Parental behavior of confined swamp rabbits ( Sylvilagus aquaticus ) was studied in a 2-acre enclosure and in four adjacent pens (23 by 48 feet). Observations were made from July 1964 to April 1966, on a breeding population numbering from 14 to 23 rabbits. Most of 47 active nests examined were built against or under fences, bases of trees, boards, lean-to shelters, and similar structures. Some nests were built a few days prior to parturition, but others apparently were built on the night of parturition. Females often built dummy nests, and about half as many dummy as active nests were found. Females littering on about the same date sometimes built nests close together. One closely-observed female lined her nest with fur immediately before, and nursed her young immediately after, parturition. Young were occasionally scattered at birth. Dawn and dusk appeared to be the favored times for nursing the young. Nursing periods were commonly 10 to 20 minutes long. When young were in the nest, the nursing female sat in front of the nest and rolled her body forward over the entrance; when the young were older, and out of the nest, she simply crouched on all four legs. By manipulation, milk could often be expressed from teats, but this was not a reliable indicator of nursing status or recency of parturition. Distress cries of young sometimes attracted the mother. Females made no effort to move their young to safety when high water flooded the nests. Strange young placed in nests were readily adopted. In spite of frequent human disturbance, only one nestling litter was abandoned. Males showed no parental interest.


The effect of decreasing dissolution rate of nickel oxide per unit surface area in acid solution with increasing prior annealing temperature (700–1450°C) has been shown to occur over a wide range of pH. The linear dependence of log (rate) on pH may be explained on a model of non-oxidative dissolution in which the pH variation changes the overpotential at the surface. Electron microscopy shows a different mode of attack at pH 200 fold) for all prior annealing temperatures but the oxide annealed at 1450°C is still the slowest to dissolve in the presence of cobaltic ions. This is believed to be because it has the lowest kink site density, the role of the Co3+ being hole injection into the p-type semiconductor at kink sites. The general conclusion of the work is that the supply of the majority carriers (the holes) may be rate limiting in the dissolution process.


The purpose of this paper is to analyze the main issues of environmental services regulation from a selection of South American countries, in order to set up strengths and weaknesses and to collaborate with feasible proposals for a sustainable management. Methodologically, we made a comparative analysis of "case studies", and used the documentary observational method. The qualitative data were secondary (written records, such as jurisprudence and regulations). We can conclude that there is a legal disparity in environmental services regulations from the selected countries of South America. This situation goes against the MERCOSUR spirit (where Argentina and Paraguay are members), which main objective is to standardize the environmental legal framework, according to Resolution N° 22/92 from the MERCOSUR Common Market Group. The same occurs with the countries from the Andean Community (Peru and Colombia).


Sweet banana peppers were transplanted 21 May near Benson, N. C. Treatment plots were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Plots consisted of single rows 10 ft long on 42-in centers. Foliar treatments were applied using a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer with a single hollow cone nozzle delivering 100 gal/acre at 40 lb/in2 Application dates were 30 June, 7, 14, 21, and 28 July, and 4, 11, and 18 Aug. Crown fruits were harvested 24 June. Subsequent harvests on 8 July and 23 Aug. were evaluated for European corn borer (ECB) and corn earworm (CEW) damage. ECB and CEW infestations did not occur until Aug. and were very light at this time. All treatments resulted in significantly less CEW but not ECB control when compared to the untreated check. No phytotoxicity was observed.


This study aims to investigate the response of growth and yield of cauliflower on the provision of Gliricidia Leaves Liquid Organic Fertilizer and to determine the concentration of Gliricidia Leaves Organic Liquid Fertilizer for the best growth and production of cauliflower. This research was conducted in experiment garden Faculty of Agriculture Baturaja University, located in the sub district Baturaja Timur. The research started since May to July 2015. Data was analyzed by using non factorial completely randomized design, with 5 treatments were repeated 5 times, in order to get 25 units of treatment. The treatment in this study was P0 = Control, P1 = POC Leaves of Gliricidia 15 ml / liter of water, P2 = POC Leaves of Gliricidia 25 ml / liter of water, P3 = POC Leaves of Gliricidia 35 ml / liter of water, P4 = POC Leaves of Gliricidia 45 ml / liter water. The results of this research was the giving Gliricidia Leaves Liquid Organic Fertilizer significantly affect the growth and production. Giving POC concentration of 45 ml / liter of water (P4) is the best treatment to improve the growth and yield of cauliflower. P4 treatment enhances growth of cauliflower interest at 12.86% and production by 135.22% if compared to P0 treatment, with the production of cauliflower as 10.38 tonnes per acre.


Blockchain technology has revolutionized the way transactions are conducted and verified in a decentralized manner. The performance analysis of Ethereum smart contract is crucial in understanding its limitations and potential for various applications. This study aimed to evaluate the gas cost of different sort algorithms and the impact of block size on the throughput of Ethereum network. The results showed that the gas cost of search algorithms such as quick sort and bubble sort varied significantly, with quick sort having a lower cost. Additionally, increasing the block size had a positive impact on the throughput of the Ethereum network, with a higher number of transactions processed per second. These findings provide valuable insights into the performance of Ethereum smart contracts and highlight the importance of considering gas cost and block size in the design and implementation of blockchain-based systems.


The heat transfer components and inner wall temp. profiles of a cylindrical, cryogenic glass dewar was studied as a function of the liq. $N_2$ level in the dewar. The study shows that the gas conduction heat transfer is further enhanced with the fall of liq. level in the dewar, due to increase in interspace gas pressure. A simple analysis based on R. J. Corruccini's (1959) gas conduction equation is presented for the explanation of the obsd. gas conduction heat transfer. The inner wall temps. are nearly linear, except in the regions close to the liquid surface.


A linear electric generator (LEG) comprising: an assembly (20) coil comprising sections N of induction coils (L1-L8) linearly arranged along a distance d1, the coils exhibit inductance and resistance along length; a magnetic assembly (30) of length d2, where d2 is smaller than d1; means (3, 5) to pass the magnetic field along assembly and on the induction coils arranged linearly while a small gap between the magnet assembly and coil, the passage of the magnetic assembly on a particular section of the coil is held causes the section including coil is excited so produces a voltage across the coils in that particular section; first and second output points to produce a voltage between these corresponding to the voltage generated through the coils due to the magnetic assembly passage; characterized in that: the sections N of induction coils serially end to end, and switching means (S1-S8) are coupled between the coils and the first and second output points connected for selectively coupling one coil sections in proximity near the magnetic assembly passage between the first and second output points, so the coil sections which are not in close proximity to the magnet assembly are shorted or electrically disconnected from the first and second output points so power losses are reduced and production efficiency is increased LEG power.


This chapter first addresses the capacity issue, exploring the difficulty of a U.S. court launching an inquiry into the nature of a foreign judiciary in the context of an adversarial proceeding. It then examines the under-inclusiveness issue, namely the possibility that courts in good systems do bad things. The chapter reviews how U.S. courts have handled challenges to the quality of foreign legal systems under the systemic standard. Even when doctrine and statutes have directed these courts to look at the quality of the system, they have concentrated on how the court in the prior proceeding behaved. These receiving courts have separated local conceptions of judicial propriety from the standards to which they hold foreign litigation. Finally, the chapter draws on judicial practice in an analogous but distinct area, namely forum non conveniens dismissals, to illuminate what U.S. courts should focus on when they review a prior foreign court proceeding. Keywords: foreign judgments; foreign legal systems; judicial capacity; systemic standard; U.S. court


Utilization of web-based Collaborative Virtual Environments (CVE) enhances user's interaction over large geographical distances. Deploying a variety of VR technologies increases demands to develop VR applications which would run on various systems and devices. Otherwise, user's access is limited by the supported operating system. Nowadays, concerning the quality and safety of web technologies, it is possible to provide Global Collaborative Virtual Environments (G-CVE) with cross-platform support. This paper introduces the LIRKIS G-CVE web-based system, built on top of the Networked-Aframe framework. The architecture of LIRKIS G-CVE is presented, together with is innovative Smart-client interface (SCI) component, which utilizes smart devices, such as smartphones and tablets, as input devices. The advantage of SCI over the standard input component of the Networked-Aframe is demonstrated via a series of experiments.


A process for selective removal of mercaptain from aviation turbine fuel feed includes mixing aviation turbine fuel feed with hydrogen, at a pressure in a range from 3 bar to 20 bar to obtain a reaction mixture. The reaction mixture is heated at a temperature range of 150° C. to 350° C. to obtain a heated mixture. The heated mixture is reacted with a hydrotreating catalyst in a rector to obtain a reactor effluent, and H2S gas is stripped from the reactor effluent to obtain a stripper bottom product. Moisture is removed from the stripper bottom prod uct to obtain aviation turbine fuel product having less than 10 ppm mercaptan. The aviation fuel product has improved properties such as color and acidity. Embodiments also relate to an aviation turbine fuel product having less than 10 ppm mercaptain prepared by the described process of the present invention.


Most IoT systems are using or exchanging user related information between system components. This means that privacy is a key factor in these systems. Privacy, both in terms of not allowing unauthorized access to information, but also in terms of handling sensitive information correctly and responsibly. As IoT systems typically are comprised of many software and hardware distributed components, ensuring privacy is a challenging task. This paper proposes a risk rating methodology for identifying and rating privacy risks, and demonstrates how to apply this methodology in an IoT use case set in the context of the EU H2020 BIG IoT project. It is also demonstrated how to handle the results of the risk rating methodology.


