This study aims to identify the independent influence of face-to-face contact (FFC) and non-face-to-face contact (NFFC) on the subsequent decline in self-rated health and mental health status by age. A total of 12,000 participants were randomly selected among residents in the study area, and 1751 of them responded to both the 2016 and 2018 mail surveys. The participants were subsequently classified into three age groups (25–49: Young adults; 50–64: Mid-aged adults; and 65–84: Older adults). Social contact was assessed by computing the frequencies of FFC and NFFC. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed the risk of social contact on the decline in self-rated health and World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index. Both FFC and NFFC were significantly associated with maintaining mental health; however, the impacts of FFC on mental health were more significant than that of NFFC among older adults and young adults. Compared with the no contact group, FFC was significantly associated with maintaining self-rated health in mid-aged adults. The influence of FFC and NFFC on health differed by age group.


The problems apt to appear as measuring the insulation resistance of internal water cooling generator's stator,integated with the overhaul experience,were studied and analyzed.The solving method was proposed to provide reference for the maintenance personnel.


DAMA is an observatory for rare processes based on the development and use of various kinds of radiopure scintillators. Several low background set-ups have been realized with time passing and many rare processes have been investigated. Main activities are briefly summarized in the following and the main arguments on the the results achieved in the investigation of the WIMP annual modulation signature are addressed. Next perspectives are also mentioned.


AGP (orosomucoid) and CRP provide help in the diagnosis of bacterial infection in neonates. Their use in following the course of systemic neonatal infection was evaluated in 49 neonates (GA:mean35 weeks,range 26-41w;BW:mean2206g.,range 880-4400) using sequential, quantitative (nephelometric) determinations. Early infection (<6 days of age) was observed in 28 patients:late in 21 patients. The outcome was favorable in all but 8 infants. Initial AGP and CRP concentrations were (mean ± 1SD)133 ± 75 mg/dl and 8.4 ± 7.5 mg/dl. After 5-6 days of favorable evolution, CRP decreased to a mean of 4.7 mg/dl (< 0.5-17.5) and after 13-16 days to 2.0 mg/dl (<0.5-18.8). Serum AGP increased to 142 ± 73 mg/dl and then decreased to 116 ± 75 mg/dl after the same time intervals. Higher values were associated with meningitis. During the 3rd week, no CRP value was above 0.8 mg/dl, and AGP was normal at 86 ± 40 mg/dl. The normalization of serum AGP was similar to clinical healing.In contrast, a dramatic increase of CRP was observed in patients with a bad outcome, especially 3 patients who died and two with profound neurologic damage. In one patient with arthritis the recurrence of symptoms was observed with a re-elevation of serum AGP while serum CRP was normal. The data confirm the abnormal elevation of serum CRP and AGP in neonates with bacterial infection. They suggest that CRP is a reflection of the efficacy of the treatment and that the normallization of serum AGP coincides with recovery.


We assess the benefits from transatlantic collaboration in technology policy for publicly‐funded R&D space projects such as Galileo, a proposed European radio‐navigation space project. An industrial organisation methodology is employed to model negative security spillovers of 'unilateral' space projects such as Galileo, or space‐based anti‐ballistic missile defence, on the public sector of the other region (the US vs. the European Union). The findings imply that transatlantic co‐ordination in technology policy is required to allow the respective space industries (in the US and the European Union) to exploit the benefits of cross‐border strategic research partnerships (SRPs). This coordination not only reduces the costs of the respective programmes, but also addresses security concerns.


Recently, whole exome sequencing linked mutations in the E3 ligase RNF216 to the pathogenesis of the Gordon Holmes Syndrom. Though a molecular basis has been identified, the biological mechanism remains elusive and has yet to be well characterized. Since the cerebellum is an area in the brain involved in motor control, we selected it as our main target for experiments to study mechanisms underlying disease inflicted ataxia. In addition, the hypothalamus, a small, but powerful brain region controlling various neuroendocrine physiologies, was targeted for experiments due to symptoms of neuroendocrine dysfunction. Our objective was to determine mechanisms leading to ataxia and neuroendocrine failure with focus on the cerebellum and hypothalamus in a zebrafish model of Holmes Syndrome. We hypothesized that loss of rnf216 leads to a dysregulation in development, specifically in the brain regions of the cerebellum and hypothalamus. Thus, immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization assays were used to analyze various cellular markers throughout development and hence further characterize a mutant phenotype.


This paper discusses the generalized local version of critical section problems including mutual exclusion, mutual inclusion, k-mutual exclusion and l-mutual inclusion. When a pair of numbers (li, ki) is given for each process Pi, it is the problem of controlling the system in such a way that the number of processes which can be execute their critical sections at a time is at least li and at most ki among its neighboring processes and Pi itself.
 First, we show the relationship between the generalized local (li, ki)-critical section problem and the generalized local (|Ni| + 1-ki, |Ni| + 1 - li) -critical section problem. Next, we propose the first solution for the generalized local (li, ki)-critical section problem for arbitrary (li, ki), where 0 < li < ki < |Ni| + 1 for each process Pi.


In order to understand the difference in SiC deposition between the CH_3SiCl_3-H_2 and C_3H_8-SiCl_4-H_2 systems, we calculate the phase stability among β-SiC, graphite and silicon. We constructed the phase-diagram of β-SiC over graphite and silicon via computational thermodynamic calculation cons...


Drunk and drive is leading cause of road accidents and it is the major reason behind most of the demises. The method of manual checking or scanning the vehicle drivers by using breath analyzers increasingly difficult for traffic cops. To avoid the difficulty of traffic cops, the automated drunk and drive, accident detection system with ignition lock was implemented by using Raspberry PI PICO. It aims to change with automated transparent, noninvasive alcohol safety check in vehicles. This system uses alcohol sensor MQ3, MEMS sensor, DC Motor, GSM module. GSM module locates the site of accident and correspondingly informs to the nearest person through a text message. The proposed system constantly screens the sensor output to know whether the driver was consumed alcohol or not. If driver was found to be drunk, the Raspberry PI processor instantaneously halts the vehicle ignition by stopping the DC motor otherwise the engine will run accordingly. The system also detects the vibrations of vehicle through MEMS sensor which was placed near the engine. Once the accident detects by MEMS sensor, GSM module activates to send SMS alert about the location and condition of vehicle to registered mobile number. When accident occurs, the airbag will open to save the life of the driver. In the place of airbag, LED was used. If LED glows means, airbags will open.


Rwanda's National Office of Population (ONAPO) was created in 1981 to increase awareness of the nation's demographic problems through various types of educational programs and to help the population make informed and responsible family planning decisions. From 1981-86 a mass communications strategy was emphasized, while from 1987-91 the approach stressed interpersonal communication. The mass communication approach used radio, print materials, the theater and cinema, and meetings and seminars to make the public aware of the sociodemographic situation of Rwanda and of the consequences to individual and national life of prevailing demographic patterns. A weekly 15-minute broadcast on national radio, several films and videos, pamphlets and other promotional items were prepared by ONAPO during this period. Beginning in 1987, the strategy was changed to better inform the rural population of Rwanda's demographic problems and the benefits of family planning. Couples were selected by each cell and trained in family planning. Their function was to inform other couples, using techniques of interpersonal communication believed to be in keeping with the importance of oral tradition in Rwandan society. An evaluation in 4 provinces indicated that these agents were responsible for 58-68% of new family planning acceptors in their areas. ONAPO's objectives in the area of training included preparing all medical facilities in Rwanda to offer family planning services, preparing all regional ONAPO offices to provide family planning training, and assuring that individuals capable of providing family planning IEC were available in all communes. ONAPO has cooperated closely with several international organizations in identifying and satisfying training needs at all levels. Within Rwanda, training programs are carried out for family planning auxiliaries in the health and education sectors, to provide clinical training in family planning, to train family planning trainers, and to improve administration of family planning programs. Short and long term training has also been provided abroad with the assistance of several countries and international organizations. ONAPO has carried out projects to integrate population education into the school curriculum at the primary and secondary levels and has prepared educational materials to further this goal. The various IEC activities conducted by ONAPO have contributed to the increase in contraceptive usage from 5.7% in 1989 to 10% in 1990. In order to increase contraceptive prevalence further, ONAPO plans to reinforce existing programs and introduce new programs.


Peak ventilation (VEpeak) measured by cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) is a valuable clinical information, especially in patients with pulmonary diseases. Measured values can be compared to maximal voluntary ventilation or to predicted VEpeak calculated by nonexercise equations. However, the FRIEND Registry prediction equation has never been assessed for portability in a Brazilian population sample.

 To analyze the applicability of the FRIEND registry prediction equation for VEpeak during treadmill CPX in a Brazilian healthy sample.

 Cross-sectional study of subjects assessed by CPX in the Brazilian Midwest region between January/2011 to March/2020. The inclusion criteria were CPX performed on treadmill in healthy individuals aged 20 years or older, and with respiratory exchange ratio ≥1.0. The exclusion criteria were any history of cardiovascular or pulmonary disease, presence of cardiovascular risk factors (such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, current smoking, and obesity) and abnormalities on CPX. Measured VEpeak values were compared with predicted values calculated using age, sex, and height, according to the FRIEND Registry prediction equation. Variables were described as median and interquartile range. Statistical comparisons between measured and predicted VEpeak were performed using Spearman correlation test, Wilcoxon signed rank test, and Blant-Altman agreement analysis.

 During the study period 7,843 CPX were performed and included for study eligibility. After the inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, 3,544 healthy individuals' assessments were included [1,574 females and 1,970 males, age 39 (33, 47) years]. The measured and predicted VEpeak were, respectively, 76.8 (66.7, 87.4) and 76.2 (68.5, 83.0) L min–1 in females, with significant difference (p=0.004). In males, the measured and predicted VEpeak were, respectively, 123.0 (107.3, 137.3) and 114.8 (107.5, 120.7) L min–1, also with statistical difference (p<0.001). Correlations were significant (p<0.001) for both sexes (r2=0.424 for females and .421 for males) (Figure 1). Average error was lower for females than males, with bias of 1.22 L min–1 (95% limits of agreement: - 26.95 to 29.39) in females and bias of 8.41 L min–1 (95% limits of agreement: −33.04 to 49.87) in males (Figure 2).

