The results reported indicate that the properties of polyurethanes elastomers can be tailored to serve a wide variety of applications, for low temperature uses as well. The glass transition temperatures of the soft segments (Tgs) which control the low temperature properties of polyurethane elastomers, ranged from -79°C to -27°C (DSC onset values). The transitions observed in the range 75 to 125°C were attributed to hard segment glass transitions. The transitions at temperatures from 140 to 170°C, which were identified especially in the samples of over stoichiometric diisocyanate concentration, evidently arose from the dissociation of allophanate crosslinks and successive ordering processes. The low temperature β" and γ transitions were observed at temperatures from -70°C to -125°C. In addition to the obvious Schatzki crankshaft mechanism, allophanate crosslinking may influence these transitions. Samples that were annealed over the crystal melting temperature and subsequently quenched exhibited higher glass transition temperatures than the samples kept for a long time at room temperature. These results can be explained in terms of better phase separation in annealing and formation of small soft segment crystallites in quenching, in contrast to the formation of large crystalline and amorphous phases in the RT samples.


the robotic approach feasible and safe in patients previously submitted to radical prostatectomy independently from the approach (open vs laparoscopic/robotic), from the extent of the previous LND, as well as from the previous administration of adjuvant/salvage radiotherapy? All these answers will need to be addressed in future studies on subgroups of patients undergoing sLND. Most importantly, until a high level of evidence is available, sLND should still be considered experimental and should be performed by highly experienced surgeons.


Attitude error is the change in the object attitude (roll, pitch and yaw) over the ideal. Attitude error of the SAR-carrying vehicle causes a translation and attitude errors of the SAR-antenna platform. Pitch and roll of the SAR-antenna move the antenna footprint in the flight path direction and transversely to flight path respectively. Yaw of SAR-antenna introduces a squint of the antenna footprint. The change in the footprint positions due to attitude error causes a degradation of the resultant SAR image. The attitude error can be canceled by controlling the steering angles of the antenna platform in azimuth and elevation directions. This paper describes in details how the angles that the antenna platform should be steered with in the azimuth and elevation directions to cancel the attitude error can be calculated, these angles are called reference angles. In the simulation study, an actual navigation data of a SAR-carrying vehicle are used to show the attitude error effect on the footprint positions for stripmap operation, then the reference azimuth and elevation angles are calculated to cancel this error. If the antenna platform tracks the reference angles with zero tracking errors, the attitude error will be ideally cancelled. So, in the simulation study also, the antenna platform tracking of the reference angles is simulated to check the effect of the tracking errors on the footprint positions. The simulation results and their related comparisons show that the proposed work effectively cancels the attitude error.


Based on μC/OS-II operating system,by the use of ARM program, the block diagram of the system and the module are designed.The hardware circuit is designed by Proteus and the software system is designed under the ADS environment.The design mainly includes writing driver software for the LCD module,writing function modules such as the game initialization,the racket migration,and the ball path.Then several tasks are performed at the same time with the operating system.The system carries on the simulation debugging in the Proteus software platform,and the game machine design is completed.


The present invention provides a method and a reactor for processing Li-containing bulk material. The present invention relates to a method for recovering lithium from a starting material containing lithium. According to the present invention, the starting materials are heated in a reactor together with carbon, to inductively heat the carbon directly. .FIELD 1


Although coaching practice is becoming more popular in Serbia, this field of personal and professional development is not often discussed in academic circles. Coaching is based on the idea of teaching and changing a client whose role is very active during the whole process. Coaching is done by professionals with different backgrounds and experience, and its approach is based on certain theoretical assumptions, and on helping people in various areas of life. Depending on their field of work, different authors offer a variety of definitions of coaching, whether of coaching in general, or of specific types of it. To date, coaching has been proven to be the most applicable to the fields of sport and business, and one of the most developed branches of coaching is coaching of managers or persons employed in management positions within an organisation. It is necessary for coaches to have specific competencies, skills, knowledge, and experience, to be truly useful both to individuals and to organisations in which they are employed.


QUONIAM ABUNDAVIT INIQUITAS: DOMINICANS AS INQUISITORS, INQUISITORS AS DOMINICANS Praedicatores, Inquisitores. I. The Dominicans and the Medieval Inquisition. Acts of the 1st Internatonal Seminar on the Dominicans and the Inquisition. Edited by Wolfram Hoyer, O.P. [Institutum Historicum Fratrum Praedicatorum Romae, Dissertationes Historicae, Fasciculus XXIX.] (Rome: Istituto Storico Domenicano. 2004. Pp. 816; 1 plate.) One of the most striking antipapal cartoons of the nineteenth century depicts a statue of St. Dominic about to be raised by ropes and pulleys to the top of a monumental column set in "The Infamous Piazza of the Holy Office." The inscription on the base of the column (partly concealed by the statue, here conjecturally emended) reads: "A ETERNA / [INF]AME MEMORIA / DEL / [SANTO] UFFIZIO / [RO]MA LIBERATA / ANNO M.D.C.[C.C.] IL." In the saint's hands the traditional Dominican inquisitorial emblematic devices of the leaved branch of mercy and the sword of justice have been replaced by a nasty scourge and a sinister-looking dagger. Two dogs run up the street alongside the column, the Domini canes-the hounds of God. The picture was part of the protest against the restoration of papal authority in Rome and the rest of the Papal States (and with it, of course, the Inquisition and its inevitable Dominican agents), after the failed Roman revolution of 1848, although the Latin title of the picture-Ad majorent Dei gloriam, is, incongruously, the motto of the Jesuits.1 Ironically, all the components of this hostile iconography-loyalty to the papacy, Dominic as saint and inquisitor (think of the wonderfully anachronistic painting by Pedro Berruguete), the Spanish Dominican inquisitorial emblems of mercy and justice, and the (surely much later) play on the name of the founder that came to be associated with the image of the hounds of God (grandly memorialized in Andrea de Firenze's frescoes in the Spanish Chapel of Santa Maria Novella in Florence)-originated in the Order of Preachers itself, creating what Grado Merlo, in his fine introductory essay to this volume, calls, "il binomio frati Predicatori/inquisitori," the inseparable identification of Dominicans and Inquisition, most recently (and tiresomely) reiterated in the depiction of Bernard Gui,O.P., in the novel and (quite awful) film, The Name of the Rose.2 But if many Dominican inquisitors and historians found it to their advantage to identify the Order and the institution, so did the enemies of both. Periodic lay and other hostility toward the persons and sentences of Dominican inquisitors in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries often resulted in acts of violence against the local Dominican community, inquisitors or not. For better or worse, the binomial identification has had a long history. I But is that conventional history the history? Jean-Louis Biget has recently pointed out that "the precise evaluation of the role [of the Order of Preachers] in this area [i.e., that of inquisition history] remains an open problem and would itself take up an entire scholarly conference."3 The present volume contains the acta of just such a scholarly conference. Introductory remarks by Arturo Bernai, O.P., President of the Dominican Historical Institute in Rome (pp. 5-7), provide a historical context for the two Dominican conferences on Dominicans as inquisitors, the papers of the first of which constitute the volume under review. The call for a "purification of memory" in John Paul II's Tertio Millennia Adveniente of 1994 and the International Theological Commission's Memoria e riconciliazione: la Chiesa e le colpe del passato of 2000 inspired the Order of Preachers to consider its own memory and history.4 Charged by the General Chapter meeting at Bologna in 1998 with, " [examining] the role played by some of [the Order's] members in the injustices of the past in order to help to purify our memory and involve the Order in a quest for truth leaving the judgement of people to God alone," the Dominican Historical Institute in Rome held this conference in February, 2002. …


Abstract Background Millions of people use antipsychotic medications. Thousands of clinicians (often non-psychiatrists) prescribe and monitor them every day. Existing research reports mostly favorable risk-benefit ratio during the first years of schizophrenia, but their risk-benefit ratio and maintenance efficacy in long-term is not clear. Our aim was to: 1. analyze long-term antipsychotic use and its determinants in Finnish cohort samples, and 2. review the studies on benefits, risks, and follow-up and monitoring practices of long-term antipsychotic treatments. Methods 1. We used the data of population-based Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (NFBC1966), and also Finnish therapeutic community data. 2. We performed a systematic literature search on long-term treatment effects, risks and monitoring of antipsychotic medication in schizophrenia. Results 1. In NFBC1966 in midlife, higher lifetime doses of antipsychotics were associated with alterations in brain morphometry, poorer neurocognition, and poorer clinical outcomes. Clinical follow-up was inadequate even in half of the schizophrenia cases. In therapeutic community cohort, maximal development of psychosocial care reduced the mean dose of antipsychotics in acute psychosis ward from 370 mg/day as chlorpromazine equivalents into 160 mg/day. 2. In the literature review, three main cornerstones in the high quality longitudinal use of antipsychotic medication were: a) high, evidence-based pharmacological quality, b) optimal adjuvant psychosocial therapies, c) sophisticated long-term prescription, monitoring and follow-up practices to minimize nonadherence and psychiatric and somatic failures. In sum, antipsychotics are effective for acute and mid-term psychosis in prevention of relapses and excess mortality. Long term antipsychotic use especially in high doses may include major iatrogenic harms, as also poorly monitored withholding or discontinuing. When aiming for an optimal benefit-risk ratio and for balancing symptomatic, functional and somatic outcomes, the goal is to aim for lower ranges of effective dosing, as well as choosing an appropriate antipsychotic agent that causes minimal side effects, and to combine adjuvant psychosocial interventions in the treatment. The often recommended personalized smallest effective dose is not so simple but still a realistic strategy in current relapse prevention practices, where doses often are too large for safety reasons. Discussion Cohort-based register studies are useful in examining long-term medication effects although they contain a risk of residual confounding due to their observational design. However, randomized controlled trials in long, over 3–7 years of follow-up, are unrealistic. The systematic literature review demonstrates major open or conflicting questions in risk-benefit ratio related to long-term outcomes. Non-adherence and attrition are key problems in sustained antipsychotic medication. Standardized prescription and monitoring practices (not so much studied) might improve medication adherence and also outcomes. Current clinical guidelines advise us based on studies from first years of schizophrenia. There are only few and weak patient-level predictors of successful tapering and discontinuation of antipsychotic medication. In the future, clinical follow-up of medication can be improved by structured follow-up and planned continuity. Life span view of antipsychotic medication stresses careful documentation of doses, responses and harms, longitudinal planning and realization of medication as part of the whole treatment program, as well as individualized and tailored selection, dosing (dose as low as possible or minimal effective dose) and follow-up by a well-trained team.


Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 Enhancing Active Learning with Technology Chapter 3 Using Technology to Respond to Literature Chapter 4 Spinning the Web with Children's and Young Adult Literature Chapter 5 Technology, Talking, and Listening to Learn Chapter 6 Cyber Comp: Technology Tools to Enhance & Inspire Composition Chapter 7 Word Wizardry Chapter 8 Visualizing Verse Online Chapter 9 Gaining Language Wisdom from OWLs, Online Writing Labs Chapter 10 Music, Movement and Laughter: How Technology Supports Creative and Critical Thinking in Language Chapter 11 Using Web Tools to Integrate Reading, Writing, Spelling, and Grammar Chapter 12 Making Media Matter Chapter 13 Exam Questions Chapter 14 Glossary


The invention discloses a method for converting coordinates of a WGS84 ellipsoid and a Clarke 80 ellipsoid, which belongs to the technical field of geodetic survey and geographic information and is used for solving the problem of converting lower coordinates of different ellipsoids in the field of the geodetic survey. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, performing reverse operations on a projection coordinate below the WGS84 ellipsoid to convert the projection coordinate into a geodetic coordinate below the WGS84 ellipsoid, and converting the geodetic coordinate into a Cartesian coordinate; secondly, using a 7-parameter method to achieve the conversions of Cartesian coordinates below the two ellipsoids so as to obtain the Cartesian coordinate below the Clarke 80 ellipsoid; and finally, converting the Cartesian coordinates into the geodetic coordinate of the Clarke 80 ellipsoid, and performing normal solution as required to operate so as to convert the geodetic coordinate of the Clarke 80 ellipsoid into a required projection coordinate. With the method, the precision up to 0.1 m can be obtained and can meet the needs of most users and occasions, thus the method can play a great role in the technical field of the geodetic survey and the geographic information and obtain good economic benefits.


Abstract: A number of technologies are used for implementation of optical switches. It ranges from simple mechanical movements to deflect the light beam to using external stimuli to change the optical properties of materials. This chapter summarizes the mechanisms used for implementation of optical switches.


The diversity of lexical functions in Bulgarian and Russian: an approach to compatible digital comparative lexicography This paper presents an approach to the creation of Russian-Bulgarian digital dictionary of collocations using the apparatus of lexical functions. The project is aimed not only at the high-quality translation and word sense disambiguation but also at the cross-linguistic analysis and at comparing the semantics and compatibility of the words in Slavic languages (here: Russian and Bulgarian) by means of digital lexicographical data. Another important application is computer-assisted language learning: Bulgarian data can be incorporated in the educational project being developed for Russian and English at the Institute for Information Transmission Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences.


From the Publisher:
The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is today's most exciting new format for transferring data across the World Wide Web and other networks.. "Focusing on the nuts and bolts of XML, Inside XML DTDs is the first and only complete guide to creating, using, and updating document type definitions (DTDs), which provide a layer of additional power on top of the document structures built into XML and enable documents to share large chunks of information.. "Included is a value-packed CD-ROM containing DTDs discussed in the book, sample documents, and browsers.


The effects of exciton-optical phonon interaction on the binding energy and the total and reduced effective masses of an exciton in a cylindrical quantum wire have been investigated. We adopt a perturbative-PLL [T.D. Lee, F. Low, and D. Pines, Phys. Rev. B90 (1953) 297] technique to construct an effective Hamiltonian and then use a variational solution to deal with the exciton-phonon system. The interactions of exciton with the longitudinal-optical phonon and the surface-optical phonon have been taken into consideration. The numerical calculations for GaAs show that the influences of phonon modes on the exciton in a quasi-one-dimensional quantum wire are considerable and should not be neglected. Moreover the numerical results for heavy- and light-hole exciton are obtained, which show that the polaronic effects on two types of excitons are very different but both depend heavily on the sizes of the wire.


In the scope of this research, it is aimed to determine emotional labor behavior and burnout level of football coaches and to examine the relationship between them. In this study conducted in relational survey model, Emotional Labor Scale developed by Diefendorff et al. (2005) and adapted to Turkish by Basım and Beğenirbaş (2012), and Maslach Burnout Sclae developed by Maslach and Jackson (1981) and adapted to Turkish by Ergin (1992) were applied to 321 voluntary participants. Descriptive statistics (number of participants, minimum, maximum, mean, standard deviation) regarding emotional labor and burnout levels of participants were calculated. Besides, pearson correlation coefficient was calculated with the aim of determining the level of relation between the sub-dimensions of emotional labor and burnout. p significance level in difference tests was taken as 0,05. Research results showed that burnout levels of coaches were low; as the sub-dimensions of emotional labor scale, the factors of deep acting and genuine emotions were high, and the factor of surface acting was low. According to the correlation results, it was determined that there was a low level negative relation between their burnout levels and surface acting behavior and a low level positive significant relation between deep acting behavior and genuine emotions.


Management information system is a system that uses computers to perform management and decision-making. Since the 1960s, with the progress of computer science, system science, and information science, it has been a discipline to adapt to modern management. In order to study the role of auditing computer information management and software development in the Internet era, this article is based on distributed computing, using case analysis, literature analysis and other methods to collect data from databases such as CNKI, Wanfang Database, and SSCI, and build A model for computer information management and software development. The experimental results prove that the efficiency of auditing information through auditing computers and software has been greatly improved, and the growth rate is about 30%. The accuracy and application efficiency of audit information have also been improved, which is about 20% higher than that of traditional audit methods. This shows that computer information management and software development can play an important role in audit work.


This paper provides an update on the status of the new ISO data model standard for libraries and explores some of the issues facing Australian libraries wishing to maximise the benefits offered by the new standard. The potential for data profiles to add value in the interoperability context is explored, as are the complexities involved with mixed data profiles at the point of circulation. Some suggested guidelines for the selection of data elements under the standard are also offered for consideration.


The study provides a comparative assessment of the research contribution of the Mysore University and the Karnatak University in terms of publications output in science and technology, its growth and citation impact during 2001-10. It analyses the strong and weak subject areas of universities research and their citation impact. It describes the international collaborative share of research output of the universities at the overall level, indicating the contribution of the major collaborating partner countries. It also provides analyses of the national collaborating links of the two universities; with a view to study their collaborating linkages with academic institutions, institutes of national importance, research institutions and industry. It also studies the contribution and citation impact of the top 15 most productive authors and also the productivity of their most productive journals, where the two universities authors have published.


In the Autumn 1961 issue of the Journal (Vol. xvi, No. 4, pp. 399-404), Mr. Larratt Higgins examined the recent Columbia River Treaty and judged it to be "a complete strategic victory for the United States" and "a crushing, if not humilating defeat for Canada". He has thus added fuel to the controversy inside Canada about the Columbia River Treaty and has contributed to the confusion in the minds of the Canadian public about this subject. Unfortunately, his condemnation of the Treaty rests to a considerable extent on an interpretation of it which, in my opinion, is completely erroneous.


Water is life and is one of the major inputs for agriculture. Earth has a finite supply of fresh water and therefore, demands that every drop of annual rainfall should be conserved and judiciously utilized for production and postproduction agriculture to get maximum nutrients per unit of water. The concept of water productivity in agriculture is now shifting from harvest index per unit of land and water to nutrients (protein, carbohydrate, fat, etc.) produced per unit of water. This varies with food commodities and locations. For example, the total dietary energy produced by potato, maize, peanut, wheat, milk, egg and beef using one m3 of water are about 5600 kcal, 3800 kcal, 2300 kcal, 2280 kcal, 660 kcal, 520 kcal and 100 kcal, respectively. Similarly, the production of protein using one m3 of water by potato, peanut, maize, wheat, egg, milk, chicken, and beef are 150 g, 111 g, 77 g, 74 g, 41 g, 40 g, 33 g and 10 g, respectively. This paper describes the water nutrient productivity of some of the crops and livestock products and suggests as to how to provide food and nutritional security through an appropriate and balanced diet design, to the maximum number of people of the world from the limited and dwindling land, water and bio resources.


In developing countries and Nigeria in particular more and more educated people are wallowing in poverty due to diminishing standards of living. Despite the launch and re-launch of the universal Basic Education scheme by successive government in Nigeria since 1999, inequalities relatively to standards of living chances have remained little altered. This study makes use of annual time series data sourced from the world bank development index (WDI) covering the period of 1981 to 2017. Jarque-Bera Normality test, Unit root test, test for multicorrelation, cointegration test were used for the pre-test while the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) approach was used for the estimation. The result shows that educational attainment (=0.029, t = 7.986, p 0.05) and formal education complementary skills ( = 0.00001, t = 3.752, p 0.05) exert a significant positive effect on household standard of living in Nigeria. Income redistribution ( =-0.019, t = -2.112, p 0.05) does not show any effect on household standard of living in Nigeria. The study submitted that educational attainment and formal education complementary skills contribute positively to household standard of living. The need to create job for secondary school leavers some of whom may not be interested in further education to enhance the secondary school return to education was recommended.


