The attention given to water management has increased lately due to the growing problem of water scarcity worldwide and rising conflicts between water users. Research conducted in the region of Oecusse on the western side of Timor Leste. As is typical of the uplands of Timor-Leste, the ecology is fragile and bears the negative impact of slash-and-burn agriculture, which also negatively impacts already inadequate water resources. The lack of clean water sources, sanitation and hygienic practices in the area lead to health problems. This research is focusing on how the implementation, challenges, and impact of protect community water sources through the adoption of micro-watershed management. This study uses a qualitative approach. The sample was taken by purposive sampling, by selecting a number of respondents who were involving and knowing how efforts to protect water resources by using micro-watershed management. The research found that community was participating on the micro-watershed have fenced to protect the springs from encroachment from wild and farm animals. One of the important factors of community participation is the establishment of the Water Management Committees (WMC). It is focused on conservation and protection of micro-watershed. Access of women and marginalized groups to water was better, particularly in those belonging to WMCs which had established rules on distributing and collecting water. With well-organized management of water collection, the residents had certain schedules for collecting water and it was time-saving for them.


For the first time in Argentine bibliography a chondroma of the vertebra with extradural dorsal medular compression, is described. The clinical characteristics of the onset by intermitent medular claudication of Dejerine and the painless evolution until surgical intervention, are stressed. The bibliography is put up to date and the radiographics signs and the pathologic anatomy of the chondromas, are studied.


ABSTRACT This article explores the articulation and experience of Soviet gendered ideology regarding work in the Tajik SSR, one of the Muslim Soviet peripheries, during the post-war period ending with Perestroika. Central Asian women's work was used for economic purposes, as well as being a key driver for fulfilling the ideological objective of emancipating Central Asian women from religion and tradition. Through a feminist postcolonial geography approach, attentive to questions of discourse and material lived experiences, this article explores the ways in which gender and ethnicity were co-produced by Soviet ideology. Analysis of scientific publications produced by Tajikistani female researchers, and of women's magazines from the 1950s, is contrasted with ethnographic data on workers from various collective farms and semi-urban places, including 'work heroines' (peshqadam). Our findings illustrate the hybrid nature of the Soviet regime, advancing theoretical debates on the use of postcolonial theory in Soviet Central Asia.


Abstract In 2012, James Stewart published an article in this journal. The piece – 'The End of "Modes of Liability" for International Crimes' – argued for the abolition of accomplice liability in international criminal law and the adoption of a unitary model of participation in crime. This article argues that Stewart's proposal is flawed. As a matter of moral responsibility, the distinction between principals and accomplices follows from the recognition of individuals as moral agents. Turning to ordinary criminal responsibility, neither practical benefits nor expressive benefits nor the mitigating effects of the distinctive institution of criminal sentencing justifies the abolition of the distinction between principals and accomplices. Moreover, despite the collective nature of many international crimes, international criminal law ought to strive to accurately differentiate, in the attribution of responsibility, among participants. Only a differentiated model of participation can accurately and defensibly capture the different ways that individuals contribute to wrongdoing.


The invention discloses a novel mechanical mousetrap. The mousetrap comprises three parts, namely a mousetrap body, a trigger mechanism and a locking mechanism, wherein the mousetrap body forms a basic frame of the mousetrap; the function of rapidly closing the mousetrap door is realized by virtue of the trigger mechanism; and the function of locking the mousetrap door is realized by virtue of the locking mechanism. The whole device is compact in structure and easy and convenient to operate, the trigger mechanism is sensitive, and the mousetrap door is rapidly closed, so that mice cannot escape.


Based on statistical analysis for test data from the 15 years of long-term located monitor in cultivated brown soil of Fengcheng,the effect of different fertilizer treatment on soil physical properties and corn yield were studied. The result showed that long-term fertilizer with different chemical manure has made some effects to soil physical properties,organic fertilizer can decreased soil bulk density significantly,and it can increased soil porosity also. Long-term combined application of organic fertilizer and N,P,K is very important for improving soil fertility and corn yield.


Global economic, financial crisis and energetic resources scarcity promotes the creation of new policies that help to reduce and to optimize energy employment. Developed countries´s offices buildings have been reached by these policies because of the high the energy consumption, using 40% of the total consumption. Provide intelligence to a building through a management system implementing energy efficiency strategies is essential to reduce energy consumption. This paper presents the analysis, design and development of offices building illumination management system with the focus on to reduce its energetic consumption.


Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of compound azintamide enteric-coated tablet in the treatment of patients with post-cholecystectomy dyspepsia.Methods A multicentre,randomized,double-blinded,placebo-controlled trail was conducted.A total of 120 patients with post-cholecystectomy dyspepsia were divided into azintamide group (n=60) and placebo group (n=60),taking compound azintamide enteric-coated tablet or placebo 100 mg each time,three times per day for 28 days.The score of each dyspeptic symptom (abdominal distension,loss of appetite,early satiety,belching,nausea,abdominal pain or abdominal discomfort) and total score of dyspepsia were evaluated prior to study and on the 7th,14th,21st and 28th day after treatment.The efficacy of the improvement of dyspeptic symptoms was compared between the two groups on the 28th day after treatment and the safety was evaluated.The score of the quality-of-life was compared between the two groups prior to study and on the 28th day after treatment.The t-test or chi-square test was performed for statistical analysis.Results The scores of abdominal distension,belching,nausea,abdominal pain or abdominal discomfort and the total score of azintamide group on the 7th day after treatment (5.7±3.1,3.5±2.1,0.3±0.1,3.3±1.7 and 17.9±9.6) were significantly lower than those prior to study (8.9±5.3,5.3±2.5,0.9±0.4,4.5±3.7,24.3±14.5;t=3.758,3.976,10.494,2.125 and 2.654,allP<0.05).On the14th,21st and28thday after treatment in azintamide group,the score of each dyspeptic symptom and the total score were lower than those prior to study.The symptom of abdominal distension significantly improved on the 7th,14th,21st and 28th day after treatment in placebo group,and the score of early satiety and total score of dyspepsia were significantly lower on the 28th day after treatment compared with those before treatment.In azintamide group,the total efficacy rate was 66.7% (40/60),which was higher than that of placebo group (38.3%,23/60) and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =9.653,P < 0.01).On the 28th day after treatment,SF-NDI of azintamide group was 4.4±3.4,which was significantly lower than that of placebo group (9.6±6.0) and the difference was statistically significant (t=5.450,P<0.01).In azintamide group there was one patient with rash on the 7th day after treatment,and in placebo group there was one patient with headache on the 14th day after treatment.The symptoms disappeared seven days after medicine withdrawal.Conclusion Compound azintamide enteric-coated tablet effectively improves dyspeptic symptoms and quality of life in patients with post-cholecysteetomy dyspepsia and has good safety.

Key words:
Compound azintamide enteric-coated tablets;  Postcholecystectomy syndrome; Dyspepsia;  Randomized controlled trial


The internet environment provides an efficient and faster platform to understand and master the students' ideological needs and trends, and also help them to solve the practical problems for the students. In addition, it provides the possibility of making new innovations in ideological and political work in terms of contents, technology and organization. Although universities' ideological and political work is processed smoothly and orderly, problems such as weakness of the work force, lack of creative and transformative ideas, and the uneven level of professionalism still exist. For further improving and innovating the ideological and political work in universities, the universities could continue to explore the rule of network development, to modify the traditional thinking pattern of education management, to build the interactive communication platform, and to integrate the resources for inter-departmental services, etc.


Purpose: For facilitating the current automatic segmentation, in this work we propose a narrow-shell strategy to enhance the information of each contour in the library and to improve the accuracy of the exiting atlas-based approach. Methods: In setting up an atlas-based library, we include not only the coordinates of contour points, but also the image features adjacent to the contour. 139 planning CT scans with normal appearing livers obtained during their radiotherapy treatment planning were used to construct the library. The CT images within the library were registered each other using affine registration. A nonlinear narrow shell with the regional thickness determined by the distance between two vertices alongside the contour. The narrow shell was automatically constructed both inside and outside of the liver contours. The common image features within narrow shell between a new case and a library case were first selected by a Speed-up Robust Features (SURF) strategy. A deformable registration was then performed using a thin plate splines (TPS) technique. The contour associated with the library case was propagated automatically onto the images of the new patient by exploiting the deformation field vectors. The liver contour was finally obtained by employing level set based energy function withinmore » the narrow shell. The performance of the proposed method was evaluated by comparing quantitatively the auto-segmentation results with that delineated by a physician. Results: Application of the technique to 30 liver cases suggested that the technique was capable of reliably segment organs such as the liver with little human intervention. Compared with the manual segmentation results by a physician, the average and discrepancies of the volumetric overlap percentage (VOP) was found to be 92.43%+2.14%. Conclusion: Incorporation of image features into the library contours improves the currently available atlas-based auto-contouring techniques and provides a clinically practical solution for auto-segmentation. This work is supported by NIH/NIBIB (1R01-EB016777), National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.61471226 and No.61201441), Research funding from Shandong Province (No.BS2012DX038 and No.J12LN23), and Research funding from Jinan City (No.201401221 and No.20120109)« less


A Climate Change Damage Function (CCDF) is a reduced form relationship linking macroeconomic aggregates (e.g., potential GDP) to climate indicators (e.g., average temperature levels). This function is used in a variety of studies about climate change impacts and policy analysis. However, despite the fact that this function is key in determining results in many integrated assessment models, it is not typically calibrated in a consistent and rigorous way. This paper presents a novel approach, in which several different impacts of climate change are first assessed by means of a full-fledged computable general equilibrium model of the world economy, then results are interpolated to get a simple relationship of the CCDF type. The estimated CCDF is compared with other popular functions used in the literature, to highlight the possible implications associated with the alternative adoption of this functional relationship.


