We consider a random-design regression model with vector-valued observations and develop nonparametric estimation of smooth conditional moment functions in the predictor variable. This includes estimation of higher order mixed moments and also functionals of the moments, such as conditional covariance, correlation, variance, and skewness functions. Our asymptotic analysis targets the limit distributions. We find that some seemingly reasonable procedures do not reproduce the identity or other linear functions without undesirable bias components, i.e., they are linearly biased. Alternative linearly unbiased estimators are developed which remedy this bias problem without increasing the variance. A general linearly unbiased estimation scheme is introduced for arbitrary smooth functionals of moment functions.


The low-velocity impact response of a precompressed circular isotropic elastic plate is investigated in the case when the dynamic behavior of the plate is described by equations taking the rotary inertia and transverse shear deformations into account. Contact interaction between the rigid impactor and the target is modeled by a generalized Hertz contact force, since it is assumed that the viscoelastic features of the plate represent themselves only in the place of contact and are governed by the standard linear solid model with fractional derivatives due to the fact that during the impact process decrosslinking occurs within the domain of the contact of the plate with the sphere, resulting in more free displacements of molecules with respect to each other, and finally in the decrease of the plate material viscosity in the contact zone.


The quality of rural extension and advisory services is a crucial element in fostering innovation and rural development. This article aims to clarify the concept of quality of rural extension and to develop a preliminary theoretical framework. An ample literature review was conducted in search of articles on service quality and quality of rural extension and advisory services. The first part presents the main results of the literature search on quality of extension services. The definition of quality is not universal. Quality cannot be conceptualized only as farmers' satisfaction or as extension results. It has different dimensions or components and stakeholders have different points of view about it. The second part of this article discusses the definition of service quality and the concept of Total Quality Management and underlines that the concept of quality varies according to industry types or contexts and is the result of complex negotiation among different stakeholders. Finally, a comprehensive theoretical framework for addressing quality of rural extension and advisory services is presented that differentiates among enablers that limit or facilitate the delivery of quality rural extension and advisory services, the production and delivery processes, and results obtained. Here, the key role played by quality self-assessment and organizational learning is highlighted.


The activity of nitrate reductase (NR) and nitrite reductase (NiR) was investigated in vivo and in vitro in the roots and NR activity in 3-day-old cotyledons of cucumber seedlings. NR activity in the roots appears almost immediately after addition of nitrate ions to the induction medium, whereas, in the cotyledones NR induction is delayed. In general light enhances NR activity in the cotyledons and depresses it in the roots in experiments of short duration. Etiolation of the cotyledons reduces NR activity in the roots and leads to disappearance of the activity of this enzyme in the cotyledons, whereas the NR activity of roots kept in darkness, after transfer of the etiolated plants to light, increases threefold. In roots growing in darkness a delay in NiR induction is observed, while in those growing in ligth it occurs at the same time as NR induction. Chlormaphenicol (CAP), cycloheximide (CHI) and actinomycin D (ACM) applied at the beginning of the period of seedling induction with initrates inhibit NR activity in the cotyledons, whereas in the roots only CHI and ACM exert such an effect. To sum up, NR is synthesized in cucumber roots and cotyledons de novo on the cytoplasmic polyribosomes, and light per se is not indispensable for this synthesis, but it has an indirect influence on the activity level of NR and NiR both in the roots and the cotyledons.


Cabbage samples were processed by air drying, vacuum drying, and freeze drying and then micronized to various particle sizes. It was observed that the drying method used has a significant effect on vitamin C content, color retention, and bulk density of the dried product. Freeze-dried product had higher vitamin C, good color retention, and better retained shape.


Austenite grain growth and the solution of Nb at different heating temperature were studied in three Nb microalloying steels.In addition,the grain growth model of three tested steels during heating was established for three different Nb microalloying steels.The result showes that Nb additions can restrain austenite grain growth and raising austenite grain coarsening temperature.When Nb content is 0.014%,coarsening austenite grains are found at around 1200℃,the best soaking temperature is about 1170℃.When Nb content is 0.027%and 0.036%,coarsening austenite grains are found at around 1250℃,the best soaking temperature is about 1230℃.A small amount of undissolved NbC particles are observed in the grain boundaries,the number of undissolved particles gradually decrease with the increase of heating temperature.


Karl Loeffler concludes his comments by stating that the serious concerns that knowledgeable observers have expressed about the long-term viability of the family system cannot be dispelled by any of the arguments presented in my article. A careful reading of the first paragraph of my article where I have stated three propositions reveals the purpose of my article. A Critique of Divorce Statistics was not intended to dispel serious concerns about the long-term viability of the family by either lay or professional observers of the family. Rather, the article is a plea, of sorts, for all of us to exercise caution and judiciousness in our use of statistics and the meaning we attribute to the statistics. Loeffler seems to focus primarily on the self-fulfillment theme. The fourth item in his second paragraph relates to the final section of my article under the rubric "Personal and Social Meaning of Divorce." Note my statement: "Few people consider divorce as a sign of mental-emotional health. Yet, for some, divorce is exactly that." This was the eleventh major point in the article. This section does not warrant the reply Loeffler makes in his third paragraph, item 3. Evidently Loeffler feels that my article does "not disprove a gradual decline and ultimate extinction of the family system." Let it be said that I did not intend for my article to prove or disprove anything. I have developed eleven basic points which deserve to be considered in the use of divorce statistics. Loeffler partially acknowl-


To correlate directly structure with function, the oxygen affinity and the three-dimensional structure of crystals of the T quaternary state of des-His-146β human hemoglobin have been determined by polarized absorption microspectrophotometry and x-ray diffraction crystallography. In des-His-146β, the COOH-terminal histidine residues of the β chains of hemoglobin A have been removed. Oxygen binding to crystalline des-His hemoglobin is non-cooperative and independent of pH. The oxygen affinity is 1.7-fold greater than that of the crystalline state of hemoglobin A. Removal of His-146β results in a small movement of the truncated COOH-terminal peptide and in a very small change in quaternary structure. Previously, similar studies on T state crystals of des-Arg-141α hemoglobin showed that removal of the COOH termini of the α chains results in much larger effects on oxygen affinity and on quaternary structure. Kinetic studies in solution reveal that at pH 7.0, the rates of CO combination with deoxygenated des-His-146β in the absence and presence of inositol hexaphosphate are 2.5- and 1.3-fold, respectively, more rapid than for hemoglobin A. The values for des-Arg are 7.6- and 3.9-fold. The properties of the T state of hemoglobin both in the crystal and in solution are influenced to a greater degree by the interactions associated with Arg-141α than those associated with His-146β.


LCL filters are widely used to connect a renewable electrical power source to the electrical grid. The optimal power transfer to the grid depends on the tracking of a sinusoidal current reference synchronized to the grid voltage. However, the tracking of that reference is a difficult task. On the other hand, the sinusoidal reference can be considered as composed of a set of polynomials of different degrees. Thus, this paper explores the application of polynomial reference tracking generalized predictive controller (Poly-GPC) to control the output current of the LCL filter connected to an AC grid. Different tests using the Poly-GPC with different polynomial reference degrees were performed to verify the relationship between the polynomial degree used to approximate the sinusoidal reference with the control accuracy. Simulation results show that the Poly-GPC can be used to control an LCL filter. An analysis of the effect of the polynomial order used to approximate the sinusoidal reference in the current reference tracking is done. The Poly-GPC adds integrators to the control system to reduce the tracking error. It was observed that adding too many integrators may create instability. However, a low number of integrators reduces the tracking performance.


AIMS
The herbal medicine Echinacea purpurea (E. purpurea) has been shown to induce cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) both in vitro and in humans. This study explored whether E. purpurea affects the pharmacokinetics of the CYP3A4 substrate docetaxel in cancer patients.

METHODS
Ten evaluable cancer patients received docetaxel (135 mg, 60 min IV infusion) before intake of a commercially available E. purpurea extract (20 oral drops three times daily) and 3 weeks later after a 14 day supplementation period with E. purpurea. In both cycles, pharmacokinetic parameters of docetaxel were determined.

RESULTS
Before and after supplementation with E. purpurea, the mean area under the plasma concentration-time curve of docetaxel was 3278 ± 1086 and 3480 ± 1285 ng ml(-1) h, respectively. This result was statistically not significant. Nonsignificant alterations were also observed for the elimination half-life (from 30.8 ± 19.7 to 25.6 ± 5.9 h, P = 0.56) and maximum plasma concentration of docetaxel (from 2224 ± 609 to 2097 ± 925 ng ml(-1) , P = 0.30).

CONCLUSIONS
The multiple treatment of E. purpurea did not significantly alter the pharmacokinetics of docetaxel in this study. The applied E. purpurea product at the recommended dose may be combined safely with docetaxel in cancer patients.


Background: Parathyroid cancer (PC) is a rare sporadic or hereditary malignancy whose histologic features were redefined with the 2022 WHO classification. A total of 24 Italian institutions designed this multicenter study to specify PC incidence, describe its clinical, functional, and imaging characteristics and improve its differentiation from the atypical parathyroid tumour (APT). Methods: All relevant information was collected about PC and APT patients treated between 2009 and 2021. Results: Among 8361 parathyroidectomies, 351 patients (mean age 59.0 ± 14.5; F = 210, 59.8%) were divided into the APT (n = 226, 2.8%) and PC group (n = 125, 1.5%). PC showed significantly higher rates (p < 0.05) of bone involvement, abdominal, and neurological symptoms than APT (48.8% vs. 35.0%, 17.6% vs. 7.1%, 13.6% vs. 5.3%, respectively). Ultrasound (US) diameter >3 cm (30.9% vs. 19.3%, p = 0.049) was significantly more common in the PC. A significantly higher frequency of local recurrences was observed in the PC (8.0% vs. 2.7%, p = 0.022). Mortality due to consequences of cancer or uncontrolled hyperparathyroidism was 3.3%. Conclusions: Symptomatic hyperparathyroidism, high PTH and albumin-corrected serum calcium values, and a US diameter >3 cm may be considered features differentiating PC from APT. 2022 WHO criteria did not impact the diagnosis.