Domestic and industrial energy requirements since the beginning of industrial revolution have been largely met by fossil fuels. This leads to a continuous increase in the Earth's atmosphere of carbon dioxide and other harmful components. Also fossil energy resources decreasing day by day and scientists have turned to new research. In this context alternative energy sources have an important role to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. One of the alternative energy sources is biomass and pellet fuel is one of them. In this study, combustion characteristics of pellet fuel in a model smoke tube boiler at different loading conditions were investigated numerically. As a Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) program FLUENT package program was used. Calculations were performed at two dimensional conditions. According to various loading conditions, temperature and stream function contours, velocity vectors, exhaust gas temperatures and efficiencies were investigated and results were discussed.


Background: Physical inactivity is a worldwide public health issue and the fourth leading risk factor for global mortality. As a measure of prevention or treatment several countries have developed concepts of physical activity on prescription (PAP) to tackle the common issue of sedentary behavior and thereby decrease the risk of chronic illness and premature death. The Swedish model of PAP, "Fysisk Aktivitet pa Recept" (FaR) is a relatively new concept and does consequently belong to a little explored field in research.
Aim: The aim of this study was to describe patients' experiences and perceptions of FaR and to understand how FaR influenced the processes of changing the patients' physical activity behavior.
Methods: The study was based on 8 semi-structured interviews with patients who had received FaR and the data was analyzed using qualitative content analysis.
Findings: Three themes emerged from the data analysis and illustrate patients' experiences of changing physical activity behavior. Possessing the tools but awaiting an opportunity to make a change illustrates the patients' awareness of their potential benefits of physical activity although they still waited for another motive to make a change. Completing the puzzle through the missing piece illustrates how FaR influenced the patients to take the first step to a behavioral change. A bumpy road to reach the destination illustrates the difficult journey of changing physical activity behavior that the patients experienced.
Conclusion: FaR functions as a final helping-tool to become physically active when patients are already aware of needing to change their physical activity behavior. FaR interacts with other processes that influences the individual such as life events and level of motivation and therefore should not be considered a separate reason for success. However, more research is needed on FaR and its effects on the individual in order to develop FaR and make it more accessible to patients in Swedish health care.


Two causes of surgical and medical ailments were universally recognized among the early inhabitants of the Americas, one natural and the other supernatural. If the cause was not easily perceived, as was often the case, it was regarded as supernatural. The supernatural diseases were supposed to originate in various ways: by the casting of spells, by contact with some objectionable person or thing, or by the presence of something in the system, such as an evil spirit, a stone, a piece of wood, a worm or an insect. Manifestly, they came just as near to the recognition of bacteria as they could without knowing anything about them. It must not be thought, however, that real causes were not given their due significance, if they made themselves sufficiently apparent, as often happened in surgical lesions at least. The ancient members of our profession were by no means always as childish as


The study was carried out with the scion of fertile cucumber inoculated Yunnan pumpkin of black seed as anvil.The results showed that the inoculated cucumber could promote crop growth,increase root activity and the absorption of nutrients relief the injury of root nematode to cucumber, and activate soil microorganisms.This technology could play certain roles in the relief of continuous cropping obstacles of cucumber in greenhouse.


This paper reports on a grounded theory study involving eight practitioners; four supervisees and four supervisors took part in individual interviews and two separate focus groups.The core finding of the research is that multiple holding is needed to provide adequate support for professionals working with trauma and abuse. Multiple holding is a term for the processes practitioners can use to enable them to remain working in the field of trauma and abuse and includes relational supervision, knowledge and skills and the use of resources outside the supervision relationship. The identified outside resources are: spirituality; personal therapy; collegiality; and training specific to trauma and abuse. Supervisors need to be part of a chain of holding where they in turn are held by their own supervisors, who, in turn, in an ongoing sequence, are also held in a chain of supervision and holding. Being able to choose a supervisor was found to be important to build a high level of trust in the supervisee/supervisor relationship.


Few information in the literature indicates how aging affects the service life of asphalt pavements. This work presents linear viscoelasticity and damage characterisation of an asphalt mixture at four aging states, and simulation of pavements fatigue performance. E* tests were performed in sinusoidal compression. Controlled crosshead tension-compression testing was used for damage characterisation. Aged materials were obtained by heating loose asphalt mixture at two temperatures (85°C and 135°C) and aging times (2 and 45 days). Two simulated pavements were studied for comparing behaviour at different ages using Layered Viscoelastic Pavement Analysis for Critical Distresses (LVECD). Results showed that the effect of aging seems to improve service life. It was also observed that simulating the asphalt layer as composed by two half-layers (aged at the top and unaged at the bottom) did not lead to significantly different results with respect to fatigue performance of an evenly aged layer.


^ TUDIES OF 1tLITES tend to consist either in the analysis of a _concept or in the investigation of a group. The first approach aims at outliniIlg the functions of elites in society-the plurality of dlites deriving from the multiplicity of functions and their hierarchy from the importance attached to each function. The author's outlook will play a considerable part in this assessment and his scale of values may well diffier from that of the society whose elites he is endeavouring to classify. Thus Saint-Simonl described an elite as performing the tasks which are indispensable to economic prosperity and scientific progress; in his opinion, the disappearance of that elite would empoverish France more than that of the king, the royal family, the ministers, deputies, generals and heads of administrative departments. According to this classification, the main functions were no longer political and military'l'administration des choses' was to replace 'le gouvernement des hommes'. There is little doubt that St. Simon's views were only shared by a small minority of his contemporaries. Yet they were to exert a considerable influence upon the policy of economic expansion of the Second Empire. From the assessment of the values which should be foremost in the community (although they might not be the most highly appreciated by its members) to the classification of elites according to these values, the whole appraisal was normative and subjective. It was granted recognition nevertheless and inspired governmental action in a later period. St. Simon's theory may be considered as typical for an approach which does not aim at reflecting the actual structure of elites in a society, but may come to alter it. All normative studies of elites are based on the assumption that some functions are, or will be, of particular importance to the community and that elites are, or should be, composed of the individuals or the groups who can best perform these functions. The stress is on the needs of the society rather than on its actual structure at a given time. These needs may be fulfilled by the formation of a new dlite, then the theory which advocated it may be considered as creative. The second approach to the study of Elites is mainly descriptive. It is concerned with existing elites, such as they are in a given society. The criteria used to determine their membership are purely objective, i.e. 3 I 9


In the business transactions of large corporations such as utility companies and banks, many cheques must be processed on a regular basis. In this paper, we describe algorithms currently under development to automatically process the information contained on them. These procedures are designed to preprocess the scanned image of a cheque, locate and extract different items of information from it, and produce recognition results for these items by classifiers developed for each function.


Space–time-modulated electromagnetic structures have become a topic of significant research interest due to their frequency-converting, amplifying, and nonreciprocal properties. In particular, traveling-wave modulation (TWM) is of interest due to its simplicity. Often, TWM is realized by applying staggered time-modulation signals to a discrete array of unit cells. This modulation is referred to as spatially discrete TWM (SDTWM), and the constituent unit cells are called stixels: space–time pixels. Recently, a boundary condition referred to as the interpath relation was derived that relates the field in neighboring stixels. In this article, the interpath relation is applied to SDTWM electrical networks to obtain a generalized eigenvalue problem that can be used to efficiently simulate a cascade of SDTWM stixels. The proposed eigenmode analysis technique is used to simulate three representative SDTWM structures designed to support frequency conversion, parametric amplification, and nonreciprocal propagation. While currently available techniques would require an entire spatial period (or even the whole cascade) to be simulated simultaneously, the presented technique relies only on a single stixel.


Recently,sharp increase in mice number and its rampant activity have seriously done harm to farmland and had bad influence on human health. Cricetulus triton is one of dominant species of farmland destructive mouse.Now report about Cricetulus triton research is summed up,in order that we can completely know the ecology peculiarity and provide the theory basis in curing Cricetulus triton .


Two types of on‐center bipolar cells, rod‐ and cone‐dominant bipolars have been identified in the dark‐adapted retina of the carp by means of intracellular recordings and Lucifer‐yellow dye injection. They differ physiologically and morphologically in the following respects: (1) responses of rod‐dominant cells to bright lights are characterized by a tansient depolarization followed by a smaller sustained depolarization, while those of cone‐dominant cells are approximately rectangular; (2) the cone‐dominant cells are about 1.5 log units less sensitive to light than the rod‐dominant cells; (3) the latency of the response is shorter in the cone‐dominant cells than in the rod‐dominant cells; (4) the mean diameters of the cone‐dominant cell receptive field (0.7 mm) and dendritic field (90 μm) are larger than those of the rod‐dominant cell receptive field (0.5 mm) and dendritic field (56 μm); (5) the mean diameter of the cone‐dominant cell soma (8 μm) is smaller than that of the rod‐dominant cell soma (13 μm); and (6) the terminations of the cone‐dominant cell axons form a ramification (67 μm mean diameter) in contrast to a big terminal swelling of the rod‐dominant cell axons (37 μm mean diameter). At least two ionic mechanisms are responsible for generating the depolarizing response of on‐center bipolar cells, one having a reversal at a positive potential and the other at a negative potential. Responses with a negative reversal potential only are obtained from some of cone‐dominant cells and responses with a positive reversal potential only are obtained from some other cone‐dominant cells and the rod‐dominant cells. There are a large number of bipolar cells that respond by both ionic mechanisms, although the ratio between them varied considerably in different cells.


