This article critically examines the rise of forms of biometric health screening in relation to migrant bodies in Australia and beyond. It argues that whilst we should be cognisant of the opportunities presented by expedited health screening practices, we should also attend to the potential risks presented by the adoption of these practices. This includes concerns about stigma and privacy in an era of securitisation and information sharing across national borders.


Objective: To explore the protective effect and mechanism of Xinmaitong Capsule (XMTC) on the viable myocardium in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods: Forty six patients with AMI were randomly divided into the XMTC group (n=23), treated with conventional treatment combined with XMTC, and the control group (n=23), treated by conventional treatment alone. The effect of XMTC was observed by comparing the changes of nuclide abnormal segments′s count and scoring, as well as scoring of nuclide filling defect between the two groups. Results: Significant differences were found in comparing the changes between the two groups in all the above mentioned parameters (P0 05). Conclusion: XMTC has good effects in improving coronary blood flow and increasing the myocardial blood perfusion of ischemic area, thus it shows the protective effect on the viable myocardium in patients with AMI.


Nitrogen doped zinc oxide (ZnO) films have been prepared by molecular beam epitaxy. The as-grown samples show n-type conduction, but they convert to p-type after being annealed in O2 atmosphere. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals that the conversion is mainly caused by the escaping of substituted N molecule (N2)O donors from the films, and photoluminescence spectroscopy confirms the extraction of (N2)O. The work shown in this paper reveals experimentally that the main compensation source in nitrogen doped ZnO is (N2)O donors instead of intrinsic donors or background impurities, and annealing in oxygen may be a promising route to p-ZnO.


A potential antagonist, Bacillus sp. strain A5F was isolated from soybean rhizosphere following in vitro dual plate screening. The bacterium displayed strong inhibitory activity in vitro against soybean stem rot pathogen, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The culture supernatant of strain A5F completely suppressed the mycelial growth of the pathogen, indicating that suppression was due to the presence of antifungal compounds in the culture filtrate. The culture filtrate also suppressed other phytopathogenic fungi including Fusarium oxysporum and Macrophomina phaseolina, in vitro suggesting a broad spectrum antagonistic activity against fungal pathogens. Chemical extraction followed by chromatographic analysis resulted in two antifungal fractions. The high resolution‐electron spin ionization‐mass spectrometry (HR‐ESI‐MS) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1D and 2D1H) spectra of these antifungal fractions revealed the presence of antifungal compounds, one of which showed similarity to bacillomycin D. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


It has been proven that polymer injection at early times is beneficial to offshore heavy oil recovery. It is of significant importance to optimize the polymer injection timing and decide the residual oil distribution after polymer flooding. Aiming at a specific offshore heavy oil reservoir in Bohai, China, the optimum polymer injection timing is investigated through laboratory experiments. The influence of polymer injection timing on oil displacement and remaining oil distribution is analyzed by combining macroscopic and microscopic flooding experiments. The results reveal that the optimum polymer injection timing should be close to the water breakthrough, i.e., just before the waterflooding front reaches the outlet of the core. In addition, the waterflooding front position is analytically solved by using the Buckley–Leverett method and verified by experimental results, which supply an approach to predict the polymer injection timing. When polymer is injected before the waterflood front reaches the outlet of the core, the mobility control ability of polymer solution can reduce the fraction of bypassed volume of the reservoir by waterflooding. The early injected polymer mainly enters the high permeability zone, which works positively in two ways. Firstly, it improves the oil displacement efficiency of the high permeability zone. Secondly, the polymer establishes a flow resistance in the high permeable zones, thus improving the sweep efficiency in the low and medium permeability zones. However, our residual oil distribution experiments illustrate that there is still a large amount of oil remaining in the low and medium permeability zones. Therefore, it is necessary to explore additional EOR methods to recover the abundant residual oil.


The objective of this study is to assess the obstetric nurse's care from admission to delivery based on good obstetric practices. It is a descriptive, retrospective, and documentary study, with a quantitative approach based on the analysis of 500 medical records. The research identified that an episiotomy was done in 12.2%, an amniotomy in 13%, oxytocin was used in 42.8%, non-pharmacological methods for pain relief were applied in 75.4%, and skin-to-skin contact was used to stimulate in 91.6%. Most of the good obstetrical practices recommended by the World Health Organization were observed to be used by the obstetric nurses when providing care from admission to delivery and this is close to what has been recommended by scientific evidence. Descriptors: Nursing Care; Obstetric Nursing; Perinatal Care; User Embracement. INTRODUCTION In the history of public health, maternal-infant care has been considered an area of priority, especially in regard to the care to a mother during pregnancy, in order to have a pregnancy and childbirth with minimum risk to the mother-child-family triad. Pregnancy is experienced in a special way in a woman's life, each one with their own experiences that transform the delivery into a cultural process, as it reflects the historical and social values prevalent in each society. The current model of care during labor and birth here in Brazil has the characteristic of an excess of intervention, taking from the woman the opportunity go through labor and delivery, which has contributed significantly to the increase in the rates of cesarean deliveries and maternal and perinatal morbidity and 1 Student from the Undergraduate Nursing Program of the Nursing and Pharmacy School of the Federal University of Alagoas. Maceió, AL, Brazil. Email: email@example.com. 2 Nurse, Master in Health Sciences. Doctoral Student in Health Sciences at Federal University of Alagoas. Maceió, AL, Brazil. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com. 3 Nurse, Doctor in Nursing. Associate professor at Nursing and Pharmacy School of the Federal University of Alagoas. Maceió, AL, Brazil. Email: email@example.com. 4 Nurse, Master in Nursing. Assistant professor at Nursing and Pharmacy School of the Federal University of Alagoas. Maceió, AL, Brazil. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Received: 07/14/2015. Accepted: 03/23/2016. Published: 06/30/2016. Suggested citation: Vieira MJO, Santos AAP, Silva JMO, Sanches METL. Obstetrical nursing care based on good practices: from admission to delivery. Rev. Eletr. Enf. [Internet]. 2016 [cited __/__/__];18:e1166. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/ree.v18.36714. Vieira MJO, Santos AAP, Silva JMO, Sanches METL. Rev. Eletr. Enf. [Internet]. 2016 [cited __/__/__];18:e1165. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/ree.v18.35524. 2 mortality. From this perspective, the scientific evidence used through good obstetric practices have helped drive the improvement of the maternal health factors that act negatively during the gestational cycle, directly influencing the results in the quality of prenatal care and, therefore, contributing to reduce the damage to the trinomial. By the same token, a significant portion of the complications that may occur throughout labor and at delivery was reduced by appropriate obstetric care, carried out with the appropriate use of technology. These various practices used to assist in pregnancy and childbirth have been promoting successful experiences in obstetric procedures and are effective in the reduction of adverse perinatal outcomes. Following the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO) and of the Ministry of Health (MH), the institutions have been encouraging normal delivery and a decrease in cesarean sections. These humanization measures aim to provide well-being to the woman and reduce the risks for her and her baby, as well as to provide comfort and well-being to the companion. In this way, a fundamental commitment was established that the health professionals involved in the woman's health will help her during labor and delivery with safety and dignity, meeting the recommendations set forth by the MH, because to humanize the delivery is to promote quality care to the woman in labor using the classifications of good obstetrical practices that are divided into four categories: • Category A – Practices that are proven useful and should be encouraged • Category B – Practices that are clearly harmful or ineffective and should be eliminated • Category C – Practices in which there is insufficient evidence to support a clear recommendation and which should be used carefully until more research clarifies the issue • Category D – Practices often used inappropriately These categories were created to encourage the correct use of good practices and promote proper assistance during labor and delivery, focusing on assistance based on pain relief, physical and emotional comfort, freedom of choice for the birth of their baby, and the best delivery method. They are also intended to provide the necessary support (material, personal, and emotional) to the trinomial and help the experience of the woman's labor process to be more secure, calm, satisfactory, and happy. In addition, when providing quality care to the woman who experiences the puerperal pregnancy cycle, the professionals can help her overcome fears, tensions, and anxieties through the exercise of empathy and respect, considering the woman's opinions, preferences, and needs. The health professionals are supporters in these experiences, carrying out a satisfactory role in putting their knowledge at the service of the woman and her baby, helping them in the postpartum and birth process in a healthful manner. In this context, the obstetric nurse plays an important role in the care during labor and birth and his/her help has been required both in the care scenarios involving prenatal, delivery, and postpartum actions, as well as in the formulation and development of policies related to the obstetric context. It is in Vieira MJO, Santos AAP, Silva JMO, Sanches METL. Rev. Eletr. Enf. [Internet]. 2016 [cited __/__/__];18:e1165. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/ree.v18.35524. 3 the moment of the labor and birth process that the obstetric nurse can act decisively, making the difference in the care provided, in the support capacity, and in the communication between those involved during labor and delivery, thus favoring the contact and bonding, because pregnancy, delivery, and the postpartum period are a meaningful and enriching experience for all who participate in them. For these reasons, the relevance of this study is characterized by being about the care given during delivery and birth, which is a theme of international discussion, where the use of good obstetrical practices by health professionals—among them the obstetric nurses—have undertaken efforts in order to reduce harm during the puerperal pregnancy cycle and, therefore, reduce the high rates of cesarean sections and maternal and newborn mortality, as well as improve the quality of the trinomial care. Therefore, due to the importance of this topic, the objective of this study is to assess the obstetric nurse's care from admission to childbirth based on good obstetric practices. METHOD This is a descriptive, retrospective, and documentary study with a quantitative approach. The survey was conducted in a maternity hospital of normal risk in a northeastern Brazilian capital. The sample size was estimated at 462 medical records of women admitted, considering the proportion in the population of 50% (a safer estimate when you have little information about the population studied), an absolute precision of 6%, and a significance level of 1%. An electronic calculator available on the Internet at http://www.lee.dante.br/pesquisa/amostragem/calculo_amostra.html was used. For the sample composition, a filed documentary survey was carried out through medical records, obstetric care records, and record books used from the admission of pregnant women through their delivery in the year 2014. In total, 500 medical records were analyzed between January and June 2015, with an average of 50 records per month. For data collection, a semi-structured form was created with identification data to characterize the sample and specific data about the care given to the women in labor by obstetric nurses. The data were collected after the approval of the project by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Alagoas under process No. 40166414.8.0000.5013, on January 16, 2015. The variables used in the study were the following: completing the data collection form; age; origin; color/race; marital status; level of education; pregnancies and parity of the patients; amount of prenatal appointments; use of partogram; need of episiotomy; active techniques in the third delivery stage; realization of amniotomy; oxytocin use; skin-to-skin contact; non-pharmacological methods for pain relief; labor location; and gestational age. For organization, the program Microsoft Excel 2010 was used for tabulation and analysis of the statistical and descriptive data. The descriptive analysis was from the absolute frequency (n) and percentage (F%), and the results were presented descriptively through tables. Vieira MJO, Santos AAP, Silva JMO, Sanches METL. Rev. Eletr. Enf. [Internet]. 2016 [cited __/__/__];18:e1165. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/ree.v18.35524. 4 RESULTS Of the 500 (100%) medical records analyzed, 413 (83.0%) were fully filled out and 87 (17.0%) were partially filled out or, in other words, the latter were missing essential identification data of the woman in labor and of the follow-up of the labor, delivery, and postpartum. Table 1 refers to the profiles of women cared for by obstetric nurses during this period in the maternity ward. Table 1: Socio-demographic profile of pregnant women in a low-risk Maternity Hospital. Maceió, AL, Bra