T HIS disease is common in some parts of Europe and has recently been diagnosed in the United States of America and Japan. It is quite probable that the infection exists to a greater extent than published reports would indicate. That it has not been reported in Canada does not necessarily mean that Canadian cattle are free from the disease. Cameron (1) defines it as "A venereal disease of cattle characterized by early abortion, pyometra and sterility, and is caused by a flagellated protozoan of the genus Trichomonas." Some idea of its seriousness may be gathered from the following data published by Abelein in 1929 and quoted by Stableforth and Scorgie (2), a large proportion of their paper being reviewed herewith. In a herd which became infected, and in which no other cause but trichomonads could be found, the percentage of cows going through normal pregnancies dropped from 96 to 26; the remaining 70 per cent not calving normally on account of metritis, early abortion or other causes. Walsh, McNutt and Murray (3) give a table of the breeding records of a herd before infection, during infection and after the infection was eliminated: "Before infection, 195 matings produced 128 calves or 1 calf to 1.5 matings. "During infection, 133 matings produced 25 calves or 1 calf to 5.3 matings. "After infection was eliminated 97 matings produced 50 calves or 1 calf to 1.9 matings."


Abstract Simple sequence repeats (SSR) polymorphism of 34 microsatellite loci (LG1, 8 and 13) was studied in lines carrying the downy mildew resistance genes Pl and lines with no Pl. The microsatellite loci ORS328 and ORS781 were selected as markers for genes Pl6 and Pl8 in lines HA 335 and QHP-1, respectively. Markers were identified for gene PlARG in RHA 419 and some accessions of H. argophyllus. The SSR markers ORS509, ORS605, ORS610, ORS1182 and ORS1039 were proven to reliably identify the parental line carrying PlARG gene, control and select the heterozygous F1 hybrids and identify homozygous genotypes in F2 generations. Obtained results indicate the necessity of validation of the markers in various germplasm pools and breeding collections. The SSR markers that are tightly linked to Pl6, Pl8, PlARG would be useful in the sunflower breeding. PlARG homozygous F2 segregants, developed and identified with marker assisted selection in this study, are recommended for further breeding as a new source of genetically determined resistance to downy mildew.


We argue in this paper that counselling psychologists have been championing human rights and social justice in different ways and since the Division was first being considered. We draw on counselling psychology historical literature, and from responses from our colleagues within the profession. As part of our preparation for this paper we put out a call to counselling psychologists through the Division of Counselling Psychology to invite our colleagues to share with us the work they are engaged in relating to Human Rights and Social Justice. In this paper we share themes from the responses we received on the various areas covering human rights aspects of counselling psychology and social justice, for example championing climate justice, equality, diversity, and inclusion. Our call was operationalised through a Questback survey which comprised of 10 questions. These included demographic questions, questions which enquired about areas of respondent's work which covered human rights aspects of psychology and social justice. The responses for example included mental health work with refugees, asylum seekers, trafficked people, torture survivors; Black and Minoritised Ethnic adults aged 18+; people from what one respondent noted as 'the profoundly deaf community' who use BSL (British Sign Language) as their first language; and other aspects of equality, diversity, and inclusion. Furthermore, we enquired whether our counselling psychology respondents had faced experiences in which they have wanted to engage with human rights-based/focused work but had been prevented from doing this. These questions could be responded to through qualitative responses, and we offer example of quotes from respondents throughout different sections of this paper. The respondents also replied at a specific time period and the issues raised might differ if the questionnaire was answered at an earlier or later time period.


In differential topology two smooth submanifolds S1 and S2 of euclidean space are said to be transverse if the tangent spaces at each common point together form a spanning set. The purpose of this article is to explore a much more general notion of transversality pertaining to a collection of submanifolds of euclidean space. In particular, we show that three seemingly different concepts of transversality arising naturally in harmonic analysis, are in fact equivalent. This result is an amalgamation of several recent works on variants of the Brascamp– Lieb inequality, and we take the opportunity here to briefly survey this growing area. This is not intended to be an exhaustive account, and the choices made reflect the particular perspectives of the authors.


The Air‐Conditioning & Refrigeration Institute and member companies have developed a single‐number sound‐rating standard for outdoor unitary air‐conditioners and heat pumps. It is intended to allow air‐conditioning manufacturers to publish certified sound‐rating numbers. This rating can then be used to predict sound‐pressure levels in typical installations. The rating system calls for an acoustic test to be conducted in a reverberant‐type sound room according to the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air‐Conditioning Engineers, Inc., standard on "Measurement of Sound Power Radiated from Heating, Refrigerating & Air‐Conditioning Equipment." These tests are conducted at standard rating conditions of temperatures and refrigerant pressures. The measurements are taken in 13‐oct bands in the frequency range of 100–10 000 Hz, and the values are corrected for frequency distribution and pure‐tone content before the calculation of the single‐sound rating number. The sound‐rating number can be used to select the quieter type air‐conditioning and to predict an expected annoyance level or sound‐pressure level. An example calculation of the expected sound‐pressure level in a neighbor's home is shown through the use of slides.The Air‐Conditioning & Refrigeration Institute and member companies have developed a single‐number sound‐rating standard for outdoor unitary air‐conditioners and heat pumps. It is intended to allow air‐conditioning manufacturers to publish certified sound‐rating numbers. This rating can then be used to predict sound‐pressure levels in typical installations. The rating system calls for an acoustic test to be conducted in a reverberant‐type sound room according to the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air‐Conditioning Engineers, Inc., standard on "Measurement of Sound Power Radiated from Heating, Refrigerating & Air‐Conditioning Equipment." These tests are conducted at standard rating conditions of temperatures and refrigerant pressures. The measurements are taken in 13‐oct bands in the frequency range of 100–10 000 Hz, and the values are corrected for frequency distribution and pure‐tone content before the calculation of the single‐sound rating number. The sound‐rating number can be used to se...


An approach is described for studying texture in nanostructured materials. The approach implements the real space texture PDF, txPDF, laid out in [Gong and Billinge (2018) arXiv:1805.10342 [cond-mat]]. It is demonstrated on a fiber textured polycrystalline Pt PREPRINT: Acta Crystallographica Section A A Journal of the International Union of Crystallography ar X iv :2 20 1. 03 44 0v 1 [ co nd -m at .m tr lsc i] 1 0 Ja n 20 22


The last few decades have seen dramatic changes in development finance. These have been accompanied by a redefinition of the purpose of development cooperation. A strong belief in the potential of private flows to finance development has come to prevail and public or official flows have become increasingly deployed in support of private flows as the newly projected main source of development finance. This has specific implications regarding aid instruments, in particular through 'blending' and the attempt to rely increasingly on publicprivate partnerships. As aid and development cooperation become deployed increasingly to mobilize private finance, the core role of public finance for public goods is downplayed. This trend has accelerated as a result of the GFC with its specific implications for fiscal space to support ODA in developed economies. This Working Paper 140 is part of Deliverable D606 on the Financial Implications of the New Relationship between the EU and the Developing World.


This investigation was undertaken to improve the data on product yields in the reactor-neutron-induced fission of /sup 232/Th. The mass distribution in the reactor-neutron-induced fission of /sup 232/Th was studied using radiochemical techniques and direct gamma-ray measurements. Absolute fission yields of the standard nuclides /sup 99/Mo and /sup 132/Te were obtained from /sup 232/Th sources irradiated in a fission counter. The yields of 36 mass chains, including three that have been measured for the first time, were determined both from measurements relative to /sup 235/U(n/sub th/, f) nth,f) yields and from /sup 232/Th data alone. 39 refs.


3D histology‐guided surgery provides high cure rates and tissue‐sparing for the treatment of basal cell carcinomas (BCCs). The cockade technique is a closed wound variant of 3D histology‐guided surgery, which has previously been designed to provide low postoperative complication rates and good feasibility in the office‐setting.


Deals with Jewish history of the period 219-161 B.C.E., against the background of Hellenistic and Roman history, using critical analyses of both Jewish sources and Polybius. The policies of Antiochus Epiphanes are examined in relation to Rome's eastern interests and a prosopographical study demonstrates the direct link between the king's death and the subsequent crisis within the Seleucid kingdom.


Modeling the ionospheric disturbances behavior is of great importance in many SpaceGeodetic applications, including robust Spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) signal processing through accurate noise modeling and removal, 3D-monitoring of land and sea surface and geodynamics SAR Interferometry (InSAR) purposes. Estimating ionospheric disturbances behavior is a challenging research issue which involves many non-linearities, dynamics and external factors. In this paper, we propose an Echo State Network (ESN) for Modeling Ionospheric Disturbances Behavior. The echo state network (ESN) is a recurrent neural network with a sparsely connected hidden layer (with typically 1% connectivity). The connectivity and weights of hidden neurons are randomly assigned and are fixed. The weights of output neurons can be learned so that the network can (re)produce specific temporal patterns. The representation is accomplished through network parameters. Thus, we come up against the problems arising from the traditional approaches which try to precompute the noisy effects of the wave propagation through ionosphere on Spaceborne SAR images. The main advantage of the ESN is that although its behavior is non-linear, the error function is thus quadratic with respect to the parameter vector and can be differentiated easily to a linear system. The model has been validated with ionospheric noise derived from real interferograms produced by earthquakes occurred in Greece the last ten years, during various ionospheric disturbances. By using the ESN for Modeling Ionospheric Disturbances Behavior, we extract the noise due to the ionospheric propagation from various comparatively processed interferograms, gathered from different highly seismicity areas in Greece. In addition, we compare the observed Total Electron Content (TEC) during severe ionospheric disturbances, using the local Ionospheric Station at the National Observatory of Athens and the main Global Position System (GPS) Station at Dionysos Satellite Observatory (DSO) of the National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Greece, with the ionospheric TEC derived from the proposed ESN.