Effects of sintering conditions such as heating temperature and heating rate on the density and microstructure of a sintered body of molybdenum were investigated. Both the oxygen content and the density of an intermediate sintered body influenced the density and the microstructure of the sintered body. First, the sintered body with a higher density and with a smaller number of pores was obtainable from the intermediate sintered body with lower oxygen content and with a lower density. Secondly, the grain size of the sintered body tended to decrease almost linearly with the increase of the number of pores. The latter result suggests that the grain growth in the sintered body was inhibited by the existence of pores at the grain boundaries.


In this article the author illustrates the common traits of Italy's parliamentary form of government under the Liberal Monarchical and the Democratic Republican Constitutions. According to the author, both periods are characterised by the predominance of «governments of an assemblearistic nature» in comparison with the «cabinet governments» of most other European democracies. Indeed, while Italy's Republican system makes a strong break with the past in terms of civil, political and social rights, regional autonomy, constitutional safeguards and the judicial system, it remains very similar to the previous regime with regard to the system of government and the relationship between the Executive and Parliament.


A method for blind deconvolution of ultrasound based on second-order statistics is proposed. This approach relaxes the requirement made by other blind deconvolution methods that the tissue re∞ectivity be statistically white or broad-band. Two methods are described, the flrst is a basic second-order deconvolution method, while the second incorporates an optimally weighted least squares solution. Experimental results using synthetic and actual ultrasound data demonstrate the potential beneflts of this method.


Whether long interspersed nuclear element‐1 (LINE‐1) hypomethylation induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) was mediated through the depletion of S‐adenosylmethionine (SAM) was investigated. Bladder cancer (UM‐UC‐3 and TCCSUP) and human kidney (HK‐2) cell lines were exposed to 20 μM H2O2 for 72 h to induce oxidative stress. Level of LINE‐1 methylation, SAM and homocysteine (Hcy) was measured in the H2O2‐exposed cells. Effects of α‐tocopheryl acetate (TA), N‐acetylcysteine (NAC), methionine, SAM and folic acid on oxidative stress and LINE‐1 methylation in the H2O2‐treated cells were explored. Viabilities of cells treated with H2O2 were not significantly changed. Intracellular ROS production and protein carbonyl content were significantly increased, but LINE‐1 methylation was significantly decreased in the H2O2‐treated cells. LINE‐1 methylation was restored by TA, NAC, methionine, SAM and folic acid. SAM level in H2O2‐treated cells was significantly decreased, while total glutathione was significantly increased. SAM level in H2O2‐treated cells was restored by NAC, methionine, SAM and folic acid; while, total glutathione level was normalized by TA and NAC. Hcy was significantly decreased in the H2O2‐treated cells and subsequently restored by NAC. In conclusion, in bladder cancer and normal kidney cells exposed to H2O2, SAM and Hcy were decreased, but total glutathione was increased. Treatments with antioxidants (TA and NAC) and one‐carbon metabolites (SAM, methionine and folic acid) restored these changes. This pioneer finding suggests that exposure of cells to ROS activates glutathione synthesis via the transsulfuration pathway leading to deficiency of Hcy, which consequently causes SAM depletion and eventual hypomethylation of LINE‐1. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This study aims at investigating the kinds of taxis and logico-semantic relation of students' presentation in Acceleration Program of SMA Labschool Jakarta. The meanings represented in clause complexes are analyzed based on the concept of relationship between clauses suggested by Halliday (1994: 373) . The analysis of taxis and logico-semantic relation is necessary in order to present a pattern of the complexity of the acceleration students. The observation video was recorded in class K-12 then transcribed and analyzed by means of analysis of clause complexes proposed by Gerot and Wignell (1994: 21) . The finding in the study shows that the clause complexity in the acceleration students' presentation is varied. In the first group consisting 4 female students, almost all kinds of taxis and logico-semantic are relation found in their presentation, except hypotactic extension. In correspondence with the first group, the second group consisting 4 male students, has produced all kinds of relation except locution. From all groups the type of taxis and logico-semantic relation mostly arises is paratactic elaboration. The analysis of meaning reveals that the dominant meaning is addition which appears from extension.


Development of cereal/legumes association in DMC system with smallholder farmers needs to provide direct economic benefits in addition to soil fertility improvement and weed control. Thus, no till maize associated with pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) has been promoted in Sayaboury province of Lao PDR in order to improve the conventional maize monocropping system, provide farmers with additional raw material for pig raising and reduce local dependence on imported soybean meal. However, the use of grain legumes in pig nutrition has been limited due to high concentrations of secondary plant metabolites. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of three dietary treatments on the technical and economic performances of short-term pig fattening systems. Treatments were based on different protein sources - i.e. soybean meal (Group 1), inclusion of raw pigeon pea seed (Group 2), and inclusion of boiled pigeon pea seed in a ration (Group 3). The results of these trials show that the quantity of pigeon pea meal used does not affect pig growth. Average daily growth obtained after 150 days with pigs reared with an inclusion of pigeon pea seed meal were significantly higher for Group 2 and 3 (523 g.day-1; 529 g.day-1) than those reared with protein concentrate only (464 g/day). Feed intake composed of 18% of pigeon pea enabled a reduction of 13% in the total cost of feed production. On average, the pigs fed with an inclusion of pigeon pea provided a net profit increase of 24 USD per head with no need meal preparation (boiling). Additional experiments should attempt using larger amounts of pigeon pea seed meal in the feed intake in order to evaluate the impact of higher content of antinutritional factors on growth performance. (Resume d'auteur)


In this paper, a monopole antenna with two symmetric L strips is proposed. Closed rings on either side have been introduced to enhance the bandwidth of the proposed antenna. The antenna geometry is fed with a microstrip line. The proposed geometry is designed on easily available FR4_epoxy dielectric material and the dimensions of the dielectric substrate used are of 50 mm x 50 mm x 1 mm. Antenna geometry's performance is investigated in the frequency range between 2 GHz to 7 GHz. To validate the design, proposed geometry was fabricated and tested. Antenna impedance bandwidth of 86.3% was obtained in the operating band of 2.5GHz to 6.3GHz. Measured results fairly agree with the simulated data. General Terms Monopole microstrip antennas, Planar UWB antennas.


The effect of annealing and gamma irradiation on the structural and magnetic properites of some green and grey clay minerals collected from different sites of Moldavia (Bradicesti, Frumoasa) is investigated. X-ray diffraction evidenced a multiphase mineralogical composition, where muscovite is the predominant phase. The annealing (at 500°C for 4h) and gamma irradiation procedures (0.126 mGy/ h ) induced an increase in quartz content and a diminution in the content of some impurity phases like clinochlor, and montmorillonite. Some changes in the 40K radioactivity were evidenced by gamma spectrometry and were related to the decomposition and oxidation processes. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of studied samples suggest that the used procedures induce oxido-reduction processes and a migration process of Fe(III) and Mn(II) species in places with different environments.


In this paper, we present the size reduction method of HF whip antenna for ship communication. To reduce the size of the HF whip, the end part of linear whip is modified to helical type. We designed the whip antenna with 60% size of the commercial whip antenna and carried out communication experiments using the commercial and the designed whip antennas. From the experimental results, we found that the proposed whip antenna can replace the commercial whip antenna for ship communication.


Objective:To explore the ultrasound contrast diagnostic and distinguishing values for the benign and malignant tumors.Method:88 cases of patients with liver benign and malignant tumors(130 lesions)were selected,in which 35 cases were benign,and 53 cases were malignant.The sonovue of GE-LOGIQ9 color Doppler was used to conduct ultrasound contrast imaging,and the liver parenchyma and lesions of the filling process,the filling and enhanced strength were recorded in time.Result:Benign liver lesions:there was 51.7% of early arterial phase occurred contrast-enhanced images,and 96.7% of the delayed phase presented enhanced and high-enhanced,2 cases presented low-enhanced.Conclusion:The real-time ultrasound imaging can reflect the characteristics of the different liver lesions perfusion,is helpful to the diagnostic and distinguishing of benign and malignant tumors.


In the May edition of The Dairy Mail we had a look at the essential roles that zinc, copper, manganese and cobalt play in helping to improve animal performance. These essential trace minerals have both direct and indirect effects on reproductive function and fertility in dairy cows and heifers - however, often unrecognised are the effects of the immune system on reproductive function and how stressors tied to lameness, mastitis and heat stress impact immune function and maintenance of normal cyclicity.


The present invention relates to a vacuum cleaner that is mini-nozzles are kept firmly fixed to one surface of the body. The invention, and the external suction nozzle body 60 is air and the foreign matter is introduced; The suction nozzle body 60 is formed than in a small size, mini-nozzle is used for cleaning a narrow space such as stairs 100, and; The suction is rotatably connected to a side of the nozzle body 60, the nozzle receiving portion 76, in which the mini-nozzle 100 is mounted is formed on one surface, the body being a plurality of parts to filter by drawing air internal It has a composition including 70; A mounting means (110) for the mini-nozzle 100 and the nozzle receiving portion 76, the mini-nozzle 100 that is firmly fixed is provided. And the mounting means 110 has a configuration including the mounting protrusion 112 and the mounting groove 114 is fastened is formed in a shape corresponding to each other in the mini-nozzle 100 and the nozzle receiving portion 76, the nozzle receiving portion 76, the fixing projection (76'a) and the stripper bumps (76 ') for fixing the mini-nozzle 100 is further formed. with this configuration, the advantage becomes convenient to use the vacuum cleaner there is. Vacuum cleaner, mini nozzle body, the fixed


Abstract There is little use of cultivated kelp including Saccharina latissima (syn. Laminaria saccharina) in the European food industry, in contrast to the extensive use of Pyropia (syn. Porphyra) as Nori, e.g. in sushi restaurants. A major reason for this discrepancy is possibly the extremely high iodine content in laminarian species, i.e. 3–10 g I kg-1 dry weight, in contrast to the situation in Pyropia with its approximately 10 times lower iodine content. Another serious problem for commercial use of S. latissima from rope culture for food is the presence of epiphytic animals on the blades from May onwards as an unwanted food addition. This investigation presents data on iodine content in commercial samples of S. latissima, with indications of lower iodine values from rope cultivation in the Kattegat (Baltic) at reduced salinities, and in general from tank cultivation, possibly mainly due to rapid iodine depletion of seawater in the tanks. Boiling dried blades for several minutes in fresh water resulted in a reduction of the iodine content to approximately one third of the initial value after 2 min. Results from rope cultures in a Norwegian fjord showed the presence of epiphytic animals from early May onwards in the sea, which ruined the food quality of the blades, but the complete absence of such animals throughout the year in parallel tank-grown S. latissima, probably mainly due to mechanical prevention of larval settlement in tank tumble culture.


