In an earlier paper it was shown that mineral oils containing high molecular weight polymer would give better lubrication characteristics (lower friction and lower wear in a V-8 automotive engine) than straight mineral oils of the same viscosity. In this paper, the effects of polymer type, molecular weight and concentration are considered. Generally, friction and wear decrease with polymer concentration, leveling off to a "plateau" which is a characteristic of the given polymer. The level depends on both polymer type and molecular weight, the best results being obtained with the lowest molecular weight polymer. The behavior of polymer/oil blends is also sensitive to the presence of polar surfactants. It is concluded that both the bulk properties of oils, such as viscoelasticity, and surface effects are important in accounting for the advantage of polymer-modified oils. Contributed by the ASLE Technical Committee on Engine Lubrication and presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Lubricati...


The paper reports the effects of substituents on C— Br bond dissociation energy in substituted bromobenzenes. The following substituents introduced in various positions of benzene ring were investigated: F, Cl, Br, CH3, C6H5, CN and OH. In addition, the studies were extended to bromopyridines and bromothiophene. Assuming that the frequency factor is constant for the series of decompositions, the following values were obtained for the difference ∆D = D(Ph— Br) - D(Phs— Br), where PhsBr denotes a molecule of substituted bromobenzene: substituent ∆D (kcal/mole) substituent ∆D (kcal/mole) p-F 0-5 m-C6H5 0-8 p-Cl 0-6 o-C6H5 2-7 m-Cl 1-0 p-CN 0-3 o-Cl 1-2 m-CN 0-8 p-Br 0-3 o-CN 0-6 o-Br 1-8 p-OH 3-9 P-CH3 0-2 o-OH 3-8 m-CH3 0-2 3-bromopyridine -5-0 o-CH3 0-8 2-bromopyridine -0-6 p-C6H5 0-2 2-bromothiophene 2-4 The significance of these results is discussed, and a tentative explanation of the observed effects is proposed.


Motivated by the events of Black Saturday, the goal of this work was to develop a computer model to simulate the interaction between a bushfire and the atmosphere. This model was developed to provide a better understanding on how atmospheric features such as pyro-convection, cold fronts, and nocturnal bores can impact fire behaviour and increase fire risk. The research showed that it is crucial to understand the influence atmospheric conditions have on fire behaviour and how the fire modifies the atmosphere by creating its own fire weather.


Objective To build a systematic,comprehensive,high efficient and maneuverable follow-up system in multi-disciplinary team(MDT).Methods Comparing with abroad follow-up practical management,the advantages and disadvantages were analyzed by using multiple follow-up forms and the construct of staffs to guide and evaluate the postoperative patients in colorectal carcinoma at the beginning of follow up system.Results Follow-up system was made rationalized,and an effective follow-up model was built up to extend in MDT.Conclusion Following up the present situation with patients of colorectal cancer in this country,the correct direction which is based on current follow-up system would be put out.That would be the important study to improve the medical treatment in next stage.


Abstract The role of plastic deformations on the vortex dynamics instability of the fluxline lattice (FLL) in high-temperature superconductors is investigated. A model is proposed where elastic instability characterizes the FLL dynamics in a certain domain when the plastic energy of dislocation exceeds the pinning energy in that domain. Under these conditions, the velocity of the flux lines moving in this domain will change. Accordingly, the force—velocity relationship of the vortex lines or, equivalently, the I—V characteristics of the superconductor will experience the same change. A criterion for the appearance of the instability in the FLL is proposed by ΔE D/E pin ≥ 1, where ΔE D is the plastic energy of dislocation and E pin is the pinning energy of a rigid flux line. When this criterion is applied, the experimental measurements on superconducting YBa2Cu3O7-x thin films were reproduced. These results confirm the importance of plastic deformations in the behaviour of the FLL in superconductors.


Here we design a compact, portable and cost-effective holographic microscope based on the concept of holographic microscope slide. We developed a wavefront division holographic interferometer deployable for in-situ environmental monitoring and point-of care diagnostics.


This study analyses the differences between polivaliant and politechnical formations and the changes that happened when in the interest for the formation of the worker in post-modern world, where the fragmentation of functions is no more required, giving place to the unilaterality of polivaliance. It also identifies the perplexity of schools and educators facing the needs of the market and of the formation of an omnilateral citizen for contemporareicy.


Rainwater harvesting for agriculture is the agricultural activity which collects,stores runoff and uses it for drinking,sanitation and supplemental irrigation.It includes several interrelated processes: rainwater collecting,rainwater storing,rainwater transporting and rainwater utilizing.Prevenient researches of rainwater harvesting focused more on each individual process or technique and did not concern the processes or techniques as a whole.This resulted in a loose relationship of above processes and low water transforming efficiency from one process to another.In this paper,the concept of Water Using and Transforming Efficiency of rainwater harvesting is put forward systematically.The sub-processes of rainwater harvesting-rainwater collecting,rainwater reserving,rainwater transporting and rainwater using are studied and analyzed as a whole.Then combining some experimental data,several ways to enhance rainwater using and transforming efficiency are provided.


The song Loneliness went viral after America's Got Talent gave it a Golden Buzzer for the performance of the song's owner, Putri Ariani. Behind the popularity of this song, there is a sad story that Putri experienced, such as being underestimated because of her physical limitations. In this case, a song lyric can have value and be able to attract attention if the choice of words is correct. As the function of lyrics and songs is to speak universally, they can express the contents of the creator's heart, and reflect the culture of various existing cultural diversity. Therefore, examining song lyrics can provide an academic narrative of the meaning contained therein. This research aims to explain the technique of translating English into Indonesian for the song Loneliness by Putri Arian. Using a theoretical approach to translation techniques from Newmark (1988) and Larson (1984), the song Loneliness was analyzed qualitative-descriptive. The results of research on the lyrics of the song Loneliness by Putri Ariani are the meaning of the song using adaptation techniques, semantic translation and the concept of lexical items.


Camera game is one kind of new game form which produces along with the technical progress. It gets rid of the mouse and the keyboard limit,and provides brand-new interaction experience. The Flash 8 bitmap processing function makes the realization of Flash Camera game possible. The Camera game can fully display its interaction and entertaining when introduced into the deveopment of fash Courseware. Compares with the traditional Flash Courseware,it has the superiority which can not be substituted. The thesis puts up several principles for the design of Flash courseware based on camera game and introduces its development procedures particularly with the couseware named Fruits Eden.It provides the technical basis and the framework of reference for the future development.


Distribution, abundance and species diversity of selected arthropod groups were sampled by pitfall trapping over a flooding gradient in a Midwestern river bottomland forest. Species richness increased with elevation above the floodplain, and was inversely related to flooding frequency. Areas exposed to more frequent flooding also had greater variation in species richness. Abundance of all arthropods increased with elevation over the gradient, although individual groups showed some variation in distribution patterns. Seasonality of flooding was found to influence seasonal abundance of some groups differentially. Changes in arthropod abundance and diversity (owing to reservoir construction downstream) were predicted, using data on modified flooding regimes and subsequent changes in litter habitats. Consequences of reservoir impact on arthropod communities are discussed.


The measurement of the radar cross section (RCS) of time-varying targets, which variation of reflectivity are caused by geometrical or radioelectrical deformations has to tackle sever constraints. Indeed the measurement time must be short enough so that the phenomenon under study can be considered as stationary. Besides, the frequency bandwidth of the system has to be wide enough for a fine analysis of the phenomenon. Both constraints induce thereby an increasing amount of data to be processed. However recent evolutions of digital high speed technologies enable to overcome these difficulties. An ultra-wideband digital system, named HYCAM, and dedicated to the measurement and the realtime analysis of the RCS of time varying targets, has been designed. The transmitted waveform is an OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) phase coded signal, which minimizes the ratio between the peak power and the mean power. An instantaneous indoor measurement of a time varying target has been carried out by an experimental system


0.31 inthe proximaltubules and 1.31 inthe distal tubules suggest that @rc-DMSAisneithersecreted nor reab sorbed along the nephron. Ninety-eightpercent of the DMSAactivitywas recovered Inthe finalipsilateralurine,while only 0.5% was found in the urine of the contralateral kidney. Conclusion: Alowfractionof @"Tc-DMSAentersthe tubuleby glomerularfiltrationandis notreabsorbedfromthetubularfluid. Thus,onlyperitubularextractionbythetubularcellis responsible for renal uptake of


A 20-year-old male presented with worsening of shortness of breath of 1-month duration. He provided history of rheumatic fever in the past and was on intravenous benzathine penicillin prophylaxis, which he discontinued for the last 2 years. There was no history of fever, cough, joint-related symptoms, or involuntary movements. He was moderately built and poorly nourished with bilateral pitting pedal edema. There was no skin lesion or subcutaneous nodules. Patient was afebrile and tachypneic at rest, with resting tachycardia, elevated jugular venous pressure, and blood pressure of 114/56 mm Hg in the right upper limb. Cardiovascular examination revealed cardiomegaly, soft first heart sound, loud second heart sound, grade 3/6 harsh pan systolic murmur at the apex, …


A good psychological character is essential for undergraduates when they seek employment.Politi- cal and ideological education plays an important role in cultivating the undergraduates' confidence,fortitudi- nous gumption,active adaptability to the environment and the ability to stand setback in their process of job hunting.


