Putting "the Byelaw of Recycling and Deposing Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment" in force will supply a law gap of recycling and deposing waste electron, to develop circular economy, overcome the shortage of resources on China's economic development constraints having very important significance. This article outlines the byelaw and brings up accessorial measure and countermeasure.


In the base of defining regional innovation capacity,the paper sets up an index system of regional innovation capacity.Applying factor analysis for 31 provinces,this paper compares regional innovation capacity of eastern,western and central area of China and analysis the correlation between regional innovation capacity and the level of economic development.


Purpose: The purpose of this study was to verify influencing factors on service quality provided by care helpers working for the elderly in long term care. Methods: The data were collected using self-reported questionnaire from 221 care helpers working in long-term care facility or home care service center. The data were analyzed using multiple regression with the SPSS/WIN 17.0 program. Results: There were significant differences in service quality depending on the health status, intimacy level, pleasure level, job education, and turnover intention. Factors influencing service quality were gender, intimacy level with elderly, type of working place and job satisfaction with value of 17.3%. The most influencing factor was intimacy level (


This essay contains the results obtained while on a thesis-related paper. To this end, the objec- tives of the thesis were focused on the effectiveness of diverse didactic methods in terms of the acquisition of lexical terms among eighth graders.


One major issue of designing ferroelectric random access memory is to ascertain the proper ferroelectric capacitor scales for predefined capacity and architecture. Prior to that, bitline capacitor should be calculated accurately. In this paper, the topology of parasite capacitance in a typical 2T2C reading operation is analyzed, and an applicable bitline capacitance evaluation method is proposed. Applying this method on the test chip with 2T2C configuration, optimized ferroelectric capacitance could be acquired


Shale oils prepared from oil shales of Quebec, England, Scotland, Colorado, Wyoming, Utah, and Nevada were studied to determine the extent and cause of unsaturation, distribution of saturates, effect of cracking on unsaturation, and some of the properties of the unsaturated products. Colorado shale oil contained 11.6 to 28.0 percent saturates. None of the retorting conditions used produced more than 30 percent saturates, and the smallest amount was produced when steam retorting was used to minimize cracking. Insufficient organic hydrogen is present in kerogen to produce saturated compounds with all of the carbon; consequently, for maximum yield the oil must be highly unsaturated. Decomposition occurred during redistillation of the shale oil and was accompanied by a considerable increase in the saturation of the oil.


Recent progress on the high power mm wave technologies of the electron cyclotron heating and current drive (EC H&CD) for ITER (international thermonuclear experimental reactor) application is introduced. The R&D and design works are under progress at EU, Russia, US, India and Japan. On the 170 GHz gyrotron developments, the ITER criterion (1MW, 500s, 50%), which was the most critical issue for EC H&CD system, has been satisfied. Accompanied with the progress of the power sources, the development of the components is accelerated, such as mm wave transmission line. In addition, specific design works of launchers for mm-wave injection into the plasma have advanced.


In this paper we proposed the watermarking technique using the markspace which is selected by tree-structure between the subbands in the wavelet domain and feature information in the spatial domain. The watermarking candidate region in the wavelet domain is obtained by the markspace selection algorithm divides the highest frequency subband to several segments and calculates theirs energy and the averages value of the total energy of the subband. Also the markspace of the spatial domain is obtained by the boundary information of a image. The final markspace is selected by the markspaces of the wavelet and spatial domain. The watermark is embedded into the selected markspace using the random addresses by LFSR. Finally the watermarking image is generated using the inverse wavelet transform. The proposed watermarking algorithm shows the robustness against the attacks such as JPEG, blurring, sharpening, and gaussian noise.


Viruses are the largest class, but by no means the only examples, of malicious software. This chapter will explore the many varieties of viruses, concentrating on the major classes, as well as related malicious programs. It will also explain and examine the basic means of detecting viruses, and preventing them from infecting your computer.

Keywords:

computer viruses;
computer worms;
detection techniques;
logic bombs;
macro viruses;
polymorphic viruses;
trojan horses


ABSTRACT Bion's "Notes on Thinking" (1962a) is not typically associated with the practice of school psychology. However, most of the ideas articulated in the paper, such as the need to learn to engage with what feels frustrating, the capacity to contain emotions and process experiences, and the role of the mother in enabling her child to tolerate emotional states, are applicable to the challenges school psychologists and teachers routinely face in schools. Perhaps the most prominent of these are the need to be able to tolerate and contain the reactions difficult children generate with their acts and the ability to create conditions that help school personnel reflect on the behavior of these children and thus be more attuned to their needs.