Corporeality and embodiment have been central and explicit themes in feminist theory for at least two decades, to the extent that references to 'the body' have attained a comfortable familiarity in many Ž elds of research. Through the work of writers such as Elizabeth Grosz, Moira Gatens and Rosalyn Diprose, 'corporeal feminism' has developed into a major force in feminist scholarship. Corporeal feminism retrieves the body from its conventional status as inert and passive matter, reŽ guring it as the source of subjectivity, knowledge and ethics. It necessarily involves a challenge to the natural sciences as the authorised knowledges of the body. As Elizabeth Grosz has argued, the body 'must be extricated from the biological and pseudo-naturalist appropriations from which it has historically suffered' if feminists are to develop alternative concepts of corporeality. This requires contesting not only the domination of the body by biology, but also contesting the terms of biology itself. The starting point for this article is recent work by feminist theorists which takes up the project of reŽ guring the biological. Rather than restricting the terms of feminist engagement with biology to contestation, however, recent critiques insist that a happily complicit engagement with biological functions and processes is also a crucial element of critical accounts of embodiment. Introducing a special issue of Australian Feminist Studies on feminism and science published in 1999, Elizabeth Wilson argues that feminist concern with the body has tended to follow conventional refusals of biological detail, viewing biological explanations as both politically dangerous and culturally insigniŽ cant. Despite its interest in the body, she argues, feminist analysis still presumes that the microstructure of the body does not contribute to the play of condensation and displacement that is routinely attributed to culture. Its theories of embodiment have proceeded 'as though the nature of biology is immaterial'. Where, she asks, are the feminist accounts of anorexia that pay attention to the digestive system, the accounts of anxiety and depression that are informed by neurology? Wilson's provocation and the work of other theorists such as Vicki Kirby4 has connected with our own nagging dissatisfaction with cultural accounts of particular bodily processes and experiences. Kirby points out that while it is glibly asserted in post-modern critique that language is an all-pervasive productive force, the conŽ nement of language to the cultural is not questioned. This leaves nature and the sciences which aim to know it outside the realm of interpretation, except as objects of cultural diagnosis, critique and correction. In response to this impasse, Kirby suggests the following insights:


Two cases of anterior urethral valves are reported in patients diagnosed during investigation for urinary tract infection. The valve could be demonstrated by a voiding cystourethrogram in one patient. Diagnosis was confirmed by cystourethroscopy in both patients. Radiological, urodynamic and endoscopic findings are presented. Both patients were treated successfully with transurethral valve ablation.


This paper studies Doppler spectra of the reflections from rain at different polarizations. Particularly, it presents results of Doppler-polarimetric radar signal modelling and real data processing that show correlation between Differential Doppler Velocity (DDV), which is the difference between mean Doppler velocities at horizontal and vertical polarizations, and parameters of rain including rain microstructure and turbulence in rain.


Critical thinking is essential for registered dietitian nutritionists (RDNs) to obtain and interpret data within the Nutrition Care Process Model, but critical thinking dispositions and skills have not been quantified previously in RDNs. This cross-sectional study used validated tools to describe critical thinking dispositions and skills of 78 RDNs. Results suggest that RDNs have relatively strong critical thinking skills but the study did not reach adequate power to make planned comparisons of critical thinking based on participant personal or professional characteristics. This study raises awareness of critical thinking definition and measurement to encourage additional participation in future research on this topic.


The invention relates to a lamp which comprises a daylight lamp holder and an LED lamp tube, wherein the daylight lamp holder is provided with a first terminal holder and a second terminal holder, the first terminal holder is electrically connected to a power supply; the LED lamp tube is arranged on the daylight lamp holder, one end of the LED lamp tube is provided with two first conductive terminals which are inserted into the first terminal holder, the LED lamp tube includes an LED module, the LED lamp tube also includes two second conductive terminals arranged at the other end of the LED module and inserted into a second terminal holder, the lamp also includes a power supply plug connected to an alternating current power supply, the lamp also includes two wires, one ends of the two wires are connected to the power supply plug, the other ends are connected to the first terminal holder and respectively electrically connected to the two first conductive terminals, and the lamp also includes other two wires, one ends are connected to the second terminal holder and respectively electrically connected to the second conductive terminals, and the other ends are electrically connected to the power supply plug.


Silurian rocks from borehole cores in the Baltic Basic were analyzed for Si, Al, Ti, Fe, Ca and Mg oxide content and chemical data were related to sedimentary environment, lithology and brachiopod community distribution. Evaluation of these relationships enables precise positioning of closely related communities within Boucot's (1975) brachiopod Benthic Assemblages. Preliminary attempts are made to evaluate climatic change based on Al/Ti oxide ratios.


In this work, Rossi-alpha measurements were simultaneously performed with a 3He-based detection system and an organic scintillator-based detection system. The assembly is 15 kg of plutonium (93 wt% 239Pu) reflected by copper and moderated by lead. The goal of Rossi-alpha measurements is to estimate the prompt neutron decay constant, alpha. Simulations estimate keff = 0:624 and α = 52:3 ± 2:5 ns for the measured assembly. The organic scintillator system estimated α = 47:4 ± 2:0 ns, having a 9.37% error (though the 1.09 standard deviation confidence intervals overlapped). The 3He system estimated α = 37 μs. The known slowing down time of the 3He system is 35-40 μs, which means the slowing down time dominates and obscures the prompt neutron decay constant. Subsequently, the organic scintillator system should be used for assemblies with alpha much less than 35 μs.


Franz Kafka's "Eine alltägliche Verwirrung" 'An Everyday Confusion' is a skeletal, or "poor," text in that one code of reading—the referential—dominates it, while other codes present in a classic, or "rich," text are almost absent. Using a method freely adapted from Roland Barthes's S/Z, my article closely examines the referentiality of Kafka's text, juxtaposing the proverbial (or common-language) response evoked by the text with the personal reactions of a single reader. Kafka's theme, the inability of common, proverbial language to make real communication possible, is allegorized in the brief tale of A and B, whose comings and goings are mirrored, and at times interfered with, by the language in which these events occur.


Abstract : An analysis is presented of the steady-state behavior of a half-wave magnetic amplifier under idealized conditions. The theoretical considerations are based on the following assumptions: (1) leakage fluxes are negligible; (2) the B-H relationship is a single-valued, step-shaped curve displaced to the left of the ordinate axis by an amount equal to the coercive force of the material; (3) the rectifier has infinite resistance to reverse current and a constant resistance to forward current; (4) the control current is a smooth dc current; (5) the minimum cyclic core flux is always greater than the flux at negative saturation; and (6) the eddy current loss is simulated by a fixed resistance connected across an additional winding which links the main core flux.


Brazil has a great diversity in its flora. Some native plants are considered unconventional food plants (PANC), and many are unknown or underutilized by the population, due to the lack of use in food. Among these plants is the ora-pro-nobis (Pereskia aculeata Miller), a developed leaf cactus, most used and known in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Studies point to its high nutritional value, rich in some minerals, proteins and fibers. This work aimed to insert this plant, dehydrated and ground, in the form of flour, replacing part of common white wheat flour in the preparation of bread. The result of the final product was bread with a good visual appearance of crust and crumb, with an aerated texture, color, odor and acceptable flavor. There was an important increase in protein (around 20%) and fiber content (around 333%), compared to white bread. In this way, the elaborated bread presented an increase in the nutritional value, compared to the bread elaborated only with wheat flour, especially of the nutrients fibers and proteins. Thus it is possible to increase the protein and fiber content in the diet of Brazilians, as shown by the results, as well as assist in the deficiency of these nutrients.


A bright fireball observed on 2020 November 7, over Scandinavia, produced the first iron meteorite with a well-determined pre-atmospheric trajectory. We calculated the orbit of this meteoroid and found that it demonstrates no close affinity with the orbit of any known asteroid. We found that the meteoroid (or its parent body) most probably entered the near-Earth orbit from the main asteroid belt via either ν 6 secular resonance with Saturn (89%) or 3:1 mean-motion resonance with Jupiter (11%). The long YORP timescale of the meteoroid suggests that it could have been produced in the main asteroid belt and survived the journey to the near-Earth orbit.


In some individuals with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD), freezing of gait episodes develops as the disease progresses. The neural mechanism underlying freezing in PD is poorly understood. Here, we report a 2‐year follow‐up on the novel discovery of prolonged step initiation duration as a potential marker of impending freezing.


In this paper we consider the problem of constructing graph Fourier transforms (GFTs) for directed graphs (digraphs), with a focus on developing multiple GFT designs that can capture different types of variation over the digraph node-domain. Specifically, for any given digraph we propose three GFT designs based on the polar decomposition. Our method is closely related to existing polar decomposition based GFT designs, but with added interpretability in the digraph node-domain. Each of our proposed digraph GFTs has a clear node domain variation interpretation, so that one or more of the GFTs can be used to extract different insights from available graph signals. We demonstrate the benefits of our approach experimentally using M-block cyclic graphs, showing that the diffusion of signals on the graph leads to changes in the spectrum obtained from our proposed GFTs, but cannot be observed with the conventional GFT definition.


Abstract 506

Background: In a majority of chronic myeloid leukemia patients treatment with imatinib (IM) induces durable hematologic, cytogenetic, and molecular responses, which in turn results in a dramatic improvement of progression-free survival. A new challenge for further optimizing the management of CML is to determine if treatment with TKIs such as IM could eventually cure the patients, particularly those with sustained undetectable disease, by reducing or eliminating the leukemic self-renewing cell (LSC) population thought to drive the disease. Given the challenges in directly assessing LSC burden in patients, we have applied mathematical modeling to molecular response data from patients on IM therapy to infer whether LSC levels can be reduced during IM treatment.

