The purpose of this ethnography was to examine the elements of my personal goals and aspirations of being an elementary school teacher with the real experience of teaching students within my classroom. Through the lens of an ethnography, and grounded in the research components of culturally inclusive education and, this thesis provides a critical and needed pedagogical approach to how teachers can make a difference in the lives of their students, and in the process learn that they are really the ones being taught. TEACHERS MAKE THE DIFFEFERENCE/GOODMAN 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS Dedication......................................................................................................2 Abstract.........................................................................................................3 Preface...........................................................................................................5 Part A: Who am I & why do I want to be a teacher? .....................................................6 Part B: Who are my students? ..............................................................................20 a. Introduction.......................................................................................21 b. Case Study 1: Sabrina...........................................................................22 c. Case Study 2: Felix..............................................................................34 d. Case Study 3: Blake..............................................................................45 e. Concluding Thoughts on Case Studies: .......................................................56 Part C: What is happening in my community, school, and classroom? .................................58 Part D: Analysis of Teacher Effectiveness..................................................................78 Conclusion....................................................................................................98 References.....................................................................................................99 Appendices...................................................................................................101 a. Appendix A.....................................................................................101 b. Appendix B.....................................................................................102 c. Appendix C.....................................................................................103 d. Appendix D.....................................................................................104 e. Appendix E.....................................................................................105 f. Appendix F.....................................................................................106 g. Appendix G.....................................................................................107 h. Appendix H.....................................................................................108 i. Appendix I.....................................................................................109 j. Appendix J.....................................................................................110 k. Appendix K.....................................................................................111 l. Appendix L.....................................................................................112 m. Appendix M.....................................................................................113 n. Appendix N.....................................................................................114 o. Appendix O.....................................................................................115 TEACHERS MAKE THE DIFFEFERENCE/GOODMAN 5 PREFACE When I entered this program at Claremont Graduate University (CGU), I was impressed and inspired with the idea of completing a ethnographic narrative as my master's thesis; to be like Zora Neale Hurston, and evaluate a concept and a community and a people from the inside: Hurston embraced anthropology's belief that rigorous and systematic training provided its practitioners with a unique vision of the world. And her metaphor of anthropology as a spy-glass, as an illuminating lens, still resonates today. But where she departed from convention was in her choice of subject matter. To study her own people as a native anthropologist ran counter to the prevailing intellectual winds. Further, her blurring of literary conventions with ethnographic data was a challenge of which she was keenly aware. Hurston's willingness to go against the grain and to experiment with new ethnographic styles and methods positions her as the foremother of what is today called interpretive anthropology, or the new ethnography (McClaurin, 2014). This ethnography was written from a perspective of someone who grew up in higher education, and through a lens of someone whose mother belongs to the 1% of women of color of who have a doctoral degree. Within this ethnography is the examination of three students from the 2018-19 academic year, and my first year of teaching. Teaching at one of the seven elementary schools in Claremont California, a city similar to the one I grew up in, provided a sense of comfort as well as a sense of responsibility to do justice to the students in my classroom. Inspired by my background in higher education, and driven to provide an inside view of the day to day experiences of students in my classroom, as Hurston was inspired in her research, I found myself grounding my beliefs and research in culturally specific pedagogy. I completed three home visits, and have attended countless soccer games, dance recitals, musicals, etc. in an effort to provide a clearer picture into the world of a liberal and progressive community in combination with my own reflective and biased beliefs as a thirty year old Black woman who understands the importance of education and knows how big of an impact a teacher can have on a student's life. TEACHERS MAKE THE DIFFEFERENCE/GOODMAN 6 PART A: Who am I & why do I want to be a teacher? Deepak Chopra states, "I can affect change by transforming the only thing that I ever had control over in the first place, and that is myself" (Nacson, 1998). This is a perfect description of the transformation that has occurred over the last year of my life. Up until the summer before I went into my first master's program, I wanted to be an 8th grade teacher. All through middle school and high school, and even through college I wanted to be a teacher—specifically 8th grade because I felt like I wanted to get to a student before they got to high school and had learned to hate school. Unfortunately, or rather fortunately given that I would not be where I am today without that experience, I had a mentor who told me that I was "too brilliant" to be a K-12 teacher. I decided that summer to un-enroll in the Cal Poly Pomona credential program and enroll in their masters in higher education. In the fall of 2017, I started my fourth semester as a PhD student in the Cultural Studies Program at Claremont Graduate University, and within the same semester had a true moment of reconciliation and reflection—in fact, it was a true forced moment of reconciliation and reflection. Why was I in the PhD program? Where did I see myself after the program was complete? How was my mental and physical health being affected by the stress of knowing I was in a program that I didn't love and honestly didn't belong in? What choices did I feel I had to make when completing homework, participating in discussions, etc. to feel good enough or that I belonged in the program at all? How did I get caught up in the politics, titles and statuses that come with the PhD, and somehow forget why I wanted to be in education in the first place? These questions were concepts that I had been questioning since my first semester of the PhD program, and I can honestly say I knew then, that the program wasn't for me, however, in this moment/chapter of my life, I was forced to sit down and truly deal with the decisions that I had made up to this point. I was sick of sitting in classes where people with privilege continued to TEACHERS MAKE THE DIFFEFERENCE/GOODMAN 7 pretend as though they didn't have any, I was sick of not feeling supported in my research and my passions, I was sick of feeling like no one cared about the scholars who were at the very beginnings of their academic careers and I was sick of feeling like there was more that I could be doing to help those who were just beginning their educational climb. Between questioning my passions and drive in life, feeling like I was doing a disservice to those who had not had the same educational and supportive background that I had, and suffering from a miscarriage, I had to finally acknowledged to myself and to those around me, that my true passion, the true breadth of my educational aspirations didn't belong in higher education and college level students, rather, I belonged in the beginning of a students' inspiration and aspirations, within their fundamental years of primary/elementary school. What came next is what led me here, to the teaching credential and master's program at Claremont Graduate University. Personal Experiences and Beliefs I have a significant background in higher education, in fact higher education is the world I grew up in. My mother is currently the Executive Director of Admissions and Enrollment Planning at California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, and has been in higher education in multiple forms (counseling non-profit organizations, working with families to set an educational plan to help underrepresented students get into the UC system and now the CSU system, etc.) my entire life. I grew up sitting in the back of a classroom or conference room or large auditorium listening to her provide lectures, advice and lived experiences both as a parent and an administrator for


Overview of the EC‐funded Open Archives Forum (www.oaforum.org) which supports the dissemination of information about European open‐archives initiatives. This article describes the forum's activities which consist of workshops, reports, an e‐mail list and Web site.


Robert Chope is a professor of counseling at San Francisco State University, where he coordinates the Career Counseling Program. He is also the founder of the Career and Personal Development Institute in San Francisco, a practice that he has had for more than 25 years. Dr. Chope received his PhD from the University of Minnesota, Department of Psychology, where his dissertation advisor was David P. Campbell of the Strong-Campbell and Campbell Interest and Skills Inventory fame. His undergraduate work was at Harvard University, where he was heavily influenced and mentored by B. F. Skinner. Dr. Chope is a licensed psychologist and a licensed marriage and family therapist. He is the author of Dancing Naked: Breaking Through the Emotional Limits That Keep You From the Job You Want and Shared Confinement: Healing Options for You and the Agoraphobic in Your Life, both published by New Harbinger Publications, and Family Matters: The Influence of the Family in Career Decision Making by Pro-Ed. He has been heard on more than 100 radio and television shows around the country and is regularly featured in newspapers and online journals. Recently, he was the subject of interviews on eWeek, the Wall Street Journal, the New York Times, and Cosmopolitan Magazine. In the San Francisco Bay Area, he has been on NPR, KQED Forum, KUSF Forum, and KCBS Sunday Morning radio stations and KPIX, KRON, KTVU, and UPN 44 television stations. He is a fellow of the National Career Development Association (NCDA), a winner of the Robert Swan Lifetime Achievement in Career Counseling Award, and a winner of the 2004 NCDA outstanding career practitioner of the year award. An interview with Robert Chope, PhD, concerning his contributions in career counseling revealed many opportunities to integrate career and family counseling. The interview explored the evolution of career counseling and the inclusion of family systems perspectives. Case examples were provided.


112 Background: Telehealth improves access to cancer care for patients with cancer in rural communities. It allows qualified infusion nurses to administer chemotherapy in smaller rural towns under supervision by health professionals from larger tertiary sites. Here we would like to share our institutional experience in tele-chemotherapy administration to patients in rural Utah. Methods: We collected patient data including treatment regimens administered at our tele health sites from March 2019 to February 2021. Results: A total of 133 unique patients received 1073 cycles of low to intermediate risk treatment regimens. 42 unique regimens including intravenous and oral chemotherapy drugs, immune therapy and targeted drugs were administered at four rural facilities including Cassia Regional Center, Sanpete Valley Hospital, Severe Valley Hospital and Heber Valley Hospital in Utah. 52 physicians located at tertiary sites were involved in tele-chemotherapy administration. In addition to Medicare, Medicaid, the tele chemotherapy was covered by four commercial payers including Blue Cross Blue Shield, Select Health, Tricare and United Healthcare. Conclusions: Tele chemotherapy administration is feasible and allows improved access to cancer patients in rural communities. We aim to expand current project to capture the patient satisfaction and clinical outcomes including treatment delays, dose modifications, infusion reactions, hospitalizations or emergency visits.


Introduction.- Electronic Structures of Symmetric Diradical Systems.- Electronic Structures of Asymmetric Diradical Systems.- Diradical Character View of (Non)linear Optical Properties.- Diradical Character View of Singlet Fission.- Summary.


