The real atomic structure of nanocrystals determines key properties of the materials. For such materials the serious experimental problem lies in obtaining sufficiently accurate measurements of the structural parameters of the crystals, since very small crystals constitute rather a two-phase than a uniform crystallographic phase system. As a result, elastic properties of nanograins may be expected to reflect a dual nature of their structure, with a corresponding set of different elastic property parameters. We studied those properties by in-situ high-pressure powder diffraction technique. For nanocrystalline, even one-phase materials such measurements are particularly difficult to make since determination of the lattice parameters of very small crystals presents a challenge due to inherent limitations of standard elaboration of powder diffractograms. In this investigation we used our methodology of the structural analysis, the 'apparent lattice parameter' (alp) concept. The methodology allowed us to avoid the traps (if applied to nanocrystals) of standard powder diffraction evaluation techniques. The experiments were performed for nanocrystalline Sic and GaN powders using synchrotron sources. We applied both hydrostatic and isostatic pressures in the range of up to 40 GPa. Elastic properties of the samples were examined based on the measurements of a change of the lattice parameters with pressure. The results show a dual nature of the mechanical properties (compressibilities) of the materials, indicating a complex, core-shell structure of the grains.


Advances in the study of natural plant perfume, including the composition, the recent new technologies of extraction and their application were reviewed in this paper. Finally, the future research direction of natural plant perfume was discussed.


Karin Zachmann's new book is a tour de force, a large, comprehensive work that offers something for every scholar concerned with the development of the Soviet socialist states of East Central Europe: statistics and stories, bigpicture context and individual case studies, exhaustively plumbed sources, and nuanced interpretation. It has benefited from the author's long scholarly engagement with the subject and her personal experience as a citizen of the former German Democratic Republic (GDR); it also demonstrates the qualities to which she owes her current position in the Institute for the History of Technology at the Technical University of Munich. Finally, it is part of a body of emerging studies of women engineers and of gender and technology more broadly. (For a chapter in English from Zachmann's work, see Annie Canel, Ruth Oldenziel, and Karin Zachmann, eds., Crossing Boundaries, Building Bridges: Comparing the History of Women Engineers, 1870s–1990s [2000].) Zachmann argues that the East German socialist government mobilized women in its efforts to outdo West Germany in the competition for technological superiority. The GDR did win the quantitative prize: many more technical experts (in absolute numbers, not just per capita) were produced than in the Federal Republic of Germany. However, that victory did not translate into a superior ability to innovate, in part because the state did not leverage the abilities of its newly trained women. By the 1970s, women's technical competence was no longer in question, and yet the political decision-makers did not succeed in fundamentally changing the hierarchical structure of the gender order; indeed, "male coding" in certain branches remained impossible to break. Instead, a new gender-specific division of labor kept women in lower-status and lower-paid engineering fields (some of them newly emerging) such as information processing, materials science, architecture, cartography, and engineering economics. Having traced the educational and career patterns of 158 women graduates of the Technical University of Dresden and the Technical University of Ilmenau, the author sets out to explain their trajectories. She does not limit her scope to women engineers, but investigates the fate of the whole profession during the existence of the GDR. She points out that the distance of engineering knowledge (as compared to law or humanities) from the central theory and ideology of Marxism-Leninism regarding the transformation of society did not shield the engineers from political intervention. This intervention at first occurred sporadically, confounded by brief periods of resistance by professional engineers, who in 1961–1962 managed B O O K R E V I E W S


The article is devoted to the publication of obtained materials from a site in the Itkul archaeological district that includes a settlement called Gorodishche 1. The site is located on the southern shore of Lake Bol'shoi Itkul, on the border of the Zonalnyi and Troitskii districts. The land plot of the settlement has a complex layout and is limited by a moat. At the site, an area of 64 square metres was excavated, as a result, a dwelling pit and a small part of the moat were investigated. The dwelling was a semi-hut of a semi-rectangular form with an open hearth. The area of the dwelling was about 28 square metres. The location of the materials in the dwelling pit shows the special features of the layout. The place of entrance was identified. The economic zone was distinguished by the location of the hearth and the accumulation of ceramics around it; it was located at the farthest wall from the entrance. There were not many finds in the cultural layer. The finds were represented by clusters of ceramics. The vessels were round-bottomed, of lowered proportions, decorated with ornament in the upper part. The most common elements of the ornament were pits. There was also a comb duck ornament. Just one element was used in the ornamental composition. The features of the ceramic complex allowed the authors to refer the studied site to the Fominskaya stage of the Kulaiskaya culture and date it within the 2nd-4th centuries. The material is published for the first time.


Trinitrotoluene (TNT) has been a standard explosive used in munitions for more than 100 years, but the military is looking to phase out its use due to its toxicity. A new 24-atom molecule has ignited the interest of chemists as a possible TNT replacement. The compound, known as bis(1,2,4-oxadiazole)bis(methylene) dinitrate, has a melting point of 84.5 °C and a decomposition temperature of 183.4 °C, making it an excellent melt-castable material. Melt-castable explosives are solid at room temperature but melt within a certain temperature range so they can be easily loaded into munitions. Although the textbook definition of a melt-castable explosive requires a melting point between 70 and 120 °C, the practical melting range is much tighter, says Jesse J. Sabatini, a chemist with the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) at Aberdeen Proving Ground. "You need to make sure the melting point is high enough that when you store this stuff


Abstract Bernardino de Ávila's Relación del Reyno del Nippon is the only secular Spanish account of the martyrdoms of Nagasaki that took place between 1614 and 1619. Opening as a depiction of Japanese history and society, Ávila's portrait of Japanese women develops from the admiration of physical beauty and marital qualities to the praise of female courage during the persecution of Christians. Whether narrating events he witnessed or copying and reinterpreting European missionaries' texts or Japanese Christians' reports, Ávila creates the idea of heroic wives and virgins who endure torture and martyrdom without apostatizing. As a layman, his interpretation of the events lacks the deep knowledge of learned churchmen, yet his narrative adds the point of view of a commoner who struggled to live and understand the failure of Christendom in kingdoms not ruled by Spain. The article analyzes the development of the representation of Japanese women in Ávila's work and the influence of religious writing in his narrative.


Software-Defined Networking (SDN) and its extension Intent-Based Networking (IBN) are network paradigms that enable dynamic, programmatically efficient network configuration. IBN allows network operators to express an outcome or business objective without the low-level configurations necessary to program the network to achieve these demands. Existing research proposals for IBN introduce several systems to translate users intents into network infrastructure configurations. Despite the positive aspects of these proposals, they still suffer from many drawbacks. Some require users to learn a new intent definition language. Some others may lack the appropriate grammar to make these frameworks recognize the intent correctly. In this paper, we introduce a framework leveraging the capabilities of Natural Language Processing (NLP) for network management from an operator utterances. In order to understand natural language, our framework uses the sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq) learning model based on recurrent neural networks (LSTM). The model has been improved by using word embedding and user feedback. As a proof of concept, we implement our framework for network management in a Global Internet eXchange Network and evaluate its practicality regarding NLP accuracy and network performance.


In the present work, a comparative study of the mechanical behavior of two series of elastomeric composites, based on carboxylated styrene butadiene...


9 References 10 The merger into the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) resulted in the double mission: The KIT is a university of the State of Baden-Württemberg fulfilling tasks in the areas of teaching and research and it is a large-scale research center of the Helmholtz Association, which conducts program-oriented provident research on behalf of the Federal Republic of Germany. When pursuing these missions, the KIT acts along the three strategic lines of research, teaching, and innovation. The KIT is the only institution in Germany that combines the strengths of a research center with those of a university. As a university of the State of Baden-Württemberg and National Research Center of the Helmholtz Association, KIT is committed to creating, disseminating, and preserving knowledge and consistently applies the principles of the unity of research and teaching.


Multiple-color pyrometric measurement of particles reacting in an electrodynamic thermogravimetric analyzer is discussed. Attempts to measure the emissivity of heated tungsten particles are presented. The data are too scattered to provide reliable results. Experimental evidence for the sensitivity to noise and the speed of response of pyrometers is presented, and a brief theoretical discussion of the causes is presented.


From a behaviour therapist's viewpoint anxiety is perceived in a framework expanded to the psycho-neuro-immunological dimension. After describing phobic anxieties, cognitive mechanisms, and allergic-immunological disturbances, clinical experience won from 34 phobic patients treated with behavior therapy is demonstrated. 31 of these proved to be poly-allergic. A comparison of both physiological fear and allergic symptoms lets a relationship seem obvious between anaphylactic or collapse inclination and psychological fear reaction. Mediated by cognitive variables persons with emphatic perception may develop an association between anxiety and allergic processes with high probability, the reciprocal influence of which can increase with vehemence. Comprehensive psychologic-medical diagnostic and therapeutic measures could improve the effectivity of therapy as well as anxious patients' "compliance" and "coping skills".


