In this paper, some new unique common fixed point results for an infinite family of self-mappings satisfying phi-contractive condition or psi-varphi-contractive condition on complete 2-metric spaces are obtained, in which the mappings satisfy some contractive condition determined by semi-continuous functions, but do not satisfy continuity and commutation. The main results generalize and improve many well-known and corresponding conclusions.


Peanut milk is a type of imitation milk derived from peanuts and it is known to be lactose-free and nutritious therefore it is suitable for lactose-intolerance people. The aim of the study is to produce peanut milk, use Aframonum danielli (A. danielli) as natural preservative and Carboxyl methylcellulose (CMC) as a stabilizer. Also to determine the effect of A. danielli at different concentrations on the physical, chemical and microbial profiles of peanut milk stored for two weeks. This study is necessary because there are no reports in literature on the effects of A.danielli and CMC on the physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics of peanut milk. Peanut milk was produced from peanuts and flavored with A. danielli extract at different concentrations (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0%). pH, titratable acidity, protein, fats, ash, moisture content, total viable count and coliform count were determined. A storage study was carried out for two weeks at room temperature and refrigeration temperature. Sensory evaluation was conducted using the 9 point hedonic scale of which 9 represents like extremely and 1 represents dislike extremely. There was a general decrease in the pH of the peanut milk samples as compared to the control sample on day 1 and an increase on day 14. On day 1, there was a general decrease in the % fat content of all the samples when compared with the control sample. The sample with 2% A. danielli had the highest fat reduction rate. On day 14, there was further decrease in the % fat content of all the samples except the 1.5% and 2% A. danielli samples which showed a slight increase. However, the 2% sample with A. danielli still had the lowest % fat content. The pattern of decrease in the % protein content on day 1 and day 14 were similar. The % moisture content of all the samples varied for day 1 and day 14. The % ash content of all the samples decreased on day 1 and increased by day 14. On day 14, the control sample had the highest total viable counts. Also on day 14, all the samples had no coliforms. The sensory evaluation test revealed that, the peanut milk sample containing 2% A. danielli had the most acceptable sensory parameters.


ABSTRACT Volatile compounds in fresh and dried eels were investigated. Electronic nose (E-nose), headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS–SPME–GC–MS), and relative odor activity value (ROAV) were applied to distinguish odors between fresh and dried eels. Results showed that E-nose could effectively distinguish the aroma among fresh eels, eels dried under 35°C and 12°C, and different drying methods had a significant influence on nitrogen oxides and methane in volatile compounds of dried eels. Total 37 and 28 volatile compounds detected in dried and fresh eel, respectively, were remarkably different. Relative odor activity values (ROAV) identified hexanal, nonanal, benzaldehyde, octanal, and 1-octen-3-ol as key flavor compounds in both fresh and dried eels. However, a serial of compounds, including 2-ethylfuran, 2,3-octanedione, (E, Z)-2,6-nonadienal, D-limonene, and 2-Zn-pentylfuran, added the sweet and meaty flavor of dried eel and neutralized the original strong grassy and fishy taste of fresh eel, primarily led to the difference in their odors.


The demonstration of laser operation' of chromium-doped forsterite (Cr:Mg,SiO,) has led to interest in other Cr4+-doped crystals suitable for laser operation in the 1.2-1.6 p m wavelength region. In our research, we have focused on crystals of olivine structure analog to forsterite since these crystals are among the few materials that exhibit strong Cr4+ luminescence. In this paper, we report on the laser characteristics of Cr:Ca,GeO,' in pulsed and quasi-cw modes of operation. The Cr4+:Ca,Ge04 crystals used in these experiments were grown at the New York Center for Advanced Technology, the Institute for Ultrafast Spectroscopy and Lasers, and Photonic Centers at the City College of New York. The crystals used in our investigations had a concentration of 0.5 wt% Cr20, in the melt. The absorption depth of the crystals was -2 mm at 1.064 pm. The room temperature fluorescence lifetime of Cr4+ in the crystals was 5 ps, which, when compared with emission lifetime of lightly doped material (15ps), indicates the presence of concentration quenching of the Cr4+ emission. Two crystals were used in these investigations, one of 2-mm thickness and the other 3-mm thick. Both crystals were cut at Brewsters angle and polished to minimize insertion loss. In our pulsed Cr4+:Ca2Ge04 laser investigations the pump source was a Q-switched, multimode NdYAG laser with a repetition rate of 10 Hz. The resonator consisted of two 30-cm radius of curvature mirrors coated for the 1340-1500-nm spectral region separated by 30 cm. The 3-mm-long Cr4+:Ca,Ge04 crystal was positioned at the center of the cavity. A maximum pump pulse energy of 65 mJ was measured in a 2-ns pulse width. By use of a 1-m focal length lens to focus the pump beam, a spot size of 2 mm was generated inside the gain medium. The laser output energy as a function of pump energy for the Cr4+:CazGe0, laser operating with 2 and 10% output coupling are shown in Fig. 1. The lowest measured threshold absorbed pump pulse energy for laser operation using the 2% output coupler was 6 mJ. Employing the 10% output coupler yielded a maximum output pulse energy of 2.3 mJ for an absorbed pump pulse energy of 57 mJ. The laser was operated at the peak of the laser gain at a wavelength of 1.38 Pm. In our quasi-cw investigations the 2-mm Cr4+:Ca,Ge04 crystal was inserted at the focus of a three mirror cavity arrangement. The active region was pumped by a cw-modelocked Nd:YAG laser and no attempt was made to match the cavity length of the Cr4+:Ca,Ge04 laser resonator to that of the pump laser. A chopper was used to impose a 50% duty cycle 2.0 -


This chapter argues that those engaged in agriculture, whether practitioners, research scientists, extension agents, technology developers, or technology suppliers, they share an unexamined moral confidence about the goodness of their activity. The chapter also argues that the basis of that moral confidence is not obvious to those who have it or to those not involved in, but who may be curious about agriculture and its technology. In fact, the moral confidence that pervades agricultural practice is potentially harmful because it is unexamined by most of its practitioners. Regular debate about ethics and the applicability of moral theories to agriculture have not been part of intellectual discourse within agriculture. Discussion concludes that agricultural colleagues must accept the burden of beginning the difficult task of doing a discriminating cultural and moral analysis of agriculture and its results. One must strive for a careful analysis of what it is about agriculture and society that thwarts or limits aspirations and needs modification. To preserve what is best about modern agriculture, and to identify and oppose the abuses that modern technology has wrought on land, people, and other creatures, and finally begin to correct them will require many lifetimes of work. Agriculturalists must try to see agriculture in its many guises—productive, scientific, environmental, economic, social, political, and moral. It is no longer sufficient to justify all agricultural activities on the basis of increased production. Other criteria, many with a clear ethical foundation, must be included.


This paper,through questionnaire and statistical analysis,discusses relationship between learner's native language writing ability and second language writing anxiety(here,English),the results of which indicating:(1)English majors experience second language writing anxiety,with sophomores get a higher level.(2)Significant difference shows among cognitive anxiety,somatic anxiety and avoidance behavior,with sophomores experience a higher level,and the cognitive anxiety is the highest.(3) Chinese writing scores varies according to learner's different level of second language writing anxiety.(4)The three subscales of second language anxiety are negatively correlated with learner's Chinese writing scores,with avoidance behavior significantly correlated.


The paper describes tests carried out on large scale reinforced concrete test units, with details modeling those encountered in sections of Los Angeles' I-10 Santa Monica Viaduct. Lap-splices of column longitudinal reinforcement and joint details including inadequate development of column reinforcement in the cap beam, and a total absence of special joint reinforcement, would be considered unacceptable in new designs. The purpose of the tests was to obtain verification of analytical predictions that, despite the poor detailing of the bents, could be expected to survive the design level earthquake without collapse. Test results confirmed that the lap splices should perform adequately under seismic attack, and the column/cap beam connections would maintain gravity load capacity after joint degradation.


The state of charge (SOC) is the residual capacity of a battery, which indicates the available charge left inside a battery to drive a vehicle. Accurate SOC estimation is of great significance for a lithium-ion battery to ensure its safe operation and to prevent it from over-charging or over-discharging. However, it is difficult to get an accurate value of SOC since it is an inner state of a battery cell, which cannot be directly measured. This paper presents an improved SOC estimation strategy for a lithium-ion battery using the back-propagation neural network (BPNN). Two algorithms, principal component analysis (PCA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO), are used to enhance the accuracy and robustness. PCA is utilized to select the most significant input features. The PSO algorithm is developed to determine the optimal value of hidden layer neurons and the learning rate since these parameters are the most critical factors in constructing an optimal BPNN model. The proposed model is tested and evaluated...


An integrated care pathway (ICP) is an outline of planned care for a specific patient group. It highlights usual practice that is evidence-based, from which variations occur as health-care professionals use their professional judgement. The objectives of the study were to identify the key elements within an ICP, to formulate a checklist utilizing the ICP key elements, and to evaluate ICPs available from the UK National electronic Library for Health (NeLH) against the checklist. An ICP key elements checklist was produced from a review of ICP literature. In all, 90% of the ICPs evaluated contained a plan of anticipated care along some form of timeline, including processes and outcomes. Also, 70% of the ICPs evaluated did not contain a variance-recording framework. In addition, 70% of the ICPs evaluated did not contain any evidence of evidence-based best practice. This study shows that there is wide variability in the quality of the ICPs being developed in the UK National Health Service (NHS), and that the development of ICPs in many health-care organizations is inadequate. Variability of the ICPs being developed will have a direct impact on the quality of patient care, and improvements in care and service delivery may not be identified, implemented or reviewed. It is recommended that a tool be produced, which would provide a standard framework for NHS staff to follow when developing ICPs.