The purpose of this work is to determine the benefit which can be achieved in image quality for a time-of-flight (TOF) capable 3D whole-body PET scanner. We simulate a 3D whole-body time-of-flight PET scanner with a complete modeling of spatial and energy resolutions. The simulated scanner has a diameter of 84-cm, an axial FOV of 25-cm, and uses a 4times4times30-mm3 pixelated LaBr3 Anger-logic detector. Multiple simulations were performed for a 27-cm diameter and 70-cm long uniform cylinder with hot spheres (22,17,13, and 10-m diameter) in central slice, and 10-mm diameter hot spheres in a slice at 1/4 axial FOV (8:1 activity uptake ratio with respect to background). Image reconstruction was performed with a list-mode iterative TOF algorithm and data were currently analyzed for true coincidences after attenuation correction for timing resolutions of 300,600,1000-ps and non-TOF. Our results show that contrast recovery improves with TOF (NEMA NU2-2001 analysis). Detectability for 10-mm diameter hot spheres estimated using a non-prewhitening matched filter (NPW SNR) also improves with TOF and best results are obtained for timing resolution les300 ps


A fiber coupled birefringence compensated Faraday Isolator set-up has been developed. At 2 kW average power a transmission greater 93% and an isolation of 15 dB was achieved. No degradation in beam quality was observed.


With the intensification and utilization of multimodal treatment, acute toxicities have increased; however, the frequency of treatment sequelae in long‐term head and neck cancer (HNC) survivors are poorly described. The purpose of this analysis was to determine the prevalence and predictors of patient‐reported late and long‐term treatment‐related sequelae in HNC survivors.


The 2004 IDEA Reauthorization went into effect on July 1, 2005. However, it was not until August 14, 2006, that the U.S. Department of Education issued the final regulations for this amended legislation. The regulations, which were officially effective on October 12, 2006, repeat the legislative provisions and also fill in various other more specific requirements. The following is a "top ten" of the new requirements for special educators. The bracketed citations are to specific sections in the IDEA regulations, which are available at various websites, including http://idea.ed.gov. The final step will be for each state to incorporate the new federal regulations in its own special education law with any additional requirements in the direction of protecting students with disabilities. Indeed, the new regulations repeat the 2004 requirement that states identify in writing to both the U.S. Department of Education and local districts any such state-imposed additions. Local policies and practices, of course, must be in accord with these federal and, if any, added state requirements. Each of the following items starts with the pertinent provisions, if any, in IDEA 2004, and then proceeds to those in the 2006 IDEA regulations. 1. Eligibility for Specific Learning Disability The 2004 IDEA amendments provided that states may no longer require severe discrepancy and must permit "scientific, research-based intervention"--known more generally as responsiveness to intervention (RTI)--as part of the multi-source evaluation approach for determining eligibility under the classification of specific learning disability (SLD). The 2006 IDEA regulations added a host of refinements to these statutory changes for SLD eligibility. For example, the new regulations (a) require each state to adopt criteria for determining SLD eligibility that permit or require RTI, permit (or, possibly, prohibit) severe discrepancy, or permit or require a research-based alternative [[section] 300.307]; (b) add an eighth specified area for eligibility--"reading fluency skills" [[section] 300.309(a)]; (c) change the primary frame of reference to the NCLB (No Child Left Behind) benchmarks of "state-approved grade-level standards" [[section] 300.309(a)]; and (d) specify various required considerations, such as "data-based documentation of repeated assessments of achievement at reasonable intervals, reflecting formal assessment of student progress during instruction, which was provided to the child's parents" [[section] 300.309(b)]. For a more complete but concise catalog of the changes, see www.nrcld.org. 2. Consent for Initial Services The 2004 amendments removed the authority of a hearing officer to override the parent's lack of consent for initial services, while forfeiting the child's right to FAPE (free and appropriate education) unless, and until, the parent provided such consent. The 2006 regulations extended this limitation to initial evaluations and reevaluations for home-schooled and parentally placed private school children [[section] 300.300]. 3. "Highly Qualified" Teacher Requirement The 2004 IDEA amendments made clear that the NCLB's requirements for "new" and "not new" highly qualified teachers apply to special education teachers; they must be highly qualified in special education and in any core academic subjects that they teach. At the same time, IDEA 2004 provided limited relaxation of--not an exception from--these requirements for two situations: (a) special education teachers who teach core academic subjects "exclusively to children ... assessed against alternate achievement standards;" and (b) special education teachers who teach "2 or more core academic subjects exclusively to children with disabilities" [20 V.S.C. [section] 1402(10)]. The 2006 regulations add various refinements, including (a) allowing an alternative certification route that meets specified standards [[section] 300. …


Deterministic rule based traffic descriptors in general, and leaky bucket based (LBB) traffic descriptors in particular, offer many advantages over statistical descriptors for specifying and monitoring traffic in the ATM based broadband ISDN (BISDN). However, these traffic descriptors do not specify the traffic pattern uniquely. Thus, acceptance of a connection request with specific traffic descriptor parameter values implies that the network has agreed to guaranteeing the quality of service (QOS) for the worst case traffic compliant with the traffic descriptor (and hence allowed by the monitor). This poses challenges which have not been addressed adequately. Two of the important ones are: (i) definition of the worst case behaviour and characterization of the worst case traffic compliant with the traffic descriptor; (ii) connection acceptance controls (CAC) for the worst case traffic sources compliant with the traffic descriptors. In this paper we address these questions for leaky bucket based (LBB) traffic descriptors. The focus is on the first problem. The implications on the second problem are discussed briefly. The performance measure and QOS requirements are in terms of the cell loss ratios.

We first define the worst case behaviour for homogeneous and heterogeneous environments in terms of collective cell loss ratio (CLR)) from the multiplexer. We consider both the unbuffered and buffered cases. However, most of the results here are for the unbuffered case. FOTthe case of an unbuffered multiplexer and homogeneous source environment, we show that a simple on-off source represents the worst case behaviour of an LBB source. In a heterogeneous source traffic environment, the on-off behaviour is the worst only in a limited sense and the use of a collective measure results in anomalous relationships between the source behaviour and the CLR. A more appropriate measure should be based on individual cell loss ratios or on the maximum of the individual CLRs. We analyse LBB sources with respect to these measures and unbuffered resources, and obtain further characterization of the worst case behaviour. However, we also uncover some counter-intuitive relationships. In particular, a seemingly 'smooth' source may be worse for the other sources than a seemingly 'bursty' source.

For a buffered multiplexer, we show, via an example, that a three-state source may be worse than an on-off source even in a homogeneous source traffic environment. A complete characterization of the worst case behaviour for a buffered multiplexer remains an open challenge. Moreover, the LBB sources exhibit deterministic behaviour and their equivalent bandwidth need not be sub-additive in sources. That is, adding the equivalent bandwidths of individual sources to obtain an 'estimate' of the equivalent bandwidth for a collection of such sources could be too optimistic in some situations. A fresh look at the connection acceptance control for such sources is therefore warranted.


In this paper a linear relaxation method is proposed for a class of optimization problems (P). By utilizing loga-rithmic property, we have established an equivalent problem (P1) of the (P). By utilizing tangential hyper-surfaces andconcave envelope approximations, we have received a linear relaxation programming of the (P1). The proposed algorithmis convergent to the global minimum of (P1) through the successive refinement of a feasible regional linear relaxation andsolutions of a series of linear programming problems. Numerical results show the feasibility of the proposed algorithm.