To position the Asian southern margin before the India‐Asia collision, paleomagnetic and geochronologic studies were performed on the Dianzhong Formation lava flows from the Shiquanhe area of the westernmost Lhasa terrane (LT). Zircon U‐Pb analyses dated the lava flows to ~69.5 ± 2.5 Ma. The characteristic remanent magnetization directions contain antipodal polarities and pass fold tests, implying that they are primary magnetizations; this interpretation is supported by rock‐magnetic analyses and petrographic observations. Forty‐four site‐mean directions were divided into 17 statistically independent direction groups. The group‐mean direction after tilt correction is Ds = 43.3°, Is = 30.3°, k = 28.0, α95 = 6.9°. The corresponding paleopole at 47.8°N, 181.4°E (A95 = 6.4°) yields a paleolatitude of 16.6° ± 6.4°N for the Shiquanhe area of westernmost Tibet (32.34°N, 80.12°E). Consistent paleolatitudes for the southern margin of the LT calculated from the western and central part of the LT indicate that the leading edge of the LT was aligned relatively W‐E. When compared with the reference pole at 70 Ma for Eurasia, this new paleopole suggests that crustal shortening between the Shiquanhe area and stable Asia was 1,500 ± 800 km. This is supported by the crustal shortening (600–1,000 km) absorbed by Cenozoic thrust and fold belts within this area, indicating that the magnitude of crustal shortening within Asia north of the India‐Asia suture zone was similar in the central and western part of the plateau.


Ni–Ti is a key shape-memory alloy (SMA) system for applications, being cheap and having good mechanical properties. Recently, atomistic simulations of Ni–Ti SMAs have been used with the purpose of revealing the nano-scale mechanisms that control superelasticity and the shape-memory effect (SME), which is crucial to guide alloying or processing strategies to improve materials performance. These atomistic simulations are based on molecular dynamics (MD) modelling that relies on (empirical) interatomic potentials (IAPs). These simulations must reproduce accurately the mechanism of martensitic transformation and the microstructure that it originates, since this controls both superelasticity and the SME. As demonstrated by the energy minimization theory of martensitic transformations (Ball and James (1987 Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 100 13–52)), the microstructure of martensite depends on the lattice parameters of the austenite and the martensite phases. Here, we compute the bounds of possible microstructural variations based on the experimental variations/uncertainties in the lattice parameter measurements. We show that both density functional theory and MD lattice parameters are typically outside the experimental range, and that seemingly small deviations from this range induce large deviations from the experimental bounds of the microstructural predictions, with notable cases where unphysical microstructures are predicted to form. Therefore, our work points to a strategy for benchmarking and selecting IAPs for atomistic modelling of SMAs, which is crucial to modelling the development of martensitic microstructures and their impact on the SME.


Population Limits Extensive pre-Columbian populations inhabited the central and eastern Amazon basin, as evidenced by the clearing and modification of forests. McMichael et al. (p. 1429) examined how far inland such activities may have extended by sampling soils across western Amazonia, including river bluffs, which were heavily occupied downstream. Little evidence of human disturbance across a wide region was found by looking for charcoal layers (which would suggest use of fire) and phytoliths, which trace local plants and would indicate the presence of crops. Furthermore, no ceramics or tools were found. Thus, pre-Columbian human populations seem to have been sparse in western Amazonia. Analysis of soils in western Amazonia finds little evidence for pre-Columbian human occupations there. Locally extensive pre-Columbian human occupation and modification occurred in the forests of the central and eastern Amazon Basin, but whether comparable impacts extend westward and into the vast terra firme (interfluvial) zones, remains unclear. We analyzed soils from 55 sites across central and western Amazonia to assess the history of human occupation. Sparse occurrences of charcoal and the lack of phytoliths from agricultural and disturbance species in the soils during pre-Columbian times indicated that human impacts on interfluvial forests were small, infrequent, and highly localized. No human artifacts or modified soils were found at any site surveyed. Riverine bluff areas also appeared less heavily occupied and disturbed than similar settings elsewhere. Our data indicate that human impacts on Amazonian forests were heterogeneous across this vast landscape.


There is a complex interplay between health and welfare, where social factors such as an individual's education, employment, and relationships can impact their overall health, and vice versa.
 The Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) is a national body that monitors the health of Australians including the social determinants and the distribution of health across populations. Where inequalities are observed, it investigates, where possible, the contributing factors. The AIHW is uniquely placed to address data gaps in inequalities, with a remit to monitor both health and welfare outcomes of Australians, access to a range of data and established relationships with national and jurisdictional governments.
 The AIHW reports against national frameworks such as the National Strategic Framework for Chronic Conditions. A variety of information sources are used. These include health surveys and administrative data on mortality and hospitalisations to estimate inequalities using standardised area based indices of socioeconomic status. The AIHW creates products to suit different audiences such as policy makers, researchers and the general public. These include reports, interactive web visualisations and fact sheets.
 AIHW research into mortality inequalities has consistently found that substantial mortality inequalities exist in the Australian population, particularly amongst those from areas of socioeconomic disadvantage. In 2016, if all Australians had the same cardiovascular disease (CVD) death rate as people in the highest socioeconomic areas, there would have been 8,600 fewer deaths.
 In recent times data linkage has increasingly been used to link health and social data to provide a broader understanding of the associations between social determinants and health and the health experiences of priority population groups.
 This presentation will give an overview of current monitoring efforts in Australia, and provide examples of methods used and current work in this area.


In a longitudinal study on 24 school districts the analysis of data over a 10-year-period indicates that (1) the relationship between size and the administrative component observed in cross-section...


The use of ECRH has been investigated as a promising technique to avoid or postpone disruptions in dedicated experiments in FTU and ASDEX Upgrade. Disruptions have been produced by injecting Mo through laser blow-off (FTU) or by puffing deuterium gas above the Greenwald limit (FTU and ASDEX Upgrade). The toroidal magnetic field is kept fixed and the ECRH launching mirrors have been steered before every discharge in order to change the deposition radius. The loop voltage signal is used as disruption precursor to trigger the ECRH power before the plasma current quench. In the FTU experiments (Ip = 0.35–0.5 MA, Bt = 5.3 T, PECRH = 0.4–1.2 MW) it is found that the application of ECRH modifies the current quench starting time depending on the power deposition location. A scan in deposition location has shown that the direct heating of one of the magnetic islands produced by magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) resistive instabilities (either m/n = 3/2, 2/1 or 3/1) prevents its further growth and also produces the stabilization of the other coupled modes and the delay of the current quench or its full avoidance. Disruption avoidance and complete discharge recovery are obtained when the ECRH power is applied on rational surfaces. The modes involved in the disruption are found to be tearing modes stabilized by a strong local ECRH heating. The Rutherford equation has been used to reproduce the evolution of the MHD modes. In the ASDEX Upgrade experiments L-mode plasmas (Ip = 0.6 MA, Bt = 2.5 T, PECRH = 0.6 MW ∼ POHM) the injection of ECRH close to q = 2 significantly delays the 2/1 onset and prolongs the duration of the discharge: during this phase the density continues to increase. No delay in the onset of the 2/1 mode is observed when the injected power is reduced to 0.35 MW.


Richard III Presented by the Stratford Shakespeare Festival at the Tom Patterson Theatre, Stratford, Ontario. June 2–September 25, 2011. Directed by Miles Potter. Designed by Peter Hartwell. Lighting by Kevin Fraser. Compositions by Marc Desormeaux. Sound by Peter McBoyle. With David Ferry (Edward IV), Yanna McIntosh (Elizabeth), Michael Spencer-Davis (Clarence), Seana McKenna (Richard III), Bethany Jillard (Anne), Martha Henry (Margaret), Wayne Best (Buckingham), Sean Arbuckle (Catesby), and Gareth Potter (Richmond).


The impact of atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation in early heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is unknown. Our aim was to determine the impact of AF ablation on symptoms and exercise haemodynamic parameters of early HFpEF.


High quality measurements of the IR refractive index of sapphire, above room temperature, have not been previously reported. Such knowledge is crucial for performance studies involving sapphire optical components, such as a window or lens. The temperature dependent refractive index of the o- ray of sapphire is measured by determining the change in free spectral range of sapphire etalons with temperature. The experimental temperatures range from room temperature to 720 C. One sample is used with the c-axis normal to the sample surface allowing measurement of the o-ray refractive index.


The optimal conditions for the extraction of polysaccharide peptides from Ganoderma lucidum fruitbodies cultivated with grasses were studied. The heavy metal contents in the extract were also determined. The results showed that the optimal rate of fruitbody powder to water, the temperaure and time for extracting polysaccharide peptides from Ganoderma lucidum fruitbodies cultivated with grasses such as Dicranopteris dichotoma, Neyraudia reynaudiana and Pennisetum purpureum were 1∶15,100℃ and 3h resp.. The extraction rate of polysaccharide peptides from the fruitbodies cultivated with grasses was 1~3 times to those cultivated with log under the same conditions.


Abstract Concern about the impact of diet on health has led consumers to reduce the consumption of foods perceived as being high in fat. This study quantifies consumer concern about dietary fat, identifies foods perceived as being high in fat, and explores attitudes toward, and interest in, purchasing dairy foods in which the fat has been reduced by a fat substitute. Consumer attitudes assessed in focus groups were quantified in a mail survey of 2000 California households (1667 deliverable questionnaires) with a 53% return rate (897 returned). Taste, safety, and nutrition were most important in food selection. Seventy-eight percent of respondents avoided some foods because of nutrient content. Nutritive factors considered most important were total fat content, cholesterol, and saturated:unsaturated fats. Although only about one-third of the population had heard of the fat substitute, Simplesse ® , about 60% thought foods containing this fat substitute would be healthier than traditional products. People were unsure of the safety of fat substitutes; food safety and nutritional advice from the American Medical Association and nutrition experts was considered to be most credible. About half of the consumers were ready to try reduced-fat products and willing to pay a little extra for them. They indicated that, if they liked the taste, they would eat more lower fat products made with fat replacers than traditionally made products.