The photoinduced energy transfer process from conjugated polymer (PPE4+) to CdTe nanocrystals was found both in solutions and in thin films by a fluorescence spectroscopic technique. Films of PPE4+ blended with CdTe-2 nanocrystals were formed by an electrostatic layer-by-layer assembly technique. Light emitting diodes were fabricated using CdTe-2 as an emitter in PPE4+ host. PPE4+ works as a molecular wire in the energy transfer process from the polymer to the CdTe-2 nanocrystals.


Summary Many adults were raised in families in which members displayed both alcohol/chemical dependency and patterns of physical, verbal or sexual violence. This article summarizes the common effects of this background upon adults. Treatment guidelines are provided.


By seeding glycogen accumulating organisms(GAOs) granular sludge,granular sludge capable of simultaneous nitrification,denitrification and phosphorus removal was successfully cultivated in an anaerobic-aerobic sequencing batch reactor.During the enrichment process,the increase in the phosphorus content of granular sludge,the amount of anaerobic phosphorus released and the phosphorus removal rate indicates that dominant organisms in the granular sludge gradually change from GAOs to phosphorus accumulating organisms(PAOs).Cultivated granular sludge is 600-1 000 μm in diameter,and 48 mL/g in SVI.Organic substances are mostly absorbed and stored as intracellular polymer PHB during the anaerobic period.The anaerobic TOC and total TOC removal rates are 87% and 90% respectively,and the phosphorus removal rate is 95.6%.Moreover,nitrogen is removed via simultaneous nitrification and denitrification during successive aerobic periods.Intracellular storage polymer PHB is used as the carbon source for denitrification.The removal rates of ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen are 99.3% and 85.5% respectively.


The invention relates to an advertising system, comprising an advertisement request module, an advertisement server and an advertisement basic information packaging module which are positioned in a web server module. The advertisement server is connected with the advertisement request module to receive an advertisement application request from the advertisement request module, thus returning the corresponding advertisement basic information to the advertisement basic information packaging module according to the request. The advertisement basic information packaging module is used for packaging the advertisement basic information from the advertisement server as a page advertisement according to a pattern of a page advertisement region which is stored in the web server module, and the page advertisement is published to the web page advertisement region. The invention further relates to an advertising method based on the system. As the invention provides the advertisement basic information rather than the advertisement in the form of page, the web server module and a middle server module can flexibly organize the page display form of the advertisement.


Objective:To understand the contents of main nutritional ingredients in mature milk of lying-in women in Xinhui district of Jiangmen city and the differences among lying-in women with different ages,parities,and delivery modes.Methods:Breast milk samples(20 ml) of 1 250 full-term lying-in women at 42 days after delivery were collected in Xinhui district of Jiangmen city,the contents of main nutritional ingredients(protein,lipid,and lactose) in breast milk samples were detected,and then the results were compared with reference values,the percentages of lying-in women whose contents of main nutritional ingredients reached the reference values were analyzed statistically;the differences of contents of main nutritional ingredients among lying-in women with different ages,parities,and delivery modes were analyzed statistically.Results:The contents of lactose and protein in mature milk of lying-in women in Xinhui district were stable,which reached the reference values or were higher than the reference values;the content of lipid was unstable,34.7% of them reached the reference value,3.6% of them were higher than the reference value,and 61.8% of them were lower than the reference value;there was no statistically significant difference in the contents of main nutritional ingredients in mature milk among lying-in women with different ages(20-29-year-old,30-34-year-old,and ≥ 35-year-old),parities(primiparous women and parturient women),and delivery modes(vaginal delivery and cesarean section)(P0.05).Conclusion:The nutritional status of lying-in women in Xinhui district is good generally,but the content of lipid in breast milk is unstable,the proportion of lying-in women with contents of main nutritional ingredients lower than the reference values is high,dietary nutritional guidance targeting to lying-in women should be conducted widely to further improve the quality of breast milk;the main nutritional ingredients in mature milk of lying-in women in Xinhui district is not affected by maternal age,parity,and delivery modes,it is advocated that all the healthy lying-in women should insist breastfeeding for more than 4-6 months after delivery.


It is usual for a patient to continue performing exercises outside of the clinic and without any therapist's supervision, after being exempted from in-clinic physical therapy. While performing unsupervised exercises, it is desirable for the patient to receive similar feedback as otherwise provided by a physical therapist, to maintain an accurate execution of the rehabilitation tasks. To address this problem, several approaches have been proposed using multimodal feedback for rehabilitation. Unfortunately, the test subjects frequently reported difficulty in completely understanding the feedback given to them, therefore failing to correctly execute the given movement. In this work, we present SleeveAR, a novel approach to address multimodal feedback strategies, and evaluate which different combinations are more suitable to successfully guide a subject through an exercise prescribed by a physical therapist. Therefore we expect this work will contribute to facilitate the rehabilitation process.


New technological aids should be thought of as handmaidens to learning. The decision to use particular kinds of technological devices or systems must be made in terms of the objectives to be achieved. For that reason, it is important to keep in mind the objectives of health education as we consider the appropriateness of various technological developments for that field. Current health education objectives are reflected in the following quotation from "Suggested School Health Policies" prepared by the National Committee on School Health Policies:


International practices of transmission projects in permafrost regions have significance to similar projects or relative research in China. Take the transmission projects in Yukon Territory of Canada and Alaska as examples,relative practice and successful experiences are systematically analyzed and summarized covering the whole process from pre-project program,project design and construction to maintenance during operation. Then,the important lessons which can be learned from international practices are discussed from the following respects: improvement of project evaluation system,establishment of construction criterions and technical standards,environmental risk control and maintaining safety of project operation and management.


The future electricity distribution networks employ small-scale Distributed Generation (DG) units due to their numerous advantages. This paper sets out to find the best location for placing a DG unit so as to optimize certain parameters of interest. We formulate the issue of finding the most suitable place for a DG unit using Multi Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA). In addition to discussing a new approach for DG placement, this paper shows that choosing the best place for a DG unit can significantly affect the performance of a distribution network.


This study endeavored to find out the implication of study habits to the academic achievement of Fourth Year students in Sta. Cruz, Zambales during the academic year 2014-2015. The study revealed that the study habits significantly improve the academic achievement of Fourth Year students. This means that the better the study habits, the higher the academic achievement. Certain study habits which are highly correlated with academic achievement should be emphasized, such as study method, time management, examination technique, motivation and concentration. Hence, students should be made aware of how these study habits contribute to their learning and greatly improve their academic achievement. Parents should get appropriate guidance and counselling about dealing with secondary school students to develop a good study habits for the educational development of their children. And public secondary teachers should attend trainings and workshops on how to teach efficient study habits to students. Also, awareness programs through workshops and counselling and guidance may be conducted for students to make them aware about their success in academic and professional life through acquiring effective study habits. 4.Self-study should be encouraged and emphasized and the teachers should ask the students to keep the record of their progress towards their set goals. Efficient study habits increases students' academic achievements. .Related study should be conducted regarding the attitude and behavior towards study habits.


An architectural research team's efforts to present a future development concept for a total offshore port are depicted in this 39-page report. The solution presented incorporates a basic philosophy of planning, environmental quality, and flexible growth accommodating changing concepts. Topics discussed include history of offshore construction, mobile and floating platforms, artificial islands and site study.


To intensify prudential supervision on financial asset securitization is of utmost importance for achieving its sustained and sound development.Although international community has accumulated a wealth of experience in supervision on financial asset,fatal defects,such as errors in legal incentive mechanism,loopholes in deal structure,failure to balance information disclosure and privacy right,hidden danger in mortgages,have been exposed fully in the subprime mortgage crisis(SMC) since 2007.Influenced by these defects,asset securitization eventually has led to economic turmoil and financial crises as well.


It describes a method for treating a condition related to Aβ peptide activity in both the prophylactic and therapeutic. The method for using the humanized antibody fragment which specifically binds to amino acids between positions 13-28 times of the human Aβ peptide, wherein the antibody fragment is covalently attached to polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecules. Polyethylene glycol molecule, pegylated, Aβ peptide, antibody fragments


early modern political theory was constructed.'' Two surprising gaps in theCompanion affect the 1660–1700 period especially. One is the lack of a chapter on translation, which (the editor points out) played ''a vital role in the establishment of early modern female literary culture.'' Translations by Hutchinson, Philips, and Behn, among others, contributed materially to that culture but get short shrift in this volume. The brevity of discussion of female friendship, erotic or companionate (two paragraphs only, both relating to Katherine Philips), is unfortunate also; this was a topos (and factor) of no small significance in the development of seventeenth-century women's writing, as some modern studies have shown. Karina Williamson University of Edinburgh


The design principle of integrity processing and analysis subsystem for real-time wide area precision positioning system is put forward in this article, and so is a new integrity validation designment. A reverse integrity verification method is discussed. The new scheme can effectively and sufficiently accomplish integrity monitor without reducing the numbers of reference stations.