 Measured VEpeak median values were greater than predicted median values for both sexes, with lower average error in females than in males. The significant average error in males limits the prediction equation applicability in the Brazilian population. Thus, the development of a new Brazilian prediction equation is necessary to better evaluate the variable response during CPX in Brazil.

 Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES).


This article deals with the role of network relations among professional actors in the process of technological transformation. Special attention is given to the role of professions in shaping individual behavior. The case presented shows how a collective strategy obtained by a group of dairy technicians has been able to institutionalize a set of routines of how to solve technological problems and develop new products through extensive network activities among a juice company, the local dairies, and metal shops producing equipment for dairies. Despite strong commitment to a new organizational goal in the juice company, the professional routines of the dairy technicians were able to cause the goal to fail and thereby preserve their dominating role in the organization.


The prototype of antenna module for Japanese digital TV on handy phone was developed. Tuning antenna can cover wider system band with small size. Tuning antenna and direct connecting LNA improve NF of antenna module. Adaptive tuning control by using sensitivity signal from tuner module effectively compensate degradation by human body.


Pressure ulcers (PUs) are a leading secondary complication of spinal cord injury (SCI), affecting more than 50% of people with SCI at some point in their lives (Raghavan, Raza, Ahmed, & Chamberlain, 2003). Research into PU prevention can be generally categorized into two areas: risk assessment and PU etiology. PU risk assessment tools (e.g., Braden, Norton) identify people who, if treated with standard care, are likely to develop an ulcer. Therefore, risk assessment tools inform the clinician which patients should be watched more closely but are not designed to inform clinicians about individualized interventions (Bolton, 2007). One challenge is that research has yet to directly link clinical risk factors to the more theoretical understanding of etiology. So the tools identify someone as at-risk, but do not provide for any understanding of why certain risk factors lead to PU development. Furthermore, within the at-risk populations, there are still people more likely to develop PUs than others. Therefore, this study seeks to define the nature of the influence of risk factors. With this knowledge, we intend to inform individualized PU risk assessment and prevention. A large number of intrinsic characteristics have been identified as contributing to pressure ulcer risk. For this study, we identified 7 known pressure ulcer risk factors that we believed might impact tissue compliance or blood flow response to loading. These included level of injury (Byrne & Salzberg, 1996; Salzberg et al., 1998; Vidal & Sarrias, 1991), body mass index (BMI) (Allman, Goode, Patrick, Burst, & Bartolucci, 1995), blood pressure, smoking status (Byrne & Salzberg, 1996; Krause & Broderick, 2004; Raghavan et al., 2003; Sprigle, Linden, & Riordan, 2002), , hematocrit (Salzberg et al., 1996), serum albumin (Byrne & Salzberg, 1996; Salzberg et al., 1996) and lymphocyte count (Allman et al., 1995). The goal of this study was to identify clinicallymeasurable characteristics that can be used to predict buttocks tissue response to loading. Specifically, we sought to identify how tissue compliance and blood flow was impacted by clinically-measurable risk factors.


Recently, it has been observed that discussions pertaining to missionary and missionaryactivities have been increased in Turkey. It is argued that new legislations in line withthe extension of freedom of faith and though create in a more convenient socialclimate for missionary activities. It should be noted that majority of such discussionson missionary cannot be considered in a scientific manner. In this context, this articleaims to explain to following issues: dimensions of missionary activities in Turkey,reasons for religious conversion and main target of missionary, religious education andmissionary, and possibble changes and measures in Turkish religious education toprevent or decrease the influence of missonary activities on particulary youth.


Fas‐associated factor (FAF)‐1 is a multidomain protein that was first identified as a member of the Fas death‐inducing signaling complex, but later found to be involved in various biological processes. Although the exact mechanisms are not clear, FAF1 seems to play an important role in cancer, asbestos‐induced mesotheliomas, and Parkinson's disease. It interacts with polyubiquitinated proteins, Hsp70, and p97/VCP (valosin‐containing protein), in addition to the proteins of the Fas‐signaling pathway. We have determined the crystal structure of the ubiquitin‐associated domain of human FAF1 (hFAF1‐UBA) and examined its interaction with ubiquitin and ubiquitin‐like proteins using nuclear magnetic resonance. hFAF1‐UBA revealed a canonical three‐helical bundle that selectively binds to mono‐ and di‐ubiquitin (Lys48‐linked), but not to SUMO‐1 (small ubiquitin‐related modifier 1) or NEDD8 (neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally down‐regulated 8). The interaction between hFAF1‐UBA and di‐ubiquitin involves hydrophobic interaction accompanied by a transition in the di‐ubiquitin conformation. These results provide structural insight into the mechanism of polyubiquitin recognition by hFAF1‐UBA.


Let R2 denotes the ring F2 + μF2 + υ2 + μυF2 + wF2 + μwF2 + υwF2 + μυwF2. In this study, we construct quantum codes from cyclic codes over the ring R2, for arbitrary length n, with the restrictions μ2 = 0, υ2 = 0, w2 = 0, μυ = υμ, μw = wμ, υw = wυ and μ (υw) = (μυ) w. Also, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for cyclic codes over R2 that contains its dual. As a final point, we obtain the parameters of quantum error-correcting codes from cyclic codes over R2 and we give an example of quantum error-correcting codes form cyclic codes over R2.


Roles of WRKY Proteins in Mediating the Crosstalk of Hormone Signaling Pathways: an Approach Integrating Bioinformatics and Experimental Biology by Zhen Xie Dr. Jeffery Qingxi Shen, Examination Committee Chair Associate Professor of Biological Sciences University of Nevada, Las Vegas The goal of my research is to understand the molecular mechanism by which hormones control seed germination. Gibberellins (GA) promote, while abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA) inhibit seed germination. Key moleeules in these signaling pathways include receptors, secondary messengers, protein kinases and phosphatases, and transcription factors. My study focuses on how WRKY transcription factors modulate the expression o f an a-amylase gene {Amy32b), which is up-regulated by GA, but downregulated by ABA and SA in the aleurone eells of germinating seeds. Chapter 2 started with the annotation and phylogenetic analyses of the WRKY gene superfamily, followed by functional studies of WRKY proteins in mediating ABA responses. Eighty-one WRKY genes were identified in the riee genome through computational analyses. Phylogenetie analyses based on WRKY domain sequences suggest that extensive duplications and losses of the WRKY domain occurred during evolution of this gene family. Transient expression studies suggest that among four WRKY genes that are ABA-inducible in aleurone cells, OsWRKY72 and OsWRKY77


The synthesis of a large range of supports based on silica functionalized by a new derivative of β-cyclodextrin, 2-hydroxy-3-methacryloyloxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (βCDMAHP monomer), is described. Two methods of reaction were chosen: (1) coating via a radical polymerization of the βCDMAHP monomer (E1 series) and (2) radical grafting after silanization of silica using γ-methacryloyltrimethoxysilane (G1 series). As a preliminary step, a detailed spectroscopic characterization of the βCDMAHP was undertaken. Subsequently, within the two approaches, the experimental conditions were varied in order to investigate the effect on the βCD content in the functionalized supports. The changes in the porosity of the silica were also analysed. Finally, a comparison of the two methods is discussed, bearing in mind that these sorbents are to be used for water decontamination applications.


Kate Chopin is regarded as one of the pioneers of the feminist literature in the United States. Her works mainly express her caring for women. However,she was not a pure feminist writer when she started to write. There is a process of her converting into feminism literature. This article tries to illustrate how feminism was gradually discovered in Kate Chopin herself from her famous short story The Story of an Hour and her masterpiece The Awakening.


Pearl's results10 point to a 20 per cent, prenatal mortality ln his normal series inasmuch as he obtained 80 chicks from 100 eggs, and the experiments of Cole and Bachhuber4 mdicate that prenatal death in fowls varies in amount with different matings. It is clear, therefore, that prenatal death is a regular Phenomenon in some groups of mammals and probably in all groups. It is equally clear that it is variable in amount in those groups in which it is present, in association with different Ratings. The variability is marked, and as it points to certain


The present application discloses a method and a system for realizing accurate scheduling request on the CDN, wherein said method comprises: a target site CDN authoritative name system receives the service sent to the local domain name system and a client IP address of the local domain name system of the requested target website content, domain name; address lookup adapted to share scheduling information base for servicing clients optimal target sites CDN node server; optimal CDN node server receives the client to obtain the target site service when the content of the request, determines the IP address itself is adapted to provide a service comprising client IP addresses of client requests to read the content of the target site and service back to the client from the content stored in the service server in the CDN node optimum. This application can be solved due to the need to increase the time-resolved when IP scheduling, resulting in reduced efficiency of CDN problem, and solve the problem of an address error when scheduling.


The article present results of the research on the location and structure of forests, where the Pinus cembra trees grow. Surface structures were measured according to stand age classes and habitat categories. The total surface of plots, where old-age forests grow was summed up. The species composition of forest stands and plant communities on the whole is generalized. The values of forest plots areas in which the Pinus cembra trees constitute part of the volume of stands of 10%, 20% or more are summarized. To preserve the Pinus cembra population, it is recommended to expand the network of protected areas.


The paper gives a systematic and self‐contained treatment of the nonlinear Riemann–Hilbert problem with circular target curves |w – c | = r, sometimes also called the generalized modulus problem. We assume that c and r are Hölder continuous functions on the unit circle and describe the complete set of solutions w in the disk algebra H∞ ∩ C and in the Hardy space H∞ of bounded holomorphic functions.


