at its maximum in the late twenties, while some signs of hearing loss were often apparent in the early forties. Similarly deterioration occurred throughout life in visual perception. These physiological changes were paralleled by changes in mental capacity. There was a slow but steady fall in the average score on standardized intelligence tests after the age of 25, while the prolongation of reaction time, in the elderly was almost certainly due to differences in the way the ageing individual coped with incoming information. Emotional differences demonstrated


[Objective] to evaluate the effects of coculture with mouse embryonic fibroblast cells on day 3 poor quality human embryos. [Methods] Half of the embryos were cocultured with mouse embryonic fibroblast cells (MEF) in the experiment group, while the others were cultured in Quins sequential medium in the control group. Blastulation rate was observed and total cell number (TCN) of blastocysts was detected. [Results] 12.3 % embryos began to form early cavities in the coculture group on day 5, and 7.4% of the embryoes were expanding on day 6 with 4.2% hatched on d 7, while in the sequential group only 4.2% reached the early cavity stage on day 5 and 1.5% were expanding on day 6, 1.5% hatched on day 7. It showed that the blastocyst development rate of the coculture group was higher than that of the sequential culture group, and embryos developed more quickly in the coculture group. In addition, blastocysts had more TCN when cocultured with MEF. The TCN of the expanding blastocysts of day 6 was 62.6±13.4, while in the non-expanding group on day 6 it was 26.1±8.9. Both of them were higher than that of embryos in the sequential culture group. [Conclusion] The effects of coculture with mouse embryonic fibroblast cells on in vitro development of day 3 poor quality human embryos are superior to that of culture in Quins sequential media.


Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) profiles of the amplified products of Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region of rDNA using four restriction enzymes (AluI, RsaI, HinfI and HhaI) revealed distinctness of Steinernema thermophilum from other two Indian isolates of Steinernema (IARI-EPN-ut1and IARI-EPN-mg1). One of the restriction enzyme, Alu I could differentiate all the three species/strains from one another. The base sequence of ITS region of ribosomal DNA of S. thermophilum exhibited maximum similarity with S. abbasi (96.95%), followed by S. ceratophorum (80.56%), S. bicornutum (80.42%) and S. riobrave (79.94%), from which it could be further differentiated by characteristic sequence of their ITS regions, including sequence lengths and composition, and differences in base characters in sequence alignment. The base sequence (1–667 bp) of S. thermophilum has been deposited in Genbank under the accession number: DQ 665651.


Future servers will be equipped with thousands of CPU cores and deep memory hierarchies. Traditional concurrency control (CC) schemes---both optimistic and pessimistic---slow down orders of magnitude in such environments for highly contended workloads. Optimistic CC (OCC) scales the best for workloads with few conflicts, but suffers from clobbered reads for high conflict workloads. Although pessimistic locking can protect reads, it floods cache-coherence backbones in deep memory hierarchies and can also cause numerous deadlock aborts.

This paper proposes a new CC scheme, mostly-optimistic concurrency control (MOCC), to address these problems. MOCC achieves orders of magnitude higher performance for dynamic workloads on modern servers. The key objective of MOCC is to avoid clobbered reads for high conflict workloads, without any centralized mechanisms or heavyweight interthread communication. To satisfy such needs, we devise a native, cancellable reader-writer spinlock and a serializable protocol that can acquire, release and re-acquire locks in any order without expensive interthread communication. For low conflict workloads, MOCC maintains OCC's high performance without taking read locks.

Our experiments with high conflict YCSB workloads on a 288-core server reveal that MOCC performs 8× and 23× faster than OCC and pessimistic locking, respectively. It achieves 17 million TPS for TPC-C and more than 110 million TPS for YCSB without conflicts, 170× faster than pessimistic methods.


Transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β)–mediated apoptosis is one of the major death processes in the liver. We have previously shown that epidermal growth factor (EGF) is an important survival signal for TGF‐β–induced apoptosis in fetal hepatocytes (Fabregat et al., FEBS Lett 1996;384:14‐18). In this work we have studied the intracellular signaling implicated in the protective effect of EGF. We show here that EGF activates p42 and p44 mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPK). However, mitogen extracellular kinase (MEK) inhibitors do not block the survival effect of EGF. EGF also activates phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI 3‐kinase) and protein kinase B (PKB/AKT) in these cells. The presence of PI 3‐kinase inhibitors blocks the protective effect of EGF on cell viability, DNA fragmentation, and caspase‐3 activity. We have found that TGF‐β disrupts the mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Δψm ) and activates the release of cytochrome c, this effect being blocked by EGF, via a PI 3‐kinase–dependent pathway. A detailed study on bcl‐2 superfamily gene expression shows that TGF‐β produces a decrease in the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels of bcl‐xL , an antiapoptotic member of this family, capable of preventing cytochrome c release. EGF is able to maintain bcl‐xL levels even in the presence of TGF‐β. PI 3‐kinase inhibitors completely block the protective effect of EGF on TGF‐β–induced bcl‐xL down‐regulation. We conclude that PI 3‐kinase mediates the survival effect of EGF on TGF‐β–induced death by acting upstream from the mitochondrial changes, i.e., preventing bcl‐xL down‐regulation, cytochrome c release, and activation of caspase‐3.


Five aspects of accessibility were examined in a large urban group practice: going to the surgery, telephone contact, making appointments, home visits and recommendations for improvements. Randomly selected patients, numbering 101, from the practice register returned a similar postal questionnaire. The study revealed that it is relatively easy to use this approach to get useful information for practice management.


The walking beam,composed of the fixed beam and moving beam,is the key component of the stepwise billet heating furnace. In the billet heating process,the moving beam moves in a rectangular way to move billets forward step by step in the furnace. The moving beam has to hold billets up and down lightly so as not to damage the moving beam and fixed beam through frequency impact. As the moving beam and over 100 billets weigh hundreds of tons,the transport system of the walking beam has a huge inertia. When holding up the billets,the moving beam undergoes step-like load mutation,resulting in a big drop of velocity and displacement,accompanied by a strong shake. Based on the analysis of the working principle and the mathematical model of the walking beam transport system,we have designed and realized fuzzy self-tuning PID control over the transport speed based on load disturbance feed-forward.Considering that load cannot be measured in engineering,we have designed a state observer for load disturbance. Simulation results show that this control method can enable the system movement to track the given velocity curve rapidly and accurately.


the relative weight of 'objective' immigrant characteristics versus social attitudes and ethnic stereotypes in shaping their social mobility in the new society. In the following chapters, Khazzoom deepens her analysis of Ashkenazi Mizrahi relations in the context of the abovementioned Westernisation project and details the case of another large ethnic sector with poorer human capital endowments: Moroccan Jews. The concluding chapter focuses on the social mobility of the second and third generations of Mizrahi Jews compared to Ashkenazi groups and attempts to explain the remaining gaps in education, prestige and income. The last chapter, entitled 'Perspectives of Ethnic Formation', examines this topic through a personal lens, by narrating Khazzoom's own family tale about her father who re-migrated from Israel to the US and built a successful career there, and his brother who remained in Israel and faced many challenges due to his ethnicity. Although this 'home ethnography' apparently contradicts the success story of the Iraqi community revealed by her previous statistical data, I see this discrepancy as further proof of the strength of combining macroand micro-level analysis in social research. Immigrant realities and trajectories are always complex and big numbers inevitably conceal considerable variability of personal stories. The fact that Khazzoom provides this rich data set to support her arguments (about one third of the book is made up of appendices of tables and figures) only makes her work more credible and useful for social researchers from various fields. I highly recommend it to students of ethnicity, immigration and Israeli society in general.


