A major player on the world stage, China influences nearly all spheres of international interaction. The global community was reminded of this fact in 2003, when Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) became the first epidemic of global scope in the 21st century. The disease, originating in China's Guangdong Province, spread to over thirty countries, killing more than 800 people while negatively impacting international trade and transportation and inspiring fears of a global pandemic. Following the outbreak, China's disease prevention and control mechanisms came under fire by international public health experts who had hailed China's pre-reform health care system as a model for reducing incidences of infectious diseases in developing countries. The China Review, Vol. 7, No. 1 (Spring 2007), 81–107 Jonathan SCHWARTZ, PhD is professor of Political Science at SUNY New Paltz. His primary research focus is on comparative studies of epidemic response effectiveness in China, Taiwan and the United States. Gregory EVANS, PhD, MPH is the founder and Director of the Institute for Bio-Security at the Saint Louis University School of Public Health. He is a Professor of Environmental Health and has 30 years of experience in environmental epidemiology. His primary research focus is bio-security and disaster preparedness. Sarah GREENBERG, BA in Political Science at SUNY New Paltz is an Operations and Research Associate at Innovest Strategic Value Advisors. The firm specialises in incorporating environmental, social and strategic governance issues into investment analysis. 82 Jonathan Schwartz, R. Gregory Evans and Sarah Greenberg In this paper we focus on China's efforts to address the failures of its health care provision system in the post-reform period preceding the SARS outbreak. We begin by describing the health care provision model under Mao, a model that proved effective at dramatically reducing incidences of infectious disease across China. We then consider the reforms to the health care model following Deng Xiaoping's initiation of economic policy reforms in 1979. Finally, we evaluate recent Chinese efforts to reform the health care system and the implications arising from these reform efforts in the context of infectious disease outbreaks. We argue that the key weaknesses in China's efforts to control SARS can be linked to China's economic liberalisation in the 1980s and the subsequent abandonment of key aspects of the Financial Law, and Maoist health care provision model. Furthermore, we suggest that a streamlined disease prevention and control system, in part modelled on the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) system, is insufficient to tackle the threat of future disease outbreaks. China's Health Care System from 1949 to 1979 Between 1949 and 1979, the People's Republic of China (PRC) achieved broad success in providing basic and preventive health care to its large and widely-spread population. Under Mao's leadership, the health care model focused on the health care needs of the largely rural peasant base, which were largely a result of occupational hazards of farming and animal husbandry, and inadequate access to potable water, nutritious food and basic environmental sanitation. The PRC's health care ideology focused on meeting all residents' health care needs through preventive care financing schemes. These schemes included directing national health resources to rural areas and pursuing collective preventive health aims through National Patriotic Health Campaigns. The central government also established an extensive health care provision hierarchy to oversee health care and disease prevention services from the national to the county level. These services were funded by central and local governments, and provided by both professional and non-professional health workers. The Maoist health care model led to substantial improvement in China's collective health, including a decline in the infant mortality rate from 200 per 1,000 live births in 1949 to 47 per 1,000 live births in 1973, and an increase in life expectancy from 35 to 65 over the same period. Evolution of Health Provision in Pre-SARS China 83 Between 1949 and 1979, the Maoist health care model also effectively reduced incidences of infectious disease, with some eighty percent of the population completing the "epidemiological transition". Normally occurring only in high income countries, this transition from communicable diseases to chronic diseases as the leading causes of morbidity and mortality, reflected improvements in health care interventions. Notable successes included the eradication of Smallpox by 1960, the fall of Tuberculosis as the leading cause of death in pre-1949 China to the ninth ranked cause of death in 1980, and a reduction in the annual incidence of Schistosomiasis from 32 million cases to only two million over the same time period. Crucial to Maoist health care successes was the extensive health care provision bureaucracy. The Ministry of Health (MoH) was established as the primary government agency responsible for setting health policy. The MoH operated on a vertical structure paralleling Chinese political administrative divisions from the central to the county level. At each level, a health agency was established that was responsible both to its corresponding level of government and to the public health office at the level above it (Figure 1). The central government established targets for the entire health sector, public health officials devised technical plans for reaching these targets, and local government officials ensured the targets were met. Between 1949 and 1979, this hierarchical network was in large part responsible for implementing the public health initiatives that contributed to the successes achieved throughout the Chinese population. Epidemic Prevention Stations (EPS) played a major role in the Maoist disease prevention efforts and were fully funded by their corresponding level of government, coming under the administrative aegis of the corresponding level health agency (Figure 1). EPS responsibilities included infectious diseases surveillance and running sanitation, immunisation and health education programmes. County-level EPS, with between three and ten staff members, served as hubs between local service providers and the remainder of the government health bureaucracy. Thus, county-level EPS both organised and supervised the work of rural public health service providers, and also reported up the administrative ladder to provincial-level EPS. The close ties that were encouraged among service providers throughout the public health system ensured that senior professional health workers oversaw and supported the grassroots health services. The public health system in both rural and urban areas employed non84 Jonathan Schwartz, R. Gregory Evans and Sarah Greenberg Figure 1. The Rural Chinese Disease Prevention System: 1949–1979 Arrows ( ) indicate bureaucratic lines of control. Thicker arrows imply stronger relationships. Bureaucratic lines of control may differ for issues other than disease prevention and control. Communes were the lowest level of government. Production Brigades fell under commune administration. State


Excavations and sediment screenwashing at the Middle Jurassic Berezovsk Quarry locality in Krasnoyarsk Territory, Russia, yielded rare isolated teeth, osteoderms and fragments of cranial bones of crocodyliforms. All these remains were referred to Goniopholididae indet. on the basis of the following combination of features: a relatively narrow and long snout, contribution of splenials to the mandibular symphysis, dermal sculpturing consists of almost circular and slightly elongated oval pits, polygonal ventral osteoderms, and conical teeth with strongly striated crowns with weakly developed unserrated lateral carinae. The Berezovsk goniopholidid represents one of the oldest goniopholidid records in Asia and, geographically, the northernmost occurrence of this group in the Jurassic of Asia.


Improving performance quality becomes a main goal of every developing company. The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of labor discipline, motivation and leadership style on employee performance either simultaneously or partially, and to determine the most influential variables of the employee's performance at Sadha Jaya printing in Denpasar. The technique of collecting data applied in this study was observation, interviews and questionnaires. The respondents were 48 employees at Sadha Jaya printing in Denpasar. The data were tested by applying validity and reliability testing that aims to determine how far the variables studied have a degree of accuracy and consistency. Later, the data found were analyzed by using multiple linear regression analysis techniques, F test and T test. Keywords : work discipline, motivation, leadership styles and performance.


Thickness pure-shear mode film bulk acoustic wave resonators (PBARs) made of (112 macr0) textured ZnO films have been fabricated. We also have fabricated FBAR structure consisting of two layers of the (112 macr0) textured ZnO film with opposite polarization directions. This FBAR structure operated in second overtone pure-shear mode and allowed shear-mode FBARs at higher frequency. The effective electromechanical coupling coefficients keff 2 of pure- shear mode FBAR and second overtone pure-shear mode FBAR in this study were found to be 3.3% and 0.8%, respectively. The temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF) of thickness extensional mode FBAR, pure-shear mode FBAR, and second overtone pure-shear mode FBAR were measured in the temperature range of 10-60degC. TCF values of -63.1 ppm/degC, -34.7 ppm/degC, and -35.6 ppm/degC were found for the thickness extensional mode FBAR, the pure- shear mode FBAR, and the second overtone pure-shear mode FBAR, respectively. These results demonstrated that pure-shear mode ZnO FBARs have more stable temperature characteristics than the conventional thickness extensional mode ZnO FBARs.


The aim of this thesis is to develop techniques for segmenting strongly-structuredscenes (e.g. building images) and weakly-structured scenes (e.g. natural images). Buildingimages can naturally be expressed in terms of grammars and inference is performed usinggrammars to obtain the optimal segmentation. However, it is difficult and time consum-ing to write such grammars. To alleviate this problem, a novel method to automaticallylearn grammars from a given training set of image and ground-truth segmentation pairs isdeveloped. Experiments suggested that such learned grammars help in better and fasterinference. Next, the effect of using grammars for strongly structured scenes is explored.To this end, a very simple technique based on Auto-Context is used to segment buildingimages. Surprisingly, even with out using any domain specific knowledge, we observedsignificant improvements in terms of performance on several benchmark datasets. Lastly,a novel technique based on convolutional neural networks is developed to segment imageswithout any high-level structure. Image-adaptive filtering is performed within a CNN ar-chitecture to facilitate long-range connections. Experiments on different large scale bench-marks show significant improvements in terms of performance


This is the first report on the left-right reversal arrangement of organs in Sinanodonta lauta glochidia. A glochidial larva possesses a pair of subtriangular-shaped shells, a pair of claw- like hooks with spines at the ventral m argin, internal and external glochidial threads, four pairs of sensory hair tufts and one adductor muscle. The arrangement of the internal thread and the origin of the external thread is asymmetric between the pair of valves. As a result of examination of approximately 50 glochidia by light microscopy, one was observed with the internal thread and the origin of the external thread positioned on the left valve. These morphological features are positioned on the right valve in normal glochidia. The relative position of these threads between abnormal and normal glochidia represents a left-right reversal.