Short‐term intensive insulin therapy is unique amongst therapies for type 2 diabetes because it offers the potential to preserve and improve beta‐cell function without additional pharmacological treatment. On the basis of clinical experience and the promising results of a series of studies in newly diagnosed patients, mostly in Asian populations, an expert workshop was convened to assess the available evidence and the potential application of short‐term intensive insulin therapy should it be advocated for inclusion in clinical practice. Participants included primary care physicians and endocrinologists. We endorse the concept of short‐term intensive insulin therapy as an option for some patients with type 2 diabetes at the time of diagnosis and have identified the following six areas where additional knowledge could help clarify optimal use in clinical practice: (1) generalizability to primary care, (2) target population and biomarkers, (3) follow‐up treatment, (4) education of patients and providers, (5) relevance of ethnicity, and (6) health economics. © 2014 The Authors. Diabetes Metabolism Research and Reviews published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


[Objective]To observe the syndrome differentiation and treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease efficacy.[Methods]86 patients were randomly divided into two groups.Treatment group of 43 patients with phlegm retention in the lung governance Huatanzhike Erchen treatment(Chenpi 5g,Sharen 5g,Gancao 5g,Baijiezi 10g,Laifuzi 15g,Ziwan 15g,Xiangfu 15g,Fabanxia 20g,Fuling 20g Etc.);phlegm obstruct the lung governance Qingre phlegm and Xuanfei of antiasthmatic(Maidong 12g,Suzi 10g,Shanzhi 10g,Gancao 10g,Kuandonghua 12g,Xingren 12g Etc.);lung and spleen deficiency Governance spleen Yifei(Huangqi 30g,Chenpi 5g,Gancao 5g,Xingren 10g,Fangfeng 10g,Fabanxia 15g,Zhebeimu 15g Etc.).Tongxinluo capsule in the control group of 43 patients,2 to 4 capsules / time,3 times / d.Observation of clinical symptoms and adverse reactions.Continuous treatment of the 14d,to determine efficacy.[Results]Treatment group,36 cases improved,invaild 7 cases,the total effective rate of 83.72%;improvement in the control group 31 cases,effective in 12 cases,the total effective rate of 72.09%.The clinical efficacy of the treatment group than the control group.[Conclusion]The syndrome differentiation Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),can radically improve patient disease status,worthy of promotion.


An analysis was made of modern approaches to building recommender systems, such as content-based filtering, knowledge-based filtering, collaborative filtering, and hybrid recommender systems. The advantages and disadvantages of each of the systems are revealed. The main ones are the problem of a cold start, poor predictions for atypical users, computational resource intensity, and trivial predictions. The features of the use of recommender systems in the most famous companies such as Amazon, YouDo, Facebook, Youtube, Yandex.Zen are considered.


As a composer of acousmatic music, I have often presented my work on a variety of different loudspeaker systems whese can be subdivided in two macro-families: those intended for the playback of multichannel pieces – often symmetric systems, in the shape of a circle, a dome, or a regular polygon – and those intended for acousmatic diffusions – the loudspeaker orchestras, mainly employed for the diffusion of stereo pieces, where the performer spatializes sound in real time. In this practice, it is not uncommon to listen to re-adaptations of pieces, presented in different formats to suit different types of systems, and I have always found the Ambisonics workflow a very successful approach to scale my pieces on systems belonging to the first macro-family. However, when I first faced the need of presenting my multichannel pieces on systems meant for stereo diffusion, I was very unhappy with the results I achieved through the typical methods employed to adapt Ambisonics space


Firstly, the properties of fuzzy consistent matrix is introduced and the concept of its composition operation on finite university of discourse is brought forward. Secondly, combining fuzzy consistent matrix and decision making theory, a new kind of fuzzy analytical method of the multi-attribute decision making with time series is proposed. Finally, the method is applied to a living example, the results show that the method is scientific and rational.


Pope Francis' teaching on preparation for marriage and family life in his Apostolic Exhortation Amoris Laetitia reflects his concern for providing engaged couples with a holistic human and Christian formation that will preparing them to responsibly realize their vocation to marriage and family. This task is particularly important because families today are broken and the value of marriage is under attack. The environment in which engaged couples are immersed is very important in the process of preparing them for marriage and family life, since it is the place where the personality of the new family members is formed. For this reason, Pope Francis offers new pastoral initiatives that aim at increasing the effectiveness of marriage preparation by engaging missionary families and the families of the engaged couples as well as "a variety of pastoral resources." In his exhortation, Pope Francis shows the importance of freedom of choice, fidelity, and the indissolubility of the marriage bond. He also points out the importance of having the proper approach to the marriage celebration and wedding reception. Pope Francis encourages engaged couples to opt for modest and simple celebrations "in which love takes precedence over everything else" (AL 212) because love has the power to unite spouses if it is "strengthened and sanctified by grace [of the sacrament]".


Electron beam processing is one of the effective methods for modification of surface material properties. Influence of electron beam irradiation on the structure of polymeric materials such as polyvinyl alcohol and polylactic acid was investigated. Electron beam processing was carried out at 8 kV accelerating voltage and a pressure of 3 x 10-2 Torr, the emission current was from 25 to 40 A, the pulse duration was from 150 to 300 μs and the pulse number was from 1 to 10. The elemental composition and the structural state of the surface of irradiated polymer materials were studied by infrared spectroscopy (IR-spectroscopy), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning-electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic-force microscopy (AFM) methods. It was established that certain chemical processes take place and some physicochemical properties change under electron treatment.


Previous research evaluated the use of unassigned sign colors from the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for incident management trailblazing; however, fluorescent sign colors were not evaluated. Since evidence suggests that fluorescence on signs improves conspicuity, the following colors were evaluated along a contrived test route with an instrumented vehicle: black on fluorescent coral, fluorescent yellow on fluorescent purple, black on fluorescent yellow-green, and yellow on purple in nonfluorescent colors. No significant differences in driving performance were exhibited among the four experimental sign-color combinations. Based on questionnaire results, the black on fluorescent yellow-green sign was preferred by younger and older drivers during both day and night visibility conditions. However, fluorescent yellow-green was subsequently assigned by the Federal Highway Administration for pedestrian, school, and bicycle crossings. For the remaining colors, black on fluorescent coral was ranked highest for visibility and overall preference, followed by fluorescent yellow on fluorescent purple, with nonfluorescent yellow on purple least preferred. Black on fluorescent coral was preferred over fluorescent yellow on fluorescent purple during daytime viewing conditions, while the reverse was true for nighttime. Drivers also commented that the arrow on the sign was too small to determine directional information from a comfortable distance.


Tone color is one of the important forming elements in music.The development of electronic music is actually a course of keeping on blazing new trails.With the development of electronic music in China,the Chinese national tone color of pipe instruments are considered to be an individual tone color used.Based on its own characteristics of the tone color of traditional Chinese pipe instruments,the paper aims to discuss about the individuality making of such tone color in electronic music.The paper has also discussed about the influences impacted by different natures of music.And finally,the paper has probed into the making regularity of blowpipe instruments in the concrete electronic music,hoping that Chinese national blowpipe instruments will be used in the electronic music better.


Wollastonite is a new type of industrial minerals. This paper analyzes the Wollastonite resources in our country, the present situation of enterprises and further-processing technology. Also, it introduces the application of wollastonite to polymer materials.


Graph theory is one of the most flourishing branches of modern mathematics and computer applications. The theory of domination has been the nucleus of research activity in graph theory in recent times. This is largely due to a variety of new parameters that can be developed from the basic definition of domination. In this paper, the concept of equitable domination, k-domination, restrained domination, connected equitable domination, total k-domination and global restrained domination in intuitionistic fuzzy graphs(IFGs) have been introduced. The lower and upper bound for the equitable, restrained and k-domination numbers of an IFG are obtained. Further, some properties of the domination numbers de, dk, dr and dgr with known parameters of G are investigated. Also, domination parameters such as equitable domination, k-domination on direct, cartesian and strong products of two IFGs are analyzed. AMS subject classification:


In recent years, Chinese young people tend to use a popular Internet word diaosi to mock themselves as "underprivileged losers" who fail in their careers and romantic relationships. This paper tries to examine this cultural phenomenon through the lenses of Symbolic Interaction Theory and Cultural Hegemony Theory. It argues that individuals create and modify the meaning of diaosi during social interactions. Furthermore, the popularity and changing meaning of diaosi have made it an influential ideology which challenges the dominant ideology that a successful man earns a large amount of money and has a good wife. But paradoxically, those who call themselves diaosi actually wish to become successful within the dominant understanding. The term diaosi also further marginalizes people such as migrant workers and farmers who can barely make ends meet.


ABSTRACT Experimental data have been compiled from the published chemical and engineering literature on the enthalpies of solvation for 92 different inorganic gases and organic vapours in acetic acid. The compiled data are used to derive mathematical correlations based on the Abraham solvation parameter model. The derived expressions describe the experimental solvation enthalpies in acetic acid to within a standard deviation (SD) of 2.2 kJ mol−1. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on the five equation coefficients from a derived Abraham model correlation shows that acetic acid does not resemble hydroxylic solvents in terms of enthalpic interactions, but is more akin to moderately polar solvents such as ethyl acetate or acetone.


Objective To analyze the features of CT image combined with the pathological types of renal cell carcinoma to improve the diagnostic accuracy.Methods 36 patients with pathologically confirmed renal cell carcinoma were enrolled in this study.The preoperative CT scan(unenhanced and dynamic contrast enhanced CT)was performed in all patients.The CT imaging characteristics and pathological findings were retrospectively analyzed.Results There were 25 cases of clear cell carcinoma,1 case of granular cell carcinoma,2 cases of multilocular cell carcinoma,4 cases of papillary renal carcinoma,3 cases of chromophobe cell carcinoma and 1 case of collecting duct carcinoma.Granular cell carcinoma and multilocular cell carcinoma were both classified as clear cell carcinoma in new pathological typing.With rich blood vessel,this subtype showed dramatic enhancement on CT image and simple cystic degeneration was the characteristic.While granular cell carcinoma and chromophobe cell carcinoma was relatively with poor blood vessel and the degree of enhancement was lower than clear cell carcinoma.Conclusions The CT features in every subtype of renal cell carcinoma show no obvious specificity and the pathology is still the base of confirmed diagnosis.Careful analysis of the relationship between the CT imaging features and pathology of renal cell carcinoma contributes to the diagnosis and differential diagnosis.