Measurement of the performance of UKM Karya Mina Putra uses more development of traditional accounting systems which only focus on the financial side. This is because financial measures can be easily done. Non-financial performance has been ignored because it is considered as something that is difficult to measure. Performance Prism performance measurement methods that provides comprehensive measurement and have a wide perspective so as to provide a realistic picture of the determinants of business success. Performance Prism not only measures the end result, but also the activities of the final outcome determinant. Thus, performance measurement can provide a clear and real picture of the actual condition of the company. Performance Prism is a performance measurement method that describes the performance of an organization as a construct of 3 (three) dimensions that has 5 (five) side fields, namely the stakeholder satisfaction, strategy, process, stakeholder capabilities and contributions. For the strategy perspective of 16 KPIs there are 2 KPI which needs to be improved. Understand the performance on the side of the process is still unsatisfactory because there are still 6 KPIs that are urgently needed to be repaired immediately. In the process perspective, achieving results is quite good. The most effective improvement is at the capability level.


Copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone-p-tert-butylphenyl methacrylate (VP-MBPh) of several compositions were prepared by polymerization in benzene at 50°C using α′α′-azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator. Three of the copolymers were fractionated. Number-average molecular weights of fractionated samples were determined by osmotic pressure in benzene or 2-propanol. Kuhn–Mark–Houwink relations were established in benzene, chloroform, and 2-propanol. From the relation between Mn and the intrinsic viscosity (η), it appears that these random copolymers behave as predicted by the theory for flexible polymers. Abnormal viscometric behavior shown by one of the copolymers in nitromethane at 29°C (the theta temperature) is discussed. The Stockmayer–Fixman semiempirical method was used for estimating unperturbed dimensions from viscosity data obtained in chloroform, a good common solvent. Values of the viscosity parameter Kθ increase with the content of p-tert-butylphenyl methacrylate. In general, experimental Kθ values are higher than those calculated for the homopolymers. Excluded-volume parameters are estimated and discussed in relation to repulsive interactions between unlike monomer units.


Not having anything better than to evoke our friend, colleague and collaborator Carina Basualdo through a text of his authorship, we propose to our readers this fragment of his book Lacan (Freud) Levi-Strauss, Chronicle of a failed encounter .


Summary form only given. An amplified pulse of a Ti:sapphire femtosecond laser was split into an intense pump and a weak probe pulse. The delay time 7 between pump and probe pulse was adjusted from 0-50 ps in steps of 10 fs. The interaction volume given by the spatial overlap of pump and probe was in the bulk of the sample. Amorphous samples of glass and different single crystals with a typical thickness of 1 mm were used. Measurements with experimental setup A showed a beam scattering according to the degenerate four wave mixing (DFWM) process with fixed scattering angle, independent of the pump pulse intensity and delay time.


The stable nitrogen isotope values (δ15N) of the essential amino acid (EAA) leucine and the δ15N values of six non-essential amino acids (NEAAs) from plankton size fractions from the South China Sea (SCS) were analysed. Data from the SCS were collected during two cruises in July 2003 and 2004 onboard of RV Nghien Cuu Bien. The δ15N values of alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and leucine increased with size at all sites. The δ15N of glycine did not increase with size, the δ15N of tyrosine increased with size only at offshore stations and the δ15N of proline increased with size only at inshore stations. We found highly significant correlations between the δ15N ratios of leucine to the δ15N ratios of glutamic acid, proline, alanine, tyrosine and aspartic acid at oligotrophic sites of enhanced nitrogen fixation. In contrast thereto these correlations were less distinct or absent at more eutrophic sites of low nitrogen fixation. A comparison with an independent data set from the tropical North Atlantic revealed intriguing similar patterns. We interpret these patterns as result of the connected metabolism of EAA and NEAA in zooplankton at sites of nitrogen limitation. †Revised version of a paper presented at the 27th Annual Meeting of the German Association for Stable Isotope Research (GASIR), 4–6, October, 2006, Freiberg, Germany.


Recently, as deep learning has been applied to various fields, deep-learning-based side-channel analysis (SCA) has been widely investigated. Unlike traditional SCA, it can perform well independently of the attacker's ability. In this paper, we propose deep-learning-based profiled and non-profiled SCA of PIPO, (Plug-In Plug-Out), which is a bitslice block cipher that can effectively apply a countermeasure for SCA. Our datasets were captured from three different boards (XMEGA128D4, MSP430F2618, STM32F303) running PIPO-64/128. For profiled SCA, the identity (ID) labeling method exhibited better performance than the most significant bit (MSB) and hamming weight (HW) labeling methods. That is, even if each bit of the S-Box output was distributed in the power traces by the bitslice implementation, the neural network trained well each bit of the S-Box output by itself. For non-profiled SCA, we proposed a novel labeling technique that considers bitslice characteristics. We compared our proposed labeling method to MSB and HW labeling by analyzing the three aforementioned datasets. For non-profiled SCA, the proposed labeling method was more effective than the MSB and HW labeling methods on all datasets.


Let ζ(s) be the Riemann zeta-function. If t ⩾ 6.8 and σ > 1/2, then it is known that the inequality |ζ(1 − s)| > |ζ(s)| is valid except at the zeros of ζ(s). Here we investigate the Lerch zeta-function L(λ, α, s) which usually has many zeros off the critical line and it is expected that these zeros are asymmetrically distributed with respect to the critical line. However, for equal parameters λ = α it is still possible to obtain a certain version of the inequality |L(λ, λ, 1−s¯\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$1 - \bar s$$\end{document})| > |L(λ, λ, s)|.


Recent evidences highlighted regulatory role of circular RNAs (circRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR). However, the literatures and number of the RNAs identified were limited. Here, we compared the expression profiles of circRNAs, lncRNAs, and mRNAs in the blood of the susceptible individuals who developed severe DR within 5 years after being diagnosed with type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM), and the inherently resistant individuals who are spared from DR despite over 20-year history of T2DM. Using RNA microarray, hundreds of significantly differently expressed circRNAs, lncRNAs, and dozens of mRNAs were identified. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction verified the above findings. Gene ontology analysis indicated that the differentially expressed circRNAs were involved in platelet-derived growth factor binding, and mRNA and the cis-target genes of lncRNA participate in negative regulation of the Wnt signaling pathway. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis suggested that the differentially expressed circRNAs were related to vitamin B6 metabolism and type 2 diabetes. The cis-target genes of lncRNAs are enriched in valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis and in the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 signaling pathway. The trans-target genes of lncRNAs are enriched in pathways such as vitamin B6 metabolism. Differentially expressed mRNAs are associated with type 2 diabetes and the vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway. Our findings demonstrate that circRNAs and lncRNAs may be involved in the regulation of DR and lay a foundation for further researches into the underlying mechanisms.