Sediment toxicity tests were conducted with the freshwater amphipod Hyalella azteca using sediments ranging in total organic carbon (TOC) concentration from 3 to 11 % and spiked with either DDT or endrin. While the toxicity in the DDT-spiked sediment decreased with increasing TOC content, the TOC content of the endrin-spiked sediment had little apparent effect on toxicity. The 10-d sediment dry-weight LC50 for DDT was 11.0 μg/g at 3.0% TOC and 49.7 μg/g at 10.5% TOC. The sediment dry weight LC50s for endrin at 3.0 and 11.2% TOC were 4.4 and 6.0 μg/L, respectively. These results are important in evaluating the carbon normalization theory, which assumes that the availability of nonpolar organic compounds is reduced in the presence of higher concentrations of TOC. The differences in adsorption and toxicity between DDT and endrin are presumably related to the smaller carbon (Koc) and octanol/water (Kow) partition coefficients of endrin.


Kim, Heeringa, and Solenberger (2006) suggested two approaches for model-based sampling designs of reducing the variance of the Horvitz-Thompson (1952)'s estimator. Their methods are whole sample procedures based on optimization theory under a superpopulation model. With respect to the sample selection probabilities, we theoretically present the differences between those procedures and popular draw-by-draw procedures such as sampling methods of Mizuno (1952), Brewer (1963a), and Murthy (1957), when the sample size is two, which is a common situation in nationwide samples with many strata. We also compare the efficiencies between them for natural populations in the published literature. It appears that the methods of Kim, Heeringa, and Solenberger (2006) may be preferable to those draw-by-draw procedures in many situations. π sampling, regression superpopulation model, optimization problem


A validated analytical procedure for vaulted unreinforced masonry structures is proposed in this study. The structural analyses necessary in this research are carried out by the finite element analysis method (FEM). The ribs of a gothic rib vault are modeled using linearly elastic solid elements, while the vault webs are modeled using linearly elas ti c shell elements. The analytical models are then validated using in situ nondestructive vibration experiments, by the comparison of analytical and experimental mode shapes and natural frequencies ofthe vaulting system. Appropriate boundary conditions are determined by the verification ofmode shapes, and material properties are verified by comparison of natural frequencies. National Cathedral in Washington, DC, U.s.A. is studied as a controlled case as it has known material properties and construction history. These analysis and validation methods studied on NC will be then applied to European medieval structures in the continuation


The device will produce a graph from data in the form of five-track paper tape. The rate of plotting is 20 points per minute at an accuracy of up to one part in 1000. Apart from a standard ten-millivolt potentiometric recorder and tape reader, the device requires 21 transistors, 2 valves and 22 relays.


This is a useful paper providing a detailed analysis of the effect of meteorological parameter changes, linked to climate change, on various processes affecting aerosol concentrations. While several studies have already been performed in this field, this paper specifically attempts as much as possible separating different effects. This al-lows making evident the many competing effects acting. In a concluding section, the impact of different parameter changes on PM2.5 levels are compared and relate to a climate change scenario. The paper should be published in ACP after having taken into account groups of remarks.


This document provides brief reports, or case studies, on a number of investigations sponsored by the Calibration and Validation Team (CVT) within the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) Project. Chapter I describes a comparison of the irradiance immersion coefficients determined for several different marine environmental radiometers (MERs). Chapter 2 presents an analysis of how light absorption by atmospheric oxygen will influence the radiance measurements in band 7 of the SeaWiFS instrument. Chapter 3 gives the results of the second ground-based solar calibration of the instrument, which was undertaken after the sensor was modified to reduce the effects of internal stray light. (The first ground-based solar calibration of SeaWiFS is described in Volume 19 in the SeaWiFS Technical Report Series.) Chapter 4 evaluates the effects of ship shadow on subsurface irradiance and radiance measurements deployed from the deck of the R/V Weatherbird 11 in the Atlantic Ocean near Bermuda. Chapter 5 illustrates the various ways in which a single data day of SeaWiFS observations can be defined, and why the spatial definition is superior to the temporal definition for operational usage.


Fundamentals of Fuzzy Systems.- Fundamentals of Control Theory.- Design of Fuzzy Controllers.- Stability Analysis of Fuzzy Controllers.- Parametrization and Optimization of Fuzzy Controllers.


Due to global economic recession and lower future prospect, the strategy of high cost for hiring large number of salesmen in life insurance business and financial indusry has to be changed. In addition to cutting jobs, companies are looking for alternative sale strategy with lower cost. For example, to achieve a new strategy of being more competitive and efficient in customer connection, company gets cross-selling through banks and securities company under the same financial holding company. This research is using life insurance business and financial holding company as study subjects. This article aims to apply the KMV model conceptualized by Morgan & Hunt in 1994 to examine the cooperative partnership of financial industry in Taiwan. This study mainly attempts to explore : 1.The impacts and influences of what and how relationship benefits、shared values、communnication would affect relationship commitment or trust. 2. The impacts of relationship commitment and trust would affect cooperative intention. In addition, this study aims to understand whether the trust and relationship commitment lead to influence the knowledge sharing intention. This is to find out if the theoretical model of trust-relationship commitment could be applied to the business of life insurance and financial indusry. This research will use questionnaires to study domestic life insurance business and financial industry. Totally, 450 questionnaires were issued and 379 valid samples were returned, resulting in a valid return rate of 84.22%. Finally, AMOS and SPSS software will be used in data analysis. There are five major findings: 1. Relationship benefits、shared values、communication are positively related to the relationship commitment and trust between life insurance business and financial industry. 2. Relationship commitment is positively related to the trust between life insurance business and financial industry. 3. Trust and relationship commitment are positively related to the cooperative intention and knowledge sharing intention between life insurance business and financial industry. 4. Relationship benefits、 shared values and trust are affected by relationship commitment, which it leads to affect cooperative intention and knowledge sharing intention. 5. Both shared values and communication are affected by trust, which it leads to affect cooperative intention and knowledge sharing intention. To find out the relationship benefits、shared values and communication that influence the relationship between life insurance business and financial industry to improve the cooperative intention and knowledge sharing intention between partners, maintain long-term relationship and lower marketing cost.


A cold wall low temperature oxide (LTO) process, by a stagnation flow technique for the deposition of device quality SiO2 on silicon wafers at temperatures of 280°- 400°C is reported. The following properties of the SiO2 films were investigated : Growth rate, deposition profile, refractive index, wet etch rate, chemical characterization by XPS, electrical properties and IR - spectra have been studied as function of substrate temperature, reaction pressure, carrier gas and O2/SiH4 mole ratio.


Lymphoid tyrosine phosphatase (Lyp) is a 105‐kDa Class I protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) encoded by the PTPN22 gene and is expressed exclusively in immune cells. Lyp is known to potently inhibit T cell receptor signaling by dephosphorylating several substrates, including the Src family kinases Lck and Fyn, ZAP70, and TCRzeta. Lyp has recently emerged as a key player in a range of human autoimmune diseases including type I diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Graves' and Addison's disease. The basis for Lyp's involvement in autoimmune disease is a single nucleotide polymorphism in PTPN22 that results in an amino acid change from Arg620 to Trp620 in the non‐catalytic C‐terminal domain of Lyp. The result is an increase in phosphatase activity although the molecular basis is not well understood. To reverse the pathogenic effect of this Lyp‐W620 variant, small molecule inhibitors are desired for therapeutic treatment of autoimmune disorders. The objective of the work presented here is to develop small molecules that can function as Michael acceptors to inactivate Lyp activity in vitro. Kinetic analysis has shown that these inhibitors inhibit Lyp in a time‐ and concentration‐dependent manner under pseudo‐first order conditions, and that Lyp activity does not return after extensive dialysis. Furthermore, the compounds appear to bind in the active site, as inhibition is reduced by co‐incubation of the enzyme with a known competitive inhibitor of PTPs. Further characterization is underway to gain more information on the mechanism of inhibition and selectivity among other members of the PTP family.


The importance of the formation of a constructive life position of air transport specialists, on whom the safety of life of passengers depends, is actualized. The psychological meaning of the concept of "personality life position" and its main vectors, including activity-passivity, constructiveness-destructiveness, spirituality-lack of spirituality, negativity-positivity, selfishness-collectivism, morality-immorality, etc. are considered. The main personality characteristics that influence the development of a constructive life position are identified, including: value orientations and motives, life goals and meanings, attitudes towards altruism and optimism, ability to predict the future and make life decisions, choice of strategy for achieving goals, ability to self-determination. The conceptual model of formation of a constructive life position of air transport specialists is presented. To identify indicators and characteristics that affect the process of formation of a constructive life position, the main strategies for achieving personality goals are studied: passive strategy; active-rigid strategy; active-plastic strategy; mixed strategy. The selection of diagnostic tools is made, and the results of empirical research, which showed that modern young men and women need psychological and pedagogical assistance in determining their own constructive life position as a basic, which leads to the feeling of happiness and life satisfaction are presented. Conclusions are made, according to which the process of formation of a life position of the personality of an Aviation University student should be focused on a constructive direction. This presupposes the urgent need to create in higher educational institutions favorable psychological and pedagogical conditions for preparing young people for the development of a constructive life position.