Next to farming and forestry, engineering probably has more effect upon the environment than any other human activity. Civil, mechanical and chemical engineering have all produced dramatic changes world-wide. The past 20 years in New Zealand have seen a noticeable change in attitude towards the environment on the part of many engineers and engineering organisations. This change has been orientated towards greater and more detailed understanding of the environmental effects of engineering works on the ecology of reserves, rivers, lakes and the landscape generally.


Carotid stenosis is a risk factor of ischaemic stroke and has an increasing prevalence with age. Stroke risk under optimised medical therapy, as well as recommendations of carotid artery endarterectomy/stenting, as therapy in high risk carotid stenosis, are discussed in consideration of recent research results.


We have studied two types of InGaN laser diodes emitting at 410 and 440 nm, looking for the presence of the efficiency "droop" and its influence on the performance of these devices. By measuring the devices in two experimental geometries: a) along the resonator axis, b) perpendicularly to the cavity, we were able to conclude that the light emission process in these laser diodes operating below the threshold are governed by two mechanisms: Auger-like effect and the stimulated recombination. The competition of these two mechanisms leads to the suppression of the droop if the light is observed along the axis of the cavity. The relatively low onset of the stimulated recombination may account for the robustness of these devices against the nonradiative process (Auger-like recombination) appearing at high current densities. Additionally, we performed the characterization of InGaN light emitting diodes grown on substrates with varied In content and defect density. The results clearly demonstrate that the droop is not related in any way with the above mentioned parameters at least in the dislocation density range between 105 and 109 cm-2 and In composition range between 0.1-0.15. (© 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Objective
To summarize the experience of endovascular embolization for the treatment of posterior circulation aneurysms.

Methods
The clinical and follow-up data of 65 patients with posterior circulation aneurysm treated with endovascular embolization in Jiangmen Central Hospital, Guangdong Province were analyzed retrospectively.

Results
A total of 65 patients with posterior circulation aneurysm received endovascular embolization in Jiangmen Central Hospital, including 30 females (46.2%) and 35 males (53.8%). Their age ranged from 37 to 76 years old (mean 57.3±10.25). Ruptured aneurysms were found in 57 cases (87.7%) and unruptured aneurysms were found in 8 cases (12.3%). Parent arteries: 22 (33.8%) in vertebral artery, 23 (35.4%) in basilar artery, 3 (9.2%) in posterior cerebral artery, 2 (3.1%) in superior cerebellar artery, 2 (3.1%) in anterior inferior cerebellar artery, and 10 (15.4%) in posterior inferior cerebellar artery. Hunt-Hess grade: grade Ⅰ in 15 cases, grade Ⅱ in 29 cases, grade Ⅲ in 11 cases, grade Ⅳ in 6 cases, and grade Ⅴ in 4 cases. Twenty-one patients (32.3%) were treated with coil embolization alone, 29 (44.6%) were treated with stent-assisted coil embolization, 6 (9.2%) were treated with stenting alone, and 9 (13.8%) were treated with parent artery embolization. Immediate angiography after surgery revealed that 54 patients (83.1%) were completely embolized, and 11 (16.9%) were not embolized completely. Three patients (4.6%) complicated with cerebral infarction, 2 (3.1%) had intraoperative rupture, 2 had respiratory disturbance (3.1%), 1 (1.5%) had hoarseness, and 1 had vitreous hemorrhage (1.5%). At discharge, the modified Glasgow outcome scale assessment showed that 53 patients (81.5%) had excellent outcome, 5 (7.7%) had good outcome, and 7 (10.8%) had poor outcome. Of the patients with poor outcome, 2 (3.1%) died. Thirty-four patients (52.3%) were followed up by angiography, of whom 6 (17.6%) recurred, and 1 died of complicated cerebral infarction.

Conclusion
Although endovascular treatment of posterior circulation aneurysms is difficult, flexible selection of endovascular treatment may achieve good therapeutic effect.

Key words:
Intracranial Aneurysm; Endovascular Procedures; Embolization, Therapeutic; Treatment Outcome


Abstract: Several α‐adrenergic receptor agonists and antagonists were used to strengthen the earlier findings that the stimulation by (‐)‐norepinephrine of 32P1 incorporation into acidic phospholipids, especially phosphatidylinositol, in the rat pineal gland is mediated through α‐adrenergic receptors. Dopamine was able to induce similar stimulation, although always to a smaller extent than equimolar concentrations of norepinephrine. The dopaminergic agonists apomorphine and piribedil did not increase phosphatidylinositol labeling. A number of antagonists considered to act primarily at dopaminergic or α‐adrenergic receptors respectively completely prevented dopamine from exerting its effect. Both types of antagonists also were able to inhibit in varying degree the elevation of phospholipid labeling induced by norepinephrine. Dopamine increased phosphatidylinositol turnover without first being converted to norepinephrine, inasmuch as dopamine β‐hydroxylase inhibitors had no influence on dopamine activity. Dopamine and α‐agonists competitively activated the receptors involved in the phospholipid effect. The conclusion drawn from the several lines of evidence is that only α‐adrenergic receptors are concerned with the changes in pineal phospholipid metabolism brought about by the various agonists used and that the action of dopamine occurs through these receptors rather than through discrete dopaminergic receptors.


Polymer electrolyte is a good ion conductor in lithium-ion battery with an excellent performance in conductivity, ion mobility and ion transport number. Some researches show strengthening mechanisms of polymer electrolyte membranes correlated with macromolecules group weight of PEGDME such as concentration of compounded Li+ salt. Ion transport in glassy polymer electrolytes including polymer backbones with same mesogenic chains can affect amorphous structure and relaxation at ambient temperature. In addition, singe crystal structure polymer electrolytes have various internal microstructures and external properties such as conductivity and charge or discharge stability in electrochemical that correlating with layers of ion diffusion and forming.


The problem of ratoon cane with low yield and low effective were studied from new plants cultural, harvest and cutting quality, ratoon cane management and nutrients in the fields and combining the production, pointed out that using the sharp holing to cut and protecting the cane, the leaves return to the fields, covered with film and to protect the moisture, loosing and fertilizer applyed, pests and diseases, weeds control in the early cultural techniques"call these Three Early".


The invention belongs to the technical field of processing of daily necessities, and provides a diaphragma juglandis fructus pillow for solving the problems that the existing health pillow is complicated in structure, poor in pharmacological health efficacy and high in cost. A pillow core composed of diaphragma juglandis fructus splice medicinal bags and juglans regia leaf bags at the number ratio of 2 to 1 is placed into a pillow core sleeve. Diaphragma juglandis fructus is cut into long-strip-shaped slices with width being 1.0-2.5 mm; juglans regia leaves are dried and dehydrated; diaphragma juglandis fructus wood and juglans regia leaves are wrapped by non-woven fabric, thus preparing the diaphragma juglandis fructus splice medicinal bags and the juglans regia leaf bags; the diaphragma juglandis fructus splice medicinal bags and the juglans regia leaf bags are packed into the pillow core sleeve; the pillar core in packed into a pillow sleeve, and the pillow sleeve is sealed. The diaphragma juglandis fructus is matched with the juglans regia leave to achieve the natural health effect on the human body; when used during sleep of a person, the diaphragma juglandis fructus pillow can achieve the efficacies of soothing the nerves and strengthening the brain through the respiratory system of the human body; particularly, the cerebral cortex directly contacts the diaphragma juglandis fructus pillow, so that the effects of cooling and resolving toxins are achieved, and the inside pharmaceutical components can be absorbed by the cerebral cortex, insomnia can be treated, the sleeping quality is improved, and finally the health effect is achieved. A preparation technology is simple, the raw materials are wide in resource, and the use effect is obvious.


There is a long history of medicallyprescribed implantable devices used to assist in treating chronic health conditions. Examples include pacemakers [1], cochlear and retinal implants [2], insulin pumps [3], and deep brain stimulation implants for relief of Parkinson's disease tremors and seizures [4] to name but a few. There is also a growing trend towards wearable consumer electronics for a myriad of applications, including interactive haptic environments [5], healthcare [6], data communications [7], wearable interfaces [8], and people tracking [9]. Artificial Intelligence (AI) continues to make remarkable progress in controlled settings and promises to bring intelligence to everything we interact with [10].


The aim of the present study was to verify the efficiency of ethylene glycol for freezing ram semen. A total of 16 pools of semen was used and each pool was divided in four fractions, which were frozen with ethylene glycol (in concentration of 0.3M, 0.5M or 0.7M) or glycerol (0.72M; control group). The percentage of motile spermatozoa after thawing (initial motility) and after 5 hour of incubation at 37°C (final motility) as well as the final sperm vigor were similar after freezing with ethylene glycol (0.5M) and glycerol (0.7 2M). The other concentrations of ethylene glycol resulted in lower sperm motility and vigor. However, ethylene glycol, in the concentration of 0.5M, was able to increase the number of sperm with intact acrosomes. Seventy ewes were divided into three different treatments (ethylene glycol-0.5M, glycerol-0.72M and fresh semen). The estrous were synchronized and the ewes were inseminated by cervical technique. Forty-five days after finishing the artificial insemination program, pregnancy diagnosis was performed by ultrasound. The pregnancy rate was similar when the ethylene glycol treatment group was compared to the glycerol and fresh semen. However, the percentage of pregnancy was higher in the group of ewes inseminated with fresh semen than with semen frozen with glycerol (p<0.0003). Considering these results, we can conclude that ethylene glycol in a concentration of 0.5M is efficient for freezing ram semen, allowing post-thaw sperm motility similar to glycerol (0.72M) but with higher number of intact acrosomes.