This study aims to determine the relationship between parental meta-emotion and emotion regulation on pre-school kids. In IndonesiaThe two dimensions of parental meta-emotion are emotion coaching and emotion dismissing. The independent variable in this study is emotion coaching and the dependent variable are emotion coaching and emotion dismissing. The sampling technique in this study uses purposive sampling technique with 97 mothers in Bandung City. The measuring instrument used in this study is Emotion Regulation Checklist (ERC) and Maternal Emotion Style Questionnaire (MESQ). The validity and reliability test in this study uses the Cronbach Alpha technique. The result of the validity coefficient on ERC move from 0,339 to 0,953 with reliability coefficient of a = 0,951 for liability/negativity dimension and 0,948 for emotion regulation dimension. While on MESQ move from 0,317 to 0,697 with reliability coefficient of a = 0,649 for emotion regulation dimension and 0,747 for emotion dismissing dimension. Based on data analysis, a correlation value between emotion coaching and emotion regulation is 0,139 with a significance level of 0,173 and a correlation value between emotion dismissing and emotion regulation is -0,416 with a significance level of 0,000. This shows that there is not a significant relationship between emotion coaching and emotion regulation, and also there is a significant relationship between emotion dismissing and emotion regulation on pre-school kids.


Abstract In this article, we present the employment of a proper set of artificial magnetic inclusions to dramatically reduce the back-lobe of patch antennas. The layout consists of a regular microstrip antenna surrounded by split-ring resonators (SRRs). These artificial magnetic inclusions are designed in order to resonate at the antenna operating frequency so that the surface waves are blocked and the front-to-back ratio of the antenna is increased. A numerical investigation of the near-zone magnetic field is conducted in order to propose a suitable arrangement of the SRRs around the antenna, aimed to obtain an effective 2D-isotropic suppression of the surface waves. Since inclusions located at the periphery of the structure resonate at a higher frequency, multiple split-ring resonators (MSRRs) are also used in order to reduce the resonant frequency of the peripheral inclusions. Finally, full-wave numerical simulations confirming the effectiveness of the proposed design and showing how the resonating artificial magnetic inclusions surrounding the antenna effectively suppress the back-lobe are presented.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the value of MR diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in evaluating the efficacy of treatment of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE).

METHODS
Twenty-five HCC patients, 19 males and 6 females, aged 54, underwent TACE. Conventional T1WI, T2WI, and DWI and dynamic enhanced MRI were conducted before the first TACE and after every TACE procedure for 4-6 weeks. The differences in the mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value of the remaining tumor, coagulation tumor necrotic tissue, and post-operative recurrent tumor tissue were compared and analyzed.

RESULTS
When the b value was 1000 s/mm(2), the ADC values of the liver tissue, tumor tissue before first TACE, remaining tumor, coagulation tumor necrotic tissue, and post-operative recurrent tumor were 1.25 +/- 0.07, 1.02 +/- 0.19, 1.06 +/- 0.14, 1.68 +/- 0.32, and 1.28 +/- 0.07 mmxs(-1)x10(-3) respectively. The ADC value of the coagulation tumor necrotic tissue was significantly higher than those of the other tissues (F = 23.25, P < 0 05). The ADC values of the tumor tissue before the first TACE was the lowest, and the ADC value of the post-operative recurrent tumor was significantly higher than that of the tumor tissue before the first TACE (P < 0.05). The ADC value of the remaining tumor tissue was between that of the post-operative recurrent tumor and that of the tumor tissue before the first TACE, however, without significant differences among them.

CONCLUSION
This study is the first relatively long-term follow-up study of the value of TACE in HCC treatment with DWI. DWI can differentiate the remaining tumor, necrosis of tumor, and recurrence of tumor in HCC after TACE. It helps provide valuable imaging information for treatment and follow-up of the HCC patients.


Education 4.0 is a phenomenon that arises due to the response to the needs of the industrial revolution 4.0. Education 4.0 has a great goal on the progress of learning and developing abilities for students specifically in terms of creativity, communication, collaboration, and problem-solving skills. Circle time is one of the innovations made by teachers in developing learning systems to support the achievement of educational goals in the 4.0 eras. The purpose of this study are to see and measure the improvement of the use circle time method in developing student learning and ability. The research method used is qualitative with a phenomenological approach. The study was conducted at Ngumplik Ngaglik State Elementary School Sleman Yogyakarta. The results of using circle time in learning are; (1) an increase in the percentage of students who can think critically and be able to make a problem solving, (2) an increase in the percentage of students who can think creatively and innovate, (3) increase in the number of students who can communicate well during learning, (4) increasing percentage of students who want to collaborate and cooperate during learning activities. This achievement is in line with efforts to achieve educational goals in the 4.0 eras.


Power distribution equipment is the backbone of any industrial process infrastructure. Safety and reliability are the two most important criteria in the proper functioning of the power distribution system. Low-voltage switchgear (LVS) is an important part of power distribution. Minimizing arc faults in the switchgear is a matter of utmost concern to maintain a safe environment. Arc-resistant LVS is designed to provide an additional degree of protection for operating personnel performing normal duties near the equipment. In this article, we report a series of arc-flash simulations performed on an arc-resistant LVS in both bare bus (noninsulated) and insulated or isolated bus configurations. In all simulations, the insulated or isolated bus had a significantly shorter arc duration and lower energy emissions.


patient: a challenge for the clinician. Clin. Nephrol. 2014; 81: 381–388. 3. Helms E, Servilla KS, Hartshorne MF, Harris A, Nichols MJ, Tzamaloukas AH. Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome: use of gallium scintigraphy in its diagnosis and treatment. Int. Urol. Nephrol. 2005; 37: 119–122. 4. Matsumura M, Mizuno Y, Okamoto M et al. Long-term complete remission of multiple extranodal natural killer/T-cell-type posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder after surgical resection: a case report. Transplant. Proc. 2014; 46: 2373–2376. 5. Saeki T, Nishi S, Ito T et al. Renal lesions in IgG4-related systemic disease. Intern. Med. 2007; 46: 1365–1371.


Porous scaffolds of polylactic acid-polyethylene glycol block copolymers (PLA-PEG) biocomposite were fabricated by solvent casting-particulate leaching method using sodium chloride as the porogen. With the aim of evaluating the influence of porosity on mechanical properties and biocompatibility, three specimens of scaffolds which have different porosity (around 50%, 60%, 70%) were fabricated. Murine fibroblast grew cells (L929) were seeded into PLA-PEG porous biocomposite scaffolds. The tetrazolium salt 3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT), scanning electron microscopy and confocal microscopy were carried out to characterize cell proliferation and morphology. The composite scaffolds with the porosity of 50% possessed better mechanical properties. All scaffolds support attachment, spreading and proliferation of L929, and the biocompatibility of scaffolds could be improved by increasing the porosity. The fabricated PLA-PEG porous biocomposite scaffolds with good mechanical properties and biocompatibility might be used in bone tissue engineering.


Experimental data on the probe-particle local velocity measured by laser interferometer in air gap of a negative pin-to-plane corona are presented. Small water droplets like mist were used as the probe particles, which can be charged by the corona. Experimental data are complemented with numerical calculations, allowing us to evaluate the drift velocity of the charged droplets and determine therefore a real local velocity of the ionic wind induced by the collisions of negative ions with the neutrals. It is shown the charging of probe particles impacts strongly on their total local velocity. To agree a calculated local velocity of the charged particle with the measured one, the discharging processes were introduced. It is assumed that the discharging processes occur due to emission of electrons from surface of the charged droplets. Proposed mechanism of the secondary emission is associated with the recombination of H atoms and OH radicals on the surface of the charged droplet.