The evolution information technology has led to the growth of virtualization technology. Router OS is the operating system of the Mikrotik Router, which supports virtualization. Router Os virtualization technique which is easy to run is a metarouter. Metarouter provides benefits such as, building virtual servers, virtual machines, network topology and savings cost. As an object of research, Metarouter introduces challenges to digital forensic investigations, both practitioners and academics. Investigators need to use methodology and tools in order to prove the perpetrators of crimes. This study uses the Windump forensic tool as a means of recording network traffic activity. Network Miner and Wireshark as an analytical tool for identifying digital evidence. The use of the National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST) method which collection, examination, analysis and reporting, can be repeated and maintained with the same data. Based on experiments with virtual router network traffic testing, the system built has succeeded in obtaining digital evidence, either by direct or indirectly. The system scenario that has been planned succeeded recording 220494 packages, but by the Windump, it is automatically divided into 9 (nine) parts of the package which are Buktidigital0 to Buktidigital8. The inspection stage produces evidence that has been verified by Wireshark and Network Miner. The analysis stage proves that there were attacks carried out by addresses 192.168.10.10 and 192.168.234.10. Based on the results of forensic testing, the use of the NIST method on a forensic system that has been built with a virtual router object can be used by investigators to identify evidence of cyber-attacks.


The results of four test firings with the interferometer are reported. No satisfactory signal has yet been obtained because of difficulties controlling the position and reflectivity of the specimen`s mirrored surfaces. Plans for correcting these problems are presented.


Nuclear power plant control systems are complex and require extremely high safety. Safety operation procedure flowcharts drawn by experts with many pages are often used as the guidebooks to help human operators avoid improper operations. To help operators better use these flowcharts and reduce their mental burden, here we propose a control command code generation prototype system, which involves artificial intelligence technologies, especially natural language processing, to automatically translate the nuclear power plant safety operation procedure flowcharts into executable codes. The proposed system includes three components: a flowchart decomposition tool, a text-code translation dataset, and a deep-learning based code generation model. Experimental results show that our proposed method can generate command codes with comparable accuracy as manual translation in a much higher inference speed.


The article presents the first results on carbon structure (nanotubes) formation at the Department of Microelectronics, Slovak University of Technology (STU). The structures were grown on an iron wire in a vacuum furnace heated by halogen bulbs by ACCVD (Alcohol Catalytic CVD) process. The properties of the created structures were investigated by measuring the field effect electron emission and by Raman spectroscopy.


gardens, mental images, place attachment, photographic method ______________________________________________________________________________ Abstract This paper is an investigation of how gardens exist in people's minds and how they in turn become a physical reality. Most physical gardens represent the mental image that their creators have of gardens. Yet a variety of factors affect both the physical reality of a garden and people's images of what a garden is. Mental images of gardens exist independently and influence the actual realization of the garden as a physical place. However, equally important are the resources of the gardener and the physical attributes of the space itself. The shape a garden takes is dependant on the space it occupies, and this can include its social location in a community and relationship to the home. The garden form is also bounded by its horticultural possibilities, which include such things as the climate and condition of the soil. Resources important in the realization of a garden are also linked to the gardener who creates it. Factors having to do with the availability of time and money as well as horticultural skill, interest and ambition are crucial in the development of a garden. Equally important can be demographic factors such as age and family composition. The mental image of gardens also contains basic assumptions of what a garden is, and can vary considerably between gardeners and over time. These assumptions are affected by experience with gardens both at a personal and cultural level. Often the gardeners environmental history, which depicts their experience with or exposure to gardens, can affect what they envision a garden to be. Social and cultural factors, such as class and ethnicity, can influence both the concept of a garden and how it becomes a reality. Aesthetic preferences also play a large part in the image of an ideal garden, and this process can be modified to fit the space or resources available. In order to discover how the mental image of gardens turn into a physical reality we will conduct interviews with gardeners over time. A longitudinal approach is important since the mental ideal of the garden can change over time, as the garden as a physical entity certainly will as it matures. A photographic method will be included both to document the garden space as it evolves, and to have the gardeners photograph it in order to illustrate how their garden dream has become a reality.


affects early or acute conditioned reflexes but not chronic ones, it could reasonably be supposed that some sort of a "memory" mechanism develops by continued training at the acoustic cortex, which enables it to emit a conditioned message towards the motor area without receiving the reticular information ; this, on the other hand, would be necessary in acute circumstances (Izquierdo, 1962b). The existence of both an onand an off-conditioned reflex in acute animals, and the final persistence of only an offreflex in chronic ones, suggests that the acute experiments are equivalent to an early stage of the chronic one. Acknowledgement. The valuable technical assistance of Mr. R. &man is appreciated.


Diesel Fuel is a liquid fuel used in diesel engines. Diesel fuel is a petroleum fraction that has gone through a series of fraction separations. Petroleum is a mixture of hydrocarbons that are formed naturally. In general, in the liquid phase which is stored in the fuel sotrage tank under certain conditions. Variance is a plan or target of an outcome. The variance give an indication or a warming that the operation did not to go planned. Variance in this study devided into two possibilities, namely losses and gains. Losses are decrease in product volume (quantity)in each product movement and storage. While the gain is the increase in volume (quantity) of the product in each product movementand storage. PT Badak NGL has three diesel fuel operation categories, namely reception, hording and distribution. In the diesel fuel reception system, variance losses of -8.25% are obtained in liters units of 15°C. In the internal diesel fuel distribution system the loss value of 24.742liters in observed. Based on the results of the calculation of losses, a fishbone diagram is made to analyze the factors causing losses in the company. Fishbone diagram analysis shows that there are several things the company needs to improve to reduce the possibilities of losses in the future. Based on observations made, recommendations that can be considered by companiesinclude implementation of SOPs, improve procedures considered to be lacking, addendums related to addition of clauses to limit losses, custody transfers, and determination of units used, perform maintenance of facilities and facilities in reception, hording and distribution operations, and improve employee competence by providing special diesel fuel handling training.


This study aims to know skill of teacher science in MTs Thamrin Yahya Rambah Hilir Rokan Hulu. The population and sample in study it is a whole science teacher MTs Thamrin Yahya Kecamatan Rambah Hilir Rokan Hulu recency collected by the way of chief . The results of the analysis data of skills open and close lessons to the percentage average 81,67 % , skill explain lessons to the percentage average 81,67 % , skill ask with the percentage average 83,33 % , skill hold variation by the percentage average 64,92 %, skill manage class with the average 70,00 % , skill manage small group with the average 80,00 % , skill give strengthening with the average 81,67 % , and latest skill teaching individuals with the percentage flattened with average 65,00 %, to regency got the final average score 76,03 % good categorized.


This demonstration presents the results of a study addressing an issue that has constrained the effectiveness of wireless sensor network deployments to date, namely, connectivity. A physically compact, diversity antenna has been developed that is low in complexity and therefore suitably controlled using resource-limited wireless sensor hardware. Herein, this prototype antenna is demonstrated utilizing an IEEE 802.15.4 compliant, Freescale-based platform.


Experimental and literature data concerning the solubility of individual light fullerenes (C60 and C70) in binary (individual fullerene + solvent), ternary (C60 + C70 fullerenes + solvent; C60 or C70 fullerenes + solvent 1 + solvent 2), and multicomponent (fullerenes + natural fats and oils) systems as well as the data on solubility of industrial fullerene mixtures and fullerene derivatives in various organic solvents are presented and discussed.


Spherical microresonators based on whispering gallery modes (WGM) have been used for measuring the concentration of ammonia vapours. Because of their high Q-factors, the WGM microresonators are very sensitive to environmental conditions such as temperature, pressure and moisture. Adding a porous layer of silica (SiO2) onto the sphere's surface makes such sensors sensitive to different kinds of vapours like ethanol, ammonia. etc.


The search of new theories of democracy for the recovery of deliberative elements in the public sector, reveals a form of democracy capable of carrying on its construction the participation of civil society and the mutual and complementary form of state. This project is called deliberative democracy. The goal of this article is to explain the different visions of institutionalization of public deliberation on the theories of Jurgen Habermas and James Bohman, to discuss about the possibility of institutionalization of these deliberations in the Brazilian Public Administration through the mechanisms Councils and Participatory Budgets.


This study uses the sample with 539 individual stocks in Taiwan stock market from July 2002 to December 2007 for discussing and comparing the performances among these portfolios of institutional net buys/sells, Jegadeesh and Titman (JT) momentum strategy and George and Hwang (GH) momentum strategy. The empirical findings are as follows. First, this study examines short-term momentum with no waiting period; the findings indicate that the institutional portfolio is significantly more profitable than the others. Next, this study examines medium term momentum with 1-year waiting period; the results show institutional portfolio and JT strategies in strategy (6, ∼12, 6) begin appearing a reversal phenomenon. Although GH strategy earns positive return, the momentum phenomenon is not significant. Finally, this study examines long-term momentum with 2-year waiting periods; the results indicate GH momentum portfolio yields positive return significantly in strategy (6, ∼24, 12).


Rainfall is influenced by several factors, such as air temperature, humidity, and wind speed. But at this time, the weather conditions in the territory of Indonesia are increasingly uncertain, making them difficult to predict. The machine can learn the prediction of rainfall. This research proposed methods to predict rainfall within 14 days using ID Convolutional Neural Networks. Weather data were obtained from a weather observation station on Meteorological, Climatological, and Geophysical Agency (BMKG) website for ten years. First, data will be interpolated to fill in the missing value. Then the data will be segmented by overlapping and normalized to generalize the value of climate data to 0-1, including taking overlapping data to be an advantage in providing a linkage of sequential data values. Then the training and prediction process uses ID Convolutional Neural Networks. The accuracy generated using the Adam optimization model for testing data is 81.46%, and Loss is 0.0018.