Methods: To conduct our study we have utilized 281 patients on the IM arm of the International Randomized Study of Interferon Versus STI571 (IRIS) trial (Drucker et al., NEJM, 2006; 355, 2408). The 281 patients maintained a 90% dose intensity over the course of treatment (up to 7 years) and had a sufficient number of PCR samples above the quantitation limit to support parameter estimation. We have modeled the Bcr-Abl/Bcr transcript ratio time course R(t) as a biexponential (R(t) = Aeαt + Beβt ) and estimated the model parameters for each patient using maximum likelihood methods. The parameter α < 0 describes the rapid initial decline in log10(R) upon treatment start while β describes the shallower slope of the subsequent log10(R) kinetics ([figure 1a][1]).

![Figure][2]

Figure 1a (left): illustration of alpha and beta slopes in a typical responsive patient

Figure 1b (right): distribution of beta slopes in the study population

Results: nearly every patient response trajectory (93%-263/281) was well-described by the bi-exponential model. The key parameter β, corresponding to the steady-state per-year reduction in log10 transcript levels, ranged from a minimum = -9.2, lower quartile = -1.1, median = -0.6, upper quartile = -0.2, maximum = 10.5 (see [figure 1b][1]). Approximately 21% (54/263) of patients had β>0, suggestive of molecular relapse, while 79% (209/263) have β<0, corresponding to continued transcript decline.

Discussion: The durable reduction in Bcr-Abl transcripts in the majority of patients has two possible interpretations: either LSCs are depleted at a rate β, or LSCs are not depleted but leukemic progenitor cells in the bone marrow have a median half-life of over one year in many patients. However, leukemic progenitor dynamics appear to occur at a time scale of months (Abe et al, Int J Hematol. 2008; 88, 471); thus a durable reduction in transcript level must correspond to a depletion of LSCs. Our hypothesis that IM induces LSC depletion is also consistent with the observation that 50% of patients maintain undetectable Bcr-Abl transcript levels upon treatment discontinuation (Guastafierro et al, Leukemia Res. 2009; 33, 1079).

Conclusions: Mathematical modeling which combines pathophysiologic principles of CML with 7-year molecular response data in individual patients predicts that most patients (∼79%) experience reduction in LSC burden while on sustained IM treatment. In the future, this modeling approach can be used to analyze data from patients who stop IM after achieving CMR in the context of carefully conducted clinical trials, with the goal of assessing (a) the potential impact of IM interruption on LSC levels, particularly in those patients who relapse upon stopping IM and then are re-induced, and (b) whether the probability of achieving cure depends on duration of CMR, the steepness of response prior to achieving CMR (β), and/or additional factors.

Disclosures: Stein: Novartis: Employment. Kalebic: Novartis: Employment. Bottino: Novartis: Employment.

 [1]: #F1
 [2]: pending:yes


Francis of Marchia (c. 1290-1344) is said to have challenged Aristotelian orthodoxy by uniting the celestial and terrestrial realms in a way that has important implications for the practice of natural philosophy. But this over-looks Marchia's vital distinction between bare potentiality, which is actualizable only by God, and natural potency, which is the concern of the natural philosopher. If due attention is paid to this distinction and to its implications, Marchia's position no longer seems to be revolutionary.


The nuclear-spin chemistry of interstellar water is investigated using the University of Grenoble Alpes Astrochemical Network (UGAN). This network includes reactions involving the different nuclear-spin states of the hydrides of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulphur, as well as their deuterated forms. Nuclear-spin selection rules are implemented within the scrambling hypothesis for reactions involving up to seven protons. The abundances and ortho-to-para ratios (OPRs) of gas-phase water and water ions (H2O+ and H3O+) are computed under the steady-state conditions representative of a dark molecular cloud and during the early phase of gravitational collapse of a pre-stellar core. The model incorporates the freezing of the molecules on to grains, simple grain surface chemistry, and cosmic ray induced and direct desorption of ices. The predicted OPRs are found to deviate significantly from both thermal and statistical values and to be independent of temperature below ∼30 K. The OPR of H2O is shown to lie between 1.5 and 2.6, depending on the spin state of H2, in good agreement with values derived in translucent clouds with relatively high extinction. In the pre-stellar core-collapse calculations, the OPR of H2O is shown to reach the statistical value of 3 in regions with severe depletion (nH > 107 cm−3). We conclude that a low water OPR (≲ 2.5) is consistent with gas-phase ion-neutral chemistry and reflects a gas with OPR(H2) ≲ 1. Available OPR measurements in protoplanetary discs and comets are finally discussed.


During the alt-azimuth telescope tracking, due to the frame structure of tracking support and relative movement of each mirror in Coude optical path, image plane is rotating. To eliminate the effects of image rotation for imaging and subsequent image processing, dove prism or K mirror are generally used. A set of K mirror system designed for 2m telescope. Affected by various errors in the alignment process, the rotating axis K, the optical axis of the K mirror, and the optical axis of the telescope's optical system can't be fully coincide. This causes the track optical axis drawn on the image is not a point, but a Pascal's limacon. The impact caused by the various sources of error were analyzed in this paper and simulation results have important guiding significance for the alignment error distribution.


were competing for a few top ratings, pitted team member against team member instead of encouraging them to work together. We believed that employees need to feel like winners. They need to have positive self-esteem and trust in the systems that affect them. Both employees and supervisors thought that the old system was subjective and biased and that expectations were not the same for all employees. In addition, we wanted to increase the focus


Gravitational waves (GWs) are useful to test gravitational theories and to probe the physics in the early universe. In this paper, we investigate the scalar induced gravitational waves (SIGWs) in symmetric teleparallel gravity with a parity-violating term. The presence of the parity-violating term leads to the velocity birefringence effect of the SIGWs. However, after taking into account the observational constraints on the speed of GWs, the contribution from the parity-violating term to SIGWs is negligible. Nevertheless, the contribution to SIGWs from the perturbations of the connection can be significant, and results in a multipeak structure in the energy density of SIGWs. This feature makes the symmetric teleparallel gravity distinguishable from the general relativity.


The acoustic velocity in marine sediments is one of the most important physical quantities in marine physics and underwater acoustic research. The accuracy of sound velocity measurement depends on the way of accurately measuring the ultrasonic propagation time in sediment medium. In order to overcome the shortcomings of the traditional method for waveform mutation observation, this paper illuminates the principle of wavelet transformation signal singularity detection based on the unique wavelet transformation time-frequency localization characteristics, and analyzes and discusses the way of using this principle to detect the ultrasonic echo signal starting point in sound velocity measurement in marine sediments. The recorded waveform data file is imported into the workspace by using the numerical calculation software Matlab, before choosing Db3 wavelet to conduct 5 layers of wavelet decomposition to observe the position of the maximum point, as well as using Gauss wavelet to do continuous wavelet transformation to observe the location of the maximum line of modulus. With two instances, the feasibility and superiority of utilizing wavelet transformation to detect ultrasonic echo starting point is verified, which can improve the accuracy of sound velocity measurement in marine sediments. This method provides technical support for developing submarine intelligent detecting equipment.


To explore the of occupational therapy for the cerebral palsied children was introduced.The assessment areas of occupational therapy and evaluational instruments commonly used.The last part gives the concrete treatment methods that occupational therapy usually adopts in practice,specially in the fields of training and developing the grass motor skills of the upper limbs,the fine motor skills of the hands and ADL skills of the children with cerebral palsy were also stated.


It is shown that the existence of the symplectic currents for the Maxwell, Einstein, Einstein–Maxwell, and Yang–Mills equations, can be derived from the invariance of the Lagrangian for the corresponding complexified linearized equations under multiplication of the field variables by a (global) phase factor.


Six hundred faecal samples and fifty five slaughtered/dead sheep were examined to determine the prevalence of platyhelminthes of sheep in Ganderbal district of Kashmir valley. Overall prevalence of platyhelminths was 32.36% with trematodes and cestodes in 20.91 and 15.26% animals respectively. Moniezia spp. was the most prevalent platyhelminth (12.82%) followed by Dicrocoelium spp. (11.45%), paramphistomes (6.56%), Fasciola spp. (5.34%), Stilesia spp. (3.20%) and Avitellina spp. (0.45%). Seasonal variation revealed non significantly higher infection during winter (39.26%) followed by spring (34.54%), summer (29.69%) and autumn (25.92%). Higher infection rate was recorded in adults (34.15%) and female sheep (33.99%) than lambs/hoggets (29.48%) and males (29.71%).


This paper tries to analyze the differential impact of two models of microfinance programmes viz., Non-government organization-led (NGO)-led and Government-led Self-help groups (SHGs) on socio-economic empowerment of the rural women between pre - and post-SHG period. Coimbatore (developed region) and Ramanathapuram (less developed region) districts in Tamil Nadu were selected for the study. Results revealed that there exist differences in the overall empowerment index between the less developed and developed regions under NGO-led SHGs, but no difference was observed under government-led SHGs in both regions. The variation in empowerment index under NGO-led SHGs might be due to the differential involvement of NGOs. An important policy relevant conclusion is that the microfinance programme has made stronger impact on socio-economic empowerment in the less developed region than in the developed region, probably because of low base level empowerment position in the less developed region across different linkage models. Hence, it is suggested that training be given to the members on awareness about education among children, self-confidence, communication and other skill development etc., and training may given for NGOs in order to enhance the role of SHGs by involving them in developmental programmes to have exposure on different developmental programmes.