Most international organizations, particularly multinational companies, have to deal with two cultures: the culture of the country of origin and that of the country where subsidiaries are located. The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (Iter) project in Cadarache, France, requires the collaboration of individuals representing more than 30 different cultures at the same site. Consequently, Iter is considered not only a unique scientific project, but also an exceptional intercultural undertaking. Could some of the policies at Iter be reproduced elsewhere? Information collected over three years reflects the institutional contexts that favor or constrain these policies and allows for a comparison of Iter's intercultural management policies with those of other international organizations. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


A number of residents have contacted us highlighting issues in the area about commuter parking displacement on the south side of Pope's Lane as a result we are on consulting on the issue.


(75) Inventors: John L. Schadler, Raymond, ME (US); Publication Classification Keith L. Pelletier, New Gloucester, ME (US) (51) Int. Cl. ................................................... H01O 1/12 (52) U.S. Cl. .............................................................. 343/893 Correspondence Address: BAKER & HOSTETLER LLP (57) ABSTRACT Washington Square Suite 1100 A System for increasing isolation between analog and digital 1050 Connecticut Avenue, N.W. antennas Suited for FM IBOC operations is provided, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 (US) wherein an interleaved combination of dissimilar antennas are arrayed with an offset there between to obtain a desired (73) Assignee: SPX Corporation performance the use of dissimilar antennas and an offset, Several additional degrees of freedom are afforded to the (21) Appl. No.: 10/900,371 broadcaster in obtaining the desired isolation between Sig nals, and also for upgrading an existing analog System to (22) Filed: Jul. 28, 2004 IBOC capability.


The fuel delivery injector for (57) Abstract: engine forms part of the device 10. The fuel delivery injector includes first and second portions 31 and 32. The first portion has a delivery port 37, delivery port, a valve seat 61 is defined between the valve member 63. The first in the site provided starting member 87, is connected to the valve member. The second inside part starting means 85 are provided. When the first and second portions are connected, the starting assembly 83 is obtained. Starting assembly includes an electromagnetic means. The connection between the first and second portions, the assembly of the electromagnetic means is completed. The combination of the fuel injection means and the ignition means, the primary electrode 58 is provided. The primary electrode defines a spark gap 60 in cooperation with the secondary electrode 57. The primary electrode guides the spraying on the fuel spray ejected from the delivery port.


A very picky eater, Gregory the goat refuses the usual goat diet staples of shoes and tincans in favor of fruits, vegetables, eggs, and orange juice.


Abstract : The basic movement-conditions were altered so that the individuals were required to move along a line lying in the horizontal plane but perpendicular to the frontal plane of the body, i.e., toward and away from the front of the body along a horizontal surface. The major experimental variables were length of movement (2.5, 10, and 40 cm.) and direction of movement (inward and outward). (Author)


Take Steps to Prevent DVTs and PEs Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism are serious conditions that can affect people of any age or race. Fortunately, there are steps you can take to prevent them. The information in this material is meant to help you understand deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, how they are diagnosed and treated, and how you can help prevent them. If you have questions, talk with a member of your health care team.


This paper applies pattern recognition methods to airborne lidar waveform decomposition. The parametric and nonparametric approaches are compared in the experiments. The popular Gaussian mixture model (GMM) and expectation-maximization (EM) decomposition algorithm are selected as the parametric approach. Nonparametric mixture model (NMM) and fuzzy mean-shift (FMS) are used as the nonparametric approach. We first run our experiment on simulated waveforms. The experiment setup is in favor of the parametric approach because GMM is used to generate the waveforms. We show that both parametric and nonparametric approaches return satisfying results on the simulated mixture of Gaussian components. In the second experiment, real data acquired with an airborne lidar are used. We find that NMM fits the data better than GMM because the Gaussian assumption is not well satisfied in the real dataset. Considering that the emitted signals of a laser scanner may even not satisfy the Gaussian assumption, we conclude that nonparametric approaches should generally be utilized for practical applications.


Background Evapotranspiration (ET) is the total amount of water released by a crop or pasture canopy in the form of Transpiration (T) and Evaporation (E). ET accounts for up to 96% of the water loss depending on the types of vegetation cover and climatic conditions (Wilcox et al., 2003). Transpiration is related to the productivity of crops and pasture; whereas, evaporation is the loss of water directly from soil surface. Estimating separately the components of ET in the field is challenging yet it is highly significant in terms of improving crop water use and irrigation efficiency, since a anywhere between 30 and 80% of the water flux can be associated with the allimportant evaporation component (Wilcox et al., 2003). Sap flow monitoring, using micro-lysimeters or isotopic analysis are the usual options for separately measuring transpiration and evaporation in plants but these are incompatible with in-situ field deployment. In this study a portable and convenient method for separately determining the evapotranspiration components has been developed. When coupled with widely-used active optical sensors, the device can be used to develop, in-situ, relationships between spectro-optical indices such as NDVI and evapotranspiration coefficients (Kc, Kcb and Ke) that characterize actual ET water loss relative to evaporative demand.


When using gob-side entry retaining on the condition of hard roof,roadside support deforms and destroys easily because the length of hanging roof is large,the roof hangs long,and the stress exerted on roadside support is large.Mechanical model for gob-side entry on the condition of hard roof was built,and stress distribution of roadside support and deformation of surrounding rocks during different movement stages were simulated.Results show that in the early movement stage,in order to release some roof stress,roadside support should have larger yieldable capacity which allows roof to have certain subsidence under the premise that the support is not destroyed severely.In the later movement stage,roadside support should have greater strength to resist the weight of hard roof and cut roof.Based on this mechanism,unequal strength support body which is combined by soft material on the top and hard material in the bottom is put forward,and the field practice demonstrates that gob-side entry retaining technology on the condition of hard roof can be better achieved by using unequal strength support body.


Lambert‐Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) is an autoimmune disease that is characterized by impaired transmission across the neuromuscular junction due to autoantibodies directed against the presynaptic voltage‐gated calcium channels (VGCC‐ab). Clinical symptoms are usually characterized by proximal muscle weakness and mild dysautonomia. In some patients there are signs of cerebellar dysfunction as well, usually associated with cancer. Here we report the long‐term follow‐up of a patient with VGCC‐ab‐positive LEMS and a severe cerebellar syndrome but without evidence of cancer over 5 years. While conventional immunosuppressive therapy (steroids, azathioprine) failed, he improved with plasma exchange and consecutive treatment with rituximab. Muscle Nerve 40: 305–308, 2009


For the single-item capacitated lot-sizing problem with linear costs and no backlogging, we suggest a straightforward time algorithm, which does not need a polymatroid or min-cost flow problem reformulation.


The performance properties of microbes CJF-002 for MEOR and their uses in low temperature(30℃) Fuyu oil field,Jilin,were presented.Microbes CJF-002 were of Enterobacter spp,could grow at temperatures 15—37℃ and pH 5.4—9.0 with the most favorable growth conditions of 30℃ and pH 6.5—7.5.In a molasses culture medium,CJF-002 produced 50—70 μg polysaccharides per mL in 24 hrs and the polysaccharides production was higher under anaerobic conditions.CJF-002 possessed strong competitive ability with indigeneous reservoir bacteria.The injectivity of the bacterial culture was good as shown by the distribution of CJF-002 and the produced polysaccharides along injection stream in artificial cores.In an injecting experiment on paralell double cores and a simulation micromodel oil displacing experiment,the plugging of water passages,the viscosifying of injected water,and the enhancementof oil recovery by the polysaccharides produced by CJF-002 were demonstated or evidenced.Totally six MEOR projects using microbes CJF-002 were conducted in the east district of Fuyu.The satisfactory field results of MEOR project in the experimental area E12-3,covering 3 injection and 21 production wells,conducted in 2007 were presented in 3 tables:the changes in water injectivity profile for one well;productivity profile for one well;and reservoir physical characteristics and sweeping volume for 7 production wells obtained by interwell tracering analysis meanwhile the data of composition and properties of crude oil recovered from 5 wells expressing significant drop down of asphaltene/resin content,pour point depression,and density raise were presented and explained as a result of enlargement of sweeping zones.