Abstract There is a renewed interest in whether land reforms can contribute to market development and poverty reduction in Africa. This paper assesses effects on the allocative efficiency of the land rental market of the low-cost approach to land registration and certification of restricted property rights that was implemented in Ethiopia in the late 1990s. Four rounds of a balanced household panel from 16 villages in northern Ethiopia are analysed, showing that land certification initially enhanced land rental market participation of (potential) tenant and landlord households, especially those that are headed by females.


Building efficient machine-learning assessment models is an important achievement of empirical software engineering research. Their integration in automated decision-making systems is one of the objectives of this work. It aims at empirically verify the relationships between some software internal artifacts and two quality attributes: maintainability and reusability. Several algorithms, belonging to various machine-learning approaches, are selected and run on software data collected from medium size applications. Some of these approaches produce models with very high quantitative performances; others give interpretable and "glass-box" models that are very complementary.


With the supersymmetry scheme including many-body interactions, the global property and the ΔI = 4 bifurcation in the superdeformed (SD) bands of odd-odd nuclei in A ~ 150 mass region are investigated systematically. Good results for the γ-ray energies, the dynamical moments of inertia, and energy differences are obtained. It shows that this approach is quite powerful in describing not only the SD bands in even-even and odd-A nuclei but also those in odd-odd nuclei in the mass region.


The use of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) has become a popular technique in landslide monitoring in recent years: application of low-cost GNSS sensor technology (simple L1 receivers) has remarkably improved during the last few years and has considerably reduced the cost of GNSS sensors; the deformation monitoring with GNSS measurements is a well-known method which can be employed for both extended and local phenomena such as landslides, where a high level of accuracy is needed.The Guvano coastal landslide is a complex slow gravitational phenomenon located between the hamlets of Vernazza and Corniglia; it shows an extension of approximately 0.15 km2, a maximum length of 650 m measured across the upper portion and a width ranging between 120 m and 400 m at slope toe.From a kinematic point of view, the landslide evolution is characterized by a rock planar slide occurred in 1853 and whose fracture surface was set up of a translational fault plane between shales and argillites (Argille e Calcari di Canetolo Formation) and sandstones (Macigno Formation); at present time, three main sectors are identified: the upper one, characterized by rockfalls and topples along an active scarp, the medium one (medium to high slope angle, characterized by soil slips and earth flows) and the lower one (low slope angle, earth flow reaching the coastline). Collapses related to the right flank usually start as rockfall and then evolve in rock avalanches.An original engineering geomorphological map has been realized: actually a retrogressive failure, consequence of several crown collapses, is well visible and could represent a risk for the village of San Bernardino, located just above the main scarp, and for the safety of cars and pedestrian along a portion of the SP51 County Road. The erosion of the landslide toe by the sea waves action and subsequent offshore transportation of sediments has determined a dangerous condition in terms of remobilization of the landslide mass.Between 2003 and 2004 a geotechnical investigation (soil borings and installation of inclinometers and piezometers) was performed in order to examine the soil and rock stratigraphy of the area and to obtain information about the displacement of the landslide mass, which has alternated active phases with dormant periods: the sliding surface was identified at a depth of 11 meters.The main objective of this work is to detect displacements of the order of a few millimeters by relative positioning of low-cost receivers over a short baseline (about 2-3 km): the monitoring program has started in October 2015 when four GNSS sensors (GeoGuard Monitoring Units - GMU) were positioned along the landslide body.The GMUs include low-cost single-frequency hardware for both receiver and antenna. The receiver module is a u-blox LEA-6T, providing GPS observations which are transferred by mobile connection to the control center (GeoGuard Cloud) and processed by a customized version of the free and open source software goGPS. Single-shot displacement data and trend analyses are then processed and managed by the GeoGuard Cloud, which send it to the end-user service interface.The first results assess the activity of the landslide through the relative displacement detected between two of the deployed GMUs along a vertical (z) component (1 cm/month). With the aim of reducing the RMSE affecting the positioning estimates (currently of the order of 1-5 mm), the baseline length is planned to be further shortened by installing a dedicated reference GPS station outside the landslide mass.


A petrographic study was carried out on boreholes Kudu 9A-2 and 9A-3. The gas-bearing reservoir target interval can be divided into a lower non-marine unit and an upper marine unit. The non-marine unit generally has very good reservoir characteristics with good secondary porosity after the leaching of calcite cement. The present porosity and permeability of these sandstones are determined by the distribution of silica cement, which in turn was controlled by the original carbonate and evaporite cementation of the sandstones. The marine unit comprises a shelly sandstone and a lithic sandstone facies, and has poor reservoir characteristics. Low initial permeabilities in the marine sandstones resulted in the limited passage of pore fluids, an almost closed system and therefore limited authigenesis. The shelly sandstones were pervasively cemented by calcite during shallow burial. Their interbedded nature and fine grain size inhibited dissolution of the calcite, effectively halting diagenesis at that time. The lithic sandstones underwent limited diagenesis and compaction of the ductile lithics resulted in the formation of abundant pseudomatrix. During burial, the alteration and breakdown of igneous clasts resulted in chlorite authigenesis, whereas quartz overgrowths developed where initial porosity was slightly better.


In the background of globalization,importance should be attached to for the cross-cultural enterprises to live and develop.The core of cross-cultural management is the culture mergence.


total extinction of culture under the kings of Gutium' (p. 437). A phenomenon so curious ought not to have been left unexplained. The general get-up of this volume, the paper and print, are all admirable. (I have noticed only two misprints which might confuse: ' Khian of the thirteenth dynasty' for fifteenth (or sixteenth?) on p. 175; and 'Nebuchadrezzar ' on p. 563 should be distinguished as ' Nebuchadrezzar I.') But the maps are most of them miserable affairs. One would have expected one good physical map of Egypt and one of Mesopotamia; or at least one on a smaller scale of the whole of the Middle East from Egypt to Elam. It is vain, I know, to ask for illustrations, though in that section of history which is based entirely or mainly on objects, and for the chapters on art, they are a necessity, especially when there is no special reference in the bibliography to those books where illustrations are to be found. There is such a reference in the bibliography for Mr. Hall's very jejune chapter on the art of early Egypt and Babylonia; but that is no help, for the same reference might as well be given in place of the entire chapter. The general reader may be expected to know the Pyramids, but not the statue of Senusret III. or the stele of Naram-Sin (if he did, he would be surprised to find Mr. Hall saying that the latter is ' undoubtedly fit to rank with the best that Egypt or Crete can produce'); and chapters (intended for general readers) on art without illustrations could be spared. But more important are illustrations of pottery and other objects where these are used to support arguments concerning movements of races or cultures; without them such arguments appear too dogmatic and are sooner forgotten. And we should particularly have liked an illustration to one of Professor Myres' more imaginative efforts : Mongoloid man had protective camouflage in the structure of his hair; ' while its extreme length in both sexes serves to disguise the characteristic profile of the human head and neck, and approximate it to that of a quadruped seen from behind.'


Especially during the first 10 weeks of pregnancy exogenous human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) increased plasma progesterone but the increased duration of the progesterone was only about 1 hour. On the other hand the immunological activity of HCG in plasma the same as urine continued over 24 hours. From these results we speculate that the biological activity of the plasma HCG was broken down very rapidly. We could not recognize the change of plasma estrogen progesterone and urinary estrogen pregnanediol with the administration of HCG after the first trimester of pregnancy.(FULL TEXT)


Derivatives occur TYPE OF BETA-carboline FUNCTIONAL ACID effective as inhibitors of thromboxane synthase, having the formula (I) wherein R1 and R2 are monovalent radicals, (LA) - is a linking group between 4 AND 8 chain atoms, AND IS A GROUP ACIDIC.


The dimensions of the book are too slight to allow Father Journet more than a very summary exposition; one would especially have welcomed a more thorough discussion of mystical theology itself. As it stands, the book is a useful introduction to the subject in its wider setting. From that point of view however, as well as on general grounds, it seems a pity that Father Journet should have relegated such a substantial proportion of his material to footnotes accumulated at the end of chapters. This habit (to which, for some reason, modern Thomists seem to be specially prone), adds quite unnecessarily to the difficulty of reading and may even threaten the unity of such books.


. Continental collision is a crucial process in plate tectonics, whereas our understanding regarding the tectonic 6 complexities at such convergent plate boundary remains largely unclear in terms of the evolution and the controlling 7 parameters of its lateral heterogeneity. In this study, we conducted a series of two-dimensional numerical experiments to 8 investigate how continental lithospheric thermal structure influences the development of lateral heterogeneity along the 9 continental collision zone. Two end members were achieved: 1) Continuous subduction mode, which prevails when the 10 model has a cold procontinental moho (Tmoho ≤ 450 ˚C). In this case, a narrow collision orogen develops, and the 11 subducting angle steepens with the increasing retrocontinental Tmoho. 2) Continental subduction with a slab break-off, 12 which generates a relative wide collision orogen, and dominates when the model has a relative hot procontinental Tmoho (≥ 13 500 ˚C), especially when the Tmoho ≥ 550˚C. In contrast, Hr is the second-order controlling parameter in varying the 14 continental collision mode, while it prefers to enhance strain localization in the upper part of the continental lithosphere and 15 promote the growth of shear zones there. By comparing the model results with geoscience observations, we suggest that the 16 discrepant evolutionary paths from the continuous subduction underlying the Hindu Kush to the continental subduction after 17 slab break-off beneath eastern Tibet may originate from the inherited lateral inhomogeneity of Indian lithospheric thermal 18 structure. Besides, the high content of crustal radioactive elements may be one of the important factors that controls the 19 formation of large thrust fault zones in the Himalayas.