Harmonic Maass forms have recently been related to many different topics in number theory: Ramanujan's mock theta functions, Dyson's rank generating functions, Borcherds products, and central values and derivatives of quadratic twists of modular L-functions. Motivated by these connections, we obtain exact formulas for the coefficients of harmonic Maass forms of non-positive weight, and we obtain a conditional result for such forms of weight 1/2. This extends earlier work of Rademacher and Zuckerman in the case of weakly holomorphic modular forms of negative weight.


The computer has shown great promise for expanding educational and occupational opportunities for severely handicapped individuals. The greatest obstacle facing these individuals today is that they are unable to access computers through traditional keyboards or other types of terminals. This paper describes the three basic techniques which have been successfully used to allow the severely handicapped to communicate with other people and with their environment. A review of over 25 various approaches which have been developed around the world is presented, including a comprehensive bibliography of available information.


The transition between the laminar and turbulent flow regimes is traditionally addressed using the continuum formulation of the Navier-Stokes equations and dimensionless parameters such as the Reynolds number. However, a detailed understanding of the transition mechanisms has remained elusive. Theoretical approaches based on molecular and quantum mechanical models have been proposed but have yet to be thoroughly tested experimentally. In an effort to test a quantum-based model, specific apparatus and experiments have been designed to evaluate particular features of the laminar-turbulent transition. Hysteresis plots of flow versus differential pressure are used to examine the flow transition that occurs inside a tube with a divergent entrance. The hysteresis plots generated in these tests show several notable features and quantitative trends. The primary focus of this article is on the observed dependence of the laminar-turbulent transition behavior on the absolute pressure. Whereas the continuum-based model does not predict a pressure dependence of the laminar-turbulent transition, a molecular-based model indicates a pressure effect on the transition to turbulent flow.The transition between the laminar and turbulent flow regimes is traditionally addressed using the continuum formulation of the Navier-Stokes equations and dimensionless parameters such as the Reynolds number. However, a detailed understanding of the transition mechanisms has remained elusive. Theoretical approaches based on molecular and quantum mechanical models have been proposed but have yet to be thoroughly tested experimentally. In an effort to test a quantum-based model, specific apparatus and experiments have been designed to evaluate particular features of the laminar-turbulent transition. Hysteresis plots of flow versus differential pressure are used to examine the flow transition that occurs inside a tube with a divergent entrance. The hysteresis plots generated in these tests show several notable features and quantitative trends. The primary focus of this article is on the observed dependence of the laminar-turbulent transition behavior on the absolute pressure. Whereas the continuum-based mod...


Thank you for reading complex valued neural networks utilizing high dimensional parameters. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search hundreds times for their chosen readings like this complex valued neural networks utilizing high dimensional parameters, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some malicious virus inside their laptop.


reductive. Unlike the author's care with kroncong practices, these 'noises' of the Singapore rock scene are not given deeper readings. The sonic ethnography of the considerable wealth of musicianship (and noise), from The Straydogs members through Blues 77, The Machine and Khan Kontrol, with Kiang as a pivotal persona(e), is not treated in adequate depth. This is unfortunate, since musicianship is part of the emergent sense-making and meaning-making of human habit and habitat. Ultimately, as an attempt at a sonic ethnography of urban Singapore through an over projection of Blues 77, Sonic City reads as a missed opportunity.


The invention relates to an automatic air conditioner control method of a vehicle dual-temperature area. The method comprises the following steps of (1) enabling each sensor in a vehicle to collect vehicle interior temperature, vehicle exterior environment temperature and light intensity signals; (2) enabling a control center to calculate the comprehensive running value according to the signals collected in step (1) and the preset temperature settings; (3) enabling the control center to control the starting of an automatic air conditioner according to the comprehensive running value in step (2); and (4) enabling the control center to control the running states of a compressor, internal and external circulating air valves, a mode air valve, a temperature air valve and an air blower according to the comprehensive running value in step (2). Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the vehicle interior environment temperature and the air outlet temperature are automatically adjusted, the variation of air speed is stable, and the like.


Conventional T.V. cameras are limited in their field of view. A real-time omnidirectional camera which can acquire an omnidirectional (360 degrees) field of view at video rate could be applied in a variety of fields such as autonomous navigation, telepresence, virtual reality, remote monitoring. We have developed a new omnidirectional image sensor named HyperOmni Vision which consists of a CCD camera and a hyperboloidal mirror placed in front of the camera. An important feature of using the hyperboloidal mirror is that it has a focal point (center of projection). Using this interesting characteristic, we can easily generate any desired image projected on any designated image plane, such as a pure perspective image or or a panoramic image, from the omnidirectional input image deformed by the hyperboloidal mirror. The omnidirectional image is suitable for rough understanding of the environment, but resolution of the omnidirectional camera is not sufficient for detailed analysis of an interesting object. We have developed a new multiple visual sensing sensor on a single camera with two types of imaging; omnidirectional imaging which can obtain a 360 degrees field of view with limited resolution and binocular vision which can obtain a high resolution image with a limited field of view.


Health care for expectant women primarily focuses on physical health, particularly in Independent Midwife Practice (PMB) in Bandung. Currently, only blood pressure checks, weight assessments, the administration of iron supplements, laboratory testing, tetanus vaccinations, and assessments of the fetus's position and heart rate are performed. Meanwhile, stress or anxiety is every day during pregnancy for pregnant women. This condition needs to be treated, and one method is spiritual. Using Quranic bibliotherapy as spiritual intervention, anxiety during pregnancy is reduced. Pregnant women who experienced anxiety were given anxiety questionnaires to complete, and those who did were gathered into groups and given three meetings' worth of quranic bibliotherapy through Zoom. Pregnant women who reported experiencing anxiety were subsequently collected into groups and given a three-meeting Quranic bibliotherapy intervention through Zoom Meetings and in person. The activity began with the distribution of anxiety questionnaires to pregnant women. The activity's results revealed that there had been a change in the participants' levels of anxiety, which had previously ranged from mild anxiety at 40% to moderate anxiety at 50%, severe anxiety at 10%, mild anxiety at 60%, and moderate anxiety at 40%. To use quranic bibliotherapy interventions on anxious pregnant women, midwives must have the necessary training.


Employing the MFIE, we studied scattering of a Gaussian-like beam from a surface consisting of PEC conical array. The Coifman wavelet (Coiflet) based Galerkin procedure has reduced the computational burden by two orders of magnitude while retaining high precision.


Let X be a real or complex Banach space and K > 1. Then X* contains a K-complemented, isometric copy of L 1 [0, 1] if and only if X* contains a K-complemented, isometric copy of C [0, 1]* if and only if X contains a subspace (1, K)-asymptotic to (l 1 ○+ Σ n l n ∞ ) 1 .


The Canon Rebel T5i can only use SDXC, SDHC, and SD memory cards. The camera is also known as the Canon EOS 700D in Europe. Compatible SD cards ...


Preface Immigration: Policy Considerations Related to Guest Worker Programs Enforcing Immigration Law: The Role of State and Local Law Enforcement U.S. Immigration Policy on Permanent Admissions Immigration Policy on Expedited Removal of Aliens Immigration Issues in Trade Agreements U.S. Immigration Policy on Temporary Admissions Farm Labour Shortages and Immigration Policy Alien Legalisation and Adjustment of Status: A Primer Index.


OBJECTIVES
Tumor-associated eosinophils play an important role in the biological behavior of cancer. We have detected eosinophilic infiltration immunohistochemically in tissue specimens from patients with pulmonary adenocarcinoma and assessed its association with the prognosis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Utilizing the monoclonal antibody for EG2 thought to be a specific marker for eosinophils, the authors quantified eosinophil infiltration immunohistochemically in patients with pulmonary adenocarcinoma to investigate the relationship between EG2- positive cell counts and the prognosis.

RESULTS
A significant difference in the rate of patient survival was detected between patients whose tumors had high EG2-positive cells and patients whose tumors had low EG2-positive cells overall (p=0.0086). Multivariate analysis also showed that eosinophils were significantly related to survival (p=0.044).

CONCLUSION
These data indicate that eosinophilic counts utilizing the monoclonal antibody EG2 serve as a useful independent prognostic marker in pulmonary adenocarcinoma.


In this article we intend to elucidate issues related to the professional status of the teacher, analyzing specific personality, roles and functions. The teacher, with his specific psycho-moral, attitudinal-behavioral features, is one of the essential components of the educational process. The complex activity he carries out and, consequently, the knowledge, skills, qualities he possesses or must possess have led to the professionalization of his teaching career, considered a complex and long road from concrete to ideal, from aptitude to competence, from profession to profession.


The development and capabilities of the Montana geodata system are discussed. The system is entirely dependent on the state's central data processing facility which serves all agencies and is therefore restricted to batch mode processing. The computer graphics equipment is briefly described along with its application to state lands and township mapping and the production of water quality interval maps.


Debris flow in the affected area has become more and more frequent and of bigger magnitude after the Wenchuan earthquake.The upper Mianyuan River is one of the typical areas,where a number of debris flow occurred in the last three years.In August,2010,debris flows occurred in more than 20 gullies in the upstream of Mianyuan river,Mianzhu,Sichuan,at stimulus of regional rainstorms.The events delivered deposit of 1.08×107 m3 in volume,just near Qingping town,the deposits are 7.62×107 m3 in volume and 1.5 km2 in area,caused 14 deaths and missing,blocked the river and inundated new houses,and disrupted the Mianzhu-Maoxian highway repeatedly.In addition,they have sharply changed river morphology and will have a long influence on reconstruction and developing programs.This study explores the cause of the events based on investigation of the material supplies caused by the earthquake.Analysis shows that the rainstorm had an intensity of 37 mm/h and the cumulative rainfall reached 203.5 mm,and this was the triggering factor of the debris flows.Soil samples indicate that the flow is viscous given material supplies in the area,such extreme events are expected to be encountered frequently in the near future.