In this work we propose a correction to the effective mass approach (EMA), to be used in Si quantum dot simulations. With this technique we obtained results comparable to those calculated by the tight-binding method (TB). We used this new approach to obtain the hole spectra in spherical quantum dots by means of a fast algorithm, thus improving the accuracy of the EMA.


The hypothesis that dark matter consists of superheavy particles with the mass close to the Grand Unification scale is investigated. These particles were created from vacuum by the gravitation of the expanding Universe and their decay led to the observable baryon charge. Some part of these particles with the lifetime larger than the time of breaking of the Grand Unification symmetry became metastable and survived up to the modern time as dark matter. However, in active galactic nuclei due to large energies of dark matter particles swallowed by the black hole and the possibility of the Penrose process for rotating black hole the opposite process can occur. Dark matter particles become interacting. Their decay on visible particles at the Grand Unification energies leads to the flow of ultra high energy cosmic rays observed by the Auger group. Numerical estimates of the effect leading to the observable numbers are given.


© Europa Edition 2011. All rights reserved. Current drug-eluting stents lead to excellent long-term clinical outcomes, with small differences between the most popular products1. This indicates a dominant impact of the drug, and it is therefore not surprising that the design of the stent platforms received less attention during the last few years. Of course, there are a few exceptions here, like the bioabsorbable stents, where the use of unconventional materials requires innovative stent designs, or the dedicated bifurcation stents, designed to fit the complex bifurcation anatomy.


This paper summaries train control problems with two different models and models the energysaving train control problems with a longhaul train. Track gradient and speed limits are also considered.


The self-consistent mean-field Hartree–Fock (HF) theory, both static and time-dependent (TDHF) versions, is used to study static and dynamic properties of fusion reactions between even 40–54 Ca isotopes and 116 Sn. The bare nucleus-nucleus potential, calculated with the frozen HF approach, is affected by the groundstate density of the nuclei. However, once dynamical effects are included, as in TDHF, the static effects on the barrier are essentially washed out. Dynamic properties of the nuclei, including low-lying vibrational modes, are calculated with TDHF and selectively used in coupled-channels calculations to identify which modes have the most effect on the TDHF fusion threshold. Vibrations cannot fully explain the difference between the static HF and TDHF fusion barriers trend so other dynamical effects such as transfer are considered.


The principle of digital speckle correlation method(DSCM) was introduced,and the sub-pixel searching algorithm based on gradient was used to compute displacement.The strain fields were computed by least-square fitting of local displacement.The crack tip's evolvement of cast iron three-point bending beam with pre-crack was measured.The load-displacement curve and the process of crack growth were given during the specimen damage.The displacement field and stain field near crack tip at different load were given by DSCM.This study provides experimental basis for researching brittle materials' damage and fracture process,and also provides an effective experimental way for studying damage and fracture process of structures with crack.


The magnetic properties of the intermetallic compound U2AuGa3 were investigated on well-annealed polycrystalline samples by DC magnetization, specific heat and magnetic relaxation measurements. The temperature dependence of magnetization shows irreversibility and the frozen-in magnetic moment was observed below a characteristic temperature Tf =23 K. The temperature dependence of specific heat does not show visible singularity indicating the absence of long-range magnetic order around Tf . Furthermore, more than 50% of the remnant magnetization is observed even after 3 hours due to long-time magnetic relaxation effect. These results clearly indicate that U2AuGa3 undergoes spin-glass transition at Tf .


The high dimensionality in big data need a heavy computation when the analysis needed. This research proposed a dimensionality reduction using deep belief network (DBN). We used hyperspectral images as case study. The hyperspectral image is a high dimensional image. Some researched have been proposed to reduce hyperspectral image dimension such as using LDA and PCA in spectral-spatial hyperspectral image classification. This paper proposed a dimensionality reduction using deep belief network (DBN) for hyperspectral image classification. In proposed framework, we use two DBNs. First DBN used to reduce the dimension of spectral bands and the second DBN used to extract spectral-spatial feature and as classifier. We used Indian Pines data set that consist of 16 classes and we compared DBN and PCA performance. The result indicates that by using DBN as dimensionality reduction method performed better than PCA in hyperspectral image classification.


Scaling computations on emerging massive-core supercomputers is a daunting task, which coupled with the significantly lagging system I/O capabilities exacerbates applications' end-to-end performance. The I/O bottleneck often negates potential performance benefits of assigning additional compute cores to an application. In this paper, we address this issue via a novel functional partitioning (FP) runtime environment that allocates cores to specific application tasks -- checkpointing, de-duplication, and scientific data format transformation -- so that the deluge of cores can be brought to bear on the entire gamut of application activities. The focus is on utilizing the extra cores to support HPC application I/O activities and also leverage solid-state disks in this context. For example, our evaluation shows that dedicating 1 core on an oct-core machine for checkpointing and its assist tasks using FP can improve overall execution time of a FLASH benchmark on 80 and 160 cores by 43.95% and 41.34%, respectively.


This paper aims to reflect on the teaching of Portuguese language in the context of twenty-first century, taking as its starting point the proposal of multiliteracies. We propose to discuss the applicability of genres in the classroom as a condition to ensure the construction of fundamental knowledge to social practices of language. For this, we rely on recent studies on the possibilities that the genre can bring to practice reading, writing papers, and linguistic analysis. We intend, therefore, to assist the planning of teachers who still find themselves unsure on curricula that suggest what they have to do, but did not say how. Understand the reason why this work is another contribution to the teaching of Portuguese in the final years of elementary school and high school bringing out a space for discussion about what needs to be taught and some teaching procedures that favor the democratization of school and interaction linguistics. Curricular innovations and new ways of thinking about teaching and learning of mother tongue are already part of the reflections of most professionals, but there is still an open field to think of more effective alternatives through multimodality an interactionist conception of language. Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabela normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}


Before a radiographic image is sent to a picture archiving and communications system (PACS), its projection information needs to be correctly identified at capture modalities to facilitate image archive and retrieval. Currently, annotating radiographic images is manually performed by technologists. It is labor intensive and cost ineffective. Moreover, man-made annotation errors occur frequently during image acquisition. To address this issue, an automatic image recognition method is developed. It first extracts a set of visual features from the most indicative region in a radiograph for image recognition, and then uses a family of classifiers, each of which is trained for a specific projection to determine the most appropriate projection for the image. The method has been tested on a large number of clinical images and has shown excellent robustness and efficiency.


High- alkali alumino- silicate glass is a kind of high strength glass,which contains high alkali and high alumina,suitable for chemical reinforcement. This article comprehensively summarizes the basic composition,the key production technology and strengthening treatment of this sort of glass,and also briefly introduces its application.


This paper is accompanied by a PowerPoint presentation. It concerns cellular systems, in view of their treatment, and cryosurgical applications.


Abu' Ali Fanna-Khusraw, 241 et seq. Abu Kalfjar, 229 et seq. list of his sons, 230. his daughters, 231. his death, 234. Abu Talib, 241 et seq. Abu'lFaraj al-Isfahani, 490. Abu'l Muzafiar Bahrain, governor of 'Uman, 235. Akbar II as Pretender : A study in Anarchy, 259-72. Akbar Shah, 259 et seq. • coins of, 270-2. Alai-Pamirs, Expedition to (W. R. Rickmers), 691-6. Al-'Aziz, 233. Alp Arslan, 243 et seq. ANDEBSSON, J. G., Abstract of lecture " The Highway of Europe and Asia ", 421 et seq. Andhras, light on history and religion of, 273-9. Anniversary Meeting, 697-715. Aramaic Ostraka (two), 107-12. (A), 584-6. Arthasastra of Kautilya, Tw° Studies in, 77-102. • Notes on Land Tenure and Agriculture in the, 89-102. Arthasastra in relation to the work of Asvaghosa Aryasiira, and the Lahkavatarasutra, 77-102. Arwah, Spirits of Dead m Gilgit belief, 525. Aryasiira and the Arthasastra, 77-102. date of, 81. Archaic Chinese Writing, the human figure in, 557-79. Asanga, 452 et seq. Assyrian Medical Prescriptions, 801-23. Assyrian prayer against sickness, 281-4. Assyrian Prayer to Ea, Shamash and Marduk, 285-8. Assyrian Prayers, fragments of, 761-6. , 767-89. Assyrian Prescriptions f or a " Hand of a Ghost", 801-23. " Astronomical " Temple in India, near Gauhati, 247-58. Asvaghosa and the ArthaSastra, 77-102. date of, 77. his theory of politics, 78.


Abstract
 Background
 The nephron in the kidney and the stria vascularis in the inner ear have many anatomical, physiological, and pathological similarities. Several studies have reported sensorineural hearing loss in adult chronic renal failure (CRF). However, there are only a few reported surveys on audiological affection in children with CRF.

 Objectives
 The aim of this study was to determine the presence, type, and severity of hearing loss (HL) and to evaluate the relationship of reported HL with the duration of hemodialysis and biochemical and hematological data of children with CRF on regular hemodialysis.

 Patients and methods
 This study included 30 patients with CRF on regular hemodialysis and 20 healthy children as a control group. All children were subjected to standard and extended high-frequency pure-tone audiometry, tympanometry, and otoacoustic emissions.