This is the second of two complementary books by teachers from the University of the West of England essentially for prelicensure students during their interprofessional learning. In the first book, Gillian Barrett with colleagues introduced perspectives from 14 professions into a succinct critique of interprofessional working in health and social care (Barrett et al., 2005). In this second book, Katherine Pollard and other colleagues move from the professions and their respective roles to collaboration between them in four selected fields – community, acute, maternity and infant, and mental health care. Each chapter is brought to life by accounts of collaboration by practitioners borne of experience, interwoven with sensitivity and lightness of touch by Katherine Pollard, Judith Thomas, Paul Godin and Margaret Miers. Commitment to make collaboration work shines through consistently from the practitioners interviewed, despite frustrations resulting from the unintended consequences of service reorganization, changing roles and relationships, staff turnover, excess workloads and much more. The remaining chapter in the first half of the book combines uneasily service user and carer perspectives (briefly and detached from their contribution to other chapters) with those of voluntary sector workers (more fully). Two or even three chapters would have worked better, one allowing space to explore service user perspectives more fully, a second to explore the experience of carers distinct from those of service users, and a third for the voluntary sector revisiting discussion of collaboration in statutory services found in other chapters. Budget holding by a service user, handled especially well in one scenario, is pregnant with implications for interprofessional collaboration helpfully explored later in chapter 12. The chapters in the second half of the book are essentially commentaries referring back helpfully to the first half:


Franciscanite and orebroite are new mineral species isotypic with welinite. Franciscanite, ideally Mn6(V,D)2Si2(O,OH)_14' is hexagonal, has space group P3, with a = 8.148(1) and c = 4.804(1) A, V = 276.2 A3, Z = 1. It is dark brownish red, with vitreous luster, and no cleavage; Dmeas= 4.1 and Deale= 3.93 glcm3. It is found with sonolite, hausmannite, and gageite in the Franciscan Complex at the Pennsylvania mine in the San Antonio Valley, Santa Clara County, California. Orebroite, ideally Mn6(Sb5+,Fe3+LSiiO,OH)_14' is hexagonal, has space group P3, with a = 8.183(7) and c = 4.756(9) A, V = 275.8 A3, Z = 1. It is dark brown with vitreous luster and no cleavage; Deale= 4.77 glcm3. It is found associated with calcite at the Sjo mine, Orebro, Sweden. New data for welinite indicate the revised formula MndW,Mg)2SiiO,OH)_14 and space group P3. Gageite, associated with franciscanite, has the composition Mn38.84- MgO.5SFeo.16SiI5(O,OH)90, supporting the occurrence of octahedral vacancies in gageite and balangeroite.


As an organized screening program, the national Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program (BCCEDP) was launched in the early 1990s to improve breast cancer outcomes among underserved women. To analyze the impact of the BCCEDP on breast cancer outcomes in Ohio, this study compared cancer stages and mortality across BCCEDP participants, Medicaid beneficiaries, and "all others."


Sigma-Delta Analog-to-Digital-Converters (SigmaDelta-ADCs) are widely used in motor drives where high signal integrity and galvanic isolation are required. While the SigmaDelta-technology itself is well understood, all too often the converters are used in ways that fail to unlock the full potential of the technology. This paper looks at SigmaDelta-ADCs from an application point of view and discusses how to get the best performance in a motor drive.


Over the last few decades there has been a steady growth of international exchanges in optical production capacity. Differences in national standards for drawings of optical elements have made these exchanges difficult and expensive. Information contained in such drawings, particularly that relating to tolerances, must be translated and converted to the relevant national standard, in order to make it comprehensible at workshop level. Such translation and conversion is often expensive. Clearly, an international standard would help to save time and money.


Emergence of adult Curculio caryae (Horn) from the soil apparently is unaffected by pecan variety. Hardness of the pecan shell and the gelatinous condition of the ovule appear to have an effect on initiation of oviposition. Larval emergence from infested pecans also varied consistent with the onset of oviposition and the phenology of the pecan. These findings indicate that a pecan weevil pest management program can be developed to concentrate on preventing oviposition as a management strategy.


6. Abstract The resonant cavity of the modified Lewis Research Center cyclotron is analyzed. The results include the variation of resonant frequency with tuning panel position, an estimatt of the skin resistance losses, the distribution of voltage along the length of the dee elec-trode, and a lumped-impedance equivalent circuit. Dee-to-dee coupling is analyzed for its influence on servotuning of the dees. A tuning function is presented which should make stable servotuning possible for any amount of dee-to-dee coupling. The performance of a shortened coupling line between the power amplifier and the dee stem is also analyzed. The resonant cavity of the modified Lewis Research Center cyclotron has been analyzed by means of a digital computer code. In this analysis, electrical properties of the resonant cavity were obtained from its physical dimensions. The results include the variation of resonant frequency with tuning panel position, an estimate of the skin resistance losses, the distribution of voltage along the length of the dee electrode, and a lumped- impedance equivalent circuit. tuning of the dees. A tuning function is presented which should make stable servotuning possible for any amount of dee-to-dee coupling. the dee stems with a short transmission line.


The invention discloses a preparation method of agomelatine crystal type I which is an antidepressant drug. The preparation of the agomelatine crystal type I comprises the following steps: dissolving the agomelatine in at least a hydrophilic organic solvent; dropping in at least a hydrophilic organic solvent, at least a non-water-solubility solvent and an ice-water mixed system along with stirring; adding at least a low-polarity organic solvent after dropping, and separating crystals. The agomelatine crystal type I prepared with the method has the advantages of being good in quality and reproducibility, and applicable to large-scale industrial production.


In this article we defined the operation of a set and proved Bessel's inequality. In the first section, we defined the sum of all results of an operation, in which the results are given by taking each element of a set. In the second section, we defined Orthogonal Family and Orthonormal Family. In the last section, we proved some properties of operation of set and Bessel's inequality. provide the notation and terminology for this paper. For simplicity, we adopt the following convention: X denotes a real unitary space, x, y, y 1 , y 2 denote points of X, i, j denote natural numbers, D 1 denotes a non empty set, and p 1 , p 2 denote finite sequences of elements of D 1. One can prove the following proposition (1) Suppose p 1 is one-to-one and p 2 is one-to-one and rng p 1 = rng p 2. Then dom p 1 = dom p 2 and there exists a permutation P of dom p 1 such that p 2 = p 1 · P and dom P = dom p 1 and rng P = dom p 1. Let D 1 be a non empty set and let f be a binary operation on D 1. Let us assume that f is commutative and associative and has a unity. Let Y be a finite subset of D 1. The functor f ⊕ Y yields an element of D 1 and is defined as follows: (Def. 1) There exists a finite sequence p of elements of D 1 such that p is one-to-one and rng p = Y and f ⊕Y = f p. Let us consider X and let Y be a finite subset of X. The functor SetopSum(Y, X) is defined by: Let D 2 , D 1 be non empty sets, let F be a function from D 1 into D 2 , and let p be a finite sequence of elements of D 1. The functor FuncSeq(F, p) yields a finite sequence of elements of D 2 and is defined by: 1 c Association of Mizar Users


The increasing demand for clean and energyefficient chemical processes requires the catalysts of tomorrow to deliver greater activity and selectivity at lower temperatures. Alloys have proven superior to single metal catalysts in this respect for many applications. Alloy catalysts can offer greater reaction-specific catalyst tunability, lower cost, and higher performance than their monometallic counterparts. 1-5 Au-Pd catalysts have been of particular interest not only because of the wide range of reactions in which they can be used but also because of their relative simplicity. 6 Au and Pd are soluble at all compositions, so that the effects of different phases need not be considered. 7,8


Coronal Mass Ejections are typically reached on Earth from one to five days after the eruption from the Sun. During their propagation, CMEs interact with the solar wind and the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF). As a consequence, slow CMEs are accelerated toward the speed of solar wind and fast CMEs are decelerated toward the speed of the solar wind. We have studied geomagnetic storms (DST ≤ - 80nT) observed during solar cycle 23 with halo and partial halo coronal mass ejections and average interplanetary magnetic field. We have found that 72.00 % CMEs (halo and partial halo coronal mass ejections) are associated with geomagnetic storms. The association rate of halo and partial halo coronal mass ejections are found 68.06% and 31.94 % with geomagnetic storms respectively. We have also determined positive co-relation between magnitude of geomagnetic storms and speed of coronal mass ejection with correlation co-efficient 0.20. From the study of geomagnetic storms with average IMF, we have found positive correlation between magnitude of geomagnetic storms and maximum jump in interplanetary magnetic field with correlation coefficient 0.64.


Thank you very much for downloading the tao of physics an exploration of the parallels between modern physics and eastern mysticism. As you may know, people have look hundreds times for their chosen novels like this the tao of physics an exploration of the parallels between modern physics and eastern mysticism, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they cope with some infectious virus inside their desktop computer.


Certification of medical equipment requires thorough testing. Prior to final testing of equipment (such as monitoring equipment) on a human volunteer, it is necessary to test equipment via emulation. This paper presents a bio-simulator that generates electrocardiogram (ECG) and electromyogram (EMG) signals by breaking a signal up into pulses and integrating these pulses, and electroencephalogram (EEG) signals by waveform shaping. The other set of signals generated are sinusoidal, square and triangular signals used in the calibration of medical equipment. As low frequency signals are needed for bio-medical applications, the paper also details how this was achieved (using capacitor multipliers). A complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) 0.35 mum process (Austria Microsystems (XMS)) is used for the implementation


Understanding the Fe isotope behaviors during magmatic processes is crucial in using this new isotopic tool to constrain petrogenesis of igneous rocks and related ore deposits. Some studies have been carried out on maficultramafic accumulated rock bodies (Wang et al., 2012; Chen et al., 2014; Liu et al., 2014). Massif-type anorthosite is a significant kind of magmatic rock, and always associated with iron deposit. However there is no Fe isotopic study on this kind of igneous rocks has been repored so far. Damiao complex is a massif-type anorthosite complex in the northern North China Craton. It formed at about 1.7 Ga (Zhao et al., 2004; Zhao et al., 2009), under extensional setting. Similar to other typical massif-type anorthosite complexs in the world, there are anorthosite, norite, gabbro, mangerite, and rich mineral resources like vanadium titanomagnetite ore and phosphorus iron ore. Cumulatic texture can be seen in silicate minerals. Previous researchers linked it with AMCG magmatic association (Xie, 2005).