Estimating tropical biomass is critical for establishment of conservation inventories and landscape monitoring. However, monitoring biomass in a complex and dynamic environment using traditional methods is challenging. Recently, biomass estimates based on remotely sensed data and ecological variables have shown great potential. The present study explored the utility of remotely sensed data and topo-edaphic factors to improve biomass estimation in the Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania. Twenty-nine vegetation indices were calculated from RapidEye data, while topo-edaphic factors were taken from field measurements. Results showed that using topo-edaphic variables or vegetation indices, biomass could be predicted with an R2 of 0.4. A combination of topo-edaphic variables and vegetation indices improved the prediction accuracy to an R2 of 0.6. Results further showed a decrease in biomass estimates from 1162 ton ha−1 in 1980 to 285.38 ton ha−1 in 2012. This study demonstrates the value of combining remotely sensed data with topo-edaphic variables in biomass estimation.


Water conservancy supervision enterprises should improve their construction and improve the performance management during the era of national water conservancy development.In the angle of performance management system,the paper puts forward suggestions about how water conservancy supervision enterprises to implement guarantee system.


Drawing on recent theoretical scholarship on gender and its relation to language and power (Butler: 1990, Felman: 1985, Irigaray: 1985), I analyze Machinal, by Sophie Treadwell, from a linguistic and literary perspective and demonstrate how the author creates a radically new syntax that disrupts common assumptions on woman's "place" in society, while providing a powerful representation of patriarchal oppression inherent in language. Through a textual analysis of selected passages, I demonstrate how Treadwell deliberately refuses the appropriative logic implicit in the process of naming, and stages the opposition between silence and language as her privileged way to express Otherness itself. First produced in New York in 1928, Machinal, is based on the infamous Snyder-Gray criminal case. Convicted in 1927 together with her lover, Judd Gray, for the killing of her husband, Ruth Snyder was found guilty of murder in the first degree and electrocuted. Treadwell, an unconventional journalist, actress and playwright, chose to write a play rather than to report on the case, thus offering her audience an alternative view on the woman's culpability.


The aim of the present study was to determine if the effects of supplementary folic acid on lactational performance were due to improved methylneogenesis and if the supply in vitamin B12 could interfere with this metabolic pathway. In this eventuality, supplementary methionine, a major source of preformed methyl groups, should reduce the requirement for these vitamins. Sixty multiparous cows were fed either a diet calculated to supply 76% of methionine requirement (M-) or the same diet supplemented with 18 g of rumen-protected methionine (M+). Within each level of methionine, cows received either no vitamin supplement (B9-B12-), weekly intramuscular injections of 160 mg of folic acid alone (B9+B12-) or combined with 10 mg of vitamin B12 (B9+B12+), from 3 wk before to 16 wk after calving. At 12 week of lactation, glucose and methionine kinetics were measured by isotope dilution using infusions of D-[UC]glucose, [C]NaHCO3 and L-[1-C, H3]methionine on 24 cows in treatments M-B9-B12-, M-B9+B12+, M+ B9-B12et M+B9+B12+. Milk, blood and liver samples were collected to measure lactational performance, different metabolites and gene expression of key enzymes of energy metabolism and methylation cycle. The results showed that, in parallel with an increase in folates and vitamin B12 concentrations in milk, plasma and liver, administration of folic acid and vitamin B12 together increased milk production. The supplements of methionine affected methylation cycle by acting on mRNA abundance of key enzymes of this cycle whereas supplementary folic acid decreased plasma concentrations of homocysteine without any effect on animal performance. Intramuscular injections of folic acid and vitamin B12 increased whole body flux of glucose with a similar quantitative magnitude as the observed increment in milk lactose yield. Vitamin supplements increased also gene expression of the methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, an essential enzyme for the entry of propionate in the Krebs cycle. These results indicate that the effects of the combined supplements of folic acid and vitamin B12 on lactational performance are probably due to an improved efficiency of glucose metabolism rather than an effect on methylneogenesis.


2-Acyl-4,5-dichloropyridazin-3-ones served as excellent novel N-acylating reagents for amines under neutral conditions in organic solvent. They are convenient, chemoselective and easy to handle stable N-acylating reagentsof amines.


Self-efficacy and attribution theories are both concerned motivational theory now in the world.They are good "predictor" of students' academic achievement.This article take 250 Tibetan students who come from different regions as the investigation object.We study academic Self-efficacy and attribution style of Tibetan students.This research provided scientific basis for improving the vocational college educational management level and training qualified minority college students specialized technician.


A new theoretical model for electron‐impact ionization cross sections for atoms and molecules is presented. The new model combines the binary‐encounter theory and the Bethe theory for electron‐impact ionization, and uses minimal theoretical data for the ground state of the target atom or molecule. Two versions of the model are presented. The first one, the Binary‐Encounter‐Dipole (BED) model, requires the knowledge of continuum oscillator strengths and produces the differential ionization cross section, i.e., energy distribution of ejected electrons. The differential cross section is then integrated over the ejected electron energy to obtain the total ionization cross section. The second version, the Binary‐Encounter‐Bethe (BEB) model, assumes a simple form of the continuum oscillator strength to obtain a compact and analytic form of the total ionization cross section. We found that both the BED and BEB models provide total ionization cross sections from threshold to several keV in incident energy within 5% to 15% of known experimental data for many neutral targets. The total ionization cross sections are expressed in compact analytic expressions suitable for use in modeling, e.g., of plasmas and radiation effects. We found that the BEB model is particularly effective in estimating total ionization cross sections of complex molecules.A new theoretical model for electron‐impact ionization cross sections for atoms and molecules is presented. The new model combines the binary‐encounter theory and the Bethe theory for electron‐impact ionization, and uses minimal theoretical data for the ground state of the target atom or molecule. Two versions of the model are presented. The first one, the Binary‐Encounter‐Dipole (BED) model, requires the knowledge of continuum oscillator strengths and produces the differential ionization cross section, i.e., energy distribution of ejected electrons. The differential cross section is then integrated over the ejected electron energy to obtain the total ionization cross section. The second version, the Binary‐Encounter‐Bethe (BEB) model, assumes a simple form of the continuum oscillator strength to obtain a compact and analytic form of the total ionization cross section. We found that both the BED and BEB models provide total ionization cross sections from threshold to several keV in incident energy within ...


Full adder is an essential component for the design and development of all types of processors viz. digital signal processors (DSP), microprocessors etc. Adders are the core element of complex arithmetic operations like addition, multiplication, division, exponentiation etc. In most of these systems adder lies in the critical path that affects the overall speed of the system. So enhancing the performance of the 1-bit full adder cell is a significant goal. The present study proposes an energy efficient full adder cell with least MOS transistor count that reduces the serious problem of threshold loss. It considerably increases the speed. Result shows 45% improvement in threshold loss problem, 40% improvement in power-delay product over the other types of adders with comparable performance. The simulation has been carried out on Tanner EDA tool on BSIM3v3 90nm and 130nm technologies.


In recent times there are many modern advancements came in the area of fixture design and assembly. In this paper attempt has been made to design and analyze the modern screw less machine vice using CATIA and ANSYS APDL package. The drawbacks of existing vice were overcome by new screw less machine vice. In the existing system of machine vice the lead screw will tend to undergo frequent wear and tear due to abrasion resistance problem as a result jaw of vice lose its grip to hold the work component . In order to overcome such type of problem dowel pin type movable jaw was designed in such a way in order to incorporate into the base block of movable jaw.


The 648 bp mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I(COI) gene was examined in 8 species of raptors(5 species in Accipitridae,Falconiformes;3 species in Strigidae,Strigiformes) by PCR with universal primers.99 additional barcode sequences were downloaded to explore whether the DNA barcodes could distinguish between these species.The result shows that in total 75.6% species are under the "10× rule",80.5% species possess unique DNA barcode sequences by which they could be identified.On the other hand,19.5% species(including 8 species of Buteo) are difficult to be distinguished by DNA barcoding.


The paper considers the possibility of using the polyparameterization method for geo- metric modeling of middle surfaces of shells in order to ensure their effective computer pro- totyping. Examples of variant forming of thin-walled spatial building structures were ana- lyzed


Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that causes congenital defects. Sexual transmission of ZIKV was confirmed in a recent epidemic; however, mechanisms behind ZIKV infection and persistence in the male reproductive tract are unknown. Previously, we found that ∼33% of men with symptomatic ZIKV infections shed ZIKV RNA in semen, and some men shed ZIKV RNA for >3 months. Here, we evaluated the semen of 49 ZIKV-infected men to identify immune factors correlating with long-term ZIKV shedding in semen and ZIKV-infected cell types in semen. We found prolonged ZIKV RNA shedding in semen was associated with male reproductive tract inflammation, indicated by higher leukocyte counts and inflammatory cytokine concentrations in semen of long-term versus short-term shedders. Additionally, we found ZIKV RNA in seminal leukocytes and epithelial cells. This study of human semen from ZIKV-infected men provides critical insights into impacts of ZIKV on male reproductive tract health.