 Results
 Among 60 ears examined, 50 ears showed sensorineural hearing loss (83.3%), mainly at high frequencies (64%) and of mild and moderate severity, with a highly statistically significant difference between pure-tone thresholds in the patients and the control groups across frequencies 500–8000 Hz. High-frequency thresholds were significantly higher for the patients with CRF. No significant relation was found with the duration of hemodialysis or biochemical and hematological parameters. Transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions testing showed absent emission in 20 ears and those with preserved transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions had significantly lower amplitudes in all frequencies.

 Conclusion
 A high incidence of HL among children with CRF on regular hemodialysis was found in this study. Duration of hemodialysis treatment and biochemical and hematological parameters did not have a significant impact on HL. Thus, audiological evaluation must be considered in these children.


Multiparty Private Set Intersection (mPSI), enables n parties, each holding private sets (each of size m) to securely compute the intersection of these private sets. While several protocols are known for this task, the only concretely efficient protocol is due to the work of Kolesnikov et al. (KMPRT, CCS 2017), who gave a semi-honest secure protocol with communication complexity O(nmtƛ), where t < n is the number of corrupt parties and ƛ is the security parameter. In this work, we make the following contributions: –First, for the natural adversarial setting of semi-honest honest majority (i.e. t<n/2), we asymptotically improve upon the above result and provide a concretely efficient protocol with total communication of O(nmƛ). –Second, concretely, our protocol has 6(t+2)/5 times lesser communication than KMPRT and is up to 5× and 6.2× faster than KMPRT in the LAN and WAN setting even for 15 parties. –Finally, we introduce and consider two important variants of mPSI - circuit PSI (that allows the parties to compute a function over the intersection set without revealing the intersection itself) and quorum PSI (that allows P1 to learn all the elements in his/her set that are present in at least k other sets) and provide concretely efficient protocols for these variants.


(57) Abstract: OBJECTIVE attaching the relay substrate for relaying the wiring between the front and rear of the chassis quickly and easily to the chassis. [Configuration] to form a relay port 1a to the chassis 1. To distribution retention member 2 to the relay port. The holder forms a stopper portion 5 for locking the holding portion of the guide portion 3 and the substrate for guiding the insertion of the substrate 7 for holding portions of the holding portion 2a Toko positioning and holding the relay substrate 7. Inserting along the substrate 7 in the guide part substrate is guided to the holding portion 2a. Stopper portions engage the substrate when inserting the substrate to the end position, the substrate is positioned in the holding portion, it is retained. Thus, bis fixing the board to the chassis is not required, it is mounted quickly and easily. Substrate can be positioned only by the holding portion inserted along the guide portion can positioning at the time of mounting easier. Since we arranged holder in the relay port, the substrate is housed inside the chassis, the apparatus can be compact. Similarly, the wire can be prevented or them on the end face of the chassis, the damage of I hooking.


This article addresses problems of freshwater scarcity in port cities in the wider Indian Ocean region in the early modern era. It focuses on the historical dimensions of an urgent problem, namely the unequal access to and distribution of water in an increasingly globalized world. Focusing on European travelogues (mainly from Germany, England and France), I argue that these observers discussed structures of conflict and collective action regarding natural resources because they faced similar issues in their home countries. They recorded the particular spatial orders of port cities that were often arranged according to structures of water supply, different relations of power with regard to water management and finally the coping strategies of Europeans and local populations when it came to the uses and distribution practices of fresh water. The observations of European visitors cannot be taken as an accurate picture, since they are shaped by their own experiences and reflect their education and mindsets, their possible access to certain information and their expectations of a possible readership at home. Nonetheless the authors knew that water shortages made a degree of co-operation among seemingly distinct groups necessary.


Objective To determine the activation and subcellular localization of big mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (BMK1, known as ERK5) by immunohistochemistry in response to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in brain cortex of rat,and further to clarify the possible mechanisms by treating with related drugs.?Methods Transient cerebral ischemia was induced by the four-vessel occlusion method on Sprague-Dawley rats. To illustrate the mechanisms of the activation,nifedipine (ND),a L-type voltage-gated Ca~2+ channel (L-VGCC) antagonist and dextromethorphan (DM),a N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor inhibitor,were administered intraperitoneally 20 min prior to ischemia.?Results It was found that BMK1 activation was dramatically enhanced in the cytosol after 30 min of reperfusion.Later on (after reperfusion for 6 h to 3 d), the activated BMK1 mainly appeared in the nuclei,less and less left in the cytosol. The increase of BMK1 phosphorylation in the nucleus was significantly diminished by DM and ND.?Conclusion The findings suggested that BMK1 activation first occurred in the cytosol in response to the ischemic insult on the cerebral cortex,and subsequently was translocated from the cytosol to the nuclei,possibly through the activation of NMDA receptor and L-VGCC.


The general structure of an Integrated Intelligent Decision Support Systems (IIDSS) was presented for a wide range of tasks for territory management. The proposed architecture of an IIDSS allows: 1) to execute all developed software modules with incompatible runtime requirements under various virtual machines within a single hardware server to overcome the problems of heterogeneity on one hand, and the convenience of deploying an IIDSS on the other; 2) to provide an interaction between modules through network communication, taking into account the prospects for further development of the IIDSS towards geographically distributed architectures. We propose to create a software "wrapper" that consolidates a private system for input-output of each module as a standardized data exchange interface. There are advantages of using the intelligent technology for support: 1) use a combination of quantitative and qualitative(fuzzy) information about the management effectiveness of the territory, which will significantly improve the quality of decisions and conclusions; 2) formalization of expert information provided to the expert in a natural language by introducing linguistic variables, which allow an adequate display of the approximate verbal description of objects and phenomena; 3) the proposed method in a fuzzy environment with a synthesized theory of experiments design, and a fuzzylogic linguistic description of statements. The proposed method minimizes the


Hydrolytic enzymes constitute one of the largest and most diverse protein classes in Nature and play key roles in nearly all physiological and pathological processes. The mammalian serine hydrolase superfamily contains a remarkable number of uncharacterized members, with at least 40−50% of these enzymes lacking experimentally verified endogenous substrates and products. Assignment of metabolic and cellular functions to these enzymes requires the development of pharmacological tools to selectively perturb their activity. We describe herein a functional proteomic strategy to systematically develop potent and selective inhibitors for uncharacterized serine hydrolases and its application to the brain-enriched enzyme α/β-hydrolase-6. We anticipate that the methods described herein will facilitate the development of selective chemical probes to annotate the metabolic and (patho)physiological functions of many of the uncharacterized serine hydrolases that currently populate eukaryotic and prokaryotic proteomes.


ABSTRACT This article explores the role of affect in influencing whether and how education policy on sustainability is circulated, adopted or resisted. Drawing on empirical data from K-12 education across Canada, the paper examines the mobility of sustainability in education policy in relation to i) collective affective conditions, ii) the mediating influences of affective bodily encounters, and iii) affect as a target of apparatuses of power. The analysis suggests how collective conditions of precarity or environmental responsibility, policy actors' attachments to nature and relationships with other policy actors, and the affective mediations of technologies of power such as eco-certification programs, all contribute to mobilizing sustainability in education policy in the schools, divisions, and ministries under study. The article offers insights for sustainability initiatives in education and for research attending to the affective mobilities of education policy.


Abstract : Nearly simultaneous measurements of the physical and optical properties of boundary layer and free tropospheric aerosols near Boulder, Colorado were made on several occasions using aircraft, balloon, and ground based sensors. This effort was conducted with the purpose of obtaining a diverse, self-consistent data set that could be used for testing optical model calculations based on measured physical characteristics such as apparent size distribution, composition, and shape. Support under this grant made it possible to perform a detailed analysis of this unique data set. It was found that even with the uncertainties involved, the model predictions are in good agreement with the measurements in the visible and near infrared wavelength regions. The results also indicate that during the measurement period the aerosol in the boundary layer and free troposphere behaved as spherical particles for optical modeling purposes. The utility of the observation for determining the extinction-to-backscatter ratio relevant to aerosols in the boundary layer and free troposphere is described with typical measured values being in the 20 to 30 sr range. Further data sets and analysis of this type will be made possible by using the specialized instrumentation developed at the University of Wyoming during the last year.


We propose a new shadowed Rice (1948) model for land mobile satellite channels. In this model, the amplitude of the line-of-sight is characterized by the Nakagami distribution. The major advantage of the model is that it leads to closed-form and mathematically-tractable expressions for the fundamental channel statistics such as the envelope probability density function, moment generating function of the instantaneous power, and the level crossing rate. The model is very convenient for analytical and numerical performance prediction of complicated narrowband and wideband land mobile satellite systems, with different types of uncoded/coded modulations, with or without diversity. Comparison of the first- and the second-order statistics of the proposed model with different sets of published channel data demonstrates the flexibility of the new model in characterizing a variety of channel conditions and propagation mechanisms over satellite links. Interestingly, the proposed model provides a similar fit to the experimental data as the well-accepted Loo's (1985) model but with significantly less computational burden.


This article analyzes the functions and drawbacks of crossover of traditional Genetic Algorithm(GA),and points out that it is the very crossover,which is appointed tow paradoxical functions,complicates the mechanism of traditional GA.It proposes a new intelligent crossover,which has a relatively simple function,to build a new and simple mechanism of GA.It points out that evolution is performed by both environment and individual.Based on this idea,it programs a MATLAB toolbox of the new GA based on the intelligent crossover and has the toolbox tested numerically.Numerical test results indicate that the new GA has a very precise solution and faster convergence speed,and overcomes premature convergence.