Background: Orthodontic treatment, unlike other variety of treatment, depends not only on the clinician, but also on the patients' point of view. Patients and dentists differ in their evaluation of oral health and the demand for treatment is mostly related to personal concern about appearance and other psychosocial factors. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of orthodontic treatment needs as related to dental health on the oral health-related quality of life of dental students. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study for a random sample of 100 2nd-5th year dental students aged 17-23 years was obtained from the University of Medical Sciences and Technology in Sudan, Alginate impression material, was taken, the cast of each students was studied and measured for different malocclusion traits and each student was assessed for orthodontic treatment need using the Dental Health Component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Needs by taking photographs of the dentition. Each subject was also given an Oral health-related quality to life questionnaire to complete: The Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) Results: In this sample, the oral health- related quality of life was generally overall good. Those with definitive need for treatment showed higher impacts on oral health in relation to functional limitation and physical pain, than those who had borderline need, little need, or no need for treatment. Males with Borderline and definite need for treatment generally showed higher impacts on Oral Health than the female counterparts. This however was not statistically significant.


The role of interferon alpha as maintenance therapy in follicular lymphoma (FL) remains unsolved. We started a controlled clinical trial to assess if interferon alpha 2b could improve outcome, measured with event free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with FL in complete remission after chemotherapy based anthracyclines and adjuvant radiotherapy to sites of initial bulky disease. Three hundred and eighty four patients in complete response after 6 cycles of CEOP-Bleo (cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, vincristine, prednisone and bleomycin, at standard doses), and adjuvant radiotherapy when necessary, were randomized to received Interferon alpha 2b, three times a week for 1 year or no treatment (control group). Median follow up was 9.8 years (range 7.0 - 15 years); actuarial curves showed that EFS was 64% (95% confidence interval (CI) 56 - 71%) in patients treated with interferon that was statistically significant to patients in the control group: 35% (95% CI: 28 - 43%) (p < .01). OS was also statistically significant: 81% in patients treated with interferon (95% CI: 74 - 93%) and 57% (95% CI: 50 - 63%) in the control group (p < .001). Toxicity was mild, all patients received the planned dose of interferon on time. The use of aggressive chemotherapy and maintenance therapy with interferon alpha 2b in follicular lymphoma improved outcome; more than 60% of patients remain alive free of disease at longer follow-up.


A fourth order nonlinear model is derived from a previously developed model (Krause et al., 1988) for an open-loop slip energy recovery induction motor drive. The nonlinear transient model of the open-loop drive is linearized around a steady-state operating point using a small signal perturbation technique and the transfer functions which relate the input and output variables are derived. The block diagram for the closed-loop control system is obtained. The responses of the proportional plus integral (PI) controller employed to control the rotor speed and the PI controller used to control the DC link current are predicted and compared with experimental results. >


Employment protection is often related to costs incurred by firms when they fire a worker. The stability of the employment relationship, enhanced by employment protection, is also favourable to the productivity of the job. We analyse employment protection focusing on this trade-off between adjustment costs and productivity. We show that from a welfare point of view there is an optimal degree of employment protection.


Targeted temperature management (TTM) has been shown to reduce mortality and improve neurological outcomes in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (CA) patients and in neonates with hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). TTM has also been associated with adverse drug events in the critically ill patient due to its effect on drug pharmacokinetics (PKs) and pharmacodynamics (PDs). We aim to evaluate the current literature on the effect of TTM on drug PKs and PDs following CA. MEDLINE/PubMed databases were searched for publications, which include the MeSH terms hypothermia, drug metabolism, drug transport, P450, critical care, cardiac arrest, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics between July 2006 and October 2015. Twenty-three studies were included in this review. The studies demonstrate that hypothermia impacts PK parameters and increases concentrations of cytochrome-P450-metabolized drugs in the cooling and rewarming phase. Furthermore, the current data demonstrate a combined e...


COPYRIGHT © 2022 Chávez. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Increasing access, reducing barriers, and providing enhanced outcomes: Life-cycle thinking in education


The objective of this study is to investigate whether employees' morale will be a factor affecting implementation of performance contracts, to investigate whether accountability will be factor affecting implementation of performance contracts, to find out whether bureaucracy will be a factor affecting implementation of performance contracts, to investigate whether setting objective mechanism will be a factor affecting productivity by use of performance contract and to make recommendations on policy evaluating and implementation of performance contract on public service staff on areas that need improvement to enable and enhance implementation of performance contract that will beneficial to both the government and employees of parastatals as implementation is


A method for checking the operability of a vehicle fuel tank venting system to identify leaks above about 1 mm is aborted if successive values of the pressure of the system taken by a pressure sensor 13 change faster than a predetermined rate making it impossible to make a clear statement about the operability of the venting system, e.g. as may occur if a car door is slammed or a vehicle which is rolling slowly is braked hard. The pressure of the system is monitored throughout the course of the method, preferably the mean value of two successive pressure values is formed and if the difference between the mean value and the current pressure lies outside a preselected dynamic range the method is aborted. The pressure sensor 13 may be connected to venting line 12 running between the fuel tank 10 and the filler neck 11 or may be inserted at any point within the tank venting system. The system comprises a vent line 14 connecting the tank to an activated carbon container 15 having a shut off valve 24, a regeneration line 18 between the container 15 and a throttle valve 19 at the intake of the engine, and an electronic control device 28, the line 18 including a deaeration valve 22. The method preferably involves, by means of opening and closing the deaeration valve and the shut-off valve and taking and comparing pressure readings, checking operational variables relating to the engine and the system (such as vehicle speed, engine coolant temperature, faults in the deaeration valve, lambda controller, throttle valve, pressure sensor or shut off valve) and the method is terminated if preselected values of the operational variables, at which it is possible for a reliable statement to be made about the operability, are not attainable. The control device 28 communicates an ascertained fault acoustically or visually to the driver.


In this study, a multi-objective <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H_{2}/H_{\infty }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> observer-based fault-tolerant control (FTC) design with reverse-order multi-objective evolution algorithm (MOEA) is proposed to deal with the FTC problem of Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy systems. To achieve the optimal robust FTC design for the T-S fuzzy systems under the sensor and actuator faults, as well as external disturbance and measurement noise, the multi-objective <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H_{2} /H_{\infty }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> observer-based FTC scheme is proposed to efficiently estimate the system state and the fault signals based on a proposed smoothed fault signal model. Then, multi-objective <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H_{2}/H_{\infty }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> FTC performance can be achieved by an estimated state and fault signal feedback scheme to efficiently compensate the effect of fault signals and attenuate the effect of external disturbance. By using the proposed indirect method, the multi-objective <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H_{2}/H_{\infty }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> observer-based FTC design problem is transformed into linear matrix inequalities (LMIs)-constrained multi-objective optimization problem (MOP). Besides, to overcome the difficulties in searching large fuzzy parameters of observer-based FTC design for solving the LMIs-constrained MOP, a reverse-order MOEA is proposed to overcome the bottleneck to efficiently solve the MOP for multi-objective <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H_{2}/H_{\infty }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> observer-based FTC of T-S fuzzy system by searching feasible objective vectors in the objective space instead of searching fuzzy design parameters in the parametric space. Two practical examples are considered for the performance validation with (i) <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H_{2}/H_{\infty }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> observer-based FTC design for the missile guidance system with the actuator and sensor fault signals due to the sudden cheating side-step maneuvering and the hostile jamming interference and (ii) <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H_{2}/H_{\infty }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> observer-based FTC design for inverted pendulum system which effected by the constant actuator fault.


Based on a deep analyse of the reason and influnce factor of the audience aggre violence behavior in football match, hoping for a regular and smooth development of football match, the author of this paper provided some countermeasures to prevent and avoid the acts of violence.


In given article is given methods of the studies on revealing the building facilities, promoting improvement to aerations of the town construction site in Bishkek, as well as earl analytical method calculation wind mode of the territory of the region.


Background. Liver cirrhosis is a pathological condition that describes the end stage of liver fibrosis. Fibrosis is currently a two-way process. The process of returning from fibrosis now is a clinical reality. According to Abraldes et al. (2009), administration of simvastatin for one month will increase liver cell regeneration and improve endothelial dysfunction. Liver biopsy is still the gold standard for assessing liver cirrhosis, but this procedure is invasive and has the potential to cause life-threatening complications. Liver biopsy is complicated by sampling errors (reaching 30%) and different abilities between observers. Transient elastography (Fibro scan) is a non-invasive modality for diagnosing liver fibrosis that has high sensitivity and specificity. Aim. The aim of the study was to discover the difference in effect, of simvastatin 20 mg compared to 10 mg for 3 months to improve liver stiffness in patients with liver cirrhosis. Method. The study design used a double blind, randomized clinical trial. The subjects of the study consisted of a group given simvastatin 10 mg / day and the group given simvastatin 20 mg / day for 3 months. Routine medications for cirrhosis were still made according to the original dose. During the study, an initial and final transient elastography examination was carried out and monthly supervision of medication compliance and side effects. Data analysis for statistical tests was carried out by t-test, Mann Whitney test, fisher's-exact test, and ANOVA test. Result. A total of 21 subjects underwent thorough research and transient elastography. The simvastatin 10mg group (n = 12) experienced a decrease in liver stiffness, with a delta mean of liver stiffness of -4.97+7.09 (p <0.023) compared to the simvastatin 20 mg group (n = 9) with a heart stiffness of -4.09 + 10.06 (p= 0.982). Changed liver stiffness in the two groups were not statistically significant differences. Etiology and confounding drugs showed statistically no significant effect. Conclusion. Both simvastatin 10 mg and 20 mg can reduce liver stiffness. The effect of the two doses of the drug in reducing liver stiffness was not statistically significant different.