GSK-3 activity can be regulated by phosphorylation and through interaction with GSK-3-binding proteins; here we describe N-terminal proteolysis as a novel way to regulate GSK-3. GSK-3? and GSK-3s were truncated by calpain, generating two fragments of 40 and 30 kDa, a proteolytic process that was inhibited by specific calpain inhibitors. The 30 kDa fragment was originated by cleavage of the 49Asp - 50Arg peptide bound. These truncated isoforms were active kinases. We also found that lithium, a GSK-3 inhibitor, inhibits full-length and cleaved GSK-3 isoforms with the same IC50 value. When cultured cortical neurons were exposed with ionomycin, glutamate, or NMDA, GSK-3 was truncated. This truncation was blocked by the calpain inhibitor calpeptin, at the same concentration at which it inhibits calpain-mediated cleavage of other well-known calpain substrates. Truncated GSK-3 forms did not accumulate, suggesting that a short-lived product is formed. GSK-3 truncation mediated by calpain prevents its binding to 14-3-3?. In addition, overexpression of the truncated GSK-3 form ([50-420]-GSK-3s) in COS-7 cells showed that the N-terminal is involved in nuclear import, since the truncated form is only present in the cytoplasm.


We study entanglement of spin degrees of freedom with continuous one in supersymmetric (SUSY) quantum mechanics. Concurrence is determined by mean value of spin and is calculated explicitly for SUSY states. We show that eigenstates of supercharges are maximally entangled. As an example the entanglement of atom state with photon state and SUSY in Jaynes-Cummings model are considered.


An important feature of the narrative work of Spanish writer Pilar Adón is her interest in utopian social forms, that is, in forms of organization based on alternative models of sociability that establish new relationships between humans and with nature. Instead of focusing on the enduring power of the utopian idea—of the human desire to enact forms of existence free from social constraints— Adón's 2015 novel Las efímeras explores the slow unraveling and collapse of a utopian community.1 The community in question, La Ruche (the Beehive), has its origins in an educational project: a school for orphan children. Implicit in the community's name and the novel's title—"Las efímeras" is not just the feminine plural of the adjective "ephemeral" but also a Spanish term for a specific family of insects, mayflies, or Ephemeroptera—is the notion of swarming insects, of provisional and capillary forms of collective organization. Mayflies and bees have the potential to settle and congregate, to cluster together, and to operate as a plural mobile whole that morphs into new configurations. Eugene Thacker has drawn attention to the ambiguity of the swarm as a type of collective organization that may acquire positive and negative, utopian as well as dystopian, connotations.2 Thacker defines the swarm as a unit composed of a large number of individual members operating in coordinated fashion without


In the field of macromolecular crystallography, X-ray diffraction data collection at temperatures close to that of liquid nitrogen is now widely used. Under these conditions, the severe problem of radiation damage is virtually eliminated. This allows the collection of one or more complete data sets from single crystals even using high-brilliance X-ray sources. Here is presented a simple device that is useful for the recovery and re-exposure of frozen crystals and for data collection from frozen crystals at different orientations, for use with a horizontal spindle axis.


This letter presents an ultra-wideband E-planar T-junction power divider with high isolation based on symmetric double ridge waveguides and microstrip probe. Compared with traditional waveguide power divider, it has a wider bandwidth from 6 to 18 GHZ. The input and output ports are the standard ridge waveguides WRD650D28, avoiding the quarter-wavelength matching process. A microstrip probe is used to increase the isolation and facilitate processing and assembly. Measured results show that the reflection is better than −15 dB within 6 to 18 GHz, the insertion loss is less than 0.4 dB, and the isolation between two output ports is better than −10 dB from 7.6 to 14.8 GHz.


In order to study the effect of soil organic carbon contents on the distribution characteristics of organochlorine pollutants in pristine mountain area,25 soil samples were collected at high altitude sites in both spring and autumn of 2006 in Wolong Nature Reserve.Typical organochlorine pollutants were measured by gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry.Regression analysis was used to study the relationship between organochlorine pollutants and organic carbon contents as well as the altitude.The results showed that the concentrations of organochlorine pollutants were less than 1(ngg) in the Wolong Nature Reserve,which was similar to those of non-agricultural soils in other remote areas in the world.There is significant impact of the soil organic carbon contents on the distribution characteristics of organochlorine pollutants.The concentrations after organic carbon calibration for the ten organochlorine pollutants revealed a good exponential relationship to altitude,and positive coefficients showed significant statistical significance,exhibiting an obvious "cold-trapping" phenomenon.Therefore,it was reasonable and important to use organic carbon contents to calibrate the concentrations of organochlorine pollutants for this kind of study.


T'wvelve Months of Compulsory Notifi cation. AT a recent meeting of the Medical Institution Dr. Hope, the assistant medical officer of health, brought forward an interesting account of the operation of the Infectious Diseases Notification Act in Liverpool. The Act was adopted there in September, 1890, and the form of notification fixed by statute was supplemented by a form which might or might not be filled up at the option of the practitioner. During the past year this optional form had been filled up in about half the notifications. The first question on the optional form, namely, whether the patient was properly isolated or fit for removal to hospital, was one that admitted of considerable divergence of opinion, and the question of removal to hospital sometimes involved a considerable degree of responsibility. The responsibility of the removal did not, however, rest altogether with the practitioner, but largely with the Health Department; and unfortunately a removal which the patient's condition rendered inadvisable was often unavoidable through the destitution of his friends or through his being on a vessel or some other place where he could not receive proper attention. The second question, referring to the probable date for disinfecting the premises, did not call for any special remark; but the third, asking the names of children attending school from an infected house, had been found to lead to excellent results, and the information thus obtained had led to the arrest of a threatened outbreak of typhus fever in some large industrial schools. The general result of the Act had been the extension of the operations of theHealthDepartment. During the year ending December 31st, 2,800 cases had been notified, 2,000 being cases occurring in private practice, 600 in dispensaries and medical charities, and 160 parish cases. The fees were about £300. Of the diseases notified, 588 were typhoid, 175 typhus, 1,176 scarlatina, and 231 diphtheria. As might have been anticipated, the mortality of cases that came to the knowledge of the Health Department was less than before notification, since formerly all the fatal cases were known but only a portion of those that got well. The mortality of diphtheria was 27 per cent.; of typhus about the average. In the latter disease the practitioner often seemed to be misled, so that it had taken hold on a household before its true nature was recognised. No doubt the early diagnosis of typhus was difficult, and the difficulty was greatly augmented by the dirt and other conditions surrounding the patient; also it was relatively rare, and the opportunities provided by the General Medical Council had been insufficient to bridge the gulf between impressions obtained from textbooks and the phase of the disease which might present itself in actual practice. Where there was a doubt the safest plan was to isolate in hospital. The practice of the department was to visit daily for two weeks any house in which typhus had occurred, in order that any extension of the disease should be dealt with at the earliest moment. The diagnosis of small-pox appeared to be attended with a good deal of uncertainty, but the mistakes had generally been on the side of safety. Cases of measles, chicken-pox, syphilis, eczema, and acne, had been notified as small-pox. No harm had ever been observed to arise from reporting such cases, but on the other hand serious results had arisen when smallpox had passed unrecognised. Great advantage was derived from the interchange of notification tables between the twenty-eight large towns. The Act was further useful by aiding the diagnosis of obscure cases, and by securing the completeness of statistical records. Dr. Hope observed, in conclusion, that in carrying out what might be called the necessary preliminaries to notification, such, for example, as the provision of hospital accommodation and the necessary adjuncts thereto, an adequate administration must be secured; for unless this was the case, the trouble and pains taken to carry out the Act would be utterly thrown away. In this city the administration of the hospitals had been such as materially to advance the objects of the Act, by deserving and receiving the confidence of the profession and the public. CORRESPONDENCE.


Objective-To compare formal nursetriage with aninformal prioritisation process forwaiting times andpatient satisfaction. Setting-Accident andemergency department of adistrict general hospital inthemidlands in1990. Design-Patients attending between 800amand 900pm oversixweeksweregrouped foranalysis according towhether triage wasoperating attimeof presentation and by theirdegreeofurgency asassessed retrospectively byan accident and emergency consultant. Patients -5954patients presenting oversixweeks. Mainoutcome measures-Time waited between first attendance inthedepartment andobtaining medical attention, andpatient satisfaction measured byquestionnaire. Results-Complete dataonwaiting timewere collected on5037patients (85%). Only1213ofthe 2515(48%)patients presenting during thetriage period wereseenbyatriage nurse. Patients inthe triage group waited longer thanthose inthenotriage groupinallfourretrospective priority categories, though differences weresignificant foronly thetwo mosturgent categories (difference inmedian waiting time10-5(95%confidence interval 35to14)minfor category 1and8-5(3to12)minforcategory 2). Responses tothepatient satisfaction questionnaire weresimilar inthetwogroupsexceptforthe question relating toanxiety relating topain. Conclusions-This study fails toshowthebenefits claimed forformal nursetriage. Nursetriage may imposeadditional delayforpatient treatment, particularly amongpatients needing themosturgent attention.


Understanding the fate and transport of radionuclides in compacted bentonite is essential for the safety assessment of radioactive waste disposal because bentonite is planned to be used as a part of the engineered barrier. A precipitate of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) may form in the engineered barrier by the interaction between bentonite and cementitious materials, and as a result, properties of bentonite as a barrier may be altered. Precipitation of CaCO3 can be described by the reaction:


In recent years, a number of researchers have observed three types of time-related regularities in stock market returns-the so-called "January" effect, the "day-of-the-week" effect and the "month-end" effect.' Several hypotheses have been advanced to explain these regularities in stock returns, but none has received general acceptance. This note examines the month-end effect in Canada and shows that the month-end pattern in aggregate security returns results from regularities in the returns of large firms. We find no such monthly pattern in trading volumes and conclude that the month-end effect is a valuation effect. Because both the U.S. and Canadian results show almost identical patterns, we examine potential links between the monthly return pattern and patterns in corporate announcements.


