The purpose of these notes is to give an exposition of Fräıssé theory in an extremely general setting. That is, we drop the hereditary property, instead working with a class of finite structures together with a distinguished class of "strong embeddings" between them. We also weaken the amalgamation property, instead developing the theory with the weak amalgamation property introduced by Kechris and Rosendal (discovered independently under the name "almost amalgamation property" by Ivanov), and sometimes we drop amalgamation altogether, obtaining a generic theory (but not a generic model) under only the assumption of the joint embedding property. Some may object that the setting is not general enough: we work with finite structures in relational languages throughout (though the setting allows us to consider only structures in which a particular relation is interpreted as the graph of a function), and we do not take a purely categorical approach. All I can say to this is that the theory developed here is the one that seemed the most natural to me at the time of writing. In Section 1, we give the main definitions and identify the minimal assumption on a strong embedding class which will be necessary for a coherent theory (extendibility). We also discuss a connection with abstract elementary classes and set the discriptive set theory stage for talking about "genericity" later on. Section 2 contains the basic Fräıssé theory. In Section 3, we take up the model theoretic properties of the generic limit (i.e. the Fräıssé limit). Finally, Section 4 addresses the question of pseudofiniteness of the generic limit, through the lens of "robustness" properties á la Macpherson, Steinhorn, and Hill. Many of the theorems here are direct generalizations of results (classical or more recent) appearing the literature, though I believe that the choices in presentation are rather unique. I am not aware of prior appearances of the notion of extendibility described in Section 1.2, though it seems quite natural. It is possible that it is known to category theorists, in the context of ind-categories. Example 2.4, which demonstrates that a class can have the weak amalgamation property without containing a cofinal subclass with the amalgamation property, is totally original, as is Section 2.4. The results in Section 4 are new, though they are parallel to and inspired by work of Cameron Hill. There is much to add, and there are "TO DO" notes scattered throughout the document. The section which needs the most work is Section 3, which proports to be about modeltheoretic properties of the generic limit, but which currently only addresses א0-categoricity. A companion section which is currently unwritten is Section 1.4, on definability properties, which will be necessary to get a handle on the model theoretic properties to be discussed in Section 3.


If f and g are any two functions belonging to L,(-∞ , ∞), we can find their convolution numerically by using serial product. In this note, we intend to expense product of the transforms of f and g in terms of serial products of f and g.


The ancient field of trust-and-estate law has entered upon a period of serious decline. In some law firms, even seasoned practitioners have begun to diversify away from the field. In leading circles of the trustand-estate bar, there is now open discussion of diminishing clientele, difficulty in billing for legal services at rates comparable to the rates for other specialties, and the reluctance of new associates to enter the field.1


Henson, I. E. 1985. Solute accumulation and growth in plants of pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum [L.] Leeke) exposed to abscisic acid or water stress.—J. exp. Bot. 36: 1889 1899. Experiments were conducted to investigate whether abscisic acid (ABA) elicits the accumulation of solutes and lowering of osmotic (solute) potential (¥s) which occurs in leaves of pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum [L.] Leeke) exposed to water stress. When ( + )-ABA was injected into the base of the shoot of 15-d-old plants, ¥s of the fifth leaf was reduced significantly below controls 27-72 h after treatment. The reductions, however, were small (< OTO MPa) and were accompanied by a significant inhibition of shoot growth. In contrast, no significant reduction in ¥s or in growth occurred when the hormone was introduced directly into leaf five via its mid-rib. ABA concentrations in leaf five were high shortly after direct injection, but declined to control levels within 48 h. Injecting ABA into the shoot base resulted in lower leaf five ABA concentrations. Hence, the ABA concentration in the leaf was not the most critical factor for its effect on ¥s. ABA also reduced ¥s of shoots when applied to seedlings 48 h or 72 h after sowing via the roots. As with older plants, the effects of ABA on ¥" were small (= 0-2 MPa) and were accompanied by inhibition of shoot growth. A water stress treatment and an ABA treatment were compared. Although both treatments resulted in a similar degree of growth inhibition, the stress treatment was much more effective than was ABA in reducing Key words—Pennisetum americanum [L.] Leeke, pearl millet, abscisic acid, water stress, osmotic adjustment. Correspondence to: CSIRO Division of Plant Industry, Private Bag, P.O. Wembley, Western Australia 6014, Australia.


In spite of being reduced the numbers of vessel registered, there are increasing the numbers of total marine accidents and collision accidents. For recent 5 years from 2008 to 2012, it was analyzed that the collision accident is highest rank by 37 % among the marine accidents and the fishing vessel is highest by 58 % in these collision accidents and also the small fishing boat under 20tons is highest by 26 % on them. Over the half of the collision accidents by 56 %, they couldn't find each other to just before the collision situation. In this result, it was known that collision accidents almost to be occurred by the poor look-out in each other. Therefore, it was suggested the requirements to the fishing vessels in a side of crew, education and exercise, and navigation equipments to reduce the collision accidents by examining the navigation patterns and concerning laws of them.


Introduction The Historical Development of the Internationalization of Higher Education: A Comparative Study of the United States of America and Europe The Historical Context of the Internationalization of Higher Education The International Dimension of Higher Education in the United States of America The International Dimension of Higher Education in Europe The Development of the Internationalization of Higher Education in the United States of America and Europe: A Comparison The Internationalization of Higher Education: A Conceptual Framework Rationales for the Internationalization of Higher Education Meanings of and Approaches to "International Education" and the "Internationalization of Higher Education" Strategies and Organization Models for the Internationalization of Higher Education Thematic Issues in the Internationalization of Higher Education Globalization, Regionalization, and the Internationalization of Higher Education Quality and the Internationalization in Higher Education The Emergence of English as the Common Language in Higher Education The Rise of Regional and International Academic Networks and Alliances Internationalization of Higher Education as a Research Area Summary and Conclusions References


Based on emotional theories,the present paper analyses emotional factors,such as motivation,attitude and personality which are considered to affect foreign language learning,and puts forward some suggestions on how the teachers help their students overcome psychological obstacles and enhance their learning.


The paper "An Economic Evaluation of a Systems-Based Strategy to Expedite Surgical Treatment of Hip Fractures" by Dy et al. is a cost-effectiveness analysis of two systems-based strategies to expedite surgical repair of hip fractures.

Reading a cost-effectiveness analysis may seem foreign to many JBJS readers. These analyses are based on models that include probabilities of outcomes derived from systematic literature reviews, utilities based on qualitative surveys of the value that patients place on various health states, and cost estimates based on economic data. These studies involve a whole new vocabulary: QALYs (quality-adjusted life years), Monte Carlo simulation, sensitivity analysis, ICER (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio), utilities, and time trade-off.

It is easy for an orthopaedic surgeon to skip over this article, saying, "I don't understand the methodology," "It's an abstract model," or "I'm not a health care economist."

However, economic analyses in orthopaedic surgery have never been more important. Contemporary forces in medicine have driven economic analyses to the foreground. The federal government, state governments, and insurers are analyzing cost-effectiveness data to determine how to "ration" limited resources. Hospitals and medical groups are trying to limit costs yet still provide effective care. Quality and safety initiatives are being implemented from all directions. Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs) are looming on the horizon.

There can be an inherent mistrust of decision analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis among clinicians who mistrust the modeling process and also among those who view these techniques as a means to reduce costs, impinge on physician autonomy, corrupt the doctor-patient relationship, and compromise individualized patient care. In fact, the goal of decision analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis is to optimize …


A numerical solution of a fifth-order non-linear dispersive wave equation is set up using collocation of seventh-order B-spline interpolation functions over finite elements. A linear stability analysis shows that this numerical scheme, based on a Crank–Nicolson approximation in time, is unconditionally stable. The method is used to model the behaviour of solitary waves.


The fertility-sparing management using progestin is now widely accepted as the alternative treatment for young women who eagerly want to preserve their fertility [1]. The selection of patients who will achieve complete response is the most important step for successful fertility-sparing management [1]. Patients with endometrium-confined, well-differentiated, endometrioid adenocarcinoma are the proper candidates for this treatment [1]. The pooled complete response rate is 76.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 68.0%–85.3%) and recurrence rate among complete responder is 40.6% (95% CI, 33.1%–49.8%) in a recent meta-analysis [2]. The complete response rate is high, although the recurrence rate is high as well after achieving complete response. Therefore, the goal of this treatment is to delay definitive treatment until the completion of family planning. The most popular type of fertility-sparing management is to receive high-dose, continuous, daily oral progestin after removing endometrial cancer tissues by dilatation, curettage and biopsy (DCBx) as much as possible [1]. The use of hysteroscopic resection of endometrial cancer tissues may have merits and demerits compared to DCBx. Hysteroscopic examination of the endometrial cavity may increase the diagnostic accuracy by providing the direct estimation of the tumor extent and by providing information on the myometrial invasion [3]. Hysteroscopic resection of endometrial cancer tissues may increase the therapeutic efficacy by excising the tumor completely under direct vision. However, it may be harmful because the possibility of the spread of exfoliated endometrial cancer cells into peritoneal cavity by liquid expansion medium [4]. It may also impact adversely on the pregnancy outcome because it can cause injury to the basal layer of endometrium or underlying myometrium by thermal injury or mechanical destruction [5]. These possible positive and negative effects of hysteroscopy in the fertility-sparing management of endometrial cancer have never been evaluated in prospective trial. The questions are not solved yet and still debated.


Formaldehyde is a typical indoor air pollutant that has numerous adverse health problems in modern living conditions. Phytoremediation that use plants to remove contaminants from polluted media can be applied to improve indoor air quality. Two sets of experiments; 1) two rooms in newly built auditorium and 2) a bed room in 2-year-old apartment; were performed to investigate plant effects on indoor formaldehyde concentration. It was observed from the experiments that plant can help decontaminating formaldehyde at low concentration level (0.1 ppm) but the effects decreased considerably at hish concentration (1ppm). The purification effects of indoor plant also showed the periodic pattern due to its physiological activity. More purification was observed as increasing plant density in the bed room but the formaldehyde concentration returned the original concentration level in two days after removing plants. It was suggested from the results that air purification using plants is an effective means of reduction on indoor formaldehyde level, though, reduction of source is highly desirable when the concentration level is high. The results also suggest that introducing supplementary purifying aids and/or efficient ventilation could be considered due to periodic removal pattern of plant.