Objective To investigate the acute effects of single DFPP treatment for non-familial refractory hyperlipidemia. Methods Twenty non-familial refractory hyperlipidemia patients had taken DFPP therapy. Fcurteen of them either had both hypercholesterolemia (totol cholesterol ≥ 6.8mmol/L) and high level of LDL (LDL ≥ 3.1mmol/L) or had both hypertriglyceridemia (triglyceride≥2mmol/l) and high level of LDL. Blood samples were collected from the patients and the serum level of total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein (LDL), Apolipoprotein A (Apo-A), Apolipoprotein B (Apo-B), Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) and fibrinogen were tested just before and after the treatment. Eleven patients had complete recordings. Results The average age of the 11 patients was 45.25±8.33 years old. Total substitute volume was 4183±667 (3000~5000)ml. After treatments there were significant reduction of TC, LDL, Apo(A), Apo(B), Lp(a),HDL and fibrinogen. Those parameters were decreased, from (6.86±1.17)mmol/L to (3.42±0.63)mmol/L, (3.92±2.13)mmol/L to (3.57±1.82)mmol/L, (4.03±0.86)mmol/L to (1.13±0.66)mmol/L, (1.34 ± 0.37)g/L to (0.85 ± 0.30)g/L、 (1.34 ± 0.57)g/L to (0.70±0.34)g/L,(176.14±75.53)mg/L to (98.43±44.08)mg/L, (1.03±0.28)mmol/L to (0.68±0.22)mmol/L, (263.6±86.49)mg/dl to (154.88±44.12)mg/dl (P0.05, P0.01) respectively。After each treatment the acute reduction in TC, TG, LDL, Apo(A), Apo(B) and fibrinogen was 51%, 72%, 32%, 44%, 40% and 43% respectively. There was no obvious side effect during each therapy. Conclusion DFPP can significantly ameliorate the disorders of lipid metabolism. Patients' serum lipids can be reduced into normal range after single treatment, contributing to reducing the drug dosage and side effects. [


Human failure under low power and shutdown mode in the nuclear power plant is one of the important risk sources need to be analyzed. Referring to the characteristics of the human failure events, and through the comparison of 5 human reliability analysis methods, SPAR-H model is selected as an appropriate method for quantitative human reliability analysis. Taking the over draining event as the example, 3 human failure events involved are quantitatively analyzed with the SPAR-H model. Results show that SPAR-H model is appropriate to be used in this case and complies well with the characteristics of human failure events in this mode. Also, the SPAR-H process is rather simple and easy to be used by the plant staff.


Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms governing axon guidance and synaptogenesis is a central issue in developmental neurobiology. The Drosophila embryonic central nervous system, with its simplicity and genetic accessibility, is an ideal model system to examine these problems.

One signaling mechanism by which growth cones respond to guidance factors is the control of tyrosine phosphorylation. Genetic studies in Drosophila have shown that neural receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs) are important regulators of motor axon guidance decisions. Chapters 2 and 3 of this thesis describe genetic studies of the RPTP gene DPTP10D. Removing DPTP1OD and DPTP69D causes axon pathfinding errors at the midline and within the longitudinal tracts. These RPTPs genetically interact with genes involved in repulsion from the midline, including Slit, Roundabout and Commissureless. Slit is a midline repulsive signal, while Roundabout is the receptor for Slit. The phosphatases are likely to be components of signaling pathways downstream of Roundabout. DPTP10D is also involved in growth cone guidance decisions in the embryonic neuromuscular system. Phenotypic analyses of RPTP mutant combinations show that DPTPlOD works together with other RPTPs to promote bifurcation of the SNa nerve and allow the ISNb nerve to separate from the common ISN pathway. DPTPlOD, however, has a competitive relationship with the other RPTPs in controlling growth of the ISM These results show that the functional relationships among the four neural RPTPs are complex. At individual choice points, RPTPs can have cooperative, collaborative, or antagonistic functions in controlling guidance.

In Chapter 4, I describe an overexpression/misexpression P element screen for new genes involved in axon guidance. This screen allows identification and rapid cloning of genes that cause axon guidance defects when they are overexpressed in all neurons or all muscle fibers. One known axon guidance gene and several novel genes have already been identified in this screen, indicating that it may provide a powerful method to identify new genes that regulate axon guidance and synaptogenesis.

There are also three Appendices in the thesis. Two of these are reviews that I coauthored. The third Appendix describes a genetic analysis of the RPTP substrate protein gp150.


Migration of people from HCV endemic countries is a public health issue for the French healthcare system. The PRECAVIR study focused on migrant patients and provides a multidisciplinary, patient‐centred approach to treat chronic HCV‐infected migrants through a systematic screening programme. Between 2007 and 2017, 101 (2.98%) out of 3386 consecutive adult migrants attending two primary healthcare settings in Créteil, France, tested positive for HCV. The median age was 44.5 years old, and 55% were women. Patients were mainly from sub‐Saharan Africa, Eastern Europe and Asia. Seventy‐four patients were undocumented migrants, and 25 were asylum seekers. Eighty‐four (83%) patients were unaware of their serological status. All patients were offered referral to a specialist in the same setting. HCV RNA testing was performed in 88 (87%) of the patients who tested anti‐HCV positive. Forty‐nine (57%) were chronically infected, while 39 (43%) had an undetectable viral load. All patients were treatment‐naïve. More than half of patients had access to treatment. Before 2014, thirteen patients were treated with pegylated interferon and ribavirin, and an SVR was achieved in 8 (61.5%) of them. By 2017, 17 patients had begun oral, direct‐acting antiviral treatment. An SVR was achieved in 16 of 17 patients (93%). However, all patients not initially eligible for treatment were lost to follow‐up.


Conventional adder adding the required number of signed operands into the form of complement operations,and return a result in signed magnitude number.This paper proposes a new structure one's complement Signed Adder(SA) based on the flagged prefix adder,which could combine the increment unit with the adder,to reduce the delay of the signed adder.A 64-bits enhanced SA has been implemented in SMIC 180nm CMOS technology.Compared with previous work,the area,power,and delay of our design are decreased by 39.1%,39.9%,and 5.1%,respectively.Results show that this structure is superior to two's complement adder.


The difference between the use of the arithmetic and geometric means for estimation of average stump diameter, stump cross-sectional area and estimated tree volume was investigated using measurements from 739 stumps from an Appalachian hardwood stand located in central West Virginia. Although average stump diameter, cross-sectional area, and tree volumes were statistically different between estimates based on the arithmetic and geometric mean diameter, these differences were of little practical significance. The difference in average stem diameter, cross-sectional area, tree cubic volume, and board foot volume were 0.05 in, 0.01 ft 2 , 0.45 ft 3 , and 2.41 bd ft, respectively.