Human rights are inherent rights for human being. It is independent from the influence of the law system and government.  One of those rights is the right of health. PT. Askes (Persero) is one of the companies which hold health insurance for civil servants (Pegawai Negeri Sipil/PNS). Based on legislation, civil servants must join this insurance. The problem is civil servants do not have information about their right and duty in health insurance contract. However, health institutions do not give their service well for civil servants. Keywords: human rights, health insurance, civil servants.


The aim of this research is to find out the positions of adverbs of manner. The source of the data is "Beautiful Boy" a novel by David Sheff. This research uses a qualitative method. The writer classifies the data concerning the positions of adverbs of manner (initial, mid and end positions). The results of the research show that adverbs of manner placed in mid position comprise 47.69% are in the first range. Adverbs of manner placed at end position comprise 43.07% are in the second range. Finally, adverbs of manner placed in initial positions comprise 9.23%. Key words: adverbs of manner, positions of adverbs of manner, novel


Although the term "peacekeeping" still remains prominent in conceptual and academic circles, its potency as an immediate post-con flict policy instrument has ceased. So too has the effectiveness of a broad multilateral approach to peacekeeping eroded over the years, only to be replaced by more focused efforts to promote regional peacekeeping and bolster the capacity of the regional organizations to undertake peacekeeping operations. While much literature exists on the limitations of conventional UN peacekeeping and the broader operational roles peacekeepers are now expected to take on, far less has been written on the wider security and development policy that operational mechanisms like peacekeeping are now expected to support in most overseas interventions. Understanding the nature of this support is important for appreciating the new time horizons, new partners and new programs to which today's "peacekeepers" contribute. Key to this understanding is also the way in which bilateral and multilateral institutional structures have adapted to the "security-development" agenda and have responded in a more unified and strategic way. This article examines the persisting chal lenges that affect the traditional understanding of peacekeeping and the role of today's international peacekeeping forces. Secondly, it investigates the way in which broader security and development policy has evolved over the past decade, and describes the institutional changes that have emerged within bilateral and multilateral organizations. Lastly, it explores the legal, bureaucratic, and administrative hurdles that continue to challenge the era of "joined-up" government. Conclusions question whether or not, in such a state of organizational incoherence, international peacekeeping can survive as an effective policy instrument.


Both the world-economy perspective in sociology and the world politics perspective in political science recognize the importance of examining the rise and fall of world powers, and generally agree on the main causal mechanisms responsible for the rise and fall process. However, there is much less convergence between these perspectives on the indicators used to measure the relative power of nation-states. Thus, although in agreement over theory, there is much less agreement on the identity and timing of hegemonies. This article attempts to overcome this impasse by creating a hegemony index to assess the power structure of the capitalist world-system. Though results support the world-economy view of three hegemons since the 16th century, findings also contradict this perspective and show that England is the most powerful nation during two successive hegemonic sequences. Conclusions highlight the possibility of hegemonic resuccession, while supplementary analysis provides evidence of U.S. resuccession since the 1980s.


The electric dipole transitions χ b J ( 1 P ) → γ ϒ ( 1 S ) with J = 0, 1, 2 and h b ( 1 P ) → γ η b ( 1 S ) are computed using the weak-coupling version of a low-energy effective field theory named potential non-relativistic QCD (pNRQCD). In order to improve convergence and thus give firm predictions for the studied reactions, the full static potential is incorporated into the leading order Hamiltonian; moreover, we must handle properly renormalon effects and re-summation of large logarithms. The precision we reach is k γ 3 / ( m v ) 2 × O ( v 2 ) , where kγ is the photon energy, m is the mass of the heavy quark and v its velocity. Our analysis separates those relativistic contributions that account for the electromagnetic interaction terms in the pNRQCD Lagrangian which are v2 suppressed and those that account for wave function corrections of relative order v2. Among the last ones, corrections from 1/m and 1/m2 potentials are computed, but not those coming from higher Fock states since they demand non-perturbative input and are Λ QCD 2 / ( m v ) 2 or Λ QCD 3 / ( m 3 v 4 ) suppressed, at least, in the strict weak coupling regime. These proceedings are based on the forthcoming publication [1].


We study the repetition of patches in self-affine tilings. In particular, we study the existence and non-existence of arithmetic progressions. We first show an arithmetic condition of the expansion map implies the non-existence of one-dimensional arithmetic progressions in self-affine tilings. Next, we show that the existence of full-rank infinite arithmetic progression, having pure point dynamical spectrum, and being limit periodic are all equivalent, for a certain class of self-affine tilings. We finish by giving a complete picture for the one-dimensional case.


The present study aims at establishing a technology for printing circuit wiring on papers using a low-temperature process. The electrical specifications and microstructural observations of the Ag inks printed on two types of commercial papers, normal and surface coated papers, were examined. When printing circuit wiring on papers, it is necessary to avoid deterioration of the papers (e.g., quality change and warpage) from heat required for curing. For most papers, heating around 150 °C for a short period is the upper limit as the curing temperature. For the Ag carboxylate ink, curing can be possible even at 100 °C for a few min. Comparing with normal papers, the surface coated papers provided the better electrical conductivity and the sound microstructual feature for the printed circuits.


Objective To study the relationship between the therapeutic window of opportunity for NGF following focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbits and the expression of cysteinyl aspiratespecific proteinase-3(Caspase-3)protein.Method Focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model in rabbit was induced.NGF was administered at 0.1,3 and 6h after repeffusion respectively.Infarct volume,neurological deficit score,apoptotic percentage,and expression of Caspase-3 were assessed at 72h after reperfusion.Results NGF reduced infarct volumes compared with saline control group by 50.1%.42.5% and 35.2% when administered NGF at 0,1 and 3h after reperfusion.The percentage of apoptotic cell and expression of Caspase-3 in the perifocal regions were significantly lower than that in control group when administered NGF within 3h after reperfusion(P<0.01).There was no difference when administered NGF at 6h after reperfusion(P<0.05).Infarct volumes were correlated significantly with expression of Caspase-3 in the perifocal regions(P<0.01).Conclusions The effect of NGF on the expression of Caspase-3 in perifocal regions is related with the therapeutic time window.NGF-induced neuroprotective effect may be involved in reducing the expression of Caspase-3 protein.

Key words:
Nerve growth factor; Ischemia reperfusion injury; Caspase-3; Time window


A systematic study of the enhanced concentration of hydrogen in the near surface layer of silicon deposited from silane by plasma induced chemical vapor deposition is presented as a function of temperature and ion bombardment of the surface during growth. The passivation effect of the chemisorbed hydrogen towards oxidation of the surface is documented, and a possible explanation is suggested in terms of a donatorlike effect of that hydrogen to underlying silicon. It is shown that the rate limiting step in the composite reaction mechanism of the deposition of high‐quality silicon films is the ion bombardment induced dehydrogenation of the surface of the growing film. A critical value of substrate bias of −100 eV with respect to the floating potential at which radiation induced damage of the growing film commences is found experimentally. The corresponding ion impact energy agrees very well with Monte Carlo calculations using the TRIM code.


Abstract During the last 30 years, on several of its package designs, TN International has performed tests and analyses to simulate extremely severe accidents – including long duration fire tests; deep immersion tests; burials in a soft ground and aircraft crash tests – on packages for used fuel, high level vitrified waste, PuO2 powder, and fresh MOX fuel. The current paper reviews the tests and analyses performed, the results of which a) show that the TN International designs can withstand extremely severe conditions, b) demonstrate that there is no 'cliff effect', i.e. should a failure occur, it appears gradually; and b) explain how compliance with all of the regulatory requirements leads to high performance regarding each of them.


ABSTRACT ZnO-doped Mg2TiO4–MgTiO3–CaTiO3 microwave dielectric ceramics were successfully prepared by the reaction sintering route. The compact samples consisted of MgTiO3, Mg2TiO4 and CaTiO3, which was confirmed by X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive spectra. ZnO efficiently lowered the sintering temperature and promoted the densification, as well as the improvements in the dielectric constant and the quality factor. At the level of ZnO = 1 wt-%, the ceramics exhibited optimum microwave dielectric properties: a dielectric constant of 20.3, a high quality factor of 64,740 GHz (at 9.9 GHz) and a near-zero temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (–1.3 ppm/oC) after sintering at 1320oC for 4 h.


The algebraic normal form fast transfermations(ANFFTs) and computing methods are proposed by using the properties of Boolean Function's algebraic normal form,which has the smallest memory and higher efficiency.Under the previous assumption,two efficient algorithms for computing the annihilators of Boolean functions are presented.The first algorithm can be used to find the algebraic immunity of Boolean functions on n-variables and the algebraic normal form of the annihilators with the lowest algebraic degree.The second algorithm can be used to compute the algebraic immunity of a balanced Boolean functions on n-variables and its annihilators which have the algebraic degree≤d.Compared with the algorithms for computing the annihilators by solving linear congruential equations,these methods are highly operable and can be used to assess more effectively the resistance of Boolean functions against algebraic attacks.