The notion of saving has undergone a series of interpretations both economic and psychological and sociological. However these notions on contemporary concepts derive from the argument that marks the whole Keynesian literature. In his view J.M. There is several motives Keynes's preference for liquidity and are known as: • mobile transactions, including: • mobile income; • mobile business; • precautionary motive; • mobile speculation.


The Muniments of the Dean and Chapter of Lincoln. By Dorothy M. Williamson. (Lincoln Minster Pamphlets, 8). Pp. 40. Lincoln: Friends of Lincoln Cathedral, 1956. 4s. 6d. The cathedral chapter of Lincoln has been fortunate in the official and voluntary custodians of its magnificent records from Hamo the chancellor (1150), who kept in a cupboard along with the theological MSS. a book containing the charters of the Church, to the late canon Foster and his successors. In the first part of her pamphlet Miss Williamson gives a fascinating account of the methods of previous custodians of the muniments, now in her charge. The immediate legal and administrative value of the documents made the medieval chapter more efficient and conscientious guardians than their postReformation successors, with certain notable exceptions such as dean Honywood. His interest, however, was partly due to the need of recovering property and rights lost in the Civil War. The bulk of the records even survived the destructive activities of the pigeons kept in the treasury by an early seventeenthcentury priest-vicar, but their state in 1874 is vividly described by the Rev. J. F. Wickenden, who began the work later continued by canon Foster, by examining, cleaning, repairing and classifying some 5,000 documents. 'I shall never forget the sight of the place, deal boxes, shelves, pigeon holes, crammed with bundles of papers black with age, shrivelled parchments, deeds with huge beeswax seals attached, the whole thing incredibly filthy and neglected.' The chapter had, however, already become aware of its responsibilities and the records had for some time attracted the interest of antiquarians. It was the appearance of Bradshaw and Wordsworth's Statutes of Lincoln Cathedral (1892-7) and the work of canon Foster in the foundation of the Lincoln Record Society in 1910, the edition of the Registrum Antiquissimum, completed after his death by Miss Major, and his warm welcome to readers, which made Lincoln a happy hunting ground for historians.


From the Publisher:
The official strategy guide to Drakan contains detailed walkthroughs of the 10 multi-mission levels and four uniquely different fantasy worlds. The guide features Item and Spell tables, comprehensive combat tactics, maps to guide you to your destiny, and much more.


In today's world, the increasing advancement and digitalization with internet usage and its latest technologies have made almost everything available on the online platform. In almost all the applications, merchants and users must sign up or log in with username and password. Sometimes users save the login details to avoid delays in different applications, which in turn creates major security vulnerabilities for users, merchants, and applications as well. This study analyzes the technology-based implementation of blockchain in business authentication. This study concerns on the improvement of business, especially in authentication using blockchain technology. The analysis has been related to blockchain technology, business authentication, business security, and auditing using blockchain. Furthermore, the discussion has been carried out for various commercial uses of blockchain technology and for achieving security and quality standards. This analysis helps to provide a more secure platform and authentication solutions.


A method of forming the functional layer is porous, the method for forming the supporting layer is porous functional functional material on the porous material, wherein the plurality of functional coating materials of different surface tension on the porous layer solution or dispersion, using a difference in surface tension controlling functional material is impregnated in the depth direction of the porous layer. The present invention further provides a method for a method for manufacturing a fuel cell reaction layer is formed, and is equipped with the electronic equipment and cars obtained by the method for producing a fuel cell as a power supply. According to the present invention, a method of forming a functional porous layer on a porous supporting material and the functional material is present in an amount of functional material having a desired concentration in the depth direction distribution efficiently formed.


Purpose – Corporations with multiple national and international sites rely on telecommunication services such as public switched telephone network (PSTN) to deal with their customers and with vendors. Over the last few years, the cost of using PSTN for telecommunication has increased, thus adding considerable cost to business. The infrastructure of the internet is well placed now, and the continued growth of information technologies have made it cost effective to route voice calls over the internet, known as voice over internet protocol (VoIP). The purpose of this paper is to advance research, strategies and a predictive decision model that analyzes the cost of routing voice‐based traffic either via VoIP network or PSTN. This predictive decision model is based on the beta‐binomial distribution, and it computes the cost differential in tariff with respect to choice of routing the voice traffic between the VoIP network and the PSTN.Design/methodology/approach – A call supported by the PSTN involves the esta...


This paper represents generation of time-varying underwater acoustic channels by performing
scattering simulation with time-varying ocean surface and Kirchhoff approximation. In order to estimate the
time-varying ocean surface, 1D Pierson-Moskowitz ocean power spectrum and Gaussian correlation function
were used. The computed scattering coefficients are applied to the amplitudes of each impulse of BELLHOP
simulation result. The scattering coefficients are then compared with measured doppler spectral density of signal
components which were scattered from ocean surface and the correlation time used in the Gaussian correlation
function was estimated by the comparison. Finally, bit-error-rate and channel correlation simulations were
performed with the generated time-varying channel based on passive time-reversal communication scenario.


In the process inherent ultimate safety (PIUS) reactor, the primary system is via thermal barriers in direct contact with a large pool of cold, highly borated water. In severe transients that would normally entail a risk of core damage, this borated water enters the primary system and shuts down the reactor, or reduces its power to a safe level and ensures cooling. The distribution of this inflowing borated water in the primary system is important for the transient behavior of the reactor. An example of such a transport phenomenon encountered in a PIUS reactor is an uncollected boron dilution transient, corresponding to inadvertent control rod withdrawal in a present-day pressurized water reactor. In this transient, a non-uniform boron distribution occurs in the primary system, and it is important to predict the boron distribution correctly in the primary system during the entire transient. A test loop of PIUS at ABB Atom's engineering laboratories was used to investigate large-scale boron transport phenomena. The test loop was used for comparing the standard solution methods in the RIGEL code with the improved model for tracking boron and entalphy front propagation. The test cases have demonstrated and verified the ability of the RIGEL code tomore » predict boron transport phenomena with sufficient accuracy, using the improved transport delay model.« less


Recent technological advances in autonomous submersible (in situ) chemical analyzers have made the real-time determination and reporting of multiple nutrient concentrations possible. Through the use of continuous flow injection analysis, SubChem Systems, Inc's Autonomous Profiling Nutrient Analyzer (APNA) is capable of sustained, autonomous deployment aboard coastal moorings, vertical profiling moorings, and other sampling platforms — enabling the determination of coastal nutrient concentrations, spatial distributions, and temporal variability. A series of technological hurdles have been addressed to accomplish this: (1) a more compact size, (2) reduced reagent and power consumption, (3) enhanced biofouling suppression, and (4) ease of use by non-chemists. Advances in micro-fluidics enable a reduction in sample volumes leading, therefore, to a reduction in reagent and power consumption. This, ultimately, extends the duration of remote field deployments. The suppression of bio-fouling, the simplification of wet chemical techniques for easier user operation, and the automation of data analysis into engineering units have also been addressed. Currently, the performance of the APNA analyzer is being rigorously tested at a variety of highly dynamic field sites that have strong vertical, horizontal, and temporal nutrient gradients as well as substantial biofouling burden caused by episodic phytoplankton blooms. Through extended and ongoing deployments in Narragansett Bay on the URI-GSO Pier, automated data collection, analysis, and quality control routines have been designed and implemented to assess the data integrity, verify in situ calibration parameters, and create near real-time plots which can be posted and made accessible via the internet. With funding from the ONR DRI "Layered Organization in the Coastal Ocean (LOCO)", the APNA was deployed — in a vertical profiling capacity — in Monterey Bay during the summer of 2005 and 2006. In 2005, a time series of high-resolution vertical nutrient profiles were obtained during the deployment of the APNA on a shipboard high resolution vertical profiling package. In 2006, a time series of high-resolution vertical nutrient profiles were obtained during the deployment of the APNA on an autonomous vertical profiler. The profiler was programmed to power the APNA so it would continuously acquire nutrient concentration data while the profiler ascended through the water column. The real-time analytical results indicated that the nutrient gradients were highly correlated with gradients in chlorophyll, salinity, and temperature. The primary objective for the development of the APNA is to provide accurate, real-time nutrient distributions aboard a variety of ocean observing platforms in order to fulfill the needs of water quality managers as well as the océanographie community. This is accomplished by using cutting edge technology combined with accepted standard analysis methods and rigorous QA/QC procedures. Long-term deployments in challenging coastal environments allow us to identify, scrutinize, and overcome the real-world obstacles encountered by in situ nutrient observing systems.


Increasing power system resilience at the distribution level is crucial due to the negative social impact of blackouts, as the undesired consequences get worse the longer the system restoration takes. Statistical records demonstrate that system recovery times after high-impact, low-probability events (e.g., earthquakes, tsunamis, and floods) are often faster for generation and transmission segments than for the distribution system. During the 2010 Chilean earthquake (8.8 Mw on the Richter scale), for example, the distribution system in the most affected area (almost 1.1 million customers) was not totally back in service until two weeks after the first major seismic event. In contrast, the transmission system rapidly recovered, with most of the bulk system buses re-energized by the end of the first day and the remainder during the second day. Additional installed generation capacity and repairing minor damage to most of the affected generation plants allowed for the recovery of most of the supply within a few days. Only 6.1% of the installed generation capacity required major repairs (which took up to six months to complete).


The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for controlling an internal combustion engine particularly of a motor vehicle, the internal combustion engine comprises components which are each operated in a mode of a mode coordinator (100) is determined, and wherein it is especially provided that the mode coordinator (100) determining said at least one mode of operation on the basis of other operating aspects of the components (310, 320) meets.