We report laser oscillation at 80–100°K in electrically pumped GaAs[Single Bond]Ga1–xAlxAs double-heterostructure distributed-feedback diode lasers. The feedback for laser oscillation was provided by a corrugated interface between the active GaAs layer and the p-Ga1–xAlxAs layer. The lowest threshold current density was 2.5 kA/cm^2 in pulsed operation. The wavelength of laser emission was 8112 A at 82°K with a half-width of less than 0.3 A. The temperature dependence of the laser wavelength was found to be smaller than that of the conventional Fabry-Perot laser.


e13007Background: Human epidermal growth factor receptor- (HER2-) targeted therapy with the he antibody-drug conjugate Ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) has revolutionized the management of HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Although well-tolerated , cardiotoxicity has been documented. Sequential left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) assessment has been mandated to detect myocardial dysfunction. Changes in cardiac function induced by this therapy, however, are difficult to quantitate by conventional echocacardiography. Tissue Doppler myocardial imaging (TDI) derived wall motion velocity, and strain rate (SR) have been shown to sensitively quantify abnormalities in cardiac function. The aim of this study was to determine if sensitive indices of LV dysfunction, would be useful for addressing the early detection of cardiotoxic side effects of TDM1. Methods: Patients (N = 36 median age 56.8 years) with HER2-positive MBC who had received prior therapy with a taxane plus trastuzumab, received ...


Self Help Groups(SHGs) have become a significant factor to bring the rural masses in to the main stream of National Life. It helps to reduction of poverty.The capacity building of micro – enterprises of Self Help Groups do not have market development strategies and they face a lot of difficulties in positioning their products in the market, relating to other competitor products and markets.The operation of the Self Help Group itself is localized, this means there is limitation in terms of geographical coverage Self Help Group members who generally lack level of literacy, technical competence, market intelligence and entrepreneurial spirit face a lot of difficulties in carrying out the micro – enterprise ventures successfully. It is in this context, the researcher identified the research problem for the current study. The study attempts to find out the extent of marketing strategies followed by SHGs.


Two concepts for creation of a negative output resistance three-terminal device by shifting the collector current phase in excess of /spl pi/ are investigated. With the concept of counter-phase injection, which exploits resonant tunneling, the three-terminal device shows a negative output resistance in the whole frequency range up to a cut-off frequency. In contrast, with the concept of delayed injection using a more conventional bipolar transistor structure, the negative output resistance is found to be confined to a frequency band. In both transistor types, the magnitude of the negative output resistances are comparable. In addition, high current effects are investigated by numerical simulation in the delayed injection transistor.


J. O. Turner was the first who described the developmental defect of permanent tooth caused by periapical inflammation of temporary predecessor. This disorder is most common in the upper front teeth and premolars. These disorders are collectively called developmental defects of enamel (DDE). They are visible deviations from the normal translucent enamel resulting from enamel organ dysfunction. According to the macroscopic appearance we distinguish three types: enamel hypoplasia, diffuse enamel opacity, demarcated enamel opacity. The combination of types of enamel defects found in one tooth is also quite common. Results from studies at sheep and studies of macroscopic appearance, hardness values and SEM examination of human enamel defects of permanent teeth support this division and demonstrate that the pathogenesis of each type is different. DDE was imaged by atomic force microscopy Bruker Bioscope Catalyst using Peak force Quantitative NanoMechanical measurement for imaging and mechanical characterization. Differences between enamel of health part of tooth and DDE were studied.


A medium surface area β-SiC supported Cu–Y zeolite composite catalyst was prepared by performing the zeolite synthesis in the presence of the β-SiC grains. The composite material was used as a catalyst for the vapour phase oxidative carbonylation of methanol to dimethyl carbonate, with improved space time yields of dimethyl carbonate and limited influence of the temperature. The composite catalyst combined the interest of using a thermoconductive material as support for an exothermic reaction and of using a Cu–Y zeolite catalyst for getting stable performances in the dimethyl carbonate synthesis.


A 2-year field experiment was carried out in Putian City with rotating system of "little autumn cabbage-winter and spring carrot-spring and summer-early rice"to study the effects of P fertilizer application rates on P use efficiency.The results showed that P fertilizer response presented parabola model between application rate of P fertilizer and the observed vegetables yield,and aftereffect of P fertilizer on yield of early rice also presented parabola model under 57.5 mg L-1 available P in base soil.The economic application rate was P2O5 90 kg hm-2 for little cabbage and carrot respectively,and no fertilization for early rice in the rotating system.It increased net income by 22.3% 47.6% more than others application rate of P in a rotating period.Under the condition of economic fertilization of P,P recovery was increased from 20.1% in little cabbage carrot rotation to 29.7% in little cabbage carrot-early rice rotation.Available P in soil was decreased from 55.2 mg L-1 when carrot was harvested to 41.6 mg L-1 when early rice was harvested,and were only 75.4% and 72.4% compared with carrot harvested and base soil respectively.Therefore,vegetable-vegetable-paddy rice rotation system was an effective method to increase P recovery and decrease P accumulation excessively in vegetable field.


In order to make the basic skills competition for physical education specialty in Human be more influential,and promote the specialty construction,using logical analysis methods of literature material law,interview method,mathematical statistics,the results of this basic skills is conducted contrastive analysis. The results show that each colleges and universities make elaborate preparation,and expected effects have been achieved through this competition. However,the competition performance is undesirable; especially performance about English is very poor with low pass rate,which indicates that serious polarization exists in basic knowledge about professional theories. Performance about computer and sports skills is better with high excellent rate. In general,committee of this competition shall formulate and publish specific measures,and each colleges and universities shall strengthen the specialty and course construction in a targeted way.


To the Editor.— In the QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS section (1982;248:593), the association between sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and elevated triiodothyronine (T 3 ) levels found at autopsy was discussed. The answer indicated that there was no proved causative association between elevated T 3 levels and the later development of SIDS. It might be worth noting that all of 30 consecutive Oregon SIDS infants had essentially normal thyroxine levels at the time of newborn screening for congenital hypothyroidism. In addition, none of 66 infants found to have congenital hypothyroidism at the time of newborn screening subsequently died of SIDS.


The automatic dependent surveillance broadcast ADS-B is strongly recommended by ICAO CNS/ATM systems to provide air traffic surveillance control.In China the use of ADS-B to provide ADS-B control service is the inevitable trend in the construction of new generation of traffic and transport system.To implement the ADS-B control services,the safety demonstration of some surveillance separation is the necessary prerequisite.According to the International Civil Aviation(ICAO) DOC9689-AN/953 "Manual of Airspace Planning Methodology for The Determination of Separation Minima",this document applies the method compared with the reference system,It accesses a key indicator of the secondary radar to get the critical threshold value.Through the CAP comparative assessment model,it is argued for the use of ADS-B to implement surveillance air traffic control in the terminal area with 3 nautical miles of separation Minima.The result is its achievement in the ICAO safety standards for surveillance air traffic control.


The following paragraphs briefly summarize TTRA Educators' Seminar held prior to the Ninth Annual TTRA Conference in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, While this session was the result of the efforts of many people, it was coordinated by Susan Alt of the New School for Social Research. Readers interested in obtaining addi tional information should contact Dr. Alt, Assistant Dean, Graduate School of Management and Urban Professions, New School for Social Research, 66 Fifth A venue, New York, New York 10011. The authors appreciate the help of Robert Christie-Mill and Jeanne Gay in covering some of the workshop sessions.


This study was performed to examine the separate collection of waste aluminum that are required urgently for a recycling among a board variety of building wastes. The results of this study are summarized as follows. It is reported that among a wide range of building wastes that have not been recycled so far, waste aluminum consist of glass (40.0%), silicon (37.1%) and aluminum (22.9%). The thermal treatment method was considered to be effectively used for separating aluminum from these components. When an experiment was carried out using an electric furnace under testing conditions, therefore, the results showed that the temperature range of the thermal treatment was 500-550℃ and the proper separating time was approximately 30 minutes. It was shown, then, that the separation rate of the aluminum component was 90% or more and the degree of its purity was approximately 99% which is equivalent to that of aluminum on the market. As a result, it was found that those waste aluminum could be available for recycling.


Abstract
Considered as a canon of post-colonial literature, Korean American artist Theresa Hak Kyung Cha's DICTEE has been widely reviewed and discussed since 1990 in the academia. As most of the previous essays have already dealt with the theme of body in DICTEE by using Cixous' method, l'ecriture feminine, "writing aid to be female," to suggest Cha's fluid writing is the subversive resistance against Western patriarchal narratives and linear writing, inspired by Deleuze and Guattari's philosophy, I argue that the pain in DICTEE is fluid to prove that it is the agency of the resistance. In other words, this paper delves into the physicality of Cha's painful writing as well as to interrogate the juxtapositions of the images of the text to explore how the pain "manifests" itself by possessing a bodily form to act out.
Chapter one introduces DICTEE along with discussions on previous literary reviews to show how this text has been placed in the postcolonial and postmodern contexts. Inspired by Deleuzian ways of reading on Artaud's body and his pain, I expect to empower the pain in DICTEE in that I believe the agony shown in Cha's poetics of writing does not simply refer to a traumatic and lamenting expression. Therefore, Chapter two focuses on "the poetics of the struggle of pain" to see how Cha manipulates the languages to fill pain within them. I argue that the dictation and translation provided in the text is to make the readers encounter the "cracks" from which the buried and fluid pain can be sensed and from which it flows. Chapter three argues that "the painful body" presented by Cha is in a process of "becoming-tortured- skin" which breaks the limitations of boundaries of gender, nationalities, hierarchy and so on so forth, and is energized by the pain buried under the skin of the tortured body, of the text and of the suffering people. Eventually, this chapter looks for new lines of flights in a painful body served as a map.
Chapter four, the conclusion, engages my motivation to see how the entire work of Cha is an on-going movement of "becoming-" and thus it is what Deleuze calls a literary machine as well as a Body without Organs which is "smooth" enough to be a smooth space and allows all kinds of intensities to flow in order to generate in a rhizomatic attitude.