Semiconducting molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has drawn a lot of attention for its exceptional electronic and optoelectronic properties. Despite the potential advantages, the large contact resistance at the metal–MoS2 interfaces has been one of the biggest obstacles for the realization of ideal MoS2 transistors. One solution to improve the metal–MoS2 interfaces is to use the graphene electrodes. Here, we provide a selective etching method for fabricating graphene-contacted MoS2 transistors. It has been proved that the graphene could be totally etched with Ar+ plasma treatment, and the multilayer MoS2 flake can also be reduced layer by layer with Ar+ plasma treatment. By etching graphene selectively in graphene–MoS2 heterostructures, one can obtain graphene-contacted MoS2 transistors successfully. The transistor reported in this paper shows an on–off ratio about 106 and a carrier mobility about 42 cm2 V−1 s−1. This selective etching method would be beneficial for some other graphene-contacted electronic devices.Semiconducting molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has drawn a lot of attention for its exceptional electronic and optoelectronic properties. Despite the potential advantages, the large contact resistance at the metal–MoS2 interfaces has been one of the biggest obstacles for the realization of ideal MoS2 transistors. One solution to improve the metal–MoS2 interfaces is to use the graphene electrodes. Here, we provide a selective etching method for fabricating graphene-contacted MoS2 transistors. It has been proved that the graphene could be totally etched with Ar+ plasma treatment, and the multilayer MoS2 flake can also be reduced layer by layer with Ar+ plasma treatment. By etching graphene selectively in graphene–MoS2 heterostructures, one can obtain graphene-contacted MoS2 transistors successfully. The transistor reported in this paper shows an on–off ratio about 106 and a carrier mobility about 42 cm2 V−1 s−1. This selective etching method would be beneficial for some other graphene-contacted electronic devices.


In order to successfully utilize amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) to enhance drug delivery, it is essential to maintain the amorphous form of the drug during the manufacturing process and the shelf life of the formulated product. It is essential to evaluate the crystallization tendency of the drug exposed to different environmental conditions and to develop strategies to modify crystallization kinetics through the addition of crystallization inhibitors. This chapter initially discusses crystallization in the solid state, including a consideration of the role of temperature, residual water, and additives. Subsequently, phase behavior during dissolution of an amorphous formulation is explored. The chapter presents an overview of the factors that need to be understood and controlled for successful formulation of an amorphous solid dispersion. It discusses different methods for physical stability assessment. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (SSNMR) is used to investigate a number of aspects of amorphous solid dispersions.

Keywords:

amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs);
crystallization inhibitors;
crystallization kinetics;
drug;
solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (SSNMR)


1. Introduction Global warming and climate change is one of the most extensively researched and discussed tropical issues affecting the environment. Although there are enough historical evidence to support the theory that climate change is a natural phenomenon, many research scientists are widely in agreement that the increase in temperature in the 21st century is anthropologically related. The associated effects are the variability of rainfall and cyclonic patterns that are being observed globally. The global circulation in terms of precipitation is an important element for the functionality of the Earth's system. It helps to regulate the temperature of the Earth by transporting heat from the tropics to the higher latitudes. However, this system is vulnerable to long-term temperature fluctuations, more commonly termed as climate change. Climate change is currently debated as an anthropologically enhanced phenomenon such as the burning of fossil fuel, excessive emission of greenhouse gases, and urbanization.


We evaluate and demonstrate finger, hand, and posture identification as keyboard shortcuts. By detecting the hand and finger used to press a key, and open or closed hand postures, a key press can have multiple command mappings. A formative study reveals performance and preference patterns when using different fingers and postures to press a key. The results are used to develop a computer vision algorithm to identify fingers and hands on a keyboard captured by a built-in lap top camera and reflector. This algorithm is built into a background service to enable system-wide finger-aware shortcut keys in any application. A controlled experiment uses the service to compare the performance of Finger-Aware Shortcuts with existing methods. The results show Finger-Aware Shortcuts are comparable with a common class of shortcuts using multiple modifier keys. Finally, application demonstrations illustrate different use cases and mappings for Finger-Aware Shortcuts and extend the idea to two-handed key presses, continuous parameter control, and menu selection.


To clarify the influence of air pollutants emitted from East Asia on the ozone air quality in Taiwan, this study performs a long-term simulation result for 4 months using Taiwan Air Quality Model. Influence from the current (2007) and future (2020) East Asian emissions on the ozone concentration in Taiwan were simulated. The date ranges simulated were February, May, August, and October of 2007, representing the seasons of winter, spring, summer, and autumn. Influence from transboundary transport on Taiwan was assessed based on simulations of these 4 months. The influence of transboundary transport on the monthly average of daily peak ozone concentrations in Taiwan is 15.5 ppb. Worst case scenarios in 2020 will contribute an additional 3.7 ppb. If the size of ozone pollution area (≧120 ppb) is considered, transboundary transport contributed to 72 % of the polluted area in 2007; the ozone pollution area in the worst case scenario in 2020 will further increase by 47 % from 2007 levels.


Shapes do not define a linear space. This paper explores the linear structure of deformations as a representation of shapes. This transforms shape optimization to a variant of optimal control. The numerical challenges of this point of view are highlighted and a novel linear version of the second shape derivative is proposed leading to particular algorithms of shape Newton type.


In this note some flaws in our recent paper by Mizuta and Shimomura (Math. Scand. 129 (2023), no.~2, 374--400) are corrected.


We report on electron emission and defect formation in the interaction between slow (v ≈ 0.3 v Bohr ) highly charged ions (SHCI) with insulating (type IIa) and semiconducting (type IIb) diamonds. Electron emission induced by 31 P q+ (q=5 to 13), and 136 Xe q+ (q=34 to 44) with kinetic energies of 9 kV × q increase linearly with the ion charge states, reaching over 100 electrons per ion for high xenon charge states without surface passivation of the diamond with hydrogen. Yields from both diamond types are up to a factor of two higher then from reference metal surfaces. Crater like defects with diameters of 25 to 40 nm are formed by the impact of single Xe 44+ ions. High secondary electron yields and single ion induced defects enable the formation of single dopant arrays on diamond surfaces.


Abstract Context Adrenal venous sampling (AVS) is the gold standard technique for subtype differentiation of primary aldosteronism (PA) and to obtain aldosterone and cortisol measurements; however, their secretion patterns show fluctuations during the day. Objective We aimed to examine the effects of AVS timing on AVS results. Methods This multicenter, retrospective, observational study included a total of 753 patients who were diagnosed with PA and underwent AVS in 4 centers in Japan. Among them, 504 and 249 patients underwent AVS in the morning (AM-AVS) and in the afternoon (PM-AVS), respectively. The outcome measures were the impact of AVS timing and hormone fluctuations in a day on AVS results. Results There were no differences in the success rate of AVS, diagnostic rate of disease type, or frequency of discrepancy in PA subtypes between the AM-AVS and PM-AVS groups. Regarding patients with unilateral PA, aldosterone concentrations in adrenal venous blood did not differ between the 2 groups on the dominant or nondominant side. Conversely, regarding patients with bilateral PA, aldosterone concentrations in adrenal venous blood were significantly higher in the AM-AVS than in the PM-AVS group. Conclusions The timing of AVS did not seem to have a significant impact on subtype diagnosis. The aldosterone levels in adrenal venous blood were significantly higher in patients with bilateral PA in the AM-AVS group, but there was no such difference between patients with unilateral PA in the AM-AVS and PM-AVS groups. Each subtype may have a different hormone secretion pattern in a day.


The objective of this article is to discuss the construction of media about aspects of the coverage of the wars in Korea (1950-53) and Vietnam in the so called "American Phase" (1964-73). It states that actually there are two wars: the first one representing the real one with casualties and violence, within military schemes, dangerous situations for both sides in the so called "operational theater" and the second is the one represented by the media, to be followed by the people. In other words, the "first war" builds the "second war" and the "second war" builds the "first war", in a double way relationship. The new technologies make the "second war" more complex as its representation draws it as near as possible to the "first war" and the effects on the public become more intense. The
presence of the television has also interfered in the war representations.


Teaching argumentation skills has been the focus of science education research which views argumentation instruction as a way to improve scientific reasoning skills in science classrooms. Argumentation research has mostly focused on examining the quality of classroom discourse in science classes, scaffolding student argumentation process, and in-service science teacher development of pedagogical skills related to argumentation. Yet, there is paucity of studies exist in the literature which has examined prospective science teacher development of argumentation skills. This study aims to reduce this gap in the argumentation literature. This study investigated prospective science teacher development of argumentation skills and conceptual knowledge, relationship between argumentation skills and conceptual knowledge, and the relation of argumentation and conceptual knowledge gains to prospective science teacher initial conceptual knowledge level in an undergraduate course where argumentation skills were incorporated to the science curriculum. Initially, data were collected from 125 students who were involved in an inquiry-based physics course at a midwestern university. Argumentation skills for the concepts of balancing and sinking and floating were assessed by the use of argumentation tests which were constructed for this study and administered four times during the course. In addition to written argumentation tests, argumentation discourse of one small group of students was audio-taped two times during the course. Physics conceptual knowledge was


Experimental observation of Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of photons inside a microcavity induced an extensive study of the phenomenon. Beyond the purely theoretical interest, this phenomenon is believed to be used to create a novel source of light. The shape of radiation spectrum is therefore the main characteristic of the system with light BEC as an optical device. However, until now, there were no detailed calculations of this property. In the present paper we derive analytically the shape of radiation spectrum and show that our results are in excellent agreement with existing experimental measurements.


During the mid-20th century, Mexico (and above all its capital city) represented one of the most prominent and productive geographical locations for international networks of leftwing politics, literature and arts outside the Soviet Union. The objective of this project is to establish the history of left-wing political exile in Mexico from the post-revolutionary period of Cardenismo into the Mexican "golden age" during the height of the Cold War as a prominent transnational arena for left-wing politics during the mid-20th century.