To the Editor:— I read with interest the SPECIAL BOOK REVIEW by King entitled "William Harvey and the Circulation" ( 200 :961, 1967). It is conceivable that writers before Harvey alluded to this physiological phenomenon, as perhaps Moses Maimonides (1135-1204) in his Aphorisms. The Medical Aphorisms of Moses (Fusul Musa fi al tibb in Arabic; Pirke Moshe in Hebrew; Aphorismi Rabi Moysi in Latin) is the most voluminous of Maimonides' medical writings. This work is a presentation of a rich collection of medical rules and regulations, selected mainly from the abundant works of Galen and the latter's commentaries on Hippocrates. Maimonides takes issue with many of Galen's views in the most important 25th treatise of this book. Maimonides subdivides blood vessels into arteries, veins, and capillaries when he states, "Arteries in the entire body communicate with veins and interchange some blood and air through these anastamoses which are so narrow as


Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a serious disorder that can complicate pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases. Right atrial (RA) pressure is a robust predictor of the pulmonary hypertension severity, which is measured via right heart catheterization. Limited studies have been carried out to assess the association between electrocardiogram data and the RA pressure as a prognostic factor of PH. In this study, the relation between P wave and PR segment changes with RA pressure was evaluated.


We report total cross sections for single ionization and electron capture in H{sup +} collisions with water molecules at impact energies 25 keV<E<5 MeV. Calculations have been carried out by applying the independent-particle model and the eikonal-classical trajectory Monte Carlo (CTMC) method. We have also estimated fragmentation cross sections by multiplying the partial cross sections by the branching ratios measured in the photoionization experiments of Tan et al. [Chem. Phys. Lett. 29, 299 (1978)].


In this paper, a radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) based active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) scheme is proposed for continuous-time systems with unknown nonlinear dynamics and time-varying disturbance. By using RBFNN to online approximate the unknown nonlinear dynamics, a novel nonlinear extended state observer (ESO) is firstly designed to estimate the total disturbance consisting of time-varying external disturbance and RBFNN approximation error. Then, an anti-disturbance feedback control law together with a tracking differentiator is designed to counteract the total disturbance in a feedforward manner. The bounded convergence of the closed-loop system and ESO as well as the estimation errors of the weighting vector are rigorously analyzed based on the Lyapunov stability theory. A case study is carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness and merit of the proposed design, in contrast to the conventional ADRC.


The statistics of the fields scattered by nonlinear equipment in a reverberation chamber are investigated using both a Monte-Carlo simulation of a simple statistical model and measurements of real equipment. The probability distributions of the scattered fields of the second and third harmonic are predicted and compared to measurement. The implications of the results for the immunity assessment of digital hardware and harmonic cross-section measurements in reverberation chambers are discussed.


A hardware system for a laboratory-built desktop nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometer was constructed with a module design based on single-phase detection architecture. This spectrometer features an operating frequency of DC to 100 MHz, RF pulse power of 0.7244 mW to 1.2589 W, minimum detectable signal of 1.5136 × 10−10 mW, and receiver bandwidth of 20 kHz. Verification of the functional feasibility of NMR detection was implemented using a 30-mL custom probe in a 0.23-T magnetic field. A baseband free induction decay was also acquired through the application of an RF pulse at 1 W for 10 μs. The observed initial amplitude and frequency of the MR signal are 1.47 V and 1.25 kHz, respectively. Meanwhile, the effective transverse relaxation time ( ) for this configuration declines to no more than 15 ms because no shimming treatments were taken. The proposed desktop NMR spectrometer is suitable for building a hand-made NMR spectrometer in the laboratory, and enhances opportunities for novel and exciting NMR experiments.


We have investigated the transformations of colloidal Pd–Cu and Pt–Cu bimetallic alloy nanocrystals (NCs) supported on γ-Al2O3 when exposed to a sequence of oxidizing and then reducing atmospheres, in both cases at high temperature (350 °C). A combination of in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy was employed to probe the NC surface chemistry and structural/compositional variations in response to the different test conditions. Depending on the type of noble metal in the bimetallic NCs (whether Pd or Pt), different outcomes were observed. The oxidizing treatment on Pd–Cu NCs led to the formation of a PdCuO mixed oxide and PdO along with a minor fraction of CuOx species on the support. The same treatment on Pt–Cu NCs caused a complete dealloying between Pt and Cu, forming separate Pt NCs with a minor fraction of PtO NCs and CuOx species, the latter finely dispersed on the support. The reducing treatment that followed the oxidizing treatment largely restored the Pd–Cu alloy NCs, although with a residual fraction of CuOx species remaining. Similarly, Pt–Cu NCs were partially restored but with a large fraction of CuOx species still located on the support. Our results indicate that the noble metal present in the bimetallic Cu-based alloy NCs has a strong influence on the dealloying/migrations/realloying processes occurring under typical heterogeneous catalytic reactions, elucidating the structural/compositional variations of these NCs depending on the atmospheres to which they are exposed.


We present a novel method for solving ordinary differential equations (ODEs) while preserving all polynomial first integrals. The method is essentially a symplectic Runge-Kutta method applied to a reformulated version of the ODE under study and is illustrated through a number of examples including Hamiltonian ODEs, a Nambu system and the Toda Lattice. When applied to certain Hamiltonian ODEs, the proposed method yields the averaged vector field method as a special case.


In the wake of the United Nations' Agenda 2030 on sustainability, this study problematizes how conditions in multiple-deprived science classrooms are intricately connected to the sustainable development goals (SDGs). This narrative inquiry design research consisting of one participant, describes how the conditions of multiple-deprivation in science classrooms are influenced by, and in turn influence the achievement of, some of the SDGs. The narratives were contained in the reflections documented by a Bachelor of Education (BEd) preservice physical sciences teacher of his third- and fourth-year teaching practice experiences whilst conducting observations and teaching in multiple-deprived classrooms. The study was undergirded by education for sustainable development (ESD) and the SDGs as conceptual frameworks. The data collected were analysed through narrative data analysis techniques, revealing forms of deprivation in the science classroom which were driven by the SDGs related to poverty elimination, quality education, reduction of inequalities and social injustice, promotion of sustainable communities, and establishment of partnerships for goal attainment. The study findings show how the teaching and learning in multiple-deprived classrooms may pose as a challenge to the attainment of the SDGs, pointing out to some implications for practice.


The role and influence of esthetics in the consumption of store environments remains poorly understood. Little is known about how esthetics propose substantial or adjunctive roles in consumers' store experiences. The aim of this paper is to examine consumer perceptions of store design-architecture in high and low-level design contexts. Building on the esthetics, and environmental psychology literatures, our findings confirm consumers' determinations of perceptual differences in the esthetic content contained in presented store environmental stimuli. Latent means comparisons confirm consumers' perceptions of the presence of a high-level design in one fast-fashion store with a low-level design of a second store of the same retailer using a Confirmatory Factor Analysis. The results demonstrate the reliability and validity of the proposed constructs in confirming the presence of higher and low-levels of design. This research, thus, expands on the extant number of store specification and response constructs and prospectively opens up new lines of store environments research.


The purpose of this study was to assess the relatio nship between acute pulmonary injury induced by smkoe inhalation and levels of H A and LN. 40 rats were divided randomly into 5 groups,control group and experim ental groups of different length of time elapsed after smkoe inhalation. HA and LN in sera、bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)and lung tissue,as well as inf lammatory cells were determined; pulmonary pathgenic changes were detected by l ight and electron microscope. It was found that after smoke inhalation HA w as increased in sera and lung tissue with the peak values at 12h.The values in sera and lung tissue are 470.4±97.5μg/L and 697.5±115.1μg/L res pectively,while those of control groups are 186.4±31.5μg/L and. 202 .6±39.4μg/L respectively.HA in BALF was increased markedly at 18h, but L N of all groups showed no distinct change. Analysis of BALF showed the highest cell count at 12h,with neutral granulocytes as the main component. Increased H A might be used as an indicator of the acute pulmonary injury induced by smoke inhalation.


2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is a common herbicide that has been used in control of broadleaf weeds, wheat, corn, pastureland, lawn, recreational lakes, turf; and roadsides. Due to it excessive usage, these herbicides that contained 2,4-D can cause contamination over agricultural land and water bodies. Photocatalytic removal environmental pollutants such as herbicides has been a topic of great interest over the years 1. One of the most widely used materials for photocatalytic degradation of environmental pollutants is TiO,. A number of strategies have been developed in order to improve the catalytic activity of TiO, photocatalyst. In particular, it has been shown that transition metal oxides, such as copper oxide, are potential to enhance the photocatalytic activity of TiOl". In the present work:, a simple impregnation method was used to modify the commercial P25 TiD, nanoparticles with the copper oxide. The prepared samples were characterized by XRD, reflectance UVvisible and fluorescence spectroscopies. It was observed that the incorporation of copper oxide did not significantly affect the crystal structure of TiD,. On the other hand, the presence of copper oxide was confirmed by reflectance UV-visible and fluorescence spectroscopies. Figure I shows the photocatalytic removal of 2,4-D on bare TiD, and modified TiO,nanoparticles. It can be clearly shown that after I hour reaction, the photocatalytic activity of TiD, increased from 48 to 54% with the increase of copper oxide loading up to 0.5 mol%. Unfortunately, the higher loading amount of copper oxide resulted in the lower photocatalytic activity. When the loading amount was 5 mol%, the activity decreased to 26%. This result clearly suggested that the small amount of copper oxide, which was 0.5 mol%, was the optimum amount in this study to give the highest activity for the copper oxide supported on TiD, series. The higher photocatalytic activity would be originated from the lower electron-hole recombination.