Introduction: Alzheimer disease (AD) results in changes in cognitive function and cerebral structure, especially in the cortical association areas and the limbic system. In the very early stage of dementia, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a high risk condition for the development of clinically probable AD. Recently, some reports have shown the potential of diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI) as a useful diagnostic tool in AD and MCI (1). General reduction of fraction anisotropy (FA) and increase in trace values was found in several regions including the parietal and temporal lobes which were mostly involved in AD (2). Those DTI studies were evaluated in DTI indices without considering brain atrophy changes. Apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) is a genetic risk factor for development of cognitive impairment and dementia. Despite of their potential importance, understanding of microstructural brain change associated with this genetic variation influences remains incomplete. The purpose of our study was to prospectively evaluate whether carriers of APOE4 were altered in brain diffusion anisotropy compared with noncarriers in AD, MCI, and cognitively normal (CN) subjects. For this investigation, we applied a partial volume correction (PVC) method of cerebrospinal fluid on FA and trace maps to test voxel-based comparisons between the carriers and noncarriers for each subject group. Materials and Methods: 25 AD (4 men/21 women; mean age, 70.9 years; MMSE (Mini Mental State Examination Score), 17.2; APOE4, 11 noncarriers/14 carriers), 25 amnestic MCI (12/13; 67.6 years; 26.8; 20/5) and 25 CN subjects (9/16; 68.4 years; 27.3; 20/5) were enrolled in this study. There was no significant difference of demographic characteristics among groups except MMSE. For DTI data, a single-shot spin-echo echoplanar imaging (EPI) sequence was used with TR/TE=5700/78ms; SENSE factor 2.5; matrix=112 x 109; voxel=2.2 × 2.2 × 2.2 mm; b=0 and 800sec/mm applied along 32 diffusion-encoding directions using 3T MRI system (Philips, Achieva) equipped with an 8-channel head coil. In addition, a three-dimensional T1-weighted imaging (3D T1WI, i.e. MPRAGE) sequence was run to segment brain tissues and coregister into a standard brain template. T2-weighted and FLAIR images were also acquired to check anatomical abnormalities. The DTI index maps (FA and trace) for each subject were obtained with DTIstudioV2 software (Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA). Further imaging processing steps were performed with using Statistical Parametric Mapping program version 5 (SPM5, Wellcome Department of Cognitive Neurology, London, UK). Especially in the PVC step, we use following equation; corrected FA (cFA) =FA*(GM+WM) and corrected Trace (cTrace)=Trace*(GM+WM), where GM and WM are gray matter and white matter fractions obtained from the segmented 3D T1WI. In the statistical analysis, the two-sample ttest was used to compare cFA or cTrace between carriers and noncarriers for each group with covarying for subject's age and gender. In addition, one-way ANOVA was performed to compare cFA or cTrace among groups with covarying for subject's age and gender. The false discovery rate (FDR) of 5% was used with a threshold. Results : 1) Comparisons between carriers and noncarriers for each group (Fig 1): For cFA in CN subjects, cFA in carriers reduced mainly in the left medial frontal gyrus and WM as compared with noncarriers. In MCI subjects, cFA in carriers decreased in the left precentral gyrus, WM and left posterior cingulate. cFA in carriers increased in the left corpus callosum. Finally, in AD subjects, cFA in carriers significantly decreased in the right inferior frontal gyrus, right cingulate gyrus and left lingual gyrus as well as WM. cFA in carriers increased in the right superior parietal lobule, left precuneus and left cingulate gyrus as well as WM. For cTrace in CN subjects, cTrace value in carriers was not significantly increased, but significantly decreased compared with noncarriers. In MCI subjects, cTrace value in carriers was increased in the left middle frontal gyrus. In AD subjects, cTrace value in carriers was significantly increased in the left lingual gyrus and right thalamus, but decreased in mainly frontal and temporal lobes compared with noncarriers. 2) Comparisons cFA and cTrace between groups (Fig 2): cFA in CN increased in the both frontal and right parietal lobe as compared with MCI and in MCI increased in the both parietal lobes. cFA in CN increased in the both frontotemporoparietal lobes as compared with AD and in AD increased in the both parietal lobes as compared with CN. cFA in MCI increased in the both temporoparietal lobes as compared with AD and in AD increased in the right parietal lobes. cTrace in CN increased in the right parietal cortex as compared with MCI. cTrace in AD increased in the mainly both temporoparietal lobes as compared with CN. cTrace in AD increased in the mainly both parietal lobes as compared with MCI. Discussions: This paper is the first application of the PVC method in analyzing DTI indices in AD and MCI subjects. In addition, there is limited study in investigating DTI data on concerning the effect of the APOE genotype in AD and MCI subjects. The main finding of this study was significant changes of cFA and cTrace values in specific brain regions in APOE4 carriers as compared with noncarriers. Those changes are different as compared data without considering the partial volume correction. It is suggested that non-corrected trace values may reflect brain atrophy rather than actual tissue changes in brain parenchyma. On the microstructural level, intravoxel partial voluming would be higher in elderly subjects compared with young subjects, resulting in higher trace and reflecting age-related increased in interstitial fluid. Many previous studies demonstrated the importance of PVC in brain perfusion with using gray matter tissue (3).We suggested that applications of the PVC in analyzing DTI data in cognitive decline patients should be helpful to evaluate microstructural changes in brain. Conclusion: Regional microstructural changes of brain in APOE4 carriers of AD and MCI subjects were confirmed by using the PVC method of DTI data for the first time. The result of this study demonstrated that the partial volume correction of cerebrospinal fluid in DTI data is very important for accurate evaluation of microstructural changes in cognitive decline patients. Acknowledges: This research was supported by a grant of the Korean Health Technology R&D Project, Ministry for Health, Welfare & Family Affairs, Republic of Korea (A092125). References: (1) Chua TC, et al. Curr Opin Neurol 2008;21:83-92;(2)Scola E, et al. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2010;81:798-805;(3) Nathan AJ, et al. Radiology 2005;234:851-859 Fig1.Increased cFA value in AD subjects noncarrier (red) vs. carrier(blue)


For Stewart platform, high-quality kinematic motion signal plays an vital role in assessing flight training fidelity and providing feedback for trajectory following. In addition to relying on numerically solving forward kinematic problem from measurement of six leg displacement sensors to obtain kinematic motion, some researchers began to employ sensor fusion scheme through deploying inertial measurement unit (IMU) on upper moving platform. In this paper, we will construct Extended Kalman Filtering (EKF) and Unscented Kalman Filtering (UKF) on Lie group to address this fusion problem. This fusion problem is slightly different from Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) or Visual Inertial Odometry (VIO) in that six linear displacement sensors are tightly coupled with IMU sensors while those sensors in SLAM or VIO problem still provides partial measurement of motion state. Numerical simulation experiment shows that both Lie group-based EKF (EKF-LG) and UKF (UKF-LG) which satisfy group affine property behave better than conventional Kalman filtering in consistency and accuracy.


Building on previous studies of corporate capital allocations, we investigate the effect of the relative size of a business unit with respect to the size of the rest of the corporation on internal investment behavior. Using field data from a large set of firms we find that business unit capital expenditures normalized by assets are higher when a business unit is smaller relative to the rest of its firm, holding other relevant variables (growth, profitability, etc.) constant. We find further support for this relative size effect in a simple allocation experiment. Our analysis extends findings of inefficiencies in capital allocation decisions in a novel direction by suggesting that corporate cross-subsidization is 1) mostly centered around reallocation of capital from large to small business units rather than from high to low performing business units as predicted by the agency-based accounts and 2) due to a simple heuristics that leads managers to naively diversify


CONTEXT
Metabolic abnormalities such as hypertriglyceridemia remain a challenge for optimizing long-term health in HIV-infected patients.

OBJECTIVE
Elevation of free fatty acids (FFAs) may contribute to hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance in HIV. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of chronic inhibition of lipolysis in HIV-infected men and women with hypertrigyceridemia. We hypothesized that acipimox would lead to significant reductions in triglycerides and improved insulin sensitivity, compared with placebo.

DESIGN
A 3-month, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial of acipimox (250 mg thrice daily) vs. placebo was conducted in 23 HIV-infected men and women with hypertriglyceridemia (>150 mg/dl), abnormal fat distribution, and no current lipid-lowering therapy. The primary outcome variable was triglyceride concentration, and insulin sensitivity measured by hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp was a secondary outcome.

SETTING
The study was conducted at an academic medical center.