The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationships between students' use of social media, their academic performance and creativity in the digital era.,This research used a survey strategy for collecting primary data required for this study from 334 students of undergraduate programs at Chinese universities who were sampled through a non-probability convenience approach.,The findings of the study reveal that students' use of social media is positively associated with students' academic performance and creativity. In addition, intrinsic motivation was found to be a mediating reason in the relationships between students' use of social media and students' academic performance and creativity.,This study explored an important role of intrinsic motivation as a mediator in the relationships between students' use of social media and their positive outcomes. Studying the use of social media by students to their positive study outcomes is also practically important for students, educationalists and other policymakers.


In the introduction of this article, the author outlines the possible theoretical approaches to the study of the identity of the ethnic group of Bunjevci, based on the results of her research of their cultural heritage. The author suggests that the research on the ethno-genesis of Bunjevci should be related to the research of their identity on theoretical level, because she considers this to be the correct way to reach certain conclusions on the construction of the identity of Bunjevci in the historical context. By combining research of their traditional and of their contemporary culture, we can ensure a holistic approach in the research of the issues of their identity. Furthermore, the author compares the influence of ethnical, cultural, social, historical, political, and environmental-climatic factors on the construction of identity of Coastal and Danube Bunjevci. Political pressures on Bunjevci in the Danube region have highly influenced the construction of their multiple identities: under the constant pressure to prove their belonging to Croatian nation, they have adopted specific differential markers of their ethnic and cultural identity. Unlike the Bunj evci in the Danube region, Coastal Bunjevci live in the region inhabited by population of the same nationality and religion, but they differ from the surrounding population historically, socially, culturally and linguistically, and they self-identify primarily in the relation to the population of the town of Senj. Both branches of Bunjevci base their identity on specific elements of their traditional cultural heritage. The author outlines the differences in the process of creation of their identity, from objective as well as subjective point of view, using the examples of specific elements of the cultural heritage of Bunjevci: their traditional clothing and economy, as well as the ideas and notions they have of themselves and other branches of Bunjevci. Traditional clothing of Coastal Bunjevci represents one of the distinctive features of their identity, because their attitude towards the specificities of their own culture is negative. The way they dress is considered rural, as compared to the urban clothing style of the population of the town of Senj, which clearly shows the negative attitude they have towards their own culture. In the region of Krasno Polje, the active role of the association Cuvarice ognjista Krasno (Keepers of the Hearth - Krasno) contributes to a different attitude towards the traditional clothing in that region. The style of clothing of Backa Bunjevci in the region around the towns of Subotica and Sombor, who form a part of the Danube Bunjevci branch, is also a symbol of their identity, but unlike Coastal Bunjevci, they show great appreciation for their traditional costume and represent it at numerous festivals and occasions as the symbol of their cultural identity.


A theoretical method is presented for solving the free vibration of angle-ply laminated cylindrical shells. The angle-ply laminated shell is macroscopically modeled as a thin shell of general anisotropy by using the classical lamination theory. The functional derived from the Flugge-type shell theory is minimized by following the Ritz procedure, and arbitrary combinations of boundary conditions at both ends are accommodated by introducing newly developed admissible functions. A computer code is made to verify the validity of the present method, and the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the laminated cylindrical shells are given for some typical edge conditions numerically.


Recently, an approach for determining the value of a visualization was proposed, one moving beyond simple measurements of task accuracy and speed. The value equation contains components for the time savings a visualization provides, the insights and insightful questions it spurs, the overall essence of the data it conveys, and the confidence about the data and its domain it inspires. This articulation of value is purely descriptive, however, providing no actionable method of assessing a visualization's value. In this work, we create a heuristic-based evaluation methodology to accompany the value equation for assessing interactive visualizations. We refer to the methodology colloquially as ICE-T, based on an anagram of the four value components. Our approach breaks the four components down into guidelines, each of which is made up of a small set of low-level heuristics. Evaluators who have knowledge of visualization design principles then assess the visualization with respect to the heuristics. We conducted an initial trial of the methodology on three interactive visualizations of the same data set, each evaluated by 15 visualization experts. We found that the methodology showed promise, obtaining consistent ratings across the three visualizations and mirroring judgments of the utility of the visualizations by instructors of the course in which they were developed.


Background: As individuals grow older, they may be more susceptible to chronic diseases, which can affect their overall health. Periodontitis, for instance, is one of the most common oral diseases that result from prolonged exposure to pathogens. The main etiology of periodontitis is dental biofilms, but several risk factors may also affect the progression of the disease. Purpose: The study aimed to determine whether there was an association between age, gender and education level and the severity of periodontitis using the 2017 American Academy of Periodontology (AAP) classification. Methods: A retrospective analytical study was used to determine the stage and grade of periodontitis in relation to age, gender and education level. Secondary data in the form of medical record status was analysed using software applications. Results: The distribution of periodontitis was 66.7% in pre-elderly patients (45–59 years), 61.5% in male subjects and 39.7% in individuals with middle education levels. Using chi-square analysis, the severity of periodontitis showed a statistically significant correlation with age (p=0.01) and gender (p=0.003). In contrast, the level of education was not statistically correlated to the severity of periodontitis (p=0.887). The percentage of stage IV grade B was highest in elderly patients (65.38%), while stage IV grade C was the highest in male subjects (41.67%). Conclusion: The study showed that age and gender significantly influenced the occurrence and severity of periodontitis, while education level showed the opposite.


Recent technological development has made the mobile service more affordable. The third generation mobile technology service 3G has brought these services faster. University students are a large user of these mobile services and they are in the perfect age to adopt any better technological innovation. To move on with the advanced world, internet is an inseparable issue and advanced technological innovation like 3G has made the internet use more comfortable. Adoption of 3G can bring greater benefit of internet use. With this view, thus this study is focused on evaluating the considerable factors in adoption of 3G. This study has gone through several literatures. [1], [2] These studies mainly addressed adoption of 3G in relation to perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness etc. However still there are some factors which are not considered in the literature like; perceived cost, perceived enjoyment and perceived service quality. To address this deficiency, the current study has proposed a conceptual framework (See figure*). To understand the proposed framework, the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is considered as a grounded theory. In the proposed framework perceived cost, perceived enjoyment and perceived service quality on 3G adoption is considered as new factors in the context of university students of Bangladesh. It will apply empirically considering both private and public university students of Bangladesh. It is expected that the current study will contribute theoretically proving the relationship of perceived cost, perceived enjoyment and perceived service quality with other variables and practically it will be helpful for service operators.


Objectives: To synthesize the evidence on the effects of exposure to natural environment on mental health to inform future policymaking, practice, and research. Methods: A systematic search of nine major databases and additional sources were conducted using relevant keywords for the natural environment and mental health till November 2019. We included systematic reviews or meta-analyses reporting any measures of associations between the natural environment and mental health. The data on study characteristics and research findings were extracted using the JBI data extraction tool and synthesized narratively.Results: Twenty reviews were included in this umbrella review reporting both correlational and experimental studies. Among diverse population groups, the exposure to the natural environment was associated with improvements in depressive symptoms, anxiety, mood disorders, stress, cognitive and emotional functions, affect, happiness, and overall mental wellbeing. Conclusions: The findings of this review inform beneficial mental health outcomes associated with exposure to the natural environment. This umbrella review suggests collaborative policymaking, advanced research, and evidence-based practice protecting the natural environment and improving mental health across populations.


An air purifier using underwater bubbles according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises: an air path unit having an inflow opening, at an upper part thereof, for the inflow of air, a path part provided between the inflow opening and a discharge opening and forming a supply path, of which the upper part is wide and the lower part is narrow, and discharge slits, provided on the outer side wall, for the discharge of purified air; an optical filter unit for sterilizing and purifying the air, flowing from the inflow opening to the discharge opening, by light and a photocatalyst; an air suction unit for suctioning the air through the inflow opening and discharging the same through the discharge opening; a bubble generating unit positioned in the discharge opening of the air path unit and having a nozzle for generating bubbles in water; and a bubble port unit for storing a liquid for generating bubbles by the bubble generating unit. Therefore, the air purifier can increase a sterilization effect on bacteria in air in comparison to a conventional air purifier, has a low possibility of bacterial propagation on a filter itself, has a simple operating method, can be easily carried so as to be easily installed in a desired use place, does not require the replacement of a pore filter, and can use the filter nearly semi-permanently.


A Construction of buildings on the beach is needed to provide facilities and infrastructure. An analysis of bearing capacity and foundation settlement for building construction is necessary to avoid structural failure. This study analyzed bearing capacity and foundation settlement on the East coast of Bangka Regency, Bangka Belitung Island Province, including Tikus Beach, Takari Beach and Karang Mas Air Anyir Beach, based on field data from Cone Penetration Test (CPT). Result showed that the level of soil consistency, bearing capacity, and foundation settlement can be analyzed by combining the structural loads for the 1 to 5 floor buildings. Bearing capacity of shallow foundation was calculated using the Meyerhof (1976) method, whereas the deep foundation is using the Meyerhof (1956) method. Settlement of shallow foundation was calculated using the Steinbrenner (1934) method, whereas the deep foundation is using the Vesic (1970) method. This study found the soil consistency levels at three locations had the range from medium to hard level. The analysis of foundation bearing capacity showed that the greater of soil bearing capacity, the smaller of foundation dimensions. The greater the load that must be held by the foundation, the greater the size of the foundation needed to withstand it. The analysis of the settlement showed that the smaller of the soil bearing capacity, the greater of settlement. The greater the load that must be withheld by the foundation, the foundation settlement will greater.