For a perfect field \kappa of characteristic p>0, a positive ingeger N not divisible by p, and an arbitrary subgroup \Gamma of GL_2(Z/NZ), we prove (with mild additional hypotheses when p\le 3) that the U-operator on the space M_k(\Gamma/\kappa) of (Katz) modular forms for \Gamma over \kappa induces a surjection U:M_{k}(\Gamma/\kappa)\rightarrow M_{k'}(\Gamma/\kappa) for all k\ge p+2, where k'=(k-k_0)/p + k_0 with 2\le k_0\le p+1 the unique integer congruent to k modulo p. When \kappa=F_p, p\ge 5, N\neq 2,3, and \Gamma is the subgroup of upper-triangular or upper-triangular unipotent matrices, this recovers a recent result of Dewar.


The chemical reaction between nitric acid and sodium chloride was investigated in onder to provide preliminary information for subsequent studies on the interaction between simulated Purex waste solution and salt. The reaction is characterized by the production of chlorine and nitrosyl chloride and can be considered to be the same as the aqua regia reaction. Within the limits of the conditions imposed by the projected field studies, the acid concentration and temperature are the two parameters which control the extent of the interaction. (auth)


Purpose—To describe the prevalence and pattern of dyslipidemia in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods—391 children aged 1–16 yrs underwent measurement of serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). GFR by plasma disappearance of iohexol and urine protein/creatinine ratio (Up/c) were concomitantly measured. Multivariate analysis adjusted for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), GFR, and Up/c. Results—The median GFR and age were 43 ml/min/1.73m2 and 12 years. Proteinuria was nephrotic range (Up/c > 2) in 12% and BMI exceeded the 95th percentile in 15%. 32% of the cohort had TG > 130 mg/dL. 21% had HDL-C < 40 mg/dl, and 16% had non-HDL-C > 160 mg/dL. Lower GFR was associated with higher TG, lower HDL-C and higher non-HDL-C. Overall, 45% of the cohort had dyslipidemia, defined as one or more abnormal lipid measure; 45% of those had combined dyslipidemia. Nephrotic range proteinuria was associated with dyslipidemia and combined dyslipidemia to an equal and large degree: odds ratio (OR) of 4.16 (95% CI: 1.96, 8.79). Compared to children with GFR > 50 ml/min/1.73m2, children with GFR < 30 ml/min/1.73m2 had an OR of 2.9 (95% CI: 1.47, 5.70) for any dyslipidemia and an OR of 8.58 (95% CI: 3.70, 19.88) for combined dyslipidemia. Conclusions—Among children with moderate CKD, dyslipidemia is common and is associated with lower GFR, nephrotic proteinuria, and non-renal factors including age and obesity. Corresponding Author: Jeffrey M. Saland, M.D., Department of Pediatrics, Box 1664, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, Tel: 212-241-6187, Fax: 212-426-1972, firstname.lastname@example.com. Disclosure: None of the authors' have relationships with companies that may have a financial interest in the information contained in the manuscript. Preliminary results of this study were presented as a poster at the 2008 annual meeting of the American Society of Nephrology/World Congress of Nephrology in Philadelphia PA. NIH Public Access Author Manuscript Kidney Int. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2011 November 22. Published in final edited form as: Kidney Int. 2010 December ; 78(11): 1154–1163. doi:10.1038/ki.2010.311. N IH PA Athor M anscript N IH PA Athor M anscript N IH PA Athor M anscript Introduction Individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) suffer an exceptionally high burden of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD).(1) Dyslipidemia, a known risk factor for atherosclerosis, is frequent among both adults and children with CKD.(2, 3) In addition, there is evidence to suggest that dyslipidemia contributes to the initiation and progression of CKD itself.(4–9) While CKD patients are commonly burdened with multiple cardiovascular risk factors, dyslipidemia is an important focus of clinical CKD research since it is both highly prevalent and a potentially modifiable exposure. Accelerated atherosclerosis in children with CKD is likely. Within the general population, atherosclerosis begins during childhood and dyslipidemia is a risk factor for its development.(10–12) Young adult survivors of childhood end-stage renal disease (ESRD) experience an extremely high rate of premature mortality due to ASCVD, their principal cause of death.(13–16) However, compared to the adult population, data about dyslipidemia in children with CKD remain scarce. The primary aim of this cross-sectional investigation was to describe the prevalence and pattern of dyslipidemia in children with moderate CKD using data collected on participants in the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) Study. We also aimed to identify clinical and laboratory factors associated with dyslipidemia in children with CKD. Results As of May 2009, 574 children had completed a baseline study visit in CKiD. A subset of 427 children with known age, sex, race and CKD diagnosis had complete lipid and GFR. After excluding 11 children currently taking lipid lowering medication and 25 children known not to be fasting, 391 children remained for analysis. In 29% (n=112) of this group, fasting status was not recorded while the remainder (71%, n=279) of the children were confirmed to be fasting. Of all GFR measures, 94% (n=368) were direct (iGFR) by plasma iohexol disappearance. Characteristics of the study population are shown in Table 1, including overall lipid measures. In general, the population had a slight male predominance, was mostly Caucasian, and was skewed toward overweight. A significant minority (31%) had moderate or nephrotic range proteinuria. Triglycerides Figure 1a shows the relationship between TG levels and GFR. Univariately, log(TG) and GFR displayed a linear relationship with TG levels increasing on average 8% (95% CI: 5%, 11%) for every 10 ml/min/1.73m2 decrease in GFR (Table 2a).While a relationship was suggested between elevated TG and subnephrotic proteinuria, this was clearer in subjects with nephrotic range proteinuria, who displayed TG levels on average 55% higher (95% CI: 32, 84) than those with normal Up/c. The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia in children with nephrotic range proteinuria was 61%, as compared to 21%, 30% and 24% in children with normal, mild, and moderate proteinuria, respectively. After multivariate adjustment, higher TG levels continued to be associated with increased age, decreased GFR, proteinuria, and being either overweight or obese (Table 2a). Children who were overweight or obese, or had nephrotic proteinuria had TG levels on average 30% higher than those of children with normal weight and normal Up/c, a magnitude of association greater than that for a 30 ml/min/1.73m2 decrease in GFR (23%, not shown in table). Higher TG levels were associated with mild proteinuria (18% increase in TG) and Saland et al. Page 2 Kidney Int. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2011 November 22. N IH PA Athor M anscript N IH PA Athor M anscript N IH PA Athor M anscript nephrotic proteinuria (34% increase in TG), but not with moderate proteinuria (3% increase in TG). Restricting analysis to the n=279 children who self-reported overnight fasting did not qualitatively change the reported associations. Cholesterol The cohort demonstrated modest hypercholesterolemia: 21% of the cohort had total cholesterol (TC) greater than 200 mg/dL; 21% had HDL-C less than 40 mg/dL, and 16% had non-HDL-C greater than 160 mg/dL. HDL-C Analysis—As shown in Figure 1b, a linear relationship was observed between log(HDL-C) and GFR. After multivariate adjustment, lower HDL-C levels were associated with increased age, decreased GFR, mild proteinuria, and obesity (Table 2b). In general, the magnitudes of association were smaller between HDL-C and the set of modeled risk factors than those observed with TG. Each 10 ml/min/1.73 m2 decrease of GFR was associated with a 3% decrease in HDL-C (95% CI: −4%, −1%). Compared to those children without proteinuria, HDL-C levels were 7% lower (95% CI −13%, −2%) in children with mild proteinuria, while children with moderate or nephrotic range proteinuria showed no decrease in HDL-C levels. Obese children had average HDL-C levels 14% (95% CI: −20%, −8%) lower than those neither overweight nor obese. Non-HDL-C and TC Analysis—There was a borderline statistically significant and quantitatively smallassociation between higher non-HDL-C and lower GFR (Figure 1c). After multivariate adjustment, for each 10 ml/min/1.73 m2 lower GFR, non-HDL-C was approximately 2% greater (95% CI: 0%, 3%) as shown in (Table 2c). No relationship was observed between TC and GFR (not shown). In contrast, compared to normal Up/c, nephrotic range proteinuria was associated with a 31% (95% CI: 18%, 44%) increase in nonHDL-C and a 23% (95% CI: 14%, 32%) increase in TC (not shown). Dyslipidemic Profiles One third (32%) of children had elevated TG, while 21% had low HDL-C and 16% had high non-HDL-C. Of the 45% with dyslipidemia, 45% displayed combined (multiple-marker) dyslipidemia, defined as the presence of 2 or more lipid abnormalities, as shown in Table 3. (17, 18) While both low HDL-C and high non-HDL-C were univariately associated with hypertriglyceremia (Chi-square p-value<0.01 for both), the joint bivariate distribution of the two abnormal cholesterol markers did not differ by hypertriglyeremia status (p=0.16 by Breslow-Day Test for homogeneity of odds ratios) suggesting that neither abnormal cholesterol marker was more likely to be associated with hypertriglyeremia than the other. Analysis of the prevalence of dyslipidemia profiles is presented in Figures 2a, 2b and Table 4. As shown in Figure 2a, lower levels of GFR were associated not only with an increased prevalence of dyslipidemia as defined by the presence of at least one abnormal lipid measure, but also with an increased prevalence of combined dyslipidemia (multiple abnormal lipid measures) (p<0.01 for differences in the distribution of number of dyslipidemia markers by GFR category based on Chi-Square Test of Association for an R x C contingency table). Similarly, increased prevalence of dyslipidemia and combined dyslipidemia was also seen with increasing levels of proteinuria (Figure 2b; p<0.01 for differences in the distribution of number of dyslipidemia markers by level of proteinuria based on Chi-Square Test of Association for an R x C contingency table). The results of the multivariate PPOM estimating associations between the prevalence of dyslipidemic measure and GFR, proteinuria, age, sex and BMI are displayed in Table 4. The adjusted relative odds of having combined dyslipidemia (≥2 vs. <2 lipid abnormalities) for Saland et al. Page 3 Kidney Int. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2011 November 22. N IH PA Athor M anscript N IH PA Athor M anscript N IH PA Athor M anscript different levels of proteinuria, increasing age and female sex, respectively, were similar to those for having any level of dyslipidemia (≥1 vs. 0 lipid abnormalities) and were therefore modeled using a single estimate (i