4 A study was carried out to determine the prevalence and intensity of intestinal parasite infections 5 and its associated risk factors among school-aged children in Abua/Odual Local Government 6 Area, Rivers State between May-August 2015. Standard parasitological procedures as 7 recommended by World Health Organization were employed in sample collection and 8 examination. Out of a total of 434 stool samples examined, 306 (70.51%) were infected with a 9 mean intensity of 571.38±131.25 epg. The males showed a higher prevalence of intestinal 10 parasite infections (72.03%) than the females (68.69). However, this is not statistically 11 significant (p>0.05). Age distribution of the prevalence of infection did not show a definite 12 pattern but infection rate was highest among the students aged 5-8 years (75.19%) and least 13 among the students aged 13 years and above (60.5%) with a mean intensity of 340 ± 160.96 epg. 14 This observed difference in prevalence by age was not statistically significant (p>0.05). T. 15 trichiura was the most prevalent parasite amongst the student (52.30%) while A.lumbricoides 16 showed the least prevalence (19.81%). Occupational prevalence showed that children whose 17 parents were motorcyclist rider had highest infection rate (79.4%) while children whose parents 18 were civil servants showed least prevalence (47.1%) and intensity 453.51±137.41 epg. Study 19 also revealed that students who defecate in nearby bushes and backyards had the highest 20 prevalence (79.83%) followed by those that use pit latrine The present investigation has shown 21 that intestinal helminthiasis remains a public health problem in Nigeria. Regular environmental 22 sanitation and health education to encourage school-aged children to adopt behavioral change is 23 advocated. 24


The invention relates to a television signal transmission access method and system, based on passive optical network. Wherein, it comprises a central terminal and a user terminal; the central terminal comprises signal source processing and sending device and a stat complex device; the user terminal comprises a user terminal set-top box and user interface; the radio input, signal source processing and sending device, stat complex device, passive optical network, user terminal set-top box, and user interface device are serially connected, to utilize the point-to-multipoint topology structure at the descending direction of passive optical network to broadcast the television signal, and the multipoint-to-point topology structure at the ascending direction of passive optical network realize the program switch of television signal, and allows user to access network via the set-top box. The invention combines the broadcast television technique and wideband network technique.


Companies generally have a specific purpose for the sustainability of the company. Corporate social responsibility and the company disclosed that the activities relating to the environment can give a positive response from the community that will impact on the company's financial performance. The purpose of this research was to examine the influence of corporate social responsibility and environmental performance of the financial performance of companies listed on the Indonesian stock exchange with period between 2010 until 2014. The financial performance is measured by return on assets (ROA). The sample population in this research are companies listed on the stock exchanges of Indonesia and follow the PROPER assessment of the Ministry of Environment. Data analysis techniques used in this research is multiple regression analysis. The results showed that corporate social responsibility has a significant influence on the financial performance of the company and the environmental performance does not significantly influence the company's financial performance.
Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Environmental Performance,
Financial Performance, Return On Asset


One year after the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), referrals for persistent headache, often defined as "post‐COVID headache," have become increasingly common in outpatient headache clinics. However, it is important to take into consideration that this term may include a spectrum of clinically different headache types. We describe three cases of migraine‐like headaches in individuals with a history of mild COVID‐19 infection to demonstrate some of the different phenotypes of persistent headaches seen. These cases highlight the importance of a careful evaluation when assessing the complexities of "post‐COVID headache" as well as the need to further investigate the different, underlying, pathophysiological mechanisms.


Registration barriers have been under sustained assault since the Ken- nedy Administration, yet participation in elections continues to decline. By the 1980s turnout in presidential and congressional elections was below what it was in 1960. The demographic correlates of participation-age, education and roots within the community-have also grown stronger, predicting to an increased turnout. Registration procedures are important and substantial changes in such practices are recommended. Without the reforms of the last generation, it is probable that turnout would have decreased even more substantially. However, the principal barriers to full participation are the quality and content of contemporary American politics. Non-participation is a threat to democratic government, yet the disintegration of the center in politics, the failure to exercise leadership or to offer relevant candidacies and policy alternatives, the weakening of the political parties, the unresponsiveness of political institutions, the trivialization of politics through the media have all contributed to public cynicism and disinterest. The need is to find new and more responsive alternatives for public involvement in governance. Copyright 1990 by The Policy Studies Organization.


The investigation of entrepreneurs' time preference is of great political and scientific interest. There are various experimental methods to detect the time preference measured in discount rates. We compare two approaches in application on German farmers. Our results reveal that both methods lead to different discount rates for the farmers taking part in the experiment. Moreover, there is a partial declining discount rate when using higher amounts of money, and we found sensitivities regarding the illustration of the discount rate within the experimental task.


We have studied the influence of conduction band–valence band coupling on the polarization of gain in quantum well (QW) lasers. As a reference we used the eight-band k∙p description of the gain polarization. Our eight-band k∙p model accounts for the crystal orientation, lack of inversion symmetry, strain induced deformation potentials, and piezoelectricity. We have studied both strained and unstrained (001) and (111) QWs. The results are compared with the transition dipole model of the gain polarization [M. Asada et al., IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 20, 745 (1984)], which is based on a phenomenological generalization of Kane's [J. Phys. Chem. Solids 1, 249 (1957)] linear k∙p model of bulk crystals. We found a quantitative difference between our multiband model and the transition dipole model of Asada et al. The difference is addressed to lack of orthogonality between the transition dipole and the electron wave vectors. The orthogonality is broken outside the Γ point by both the QW heterostructure geometry an...


Numerous civil society organisations as well as the National Children's Rights Committee (NCRC) and UNICEF supported South Africa's post-apartheid government to institutionalise children's rights as a fundamental pillar of the new democracy. Towards this end, in 1995 the government ratified the UN Convention on the Rights of Child (1989) (the CRC). Drawing on this international standard, children's rights was enshrined in Section 28 of the SA Constitution (1996). Further to cover the particular vulnerabilities of African children, the government also ratified the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (the ACRWC) in 2000. Collectively these instruments seek to ensure that children have a range of integrated political, civil, cultural and socio-economic rights. In addition to the general human rights to equality, a basic education and the right to dignity, children have additional socio-economic rights, including the right to family and parental care, or to appropriate alternative care when removed from their family setting; to basic nutrition, shelter, health care, social services and to be protected from maltreatment, neglect, abuse and degradation. By ratifying the international children's rights instruments and through its national constitutional provisions for children's rights, the SA government accepted an obligation to put in place mechanisms to realise these rights. However, the nation made these laudable commitments within a context of the huge resource and capacity challenges required for their implementation.


The wastewater treatment for repulped papermaking plants using chitosan and its compasite chitosan as biosorbents is studied. The effects of pH value, chitosan dosage, stiring speed and resting time on COD removal rate are investigated to obtain the optimal experimental conditions, i.e., pH value range of wastewater:6.5~6.7, stiring speed:120?rpm, resting time:12?hr and chitosan dosage:0.4?g/L. Under the conditions the COD removal rate of wastewater can be over 66%. The results show that the chitosan is obviously superior to the non-organic flocculant Al_2(SO_4)_3 in biosorption process. Moreover, the chitosan can be used further by combining it with Al_2(SO_4)_3 in a certain proportion to form a new composite purificant or biosorbent to wastewater treatment for repulped papermaking plants, by which the COD removal rate can be up to 83% even more. It will not only improve the COD removal rate but avoid secondary pollution, with better environment protection effect available.


Transfusions in pediatric Intensive Care Units are procedures of common occurrence. The religious beliefs of the parents and sometimes of the same minor patients limit their realization even at the risk of not performing them for life, following the dictates of spiritual leaders and away from the councils of the science. The article evaluates the medical responsibility in the realization or not of the procedure, in its action under the perspective of the revised jurisprudence of the last ten years. It is concluded in the light of the literature review and jurisprudence related to the subject, that the possibility of refusing to perform a blood transfusion in an able individual (for example an adult) for religious reasons, even though Compromise the right to life is easier than in minors, where the responsible State and parents have a greater interference in such determination and the fundamental right to life premium over the right to freedom of worship, Last to perform the necessary procedures to preserve existence even in spite of the creed that is professed.


Objective: To determine the frequency of teenage pregnancy and its associated maternal and perinatal outcome in a community based hospital. Design & Duration: Prospective cross sectional study carried out from January to October 2006. Setting: Dept. of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Fatima Hospital, Baqai Medical University, Karachi. Subjects: One hundred and fifty pregnant women. Methodology: The women were divided into two groups; Group-A comprised of 75 young females aged less than 19 years, while Group-B comprised of 75 women aged 20-30 years, which was used as a control. A comparison was done between the two groups regarding maternal and perinatal outcome. Observations were recorded using a predesigned research proforma. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS package for windows version 12.0. Results were compared using Chi-square test by keeping the p-value of <0.05 as significant. Results: The frequency of births amongst teenagers (Group-A) was 11.09%. Women belonging to Group-A had a lower gestational age at delivery than Group-B (36.81±3.21 vs. 37.32±1.80 weeks) and a higher preterm delivery rate (17.3% vs. 5.3%, p-value 0.02). The incidence of anaemia (46.6% vs. 20%), urinary tract infection (40% vs. 20%, p-value 0.008), pre-eclampsia (16% vs. 1.6%, p-value 0.001) and intra-uterine growth retardation (5.3% vs. 0%, p-value 0.043) was more in Group-A as compared to Group-B. Caesarean section was the major route of delivery in Group-A (34.6% vs. 10.6%. More neonates in Group-A were low for birth weight (32% vs. 12%, p-value 0.003), and were prone to more morbidities in early neonatal life (20% vs. 4%, p-value 0.003) necessitating admission to the neonatal care unit. Conclusion: Teenage pregnancy is associated with increased risk to the mother like anemia, urinary tract infection, pregnancy induced hypertension and operative delivery. There are also increased risks of low birth weight, intra-uterine growth retardation, prematurity and admission to the neonatal intensive care units.


According to the construction cases for the consolidation of piles in water at Xindongjiang Bridge and Fugong Bridge of Zhangzhou,the paper indicates the application of the underwater reinforced concrete system,undertakes the treatment on the diseases on the reinforced concrete in water without the cofferdam,so as to improve the safety of bridges and solve the difficulties in the consolidation of the reinforced concrete in water.