The distension politics announced by the leader of Brazilian government since 1974, and the failure of the armed struggle, became urgent for left-wing organizations to re-evaluate both the ways to fight against the dictatorship and, for most of them, the meaning of democracy assumed for those who still fighting for socialism. This article analyses the debate within the Tendencia Proletaria (TP), an articulation that leftist Brazilian organizations and militants tried to construct in the middle of the decade of the 70 and that had in the Brasil Socialista magazine its most known public expression. The rough polemic, whose intensity led to the rupture of the initial composition of TP, mobilized a rich repertoire of arguments from which it is possible to observe the different approaches to the theme of democracy between Marxists militants as well as some questions about the lasting fragility of democracy in Brazil.


Ad hoc wireless networks of deeply embedded devices such as micro-sensors and microactuators have emerged as one of the key growth areas for wireless networking and computing technologies. So far these networks/systems have been designed with static and custom architectures for specific tasks, thus providing inflexible operation and interaction capabilities. Various architectures are currently trying to make sensor networks programmable and open to transient users. Most of these schemes though, promote algorithms that are too centralized and/or too interactive (i.e. the user is involved in the control loop most of the time), losing the efficiency these highly resource-limited systems need. Our approach employs active networking concepts in the form of lightweight and mobile control scripts that allow the computation, communication, and sensing resources at the sensor nodes to be efficiently harnessed in an application-specific fashion. The replication/migration of such scripts in several sensor nodes allows the dynamic deployment of distributed algorithms into the network. Although these mobile control scripts have similarities to mobile agents for traditional data networks, a framework to support them has different considerations than its traditional data network counterpart. The paper discusses these considerations and design choices, and describes SensorWare, our implementation of such a framework.


Catalyst is the key to the selective catalytic reduction(SCR) of NOx,and its properties are directly related to the effect of NOx removal.In the last decadel,ow temperature SCR has received much attention due to its economics.This review summarizes th research status in the low temperature SCR catalyst,including noble metals,metal oxides,zeolites and carbon materials catalysts.The carbon materials catalysts demonstrate good activity and stability at low temperature,and have abetter application prospect.


—This paper presents a hybrid control framework for the motion and action planning of a multi-agent-object system including N robotic agents and M objects, under high level goals expressed as Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) formulas. In particular, we design control protocols that guarantee the transition of the agents as well as the cooperative transportation of the objects by the agents, among predefined regions of interest in the workspace. This allows to abstract the coupled behavior of the agents and the objects as a finite transition system and to design a high-level multi-agent plan that satisfies the agents' and the objects' specifications, given as temporal logic formulas.


The invention relates to a preparation method of alpha-crystal Azalnidipine, which belongs to the field of organic compound preparation. The preparation method of the alpha-crystal Azalnidipine comprises the following steps of: dissolving Azalnidipine methylate in ethyl acetate; dripping cyclohexane into the solution at a certain temperature; crystallizing; filtering; collecting separated crystals; and drying in vacuum. The ethyl acetate and the cyclohexane are used as solvents; the X-diffraction pattern of the prepared alpha-crystal Azalnidipine shows that the purity of the alpha-crystal Azalnidipine is high, the melting point is accordant with a documentary value; the solvent cyclohexane is a second-class solvent stated in 2010-version Chinese pharmacopoeia; the ethyl acetate is a third-class solvent; the cyclohexane and the ethyl acetate are low in toxicity; residues of the solvents after being dried meet requirements; and the preparation method is simple, feasible, and easy to implement.


Using liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LC-ICP-MS), this work investigates the simultaneous separation and quantification of seven transition metal species (Fe, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Cd), based on a separation scheme published by Dionex company that used the spectrophotometric method for quantification. The LC-ICP-MS method overcomes the shortcomings of conventional ferrozine approaches of measuring Fe(II) and total Fe by two separate runs and calculating Fe(III) by the difference of two runs. The advantage is particularly evident in that organo-iron species are found to be the predominant iron species in many natural waters, and the difference method cannot measure the concentration of Fe(III) because ferrozine will not complex with organo-iron species. In the work reported here, the LC-ICP-MS method is successfully applied to the separation of dissolved iron species, as well as six other divalent transition metals in tap water, deionized water, river water, hot springs, and groundwater samples.


Mating is an important part of the daily activities of monarch butterflies in late winter in southern California. Mating activity increased steadily from late January 1972 until late February 1972. During the final week of February this activity decreased, coincident with the dispersal of butterflies from their clustering areas. Prior to mating, males pursue, capture and overcome resistance by female butterflies. In flights of mated pairs only males flap their wings. In overwintering areas male monarchs apparently do not signal females as reported for other danaid butterflies. Males frequently pursue and attempt copulation with other males; but since they more frequently pursue and canture females, they are evidently able to discriminate between the sexes. Females disapTear from the clustering sites earlier than males and shortly thereafter deposit eggs on local milkweed.


Different microclimates can have significant impact on the physiology of succulents that inhabit arid environments such as the Mojave Desert (California). We investigated variation in leaf physiology, morphology and anatomy of two dominant Mojave Desert monocots, Yucca brevifolia (Joshua tree) and Hesperoyucca whipplei, growing along a soil water availability gradient. Stomatal conductance (gs) and leaf thickness were recorded in the field at three different sites (north-western slope, south-eastern slope, and alluvial fan) in March of 2019. We sampled leaves from three individuals per site per species and measured in the lab relative water content at the time of gs measurements, saturated water content, cuticular conductance, leaf morphological traits (leaf area and length, leaf mass per area, % loss of thickness in the field and in dried leaves), and leaf venation. We found species varied in their gs: while Y. brevifolia showed significantly higher gs in the alluvial fan than in the slopes, H. whipplei was highest in the south-eastern slope. The differences in gs did not relate to differences in leaf water content, but rather to variation in number of veins per mm2 in H. whipplei and leaf width in Y. brevifolia. Our results indicate that H. whipplei displays a higher water conservation strategy than Y. brevifolia. We discuss these differences and trends with water availability in relation to species' plasticity in morphology and anatomy and the ecological consequences of differences in 3-dimensional venation architecture in these two species.


TONON, P. Simulação Numérica de Escoamentos Incompressíveis Através da Análise Isogeométrica. 2016. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia) – Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Civil, UFRGS, Porto Alegre. This work aims to develop a numerical formulation based on Isogeometric Analysis for the study of incompressible flows of Newtonian fluids under isothermal conditions. By using this methodology, pre-processing and analysis procedures are unified, improving the conditions of continuity of the basis functions utilized in the approximations of the equation variables and spatial discretization of the problem. The system of fundamental equations of the fluid flow is constituted by the Navier-Stokes equations and the mass conservation equation, which is described according to the pseudo-compressibility hypothesis. In addition, a constitutive equation for viscous fluids according to Stokes' hypothesis is also provided. Turbulent flows are analyzed using LES (Large Eddy Simulation), where the Smagorinsky's model is adopted for sub-grid scales. The explicit two-step Taylor-Galerkin method is applied into the context of Isogeometric Analysis for the discretization of the flow equations, where spatial discretization is carried out taking into account Non Uniform Rational Basis B-Splines (NURBS) basis functions. These basis functions have advantages over traditional functions employed in the FEM (Finite Element Method). Particularly, it is easier to obtain continuity order higher than C between adjacent elements and geometry representation is more accurate. Pre and post-processing tools for mesh generation and results visualization are also proposed considering the data structure inherent to Isogeometric Analysis. Some classic problems of Computational Fluid Dynamics are analyzed in order to validate the proposed methodology. Results obtained here show that the present formulation has good approximation when compared with predictions obtained by reference authors. Moreover, Isogeometric Analysis is more versatile than traditional finite element formulations when spatial discretization procedures are considered. Key-words: Computational Fluid Dynamics; Isogeometric Analysis; NURBS; Incompressible flows.


Abstract Tagging methods are needed for both adult and juvenile life stages of Pacific lampreys Lampetra tridentata to better understand their biology and factors contributing to their decline. We developed a safe and efficient technique for tagging juvenile Pacific lampreys with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags. We tested the short-term survival of PIT-tagged juvenile lampreys in freshwater at four temperatures (9, 12, 15, and 18°C) and their long-term growth and survival in seawater. For both experiments there was little to no tag loss, and juvenile lampreys in freshwater showed high survival at all temperatures at 7 d (95–100%) and 14 d (88–100%) posttagging. Prolonged holding (40 d) resulted in significantly lower survival (28–79%) at warmer temperatures (12–18°C). For juvenile lampreys tagged in freshwater and then transitioned to seawater, survival was 97% for tagged fish until day 94, and at the end of 6 months, survival was about 58% for both tagged and control fish. About half of the tag...


Objective:To evaluate the clinical value of associated assay of three tumor markers(CEA,CA125,CA153)in the lung cancer diagnosis.Methods:The serum levels of the CEA,CA125and CA153in the samples.Which were from68cases of lung cancer,48benign lung dieases and40healthy controllers were assayed with radioimmunoassay(RIA)and immunoradiometric assay(IRMA)and analyzed statisticalˉly.Results:The average levels of the CEA,CA125and CA153of lung cancer group were all higher than those of benign lung dieasis and healthy controllers,and the diffences were significant.The later TNMperiodized,the higher the levels were.The sensitivity and the veracity of the associated assay of three tumor markers were higher than those of respective assay of three tumor markers.Conclusion:The associated assay of three tumor markers(CEA,CA125,CA153)may provide valubal laboratory proof in the diagnosis and periodization of lung cancers.