RESULTS
Acipimox resulted in significant reductions in FFAs [mean change -0.38 (0.06) vs. 0.08 (0.06) mEq/liter with placebo, -68 vs. +17% change from mean baseline, P < 0.0001], decreased rates of lipolysis (P < 0.0001), and a median triglyceride decrease from 238 mg/dl at baseline to 190 mg/dl, compared with an increase from 290 to 348 mg/dl in the placebo group (P = 0.01). Acipimox improved insulin sensitivity [acipimox +2.31 (0.74) vs. placebo -0.21 (0.90) mg glucose per kilogram lean body mass per minute, or +31 vs. -2% change from mean baseline values, P = 0.04]. Improvements in insulin sensitivity were significantly correlated with reductions in FFAs (r = -0.62, P = 0.003) and lipolysis (r = -0.59, P = 0.005).

CONCLUSIONS
Acipimox resulted in significant sustained reductions in lipolysis, improved glucose homeostasis, and significant but modest reductions in triglycerides in HIV-infected individuals with abnormal fat distribution and hypertriglyceridemia. Improvement in overall metabolic profile with acipimox suggests a potential clinical utility for this agent that requires further investigation.


This paper provides the system level analysis, design guidelines and calibration procedures for the novel energy-efficient SAR-based capacitance-to-digital converter (CDC) introduced in [1]. The CDC is intended for capacitive pressure sensors. The CDC employs a new direct-capacitance-comparison technique together with a successive approximation register (SAR) algorithm to resolve the sensor capacitance by, directly, comparing it to an on-chip binary-weighted capacitive digital-to-analog converter (DAC) array (CAPDAC). An offset DAC array (OFFDAC) compensates for the sensor rest and parasitic capacitances, accordingly, the interface gives a dynamically zoomed digital-output code that corresponds only to the sensor capacitance change. The full-scale (FS) input capacitance of the CDC is easily adjustable to interface to a wide range of sensors. In this paper, design equations for the system clocks frequencies, are derived. Also, noise analysis is presented to provide design insight. In addition, the paper proposes calibration procedures against process variations, and procedures to accommodate different sensor offset and input capacitance range.


It is shown that nanoscale structuring of the active medium of a thin-film solar cell in three dimensions is an effective approach to light trapping that approaches the theoretical limits. Article not available.


Ada is an entertainment exhibit that is able to interact with many people simultaneously, using a language of light and sound. "She " received 553,700 visitors over 5 months during the Swiss Expo.02 in 2002. In this paper we present the broad motivations, design and technologies behind Ada, and a first overview of the outcomes of the exhibit.


A method of software development automation based on table of requirements about e-government development was put forward.The table of requirements was designed to describe requirements.The software could make software interface,create database and operate data automatically.Using the method of software development automation,the prototype can be built quickly only by means of analysis,description of requirements,the process of designation for interface.So software development automation for e-government development can be achieved by no or very little programming work.


Due to an inability to accommodate for the rapidly increasing number of printed materials, Korean academic libraries are facing serious space shortage problems. Very few academic institutions have the funds to expand existing libraries or construct new facilities in order to accommodate the influx o...


The paper presents some problems related to enhanced biological phosphorus removal. In case of municipal wastewater need for electron donors leads either to addition of external sources of carbon such as ethanol, methanol or acetic acid or an internal source must be applied. The internal source means usually a mixture of short chained fatty acids produced from sludge on the way of hydrolysis. Full-scale investigations supported by laboratory tests enlightened some specific operational problems which may occur in wastewater treatment plants with an intensive acidic generation. Higher then assumed consumption of biodegradable carbon is usually one of adverse unfavorable effects. During full-scale tests on supplying the treatment train with required electron donors via acidic fermentation it was found that it frequently led to direct overload of the biological reactor with pre-fermentation products. The system with mesophilic fermentation of sludge as a stabilization method a significant decrease of a biogas production was proved.


In this study, the researcher aims to work for a solution in helping the 4th form students whom encounter with the challenge faced in writing. They are unable to produce the writing task in the language class independently. The major concern among educators is focus on the deficiency in English competence among Malaysian learners beside facing the examination, English serves as a tool to communicate and connect with each other in social context, as Jeon-Ellis, Debski and Wiggleswort (2005) define the language classroom as "a social context to which learners bring themselves and their past experiences in which they establish certain relationships and attempt to participate and engage in tasks in ways that best fit their social needs" This confirmed the vital eminence of students to learn the national language-Bahasa Malaysia and English. Besides the essential need to obtain bilingual proficiency in Shift 2 of the Blueprint of Education in Malaysia, the crucial necessity of proficient in Bahasa English in the multicultural society makes a natural setting for students to master English. Thus, writing skill that has challenged the basic writer required cultural responsive teaching and reader respond theory to ease the problem encountered with the HOTS in 21st century learning environment.


The term 'resolution' which is used in the title of this paper is intended to draw an analogy between the fields of photography and image-processing, on the one hand, and the field of corpus linguistics, on the other. In photography, if a more detailed image is required, a higher resolution lens will supply it, provided that the original image is of sufficient depth and richness to withstand the greater magnification. In corpus linguistics, a similar situation obtains: in order to get a clearer or more differentiated picture of a word form, the data under scrutiny must be sufficient to be reliable. This paper will examine the way in which the character of a word form or lemma emerges more fully as the amount of corpus evidence available increases. In any corpus of natural running text, approximately half the word types will occur once only, and the majority of the remainder will occur fewer than ten times. The 7.3 million word corpus of current English held at Birmingham, for example, which is part of the Birmingham Collection of English Text (Renouf, 1984), reveals the following (provisional) statistics: no. of types no. of types occurring once only no. of types occurring 2-9 times no. of types occurring 10-19 times no. of types occurring 20-29 times no. of types occurring 30-39 times no. So even in a relatively large corpus such as this, 5/6 of the types occur rarely. Or to put it another way, relatively little information on usage is yielded for about 5/6 of the types which make up the corpus. For the purposes of grammatical research, with its broader focus, this phenomenon is less important. For lexicological purposes, however, it is crucial. The large-scale 'COBUIW' lexicographical research project at Birmingham, for example, has recognised the need for greater corpus evidence for many words, even those included in relatively small dictionary headword lists. It is not the case, however, that all hapax legomena or other rare word forms in a text corpus are necessarily worthy of lexical analysis. Proper nouns can be one case in point. Errors, such as mis-spellings, are another. In the Birmingham Corpus, we had an early scanning problem with end-of-line hyphenation, so that a common collocate of FACTORY


Pat Martino commands high status in the world of jazz, for his prodigious talents as a teenage jazz phenomenon, numerous awards, recording output and his remarkable recovery from extreme amnesia following a life-saving brain operation in 1980.


Online education is rapidly increasing in popularity across the globe. Instructors and professors struggle to engage with and build meaningful relationships with online students in the same manner as onground students, and without this critical component in place, online students report a lack of interest, and thus, they produce a lower quality of work and report less overall satisfaction. There are a host of tools and strategies that may be used by the online instructor to build meaningful relationships with students and increase these satisfaction levels. This article discusses multiple approaches using both basic and technological tools to manage the online classroom. These tactics reach out to the online student, build these important relationships, and create a greater sense of satisfaction and produce a higher level of work by the online student.