In the North-East of the Moldavian Platform, the upper Badenian is composed of three lithologic units, on top of which there is Limestones and Marls with Lithothamnium Formation. At the level of this formation, the geological research conducted in four localities near the Prut Valley demonstrated, based on two new foraminifera genera identified in this area—Oolina and Velapertina—favorable conditions for the development of the stenohaline fauna, a marine shelf environment with warm water, as well as the certitude regarding the age of the late Badenian for these. These results were not previously reported in this area.


Contending that justice experiences at school transmit messages about the wider society and affects students' attitudes and behaviour, we investigated the effects of students' sense of distributive and (school) procedural justice on their sense of belonging to school and on their social and institutional trust. The study was carried out among about 5000 eighth and ninth graders in a national sample of 48 middle schools in Israel in the 2010–2011 school year. The two-level data—individual and school—were analyzed by HLM7 (Hierarchical Linear Model). Findings basically support our hypotheses: sense of distributive justice, especially, with regard to teachers'–students' relation positively affected students' sense of belonging and their trust in people and formal institutions; and school (aggregate) sense of procedural justice added to these positive effects. However, these attitudes were also dependent on sectorial affiliation (Jewish secular, Jewish religious, Arab), which explained a considerable portion of between-school variation in student attitudes.


A Distributed Constraint Optimization Problem (DCOP) is a fundamental problem that can formalize various applications related to multi-agent cooperation and is a popular framework for cooperative multi-agent decision making. Since it is NP-hard, considering faster incomplete algorithms is necessary for large-scale applications. Most incomplete algorithms generally do not provide any guarantees on the quality of solutions. Some notable exceptions are DALO, the bounded max-sum algorithm, and ADPOP. One of the incomplete algorithms, that working based on bounds on solution quality is k-size optimality, which creates local optimality groups of neighbor agents. Another incomplete algorithm is t-distance optimality which departs from k-size optimality by using graph distance for selecting groups of deviating agents. In t-distance optimality, quality bounds improve rather than bounds for k-size optimality. But unfortunately, both of these algorithms, has problem in their initialization phase, and initialize the variables' value in random or by zero. In this paper, we develop a new efficient asynchronous local search algorithm for finding both k-size and t-distance optimal solutions, that uses an intelligent initialization process. Indeed, empirical results show that this algorithm relatively outperforms the only two existing algorithms for finding general k-size and t-distance optimal solutions.


Temperature is the characteristic of the postharvest environment that has the greatest impact on the storage life of horticultural crops. Good temperature management is the most important and simplest procedure for delaying product deterioration. The Air Cargo Transportation Research Group, with the support and collaboration of Perisco Incorporated at the International Airport of Montreal at Mirabel, Canada, have been working on the development of new techniques to maintain the quality of perishable product transported by air. Even though there is still a lot of work to be performed in order to understand the effect of different parameters on the quality of the commodities during ground operation as well as in flight, this collaboration will provide to the air cargo industry significant development for the future.


A chemo-enzymatic approach to some 6″-O-(3-arylprop-2-enoyl) derivatives of the flavonol glucoside isoquercitrin (2a) was explored to overcome the inability to directly introduce these acyl moieties by an enzyme-catalyzed reaction of 2a with the corresponding activated esters. This new approach was based on the regioselective introduction of a methyl malonate residue at the CH2OH of the sugar moiety by catalysis with the protease subtilisin (→ 22a). The mixed diester 22a was then subjected to chemoselective hydrolysis of the methoxycarbonyl function by another enzyme, biophine esterase (→ 23). Finally, the malonic monoester 23 was reacted in a Knoevenagel-type condensation with benzaldehyde, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, or 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde to afford the target 6″-O-(3-arylprop-2-enoyl) isoquercitrins 2b–d.


A new, simple procedure is described for the preparation gel matrix for preparativde isolelectic focusing (IEF). 0.5–1% Agarose of IEF grade is incorporated with 2.5% Sephadex G‐200 Superfine (SF) and 3% Pharmalyte, yielding a uniform and rifid m atirx. No gel washing, swelling of degassing is necessary. Optimum gel consistency is quickly and easily obtained since no dehydration of the gel timum gel consistency is quickly and easily obtained since no dehydration of the gel slurry is required. Gel preparation time is reduced to 0.5–1 h and gel handling is simplified. Protein can be easily recovered from the matrix. The pH gradient profile and resolving properties of agarose‐Sephadex were compared with those of Spphdex G200 SF and IEF‐grade agarose. The profiles of agarose‐Sephadex and Sephadex matrixes are smoother and extend further in both directions than those for agarose. Focusing in agarose‐Sephadex and Sephadex also results in fewer edge effects. The ability to distinguish closely resolved bands in agarose‐Sephadex is superior due to its ability to be directly stained and its avoidance of eletroen‐domestic effects associated with focusing in sgarose. Changes in voltages enables us to follow the development, stability, and decay of the pH gradient. Agarose‐Sephadex and Sephadex pH gradients developed more smoothly and remained more stable than those for agarose. This new support system combines the good focusing properties of Sephades G‐200 SF with the simple handling, rapid and uniform gel formation of agarose, while overcoming many of the drawbacks of using either material alone.


The invention provides a numerical-controlled wet chemical etching combined nozzle for optical element machining. The numerical-controlled wet chemical etching combined nozzle comprises an outer nozzle barrel, an inner nozzle barrel and an ejection opening assembly which is located in the inner nozzle barrel and used for ejecting a chemical etching solution; the outer nozzle barrel and the inner nozzle barrel are each composed of a straight cylinder section and a special-shaped taper cylinder section, the outer nozzle barrel is connected with the inner nozzle barrel through an annular plate which serves as the barrel bottom of the outer nozzle barrel, ethanol vapor inlets are designed at the straight cylinder section of the outer nozzle barrel, an annular ejecting cavity used for ejecting ethanol vapor is formed between the inner wall face of the outer nozzle barrel and the outer wall face of the inner nozzle barrel, and an outlet of the annular ejecting cavity is shaped like a rectangle; the ejection opening assembly is composed of multiple ejection openings which are arranged in a line and a liquid inlet chamber which communicates with the ejection openings, and a chemical etching solution inlet is designed in the liquid inlet chamber; and the ejection opening assembly is arranged at the barrel bottom of the inner nozzle barrel through the liquid inlet chamber, and the ejection opening end face of the ejection opening assembly is higher than the outlet end face of the annular ejecting cavity. According to the combined nozzle, the machining efficiency for removing high-frequency errors, a surface destruction layer and a subsurface damage layer of an optical element can be improved.


Contextualized in an urban college's teacher education program and its partnership innercity elementary schools, this qualitative study explores the impact of lesson study on the emergence of a stronger pedagogical content knowledge on mathematics teaching practices of minority preservice teachers. Aiming to raise the mathematics achievement of K-6 students by increasing the effectiveness of preservice teacher candidates, this study focuses on developing and deepening 11 prospective teachers' mathematics pedagogical content knowledge by requiring them to analyze their students' mathematics work samples and study the effectiveness of their own teaching practices during their clinical-practice/student teaching year. Findings reveal that participant preservice teachers' pedagogical content knowledge benefited with lesson study. By using the lesson study approach, they were able to change their mathematical identities and beliefs about teaching mathematics in positive ways and become more effective in teaching mathematics. Implications for urban preservice teacher education programs are discussed.


The article presents biographical information about Professor M.F. Tsytovich, reflecting his scientific and practical contribution to the formation and development of domestic otorhinolaryngology, to the training of scientific and pedagogical personnel, as well as characterizing his social activities in the first half of the twentieth century.


Carbon contained in the lubricating grade molybdenum disulfide prepared with natural method,not only reduces product purity,but also affects the usability.Based on the analysis of carbon source,the method of pretreating molybdenum concentrates which is the raw materials of molybdenum disulfide at high temperature was put forward.The effect of nitrogen flow rate,temperature and time in the carbon content of molybdenum concentrates was inspected.The lubricating grade molybdenum disulfide was prepared by molybdenum concentrates treated in high temperature with nitrogen,which can reduce 30% carbon content.The purity of molybdenum disulfide can increase by 0.3%.


e21033Background: Prognostic biomarker in early-stage lung cancer is less well defined. Despite early detection, one-third of patients with completely resected early-stage lung cancer without lymph...


IoT has remarkably broaden the universal network of information barter, because millions of the communication devices have become the ingredients of global network. Apart from the abundant advantages of the expansion of global network, secure authentication and communication between global networking elements are posing numerous challenges. To expedite user authenticity with the help of elliptic curve cryptography a new efficient scheme is introduced in contrast to the previous schemes. Security analysis of proposed scheme is affirmed through random oracle model. Moreover, performance and security analysis show that the proposed scheme prevents the major attack and provides additional security features. The performance analysis is carried out by implementing the proposed protocol using python language in ubuntu. Thus, because of the better security and performance, proposed protocol is adequate for the resource constrained and security sensitive environments.