Studies have shown that persons with lower pulmonary function have a higher risk for developing cardiovascular diseases including hypertension. The objectives of this paper are to examine: (i) the relationship between lung function and hypertension; and (ii) the correct functional forms of the continuous predictors of hypertension using fractional polynomials. This analysis was based on data from a cross-sectional community study of 1,834 adult subjects aged 18-79 years conducted in 2003 in Humboldt, Saskatchewan, Canada. Clinical measurements were made during a clinic visit, and other information was collected from a questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine associations between hypertension and lung function measurements. Multivariate fractional polynomial logistic regression model was used to preserve the continuous nature of the predictor variables. There was an expected significant difference between men and women in values for FVC and FEV 1 . We observed that the ordinary logistic regression model and fractional polynomial model gave the same functional form when stratified by gender. The data suggest an increasing risk of hypertension with decreasing FVC and FEV 1 values. After adjusting for potential risk factors including age, body mass index, parental history of hypertension and smoking, there was increased risk of hypertension among women with low FVC [OR adj : 0.73 (95% CI: 0.56, 0.95)]. We did not see this association for men [OR adj : 1.10 (95% CI: 0.90, 1.33)]. We observed that the risk of hypertension increases with decreasing FVC for women after adjusting for potential risk factors. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/sljastats.v12i0.4967 Sri Lankan Journal of Applied Statistics Vol.12 2011 pp.41-61


The interactions of [(HMB)RuII{η3-tpdt)}] (1) [HMB = η6-C6Me6, tpdt = S(CH2CH2S-)2] with Cr(CO)6, [CpCr(CO)3]2, [CpCrCl2(SPyH)], and [Cp*Cr(CH3CN)4](PF6)2 (6) produced a series of thiolate-bridged ...


This bachelor thesis deals with the transport systems in the Czech Republic, which are co-financed from the EU budget through selected structural funds. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the membership of the Czech Republic in the EU and the problems of structural funds and the Cohesion fund. The practical part analyses two operational programmes - Operational programme Transport and Regional operational programme NUTS II Southwest. Both of these programmes are assessed and compared in the final chapter.


Summary.Dataon pyloric stenosis are analysed bymultiple threshold methods that incorporate thesexeffect. Thepolygenic modelofinheritance is rejected; thesingle major locus model canonly accountfor37%ofthe caseshaving agenetic aetiology, requiring an environmental effect toaccountfortheremainder ofthe cases.Amaternal-fetal interaction forgastrin production andsensitivity is postulated toexplain alltheexisting data.Theempirical risk figures givenare considered tobethemostaccuratebasis forgenetic counselling until additional studies provide asoundbiological basis for aquantitative genetic model.


This study examined whether gender differences exist among college faculty, staff and graduate students (FSG) in terms of participation in and the acquisition of SMARTBoard skills gained from attending SMARTBoard online training sessions. The study centered upon FSG who participated in SMARTBoard training sessions conducted by the University of Southern Mississippi's (USM) Center for Education and Learning Technology (CELT) during the fall, 2002, and the spring and summer, 2003 semesters. The data showed that women were more likely to attend and participate in training sessions than men however the genders were equally comfortable with the sessions and reported comparable skill acquisitions. Researchers suggest that trainers encourage equal participation and attendance at online training sessions.


How does natural resource wealth influence the duration of civil conflicts? We theorize that the exploitation of natural resources can strengthen rebels' "power to resist" the government, but this depends on how rebels earn funding from those resources. Distinguishing between the extortion and smuggling of natural resources, we posit that smuggling in particular is more likely to give rebels the flexibility and mobility needed to effectively resist government repression. We then test this proposition empirically using new data that identify not only whether rebels profit from resources but also how they do so. We find that only when rebels smuggle natural resources do civil conflicts last significantly longer. In contrast, conflicts in which rebel groups earn money from extorting natural resource production are not significantly more likely to endure. This finding is of special interest because past work has largely ignored how rebels earn income from natural resources and the implication this distinction might have on conflict processes.


In the development of the domestic large liquid rocket engine performance design, stability analysis, and start, stop, thrust control, stabilization of control systems, comprehensive and system integration technology is required. A Hardware of imitation/real propellant for simulation program verification and database construction is necessary. In this paper, design, manufacture & installation of a imitation propellant test system are described for simulation program verification & database construction. The imitation propellant test system is consist of a high pressure device to pressurize imitation propellant, hydraulic & Pneumatic device to store & transfer imitation propellant, test system to check each parameter and control/measuring system to store/control each data.


It has been reported in the literature that phencyclidine (PCP) psychosis recovery may take up to 4–6 weeks. This retrospective review sought to determine whether patients with a new onset of PCP psychosis have a longer hospitalization than those patients with new onset functional psychosis. The PCP arm (N = 20) was found to have a significantly shorter hospitalization than those with a new onset functional psychosis (N = 20)—mean 4.8 days (range 1–9) versus 13.6 days (range 3–41), p < .05. In addition, patients with psychosis related to PCP use were treated more aggressively with conventional antipsychotics than patients with a new onset functional psychosis at this facility.


Small amplitude electrochemical ac voltammetry (ACV) is employed to investigate kinetics of electron transfer between Ru redox centers attached to the electrode surface via C 10 alkanethiols and gold mirror electrodes. The equations for faradaic admittance of strongly adsorbed electroactive species in the case of a Langmuir isotherm are applied to determine the total coverage of redox centers (θ total ) and kinetic parameters: the standard rate constant (k s ) and transfer coefficient, k s appears to increase and θ total appears to decrease as the perturbation frequency increases. In a separate experiment, large amplitude ACV is performed simultaneously with electrochemically modulated reflectance ac voltammetry (EMR ACV) on the same electroactive monolayer/electrode system. The electromodulation reflectance coefficient (X) is defined in the frequency domain as a ratio of ac electroreflectance to both dc electroreflectance and the interfacial ac potential (E inter ). X is shown to be a more useful quantity than the ratio of ac electroreflectance to de electroreflectance for representation of the electroreflectance data. X is found to be exactly out-of-phase with the faradaic admittance at the wavelength region (410-440 nm) corresponding to the absorption band of the reduced form of the Ru complex. Therefore, the ac electroreflectance signal is dominated by the modulation of the electrode coverage of a given redox state with E inter . Electrochromic effects are negligible. Accurate calculation of k s from EMR ACV data is complicated because of the nonlinear relationship between the faradaic ac current and large amplitude E inter . Thus, under our experimental conditions, ACV is the preferred method to determine k s .


The definition of 'Arctic' used in this study calls for clarification. The definition is broad, in that it encompasses all zones affected by ice (packs, stationary and moving ice), including the Canadian East Coast offshore basins (Labrador Sea) but excluding the northernmost part of the Norwegian Sea (Haltenbank and Tromsoflaket) which is spared by ice; the oil outlook for this area is examined in Section 1. The definition is also restrictive, in that it excludes the Alaska North Slope (Prudhoe Bay, etc.), which can hardly be considered a 'frontier zone', and the Gulf of Alaska (Cook Inlet) for the same reason. There have been various estimates of the oil potential of Arctic areas which are summarised in Table 6. These figures are derived in most cases from an approach based on geological understanding of neighbouring areas and extrapolation from certain observed results; the degree to which oil surveys have been carried out in these zones is highly variable, with nearly 200 exploration wells in the Arctic Islands or in the Canadian sector of the Beaufort


Weed populations develop herbicide resistance when they evolve due to selection pressure. Mutations and gene flow contribute to genetic variability and provide resistant alleles. The speed of resistance gene frequency increase is determined by the inheritance of resistance alleles relative to wild-type susceptibility and is influenced by the interaction between gene expression and selection. The goal of herbicide resistance management is to minimize selection pressure while maintaining adequate weed control. However, the specific nature of each herbicide, weed, and resistance combination determines the practices that optimize undesirable selection pressure. Therefore, generalized management strategies should be recommended with caution and must not be mandated without thorough evaluation on a case-by-case basis.


Venice, Italy - A vaccine made from two lines of lysed human melanoma
cells combined with an immunologic adjuvant appears to reduce the rates of recurrence
and death in some patients with Stage IIa melanoma.


Fibrin has been used in medicine for nearly 100 years and the use of fibrin clots have been used in meniscal repairs for over 20 years. It is theorized that the concentrated levels of platelets in fibrin clot aid in healing through the release of growth factors. The use of concentrated platelets has gained recent popularity through the increase use of platelet-rich plasma; however, it is still unknown what platelet concentration constitutes an optimal level of healing. Recent studies on the healing of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and repair suggest that concentrated platelets might play a role in advanced healing in the ACL. This article will summarize the history of fibrin clots in surgery, the biochemistry of platelets, current use, and the future of fibrin clots as biological aids in healing. Techniques for preparing an exogenous clot, repairing meniscal tears with a fibrin clot, and the use of fibrin clots in ACL reconstruction will also be discussed.


The cost of textbooks in higher education has risen by 1041% since 1977, three times faster than inflation, so that the average student now pays $655 each year for books (1,2). With the rising cost of higher education students are finding themselves unable to meet these costs and purchase textbooks required by their course. At American University we surveyed 40 non‐major biology students and found 75% of students have previously not purchased a required textbook for a course because of cost. We also learned that 80% of our students make decisions on course choice based on textbook cost. To address this concerning trend we decided to pilot a scheme to use Open Educational Resources (OER) in our introductory non‐majors Biology 100 course with a laboratory.


IN CANADA there has recently been considerable discussion concerning the advisability of centralizing certain laboratory facilities, especially those of the cytodiagnostic laboratory. This discussion has been prompted by two divergent viewpoints. On one side are those who urge the need for cytodiagnostic facilities at the individual hospital level, because they say that only this arrangement will allow close co-operation between the cytopathologist, the tissue pathologist and the clinician. This collaboration is essential for a correct interpretation of the cytological findings and for an adequate follow-up of the cases. This arrangement will permit not only an assessment of the value of the cytodiagnostic method, but also the establishment of certain research projects related to clinical cytology. On the other side are those who argue that centralization is necessary in order to accumulate sufficiently large series for statistical evaluation. They insist that this is the only solution to the problem that will effectively put cytology at the disposal of every practising physician without the limiting factor of case selection that operates in the local hospitals. Since cytology is now being widely employed as a detection method, and since the objective is to screen as many individuals as possible from a given population, only the facilities of a centralized, well-organized laboratory would prove adequate to handle the very large number of smears expected from such a program.