Abstract: India has the largest number for cattle farming about 302.79 million, and as the part of managing the cattle health Hoof cutting is the major issue when it comes to taking care of cattle. Improper cutting of hoof can lead to harm to the cattle and it may sometimes turn into severe disease, in this case cattle may be prone to lameness. The cutting of hoof is done by traditional way by using tools like chisel, grinder, pincer etc. these tools have their own specific applications, but still it is used to cut hoofs, It is observed that there is no specific tool for cutting hoof of cattle and available tools not having tool Replacement. In literature review, researcher also neglected the issue and it is rarely found the development of new special tool for hoof cutting. So there is scope of working on this tool. Under this project activity, the designed and developed portable hand operated hoof cutter, new developed tool has the various blade settings adjustment which increase versatility of cutter, and it can cut 4", 6", and 8" length of hoof by using this cutter. The new developed cutter has 30% more efficiency compared to all the traditional cutting methods. This Project presents the design and fabrication of a hoof cutter for cattle. New Developed hoof cutter is designed to be efficient, safe, and user-friendly. The hoof cutter is fabricated using readily available materials that are easy to source and assemble. The tool is portable and easy to use, making it ideal for use in the field by farmers and veterinarians. The hoof cutter is tested to evaluate its efficiency and safety. The results showed that the hoof cutter is both efficient and safe to use


Abstract Inventory is one of the important things for a company, this isbecause most of the assets owned by the company are located on theinventory account side. For trading and manufacturing companies,inventory can be said to be the life or heart of the business, because thecompany's main business activity comes from the availability of inventorystocks. Therefore, the application of inventory accounting inmanufacturing companies is necessary to avoid the occurrence of OverStock (OS) or Out Of Stock (OOS). The purpose of research at PT AgungBumi Agro is to find out whether the application of PT Agung Bumi Agro'sinventory accounting is in accordance with PSAK No. 14 Revised of 2015.This research was conducted by comparing the process of implementingPT Agung Bumi Agro's inventory accounting with the applicableprovisions of PSAK No. 14 Revision of 2015. The results obtained in thisstudy explain that the inventory accounting income at PT Agung BumiAgro is good in terms of inventory definition, inventory measurement,recognition as expense and disclosure of inventories have beenimplemented in accordance with PSAK No. 14, 2015 Revision.Keywords : Inventory; PSAK No 14, 2015 Revision; InventoryValuation; Inventory Recording


Philosophy needs History of Science needs History of Philosophy. The purpose of this essay is to identify why history of science and philosophy of science have lost their former alliance. Reasons include, among others, structural elements in funding, e.g. a run‐down version of interdisciplinarity that encourages philosophy and history to work with the sciences rather than with each other. Moreover, the disciplinary assemblage in terms of cultural studies (German: Kulturwissenschaften) has eroded the continental concept of 'Geisteswissenschaft' to which history and philosophy traditionally belong. In consequence, both disciplines face a loss of knowledge in historical terminologies and related inquiries. Above all, these matter for shaping and understanding concepts and ideas; not last for the conceptualization of history and philosophy of science themselves.


Abstract The Franklin Institute study was prepared for the Philadelphia City Planning Commission and the Philadelphia Redevelopment Authority as a necessary first step in the elimination of obnoxious industrial odors from the Aramingo redevelopment area in north-east Philadelphia. The study developed machinery for isolating the various chemical components of certain obnoxious industrial odors, primarily by freezing them out of samples of air.


Abstract Pyridine-2-aldehydesalicylaldazine (Hpas) reacts with metal salts to yield complexes M(pas)2 [M = OV(IV), Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II)]. The complexes have been characterized by elemental analyses, TGA and DTA, magnetic susceptibility, electronic, ESR and IR spectral studies. A square pyramidal geometry for VO(pas)2 and an octahedral stereochemistry for the remaining complexes are proposed. X-ray powder diffraction characterizes Ni(II), Co(II) and Zn(II) complexes to have tetragonal unit lattices.


This paper proposes a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model that endogenously generates inflation persistence. We assume that although firms change prices periodically, they face convex costs that preclude optimal adjustment. In essence, the model assumes that price stickiness arises from both the frequency and size of price adjustments. The model is estimated using Bayesian techniques, and the results strongly support both sources of price stickiness in the U.S. data. In contrast with traditional sticky price models, the framework yields inflation inertia, a delayed effect of monetary policy shocks on inflation, and the observed "reverse dynamic" correlation between inflation and economic activity.


Today when working with mobilities, one is faced with the revision of a complete theoretical tapestry as well as entrenched methodological challenges of conducting ethnography; an endeavour which implies various tasks such as reviewing methodological nationalism, considering the essence of the research and the use of its adjectives, as well as problematising in the position of the researcher in a single-sited or in a multi-sited context of research. Therefore, this article takes its point of departure in ethnography as a production of knowledge, by working in two senses. First, by reviewing classic existing fieldwork. Secondly, by questioning the way we do fieldwork today in the context of Mediterranean mobilities. In order to provide some examples on such work on mobilities, this article tackles three main interconnected questions: the nature of ethnography as capturing new challenges, mainly through the mobility paradigm, the use of the adjectives of ethnography and its meaning, and finally considering some ethnographic reflections in the Mediterranean setting (fieldwork in Northern Morocco: Tangier and the Jebala Mountains) as a fieldwork illustration.


Three strains of the green microalga Botryococcus braunii (JJS, KCM, and KJD) were isolated from different water bodies in Korea and grown as batch cultures in the laboratory. The effects of different growth media and temperatures on the growth rate were investigated, as well as the effect of temperature on the total lipid content and lipid profile. All three strains had the highest growth rates in BG-11 medium and at . Maximal lipid production () was at in the JJS strain and at in the KCM and KJD strains. However, all the three strains produced the greatest percent dry weight of total lipids at and had the lowest percent dry weight of total lipids at . In general, oleic acid, linolenic acid, and behenic acid were the most common fatty acids in all three strains. However, the three strains varied considerably in their fatty acid profiles at different culture temperatures.


In order to improve the surveying accuracy,the radio wave refraction error caused by atmosphere medium has to make correction.Aiming at the existing high accuracy radar has been increasingly used for low altitude or super low altitude exploration that the elevation angle of a radar is in about 0 deg,a corrective method of radio wave refraction errors is proposed,which is practical in 0 deg and its nearby elevation angles.This method uses the atmospheric refractivity grads and adopts an integration by parts to solve the problems of normal radio wave refraction error correction,such as the denominator of the correlation formula is zero,so as to be unable to calculate or it may influence the computation speed seriously when the iteration times are too many and so on.So it can be applied in the engineering.The effectiveness of the proposed method is proved through a comparison with the corrective result of normal methods.


The authors have studied the damaging effects of CCl4 (0.05ml/Kg) in healthy rats, in alloxan diabetic rats and in rats treated with tolbutamide per os (100mg/Kg) for twenty days. Histological studies in these animals demonstrated that actually hyperinsulinemia has a slight protective action on damage produced by CCl4 on rat liver.


Anyone who has endured a university seminar series devoted to exposing the failings of the West, its racist and sexist 'othering' of non-Western cultures and its complicity with the evils of neo-liberal capitalism, will open Melanie Phillips's new book with a mixture of relief and foreboding. Relief that an award-winning, London based journalist like Phillips understands the extent of what she terms 'the intelligentsia's' betrayal of the core Western values of freedom and reason. Foreboding at the implications of this betrayal for the survival of the Western, secular, democratic project.


The lines of further research that will ensure an adequate reproduction of the internal resonance phenomena in the windings when a transformer is affected by the overvoltage of network.


Hammerstein models were used to identify two typical systems of a circulating fluidized bed(CFB)boiler,of which the nonlinear and linear parts were respectively expressed by polynomials and difference equations,and the identification problems of models were converted into the optimization searching in parameter space using quantum genetic algorithm(QGA).Optimal solutions of unknown parameters were solved so as to obtain specific models of the two systems in the CFB boiler.Moreover,a series of simulation experiments were performed with field data.Results show that Hammerstein models can well express the characteristics of typical systems in CFB boilers,and mathematical models of high precision can be obtained by using quantum genetic algorithm to optimize the parameters.


This paper revisits the offshoring, outsourcing and performance relationship. We suggest that adopting a portfolio approach is important to study this relationship. Specifically, we examine the impact of diversity of sourcing portfolio of R&D projects on firm level performance. Sourcing portfolio refers to the spread of the firm's R&D projects across different sourcing choices. Using ownership and geographic location as the two dimensions for our model, we examine the spread of a firm's R&D projects across four sourcing choices: domestic in-house, domestic outsourcing, offshoring to a foreign subsidiary (captive offshoring), and offshore outsourcing. Our focal activity is drug development, a component of the biopharmaceutical industry's R&D, and the unit of analysis is sourcing portfolio for R&D projects (clinical trials) of a firm. Using data from a unique database, CROCAS, we examine the impact of sourcing portfolios for 98 firms during the period of 1997- 2008. We find that firms that have a more diver...


Objective: The aim of this article is to summarize the main radiological evidences induced by multiple myeloma at the jaws level. Materials and Methods: The analysis examines the main case reports and reviews on the matter. All relevant publications were searched through the PubMed search engine, using the following keywords: "Multiple Myeloma" and "Radiological evidences", "Maxilla", "Jaw", "TMJ". The purpose of our review is to highlight how oral radiological investigation is extremely useful in detecting any bone alterations associated with cases of multiple myeloma. In addition, we investigate the sites of the jaws where direct bone alteration is more frequently, and we perform a differential diagnosis with other focal alterations of the jaws or those that are the result of certain drug therapies (bisphosphonates). Our research stresses the concept that early diagnosis of multiple myeloma at the jaws level may prevent unnecessary and inadequate treatments. Results: From the evaluation of our research, it is evident that osteolytic lesions are one of the fundamental signs of multiple myeloma, especially in areas undergoing intense hematopoietic activity. Among the radiological techniques used for diagnosis, the most sensitive one appears to be the three-dimensional technique, such as CT or Cone Beam, whereas two-dimensional radiographs (orthopantomography) appear to be exhaustive only when the lesion is very extensive. Conclusions: It is evident that the dentist figure plays not only a supportive role, but also a fundamental part in the diagnostic process, as lesions that may anticipate a systemic manifestation are often encountered at the oral level.