ABSTRACT A method is presented for the design of unbonded post-tensioned concrete walls for seismic loading to satisfy multiple performance objectives. It takes advantage of the fact that the initial stiffness of the wall is nearly independent of the amount of post-tensioning reinforcement, and thus the fundamental period of the building can be considered to be a stable parameter in design of walls of a given cross section, independent of the degree of post-tensioning. The design spectra used to follow the specification provided in Eurocode 8 considering the probability of exceedance of the seismic action. A detailed example is provided.


This study aimed to investigate the influence of accounting information systems and technology to service performance information on the public sector. Samples in this study were RS. M. Djamil in Padang, PLN, PDAM in Padang and taken at random (purposive sampling). Of the 122 questionnaires had been distributed only 85 questionnaires could be processed. Test Equipment used to test the validity of this study is the test, Test Reliability, Test for multicollinearity, coefficient Determination Test, and the t test, results of this study are: (a) The first hypothesis tests can be concluded that the accounting information systems has significant influence on performance in service sector public. (2) Information technology does not significantly influence the performance of services in the public sector.


ABSTRACT With this paper we want to contribute to the debate on the usage of vocational training as a tool to promote the integration of disadvantaged groups. We focus in particular on programmes that target refugees and highlight the organisational and coordination challenges that must be addressed in order to develop such programmes. Relying on knowledge developed by scholars of collective skill formation and by those who have studied policy coordination, we develop a number of hypotheses that can account for the successful implementation of this type of programmes. We then test our hypotheses against an example taken from Switzerland, consisting of a one-year pre-apprenticeship dual training programme adopted in 2018. We argue that its win-win quality, the flexibility with which it was managed and possibly also the political salience of the issue of refugee integration at the time, were the key factors explaining its successful adoption.


This research aims at describing some phatic communion responding to some voices and happenings in Minangkabau language with Agam's dialect. Data are taken by interviewing, recording, and writing note.The theory proposed by Saville-Troike (2003:37) about linguistic routines ase used in this research. The result of the research shows that there are eight voices and fifteen happenings in Minangkabau language which are responded with phatic utterance. The result of the research also shows that some smiliar expressions are used for some different happenings, for example the phatic utterance which means 'someone is talking about you' used for sneeze and hiccough,'someone will visit us' used for unintentionally taking the same thing, butterflies entering a house, and winking on the right eye. The utterance means 'you will grow up' is used for children who is hiccup and children who is dropped.


5-axis milling is an important machining process for several industries such as aero-space, automotive and die/mold. It is mainly used in machining of sculptured surfaces where surface quality is of extreme importance. Being one of the most important prob-lems in machining, chatter vibrations must be avoided in manufacturing of these com-ponents as they result in high cutting forces, poor surface finish and unacceptable part quality. Chatter free cutting conditions for required quality with higher productivity can be determined by using stability models. Up to now, dynamic milling and stability models have been developed for 3-axis milling operations; however the stability of 5-axis proc-esses has never been modeled. In this paper, a stability model for 5-axis milling opera-tions is proposed. The model can consider the 3D dynamics of the 5-axis milling proc-ess including effects of all important process parameters including lead and tilt angles. Due to the complex geometry and mechanics of the process, the resulting analytical equations are solved numerically in order to generate the stability diagrams.


Purpose

Scholarly research provides few insights into how integrating the western values of individualism and low power distance with the eastern values of collectivism and high power distance may influence cross-cultural conflict management. Following the framework of the theory of cooperation and competition, the purpose of this paper is to directly examine the impacts of organization-level collectivism and individualism, as well as high and low power distance, to determine the interactive effects of these four factors on cross-cultural conflict management.

Design/methodology/approach

This is a 2×2 experiment study. Data were collected from a US laboratory experiment with 80 participants.

Findings

American managers working in a company embracing western low power distance and eastern collectivism values were able to manage conflict cooperatively with their Chinese workers. Moreover, American managers working in a company valuing collectivism developed more trust with Chinese workers, and those in a company culture with high power distance were more interested in their workers' viewpoints and more able to reach integrated solutions.

Originality/value

This study is an interdisciplinary research applying the social psychology field's theory of cooperation and competition to the research on employee-manager, cross-cultural conflict management (which are industrial relations and organizational behavior topics, respectively), with an eye to the role of cultural adaptation. Furthermore, this study included an experiment to directly investigate the interactions between American managers and Chinese workers discussing work distribution conflict in four different organizational cultures.


A systematic study of the specific carboxyl-terminal labeling of oligo- and polypeptides has been undertaken. It relies on chemical esterification of the peptidic substrate followed by carboxypeptidase Y-catalyzed transpeptidation at basic pH with an amino acid derivative as nucleophile. Two nucleophiles, glycine isobutyl ester (Gly-OiBu) and valine amide (Val-NH 2 ), produced transpeptidation with a wide variety of short peptide substrates


This study aimed to verify the magnitude of the influence of organizational culture on the quality of financial reporting and its impact on good governance in zakat bodies and institutions in Indonesia. The magnitude of the gap between the potential and realization of zakat accumulation due to not yet growing awareness about the benefits of zakat and the lack of public trust in the institution of zakat tended to surrender their own zakat directly (Subiyanto, 2014; Zuraya, 2013; Jahar, 2010). The study was in the form of explanatory research using primary data and a questionnaire, as a research instrument, with regression analysis tools and unit analysis in zakat agencies and institutions in Indonesia. The results showed that organizational culture had a significant effect on the quality of financial reporting and good governance in the medium and low categories, the quality of financial reporting had a significant effect on the good governance in the low category, and the organizational culture had an indirect effect on good governance in low quality on financial reporting.


Enhancement of the physical and sensory properties of rehydrated egg products as a consequence of microwave assisted freeze-drying and addition of hydrocolloids to the formulation was assessed. When compared to conventional freeze-drying (CFD), microwave assisted freeze-drying (MFD) led to products with greater water-holding capacity and reduced elastic modulus. Comparisons were also made of moisture sorption rates. The addition of xanthan gum and, to a lesser extent, microcrystalline cellulose increased both water-holding capacity and elastic modulus. Magnitude estimation by a trained texture panel of critical sensory properties (chewiness, rubberiness, moistness, moisture release, and roughness) revealed that MFD samples were superior to CFD samples and that MFD samples containing xanthan were closest to the optimal for the egg products. It was concluded that the more uniform and less heat stressing process of microwave assisted freeze-drying coupled with the presence of xanthan gum leads to a rehydrated product that best retains its structural integrity and ability to bind (reabsorbed) water and that, in turn, has highly acceptable textural properties most similar to fresh eggs.


This paper presents design and control innovations of wearable robots that tackle two barriers to widespread adoption of powered exoskeletons, namely restriction of human movement and versatile control of wearable co-robot systems. First, the proposed quasi-direct drive actuation comprising of our customized high torque density motors and low ratio transmission mechanism significantly reduces the mass of the robot and produces high backdrivability. Second, we derive a biomechanics model-based control that generates biological torque profile for versatile control of both squat and stoop lifting assistance. The control algorithm detects lifting postures using compact inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensors to generate an assistive profile that is proportional to the biological torque produced from our model. Experimental results demonstrate that the robot exhibits low mechanical impedance (1.5 Nm resistive torque) when it is unpowered and 0.5 Nm resistive torque with zero-torque tracking control. Root mean square (RMS) error of torque tracking is less than 0.29 Nm (1.21% error of 24 Nm peak torque). Compared with squatting without the exoskeleton, the controller reduces 87.5%, 80% and 75% of the of three knee extensor muscles (average peak EMG of 3 healthy subjects) during squat with 50% of biological torque assistance.


This study aimed to assess the effect of enamel deproteinization with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) before etching on the shear bond strength (SBS) of Unite (UN; 3M Unitek) and Xihu-BIOM adhesive (XB). Fifty-two maxillary first premolars were divided into four groups: (1) UN and (2) XB according to manufacturer's recommendation and (3) UN and (4) XB deproteinized with 5.25% NaOCl. Brackets were bonded, and a mechanical test was performed using a universal testing machine. The mean SBS value for groups A1, A2, B1, and B2 was 13.51 ± 2.552, 14.36 ± 2.902, 16.43 ± 2.615, and 13.05 ± 2.348 MPa, respectively. A statistically significant difference in SBSs was observed between chemically cured groups and between group B (p < 0.05). No statistically significant difference in SBSs was observed between light-cured adhesive groups and between group A (p > 0.05). NaOCl enamel deproteinization before acid etching has a significant effect on the SBS of Unite adhesive, but not on that of the Xihu-BIOM adhesive. Furthermore, a significant difference in the SBS of Unite and Xihu-BIOM adhesives within the enamel deproteinization group was observed in this study.


The paper brings forth a semantic search engine framework based on ontology, the technology overcomes traditional search engine's shortcomings such as poor semantic processing capability and understanding capability because of the adoption of text retrieval and greatly lifts the retrieval efficiency.


Our analysis seeks to examine whether or not there is a relationship between healthcare expenditure and national life expectancy in order to gain perspective on how to efficiently increase the quality of health in a state. In addition to healthcare expenditure, we also used percent government expenditure, concentration of doctors in an area, and literacy rate as independent variables. Our data shows that there is no significant correlation between healthcare spending and life expectancy in developing countries, but it does exist in developed countries. We speculate that in developing countries, it is not the quantity spent but the quality of expenditure that impacts healthcare. In developed countries, spending may be more efficient and thus more effective. However, our results alone are not evidence enough, and further research is recommended.