[Purpose] To examine autonomic nerve responses during a psychological stress task and subsequent breathing. [Subjects and Methods] Slow and normal breaths were measured randomly at more than two days apart. The Uchida-Kraepelin test was executed for 15 minutes as a psychological stress task after a 5-minute rest sitting on a chair. Subsequently, slow breathing or normal breathing was carried out for 5 minutes. Salivary alpha-amylase and heart rate variability were analyzed as autonomic nerve responses. [Results] Salivary alpha-amylase increased with stress, and decreased with slow breathing. The HF and LF/HF ratio were synchronized with neither stress nor slow breathing. [Conclusion] The findings of our study suggest that salivary alpha-amylase is a more sensitive test of psychological stress than heart rate variability.


College career education is not very effective. One reason is that the tool value concept, leading the aims of career education offsetting; Another is that lacking of inheritance and innovation, career education contents limited; In order to change career education, should learn from Chinese ancient educational thought of "harmony" philosophy, make the career education adapt the China's national conditions.


The third meeting of the Conference of Parties (COP-3) of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) concluded with the signing of the Kyoto Protocol (UNFCCC 1997). After much political wrangling and an extended all night negotiation session, delegates agreed to a Protocol that mandates specific emissions limits for industrialized countries and economies in transition (collectively listed as Annex I countries). The Protocol mandates that the average anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) equivalent emission of each Annex I country should be no more than its agreed allowance in the 'first quantified emission limitation commitment period' which is defined as the five years between the beginning of 2008 and the end of 2012 (UNFCCC 1997, Article 3.7). The base-period for most countries in Annex I is 1990. The exceptions, which were granted during COP-2 (UNFCCC 1996, decision 9/CP.2), are Bulgaria (1989), Hungary (1985-87), Poland (1988) and Romania (1989).


The ED50 values and resistance factors of 20 fungicides that all act as inhibitors of the C-14 demethylation of 24-methylenedihydrolanosterol were determined for one wild-type and four resistant strains of Ustilago avenae. All fungicides were cross-resistant to each other; however, the resistance factors varied considerably, ranging from 50 (triadimenol) to 2·2 (miconazole). A tentative structural requirement for low resistant factors was the presence of two phenyl rings separated from each other by at least three atoms. Labeling of lipids with [14C]acetate in the absence and presence of the inhibitors and subsequent sterol analysis revealed that the variable resistance factors were not related to the presence of a second target site. In spite of reported second modes of action of fenarimol, tebuconazole or miconazole, accumulation of C-14 sterol precursors in both sensitive and resistant isolates was necessary to accomplish growth inhibition.


Inthisresearch paperawireless internet access pointconfiguration problemthatmay beadapted fora small Pakistani townisimplemented. Itisdefined asa genetic programming problemforopenendedsimultaneous topology synthesis andparameter searchthroughhybridencoding for automated design applications. Thesoftware platform usedis Visual Studio 6.Ocfordeveloping/implementing C++codeand GraphWin/LEDAC forviewing evolved topological descriptions. bywireswithminimumwirelength asoneoptimized parameter. TheC++codeiscompiled using MS Visual C++ 6.0candexecutable file HFCGP.exeisgenerated. An input parameter file isusedtospecify therunning parameters of genetic programming. Theclient locations arespecified and savedusing anotepad file withclient vertex number, edge number andplaner coordinates inthefollowing format.


Plantation data from poor quality Pinus sp. stands with lowyield, were analysed with the objective of finding when they are best renewed and replaced by Pinus taeda plantations, with a better development (quality and quantity). The economic criterion chosen was profit maximization in the replacement processo The profit maximization criterion in this study indicated that renewal is best done after the next planned thinnings. It was also found that specific situations about costs, revenues and interest will condition the final decision about the best economic moment of forest replacement or renewal.


Too often, the words diversity, equity, inclusion, and respect are reduced to buzzwords, talking points which are parroted by those in power. The asks that are made to further these principles ultimately, unfortunately, become politicized. A line is drawn in the sand. The Woke Left. The Entrenched Right. But issues of equity are not political, they're humanistic. As scientists, we understand that the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the causative agent of this years-long-crisis, is not a political actor it is a microbe that has been politicized and turned into a source of strife where we should have united against it. The issues of diversity, equity, inclusion, and respect are the same. They're used as talking points to further our political differences. They turn into fights, and they divide us. People become angry that they must undergo trainings to learn about how to foster an environment that is diverse, equitable, inclusive, and respectful of all people.


A one step procedure for the preparation of labeled mevinolin analogs 4, 10 and 15 possessing the 2,2-dimethylbutyryloxy side chain is described. The lactones 1, 7 and 13 were converted into potassium salts of their corresponding di or trihydroxy carboxylic acids from which anionic ester enolates were generated and alkylated with [14C]methyl iodide. Workup and purification by reverse phase HPLC provided radiochemically pure 4, 10 and 15. The labeled lactones were converted into ammonium salts of their corresponding di or trihydroxy acids.


The general encryption mechanism involves conversion of plain text into cipher text and decryption as vice versa, as well as multimedia(such as images, video, etc.,) the momentous aspect over here is that the converted cipher text always produces greater size than the original plain text. As there are innumerable number of internet users these days, more memory is accumulated in this process unnecessarily. To avoid such unnecessary accumulation of data we implement some data compression techniques over this encrypted data and also provide security mechanisms for the same and then send over the internet. But as we have many compression tools available in the open market, they fail to provide the security for the data at the same time. The same process can be implemented for the image encryption process. By encoding an image and compressing this encoded image along with security operations. Thus decryption provides the at most security for the data over the network. All the above discussed form of encoding is through Symmetric encryption where it can also be done through Asymmetric encryption. Using the Public Key Infrastructure, the encryption is done using the private key and then compressed and then it is decoded using public key and then decrypted using the secret key that has been shared between them.


A soft measurement model online training platform is designed based on OMAP—L137,which is a new double-core processor for industry.By analyzing the hidden-layer nodes of neural network,stop criterion of training and learning rate,the optimized neural network(NN)is realized in the double-core(ARM and floating point DSP)platform that supports on-line training of soft measurement model.The testing of datasets demonstrates the platform has excellent performance of high-precision and high-speed.


We consider a path-integral prescription for quantizing a variation of the bag model of Chodos et al. We treat the bag shape as an independent dynamical variable where associated kinetic terms in the Lagrangian have been taken to zero. We solve exactly a version of the model where a scalar field has a different mass inside and outside the bag. This solution is a free-field theory of a particle with a mass that is the root mean square of the input interior and exterior masses. No remnants of the semiclassical bag structures remain. The fact that the quantum fluctuations have so strongly altered the structure of the theory is associated with the lack of any structure in the surface of the bag. We argue that a surface tension alone is inadequate to control these fluctuations; both a surface tension and a surface thickness are needed. (AIP)


[Objective]To analyze the reports and status of referral,tracing,final diagnosis of tuberculosis suspects,so as to explore the measures to increase the detection rate of smear-positive TB cases.[Methods]According to the national monthly report forms and FIDELIS project report forms from June,2005 to May,2006,the status of referral and tracing of pulmonary tuberculosis suspects was analyzed and evaluated by using SAS software.[Results]24 666 TB suspects were actually reported by general hospitals where the FIDELIS project had been implemented from June,2005 to May,2006.Among them,8 006(32.5%)were transferred to local TB dispensaries and 7 049(47.1%)were traced by TB dispensaries.A total of 15 055 TB suspects arrived at and were examined by local TB dispensaries,among them,4 994(33.2%)were diagnosed as smear-positive TB,4 542(30.2%)were diagnosed as smear-negative TB and 3 756(24.6%)were excluded.[Conclusions]It is the effective way to increase case detection level by strengthening quality control of sputum-smear examination and referral of general hospitals,as well as the tracing of TB dispensaries.


exiles, the pages of the SPD's daily paper, Vorwarts, provide a remarkably perceptive and nuanced assessment of the developing political situation in Russia, especially for the early 1920s. While the study does not uncover vastly new material nor reveal fully unknown factors at work in the course of German history in the 1920s, the book serves well to remind historians of the compelling character of events in Russia and their vivid immediacy for the debates and conflicts within the German left just after World War I. In general, Zarusky maintains a balanced control of his subject, though the study does fall prey at points to viewing all significant clashes on the German left through the lens of Russian developments. He is perhaps at his best in describing the significance of Russia's turmoil for the fracturing of the German social democrats into a mainstream component (SPD) and a more radical independent socialist group (USPD) at the end of the war, and then the later split in 1920 within the USPD into a Comintern-oriented communist party (KPD) and a rump of independents who returned to the mainstream social democrats. Crucial here for the German socialists were decisions about the character of the Russian model for pursuing socialism and how appropriate it might be for Germany. Also at stake were choices between further proletarian uprising and social peace. In stressing the mainstream SPD's uneasy perception of the bolsheviks, Zarusky balances the traditionally accepted view that both mainstream and independent German socialists saw Lenin's party as the best hope for peace and democracy in Russia at the end of the war. He also shows effectively that the SPD followed much more perceptively than previously thought the transformation in Russia from a party dictatorship under Lenin in the early 1920s to a personal dictatorship under Stalin by the early 1930s. Zarusky argues, however, that the mainstream SPD saw this as a logical outcome of the bolshevik model of socialism, which therefore reinforced the SPD turn to the west.