1 A new mechanism for the reaction of direct (additive) chlorination of ethylene with chlorine from the formation of 1,2-dichloroethane in the presence of FeCl3 catalyst promoted by NaCl has been proposed. It was found that the rate depends on the active phase concentration of the catalyst and the promoter, as well as the formation of the Na[Fe(C2H4Cl)4] complex, which is a surface intermediate of the reaction. The heterogeneous-homogeneous mechanism of the process, according to which the reaction begins on the surface of the catalytic complex and lasts in a solution of dichloroethane, has been substantiated. A stabilizer of the catalyst complex – the sodium salt of perforated sulfonic acid, which accelerates the process of dissolution of sodium chloride, – increases the selectivity of 1,2-dichloroethane formation and reduces the number of by-products of trichloroethane and other chlorine derivatives.


Phase shifting interferometry (PSI) is one of the more common techniques for interpolation between interference fringes. A surface-profiling PSI instrument stores CCD image frames of fringe patterns for a series of reference phases; then applies a mathematical algorithm to recover phase information.1 Because the wavefront phase itself is a linear function of the surface profile, PSI provides a high-resolution measurement of the surface figure.


Lean laminar premixed propane and methane flames which were anchored by a hydrogen-pilot flame in a tube were
investigated experimentally. The different flame shapes were observed by varying mean velocity from 10 to
200cm/s(Re=339~6772) and equivalence ratio from 0.45 to 0.7. The flame shape was observed by a ICCD camera and a
high speed camera. It was possible to draw stability diagram for propane and methane flames. And the Le number effect
on the behavior of the flame was investigated in the stability diagram for propane and methane flames. The stability
diagram consists of flashback region, tail-out region, stable region and vibrating region.
The He-Ne laser and the PMT were used for measuring the frequency of vibrating flame and the Ar-Ion laser and
alumina particles were used for observing the flow streamline before the flame front.


The weekly abundances of the sexual phase (aggregate zoold) of 2 salp populatlons (tunlcates Thaha democratlca and Salpa fuslform~s) were determined from 1967 to 1990 at a fixed statlon in the coastal waters of the Western Mediterranean, using a discrete scale of abundance For both specles the abundance tlme senes shows the occasional developn~ent of blooms of aggregate zoolds Several hydrologlcal and meteorological variables were recorded concormtantly, and thelr Influence on the occurrence of blooms was evaluated uslng a Markov reglesslon model for ordlnal tlme senes Abundance at Week t was found to depend on the slze of the population for the 2 prevlous weeks and on environmental vanables The Influence of hydrologlcal variables alr temperature and lrradlance corresponds to the relationship between seasonal strahficatlon of the water column and occurrence of blooms the stronger the stratlflcatlon the lower the probablllty of observing hlgh densities of salps Wlnd stress was also found to exert a slgnlflcant ~nfluence, wlth gusts of wlnd fachtatlng the development of blooms through the renewal of the pelagic production The lnfluence of easterly wlnds, w h ~ c h lnvolves a process of surface waters accumulating near the coast, is h m t e d to T democrat~ca Conversely, the influence of westerly wlnds, whlch leads to local upwelhng, IS h ~ t e d to S fus r foms These results are consistent w t h known ddferences In the spatlal dlstnbuhon of 7 democratica and S fuslfonrus wlth respect to both dlstance to the coast and depth


SUMMARYIn 14 provinces of Iran, 23 307 colonies of Apis mellifera from 94 apiaries were inspected for chalkbrood disease in 1993 and 1994. Chalk-brood was present in six of the provinces with an overall infection rate of 8%, however, infection rates varied between provinces and apiaries. The disease was particularly severe and widely distributed in the temperate, high-rainfall Caspian Sea region. Of 200 mummies sectioned and examined microscopically, 96% were infected with Ascosphaera apis containing mature spore cysts, while the remaining 4% had empty nutriocytes. Fungal morphology and growth rate fell within published limits for A. apis. This is the first report of chalkbrood in Apis mellifera in Iran.


The invention relates to a self-resetting reverse locking bearing which comprises an outer ring, an inner ring, a retainer and rolling bodies. The self-resetting reverse locking bearing is characterized in that a plurality of sets of curve faces connected end to end are arranged on the surface of the inner circumference of the outer ring, one end of each curve face is an arc section, the other end of each curve face is a linear section, and the arc sections and the linear sections are in smooth transition connection; the retainer is arranged between the inner ring and the outer ring, and the rolling bodies are arranged in the mounting window holes of the retainer; cantilever limit blocks are additionally arranged in the mounting window holes of the retainer, one end of each cantilever limit block is fixed to the retainer, and a bent ortion capable of being elastically bent towards one sides of the rolling bodies is arranged at the other end of each cantilever limit block. The self-resetting reverse locking bearing is simple in structure, ingenious in design, convenient and reliable to assemble and meanwhile capable of guaranteeing the function and the stable performance of the bearing on the premise of meeting the requirements for the expected locking performance and the service life of the locking bearing.


SU(3) and SU(4) are considered as spectrum-generating groups and applied to the decays rho ..-->.. e anti e, ..omega.. ..-->.. e anti e, phi ..-->.. e anti e, and J(psi) ..-->.. ee. The results are compared with the experimental data, which comparison leads to predictions of the form of the electromagnetic transition operator (currents). (AIP)


IntRoductIon Aphasia affects the use of language, but has a massive impact on everyday life. Lam & Wodchis[1] examined health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in 66,193 residents in long-term hospital care using the Health-Status Index (MDS-HSI), universally used in North American long-term care facilities. The analysis examined the impact of 60 diseases and 15 conditions on HRQoL and it was aphasia that showed the largest negative relationship to MDS-HSI, followed by cancer and Alzheimer's disease. A wide range of studies has shown the impact of aphasia on the lives of aphasic people and their families[2-4]; despite these striking demonstrations that aphasia has the most extensive negative effects on QoL, awareness of aphasia in the public and healthcare professions is significantly lower than comparable conditions with lower incidence and prevalence than aphasia. This paper reviews the range of studies conducted internationally of the awareness (having 'heard of' aphasia) and basic knowledge of aphasia and discusses attempts to improve awareness and knowledge.


Conventional karyotyping has been used as the standard cytogenetic technique since the 1970s. With conventional karyotyping one can detect aberrations larger than 5 – 10 Mb and it can detect chromosomal aberrations in approximately 5% of patients with mental retardation (MR). To identify smaller copy number variants (CNVs) new molecular cytogenetic techniques have been developed. One of these techniques is the Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) array. This method allows the detection of SNP-genotype as well as the presence of small deletions and amplifications. In this thesis we have studied patients with MR and/or congenital malformations. The question we have tried to answer by studying the genome of the patient is whether we can find a cause for the signs and symptoms observed in the patient. The SNP array was successfully used for the detection of novel CNVs and has replaced the conventional karyotyping in the routine diagnostic flow in MR patients in our diagnostic setting. We are therefore able to make a diagnosis in a higher number of MR patients, thus improving medical care and genetic counselling. However, a major complexity is the finding of potentially pathogenic CNVs for which the clinical significance is not immediately clear.


Abstract Indonesia is the largest archipelagic nation in the world with 17,504 islands, a coastline of 108,000 km and 15.8% (27,255 km2) of the world's coral reefs. This paper reviews the status of marine protected areas (MPAs) and networks of MPA in Indonesia, draws on lessons learned, and highlights what has been learned from the design of a network of MPAs for Fisheries Management Area (FMA) 715 across six eastern provinces as an example of how such work can be adapted for other parts of the country and elsewhere. Nationally, the 235,622 km2 of MPAs are mostly large (average 2,380 km2) with use zones and small no-take areas (<15 percent). MPAs are implemented by provincial governments or one of 2 national agencies. The design of a network of MPAs across FMA 715 began with 14 MPAs covering 1,977,276 ha or 4% of the marine waters of FMA 715 in 2016. Now there are 48 MPAs covering 3,062,206 hectares in the planning area, and the design process identified an additional 44 Areas of Interest required to establish new MPAs to augment the existing MPAs in FMA 715 to achieve the objectives of enhancing fisheries, protecting biodiversity, adapting to climate change while supporting community livelihoods and traditional practices. Issues identified in the process are that the scale and complexity of science and management needed is beyond what most stakeholders can easily comprehend; that implementation cuts across multiple jurisdictions with a still-new formal mandate for planning and managing the large network area; and, that the present process could only be possible with outside facilitating expertise. Finally, since the national conservation agency is currently finalizing legal guidelines for the planning and implementation of sub-national networks of MPA, this process has educated many and the result will lend legal and governance support to the continued planning and implementation of the FMA 715 MPA Network and for other areas.