A special practical applications that implement a magnetic receptive print media in combination with the use of a magnet which forms a basis that is referenced, whereas it is possible to multi-layer magnetic medium, holds the reference position of such surface. This is one to match the benefits of the design intended for polarity line is realized by receiving a second or subsequent layers to do with the design intended to prepare a first layer. .BACKGROUND


The red color of 'McIntosh' apples was comparatively determined by the 'Techwest' color meter and by judges. The 'Techwest' color meter was found to be a reliable instrument for the objective color classification of apples.


Perovskite Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 (PZN) was obtained by first fabricating pyrochlore PZN ceramics and then converting pyrochlore to perovskite using HIP. PZN ceramics containing as much perovskite as 96% were fabricated under 200 MPa at 1150°C for 1 h. The electromechanical coupling factors and the piezoelectric constants were lower than expected, probably due to the low relative density of the specimen measured.


Legislators and regulators at the federal, state, and even local levels are seeking ways to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). Emerging CO 2 policies would seem to offer promise for the renewable energy industry. However, improperly structured regulations could actually eliminate the ability of renewable energy to create emissions reductions. This paper addresses the current status of SO 2 cap and trade regulations in the U.S. and demonstrates why those regulations fail to capture the benefits of renewable energy, and in fact, undermine the renewable energy industry. The paper argues that future regulations for CO 2 must correct this deficiency. Finally, the paper suggests three approaches to cap and trade policy that would allow the renewable energy industry to participate in ‐ and benefit from ‐ emissions reduction legislation: 1. An output-based allocation 2. A set-aside for renewable energy 3. A load-based allocation The authors conclude that both voluntary and compliance market participants expect and should receive emissions reductions as part of their purchase of renewable energy, and that legislators and regulators should craft CO 2 policy to ensure that these outcomes are accomplished.


Laparoscopic colposuspension for stress urinary incontinence appears to have short-term benefits, including a lower perioperative complication rate, shorter hospital stay, and a quicker recovery but seems to be more costly, takes longer to perform, and has a steep learning curve, when compared to open colposuspension. The suture technique appears to be superior to mesh/fibrin sealant. Current evidence suggests that it is as effective as open colposuspension up to 3–5 years postsurgery. Compared to newer, self-fixing suburethral sling procedures, there appears to be no significant difference in subjective cure rates within 18 months to 2 years of follow-up, although significantly higher objective cure rates at 18 months were found with the latter. However, the long-term cure results remain uncertain.


In order to determine the prevalence of T. gondii in the students of the Physical Culture and Sports and Physical Therapy careers of the National University of Chimborazo, a micro ELISA test was applied to the volunteer students of the selected population, obtaining as a result 25% of sero-prevalence also evaluated the lifestyle, and the knowledge regarding the disease, through a survey. The results indicate that the population studied is within the criteria of risk, due to the poor hygiene habits and the lifestyles they contemplate, leading to the predisposition to acquire T. gondii infection. Respect to the knowledge was found that 67% knew that the infection came from animals, the cat being the main transmitter of
the infection. Through a contingency table, a direct relationship was found both in lifestyle and knowledge versus sero-prevalence, indicating that the respondents know the disease, means of transmission and consequences of infection. This would be the first work that evaluates at university students the necessary parameters to assess the health status in relation to infection by T. gondii.


The boiler automatic control level in our company is low now.There are many problems,such as incomplete burning high oxygen content and great heat loss of exhaust gas.These problems not only results in low boiler thermal efficiency and big waste of energy directly,but also brings about great harm to the surroundings.Therefore,it is importan to perfect the boiler computer control system.Based on Siemens 300PLC platform,Fuzzy-PID controller is designed for the boiler control system in our company to overcome the shortcomings of great inertia and non-linearity of the boiler control system.The whole control system is made have a good effect in combination with high of steady-state accuracy of PID control.On the basis of combining Fuzzy-PID control with traditional PID control,a complete and practical automatic control system is designed for the boiler in our company.


Security is vital for database.From the security angle of database system preserved,improves database access control based on the model of BLP.And defines the access control rules,then through the development of DDL and DML,dealing with multilevel relation,puts forward a security enhanced method based on BLP model,which enhances the security of database.


Hebei Province has entered a period of accelerated development of urbanization,and the flowing and shifting of the population brought many new problems to the original crowded city,One of the particular evident problem is housing.In the background of the urbanization,this paper offer the predictive analysis of the demand and supply scale of the Economical Housing to effective mitigation of contradictions of the housing.


As the most critical member, the service status of the cable system plays a crucial role in the longevity of cable-supported bridges. As bridges advance in age, their cable system is undergoing a process of accelerated deterioration. Hence the need for safety evaluation of cables is getting more urgent. At present, cable maintenance mainly relies on the manual inspection by engineers, which features low efficiency, high costs and risk, and potential non-inspection zone. In this context, we studied the fusion technologies between sensors and cables, and developed a maintenance management platform, which can collect data of cable corrosion, temperature and humidity, as well as water accumulation, etc. The intelligent cable products have been tested in outdoor environment since April 2020, and have been successfully applied in several bridges.


For a non-tangential slit (t), the behavior of the driving function �(t) near zero in the Loewner equation is well understood; for tangential slit, the situation is less clear. In this paper, we investigate the tangential slit p , p > 0, where is a circular arc tangent at 0; p has order p+1 p near zero. Our main result is to give the exact expression of �(t), and its Holder exponent near 0 in terms of p, which has a natural connection with the known results. We also extend this to a general type of tangential slits, and give an estimation of the growth of �(t) near 0.


The ontogenic law is also the law of stem cell differentiation,which may provide the guidance for stem cell research.According to this law,stem cell differentiation usually results in formation of blastocyst-like structure(BLS),which is composed of a trophectoderm-like structure(TLS)and an inner mass-like structure(IMLS) or IMLSs,and this process repeats circularly.TLSs will finally develop into connective tissue or epithelium tissue.Niches,which somatic stem cells reside in,are attachments of tissue derived from TLSs.Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) are progenitors of several connective tissue cell lineages,they are distributed widely in the body.Characteristics of MSCs differ among laboratories,species and tissues,and there is no specific marker or combination of markers that identify MSCs either in vivo or in vitro.In view of the ontogenic law,MSCs should be IMLSs except for that of the lowest hierarchy BLSs,this is the reason why MSCs are distributed so widely and their markers are various.


This paper discusses techniques for attitude determination using GPS differential phase measurements, assuming that the cycle integer ambiguities are known. The need for optimal solution is explained. One proposed set of optimal solutions, which includes QUEST, REQUEST, and FOAM is based on least squares fit of some attitude parameters to a set of vector measurements. The first two algorithms fit the attitude quaternion and the third fits the attitude matrix itself. The use of these algorithms is made possible after the conversion of the basic GPS scalar phase measurements into unit vectors. It is shown that when the GPS antennae constitute two axes of a Cartesian coordinate system, the conversion is immediate. When this is not the case, a more elaborate transformation is required. The necessary conversion formulae for both cases are developed and demonstrated in an example. Another possible approach is based on a least squares fit of the attitude quaternion to the basic GPS phase measurements. The cost function of the fit is given in the literature in the most straight-forward formulation as a function of the attitude matrix. The paper presents the conversion of the matrix-based cost function to a quaternion-based cost function which corresponds to the cost function minimized by QUEST. However, unlike the QUEST cost function, the converted cost function is not a simple quadratic form, therefore the simple QUEST solution is not applicable in this case. An iterative solution for finding the optimal quaternion is derived and demonstrated through numerical examples. The algorithms presented in this paper can handle cases of planar antenna arrays and thus cover a hole in earlier algorithms.


There have been many attempts at producing machines capable of recognising speech. Nearly all have relied on some torm of feature extraction technique followed by pattern matching using techniques such as dynamic programming. In this paper we introduce PROLOG as a language for the labelling of vowels in continuous speech. The recogniser stores descriptions of vowels which are then compared with the incoming data, where a label of a phoneme is assigned together with a value for its membership of a particular vowel class. The vowel recogniser proposed has been designed to be used together with higher level linguistic knowledge to torm the basis of a speech recognition system. The use of differing membership functions is examined.


The problem of angular glint of flying vehicle formation and its application in anti-interception is studied. The angular glint of the flying vehicle formation is modeled as evenly distributed N-point scattering centers with method of phase gradient, and the linear errors of the angular glint and its distribution characteristics are calculated. Finally, simulations of conflicts of a formation consists of four aircraft against a typical surface-to-air missile were done, the results of which verified the effectiveness of the method proposed.


A flexibility difference method based on the minimum-rank solution for locating damage in beam structures has been proposed in this paper. This method is based on the estimation of changes in the flexibility matrix by using the static response data and the minimum rank update theory. The main advantage of using the static data rather than dynamic data is that the static equilibrium equation is solely related to the structural stiffness,and accurate static response data can be obtained rapidly and cheaply. As distinct from the existing minimum-rank methods,the presented method can directly compute the flexibility perturbation using the incomplete measured static data. Moreover,the proposed theory provides an insight to the appropriate number of the applied static loads for structural damage detection. The efficiency of the proposed method is demonstrated by two numerical examples. The results show the good efficiency and stability of the proposed method on the localization of damage. It has been shown that the proposed procedure may be a promising method in structural damage localization.