The treatment technique of the waste plastics,such as landfill method,incineration method,material regeneration method,thermal cracking method,catalytic cracking method,degradation method,were reviewed.The progress situation of biological degradation method and supercritical water degradation method was introduced.Some beneficial advice for the environmental protection was put forward.


The stages of progressive thermal metamorphism of siliceous carbonate sediments covering mineral assemblages revealed in the highest grades of alteration were first delineated by Bowen (1940) in a paper which presented an illuminating systematic treatment of the whole subject. In his account the successive stages in the metamorphism of siliceous limestones and dolomites were, in general, linked with a series of reactions of increasing decarbonation in which thirteen steps were traced, involving the appearance of ten distinct mineral phases. With certain reservations these phases could be accepted as indicators of a temperature grade of metamorphism. Investigations carried out since that time have served to confirm the general validity of the scheme set out which thus brings law and order into a field of metamorphism characterized by considerable mineralogical and petrographical complexity.


The utility model discloses a reciprocating plunger pump, which includes a pump body, a conical spring, a plunger, an oil-adsorption one-way valve and an oil-discharge one-way valve. A cam is propped against the plunger, the conical spring is arranged outside the conical spring, the valve body of the oil-adsorption one-way valve is also taken as the bottom plug of the bottom of the pump body, the oil-adsorption one-way valve has a valve core sealed to be a hemisphere, and the oil-discharge one-way valve is a cartridge valve and is combined and sealed with the pump body by a tetrafluoride sealing ring and an O-shaped sealing ring. The reciprocating plunger pump has small volume and simple structure, and is suitable for being inserted and mounted in a portable integration hydraulic station.


This paper is an examination of the connection between the classical Cayley-Bacharach theorem for complete intersections in p2 and properties of graded Gorenstein algebras. Introduction. It is known, if not well known, that the Cayley-Bacharach theorem for complete intersections in p2 is valid for 0-dimensional arithmetically Gorenstein subschemes of P'. More generally, we show that the result is valid for 0-dimensional subschemes of P' having minimal Cohen-Macaulay type compatible with their Hilbert functions. The Cayley-Bacharach theorem in the Gorenstein case is a special instance of a theorem, interesting and technically useful in its own right, relating the Hilbert functions of linked subschemes of P'. Lastly we show that the 0-dimensional, arithmetically Gorenstein, reduced subschemes of Pn are characterized by the validity of the Cayley-Bacharach theorem and the symmetry of the Hilbert function. Fixed notation. A denotes a standard N-graded k-algebra, k a field: AO= k; A = k[AI]; X (A1) < ox. We use X to denote k-linear dimension, reserving "dim" for dimension of rings or schemes, and 8 to denote multiplicity for such algebras (or degree of the corresponding projective scheme). Note that 8(A) = X(A) if dim A = 0. We use I to denote a nonzero, nonunit, homogeneous ideal of A, and J = ann I ("ann" = annihilator). We assume always that A and A/I are CM (Cohen-Macaulay) and that Ass(A/I) c Ass(A). Hence Ass(A/J) c Ass(A). (Indeed, since the 0-ideal of A is unmixed of height 0, so is the annihilator of any nonzero ideal of A.) Therefore A/J is CM if dim A < 1. In any case, A/J is CM if A is Gorenstein [PS, Proposition 1.3]. In our applications A/J will be CM for one of these two reasons. Recall that, by definition, a ring R is Gorenstein provided that RI is a Gorenstein local ring for every prime idealA, of R, and A is Gorenstein <* AA,A is a Gorenstein local ring [AG]. We refer to [K] for those properties of Gorenstein local rings which are used below without specific reference. 1. OBSERVATIONS. Assume that Al is Gorenstein for all, EAss(A)). Then: (a) 8(A) = S(A/I) + S(A/J). Received by the editors January 3, 1984. 1980 Mathemnatics Subject Classification. Primary 13H10, 14N10.


Caf fein ingestion increases scotopic sensi ti vi ty during dark adaptation. The influ ence is seen with both large (2°26') and small (11.5') test stimuli. This indicates that the caffein effect is not due to ch anges in spatial summation. Since the effect peaks about 2 0 minutes after onset of dark adaptation, there may be a greater effect on the kinetics of dark adaptation than on the overall sensi tivity of the visual system.


The Child and Adolescent Social Perception Measure (CASP) was developed to assess children's ability to identify the emotions of others based on nonverbal cues. Adolescent boys with social skill deficits consistent with the diagnosis of Asperger's Disorder were compared to controls matched on age and intelligence quotient (IQ). Significant differences were found between groups on CASP scores. Correlations between CASP scores and general social skills scores were moderate and positive; lower significant correlations were found with language scores; and significant negative correlations were found with problem behavior scores. Validity for the CASP was demonstrated by the measure's ability to distinguish differences between groups and by correlations between scores on the CASP and scores on constructs related to social perception. Implications for occupational therapy assessment and treatment of social skill deficits are discussed.


Despite the ups and downs of political(electoral) fortunes, the West European social democratic parties have been suspected that they ceased to be social democratic in ideology and policy orientations since a quarter century ago. Such a suspicion arises from the observation that, distancing continually themselves from labour politics, they have been content with democracy only at a formal, procedural level without paying much attention to the socio-economic dimension of party politics. Behind such "a democracy without labour", it has been alleged, lie several structural factors like the decline of working class movement, the influence of neo-liberal globalization, and the rise of identity politics, etc. The reality, however, is much more complicated than indicated here. This paper points our that we still enjoy ample opportunities for the revival of the working class politics depending on the capacity, willingness and strategies of political leadership for class formation. It emphasizes that the question of democratic deficit at the substantive level can and should be solved by further democratizing democracy, namely, by expanding and deepening democracy at the socio-economic area. Such 'aggressive social democratic strategies' consist of two parts: the 'external' democratization for those who are crowded out of the market and the 'internal' democratization for those who suffer from various insecure employment conditions within the market. The former relates to the substantial building up of a more consumption-oriented traditional type of welfare and the latter focuses upon reforming the governing structure of companies by introducing stakeholder concept and spirit into it. Finally, this article emphasizes all the democratizing efforts should be spearheaded by political initiatives and, in that sense, strengthening democracy at the procedural level should still remain most critical.


Financial crisis is closely related to trade protection,and to some degree,it is the hotbed of trade protection.The theory of "home market effect" indicates that under the prerequisite of increasing returns to scale and the existence of trade cost,one country is subject to export product which is demanded best in domestic market,that is,the best demanding country will become the main export country.This thesis begins with the analysis of trade protection of main countries during financial crisis.According to the "home market effect" theory,this thesis discusses trade protection on the occasion of financial crisis and makes necessary positive analysis,which reached the conclusion that trade protection can surely promote export during financial crisis.


Combined with practical situations in the Greater Xing'an Mountains forestry district, methods for dividing ecological public good forests have been put forward. And several suggestions on management and administration of ecological public good forest have been proposed.


A chiller table for drink and wine is provided to maintain the cooling state of the drink or wine at a proper temperature to enable a user to enjoy the optimal taste and smell of the drink and wine. A cooling holder(30) into which a wine bottle is inserted is installed on the upper palate(11) of a table(10). A refrigerant pipe(40) for cooling the cooling holder rapidly is wound on the outer side of the cooling holder. A cooling surface of a thermoelectric element(50) is fixed and adhered to the lower part of the cooling holder. A heating element(60) is fixed on the heating surface of the thermoelectric element, and a fan(70) is fixed on the heating element. An insulating material covers the inner side of a cover of the refrigerant pipe wound on the outside of the cooling holder.


With the gradual fading of the global industrial economic era, a large number of products of the industrial era have appeared. People are already in the invisible pollution of brownfields. The emergence of brownfields has brought a series of thorny issues related to the environment and society. This article expounds the concept and classification of brownfields. Guided by the concept of ecological restoration and landscape regeneration, it analyzes and researches the sense of brownfield landscape design from the aspects of ecological environment, social and cultural, economic value, and aesthetic value. The whole process of guiding the landscape design in industry has a clear direction to promote the optimization and perfection of the environment in my country's urban industry.


ABSTRACT In the sociology of the emotions, it has been common to approach emotions as socially constructed. Researchers have rightly asked how society and social processes shape emotional life, and this approach has generated many valuable insights. In this article, I argue that we should also approach the relation between emotions and society from a complementary perspective and ask how society itself is constituted through specific emotional processes. Social researchers of existential leanings have argued along these lines, pointing out how the human fear of death is crucial for the constitution of society. I argue that an equally fundamental emotion for the constitution of society is grief. I take up Tony Walter's claim that grief underlies the very constitution of society and seek to develop it into a broader understanding of how human social life presuppose practices of grief and mourning, which enable collectives to move into the future on the basis of their past. I end with a brief discussion of how the current pathologization of grief may impact societal processes and our views of human beings.


Based on a previous study involving arenesulfenates, the enantioselective S-alkylation of benzyl and alkyl sulfenates R1SO− with alkyl halides, mediated by a cinchonidinium phase-transfer catalyst, was evaluated as a conceptually different synthetic approach to chiral sulfoxides. Direct application of our standard organocatalytic protocol, with methyl iodide as the electrophile, was rather disappointing mainly as a result of a sluggish release of the sulfur nucleophiles. However, slight modifications of the reaction conditions allowed the isolation of (R)-benzyl methyl sulfoxide in a 60% yield and a 38% ee, whereas (R)-cyclohexyl methyl sulfoxide was produced in a 34% yield and a 47% ee. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


ODS Graphics and the SG (Statistical Graphics) Procedures are now built into Version 9.3 of Base SAS, and entail no additional software licensing charge. However, this technology comes with options and features that require optimization by you to actually get communication-effective output if you want more than simply the default results that come with no added thought or effort. This paper prescribes principles of communication-effective graphic design, and shows you how to implement them. For certain charts, macros are provided to make getting desired results easy and quick. Less code means less opportunity for coding error. The paper also emphasizes and delivers widely usable solutions that were impossible or less well rendered with SAS/GRAPH. The new tools manifest some unexpected behaviors, which do not even announce themselves in the SAS log. The paper points these out, and shows how to cope with them.