Gentiopicroside,a secoiridoid glycoside,is one of the main pharmacological compounds of traditional Chinese medicine Gentiana.In this study,two Gentiana macrophylla HMGR genes were cloned based on our laboratory′s high-throughput sequencing,and bioinformatics analysis was carried out.The results showed that two HMGR genes both contain the completed ORF,and their encoded proteins with two transmembrane domains and four HMGR protein-specific conserved active sites,high consistency with the other plant in HMGR protein sequences and high structure,but GmHMGR1 and GmHMGR2 locate respectively in the cell plasma membrane and mitochondria,Quantitative PCR analysis showed that GmHMGR1 has high expression levels in the roots and flowers in G.macrophylla,while GmHMGR2 mainly expresses in leaves.


Shaykh Burhanuddin is one of the great famous ulama from West Sumatra, who has developed Islam teachings through the Tariqa Shattariyya which spread until Medan City. Shaykh Burhanuddin developed his thinking through education at the surau. The students who studied at the Surau Shattariyyah opened to learn a whole series of Islamic knowledge. The people of Minangkabau know and practice wisdom. They are not limited to Minangkabau people in West Sumatra. Minangkabau people outside West Sumatra still regard Shaykh Burhanuddin as wali Allah and a great ulama. Shaykh Burhanuddin's teachings are continuesly developed by his students until they stay in Medan. The purpose of this research was to know the background of sufism thought by Shaykh Burhanuddin, to know the process of the Shaykh Burhanuddin's sufism thought development into Medan, and to find out why Minangkabau people in Medan follow the teachings of Shaykh Burhanuddin. This research used a descriptive qualitative approach classified to the field research to see how far the development of sufism thought Shaykh Burhanuddin among Minangkabau people in Medan. From this study, it can be concluded that the patterns of thinking influenced the background of Shaykh Burhanuddin's sufism thought was brought by the previous teacher Ahmad al-Qushashi as well as Shaykh Burhanuddin's teachers, Shaykh 'Abd al-Rauf. The idea of Shaykh Burhanuddin sufism is the three main pillars that reconcile shari'a, and sufism developed by his teacher Shaykh 'Abd al-Rauf, namely the divinity and its relationship with nature, insan al-kamil and the tarekat. In the ideas development of sufism by Shaykh Burhanuddin in Medan city, initially through the Labai and Tuangku from Ulakan, and then due to the increase and spread of Minangkabau community in several districts in Medan. The Minangkabau community in Medan mostly follow the teachings practice of Shaykh Burhanuddin. All forms of the religious pratices are sufism 'amali activities. Sufism 'amali is sufism which emphasizes amaliyah (act) such as wirid, dhikr, and other worship.


13C and 195Pt-NMR. parameters for the complexes trans-[PtCl2(C5H10N)-(CH3CHCHCH3)] are presented. It is suggested that conclusions, concerning metal olefin bond strengths, drawn from NMR. studies of nuclei not directly involved in the bonding can be misleading.


The effects of casting solution composition and evaporation period on the performance of resulting porous cellulose acetate membranes have been studied, and the results are discussed in terms of casting solution structure, solvent evaporation rate during film formation, and the film shrinkage temperature profile. The development of Batch 316-type porous cellulose acetate membranes is reported. At 90% level of solute separation and feed flow conditions corresponding to a mass transfer coefficient of 45 × 10−4 cm/sec, the productivities of the above membranes are 21.5 gallons/day/ft2 at 250 psig using 3500 ppm of NaCl in the feed, and 53.9 gallons/day/ft2 at 600 psig using 5000 ppm of NaCl in the feed.


In article psihologo-pedagogical preconditions of perfection of research activity of students of technical specialities, such as motivational and operational spheres of research activity, creative abilities, professional thinking are considered.


Although the original attempts to stimulate hot dry rock or enhanced geothermal system (EGS) reservoirs employed conventional hydraulic fracturing methods, initial difficulty in obtaining sufficient connection between the stimulated zone and a targeted production well was experienced. Furthermore, the measurement of a cloud of microseismicity associated with the injections suggested shearing of natural fractures as an important process and led to development of stimulation methods that rely on shearinduced dilation to create reservoir permeability. Since this early change in approach, the process of stimulation applied to EGS reservoirs has continued to be founded on promoting shearing of natural fractures in the rock mass by injection of large volumes of water into long open-hole sections of the well at rates that limit the pressure to be at or below the fracture opening pressure. Shearing of natural fractures with the formation of wing fractures that then link between otherwise unconnected natural fractures provides a mechanism for development of directional conductive pathways when stimulation is carried out at or below fracture opening pressure. In particular, placing multiple fractures along a wellbore completed using a cemented casing string is expected to produce a better stimulation result compared to injection into a long openhole section. In addition, analysis of opening mode hydraulic fractures placed into hard, naturally fractured rock using pressures well above the minimum principal stress magnitude and then mapped in mineback experiments, show these fractures grew in the direction perpendicular to the minimum principal stress with offsets in their path developing at sites where the opening mode fracture interacts with and crosses natural fractures. This provides another mode of fracture growth that could be used to stimulate EGS reservoirs, provided cemented casing strings are used to complete the well.