AbstractOne of the goals of the COMPASS experiment is the determination of the gluonpolarisation ∆G/G, for a deep understanding of the spin structure of the nucleon.In DIS the gluon polarisation can be measured via the Photon-Gluon-Fusion (PGF)process, identified by open charm production or by selecting high p T hadron pairsin the final state. The data used for this work were collected by the COMPASSexperiment during the years 2002-2004, using a 160 GeV naturally polarised positivemuon beam scattering on a polarised nucleon target. A new preliminary result of thegluon polarisation ∆G/G from high p T hadron pairs in events with Q 2 > 1 (GeV/c) 2 is presented. In order to extract ∆G/G, this analysis takes into account the leadingprocess γq contribution together with the PGF and QCD Compton processes. Anew weighted method based on a neural network approach is used. A preliminary∆G/G result for events from quasi-real photoproduction (Q 2 < 1 (GeV/c) 2 ) is alsopresented. 1 Introduction


Discussing activities of Jesuits in Jiangxi during Ming and Qing Dynasties, the author presents a picture of local Jiangxi described by Jesuits as Mathien Ricci, Alvaro Semedo and FrancoisXavier d'Entrecolles.The author not only views that as one of the important content about the exchanging processes of Western Learning and Eastern Learning during that period,but also specially explains that Jiangxi was not the most important destination which Jesuits in China had planned to arrive in,however as a traffic center which connects North with South China, Jiangxi won opportunities of culture communication and thus was primarily introduced to the west.This article offers a reference when it came to the historical process of Jiangxi province after it lost this convenient transportation position after 1840.


Probabilistic programs describe recipes for inferring statistical conclusions from a complex mixture of uncertain data and real-world observations. They can represent probabilistic graphical models far beyond the capabilities of Bayesian networks and are expected to have a major impact on machine intelligence. Probabilistic programs are ubiquitous. They steer autonomous robots and self-driving cars, are key to describe security mechanisms, naturally code up randomised algorithms for solving NP-hard or even unsolvable problems, and are rapidly encroaching on AI. Probabilistic programming aims to make probabilistic modelling and machine learning accessible to the programmer.


In this paper,the applications of computers in modern poultry production were summarized from several aspects,such as: poultry breeding and breed preservation,feed formula optimizing,diseases diagnosis,quality control and poultry production management.Also,the network actions were mentioned in modern poultry production.


Scott D. Kelman, Haiqing Lin, and Benny D. Freeman Carbon dioxide is an impurity which must be removed from natural gas streams in a process commonly known as natural gas conditioning. Ethane is a major component of natural gas streams, and it forms a minimum pressure azeotrope with carbon dioxide which hinders carbon dioxide separation [1]. At 293K, the carbon dioxide/ethane azeotrope has a carbon dioxide mole fraction of 0.7 [2]. Traditional techniques (e.g., chemical absorption using amine solutions and adsorption using molecular sieves), for breaking the carbon dioxide/ethane azeotrope are capital intensive and require complex process control [3].


Development of new materials based on cement binder, and improvement of properties of existing materials have made great advances over the last few decades. All this can be achieved only if development of concrete microstructure, concrete technology and concrete performance are closely related. The modern, innovative types of concrete are expected to have outstanding durability properties, should be environmentally friendly, costeffective, and readily used in construction. High performance concrete (HPC) has been a promising material for many decades. Development of new high performance concrete types has a great success within the last few years. One type of such innovative concrete types are ultra high performance concrete types (UHPC), the development of and researches on which started late in the 20th century. UHPC exhibit a very high compressive (even above 200 MPa) and flexural strengths and possess outstanding properties such as high durability etc. Beside that, high performance concretes with the strength range between 100 and 200 MPa are already integrating because of their lower price related to UHPC. This paper deals with the development of new high performance concrete types. The experimental results of testing mechanical and durability properties of different high performance concrete types (ordinary HPC, ultra high performance fibre reinforced concrete (UHPFRC), high performance fibre reinforced self compacting concrete (HPFRSCC), and high performance sprayed concrete (HPSC)) are presented. Advantage and disadvantage of these concrete types are critically commented with the aim to find the optimum practical application of different high performance concrete types.


Abstruct-In order to obtain the true oscillation of femtosecond solitons in fiber Raman lasers where relatively long fibers are usually employed, it is necessary to suppress the soliton self-frequency shift (SSFS) in fibers. This letter presents, for the first time to our knowledge, the oscillation of femtosecond solitons in a synchronously pumped all-fiber Raman ring laser by suppressing the SSFS effect. It is shown that proper choices of both the Stokes oscillation wavelength and pump power level are required for SSFS suppression. Optical pulses as short as 400 fs with low amplitude noise have been generated from the compact fiber Raman laser.


The study investigated the effects on growth and quality of lettuce under six light treatments:yellow LED(Y),green LED(G),red LED(R),blue LED(B) and the red plus blue light(R = B = 3:1) by dysprosium lamp as control(CK).The results showed that:under combination of red light and blue light,the fresh weight and dry weight were the largest,and the second is blue light treatment.Compared with the control,blue light and the red plus blue light significantly enhanced the content of soluble sugar,soluble protein,amino and vitamin C.The study also showed that the red plus blue light significantly improved activity of nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase in lettuce leaf,which reduced the content of nitrate and nitrite and improve the safety effectively.


A horizontal plate laid on water surface to reduce the wave motion is proved to be effective theoretically and verified by model tests done at Tainan Hydraulics Laboratory. This principle has been put into practice on the northern coast of Taiwan for protecting a nuclear power plant cooling water intake against intruding waves. The design and construction of wave prevention works of such type are described succinctly in the paper. Also the effect of wave diminishing has been affirmed by measuring the respective waves heights outside and inside of the wave pressing plate. INTRODUCTION Almost all of the nuclear and fossil power plants in Taiwan are constructed on coast of the island with cooling water intakes and outlets facing open sea. For many years the traditional layout of breakwaters has normally been used to protect these cooling waterway structures against typhoon and monsoon waves and the sheltering effect of breakwaters is efficient. However, as these waterways are not intended for navigation, the traditional layout of breakwaters may be unnecessary and too expensive. An attractive alternative is presented herein. 1. Vice President, Taiwan Power Company, Retired since August 1, 1984 and presently Senior Adviser of Sinotech Engineering Consultants, Inc. R.O.C. 2. Dr. Eng. Professor, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, R.O.C. 3. Dr. Eng. Associate Professor and Director of Tainan Hydraulics Laboratory, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, R.O.C.


One of the main objectives of factor analysis is to reduce the number of parameters. The number of parameters in the original model is equal to the number of unique elements in the covariance matrix. The study compared ordinary least square and maximum likelihood method of extraction of factor analysis under two approaches such that the variables employed were assumed to be independent of error i.e endogeneity assumption in the first approach while the endogeneity assumption is violated by omitting the important variable HLT in the second approach. The result showed that the extracted factors under the violation of endogeneity has similar factors loading pattern which accounted for a great deal of variance and the factors do a good job of representing the original data and the Bayesian information criterion also showed that the maximum likelihood method of extraction slightly outperforms ordinary least square.


We investigated the effect of an ultra-thin AlN/GaN superlattice interlayer (SL IL) on the GaN epilayer grown on Si(110) substrates by metal–organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). It is found that microcracks (MCs) are self-generated in the SL IL region, which depend on the thickness of the SL IL. The MCs influence the characteristics of the GaN epilayers grown on the SL IL, such as surface morphologies, strain and structural qualities. Furthermore, different MC configurations depending on the SL IL thickness are observed, which imply the controllability of MC generation. Understanding of the mechanism and the optimization of the SL IL structure make it possible to grow crack-free high-quality GaN films on Si substrates for optical and electronic device applications.


The development of advanced techniques as Intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) are characterized by their numerous steep dose gradient using the dynamic MLC modality and these requires specific quality assurance (QA) to meet this complexity. The conventional dosimetery techniques, such as ionization chamber, point dose measurements and film dosimetry, are gradually being replaced by detector arrays which can produce accurate results immediately. There are many commercial detector arrays one of them is 2D-ARRAY seven29 (PTW, Freiburg, Germany). We used the Octavius 4 D measuring system with its detector array, ionization chamber. The accuracy of the synchronizing motion of the phantom was validated. It was found that the detector array response is stable after warming up with 800 MU, the dose rate measurements and the dose response is linear with R2=0.929. The gamma index for the clinical IMRT plans were found to be 93.3%, 98.0 %, 95.5% and 96.2% for head and neck, prostate, breast and brain cases, and for VMAT plans are 96.3%, 99.4 %, 98.1% and 98.6% for head and neck, prostate, breast and brain, respectively, using gamma criteria 3%/3 mm. The aim of this work is to characterize and validate the Octavius 4D measuring system for 6MV beams. Also, to verify clinical IMRT and VMAT plans, the volumetric dose matrix of the clinical plans, dose line profiles and to study the factors affect the gamma index.


While the saving environment has become more complex in recent years, so has the demand for individual activity. Important impetuses include financial deregulation, globalization, technological cha ...


The present invention, pull the collet chuck, a clamping and releasing device for clamping a tool (16) such as a mandrel (1), without radial stress, and the clamping device (17) and the collet chuck base (31) thread segment such that, without receiving a load lacking balanced, the lock nut (17), a torque about the device that can communicate concentrically clamping device such as a clamping screw. In a preferred embodiment, the device (1) is a widely used, a particularly simple design, which is quickly adaptable to each of the clamping tool (16).