Signifi cant proportion in the growth of livestock of pigs, production of meat in short and with the smallest expenses agricultural producers of small forms of management are capable to assume. In order to increase the number and profi tability of growing pigs the technological project of standard series of pig farms is developed for peasant (farmer) and personal subsidiary farms at continuous fl ow system of production of pork and two-phase technology of piglets rearing. The increase in the production of pork and decrease in its prime cost by development of the technological project of pig farms for small forms of management on 30–500 heads with the fi nished cycle of production has been studied. It is established that the quantity of pig stalls for the majority of the production groups of pigs has to be projected 2,2 times more than a number of pigs in the group.


Abstract : This booklet is a contribution to the Naval War Colleges celebration of the 125th anniversary of its founding on 6 October 1884. The booklet is designed to complement a special exhibit in the Naval War College Museum, which was made up of a selection of the portraits illustrated here. In addition, it is also meant as a step toward further scholarship on this subject in American naval history and American naval art. As Joost C. A. Schokkenbroek, a curator at the Nederlands Scheepvaart museum in Amsterdam, recently wrote, No encompassing study of the phenomenon of portraits of maritime celebrities has before been published.1


This project evaluated the safety effectiveness of "Vehicle Entering When Flashing" (VEWF) intersection conflict warning systems (ICWSs) at stop-controlled intersections. The North Carolina Department of Transportation has utilized this treatment, which consists of vehicle-actuated sign and flasher assemblies placed at or near the intersection to warn motorists on the major or minor road, or both, of vehicles entering the intersection. Although this countermeasure has been used for years in North Carolina, and similar ICWSs have been used in other states, there has been minimal safety evaluation to prove or validate the systems' effectiveness. This study evaluated four categories of VEWF systems. Sites were categorized on the basis of the direction of the alert and placement from the intersection. Crash modification factors (CMFs) were provided for all sites and each category, as well as exclusively for sites with two-lane at two-lane intersections. Empirical Bayes before-and-after techniques were used to overcome the regression to the mean threat. Deployments with major road alerts in advance of the intersection and a combination of both major and minor road alerts were determined to be most effective for two-lane at two-lane stop-controlled intersections with CMFs for total crashes of 0.68 and 0.75, respectively.


Abstract : A storage technique known as RAPTAP (Rapid Access Parallel Tape) was conceived at RADC in an effort to provide a storage medium which has both a greatly reduced access time to desired data and economy of operation. These objectives are satisfied by a RAPTAP innovation which results in the ability to simultaneously move all tape units under the control of a single tape control unit, and in the ability to move magnetic tape at rapid rewind tape speeds over sections of tape known not to contain desired data, rather than at the normal slower search speeds. The selection and retrieval of data from the RAPTAP Storage System is directly analogous to the selection of data from disc file systems. The RAPTAP technique is described in this report, and the economy of operation and the reduction of access time to desired data are considered in terms of the following modes of querying an ordered array of data: (1) random queries; (2) batched queries; and (3) independent groups of random queries, each group containing related subqueries. A new means of organizing the ordered arrays of data is described which provides for improved searches of the queries, described in (3) above, by capitalizing on a unique characteristic of the RAPTAP Sy tem. (Author)


The borders of immigration law are incredibly porous. Although immigration law, strictly defined, encompasses the rules that govern the terms of admission into and exclusion or expulsion from the country, immigration law is in fact inextricably intertwined with a whole host of other legal regimes. This includes obvious examples like naturalization and alienage laws, as well as labor law, criminal law and economic policy. But it also includes a host of less obvious candidates.


The two herpes simplex virus (HSV) serotypes, HSV-1 and H S V 2 , demonstrate different tissue tropisms in the human host. There is increasing evidence that the H S V serotypes may enter host cells differently, which may account, in part, for the different behaviours of these closely related viruses. Initial adsorption of H S V to the host cell is mediated by the interaction of viral glycoproteins with cell surface glycosaminoglycans such as heparan sulfate (HS) and chondroitin sulfate (CS). To investigate the contribution of various cell surface components in the infection pathway, we isolated a mutant cell line, sog9, which is unable to synthesize glycosaminoglycans (Banfield et al., 1995a). Although HSV-1 and H S V 2 infection of sog9 cells is diminished, the cells are still infected at about 0.5% efficiency, which suggests that these cells normally express at least one nonglycosaminoglycan receptor. Sog9 cells were used to test whether glycosaminoglycan analogs, such as dextran sulfate (DS), could functionally substitute for cellular glycosaminoglycans to initiate H S V infection. High-molecular-weight DS added either prior to or during inoculation stimulated HSV-1 but not H S V 2 infection by up to 35-fold. B y contrast, D S added after viral adsorption had no effect on infection efficiency. Moreover, DS stimulated HSV-1 infection at 4°C, indicating that this compound impinged on an early, energy-independent step in infection. Using radiolabeled virus, it was demonstrated that HSV-1 is more efficient than H S V 2 in adsorbing to DS immobilized on microtiter wells. This raised the possibility that only HSV-1 could engage additional receptors to initiate infection in the presence of DS . To determine which viral component(s) facilitated D S stimulation, a panel of intertypic recombinants and deletion mutant viruses was investigated. These assays showed that DS stimulation of infection is mediated primarily by glycoprotein B (gB-1) and that this interaction was mediated by a domain other than the heparin-binding region in gB-1. Taken together, these results provide direct evidence that a principle role for cell surface glycosaminoglycans in H S V infection is to provide an efficient matrix for virus adsorption. To investigate further the interactions of H S V with cell surface glycosaminoglycans, a novel cell line, s o g 9 E X T l , was used in this study. The


With the continuous development of power industry,the electricity consumption continues to increase,the Gird operation and management related to the contents of the significantly increased,a system of dispatching platform is developed.The system provides a way of electronic management scheduling,it is an ideal tool to achieve information sharing,coordination and scheduling for the paperless office.The daily work strength of scheduling and operating workers is reduced.Thus the corporate image and social benefits are greatly improved.


The increasing number of multisource pharmaceuticals has necessitated the need for continuous quality assessment of products available for atients' consumption. Promethazine is an anti-histamine used in cases of nausea, vomiting, motion sickness etc. The study was to examine the in vitro quality parameters for ten brands of promethazine hydrochloride tablets sold in retail pharmacies in Edo State, Nigeria. The parameters determined were identification, weight variation, friability, hardness, disintegration, dissolution rate and assay. All samples were evaluated for conformity with British Pharmacopoeia (BP) 2017 standards. Results obtained showed tablet weight ranging from 0.08 g ± 1.77 % to 0.255 g ± 3.557 %, hardness from 4.36 ± 0.58 to 8.33 ± 3.21 kg/cm2, friability of < 1 %, disintegration time of 2.47 ± 0.90 to 69.66 ± 7.23 min and assay of 61.32 ± 2.04 to 183.19 ± 0.11%. The ten batches but one released more than 80 % of their drug content within 30 min. Analysis of similarity factor revealed other samples but PR-7 can be interchangeable with PR-1 based on dissolution profile. The results showed that not all samples examined passed all the pharmacopoeia tests for satisfactory quality. Thus, they all cannot be used interchangeably in clinical practice.
Keywords: Promethazine; Quality Control; Dissolution; Pharmacopoeial specifications


A 26-year-old man was admitted to our clinic with approximately 8 years history of hearing loss on the right side. The pathological findings were not found in the neuro-otological examination. Severity sensorinoral hearing loss (SNHL) was determined on the pure tone audiometry. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) were shown that the lipomatous lesion involved right cochlea, semicircular canal and internal auditorium canal. Intralabyrinthine lipoma was diagnosed via fat suppression techniques with MRI on T1-weighted images. The patient followed with MRI because he had just SNHL and the lesion minimal involved internal auditory canal.


The problem of generating approximations to functions, specified by asymptotic expansions about one or more points, is considered. The development is limited to expansions of the power series type or expansions which assume a power series structure following a suitable transformation. Procedures are described for incorporating a variety of quantitative and qualitative information into rational fraction approximations, subject to the constraint that the approximants are, at the same time, asymptotically equivalent to the given expansions. These procedures are then illustrated by a set of five examples, taken from the literature of fluid mechanics, which either emphasize a particular guideline or are of some practical importance. In all cases the approximations presented are superior to those that have previously been published.


The present invention discloses a water leak water purifier, comprising a first inlet valve, filter, and an electrical leakage detection apparatus control system; the first intake valve provided in the inlet pipeline filter, the filter outlet communicates water the inlet side of the tap; the water leakage detecting means provided at a first inlet valve or outlet line of the inlet pipe; the electrical control system of the first inlet valve and the water leakage detecting means electrically coupled; said electrical control system is arranged including a signal can be detected by means of the leak detection process, and controlling the inlet valve opening and closing the first control module in accordance with the processing result. The present invention is provided with a water purifier by water leakage detection device for an electric control system and scientific criteria set leaking and normal operation, so as to effectively limit the extent of the spill and leak terminated, reasonable structure, the results are satisfactory.


StarLogo is a computer modeling tool that empowers students to understand the world through the design and creation of complex systems models. StarLogo enables students to program software creatures to interact with one another and their environment, and study the emergent patterns from these interactions. Building an easy‐to‐understand, yet powerful tool for students required a great deal of thought about the design of the programming language, environment, and its implementation. The salient features are StarLogo's great degree of transparency (the capability to see how a simulation is built), its support to let students create their own models (not just use models built by others), its efficient implementation (supporting simulations with thousands of independently executing creatures on desktop computers), and its flexible and simple user interface (which enables students to interact dynamically with their simulation during model testing and validation). The resulting platform provides a uniquely accessible tool that enables students to become full‐fledged practitioners of modeling. In addition, we describe the powerful insights and deep scientific understanding that students have developed through the use of StarLogo.