COVID‐19, the disease caused by SARS‐CoV‐2, is still afflicting thousands of people across the globe. Few studies on COVID‐19 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are available. Here, we analyzed data from the CLL cohort of the Italian Hematology Alliance on COVID‐19 (NCT04352556), which included 256 CLL patients enrolled between 25 February 2020 and 1 February 2021. Median age was 70 years (range 38–94) with male preponderance (60.1%). Approximately half of patients (n = 127) had received at least one line of therapy for CLL, including 108 (83.7%) who were on active treatment at the time of COVID‐19 or received their last therapy within 12 months. Most patients (230/256, 89.9%) were symptomatic at COVID‐19 diagnosis and the majority required hospitalization (n = 176). Overall, after a median follow‐up of 42 days (IQR 24–96), case fatality rate was 30.1%, and it was 37.5% and 24.4% in the first (25 February 2020–22 June 2020) and second wave (23 June 2020–1 February 2021), respectively (p = 0.03). At multivariate analysis, male sex (HR 1.82, 95% CI 1.03–3.24, p = 0.04), age over than 70 years (HR 2.23, 95% CI 1.23–4.05, p = 0.01), any treatment for CLL given in the last 12 months (HR 1.72, 95% CI 1.04–2.84, p = 0.04) and COVID‐19 severity (severe: HR 5.66, 95% CI 2.62–12.33, p < 0.0001; critical: HR 15.99, 95% CI 6.93–36.90, p < 0.0001) were independently associated with poor survival. In summary, we report a dismal COVID‐related outcome in a significant fraction of CLL patients, that can be nicely predicted by clinical parameters.


A thorough statistical analysis of the structures deposited in the Cambridge Structure Database reveals that both the lone-pair-π and anion-π interactions occur in a predictive and directional fashion, as evidenced by the careful examination of potential bonding contacts between some common solvent molecules or non-coordinating anions and the electron-rich phenyl or electron-deficient pentafluorophenyl rings. The general directional character of both the lone-pair-π and anion-π bonds is clearly observed in the solid state.


ABSTRACT The manual is dasigaed to provide special education preschool teachers with a guide for parent involvement activities. The guide presents 32 activities divided into three topical areas: (1) communicating with parents (orientation packet, newsletter, school-home notebook, bulletin board for parents); (2) resource activities (field trips, home learning lending library, used book exchange, class cookbook, parent library); and (3) parent meetings and workshops (open house, outdoor education, language development, nutrition). Activities provide information on objectives, materials/personnel/budget, time needed, procedures, evaluation, and followup. Some activities are accompanied by materials designed to be duplicated. An annotated bibliography on parent involvement in early childhood special education is appended. (CL)


Detecting changes between two satellite images of the same scene generally requires an accurate (and thus often uneasy to obtain) model discriminating relevant changes from irrelevant ones. We here present a generic method, based on the definition of four different a-contrario detection models (associated to arbitrary features), whose aggregation is then trained from specific examples with gradient boosting. The results we present are encouraging, and in particular the low false positive rate is noticeable.


Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) are among the most abundantly expressed RNA binding proteins in the cell and play major roles in all facets of RNA metabolism. hnRNPs are increasingly appreciated as essential for mammalian B cell development by regulating the carefully ordered expression of specific genes. Due to this tight regulation of the hnRNP-RNA network, it is no surprise that a growing number of genes encoding hnRNPs have been causally associated with the onset or progression of many cancers, including B-cell neoplasms. Here we discuss our current understanding of hnRNP-driven regulation in normal, perturbed, and malignant B-cells, and the most recent and emerging therapeutic innovations aimed at targeting the hnRNP-RNA network in lymphoma.


This paper presents a language for image processing-analysis called ElKONES. The language grammar is derived from the C language with extensions for efficient and flexible image processing. The EIKONES language provides to the user flexibility and friendliness for image processing which are not available in other image processing tools or conventional languages or function libraries. The basic idea behind EIKONES, is the consideration of the image processing algorithms as objects and the appropriate development of a formal grammar for its actual implementation. EIKONES provides a high level language for image processing with features such as learning capability, statistical and region analysis, object tracking. The way in which image operations are specified facilitates a natural language interface for use in a voice-activated system because multiple image operations are mapped to a single image word.


Acetone-dried pituitary extracts obtained from non-piscine sources- the common toad, Bufo regularis; the African bullfrog, Rana adspersa; and chicken, Gallus domesticus, were evaluated as alternative inducement agents to piscine-sourced pituitary extracts to spawn Clarias isheriensis. A single dose of 4 mg of dry pituitary extract per kilogram of female was injected intraperitoneally, and it induced ovulation and spawning in all treatments; there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in percent fertilization of eggs. All pituitary extracts were effective in inducing ovulation and spawning in C. isheriensis and, therefore, can be used as alternative sources of pituitary hormones.


University journals in Guangdong province have been developing rapidly since the implementation of the Reform and Opening-Up policy.This rapid development was inseparable from the development of higher education,effective policies and the improvement of the academic environment in Guangdong province.During this period,university journals in Guangdong province had experienced two main development stages: the recovery and development period and the reform and promotion period,which had formed their own development characteristics.


The Blazar H1426+428 (z = 0.129) has been observed with the HEGRA stereoscopic system of imaging air Cherenkov telescopes for 270 hrs in the years 1999, 2000, and 2002. The object is detected with a significance of 7.5 σ. The energy spectrum measured by HEGRA extends up to ≈ 8 TeV with indications for a change in the spectral slope at energies above 2 TeV. The integral flux above 1 TeV in 1999 and 2000 amounts to ≈ 8 % of the flux of the Crab Nebula. In 2002, the flux drops to a level of 3 % of the Crab Nebula. The extragalactic background light (EBL) at wavelengths between 1 and 10 microns causes substantial (τ = 1 . . . 9) absorption of photons in the measured energy spectrum. The intrinsic spectra after correction for absorption are discussed. Nearly simultaneous observations with the X-ray observatory RXTE in 2000 and 2002 indicate flux and spectral variability in the X-ray band between 2 and 20 keV.


The invention discloses a data acquiring and displaying method, system and Web server based on Web pages, wherein the data acquiring and displaying method comprises the steps of: receiving http requests of users; screening the http requests according to a preset parameter value; obtaining relevant data from a database according to the screened http requests; organizing the obtained relevant data into a Json data format; and sending the data of the Json data format to the web page to be displayed. In the data acquiring and displaying method disclosed by the invention, the data is acquired directly through asynchronous http requests by the web page instead of the method of calling interfaces among different servers, data from a plurality of data sources can be acquired by the pages simultaneously, and then the data can be related and displayed to users according to the application requirements. Therefore, the information irrelevant to Web application is integrated seamlessly and quickly so that all the Web applications can be interacted and integrated without interfaces, the coupling degree of the application system is reduced, and repeated development is avoided.


The production of trills requires precise articulatory and aerodynamic settings, which appear to be hardly compatible with secondary palatalization – the raising and fronting of the tongue body. Yet, the precise reasons for this incompatibility are still poorly understood, largely given the paucity of articulatory work on trills. Moreover, previous investigations of palatalized trills have been limited to apicals (alveolars/dentals), raising the question of whether the suggested factors are general to all lingual trills, including uvulars, or are specific to apical trills. This paper presents an exploratory investigation of sustained palatalized and nonpalatalized apical (phonemic) and uvular trills (idiolectal) produced by a native speaker of Russian in word-initial and word-final positions. Acoustic, ultrasound, and electropalatography data collected from the speaker reveal some striking similarities between palatalized apical and uvular trills. Although these can be sustained for over a half-second (having 10-20 contacts), they show a gradually increasing rate of vibration compared to non-palatalized trills, often ending in approximant-like realizations. This can be attributed to the gradual raising/fronting of the tongue body for the palatalization gesture, the peak of which tends to occur at the offset the trill constriction for both apicals and uvulars, and regardless of the position.


Bukit Tiga Puluh National Park (TNBT) is a nature conservation area that has a variety of important and interesting fauna, one of which is a butterfly. The existence of butterflies in an ecosystem acts as a bioindicator, pollinator, and high aesthetic value. The type and number of butterflies are influenced by various environmental factors, one of the most important factors is the types of plants as vegetation habitat. The existence of different habitat conditions can be found in several areas in the Talang Lakat Resort TNBT Utilization Zone, namely in the area of Mu'un Lake and Camp Granite. The study was to identify and inventory the Rhopalocera butterfly based on morphological characters and the presence of differences in habitat vegetation in the two areas in the TNBT utilization zone. The method used is the method of roaming with the help of insect nets. Sampling was carried out starting from the morning (08.00-11.00 WIB) until the afternoon (15.00-17.30 WIB). Samples obtained immediately made insectarium and identified. The results obtained are that there are some different types of butterflies and plants between the Granite Camp region (15 and 26 species) and mu'un lake (7 and 15 species). The butterflies obtained consisted of the Hesperiidae, Lycaenidae, Papilionidae, Nympalidae and Pieridae families. The highest number of species and individuals of butterflies in the two regions comes from the Nympalidae Family. The differences in the types of butterflies in the two regions are influenced by the quite high differences in the number of plant species that dominate in each region which is a habitat for butterflies. Besides physical factors also support the existence of butterflies (temperature, light intensity, humidity)


We report the discovery of a third ULX in NGC 925 (ULX-3), detected in 2017 November by Chandra at a luminosity of LX = (7.8 ± 0.8) × 1039 erg s−1. Examination of archival data for NGC 925 reveals that ULX-3 was detected by Swift at a similarly high luminosity in 2011, as well as by XMM-Newton in 2017 January at a much lower luminosity of LX = (3.8 ± 0.5) × 1038 erg s−1. With an additional Chandra nondetection in 2005, this object demonstrates a high dynamic range of flux of factor ≳26. In its high-luminosity detections, ULX-3 exhibits a hard power-law spectrum with Γ = 1.6 ± 0.1, whereas the XMM-Newton detection is slightly softer, with , and is also well-fitted with a broadened disk model. The long-term light curve is sparsely covered and could be consistent either with the propeller effect or with a large-amplitude superorbital period, both of which are seen in ULXs, in particular those with neutron star accretors. Further systematic monitoring of ULX-3 will allow us to determine the mechanism by which ULX-3 undergoes its extreme variability and to better understand the accretion processes of ULXs.


With the microteaching developing,it absorbed the new education thought and method unceasingly in the theory and practice reasearch process,which made the method of miroteaching consummation.In this paper,we discussed the internal relation between the microteaching and sports teaching though studying the characteristic of them.


College counselors' work is the main component of higher college works. The counselors should carry out their works from the following five parts: humanizing ideological education, normalizing behavior management, emotionalizing class construction as well as making practice activity to be function and serving for students comprehensively.