As games continue to displace television as a mainstream leisure activity, there has never been a better time to study games and to create solid connections between game developers and academic researchers. Building these connections will not be easy for there exists little common ground, and games are surrounded by supposition and saddled with the contradictory presumptions of harm and triviality. Despite these challenges, it is time to study games.


FIELD: biotechnology. SUBSTANCE: method for processing tumour cells with a composition containing sodium dichloroacetate (DCA) and caffeine sodium benzoate is proposed. The measurement of antitumour activity is based on the distribution of cells by DNA content, which confirms the apoptosis of tumour cells. The effectiveness of the combined effect is assessed by the level of cells with less DNA than the diploid set (sub-G1 population) that result from the fragmentation of the nuclei of apoptotic cells. EFFECT: invention provides high antitumour activity and selectivity of sodium dichloroacetate while reducing toxic effects in non-tumourous cells. 8 dwg, 1 ex


In this research, we used different solvents with different polarity to demonstrate the change of fluorescence spectra of fluorescent dyes including Fluorescein, Bromofluorescein, Rhodamine 6G and Rhodamine B at fixed concentration (10 -3 molar) by using laser induced fluorescence (LIF) technique. The 395 nm purple laser was used to excite fluorescent molecules at room temperature. The fluorescence spectra were detected by a spectrometer which was performed under a computer interfacing software. It was found from the experiment that each solvent have their own effect on fluorescence spectra which are results from the reaction between solvent and fluorescent dye solution. Keyword : Fluorescence, Solvent effect, Solvent polarity, Solvatochromic shift


In this paper, a general fractional model is proposed. Based on the fractional model, a quasi-Newton trust region algorithm is presented for unconstrained optimization. The trust region subproblem is solved in the simplified way. We discussed the choices of the parameters in the fractional model and prove the global convergence of the proposed algorithm. Some primary test results shows the feasibility and validity of the fractional model.


The new chiral ligands (4 R, 5 R)-2,2-dimethyl-a,a,a′,a′-tetra(p-N,N-dimethylaminophenyl)-1,3-dioxolane-4,5-dimethanol and [(4 R, 5 R)-2,2-dimethyl-a,a,a′,a′-tetra(p-triphenylphosphoniumphenyl)-1,3-dioxolane-4,5-dimethanol]X4 (X = I, BPh4) have been synthesized and characterized. Their catalytic efficiency has been tested in the reaction of benzaldehyde and diethylzinc in the presence of Ti(OPr)4. Enantioselectivities up to S/R = 98.7 :1.3 have been observed.


Environmental issues associated with intensive agriculture lead to more interests in organic agriculture which is one of sustainable agriculture practices. Organic farms would benefit from the model that simulates soil nutrient dynamics as well as crop growth, which would be useful to optimize the fertilizer application. Few studies have been conducted to simulate crop growth using organic fertilizer, especially for rice which would be an important staple crop. The objectives of this study were to integrate a simple soil nutrient model into the ORYZA 2000 model and to compare with the ORYZA (v3) model under the organic fertilizer application. Crop growth and yield data were obtained at an experiment farm in National Institute of Agricultural Science (NAS) from 2015 to 2017. Another set of rice yield data were obtained at a commercial farm in Suncheon from 2015 to 2016. These data were ii used to compare estimates of crop yield. Parameter values for both ORYZA 2000 model and ORYZA (v3) model were determined to represent actual crop management and field condition. ORYZA 2000 model tended to have more reliable estimates of crop yield than the ORYZA (v3) model. Both models had relatively large errors in estimating soil inorganic nitrogen. These models also underestimated nitrogen uptake and crop biomass, especially during late vegetative stage and reproductive stage. Nevertheless, the ORYZA 2000 model had greater degree of agreement statistics and less error in rice yield estimation than the ORYZA (v3) model. It appeared that estimation error of crop yield resulted from inaccurate estimation of soil inorganic nitrogen, which would be caused by uncertainties of soil parameters. Weather data measured at a distant weather station to the commercial farm could cause considerable uncertainty in estimation rice yield.


Several partially fertile hybrids (2n = 32) were produced by embryo culture from crosses of the type T. repens (2n = 32) female × T. uniflorum (2n = 32) male . The reciprocal crosses, although giving better seed development in vivo, were less successful in producing viable hybrid plants. Backcrosses to both parent species and F2 hybrids were also produced. Hybrid materials were variable with respect to morphological characteristics but broadly within the expected intermediate range. Their root systems were generally coarser and deeper than that of T. repens, offering the prospect of improved resistance to beetle larvae and drought. One F1 hybrid proved to be highly self-compatible, although derived from self-incompatible parent species. Pollen fertility ranged from 0 to 58% for F1 hybrids, 0 to 13% for F2 hybrids, 0 to 84% for backcrosses to T. repens and 0 to 26% for backcrosses to T. uniflorum. Marked seasonal variations in pollen fertility were also observed. Up to two quadrivalent chromosome associations per pollen mother cell were observed at meiosis in F1 hybrids, indicating some intragenomic pairing of T. repens chromosomes. Quadrivalent associations were also observed in an F2 hybrid and three backcrosses to T. repens.


The rapid increase in health expenditure has become a major concern for both households and governments in the United States. This paper investigates the long-run dynamics of health care expenditure in the United States over the period 1991-2014 using the National Health Expenditure Data from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. We use an Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) technique to estimate the long-run dynamics and short-run adjustment of health care expenditure to changes in government insurance enrollment, controlling for income, health, uninsured, and trend to account for technological changes. The results indicate that the instance and type of insurance affect per capita expenditure; in particular, increases in Medicaid enrollment lead to higher per capita expenditure levels relative to other insurance groups and uninsured, while increases in Medicare enrollment lead to lower per capita expenditure levels.


DC polarization and depolarization current (PDC) measurements are commonly used in the field in order to assess the quality of stator winding insulating systems of large synchronous rotating machines. Results from the measurement of polarization/depolarization currents on modern epoxy mica bars in various conditions are presented in this paper. The measurements were conducted for DC voltages ranging from 1 to 20 kV. Unaged epoxy-mica spare bar with either iron oxide or silicon carbide stress grading coatings were compared in laboratory with bars of similar technology after aging and with bars with incomplete curing. The use of a two active electrodes set up with a guarded electrode allowed separating the contribution of the ground wall insulation to the measured current from the contribution of the end winding portions of the bars.