In air defense systems, multiple radars with overlapping area of coverage are deployed for surveillance and tracking of aircraft. In such a situation, multiple tracks on the same target may appear. The problem of determining whether two tracks have originated from the same target is termed as Track-to-Track Association (T2TA). This process is followed by a Track-to-Track Fusion (T2TF) process which is done to fuse the tracks of multiple radars. Many multiple radar systems employ centralized T2TA and T2TF which takes place in a fusion center while the radars and their trackers are remotely located from the fusion center. Ideally, the radar trackers must supply target state estimates as well as the covariance and cross-covariance to the fusion center for optimal T2TA and T2TF. However, in case of legacy radars, only the target state estimates are provided to the fusion center. We propose a suboptimal but simple-to-implement technique based on weighted averages for T2TA and T2TF of legacy tracks. In the proposed technique, weighted averages are based on the reliability of the radar, track quality and deviation of target trajectory estimate from its smoothed value.


and/or aryl groups bonded to hydroxyl, alkoxyl, amino and halo substituents respectively. If these same functional groups are attached to an acyl group (RCO–) their properties are substantially changed, and they are designated as carboxylic acid derivatives. Carboxylic acids have a hydroxyl group bonded to an acyl group, and their functional derivatives are prepared by replacement of the hydroxyl group with substituents, such as halo, alkoxyl, amino and acyloxy. The following table lists some representative derivatives and their boiling points. An aldehyde and ketone of equivalent molecular weight are also listed for comparison. Boiling points are given for 760 torr (atmospheric pressure), and those listed as a range are estimated from values obtained at lower pressures. The relatively high boiling point of carboxylic acids is due to extensive hydrogen bonded dimerization. Similar hydrogen bonding occurs between molecules of 1o and 2o-amides (amides having at least one N–H bond), and the first three compounds in the table serve as hydrogen bonding examples. Table 1: Physical Properties of Some Carboxylic Acid Derivatives


Survival of coral reefs from globally rising temperature, sea level, and pollution requires new regeneration methods that greatly increase coral growth rates, survival, and resistance to accelerating extreme environmental stresses. Electric ("Biorock") limestone reefs can be grown in any size or shape, get stronger with age, grow back if damaged, and increase settlement, growth, survival, and stress resistance of all marine organisms examined. Electrified corals survive repeated severe bleaching events when over 90% of corals on nearby reefs die. Electric reefs are open mesh frameworks with more vertical levels of holes and surfaces than natural reefs, which can be grown in places where natural reefs cannot grow due to lack of substrate or unsuitable physical and chemical conditions. They strongly enhance reef physical structure, wave absorption, ecological function, biodiversity, productivity, and habitat and ecosystem services including shore protection, sand generation, and fisheries habitat, even at severely degraded sites where no natural regeneration takes place. Electric reefs, optimized for local needs, provide superior cost-effective options for shore protection, conservation, sustainable mariculture, and regeneration of coastal ecosystems that grow to keep pace with sea level rise. They will provide an essential tool to develop sustainable "Blue Economies."


This was printed in the online version of Harvard Magazine; the text also appeared in the NIH Alumni Association newsletter,
 Summer 1996.


We show that the sudden quenching mechanism responsible for the production of the disoriented chiral condensate gives rise automatically to squeezed states. We compare the distribution of charged and neutral pions in the two extreme limits of a sudden quench and a slow adiabatic relaxation and show that in the former case the difference in the distributions is much more dramatic than in the latter. We also examine the isospin stucture of the resulting squeezed pion distributions.


In this paper, we consider a hybrid satellite- terrestrial relay network (HSTRN) composed of a geostationary satellite, a terrestrial destination and multiple terrestrial relays in the presence of an eavesdropper, where the satellite transmits its data to the terrestrial destination via decode-and- forward (DF) relays while the secure transmission from relay to destination may leak to the eavesdropper. We explore the physical-layer security against eavesdropping attacks in HSTRN and propose the optimal relay selection scheme for improving the transmission security. Additionally, the classic round-robin scheduling is also considered to a benchmark scheme. Furthermore, the closed-form expressions of secrecy outage probability for both the round-robin scheduling and optimal relay selection schemes are derived. Finally, numerical results show that our proposed scheme generally outperforms the round-robin scheduling in terms of the secrecy outage probability.


The author outlines the Canadian Mobile Satellite program and the associated service offerings, and provides some detailed examples of potential end-user applications related to vehicle navigation and information systems. Particular attention is given to such end-user applications as aircraft flight tracking, truck fleet management, marine fleet management, and railcar fleet management. An outline of the expected end-user benefits of these services is given.<<ETX>>


A work is devoted to the investigation of psychological mechanisms of vital perspective formation at the age of early youth. Conceptual bases, research toolkit and results of investigation are presented in it. The article is of interest for psychologists, specialists in the field of social, age and pedagogic psychology, schoolteachers, business managers and parents.


age\(r = -0,445; p<0,05), i.e., the older the lesser immune system activity. Participants' age increase is associated with CD4 (r=-0,473; p<0,01); CD3 (r=-0,401; p<0,01); CD45 (r=0.399; p<0,01) activity decrease. Life satisfaction correlated positively with age (r=0,266; p<0,05), the same occurred to the CDR scale (r= 0,530; p<0,01). It was not observed direct correlation between life satisfaction and CDR with lymphocytic activity. This small sample's findings evidenced that age alters the immune system's lymphocytic subtypes activity. The age increase related to immune activity decrease and better life satisfaction, but there was no relation between life satisfaction and lymphocytic activity or cognitive status.


The PV solar assisted heat pump(PV-SAHP) can generate electricity and thermal energy from solar radiation simultaneously.Change in the cover ratio of PV cells leads to an opposite influence on the photovoltaic and thermal performance: the increase of the PV cells' cover ratio is advantageous to the photovoltaic process but adverse to the photothermic process.Additionally,the use of glass cover also leads to a similar influence.To evaluate the performance of PV-SAHP,based on the dynamic distributed parameter model of the system and the second law of thermodynamics,the effects of PV cells' cover ratio and glass cover were contrastively analyzed.The results show that the increase of the PV cells' cover ratio is advantageous to the performance of the system,while the use of glass cover is adverse to the performance of the system.


Metal foam is a functional material,its unique structure and properties have been increasingly applied.The state of art is pressented and the direction of development is discussed.


High-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) has been used for the separation and quantification of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN). The compounds were separated on silica gel 60 F254 with a double development system of trichloroethylene – acetone 4 : 1 and petroleum ether – acetone 5.7 : 1. For obtaining chromatograms of these materials, UV detection was performed at 215 and 250 nm for PETN and TNT, respectively. The linear dynamic range was 0.835 – 83.50 mg per spot for PETN and 0.045 – 1.44 mg per spot for TNT.


The new clerodane diterpene methyl 3-oxo-12-epibarbascoate was isolated from the stem barks of Croton urucurana together with the known diterpene methyl 12-epibarbascoate. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques and comparison with the literature data. The obtainment of crystals allowed the crystallographic analysis of X-ray diffraction of diterpenes, thus confirming the proposed structures.


The condensed-phase Baker Venkataraman rearrangement is an irreversible reaction, e.g. o-(−CH2CO)C6H4OCOPh → o-(−O)C6H4COCH2COPh. The collision-induced mass spectra of these two ions show the corresponding gas-phase reaction to be reversible.


THE St. Paul Globe was founded in 1878 when Minneapolis and St. Paul had scarcely emerged from the pioneer era and Minnesota was still on the nation's agricultural frontier. When the newspaper died some twenty-seven years later, the Twin Cities had mushroomed into the largest urban area northwest of Chicago and had become a railroad, milling, and financial center with a hinterland that extended from Lake Superior to the Rocky Mountains. St. Paul numbered some 40,000 citizens when the Globe began publication; when the paper was discontinued in 1905 the city's population had increased nearly fivefold to 197,023.^ Thus the lffe of the Globe spanned a quarter-century of phenomenal growth and witnessed the transformation of the community it served from a genteel river town into part of a powerful prairie metropolis. The Globe also encompassed a definite political era. In an age when journalism and


The invention discloses a wooden cycling turnover box and relates to the technical field of transporting equipment. The wooden cycling turnover box comprises a pedestal, the pedestal is connected with a turnover box body, slot holes are symmetrically formed in the pedestal near two ends, a connecting piece is connected in each slot hole, the connecting pieces are connected with the turnover box body through bolts, two insert slots are symmetrically formed in the inner side of each slot hole in the pedestal, and the insert slots are matched with insert teeth of a forklift. The wooden cycling turnover box is simple in structure, reasonable in design, capable of achieving fast assembly and disassembly, good in structure intensity, good in bearing capacity and capable of meeting turnover demands of different kinds of objects.


The goal of expanding health information exchange networks was to help providers exchange patient data safely, but not all networks are created equally.


The influence of the CdTe width on the characteristics of screen printed CdS/CdTe solar cell was studied by making 14 cells whose CdTe widths ranged from 2 to 8 mm on a 5×10 cm2 glass substrate. As the CdTe width decreased, the short-circuit current density of the cell decreased and the fill factor (FF) increased as expected. However, the increase of the FF with the decrease of CdTe width was smaller than the result calculated by assuming the series resistance of a cell determined only by the resistance of CdS film. Therefore, other improvements such as reducing contact resistances between semiconductor films and electrodes may be necessary to get a higher value of FF. The maximum practical efficiency (ηp) was obtained at the CdTe width around 5 mm, so many cells having CdTe width of about 5 mm were produced using 5×10 cm2 glass substrates and the maximum ηp of 5.2% (intrinsic efficiency of 8.5%) was obtained.


Abstract The focus of the presented research is attitude and loyalty to two brands of beer produced by the Carlsberg Group – Tuborg and Carlsberg. Both beers are lagers. The Carlsberg Group markets Tuborg as a more premium brand, and it also aims to promote it to women. Unlike in the Netherlands with one brand – Heineken and unlike in the Czech Republic with many well-known brands by a multitude of producers, the Danish case gives a unique opportunity to investigate if customers truly prefer one of two brands or are approximately equally low with regards to both brands as it is produced by the same company and tastes very similarly (if not the same). The survey was conducted in Denmark. Respondents were Danish (not international) university students; such selection was done in order to ensure familiarity of respondents with both brands.