Abstract The hydrodynamic processes operating within stellar interiors are far richer than represented by the best stellar evolution model available. Although it is now widely understood, through astrophysical simulation and relevant terrestrial experiment, that many of the basic assumptions which underlie our treatments of stellar evolution are flawed, we lack a suitable, comprehensive replacement. This is due to a deficiency in our fundamental understanding of the transport and mixing properties of a turbulent, reactive, magnetized plasma; a deficiency in knowledge which stems from the richness and variety of solutions which characterize the inherently non-linear set of governing equations. The exponential increase in availability of computing resources, however, is ushering in a new era of understanding complex hydrodynamic flows; and although this field is still in its formative stages, the sophistication already achieved is leading to a dramatic paradigm shift in how we model astrophysical fluid dynamics. We highlight here some recent results from a series of multi-dimensional stellar interior calculations which are part of a program designed to improve our one-dimensional treatment of massive star evolution and stellar evolution in general.


Expansive polynomials (whose roots are greater than 1 in modulus) often arise in dynamical systems and other computational problems. This paper examines the expansivity gap (the gap between 1 and the smallest modulus of the roots) of these polynomials, assuming that the coefficients are integers. We give lower bounds on the expansivity gap, using the degree and the coefficient size as parameters. We also construct a family of polynomials which indicate the sharpness of these bounds. As a side-result, we present an explicit condition for deciding expansivity of polynomials, which we find superior to the existing recursive methods for our purpose.


Stress-strain curves for brittle rocks show three characteristic stress levels: crack initiation, long-term strength, and peak strength. Damage-controlled testing at low confining stresses has shown that the long-term and peak strengths are sensitive to the amount of induced damage, i.e., the greater the amount of damage, the lower the long-term and peak strengths. These tests also showed that the brittle-failure process is characterized by a loss of cohesion as friction is mobilized. Excavation of a circular test tunnel in massive brittle rock resulted in failure around the tunnel. The back-calculated strength for the failed rock around the tunnel is approximately one-half of that measured in laboratory tests. Crack-induced damage of Lac du Bonnet granite, both in the laboratory and in situ, begins when the load exceeds approximately one-third of the unconfined compressive strength. However, the stress level associated with failure is a function of loading path. In the laboratory, where the loading path monotonically increases, the ultimate strength of an unconfined sample is 225 MPa. Numerical studies suggest that in situ the loading path around the tunnel is more complex, involving stress increase and decrease and stress rotation. For this loading path, failure initiates at a stress between 100 and 120 MPa. Conventional frictional failure criteria did not adequately predict the extent of brittle failure measured around the circular tunnel. The results from the damage-controlled laboratory tests and the microseismic monitoring carried out during tunnel construction indicate a constant-deviatoric-stress criterion is a reliable indicator for predicting the onset of damage. This criterion was also found to give a reasonable prediction for the maximum depth of failure around the test tunnel. The fundamental assumption in the constant-deviatoric-stress criterion is that at low confining stresses, such as those which occur around underground openings, the brittle-failure process is dominated by cohesion loss.


Security document, such as a banknote, a value paper, an identification document, an access card, a security label or packaging, comprising an imprint-able substrate, chosen from the group of papers, cardboards, textiles and polymer sheets, as a first constituting part, and at least a second constituting part, chosen from the group of printing inks, security threads, windows, fibers, planchettes, foils, and decals, wherein a same security element is contained at least a first time in or on one of its constituting parts, and at least a second time in or on another of its constituting parts. Method for producing a security document, characterized in that a same security element is applied at least a first time in a first step to one constituting part of said document, and at least a second time in a second step to another constituting part of said document.


The main uncertainties in the field development with the use of multiple-fractured horizontal wells (MFHW) in waterflooding are the inflow/injection profile along the horizontal wellbore, the number of working hydraulic fracturing ports, the dynamics of the productivity factor, the presence of the self-induced fracturing effect. All these factors affect the sweep efficiency and oil recovery factor. To remove uncertainties and increase the efficiency of waterflooding, a systematic approach to the control and management of the MFHW is required.
 Implementation of this approach is an important direction of technological development of Gazprom Neft PJSC. The creation of a system for monitoring and managing the MFHW is based on the search, sampling, analysis of efficiency and selection of control technologies (geophysical studies for removal of uncertainties) and management technologies (well interventions for improvement of operational efficiency of MFHW).
 One of the most promising technologies for monitoring the MFHW is long-term monitoring of downhole parameters (temperature and noise) with fiber-optic systems (FOS). Gazprom Neft PJSC has a positive expirience in this area, which includes the use of the FOS of various configurations, design and interpretation of the results of this type of research. Therefore, the main issue of using FOS in MFHW is the delivery of optical fiber to the horizontal part of the well with the possibility of further carrying out the well interventions without dismantling the FOS. The paper describes the results of testing a unique method of delivery of fiber-optic cable in the MFHW using coiled tubing and hydraulic anchor at the field in the Orenburg region.


The criminal investigation power is a concept with many distinct meanings.It is the bases for us to have the scientific understanding of modern criminal investigation power to break through the limitations of traditional angle of view of that power,to change the idea of simplicity of the power.In spite of the diversity of the meaning of criminal investigation power,it has its basic meaning that it is a kind of power with legality and supported by state force and belongs to criminal investigation bodies only.


The previous Histogram of Oriented Gradient (HOG) and Local Binary Pattern (LBP) feature fusion pedestrian detection method has disadvantages such as sensitivity to noise, serious spectral information loss, high feature dimension and much redundant information, etc. This paper proposes a pedestrian detection method based on the feature fusion of Improved Histogram of Oriented Gradient (I-HOG) and Sobel Uniform Pattern LBP (Sobel-ULBP). By inserting Gaussian filtering algorithm to complete the pre-processing of the image to be extracted, the image transition is uniform and smooth, details are eliminated, and the noise generated by compression and transmission is removed. Subsequently, Sobel edge detection is performed on the image to reduce the influence of pedestrian background and clothing texture and other information, and highlight the pedestrian silhouette. Because the optimized I-HOG features and Sobel-ULBP texture feature obtained by calculation have higher feature dimensions. Therefore, the principal component analysis algorithm (PCA) is used to reduce the dimensions of the two features, and then the two features are fused in series, and finally the fused features are sent to the support vector machine (SVM) for training to obtain a pedestrian classifier. A simulation experiment was carried out on the INRIA pedestrian database, and the results show that the method has improved recall rate and pedestrian recognition rate.


The article examines the main issues of the role and place of registration-examination departments of the State inspection of traffic safety of the MIA of Russia in system of internal Affairs bodies in the sphere of road safety. Also, a list of the basic functions performed by the State inspection of traffic safety of the Ministry of internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, its management bodies and subdivisions.


Rapid development of media makes teenagers easily access their idol through social media. The association of Indonesian youth in the social media community will impact their daily lifestyles that are often incompatible with Indonesian culture. The purpose of this research is to determine the role of emotional intelligence to celebrity worship, on Korean idol bands that active in social media. Subject of this study is 597 adolescents who idolize Korean bands., taken using snowball sampling technique. The research method implied was quantitative method using Daniel Golemen Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (30 items) and Maltby Celebrity Attitude Scale (34 items). The results of this research indicate that emotional intelligence decrease excessive behavior of celebrity worship in teenagers. Adolescent emotional intelligence should be trained so that Indonesian teenagers can filter incoming culture through social media.


On July 1, 2008, France took over the presidency of the European Union. France and the United States were the first countries to recognize the independence of Kosovo. One of President Sarkozy's priorities during the six-month EU presidency was the establishment of a coordinated European immigration policy. The most important aims were the fight against illegal immigration and the development of efficient strategies for workrelated legal immigration in the EU. Thus migration seems to be a "fashionable" issue, especially in the destination countries. In the sending countries, such as Kosovo, it is equally important. The Kosovar population is extremely young: about 70% are under 30 years old. Today, work-related emigration is often seen as an important way of reducing the unemployment rate, which affects between 40 and 45% of the work force in Kosovo. Kosovar youths lack opportunities to find work at home, but also abroad due to strict visa and restricted work permit policies. However, the large Diaspora of Kosovo Albanians already living and working abroad and the remittances which are sent to the origin country seem to balance the implications of the high unemployment rate. Indeed, according to estimates nearly 30% of Kosovo households have at least one family member living abroad, one fifth of the families receive remittances on a more or less regular basis. A vast majority of emigrated Kosovars lives and works in (Western) Europe. The number of Diaspora members living in the United States, Canada, Australia and Turkey should not be underestimated either. Kosovo Diaspora members work mainly in the tertiary sector. However, about 10% of Kosovo Albanian expatriates are highly skilled. On the one hand they can be considered brain drain, on the other hand their contribution to the development of Kosovar society is increasingly recognized. A considerable part of the emigrated Kosovars maintain close contacts with their families,


I, Jayen K. Thaker (Registration No 5039, dated 1-1-2013), hereby declare that the thesis titled," A Study of Attributes of Indian Entrepreneurs: A Case Study of Saurashtra Region" submitted by me for the award of degree of Doctor of Philosophy in commerce, is original work and it is a record of independent research work carried out by me under the guidance of Dr. Harish M. Chandarana Sir, Head, Commerce Department, Shri H.N. Doshi Arts & R.N. Doshi Commerce College, Wankaner. This has not been submitted for any other degree, diploma or distinction in any university.


Concerning UWB applications a highly stable timebase is of great importance. Within this timebase a finely resoluted frequency synthesizer is used to generate two signals with a slight offset in frequency. In order to avoid the poor spectral performance of commercial direct digital synthesizers and to decrease the effort and costs in circuit design compared to a phase locked loop concept a new approach is presented within this paper. This concept utilizes two fractional-N frequency dividers with a short periodicity in division factor sequence. The resulting spurious signals are suppressed using a ceramic bandpass filter. The basic concept as well as a realization of the system are presented. Measurement results show a phase noise performance of −157 dBc/Hz @ 20kHz at a frequency of 5.35 MHz while having a frequency resolution well below 100 Hz.