Self-oscillating neck propagation of amorphous polybutylene succinate was studied. The neck propagated by regular neck front jumps at the stretching speeds from 0.05 to 1000 mm/min. Self-oscillations at extremely low stretching speeds contradicts to the theory of this phenomenon. The instability of the neck propagation was explained by the deformation softening of the polymer.


Aims of this study were to explore plankton community structure in Mianhuatan Reservoir after Zijin copper accident and to provide a reference for protecting ecological environment,improving the utilization efficiency of the water,and recovering the production order and the reasonable ecological structure in the waters.22 sampling points were set according to the water body environment and the situation of pollution.The density and biomass of plankton in Mianhuatan Reservoir were estimated.Results indicated that:6 phyla,35 genus and 43 species of phytoplankton were observed;densities and biomasses of phytoplankton were respectively 14.16×104-131.66×104 ind./L and 0.096-7.174mg/L;the mean density and mean biomass were respectively 42.89×104 ind./L and 1.401mg/L;the biomass and density of phytoplankton presented a trend of gradual decline from top to bottom.The diversity index fluctuated from 0.628 to 2.671,and the evenness index was in the range of 0.231-0.839.The Mianhuatan Reservoir mostly were in mild contamination,according to the evaluation standard;there were 4 phyla,13 kinds of zooplankton in the waters with densities 36-285 ind./L,the mean density 79 ind./L,biomasses 0.154-3.110mg/L,and the mean biomass 1.421mg/L;the diversity index and evenness index were respectively 1.300-2.441 and 0.625-0.982.The diversity indices of phytoplankton and some other data showed that Mianhuatan Reservoir was a middle nutrition reservoir and the plankton community structures of a part of this reservoir were unstable and susceptible to the outside interference.


PT.Kosoema Nanda Putra is a company moves in textile sector located in Pedan district, Klaten regency, central java. In this company there are divisions inspecting and folding. The research purpose is to know the influence of lighting intensity toward eyes' exhaustion on manpower of inspecting and folding division in PT. Kosoema Nanda Putra Pedan Klaten. Quantitative observational analytic research is used in this research with cross sectionalapproach. The research population of 120 employees with samples used in the Inspecting and folding division amounted 60 employees who were present at the time of the research. Chi-square results shows p value of 0,006, which means that Ho is rejected, so there is an influence between the intensity of lighting toward eyes' exhaustion. The conclusion of this research is there is an influence between the intensity of lighting on eyes'exhaustion in the workforce of Inspecting and Folding division at PT. Kosoema Nanda Putra Klaten. The suggestion for this company is to add local lighting in the Folding division by installing a lamp above the engine to increase the intensity of lighting in the Folding division at PT. Kosoema Nanda Putra Klaten because when the employees are working they are need to inspect detailly, then the local lighting must be appropriate with standard by way minimum ≥ 300 Lux.


Objective To describe the first pediatric case of fatal lactic acidosis in an antiretroviral-treated child with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Design Case report. Setting Pediatric intensive care unit. Patients A patient with fatal antiretroviral therapy–associated type B lactic acidosis. Interventions None. Measurements and Main Results We report the case of a 5-yr-old girl with HIV infection, receiving ritonavir, stavudine, and didanosine, who presented with a 10-day history of nausea and vomiting. Severe lactic acidosis was found. Her clinical condition worsened, with progressive increase in serum lactate, despite aggressive supportive therapy, including intravenous alkali and continuous arteriovenous hemodiafiltration. Conclusions Fatal lactic acidosis is a complication of antiretroviral therapy in pediatric HIV patients, which has not been previously reported in children. Early recognition of mitochondrial dysfunction in these patients could prevent the development of fatal lactic acidosis.


Using cadaveric specimens, we studied the effect of ACL deficiency upon anterior tibial translation during extension of the knee joint. Five knees were loaded via the quadriceps mechanism until flexion angles of 10°, 25°, 40°, and 60° were attained. At each angle, the anterior-posterior position of the tibia was documented with biplane radiography, both before and after division of the ACL. In every specimen, anterior tibial translation increased with loss of the ACL and was greatest at 25° of flexion, where an average displacement of 3.3 mm was observed. Subluxation was not significant at flex ion angles exceeding 60°, regardless of ACL deficiency. We also examined the effect of an external restraining force on tibial subluxation in the ACL deficient knee. Posteriorly directed forces of 0 N, 45 N (10 pounds), 90 N (20 pounds), 135 N (30 pounds), and 225 N (50 pounds) were applied to the tibia at the level of the tibial tubercle. Anterior subluxation was eliminated through application of forces ranging from a maximum of 106 N (23.6 pounds) at 10° to only 13 N (2.9 pounds) at 60°.


A robust fault detection scheme is developed for networked control systems (NCSs) with limited quality of services (QoS), such as network-induced time delay, data dropout, and error sequence. An augmented Markov jump systems (MJSs) model is constructed, based on which a robust fault detection filter is designed. Such a design solved by using Ricatti inequality can guarantee that the error dynamic system is stochastic stable and the residual is sensitive to the fault. A numerical example and an aircraft application simulation study are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Migraine is a common disease in present day population and 30% of the migraine patients suffer from migraine aura, perceptual disturbances preceding the typical headache. Cortical Spreading Depression (CSD), a depolarisation wave that originates in the visual cortex and propagates across the cortex to the peripheral areas, has been deemed as a correlate of visual aura by several studies. Until now little is known about the origin of this phenomenon, and curative treatments are unspecific and cause severe side effects.


Transcription factors (TFs) are specific protein that regulate the gene expression in the cell. The DNA recognition process of these TFs depends on specific target sequences, which are engaged in specific Protein-DNA interaction. It has been established that TFs proteins reach their target sites faster than the maximal diffusion rate in solution, specified by the Debye-Smoluchowski theory ??. This implies that the protein lowers its searching process to a 1D diffusion mode along the DNA sequence ??. In the theoretical frame of study, the best established model is the facilitated diffusion model, where a protein binds non-specifically to a random DNA sequence and undergoes 1D diffusion; such as sliding, hopping, and intersegmental transfer ??(Figure 1) until it reaches the cognate specific target or re-alters its search mode to 3D diffusion. One of the best studied system in this regard is the Lac operon, which acts as a gene regulator in bacteria. The Lac operon repressor structurally is a homotetramer, which is organized as dimer of dimers while each dimer is composed of two DNA binding head domains ??.The long standing question is how dimeric LacI searches the target site among these non-specific sequnces along the DNA. Recently, Erik G. Marklund, et. al. studied the sliding of the Lac repressor via umbrella sampling method and characterized the free energy landscapes that underline the sliding dynamic and its dissociation kinetic ??. Nevertheless, there are many details that are not understood; for instance, the water and ions role in dynamical fluctuation and diffusion of the Lac repressor, communication pattern status among different factors that controls sliding motion, and sequence dependent role in facilitating of this sliding. In a very recent paper ??, the sliding of the Lac repressor on non-specific sequences has been studied, verifying that the sliding motion velocity of the protein when its slide on DNA. Significantly, the measured sliding velocities on different non-specific sequences show that this velocity changes in the range of about 30-100 nm/ms, dependent on the DNA sequences that the protein interacts with. In other words, the sliding rate is on the order of 4-13 μs per base-pair, which is the time scale that interestingly is accessible in unbiased MD simulations. Therefore, via unbiased MD simulation we would be able to capture the dynamical features that are important in controlling the sliding process. For instance, we will learn how the flexibility in hydrogen bond interactions facilitates the sliding motion, how different sub domains of the protein and the DNA communicate with each other in order to the conformationally re-arrange . We will gain insight into the diffusion pattern and what is its rate during the sliding motion. Recently, another study has revealed the existence of an energetic funnel formed by up to about two hundred base pairs on both sides,right and left, of the target sites ??. To this aim, we will use MD simulation of the specific Lac-DNA complex so as to calculate the net stiffness matrix in a dinucleotide model. Then, by combining this stiffness matrix with the parameters of the free DNA base pairs, we can calculate the deformation energy of each shifted sequence up to n base-pairs. This way, we will be able to estimate how the protein imported stress on individual base pairs will change from differently positioned nonspecific DNA sequences to the correctly bound specific DNA sequences.


Author(s): Brown, Tiffany Noelle Martin | Advisor(s): Estes, Carroll L | Abstract: Electronic health records (EHRs) are described as one strategy to: 1) improve health care quality; 2) prevent medical errors; 3) reduce health care costs; 4) increase administrative efficiencies; 5) decrease paperwork; 6) expand access to affordable care; and 7) bring public health benefits through tracking and early detection of disease (Health and Human Services, n.d.). This dissertation uses sociological inquiry to address most of these perceived benefits. Objective: To better understand the impact EHRs have on the structures, institutions, and practice of primary care as it relates to cost, quality of care, workflow, time, and provider-patient interactions using a grounded approach from both theoretical and practical standpoints. The human factor of this nonhuman technology is explored as is relates to the practice of health care, specifically as it relates to cost and quality and efficiency.Research Methods: Ethnographic analysis of 11 Case studies of early-adopter solo and small group primary care practices using an EHR (including ethnographic observations, semi-structured interviews, surveys, and review of practice financial and productivity records) funded by the Commonwealth Foundation and unfunded 5 supplemental in-depth interviews of primary care providers using an EHR in various practice settings. Findings: The macro-level findings are, when using an EHR: 1) the biomedical paradigm is reproduced and formalized; 2) provider power and autonomy are reproduced and formalized; and 3) the reimbursement structure is exploited. The mezzo-level findings are, when using an EHR: 1) health care providers' work remains relatively unchanged in type and content; 2) how the EHR is used is more important than that it is used; 3) all members of a practice are critical in the use of the EHR; 4) the EHR is used primarily for profit; 5) the EHR is secondarily used for efficiency; 5) quality-oriented features are often unused. The micro-level findings are, when using an EHR: 1) using the computer during an encounter strains interaction with patients; 2) management of information is the basic use of the EHR; 3) workflow patterns change; and 4) there are increased stages of the medical encounter. Policy implications are discussed.