The satellite transition magic angle spinning (STMAS) experiment is a method of obtaining high-resolution NMR spectra of half-integer spin quadrupolar nuclei, such as 17O, 23Na, and 27Al, in solids. In this article, we review the major developments of the original experiment that have taken place since its introduction by Gan in 2000 (see Satellite Transition NMR Spectroscopy of Half-Integer Quadrupolar Nuclei under Magic-Angle Spinning). After a brief resume of how the basic experiment is performed, we discuss a method for removing the autocorrelation "diagonal" from the two-dimensional spectrum (DQF-STMAS), a version of the technique that self-compensates for deviation of the rotor axis from the magic angle (SCAM-STMAS), and an "ultrafast" STMAS experiment that allows a high-resolution spin I = 3/2 spectrum to be acquired in a single transient (STARTMAS). Next, we describe the unique sensitivity of the STMAS experiment to molecular-scale dynamics on the microsecond timescale and to third-order quadrupolar and second-order "cross-term" interactions involving the quadrupolar and dipolar or shielding interactions. Finally, we discuss the signal-to-noise advantage of STMAS (compared with the rival MQMAS method) and how this makes it particularly suitable for studying low-γ nuclei, such as 25Mg and 39K, and materials that can only be obtained in small quantities.

Keywords:

STMAS;
quadrupolar;
solid-state NMR;
high-resolution;
ultrafast acquisition


Malacca Sultanate period for the construction of Malay nationalism and alerts his readers to its charismatic qualities by comparing it with the Homeric period of classical Greece. As with the Homeric period, there are almost no archaeological remains in Malacca which can testify to a golden age, and Gullick recognizes that in each case the details of a glorious past have been transmitted through literary representations. As all Malaysian schoolchildren know from their history lessons, the story of the greatness of Malacca is told in two epic works - the seventeenth-century Sejarah Melayu (commonly referred to as The Malay Annals) and the slightly later classic named after its hero, the warrior and loyal subject, Hang Tuah. Like The Iliad and The Odyssey , these two Malay works are regarded both as literary classics1 and as sources of information about people and events in the distant past. As Gullick notes, the skilful literary representation of a glorious historical past can exert a powerful influence on later generations. This offers an appropriate point of entry into the subject of this article, the historical novel Panglima Awang [Captain Awang] by Harun Aminurrashid (1907-86), who was also aware that the Malacca period had a powerful hold on the Malay imagination.2 Harun's novel recreates events in the sixteenth century but also offers a radical social commentary on contemporary society. Gullick has been observing and analysing social history in Malaya/Malaysia since 1945 when he became involved in the election of the Undang of Jelebu.3 The following analysis of a Malay historical novel is offered to him in appreciation of the dedication, meticulous research and sensitive insights he has brought to the study of the Malay World.4


In this paper, we consider a dense vehicular communication network where each vehicle broadcasts its safety information to its neighborhood in each transmission period. Such applications require low latency and high reliability, and thus, we exploit non-orthogonal multiple access to reduce the latency and to improve the packet reception probability. In the proposed scheme, the BS performs semi-persistent scheduling and allocates time-frequency resources in a non-orthogonal manner while the vehicles autonomously perform distributed power control. We formulate the centralized scheduling and resource allocation problem as a multi-dimensional stable roommate matching problem and develop a novel rotation matching algorithm to solve it. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme outperforms the traditional orthogonal multiple access scheme in terms of the latency and reliability.


Modern customs administrations aim to both facilitate legal trade and combat fraud. To meet this dual objective, many customs administrations in developing countries must give risk management a highly prominent role. In this context of modernisation, this paper first provides stylised facts on the performance of the customs controls carried out at the Gabon border. Then, we compare Gabon′s granular import customs data with international trade statistics. Based on this comparison, we identify undetected fraud and present a methodology to target ex post audits. Finally, we define indicators to monitor the performance of customs valuation controls.


Abstract Let μ be a non-negative Radon measure on which satisfies only the polynomial growth condition. Let 𝒴 be a Banach space and H 1(μ) be the Hardy space of Tolsa. In this paper, the authors prove that a linear operator T is bounded from H 1(μ) to 𝒴 if and only if T maps all (p, γ)-atomic blocks into uniformly bounded elements of 𝒴; moreover, the authors prove that for a sublinear operator T bounded from L 1(μ) to L 1, ∞(μ), if T maps all (p, γ)-atomic blocks with p ∈ (1, ∞) and γ ∈ ℕ into uniformly bounded elements of L 1(μ), then T extends to a bounded sublinear operator from H 1(μ) to L 1(μ). For the localized atomic Hardy space h 1(μ), the corresponding results are also presented. Finally, these results are applied to Calderón–Zygmund operators, Riesz potentials and multilinear commutators generated by Calderón–Zygmund operators or fractional integral operators with Lipschitz functions to simplify the existing proofs in the related papers.


Negative Poisson's ratio honeycomb structure has unique mechanical properties. It has very good prospects for development. A mechanical model of star-shaped honeycomb structure is proposed and the mechanical properties of the model are derived. It can provide theoretical reference for engineering design of this kind of new structure.


In the beginning of this millennium the increasing level of work related illness was de-scribed, in the public debate, as one of the most serious and costly social problems of our times. An importa ...


The genus Pti l imnium, a native of the southeastern states, is composed of five species. Two of these were previously placed in Harperella because the plants bore phyllodes instead of finely dissected compound leaves. Invest igat ion shows tha t these "Harpere l la" species, P. nodosum and P. f luv~tile, have a haploid chromosome number of 6. P. capillaceum, P. nuttallii, and P. eostatum have haploid numbers of 7, 7, and 16, respectively. Seedling studies suppor t the thesis tha t these five species belong to the same genus. P. fluviatile and P. viviparum have been combined because of the lack of dist inguishing characters. Connecting links have been discovered between the seemingly isolated localities in the Potomac River val ley and nor thern Alabama. P. texense, a taxon of possible hybr id origin, needs fu r the r cytological clarification.


The aim of this research is to study how the approaches concerning crisis-management were prepared at each school. In this study, we analyzed the data collected in an in-service training of teachers held in Tsukuba. We found that the crisis-management to prevent impending risk in school tended to be more sufficiently prepared in elementary schools than in junior high schools. The reason of this result seems to be that elementary schools have younger students than junior high schools. Therefore, it is thought that the awareness for crisis-management of elementary schools tend to be higher than that of junior high schools. We also found that the approaches of crisismanagement concerning the prevention of risk and the aftercare for accidents were less prepared than those of emergency. In conclusion, it was recommended that improvement of the present crisis-management manual should be made taking the results obtained in the present study into consideration. Language: ja


Intrusion detection is a common and critical part of networks given the increasing severity and frequency of attacks on computer systems. Recently, information theoretic metrics have been used in intrusion detection to nd anomalies in trac that may indicate the presence of attacks and covert channels in the network. We develop a visualization that leverages information theoretic metrics such as entropy and conditional entropy to assist in intrusion detection, and we provide an interface through which a network administrator can distinguish between false positives and genuine attacks. We also contribute a new technique to dissect undocumented protocols and protocols without parser implementations so that they can also be analyzed in our visualization. We empirically evaluate our dissector and test our visualization in case studies using real-world data sets. We conclude that our protocol dissector can rapidly nd protocol boundaries with reasonable accuracy, and our visualization can help network administrators successfully identify and pinpoint attacks in large sets of network data.


Purpose – The purpose is: first to review the marketing segmentation literature and its antecedents; second, to evaluate the organizational practice of marketing segmentation in a specific commercial context noted for its dynamism and complexity, fashion retailing; third, to assess theoretical and practical implications; and finally to identify an agenda for future research.Design/methodology/approach – Through the analysis of an instrumental case study examining practice in fashion retailing this paper makes a contribution to current market segmentation debates. Sensemaking properties are used as a disciplined structure in which to report the case and make sense of segmentation.Findings – This research demonstrates that the definition and scope of market segmentation is broader than the current marketing literature suggests. In practice, based on evidence from this research, contemporary segmentation solutions include implicit assumptions, judgement and compressed experience, which are latent within the ...


This study aimed at recognizing the concept , reasons and impact of the global financial crisis on the competitive advantage and available liquidity of  the commercial banks in Jordan. The sample  consisted of  24 commercial banks in Jordan, while data was analyzed  by using SPSS Package. The study found that the global financial crisis ( the mortgage crisis) affected the competitive advantage and available liquidity of  the commercial banks in Jordan  . The study recommends making more efforts  to enhance  the credit measures , controls for the mortgage and  offering shares  to the stock exchange, transfer the Jordanian funds from outside to Jordan  in order to support the  liquidity  of the banking sector in Jordan , as well as the  extension of external  loans to the commercial banks in Jordan. Keywords : Financial Crisis,Commercial Banks, Jordan


The aims of this study were the analysis of the secondary metabolites and evaluation of the antibacterial and antifungal activity of Alternaria alternata . Twenty six bioactive compounds were identified in methanolic extract of Alternaria alternata . The identification of bioactive chemical compounds is based on the peak area, retention time molecular weight and molecular formula. GC-MS analysis of A. alternata revealed the existence of the α-acetyl L-serine, 2(5H)-furanone, 6-oxabicyclo[ 3.1.0]hexan-3-one, D-glucose,6-O-α-D GALACTOPYRANOSYL, DL-arabinose, ƹ-N-fommyl-Llysine, 2-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl) 1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid) (HEPES), thrietol, 2-O-heptyl, 2-deoxy-2- fluoro-1,6-anhydro s-d-glucopyranose, d-ribo-hexos-3-ulose, Α-D-glucopyranoside, O-α-Dglucopyranosyl-( 1.fwdarw.3)-s-D-fru, maltose, 4H-pyran-4-one,2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl, desulphosinigrin, uric acid, midazole-4-carboxylic acid, 2-fluoro-1-methoxymethyl-ethyl ester, geranyl isovalerate, 1-nitro-s-d-arabinofuranose, tetraacetate, glycyl-D-asparagine, α-D-xylofuranose, cyclic 1,2:3,5-bis(butylboronate), estra -1,3,5(10)-trien-17s-ol, glucobrassicin, N-2,4-Dnp-L-arginine, dasycarpidan-1-methanol, acetate(ester) and 5alpha androstane-3,17-monooxime. The fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis of A. alternata proved the presence of aromatic rings, aliphatic fluoro compounds, tetiary amine, C-N stretch, ammonium ions, organic nitrate, methylene-CH. asym, and normal polymeric O-H stretch which shows major peaks at 711.73, 846.57, 873.75, 1026.13, 1149.57, 1205.51, 1238.30, 1409.96, 1631.78, 2517.10, 2854.65, 2924.09, 3059.75 and 3271.27. A. alternate had maximum zone formation (5.04 ± 0.29) mm against Klebsiella pneumonia . Keywords: Alternaria alternata , bioactive compounds, gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS), fourier transform infrared (FTIR)