The main goal of the US Science Gateways Community Institute (SGCI) is to serve science gateways to achieve sustainability and growth. Science gateways allow science and engineering communities to access shared data, software, computing services, instruments, educational materials, and other resources specific to their disciplines. Thus, science gateways are a subgroup of scientific software and the means for addressing software sustainability are also suitable for science gateways and vice versa, e.g., best practices for software engineering. Since science gateways are tailored to specific communities, understanding users' requirements is critical for sustainability. SGCI consists of five service areas that closely interact with each other. The Incubator acknowledges the value of business strategy to inform well-designed science gateways and offers two main types of services: individualized consultancy, tailored to specific challenges a gateway faces, and the Science Gateways Bootcamp. The cornerstone of the Bootcamp is a one-week onsite intensive workshop where participants create their own roadmap for a sustainable science gateway via sessions with experts, hands-on exercises, and group work. This paper offers an overview of the work of the Incubator and shares lessons learned from the inaugural session of the Bootcamp in April 2017.


The literature provides various theories relating to the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and tax avoidance. If firms view both CSR activities and tax payments as paths toward contributing to society, CSR and tax avoidance activities exhibit a negative relationship. Conversely, the two activities exhibit a positive relationship if firms engage in CSR for the purpose of risk management. This study examines the effect of CSR on corporate tax avoidance using a matching approach. Three matching algorithms, namely nearest neighbor, radius, and kernel algorithms, are used to match the two groups of firms (CSR and non-CSR firms) in order to correct for sample selection bias. This study adopts Chinese listed firms during 2009–2016 as a research sample. Most empirical results show that CSR firms have higher book-tax differences and lower effective tax rates. This indicates that CSR firms are more aggressive in their tax avoidance. These findings imply that firms engage in CSR activities as a risk management strategy.


Memory reconsolidation is the process by which memories, destabilised at retrieval, require restabilisation to persist in the brain. It has been demonstrated that even old, well‐established memories require reconsolidation following retrieval; therefore, memory reconsolidation could potentially be exploited to disrupt, or even erase, aberrant memories that underlie psychiatric disorders, thereby providing a novel therapeutic target. Drug addiction is one such disorder; it is both chronic and relapsing, and one prominent risk factor for a relapse episode is the presentation of environmental cues that have previously been associated with drugs of abuse. This 'cue‐induced relapse' can be accounted for in psychological terms by reinforcing memories of the pavlovian association between the cue and the drug, which can thus influence behaviour through at least three psychologically and neurobiologically dissociable mechanisms: conditioned reinforcement, conditioned approach and conditioned motivation. As each of these psychological processes could contribute to the resumption of drug‐seeking following abstinence, it is important to develop treatments that can reduce drug‐seeking re‐established via influences on each or all of these pavlovian processes, in order to minimise the risk of a subsequent relapse. Investigation of the memory reconsolidation mechanisms of the memories underlying conditioned reinforcement, conditioned approach and conditioned motivation indicate that they depend upon different neurochemical systems, including the glutamatergic and adrenergic systems within limbic corticostriatal circuitry. We also discuss here the subsequent translation to the clinic of this preclinical work.


From Harriet Beecher Stowe to William Styron and Sharon Ewell Foster, from Kyle Baker to Nate Parker and others, American popular culture has found Nat Turner endlessly fascinating. The fascination of course extends to historians. Particularly in recent years, scholars have dug deeply into the local history of what came to be called "The Turner Rebellion." The result is a greatly enriched archive. Still, much of what is known of the event itself and of its eponymous leader-and hence the manner in which both event and leader are portrayed-remains dependent on Thomas Ruffin Gray's famous pamphlet The Confessions of Nat Turner. Naturally one must ask whether a hastily written twenty-page pamphlet rushed into print by an opportunistic white lawyer, down on his luck and hoping to cash in on Turner's notoriety, actually deserves to be treated as empirically reliable access to the mentalités of those engaged in executing an "insurrectory movement." Should the pamphlet survive that test, a second question immediately surfaces: precisely what is it that the pamphlet evidences, and how? This essay seeks an answer through consideration of a number of recent literary analyses of the genre of Gray's pamphlet and through application of the concept of genre to Turner's own words.


Objective To examine the cognition and evaluation on policy attribute of essential drug( ED) system among community elderly and to provide a basis for the improvement of ED system.Methods Using multistage stratified random sampling,435 residents aged 60 years and older were selected from communities in 5 cities of Shandong province and investigated with a questionnaire.The data were analyzed with SPSS 19.0.Results The knowledge rate of ED policy among the elderly was 31.3%,and the rate was 61.9% for the elderly with education of high school or higher and 59.0% for those with urban employee's basic medical insurance.There were significant differences in the knowledge rate of ED system among the elderly of different characteristics,with a higher rate among urban elderly than the rural elderly(44.8% vs.25.8%) and a higher rate(41.9%) among the elderly with the familial monthly income of 1 001-2 000 RMB Yuan than the elderly with the high or low familial monthly income(P 0.05).The score for price domain of natural policy attribute of ED system was low(2.77 ± 0.96),while for the social policy attribute of ED system,75.0% of the elderly considered the patients having the most benefit of the system.Although 64.0% of the elderly were satisfied with ED policy,25.6% and 14.7% of the elderly worried about the development of pharmacies and village clinics.The elderly considered insufficient list of ED,availability of ED in medical institutions,and the willingness of prescribing ED of the doctors as three key aspects needed to be improved for the ED system.Conclusion The community elderly have a good evaluation on social policy attribute of the ED system,suggesting the natural attribute of the ED system should be improved at present time.


ASTRA is broadly supportive of the implementation arrangements proposed in the ACMA discussion paper, and agrees with the ACMA that: the existence of multiple mandatory regulatory marks is inconsistent with the evolution in the communications and IT technical and commercial environment; the use of multiple marks has the effect of increasing unnecessary regulatory and compliance costs for industry; and the implementation of a consolidated compliance mark will lessen some industry administrative burdens by reducing the complexity of the compliance marking arrangements and consequently the time required by industry to comprehend and abide by those arrangements. ASTRA believes the proposed three-year transition period would appear to be sufficient lead-in time for equipment manufacturers and suppliers to incorporate the new arrangements. ASTRA also supports existing devices being retained on the market with current labels for the life of the device. ASTRA notes the involvement of its members in the supply of consumer equipment for the delivery of subscription television services, and welcomes future opportunities for active involvement with the ACMA in relation to consumer electronic equipment technical and policy issues.


New advanced photonic instrumentation previously developed for photonically controlled phased array antennas/radar work, is proposed for astronomical applications. The proposed adaptive optics approach is to use these remotely located photonic phase, time delay, and amplitude control modules for wavefront correction and optical beamforming for astronomical applications, particularly where fiber remoting can lead to larger observation apertures and/or signal processing gains. Scenarios using our photonic instrumentation such as solar wind sensing using radio frequency antenna arrays and fiber-linked optical telescope arrays are highlighted.


ABSTRACT: This study examined the relationship between neonates cardiopulmonary condition and relevant information from the perinatal period. Multiple regression analyses showed that a linear composite of mother's report of perinatal information accounted for a significant amount of the variability in three of the five APGAR components at one minute (i.e., Heart Rate, Respiratory Effort, and Reflex Irritability) and all five APGAR components at five minutes. The results were interpreted as lending support to the utility of structured maternal report of perinatal information. Perinatal risk factors refer to potential etiological events occurring during a period extending from the 12th week of gestation through the 28th day of the neonates life. Although modern medical technology has decreased the risks involved in giving birth, as many as eight percent of all live births result in perinatal complications (Behrman, 1981). Moreover, the children born under these high risk conditions have been shown to have an increased incidence of childhood developmental disorders (e.g., Commey & Fitzhardinge, 1979; Field, Dempsey, & Shuman, 1981; Hobel, 1985; Pfeiffer, Heffernan, & Pfeiffer, 1985). However, there is mounting evidence that the early recognition of perinatal difficulties and appropriate treatment may reduce the morbidity rate of cognitive and neurodevelopmental handicaps resulting from these complications (e.g., Cohen, Parmelee, Sigman, & Beckwith, 1982). With intervention available, the need for a reliable method of identifying high risk infants soon after birth seems clear (Gray, Dean, & Rattan, in press; Parmelee, Beckwith, Cohen, & Sigman, 1983; Shennan, Milligan, & Hoskins, 1985.) Although specialists in child development have recognized the potential impact of perinatal complications, when compared to the scope of the problem the research has been scant with rather small samples (Gray, et al, in press). Generally speaking, while the importance of information concerning the perinatal period is recognized, research and clinical application of such data has been impeded by the lack of reliable methods of collecting retrospective data. Hospital charts offer a rich source of perinatal information however, they are of questionable utility in a mobile society. Methodological concerns not withstanding, research which has examined the relationship between perinatal complications and childrens development have shown that infants born at risk are more likely to present with developmental deficits than children of unremarkable births. Along these lines, Field, Dempsey, & Shuman (1981) examined the cognitive, behavioral, temperamental, social, and language functioning, of 92 two-year old high risk children. All subjects had neonatal histories of either prematurity with respiratory distress syndrome, postterm delivery with postmaturity syndrome, and/or specific obstetric complications. The results of this investigation showed that when compared to a full term control group the high risk infants experienced significantly more developmental delays, hyperactivity, speech difficulties, and attentional deficits. While the subjects in this study were two-years old it is interesting to note that in other research the rate of cognitive, neurodevelopmental, and behavioral disorders in high risk infants was even greater by the age of four (Field, Dempsey, & Shuman, 1979; Pfeiffer, et al., 1985). Although it seems clear that complications in pregnancy, labor, and/ or delivery place the fetus and/or infant at risk (e.g., Butler & Goldstein, 1972; Caputo, Goldstein, & Taub, 1981; Field, et al., 1979,1981; Hobel, 1985; Kajanoja & Widholm, 1978; Low, Galbraith, Muir, Killen, Patar, & Karchmar, 1985; Niswander & Gordon, 1972; Saxton, 1978; Stott, 1973; Williamson, Murdina, & LaFevers, 1982), there does not appear to be a one-to-one relationship between such complications and long-term morbidity. …


We present a nearly perfect Pauli-limited critical field phase diagram for the anisotropic organic superconductor α -(ET) 2 NH 4 (SCN) 4 when the applied magnetic field is oriented parallel to the conducting layers. The critical fields ( H c 2 ) were found by use of penetration depth measurements. Because H c 2 is Pauli-limited, the size of the superconducting energy gap can be calculated. The role of spin-orbit scattering and many-body effects play a role in explaining our measurements.