The main focus of this empirical research is to gauge "the impact of employee motivation on customer satisfaction. This study was carried out at some higher institutions in the city of Buea, South West Region of Cameroon, and examined the role employee motivation has to play in the success or failure of most private higher institutions in the city of Buea. Furthermore, the research investigated the relationship between employee motivation and student satisfaction in one part, but also as motivation components needed by higher learning institutions management to achieve student satisfaction and how the motivation of the institution personnel, namely administration staff and lecturers can affects the students. The population of the research was three private higher institutions in Buea; Higher Institute of Management Studies (HIMS), Catholic University Institute of Buea (CUIB) and Saint Monica University (SMU). The sample of the study was fifty-eight (58) respondents from the above three institutions who answered the questionnaires. Secondary data related to the literature on employee motivation, customer satisfaction, and higher learning institutions were used to support the content of the research. The study revealed that, employee motivation has an impact on student satisfaction thus some of the recommendations highlighted the need to motivate employees.


The combination of increased power dissipation and increased packaging density has led to substantial increases in chip and module heat flux in high-end computers. The challenge is to limit the rise in chip temperature above the ambient. In the past, virtually all commercial computers were designed to operate at temperatures above the ambient. However, researchers have identified the advantages of operating electronics at low temperatures. Until recently, large-scale scientific computers used direct immersion cooling of single-chip modules. The current research focuses on mainframes (computer system), which uses a conventional refrigeration system to maintain chip temperatures below that of comparable air-cooled systems, but well above cryogenic temperatures. Multivariable control of compressor speed along with thermostatic expansion valve (TXV) opening can give better stability and performance. TXV is a mechanical controlling device used in the refrigeration system. The compressor is the only mechanical-working component in the refrigeration cycle that circulates refrigerant through the system continuously. Hence, controlling the compressor is an important aspect. The control objective is defined as improving the transient behavior of the vapor compression cycle for the refrigeration system operating around an evaporator set-point temperature. The system behavior is studied in two cases, TXV being the only control element in the first case, while TXV and a compressor both act as control elements in the other case. @DOI: 10.1115/1.1827272#


The antimicrobial of limonoid effect of the substance against food spoilage and food-borne pathogens was tested.The results showed that the substance could effectively,inhibit the growth of bacteria and epiphyte.The pH range of inhibiting bacteria is acidity and heat stability was good.Moreover,its antioxidant capability was infirmness.


ABSTRACT: Congenital smooth‐muscle hamartomas are rare, benign tumors of the skin, since their original description in 1969, 16 case reports have appeared in the literature, with 7 cases reported within the last year. We describe the 17th patient with this lesion and have included a review of the literature. In addition, we describe three morphologic types of smooth muscle cells–the pale cells, dark cells, and intermediate cells–found on electron microscopy, and the features that support our belief that these may reflect different stages of maturity of the smooth‐muscle cells. In addition to the smooth muscle, bundles of nerve fibers (both unmyelinated and myelinated) appear to be an intrinsic part of the lesion, as are the prominent vellus hairs. Congenital smooth muscle hamartoma thus appears to be an organoid nevus.


Most studies of diversity changes along elevational gradients show a synchronous change in taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity, such that all decline with elevation or show a mid‐elevation peak. However, some studies show asynchronous changes, which challenge us to explain their assembly. Here we used functional trait variation and niche spacing to test the roles of environmental filtering and competition‐driven niche separation in assembly and biodiversity patterns across an elevational gradient.


Objectives: The goal of the study is to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography in the diagnosis of urinary bladder mass. Methodology; This cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of Radiology & Imaging and department of Urology of Shear-E-Bangla Medical Collage & Hospital(SBMCH), Barisal and LAB AID limited(diagnostic), Barisal during the period from July 2017 to march 2018, enrolling 50 patients of 25 to 75 years of age range who are referred by Urology department of SBMCH, Barisal & LAB AID limited(diagnostic), Barisal , as clinically suspected cases of urinary bladder mass for CT scan of whole abdomen, during the period of July 2017 to march 2018. Result: In this study, mean age was 57.84 ± 14.67 'mean ± SD) years. Highest incidence of bladder mass, 42.09% was found in above 59 years age group. It was observed that 38 were male (76%) and 12 were female (24%). The most common symptom associated with bladder mass was haematuria which was observed in all study subjects (100%). Among 50 cases, 47 (94%) masses were neoplastic and rest 3 (6%) was inflammatory as diagnosed by CT scan. Among the 47 neoplastic masses, 43 were malignant and 4 were benign lesion. Commonest CT scan diagnosis was transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) (75.84%). Squamous cell carcinoma prevailed in 6.69%, Adenocarcinoma in 6.69% and Leiomyoma and chronic cystitis were 5.39% and 5.39% respectively. Considering histopatliological diagnosis as gold standard test sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of CT scan in diagnosis of malignant bladder mass were 95.50%, 83.30%, 98.47%, 62.6% and 93.98% respectively. Conclusion: In most of the cases. Computed Tomography findings of the present study correlated well with histopathological findings. It can therefore be concluded that, Computed Tomography is a useful modality in the diagnosis of different type of urinary bladder masses.


Abstract. The dominant modes of climate variability on interannual timescales in the tropical Indian Ocean are the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian Ocean Dipole. El Nino events have occurred more frequently during recent decades and it has been suggested that an asymmetric ENSO teleconnection (warming during El Nino events is stronger than cooling during La Nina events) caused the pronounced warming of the western Indian Ocean. In this study, we test this hypothesis using coral Sr / Ca records from the central Indian Ocean (Chagos Archipelago) to reconstruct past sea surface temperatures (SST) in time windows from the Maunder Minimum to the present. Three sub-fossil massive Porites corals were dated to the 17–18th century (one sample) and 19–20th century (two samples), and were compared with a published, modern coral Sr / Ca record from the same site. All corals were sub-sampled at a monthly resolution for Sr / Ca measurements, which were measured using a simultaneous ICP-OES. All four coral records show typical ENSO periodicities, suggesting that the ENSO-SST teleconnection in the central Indian Ocean was stationary since the 17th century. To determine the symmetry of ENSO events, we compiled composite records of positive and negative ENSO-driven SST anomaly events. We find similar magnitudes of warm and cold anomalies indicating a symmetric ENSO response in the tropical Indian Ocean. This suggests that ENSO is not the main driver of central Indian Ocean warming.


The role and presence of guidance and counseling teachers in addressing low achievement in school is very important. It can be seen from the results of interviews and research conducted at SMA Negeri 1 Angkola Timur, with the title of Master of Guidance and Counseling efforts in dealing with the low learning achievement. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of the problems experienced by students related to student achievement. In addition, this study also aims to how the role of guidance and counseling teachers in dealing with low student achievement. The population in this study were all students of SMAN 1 Angkola Timur and X-XII classes totaling 137 students. While the number of samples used as objects of this research are as many as four students as representatives of the population and plus 1 teacher guidance and counseling. The method used by the researchers in conducting this study is a qualitative method. To conclude the data and information on the problems studied, the researchers use interviewing techniques, documentation study and observation of spaciousness. Data and information obtained were developed and analyzed to determine the results and concluded. From these results it can be concluded that the guidance and counseling teacher has a very strong role in addressing the low learning achievement in SMAN 1 Angkola Timur. Therefore the guidance and counseling teacher is also required to be able to create a variety of appropriate measures to tackle and deal with the issue


There is provided an information processing apparatus including a music storage portion to store music data, a music playback portion to play back music data, a metadata acquisition portion to acquire metadata describing information about the music data being played back in the music playback portion, a metadata transmission portion to transmit the metadata acquired in the metadata acquisition portion to the distribution server, a music reception portion to receive music data selected in the distribution server based on the information contained in the metadata and distributed from the distribution server, a music acquisition portion to acquire the music data from the music storage portion based on the information contained in the metadata, and a control portion to control the music playback portion to play back the music data distributed from the distribution server and the music data acquired from the music storage portion by the music acquisition portion.


Aminophosphonic and related compounds were almost unknown 50 years ago, but today the literature data have considerably increased. Their negligible mammalian toxicity and their similarity with aminoacids confer on these compounds a top place as potential candidates for drugs. The discovery of numerous natural aminophosphonic derivatives endowed with biological properties useful to both medicinal and agricultural fields enhanced the infatuation for synthetic analogs and homologs. Intensive work has been performed towards alpha-aminophosphonic compounds, the direct analogs of natural alpha-aminoacids, disclosing versatile strategies, compatible both with molecular diversity and asymmetric synthesis. Less synthetic effort was devoted to the synthesis of higher homologs. Recent developments of the Diels-Alder reaction offer an asymmetric and convergent entry to various six-membered highly functionalizable key intermediates, compatible with molecular variety. As it is, the Diels-Alder (D-A) reaction should provide an original and versatile entry to beta-, gamma- and delta-aminophosphonic compounds, a challenging research area. As a direct consequence of the strategy, one of the two D-A partners (diene or dienophile) will act as vehicle for the phosphonate moiety. By contrast to its common use for the stabilization of alpha-negative charges, its implication in D-A reactions remains scarce. Indeed, the phosphonate moiety is not an efficient substituent susceptible to activate the D-A reaction; its use requires compensation by the activation of the other partner or by specific activation. Both synthetic organic and computational chemistry will furnish information to propose a fine understanding of the key D-A steps, in view to optimize the achievement of the corresponding cycloadducts. These cycloadducts will be considered as synth-/chirons for the synthesis of aminophosphonic compounds.