The year 1998 was an important turning point in the history of Indonesia's democratization. The fall of Suharto on May 21st did not only change the political leadership, but also brought about the transformation of democratic practices, including bureaucratic and governmental reforms. Since then, the Indonesian government has realized that openness and transparency are the key to a modern government. Through the Open Government Indonesia (OGI) movement, the Indonesian government initiated LAPOR, a one-stop shop online platform designed to manage public complaints. LAPOR, under President Jokowi's administration, became a national priority program and is still currently being implemented in municipalities across Indonesia.
The objective of this qualitative research study is to explore the underlying factors influencing the support and/or resistance towards the implementation of OGI by means of im-plementing LAPOR in the municipalities in Indonesia as a nation-wide integrated public complaint management system in municipalities using the model developed by Ebbers & van Dijk (2007). In this model, ten innovation stages ranging from the initiation phase to implementation phase are explained. The absence of activity in any of these stages will serve as the indicator of organiza-tional resistance towards innovation and the presence of activity in these stages will serve as the indicator of organizational support for innovation.
In the data collection stage, primary data were collected through face to face interviews containing 20 semi-structured questions, with the municipality as the unit of analysis. In selecting the interviewees, a purposive sampling method was used, specifically the Homogeneous Sam-pling. This sampling technique accentuate on the selecting units from a specific subgroup who have the same qualifications or have the same professions. From the ten short-listed municipalities, two public servants from the administration level and a decision maker in the organization were interviewed. Following the data collection, a thematic analysis was used to examine the data.
From the findings, potential solutions based on the literature study and interviews were proposed to solve each of the barriers. These appropriate actions were categorized into three main drivers: People, Organization, and System. Additionally, benefits perceived by the municipalities such as citizen satisfaction, enhanced information flow, easier problem mapping were also provided and explained. The information provided in this thesis will be useful for the central government with regard to boosting LAPOR implementation, as well as serving as a guideline for future ICT-based innovation. Due to the limited budget and time in which this research had to be completed, mu-nicipalities were chosen based on geographical proximity. Thus, the results of this study are not representative of all municipalities in Indonesia.


A method to improve the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs is their encapsulation into carriers in amorphous state. Pristine and functionalized SBA-15 mesoporous silica with an ordered 1D hexagonal pore framework are promising carriers for various biologically active molecules encapsulation due to their biocompatibility, high porosity, and the ability to adsorb large amount of drug into their mesopores. The active pharmaceutical ingredient molecules are accommodated mainly in amorphous state into silica pore channels, because of the nano-confinement effect. Thus, by suppressing the drug crystallization energy its solubility is enhanced. The paper presents studies on norfloxacin adsorption into pristine and functionalized SBA-15 silica supports to obtain drug delivery systems, whose behavior was investigated in vitro in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF), pH 7.4. Both SBA-15-type carriers and norfloxacin delivery systems were characterized by various techniques: FTIR spectroscopy, smalland wide-angle XRD, scanning electron microscopy and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms. The norfloxacin release data proved enhanced antibiotic dissolution rate when it is encapsulated into SBA-15-type silica carriers.


Novel proton exchange membranes were solvent-cast from DMF solutions of the terpolymers poly[(MA-alt-S)-co-AMPS], containing hydrophobic phenyl and reactive hydrophilic carboxylic and organo-sulfonic acid fragments with different compositions, and PEGs with different molecular weights and amounts. These membranes were formed as a result of physical (via H-bonding) and chemical (via PEG) cross-linking. The structures of membranes were confirmed by FT-IR and 1 H- and 13 C NMR spectroscopy. Mechanical and thermal properties, swellability, and proton conductivity of these membranes were significantly affected both by the chemical composition of the terpolymers (mainly the AMPS content) and also the cross-linker (PEG) molecular weight and content in the final form of the membranes. It was concluded that the membranes prepared by using the terpolymer with an AMPS content of 36.84 mol-% and PEG with a molecular weight of 1450 and with an initial PEG content of 30 wt.-% are the most suitable ones for fuel cell applications.


A semiconductor device comprising a first semiconductor region having a first semiconductor material. The semiconductor device further includes a second semiconductor region adjoining the first semiconductor region. A second semiconductor region comprises a second semiconductor material different from the first semiconductor material. The semiconductor device further comprises a first semiconductor region in the base region or drift. The semiconductor device further includes an emitter region of the second semiconductor region. A second semiconductor region comprising at least one deep level dopant. The at least one deep level dopant is greater than the solubility of the second semiconductor region of the first semiconductor region.


Hipparcos data for 71 nearby dwarf A0 stars were combined with other data, in particular with high resolution spectra to establish the HR diagram in this temperature range. Almost 30% of unknown binaries were detected and discarded before establishing theM-L rela- tion for bright A0 V eld stars. The relationship derived for these single stars is compared to the classical diagram derived from eclipsing binaries. The scatter of the latter is examined and the role of gravity is discussed. A good agreement is found between the evolution- based surface gravity loggev and the value of loggph ob- tained from photometric data.


With the increasing importance of merging multiple datasets of different imaging modalities for image guided surgery applications, the speed by which such datasets can be registered is crucial. This paper presents a novel approach based on fast Radial Basis Function (RBF) evaluation using the biharmonic spline (BHS) and thin Plate spline (TPS) models for non-linear registration. The new algorithm is evaluated both in standard software and hardware assisted versions. A number of experiments on medical image data are presented, illustrating substantial speedups compared to a 'brute-force' implementation of a radial basis function based registration algorithm. The global transformation accuracy of these techniques has been evaluated by using two sets of anatomical landmarks, one set for calculating the model parameters, and the other set for assessing registration accuracy. Finally, we demonstrate that the technique yields sub-second performance and target registration errors of about 1.2mm on the intra-subject registration of CT and MRI image datasets obtained from the Vanderbilt database, when implemented on the GPU of a standard PC with high-end videoadapter card.


The present invention relates to profiles used to support and hold in tension a false ceiling or false wall constituted by a plastic sheet. Said profiles (1) each comprise two vertical wings (5-6) forming a cavity (4) open at the bottom for the introduction and the accommodation of the rim (3) of the false ceiling (2) or false wall. The edge of a rail (7) is substituted for the edge of the vertical flange (6) that supports it. These sections also comprise coupling means (11-12) so as to form a double profiled and connecting means (14) each for their (1m-1f) to establish a bank of smooth continuous. The attachment of the edge (3) on the shoulder (5a) requires the cooperation of two spatulas, dropping the cooperation of a halyard (8) previously housed in the cavity (4).