Background/Aim: Periostin exists as an extracellular matrix protein in several carcinomas and is related to metastasis and poor prognosis. It is mainly secreted from cancer associated fibroblasts, and not from carcinoma cells. As a tumor microenvironment component, periostin usually mediates tumor cell stemness, metastasis, angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. This study aimed to examine the role of periostin in chondrosarcoma. Materials and Methods: To evaluate the effect of periostin on the proliferation of chondrosarcoma cells, MTT assay was performed on SW1353 cells and periostin knockdown SW1353 cells. Migration activity was examined using Boyden chamber. Results: Periostin, secreted from chondrosarcoma cells, was found to support proliferation, and maintain stemness and migration of chondrosarcoma cells. Periostin also induced proliferation and migration of lymphatic endothelial cells. Conclusion: Periostin plays an important role in chondrosarcoma development and disease progression.


This study aims to determine how much influence audit structure, independence and professionalism have on auditor performance at the Aceh Inspectorate. The population in this study were all auditors who worked at the Aceh Inspectorate Office, totaling 50 auditors. This study uses a non-probability sampling technique with the census method so that the entire population of 50 respondents is used as a sample. The data used is primary data through the distribution of questionnaires. The statistical test used multiple linear regression analysis with the help of SPSS version 26 application. The results showed that the coefficient of determination (R2) was only 50.3%. The results of this study indicate that there are many other variables that affect the performance of the auditor. However, of the three variables tested, the audit structure is the variable that has the most influence. The use of a qualified audit structure through the procedures and techniques applied by the auditors greatly affects the quality of the audits produced by the auditors so that their performance becomes better. In order for the research to be more meaningful, further researchers should examine other independent variables such as ethics, work performance, integrity, career development, work experience, years of service, knowledge, and credibility of an auditor.


The present invention relates to a power function device 16 and the conductive element circuit 18 is equipped with device 10, the device 10 is provided on substrate 12, substrate 12, power function device (16 ) to, and an intermediate electrical contact device to be mounted on a wiring to about a contact area for contacting the wiring layer 14, and conductive element 18 is connected to be conductive to the conductive element 18 on the wiring layer to provide the other side do. According to the invention the conductor element 18 is in contact with the intermediate electrical contact device (26) in the contact region on the side opposite to the zone wherein the electrical contact device is fixed to the wiring layer. The invention also relates to the corresponding manufacturing method of a circuit device.


So far, the transitivity of the global system has been analysed for late Quaternary (glacial, interClariy aim glacial and present-day) climate. Here, we extend this analysis to a warm, almost ice-free climate with a different configuration of continents. We use the Earth system model of the Max Planck 5 Institute for Meteorology to analyse the stability of the climate system under early Eocene and preindustrial conditions, respectively. We initialise the simulations by prescribing either dense forests or bare deserts on all continents. Starting with desert continents, an extended desert remains in Central Asia in the early Eocene climate. Starting with dense forest coverage, the Asian desert is much Updated major


This paper describes a method of handling the real-time simulation of electric power circuits by utilizing multi-rate sampling of the external input control signals for solid-state switches. With pulse-width modulation frequencies of 10 kilohertz and higher, sample frequencies of at least 1 megahertz are often required to realize sufficient accuracy in a real-time simulation of the overall circuit. The paper describes how the average value of the multi-rate input samples over each time-step h used in the numerical simulation of the circuit state equations can be employed in a way that permits the overall circuit simulation to be run on currently available general-purpose microprocessors. Real-time simulation of a simple boost-converter circuit is utilized to illustrate the proposed methodology. It is shown that the number of mathematical operations required for each integration step can be greatly reduced by pre-computing the coefficients in the numerical integration difference equations for each of the N possible multi-rate average switch-input values that can occur, where N is the multi-rate frame ratio. The paper also describes a method for compensating for the one-frame delay associated with the use of multi-rate input averaging.


Effector (300) for an industrial robot for moving a movable mounting parts of a vehicle body for performing a coating method of the effector (300) comprising a gripper (302) having a working axis (332) for gripping of a movable fixture and a sensor device for measuring a force, the sensor means comprising a measuring element (304) with a sensing element longitudinal axis (305), in which the work longitudinal axis (332) and the sensing element longitudinal axis (312) are arranged at an angle to each other to a first force component of the gripper (302) acting force and a second force component a to to measure the gripper (302) acting force and method for moving a movable mounting parts of a vehicle body for performing a coating method using such an effector (300), using the gripper (302) gripped an attachment and the gripped attachment is moved, and using the sensor means includes first K raftkomponente one to the gripper (302) acting force and / or a second force component of the gripper (302) acting force to be measured.


The invention discloses a memory allocation method and a memory allocation device. The method comprises the following steps of: requesting a memory space with a predetermined size from an operating system when a program is started; dividing the memory space into a plurality of memory blocks and dividing each memory block into a plurality of memory slots; saving the size of each memory slot and initial address messages of the unused memory slots; and when a process requests the memory, obtaining the memory slot which meets the predetermined condition according to the requested memory size and allocating the memory to the process. By using the method and the device, the frequency for applying to the operating system for the memory or releasing the memory can be reduced, the burden of the system can be reduced and the operating efficiency of the program can be increased with proper space redundancy.


The methodology used to implement a control mechanism within a multiple supplier/vendor environment is described. Some of the insights gained during the methodology development and initial analysis are presented. This method is shown to differ from other analyses in that its design goals include creating the ability to track costs over time and the ability to segment the results by vendor, equipment type or serving area. These goals are accomplished within the constraint of a common systems data source. Results indicate that to fulfill the objectives, a reliable data tracking system is necessary. The tracking system must be aligned with the company's business processes, and a catalyst agent, perhaps implemented with an overlay process, must be identified.<<ETX>>


The paper presents experiences with a hybrid buck L DC/DC converter, which is used for applications with wide voltage conversion ratios. This converter type also provide high efficiency. The circuit function and the design of a single-phase converter is described. Normally, the filter effort of this converter can be reduce by multiphase structures and interleaved switching. However, in this converter topology additional elements are necessary for symmetrize the phase currents. The design for single-phase and multiphase converter are analysed in detail. The extensive mathematical calculations, validated through simulations and experimental results obtained from a laboratory prototype, are presented for this purpose. Also, the efficiency measurements of a hybrid Buck L converter is shown.


The influence of bacterial and fungal enzyme supplements at 0.1 5 and 0.30% of barley based diets on the growth and nutrient utilization of female broiler chickens (Tegel strain) was studied in three experiments. All diets were based on Australian barley cultivars and were fed as mash. Body weight gain was improved by 12 to 25% and food consumption increased by 3 to 21% in supplemented treatments at 4 weeks of age. Diets based on the cultivars Clipper, Ketch and Noyep each grown at Coonalpyn, Port Pirie and Ardrossan in South Australia gave similar growth responses to enzyme supplementation. The metabolizable energy content of the diets was improved by 0.75 MJ kg-1 and 1.53 MJ kg-1 dry matter. An examination of the utilization of dietary nitrogen, soluble sugar, starch, pentosans and soluble â-glucan could not account for the improved metabolizable energy.


1. Tissue cultures of Hodgkin's lymph nodes stained with brilliant cresyl blue, vitally, and with Sellers' stain after fixation, demonstrate the presence of specific cytoplasmic inclusions in reticular cells, lymphocytes, Sternberg-Reed cells and a few fibroblasts. These inclusions were not found in cultures of normal nodes, lymphosarcoma, leukemia and lymphadenitis.

2. Cell-free supernatant fluid from cultures of Hodgkin's nodes added to cultures of normal lymph nodes causes the appearance, in the cells of the outgrowth, of cytoplasmic inclusions similar to those found in cultures of Hodgkin's nodes.

3. The cytoplasmic inclusions which specifically stain with brilliant cresyl blue and Sellers' stain appear as small bodies within vacuoles. The inclusions are frequently aggregated into masses.

4. Cellular degeneration and liquefaction of the medium are characteristic for cultures of Hodgkin's nodes and of normal lymph nodes exposed to supernatant fluid from Hodgkin's node cultures.

5. Liquefaction of medium is most prominent in cultures of those Hodgkin's nodes in which reticular cells predominate.

6. Two types of giant cells appear in cultures of Hodgkin's nodes. During the early life of the cultures, cells with three to five nuclei are seen in the outgrowth near the explant. These have been designated Sternberg-Reed cells. In older cultures there commonly appear many very large multinucleated giant cells. The large multinucleated giant cells are also seen occasionally in cultures of lymphadenitis known to be of infectious origin.