This study tested the predictions of the uncertainty management model in explaining employee well-being. On the basis of this model we hypothesized that job insecurity would moderate the association between procedural justice (i.e., procedural and interactional justice) and well-being (i.e., emotional exhaustion and stress symptoms). Linear hierarchical regression models were used to analyse data on 1443 employees in the municipal technical sector. The findings of the study supported the hypothesis. Employees who perceived the organization as unfair and experienced job insecurity were at a higher risk of emotional exhaustion and stress symptoms. However, the results were partly gender specific.


During the Covid‐19 pandemic, new habit adaptations applied. This affects the Alzheimer's Disease patients quality of life who went to our Memory Clinic from January – December 2020.


The article is dedicated to the research of priority motives according to attending "Physical education" classes by I and II year students from universities of Ukraine. The goal of the research is to determine the ratings of students' motivation towards attending physical education classes in the universities in Ukraine. The methods of research are analysis and generalization of scientific methodologic literature data, sociologic methods (questionnaire) and mathematical statistics methods. The questionnaire was answered by 363 students from 4 Ukrainian universities. Among them were 170 males and 193 females. The main results of the research are as follows. It was determined the general structure of students' motivation and value orientation according attending physical education classes by each university particularly. There was performed comparable analysis of significance ranking of the motives to attend physical education classes and also generalized differences between females and males in the choice of motivation priority. It was determined that 57 , 9% of students that have been taking part in the questionnaire, think that priority motive to attend physical education classes is to get credits from the course, while body strengthening has second priority place (47 , 9%). As males (46 , 5%) so females (67 , 9%) believe the most essential motive is to get credits from the course "Physical education" and body strengthening (males – 38 , 8%, females – 56 , 6%). The third place among males got the motive to improve physical efficiency (26 , 5%), among females – the desire to get fit (35 , 2%). Conclusions: The results we have got testify the importance to increase motivation level to attend physical education lessons.


Objective : To investigate about programing design of holistic nursing net management.Method: program with Foxpro 2.6 design excutive software under Dos envirament standard.practical form setup shared database and its main purpose is writing case history,health education nursing round monitoring.Result: This subsystem improve mursing effectiveness and management level.Conclusion: This soft ware is easy to grasp and practical,can improve nursing quality.


Abstract A mutation which appears only in the haploid female state and affects the early development of Enteromorpha lingulata by disorienting direction of cell division is described. The atypical spheroid thallus is the result of interaction between Mendelian and non-Mendelian or extrachromosomal factors.


Determining the emergent behaviour of a population from the interactions of its individuals is an ongoing challenge in the modelling of biological phenomena. Many classical models assume that the spatial location of each individual is independent of the locations of all other individuals. This mean-field assumption is not always realistic; in biological systems we frequently see clusters of individuals develop from uniform initial conditions. In this thesis, we explore situations in which the mean-field approximation is no longer valid for volume-excluding processes on a regular lattice. We provide methods which take into account the spatial correlations between lattice sites, thus more accurately reflecting the system's behaviour, and discuss methods which can provide information as to the validity of mean-field and other approximations.


An effort to open the aperture through which rhetorical critics are able to engage their work, Text Field: Innovations in Rhetorical Method is an important contribution to the fıeld of rhetoric. In particular, it offers rhetorical studies new avenues to extend a history that sometimes, as Chávez (2015) notes elsewhere, provides "much more evidence of those who came before writing in such a way as to foreclose the possibility" of both the work of marginalized rhetoricians and also the rhetoric of marginalized people. The introduction, written by McKinnon, Asen, Chávez, and Howard, spans an impressive breadth of rhetoric's theory. From opening paragraphs tracing Black's approach to rhetorical methodology (1–2) to ruminations from Johnstone on the ethics of rhetorical inquiry (17), the authors have done convincing work carving a space for their perspective into the landscape of rhetorical theory. At times, they effortlessly weave rhetoricians (Bitzer) alongside media scholars (Morley) and anthropologists (Marcus and Clifford). They incorporate into their map recent work that draws on the idea of the fıeld (Dickinson, Blair, and Ott; Brooks). Into this tapestry they weave snapshots of their own fıeldwork experiences. The volume is stronger because of its grounding in this multiplicity of perspective. It rightly suggests that without expanding methodological options, opportunities for rhetoricians to investigate "issues relating to power, inclusion and exclusion, multiple publics, and more" may be occluded (13). Some may bristle at this outlook. For example, in one early sentence, the authors situate rhetorical studies "as a humanities discipline or an interpretive social science" (4). Some may challenge the authors' suggestion in this


The thiamine diphosphate (ThDP)‐dependent enzyme 2‐succinyl‐5‐enolpyruvyl‐6‐hydroxy‐3‐cyclohexene‐1‐carboxylate synthase from Escherichia coli (EcMenD, E.C. 188.8.131.52) catalyzes the carboligation of α‐ketoglutarate (α‐KG) and various benzaldehyde derivatives with excellent chemo‐ as well as high R‐selectivity (enantiomeric excess (ee) >93 %) to yield chiral α‐hydroxy ketones. Based on the recently developed S‐pocket concept, we engineered S‐selective EcMenD variants by optimizing the steric properties and stabilization of the acceptor substrate in the S‐pocket. Moreover, the moderate S‐selectivity of the EcMenD variant I474A/F475G described recently for the carboligation of α‐KG and benzaldehyde (ee=75 %) could be improved by selective destabilization of the R‐pathway, which resulted in the variant I474A/F475G/R395Y (ee=85 % S). Subsequent investigation of the acceptor substrate range of this new variant revealed high S‐selectivity especially with meta‐substituted benzaldehydes, which gave access to 5‐hydroxy‐4‐oxo‐5‐arylpentanoates with excellent enantioselectivities of up to 99 % ee S. Thus, opening the S‐pocket and simultaneous destabilization of the R‐pathway provides a potential general new strategy to enhance the S‐selectivity of ThDP‐dependent enzymes.


A computational digital-pixel-sensor (DPS) VLSI with on-chip image processing circuits has been developed. A 64/spl times/32 DPS array and versatile rank-order filtering circuits are implemented. A newly proposed block-readout architecture is employed in the DPS memory in order to resolve the interconnection bottleneck between sensors and processing units. The data from the sensor array are read out in blocks and processed on the chip. As a result, this architecture enhances the performance of bit-serial digital signal processing. The paper also presents a versatile rank-order filtering circuit. The proposed rank-order filtering algorithm and reversed rank-order filtering algorithm are merged and implemented in a simplified circuit. The pixel-parallel seamless scan of filtering operations has been successfully realized.