Please see Brief Summary of full Prescribing Information, including Boxed Warning, on page S5. INDICATIONS AND USAGE LATUDA is indicated for treatment of major depressive episodes associated with bipolar I disorder (bipolar depression) as monotherapy and as adjunctive therapy with lithium or valproate. The efficacy of LATUDA was established in a 6-week monotherapy study and a 6-week adjunctive therapy study with lithium or valproate in adult patients with bipolar depression. The effectiveness of LATUDA for longer-term use, that is, for more than 6 weeks, has not been established in controlled studies. Therefore, the physician who elects to use LATUDA for extended periods should periodically re-evaluate the long-term usefulness of the drug for the individual patient. The efficacy of LATUDA in the treatment of mania associated with bipolar disorder has not been established. IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION AND INDICATIONS FOR LATUDA Antidepressants increased the risk of suicidal thoughts and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults in short-term studies. These studies did not show an increase in the risk of suicidal thoughts and behavior with antidepressant use in patients over age 24; there was a reduction in risk with antidepressant use in patients aged 65 and older. In patients of all ages who are started on antidepressant therapy, monitor closely for worsening, and for emergence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Advise families and caregivers of the need for close observation and communication with the prescriber. LATUDA is not approved for use in patients under the age of 18 years. Bipolar disorder is characterized by fluctuations between hypomania, depression, or mania, (1) though depressive episodes represent the most common symptomatic status associated with bipolar disorder. (2) Individuals with bipolar disorder have higher rates of metabolic syndrome relative to age- and gender-matched healthy comparison subjects. (3) The prevalence of metabolic syndrome affects the risk of cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality in these individuals. (3) In fact, comorbid cardiovascular disease is a greater contributor to mortality than is suicide in patients with bipolar disorder. (4) The onset of cardiovascular disease is also seen up to a decade earlier in this patient population, suggesting that close monitoring of cardiometabolic parameters is helpful for overall patient management. (6) While being aware of these cardiovascular risk factors in individuals with bipolar disorder is important, psychiatrists are not always able to serve as both specialists in mental health and as clinicians who follow their patients' physical health; therefore, these patients may benefit from ongoing management by a primary care clinician, in addition to their mental health visits. Collaborative approaches among psychiatrists, other specialists, and primary care clinicians have been correlated with improvements in outcomes, including patient satisfaction and medication adherence, which may reduce bipolar disorder-related morbidity and mortality. (6) Given the overall health profiles of these patients, psychiatrists, physicians, and other members of the multidisciplinary team should educate and help motivate patients with bipolar disorder to improve lifestyle through various behavioral interventions following a full assessment, including a standard lab workup to help direct care. Furthermore, existing medications and their potential side effects should be monitored as well. (3) LATUDA; A Treatment Option for Bipolar Depression The efficacy of LATUDA for the adjunctive treatment of bipolar depression was evaluated in a phase 3, randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of 348 patients with bipolar I disorder. (7) The results of this pivotal trial were published in the February 2014 issue of The American Journal of Psychiatry. …


Java archived file (JAR) is a kind of compressed java package file which contains mainly compiled java classes and other necessary resources such as XML files, text files, and picture files. Source code files are usually not included in the JAR file, especially for commercial applications. JAR files are always reused in open source software. Some developers adopt external code to their application without considering license constraints. Others reuse it after modifying the code to some level to appear as new code not related to the original source. In both cases, reusing the open source code should follow the license rules and constraints. This paper will explain the implementation of the fingerprint generator and detector program for JAR files. The implementation works through JAR file and deals with Java compiled files only to collect selected metadata attribute values of all methods to be included in the fingerprint for the JAR file.


High-contrast coronagraphic imaging is challenging for telescopes with central obstructions and thick spider vanes, such as the Subaru Telescope. We present in this article the first laboratory demonstration of a high-efficiency PIAA-type coronagraph on such a pupil, using coronagraphic optics which will be part of the Subaru Coronagraphic Extreme-AO (SCExAO) system currently under assembly. Lossless pupil apodization is performed by a set of aspheric PIAA lenses specifically designed to also remove the pupil's central obstruction, coupled with a spider removal plate (SRP) which removes spider vanes by translating four parts of the pupil with tilted plane-parallel plates. An "inverse-PIAA" system, located after the coronagraphic focal plane mask, is used to remove off-axis aberrations and deliver a wide field of view. Our results validate the concept adopted for the SCExAO system, and show that the Subaru Telescope pupil can be properly apodized for high-contrast coronagraphic imaging as close as≈1 λ/D with no loss of sensitivity. We also verify that off-axis aberrations in the system are in agreement with theory, and that the inverse PIAA system recovers a wide usable field of view for exoplanet detection and disks imaging.


A factorial experiment was used to examine the effects of soil temperature, brush competition, and fertility on the postplanting growth and development of white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) and white pine (Pinusstrobus L.) on a clear-cut forest site at the Petawawa National Forestry Institute. Environmental monitoring was used to confirm that soil temperature treatments were effective and that the brush competition treatments caused significant (α = 0.0001) differences in photosynthetically active radiation at tree level. On the basis of foliar analysis, both fertilization and brush control improved nutrient availability to the planted trees. Owing to adequate, well-distributed precipitation, soil moisture tension was not greater than 0.6 bars (1 bar = 100 kPa) in any treatment during the growing season. Growth response by both species was dominantly controlled by the soil temperature factor. Fertility produced secondary benefits to white pine, and brush control had secondary benefits to white spruc...


Abstract The energy stored in an extended elastomeric reservoir can be usefully employed in the controlled delivery of drug solutions at constant rates of flow through a fixed resistance. The absol...


Moniliophthora perniciosa, is the causal agent of the 'witch's broom' on cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) one of the most important diseases in cocoa plantations, causing economic losses close to 70% worldwide and 40% nationwide. It shows a high genetic variability and discrepancies in its taxonomy. Characterization of the genetic diversity of biotypes is important for projects aimed towards the handling of this pathogen and the development of resistant cocoa materials. Twelve isolations of the fungus from different cocoa material were analyzed in this study. Each sample was evaluated with molecular markers directed towards a nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) region known as ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer), an intergenic region (IGS-1), and five simple sequence repeats (SSR). The IGS-1 allowed the determination of biotype C, however, an evident genetic variability was found within this biotype that has not been reported yet. The genetic diversity analysis of M. perniciosa by microsatellite markers gave a total value of 0.4260, a total heterozygosity of 0.6143, and a polymorphism information content (PIC) of 0.3407; these values are considered to be within a medium to high range for the studied isolations, and are an estimation of the genetic variability present in M. perniciosa.


OBJECTIVE
This case study illustrates the use of natural language processing for identifying administrative task categories, prevalence and shifts necessitated by a major event (the COVID-19 pandemic) from user-generated data stored as free text in a task management system for a multi-site mental health practice with 40 clinicians and 13 administrative staff members.

METHODS
Structural topic modeling was applied on 7,079 task sequences from 13 administrative users of a HIPAA-compliant task management platform. Context was obtained through interviews with an expert panel.

RESULTS
10 task definitions spanning three major categories were identified, and their prevalence estimated. Significant shifts in task prevalence due to the pandemic were detected for tasks like billing inquiries to insurers, appointment cancellations, patient balances and new patient follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS
Structural topic modeling effectively detects task categories, prevalence, and shifts, providing opportunities for healthcare providers to reconsider staff roles and to optimize workflows and resource allocation.


The item"Errors and Omissions"in the Balance of Payment Statement has always failed to attract due attention in China.Considering economic and financial changes at home and abroad in the past twenty—two years and analyzing the statis- tics of China's International Balance of Payment Statement from 1985 and 2006,this paper examines the relationship between errors and omissions and China's capital flight and offers related suggestions and solutions by making an analysis of the periodic changes of errors and omissions.


Abstract A current trend in education is to opt for science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) initiatives to help close the looming gap in technical talent in the U.S. labor force. Another trend in education is to build bridges between college and K–12 programs to bring more students into technical studies. This paper will focus on a PIC microcontroller project that was funded in a STEM program and was subsequently used by a high school electronics program. The PIC microcontroller project was originally developed in the summer undergraduate program in 2007. The project design and implementation was facilitated by a grant called MAGEC-STEM (Minority Access to Graduate Education and Careers) funded by NSF. This grant supported high caliber students with a GPA of 3.5 and above. Students sponsored by this grant worked summer semesters on a project that was mutually agreeable to the students and the professor. Cooperation between a university and high school led to the completed college project that provided the students in the Pre-Engineering Electronics program at the high school to use the college project as an engineering challenge. The project introduced the high school students to STEM concepts using hands-on activities. Keywords: STEM, Microcontrollers, NSF


Just two decades ago the idea that small enterprises might be seen as the key to economic regeneration and a road to renewed growth of employment and the fight against mass unemployment may have seemed eccentric or even absurd. In addition, nowadays SME sector forms large part of most economies. As SMEs are based on small scales which are close to low/middle class people who are normally low skilled / unskilled with low capital, supporting plans to SMEs have been accepted in terms of positive effects. On the other hand, since SMEs managers suffer from various weaknesses, they are not able to keep themselves survived in competitive markets. In this situation credit support is one of the main elements, which has given a rise to different approaches as financial barriers in front of SMEs, has been big challenge for ages. Therefore, a question arises that how credit/finance supporting programs can be designed so long as the programs reduce some negative effects such as opportunistic behaviors, government burdens, etc. and increase positive ones like sustainability, efficiency, etc. In this framework, this article, after introducing the meaning of SME and the rationality, would talks on needs of SMEs for playing expected role properly. Then it moves on the obstacles of SMEs which credit/finance would be emphasized and the approaches to credit support programs will be discussed and the characteristics of a successful credit grogram would be introduced.