Objectives To investigate the management and outcome of distal femur fractures treated with retrograde nailing. Design Prospective. Setting Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, level I trauma center. Patients A consecutive series of 47 patients with 48 fractures of the distal femur (37 fractures AO type A and 11 fractures type C) operated on between May 1999 and June 2000. Outcome Measures Outcome was assessed by using standard radiographic criteria of time to union, incidence of infection, malunion, and knee function (Leung score). Results After an average time of 33 months (range 12–37 months), 44 patients were reexamined. Three patients were lost to follow-up. The average age was 44 years (range 17–92 years). Of patients, 19 sustained polytrauma, and 10 had associated soft tissue damage. A total of 34 patients underwent primary definitive osteosynthesis within 12 hours after trauma. All fractures healed after an average of 12.6 weeks (range 9–17 weeks). Seven complications were noted—three related to severity of injury (one deep venous thrombosis, two leg length shortenings of 1.5 cm and 2.5 cm) and four related to the operation (insufficient counterboring of the nail in two patients, one malreduction, one iatrogenic fracture of femur shaft). There was no relevant difference between type A and type C fractures in functional, clinical, or radiographic outcomes. Conclusions Retrograde nailing is recommended as an alternative method to plate osteosynthesis in stabilizing distal femoral fractures, particularly in type C fractures.


Gluconacetobacter xylinus (G.xylinus) is characterized by its capacity to synthesize cellulose. Some strains of this organism are also able to produce complex exopolysaccharides (EPSs). In this study, two different G.xylinus strains 23769 and 700178 were used to study the role of EPS on cellulose production. The structure and size of both the cellulose and EPS produced was characterized. In this study, we clarified that G.xylinus 23769 and 700178 can produce a highly crystalline EPS with large size when galactose served as an exclusive carbon source.


This chapter builds on the previous chapters to sketch the alternative paradigm of "open democracy." It first draws on a stylized contrast between Classical Athens and modern representative democracy. The chapter then theorizes a new model of democracy — open democracy — which layers new principles on top of the most normatively appealing ones found in the previous models, expanding the scope of some principles and occasionally replacing or reformulating others entirely. It goes on to offer a list of five core institutional principles. These include participation rights, deliberation, the majoritarian principle, democratic representation, and transparency. These principles are supposed to inform institutional design without over-determining it.


The current economic climate in the US threatens the well-being of CSHCN and their families and can inTHIS ARTICLE IS based on the authors' preconference presentations at the 2010 Society of Pediatric Nurses (SPN) National Convention in Orlando, FL (Society of Pediatric Nurses, 2010). In this article, the authors present overviews of (a) the impact of the economy on the management of children with special health care needs, (b) the manifestation of adolescent high-risk behaviors, and (c) the economics of natural disasters. crease the manifestation of adolescent risk behaviors. Impact of the Economy on Children With Special Health Care Needs


: Preparation of porous ceramics based on polyvinyl alcohol and clay has been carried out by using oil palm wood powder as a pore forming agent. Porous ceramics are made with a composition: 80% clay, 15% PVA and 5% oil palm wood powder. The size of the particles of palm oil wood powder is varied, namely 100, 150 and 200 mesh. The sintering process is carried out at a temperature of 1000 °C with a holding time of 2 hours. The chemical composition of clay is determined by EDX analysis. The porous ceramics produced were tested for porosity and hardness. The result shows that the particle size of oil palm wood powder is very influential on the hardness and porosity of the ceramic. The larger the mesh size of the particles of oil palm (the smaller the particle size) the higher the hardness of the ceramic, but the porosity is getting smaller.


(57) Abstract: without breaking the vacuum of the Objective vacuum vessel, effectively performing reinforcement of necks extending from the inner container. [Configuration] necks 14a extends from the top wall 14c of the liquid helium tank housed in a vacuum container, the neck tube reinforcing structure in a cryostat 10 in which the flange portion 14b of the upper end is joined to the flange portion 21b of the vacuum container side. The top wall 1 The female screw member 50 is fixed to the rear surface of 4c, against the lid plate 54 on the flange portion 14b, it is connected by a connecting shaft 52 that is inserted both into the necks 14a. By the nut 56 is mounted, tightening it to the threaded portion 52b formed on the upper end of the connecting shaft 52, the female screw member 50 and the cover plate 54 Give the direction of the tensile force to approach both between and.


The objective of this project was to explore human computer interaction issues related to mobile computing as well as document the differences in programming on the Apple iPhone™ and Google Android™. The solution code allowed users to select a colour they wish to reproduce on a theatre stage with both intelligent lights and near-matches from a dataset of available coloured filters. Two interface prototypes were created for the two mobile devices along with an independent solution comprising of Python code and a comma-separated value dataset of theatre gels. Testing of the Python code was completed at the New Theatre Royal, Portsmouth. In conclusion, the Apple and Google operating systems are compared and a reflective report suggests what further action could be taken to produce a full working system.


Collision-induced fragmentation of N{sub 2} was investigated for 2-MeV C{sup +} ions under charge-changing conditions of C{sup +{yields}}C{sup q+} (q=0,2,3). Coincidence measurement of fragment ions was performed by means of a momentum three-dimensional imaging technique at scattering angles of {theta}=0 and 1.0 mrad. Kinetic-energy release (KER) obtained for a fragmentation channel of N{sub 2}{sup 2+{yields}}N{sup +}+N{sup +} was found to differ significantly in electron loss and capture collisions. In two-electron-loss collisions (C{sup +{yields}}C{sup 3+}), KER spectra were essentially identical for {theta}=0 and 1.0 mrad. It is concluded that the energy level of dissociating excited states of N{sub 2}{sup 2+} may be saturated when the interaction strength, defined as (q/vb), exceeds 0.65, where q and v are the charge and the velocity, respectively, of an incident ion, and b is the impact parameter.


A total of 37 species of stomatopods belonging
to the family Squillidae are known to occur in the
seas around India of which, 17 species are recorded
from Chennai coast. While observing the routine
trawl landings at Kasimedu Fisheries Harbour, on
20th September 2012, two specimens of
stomatopods, which differed from the usual species
landed were collected (Fig. 1 & 2). On close
examination, they were identified as Carcinosquilla
multicarinata (White, 1848) and Clorida latreillei
(Eydoux & Souleyet, 1841). The total length of the
former species was 105 mm and the latter 96 mm.
Both the specimens were females and hauled from
a depth of 40 m off Chennai.


The electric resistivity method was applied to investigate the under ground water around the Kucuk Melen river in Yorukler Beci provision of Duzce in the University campus. This study includes the measures of vertical electric sounding (VES) that apply Schlumberger electrode system. The study area is situated near the small Melen River out of the border of Duzce University campus. Study area is situated at the place of alluvial deposits near the in the bed of Kucuk Melen River in campus area which have approximately 40 m deep (5-10 lt/sn) and 2 drilling well and water tank. The amount of water was investigated to be increased or not, drilling new wells or increasing the depth of wells around the present well to supply increasing necessity of in sufficient amount of drinking or utilization water in return increasing population of University. The data were collected from four locations and evaluated. It was understood that there are sandy gravelly layer between and 60-256 Ώm changes at the lowest bottom layer and sandy gravelly layer between 112-1695 Ώm and 48-60 under the cover layer changes respectively


Abstract One question left unanswered by the 2015 Paris Agreement is exactly how the world will meet the daunting technological challenges that lie ahead. This article proposes a global strategy to build up human capital oriented towards two bodies of knowledge: alternative, non-fossil systems of energy generation, delivery and consumption; and a deeper understanding of climate systems that might be geoengineered to reduce atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. Simply committing funding to climate technology is insufficient; a global climate technology policy must take into account the unique growth properties of human capital, and the conditions under which it can grow. Human capital should be the focus of an international climate agreement for three reasons. Firstly, the wrong kind of human capital (attached to fossil fuel-related methods of energy generation and consumption) has helped to create an unfavourable political economy for climate policy. Secondly, the right kind of human capital (broader, and building on fundamental understandings of energy systems and climate systems) can create a more favourable political economy for climate policy. Thirdly, the technological changes needed for both mitigation and geoengineering technologies are so profound that a human capital stock must be developed with a conscious focus on radical technological change that can be delivered quickly. While individual countries may pursue an enlightened human capital policy on their own, cooperation at the international level would maximize the scale economies of inventive effort.


Based on the relativity of the concept of cybersecurity, this article analyzes the economic impact of cybersecurity breaches, identifies cybersecurity as a private good that should be provided mainly by the private sector. However, public provision is also necessary when severe security breaches occur and liability mechanisms should be triggered.


Radiotherapy, one of the techniques used to treat cancer, can be divided into conventional (gamma and electrons) and heavy charged particles radiotherapy. The latter, realized mainly with proton or carbon nuclei, has been highly anticipated due to its dose deposition profile characterized by a high deposition region at a particular depth the Bragg Peak. Dose deposition profile affects the risk to the surrounding healthy tissues and the existence of a Bragg Peak allows to increase the dose in the target region, whilst minimizing the dose to surrounding healthy tissues, reducing the risk of the technique. The control and monitoring of the Bragg Peak location can further increase the precision of the treatment. One way to perform this monitoring is to measure the prompt-gamma detected perpendicular to the incident proton beam. For that purpose, a detector with a GSO scintillator crystal connected to a SiPM is being studied. A set of blades in front of the sensor will act as a collimator to ensure that only perpendicular photons to the sensor are detected. Currently SiPM coupled to GSO crystals time and amplitude response are being studied to design a DAQ for the full prototype with a number of sensors in the order of magnitude of 100.