Bioprinting has made its way out of the lab and...into other labs. We still haven't seen a true bioprinted organ implant, but the technology has so evolved and proliferated that a wide variety of printers and materials are being sold, mostly to university and corporate labs around the world. So, while the technology is on the precipice of a market explosion, we're witnessing numerous advances take place. One recent example is that of a bioprinting ink created by researchers at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (NTU Singapore) using sunflower pollen.


One hundred eighteen subjects, on average, reported the frequency of dreams portraying primal fears to be higher than either the frequency of dreams portraying existential fears or the frequency of daydreams portraying primal fears. For the 25 subjects seeking "symbolic immortality" through their children's and grandchildren's memories of them, primal fears of death were significantly less intense than existential fears of having no offspring or of being predeceased by offspring. For the 18 subjects seeking "symbolic immortality" through work products presumed to have lasting value, primal fears of death were marginally less intense than existential fears of goals not being achieved or of work products having no impact.


The West Kunlun Mountains in the northwest of the Tibetan Plateau,where terrain undulates largely and climate is arid and frigid.In order to well understand the distribution of permafrost in the mountains,the section between Dahongliutan and Qitaidaban along the State Highway 219 was chosen as a typical area.Many survey methods were adopted,including drilling survey,geophysical prospecting and exploration pit.The lower boundary of permafrost was determined through comprehensive analysis of the survey data.The lower boundary of permafrost is 4 800 m a.s.l.in the south slopes,4 650 m a.s.l.in the north slopes,and 4 700 m a.s.l.in the east and west slopes.According to the lower boundaries in different orientations and the data of digital elevation map,permafrost distribution model in the typical area of the West Kunlun Mountains was established in the ARCGIS platform.The simulation results based on the model show that the permafrost area is 3 136.3 km2,accounting for 89.4 percent of the region.The simulated permafrost area is a little more than that derived from the Tibetan Plateau Permafrost Map(TPPM).By comparing the two maps,the following differences are found: 1) the permafrost map derived from survey is able to describe the river talik more precisely than that from the TPPM;2) the river talik in the TPPM is far smaller than the actual talik derived from survey;3) seasonal frozen area in the wide valley between Dahongliutan and Qitaidaban was magnified in the TPPM.


Abstract Internet of Things (IoT) devices have become increasingly more pervasive and distributed. To provide connectivity to the massive amount of IoT devices and to satisfy the need of an ubiquitous and resilient coverage, Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) will be pivotal to assist and complement terrestrial systems. In particular, due to the fact that IoT communication is mainly characterized by sporadic uplink data reports, non-continuous satellite coverage, provided by cost efficient incomplete LEO constellations, is a baseline approach for most of the foreseen IoT-NTN architectures. In such configurations, all the terminals within a satellite beam must be served during the short satellite visibility window, thus generating congestion because of IoT devices simultaneously trying to access the same resources. When the number of colliding terminals increases, the number of successful access decreases, and the average time to complete the access increases. A possible countermeasure to this problem is represented by Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access scheme, which requires the knowledge of the number of users transmitting on the same resources. In this paper, we address this problem by proposing a Neural Network (NN) algorithm to cope with the uncoordinated random access performed by a massive number of Narrowband-IoT devices. Our proposed method classifies the number of colliding users and for each of them estimates the Time of Arrival (ToA). The performance assessment, under Line of Sight (LoS) and Non LoS conditions in sub-urban environments with two different satellite configurations, shows significant benefits of the proposed NN algorithm with respect to traditional methods for the ToA estimation.


[ABSTRACT.] [Dr. Halsted prefaced his remarks with a brief historical sketch of the results of ligation of the abdominal aorta in animals and man and demonstrated an instrument and the method employed in the application of the metal (aluminum) bands.] With the assistance of my house surgeon, Dr. W. M. F. Sowers, who most zealously aided me in making the experiments, and Dr. E. H. Richardson, a member of the surgical staff of the Johns Hopkins Hospital, during the past twelve months, I have been able to conduct experiments on the aortas of more than one hundred dogs and have noted particularly: 1. The effects of occlusion , partial and complete, immediate, mediate and ultimate on the blood pressure, general and local (above and below the band). The pressure below the band is lowered in proportion, roughly, to the amount of occlusion. The return of the pressure to approximately normal below


T cell engagers show high efficacy in B cells malignances. High risk of immune-related adverse events, including cytokine release syndrome (CRS), is reported in patients due to on-target off-site effects of T cell engagers. Thus, reliable and translational mouse models are required to predict potential safety issues and investigate their rescue. Here we describe two preclinical models mimicking to some extent CRS induction upon activation with anti-CD3 antibodies.BRGSF (Balb/C Rag2-/-, IL2Rγ-/-, SIRPαNOD and Flt3-/-) is a highly immunodeficient mouse featuring reduced murine myeloid cells. Development of human lymphoid (B and T cells) and myeloid (NK, cDC, pDC and monocytes) compartments upon CD34+ HSC-engraftment are observed in blood, spleen and bone marrow and are stable for over a year, without side effects. Anti-hCD3 mAb, OKT3, administration in BRGSF-HIS mice induced a rapid release of human cytokines (i.e., IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2) in serum. Pretreatment with Flt3L, enhancing the human myeloid compartment, boosted the production of cytokines. CRS clinical signs such as hypothermia and weight lost were reproduced in OKT3-injected BRGSF-HIS mice. Pretreatment with Tocilizumab (an anti-IL-6R) reduced cytokine production, suggesting a strong role of myeloid cells in the induced-CRS pathogenesis. The main limitation of this model is the lack of a fully functional crosstalk between human immune cells and mouse stroma, which can undermine endothelial cells contribution in CRS. Alternatively, the CD3ε N-terminal epitope knock-in mice expressing the humanized epitope of anti-CD3 clone SP34 (hCD3ε mice) enables the investigation of endothelial versus immune cells dialogue in CRS pathogenesis. hCD3ε mice display a functional CD3-TCR complex and a functional T and B cooperation, as shown by T cell proliferation upon SP34 activation and antigen-specific antibodies production, respectively. Cytotoxic responses were induced by various bispecific antibodies, ex vivo and in vivo. Splenocytes from hCD3ε mice activated with BsAb1 bispecific antibody targeting CD3ε and a tumor-associated antigen (TAA) induced mouse cytokines production (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10) in a concentration-dependent manner. A 2nd BSAb targeting CD3ε and an irrelevant TAA didn't induce any cytokine release, confirming the specificity of the previous cytokine induction.These data suggest that both BRGSF-HIS and hCD3ε models could be used to assess T cell engager-induced CRS in a complementary setting: while BRGSF-HIS mice enable monitoring of any anti-hCD3 agent, the model might undermine the contribution of mouse endothelial cells due to specie specificity barrier of human cytokines and mouse cells. In contrast, hCD3ε mice enable monitoring of cytokine induction upon activation with SP34-derived anti-hCD3 taking into consideration a full crosstalk between immune and endothelial cells.
 Citation Format: Perrine Martin-Jeantet, Florence Renart-Depontieu, Ludovic Bourre, Gaëlle Martin, Angela Pappalardo, Dean O. Campbell, Astrid Doerner, Yacine Cherifi, Fabiane Sônego, Kader Thiam. BRGSF-HIS and CD3Ε humanized mice: Translatable preclinical mouse models for assessment of T-cell engagers-induced CRS [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 4036.


Two hypotheses regarding the relationship between scientific reasoning skills and the use of the inquiry method of instruction in college biology labs were examined. The first hypothesis was that scientific reasoning skills influence an instructor's ability to teach biology using inquiry. The second hypothesis was that the effectiveness with which an instructor uses inquiry affects the pedagogical outcome of a lesson. To test the first hypothesis, 9 instructors teaching 702 students in an introductory biology course for nonmajors were evaluated for their scientific reasoning skills and understanding of the nature of science. Data were also collected on instructors' prior exposure to inquiry, educational level, teaching experience, subject knowledge, and verbal, quantitative, and analytical reasoning skills. An instrument was used to quantify the effectiveness with which instructors use inquiry as an instructional technique. As expected, performance on tests of scientific reasoning and analytical reasoning skills were predictors of effective inquiry use. To test the second hypothesis on the relationship between the effective use of inquiry and pedagogical outcome, data on students' scientific reasoning skills, understanding of the nature of science, subject knowledge, and overall satisfaction with the instructor were gathered. As expected, students of instructors who used inquiry more effectively experienced greater normalized gains in scientific reasoning than students of instructors who used inquiry less effectively. A negative correlation between instructor inquiry use and student understanding of the nature of science was identified. No other student variables were significantly influenced by effectiveness of inquiry use. Seven appendixes contain student surveys and sample assessment items. (Contains 7 figures, 2 tables, and 51 references.) (Author/SLD) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and improvement iUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as i received from the person or organization originating it. 0 Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. 1 PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY


Qualitative inquiry always used various kinds of data for understanding social issues and participants' perspectives. Research and methodologies were debated for what data are adequate for studying social justice issues. Current challenges for concepts of data are new, for example, virtual and digital data, question traditional data (interviews, ethnography, etc.) in their relevance for understanding current life worlds. New methods produce new and other forms of data (e.g., mobile, virtual data). Neoliberal contexts produce questions about qualitative research and its data. What is an adequate and contemporary understanding of the concept of "data"? These questions are discussed in this special issue.