Supply creates its own demand. So reads the common, terse rendering of Say's Law of Markets. With such philosophical abbreviations, it can be of little wonder why the economic logic contained in the Law of Markets has been misunderstood, disparaged, and completely disavowed by the majority of economists for the past five decades. Adherents, as well as detractors, seemingly have not understood it. An example of recent vintage is George Gilder, a neoconservative "economic theorist" who, in confusion, found John Kenneth Galbraith rediscovering Say's Law-business creates consumer desires, hence, consumer demand. Joseph Schumpeter even made the claim that J.-B. Say "hardly understood his discovery himself." Say took utility as an economic truth established through induction. With the truth of utility, Say made other observations, discovering the exchange or social nature of value. Say's political economy is a study of the distribution, the consumption, and the production of value or social wealth. Say's own Law of Markets simply pronounces the conditions necessary for any economic market to exist. It is not a macroeconomic concept; it is a microeconomic concept with macroeconomic implications. Economists have confused the implications with the Law itself. Say's own Law of Markets is stated thus: production opens a market for products. This law is a condensation into a single statement of what is imperative for the existence of a market. What is required is two parties, each having a need (a use) for something the other has. This something can be a good or service, material, or immaterial. Moreover, both bodies must consider the sacrifice necessary to gaIn this something of the other as being not too great. In other words, the costs of production are not more than the utility expected to be acquired. This must be true for both sides. The terms of these comparisons are obj ectified for the respective parties by values (or prices). Say crystallized all of the above ideas into the word product. Exchange between the two sides is an acknowledgment of the existence of two products-products exchange for products (an unsold commodity is not a product). Finally, again by Say's definitions, for a body to effectively demand a product, it must possess the wherewithal to purchase that product. A product is the means, so it follows, products open a demand or market for products. This statement is examined historically, in order to discover how economists got from it to the modem interpretations. The Smith-Mill Law of Markets is stated thus: commodities open a market for commodities. This might be correctly understood as the classical Say's Law of Markets. yet, it is not Say's own Law of Markets, nor are its implications necessarily those of Say's own Law. Both versions of the Law are based on exchange value, but what separates the two are their respective theories of value. Smith and Mill based value on labor, Say based value on utility. THE LAW OF MARKETS AS ENUNCIATED BY JEAN-BAPTISTE SAY The presence of general overproduction, however, so impressed Say that he felt compelled to introduce modifications ofhis thcory, which destroyed its inner consistency. This he did by defining "production," not in the usual sense of physical output of goods and services but only as the production of goods of which the sales receipts cover the costs. Thus Say reduced his Law of Markets to a meaningless tautology.-NEISSER (1934, 433) I. Preliminary Comments It is not to involve oneself in hyperbole to state that most modem economists have not read any of J eanBaptiste Say's works nor is it immoderate to state that the few who have, have not understood him-simply, they have not had a proper reading of Say. The proof of this indictment can be no more obvious than in the modem reading of Say's Law of Markets. Strangely, some modem economists have identified the correct wording of Say's own Law of Markets-that is, production opens a market for products. Yet, none of these few economists have recognized (at least, they have not noted) the fullness, the realism of Say's antecedent defmitions which make up and back up his statement of the Law of Markets. The result has been, when correctly worded, the stamping of Say's Law with the label of tautology. When labeled as such, it has been dismissed outright. As N eisser expressed, "These modifications [Say's definition of a product] must be omitted from the account of the evolution of the theory if it is to be utilized as a theory of business cycles: we call it I overproduction' if goods cannot be sold at cost" (Neisser 1934,434). Either by ignorance or by designed neglect, l the Law of Markets has become a proposition which Say would not recognize-that is, supply creates its own demand. 2 Before proceeding, there are a number of ideas which are pertinent-nay, vital-to a true understanding of Say and his economics. First, Say's definitions were a large part of his svstem. To understand Say's economics-including his Law of Markets-one must attach Say's meanings to the terms he used. In an effort to insure this, Say published with later editions of the Traite d'economie politique and separately a small book of definitions entitled: Epitome des principes fondamentaux de I'economie politique. (1831). Second, Say was an inductivist. So, Say thought his definitions had empirical content. Third, Say's empiricism was composed of direct observations, which were open to everyone. These observations were not statistical in nature nor did they 2 lend themselves to aggregation in any meaningful way. Fourth, "[Utility] is, in political economy, the faculty that things have of being able to serve man, whatever manner that may be" (Say 1931,61). Fifth, exchange opens utility up to being observed, to being examined inductively. Exchange elevates utility (the subjective) to value (the objective). Sixth, exchange is by nature purposeful human action. Human action exists in reality, as actuality; therefore. it is objective fact (observable). Seventh, human action is carried out by individuals: ipso facto economics, being a study of human action (exchange), deals with objective fact concerning individuals, not statistical aggregates or mathematical abstractions. Eighth, as a result of his inductive method Say considered his economics a study of reality or, in his words, the nature of things. Say abhorred abstraction., believing that one does not discover reality by abstracting from it. Ninth, Say thought that truth existed and that it was discoverable through induction. Lastly, the heart of Say's economics is value, social wealth. Hence, to understand Say's own Law of Markets one must recognize his defmition of value. The value of a thing is defmed as the quantity of other things which one is able to acquire for that thing. Any interpretation of the Law of Markets which does not adopt this definition and the definitions which inductively arise from it-emphatically-is not Say's own Law of Markets. The current article endeavors to show what Say's own Law of Markets is and, ex post facto, what it is not. It is a truth. It is not a tautology. When it is properly understood, it is simple, yet profound. It is not meaningless. It) is a basic microeconomic concept. It is not a macroeconomic concept, per se. Say's own Law of Markets is a natural law concermng what is fundamentally necessary for any market to exist, and that is all it is. It is not a law about the aggregate equilibrium of markets, nor did Say mean it to be. These juxtaposed contraries are able to be proven true by connecting the Law of Markets with its definitiouallineage-with this intent, Diagram 1 is provided. Diagram 1 should be viewed by the reader as a summary of Say's system. Also, it serves as a map of Say's inductive process, leading up to its apex-the Law of Markets. THE LAW OF MARKETS AS ENUNCIATED BY JEAN-BAPTISTE SAY L. Dwight Israelsen and Kenneth K. Sanders The presence of general overproduction, however, so impressed Say that he felt compelled to introduce modifications ofhis theory, which destroyed its inner consistency. This he did by defining "production," not in the usual sense of physical output of goods and services but only as the production of goods of which the sales receipts cover the costs. Thus Say reduced his Law of Markets to a meaningless tautology.-NEISSER (1934, 433) I. Preliminary Comments It is not to involve oneself in hyperbole to state that most modem economists have not read any of J eanBaptiste Say's works nor is it immoderate to state that the few who have, have not understood him-simply, they have not had a proper reading of Say. The proof of this indictment can be no more obvious than in the modem reading of Say's Law of Markets. Strangely, some modem economists have identified the correct wording of Say's own Law of Markets -that is, production opens a market for products. Yet, none of these few economists have recognized (at least, they have not noted) the fullness, the realism of Say's antecedent definitions which make up and back up his statement of the Law of Markets. The result has been, when correctly worded, the stamping of Say's Law with the label of tautology. When labeled as such, it has been dismissed outright. As Neisser expressed, "These modifications [Say's definition of a product] must be omitted from the account of the evolution of the theory if it is to be utilized as a theory of business cycles: we call it 'overproduction' if goods cannot be sold at cost" (Neisser 1934,434). Either by ignorance or by designed neglect, l the Law of Markets has become J a proposition which Say would not recognize-that is, supply creates its own demand. 2 Before proceeding, there are a number of ideas which are pertinent-nay, vital-to a true understanding of Say and his economics. First, Say's defInitions were a large part of his svstem. To understand Say's economics-including his Law of Markets-one must attach Say's meanings to


: Dechlorination of 3,4,5,6-tetrachloropicolinic acid (TeCP) on roughened silver (Ag(r)) cathodes provides an unexpected example showing extraordinary catalytic effect in aqueous solution, which is counter to what has been reported in electrochemical reduction of organic halides using aprotic media. To fully recognize this extraordinary catalytic effect of silver cathodes on electrochemical reduction of 3,4,5,6-tetrachloropicolinic acid in aqueous solutions, we conduct a comprehensive study from the aspect of surface characterization, in situ electrochemical study, and theoretical calculation. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra are presented to observe the surface structure and chemical state of Ag(r). Experimental results show that Ag nanoparticle can be formed in the oxidation-reduction cyclic (ORC) process, which leads to an increase in the degree of surface disorder. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the first electron transfer (ET) process, integrated with an in situ electrochemical surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) study and a cyclic voltammetry (CV) experiment with the aid of H + , were performed to characterize various surface species in different electrode potential regions. Experimental evidence shows that the first ET process is catalyzed by silver for the radical derivate (TeCP • - ) formed by the ET process


PURPOSE: A refrigerant mixture is provided to replace existing refrigerant without the reformation of existing compressor and to maintain performance coefficient and volume capacity similar to existing refrigerants. CONSTITUTION: A refrigerant mixture is a binary mixed-refrigerant consisting of 20-60 weight% of difluoromethane(R32) and 40-80 weight% of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane(R134a). The refrigerant mixture has ozone depletion potential(ODP) of 0.0 and a smaller value of global warming potential than conventional refrigerants.


Low temperatures and drought as well as other abiotic factors, have a negative effect on a quality and amount of all grains, including wheat, which could cause great problems in near future considering that grains are foundation of nutrition in a majority of world population. Low temperatures and other stressful factors cause the forming of reactive compound inside the plant, which lead to damaging plant membranes and macromolecules. Water availability and its movement is very important in the process of seed germination, for starting seed grow and cotyledon extension. These processes are largely affected by the lands chemical potential, texture and contact area of seed and land. Two year research (2014-2015) included tracking parameters of seed germination with "cold" test in four varieties of winter wheat selected in the Agricultural institute of Republic of Srpska (Kristina, Bosanka, Orion, Jelena). The seeds used, were three or four years old. The variety Jelena had the largest percent of germination, while the variety Kristina had the longest root, as well as the largest root and coleoptiles mass. The older seeds had worst results compared to the younger ones.


In this survey we investigate the application of the Adleman-Lipton model on Rural Postman problem, which given an undirected graph $G=(V,E)$ with positive integer lengths on each of its edges and a subset $E^{'}\subseteq E$, asks whether there exists a hamiltonian circuit that includes each edge of $E^{'}$ and has total cost (sum of edge lengths) less or equal to a given integer B (we are allowed to use any edges of the set $E-E^{'}$, but we must use all edges of the set $E'$). The Rural Postman problem (RPP) is a very interesting NP-complete problem used, especially, in network optimization. RPP is actually a special case of the Route Inspection problem, where we need to traverse all edges of an undirected graph at a minimum total cost. As all NP-complete problems, it currently admits no efficient solution and if actually $P\neq NP$ as it is widely accepted to be, it cannot admit a polynomial time algorithm to solve it. The application of the Adleman-Lipton model on this problem, provides an efficient way to solve RPP, as it is the fact for many other hard problems on which the Adleman-Lipton model has been applied. In this survey, we provide a polynomial algorithm based on the Lipton-Adleman model, which solves the RPP in $\mathcal{O}(n^{2})$ time, where n refers to the input of the problem.


High peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of the transmitted signal is a serious issue in multicarrier communication systems, such as second generation terrestrial digital video broadcasting (DVB-T2) systems. These large fluctuations prevent feeding the high power amplifier at an operating point near its non-linear saturation region thereby lowering its power efficiency. In recent years, tone reservation (TR) PAPR reduction techniques have been deeply studied and included in the DVB-T2 and the American digital video broadcasting (ATSC 3.0) specifications. It is based on a gradient iterative approach where, at each iteration, a predefined kernel is used to reduce one peak in time domain. In this paper, a novel TR PAPR reduction technique namely individual carrier allocation for multiple peaks (ICMPs) that is based on a new kernel signal is proposed. This algorithm, compatible with the DVB-T2 standard, offers better performance than the gradient-based DVB-T2 algorithm but suffers with increased complexity for higher modes of DVB-T2 and ATSC 3.0 as the number of required iterations is equal to the number of reserved tones. To overcome this issue, we propose an improved ICMP technique, called grouped ICMP defined with this new kernel. The main principle of this new algorithm consists in dividing the reserved tones into  $G$  groups. This highly reduces the number of iterations, now equal to the number of groups, and thereby the latency. An in-depth performance analysis has been done by implementing our algorithm on a testbed platform with real power amplifiers. Both the simulation and experimental results demonstrated that the proposed PAPR reduction algorithm offers very good performance/complexity/latency tradeoff.