This study aims to find the application of scientific approach in Biology's learning in X and XI grade of MAN 1 Medan. A descriptive qualitative research design was used in this study. There were 6 classes that chosen as the samples by applying cluster sampling, namely X MIA 5, X MIA 6, X MIA 8, XI MIA 1, XI MIA 2, and XI MIA 5. The used instrument was observation sheet of teacher's and students' learning activities. Research Data was the record of learning activities in X MIA 5, X MIA 6, X MIA 8, XI MIA 1, XI MIA 2, and XI MIA 5. The data were analyzed by analysis sheet that adopted from learning observation sheet according to Permendikbud No. 22 on year 2016 about the standard process of primary and secondary education. The result showed that Biology's learning in Class X and XI MAN 1 Medan had been used scientific approach generally. Score of scientific approach application in Biology Learning MAN 1 Medan for observation activity 100%, asking activity 66,7%, experimenting activity 66,7%, assosiating activity 58,3% and communicating activity 66,7%. The activity that dominantly done by the students was observing, meanwhile associating was the activity that rarely done. Teacher has used the varied learning media for done observing activity. Teacher did not provide the student worksheet activity in observing process. Student asked some questions that not suitable with the observed topic. Teacher helped some students in asking activity. Teacher did not use the another handbook, just use the book that used by student.


Rapid construction and development activities in large urban areas have significantly impacted land use and land cover (LULC). They have brought great pressure to urban sustainable development. Current studies have shown that changes in LULC structure significantly affect regional ecosystem service functions but lack the sufficient scientific basis to provide reasonable strategies for the future development of urban areas. Based on land use and related data for the Wuhan metropolitan area (WMA) in 2000, 2010, and 2020, in this study, we construct a land use and ecosystem service value (ESV) simulation method based on a coupled PLUS-GMOP (patch generation land use simulation and grey multi-objective optimization) model and find that the changes in LULC structure from 2000 to 2020 are mainly reflected in the decrease in farmland and water area and the increase in built-up land, which are spatially reflected in Wuhan city center and other surrounding urban centers. The ESV also exhibits a slight increase and then a significant decrease, and a consistent overall pattern of high in the west and low in the east. By presupposing three scenarios for 2030 (ND, natural development; EFD, ecological first development; EECD, ecological and economic coordinated development), the analysis shows that although the ecological service value is still decreasing, the EECD scenario achieves a relatively high economic value (+90.134 billion yuan) by losing less ecological service value (0.27 million yuan) than EFD, which is the development model advocated in this study. The PLUS-GMOP coupling model proposed in this study provides a scientific reference for coordinating regional economic development and ecological protection in large cities, and provides a new technical path for metropolitan area sustainable development and planning.


The internet as a medium for conducting experiments could potentially be all that social scientists have ever dreamt of. It has global reach, is fully malleable as a virtual space, and allows for unobtrusive observation of every detail of the participants online interactions. Yet, even though several researchers already make fruitful use of online experiments, the majority do not. Are they standing back for good reasons, or do they misjudge the great potential of this relatively new medium?


In allusion to the project of Jigang 20000m\+3/h air seperator, the project optimization was made by technicalandeconomic ways, the necessary environment analysis and market forecast and comparing by multiways were emphasized


This study focused on font type and weight and we examined their effects on the readability of long texts in VR. In the experiment, we changed the font weight of three font types, Gothic, Mincho and Antigothic, to evaluate the readability of text with a length of 600 characters. Our results showed a tendency for Antigothic to be more readable and less fatiguing than Mincho and Gothic.


The occurrence of deformity of the inter-nostril epidermis was examined in artificially raised Japanese Spanish mackerel Scomberomorus niphonius juveniles. Samples that reared at the National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea contained 9.9% specimens with deformed nostril. These larvae ate the yolk sac larvae of black sea bream from first-feeding stage. This fact indicates that the deformity of the inter-nostril epidermis in this species occurred irrespective of the existence of rotifers and/or Artemia salina larvae.


The University of Georgia, a unit of the University System of Georgia. The University of Georgia is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action institution. The University does not discriminate with respect to employment or admission on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, sex, handicap or veteran status. If you have a disability and need assistance in order to obtain this fact sheet in an alternate format, please contact the College of Family and Consumer Sciences at (706) 542-7566. PART OF THE "BETTER BRAINS FOR BABIES" COLLABORATION


Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of color echocardiogram in noncompaction of ventricularmyocardium(NVM).Methods Use the multiple facets scan for the 16 patients by two-dimensional,M-mode and Doppler echocardiography with GE vivid 7 color echocardiography machine.Results In all 16 patients,prominent,excessive myocardial trabeculations and deep intratrabecular recesses in the affected ventricular cavity were presentes in echocardiogram,low speed blood flow between deep intertrabecular recess and heart cavity was showed by color doppler.The compacted epicardial myocardium became thinning gradually from the base of the ventricle toward the apex,the non-compacted myocardium close to endocardium were extremely thickened.Thirteen cases involved left ventricular,1 involved right ventricular,and 2 involved both left and right ventricular.Conclusions NVM has the manifestation of characteristics ultrasonography which can be diagnosed at the stage of no obvious symptom in the color echocardiogram,so color echocardiogram is a preferred examination method in diagnosis of NVM.

Key words:
Noncompaction of ventricular myocardium;  Color echocardiogram


Cationic cellulose was synthesized by using bagasse bleached kraft pulp and 3-chloro-2-hydroxy propyl trimethyl ammonium chloride(CHPTMA) as raw material and using microwave heating.The optimal synthesis conditions were determined: quality ratio of etherifying agent and cellulose 0.45,quality ratio of NaOH and etherifying agent 4.45,microwave heating time 9 minutes,microwave power 400 W,water content of the system 60%.The substitution degree of the resultant bagasse cationic cellulose is 0.193,and Zeta potential is 25.6 mV.The infrared spectra proves that this method can synthesise the cellulose containing cationic functional group.


This article reports on a novel route to develop ethylene–propylene–diene rubber (EPDM)/montmorillonite nanocomposites Modification of the MMT was carried out with maleic anhydride (MA), which acts as the intercalation agent for MMT and the vulcanizing agent for EPDM matrix, as well as the compatibilizer for the EPDM and MMT phases. The effect of MA-modified MMT in nanocomposites was investigated by focusing on three major aspects: structural analysis, thermal properties, and material properties. The d-spacings of both the MA modified MMT and exfoliated nanocomposites were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the morphology of these nanocomposites was examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Dynamic mechanical analysis confirms the constraint effect of exfoliated MMT layers on EPDM chains, which benefited the increased storage modulus, increased glass transition temperature. Thermogravimetric analysis indicates that there is some enhancement in degradation behavior between the nanocomposites and EPDM matrix. The nanocomposites exhibit great improvement in tensile strength and modulus, as well as elongation-at-break. The effects of MA addition on the formation of nano-metric reinforcement and on the mechanical properties of nanocomposites are discussed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 2578–2585, 2006


Through December 2019, novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia (COVID-19) was reported in Wuhan and has since rapidly spread throughout China. Hodgkin lymphoma represents a heterogeneous hematological malignancy, which is characterized by immunosuppression. There are no clearly defined risk factors for the development of this disease and the cause of remains unknown. Factors shown to be associated with Hodgkin include familial factors, viral exposures, and immune suppression. An electronic search was performed to identify all studies reporting on the management of Hodgkin lymphoma patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. The PubMed/MEDLINE database was searched on October 30th, 2019, to January 30th. 2022. The search strategy was SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19 and Hodgkin lymphoma. We aimed to clarify the clinical outcome of COVID-19 in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma through systematic review and meta-analysis.


1. Introduction. In a joint paper with Leighton (2), the author considered quadratic functionals of the type 1.1 (0 < a < b) in which x = 0 is a singular point of the functional which is otherwise regular on [0, b]. The hypothesis on a regular functional includes the assumption that r is continuous and positive on a closed interval [0, b].


Study of microstructure transformation and microhardness changes of dispersion-hardened V–Cr–Zr–W alloy after severe plastic deformation by torsion on Bridgman anvils and subsequent heat treatments was conducted. Basic stages of relaxation processes were revealed: at 800°C recovery processes take place and primary recrystallization begins; at 900°C primary recrystallization intensifies; in range of 950–1050°C collective recrystallization processes activate; at 1200°C secondary recrystallization starts. Microhardness measurement and comparison of its values with structural states features were conducted. Strengthening mechanisms and their contribution at various stages of defect substructure relaxation are discussed. It is shown that increase of thermal stability of V–Cr–Zr–W alloy microstructure is a consequence of the formation of high density of thermally stable Zr (O–N–C)-based nanoparticles.


Objecive:To summarize the experience of diagnosis and treatment of testicular torsion and spermatic cord torsion. Methods:The clinical data of 18 cases of testicular torsion and spermatic cord torsion were summarizd and analyzed retrospectively.Mean age of the patients was 20.5 years,with 78% of which occurring in patients younger than 25 years and 67% in the left side,the elapse of time from onset to a definite diagnosis was 5h-2w.Results:The initial diagnosis of 14 cases were misdiagnosed. Surgical examination was carried out in 18 cases,resection of the testis and epididymis was performed in 13 cases.Conclusion: The color doppler flow imaging (CDFI) is the reliable method for the early diagnosis of torsion of the spermatic cord. Surgical examination of the scortum is the best option for the improvement of survival rate of testicle.


Main objective of the present study is to determine the statistical properties and suitable probability distribution functions of spectral displacements from nonlinear static and nonlinear dynamic analysis within the frame work of Monte Carlo simulation for typical low rise and high rise RC framed buildings located in zone III and zone V and designed as per Indian seismic codes. Probabilistic analysis of spectral displacement is useful for strength assessment and loss estimation. To the author`s knowledge, no study is reported in literature on comparison of spectral displacement including the uncertainties in capacity and demand in Indian context. In the present study, uncertainties in capacity of the building is modeled by choosing cross sectional dimensions of beams and columns, density and compressive strength of concrete, yield strength and elastic modulus of steel and, live load as random variables. Uncertainty in demand is modeled by choosing peak ground acceleration (PGA) as a random variable. Nonlinear static analysis (NSA) and nonlinear dynamic analysis (NDA) are carried out for typical low rise and high rise reinforced concrete framed buildings using IDARC 2D computer program with the random sample input parameters. Statistical properties are obtained for spectral displacements corresponding to performance point from NSA and maximum absolute roof displacement from NDA and suitable probability distribution functions viz., normal, Weibull, lognormal are examined for goodness-of-fit. From the hypothesis test for goodness-of-fit, lognormal function is found to be suitable to represent the statistical variation of spectral displacement obtained from NSA and NDA.