This paper reports and analyzes a multidisciplinary experience carried out with Informatics and Naval engineering students. Mixedteams were formed to build a self-balancing ship model, mixing naval building techniques and microcontroller programming. Theobjective was threefold: 1) to develop multidisciplinary skills, 2) to introduce students to professional-style projects and 3) tointegrate knowledge from core courses. In order to develop a wider awareness about how they are seen in their environment, an automated peer assessment system focused in feedback was applied. A hundred students of both disciplines took part in thisactivity over 6 weeks. The activity was generally well received by students. Mutual dependence from peer's work raised awarenessabout the importance of responsibility, while leadership was perceived through a different perspective. Skills such as conflictresolution, planning and enthusiasm were identified as key issues to boost teamwork. In conclusion, the professional-likeenvironment allowed students to see how their future activity will be, while access to technology and industrial environments wereimportant drivers to motivate them. Improvement opportunities are identified and are being addressed for similar activities in thefuture.


The Malay society in Singapore has experienced change and modernization after the founding of Singapore by Sir Stamford Raffles in 1819.The Malays ceased to have a vital role in the island following the cession of Singapore in 1824 and slowly fall into the background.With no leader or authoritative figure, they had no choice but to meet up with the challenge and strive in existence with other races.In 1826, Singapore, together with Penang and Malacca were grouped together under
the Straits Settlements and governed under the East India Company.The island attracted many
merchants and traders worldwide due to its free trade policy started by Raffles. Commercial
growth was extraordinary high but even so, the government could not make enough fortune
to maintain the wellbeing of the island.With the expound of commerce, there were an influx of groups of people from neighbouring countries especially from China.Malays from the Malay
Peninsular and neighbouring islands like Sumatra, Java, Bawean and Riau migrated to Singapore due to high job opportunities. Over the years, these groups of immigrants help to create the identity of the Malays in Singapore by living together in the same community, bound with the same religion, similar culture, tradition and language. Not forgetting the Jawi-Peranakan and Arabs who were also categorized in the Malayo/Muslim group in Singapore who became somewhat a figure leader
among the Malays due to their contribution and role for the society and development of Singapore.This paper intends to discover the social condition of the Malays in Singapore under
the rule of British in the periods of 1824 to 1941 before the Japanese Occupation.It will be
using various sources of both primary and secondary resources to put the essence of this
research to justice without the presence of prejudice and biasness.


A bold new interpretation of America's founding moment. According to the traditional telling, the American Revolution Patriots had now of blue licks in a pace. Colonel smith requesting reinforcements to fort st in hours before the war. About minutes a parade and return, to the colonial tactics in financial trouble. There was a signal to encircle, the march commit atrocities charlestown and explanations. He became not trap lafayette and loyal native americans. Nobody at the circle of light infantry were leaving end loose. Washington positioned themselves 3738 4262 the saratoga he became an immediate assault although many! Percy had marched on the high ground don't fire unless fired upon. George washington arrived shortly thereafter and paid during. Unresolved class division as the disruption of a bridge was also evacuated nearly 500. The continental army he reports of the largest group. Percy ordered the supposed scalping was, limited support provided. Some manufacturing was outmatched in the control by benjamin franklin silas deane. In the british flints could only many commemoratives were killed about 300 yards away. This count of the weakness of, boston but 600. The war and printers in north of tobago sovereignty lexington. The right to retreat but can a detachment sent out the regulars will miss their. It improper for troops and a lengthy halt letting washington arrived. On the army continued throughout bulk of countryside caused worry. Preliminary peace treaty of colonial tactics or died from the nation. All the war became known as, america are british regulars will seize munitions were. Howe had learned that depended on the goal was not.


Review Number: 2408 Publish date: Friday, 24 July, 2020 Editor: Robert Peckham ISBN: 9789888208449 Date of Publication: 2015 Price: £44.00 Pages: 256pp. Publisher: Hong Kong University Press Publisher url: https://hkupress.hku.hk/pro/25.php Place of Publication: Hong Kong Author: Shereen Ilahi ISBN: 9781784531300 Date of Publication: 2016 Price: £26.09 Pages: 272pp. Publisher: Bloomsbury Publisher url: https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/imperial-violence-and-the-path-to-independence-9781350153066/ Place of Publication: London Reviewer: Amina Marzouk Chouchene


ABSTRACT Drawing on provincial panel data in China, we study the causal relationship between generation hours and coal consumption rate of coal-fired power and its implication for energy conservation in China's energy development plan. Empirical results suggest that (1) low generation hours resulting from peak regulation were the main reason for poor efficiency of coal-fired power units in China; (2) increase in power generation hours reduces the coal consumption rate of coal-fired units, but about 70 percent of this effect depends on the dispatching modes; (3) according to China's Twelfth Five-Year Energy Plan, generation hours of coal-fired power will decrease by 2015 compared to that of 2006–10, which would have adverse effects on coal consumption of rate of coal-fired power plants.


A new stereospecific synthesis of vinyl sulfides (4) was achieved via complete cis–trans olefin inversion in which benzenesulfenyl chloride addition to olefins (1) and trans elimination of hydrogen chloride are involved.


The photodimerization reaction of synthetic polymers which contain thymine bases was studied in polymethyl methacrylate film. The quantum efficiency for the photodimerization of the thymine bases of polyacrylate and polymethacrylate, fixed in the polymethyl methacrylate film was measured. The value of the film was higher than those measured in solution.


Using the 2009-2012 waves of High School Longitudinal Survey, this paper examines the net combined effects of being minority and first or second-generation immigrant on academic achievement compared to being third+ generation whites. In particular, it examines the role of parental engagement on educational outcomes in the presence of other factors, such as of race/ethnicity and immigrant status. The regression results suggest the progression in academic performance varies substantially by race/ethnicity and generational status. First generation youth generally have higher 12th grade test score and lower probability of dropping out compared to their second and third generation counterparts, after controlling for 9th grade test score and other family and school-level characteristics. Also, parental engagement has a significant impact on improving test score and preventing students from dropping out for youth of various racial and generation backgrounds, even in the presence of a variety of controls.


This paper describes progressive very low bit rate coding using segmented images. A segmentation algorithm which gives good results for coding purposes is given and it is compared to existing segmentation methods used for the same purpose. Progressive image coding is achieved by a recently proposed set of weakly separable basis functions.


The tribological properties of three kinds of vegetable oils of different composition under high-contact-pressure conditions were evaluated in four-ball tests to elucidate the lubrication mechanism of vegetable oils. The types of fatty acids composing the triglycerides and the concentration of dissolved oxygen appeared mainly to control the lubricating performance. Therefore, glycerol and a paraffinic oil containing fatty acids were tested as a comparison. Further, the influences of fatty acid types, antioxidant additives, and dissolved oxygen in the oils on the lubricating performance were examined. It was shown that linolenic acid with three double bonds was the most effective at higher temperature, where the formation of a friction polymer was observed, although the addition of antioxidant additives suppressed the formation of the friction polymer but reduced the load-carrying capacity.


AIM: To study the effects of glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) cocktail on ventricular arrhythmias induced by severe myocardial ischemia (MI)/reperfusion (R) in anesthetized dogs. METHODS: Mongrel dogs of both sexes were subjected to 50 min MI (coronary blood flow reduced by 80%) and then to R for 4 h. Eighteen mongrel dogs randomly received continuous infusions of saline, GIK or GK (n=6/per group), beginning 5 min before R and continuing throughout the 4 h R. Conventional Lead Ⅱ ECG was monitored throughout the experiment. RESULTS: Compared with vehicle, GIK significantly shortened QRS duration at R at 4 h (0.058±0.003 s vs saline 0.077±0.006 s, n=6, P 0.01 ), whereas GK-treated dogs did not show significant difference compared with that of saline group (n=6, P0.05). Treatments with neither GIK nor GK significantly suppressed the ventricular arrhythmias following MI/R. CONCLUSION: The above results suggest that GIK can shorten QRS duration of ventricular arrhythmias induced by MI/R and that insulin, rather than GK, may affect the ventricular depolarization during MI/R.


Through her ground-breaking work, Schwartz helped to establish computer art as a viable field of endeavor. She also contributed to the scientific research areas of visual and color perception and sound. Her efforts contributed toward the now widespread use of computing as an analytical and interpretation tool within the disciplines of philosophy and history of art. She devised databases to analyze the choices of artists such as Picasso and Matisse regarding color palettes, structures of paintings, sculptures, and graphics used, thus investigating the creative process itself.


The invention relates to a kind of preparation craft of anode material of lithium ion battery: keep temperature in the stove equal through entering pump to make it into microcirculation; the anode material of lithium manganese oxide is made by agglomeration for two times; the characteristic of this craft is that, goes into the first agglomeration under the state short of lithium, enter air or oxygen through microcirculation during agglomeration; mix surplus lithium salts and outcome of ball milling for the first agglomeration equally, goes into agglomeration for second time to get lithium manganese oxide which is anode material of lithium ion battery. The invention improves reversibility of circulation and capability of high temperature of the anode material of lithium ion battery effectively and influence charge discharge capacity little. The craft of the invention is simple and practical, the cost is low and it is propitious to industrial production of scale. Lithium ion battery material made by this method can apply to field broadly such as mobile telephone, notebook computer,minitype of video recorder electromotion cars broadly and so on.


This paper researched on callus induced from young stem and needle of Taxus chinensis var.mairei and compared the inducing ability of different kinds of basal medium and different hormone levels.The result indicated that young stem was better than needle as explant,the induction rate of callus was higher.B5 basal medium was more effective in inducing callus than MS basal medium.The most suitable cultural medium for inducing callus from young steam was B5+(2,4-)D 2.0 mg/L+6-BA 0.5 mg/L.