Clinical interviews were conducted with 2 high-ability first-grade children on alternate weeks over an academic year. Problems in computation, logic, number theory, and geometry were presented to gain insight into how the children approached problem solving. Their styles of solving problems were quite different. The male, identified by the school district as gifted, searched for rules to apply and could apply them fairly skillfully. His primary concern was arriving at correct answers; he lacked confidence and sought verification of solutions from an outside source. His style was termed extrinsic. In cases where he thought no rule applied, he was productive in finding several approaches to problems. The female preferred to develop her own methods of solving problems and was competent to do that. She seemed to enjoy the process of solving the problem. She could produce a variety of approaches to problems and was confident of her solutions, preferring to test them herself. Her style was termed intrinsic.


increase of A2A mRNA expression levels ( CTA2A 16,8±2.72 vs. 11,2±2.64; p<0.001), and a steady maintenance of the A1 mRNA levels. No differences between right and left atrium were observed. Conclusions: Sustained atrial high-rate stimulation induces an early overexpression of A2A receptors, suggesting an impairment of the cross-talk between atrial A1 and A2A receptors. This can be associated with a role for A2A receptors in atrial Ca2+ kinetics and atrial remodeling.


At present in our country the surplus of rural labor force has a very large quantity, which is mainly transferring into large and middle cities, little towns, the second and third industries and the deep - leveled agriculture. During the course of transferring we are faced with not only the difficulties of the factor of surplus of labor force itself, but also of many external factors, such as the heavy pressure of urban employment, the low process of urbanization , and the "disease of little town" and so on.


The purpose of this research was to examine empirically the effect between compensation on job satisfaction among the employees at La Tansa boarding school in Cipanas, Lebak regional. The subjects of this research were 43 employees selected as samples by using proportion sampling technique taken from the overall population of 43 employees. The data of each variable were collected separately by the respondents' filling in a questionnaire. The effect technique was applied to analyze the data which had been previously treated with the regressive and correlation procedure. The result proved that the employees' job satisfaction was positively affected by the compensation in La Tansa boarding school in Cipanas, Lebak regional. The findings suggest that the variation of the job satisfaction of the employees might have been affected by compensation.


The silent blasting technology used to remove the reinforced concrete is faasible and effective, if does not pose a harm to the neighbouring structures. This technology is applicated to removing danger and consolidation works of Shanjiazi reservoir in Jian city, The effect is notable, it is worth reference and popularization.


Background.Safety and efficacy of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACS) has been established in randomized trials but an increasing number of "real world" data outside clinical trials has become available after approval. In this study we aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of DOACS in population-based studies in the context of non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF), thromboprophylaxis in orthopedic surgery (OS), and treatment of acute venous thromboembolism (VTE). Methods.We conducted a systematic review of observational studies assessing the safety and efficacy of DOACs (including dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban) in patients with NVAF, OS and VTE treatment. Efficacy outcomes included stroke (NVAF studies) and VTE (OS studies). Safety outcomes included major bleeding (MB) (as defined by investigators), gastrointestinal (GI) and central nervous system (CNS) bleeding. If feasible we conducted a meta-analysis of incidence rates (IR) and proportions using both fixed and random effects models. Results.Of 84 potentially relevant studies we included36 full text articles published between 2012 and 2016. Three groups of studies were identified: NVAF (22 studies), thromboprophylaxis in OS (10 studies), and miscellaneous (4 studies).Of the miscellaneous studies, only 1 study assessed DOACS in the treatment of acute VTE. Studies assessing NVAF. The 22 studies included 158,554 patients of which, 70,608 were evaluable for stroke, 80,810 for MB, 88,397 for CNS bleed, and 97,738 for GI bleed. Overall, the percent of patients developing stroke, MB, CNS and GI bleed were similar with both random and fixed models (Table 1). Among NVAF patients, a meta-analysis of studies with follow up information (7 studies, n=40,955) showed that the IR of stroke for all DOACS was 1.8 [95%CI: 1.72-1.98] and 2.3 [95%CI: 1.99-2.61] per 100 person - year (100 PY) for the fixed and random estimates, respectively, regardless of previous vitamin K antagonist (VKA) exposure. The IR of CNS bleeding with dabigatran was 0.6 [95%CI: 0.54-0.72] and 1.3 [95%CI: 0.13-2.47] per 100 PY for fixed and random estimates, respectively. The IR of bleeding-related deaths in NVAF with all DOACS was 0.1 [95%CI: 0.07-0.17] per 100 PY (fixed) and 0.2 [95%CI: 0-0.8] per 100 PY (random). Sensitivity analyses showed that in VKA naive patients, dabigatran at 110 mg bid (D110) carried a significantly higher risk of stroke than dabigatran 150 mg bid (D150) [RR: 3.4; 95%CI: 2.57-4.50; p Studies in OS. Studies assessing DOACs in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery (n=27,158) showed a VTE rate of 0.8% [95%CI: 0.73-0.95] (fixed) and 1.5% [95%CI: 1.8-1.11] with (random). The MB rate was 0.7% [95%CI: 0.61-0.81] (fixed) and 2.2% [95%CI: 2.61-1.79] (random). Conclusion.DOACS used in NVAF and orthopedic surgery are effective and safe in real-world studies as in RCTs. However, in NVAF, dabigatran dose and previous exposure to VKA seem to impact the risks of stroke, MB, and GI bleed. CNS bleed rates were consistently low with all DOACS at all doses, whether in VKA naive or VKA experienced populations. Data for apixaban and VTE treatment is currently limited. Disclosures Lazo-Langner:Pfizer: Honoraria; Daiichi Sankyo: Research Funding; Bayer: Honoraria.


Abstract Heat treatments have been carried out on an annealed low alloy Cr–Mo–3·5Ni–V steel (J-steel) to investigate the effects of various normalising and hardening temperatures, before tempering, on the mechanical properties. It was observed that the 0·2% proof stress increased, whereas the impact toughness, as measured by the increase in transition temperature, decreased with increasing hardening temperature for both normalised and non-normalised material. For a constant hardening temperature, the 0·2% proof stress passed through a minimum and the Charpy upper shelf energy passed through a maximum, at a normalising temperature of 890°C. The variation in properties has been correlated with the observed variation in martensite packet size, dislocation density, precipitate size, and volume fraction. It was found that a 0·2% proof stress above 1100 MN m−2, and a Charpy impact energy of greater than 50 J at −40°C located within the upper shelf energy region, was attainable with the following heat treatment:...


. Geotechnical engineering designs are often predefined before construction commences, in an attempt to eliminate uncertainty. Such predefined design can lead to poor value, either due to waste of resources from over design, when opportunities are missed for optimising the design during construction, or due to the delay and additional cost of dealing with unforeseen ground conditions. The Observational Method (OM) provides an alternative design approach, to proactively manage the uncertainty associated with ground conditions, using a flexible design that is able to be adapted to suit the actual conditions found during construction. Feedback from observations and monitoring allows the designer to maximise the opportunities and minimise the risks. Case studies of applications of this approach are presented to demonstrate the significant benefits that have been derived from managing geotechnical uncertainty in this way. The OM relies on the integration of construction processes and teams, best achieved through a collaborative style of management, rather than under the types of relationship formed under traditional fragmented procurement processes. A synopsis is given of the influence of procurement options on the implementation of the OM. A danger with collaborative approaches to project delivery is that responsibilities are not clearly defined. An example where failure in the management of the process led to a tunnel collapsing during construction is used to illustrate the importance of designing the process and clearly defining responsibilities in a project team that chooses to use an OM design. A process modelling methodology is described which facilitates the definition and mutual understanding of processes and responsibilities in a project team, thus ensuring robustness in the OM process. A further practical example is given of an application of this methodology within a project team using the OM for a deep basement construction.


Xinshu Zhang, Yuanyuan Xu, T. Halloran, Ruidan Zhong, C. Broholm, 3, 4 R. J. Cava, N. Drichko, and N. P. Armitage 5, ∗ Institute for Quantum Matter, Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, U.S.A Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1Z8, Canada (Dated: January 25, 2022)


Discloses an electrical device having a flexible welding crimped with bus. The electrical apparatus principles of the present disclosure includes a frame, having a conductive element and an electrically insulating cap disposed around at least part of the conductor element, and electrically conductive bus bar is mounted to the frame. Bus bar includes a bus bar body crimping and welding. Welding crimp having a base extending from the bus bar body, and a side opposite to the base coupled with the bus body to the fork base member. Fork member having a welded portion and a crimping portion. Welded portion intersects with the base. Curl portion and having a welded portion intersects crimp conductor receiving member. Permanent deformation around the conductor crimping member to apply a clamping force to the conductor. The conductive member is welded to the welded portion.


The effect of low magnesium concentrations in composed isotonic and isoionic Tyrode's solution on its absorption from the distal part of the swine digestive tract was investigated in vitro on bags made of survived epithelia of the swine caecum and proximal colon. The epithelial side of either epithelium was always turned into the bags that were filled with Tyrode's solution containing 0.5, 1.0 or 2.5 mmol/L magnesium. Tyrode's solutions were always situated outside the bags, i.e., from submucosal side of the epithelium. At the beginning of the experiment and after 30, 60, 120 and 180 minutes of the experiment samples were taken from the solution outside the bags and analyzed spectrophotometrically for magnesium concentration. The excess of magnesium contents in the solution obtained in each experimental interval represents "the net flux" of magnesium in the direction of absorption. According to the results of the experiment, magnesium may be absorbed from both caecum and proximal colon epithelia against the concentration gradient, as well as under isotonic and isoionic conditions from both sides of the epithelium. The intensity of magnesium absorption depended on its concentration in the contents, on the epithelium used, and on the time of sampling. Results indicate the distal part of the swine digestive tract as the important part for magnesium absorption, especially under low concentrations in the contents. Under these experimental conditions the passive transport of magnesium played the major part.