Parameters of new difference sets are determined which are created on the basis of classes of power residues simple modulo p dR + 1 (d = 3,4, 6, 8), trimmed at some closely spaced levels.


Lane drops downstream of signalized intersections are found on many urban and suburban streets and highways. The short lane is typically under-utilized at the intersection since drivers avoid using the short lane due to the potential for stressful merges downstream of the signal. This unconventional geometric configuration downstream of the lane drop intersection affects intersection capacity and operations. The current Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) does not take into account downstream lane drop conditions, thereby resulting in significant discrepancy between the HCM defaults and field observed lane utilization factors (LUF). The primary objectives of this research were to identify whether and by how much lane drops affect performance of actuated signalized intersections under various traffic demand levels and lane drop geometries. A traffic simulation model was used to quantify the impact of lane drops on intersection operations with various traffic volumes and geometric conditions. Through the simulation, it was found that additional green time, which should reduce delay, was created because of the overloaded full lane at the approach. However, a higher probability of green time termination with maximum green time dominates the benefit of extra green and the approach gains significant extra delays. Based on the data obtained from the simulation, this research quantified the amount of additional delay for the subject movement and established delay adjustment factors to account for lane drop effects.


Advanced control strategies for delivering insulin to type I diabetic patients are developed. Utilizing the model predictive control (MPC) framework, an asymmetric objective function is tailored to address the inherent performance requirements of the physiological problem. This technique is then compared to an MPC controller incorporating prioritized objectives. In an in-patient setting, a second manipulated variable (glucose infusion) could be made available. This multiple-input single-output (MISO) problem is reformulated as a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) output regulator problem and is solved using the above techniques. Performance in all cases was demonstrably superior to previous results based on standard MPC formulations using symmetric objective functions.


Public libraries in the United States are funded in numerous ways including government funding, national, state. and local levels, other public funding from donations, and private funding through endowments and subscriptions. This study of one state, Pennsylvania, analyzes municipal support for local libraries through taxes."successful" libraries, agencies that command a relatively large share of the municipal tax pie as well as high per capita circulation were compared with a group of "less successful" libraries having little share of tax funds and lower circulation. Were demographic indicators measurable within the communities that would predict success? Comparisons were made between these two groups using t-tests on fourteen variables to see if the groups differed significantly on any of them. None of the mean values were significantly different at the 95 percent confidence level. "Success" is even more elusive than originally thought.


Seismic waves are attenuated and distorted during propagation because of the conversion of acoustic energy to heat energy. We focus on intrinsic attenuation, which is caused by [Formula: see text], which is the portion of energy lost during each cycle or wavelength. Amplitude attenuation can decrease the energy of the wavefields, and dispersion effects distort the phase of seismic waves. Attenuation and dispersion effects can reduce the resolution of image, and they can especially distort the real position of interfaces. On the basis of the viscoacoustic wave equation consisting of a single standard linear solid, we have derived a new viscoacoustic wave equation with decoupled amplitude attenuation and phase dispersion. Subsequently, we adopt a theoretical framework of viscoacoustic reverse time migration that can compensate the amplitude loss and the phase dispersion. Compared with the other variable fractional Laplacian viscoacoustic wave equations with decoupled amplitude attenuation and phase dispersion terms, the order of the Laplacian operator in our equation is a constant. The amplitude attenuation term is solved by pseudospectral method, and only one fast Fourier transform is required in each time step. The phase dispersion term can be computed using a finite-difference method. Numerical examples prove that our equation can accurately simulate the attenuation effects very well. Simulation of the new viscoacoustic equation indicates high efficiency because only one constant fractional Laplacian operator exists in this new viscoacoustic wave equation, which can reduce the number of inverse Fourier transforms to improve the computation efficiency of forward modeling and [Formula: see text]-compensated reverse time migration ([Formula: see text]-RTM). We tested the [Formula: see text]-RTM by using Marmousi and BP gas models and compared the [Formula: see text]-RTM images with those without compensation and attenuation (the reference image). [Formula: see text]-RTM results match well with the reference images. We also compared the field data migration images with and without compensation. Results demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the presented new viscoacoustic wave equation.


Disclosed is a power load short-term prediction method based on data reconstitution. The power load short-term prediction method based on the data reconstitution includes: firstly, performing data preprocessing on an initial data set so as to obtain a training sample set; performing the data reconstitution on the training sample set in one day cycle so as to obtain a reconstitution subsequence set; respectively building a time sequence model for each reconstitution subsequence; respectively solving a time series prediction value of a future step under each reconstitution subsequence; performing time series rearrangement on a prediction result so as to obtain a prediction value sequence in a future period. The power load short-term prediction method based on the data reconstitution is strong in operability, and achieves accurate prediction for platform region power loads.


In this work , two type of the color space ware used , it is ( YPbPr , YUV ), and Lena color image were used , to test the pest PSNR, CR, ET, by used the fractal image compression by Zero-Mean method. In (YPbPr )color space the calculated results were found to be (PSNR=30.99), (CR=10.52), (ET=63.68), while in (YUV) color space is (PSNR=32.75), (CR=10.52), (ET=70.13). So in (PSNR) the (YPbPr) model is decreases by (1.76%) than (YUV) model, in CR the (YPbPr) model it same in (YUV) model and in ET the (YPbPr) model is decreases by (6.45%) than (YUV) model.


The use of technology in schools is increasing worldwide and one of the areas where Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) can bring the most benefits is in deaf education. ICT is a powerful tool for children with deafness because ICT can help deaf students achieve their potential along with other students and allowing them the educational possibilities they are entitled to. ICT can improve the wage earning potential of deaf children, by increasing the number of children with deafness attending school, and improve the education they are receiving, which in turn can result in greater inclusion. Inclusion refers tothe right to belong to the mainstream �; leaving behind the idea that only a few learners havespecial needs �. The basic idea is in fact, that the process of inclusion can be fostered by means of new technological tools but in turn it requires changes and modifications in educational content, approaches, structures and strategies. ICT is opening up new avenues of communication for many deaf children. Deaf children can learn skills as quickly as hearing children but their capabilities are measured against understanding the written word.ICT resources are promising; there are grounds for maintaining that they help most students overcome barriers in learning, thus increasing their school achievement, together with their autonomy, willingness and self esteem.


While the architectural concept of metabolism can be viewed as essentially grounded in a linear conception of time and growth, wherein both the expression and the experiment are considered part of a fundamentally linear process, 'post-metabolism' suggests a nonlinear conception of time, that is, the time of the eternal ruin. There are two primary points to be considered: the first refers to a linear, teleological time of growth; the second proposes a model of organic totality. Akira Asada (1997: 80)


'Direct extraction of DNA from natural environment and clinical samples has become a useful alternative for the phylogenetic identification and in situ detection ofindividual microbial cells without cultivation. In this study, three different Gram negative organisms (E. coli; P. aureus; S. lutea) were chosen for genomic DNA extraction. High salt SDS (Sodium Dodesyl Sulfate) based extraction method was followed to extract genomic DNA with addition of three different lysis protocols to observe the effect of different lysis agents on total genomic DNA concentration. Wizen SDS alone was used as lysis buffer, then the mean value ofDNA concentration were found to be 1.84±O.I5llgII-Ll, 1.56±O.15Ilgllll, and 1.54±O.lOllgllllforE. coli, P. aureus and S. lutea respectively. However wizen lysis steps were carried out using SDS and 3111 ofproteinase-k then the mean value ofDNA concentration was found to increase only for s. lutea (l.54±O.1O to 1.65±O.15I1g1111) and found to decrease for E. coli (1.38±O.15 I1g111l) and for P. aureus (l.4±O.lO I1gllll). However wizen lysis step was carried out with increasing amount ofproteinase-k then the mean value of extracted DNA concentration increased for E. coli (l.88±O.lO I1g1111), P. aureus (l.68±O.15J1g1j1.1) and S. lutea (l. 74±O.15Ilg1 111).


The synergistic combination of oxygen vacancies, dual OER/ORR catalysts, and the complementary catalyst with oxygen-mediating capability in the Co3O4/Ru–CeO2/Li2O2−x successfully activated reversible anion redox reaction in lithia-based cathodes.


In this article, we study the effect of residual strength on frictional properties of soft solids such as gelatin hydrogels on a smooth glass surface. Two types of sliding experiments namely slide-hold-slide (SHS) and slide-free-slide (SFS) are performed at the hydrogel and glass interface. Residual strength is generally seen in the SHS experiments but the same is not observed in the SFS experiments. It is found that static and dynamic frictional strengths are larger in magnitude in the SHS experiments than corresponding to the SFS experiments. The similar trend is also seen in study of the critical velocity at which stick-slip disappears. Further, unlike the SHS experiments, static frictional strength is observed to be independent of aging time in the SFS experiments. These observations are explained in view of residual stress induced strengthening of dangling polymer chains at the sliding interface of the two experiments. The critical velocity is also estimated using the average experimental value of residual strength and dynamic friction model for the weak bonds. At the end, the present study highlights the significance of residual strength on the frictional properties of the sliding surfaces.


The article is devoted to history of creation and development of one of the largest high schools in the country. The author considers the basic directions of work of the high school, the history of creation of separate faculties and departments, different aspects of teaching staff formation. On the basis of archival materials and memoirs of workers of university many plots connected with development of branches of high school, organization of research work and development of a social infrastructure of university are restored.