Twenty-five clones of hybridoma cells secreting anti-DNA autoantibodies were isolated after fusions between plasmacytoma cells (P3-x 63 Ag 8.653) and spleen cells from nonimmunized autoimmune NZB/NZW F1 (B/W) mice. A monoclonal anti-DNA autoantibody was immunochemically analyzed.


The formation of the known compound Cu{sup +}Cu{sup 2+}Mg{sub 3}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3} by alternate reactions and its thermal stability were studied. The formation of solid solutions of the types Mg{sub 2{minus}x}Cu{sub x}P{sub 2}O{sub 7} and Mg{sub 3{minus}x}Cu{sub x}(PO{sub 4}){sub 2} was reexamined, mainly to aid in the identification of the products of decomposition of Cu{sup +}Cu{sup 2+}Mg{sub 3}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}. X-ray diffractometry patterns of Mg{sub 2{minus}x}Cu{sub x}P{sub 2}O{sub 7} varied gradually in the range 0 {le} x {le} 2, which indicates complete miscibility.


A one stage population study using anonymous questionnaire survey method was conducted. 5,962 of the 7-11" 1 form students of general education schools of Yekaterinburg were interviewed for the purpose of studying time expenditures, main physical activity forms and causes, incidence of physical activity and causes of low levels of physical activity amongst the adolescents, impact of physical activity on health. 16.5% of the students are not engaged in any forms of physical activity apart from the physical education classes. Incidence rate of low levels of physical activity (less than 5 hours per week) amongst boys was 58.9 ± 1.9%, amongst girls it was 80.0 ± 1.4%. With age the incidence of low level physical activity amongst boys does not change considerably and amongst girls it increases. A walk is the preferred form of physical activity amongst adolescents, which does not provide even the lowest required range of motion. As the main reason that prevents adolescents from leading an active lifestyle they name a lack of spare time. Contingency between the level of physical activity and the health condition of the students was determined.


In this work, highly efficient Cux–Mn composite catalysts (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.20) were synthesized by an improved hydrothermal–citrate complex method and tested in the catalytic total oxidation of CO and the removal of NO by CO. The influence of Cu on manganese oxide materials was characterized by several techniques, including FESEM, HRTEM, XRD, BET analysis, H2 TPR, O2 TPD, XPS, and DRIFTS. Possible reaction mechanisms for the NO + CO model reaction and CO oxidation were also tentatively proposed. The Cu-modified manganese oxide materials showed higher catalytic activity in CO oxidation and the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with CO than pure MnOx materials. The improved catalytic activity in CO oxidation observed for the copper–manganese oxide catalyst was associated with a greater amount of adsorbed oxygen species and high lattice oxygen mobility due to the formation of a Cu1.5Mn1.5O4 spinel active phase (Cux2+–Mnx3+–[O(y–z)⊙z] species). Furthermore, in terms of the CO-SCR model reaction, the surface...


This work is devoted to the development of a simulation model of a voltage drop compensation device containing an electric energy storage device. The proposed control algorithm makes it possible to minimize the shock moment and the current surge of the motor when transferring the load in the event of an emergency. The control system considered in the work implements an algorithm for automatic phase matching of the EMF of the motor and the voltage of the inverter, which allows soft switching function transferring the load from one power source to another. In this case, the electric voltage angle of the inverter is phase-consistent with the decrease EMF of the motor. The calculation of EMF with the allocation of amplitude, phase and frequency is carried out with the help of an observer developed by the authors. As a result, a workable simulation model of a high-speed automatic reserve input device with an energy storage device was obtained. In conclusion, the authors cite transients that confirm the operability of the proposed approaches.


Objective To explore the correlation of left ventricular peak filling rate(LVPFR)with left ventricular mass(LVM)in patients with coronary artery disease(CAD).Methods To measure LVPFR,LVM and left ventricular mass index(LVMI)in 34 patients with CAD using real-time three-dimensional echocardiography(RT-3DE),and analyze the correlation of LVPFR with LVM and LVMI in patients with CAD.Results Linear correlative analysis showed that LVPFR was negatively correlated with LVM and LVMI in patients with CAD(r=-0.684,P=0.000;r=-0.706,P=0.000).Conclusion LVPFR is closely related to LVM in patients with CAD,and can reflected the left ventricular diastolic function in patients with CAD synthetically.


Efficient fourth order symplectic integrators are proposed for numerical integration of separable Hamiltonian systems H(p,q) = T(p) + V(q). Symmetric splitting coefficients with five to nine stages are obtained by higher order decomposition of the simple harmonic oscillator. The performance of the methods is evaluated for various Hamiltonian systems: Integration errors are compared to those of acclaimed integrators composed by S. Blanes et al. (2013), W. Kahan et al. (1999) and H. Yoshida (1990). Numerical tests indicate that the integrators obtained in this paper perform significantly better than previous integrators for common Hamiltonian systems.


The active host detecting is the most important step to some port scanning or determining host OS technologies.In order to enhance the accuracy of the active host detecting,the paper analyzes the current active host detecting technologies.Then based on these technologies,a scheme which adopts several the active host detecting technologies and runs respectively is given.Thus,this paper explains corresponding programming and the procedure realization of this scheme in detail.


Studying the polarization of paraxial beams propagating through uniaxial anisotropic crystals at an arbitrary angle is a powerful feature to extend the range of utilization of these crystals. In this paper, we derive a general theoretical model, based on the existing theory, to describe the transformations of polarization state in cases of arbitrary beam propagation. Stokes parameters are employed for the determination of polarization state of the light beam. The derived model is applied to a linearly polarized quasi-Gaussian beam propagating through rutile crystal. The dependence of the polarization state of the beam on many parameters such as beam waist, angle of propagation, and thickness of the crystal is investigated. The variation of each of these parameters leads to an extensive and interesting change of the polarization state. Moreover, the results are employed to observe the variations of the spin angular momentum as a function of the above-mentioned parameters. Furthermore, we report on an interesting result regarding the longitudinal component of the propagating field, where we noticed the existence of clearly non negligible values of this component for certain propagation parameters. The results of the current work are promising and can be utilized to obtain the best functioning of the output beam depending on its shape and polarization. In addition, they are promising for other future applications such as designing polarization-based devices which are useful in many fields.


The invention relates to a synthesis method of an organosilicon compound, in particular to a synthesis method of dimethylchlorosilane. The method comprises the following step of: reacting methyl hydrogen-containing polysiloxane as a hydrogen source with dimethyldichlorosilane by using alkyl chloride quaternary ammonium salt or chloride quaternary phosphine salt as a catalyst. In the invention, alkylamide, alkyl phosphorus amide and cyclic amide are used as solvents, which greatly enhance the catalyst activity, improve the reaction speed and make the industrial production of dimethylchlorosilane possible by using the method.


This paper presents a generalized theoretical analysis of Tsui's phase measurement approach for the situation in which there are N simultaneous signals, where one of the signals is strong and N - 1 signals are weak. Signal amplitudes are normalized to the amplitude of the strongest signal. This approach provides the capability to extract values of the signal parameters. The capability for up to N = 4 simultaneous signals is desired in the design goal for electronic warfare receivers.


Silymarin and its flavonolignan isomers, silybin, isosilybin, dehydrosilybin, silychristin, silydianin, and a few flavonoids mainly taxifolin, have been subjected to a variety of antimicrobial investigations due to extensive traditional uses and low side effects. Antimicrobial activities for silymarin and active seed extracts of Silybum marianum against different bacteria, fungi, viruses and parasites have been reported in recent years. The sound results for antimicrobial effect of silymarin make it a good candidate to synergeticly enhance the inhibitory activity of existing antimicrobial agents. Moreover, different studies have been done to increase the antimicrobial activity of silymarin, including synthesis of different chemical derivatives to increase its water solubility as well as synthesis of silymarin-loaded nanoliposomes to increase its antimicrobial activity. This review aims to summarize previous antimicrobial studies of silymarin in regard to its application in the future studies as an alternative natural antimicrobial agent.


Researching many cache invalidation strategies, we propose a performance analyzing model which can evaluate the cache schemes in the mobile computing environments. Based on some parameters - the update rate, the hitting 揾ot spot?rate, the bandwidth of the wireless, the overhead of the uplink and downlink, etc., the throughput of cache strategies can be computed. Using this model, we evaluate the performance of four schemas no caching, ideal strategies, timestamp, mobile agent. Our study shows that this model is intensive practicability.


Recent DOE data indicate that 1984 US crude petroleum production was 3250 million bbl--an average of 8.879 million bbl/day. This represents a 2.5% gain over 1983 production of 3171 million bbl (8.688 million bbl/day). Natural gas liquids produced at gas processing plants increased from 569 million bbl in 1983 to 597 million bbl in 1984, but was still below the peak level of 638 million bbl in 1972. Alaska has been an important producer in recent years, increasing from 0.464 million bbl/day in 1977, 1.229 in 1978 and 1.617 in 1980 to 1.722 million bbl/day in 1984. The recent increases in Alaskan production have been due to production from the Kuparuk field. Some of the Lower 48 States also showed production increases, although overall, Lower-48 production has been dropping for some time. It amounted to 9.010 million bbl/day in 1973, dropped to 6.980 in 1980, and has shown only minor changes since then, totaling 7.157 million bbl/day in 1984--thanks to intense infill drilling. Total imports of crude and products in 1984 amounted to 1990 million bbl (5.437 million bbl/day), including oil for the strategic petroleum reserve (SPR). This was 8% higher than 1983's 1844 million bbl. 7 figures, 9 tables.