The main aim of this paper is to illustrate human–nature relations from a comparative study of the contexts of later Merleau-Ponty and the Zhuangzi. I argue that the Zhuangzi has its own phenomenology of the natural world, which is worth comparing to Merleau-Pontian later phenomenology. To compare the arguments on human–nature relations in the contexts of later Merleau-Ponty and the Zhuangzi in detail, first, I briefly compare the cultural philosophies of nature in ancient Greece and China and their possible influences on our contemporary understanding of nature. Second, I compare the concept of "flesh" of Merleau-Ponty with the concept of "vital energy" in the Zhuangzi and point out the main roles of these concepts in their respective theories of the natural world. Third, I use the "reversibility thesis" created by Merleau-Ponty to analyze the ontological significance of illness in the arguments of Merleau-Ponty and the Zhuangzi. Fourth, inspired by Merleau-Pontian and Zhuangzian ideas about language and expression, I expound on a view of illness as a primordial language of nature and its possible role in mediating human–nature relations. Ultimately, I conclude that the comparative study of thoughts on human–nature relations in the literatures of later Merleau-Ponty and the Zhuangzi can help us reconsider and readjust our main attitudes toward nature, illness and nonhuman beings in the contemporary postpandemic era.


A numerical model that simulates groundwater flow and solute transport for cases in which fluid properties are variable was applied in one dimension (vertical) to the shallow, low-permeability, clayey, confining layer in Donana National Park in southwestern Spain. The salinity in the 80-m-thick confining layer decreases from a brine near the land surface to fresh water near its base. Results of model simulations indicate that the system could be in or close to a steady state condition. The model calibration was very sensitive to small variations in individual model parameters and was nonunique in the sense that equally good calibrations could be achieved by compensatory joint perturbations in the permeability, diffusion coefficient, and overall governing hydraulic gradient. At present, there is probably an upward flow of the order of 1 mm yr−1 to 1 cm yr−1 and a balance in the solute flux between upward advection and downward diffusion. The time scale of calculated responses to changes in boundary conditions in this low-permeability system ranges from thousands to hundreds of thousands of years when considering extremes within the range of uncertainty of values of the evaluated parameters.


This paper presents a self-reconfigurable camera array system that captures and renders 3D virtual scenes interactively. It is composed of an array of 48 cameras mounted on mobile platforms. We propose an efficient algorithm that is capable of rendering high-quality novel views from the captured images. The algorithm reconstructs a view-dependent multiresolution 2D mesh model of the scene geometry on the fly and uses it for rendering. The algorithm combines region of interest (ROI) identification, JPEG image decompression, lens distortion correction, scene geometry reconstruction and novel view synthesis seamlessly on a single Intel Xeon 2.4 GHz processor, which is capable of generating novel views at 4 10 frames per second (fps). In addition, we present a view-dependent adaptive capturing scheme that moves the cameras in order to show even better rendering results. Such camera reconfiguration naturally leads to a nonuniform arrangement of the cameras on the camera plane, which is both view-dependent and scene-dependent.


Accelerating the germination of branches obtained from over 30 years old quercus variabilis trees by indoor sand culture,then using coppice sprouts from the branches as explants to build tissue cultural system,this experiment studies the effect of the cultural media kinds、the sucrose concentration、the IBA concentration and the processing time on the ratio of rooting.The result shows that 1/4MS with 30g/L sucrose is the best medium,the rooting ratio is up to 66.4%,the average number of the rooting is 2.3,and the average length of the roots is 4.82cm;following the two-step rooting method,the shoots have been cultured by adding 1.0mg/L IBA for 14 days,then transferred to the medium without hormone.In this way,a high rooting ratio is up to 96.7%,and there is no callus in the base.


Travel behavioral choice among commuters using private vehicles versus public transport representing a conflict between individual and society is known as social dilemma (Garling, et at, 1996, 2000, 2001). Structural approach is widely used, however the results often are not reasonably implementable. Alternatively, Jacobsson et al (2000) analyzed psychological factors in applying road pricing to reduce private car use. This paper applies structural and psychological approach between using private and public transport (with bus-lane). Analyzing 300 respondents defined essential variables affecting their utility for using private vehicles i.e. travel time, cost of fuel, and parking fee level, whereas for using public transport: travel time, walking time, fare level and service types (air-conditioned vs. non-airconditioned). Logit model was applied to obtain utility function for car, motorcycle and bus. Psychological approach was used to analyze latent variables (e.g. reduction of private vehicle use, public transport subsidy, acceptance of bus lane) using structural equation modeling (SEM).


In the crystal structure of the title compound, [CdNa(C11H7O8)(H2O)5]·4H2O, the carboxylate trianion binds to a triaquacadmium unit through one O atom of its 5-carboxylate group. It also chelates through two O atoms of the 5-oxyacetate group to an adjacent triaquacadmium unit to form a linear chain. The diaquasodium unit is chelated by the 1-oxyacetate [–O–CH2–C(O)O–] group of one trianion and by the 3-oxyacetate group of another trianion. Both cadmium and sodium have six-coordinate octahedral geometries in a ribbon structure. The ribbons are linked into a three-dimensional network by hydrogen bonds.


Two models have been buit on 2×1 Si(001) surfaces whose structures are Si-OH and Si-O-Si oxygenic bridge.The system energies and surface structures are comparatively calculated by generalized gradient approximation(GGA) and local density approximation(LDA),based on density functional theory(DFT) in k-point space with periodic boundary condition.After analysis of the calculation data in comparison with the experiment data,it is concluded that using GGA method is more suitable than LDA to calculate the surface structure of Si compound materials.


Lithium-7 NMR spectrometry was used to study the complexation reaction between lithium ions and several 12-, 15- and 18-membered crown ethers in a number of binary acetonitrile-nitrobenzene mixtures. Formation constants of the resulting 1:1 complexes in different solvent mixtures were determined by computer fitting of the chemical shift-mole ratio data. There is an inverse relationship between the complex stability and the amount of acetonitrile in the mixed solvent. Among different sized crown ethers used, 15-crowns were found to form the most stable Li + complexes in the series. The influence of substitution on the macrocyclic rings on the stability of the resulting complexes is discussed.


The paper describes measurements of indoor reception of a 7 MHz OFDM signal transmitted at a center frequency of 762 MHz. The channel impulse response and the selectivity characteristics in the frequency domain and the spatial domain are measured. Furthermore, an indication is given of the effect of building attenuation. Building penetration loss is due to attenuation or shielding of the radio signals by walls, floors and ceilings. Using over 300 measurement runs in different rooms at different floors in 40 residential houses, apartment buildings and office buildings in Eindhoven, the building penetration loss can be determined. From the measurements, it can for example be determined that the typical building penetration loss in 90% of the buildings (macro-scale) will be smaller than 15 dB. If one decreases the height of an outdoor receiving antenna, the received signal power will usually decrease as well. This is partially due to shielding by buildings or other obstacles in the line-of-sight path. From the measurements, it appears that the combined height/building penetration loss compared with a 10 m outdoor antenna, will be less than 22 dB in 90% of the buildings.


Introduction: The purpose of this study was to comparatively assess the two techniques of cleft palate repair i.e. Kriens intravelar veloplasty (IVV) and modified Furlow Palatoplasty (MFP) for post-operative fistula formation, wound dehiscence at suture line, nasal regurgitation, velopharyngeal insufficiency, soft palate lengthening and speech. Method: This prospective study was conducted on 60 patients having primary cleft palate.  They were assigned either to IVV group or MFP group randomly so that both the groups consisted of 30 patients each. The two groups were operated under general anesthesia. Measurements at the time of operation were made with the help of soft ruler and Castroviejo caliper. Follow up of patient's was done 1 week, 1 month, 3 month, 6 months and complication is present was noted. Five year post operatively speech was recorded and assessed by the speech language pathologist. Post-operative Nasoendoscopy was also performed to assess the velopharyngeal insufficiency. Result: The MFP group showed more percentage elongation of the soft palate and less incidence of post-operative palatal fistula formation than IVV group. Total speech scores were superior in MFP patients but the differences were less robust. Velopharyngeal incompetence was present in both groups but was less severe in MFP group than the IVV group.  Conclusion: The MFP group showed comparatively superior results than the IVV group but required an increased surgical time. Therefore MFP can be used as an alternative technique for cleft palate repair.


The aim of this article is to show and to examine the instruments of town and country planning that the Autonomous Community of Cantabria has at present. It also tries to contrast this theoretical and legal framework with the real land management through the statement and analysis of the main conflicts that the Cantabrian region lives nowadays.


The Eastern Adriatic Slope (EAS) represents an elongated and extensive structural-stratigraphic element of post-Toarcien age buried under late Tertiary and Quaternary clastics of the Adriatic foreland basin. It has been generated at transition between the drowned Mid Adriatic-Ionian pelagic basin, and the west edge of the shallow carbonate platform of the External Dinarides. In Croatian territorial waters, EAS extends from the Istrian offshore in the north to the Dubrovnik aquatory In the south. In integral Part II of this work (Nafta 48; 8-9, 1997, p. 249-266), the EAS was considered as an exploration unit of particular petroleum-geologica interest. Consequently, specia attention was focused here on the potential of this unit as a whole and on the prospects of its individual segments. The main hydrocarbon potential of the EAS zone was anticipated primarily on the ground of its specific properties as follows: . Geat dimension of the EAS zone which in the Croatian offshore exceeds 550 km, . Favorable superposition of the EAS potential hydrocarbon traps relative to the anoxic Dffshore Istria - Palagruža Graben of Ladinian - Carnian and possibly Rhaetian age. . Presence of the Upper Lias - Paleogene periplatform slope deposits along EAS as a potential reservoir complex of high porosity and regional distribution, . Sufficient maturation due to persistent and intensive burial during the late Mesozoic and Tertiary, . Presence of Neogene -Pleistocene clastics as the regional and widespread sealing interval in all of the EAS zone except in areas of young diapiric piercement. The EAS's geological model strongly suggests possible presence of various stratigraphic and fault related hydrocarbon traps associated with the synkinematic development of the carbonate platform escarpment and fault system running parallel to the Schio-Palagruža lineament. Peri-Adriatic oil fields in Italy and Albania related to the West Adriatic Slope (WAS) and Vieste-Sazani lineament could be understood as a positive indication of aforementioned hydrocarbon entrapment possibilities. Namely, the geological models of both EAS and WAS reveal great similarities and a potential genetic link during paleogeographic evolution. Similarity is related to the position and configuration of the periplatform reservoir facies, structural-stratigraphic traps' geometry, juxtaposition and superposition relative to the mutual Mid Adriatic-lonian euxinic basins. The intention of this work is to promote hydrocarbon exploration in the whole EAS zone, and especially in its most promising segments which have not as yet been a specific target during former hydrocarbon exploration in the Croatian offshore.