A wide variety of methods and techniques with multiple characteristics are used in solving replenishment, production and distribution planning problems. Selecting a solution method (either a solver or an algorithm) when attempting to solve an optimization problem involves considerable difficulty. Identifying the best solution method among the many available ones is a complex activity that depends partly on human experts or a random trial-and-error procedure. This paper addresses the challenge of recommending a solution method for replenishment, production and distribution planning problems by proposing a decision-making tool for algorithm selection based on the fuzzy TOPSIS approach. This approach considers a collection of the different most commonly used solution methods in the literature, including distinct types of algorithms and solvers. To evaluate a solution method, 13 criteria were defined that all address several important dimensions when solving a planning problem, such as the computational difficulty, scheduling knowledge, mathematical knowledge, algorithm knowledge, mathematical modeling software knowledge and expected computational performance of the solution methods. An illustrative example is provided to demonstrate how planners apply the approach to select a solution method. A sensitivity analysis is also performed to examine the effect of decision maker biases on criteria ratings and how it may affect the final selection. The outcome of the approach provides planners with an effective and systematic decision support tool to follow the process of selecting a solution method.


As a result of global competition, international companies that manufacture photocopiers, printers or car navigation systems have to purchase low-cost electronic components such as semiconductors and hard disk drives by outsourcing production. However, it is often difficult for these companies to evaluate the quality of their suppliers through interviews and technical documentations. This article proposes new measures for supplier assessment and a systematic approach to select suppliers that have in-depth knowledge of component reliability and technology. The measures for selection not only include the physical quality of components but also information disclosures provided by suppliers, which consist of failure analysis, reliability data and details of the design-manufacturing process. The proposed measures are applied to real data of photocopier manufacturing enterprises. Experiments conducted show that a systematic assessment will enable selecting appropriate suppliers with a lower failure rate.


The article compares the subprime crisis in the United States with the financial crisis in emerging markets in their performance,causes and consequences,in order to find their common reasons and put forward some effective crisis-proof measures for our financial development.


Objective To analyze the liver metastasis predictor factor of the colorectal cancer radical surgery.Methods The clinical data of 158 patients with colorectal cancer selected from September 2010 to June 2013 in our hospital for treatment were retrospectively analyzed.The tumor cell types,with and without lymph node metastasis,and the relationship between the colon wall,CEA levels,liver metastasis to bone marrow micrometastases cancer cells with radical surgery were analyzed with single factor and the relationship between Logistic multifactor regression analysis.Results(1) There were 48 cases(30.38%) with liver metastasis in this study,the number of patients and the proportion of the patients on the first year,second years after the eradicative resection of liver metastases,third years respectively were 17 cases(10.76%),24 cases(15.19%),7 cases(4.43%).(2) Single factor analysis results: lymph node metastasis,elevated CEA levels and bone marrow micrometastasis cell positive patients with and without lymph node metastasis,CEA levels were normal bone marrow micrometastases in negative more radical surgery in patients with liver metastasis were significantly higher,the differences were statistical significance(P 0.05).(3) The Logisitc multifactor regression analysis results: bone marrow micrometastasis of colorectal cancer radical surgery was the independent risk factors for the development of liver metastasis(P 0.05).Conclusion In order to be able to make the liver metastasis early found that for bone marrow micrometastases in patients with colorectal cancer radical follow-up has the vital significance.


The mechanical properties of steel are determined by the microstructure that develops during the production process and is a joint result of effects of chemical composition and of heat treatment. This paper deals with the kinetics of the phase transformation between the high temperature FCC-phase austenite and the low temperature BCC-phase ferrite as it occurs during controlled cooling. In order to predict the transformation kinetics, a physical model has been developed that considers both composition effects and the actual lattice transformation rate. The model is verified against experimental dilatometry data for three lean carbon-manganese steel grades. Notwithstanding the model having no adjustable parameters, it yields adequate simulations of the transformation kinetics.


: The demand for marine resources upon which the growing Blue Economy is predicated will re-shape the way industries and communities use the Oceans. Understanding, a priori, how these novel and dynamic anthropogenic forces will interact with marine ecologies is critical for ensuring that already threatened and/or depleted ecosystems are not further impacted. However, our ability to predict and plan for future scenarios of marine production are constrained by our ability to employ suitable models for the range of socio-ecological systems that are being proposed for development. Whilst numerous sophisticated modelling frameworks (Atlantis, Mizer, Ecopath with Ecosim, eg. (Hyder et al., 2015)) exist for specific geographic or socio-ecological contexts, adapting or building new ecosystem models for novel contexts is a time consuming and costly endeavour. As marine development accelerates and more is asked from the Oceans, building additional capacity to model marine socio-ecological systems will be critical for the transfer of timely and salient advice from the marine modelling community to decision-makers.


Cracks are one of the most prevalent road distresses, and they can be dangerous. Crack detection is usually carried out by trained inspectors or structural engineers. However, this is a time-consuming, subjective, and labor-intensive task. Up to now, most crack detection technologies are relied on manual inspection rather than automatic image-based identification, making the process both costly and time-consuming. In this paper, we propose an automatic pavement distress analysis system based on a deep transfer learning framework. The goal of this research is to improve classification accuracy while reducing training time. Using four deep pre-trained Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) architectures, our classification system evaluates deep transfer learning for feature extraction. Then these four pre-trained models are combined in what we name Ensemble Learning to increase the model prediction accuracy.


A major advantage of enzyme assay over classical use of immunofluorescence and other serologic procedures for identification of mycoplasmas is that the technical requirements and reagents for preparation and performance of the serologic tests are obviated. Both enzyme assay systems evaluated in this study were simple to conduct and required only 4 hours of incubation before assessment. Although both enzyme assay systems are potentially more convenient than present mycoplasma identification techniques, the requirement for as much as 60 ml of log phase culture renders them impractical for use in most diagnostic and clinical laboratories. A system designed especially for mycoplasmas might require less inoculum and/or less intense color reactions. This adaptation might be accomplished by miniaturization of the test, elimination of substrates for nonreactive enzymes, addition of appropriate substrates for other enzymes, utilization of more sensitive color reactions, and/or adaptation of color reactions to automated evaluation in a microtiter plate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay reader. With such modifications, identification of mycoplasmas by enzyme assay could become a useful procedure in diagnostic laboratories. References


The geometry of the warm layers of stratified streams is studied on the basis of the one‐dimensional model. Particularly, the derived equations of the dimensionless length and shape of the warm layers are expressed as function of easily measured flow and density parameters, as well as, function of the interfacial friction coefficient, fi . These analytical models are also expressed in graphic forms, suitable for practical applications. Moreover, when fi cannot be estimated, approximated forms of the analytical models are also presented graphically.


The ecological consequences of hatchery rearing have been widely studied, whereas there are relatively few investigations of the impact diets and culture conditions have on morphological variation, especially in rare or endangered species. The aim of the current study was to determine the impact of diet and culture conditions on the morphometric features of crucian carp (Carassius carassius), which is a species characterised by a highly variable body shape. In the first experiment, the impact of feed type on crucian carp's body shape was tested, while in the second, the impact of culture conditions on the body shape was determined. Feed type and culture conditions significantly impacted the shape and the morphology of crucian carp. Fish-fed larval chironomids exhibited the least variation in biometric characters, while those fed high-energy-formulated feed exhibited the greatest variation. In turn, individuals cultured in ponds exhibited greater variability in measurable characters than did fish cultured in recirculating systems. The body depth index of fish fed different feeds or cultured under controlled conditions did not differ significantly in comparison to wild crucian carp. The phenotypes of the cultured fish from the two experiments were similar to those of individuals inhabiting the natural environment.


Colourless fluorescent UV tracers are increasingly used in hydrogeological studies in drinking water catchments, in which classical dyes (uranine, sulforhodamines) can sometimes be of significant concern if unexpectedly exceeding the limit of visibility. Among these colourless tracers, optical brighteners and sulfonates (presently naphthionate and amino G acid) are widely used despite lower fluorescence yields, strong interferences with natural organic matter, as well as oxy- or photo-degradation. As a result, higher amounts of tracer are sometimes used, yielding higher concentrations in drinking water and giving rise to the question of their toxicity and the occurrence of their by-products in waterworks. In this paper, several years of practice and improvement of the detection's performance using combined laboratory spectrofluorometric and field fluorometric techniques are summarized and illustrated with several case studies in different aquifers. The developments of UV LEDs optical systems, as well as the increase of time resolution and controllability using telemetric dataloggers, are here considered as main catalysts of this knowledge.