Normal breast cell phenotype, as well as estrogen receptor (ER), based on a variety of expression of androgen receptor (AR) and vitamin D receptor (VDR), a new classification system for breast cancer. Various categories of the classification system, associated with different survival and prognosis. The present invention includes a method of classifying breast, this method classifies ER in cancerous tissue, and measuring the levels of the AR and VDR, breast cancer according to the expression level in one of the above categories made and a step. The present invention is, depending on the breast is classified category includes a method for determining the treatment regimen for the methods and breast cancer to predict the patient's prognosis of breast cancer. The present invention includes ER were detected in cancerous tissue, the method of treating breast cancer in accordance with the expression profile of the AR and VDR. Kit for detecting the expression profile is also provided.


1. Weanling pigs were fed under three dietary regimens, control, low protein and total calorie restricted. 2. In the protein-deficient group the amino acid ratio did not start to become elevated until growth was impaired and total serum protein and albumin concentration began to fall. 3. In the protein-deficient group, but not in the control or undernourished animals, the magnitude of the ratio was statistically correlated with the rate of growth, appetite, serum protein and albumin concentration and hydroxyproline excretion. 4. The results provide information on the relationship between the serum amino acid ratio and nutritional status.


This study uses the critical incident technique to collect and analyze incidents of service failure and success involving a logistics sharing service in which the service providers are individuals. The authors also explore the key factors that affect customer satisfaction, along with the official and ideal recovery strategies. Data is based on interviews with 35 business users in Taiwan in 2017. A card sorting exercise is employed to classify the collected incidents and strategies into categories. The results show that the determinants of success and failure in logistics sharing services include drivers, platform operation, the matching system, and communication. Compensation is the most effective recovery strategy, whereas doing nothing is the least effective. Suggestions based on our results can help managers of the sharing economy to avoid or recover from failures and attain success.


Soil respiration was measured by closed chamber and gradient methods in soils under forest, sown meadow and crops. Annual total soil respiration determined with the closed chamber method ranged from 180 to 642 g CO2-C m -2 year -1 and from 145 to 382 g CO2-C m -2 year -1 determined with the CO2 pro- file method. Soil respiration increased in the order: cro- pland~sown meadow~forest. The C balance calcu- lated as the difference between net primary production (sink) and respiration of heterotrophs (source) sug- gested an equilibrium between the input and output of C in the cropland, and sequestration of 135 and 387 g CO2-C m -2 year -1 in the forest and meadow, respec- tively.


Goffman, in particular, should win over even the most social-science-phobic classicist), and builds on its insights for, first, an analysis of gender, age, and status as expressed in gesture, posture, facial expression, tone ('vocalics'), and the symbolic use of space ('proxemics') in the Odyssey (Part 2), and secondly a study of how the poet characterizes Telemachus, Odysseus, the suitors, and Penelope through their non-verbal behaviour (Part 3, neatly summed up in the claim that 'the successful poet ... evokes a whole person from a purr, a human from a humm, a noble from a nod', 168). Despite the doubters who appear to have haunted our author with the phrase 'So what?' (xiv, 281), his approach to Homer is not only original but potentially most enlightening. It must be said, however, that the idea is better than its execution. A serious problem is L.'s carelessness in reconstructing Homeric body language. For example, he draws a distinction between 'clinging to another's arm' (57) and 'passionate hand-clasping' (32 n. 5) without acknowledging that, for Homer, this is one and the same gesture, described by a single phrase (E<t>i>v fcv yjsxpi), 'clung to the hand'). In the same way he distinguishes 'grins' and a range of 'smiles' at will (89), when there is but one Homeric word for them. Elsewhere, L. fails to make distinctions which one would have thought were significant. He does not, say, differentiate between the types of kisses listed above; again, he is content to gloss the formula 'they greeted with their hands' with a non-committal '[wave, embrace, or handshake?]' (69) and to describe the meaning of 8etKav6co as 'mysterious' (140). As it happens, both the mysterious verb and greeting surely refer to a gesture of salutation with outstretched arm and palm, but the more general point is that, in a study such as this, it is essential to try, at least, to determine exactly what gestures are made, postures adopted, and notes sounded, before one can begin to uncover their meaning. L., however, sees such virtue in vagueness that he chose Sardonic Smile as his title 'precisely because I cannot explain Homer's unique sardonic smile to my own satisfaction' (194). A lack of rigour is evident also in the decoding of the messages sent by 'body chatter' (85). Drawing on Goffman's observation that in modern advertising imagery women are often shown clinging to the arms of men as an expression of their subordinate status, L. asserts that the same is true in Homer. Yet he offers the opposite explanation for Hephaistos' 'clinging to the arm' of Thetis, which supposedly 'conveys his hierarchical superiority in the divine pecking order' (57 n. 48), and a different explanation again for the same gesture (now translated as 'clasping the hand') made by the sons of Dolios towards their master, which, it is suggested, reflects their youth and lack of prior acquaintance with him (140 n. 2). Or take the wrist-grip, interpreted as a symbol of 'familial and gendered authority' (261): when Achilles uses it on Priam neither family nor gender are at issue, and we are explicitly told that the gesture is supposed to reassure, not intimidate, the old man (//. 24.671-2). True, 'one gesture can have different ... meanings depending on who does it to whom' (57), but that does not warrant total freedom of interpretation. The project is very ambitiously conceived, since it aims to cover all forms of behaviour other than speech. The rule that only symbolically significant, not purely 'instrumental', actions are to be discussed (3) competes with the rule that 'we can never ... not communicate nonverbally' (19), and loses. Not even the Cyclops' closing of the entrance to his cave is merely instrumental, but an effort to 'create a feeling of spatial helplessness, lack of mobility and turf-control' (120). Almost everything is thus grist to L.'s mill, and in the final chapter nonverbal communication more narrowly defined seems barely a concern any longer. The resulting lack of focus is compounded by the insertion of two previously published papers (Chs. 7 and 10), each of which goes through much introductory matter as if we have not heard it before, and by a general disinclination to crossreference, which leads to heavy repetition of favourite points and phrases. The near-formulaic quality of the latter is used to poignant effect when the observation in the preface, that 'teenagers represent a seriously disadvantaged group, as my fifteen-year old son Ulysses often reminds me' (x n. 5), is amplified halfway through the book: 'a permanently mocked and seriously disadvantaged group, as my sixteen-year old son, Ulysses, often reminds me' (166). A year has passed, and things have only got worse ...


Aiming at the phenomenon of mismatch between heat supply and customer demand at heating station, an optimal control model for the primary side of heating station based on double-delay depth deterministic policy gradient (TD3) is proposed. The heat load forecasting model and heat supply model are established by using temporal convolutional network (TCN) and long short-term memory network (LSTM) and combined with TD3 model to realize the optimal solution of water supply flow on the primary side. Using historical data from a heating station in Baotou to verify the model, the results show that the TD3-based primary-side optimal control model of the heating station basically satisfies the on-demand heat supply and improves the heat utilization rate.


The results of the three-year study (2008–2010) to determine the dynamics of the formation of photosynthetic pigments in plants of durum spring wheat varieties Kharkiv 41, depending on the different ways of planting and seeding rate are given in the article. A significant effect of the studied elements of the technology on the content of chlorophyll and carotenoids in the leaves of plants was found. The content of photosynthetic pigments was changed to a large extent at the impact factor of the seeding rate. The general regularity was to reduce the content of chlorophyll and carotenoids in the leaves of plants at effective seeding rate and optimization of the distribution of plants over the area of nutrition. The studies identified a direct correlation between the content of pigments and grain productivity of the ear of the main shoot of the plant.


"- ,J= i ,...JComparison of Three Methods for Materials Identification and Mappingwith Imaging SpectroscopyRoger N. Clark I Gregg Swayze I' 3and Fred Kruse 2' 3Joe Boardman 2,IU.S. Geological SurveyMS 964 Box 25046 Federal Ctn., Denver, CO 802252Center for the Study of Earth from Space (CSES)Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES)University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-04493Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado,Boulder 80309We are comparing three methods of mapping analysis tools for imag-ing spectroscopy data. The purpose of this comparison is to understandthe advantages and disadvantages of each algorithm so others would bebetter able to choose the best algorithm or combinations of algorithmsfor a particular problem. The 3 algorithms are:I) The spectral feature modified least squares mapping algorithm ofClark et al (1990, 1991): programs mbandmap and tricorder"2) The Spectral Angle Mapper Algorithm (Boardman, 1993) found in theCU CSES SIPS package_3) The Expert System of Kruse et al. (1993 and references therein).The comparison uses a ground-calibrated 1990 AVIRIS scene of 400 by410 pixels over Cuprite, Nevada. Along with the test data set is aspectral library of 38 minerals. Each algorithm is tested with the sameAVIRIS data set and spectral library. The minerals tested are shown inTable I. Field work has confirmed the presence of many of theseminerals in the AVIRIS scene (Swayze et al. 1992).The spectral feature modified least squares mapping algorithmremoves a continuum from spectral features in reference library spectraas well as from each spectrum in an imaging spectrometer data set. Thecontinuum-removed spectra are compared to the continuum-removed refer-ence spectra and a modified least squares fit is performed. The corre-lation coefficients from the fits are compared and the best fittingmaterial for that spectral feature (or group of features is selected).The algorithm has an advantage in that the complete shape of a particu-lar absorption band is tested. This tends to reduce the noise sensi-tivity. It is also insensitive to topographic effects or to errors inthe derived reflectance level. The algorithm can also be used as a gen-eral shape algorithm (for example, an entire spectrum could be tested31


Since 2008 Spring Festival,the home industry has blown the agitation of chinese style.This paper cuts into from the chinese style's connotation and the characteristic,analyzes chinese style's reestablishment cause on the home design,discusses how to integrate chinese feelings into modern life,spurn the stack of pure elements and realize the godlike artistry through professional angle together with actual cases.