The National Kidney Disease Education Program recommends using either the Cockcroft– Gault creatinine clearance (CLCG) or Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation when determining dosages of drugs that are primarily eliminated by the kidneys [1]. Both methods attempt to better predict creatinine clearance (CLCR) or glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by taking into account different variables such as age, weight, gender, race, and se‐ rum creatinine (SCr), however neither equation captures the key factor of paraplegia. Over time, individuals with paraplegia develop low SCr concentrations relative to their actual CLCR due to significantly reduced muscle mass as a result of chronic immobility and muscle atrophy. Both Cockcroft–Gault (CG) and MDRD formulas have SCr in their denominator in‐ versely proportional to CLCR or GFR, therefore low SCr in paraplegia would result in gross overestimation of their renal function. Based on falsely high CLCR or GFR, clinicians could potentially prescribe renally eliminated medications at dosages higher than recommended, resulting in undesirably high drug concentrations leading to drug toxicity and/or adverse drug reactions (ADRs). For example, supratherapeutic vancomycin and aminoglycosides (AG) serum concentrations, especially if combined with other nephrotoxic and/or ototoxic medications, could drastically increase the risk of nephrotoxicity and/or ototoxicity. This could be devastating to many individuals with paraplegia who have existing renal insuffi‐ ciency.


Objective This study aims at investigating the outcome of rubber band ligation of piles in an outpatient setting. Methods After taking an informed consent, 46 patients, 89% of them were males, mean age 52.5 years, with uncomplicated grade II-III piles were involved in the study. Rubber band ligation of piles was made by Pentax iScan gastroscope. The patients were followed up regularly to record any complication. Results Most of the patients (91.3%) need one session of treatment, 3 patients need 2 sessions, no more than 2 bands were used. Additionally, a relatively low percentage of patients recorded certain complication of the operation, on follow up. Conclusion High success rate, cost effectiveness and the simplicity of rubber band ligation as an outpatient procedure promote its use as the first line of treatment for first, second and early third degree hemorrhoids.


The use of multimode optical fibers in an interferometer to sense the strain imposed on the fiber was experimentally demonstrated. A phase shift of 2 × 10−4 rad with a 1.4‐m‐long optical fiber was measured. Use of low‐coherent light sources such as an LED to reduce fiber noise, improve performance, and simplify design of an optical‐hydrophone is discussed.


While the current reform efforts in Bangladesh require a substantive change in how science is taught, an equally substantive change is needed in the culture of professional practice. This study will, therefore, investigate how science teachers' learning in a professional learning community (PLC) influences the ways in which


We present an implementation of charged particle tracking with the cathode space charge effect included which is now openly available in the Bmad toolkit for charged particle simulations. Adaptive step size control is incorporated to improve the computational efficiency. We demonstrate its capability with a simulation of a DC gun and compare it with the well-established space charge code Impact-T.


RADAR plays a vital role in military applications since its origin in the 2nd world war. Recently it has been used in surface inception, health monitoring, infrastructure health monitoring, etc. In these applications, Ultra-wideband RADAR systems are more popular than traditional RADAR systems. Impulse RADAR is a special kind of ultra-wideband RADAR, which is mostly used for surface penetration, through-wall imaging, antimissile detection, anti-stealth technology, etc. because of its high resolution and low center frequency. Out of all these applications, impulse RADAR has been used intensively as a ground-penetrating RADAR for the detection of land mines, underlying pipelines, buried objects, etc. This report has attempted to provide the steps for designing the impulse ground penetrating RADAR (GPR) as well as provides the value of crucial parameters required in the design process of commercial GPR systems. Keywords—RADAR, Impulse RADAR, Ground Penetrating


To the Editor: I am writing in regard to the article "Relative Transmission of Ultrasound by Media Customarily Used for Phonophoresis" ( Phys Ther . 1992;72:142–148) by Michelle Cameron and Linda Monroe. Congratulations are due these authors on a clear, concise, and pertinent report. Their research on this topic is critical because it adds to the scientific base of knowledge required to justify our clinical practices.

As my colleagues and I routinely use 10% hydrocortisone (HC) cream in our clinic, we were concerned by Cameron and Monroe's finding that transmission of ultrasound through 10% HC cream was 0%. We therefore followed their suggestion of testing for transmission on our equipment using a 5-mm layer of HC cream covered by a layer of water on top of the sound head. Our results showed no agitation of the water.…

[ ARTICLE][1]

 [1]: /lookup/volpage/72/142?iss=2


The thermomechanical stresses acting between a nanotube and fullerenes encapsulated on it are computed. After a general formulation, based on elasticity, we have applied the analysis to [email protected](10,10) or [email protected](10,10) peapods finding stresses in the gigapascal range or vanishing, respectively. The analysis suggests that a thermal control could be used to produce smart fullerenes at nanotube systems, for example, as two-stage nanovectors for drug delivery.


Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) identified forty-five nutrient expressions as diagnostic norms from data colleted by surveying seventy-four sapota gardens in Karnataka and dividing the whole population into two sub-groups, namely, low and high yielding, during the year 2005-06. These expressions have shown higher variance and lower coefficient of variation found to have greater diagnostic precision, viz., N/K (0.989), Mg/N (0.264), N/Zn (0.117), Mg/K (0.258), Zn/K (8.609), S/Mg (0.666), Mg/Zn (0.031) etc. The Nutritional Balance Index indicated an overall imbalance of nutrients based on the sum of indices, irrespective of the sign. The diagnosis of nutrient imbalance through DRIS indices indicated that potassium, followed by nitrogen, was the most yieldlimiting nutrient among major nutrients and as were copper and zinc among micronutrients. In addition, five nutrient ranges were derived using mean and standard deviation as low, deficient, optimum, high and excess for each nutrient to serve as a guide for diagnostic purposes. Optimum N in the leaf ranged from 1.60 to 1.85%, P from 0.10 to 0.13%, K from 1.63 to 1.85%, Ca from 0.54 to 0.74%, Mg from 0.42 to 0.47% and S from 0.28 to 0.37%. Among micronutrients, optimum iron concentration in the leaf ranged from 113 to 161 ppm, Mn from 21-31 ppm, Zn from 14 to 17 ppm and Cu from 5 to 7 ppm for 'Criketball' variety of sapota.


What lies behind China's recent economic prosperity is the unexpected success and development of her township and village enterprises (TVEs). The proportion of China's total industrial output produced by the TVEs increased from 9 to 42% between 1978 and 1994. The incredible development of the TVEs, along with the declining in importance of the SOEs in recent years, undoubtedly suggests that the TVEs are the engine of growth of the Chinese economy, and their continuous success will have a tremendous impact on the economic development of China in and beyond the twenty-first century. What remains questionable, however, is whether or not this rapid development of the TVEs is at the same time exacerbating China's spatial disparity by encouraging inequality in productivity and production efficiency of these enterprises across different provinces. This study aims to answer this question by examining the changes in total factor productivity (TFP) of TVEs located in different provinces between 1988 and 1993 with particular reference to the corresponding spatial disparities of these changes. The Malmquist output based productivity index, which allows for the decomposition of productivity growth into changes in technical efficiency over time and shifts in technology over time, is the technique adopted here.