The wide application of Internet of Things (IoT) technology in industrial automation promotes the emergence of industrial IoT systems, where state estimation plays a critical role in accurately tracking the state of control system and enabling informed decisions and appropriate actions. State estimation is generally performed with the sensory data delivered over IoT. Therefore, the transmission performance of sensory data plays a crucial role in the accuracy of state estimation. However, it is challenging to ensure the required transmission reliability for state estimation due to spectrum scarcity, energy limitation, and the harsh industrial radio environment. To address this issue, we propose an energy-aware sensor scheduling and opportunistic transmission scheme to balance the estimation performance and resource consumption. In particular, we define a novel performance metric, estimation error ratio, to evaluate the impact of sensor scheduling on estimation performance. Then, a spectrum and energy resources constrained minimization problem is formulated to reduce the weighted sum of estimation error and energy consumption. In order to effectively solve the non-convex problem, an estimation error ratio-based algorithm is designed to determine the scheduled sensors. Moreover, we propose an iterative method to obtain the near-optimal solution for the opportunistic transmission problem. Finally, simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can effectively reduce energy consumption with the estimation accuracy guarantee.


This paper proposes a method for improving the performance of two-dimensional, higher order theories of homogeneous and laminated composite plates. The method is based on the appropriate specification of through-thickness shape functions which are suitable for the accurate stress analysis of plates, on the basis of a general six-degrees-of-freedom plate theory (G6DOFPT). G6DOFPT takes both transverse shear and transverse normal deformation effects into consideration using three shape functions, each of which is associated with one of the three unknown displacement components. Specification of these three shape functions is achieved by solving the corresponding equations of three-dimensional elasticity for a simply supported plate. Thus, the shape functions correspond to the exact elasticity solution presented in previous work. Hence, no results are shown for simply supported plates because, in that case, the present method will yield the results of the exact elasticity analysis. Instead, new results are presented and discussed. These deal with the cylindrical bending of homogeneous orthotropic and two-layered laminates which have both edges rigidly clamped. The new method is considered as the appropriate match of the new shape functions with the equations of G6DOFPT. This is a very promising combination because it employs through-thickness displacement and stress distributions having an "exact" shape away from the edge boundaries. In addition, it takes advantage of the relative ease with which solutions are obtained from the governing equations of a two-dimensional theory, especially in cases which involve complicated edge boundary conditions.


New developments within the traditional settings in the city centers have transformed the identity of constructed places leading to a gap between the characters of urban space and its users. The reason lies in the fact that the core of every urban space in traditional historic city was based on many years of history and humanenvironment interaction. On contrary, modern patterns of cityscapes show little awareness or any indication of awareness about their historical or cultural past. In other words, new architectural and urban designs and constructions, and even historic preservation programs and projects are not only integrated with the existing texture, but also create a sense of disconnection and strangeness. Therefore, it is necessary to study characteristics of urban space in historic urban cores on the basis of characterization of the past patterns of the urban life with intention to transfer the historic legacy to next generations. This paper is an attempt to reveal main characteristics of urban spaces in historic core of Iranian cities with intention to help the urban planners and designers searching for causes of destruction of urban core in traditional cities of Iran.


Poor families can be said to be families that have difficulty fulfilling their daily needs. This means that individuals who are unable to meet their basic needs and also do not have wealth or money and are classified as poor individuals will have low psychological well-being and have an impact on the individual's psychological well-being. On the other hand, there are still poor families who remain happy in their lives. This article is hoped to be guidance in research related to poor families and psychological well-being.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of weight beared circuit training program for 12weeks on chronic disease risk factors and physical fitness of working men. The subjects for this study were fourteen working men who participated in this experiment voluntarily and didn`t have any disease. Statistical techniques for data analysis were paired t-test by SPSS 12.0. The 5% level of significance was utilized as the critical level for acceptance of hypotheses for the study. The following results were obtained from this study. Weight beared circuit training for 12weeks resulted in significant improvements on body weight, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, triglyceride, maximal oxygen consumption, body fat compositions. These results suggest that circuit training in working men decrease the chronic disease risk factors and improve the physical fitness.


With consistently increasing cost of energy and the increasing attention for reducing carbon, the need of less energy consumption solutions are inevitable. The reduction of Carbon footprint in the communication platforms has been identified as one of the main considerations in the future communication systems. This is due to the increasing participation by governments, lawmakers and regulators to encourage organisations and general public to use Carbon neutral or less Carbon consumption products. Research on energy efficient applications for mobile and stationary computer systems has been quite limited so far and only recently has started to be under focus. The current research paper focuses on developing a less energy consuming voice, video and text communication platform to reduce the overall carbon footprint in organisational level. The first step was to develop a VoIP application (Green Talk) from scratch and this would offer users all the basic communication features (text, audio, video) like other well known such as "Skype" and "Google Talk" offer. The developed application goes through a number of tests in an attempt to calculate its power consumption during text, voice and video communications. During the experiments, a specific procedure was followed in an attempt to ensure that the most accurate results would be gathered. A software tool, Joulemeter, is used to estimate the computer's power use but also the power impact of a specific application. Once the results for "Green Talk" are complete the end product is evaluated against publicly available communication platforms such as "Skype" and "Google Talk" to validate the energy consumption and carbon usage. Based on the gathered results, when "Green Talk" is configured to provide the same quality of audio and video communications as the other two applications, it's power consumption proves to be significantly lower. The difference might seem to be insignificant for a single computer but if this is scaled ATINER CONFERENCE PAPER SERIES No: CΟΜ2013-0787 6 up to the million users of "Skype" and "Google Talk" worldwide, the energy savings and the smaller carbon footprint of "Green Talk" are by no means negligible.


News headline is the main part that will be able to attract reader to read the entire content of the news. However, there are some news headline are written by using words whose meaning is not clear. This will cause the information that they want to delivered to the reader can not be conveyed accurately and effectively. Because of that, research about news headline is done based on two objectives. The aims of this study is to identify single words that have an implicit meaning in the news headline of Utusan Malaysia newspaper and analyze the implicit meaning that found in the news headline of Utusan Malaysia newspaper. The data were be collect from April 2, 2018 until May 31, 2018. Moreover, only news that are related to the issue of the 14th General Election (GE-14) were selected as data. In addition, this study was conducted by using a descriptive qualitative approach. The research method that will used in this study is the content analysis method. Next, the data will be analyzed by using Semiotic Theory which is introduced by Charles Williams Morris (1971). The result of the study have shown that there are 15 news headline consist of single words with implicit meaning. Each single words will be analyzed through two parts which is semantic and pragmatic. The results of this analysis have shown that this theory is able to unravel this implicit meaning based on the context of the news. Therefore, this study will be able to help the reader to understand the implicit meaning that found in the news headline.


In this work, we propose transmitter and receiver circuits for high‐speed, low‐swing duobinary signaling over active‐terminated chip‐to‐chip interconnect. In active‐termination scheme port impedance of transmitter and receiver is matched with characteristic impedance of the interconnect. Elimination of the passive terminators helps in reducing the transmitted signal level without degrading the 0signal detectability of the receiver. High‐speed current‐mode receiver and transmitter circuits are designed, so that the input port impedance of the receiver and the output port impedance of the transmitter are matched with characteristic impedance of the link. These Tx–Rx pair is used to validate the proposed active‐termination scheme. We also propose a duobinary precoder architecture suitable for high‐speed operation and a low‐power broadband equalizer topology for compensating the lossy long interconnect. The duobinary transmitter and receiver circuits are implemented in 1.8 V, 0.18 µm Digital CMOS technology. The designed high‐speed duobinary Tx/Rx circuits work up to 8 Gb/s speed while transmitting the data over 29.5 in. FR4 PCB trace for a targeted bit error rate (BER) of 10−15. The power consumed in the transmitter and receiver circuits is 42.9 mW at 8 Gb/s. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The purpose of this study is to analyze between the layout of Tang Long Palaces of Le Dynasty and the western style fortresses built by Nguyen Dynasty and . Especially in 1802, after the Emperor Gia Long Emperor of the Nguyen dynasty, there was a rapid change in the layout. Based on this point in time of Received (June 9, 2017), Review Result (June 23, 2017) Accepted (June 30, 2017), Published (September 30, 2017) Ph.D, Researcher, Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation, Namseoul Univ., 91 Daehak-ro, Seonghwan-eup, Sebuk-gu, Cheonan-si Chungcheongnam-do, KOREA. email: email@example.com (Corresponding Author) Assistant Professor, Department of Architectural Engineering, Namseoul Univ., 91 Daehak-ro, Seonghwan-eup, Sebuk-gu, Cheonan-si Chungcheongnam-do, KOREA. email: firstname.lastname@example.com (Co-Author) Assistant Prfessor, Department of Architecture, Inha Univ., 100 Inharo, Nam-gu Incheon 22212, KOREA, email: email@example.com * 이 논문은 2017년도 정부재원(미래창조과학부 여성과학기술인 R&D 경력복귀 지원사업)으로 한국연구재단과 한국여성과학기술인지원센터의 지원을 받아 연구되었습니다.(협약번호 : WISET-2017-045호) A Study on the Layout Characteristics of the Hanoi Citadel Copyright c 2017 HSST 346 'before' and 'after', and with the clue of the differences in the culture of the East and the West, I would like to analyze the duality of the Hanoi Citadel with the sub-theme of 'Government vs. Defense', 'Diagram vs Geometry', and 'Intrinsic Order vs. Form Order'. The coexistence of east-west culture is considered to be as important as the phenomenon of the city that the mixture of new and old leads to the characteristics of the city. The process of finding out the co-existing contradictions of the Eastern and Western layouts that existed at different times through the Hanoi Citadel would be an important clue and basis for revealing the character of Hanoi.