Bandaranaike International Airport (BIA) is the main and the busiest airport in Sri Lanka. There are twenty-six airlines in the airport to get the airport and aviation services from the Airport and Aviation Services (Sri Lanka) Ltd (AASL) which provides lots of services to both passengers and airlines within the airport and the owner of the space and fixed structures of the airport. Airport is the place where connects the country with the world by air. When passengers arrived to a country Airport is the first place helps them to make a picture about the country whether it is good or bad. As well as there are transit and transfer passengers within the sector who get the facilities. Lots of countries use the facilities given to passengers in the terminal building to attract them into the country. Therefore, making a good perception on the facilities at the airport helps to attract more tourists into the country. The objective of this research is to measure the passenger satisfaction level about the existing facilities of the terminal building which are provided to departure, arrival, transit and transfer passengers at BIA. A questionnaire survey has been conducted for collecting the data. Both the graphical data presentation (specially bar charts) and mathematical applications are used to analyze the data.


In this paper, TTSP is used to demonstrate that the aging characteristic quantity at high temperature accords with that at low temperature, and to predict the residual life of shipboard cable. The aging process of cable is described based on second order dynamic model. The method is proved effective by the experimental data, and provides theoretical bases for residual life of cable and cable anti-aging study under the influence of multi-factors.


Through the analysis of problems existing in hospital cost management, the article put forward the management thought of integrating cost, quality and performance which can settle the difficulties in hospital cost control for long term and the abuse of being unable to unify economy,quality and performance in traditional hospital management pattern. At last, it offers the implement steps of integrating cost、quality and performance.


Manybacteria and fungi produce a variety of extracellular enzymes, some of which are of industrial importance. However, relatively little is knownconcerning yeast secretable proteins. We have developed the ability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells to secrete proteins extracellularly,1~4) since it is an important organism in food processing and the brewing industry. Most yeasts secrete no proteolytic activity into the culture medium, as S. cerevisiae does not, while we have found that the yeast Saccharomycopsisfibuligera produces an acid protease extracellularly. Recently, we cloned a


Due to the increased world‐wide threat to health from air pollution, as well as the need for personalized diagnostic and physiological monitoring of exhaled breath, flexible gas sensor nodes have become an emerging area of critical importance for wearable electronics applicable. In this study, WO3−δ films are prepared on flexible substrates at room temperature using a single‐step, solid‐state deposition, granule spray in vacuum (GSV) process. The GSV‐WO3−δ films are successfully utilized to fabricate an ultrasensitive flexible gas sensor. The performance of the sensor can be enhanced by its increased surface area and large number of defect sites on the surface utilizing high‐impulse hollow sphere granules. The gas sensor is extremely responsive and selective to low concentration of NO2. The gas‐sensing responses are linear for the concentrations ranging from sub‐ppm to tens of ppm with detection limit of 1.88 (±0.128) for NO2. The response time is on the order of few seconds for gas detection (17 s) and recovery (25 s). Beyond this sensing performance, the GSV‐WO3−δ film is highly advantageous in terms of production cost and time for the realization of mass production of flexible sensing devices, compared to conventional gas sensors that require high‐cost and time‐consuming processes.


Background & Aims: 1.The primary objective of the present study wasto compare anaesthetic efficacy of dexmedetomidine versus fentanyl in terms of : Perioperative hemodynamics, Propofol consumption, Requirment of Rescue analgesia and also to compare postoperative analgesia and sedation between the two while the secondary objective was to assess any undesirable side effects if any 2. Methods: The present study was a prospective, randomized, double blind study conducted on 60 patients of American Society of Anesthesiologists ASA I&II aged between 20-60 years undergoing elective laproscopic surgeries. Patients were divided in two groups. GroupD received Dexmedetomidine 1mcg/kg loading dose over 10 min, followed by 0.5 µg/kg/hr continous infusion &GroupF received fentanyl 2 µg/kg bolus followed by 0.5 µg/kg/hr by continous infusion. Target controlled infusion (TCI) Propofol infusion was given to achieve target site concentration of 3-4 µg/kg in both groups. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP),systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, percentage saturation of oxygen (Spo2), bispectral index monitoring (BIS) were recorded at induction,intubation, at pneumoperitoneum, 5 min, 15 min, 30 min, 45 min, 60 min, 120 min, 180 min & at extubation.Adverse haemodynamic events were noted. Results: Group D showed significant fall in HR, BP whereas it remained constantly high in Group F. Total mean requirement of propofol, in Group D patients was found to be 57.99% lower than GroupF. Requirement of rescue analgesia in form of opioid was significantly less in Group D 18% as compared to 30% in Group F. Post-operative analgesia requirement was earlier in group F. Sedation scores were higher in group D at all time points. Patients had bradycardia and hypotension in Group D. Postoperative nausea vomiting (PONV) was 3 times lower in Group D. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine is better adjuvant compared to fentanyl when combined with target-controlled infusion of propofol. Iteffectively blunts various stress responses during surgery and maintains hemodynamic stability,reducespropofol requirements, provides better analgesia with few side effects.


— Pasundan Delivery Services (PDS) is a delivery services provider that using motorcycle to provide delivery solutions for Bandung people in effective and efficient time. The firm operates the order through smartphone and social media. Such lucrative demand leads the firm to formulate a strategy to reach more costumers among existing competitors to win the competition as the future leader. Formulation of strategic management involves a small team discussion group as the management of PT. Wahana Bumi Raya (WBR), observations and employee sharing during evaluation. The methodology was undertaken based on the strategic management framework through Scanning external environment and internal organization. This phase identifies possible opportunities and threats and the firm's internal environment for strengths and weaknesses. It resulted several business strategy formulation that are corporate growth level and business level strategy as the competitive strategy considering its two major services, e.g., dine - in services to reach more costumers handling by using smartphone device, and migration into hotline costumer care as the best selection plan, and then cargo and document delivery services to deliver the goods and document across Indonesia, however, to succeed the strategy chosen, it needs both cooperation with external partnership. For the implementation phase, it used Balanced Scorecard as performance measurement system. An interactive management system for strategy execution consisted of implementation model, gap analysis between current situation and desired objective. The performance measurement is aimed to be an interactive management system for strategy execution. It resulted that each perspectives has objective to create the KPI management and deploy the programs as retention program for loyal customers as marketing and promotion strategy, and finally, its general objective is to reach a positive EVA.


A summary is presented of a study of the effects that an increase in legal truck limits would have on highway geometric design elements and of the cost implications should various segments of the Texas highway system require redesign and modification to facilitate their safe and efficient operation. The paper includes (a) a review of past and current research concerning the effects of a possible change in legal vehicle dimensions and weights on the geometric design elements of rural roads, (b) an identification of those geometric elements most affected by a change in truck dimension and weight, (c) an assessment of the effects a change in legal truck size and weight will have on these geometric design elements for a variety of operating conditions, and (d) an estimate of the cost required to redesign and modify the highway section. (Authors)


Previous studies found calcium channel blockers could prevent pancreatic cancer, but have neglected to consider the effects of short-acting CCBs.


This captivating bestseller by a clergyman and leader of the Palestine Christian community examines the problems and prospects for Palestinians, Jews, and Christians in the Middle East.


The MOS transistor (14) is formed on the semiconductor substrate (11), was further subjected to steps up to implantation of W plugs (24), the entire surface Ir film (25a), IrO In this case, it relates to the composition of the PZT film (26), an excess amount of Pb against Zr amount and Ti amount. Next, Ir film (25a), after processing the IrO As a result, Ir diffused into the PZT film (26) is to set the grain boundaries of the interface and the PZT film (26) in the IrO


Ionic liquids (ILs) are introduced to improve the production of palm oil in industry in order to extract more thus lowering the oil losses. The main objective of this study is to investigate the potential of sulfate-based ILs in dissolving palm fruit cellulose. The interpretation study was done in lab scale by dissolving cellulose (that directly extracted from palm fruit) in ILs and percentage of cellulose dissolved is calculated based on weight percentage dissolved. The highest average percentage dissolving of cellulose was 10.67 wt% with condition concentration of sulfate-based ILs is 9000 ppm and the mixing time was two hours. In a nutshell, the higher concentration of ILs and more mixing time will achieve higher percentage of cellulose dissolved.


Most of the existing connected vehicle (CV)-based traffic control models require a critical penetration rate. If the critical penetration rate cannot be reached, then data from traditional sources (e.g., loop detectors) need to be added to improve the performance. However, it can be expected that over the next 10 years or longer, the CV penetration will remain at a low level. This paper presents a real-time detector-free adaptive signal control with low penetration of CVs ( ≤ 10%). A probabilistic delay estimation model is proposed, which only requires a few critical CV trajectories. An adaptive signal control algorithm based on dynamic programming is implemented utilizing estimated delay to calculate the performance function. If no CV is observed during one signal cycle, historical traffic volume is used to generate signal timing plans. The proposed model is evaluated at a real-world intersection in VISSIM with different demand levels and CV penetration rates. Results show that the new model outperforms well-tuned actuated control regarding delay reduction, in all scenarios under only 10% penetrate rate. The results also suggest that the accuracy of historical traffic volume plays an important role in the performance of the algorithm.