Parenteral Therapy 45'0 REPORTS OF CASESOtogenous Meningitis with Recovery, by T. Bovn LAW, M.B., Ch.M., F.R.A.C.S. .. 448 Anomalous Serological Findings in a Case of Dementia Paralytica, by P. GUY REYNOLDS .. 448 ORIGINAL. ARTICL.ESPage. 'An Address, Py JOHN K. ADEY, M.B., B.S., O.B.E... 417 The Assessment of the Physical FindiJlgs and the Associated Structural Changes in Pulmonary and Cardiac Disease, by DOUGLAS J. THOMAS, M.D., B.S., D.M.R., M.R.C.P. 419 Suppurative Conditions of the Lung and their Treatment, with Special Reference to UltraShort-Wave Therapy, by G. C. Moss, M.B., B.S., M.R.C.P. .. .. 433 Disorders of the Pituitary Gland in Relation to Circulatory and Metabolic Disturbances: The Clinical Aspect, by D. W. CARMALT-JONES, D.M., F.R.C.P. .. 439 Disorders of the Pituitary Gland in Relation to Metabolic and Circulatory Disturbance, by SIR C. STANTON HICKS .. 441 How Civilization Manufactures Neuroses: A Survey of 200 Consecutive Cases, by JOHN BOSTOCl\', M.B., B.S:, D;P.M. .. 444


It is shown that in experiments on narcotic male rats of the Wistar line using laser Doppler flometry (LDF) under conditions of induced (ligature) experimental periodontitis (EP), indicators of blood microcirculation in the gum mucosa in the lower incisors is reduced compared with intact periodontium. When using traditional drug therapy (TDT) in the conditions of EP in the selected localization, observed a significant promotion in blood microcirculation after a 12-day period of treatment. However, on the 74th day of the study, it decreases. The use of TDT in combination with gel, containing cluster silver in the form of micelle monomers and cluster monomers of the AgK+ type and superoxide dismutase, and a new injectable form, which is a recombinant human superoxide dismutase, under EP conditions in the selected field of study both after applying the pharmacological composition for twelve days, and on the 74th day of the experiment caused an increase in microcirculation to the original values.


For two decades the dominant trend in political science has been a movement predominantly concerned with factual explanation. There has over that period been little concern in our professional publications with normative questions except in a historical sense or as cultural data serviceable in factual explanation. In here predicting an increased professional concern with normative questions in the decade or so ahead of us, I am not presuming any serious abatement of the "behavioral" interest or any drastic modification in what it primarily stands for, namely, the pursuit of a "science of politics" in the sense of a body of reliable principles factually explicative of political behavior. Rather, I am assuming that the pursuit of factual knowledge does not necessarily involve (as it did in recent decades) a neglect of normative problems. Rather, it is possible (depending upon the contingencies of history) for the vigorous pursuit of factual knowledge to raise moral conundrums which demand serious intellectual analy-


which "seem virtually identical to that of maternal ones "as well as to the caritas of God" (p. 220). Less helpful, however, are her narrow definitions of paternity and politics. After a somewhat idiosyncratic three-page history of "Love in the Western World," Shuger claims that the Renaissance redefined the nature of love whereby "a natural love" was seen as "asexual" (p. 231) and as the "unmerited and gratuitous love of the higher for the lower, the stronger for the weaker" (p. 226). This understanding of love becomes the basis for her view of Renaissance paternity, a love which is so "unconditional and instinctive" that "[pjarents do not stop loving their children" even if those children are deformed or weak (p. 234). This surprisingly unqualified assertion — that seems to fly in the face of studies concerning battered, abandoned, and neglected children —is ultimately rooted by Shuger in her psychosocial theory whereby the family relationship which is "a space outside the political" arises from "a need to escape political relations" (p. 235). Politics for Shuger is reduced to the Hobbesian "'wolfpack': perpetual and restless desire of power after power that ceases only in death" (p. 239, quoting Hobbes's Leviathan). Throughout her reappraisal of Renaissance thought, Shuger claims considerable incompatibility and self-contradiction within the Renaissance authors, yet her own theory is based upon internal contradictions. For example, in "Nurturing Fathers" she begins by arguing that paternal love is distinct from politics since it is not based on power manipulation. Yet at the end of the same chapter she state that "the only way to make one's child love back is to hide one's love and use parental power —and to deprive the child of the mother's breast and hence create the guilty confusion of desire, aggression and dependence that lie at the center of absolutist theology" (p. 248). In summary, Shuger performs a service in attempting to show the importance of the religious dimensions of the Renaissance, yet many scholars will want a reexamination of what she presents as the nature of religion and of her reasons for restricting the Renaissance as she does.


Background: The main problem facing Indonesian people today is nutrition deficiency which brings effect to low quality of human resources. Infants aging 6 – 12 months are at high risk of having growth and development disorder. Complementary breastfeeding pattern is one of factors causing gross motoric movement growth and development disorder. Objective: This study was meant to know the relationship be-tween complementary breastfeeding pattern and gross motoric movement growth and development of infants aging 6 – 12 months at Bermani Ulu Sub district, Rejang Lebong District. Method: This was observational type of research which used cohort design. The samples consisted of 87 infants of 6 – 12 months selected through simple random sampling. Complementary breastfeeding pattern data were collected using interview and food call methods, growth data using anthropometry measurement, gross motoric movement data using motoric guideline of infants aging 3 – 18 months. Analysis of data used chi-square, anova, logistic linier and logistic regression. Results: The result of the study showed there was no significant relationship (p>0.05) between complementary breastfeeding pattern and gross motoric movement growth and development. There was significant relationship (p<0.05) between energy intake and protein intake and growth, with energy intake and protein intake. There was significant relationship (p<0.05) between energy intake and protein intake and development, with energy intake and protein intake. Result of multivariate analysis showed there were 2 variables as growth predictor i.e. energy intake (B=0.096) and protein intake (B=0.351) with (24.7) R square and there were 2 variables as gross motoric movement development predictor i.e. energy intake and protein intake (p<0.05). Conclusions: 1) Complementary breastfeeding were not related to gross motoric movement growth and development, 2) energy and protein intake of complementary breastfeeding were related to gross motoric movement growth and development, 3) energy and protein intake were dominant factor which were related to gross motoric movement growth and development.


A series of phenylallyl-substituted unsymmetrical ureas were synthesized in a one-pot procedure by reactions of cinnamoyl isocyanate, which was prepared from cinnamoyl azide by Curtius rearrangement, with various aromatic amines, 2-amino-5-aryl-1,3,4-thiadiazoles and 2-amino-5-aryloxymethylene-1,3,4-thiadiazoles under microwave irradiation. Compared to conventional methods, this synthesis has the advantages of mild reaction conditions, easy handling, and high yields. The products have been characterized by analytical and spectral (IR and 1H NMR) data.


Abstract : Factors determining ice drift in the Weddell Sea are analyzed mathematically on the basis of observations made along Siberia and modified to fit local hydrographic conditions. Data are tabulated and graphed on the relation between ice drift and wind with constant wind conditions and increasing ice resistance, surface-drift velocity and friction depth assuming ice resistance to be proportional to the square of the surface velocity, seasonal variations in the wind factor and deviation angle, seasonal variations in the coefficients of ice resistance and wind action, and the relation between wind and ice drift under quasi-stationary conditions. Ice drift in the Weddell Sea is determined by wind action on the ice, the resistance of ice against ice, the depth of the friction layer in the water, and the deflecting force of the earth's rotation. The importance of the wind factor in the Weddell Sea is greater than the open Arctic Ocean since the ice offers a greater surface to the wind. (Author)


Several insect pests are associated with Casuarina equisetifolia L. in India. Among them, the bark eating caterpillar, Indarbela quadrinotata Walker (Metarbelidae: Lepidoptera) has attained serious pest proportions in Tamil Nadu State, which is located in the southern part of the country. The impact of I. quadrinotata on the growth of C. equisetifolia was studied in selected plantations of this species, located in three agro-climatic zones of the State. The data generated suggest that I. quadrinotata has the potential to reduce the growth of the trees significantly.