The following 10 teams were chosen for their ingenuity and imagination to participate alongside NASA and industry researchers in the quest to demonstrate methods for harvesting water on the Moon and Mars:


Taiwan Technical Mission (TTM) in the Republic of Kiribati is collaborating with the Government of Kiribati to implement the Nutrition Enhancement Project. Since 2017, the project has expanded its supply of fresh fruits and vegetables to Tungaru Central Ho


In therapeutic imaging, Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) is a quickly developing dynamic zone of research. As of late, critical endeavors are made for the upgrade of PC helped determination applications since blunders in therapeutic indicative frameworks can bring about genuinely deceptive restorative treatments. Machine learning is vital in Computer Aided Diagnosis. After us-ing a simple condition, questions, for example, organs may not be demonstrated precisely. In this way, design acknowledgment on a very basic level includes gaining from cases. In the field of bio-therapeutic, design acknowledgment and machine learning guarantee the enhanced exactness of discernment and conclusion of malady. They likewise advance the objectivity of basic leadership handle. For the investigation of highdimensional and multimodal bio-therapeutic information, machine learning offers a commendable approach for making tasteful and programmed calculations. This review paper gives the near examination of various machine learning calculations for determination of various infections, for example, coronary illness, diabetes malady, liver ailment, dengue ailment and hepatitis sickness. It brings consideration towards the suite of machine learning calculations and devices that are utilized for the investigation of infections and decision-production prepare in like


Like George Fletcher,(1) my thinking about loyalty has been prompted by practical considerations. But whereas his focus was on patriotism and the grand themes of national identity, mine has been on the experience of serving police officers who, in the course of their work, find themselves in the grip of dilemmas about misplaced, misguided, divided, and conflicting loyalties. For better or worse, the character of contingent starting points often sets the direction for subsequent developments. Mine has led me to form a far less sanguine view of loyalty than Fletcher, who has both widened its scope and narrowed its application in ways that do little to make the difficult dilemmas which arise in the police context more tractable. I should add that I write as a European, and wonder whether George Fletcher would have arrived at the same conclusions had he pondered the world that his immigrant forbears left for what is, indeed, a brave new world, which long ago was inevitably set to tragically repeat many of the mistakes of the old. I propose to consider some of the dilemmas which cluster around the notion of loyalty within the British police service, indicate why loyalty's inherent ambiguity causes difficulties, and why the perspective suggested by Fletcher, whatever its merits in a larger arena, provides no remedies. But first some groundwork is in order.(2) The Nature of Loyalty In common with such words as "education," "law," "motivation," and "rationality," "loyalty" is ambiguous. And ordinary usage merely points the way to getting clear the different senses in which it is used. By elaborating what I believe to be a core, if not the core, meaning, I hope to provide a foil with which to dispute the practical relevance of other meanings, not least Fletcher's. Let me, then, both contest Fletcher's explanation of loyalty and try to polish at least one of its surfaces to render it less obscure. Human relationships are human creations. Their requirements and conditions have been, and are being, contrived as the work of many hands in the process of human living, and they are the most significant of human achievements. Some relations, such as friendship, family, and marriage are of great antiquity, while others, like citizenship and professional association, are of relatively recent origin. Thus, there are many sorts of relationships, each specifiable in terms of its own conditions, and each promising to secure for those in the relationship all manner of wants, needs, interests, and satisfactions, most of which, it should be noted, are not intrinsically moral in character. Moreover, people engage in a multiplicity of such relationships. Indeed, most of a person's identity--the "I" is virtually transparent without the "We"--may be characterized in such terms as parent, child, lover, friend, worker, player, member, patriot, and so on. And it is in this manner that the language of roles gets its meaning. Each person plays many parts, relates to others in all sorts of ways (which includes relating to one person in all sorts of ways as well) usually moves between relations with practiced dexterity, and enters into each part aware of its scripted conditions. Roles in this sense may be accepted or rejected, and people are in roles rather than just having roles, valuable though this latter usage is for the social sciences. Hence, a person who is in a particular relationship with others is subject to distinct and exclusive conditions, and may be said to be in a role in respect of being related to others in terms of those conditions. Thus, two people might stand in relation to each other in the roles of lovers, friends, husband and wife, professional colleagues, soldiers and co-religionists, each with its own conditions of relationship. And each set of conditions, be it formal, informal, or a mixture of both, must be acknowledged, either implicitly or explicitly, each must be felt as mutual obligations, and generally upheld for the relationship, and hence for the corresponding role, to subsist. …


We study the main implications of increasing the last drift length l* from 3 to 5 meters, in the TESLA interaction region: namely, the design of a new final focus system with a better chromatic correction, the extraction of the beam after the collision through the opposite doublet, and the new collimation requirements.


Transverse magnetic (TM) dielectric resonator filters are frequently affected by a poor contact in the interface between metal and ceramic walls, misalignment of the ceramic parts, and cracks due to mechanical stress. To overcome these issues, the present study proposes the development of monoblock filters fabricated by lithography-based ceramic manufacturing. To build these structures with additive manufacturing, some geometrical changes, with respect to the classical assembly, have to be applied. The effect of these changes on the electrical performance of a stand-alone resonator are studied. Then, a filter prototype is manufactured and measured to validate the feasibility of this approach.


The radial transport of field‐aligned current resulting from collisionless microturbulence is examined self‐consistently. The self‐consistent treatment of mode coupling is shown to constrain the transport in such a way that the relaxation of current gradients is regulated solely by electrostatic fluctuations that couple to ion dissipation, even in the presence of temperature gradients and temperature anisotropy. As a consequence, the radial flux of parallel current induced by collisionless microinstabilities is insufficient to account for the dynamo in reversed field pinch plasmas.


To determine the dielectric constant of thin film materials with thickness around one or several microns at microwave frequencies, a novel method based on modified cavity perturbation theory is presented. Corresponding measurement fixture is composed of Agilent 8720ES VNA, a rectangular cavity with small slots, and crystal slices used as the carriers of thin films. By measuring the shift in resonant frequency, the dielectric constant of thin film can be determined. 810 nm thick (Mg0.95Ca0.05)TiO3 thin film deposited by RF magnetron sputtering was used as sample to verify the feasibility of this technique, and the measured dielectric constant is 21.1, which is close to that of the bulk material. The measurement error of this method is about 6%, which mainly comes from the measurement errors of resonant frequencies and the thickness of thin film. This error can be reduced by using a cavity with higher Q, or by using thin film samples with larger dielectric constant or with thickness bigger than 1 micron. Experimental results show that the method presented in this paper is feasible and has good accuracy for dielectric thin film.


The well known Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect is reexamined using a Doppler shift type mechanism arising from the scattering of photons by electrons in an optically thin gas. The results are in excellent agreement with the observational data as well as with the results obtained using the diffusive pictures. A comparison of the results here obtained with other approaches is thoroughly discussed, as well as some important extensions of this method to other aspects of the SZ effect


Robust filtering of linear time-invariant discrete-time uncertain systems is investigated through a new parameter dependent Lyapunov matrix procedure. Its main interest relies on the fact that the Lyapunov matrix used in stability checking does not appear in any multiplicative term with the uncertain matrices of the dynamic model. We show how to use such an approach to determine high performance H/sub 2/ robust filters by solving a linear problem constrained by linear matrix inequalities (LMI). The results encompass the previous works in the quadratic Lyapunov setting. Numerical examples illustrate the theoretical results.


This study aimed to evaluate feed consumption on the performances bali bull. The study was observed at Pulukan Breeding Center BPTU-HPT Denpasar. The bali cattle used were 7 bulls with the weight range of 378-476 kg. Parameters observed were feed consumption; morphometrics including chest size, shoulder height, body length, scrotal diameter; and reproductive performance of semen quality. Based on observations, the average DM and protein consumption of bali bull was 1.88% BW and 1050 g/head/day. The feed consumption resulted morphometrics on averages of CS 189 cm, SH 129 cm, BL 137 cm and SD 28 cm. Meanwhile, the semen quality showed 5.6 ml volume, a whitish cream close to the milk color, normal consistency, mass movement ++, and motility 50-65%. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the feed consumed by bali bull at the Pulukan Breeding Center BPTU-HPT Denpasar has been able to produce good morphometric and reproductive performance.


Magnetic and magneto-optical properties, Kerr rotation angle, Kerr ellipticity and reflectance, were investigated for Pt substituted MnSb compound films with film thickness of about 1000 /spl Aring/ by RF sputtering in the concentration range of 44 at% >


In this work, Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations are performed to predict the physical properties (gelation point, mass density, volumetric shrinkage) and mechanical properties (Bulk modulus, Shear modulus, Young's Modulus, Poisson's ratio) of a PolyBenzoxazine (PBZ) resin system as a function of crosslinking density. The molecular models are developed using the Reactive Interface Force Field (IFF-R). The results obtained from MD are in good agreement with the experimental data.


On 11 March 2011, an earthquake of a 9.0 magnitude and the consequent tsunami destroyed Japan's Fukushima Dai-ichi power plant. Known as 3/11 in Japan, the effects of this triple disaster will continue for decades. How did the media covering the catastrophe articulate issues of risk to the general public? This article is a textual analysis of accounts about the Fukushima disaster published between 11 March 2011 and 11 March 2013 in four of the most prominent media outlets in the United States. In particular, the analysis explores the practices through which these US media constructed the presence and meaning of public health risks resulting from the nuclear meltdown. The article illustrates how systematic media practices minimized the presence of health risks, contributed to misinformation, and exacerbated uncertainties. In the process, the study demonstrates how the media created vernacular epistemologies for understanding and evaluating the health risks posed by nuclear radiation. The article concludes by weighing the implications of the vernacular epistemologies deployed by media.


There is dearth of creative interventions and conceptualizations in the fields of substance use prevention and treatment and in the fields of HIV prevention and care. Many of our evidence-based interventions are designed by the affluent, telling poor people how to live their lives, especially what they shouldn't do. These interventions are clearly designed with the best of intentions. Yet there are several areas of concern about their nature, focus, and outcomes. In our striving for documenting universal truths, investigators have paid insufficient attention to the phenomenological, social, physical, and human context and consequence of drug use.

A common public health perspective on drug use is trying to balance the individuals' rights with the safety and well-being of society (Etzioni, 2002). This perspective tends to treat people as rational decision makers and societies as homogeneous. The first concern about this approach of focusing of individual versus societal rights is the models of human nature and cognition used in many of these analyses. Often investigators posit high rational, information processing perspective on human decision making (Green and Shapiro, 1994). They make assumptions about human nature based on idealized Western, individualistic ideologies (Wrightsman,1992).