1 Czech Technical University, FNSPE, Brehova 7, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic 2 P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of RAS, Leninskyi Ave. 53, 119 991 Moscow, Russia 3 Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, 23 Hery St., 00-908 Warsaw, Poland 4 Troitsk Institute of Innovation and Thermonuclear Research, 142 190 Troitsk, Russia 5 Institute of Physics, AS CR, Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Prague 8, Czech Republic 6 University of St. Andrews, School of Chemistry, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, Scotland, UK 7 Warsaw University of Technology, ICS, 15 Nowowiejska St., Warsaw, Poland 8 Institute of Plasma Physics, AS CR, Za Slovankou 3, 182 21Prague 8, Czech Republic


DEAR EDITOR, Delusional infestation (DI) is a psychiatric disorder manifesting in an unshakeable, false belief of being infested with living or inanimate particles on the skin. This disorder incorporates dermatological and psychological components, and is defined as a delusional disorder (somatic type) by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (F22.0). DI is a rare condition that is well recognized but often difficult to manage. The prevalence is 17 cases per million, affecting women more than men, with a mean age of 57 years. Primary DI is defined as a persistent delusional disorder lasting for at least 1 month. Secondary DI can arise from medical or psychiatric disorders, substance misuse or prescribed medication. Other studies have suggested that illicit drugs such as amphetamines, cocaine and cannabinoids, and prescribed antibiotics, steroids and dopaminergic agents, may be involved in the aetiology of DI. A more comprehensive list can be found in Table 1. Our psychodermatology clinic uses psychological and psychiatric techniques to treat disorders such as DI. Second-generation antipsychotics, such as risperidone, are used in conjunction with dermatological treatment and have been successfully used in our clinic. The effectiveness of D2 dopamine antagonists in DI treatment suggests dysfunction of the dopaminergic system. An excess of substances that interfere with the dopamine transporter may predispose patients to DI. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of iatrogenic medication causing secondary DI in a psychodermatology clinic in the U.K. Overall, 86 successive patients with DI who were diagnosed between 1 March 2012 and 1 March 2015 were identified using our database. Mean patient age was 56 years (range 23– 87) and 50 female patients were identified (male/female ratio, 1 : 1 4) (Fig. 1). Of the 86 patients with DI, six patients (7%) were identified as receiving medication known to cause secondary DI. Four of these six patients were receiving iatrogenic opiates, one patient had Parkinson disease (PD) and was being treated with ropinirole (dopamine receptor agonist) and one patient was receiving benzodiazepines for anxiety. For this iatrogenic cohort the mean age was 52 years (range 38–80), the majority (83%) were younger than 60 years old and there was a female preponderance (2 : 1). There was no significant difference in the ethnicity of this group compared with the overall DI cohort. The past medical histories of these six patients cumulatively amounted to 19 different conditions. These complaints were varied and involved both acute and chronic conditions. Importantly, no patient had experienced symptoms of DI prior to commencing their medication. When ropinirole was stopped for one patient, the DI symptoms disappeared. It was not possible to stop the opiates and benzodiazepines for our other patients, but the temporal proximity of commencing opiates in higher doses and the establishment of DI, we believe, indicates likely causation. We aimed to stop the opiates and benzodiazepines to test this theory, but were clinically unable to do so (Fig. 1). A similar retrospective study from the Mayo Clinic in the U.S.A. showed comparable data to this study, finding that 5 4% of patients were taking prescribed medications that have been associated with delusional states, compared with 7% found in this study. Importantly, we found that many more patients had developed DI secondary to iatrogenic opiates than in the Mayo


Abstract Present work describes the T3P® mediated one pot four component reaction between 2-aminoacetamide, methylene-active carbonyl compounds, S8 and isothiocyantes in synthesizing 1-(3-cyanothiophen-2-yl)-3-phenylureas. The strategy developed here comprises Gewald reaction followed by the T3P intervened unique intra-molecular rearrangement. The novel and eco-friendly route achieved here is operationally facile and offers versatile 1-(3-cyanothiophen-2-yl)-3-phenylureas, which are expected to show good biological activities. Graphical Abstract


The vehicle sliding door is disclosed. A vehicle sliding door in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention is composed of an auxiliary rail that is configured along a lower end of the center rail, and a center rail is configured along the longitudinal direction of the car body to the outer surface of the vehicle body rear side inner panel rail unit, and a vehicle body the inner surface I, which is wound around the front pulley and the rear pulley, and the front pulleys and the rear pulleys consisting, respectively in the rear consists of a wire that moves by a driving force of the drive motor drive unit, a sliding movement on the center rail in the rear side inner panel a possibly installed state, is connected to both ends of the wire are fixed one to the roller bracket and a roller bracket moving along the center rail by the driving force of the drive motor as including a door operating sliding with respect to the vehicle body, a center rail, made straight portion formed along a front end portion and curved portion, the side of the vehicle body and then, The front-ends of the wire pulley portion corresponding to the curved inner side of the center rail such that each connected to the upper and lower sides on the vertical line of the rear roller bracket is mounted to the inner surface of the front side of the vehicle body rear side inner panel.


The most important element of Wireless Sensor Networks technologies is energy efficiency. When we design network protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks, we should consider duplicate messages. We can achieve the goal of energy efficiency as reducing duplicate packets. Directed Diffusion is one of the energy efficient routing protocols. It selects one reinforced path from source to destination and then forward data packets through that route instead of forwarding broadcast packets. But it doesn¿t worry about available energy of each sensor nodes. Sensor nodes have not enough energy. It allows nodes stop more quickly as using only the fastest path. It cause unbalanced life cycle of the nodes. Consequently, we need to consider available energy of sensor nodes. In this paper we propose EADD: Energy Aware Directed Diffusion for Wireless Sensor Networks. This scheme changes the node¿s forwarding moment that depends on each node¿s available energy. EADD allows the nodes to response more quickly than the nodes which have lower available energy. This scheme is very simple so that it can be adapted to any forwarding strategies for routing protocols of wireless sensor networks. EADD is helpful to achieve balanced nodes¿ energy distribution and extension of network life cycle.


The potent aromatase inhibitor [14C]Fadrozole (1), was prepared in a single radiosynthetic step via a palladium(0)-catalyzed cyanation of the imidazole-containing aryl iodide 2b with [14C]KCN. Attempted preparation of 2b by metal-halogen interchange of the corresponding aryl bromide 2a with tert-butyl lithium followed by quenching with iodine afforded only the imidazole iodide 5 via disproportionation of the intermediate anion. The desired precursor was finally synthesized through a three-step sequence beginning with the alkylation of known imidazole derivative 8 with 4-iodobenzylbromide. This alkylation product was treated with thionyl chloride to convert a side chain hydroxyl to its corresponding primary chloride 10. Cyclization of chloride 10 using LDA/TMEDA gave the desired aryl iodide 2b. While initial attempts at the palladium(0)-catalyzed cyanation of 2b with unlabelled KCN in THF at reflux gave modest yields of Fadrozole, the reaction with [14C]KCN afforded only trace amounts of [14C]Fadrozole. By including Copper(I) iodide as a co-catalyst and using deoxygenated THF, the palladium(0)-catalyzed cyanation of 2b gave [14C]Fadrozole in 39% radiochemical yield with >99% radiochemical purity. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The knowledge of the stress{strain{temperature distribution ahead of the notch in impact Charpy V specimen is a key issue in modelling fracture toughness. In this study an attempt is made to compare the plastic strain distribution ahead of the notch root either experimentally or numerically . The experimental measurements rely on a calibration curve obtained by a recrystallization technique and the measurement of recrystallized grain size in the vicinity of a Charpy V{notch. The numerical calculations were made by F.E. method using 2D and 3D simulations, and isothermal/adiabatic conditions. An original constitutive equation taking into account the various domains of strain rate sensitivity is presented. A satisfactory agreement is observed between experimental and calculated notch strain distribution. INTRODUCTION Charpy V{notch impact test is certainly the most convenient and hence the most widely used method to determine fracture properties of steels. Usual informations derived from this test are the total energy absorbed to fracture and the variation of ductile{brittle transition temperature with various parameters including the e ect of irradiation on pressurized water reactor (PWR) steel. However in spite of the numerous studies devoted to this test method the complexity of the loading conditions as well as contact conditions between the specimen and the supports still explains the lack of basic understanding of the measured values. The need for further studies to obtain fracture toughness data from tests on Charpy specimens is clear. In particular the application of the local approach of fracture to Charpy test requires a good knowledge of the stress{strain eld ahead of the notch root. A number of studies have already been devoted to this topic (see e.g. [1, 2]). The aim of the present study is to contribute to a further understanding of the thermomechanical conditions prevailing in the notch tip process zone. This contribution includes both an experimental part on the measurement of notch plastic strains and a numerical part on the calculation of the notch stress{strain state using a constitutive equation developed for this purpose and F.E. simulations. This study was performed on A508 (16MND5) steel (C=0.16, Mn=1.33, Ni=0.76, Mo=0.51) which bainitic steel measured at room temperature are : Y=480 MPa, UTS=615 MPa. MEASUREMENT OF NOTCH ROOT PLASTIC STRAINS In the present study a recrystallization technique similar to that previously used by Shoji [3] and Lautridou [4] was applied to measure plastic strain at the notch root of a Charpy specimen. This method is based on the direct relationship between recristallized grain size and plastic strain in a given material. Tensile tests were carried out at di erent temperatures under quasi{static conditions ( _ " 0.0005 s ). These tests were interrupted before fracture in order to measure grain size as a function of the local plastic strain determined in the neck of the tensile specimen. After deformation, the specimens were recristallized at 695 C for 4 hours. The mean grain size d was measured on longitudinal sections while the local plastic strain "p was measured as "p = 2ln 0 , where and 0 are the actual and initial diameter of the smooth specimen, respectively. The results shown in gure 1, obtained on 3 specimens, indicate that the mean grain size is a decreasing function of applied plastic strain. In addition a threshold "p 25% is noted below which no recrystallization is obtained at least under the conditions used in the present study. The results shown in gure 1 are used as a calibration curve to assess the plastic strain ahead of the notch tip of a Charpy specimen.


Objective To develop an electrode / cap for long-term monitoring of head electrical impedance tomography(EIT). Methods The electrode / cap was made of elastic tape with electrode performance test and intracranial blood distribution monitoring. Results There was no discomfort and displacement during 3-h trial. Conclusion The electrode can be used to monitor head EIT.