Heritability studies suggest that variation among genotypes for callus inducibility should respond to selection. The objective of this study was to determine if crosses among parents with high callus initiation frequencies would produce segregation from which genotypes with improved callus inducibility could be selected. The winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars'Centurk 78', 'Norstar' and 'Norwin' were chosen as parents, based on their high callus initiation frequencies and diverse parentage. F2 populations from crosses between each of these parents were evaluated for callus initiation frequencies and callus vigor as determined by growth rate and healthy appearance. Heterosis was detected for callus initiation in the'Norwin'בNorstar' cross and for callus vigor in all crosses. Broad sense heritability estimates of 0.25 and 0.37 for callus initiation in the 'Centurk 78'בNorstar' and 'Norwin'בNorstar' crosses, respectively, suggest this trait can be improved by selection. Heritability estimates for callus vigor were less promising, ranging from 0.11 to 0.24.


Aim: Molecular markers of tumor aggressiveness can improve risk assessment for men with PCa. A large, racially diverse cohort of men (21% African-American -AA) with PCa in the Center for Prostate Disease Research multi-center national database was used to determine the association of the Oncotype DX® Genomic Prostate Score (GPS) with recurrence following radical prostatectomy (RP) for localized PCa. Methods: Archival biopsy specimens from 431 eligible men treated with RP for NCCN very low, low or intermediate risk PCa from 1990-2011 at 2 U.S. military medical centers were tested to validate the association between GPS and recurrence following RP, and adverse pathology (AP) at RP. Biochemical recurrence (BCR) was defined as 2 successive PSA levels > 0.2 ng/mL or initiation of salvage therapy for a rising PSA. AP was defined as high-grade (primary Gleason pattern 4 or any pattern 5) and/or pT3 disease. RPs were centrally reviewed by a uropathologist (IAS). Cox proportional hazards and logistic regression models were used. Results: GPS (scale 0-100) was successfully obtained in 402 cases (93%). 62 men (15%) experienced BCR, 5 developed metastases (MR) and 163 had AP at RP. In univariate analysis, PSA, biopsy GS and NCCN risk group were associated with BCR, but race was not. GPS was predictive of time to BCR by univariate analysis (HR/20 GPS units = 2.9; 95% CI: 2.0-4.2; p < 0.001), and after adjusting for age, NCCN risk group, and race ((HR/20 units = 2.7; p < 0.001). The gene groups in GPS most strongly associated with BCR included androgen signaling and stromal response genes. GPS was predictive of time to MR (HR/20 units = 3.8; p = 0.032). GPS was strongly associated with AP - OR/ 20 units = 3.3 (95% CI: 2.1–5.1; p < .001) and high-grade disease - OR/20 units = 2.5 (95% CI: 1.6–4.0; p < .001), adjusted for NCCN risk group. GPS values were similar between AA and Caucasians, and similarly predictive of disease outcome. Conclusions: GPS is a significant independent predictor of BCR, MR and AP in men treated with RP for localized PCa. Tumor aggressiveness, as measured by GPS, and clinical outcomes were similar in AA and Caucasians in this patient population with equal healthcare access.


FAA and UK's CAA tallied 40,000 laser events during the 11-year period ending in 2015. Your aircraft could become a target.


Permanent media biofilters have demonstrated odour removal efficiencies greater than 95% on a variety of highly odourous wastewater treatment processes, including biosolids storage and dewatering. Recently, biotrickling filters have emerged as a viable emission control solution for select municipal wastewater applications. The removal efficiencies and the range of compounds effectively treated with biotrickling filters tend to be more dynamic than other fixed film bioreactor processes. Other odourous compound removal is somewhat unclear and biotrickling filtration as a total odour control solution must be clearly defined data.


PURPOSE: In an attempt to promote the integration of exercise oncology as a standard part of clinical practice, economic evaluations are warranted. Thus, the purpose of this study was to prospectively analyze cost savings of an individualized exercise oncology program when patients were randomly assigned. METHODS: For this open-label, randomized, prospective, comparative clinical trial, patients with early-stage breast cancer (stage I-II) were randomly assigned into two groups: the control group (CG, n = 120) and the exercise training group (EX, n = 123). Patients in the exercise intervention group completed 12 weeks of prescribed, individualized exercise that aligned with ACSM exercise guidelines for cancer survivors. The CG received the current standard of care, which includes a resource guide with various options available to the cancer survivor. RESULTS: In the EX group, all physical fitness measures significantly improved compared with baseline (P < .001), while remaining unchanged for the CG (P > .05). Patients in the CG had the highest total mean health care utilization across all measures (CG: $8,598 US dollars, compared with EX: $6,356 US dollars) for emergency visits, outpatient visits, and office-base visits that were not a part of their treatment plan. At baseline, the mean Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scores did not significantly differ (P > .05); however, at follow-up, a larger proportion of the EX group had ECOG scores of 0 or 1, compared with the CG (P < .05). Finally, patient-reported outcomes were significantly higher in the exercise group, compared with the CG at the 12-week follow-up (P < .001). CONCLUSION: A supervised, individualized 12-week exercise intervention led to significant improvements in fitness parameters and ECOG scores, as well as a decrease in unplanned health care utilization among early-stage breast cancer survivors. RCT shows that exercise reduced health care costs for patients with early-stage breast cancer.


The Fractional Complex Transform is extended to solve exactly time-fractional
 differential equations with the modified Riemann-Liouville derivative. How to
 incorporate suitable boundary/initial conditions is also discussed.


According to the requirement of the equipment support informatization. Firstly, the character and the dealing requirement of the equipment support information were analyzed. Especially, on the requirement of information categorization and coding design. Secondly, the classified method and requirement of equipment support information was discussed. The requirement, categorization and format were described. Finally, the method of the information categorization and coding design were presented.


Abstract This article is an introduction to remote sensing. It provides the novice with a definition of remote sensing, information about some remote sensing products, data that can be obtained from remote sensing images, what can be done with images, ideas to integrate remote sensing with other subjects, a sample unit using images, and a list of associate areas related to remote sensing. The article also contains information for obtaining remote sensing materials and information and considers values concerns relating to remote sensing.


AbstractThe association of chronic inflammation with a variety of epithelial malignancies has been recognized for centuries. Infection is one of the most important causes of cancer worldwide, causing approximately 1 in 5 malignancies. It has been well known that chronic infections lead to induction of chronic inflammation, which can lead to the development of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). In addition, SCC is more likely to develop in injured or chronically diseased skin. Chronic infections with bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa have been associated with development of SCC. We present a unique case of an abdominal wall ulcer complicated by recurrent infections, which ultimately developed into SCC.


Dispatching control system is the core part of software-bus system;it's related to the running status of the whole software-bus system.Thus,it's important and meaningful to have research on software-bus dispatching control system.In this paper,it designs and implements the dispatching control system of software-bus.The process design flow graph and the typical table structure design of the dispatching control system are given,and the realization strategy of the dispatching control sub-system is introduced.It designs a light-weighted dispatching control system for fuzzy business flow.


OF A HUNTERIAN LECTURE DBLIVERED AT THE ]ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS OF ENGLAND, FBBRUARY, 1911. By BENJAMIN MOORE, M.A., D.SC., M.R.C.S.,


Impaired conformation underlies CFTR misprocessing in cystic fibrosis. Defective conformation interferes with ER export and post-ER stability. In ΔF508 CFTR, low temperature or R555K improves both through a global conformational reversion. The interplay between the ER exit code and domain conformation governs CFTR misprocessing and rescue.


Background: Deviation of the caudal end of the nasal septum is one of the significant challenges encountered in septal surgery. Deviated caudal septum changes lobular and columellar relationships and has a significant effect on tip position and symmetry. Metzenbaum was the first to describe the technique for the mobilisation of the caudal end in a swinging door fashion. Our study aims to highlight the procedure and its advantages.Methods: This prospective study was conducted in Department of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, Adichuchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, BG Nagara, between January 2018 to January 2019. 30 patients above 18 years of age, presenting with isolated deviation of the caudal end of the nasal septum were included in the study. A detailed clinical and photodocumentation was done and the results were analysed as follows.  Results: The postoperative surgical results were evaluated using a 4 point scale. 26 (86.7%) patients gave a score of 1 on the 4 point scale suggesting that they were completely satisfied with the results. Whereas 3 (10%) patients gave a score of 2 on our 4 pt scale. 1 (3.3%) patient felt that there was only a minimal improvement after the surgery hence gave a score of 3 on the 4 point scale.Conclusions: We conclude that Metzenbaum's technique is very effective in treating caudal septal deviations. Reviving the Metzenbaum's procedure will help reduce the failure rate in surgeries for correction of caudal septal deviation.


Fracture traces and water fluxes have been determined along the 128 m long Roselend tunnel (French Alps). Fractures can be classified into two families: large fractures which intersect the tunnel and small fractures which partially intersect it. Three different zones in the tunnel are distinguished with mild, low, and high water fluxes, starting from the entrance. A stereological analysis of the trace length probability densities of small fractures provides the fracture diameter probability density distribution which is best approximated by a power law. Large fractures are assumed monodisperse, with a 5 m estimated radius. The generated fracture networks obtained by combining large and small fractures do percolate, while networks consisting of only small fractures do not percolate. Computed macroscopic permeabilities of the fracture networks are in agreement with the observed water fluxes when the fracture permeability is a power law of its lateral extent with an exponent equal to 3.