To the Editor.— Monilethrix is a dysplasia of the hair shaft; it is characterized by eliptical nodes separated by constricted internodes at which the medulla is lacking. The disease is uncommon; its mechanism of production is unknown; and up until the present, to our knowledge, no effective treatment had been known. In the last few years, tretinoin has become a common therapeutic modality. Its effectiveness has been proved in the treatment of a variety of different conditions such as acne comedonicus, 1 pseudoacanthosis nigricans, 2 Darier disease, 3 nevus comedonicus, 4 senile comedones, 5 trichostasis spinulosa, 6 steroid-induced acne 7 and in several kinds of icthiosis. 8 Other conditions for which tretinoin therapy has been used include psoriasis, 9 lichen planus, 10 and keratodermia 11 ; the effectiveness of tretinoin therapy in these cases must still be determined. Recently, we saw a patient with monilethrix, and we would like to report


The erosion pattern of the granular layer due to the collision of a vortex ring was investigated experimentally and numerically. We mainly focused on the erosion depth hmax and the position of the most deeply eroded surface of the granular layer, and their dependence on the size d of the granular material as well as on the strength of the vortex ring Reynolds number Re. Between a certain threshold strength of Re where erosion occurs and the highest Re tested in our experiment, the number of eroded depth, Nmax ≡ hmax/d, increases with Re. The position of the most deeply eroded contour, however, is found to be almost constant regardless of Re. These results are qualitatively reproduced by our numerical simulation.


The article deals with the management of security at sports venues in the context of EURO 2012. In the main, the formal and legal regulations constituting the framework for the management of a major sports event were analyzed. The paper uses the dogmatic-egalitarian method of research, which required the analysis of detailed legal regulations of this area. The dogmatic-exegetical method, required an in-depth analysis of organizational aspects in the context of the use of literature and doctrinal views, as well as analysis of the legal text. The article presents the personal views of the authors and cannot be interpreted as the position of any body, entity or institution.


The paper is concerned with high-resolution direction finding of coherent signals incident on ULA (Uniform Linear Array). We investigated 1) invalidation analysis of classical MUSIC (Multiple Signal Characteristics) in coherent signal parameter estimation; 2) number estimation of incident signals using DFT (Discrete Fourier Transform); 3) shift reference sensor method in reconstructing power matrix of incident signals and estimation of arrival angles. By simulating on computer, we draw conclusions 1) the algorithm present in the paper can perform high-resolution direction finding of coherent signals without reducing array effective aperture; 2) it can estimate number of incident signals accurately in low SNR (Signal Noise Ratio).


This paper highlights and discusses problems found when applying recent advanced statistical analysis techniques for polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) data to sea ice studies. Specifically, the resulting segments were not as solid as expected and the overall image still looked speckled and mixed. Possible causes are discussed and potential solutions are explored and demonstrated with real PolSAR images. A simple regional scale averaging seems to give promising results and ideas to avoid blurred boundaries are suggested.


In prefilled syringes (PFS) two words are namely Leachable and Extractable are becoming a centre for discussion in therapeutic protein produces to patients. So understanding and testing of leachable and extractable of prefilled syringe components is of utmost requirement in parental drug delivery formulation development.


In recent years, the international situation has been unpredictable, changes in the economic environment have profoundly affected people's psychological expectations, and the securities market has experienced different volatility, which brings challenges to the validity of the Fama-French three-factor model. Based on this model, this paper selects 20 stocks in the Chinese A-share market, divides them into six portfolios according to their size and book-to-market ratio, conducts a regression analysis of monthly returns from August 2017 to July 2022, and then verifies the explanatory power of the market factor, size factor, and book-to-market ratio factor on the excess returns of the stocks. The results demonstrated that the three factors can partially account for the variation in returns, with SMB having a more significant impact on small-cap companies and HML on firms with a high book-to-market ratio.


Prolonged in vitro culture of human embryos to the blastocyst
stage allows to improve the results of embryo transfer and does
not increase the risk of multiple pregnancy.


Hypothesis / aims of study Uterine prolapse is a common finding in postmenopausal women, but rarely seen in young women still wishing pregnancy. Laparoscopy is a mini-invasive approach to such pathology (1,2) and it is particularly advantageous if a conservative treatment of the uterus is wished (3,4,5). In our experience we treat this kind of pathology by laparoscopy fixing the uterus to the sacral promontory with a polypropylene mesh (sacral-hysteropexy). We have used sacral-hysteropexy in 23 cases: 10 patients became pregnant (8 of them reached the term of the pregnancy), only two of them had partial relapses after pregnancy not further surgically treated. All deliveries took place through cesarean section. Hereafter we are describing the surgical technique.


There is a strong need to prevent the heat island effect. One of the important countermeasures to the heat island effect is to reduce thermal storage in buildings. The highly reflective material on outer walls and roofs is a significant way to prevent heat from penetrating indoors; such materials have been installed on the surface of buildings in Osaka, Japan. To evaluate the solar reflectance of such highly reflective material, we measured the solar reflectance of reflective roofing sheets installed on the building roofs in Osaka, Japan, over a span of time from February 2010 until September 2011, and examined the change in solar reflectance during this time.


Life in England before the Industrial Revolution cast iron steam power wrought iron industries grow around the ironworks towards a revolution in transport the new iron age moves on.


Analytical interest in nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs) is related to their high mutagenicity and potential presence in a variety of environmental media such as diesel exhaust and urban air particulate matter. Furthermore, fundamental interest in these molecular systems stems from the photophysics,of the labile NO2 functional group, which has been investigated using mass spectrometry. The nitro- PAHs, 1-nitronaphthalene, 9-nitroanthracene, and 1-nitropyrene, have been studied using both femtosecond (lambda = 395 and 790 nm) and nanosecond (lambda = 266 nm) lasers coupled to a reflectron time of flight mass spectrometer. Analysis of mass spectra taken over a range of intensities (10(14)-10(15) W/cm(2)) has demonstrated that structurally specific ions can be observed. for each molecule, with little or no fragmentation at lower intensities. It has also been found that an intact parent ion can be detected using femtosecond ionization at 395 mn in each case. This work demonstrates the potential use of laser desorption/femtosecond laser mass spectrometry (LD/FLMS) as an analytical technique for the detection of nitro-PAHs and other environmental pollutants and as a means of studying the photodynamics of labile molecular systems


OBJECTIVE
We isolated Pseudomonas strains from soil samples collected from Changsha, Hunan province, catalogued them and studied the antimicrobial and antitumor activity.