For the control system of the new FAIR accelerator facility a standard equipment controller, the Scalable Control Unit (SCU), is presently under development. First prototypes have already been tested in real applications [1]. The controller combines an x86 COM Express TM Board and an Altera Arria TM II FPGA. Over a parallel bus interface called the SCU bus, up to 12 slave boards can be controlled. Communication between CPU and FPGA is done by a PCIe link. We discuss the real time behaviour between the Linux OS and the FPGA Hardware. For the test, a Front-End Software Architecture (FESA) class, running under Linux, communicates with the PCIe bridge in the FPGA. Although we are using PCIe only for single 32 bit wide accesses to the FPGA address space, the performance still seems sufficient. The tests showed an average response time to IRQs of 50 μs with a 1.6 GHz Intel Atom CPU. This includes the context change to the FESA user space application and the reply back to the FPGA. Further topics are the bandwidth of the PCIe link for single/burst transfers and the performance of the SCU bus communication. DESCRIPTION OF THE SCU • SCUB connections with LVDS and PCIe – strict Master/Slave bus – 16Bit data bus, 16Bit address bus – in addition serial LVDS and PCIe channels • COM ExpressTM module Type II with Intel Atom • 32Mbyte Parallel Flash • RJ45 Gigabit Ethernet from COM ExpressTM module • two SFP connectors – Timing (White Rabbit over GbE)


Students from low-income families are disproportionately assigned to special education programs. The Aspen Institute releases a new report offering six recommendations for supporting students' social, emotional, and cognitive growth. Teachers who promote products on social media need to be aware of ethical questions about the practice. NPR is holding a competition for student podcasters. A study shows schools of choice are less likely to respond to inquiries from parents of children with special needs.


Executive Summary Addressing large scale challenges such as climate change and healthcare reform is daunting; addressing them simultaneously is a unique opportunity. Healthcare is tasked simultaneously with: • transitioning from volume-based care to value-based care, • improving the built environment of care, • decreasing our green house gas emissions, • increasing our facilities' resilience to extreme events and emergencies, and • addressing climate change's impact on individuals and communities, THE defining public health threat of the century. In this context, it becomes far more important to control the 1-3% of budget hospitals typically spend on energy.


We present a detailed study of the generation of photon pairs by spontaneous four-wave mixing in a structure composed of two linearly uncoupled resonators, where energy can be transferred from one resonator to another only through a nonlinear interaction. Specifically, we consider the case of two racetrack-shaped resonators connected by a coupler designed to guarantee that the resonance comb of each resonator can be tuned independently, and to allow the nonlinear interaction between modes that belong to different combs. We show that such a coupler can be realized in at least two ways: a directional coupler or a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. For these two scenarios, we derive analytic expressions for the pair generation rate via single-pump spontaneous four-wave mixing, and compare these results with that achievable in a single ring resonator.


This article is based on a research aiming to study the street vendors' social movement in the city of Bandar Lampung, particularly in Bambu Kuning market, by using the Marxist conflict perspective. The Bandar Lampung municipal policy to sweep the street vendors has caused them to resist. This research is qualitative, using observation technique, participative observation, in-depth interviews, and library research for data collecting. There are five important discoveries in the research; 1) street vendors movement, in Marxist conflict perspective, is a resistant act both openly and closely or latent. 2) Sweeps by Bandar Lampung municipality, which is based on public agreement on certain values such as bylaws Perda No 8 Tahun 2000 which aims at the street vendors, is a form of hegemony. 3) Movement by the street vendors, both openly and latently, which is perceived as a resistance in this research, is a counter hegemony. 4) Hegemony, resistance, negotiation, and compromise are indispensable things in a conflict between the ruling class and the subject class. 5) In Bambu Kuning market, there are people who control the street vendors as well as subordinated by the Bandar Lampung municipality. They are the market thugs usually called preman. Their position in the Bambu Kuning case is in "grey area" or not clear; representing none of both the street vendors and the municipality. Key words: social movement , street vendors , hegemony , resistance


The present study was conducted to attempt at improving Speaking skill through Know, Want, and Learned (KWL) strategy to the students of English Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Mahasaraswati Denpasar. The present classroom action study was basically triggered by the fact that the subjects under study still faced problem in speaking skill. The present classroom action study made use of pre-test and post-test research design with descriptive and quantitative analysis. The grand mean figures for cycle I and cycle II showed the significantly increasing mean figures. The significant difference mean figure further suggests that cycle II was more effective than cycle I. The results of the analysis of the questionnaire scores clearly showed the subjects' attitudes and motivation in improving speaking skill through KWL strategy.


Objective:To investigate the expressions and clinical significance of MMP–7 and COX-2 in osteosarcoma.Methods: Immunohistochemical staining method was used to evaluate the expressions of MMP-7 and COX-2 in 50 osteosarcoma specimens and 20 osteochondroma specimens,the relationship between the expression of MMP-7 and COX-2 and the clinicopathologic characteristics were analyzed.Results: The positive rates of MMP-7 and COX-2 were 80 %(40/ 50) and 70 %(35/ 50) in osteosarcoma,and 25%(5/ 20) and 30 %(6/ 20) in osteochondroma,respectively.The expressions of MMP-7 and COX-2 were significantly higher in osteosarcoma than those in osteosarcoma(P0.01).The positive rate of MMP-7 and COX-2 were closely related with Enneking clinical staging.There was significant diference in the positive rate between stage Ⅱb and stageⅢ in osteosarcoma(P0.01).Conclusion: MMP-7 and COX-2 may be the potential markers for tumorgenesis and progress of osteosarcoma.


A Gleitstutzstruktur comprises: a support member and a shaft member which rotates relatively with respect to the supporting member, wherein lubricating oil is supplied to the region between a sliding surface of the shaft member and a slide surface of the support member, the support member has a sliding surface portion, corresponding to a load concentration section has, between the shaft member and the support member and wherein Gleitflachenregionen that have a stronger oil repellency than the sliding surface portion are respectively provided on upstream and downstream sides of the Gleitflachenabschnitts in a flow direction of the lubricating oil.


In this paper, we focus on the trajectory optimization of upper limb rehabilitation robot for stroke patients. It is essential to balance the effectiveness and the comfort in guaranteeing the rehabilitation efficacy. According to the actual condition of stroke patients, the human engineering index, smoothness index, minimum energy criterion index, pain index and rehabilitation index are considered as key issues of a multi-objective problem. Then the artificial immune genetic algorithm is used to optimize the problem. In order to ensure the population diversity, a niche evolution algorithm is applied to prevent premature convergence effectively. It is shown by simulations that a fast convergence to global optimum and a smooth trajectory could be gotten via the immune algorithm. Velocity and acceleration curves are stable and without saltation, which meets the standards of upper limb movement characteristics.


The following sections are included:Country BackgroundEconomic Structure of PeruFamily GroupsAssessment of Competitiveness in the Retail and Financial IndustriesCompetitiveness and the Financial and Insurance System MetricsEndnotes


The transformation of requirements specification into an architectural design has been a crucial endeavor for the information systems analysis and design community, with ever-new challenges to tackle. Despite the wide and diverse existing proposals, the lack of a common structure and use of different strategies makes it close to impossible to analyze or compare these approaches. Therefore, the use of model-based methods benefits from a detailed specification in order to support their analysis and evolution, also in comparison to other approaches. Following work on the derivation of a logical architecture from business-process use-cases requirements in a service-oriented approach, the authors propose a detailed specification, within a SPEM approach, of a transformation method, which they further analyze and refurbish in order to meet current and future challenges.


Conventional nonvolatile memories such as Flash and EEPROM memory have successfully evolved toward high density and low cost. Especially, the market and density of flash memories has grown rapidly which leads semiconductor technology. However, there have been concerns about whether this successful progress can be maintained in the future nano era and can satisfy the requirement of diversified future IT market. Flash memories have the advantage of high density with small cell size and by contraries the disadvantage of slow writing speed and limited endurance. This slow writing speed and limited endurance is not aligned with the trend of high speed and reliability for future semiconductor memories. The future for these conventional nonvolatile memories forces many research groups and companies to develop alternative memories with ideal memory characteristics such as non-volatility, high density, high speed, and low power, which none of the conventional memories can satisfy at the same time. In this article, I will evaluate the characteristics of future nonvolatile memories such as ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM), magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM) and phase change random access memory (PRAM). These memories have been recently evaluated because of the possibility that they can overcome the challenges that conventional memories are facing. Finally we will review critical technology barriers in developing future memory and predict the promising technology to overcome the barriers in conventional and emerging new memories, which will be technology guidelines for future memory development.


Shakespeare's plays present the traumatic memory of his time by the employment of dramatic devices and language.As trauma cannot be felt by conventional grammar or narrated,the plays thereby act as the script for trauma,performing itself on the stage.By depicting a series of traumatic personalities,Shakespeare reveals to us the psychological reality of characters'alienation from space,time and the ego.This study attempts to approach Shakespeare's plays by way of his representation of traumatic memory,aiming at restoring a complete picture of the time.


Andrea Douglas and Susan Treloar describe how a study of 4000 women with endometriosis could pinpoint the genes responsible for the disease and lead to effective treatments.


The inclusion of link statistics for the attenuation into antenna gain optimization can improve the link by several dB over the traditional approach of optimizing for uniform gain over the coverage region. The method hinges on the ability of predicting the attenuation for a given service availability at any point within the coverage. A further advantage is obtainable if the increase in noise temperature at the ground terminal due to the rain attenuation is also included. The present example considers a static antenna design in which the attenuation function is derived based on the worst-month performance; with a reconfigurable antenna and means for monitoring the actual link performance it would be possible to incorporate dynamic compensation for fade, thereby improving the link performance dramatically.


The application of a programmable winding machine is demonstrated by the example of the manufacture of a repeating coil. The CNC-program used in this process is shown in detail.