In this paper we present issues and trends in network management. Due ongoing deregulation in the US and Europe, telecommunications services business has become increasingly competitive. Downsizing in staff has prompted the need for reengineering and improved efficiency. In such a competitive environment, quality of a network management system may be a decisive factor. In this paper we discuss some of the issues a network management system designer/developer has to deal with. TRENDS AND ISSUES IN NETWORK MANAGEMENT Dragomir D. Dimitrijević and Ilija Đekić II NETWORK MANAGEMENT CONCEPTS II.1 NETWORK MONITORING II.1.1 Architecture Dragomir D. Dimitrijević Consultant Belgrade, Yugoslavia The purpose of network monitoring is acquisition of information about the state of networks in order to make most of network resource. Abstract: In this paper we present issues and trends in network management. Due ongoing deregulation in the US and Europe, telecommunications services business has. Similar documents. These project management trends will impact your teams, clients, and approach. Project managers, take these steps to stay relevant in changing times. …and to those who identify the trends and act swiftly. Good timing doesnâ€TMt hurt, either. The technological, social, and market evolutions currently in play will continue to transform the field of project management. Are you on top of the project management trends that are going to change how you work, manage your teams, and envision your career? What does the project manager of the future look like? Thatâ€TMs you, friend, in a few years. A network organization is a long-term arrangement among distinct but related organizations that support the included organizations in gaining or sustaining competitive advantage. Partnerships among network organizations rely on synergy, where collaborating organizations can profit more by pooling complementary resources than by relying on their own independent operations. Emerging trends in organization and technology are changing the way projects are organized and managed, creating new challenges in project management research and practice. Related issues in project portfolio selection in network organizations are also covered. Finally, we summarize the issues that relate to project selection and management in network organizations.


Nine compounds were isolated from the ethanol extracts of \%Euphorbia maculata \%L. By spectroscopic and chemical methods, their chemical structures were identified as: quercetin (Ⅰ), kaempferol (Ⅱ), apigenin\|7\|O\|glucoside (Ⅲ), luteolin\|7\|O\|glucoside (Ⅳ), quercetin\|3\|O\|arabinoside (Ⅴ), ethyl gallate (Ⅵ), ellagic acid (Ⅶ), scopoletin (Ⅷ) and umbelliferone (Ⅸ). Compounds Ⅲ~Ⅸ are found from this species for the first time.


This article presents an analysis of Hausa glosses in a nineteenth-century Qur'anic manuscript (C1688) from the library of the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts in St Petersburg, and argues that a systematic study of Arabic manuscripts with Hausa glosses is needed for a re-interpretation of early Hausa writings in Arabic script. The origins of the Hausa written tradition in Arabic script and the evolution of the concept 'Ajami' in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries from 'non-Arabic (language, culture, etc.)' to 'a variety of Arabic script adapted to African languages (with additional vowel-signs and diacritics)' is discussed, and it is suggested that the frequency of the marginal notes ʿajam and ʿajamī used to mark non-Arabic glosses in Arabic manuscripts might depend on the linguistic properties of the manuscripts as well as sub-regional traditions of writing in Sudanic Africa. Hausa glosses in the St Petersburg manuscript – including nouns, adjectives, verbs and verbal constructions – are described ...


Due to the influence of the atmospheric environment and pointing errors, the performance of free space optical communication is greatly limited. In this paper, we propose a parallel multi-hop hybrid free space optical (FSO)/radio frequency (RF) system to improve the system performance. The FSO sub-link and RF sub-link are modeled by Gamma–Gamma turbulence with pointing errors and Nakagami-m distributions, respectively. Based on the selective combination scheme, the probability density function (PDF) and cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the hybrid FSO/RF one-hop or direct link are obtained. Then, the PDF and CDF of the output SNR of the parallel multi-hop hybrid system are derived with the decoded forward (DF) protocol considered. Finally, the expressions of the average bit error rate (ABER) and outage probability are derived for the parallel multi-hop hybrid system, the hybrid FSO/RF direct link, and the FSO-only direct link. The results show that the parallel multi-hop hybrid system can effectively mitigate the negative impact of atmospheric turbulence and pointing errors and can significantly improve the system performance.


An experiment was conducted to study the 'Effect of transplanting dates on seed yield and quality of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica L.)'. The experiment was carried out at Research block and Seed Testing Laboratory of Department of Seed Science and Technology. In the present investigation 30 day old seedlings were transplanted on five different dates from 30th September to 09 October with ten days interval were taken as treatments. The present study showed that the plant transplanted on 30th September observed maximum days to maturity (228.80), plant height (82.30 cm), seed yield (565.33 kg/ha) and diameter of siliqua (3.20 mm). The number of primary branches per plant (22.12), number of secondary branches per plant (62.04), siliqua per plant (1651.72) and length of siliqua (6.03 cm) recorded maximum on 10th October date of transplanting. The standard germination (91.00%), seedling length (11.59 cm), seedling moisture content (0.504 g), 1000seed weight (5.86 g), vigour index-I (1054.68) and vigour index-EE (2.585) reported maximum on 30th September date of transplanting and minimum in case of 9th November date of transplanting.


This study investigated infant listening preferences for two versions of an unfamiliar Chinese children's song: unaccompanied (i.e., voice only) and accompanied (i.e., voice and instrumental accompaniment). Three groups of 5-, 8- and 11-month-old infants were tested using the Headturn Preference Procedure. A general linear model analysis of variance was carried out with gender and age as the between-subjects variables and listening time to the two renditions (unaccompanied, accompanied) as the within-subjects variable. Results indicated a clear preference for the unaccompanied version of the song in all age groups.


The interlinkages among land, labor, credit and product markets are often controlled by the landlord, who supplies credit, purchases and markets output, and often sells raw materials and consumption goods to the tenant farmers. This paper addresses this phenomenon and the welfare consequences of attempts to restrict these practices. It presents a general set of arguments applicable to both competitive and noncompetitive environments, to situations where all the terms of the contract are determined in an optimal way, and to situations where many of the terms are specified institutionally. The analysis is based on the facts that the worker has considerable discretion over his own actions, and that the workers' actions have an important effect on the landlord's expected profits. General analysis shows that, in the design of contractual arrangements: (i) the tenant sharing in the costs at the same rate he shares in output is efficient only under restrictive conditions; (ii) a monopolist gains nothing from controlling the markets for inputs and outputs if it is unrestricted in adopting cost and crop sharing rules; and (iii) a monopolist only gains from controlling the consumption goods market to the extent he uses it to change relative prices of different consumption goods.


In this paper, we obtain a Korovkin type approximation the- orem for double sequences of positive linear operators of two variables from Hw (K) to C (K) via A-statistical convergence. Also, we construct an example such that our new approximation result works but its classi- cal case does not work. Furthermore, we study the rates of A-statistical convergence by means of the modulus of continuity.


In this Paper, an M/M/c/N/K interdependent queueing model with controllable arrival rates and reverse balking is considered. The finite source of K customers arrive in a Poisson processes with two arrival rates 1 0 ,  -a faster and slower rate of arrivals. The service times follow exponential distribution with parameter .  This model is much useful in analysing the particular situations arising at the places like a data voice transmission, computer communication system etc. The steady state solution and the system characteristics are derived and analysed for this model. Numerically results are given for better understanding.


Self-consistent Poisson/Schrodinger calculations were used for designing strained AlInAs/InGaAs modulation doped quantum wells which were then grown by molecular beam epitaxy on


In recent years, as Internet services have diversified and grown rapidly, intelligent network environment has dynamically changed with parameters such as traffic patterns and network topologies. To flexibly manage such dynamic changes, SDN (Software Defined Network) technology has emerged. SDN enables more flexible Internet services by dividing the network architecture into a control plane and data plane. By the way, in the SDN, a problem with flow entry replacement may arise owing to flow table size restrictions within the switches. A flow entry replacement problem can increase the packet processing time and degrade the quality of service for the users. Therefore, we need to know exactly the performance of the flow entry replacement algorithms. In order to practically analyze the performance of the flow entry replacement algorithms, we first collect and analyze the actual Internet traffics of famous Internet services such as Instagram, Facebook, Youtube, and Netflex. Then, we analyze the performances of flow entry replacement algorithms by the collected traffic data. Based on the results, the LFU (Least Frequently Used) algorithm exhibits the worst performance, whereas the FIFO (First In First Out), LRU (Least Recently Used), and SFF (Short Flow First) algorithms show relatively better performances.


Sofar much research has been done of flood routing through Muskingum linear and non - linear model and genetic algorithm. Study of changed specifications of river such as waterway slope, width and length of the river, and the river bed which lead to determination of its roughness coefficient, and their impacts of flood hydrograph and finally on nonlinear model coefficients, are importance. I n this research, effect of modifications of width and length of the ricer on coefficients of the Muskingum nonlinear model employing the genetic algorithm has been investigated. Obtained results, indicates the presence of a logical relation between fluctua tions of the river specifications and coefficients of this model that through increase of data, there will be a possibility of finding a mathematical relations for expressing such modifications as well.


In pot trial the biochemical composition and phosphorus use efficiency of birdsfoot trefoil , sainfoin and subterranean clover grown pure and in mixtures with perennial ryegrass in the next ratios were studied in the Institute of Forage Crops, Pleven, Bulgaria : birdsfoot trefoil + perennial ryegrass (50:50 % ); sainfoin + perennial ryegrass (50:50 % ); subterranean clover + perennial ryegrass (50:50 % ); birdsfoot trefoil + subterranean clover + perennial ryegrass (33:33:33 % ); sainfoin + subterranean clover + perennial ryegrass (33:33:33 % ). The highest crude protein content was found in the aboveground mass of birdsfoot trefoil (19.17%) and sainfoin (19.30%). The water soluble sugars contents in mixtures was found higher compared to the pure grown legumes. Birds foot trefoil showed the highest phosphorus use efficiency for plant biomass accumulation and nodules formation. In mixtures the phosphorus use efficiency was found be higher as compared to the same in pure grown legumes .


Mobile social systems can offer heterogeneous views of cities rather than encouraging users to socialize with people they already know and privileging consumption- and entertainment-based urban experiences.