【Objective】 This article aims to analyze the change of vegetation coverage and its relationship with climate factors in northwest China,to provide reference for the improvement of regional ecological environment.【Method】 Based on GIMMS/NDVI data,the spatial and temporal change of vegetation coverage and its relationship with temperature and precipitation by using mean NDVI,difference analysis,and correlation analysis were analyzed.【Result】 The increased regions of vegetation coverage mainly include: Xinjiang Tianshan,Tarim river basin,the southeast of Qinghai Province,the central and eastern of Gansu,Ningxia and Shaanxi.The decreased areas are mainly distributed in Xinjiang Tarim basin,Kunlun mountains,northwest of Gansu,and the edge of Ningxia and Gansu.Vegetation NDVI is strongly positively related to annual temperature,and significantly correlated to month average temperature,precipitation and accumulated temperature,and the correlation coefficients are 0.890,0.900 and 0.442.【Conclusion】Vegetation NDVI increased in northwest during 1982-2006 with a growth rate of 0.4%/10 a,vegetation coverage change is significantly correlated to the month average temperature and precipitation,and the response of vegetation change to temperature and precipitation have time lag.


Thermal annealing is required in the fabrication of many semiconductor devices. A proper annealing condition, e.g., temperature, atmosphere, and time, can improve the device performance, e.g., by reducing defect densities in bulk films and at interfaces. In addition, the annealing step can generate new structures in previously deposited thin films for various new functions. However, when the annealing condition is improper, e.g., the temperature is too high or the annealing time is too long, the device performance can deteriorate or dysfunction due to damage to the composing material, structure, or even the substrate. The thermal budget is critical in the thermal annealing step.
 Pulsed rapid thermal annealing (PRTA), which exposes the sample to repeated cycles of short-period heating and cooling, is a low thermal budget process. In this presentation, the principle of PRTA is presented. Examples of using PRTA in the crystallization of amorphous silicon on the glass substrate to polycrystalline thin films for thin film transistors (TFTs) and solar cells, improving high-k gate dielectric properties for MOS capacitors and solid state incandescent light emitting devices (SSI-LEDs), and preparation of nanocrystals embedded high-k structure for nonvolatile memories will be shown (1-4). Limitations of PRTA and possible improvements will be discussed.

 Kuo and P. M. Kozlowski, Appl. Phys. Lett., 69(8), 1092-1094 (1996).

 Kuo, C.-H. Lin, and M. Zhu, IEEE Photovoltaic Specialist Conf.
 PVSC 35, 3698-3701 (2010).

 Y. Kuo and C. H. Lin, ECS 237th Meeting Abstract # 130648, May 10-15, 2020.

 Y. Kuo, ECS 227th Meeting Abstract # 47306 (1333), May 24-28, 2015.


The main performances of erbium doped fiber amplifiers are the saturated gain and noise figure. In this paper, a simple approach is introduced to simulate the performance of erbium doped fiber amplifiers by using two empirical formulas. Then conflict equations are presented to improve this approach. At the end of the paper calculation results before and after improvement is given, furthermore the comparison of calculation results and measured data is also given. It has been shown to be more accurate.


Catalytic gasoline as starting material was blended with methanol to prepare methanol gasoline.Taking the methanol gasoline as the research object,water stability of the methanol gasoline was investigated by experiments.The results show that the methanol gasoline with middle-low ratio has very poor the resistance performance of water separation;and with the increase of methanol content in the methanol gasoline,water capacity increases.To add alcohols cosolvent can improve water stability of the methanol gasoline;with the increase of methanol content,the alcohols cosolvent dosage gradually reduces.And hydrophobic group carbon chain in cosolvent has good impact on water resistance performance of the methanol gasoline,especially octanol.


This report describes a bibliographic study of the experiments carried out in various countries to evaluate the harmfulness to structures of vibrations caused by blasting. These studies are summarized and practical safety limits are outlined. The propagation of vibrations in the ground is investigated using numerous measurements taken on a number of sites. Special attention is paid to the influence of the quantity of explosives used and of the distance from blasting point. Empirical relations are suggested. A brief description of the equipment for the measurement of vibrations in situ is given together with proposals for the practical control of blasting operations. (TRRL)


Measurements of micro/nano dynamic force transducers (DFTs) in the micro-Newton range are of significant importance in many fields. In this paper, the electrostatic force in the micro-Newton range was used to generate dynamic force to calibrate the DFT, which is traceable to the International System of Units (SI). The relationship between the force input and voltage output of a DFT was investigated. The performance of DFT, such as resolution and reproducibility had been tested by the proposed method. The uncertainties, such as eccentric loading position, electrostatic force, output voltage measurement, and stiffness measurement, were estimated. The results showed that relative standard uncertainty in the determination of the calibration of the transducer was approximately 2.2%. This showed that the proposed system was very stable and repeatable.


In this paper we study the motion of two particles diffusing on low-dimensional discrete structures in presence of a hard-core repulsive interaction. We show that the problem can be mapped in two decoupled problems of single particles diffusing on different graphs by a transformation we call diffusion graph transform . This technique is applied to study two specific cases: the narrow comb and the ladder lattice. We focus on the determination of the long time probabilities for the contact between particles and their reciprocal crossing. We also obtain the mean square dispersion of the particles in the case of the narrow comb lattice. The case of a sticking potential and of 'vicious' particles are discussed.


After the World War Ⅱ(1945-1949),there was a network of multiple powers in Hankow,which included the local government and the rickshaw workers' union,together with rickshaw bosses and the guild.Facing the contradictions both with inside and outside influencing the surviving of rickshaw pullers,the workers could give expression to the profit of them in a great degree,by the struggle for the profit within the three managers,together with the actions and the responses between the managers and rickshaw pullers.


High-voltage gain converter has a high-frequency use in some industrial fields, for instance, the fuel cell system, the photovoltaic system, electric vehicles, and the high-intensity discharge lamp. In order to solve the problem of the low-voltage gain of traditional boost converter, the double-boost converter with coupled inductance and doubled voltage is proposed, which connects the traditional boost converter in parallel. The voltage gain of the converter is further improved by introducing the voltage-doubled unit of the coupled inductance. Moreover, the clamp capacitor can absorb the leakage inductance in the circuit and reduce the voltage stress of the switch. In addition, two coupled inductors are magnetically collected; then, the loss of the core is analyzed under the same gain. The detailed analysis of the proposed converter and a comparison considering other topologies previously published in the literature are also presented in this article. In order to verify the proposed converter performance, a prototype has been built for a power of 200 W, input and output voltages of 12 and 84 V, respectively, and a switching frequency of 50 kHz. Experimental results validate the effectiveness of the theoretical analysis proving the satisfactory converter performance, whose peak efficiency is 95.5%.