This work considers socially acceptable behaviors in traditional reactive navigation systems, allowing a robot to approach a group of humans in a socially acceptable manner by considering the personal space and the group space. In contrast to the fixed parameters of social distancing, this work presents an adaptive model; that is, the parameters of the personal and group space's cost functions adapt according to the arrangement of the group and space constraints, avoiding the choice of initial parameters. A socially aware navigation system capable of approaching groups is implemented for a general-purpose mobile robot. The adaptive personal and group space algorithm is integrated with the standard navigation system of ROS, representing their information in a costmap layer. The adaptation of spaces is tested using fixed and adaptive parameters for different groups provided by three datasets. The navigation system is evaluated through simulation experiments, demonstrating that the robot is capable of approaching groups and, at the same time, provides a more realistic space modeling adapted to the context.


Correspondence to Jae Beom Lee, M.D. Department of Internal Medicine, Sam Anyang Hospital, 9 Samdeok-ro, Manan-gu, Anyang 14030, Korea Tel: +82-31-467-9106, Fax: +82-31-467-9198, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Copyrightc 2018 The Korean Association of Internal Medicine This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 개회충증에 의한 호산구성 심근염 1예


The enormous potential of complex data files generated by 10‐color flow cytometry (FC) is hindered by the requirement for exhaustive manual gating and the complexity of multidimensional data visualization. We propose a model using radar plots (RPs), to improve FC data visualization by capturing multidimensionality and integration of FC findings.


By a molecular dynamics simulation of 4 x 104 steps we study the long-time behaviour of the autocorrelation functions of a bidimensional system of 1 600 diatomic molecules at intermediate density. The predicted 1/t behaviour for the velocity autocorrelation is observed. A surprising 1/t3 behaviour is observed for the angular velocity autocorrelation.


Introduction A Distinctive Voice for Health Promotion Health and Health Promotion Health and Its Determinants Issues of Assessment Determinants of Health Actions A Systematic Approach to Health Promotion Planning Information Needs Health Public Policy Education for Health The Conditions of Learning Mass Communication and Community Action Settings and Methods Evaluation


The invention relates to the chemical technology of inorganic sulfite salts, in particular, to a process for the preparation of sodium pyrosulfite. The invention simplifies the process. The method is carried out by treating with sulfur dioxide with a sulfur dioxide content of 9-11% by volume of moistened soda ash at 30-40 ° C in an acute pair. The moisture content of soda ash is 23-26 wt.%. The duration of the process is 35-55 minutes. You get a product with a content of N32820592,5-92,75%.


In effective learning in a class, it requires a variety of media that makes it easier for students to absorb the learning conveyed by the teacher. Therefore the teacher is required to be able to convey the material correctly and correctly. From there the researchers wanted to conduct a research with the formulation of the problem of how the use of audio visual media in the ability of students to practice reading and prayer movements in the study of jurisprudence. The subjects in this study were fifth grade students with a total of 30 children consisting of 18 female students and 12 male students. The results of the analysis conducted by researchers, students who get above the Minimum completeness Criteria (KKM) are 23 students, with a percentage of 76%, while students who get scores below as many as 7 students with a percentage of 24%. If we look at the data at each point, it can be concluded that many students only have enough mastery in terms of dhikr after praying after prayer. While those who reach the level of mastering well are the aspects of reading the Surah Al-Fatihah. The conclusion is that the ability to practice reading and prayer movements runs attractively and enthusiastically so that through audio-visual media can be improved by audio-visual media.


In this study, we tried to discuss to what extent f oreigners had freedom of religion and conscience in the Ottoman Empire. T he freedom of religion and conscience, defined as the individual freedom t o choose any religion or philosophy, the right to believe in any religion, t he practice of any religion, and the right to religious instruction was a privil ege in the theocratic Ottoman Empire. These freedoms had their power, bot h fr m some basic rules of the Islamic law and especially from the tr a ies with the privileged countries (capitulations). According to these treat ies, foreigners could practice and instruct their religion and pilgrimage on the condition that the public peace should not be disturbed. The exaggerat ion of these rights caused serious diplomatic crisis between the Ottoma n Empire and the European counties.


Tropical forest soils are a vital component of the global carbon (C) cycle and their response to environmental change will determine future atmospheric carbon dioxides (CO2). For example, increasing biomass productivity in tropical forests suggests a potential sink for C. However, its storage and stability are driven by factors acting from small to large scale. For tropical Africa, these factors are not well known and documented.  Predicting tropical soil C dynamics ultimately depends on our understanding and the ability to determine the primary environmental controls on soil organic carbon content and respiration.

Here, using samples collected along strong geochemical gradients in the East African Rift Valley, we demonstrate how soil chemistry and soil fertility, derived from the geochemical composition of soil parent material, can drive soil respiration even in deeply weathered soils.

To address the drivers of soil respiration, we incubated soils from three regions with contrasting geochemistry (mafic, felsic, and mixed sedimentary). For three soil depths, we measured the potential maximum heterotrophic respiration as well as the radiocarbon isotopic signature (Δ14C) of the bulk soil and respired CO2 under stable environmental conditions.

We found that soil microbial communities were able to mineralize C from fossil as well as other poor quality C sources under laboratory conditions representative of tropical topsoils. Despite similarities in terms of climate, vegetation, and the size of soil C stocks, soil respiration showed distinct patterns with soil depth and parent material geochemistry. Our study shows that soil fertility conditions are the main determinant of C stability in tropical forest soils. Further, in the presence of organic carbon sources of poor quality or the presence of strong mineral-related C stabilization, microorganisms tend to discriminate against these sources in favor of more accessible forms of soil organic matter as energy sources, resulting in a slower rate of C cycling.

Our results demonstrate that even in deeply weathered tropical soils, parent material has a long-lasting effect on soil chemistry that can influence and control microbial activity, the size of subsoil C stocks, and the turnover of C in soil. Soil parent material and its lasting control on soil chemistry need to be taken into account to understand and predict C stabilization and rates of C cycling in tropical forest soils.


Objective:To observe the curative effect of the TCM "Jia Ling Yin" on the type Yin deficiency ascites caused by hepatocirrhosis.Methods:Ninety cases of type Yin deficiency ascites were divided into two groups at random:the treatment group was 60 cases and the control group was 30 cases.The treatment group was treated with TCM "Jia Ling Yin" orally,while the control group was treated with the medicine according to the syndrome(emictory)and sustained with albumin and blood plasma or treated with the drugs to nourish the liver,such as "Reduced Glutathione for Injection".And a period of treatment lasted for three months.Before and after the treatment,the patient's abdominal perimeter,body weight,liver function,prothrombin activity,liver fibrosis indexes and colorful ultrasonic diagnosis B of the upper abdomen were observed.Results:There was a striking difference between the two groups on the symptom credits,ALT,PTA,HA,LN,PCⅢ,CⅣ(P0.01),TBil,Alb,abdominal perimenter,body weight and the pressure of hepatic portal(P0.05).However,there was no significant difference between the patients on the thickness of spleen(P0.05).Conclusion:TCM"Jia Ling Yin"can distinctively improve the patients' symptom,physical signs,portal venous pressure,liver function,prothrombin activity and serum liver fibrosis indexes.And the curative effect of the TCM"Jia Ling Yin" on the treatment group is obvious in comparison with the control group.


The study was undertaken at six divisions of Bangladesh to investigate the CO2 emission from brickfields . to explore the rate of carbon emission over the last 10 years, based on existing technology for brick production. The finding reveals that there were more than 45,000 Brick kilns in Bangladesh which together account for about 95% of operating kilns including Bull's Trench Kiln, Fixed Chimney Kiln, Zigzag Kiln and Hoffman Kiln. These kilns were the most carbon emitting source but it varies on fuel type, kiln type and also for location. It has been found that, maximum carbon emission area was Chittagong, which was 93.150 with percentage of last 10 years and 9.310 per cent per year. Whereas Sylhet was lower carbon emission area indicating percentage 17.172 of last 10 years and 4.218 percent per year. It has been found that total annual amount of CO 2 emission for 4 types brick kilns from Dhaka, Chittagong, Rajshahi, Khulana, Sylhet and Barisal were 8.862 Mt yr -1 , 10.048 Mt yr -1 , 12.783 Mt yr -1 , 15.250 Mt yr -1 , in the year of 2002, 2005, 2007 and 2010 respectively. In Mymensingh district, the maximum CO2 emission and coal consumption was obtained in Chamak brick field, which was 1882 tons and 950 tons, respectively and minimum was obtained in Zhalak brick field, which was 1039.5 tons and 525.0 tons, respectively during the year of 2013. The percentage in last 10 years of CO 2 emission was 72.784 and per cent per year 7.970, which is very alarming for us. The estimates obtained from surveys and on-site investigations indicate that these kilns consume an average of 240 tons of coal to produce 1 million bricks. This type of coal has a measured calorific value of 6,400 KJ, heating value of coal is 20.93 GJ t -1 and it produces 94.61 TJ t -1 and 56.1 TJ t -1 CO2 from coal and natural gas, respectively. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v4i2.22653 Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 4 (2): 70-75, December, 2014