7. Sternberg-Reed cells were observed in cultures of Hodgkin's nodes and not in cultures of the other lymphomas.


Optic Disc (OD) detection is a key pre processing component in many algorithms designed for automatic extraction of retinal anatomical structures and lesions thus, reliable and efficient OD localization is significant tasks in ophthalmic image processing. We aim to investigate the relevance of computational saliency model in retinal images in the context of OD detection. The optic disc in a retinal image is characterized as high contrast region. This approximately corresponds to disjunctive targets in a visual search task. Saliency maps were computed using popular model Itti-Koch. Then mathematical morphology and Otsu's algorithm used on the saliency map for OD detection. The resulted images satisfactorily showed OD detection. The results are promising and give new insight to the use of the saliency map for medical images.


In this paper, the form invariance of second order nonholonomic systems in phase space is studied. The definition and criterion of the form invariance of second order nonholonomic systems in phase space are given. The structure equation and conservation law of form invariance are obtained. An example is given to illustrate the application of the result.


Directed Graybox Fuzzing is an enhanced fuzzing technique that is widely used in security testing of network communication protocols, desktop software, file systems, etc. It guides the execution flow of the program to the code area of the target site by constructing specific input data, and realizes the test of the specific code area. It is usually used in scenarios such as patch testing, crash reproduction, and static analysis report verification. However, we found that coverage-guided tracing used by the existing Directed Graybox Fuzzing not only has high performance overhead but also has little value, because most test cases cannot discover new execution paths, and are even less likely to reach the target area. It doesn't make much sense to trace the coverage of these test cases. To address this challenge, we propose a new coverage-guided tracing mechanism and implement it prototype, WindArms. It will only trace the coverage of those which can discover new execution paths or reach the target area to reduce the performance overhead of those meaningless coverage-guided tracing. Our evaluation show WindArms not only significantly improves the performance of Directed Graybox Fuzzing, but also can discover security vulnerabilities in real-world software.


It is an important question to choose the road to transform capitalism in the international communist movement. In the history, Soviet socialism stand that capitalism should be destroyed completely and democratic socialism view that capitalism should be reformed in its own frame. The intense changes of Soviet Union and Eastern Europe prove that neither Soviet socialism nor democratic socialism success in transforming capitalism, so PCF (the Party of Communist French) put forward that the road to transform capitalism should go beyond capitalism.


Since 2004's Olympic Games, volleyball in China drops into a low point once again. One of the factors causing the situation is the ineffective development of the volleyball in colleges and universities. By investigating and analyzing the development of volleyball teaching and extracurricular activities in regular colleges and universities, the difficulties for volleyball's development in colleges and universities are attempted to be found and the corresponding countermeasures will be presented. At the same time, providing reference for improving the quality of volleyball teaching in colleges and universities, it affords theoretical foundations for the Department of Education and the Department of Sports to formulate the relevant policies. Keywords-volleyba; regular universities; motivation; reflection In 2010, men and women's volleyball teams of China both fell into the dumps. In the new Olympic cycle, they achieved the worst results for the past 36 years. Sooner, in the June of the following year, the Chinese Women's Volleyball Team was completely defeated by the Japanese Volleyball Team with a score of 0-3 during the grand prix of women's volleyball in Switzerland. (1) Although Chinese women's volleyball players outclass the Japanese players on height, physical quality etc., they lost the game with an unimaginable score. Regardless volitional quality is one of the essential factors; the increasingly weakened mass base of Chinese volleyball is also an indisputable fact. As undergraduates are the hard core of the physical culture and sports, college sports bear a significant role on enhancing the athletic skills of university students and promoting their good development in both body and mind. As a result, mass participation of college students becomes one crucial way of volleyball's development and improvement. By investigating and analyzing the current situation of volleyball teaching in regular colleges and universities, the problems for volleyball's development in colleges and universities will be discovered and the corresponding countermeasures will be presented. Meanwhile, the basis for the Department of Education and the Department of Sports to formulate the relevant policies is provided.


This chapter builds on the assertion that spirituality is best understood as one dimension of the larger phenomenon of lived religious practice, rather than as a phenomenon separate from or opposed to religion. Spirituality is situated in a multidimensional analysis that also includes embodiment, materiality, emotion, aesthetics, morality, and narrative. By analyzing spirituality as a distinct dimension of religious practice, we can see the internal dynamics among all the dimensions. Understanding spirituality and religion at this micro level is incomplete, however, without attention to the distinct legal and cultural contexts around the world. This chapter elaborates on four ideal-typical macrosocial contexts that each shape quite differently the practice of religion and its spiritual dimensions: entangled, established, institutionalized, and interstitial contexts. These contexts identify differences in modal expectations for the fields within which religious practices will be found and the modes of regulation that will constrain religious action.


The 11β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11β‐HSD2) regulates access of 11β‐hydroxyglucocorticoids to the mineralocorticoid receptor by reducing the hydroxyl group of these steroids at position 11. Previous cell culture studies revealed that tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) down‐regulates 11β‐HSD2 activity. Here, we demonstrate that transgenic mice overexpressing TNF‐α have decreased mRNA abundance and activity of 11β‐HSD2 in kidney tissue, indicating that this effect may occur also in vivo. The analysis of the transcriptional regulation of 11β‐HSD2 by TNF‐α and phorbol 12‐myristate‐13‐acetate (PMA) with in vivo genomic footprinting in human colon SW620 cells revealed stimulus‐dependent protein‐DNA interactions in three promoter regions, κB1, Sp1/Egr‐1I, and Sp1/Egr‐1II. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated the relevance of NF‐κB binding to κB1 and of Egr‐1 binding to Sp1/Egr‐1 sites for the PMA and TNF‐α effect. We observed a temporal switch of binding to κB1 site from active p65/p50 heterodimers to inactive p50/p50 homodimers. TNF‐α or PMA treatment for 24 h resulted in accumulation of p50 and decrease of p65 nuclear proteins. Overexpression of p50 inhibited HSD11B2 promoter activity and overexpression of Egr‐1 inhibited transactivation of the HSD11B2 promoter by p65/p50. In conclusion, TNF‐α and PMA down‐regulate expression and activity of 11β‐HSD2 most likely by a coordinate binding of p50/p50 and Egr‐1 to the HSD11B2 promoter.


Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes are the leading vector of malaria in Indian subcontinent, parts of Asia and the Middle East. Mosquito control is facing a threat due to the emergence of resistance to synthetic insecticides. Plants may be alternative sources of mosquito control agents. The present study assessed the role of larvicidal activities of methanolic leaf and inflorescence extract of Anisomeles malabarica (L.) against malarial vector Anopheles stephensi Liston (Insecta: Diptera : Culicidae). The larvicidal activity was assayed against the mosquito species at various concentrations ranging from (20 to 100 ppm) under the laboratory conditions. The LC50 and LC90 value of the methanolic leaf and inflorescence extract of Anisomeles malabarica (L.) was determined by Probit analysis. The percentage of mortality of Anopheles stephensi after the treatment of Anisomeles malabarica on I to IV instar larvae from 20,40,60,80 to100 ppm. The LC50 and LC90 values were represented as follows: LC50 value of I instar was 50.24%, II instar was 54.70%, III instar was 59.03% and IV instar was 64.33%, respectively. LC90 value of I instar 106.99%, II instar was 113.33%, III instar was 118.04% and IV instar was 119.94%, respectively. The present results suggest that the effective Anisomeles malabarica leaf and inflorescence crude extracts have potential to be used as an ideal eco-friendly approach for the control of mosquito vectors.


Abstract In this investigation attention was focused on the fracture behaviour of some high strength aluminium alloys in the as-cast and heat treated condition. Fracture is initiated in constituent particles located at grain or dendrite boundaries, and propagates in an intergranular manner. Crack initiation occurs independently of temper condition at a critical stress of about 1000 MN m−2. Fracture toughness varies between 17 and 25 MN m−3/2 depending upon aging condition. The measured toughness can be explained in terms of the critical decohesion stress, the yield stress, and the volume (or distance) over which the critical decohesion stress is exceeded.


By comparison of proteome profiles of purified Chlamydia pneumoniae and whole lysates of C. pneumoniae infected HEp‐2 cells, an N‐terminal fragment of the previously uncharacterized chlamydial protein Cpn0796 was identified as a secreted protein. A 38 kDa cleavage product of Cpn0796 was present in infected cells, whereas only the 65 kDa full‐length Cpn0796 could be detected in purified Chlamydia. Confocal immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrated that Cpn0796 was localized in the Chlamydia membrane in young inclusions. However, at 36 h post infection and later Cpn0796 was detected in the cytoplasm of C. pneumoniae infected HEp‐2 and BHK cells. Furthermore, Cpn0796 was detected in the cytoplasm of infected cells in the lungs of C. pneumoniae infected C57Bl mice. When cleavage was inhibited, Cpn0796 was retained in the chlamydiae. We propose that Cpn0796 is an autotransporter the N‐terminal of which is translocated to the host cell cytoplasm. This is the first example of secretion of a Chlamydia autotransporter passenger domain into the host cell cytoplasm. Cpn0796 is specific for C. pneumoniae, where five homologous proteins are encoded by clustered genes. None of these five proteins were found to be secreted.


An effective text must be a unity of coherence in form and cohesion in meaning.Phonetic iconicity and formal iconicity is one of the effective means to achieve coherence and cohesion in texts.They both enable the text to be coherent in form and meaning and make it to be more vivid.


Bridges that can be managed by the managers to ensure proper definition of target level of management and equal performance index between managers, to ensure the adequacy and reliability of budget requirements, and to improve the efficiency of the bridge maintenance budget allocation procedure. A bridge management information analysis system is provided that considers the risks and values of the Bridge management information analysis system, the data collection unit for collecting data for the bridge information management; Bridge current performance and value evaluation unit for evaluating bridge replacement cost, determining impact factor by detailed performance measure, and evaluating performance index by detailed performance measure and representative performance index at project and network level; Determine the target performance level, predict the future performance using the current bridge performance index and performance prediction model, analyze the maintenance target that is not under the management target performance level, and examine the relationship between future input cost and performance A management goal establishing unit for adjusting a management goal performance level; And analyze the value / cost of maintenance measures to maximize the priority of value performance models and the sum of value / cost, and make detailed decisions about the selection of maintenance targets and budget allocation. Includes maintenance planning.