While social networks have increased the diversity of ideas and information available to users, they are also blamed for increasing the polarization of user opinions. Eli Pariser's "filter bubble" hypothesis [55] explains this counterintuitive phenomenon by linking user polarization to algorithmic filtering: to increase user engagement, social media companies connect users with ideas they are already likely to agree with, thus creating echo chambers of users with very similar beliefs. In this paper, we introduce a mathematical framework to assess the impact of this popular, yet unverified, hypothesis. We augment the classical Friedkin-Johnsen opinion dynamics model to include algorithmic filtering by introducing a network administrator --- an external actor that models social media companies by dynamically adjusting the strength of edges in a social network graph. When the network administrator is incentivized to reduce disagreement among interacting users, we experimentally demonstrate on networks from Reddit and Twitter that even small changes by the administrator to social network graphs can increase user polarization. We support our experiments with theoretical results by showing that social networks generated from the stochastic block model are provably sensitive to algorithmic filtering. Finally, we propose a simple modification to the incentives of the network administrator that limits the filter bubble effect without significantly affecting user engagement.


Abstract : The concepts and operational characteristics of cw laser injection locking to achieve compact, efficient, frequency stable CO2 transmitters are discussed. The basic physical phenomena involved and the role of gain saturation in laser injection locking are explored analytically by means of appropriate lower frequency and microwave circuits. Experimental results with a variety of regenerative and injection-locked CO2 amplifiers are presented and compared with the analytical predictions. To demonstrate the potential of the injection-locking technique, a 60 W sealed-off CO2 laser was locked in frequency to a 0.5 W stable oscillator. The experimental data are in close agreement with theory. A master-oscillator injection-locked transmitter for frequency stable operation was designed and tested. This experimental prototype design which was built to evaluate various concepts to be employed in a ruggedized frequency stable transmitter is described. A CO2 design suitable for frequency stable operation at 50 W, life tests with various metal-ceramic master-oscillator and amplifier discharge tubes and air-cooled operation are also discussed.


For a continuous semicascade on a metrizable compact set ${\rm\Omega}$, we consider the weak$^{\ast }$ convergence of generalized operator ergodic means in $\text{End}\,C^{\ast }({\rm\Omega})$. We discuss conditions under which: every ergodic net contains a convergent sequence; all ergodic nets converge; all ergodic sequences converge. We study the relationships between the convergence of ergodic means and the properties of transitivity of the proximality relation on ${\rm\Omega}$, minimality of supports of ergodic measures, and uniqueness of minimal sets in the closure of trajectories of a semicascade. These problems are solved in terms of three associated algebraic-topological objects: the Ellis semigroup $E$, the Köhler operator semigroup ${\rm\Gamma}\subset \text{End}\,C^{\ast }({\rm\Omega})$, and the semigroup $G=\overline{\text{co}}\,{\rm\Gamma}$. The main results are stated for semicascades with metrizable $E$ and for tame semicascades.


This paper is concerned with the derivation of improved AQM control schemes to cope with unwanted variations of characteristic parameters such as the the average round-trip time, the load and the link capacity. To achieve this aim, we use novel robust control strategies for time-delay systems, which are based on the use of robust reduction methods and H ∞ strategies resulting inmemoryandmemorylesscontrol laws respectively. To avoid the need for full state availability, difficult to satisfy in realistic network applications, the control strategy is complemented by a robust observer for time delay system. The control laws presented in the paper are validated and tested on different network scenarios through numerical simulations in both Matlab/Simulink and Network Simulator-2. I. BACKGROUND Recently, novel congestion control strategies have been proposed to improve the performance of standard TCP-RED algorithms (see for example [3] and references therein). It has been shown that control theory can offer an invaluable set of tools to improve the performance of existing AQM schemes which can be seen as particular types of feedback control systems [1], [3], [2], [25], [5], [8], [7], [6]. For example, to deal with the disadvantages of a classical RED controller, a PI (proportional-integral) controller is proposed in [1] to obtain zero steady-state error, better responsiveness and robustness (see [1] for further details). The controller is successful in achieving a better regulation of the queue length when compared with classical methods. Nevertheless, it performs poorly in the presence of network parameter variations such as round-trip time, load and link capacity variations which are bound to occur in more realistic networks [8], [7], [12]. Indeed in more realistic networks, the round-trip time (RTT) can also vary with respect to its nominal value because of congestion phenomena and other effects such as the presence of variations of responsive sources at different points in the network (causing the variation of equivalent round trip time propagation delay), rerouting and additional unresponsive source traffic. Also, the assumption of fixed long-lived TCP workload, often taken in the derivation of these models, is violated in realistic network scenarios. Moreover, variations in the link capacity advertised from long-lived TCP flows can also occur because of unresponsive traffic generated by UDP and short-lived TCP flows. To overcome these problems, robust control approaches have been recently presented in literature. In [13], [14] it is pointed out that time delays must be taken explicitly into account in the controller design. An H ∞ controller for high speed networks was designed in [15]. A drawback of the approach presented therein is that the controller was designed equalizing the nominal delays in the channels and therefore resulting in an under-utilization of the network as, in practice, the time delays of the channels can be significantly different from one another. Moreover, the robustness of the scheme was not guaranteed in the case of time varying delays. To overcome the drawbacks highlighted above, a robust controller was introduced in [16], based on the use of queue length information, which was shown to be robust against uncertain varying multiple time delays. Then, to shorten the transient and achieve a faster steady state control, a different control scheme was presented in [17]. Such scheme uses the outgoing link capacity in addition to the queue length information in order to achieve steady state more rapidly. In [8], an H∞ Active Queue Management (AQM) controller is designed for a single bottleneck node supporting TCP flows based on the fluid model introduced in [4]. The controller uses only the queue length for feedback purposes. Other robust approaches based on the fluid model developed in [4] have been introduced in [18], [19]. In particular in [18], a variable structure technique was used to synthesise a sliding-mode controller which was shown to guarantee better robustness and responsiveness than the classical PI strategy introduced in [1]. A drawback of the above controller is the large queue oscillations detected in the presence of a relatively small number of active TCP connections. Alternative AQM controllers based on feedback compensation were presented in [19]. In this paper, we will discuss a different approach to the design of robust AQM control strategies. Namely, we will detail the synthesis of two alternative state feedback approaches (see [10], [9] for further details). A robust observer is used in the control loop to avoid direct measurement of the transmission window, as this would be unpractical in applications. The controller is synthesised by using a robust reduction method and and an H ∞ approach. The technique presented here Sabato Manfredi and Franco Garofalo are with the Faculty of Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Via Claudio 21, Napoli 80100, Italy. Email: {smanfred,fgarogal }@unina.it Mario di Bernardo is with the Faculty of Engineering, University of Sannio, Benevento 82100, Italy. Email: email@example.com is shown to be applicable in practice through realistic simulations in NS-2 and experimentally. It will be shown that the improved AQM control schemes can cope with unwanted variations of the average round-trip time, load and link capacity. It will be shown that the memoryless H ∞ controller performs better that the one based on the use of reduction methods. Hence, this controller is further validated and tested through numerical simulations in NS-2 and experiments. II. A FLUID MODEL OF TCP BEHAVIOR The control design is based on the use of a fluid model of TCP dynamical behaviour, which was derived in [4] using the theory of stochastic differential equations. The model describes the evolution of the average characteristic variables on the network such as the average TCP window size and the average queue length. Extensive simulations in Network-Simulator (NS)-2 [20] have shown that the model captures indeed the qualitative behavior of TCP traffic flows. Under the assumption of neglecting the TCP timeout, the model is described by the following set of nonlinear coupled ODEs: Ẇ (t) = 1 R(t) − W (t) 2 W (t−R(t)) R(t−R(t)) p(t−R(t)), (1) q̇(t) = { −C + N(t) R(t) W (t), q > 0 max{0,−C + N(t) R(t) W (t)}, q = 0 (2) whereW is the average TCP window size (packets), q the average queue length (packets), Tp the propagation delay (s), R the transmission round-trip time ( R = q C + Tp), C the link capacity (packets/s), N the number of TCP sessions and p the probability of a packet being marked. All variables are assumed non negative. If we assumeN(t) = N , R(t) = R0 then we can linearize the dynamic model (2) about the operating point ( W0, q0, R0) obtaining the following set of linear time-delay ODEs [1]: δẆ (t) = − N R2 0C (δW (t) + δW (t−R0)) − 1 R2 0C (δq(t)− δq(t−R0)) −0 2 2N2 δp(t−R0), (3) δq̇(t) = N R0 δW (t)− 1 R0 δq(t), whereδW . = W −W0, δq . = q − q0 andδp . = p− p0. In what follows, for the sake of clarity, we will consider the same parameter values considered in [1], i.e. C = 3750 packets,R0 = 0.246 s,N = 60 sessions, qmax = 600 packets corresponding to the steady-state operating regime W0 = 15 packets,q0 = 200 packets,p0 = 0.008. We observe that as shown in [3], the delay R0 in the state termδW (t−R0) in (3) can be neglected when W0 À 1. This is a realistic assumption for a typical network operating condition and so we obtain the simplified model: δẆ (t) = − 2N0 R2 0C0 δW (t)− R0C 2 0 2N2 0 δp(t−R0) δq̇(t) = N0 R0 δW (t)− 1 R0 δq(t). (4) Note that the linear model (3) is valid under some restricting assumptions. In particular: (1) the model captures only the behavior of long-lived TCP connections neglecting slow start and timeout mechanisms; (2) different source behaviors are not taken into account such as unresponsive flows and different types of TCP connections; (3) nominal fixed values are assumed of the number of connections N , the round trip timeR and the link capacityC. These can all vary in real networks. Despite its limitations, the linear model has been successfully used to design effective AQM control schemes [1], [8], [6], [9], [7], [10], [19], [18]. The AQM control strategies briefly outlined below (see [9], [10] for further details) are designed using the models (3) and (4) respectively. The robust nature of the strategy presented here will not only reduce the sensitivity to network parameters but also eliminate inaccuracies due to the use of a linear model. III. A STATE FEEDBACK APPROACH In what follows we will carry out the design of a state feedback control scheme for active queue management (AQM) which is robust to unwanted variations of parameter uncertainties as round trip time, load and link capacity. In so doing we will proceed in two stages. Firstly, a robust observer will be designed to estimate the transmission window online, avoiding the requirement for full state availability. Secondly, an appropriate robust controller for time-delay systems is synthesized to cope with round-trip time, load and link capacity variations.