Although Moravians have traditionally been considered good record-keepers, substantial amounts of documents were destroyed during the decades between 1760 and 1810. When the Unity Archives was founded as the central archives for the worldwide Moravian Church in 1764, a group of specially appointed "revisers" sifted through the material and destroyed documents that did not fit the reinvented image of the Moravian Church of the post-Zinzendorf era. By controlling the content of their archives, Moravians tried to manipulate the historiography of their church. As this article will argue, the work of the Moravian archivist was not invisible; on the contrary, the archivist edited the surviving record.


A kind of filter with sand as the percolation medium for dust-removing were discussed and designed for isothermal experiment. Through the experiment by this fiter simulating the BF top gas sub-dedusting, the effect of the thickness of the fiter layer and the filtration gas velocity upon the dust-removing efficiency and the pressure loss was investigated. Based on the experimental results, the optimized thickness of the filter layer and the optimized velocity of filtration gas were confirmed.


In adult female rats, circulating sex hormone levels fluctuate significantly across the normal estrus cycle. The most abundant and neuroactive of these sex hormones is 17β‐estradiol (a form of estrogen). We previously demonstrated that 17β‐estradiol is necessary to permit development of respiratory neuroplasticity induced by acute intermittent hypoxia (AIH), called phrenic long‐term facilitation (pLTF). Female rats only develop pLTF during proestrus when circulating estrogen levels are high, and do not express plasticity during periods of low circulating 17β‐estradiol. Additionally, ovariectomy (OVX) abolishes neuroplasticity, but it can be restored with estrogen supplementation. As part of the natural aging process in female rats, estrous‐cycle related fluctuations in circulating 17β‐estradiol levels gradually cease. Rats settle into a state of persistent diestrus, with low levels of circulating estrogen, similar to human menopause. Accordingly, we hypothesized that a reduction in circulating estrogen, either through ovariectomy (OVX) or with natural aging, would eliminate the expression of pLTF. Four experimental groups of female rats were used to test this hypothesis: (1) aged (>22 months old), ovary‐intact, in persistent diestrus (min of 2, 5‐day cycles), (2) young (3 months old), ovary‐intact, in proestrus, (3) young, OVX (2wk post‐surgery), and (4) time controls (both young and aged). Phrenic neurophysiology was used to assess pLTF in anesthetized, ventilated, and vagotomized rats. Circulating estrogen levels were quantified using an ELISA assay for all groups. Contrary to our hypothesis, preliminary results indicate that aged female rats in persistent diestrus produce robust AIH‐induced pLTF (>250% increase in integrated phrenic amplitude 60min post‐AIH). Full results and mechanistic discussion will be presented.


Background: Prevalence of gestational diabetes (GD) varied between 1-14% around the world. Such variation in the prevalence of GD as well as no available information in Kermanshah encouraged us to design this study aimed to investigate about prevalence of GD and factors associated with this condition in Kermanshah. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive analytic study was designed. The study population was 1720 pregnant women referred to Kermanshah's primary health and treatment centers. All recorded information within their profiles including demographic data, last pregnancies, familial history, result of GCT and OGTT (if data were available) was collected. Data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate statistical methods (logistic regression). Results: Prevalence of GD cases was 3.43%. Diabetic mothers were more obese and older than non-diabetic mothers and greater proportion of such women had previous history of GD, still birth, familial history of diabetes, history of abortion, macrosomia and PCO. In multivariate analysis showed that age, obesity, familial history of diabetes, previous history of GD and abortion increased the risk of GD. Conclusion: The prevalence of GD in Kermanshah is comparable with other studies in Iran. Controlling related risk factors may reduce risk of GD.


This paper presents an ensemble forecasting method that shows strong results on the M4 Competition dataset by decreasing feature and model selection assumptions, termed DONUT (DO Not UTilize human assumptions). Our assumption reductions, consisting mainly of autogenerated features and a more diverse model pool for the ensemble, significantly outperforms the statistical-feature-based ensemble method FFORMA by Montero-Manso et al. (2020). Furthermore, we investigate feature extraction with a Long short-term memory Network (LSTM) Autoencoder and find that such features contain crucial information not captured by traditional statistical feature approaches. The ensemble weighting model uses both LSTM features and statistical features to combine the models accurately. Analysis of feature importance and interaction show a slight superiority for LSTM features over the statistical ones alone. Clustering analysis shows that different essential LSTM features are different from most statistical features and each other. We also find that increasing the solution space of the weighting model by augmenting the ensemble with new models is something the weighting model learns to use, explaining part of the accuracy gains. Lastly, we present a formal ex-post-facto analysis of optimal combination and selection for ensembles, quantifying differences through linear optimization on the M4 dataset. We also include a short proof that model combination is superior to model selection, a posteriori.


M edicaid (Title XIX of the Social Security Act) was designed to provide medical and dental care for children in low socioeconomic groups. Access to dental care for children covered by Medicaid, however, has not been entirely successful due to lack of participation by dental providers.1, 2 Low reimbursement rates have been reported by providers to be a major factor in Medicaid nonparticipation?, 3, 4 A survey (December 1992) among Connecticut dentists reported limited Medicaid participation among those treating children, with almost all the dentists scoring Medicaid fees as unacceptable. 5 A year later (January 1994), Medicaid fees in Connecticut were increased to 80% of usual and customary and reasonable rate. This follow-up survey was conducted 1 year after the fee increase (December 1994) to determine changes in access dental care for Medicaid-eligible children in private offices in Connecticut.


Abstract This paper deals with the lowest record values from the Exponentiated Inverted Weibull distribution. We establish exact expression for moments of lower record values and also derive the recurrence relations for single and product moments of the same. Then we estimate the location and scale parameters as well as obtain confidence intervals for location and scale parameters from location-scale Exponentiated Inverted Weibull distribution. We also worked on future lower record values. We discuss linear predictor and prediction interval for the future record values. Finally, with the help of real rainfall data, we presented all the methods discussed here.


Yenan College of Marxism-Leninism is "the first more formal school for studying Marxism-Leninism"set up by the CPC.By carefully examining the founder of Yanan College of Marxism-Leninism from the perspective of Marxism in China,you will find that its school policy,its curriculum,its teaching methods and its style of study directly reflecte this principle,which greatly promoted Marxism in China.Summing up its experience has an important reference for the promotion of the contemporary Marxism in China.


Abstract : Two commercially available media (nutrient agar and trypticase soy broth plus agar) induced sporulation of several yeast strains that sporulate with difficulty. In a comparison with the highly successful potassium acetate medium, the majority of 16 strains of Saccharomyces also sporulated. The two media appear useful because of their ease of preparation.


Many regions in Russia are not connected with the centralized electric system because of their remote geographic location. Therefore, Isolated Micro Grids (IMG) solutions were adopted in the past to generate and supply electric power to these areas. These IMG generally have used conventional power generators to supply both the electric as well as the thermal power. Recently, generators based on Renewable Energy Sources (RES) plants have been introduced in the Russian system, including the Russian IMG. However, the contribution that such power plants can provide is limited, if Energy Storage Systems (ESS) are not installed [1], [2]. This study aims to analyze the optimal energy storage capacity needed in a Russian IMG in which a large part of the energy demanded is generated by power plants based on RES [3]. Technical and economic aspects have been considered to find the optimal solution for a test case. A sensitivity analysis depicts how the optimal energy storage capacity depends on the typology of the customers.


When investing in derivatives portfolios (such as options), the delta-gamma approximation (DGA) is often used as a risk management strategy to reduce the risk associated with the underlying asset price. However, this approximation is accepted only for small changes of the underlying asset price. When these changes become large, the option prices estimated by the DGA may significantly differ from those of the market, depending mainly on the time-to-maturity, implied volatility, and moneyness. Hence, in practice, before the change of the underlying asset price becomes large, rebalancing operations are demanded to minimize the losses occurred due to the error introduced by the DGA. The frequency of rebalancing may be high when the rate at which the underlying asset price significantly changes. Nonetheless, frequent rebalancing may be unattainable, as there are associated transaction costs. Hence, there is a trade-off between the losses resulting from the inaccuracy inherent to the DGA and the transaction costs incurring from frequent hedging operations. In the present work, with the objective to increase the accuracy of estimating the option prices, we propose a modified version of the DGA that outperforms the original DGA. As another approach to increase the accuracy, we propose the locally weighted regression to regress the option prices. Finally, we compare the performance of these two methods to that of some other existing methods.


From practical view point,this paper analyses the application designs of Oil and Natural gas Pipeline Optical fibre Communication System,then introduces some problems in the demand of basic communicate serves,select of equipment and lay of optical cable.