Objective: To determine whether the angle of screw insertion had effect to the adjacent disc segment. Methods; fifty-one patients with lumbar disc degeneration were identified from 1997 to 2001. We divided the patients into two groups based on screw angle. Medical records, radiographs were obtained. Rersults: There had been more patients with lumbar earlier adjacent degeneration in group one than that in group two, all of the patients had no significant clinical symptoms. Conclusions: The lumbar fusion can affect adjacent level, we fund degeneration only in radiographs. The bigger the screw angle is the more number of patients have disc degeneration at adjacent level.


The billing manabement techniques for multiple services in the B-ISDN network have been rarely developed. In fact, the management techniques including billing manabement only focus on a single service environment. In this paper, we propose a billing management system architecture for the multiple services in a Broadband access network. The architecture is based in OSI system management infrastruture and TMN Q3 interface to exchange and process the billing information from access node that is an ATM Cross connecter. The system is designed to actively adopt the rapidly changing service environments and B-ISDN network management techniques. Futhermore, this system supports multiple services providers by real-time collector and charging functions for their requirements compared to the previous methodologies tat only use the statistical data.


Work on the 12 new affordable homes for local people on land south of Sir Edward Stracey Road, Rackheath is progressing well. At the moment, we expect that the homes will be ready to allocate to tenants late this year.


Soil nutrition test methods based on ion-exchange can only extract part of the plant available elements in soil, thus in order to reflect the amount of soil available nutrition to plants more precisely, phytoavailable nutrition in the solid phase of soil must be included in the test result. Soil nutrition phytoavailability test (SNPT) is to estimate the amount of nutrition, including that from the solid phase which plant can absorb during plant growth. Based on such a definition, this paper reviewed the methods that can reach such a purpose, and their mechanism, performance and advances of these methods made in recent years. These methods include biological incubation and chemical extraction methods for nitrogen, iron-impregnated filter paper and iron hydroxide dialysis tube methods for phosphorus and sodium tetraphenylboron methods for potassium.


Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) from ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA, NaO2CCH2N(CH2CO2H)CH2CH2N-(CH2CO2Na)CH2CO2H) on silver and copper electrodes is reported. There is no SERS spectrum observed for EDTA on copper electrodes. The SERS spectrum on silver is very dependent on electrolyte and laser power. In nitrate electrolyte, most of the bands typical of EDTA are observed in the SERS spectra with small wavenumber shifts and small relative intensity changes. In 0.1 mol/1 chloride electrolyte the SERS spectra show indication of decarboxylation and are nearly identical to SERS spectra of N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA, (CH3)2NCH2CH2N(CH3)2). However, SERS spectra of TMEDA show evidence that TMEDA also reacts. SERS spectra of ethylenediamine-N,N′-diacetic acid show many similar bands to those found in the SERS spectra of TMEDA.


Nowadays, the transformation of energy structure has become an important task for society. The advantages of hydrogen energy also meet the criteria of people's choice of energy. This paper introduces hydrogen production, storage methods, and their application for the power generation. In hydrogen production part, POM is the most satisfactory of four methanol to hydrogen methods as this reaction does not require any energy and can be more than 50% efficient. In terms of photolytic water technology, Ti- and Zr-based Photocatalysts, Ta- and Nb-Based Photocatalysts, Ga and Ge-Based Photocatalysts have been applied to increase the reaction rate, in addition, the device has the advantage of a small footprint, ease of operation and high measurement accuracy. In the microbial hydrogen production section, experiments have shown that hydrogen production is highest in a thermally shocked environment, and that genetic modification of the organisms at the molecular level can also increase hydrogen production. For the hydrogen power generation, the PEMFC is by far the most used experimental product for grid-connected power generation. In the future, researchers should focus on solving various existing problems and developing more economical and efficient hydrogen power generation systems to realize the large-scale use of clean energy. Meanwhile, this paper expects to find better solutions to solve existing problems.


This paper first analyses the impact of Distributed Generations (DG) on distribution system loss and voltage profile. Distribution loss depends on various factors such as: the number and locations of DG connections, injected DG powers, distribution system configuration etc. To study the impact of injected DG powers and locations on the distribution loss, a 15-bus radial distribution system is modeled using PSCAD and simulations are carried with varying DG power injections and locations. Next, the optimum sizes of DG are evaluated which gives the minimum loss satisfying various other system constraints. Dynamic Programming approach is used to solve this optimization problem and the subroutine is developed in MATLAB.


The functionalization of multi-walled carbon nanotube synthesized from diffusion on flame(F-MWCNT) with thionyl chloride and n-hexadecylamine was carried out without the pretreatment of acid oxidation. The FT-IR, XPS and TGA results showed that there were carboxylic acid groups in the F-MWCNT, and n-hexadecylamine was successfully attached on the sidewalls of F-MWCNT after functionalization. SEM results showed that the dispersion of F-MWCNT in polystyrene composites was more homogenous than that of pure multi-walled carbon nanotube synthesized by CVD. DMA results indicated that the functionalized F-MWCNT played an better role in the reinforcement of polystyrene composites.


Objective To study necessity of medical students in clinical practice and the related influencing factors,and to provide evidence for the guidance of clinical practice.Methods A total of 562 medical students in clinical practice were investigated by using the university necessity inventory(UNI) and the questionnaire.Results The highest score were found in job hunting necessity(3.62±0.86) and the self-cognition(3.90±1.03).Females got significantly higher score than males on the factors of study necessity and job hunting necessity(P0.05).Medical students' necessity was related to study aim,attitude of coping with pressure,interpersonal relation,English level and job consideration during clinical practice.Conclusion It is necessary to carry out the mental health education about job hunting and self-cognition.


A pharmaceutical composition for treating a human patient comprising a bispecific single chain antibody comprising (i) a first binding domain that binds a CD3 primate other than chimpanzee, and (ii) a second binding domain that binds with a cell surface antigen, wherein said binding domain binds to an epitope of human CD3 epsilon and primate other than chimpanzee, wherein the epitope comprises the amino acid sequence "FSEXE" (SEQ ID NO. 204 ), where "X" represents L (leucine) or M (methionine), and in which the CD3-epsilon primate other than chimpanzee comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 135 or 136.


The model supported positioning (MSP) project will provide more accurate horizontal and vertical absolute position information for aerial imagery, using image understanding (IU) technology and photogrammetry in conjunction with ground control and three-dimensional (3D) object models. The MSP architecture consists of three principal elements: (1) in-line positioning function (IPF); (2) registration adjustment function (RAF); and (3) control feature positioning function (CFPF). The IPF is a production function, automatically processing imagery, control and camera data, to provide improved positioning capability. The RAF is the application function, where imagery exploitation benefits from improved camera data, and through internal operations, generates data to support analysis and maintenance of ground truth positioning. The CFPF develops the initial control package that is used as the IPF and maintains control data over time as sites are repeatedly imaged. Our design allows for all three functions, though logically linked, to be physically displaced.


Widespread physics education research has shown that most introductory physics students have difficulty learning essential optics concepts - even in the best of traditional courses, and that well-designed active learning approaches can remedy this problem. This mini-workshop and the associated poster session will provide direct experience with methods for promoting students' active involvement in the learning process in lecture and laboratory. Participants will have hands-on experience with activities from RealTime Physics labs and Interactive Lecture Demonstrations - a learning strategy for large (and small) lectures, including specially designed Optics Magic Tricks. The poster will provide more details on these highly effective curricula.


Introduction: Fluoride is one of the naturally occurring mineral elements which has an effective role in preventing dental caries and its consolidation. Fluoridation of water is a simple technique and the most effective method approved for preventing dental caries. Accordingly, this research was carried out with the aim of investigating the level of fluoride in the urban water of cities in Western Azerbaijan province in 2017. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-cross-sectional study, the level of fluoride in urban water reservoirs of 17 towns of Western Azerbaijan province was examined in different reservoirs. The information of the reservoirs was collected from water and wastewater organization of the province, where a 250-cc water sample was collected from each reservoir. The prepared samples were thenT sent to the laboratory to measure the level of fluoride. Determination of the concentration of fluoride ion in water samples was carried out using spectrophotometric method. Eventually, the data obtained from this study were examined by statistical-descriptive methods using SPSS 17. P <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The results obtained from the study indicate that the level of fluoride in the samples investigated in Shooth and Poldasht town was larger than the optimum level, while the rest of towns had a level lesser than the optimum value. Furthermore, the median of the investigated population (the median fluoride of the towns of Western Azerbaijan province) was 0.227 ppm, when based on statistical tests, it had a significant difference with the optimal fluoride value (1 ppm) (p-value<0.05). Conclusion: Considering the median of fluoride concentration in towns of Western Azerbaijan province (0.227 ppm), it can be stated that the level of fluoride in drinking water of this province is low, elucidating the addition of supplementary fluoride to the drinking water of reservoirs.


This paper dealed with the influence on the regulating calculation and project scale from the calculation method of the reservoir capacity curve,water supply ensurance probability,evaporation and the seepage losses,regulation time,and so on.Combining with the example of project,the paper pointed out that the analysis and collation of basis data must be strengthened,and based on the similar type of project and technical specifications the parameters must be selected reasonablely.It can provide a scientific,strict and accurate technical support for the reasonable evaluation of project scale.