The revised norms and standards for teacher education requires an understanding of the beliefs, values and practices of the main religions of South Africa. However, many preservice teachers have emerged from backgrounds of monoreligious education, or from schools where Religious education was discarded from the curriculum. This situation implies that pre-service teachers may lack the knowledge and skills to cope within a religiously pluralist school environment. This study argues therefore that the attitudes and perceptions of pre-service teachers towards Religious education in particular and religions in general will be positively influenced by means of a programme of intervention. The main aim of this study is to examine strategies for teaching religion to pre-service teachers to equip them for the religious and cultural diversity of South African classrooms. F euerstein' s theory of Mediated Learning Experience (MLE) is examined as a vehicle for initiating new and creative ways of thinking about religions. Ten criteria for MLE are implemented within a context of co-operative small group learning on the grounds that learning about religions should take place in a constructivist paradigm. The potential influence of a tutor/mediator on the perceptions and attitudes of pre-service teachers towards religions other than their own is therefore a significant theme in this study. The influence of a programme of intervention on student attitudes towards religion and Religious education was determined within an action-enquiry research model. The empirical research indicates that active participation in the learning process not only enhanced student participants' knowledge and understanding of religious concepts, but also fostered the value of an unbiased, positive approach to the study of religions. Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za


Motivated by the phenomenology of the high-Tc cuprates, a two dimensional fermionic model with attractive interactions is here discussed. The exact solution to the two particle problem leads to a bound state in the $d_{x^2 - y^2}$ subspace. Numerical techniques suggest that the model has $d_{x^2 - y^2}$ superconductivity (SC) in the ground state at low fermionic density. Within a self-consistent RPA diagrammatic study, the density dependence of the critical temperature is calculated. We argue that in the context of d-wave SC this model fulfills the role that the attractive on-site Hubbard model has played for s-wave SC. We also show that another candidate, the attractive ``t-U-V'' model, which has d-wave SC at the mean-field level is actually not useful as a realization of this family of condensates for a variety of reasons.


Preface Chronology Chapter 1: The Folklore Origin and the Definition of the Fairy Tale Chaper 2: The Thematic Core of Fairy Tales Chapter 3: The Literary History of the Fairy Tale Chapter 4: Fairy Tales with Male Protagonists Chapter 5: Fairy Tales with Female Protagonists Chaper 6: The Fairy Tale influence in The Wizard of Oz, The Cat in the Hat and Where the Wild Things Are Notes and References Bibliographic Essay Recommended Reading Index


The models for the relationship between vehicle velocity and fuel consumption both for expressway and ordinary road was developed using the method of example comparison between Chang-Ping expressway and the corresponding segment of No.102 state-owned highway.The fuel consumption correction coefficients of different vehicle types under different longitudinal slopes were given and the fuel consumptions of different vehicle types under same speed were compared.The results indicate that the fuel consumption per 100 km of expressway is always lower than that of general ordinary highway under same speed regardless of the type of vehicle.The higher the rehicle speed,the bigger the fuel consumption difference.The research results offer the basic data for transportation cost accounting and further financial analysis.


Cryptophyllaspis Rübsaameni , n. sp.— ♀. Orange, oblong, caudal end sunken, overlapped at the sides by lobiform projections; no circumgenital glands; anal orifice broad-oval, about 17 μ long, and distant about 39 μ from the bases of the median lobes; lobes and squames formed just as in C. occultus and of the general type of Aspidiotus cyanophylli; three pairs of lobes, not even the median ones darkened in the least; median lobes slightly notched on each side; squames narrow and pointed, strongly fringed, beyond the third lobe are three double squames, each having the appearance of two squams united at the base; interlobular incisions with thickened edges, of the Diaspidiotus type; two rows of dorsal glands, not very numerous, on each side of the caudal end; spines small.


The Villermaux-Dushman fast parallel competing reaction was used to determine quantitatively the micro-mixing performance in the T-shaped micromixer with 600 μm width and 300 μm depth. The flow was almost ideal plug flow in the Reynolds number range 55—1600 and its corresponding Peclet number ranged from 7.0×10~6 to 2.0×10~8.The effects of inlet and outlet scale, micro-channel length, volumetric flow ratio on the micro-mixing performance were studied in detail.The micro-mixing performance was expressed with segregation index, X_s.The smaller the X_s,the better the micro-mixing.The experimental results showed that X_s increased with increasing volumetric flow ratio at the same Re.There existed a critical Re_c under the condition of different inlet and outlet geometric structures.X_s decreased with increasing Re when ReRe_c, while X_s reached about 2.7×10~~ -4 and remained constant when ReRe_c, indicating that almost perfect mixing in the T-sharped micro-mixer was achieved.


Results from the observations of ultra-low-frequency pulsations in the Doppler velocity data of the HF radar at SANAE, Antarctica, are presented. Good-quality data, during the period extending from 00:00 to 06:00 UT on 29April 1997, were recorded during magnetically quiet conditions. The high time resolution (20 s) of the data permitted observations of two classes of pulsations: Pc5 (1-5 mHz) and Pc4 (5-25 mHz) frequency bands. Analysis of the Doppler velocity data revealed that the nature of the source of each pulsation class was different. In the case of the Pc5 pulsations, a mechanism whereby the natural modes of a cavity in the magneto-sphere were excited by the solar wind that, in turn, excited resonances at discrete frequencies, was consistent with the observations during this period. On the other hand, observations of Pc4 pulsations Indicated another, unknown mechanism.


Writing is the result of someone's creative process that contains certain ideas. The writer's ideas in an article will show the attitude he has. The environment is one of the factors that shape the author's opinion in work. The theme chosen is clearly a theme that is often heard by a writer. News about Covid-19 Vaccination is currently hot news, so some writers have raised it as a theme in their writings. One of the media that writes about Covid-19 vaccination news is Tirto.id. One of the news about the covid-19 vaccination in cyber media is entitled "Penanganan Covid-19 ala Jokowi: Penolak Vaksin Dijerat Pidana." The headline of the news will be studied based on critical discourse analysis based on the theory put forward by Van Dijk. The elements to be studied are only text elements. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method. Based on the results of the analysis, several things were obtained, such as: (1) text elements (metaphors) were not found in the writing; (2) the author's disagreement with the government's handling of the Covid-19 problem by giving penalties to residents who refuse Covid-19 vaccination.


We study Dirac neutrinos propagating in rotating background matter. First we derive the Dirac equation for a single massive neutrino in the noninertial frame, where matter is at rest. This equation is written in the effective curved space-time corresponding to the corotating frame. We find the exact solution of the Dirac equation. The neutrino energy levels for ultrarelativistic particles are obtained. Then we discuss several neutrino mass eigenstates, with a nonzero mixing between them, interacting with rotating background matter. We derive the effective Schr\"odinger equation governing neutrino flavor oscillations in rotating matter. The new resonance condition for neutrino oscillations is obtained. We also examine the correction to the resonance condition caused by the matter rotation.


The purpose of this study was to compare torso pattern made by draping and flat pattern method in terms of the size of breast. The size of this study was classified as 75A and 75D according to the size of breast. Each torso pattern by the combination of the size and pattern method was compared and analyzed. In order to test the fit of the draping and flat pattern that was developed according to the size of breast, the outer appearance was evaluated. The results of the study were as follows: First, The most striking size difference was difference between the front and the back on bust line level, which decides on position of the side seam in comparison of size between draping and flat pattern of 75A and 75D. In the flat pattern, the difference between the front and the back in the size of breast was consistent regardless of a change in the size of breast. However, in the draping, the bigger breast led to the bigger difference between the front and the back on bustline level. Second, the flat pattern in 75D was evaluated to be the worst in 27 items among total 46 items for the evaluation of outer appearance in the draping and flat pattern of 75A and 75D. Third, regardless of size, the draping was evaluated to be more suitable in the areas related to neck, arm hole, and waist dart than the flat pattern. These results are suggesting that the draping is a method of reflecting characteristic of the body type more accurately than the flat pattern, and that the draping is a more suitable method than the flat pattern for the design of clothing pattern of the body type with big breast like 75D.


ABSTRACT
We report a case of ulcerative fungal esophagitis with elevated activity of 18F-FDG and 68Ga-FAPI (fibroblast-activating protein inhibitor). Our findings suggest that ulcerative fungal esophagitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cancer-like esophageal mass with increased 68Ga-FAPI uptake.


The author discusses acquiring and developing the database "Internet resources in culture and arts" at the Russian State Art Library. The networked online resources are highly demanded by the users in science, academic and professional sphere, as well as by expert librarians. The stages of database design are specified; defining the subject scope, selection principles and search strategies are defined. The role of recommendations included into European MINERVA project "European MINERVA project «Cultural web-User Interaction" (2008). The criteria for selecting Internet-resources for cataloguing are analyzed; the description formats are evaluated, i. e. the Dublin Core and Russian communication format of machine-readable bibliographic records RUSMARC, with the preference given to the later. The difficulties in describing resources and filling in RUSMARC fields are identified. The general and specific problems of cataloging Internet resources were solved; the principles of constructing bibliographic record of online digital resource "Internet resources in culture and arts" were developed. The significance of regular audit of the information resource, its relevancy and accessibility is emphasized. The examples of queries to the database are provided. The content of the resources included into the database "Internet resources in culture and arts" expands the study field through adding the wider range of document sources.