"Boy, I do hate lazy reviewers," the narrator of Passes Through writes. What a daunting thing for someone to contemplate before sitting down to review a book! Nonetheless, this reviewer will hereupon attempt to at least partially unpack Rob Stephenson's stunning debut novel-in-fragments. Passes Through, which is described by Lance Olsen at the beginning of his introduction as "the opposite of an easy or fun book," is nonetheless quite readable. The shape of the novel—I will call it a novel in the nominal sense only—is unique. There are three main sections: "Dyad"; "Ja, Mehr: La Mer"; and "Etceteras or An Epitome of Ruins." At the start of all three of these main sections, following the headers, are to be found a list of three, three, and two quotations, respectively, which seem to be instructions of a sort to the reader as to how she or he might read what follows. The opening section, "Dyad," is further broken into subsections of one and one, while the second section is a single block of text, without paragraph breaks, that drifts from topic to topic, thought to thought; the third consists of a number of partially ruined, if not completely ruinous, fragments that are anywhere from a few sentences in length to a paragraph that wraps around to the top opposite side of the page (these blocks of text all start three-quarters of the way down the front of the page, so even the longest paragraphs are still quite short). So, where does one begin with this book? There is, particularly upon subsequent reads, the temptation to start at the beginning of any of the three sections and then work one's way around the text the way one might, say, a novel-in-parts such as B. S. Johnson's The Unfortunates (1969). But, unlike that work, there is no such explicit instruction or permission given by either the author or the publisher to do so, so I will therefore approach it from a more-or-less linear perspective. Although each of the sections has a slightly different emphasis, all three are more alike than they are different: all deal with relationships, with the act of writing, with art and music, and with what it means to be an individual in the world with human desires and feelings. There are, however, thematic variations between the three sections, as in a musical composition or a triptych of paintings, as well as stylistic differences, as mentioned above. In "Dyad," doubling and repetitions abound— for instance, the color red (anger, blood, fingernail paint), mirrors, the idea of something "passing through" something else, an old couch. The narrator obsesses over his relationship with a man who has had a traumatic childhood, wears black panties under his suit, and has trouble breathing at night, nightmares. There is a power struggle between the two; it is a relationship that manifests, at turns, in ways both tender and hostile. The narrator is criticized, critical. He struggles with his own identity. He writes, "I need someone to be a mirror. But not to look like me. They have to be different so they can reflect me in a highly personalized distortion." He laments the fact that he is always the one who has to wait for things at work, contemplates murder, realizes that the desire to kill and the desire to die are two sides of the same coin, feels unimportant, wants to grow his ego to gigantic proportions. As a way to cope with the darkness he finds inside himself, he takes up the pen, turns his lover into so many words on a page. He has trouble "reading" him at times. Writes: "He was clipped out of an intricate essay in favor of reader abuse. I miss the space he filled. And the one I filled in him. Forever playing the same song over and over, until I made a nasty retort." The lies between them become like characters in his non-narrative. His lover sucks the end of his fountain pen. Tells him that he is a good writer. He responds that he simply fixes others' stories.


Prior investigations into facial pain associated with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) have yielded important results, but have yet to use pain‐specific outcome measures. This study seeks to characterize facial pain associated with CRS using validated pain‐specific instruments.


4040 Background: Tumor recurrence after curative resection is still a major problem in the management of adjuvant colon cancer, with recurrence rate approximately 30-40%. Identifying molecular markers for tumor recurrence is critical for successfully selecting patients who are more likely to benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. Our group previously showed that angiogenesis gene polymorphisms (VEGF and IL-8) may associated with tumor recurrence in adjuvant colon cancer (Lurje Ann Oncol, 2008). Here we tested the hypothesis whether gene expression levels of angiogenesis pathway (COX-2, EGFR, VEGF, VEGFR1, VEGFR2 and IL-8) could also predict the risk of tumor recurrence in stage II and III colon cancer patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy.

METHODS
Tissue samples from 140 adjuvant colon cancer patients (69 females and 71 males with a median age of 59 years; range=28-86) were available for gene expression assays. These tissue samples were obtained at the University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (USC/NCCC) and LAC+USC medical center between 1999 and 2006. Sixty-three patients had stage II and 77 had stage III colon cancer. The median follow-up was 5.4 years (range=2.0-16.8). 51 of 140 patients (36.4%) developed tumor recurrence with a 5-year probability of 0.28 ± 0.06 for stage II and 0.40 ± 0.06 for stage III colon cancer patients. mRNA was extracted from laser-capture-microdissected tumor tissue. After cDNA was prepared by reverse transcription, quantitation of the candidate genes and an internal reference gene (ß-actin) was performed using a fluorescence-based real-time detection method (TaqMan).

RESULTS
We found VEGF and VEGFR1 gene expression levels independently significantly associated with time to tumor recurrence in adjuvant colon cancer patients. Patients with lower VEGF gene expression and lower VEGFR1 gene expression levels had significantly longer time to tumor recurrence compared to those with higher VEGF and higher VEGFR1 gene expression levels (p<0.05, log-rank test).

CONCLUSIONS
VEGF and VEGFR1 gene expression levels may predict tumor recurrence risk in adjuvant colon cancer patients. Our exploratory data warrant future confirmatory trial. [Table: see text].


Six starches of different amylose content were studied by static light scattering from very dilute aqueous solutions at 20°C. Reproducible results were obtained after submitting the solutions to a controlled autoclaving step where the solutions were heated up to 135-155°C. Amylose rich starches exhibited significantly different angular dependences from those with low amylose content. The high experimental accuracy of the angular dependences allowed separate determination of the molar masses Mw and radii of gyration Rg for both components in the mixture. Molar masses of 60-106 to 110- 106 and radii around 220nm were found for the amylopectins from the various starches. Unexpectedly high molar masses between 450-103 and 2.5-106 were found for the amylose components but only low radii of gyration. Comparison with synthetic amyloses indicate strong intra and intermolecular aggregation in the form of laterally (side-by-side) aligned chains which could contain up to 35 amylose chains. The possibility of a quantitative determination of the degree of branching via the shrinking factor g (=Rg2Ap/Rg2Am I at the same molar mass) is discussed at some length.


The carbonation characteristics of K2CO3/Al2O3 supported sorbent for CO2 capture was investigated with thermogravimetric apparatus(TGA),X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy analysis(SEM)and N2 adsorption.The results showed that the carbonation rate of K2CO3 before being loaded on Al2O3 was slow.However,the K2CO3/Al2O3supported sorbent showed excellent carbonation performance.The difference in carbonation behavior between K2CO3and K2CO3/Al2O3supported sorbent was analyzed from the microscopic view.The analytical reagent K2CO3 sample was of monoclinic crystal structure and could react quickly with H2O in the experimental carbonation environment to produce K2CO3·1.5H2O,which was unfavorable to carbonation reaction.When K2CO3was loaded on Al2O3,the surface area and porosity of the sorbent was improved greatly.So the carbonation properties of the K2CO3/Al2O3 supported sorbent was also improved.


Abstract Imagery from Russian Cosmos series near-polar orbiting satellites has recently become more widely available. We have obtained KATE-200 photographic imagery of ice caps in the European high Arctic archipelagos of Franz Josef Land and Svalbard, and from the Greenland Ice Sheet. This visible-band imagery is of high spatial resolution (nominal 15 m) and each image covers a large ground segment (approximately 59 000km2). KATE-200 products are first generation film positives, first generation film negatives, and prints. No calibration standards or grey scales are provided. A number of ice-surface topographic features can be extracted from these high resolution photographic products. Examples include flow directions in the Greenland Ice Sheet and drainage-basin ice divides on Svalbard ice caps. The large area covered by each KATE-200 image, almost twice that of a Landsat scene, and over 15 times that of SPOT, is an advantage when monitoring the occurrence of glacier surges. The 15 m resolution clearly d...


The fusants which contain starch utilizing ability and alcohol fermenting ability were developed by protoplast fusion of Saccharomyces cerevisiae KOY-1 and Saccharomyces diastaticus KCTC 1804. Sacharomyces cerevisiae KH-12 was obtained by haploid induction from Saccharomyces cerevisiae KOY-1. The auxotropic mutants of yeast were obtained by using an ethylmethane sulfonate (EMS). The frequency of protoplast formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae KOY-1 and Saccharomyces diastaticus KCTC 1804 were 90.5% and 97.7%, respectively. The frequency of fusant formation was for the regenerated protoplast and the 1,000 fusants were obtained. Fusant FA 776 was selected as a potential yeast which contain an alcohol fermenting ability in the starch medium. The genetic stability was 4.64% for 10 passages of generation. Fusant FA 776 produced 13mg/ml of alcohol in 24% starch medium and showed 1.86-fold higher alcohol fermenting ability than Saccharomyces diastaticus KCTC 1804.