This article deals with an approach for managing scheduling in semiconductor manufacturing facilities. The proposed approach ensures consistency between global and local scheduling decisions, by ensuring that global objectives are met through dynamic adaptation of the local behavior. This approach is validated by simulation. After describing the context and the framework of the approach, we introduce the formalism and present first simulation results obtained on real data of the fab of STMicroelectronics, Rousset. The experimental tests are promising since substantial improvements are obtained on criteria such as cycle time, number of completed lots, etc.


A nine-year-old, female Shih Tzu dog was referred to Chonnam National University Veterinary Teach - ing Hospital with a non-weight bearing lameness, pain in the right forelimb, increased appetite, and dermatological changes. A complete transverse fracture of the right ulnar trochlear notch was detected on survey radiographs. Cushing's disease was diagnosed using the adrenocorticotropic hormone test. The fracture site was repaired using an intramedullary (IM) pin, a 2.0 miniplate and screws, and 1 mg of bone forming peptide-1 (BFP-1) was applied to the fracture site. Post-operative radiographs were performed immediately, and at two and 17 weeks after the first surgery. After the first surgery, the patient fell from the bed, and the IM pin was broken. Thus, a second surgery was performed, and the broken IM pin was removed. To stimulate bone healing, we applied Matrigel containing 3 mg of BFP-1 to the fracture site 20 weeks after the first surgery. A narrowed fracture gap was seen radiographi - cally three weeks after the second surgery, and a hard callus was observed on the cranial fracture line at eight weeks. Bone mineral density at the fracture site increased at 16 weeks. Gradual fracture healing was observed on radiographs over the 35 week period following the second surgery.


Many beginners workers in the manufacture of welded construction connections that often don't pay attention to strong current sare used so that the quality of the weld to be less good. To there search on the welding current to determine how much influence the flow of heat from the variation of the electric welding on the Brinell hardness of low carbon steel(St37) which in welding using electrodes Kobe Steel Rb26 O2.6mm. Kind of research is experimental research, in which the test results obtained through direct experiments to test object (specimen). So in this study the data obtained through the Brinell hardness test results on specimens that have undergone welding roses, followed by observation and analysis of data obtained from Brinell hardness testing in the laboratory. Welding process specimens was performed by using varying currents are: 60 A, 70 A, 80 A, 90A, and 100 A. While the hardness testing performed on three test points, namely: basic metals, HAZ regions, and the weld line for each specimen. Result of this research showed results St37 Low carbon steel welding electrodes using Rb 26 O 2.6 mm Kobe Steel's brand by using larger currents have a Brinell hardness levels lower, and instead use a smaller stream has a Brinell hardness higher. This is because the heat provided by each different currents, and the heat can alter the mechanical properties of the material in the weld. Results of this study also showed that of the three point test, the weld line has the highest hardness values and base metals have the lowest hardness value. Keywords : Variation, welding current, Violence


Given the limitations of existing "prediction models" regarding recidivism among juvenile offenders, psychosocial variables were added to background variables to investigate the contributions of these factors to the prediction of recidivism. Psychosocial variables included alcohol abuse, depression, levels of parent and peer attachment, and personality traits.The participants for the present study were 299 adolescent males incarcerated from July 1998 to July 1999 in a midwestern correctional facility. Follow-up data on recidivists were collected in 1999—2000, 2000—2001, and 2001—2002. Findings differentiating recidivists from nonrecidivists were consistent with earlier studies regarding age at first commitment and parole violation. Personality variables such as cognitive structure and succorance (Personality Research Form; Jackson, 1989) improved the prediction of recidivism, even with age of commitment, educational achievement, and measures of psychopathology accounted for. Continued efforts to improve the validity of prediction models are recommended, particularly by considering psychosocial and postrelease-related variables in addition to background and educational factors.


3D point cloud analysis of imagery collected by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) has been shown to be a valuable tool for estimation of crop phenotypic traits, such as plant height, in several species. Spatial information about these phenotypic traits can be used to derive information about other important crop characteristics, such as fresh biomass yield, which cannot be derived directly from the point clouds. Previous approaches have often only considered single date measurements using a single point cloud derived metric for the respective trait. Furthermore, most of the studies focused on plant species with a homogenous canopy surface. The aim of this study was to assess the applicability of UAV imagery for capturing crop height information of three vegetable crops: eggplant, tomato, and cabbage with a complex vegetation canopy surface during a complete crop growth cycle to infer crop biomass. Additionally, the effect of crop development stage on the relationship between estimated crop height and field measured crop height was examined. Our study was conducted in a multi-factorial experiment at the University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK campus, Bengaluru, India. For all crops, crop height and the biomass were measured at five dates during one crop growth cycle between February and May 2017 (average crop height was 42.5, 35.5, and 16.0 cm for eggplant, tomato, and cabbage). Using a structure from motion approach, a 3D point cloud was created for each crop and sampling date. In total, 14 crop height metrics were extracted from the point clouds. Machine learning methods were used to create prediction models for vegetable crop height. The study demonstrates that the monitoring of crop height using an UAV during an entire growing period can result in detailed and precise estimates of crop height and biomass for all three crops (R2 ranging from 0.87 to 0.97, bias ranging from −0.66 to 0.45 cm). The effect of crop development stage on the predicted crop height was found to be substantial (e.g., median deviation increased from 1% to 20% for eggplant) influencing the strength and consistency of the relationship between point cloud metrics and crop height estimates and, thus, should be further investigated. Altogether the results of the study demonstrate that point cloud generated from UAV-based RGB imagery can be used to effectively measure vegetable crop biomass in


Understanding the ecology and evolution of influenza A viruses (IAV) in mammalian hosts is critical to reduce disease burden in production animals and lower zoonotic infection risk in humans. Recent advances in influenza surveillance in US swine populations allow for timely epidemiological, phylogenetic, and virological analyses that monitor emergence of novel viruses and assess changes in viral population dynamics.


The article covers the problems of the publication of Anna Akhmatova"s "Poem without a Hero", not finished and not published entirely during the author"s life. As a result of the absence of the text, which shows the author"s last will, the necessity to establish the critical text of "Poem without a Hero" is proved and, in addition, a set of positions, which are obligatory to take into consideration while establishing the unified text for different types of publications, is suggested.


Mr Zhu Shaohou is a famous expert on the study of Qin and Han dynasties in China. He has made a lot of a-chievements in many fields, such as in the land system and rank relation, the system of granting noble by military merit, the study of Bamboo Slips and Wooden Tablets in Qin and Han dynasties, etc. Especially in the aspect on the system of granting noble title by military merit, he traced its development from begnining to the end, revealed its value in economy and politics, its effect and place in history.


Sustainable development of the global energy sector requires a transition from fossil fuels to renewable energies. Considering the continuously increasing energy demand, effective utilization of intermittent output from the renewable sources will depend on the efficiency of energy storage and utilization processes. Low chemical complexity and high energy density and efficiency make hydrogen produced via proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) a prominent solution for the mentioned challenges.
 Acidic conditions and high potentials at the anode side of PEM water electrolyzers, where the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) takes place, demand for materials with high catalytic activity and corrosion stability. The state-of-the-art platinum and iridium (oxide) catalysts in the cathode and anode catalyst layers (CLs), respectively, demonstrate relatively good activity and stability during steady operation at low and moderate electrical loads. Indeed, it is anticipated that a significant decrease in the noble metal amount may be achieved without sacrificing the cell performance [1]. An intermittent operation of PEMWE, however, represents a considerable risk factor as both CLs may degrade with time. The extent of such degradation, especially at low catalyst loadings and high current densities, alternated with numerous off cycles is still not well understood and hence, difficult to predict and mitigate.
 Recent results from our group indicate a severe discrepancy between OER catalyst dissolution in aqueous model systems (AMS) and membrane electrode assemblies (MEA), with the main reasons being a suggested discrepancy between estimated and real pH in MEA and stabilization occurring over time [2]. In this work, CLs degradation during dynamic electrolyzer operation in a specially designed PEMWE test station was studied via ex-situ inductively coupled mass spectrometry analysis (ICP-MS) and its influence on the cell's overall performance was analyzed. The S number, a new metric for OER catalyst lifetime estimation [3], was also used to compare catalyst stability properties within the two systems.

 References:

 Bernt, A. Siebel, H. Gasteiger, J. Electrochem. Soc. 165 (5), F305-F314 (2018)

 Knöppel, M. Möckl, D. Escalera-Lopez, K. Stojanovski, M. Bierling, T. Böhm, S, Thiele, M. Rzepka, S. Cherevko, Nat. Commun. 12, 2231 (2021)

 Geiger, O. Kasian, M. Ledendecker, E. Pizzutilo, A. M. Mingers, W. T. Fu, O. Diaz-Morales, Z. Li, T. Oellers, L. Fruchter, A. Ludwig, K. J. J. Mayrhofer, M. T. M. Koper, Serhiy Cherevko, Nat. Cat. 1, 508 (2018)

 Figure 1. Longterm stability of IrOx in AMS and MEA environment. a) Loading-normalized total dissolved iridium amount at current densities of 0.2 A mgIr
 -1 and 2 A mgIr
 -1 in AMS and MEA respectively; b) S-numbers calculated from the amount of dissolved iridium.