January 2020, the first COVID case was reported in USA. Two years later, over 50 million cases and more than 800,000 people died in the United States alone, just a small portion out of the 270 million cases and over 5 million deaths all over the world. We still haven't seen the light at the end of the tunnel. Delta just caused a wave of panic worldwide and now we are facing more contagious variants, Omicron variant, that our vaccines may not protect against. We need science and scientists. China has the most stringent COVID prevention protocols and it works very well. However, there are still sporadic cased reported here and there. Lots of these cases were related to the cold chain and food packaging. In this issue Fig. 1A, Omar M. Atta developed bacterial cellulose based biocompatible, biodegradable, bioactive, and non-toxic food packaging material, which is silver decorated bacterial cellulose nanocomposites. These nanocomposites showed antimicrobial activity against both bacterial and fungal strains up to 9 weeks and extending the shelf-life of different foods (Silver Decorated Bacterial Cellulose Nanocomposites as Antimicrobial Food Packaging Materials). First, the authors generated bacterial cellulose-based silver nanodeposit films, whose moisture content and solubility were determined to be close to chitosan. Subsequently, the mechanical and chemical properties were evaluated using a combination of techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The authors then tested the antimicrobial effects using three bacterial and two fungal strains, all of which could not grow on the films. When tomatoes and oranges were tested for food packaging, they could be preserved for a long time under various conditions. It will be interesting to see the mechanism for the antimicrobial properties without the silver. Meanwhile, R. Kumar functionalized the gold nanoparticles and found the enhanced antibacterial effect against bacteria (Untangling the Effect of Surfactants as An Intermediate at Gold NanoparticleAntibiotic Interface for Enhanced Bactericidal Effect). These two papers offer options for food security, especially in the current pandemic. During the pandemic, the detoxify the wastewater is critical. Azo dyes, which are widely used in industry, are of significant concern for the proper disposal in water. The decolorization of these dyes is a central challenge during disposal. An often-used method is applying anaerobic sludge to biologically degrade azo dyes, which have limited efficiency. In the current issue, Liao et al. (Fig. 1B, Conductive Polyaniline Enhanced Decolorization of Azo Dyes in Anaerobic Wastewater Treatment) reported the synthesis of polyaniline, a conductive polymer containing benzene and quinone repeating units, to aid the oxidation of azo dyes for decolorization. After optimizing the polyaniline concentration, chemical oxidation demand concentration, and carbon sources, the authors upregulated the efficiency of decolorization of azo dye-containing water by ~ 20% compared to using anaerobic microorganisms alone. The authors attributed the function of polyaniline to its conductivity. Interestingly, the application of polyaniline also changed the microorganism composition of the anaerobic sludge, which may also contribute to the decolorization. W. Zou summarized the recent research to improve and modify the poly (lactic acid) (PLA) from corn and sugar beet, which are all renewable resources. These environmentally friendly, biocompatible, and biodegradable materials have wide applications in medical industry, food industry and other areas (Fig. 1C, Review on Modification of Poly (lactic acid) in Physical and Mechanical Properties). Current, most of the energy related devices, such as solar cells (halide perovskite solar cell, dye sensitize solar cell, CIGS, silicon solar cell) and energy storage (ion batteries, capacitors), are using synthetic compounds as active materials. K. M. Gadave used natural lycopene to sensitize ZnO as photo active electrode for dye sensitized solar cell ES Food & Agroforestry


As a founder of New China,a designer and practitioner of the basic socialist system,MAO Ze-dong developed a series of significant theories for maintaining social stabilities and put them into practice successfully in the process of strengthening the political power,keeping the social stability and changing the society in 1949-1957.From the viewpoint of history,these important theories and successful experience and practice are of great guidance for realizing social stabilities in the course of constructing a well-off,and harmonious socialist society.


The problem of achieving high light extraction efficiency in Al-rich AlxGa 1 − x ?> N is of paramount importance for the realization of AlGaN-based deep ultraviolet (DUV) optoelectronic devices. To solve this problem, we investigate the microscopic mechanism of valence band inversion and light polarization, a crucial factor for enhancing light extraction efficiency, in Al-rich AlxGa 1 − x ?> N alloy using the Heyd–Scuseria–Ernzerhof hybrid functional, local-density approximation with 1/2 occupation, and the Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof functional, in which the spin–orbit coupling effect is included. We find that the microscopic Ga-atom distribution can effectively modulate the valence band structure of Al-rich AlxGa 1 − x ?> N. Moreover, we prove that the valence band arrangement in the decreasing order of heavy hole, light hole, and crystal-field split-off hole can be realized by using nanoscale (AlN)m/(GaN)n (m>n) superlattice (SL) substituting for Al-rich AlxGa 1 − x ?> N disorder alloy as the active layer of optoelectronic devices due to the ultra-thin GaN layer modulation. The valence band maximum, i.e., the heavy hole band, has px- and py-like characteristics and is highly localized in the SL structure, which leads to the desired transverse electric (TE) polarized (E⊥c) light emission with improved light extraction efficiency in the DUV spectral region. Some important band-structure parameters and electron/hole effective masses are also given. The physical origin for the valence band inversion and TE polarization in (AlN)m/(GaN)n SL is analyzed in depth.


A special characteristic of the Gospel of Judas is its astronomical and astrological interest, especially traces of concerns about the influence of stars and planets. What celestial body should be identified as the star that influenced Judas is a question that has not yet been raised. This chapter answers this question by scrutinizing Judas' star, placing it against background of Gnosticism and the religious history of antiquity. The idea that a special star is related to Judas will be explained as a symbol of his superior position, especially in comparison with the other disciples of Jesus, but also with respect to humanity as a whole. Judas' star, the thirteenth heavenly being, will preside over the archontic kingdom whose work is "everything that is evil". What is this star? The star of Judas, which "goes ahead" of the others and rules over them? The chapter argues, Judas' star is the sun. Keywords: archontic kingdom; disciples; Gnosticism; Gospel of Judas ; Jesus; Judas' star


Background Fifty percent of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients develop liver metastasis. This study identified and characterized cancer stem cells (CSCs) within colon adenocarcinoma metastasis to the liver (CAML). Methods 3,3-Diaminobenzidine immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was performed on nine CAML samples for embryonic stem cell (ESC) markers OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, c-Myc, and KLF4. Immunofluorescence (IF) IHC staining was performed to investigate coexpression of two markers. NanoString mRNA expression analysis and colorimetric in situ hybridization (CISH) were performed on four snap-frozen CAML tissue samples for transcript expression of these ESC markers. Cells stained positively and negatively for each marker by IHC and CISH staining were counted and analyzed. Results 3,3-Diaminobenzidine IHC staining, and NanoString and CISH mRNA analyses demonstrated the expression of OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, c-Myc, and KLF4 within in all nine CAML samples, except for SOX2 which was below detectable levels on NanoString mRNA analysis. IF IHC staining showed the presence of a SOX2+/NANOG+/KLF4+/c-Myc+/OCT− CSC subpopulation within the tumor nests, and a SOX2+/NANOG+/KLF4+/c-Myc+/OCT4− CSC subpopulation and a SOX2+/NANOG+/KLF4+/c-Myc+/OCT4+ CSC subpopulation within the peritumoral stroma. Conclusion The novel finding of three CSC subpopulations within CAML provides insights into the biology of CRC.


Although single-agent fludarabine is associated with high response rates (60%–80%) in patients with previously untreated B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL), this therapy is not curative and patients will relapse from persistence of minimal residual disease. Response rates to subsequent lines of therapy drop dramatically, as does survival. Antibodies including alemtuzumab and rituximab act in synergy with fludarabine and improve responses in salvage CLL therapy. In an effort to identify an effective chemoimmunotherapy regimen for patients with relapsed CLL, a phase II, multicenter, open-label, randomized trial was initiated. B-CLL patients who had failed prior therapy were randomized to treatment with either fludarabine combined with alemtuzumab or fludarabine combined with rituximab. Four patients randomized to the cohort received fludarabine 25 mg/m 2 IV and alemtuzumab 30 mg SC, on Days 1–5. Eight patients received fludarabine 25 mg/m 2 IV on Days 1–5, and rituximab 375 mg/m 2 IV on Days 1 and 4 of the first cycle, followed by fludarabine 25 mg/m 2 IV on Days 1–5, and rituximab 375 mg/m 2 IV on Day 1 in subsequent cycles. Patients were assessed monthly for response while on therapy, and interim restaging occurred at cycle 4. Those who achieved a CR received no further therapy, whereas those who achieved a PR or SD received 2 additional cycles. 12 patients (7 male and 5 female) participated in this trial and the median age was 67 years. Nine patients had Rai III/IV (2 patients in alemtuzumab arm and 7 patients in rituximab arm). All patients had failed 1 course of therapy; 9 had failed treatment with a fludarabine-based regimen, and 3 had failed treatment with alkylating agents. In the alemtuzumab arm, 2 patients developed a CMV reactivation, one of whom developed CMV viremia, which was successfully treated with gancyclovir. Of the 8 patients in the rituximab plus fludarabine arm, 6 withdrew due to adverse events and 2 patients died while on study. In the alemtuzumab plus fludarabine arm, 1 person withdrew due to adverse events and 1 patient died after the trial was closed. Overall, 3 of 4 patients in the alemtuzumab arm responded (2 complete response [CR], 1 partial response [PR]), and 3 of 7 patients in the rituximab arm (1 CR, 2 PR). Recently published data has prompted a shift in CLL therapy. Increased numbers of patients are receiving chemoimmunotherapy combinations earlier in treatment. An increased use of FR and FCR in the first-line setting made further recruitment difficult. The potential of randomizing patients to the FR arm of the study prompted low accrual and the subsequent closing of the study.


The present invention relates to novel classes formula (I) 6- benzyl urea / thiourea - directed to the chromene derivative - quinolin-2-one derivatives and 2-oxo-6-benzyl-urea / thiourea. These compounds are androgen antagonists, alopecia, are useful in the treatment of other conditions inappropriate activation and relationship of acne and androgen receptors. [Of 14]


To deal with the huge amount of potentially interesting content on the web today, users seek the help of curators to recommend which content to consume. The two most common forms of curation are expert-based (the editor of a newspaper decides which articles to place on the front page), and algorithmic-based (a search algorithm determines the ranking of websites for a given query). In recent years, content aggregators which use explicit vote-based feedback to curate content for future users have grown exponentially in popularity. The goal of this paper is to provide a descriptive analysis of these crowdsourced curation mechanisms. In particular, we study crowd-curation mechanisms that rank articles according to a score which is a function of userfeedback. We precisely quantify the dynamics of which articles become popular in such these systems. While crowdcuration can be relatively eective for cardinal objectives like discovering and promoting content of high quality, they do not perform well for ordinal objectives such as nding the best articles. Our analysis suggests that user preferences and behavior are a far greater determinant of curation quality than the actual details of the curation mechanism. Finally, we show that certain shifts in user voting behavior can have positive impacts on these systems, suggesting that active moderation of user behavior is important for high quality curation in crowd-sourced systems.