On the basis of literature sources and personal observations, it has been shown that the inclusion of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the premedication can eliminate the manifestations of pain in the postoperative period as compared to the patients who used opiates. At the same time, after the surgery, they keep a good mood, have stable hemodynamics, which allows their early transfer to self-care.


Feelings of awe can generate well-being. The typical explanation of this is that an otherwise self-absorbed individual now experiences something so vast that it forges a humble new perspective of self. Self-absorption is replaced by altruistic characteristics that result in a sense of well-being. However, the observations of Martin Heidegger, Jean-Paul Sartre, and Carl Rogers provide an existential framework for understanding the human being in relation to the world and well-being within that framework. And such a framework offers a different perspective on how the experience of awe produces well-being. Existentially understood, incongruence is the anti-thesis of well-being. Incongruence is developed by a hyper-focus on external conditions of worth. Rather than a remedy to self-absorption, the experience of awe offers the remedy of self-absorption, towards congruence. This article will explore key observations by each existentially principled thinker to display this framework in order to comprehend how awe produces well-being within it.


A hierarchical control system is being developed and applied to a mixed culture bioprocess in a continuous stirred tank reactor. A bioreactor, with its inherent complexity and non-linear behavior was an interesting, yet, difficult application for control theory. The bottom level of the hierarchy was implemented as a number of integrated set point controls and data acquisition modules. Within the second level was a diagnostic system that used expert knowledge to determine the operational status of the sensors, actuators, and control modules. A diagnostic program was successfully implemented for the detection of stirrer malfunctions, and to monitor liquid delivery rates and recalibrate the pumps when deviations from desired flow rates occurred. The highest control level was a supervisory shell that was developed using expert knowledge and the history of the reactor operation to determine the set points required to meet a set of production criteria. At this stage the supervisory shell analyzed the data to determine the state of the system. In future implementations, this shell will determine the set points required to optimize a cost function using expert knowledge and adaptive learning techniques.


The study was undertaken from May 2007 to June 2008 to determine the prevalence of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in humans and dogs in four regions of Pakistan. Humans and dogs were screened for the disease and potential positive cases were identified on the basis of skin lesions. Samples of blood and skin lesions were collected for thin smear and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) examination. PCR analyses of clinical samples were found to be positive for a single schizodeme of Leishmania tropica. It was also revealed that PCR could detect DNA from less than a single parasite and can be effectively used in epidemiological surveys. Both dry and muco-purulent cutaneous forms of the disease were found to be endemic in the North, South and West of Pakistan. The East and South-eastern regions were non endemic. No case of visceral form of disease was encountered during the period of study from any part of the country. In Northern Pakistan the disease was most prevalent in humans in November 2007 (661) and least prevalent during February 2008 (292) while in dogs the highest prevalence was during November 2007 (24%) and lowest prevalence in January 2008 (5%). In Southern Pakistan the highest human disease prevalence was in April 2008 (518 cases) and lowest disease detections in June 2007 with 308 cases. In dogs, the highest number of cases were in December 2007 (25% cases) and least number during July 2007 (9% cases). In Western Pakistan the human disease prevalence was highest in October 2007 (281 cases) and lowest during Feb.2008 (66 cases) while in dogs most cases were detected in Nov. 2007 (21% cases) and the number of cases was lowest in Feb. 2008 (8%). Keyword: Cutaneous leishmaniasis, PCR, dogs, humans.


Background: Stress fractures of sacrum are rare overuse injuries. They are difficult to diagnose, because usually the symptoms are thought to result from other reasons in the pelvic area. Purpose: To report a series of sacral stress fractures in athletes and physically active older individuals. Study design: Case series. Methods: During the years 1996 – 2009 a total of 40 cases of sacrum stress fractures were treated in Private Hospital Sports Clinic in Turku, Finland and RFEA Clinic, Madrid, Spain. MRI was used for diagnosis in all patients but one. Results: All athletes were able to start running 2.5 months after the diagnosis and full training was possible after 3.5 months. Initial radiography was negative in all patients. Conclusion: Early MRI is recommended in endurance runners. Older individuals and amenorrheic females with possibly osteoporotic bones require longer resting period from impact training. Compensative training program is safe and doesn't interfere the healing of sacrum stress fracture.


An efficient, protocol for in vitro germination seeds of and micropropagation of two the valuable indigenous medicine Orchids namely; Bulbophyllum lilacinum Ridl. and Cymbidium aloifoloum (L) Sw. were developed by enhanced shoot multiplication, nodal and leaf segments was designed. The medium type and various carbon sources, plant growth regulators markedly influenced in vitro propagation of B. lilacinum Ridl. and C. aloifoloum (L) Sw. The in vitro protocorms production system was investigated on three 0.8% (w/v) agar solidified basal media namely; Phytomax Sigma Chemical Co. (PM), Modified Vacin and Went (MVW), Murashige and Shook,1962 (MS) medium with the synergistic combination of Auxin (IAA 1.0-2.0 mgl, IBA 2 mgl, NAA 1.0-2.0mgl, 2,4-D 1.0mgl) , Cytokinins (BAP 0.5-2.0mgl, Kn 0.5-2mgl) and 2% -3% sucrose which induced maximum number of shoots as well as beneficial shoot length. Sub culturing of nodal segments and leaf segments on similar medium enabled continuous production of healthy shoots with similar frequency. Rooting was highest (2.96 cm) on half strength MS medium containing 1.5% sucrose. The in vitro growing seedling were then transferred to outside natural environment through successive phases of acclimatization.


The Effect of chloride ion on electrochemical behavior of N80 steel in CO2 saturated solutions were examined by potentiodanymic and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS).The results showed that increasing NaCl content in the solution,the anodic dissolution rate of N80 steel in CO2 saturated solution increased firstly,and then decreased.While for the cathodic reaction rate,it slowly decreased with increasing NaCl content in the solution.


Using medical cannulas of 0.5 mm inside diameter, micro-cores were taken at three circurnferential heights from five spruce trees [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] in the Ore Mountains (Germany). The micro-cores were taken every second week during the growing seasons of 1996 and 1997 and light-microscopy studies were made on the micro-cores. The number of xylem and phloem cells, and total cell count in the cambial zone, were tabulated for each sampIe. Determination of the intra-annual cellular growth rate of conifers is simplified and will be possible also in long-term experiments. Preliminary evaluations of the wound response indicate that this micro-coring technique causes minimal injury.


The ever‐growing demand for low‐cost, high‐energy‐density lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) makes high‐nickel layered oxide cathodes, especially LiNiO2 (LNO), one of the most appealing candidates. However, poor structural and surface instability that leads to a short cycle life remains a formidable challenge. Herein, a systematic investigation of LNO performance in two different electrolytes (a conventional carbonate‐based LP57 electrolyte and an ether‐based localized high‐concentration electrolyte (LHCE)) with different charge cut‐off voltages is presented. These findings show that the cathode‐electrolyte reactivity is the main factor dictating the performance degradation of LNO at high voltages rather than bulk integrity. While LHCE can provide good stability beyond 4.2 V with a robust, uniform solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer on the Li‐metal anode, there is no significant difference in cyclability at 4.15 V (96% capacity retention after 200 cycles) for both LP57 and LHCE. From LNO symmetric cells, carbonate‐based electrolyte is found to be good for LNO stability while ether‐based electrolyte is beneficial toward Li‐metal anode. Thus, a suitable electrolyte or a low cut‐off voltage is necessary to maintain a decent cycle life. Altogether, this work highlights the impact of electrolyte and cut‐off voltage on LNO and Li‐metal, which can help guide the development of cells based on LNO.


I. The social sciences differ from the physical in that the observer's interest lies within them, 1. — The contractual and the institutional views of society, 5. — Corresponding types of investigation, 6. — The genetic point of view, 7. — II. Group research and its promise, 11. — Induction and deduction, 12. — Fruitful hypotheses essential, 14. — Individual research; the constructive imagination, 15. — Promising types of research, 16. — The limitations and promise of research, 23.


We describe an experimental system supporting the creation of highly interactive simulations which are rich in media and structure. Strengths include author-modiiable schema, author-reconngurable front ends, and relatively straightforward extensibility to new media types and search methods. The framework of meta-media distributed databases (MMDD) manages associations of arbitrary renderable objects (such as structured text, 3D-graphics, musical scoreeles, video, certain exe-cutables) using a hybrid object-oriented, relational database abstraction. Key features of the architecture include (1) atoms that are not traditional documents but abstract entities, which endows the MMDD with unusual exibility, and (2) object-oriented core mediating classes which provide rational, extensible meta-data-and content-based services. The MMDD was designed around the projected needs of faculty and their assistant authors, based on extensive experience with creating multimedia simulations. It currently supports several distributed media testbeds in the elds of drama, history, music, foreign languages , and art.


We provide a historical perspective of how the notion of correlations has evolved within quantum physics. We begin by reviewing Shannon's information theory and its first application in quantum physics, due to Everett, in explaining the information conveyed during a quantum measurement. This naturally leads us to Lindblad's information theoretic analysis of quantum measurements and his emphasis of the difference between the classical and quantum mutual information. After briefly summarizing the quantification of entanglement using these ideas, we arrive at the concept of quantum discord, which naturally captures the boundary between entanglement and classical correlations. Finally we discuss possible links between discord, which the generation of correlations in thermodynamic transformations of coupled harmonic oscillators.