 Figure 1


The inhomogeneous microstructure and its change by annealing for an AlSi10Mg lattice structure with a body-centered cubic unit cell additively manufactured via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) were investigated. The as-built lattice structure exhibited a cellular microstructure consisting of a number of primary α-Al phases decorated with α-Al/Si eutectic structure. The developed microstructure varied depending on the locations of the node and strut parts of the lattice structure. At the location near the bottom surface of the node part, the cellular microstructure became coarser and more equiaxed than those at the location near the top surface. At the location near the bottom surface of the strut part, the columnar α-Al phases were often elongated along the direction of the strut part. After the annealing at 300 °C for 2 h, numerous Si particles finely precipitated within the primary α-Al phases and coarsening of the eutectic Si phases occurred. After the annealing at 530 °C for 6 h, the microstructural characteristics changed significantly. A significant coarsening of the Si particles and the formation of Fe-containing intermetallic phase (β-AlFeSi) with a plate-shaped morphology occurred. The microstructures became homogeneous in the whole area of the lattice structure annealed at 530 °C for 6 h.


The kinetics of hydrogen (H/D) exchange between Bronsted acid sites of zeolite H-ZSM-5 and deuterated n-butanes (n-butane-d10 and n-butane-1,1,1,4,4,4-d6) has been monitored by 1H magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy in situ within the temperature range of 423−448 K. The initial part of the kinetics is defined mainly by the hydrogen exchange, whereas the final part is strongly influenced by the chemical transformation of the alkane. Analysis of the initial part has been performed on the basis of consecutive, parallel, and cyclic kinetic schemes of the H/D exchange. It has been found that both the methyl and methylene groups of n-butane are directly involved in the exchange with acidic SiOHAl groups of the zeolite. No intramolecular hydrogen exchange between the methyl and the methylene groups of the adsorbed n-butane has been detected. Similar rates of the direct exchange of either the methyl or methylene group with acidic SiOHAl groups and the apparent activation energy of 108 kJ mol−1 are rationa...


I hold that endometritis would nothave occurred in the great majority of cases, had not the flexion previously existed. A patient at the present moment under treatment in the Rotunda Hospital is a good illustration of the truth of the foregoing statement. Mrs. -, aged 30, married ten years, has never become pregnant. She enjoyed perfect health up to and for some time subsequent to marriage; but within a fewmonths after marriage, she began to suffer discomfort, and then actual pain, at each menstrual period. As time passed on, she became worse and worse, till her sufferings became so severe that she sought relief, and was admitted into the auxiliary hospital. On examination, the uterus was found to be markedly flexed ; the sound penetrated with ease, but on its point touching the fundus the patient complained of severe pain. The uterus measured nearly three inches in depth ; and a bimanual examination, which was easily made, also proved that the fundus was much enlarged. Doubtless, I shall not have any opportunity of proving, by a post moitem examination, that dilatation of the cavity of the uterus existed in this case ; nevertheless, I am quite satisfied that I am dealing with a case of congenital anteflexion of the uterus, in which chronic endometritis of long standing has resulted in bringing about hypertrophy of the uterine wall, with dilatation of its cavity. I have already, at page I 89, sixth edition, of my Clintical Lectzi;es, published my view of the "pathology and causation" of this affection. It is to this effect: that it occurs in women in whom either the cervical canal is contracted and the cervix conical, or in whom congenital anteflexion exists; that, before marriage, neither of these conditions has sufficed to cause any difficulty in the exit of the menstrual discharge, but that, under the influence of the excitement caused by sexual intercourse, a greater quantity of blood has been determined towards the uterus and ovaries; the mucous membrane lining the cavity becomes more swollen than previously, and a somewhat increased amount of blood is, at the menstrual period, secreted from its surface. The swollen condition of the mucous membrane at the os internum makes the originally narrow passage still smaller ; the menstrual flow is retarded ; and, as a result, small clots form, they plug the orifice, and are expelled with pain. Relief for a time may be obtained, but the same process recurs over and over again; and, in time, permanent irritation of the intra-uterine mucous membrane is excited, chronic endometritis is set up, and the cavity of the uterus now always contains a quantity of viscid mucus which slowly exudes. In some cases, by pressing up the end of the speculum, this can be forced out. In the end there is permanent dilatation of the uterine cavity, with hypertrophy, in many cases, of the uterine wall, while the constitution at large suffers seriously. I do not wish to prolong this paper, and therefore omit all reference to many debatable points raised by Dr. Herman; but I must protest against the treatment of congenital anteflexion by pessaries of any kind. They seldom, if ever, do any good; at most, they give for a time some trifling relief by supporting the enlarged fundus. At the present moment, I have a lady under my care, married some years and sterile, who has worn a cradle-pessary for fourteen months, and she tells me she has not benefited in the least. Her case is identical with the one just related, only she is but three years married. There is but one way of curing these cases ; not by attempting to straighten the uterus, for that is impossible, but by division of the cervix so as to give free exit to the viscid contents of the uterus ; and then treating the unhealthy intra-uterine mucous membrane. This latter proceeding in sterile women, or in virgins, is useless till a free exit is secured for the tenacious mucus during the intermenstrual period, as well as for the menstrual discharge. In virgins, in whom dysmenorrhcea occurs as a consequence of congenital anteflexion, the course of the disease is the same; only the endometritis in them is induced by exposure to cold, prolonged fatigue, whether in dancing and riding amoisg the upper classes, or among shopassistants, dressmakers, etc., by excessive fatigue, bad air, insufficient food, etc. The treatment must be the same. Of course, I lay stress on general medical treatment as well, but this will prove useless unless the local disease be cured.


Shockley-Read-Hall recombination kinetics has been applied to explain the luminescence mechanism of erbium luminescence in silicon. Erbium atoms in silicon have been considered as recombination centers with specific values of capture and emission coefficients. Electron-hole recombination through these levels has been considered to be the origin of erbium excitation. Equating the capture and emission processes of photo generated excess carriers in the erbium related level, luminescence profiles during rise-time and fall-time has been calculated. The extended rise of erbium luminescence after termination of short excitation pulses of micro second durations has been explained by the model. Key-words: Silicon, Luminescence, Erbium, excitation, Recombination.


Starburst galaxies, which are known as 'reservoirs' of high-energy cosmic-rays, can represent an important high-energy neutrino 'factory' contributing to the diffuse neutrino flux observed by IceCube. In this paper, we revisit the constraints affecting the neutrino and gamma-ray hadronuclear emissions from this class of astrophysical objects. In particular, we go beyond the standard prototype-based approach leading to a simple power-law neutrino flux, and investigate a more realistic model based on a data-driven blending of spectral indexes, thereby capturing the observed changes in the properties of individual emitters. We then perform a multi-messenger analysis considering the extragalactic gamma-ray background (EGB) measured by Fermi-LAT and different IceCube data samples: the 7.5-yr high-energy starting events (HESE) and the 6-yr high-energy cascade data. Along with starburst galaxies, we take into account the contributions from blazars and radio galaxies as well as the secondary gamma-rays from electromagnetic cascades. Remarkably, we find that, differently from the highly-constrained prototype scenario, the spectral index blending allows starburst galaxies to account for up to $40{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the HESE events at $95.4{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ CL, while satisfying the limit on the non-blazar EGB component. Moreover, values of $\mathcal {O}(100\, \mathrm{PeV})$ for the maximal energy of accelerated cosmic-rays by supernovae remnants inside the starburst are disfavoured in our scenario. In broad terms, our analysis points out that a better modelling of astrophysical sources could alleviate the tension between neutrino and gamma-ray data interpretation.


This article presents a meta-analysis of experimental and quasi-experimental studies in which intermediate and secondary students with learning disabilities were taught science content through the use of graphic organizers (GOs). Following an exhaustive search for studies meeting specified selection criteria, 23 standardized mean effect sizes were extracted from six articles involving 271 participants in grades 6 through 12. Findings included that, across immediate posttest and maintenance conditions, the use of GOs was associated with increased vocabulary knowledge and factual comprehension measured by researcher-generated multiple-choice tests in science. Conclusions, implications for future research, and practical recommendations are presented.


The immune system is regulated and maintained through apoptosis, a normal process in which cell populations are deleted in response to self‐recognition, failure to bind MHC, and cytokine/growth factor withdrawal. To facilitate detection of apoptosis, we have developed a multiplexed sandwich immunoassay for the Luminex® platform that permits the simultaneous detection of several important biomarkers, including cytochrome c (a protein that normally resides within the intermitochondrial space that is released to the cytosol in response to apoptotic stimuli), cleaved caspase‐3 [175/176] (an important reporter for initiator caspase activation), and cleaved poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) [214/215] (an important reporter for caspase‐3 activation). To demonstrate the utility of this system, the three analytes were profiled in cell fractions prepared from Jurkat cells that were treated with 1 μM staurosporine to induce apoptosis and untreated controls. Significant changes in the profiles of the three analytes were detected within two hours of applying the stimulus. Linearity of dilution experiments performed in the validation of this assay system yielded R2 values of 0.95 and higher.


The bauxite deposits occurring amidst the Eastern Ghats overlie either the Khondalite or Charnockite group of rocks. Their frequency, however, is more on the khondalitic rocks. Gibbsite constitutes the main aluminous mineral in both the cases. Goethite is ubiquitous in the residuum derived from charnockitic rocks while hematite occurs in larger proportions in the others. Salient contrasts in the residuum derived from either of the two major rock types of the Eastern Ghats are described and their possible implications surmised.


This article provides an overview of the prevalence of and risks for depression and anxiety among adolescents in the United States, evidence-based resources for evaluation of these young patients, and management options available when such conditions are identified in primary care settings.


The management of nasoethmoidal orbital injuries can be difficult. Clinical recognition and options for correction are diverse. Recently we treated several patients with limited facial injuries in which the nasoethmoidal complex "greensticks." Treatment with limited exposure and rigid fixation allows for adequate reduction. Clinical recognition and an outline for treatment of these limited injuries is presented.