Subjective evaluation of compressed image quality on computer displays was studied,in order to realize quality evaluation of compressed images on the Internet.The relative studies include: to set-up displays,to put forward assessment scales for static compressed images based on the standard of subjective assessment of quality for color TV pictures,and to collect color images and establish a database for subjective evaluation.As an example for testing above studies,by using a psychophysical method of pairwise comparison,subjective evaluation experiments on optimal compression ratio of JPEG and JPEG2000 were conducted on displays for the images,which were from JPEG and lossy JPEG2000 with seven compression ratios.Ten subjects took part in the experiments,and 280 color images for 20 scenes with different contents were used.The experimental results showed that optimal compression ratio range of JPEG is from 20∶1 to 25∶1,and optimal compression ratio range of JPEG2000 is from 25∶1 to 30∶1.The experiments indicated that the display set-up by human eyes can achieve consistency for subjective evaluation of image quality on displays.


The Department of Justice's long-awaited and much needed course-correction on FRAND-assured standard-essential patents Douglas H. Ginsburg (U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit; George Mason University – Antonin Scalia Law School, Faculty) Koren W. Wong-Ervin (Qualcomm Incorporated) Competition Policy International, Forthcoming https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3073635


Kathleen Marchaesi, a Communication & Media Technologies M.S. degree candidate, will present her thesis research, "The Mainstream Press: Then and Now. Has the prominence of sensational news changed in 100 years?" on Monday, 18 December at 11:00 a.m., in the Alumni Room of the SAU. Kathy's research explores the levels of sensational news reporting in three distinct periods of journalism history by examining the largest mainstream newspaper in America, The New York Times, during the yellow journalism (1895-1904), jazz journalism (1920-1929) and modern eras (1995-2004).


In this article, slot-PM-assisted consequent-pole-PM machine (SPMA-CPMM) is proposed. The key is that the consequent-pole ferrite PMs are employed in the stator yoke to reduce the PM material cost largely, while a small amount of tangential magnetized rare-earth PMs is placed in the slot opening to improve the torque production. This proposed hybrid magnet design can greatly enhance the PM utilization ratio and reduce the PM cost while maintaining a relatively large torque density. In this article, the configurations of ferrite-PM machine (FPMM), consequent-pole ferrite-PM machine (CFPMM), and SPMA-CPMM are illustrated, while equivalent magnetic circuits (EMCs) of them are compared. Then, the electromagnetic performances of three machines are investigated and compared, which verifies the validity of the proposed machine.


This paper describes a mechanism for secondary storage garbage collection that may be used to reclaim inaccessible resources in decentralized persistent object based systems. Schemes for object addressing and object identiication are discussed and a proposal is made which handles volatile objects separately from persistent objects. The garbage collection of the space of volatile objects is decoupled from the garbage collection of the space of persistent objects. The rst kind of garbage collection can avoid the complexity and overhead of a distributed algorithm by classifying \exported" objects as persistent. The problem of detecting and collecting \distributed garbage" is then deferred to garbage collection of persistent objects.


Provided is a high-performance polyethylene double-wall corrugated pipe. The high-performance polyethylene double-wall corrugated pipe comprises a smooth polyethylene pipe basal body and a polyethylene corrugated pipe layer attached to the outer surface of the pipe basal body. A plurality of discontinuous reinforcing ribs are arranged at the axial trough positions of the corrugated pipe layer. By means of the structural design of the reinforcing ribs of a forming module of the polyethylene double-wall corrugated pipe, the reinforcing ribs are distributed symmetrically and discontinuously along the troughs in the axial direction of the pipe with one mould as a distribution cycle. Through improvement on the structural design of the reinforcing ribs, inner stress generated in the extrusion molding process of the polyethylene double-wall corrugated pipe can be eliminated, so that the ring stiffness, ring flexibility and impact performance of the pipe are improved.


ABSTRACT This study examines the effect of public (Ogun State Agricultural Development Programme (OGADEP)) and private (Diocesan Agricultural Development Programme (DADP)) extension services on the adoption of promoted cassava-based technologies in Ogun State, Nigeria. While OGADEP bases its services on the training and visit system of extension, with the basic aim of disseminating technical information to farmers, DADP employs integrated extension services, in which extension services are complemented by input and loan/credit support. Information on the effect of both organisations' services on the adoption of cassava-based technologies was obtained from 160 cassava farmers, who were selected from the domains of both organisations through a multistage random sampling technique. These farmers' adoption of promoted cassava-based technologies was influenced by such factors as accessibility to the extension delivery methods and characteristics of the extension components. While agro-input support services and credit/loan grants were significant factors influencing the DADP farmers' adoption of the cassava technologies, the lack of these services and grants hindered the OGADEP farmers' timely accessibility to the necessary agro-inputs and, ultimately, their level of production. Adoption of the promoted technologies impacted the cultivation of improved cassava varieties, cropping patterns, and crop yield. A significant correlation exists between accessibility to extension service delivery methods and farmers' adoption of the technologies, as well as between the characteristics of the technologies and their adoption. The chi-square test reveals a significant relationship between the effect of the two agencies' extension systems and farmers' adoption of the promoted technologies. It is recommended that OGADEP input and credit-supporting agencies reduce or eliminate the bureaucracies involved in their input and credit/loan support services and that DADP intensify its established input and loan/credit support services to farmers.


We present HapFACS (ver. beta), a new open source software and API for generating FACS-based facial expressions on 3D virtual characters that have accompanying lip-synchronized animation abilities. HapFACS has two main usage scenarios: First, with the HapFACS software, users can generate repertoires of realistic FACS-validated facial expressions, either as static images or as videos, Second, with the accessible HapFACS API, users can animate speaking virtual characters with real-time realistic facial expressions, and embed these expressive characters in their own application(s) without any prior experience in computer graphics and modeling. We describe how HapFACS (1) provides control over 49 FACS Action Units at all levels of intensity, (2) enables the animation of faces with a single AU or a composition of AUs, activated unilaterally or bilaterally, and (3) can be applied to any supported character in the underlying 3D-character system1. Finally, we provide details of evaluation experiments we conducted with FACS-certified scorers to validate the facial expressions generated by HapFACS.


The 21st century individual should be able to access information and critically evaluate and interpret it. What creates this obligation is the information bombing and political and commercial perception management brought about by virtual networks, the media and globalization. Therefore, critical thinking and its sub-component, critical reading, are becoming more and more important because they are the assistants of the individual who has to distinguish right from wrong and the truth from propaganda in life and texts. The aim of this study is to reveal the effect of performing reading activities with critical reading questions developed by the researchers on critical thinking and reading skills, and to pave the way for further research in this area. Study sample consisted of 232 students of Ağrı Ibrahim Çeçen University in the academic year of 2016-2017. Participants were recruited using random sampling technique. This was a mixed design study. The qualitative dimension of the study was based on a screening model. Data were collected using document review and interview methods, and were analyzed using content analysis. The quantitative dimension of the study was based on a quasi-experimental model. Data were collected using a Critical Thinking Self-Evaluation Form and a Critical Reading Scale (pre-test-post-test) before and after a 7-week application. Data were analyzed using a statistical software package. T-test and ANOVA were used for analysis. Results show that reading activities with critical reading questions have a statistically significant effect on students' critical thinking and reading skills. Qualitative data also support these results.


Recall that a pseudofree group action on a space is one whose singular set consists only of isolated points. In this paper, we classify all of the finite groups which admit pseudofree actions on S 2 × S 2. The groups are exactly those which admit orthogonal pseudofree actions on S 2 ×S 2 ⊂ R 3 ×R 3 , and they are explicitly listed. This paper can be viewed as a companion to a paper of Edmonds [6], which uniformly treats the case in which the second betti number of M is at least three.


Abstract Fluorapatite Ca5F(PO4)3 can be synthesized by melting of CaF2 together with Ca3(PO4)2 at 1660 °C in the molar ratio CaF2 · 3 Ca3(PO4)2. Fluorapatite is more resistant against acids than hydroxylapatite Ca5OH(PO4)2 and can activate the remineralisation in dental enamel. The apatite of dental enamel is more resistant against mechanical stress than synthetic apatite due to a different microstructure of the crystal grains.


Background It has been claimed that around 70% of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) can be cured. One of the important role is high dose methotrexate (HDMTX) administration during the consolidation therapy. Objective To determine the safety and effectiveness of HDMTX in children with ALL. Methods We reviewed patients with ALL in Pantai Indah Kapuk Hospital, Jakarta during the period August 2000 through July 2005 with observation time run through September 2006. Only patients with normal kidney function were allowed to have HDMTX. Besides good hydration and alkalinization, patients were supported with good hygiene (mouth, skin and anal area). MTX was given in loading dose of 10% from the total dose in ½ hour and the rest 23½ hours for 90%. Leucovorin rescue was started 12 hours after discontinuation of 24 hour MTX IV infusion. Leucovorin was given until the MTX concentration reached 0.1 uM/L. Patients were stratified to low, intermediate and high risk groups; 2 gram/m 2 was given to low risk group and 5 gram/m2 to intermediate and high risk groups. Results There were 20 patients eligible for study. All methotrexate steady-state plasma concentrations (MTX Cp ss ) were above 16 uM/ L, and steady state concentration in CSF was always below 0.5 uM/ L for 2 gram/m 2 and above 0.5 uM/L for 5 gram/m 2 doses. All 20 cases went through the procedure with only mild side effects i. e, mild mucositis, anal furuncle and diarrhea, which recovered 2 weeks later. Only 1 high risk case with initial WBC 612X10 9 /L, succumbed after he went through the HDMTX program smoothly and relapsed subsequently during reinduction phase. Conclusion HDMTX can be given safely to ALL patients with normal kidney function with good supportive care. Five gram/m 2 HDMTX effectively treat the minor disease and/or prevent CNS and testicular leukemia. This study has also given an impression that HDMTX may increase event-free survival.