Nitrogen( N) is an essential nutrient of special importance for plant growth while it is often deficient in soils because of low phytoavailability. Shifts in soil N status can be caused by variations in the N transformation. Soil N mineralization is of prime importance in ecosystem productivity,N potential availability and losses from ecosystems. Using resin-core incubation method,we examined the net N mineralization rates in swamp,swamp meadow and meadow soils( 0—15 cm) in situ. The soils located along a water level gradient in Napahai wetland,which are sensitive to the changes of hydrological regimes,and reflect the different stage of wetland succession. The objective was to provide insight into the mechanism that how wetland ecosystem evolution constraining net N mineralization in soils. The results indicated that the inorganic N concentrations were significantly different among the three soils( 0—10 cm),swamp swamp meadow meadow,during the growth season. The NH+ 4-N concentrations showed the same decrease trend as inorganic N while the NO-3-N concentrations showed a significant increase trend in the three soils.,The inorganic N was mainly in the form of NH+ 4-N in swamp and swamp meadow soils,which accounted for 96. 76% and 75. 24% respectively. In contrast,NO-3-N was the main form of inorganic N in meadow soil and accounted for 58. 77%. The net N mineralization rates were significantly different during the growth season,ranking in order of swamp meadow meadow swamp. The results indicated that wet and dry alternation is beneficial to the net N mineralization in the wetland soils,and favors higher N effectiveness and greater phytoavailability. The net N mineralization rate in swamp soil was negative during the growth season. The rates in swamp meadow and meadow soils were negative from May to September while positive from September to November. The net ammonization rates in the soils showed a significant decrease as meadow swamp meadow swamp from May to September,but showed a significant increase as swamp ﹤ meadow ﹤ swamp meadow from September to November. The net nitrification rates in soils among the three wetland types showed a significant decrease as swamp swamp meadow meadow from May to September,but showed a significant increase as swamp ﹤ swamp meadow ﹤ meadow from September to November. On the whole,the net N mineralization was main in the form of nitrification in the swamp and meadow soils while in the form of ammonization in the swamp meadow soil during the growth season. In addition,the N mineralization in soils was influenced by soil NO-3-N concentration,organic material concentration,C / N ratio and soil moisture in the soils. The net N mineralization rate in swamp soil was negatively related to soil NO-3-N concentration, organic material concentration,C / N ratio and soil moisture. In swamp meadow soil,the N mineralization rate was negatively related to soil NO-3-N concentration and C / N ratio,but was positively related to soil moisture. In contrast,the net N mineralization rate in meadow soil was negatively related to soil NO-3-N concentration and bulk density,but was positively related to organic material concentration and soil moisture.


Introduction: The conventional hamstring to quadriceps (H:Q) ratio is derived from concentric peak torque of the hamstring during flexion versus the concentric peak torque of the quadriceps during extension. The H:Q ratio is often used in sport performance and rehabilitation to measure strength properties of the muscles and to detect muscle imbalances. Researchers have identified H:Q ratios that can increase the risk of lower extremity injuries, such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and hamstring injuries. Recently, research has begun to examine the relationship between vertical jump measures and sprint speed over 10, 20, and 40 meters (m) in professional basketball players. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between isokinetic strength (H:Q isokinetic ratio) and selected performance metrics associated with competitive basketball (10 m sprint and countermovement jump). Methods: Eight subjects were selected from a NCAA Division III intercollegiate women's basketball program (mean ± SD: age, height, weight, years played = 20.10 years ± 1.13 years, 1.74 m ± 0.10 m, 75.49 kg ± 15.27 kg, and 11.06 years ± 2.34, respectively). They completed one session containing the following assessments: vertical jump, 10 m sprint, and lower extremity isokinetic dynamometry. Results: The mean and standard deviations for the performance tests include vertical jump at 0.30 ± 0.06 m and 10 m sprint at 1.83 ± 0.17 sec. The average H:Q ratio was 59.83 ± 9.42 for all speeds. No correlations were found to be significant. However, 10 m sprint was found to be positively correlated and vertical jump to be negatively correlated with H:Q ratio. Conclusion: In this study there was a positive correlation found between H:Q ratios and sprinting while a negative correlation was found with jumping. Apart from these findings, the results suggested that using isokinetic testing is not a recommended method to evaluate athletic performance in Division III female collegiate basketball players.


In this paper, the GRIPS team (Graz Robust and Intelligent Production System) and its approaches to tackle the challenges arising in the RoboCup Logistics League 2018 are presented. As a hardware platform Festo's Robotino with a customized construction and additional hardware (laser scanner, camera, PC, PLC) is used. The software architecture is built in a multi-layer format. In the top layer a centralized scheduler/planner makes decisions concerning all robots. A layer beneath a procedural reasoning engine (Open PRS) allows for individual decision making and in the lowest level the robot operating system (ROS) executes the tasks. To improve the robustness of the system, observers monitor the low-level and report abnormal behavior and its likely reasons to the upper layers using a diagnosis system in order to allow the malfunctioning components to be repaired.


A method is established to determine trace selenium in propolis by microwave digestion-molecular fluorescence quenching. After microwave digestion,propolis samples reduces Se( Ⅵ) in digestion solution to Se( Ⅳ) with hydrochloric acid. Then,the propolis samples make chromogenic reaction with iodide and Rhodamine B. When I3-and Luo Danming B form an ion association complex,the fluorescence of Luo Danming B solution is suddenly extinguished. When the selenium concentration is in the linear range of 0 ~ 0. 100 μg/mL,the fluorescence quenching is proportional to the concentration of selenium( IV). The linear regression equation is y = 3 536. 1x + 4. 761 9. The linear correlation coefficient is 0. 9995,and the recovery rate is between 96. 8% to 103%. The relative standard deviation( n = 4) is less than 4. 2%. The limit of detection is 0. 001 0μg/mL. The method has high efficiency,less selenium evaporating,accurate measurement and strong practicability.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a raw material for inkjet or an ink for inkjet that is efficiently subjected to a centrifugal treatment, enhances the productivity by shortening the treatment time required for the centrifugal treatment and improves the yield in the centrifugal treatment when the centrifugal treatment is performed to remove at least a part of the material, and is excellent in ejection stability and liquid stability, to provide a process for producing the raw material for inkjet or the ink for inkjet, and to provide an ink using the raw material for inkjet, an ink cartridge using the ink, an inkjet printing apparatus, an image forming method and an image-formed product. SOLUTION: The process for producing a raw material for inkjet or an ink for inkjet using the raw material for inkjet comprises a step of performing a centrifugal treatment to remove at least a part of components in a liquid as a medium, wherein the centrifugal treatment is performed at a liquid temperature of 30°C or higher. COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT


In this paper the problem of scheduling parallel tasks on a group of clusters and formalization of this process as an optimization of packing rectangles in a set of strips of different widths is considered (Multiple Strip Packing). Some modern results concerning this problem and some open problems are presented. Practical aspects of optimization of scheduling parallel tasks process with different criteria of its quality are considered. The description of modeling system developed in the ISP RAS for experimental investigation of scheduling algorithms is presented and its properties are described.


New Zealand devised an independent value-based system for funding oncology therapeutics run through the agency known as PHARMAC. Here the authors apply the approach to the US market as a solution to oncology therapeutics acquisition and funding.


Introduction Classic health technology assessment (HTA) is based on safety, efficacy, and costs. However, in the dynamic world of medicine, "real-world" experience is used to improve HTA. Aggregating evidence is a constant challenge. Physicians are traditionally trained in professionalism (knowledge and skills) and compassion, concentrating on the patient and disease rather than the technology. Currently, medical education also emphasizes quality of care by promoting standardization, and reducing mistakes by root cause analysis. We aimed to integrate the key parameters of safety, effectiveness, quality measures, economic aspects, and assessment guidelines for real-world experience in medical education. Methods A group of medical students participated in a targeted HTA-orientated education program, which focused on the identification of challenges and barriers in the adoption of health technologies, and then completed a structured survey. Results The program included 243 students. They raised four major emerging challenges: (i) to initiate a culture of quality and HTA-targeted perception for individual physicians; (ii) to better understand the role of different stakeholders in the health system; (iii) to be exposed to considerations of budget allocation; and (iv) to incorporate patient preferences, expectations, and engagement so that patient-centered care becomes a critical part of HTA. Conclusions Incorporating values of HTA-targeted quality at an early stage of medical education, while future physicians are developing their professional identity, may create a professional, quality-focused leadership group in health care. The understanding and implementation of these "new" dimensions may serve as a platform for building smart capability to ensure better decision making processes among caregivers and medical managers.


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This study focuses on horticultural activities using colorful food to reduce diets unbalanced in vegetables and to increase emotional intelligence. Horticultural activities using colorful food vegetables were based on ʻHealth in Daily Life' in the ʻ7th Kindergarten Curriculum'; to improve the dietary habits of the young children, the program was also linked with a parents' education program. The research was conducted with a total of 70 children from classes for four-year-olds in three child-care centers located in Seoul. The horticultural activities based upon nutrition education included activities using colorful food vegetables and nutrition education. For the nutrition education group, only nutrition education was provided, while neither horticultural activities nor nutrition education were provided to the control group. The study was conducted from September to December 2011. A total of twelve sessions were conducted once a week for 60 minutes each. According to the result, after the horticultural activities with colorful food vegetable were conducted, both the nutrition education group and horticultural activity & nutrition education group showed improvements in ʻNutrition Knowledge' compared to the control group. Regarding ʻUnbalanced Diet Behaviors', the horticultural activities & nutrition education group showed meaningful decreases compared to the control group. Moreover for preference of fruits and vegetables, the horticultural activities & nutrition education group revealed meaningful improvements. In conclusion, colorful food vegetable horticultural activity could be an effective approach to resolve the imbalance of health caused by unbalanced diets as children who participated in the colorful food vegetable horticultural activities continued to respond spontaneously to the colors of vegetables and fruits and showed joy and kept voluntarily eating them.


Considering that Indonesia is a multicultural country, the diversity of students is a phenomenon that is always encountered. Diversity occurs from regional, origin, religion, language, social strata, and economic level. From this, small social groups are formed, which are always dynamic and change based on developments and interaction between members. This study reveals patterns of interactions that are formed as long as students are in school and the process of life development which for 3 years. After going through the process of collecting data on each level of class, a dynamic pattern of interaction was found from the small social groups. At the initial level, it appears that the formation occurs based on the similarity of the origin of the region. After processing for 3 months, there were changes in social groups. Social groups are formed based on similarities in hobbies, intelligence, and generalife needs. It can be concluded that interaction patterns are formed dynamically, always changing according to the needs of its member.