Decisions about drug use initiation, maintenance, and cessation are not solely rational processes. But how do we best model the physiological and psychosocial aspects of decision making and how substance use is intertwined with these processes? In addition to models that invoke neural pathways, rewards, and punishments, another important element is sense making and meaning. Few substance use and HIV prevention interventions address how people make sense of the world and ascribe meanings (Harling, 2007; Unger, 2014). The drug treatment adage of avoiding people and places reduces triggers and negative social influences to use drugs, but what if the "people" are family and partners and the "places" are home and neighborhood? What relationship is more meaningful, a drug treatment counselor or a family member? One reason that NA/AA has been a sustainable and low cost intervention is that it provides meaningful social roles and avenues to inhabit these roles. Galanter's (1997) comparison between new religious groups (or cults) and NA/AA highlights how social process and meaning systems are critical to both types of social organizations. In developing substance use and HIV prevention and interventions, we need to ask what valued social roles and meaningful activities are we providing. "Just say no" is truly the antithesis of meaningfulness.

In addition to the social organization of self-help groups, the social organization of social networks and communities provide meaning, belongingness, and coherence. While networks and communities have messy and opaque boundaries, they are the social fabric that promote and maintain social norms regarding substance use and HIV risk behaviors (Nguyen et al., 2012). But how do assist individuals and communities in organizing their social environments to foster health behaviors? In the field of alcohol control investigators have tried to alter social norms on college campuses with mixed success (Lewis, & Neighbors, 2006). One weakness with this approach is that often the focus is on individual level social norms. Norms differ by context, networks, and organizations. There have been few attempts to change and sustain alcohol norms on subgroup or network levels and truly involve subgroups in altering the social norms. Without understanding the diversity and context of alcohol norms on college campuses it is unlikely that massive campaigns to alter alcohol use norms will be successful.

In the field of tobacco control the social norms regarding smoking have dramatically changed. Cigarette smoking is now less acceptable and more stigmatized (Hamilton, Biener, & Brennan, 2008). Lower income neighborhoods continue to have higher rates of smoking, but now this behavior is more stigmatized and a larger proportion of the income of impoverished residents is spent on tobacco products. Certainly, legislation on control tobacco use has been a great public health success, saving millions of lives, but it is critical to examine the social context of such interventions, address the unintended negative consequences (especially for impoverished communities), and appropriately tailor tobacco control policies. Interventions that increase social network support and community empowerment and those that reduce stress and provide meaningful activities in impoverished neighborhoods may be one avenue to improve health related to substance use and hence decrease tobacco use. There are other common approaches to tobacco control such as reduce access and advertising, but it may behoove us to address factors that enhance the social and physical context rather than only focusing on making the acquisition of tobacco products more difficult.

Although many public health researcher programs emphasize the dangers and evils of substance use, they are often developed by people who have many alternatives and options in their lives. Substance use disproportionally impacts impoverished communities. It may be beneficial for investigators to ask the question of why "shouldn't people use drugs?" What are the alternatives? Without jobs, why worry about drug use causing the loss of a job? Without the prospect of a good future, why not live in the moment? Addictive substances can lead to a cascade of hellish events for the users and their family and friends. These events may future reduce economic opportunities and drain existing meager resources. A history of substance use may also lead to employment discrimination (Baldwin, Marcus, & De Simone, 2010). This is not to say that more affluent communities and individuals do not suffer from the deleterious physiological, psychological, social, and economic impact of drug dependence; however, given the disproportionate impact of substance abuse on impoverished populations, disproportionate resources need to be spent in poorer communities to address and prevent substance use.

Enhancing communities' economic well-being is undoubtedly a key approach to improve health outcomes associated with substance use; however, it behooves us to look at economic factors that promote drug use. These are the formal and informal economies. With strong profit motives, purveyors of licit and illicit substances are likely to find ingenious methods to distribute their products. They also have far more resources than health researcher and practitioners to develop effective interventions that promote increased substance use. Consequently, it is imperative to document and disseminate information on the wide range of harms, as well as benefits, caused by specific drugs to enlist public and political support for research and policies to address substance use.

Economics is one form of power that drives drug use. Individuals, such as drug treatment experts, with power and privilege help determine the social meanings of drug use and treatments. Investigators are in a position to ascribe a wide range of meanings to drug use and drug users. The meanings ascribed to drug use are often narrow. In our research based harm reduction interventions for HIV prevention in Baltimore, Maryland, we often find that participants will initially report that their primary goal of joining the study is to stop using opiates and cocaine. They are often surprised when the group facilitator acknowledges this is valid goal but then goes on to say that it is not the only worthy goal, and that active users have a range of viable options to improve their health and help their family and friends. For some drug users the meaning of becoming clean of drugs becomes entangled with cleaning up one's life. This is not to say that cessation isn't a lofty goal, but in impoverished neighborhoods this outcome may not lead to employment or other valued activities and goals. Our interventions need to address a range of outcomes so that participants can achieve meaningful successes and address some of the numerous obstacles that impede their social and psychological well-being.

As the purveyors of meanings, researchers and practitioners, as well as political actors, use the meanings of drug use as a form of social control, and only a limited number of treatment and prevention approaches are deemed valid and acceptable. Often in treatment programs there is an expectation for repentance for drug use. Drug treatment programs usually focus on controlling and eradicating undesirable behaviors and continued drug use may leads to ejecting from the program. Those in the role of drug experts are prone to claim authority on defining the meanings of drug use and treatment. Those who do not agree with these prescribed meanings may be accused of being soft on drugs or naive.

Clearly, our approaches to substance use prevention and treatment and HIV prevention and care need to be more innovative, holistic, and based in the context of neighborhoods, networks, and communities. Scientific and practices paradigms are invaluable for addressing substance abuse but they can also serve as blinders due to an overreliance on the prevailing paradigms of how to do good research and practice. In developing new perspectives, we need to be able to traverse level of analyses from individual meanings to corporate monopolies to have a powerful and sustained impact on the people's physical and mental well-being associated with substance use.


We obtained Mg2Si1-xSnx films on the c-plane sapphire and the (100) CaF2 substrates using the radio frequency (RF) magnetron co-sputtering method under various sputtering area ratio of Mg chips to Mg2Si (Sn) target and a subsequent two-step annealing process up to 400°C. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) analysis of the samples confirmed that the obtained films were ternary Mg2Si1-xSnx films with a composition of x ≈ 0.31. Optical microscopy and EDS mapping images of Mg2Si and Mg2Si1-xSnx (x = 0.31) films after annealing at 400°C showed remarkable Mg desorption from Mg2Si1-xSnx films, but not from Mg2Si films. The Hall effect measurements revealed that all Mg2Si1-xSnx films annealed at 400°C had a ptype conductivity. The first-principles calculations suggested that a combination of two different types of defects, Sn substitution at Si site (SnSi) and Mg vacancy (VMg), which acts as an acceptor, could be the origin of the p-type conductivity of Mg2Si1-xSnx films.


Abstract What makes a fungus pathogenic? In this review, phylogenetic inference is used to speculate on the evolution of plant and animal pathogens in the fungal Phylum Ascomycota. A phylogeny is presented using 297 18S ribosomal DNA sequences from GenBank and it is shown that most known plant pathogens are concentrated in four classes in the Ascomycota. Animal pathogens are also concentrated, but in two ascomycete classes that contain few, if any, plant pathogens. Rather than appearing as a constant character of a class, the ability to cause disease in plants and animals was gained and lost repeatedly. The genes that code for some traits involved in pathogenicity or virulence have been cloned and characterized, and so the evolutionary relationships of a few of the genes for enzymes and toxins known to play roles in diseases were explored. In general, these genes are too narrowly distributed and too recent in origin to explain the broad patterns of origin of pathogens. Co-evolution could potentially be part of an explanation for phylogenetic patterns of pathogenesis. Robust phylogenies not only of the fungi, but also of host plants and animals are becoming available, allowing for critical analysis of the nature of co-evolutionary warfare. Host animals, particularly human hosts have had little obvious effect on fungal evolution and most cases of fungal disease in humans appear to represent an evolutionary dead end for the fungus. Plants have been important in the evolution of fungi, and the rapid nature of co-evolutionary change might partially explain the lack of obvious, global characters uniting all plant pathogens.


Background: Odontogenic cysts are asymptomatic. They are diagnosed radiographically (80 %) or through sporadic symptomatology (20 %). There is scarce epidemiological data regarding this pathology in Colombia. Purpose: To describe the frequency of odontogenic cysts, based on the 2017 WHO classification, among patients of the National University of Colombia dental school. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out using clinical records of patients with diagnosis of odontogenic cysts (confirmed through histopathological analysis), whose age, sex, and cyst location (affected area) data were correctly completed. Fisher's test was used to evaluate independence between variables (p=0.05). Results: The most frequent odontogenic cysts were: dentigerous cyst (66.6 %), radicular cyst (22.2 %), and odontogenic keratocyst (11.2 %). 77.7 % were observed in men. 38.9 % were diagnosed between the first and second decades of life (p=0.041) and the posterior mandibular area was the most affected (44.4 %) (p=0.017). Conclusions: Dentigerous cyst were found most frequently during the second decade of life, affecting men and the posterior mandibular area. Radicular cysts did not show preference for one gender, occurred during and after the fourth decade of life and affected the anterior maxilla. Odontogenic keratocyst showed no predilection for sex or affected area and was mainly present in two different decades of life.