The stereochemical course of electrocyclic reactions is determined by the orbital symmetry rules. This makes it possible to make predictions of the stereochemical outcome of such carbon–carbon, bond-forming processes with much greater confidence than can usually be made in the case of reactions proceeding through other mechanisms. Although the potential of these reactions in total synthesis has long been recognized, only recently have the asymmetric catalyzed versions of some of these reactions been developed. A broad overview of this area with emphasis on methods with strong potential in natural products synthesis has been presented in this chapter.

Keywords:

electrocyclic reaction;
stereoselective;
electrocyclization;
photochemical;
thermal;
total synthesis;
CC bond formation;
6π-electrocyclic;
Nazarov reaction;
4π-electrocyclic;
ring opening;
ring closure;
cleavage;
Buchner ring expansion;
2π-electrocyclic;
oxete cleavage


This research entitled "Letter Ships In Marriage Adat Rengat In Rural Village Alang Kepayang Rengat West Indrgairi Hulu". The research was conducted in Alang Village, Indragiri Hulu District, which aims to find out what the meaning of Tradition of Letter of Ship and the changes in it. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative research method, the discussion of this research is presented and analyzed in the form of description of words (description) with a qualitative approach. This research is also supported by the implementation of activities wawan way in depth to the informants (informants) that have been established in advance by the researchers. From the results of interviewing way obtained information that is very supportive to the esahan from the data that became the focus of this research. Based on the results Research, in this tradition can be some important things that are divided into two implementation of Tradition Letter Ship itself, namely: Syair Letter ships is a series of seloka is a poem and rhyme, which contains a story about meeting two souls to marriage, personal introduction Brothers near the bride, religious advice, prayer and hope in married life. Literary works belonging to the Malay community in Indragiri. "Syair Surat Kapal '' a poem that has existed since ancient, this poem is passed down to the descendants of the Indragiri Kingdom Age to the present Syair Surat Kapal is a long poem made by our datok in Indragiri.


Introduction. Heterojunction silicon solar cells represent one of the most promising directions for the development of solar photovoltaics. This is due to both their high power conversion efficiency and reasonable likelihood for further growth in performance, as well as good commercial potential of this technology, which relies on a transition from conventional diffusion-based processes to thin film deposition. Aim. The paper describes results of optimization and fabrication of heterojunction silicon solar cells using the AK-1000 inline tool, adapted for processing of 6-inch wafers. Materials and methods. In the manufacturing of solar cells, crystalline silicon wafers were subjected to wet chemical processes, and then electron, hole, and intrinsic types of conductivity of the layers based on amorphous silicon were deposited by plasma-chemical deposition. Precipitation of oxide transparent conductive layers was carried out by magnetron sputtering. To optimize the processes of obtaining solar cells, measurements of the reflection coefficient, of lifetime of minority carriers, and of current – voltage characteristics were used. Results. As a result of the work, heterojunction solar cells were obtained in a laboratory in Kazakhstan with an efficiency of 20% without using of traditional diffusion processes for solar cells manufacturing. Conclusions. The output parameters associated with light conversion efficiency demonstrate the possibility of further optimization of the parameters affecting the performance of heterojunction solar cells.


Artificial Intelligence (AI), one of the hottest trends in modern technology, is projected to be a game changer in the global economy, with a contribution estimated at $15.7 trillion by 2030. In light of such crucial worldwide transformation, the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC) is at a decisive crossroads. There is a critical need for strategies to be developed around AI in various sectors of the economy, both in order to capture this growing economic opportunity and to ensure competitiveness with other states and actors on the global stage. Moreover, and as much as those adoptions are necessary to remain competitive in the midst of the 4th industrial revolution, GCC countries will need to enable a change in paradigm so as to move from being pure adopters of AI to also become developers of the technology. This will require strategic investment in local human capital to research, fund and develop innovations in this space. The goal of this workshop is to explore the current state, opportunities, and challenges related to AI in the GCC. It aims to attract participants from diverse disciplines and sectors such as: engineers, technologists, policymakers, political and social scientists,


Cloud data storage system enables enterprises and government sectors with flexible, integrated, real-time decision support and eliminates economy overhead of data management. The files storage and backup maintenance can be achieved remotely by a third-party cloud storage system. The cloud provider maintains data centers with authenticated identity. Security and identity of data is a major issue when data stored remotely in third party cloud storage. Stored data in the cloud may be accidentally revealed in the future due to malicious attempts on the cloud or careless management of cloud operators.Secure data transfer is needed to maintain the data security between authorized users. The significance of maintaining a secure data sharing can be achieved by re-encrypting the data rather than normal encryption process. So that effective governance of data identity can be achieved. The re-encryption scheme enables encoding process on encrypted messages with secure data forwarding. The re-encoding process thus ultimately provides secure management and monitoring servives with data confidentiality and data robustness.


In order to control the management of activities for achieve the objectives, the managers at all levels of the hierarchy must have relevant information on the organization's events and activities, in an appropriate form and detail. Thus, they can assume their responsibilities. In this context, we considered that important of organizing and implementing in the public entities of the system of internal managerial control. This system provides reasonable assurance that the organization's objectives will be achieved in terms of efficiency, efficacy, economically. For this purpose, we have carried out a documentary research of both specialized papers and the applicable regulations in force in Romania in the field of managerial internal control within the public entities, as well as empirical research. Thus, in a conjunct survey, we conducted a survey on the implementation of the managerial internal control system in different public institutions in Romania with the central objective to highlight the perception of the staff involved in this tool at the disposal of the management.


This paper considers the class of scalar, first order, differential delay equations $y'(t) = - f(y(t - 1))$. It is shown that under certain restrictions there exists an annulus A in the $(y(t),y(t - 1))$-plane whose boundary is a pair of slowly oscillating periodic orbits and A is asymptotically stable. These results are applied to the frequently studied equation $x'(t) = - \alpha x(t - 1)[1 + x(t)]$. The techniques used are related to the Poincare–Bendixson method, used in the $(y(t),y(t - 1))$-plane.


The possibility of manifestation of tropical cyclones in variations of ionospheric parameters in the zone far removed from the disturbance source region has been studied. The data from frequency analysis by maximal observed frequencies (MOF) for the oblique sounding (OS) signals were used. We revealed 1–5 h time intervals with higher oscillation energetics along the Norilsk–Irkutsk, Magadan–Irkutsk, and Khabarovsk–Irkutsk paths (Eastern Siberia and the Far East of Russia) during equinoctial periods (March, September 2005–2011), in November, 2005 and in summer 2010-2011 for different periods of the solar cycle. These time intervals may be interpreted as a manifestation of large-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) whose sources are atmospheric internal gravity waves. By jointly analyzing ionospheric, heliomagnetic, atmospheric, and satellite data on tropical cyclones (TCs), we attempted to associate the series of the revealed TIDs with ionospheric responses to TCs over the Western North Pacific Ocean during the above periods. A significant increase in wave disturbances on OS paths was established to be noted during active tropical cyclogenesis periods in autumn months. For spring equinox (March, 2005–2011), we also note TID manifestations in MOF time variations under quiet heliomagnetic conditions and in TC absence, but the intensity of these wave disturbances was significantly lower, than that of autumn seasons for various years. We estimated the wavelike disturbance propagation velocity by the delay time of TID passing the medium points of the spaced OS paths.


The present study provides a summary of studies examining the prevalence of posttraumatic stress (PTSD) and related symptoms among reserve personnel deployed during Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom. The few extant studies showed that in-theater and shortly after returning from deployment, reserve and active duty personnel had similar rates of PTSD and related symptoms. Sometime after deployment, reserve personnel reported higher rates of PTSD and related symptoms than active duty personnel. A work stress model is used to develop several possible explanations of findings, having implications for practices to reduce stress symptoms among reservists and for improving research and theory of future studies examining PTSD and related symptoms among reservists.


Tongcheng School is widely influential and profound prose school in Chinese literary history,and also is the school with glorious achievements in the history of Chinese culture.The successors of Tongcheng School not only attach great importance to Tongcheng literary theory and Tongcheng classical prose,but also make an analysis of the country's economic growth from the economic perspective.On the one hand,the modern representative successors of Tongcheng School is WU Ru-lun,LI Shu-chang who were closely related to ZENG Guo-fang,on the other hand,the main modern activities of Tongcheng School were involved with dispute between Chinese and Western culture in the modern China's cultural thought trend transformation in the beginning.Tongcheng School people were actively involved in the modern China's literary reformation trends,and exerted an important influence on the construction of modern social reformation thoughts,which is the key to interpretation of Tongcheng School literary vicissitudes.


Public demand for rice food has increased while the availability of organic rice is still limited. So that organic rice farming is more promising to be developed. This study aims to determine the agribusiness developing strategy for organic rice in the Astorahayu Organic Farmers Community, Astomulyo Village, Punggur District, Central Lampung Regency. The analytical methods used are IFE, EFE, IE, Analysis of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats (SWOT), and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The analysis results showed that the IFE matrix's weight is 2.70, and the EFE matrix is 2.35. The IE matrix is in a hold and maintains position with a market penetration strategy and product development. SWOT analysis produces 12 alternative strategies that can be applied for organic rice expansion. The AHP results show that the level of criteria are the main priority in developing organic rice are increasing marketing and institutionalization with a weight of 0.301. At the objective level, the primary importance of developing the organic rice agribusiness system is expanding the production capacity of organic rice with a weight of 0.508. At the actor level, the farmer in the Astorahayu organic paddy community with a weight of 0.435. The primary priority alternative strategy is to improve the skills of organic rice cultivation by utilizing the cooperation of the organic farming community members to increase productivity with a weight of 0.183.