METHODS
We isolated Pseudomonas strains from soil samples through Galleria bait method, identified and catalogued the isolated strains according to morphological observation, physiological and biochemical characteristics and the homologous analysis of 16S rRNA sequences of nucleotides. Antimicrobial, antagonistic fungi and anti-tumor activities were studied by diffusion plate assay, dual-culture assay and cytotoxicity test respectively.

RESULTS
We isolated 5 Pseudomonas strains from vegetable field and forest land of Changsha suburb, catalogued and named them as Pseudomonas protegens CY01, Pseudomonas chlororaphis CY02, Pseudomonas oryzihabitans CY04, Pseudomonas sp. CY05 and Pseudomonas putida CY06 respectively. P. protegens CY01 and P. chlororaphis CY02 have antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtillis and Staphylococcus aureus. P. chlororaphis CY02 has antagonistic activity against Pyricularia oryzae and anti-tumor cell activity against mouse melanoma B16 cells.

CONCLUSION
The isolated P. chlororaphis CY02 has a significant effect on pathogenic bacteria, Pyricularia oryzae and tumor cells.


The present article is generally dealing with the political situation of Athos at the end of the nineteenth century and more particularly with the circumstantial examination and analysis of the ecclesiastical disputes of 1883-1884 between the greek and russian monks of the monastery of Iviron and the skete of Prophitis Helias, attached to the monastery of Pandokrator. The author is extracting information from precious and unpublished reports of the British consul Charles Blunt in Thessaloniki and documments written by greek monks, presently conserved in the Archives of the Public Records Office.


This entry discusses the selection and management of serials in libraries. It provides an overview of the process of serials collection and management as well as current issues and controversies. Relevant definitions are provided as well as a brief history of serials management. Focus is on recent developments (standards, technologies) and their impact. Selection, acquisition, access, processing (including cataloging), maintenance, preservation, and weeding of serials in all formats are covered and important players in each process are identified


Connectivity in ecology deals with the problem of how species dispersal will happen given actual landscape and species presence/absence over such landscape. Hence it can be considered a forward (ahead in time) scientific problem. I observe here that a backward theory of connectivity could be of deep interest as well: given the actual species presence/absence on the landscape, where with the highest probability such species is coming from? In other words, can we trace biotic dispersals back in time? Recently I have introduced a modelling and theoretical approach to ecological connectivity that is alternative to circuit theory and is able to fix the weak point of the "from-to" connectivity approach. The proposed approach holds also for mountain and hilly landscapes. In addition, it doesn't assume any intention for a species to go from source points to sink ones, because the expected path for the species is determined locally (pixel by pixel) by landscape features. In this paper, I introduce a new theoretical and modelling approach called "backward flow connectivity". While flow connectivity predicts future species dispersal by minimizing at each step the potential energy due to fictional gravity over a frictional landscape, backward flow connectivity does exactly the opposite, i.e. maximizes potential energy at each step sending back the species to higher levels of potential energy due to fictional gravity on the frictional landscape. Using backward flow connectivity, one has at hand a new tool to revert timeline of species dispersal, hence being able to trace backward biotic dispersals. With few modifications, the applications of backward flow connectivity can be countless, for instance tracing back-in-time not only plants and animals but also ancient human migrations and viral paths.


Abstract Myxobolus cerebralis, the cause of whirling disease in salmonids, has dispersed to waters in 25 states within the USA, often by an unknown vector. Its incidence in Yellowstone cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri within the highly protected environment of Yellowstone Lake, Yellowstone National Park, is a prime example. Given the local abundances of piscivorous birds, we sought to clarify their potential role in the dissemination of M. cerebralis. Six individuals from each of three bird species (American white pelican Pelecanus erythrorhynchos, double-crested cormorant Phalacrocorax auritus, and great blue heron Ardea herodias) were fed known-infected or uninfected rainbow trout O. mykiss. Fecal material produced during 10-d periods before and after feeding was collected to determine whether M. cerebralis could be detected and, if so, whether it remained viable after passage through the gastrointestinal tract of these birds. For all (100%) of the nine birds fed known-infected fish, fecal ...


Ultrasound (US) is an economical, non-ionizing, transferable, and adaptable imaging technique which have a major role in diagnosing the diseases and in image guided surgery. But due to higher frequency absorbed by tissue and skin it cannot penetrate deeply in comparison to lower frequency. So, it gives degraded quality image by echo signals and we get an inferior quality noisy image with some clinical information loss. There are various filters which despeckle the noisy US image and preserve the clinical details. In this paper, we compare the performance of four despeckle filters: Median filter, Lee Filter, Frost Filter, and Speckle Reducing Anisotropic Diffusion (SRAD) Filter in terms of peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity index measure (SSIM) performance index. We have selected two parameters as: window size (3x3, 5x5, 7x7, for all iteration number 10) and number of iteration (20, 30, 40, for all window size 3x3) for performance comparison. Finally, we have seen that SRAD filter is more efficient for removing Speckle noise in comparison to other stated filters, but the performance of median filter is also good enough for speckle noise reduction.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to argue that intersubjective experiences, governed by various dimensions of space, and induced actions are invaluable to invisible public administrators. Knowledge of these experiences holds the keys to good public administration practice and theory building.Design/methodology/approach – This paper seeks to establish various dimensions for cultivating space in public organizations. These dimensions are related to intersubjective experiences.Findings – The development and refining of methods, including reflection, reflexivity, hermeneutics, and dialectics, to enrich intersubjective experiences, is found to be essential.Practical implications – As organizational realities change, the administrative understandings of intersubjective experiences will have to evolve.Originality/value – Knowledge of the invisible administrator and intersubjective experiences has not been accorded enough research importance.


Despite the current financial crisis, accounting and finance programmes in UK have remained popular. Finance undergraduate teaching in accounting degrees is a significant component of the degree and relies heavily on Modern Finance Theory (MFT). Some of the developments in the finance curricula are critically examined. It is argued that current finance education should become more reflective and more heterodox in approach as the current curricula is biased towards techniques based on neoclassical theory. Suggestions are given for improvement of the curricula which will allow the narrow assumptions of neoclassical theory to be widened. These involve students taking into account not only the structures and patterns of finance but also the processes which are created by human experiences as part of their interactions as well as what helps to make these processes


Mega-sporting events often contribute to both financial and nonfinancial aspects of a destination. Nonetheless, several problematic issues (e.g. risk/safety issues, high travel costs, and online broadcasting) require a hosting destination focusing more on marketing and promotion strategies to boost event attendance. As such, this study aims to understand the optimal bundling package strategy for a mega-sporting event by investigating the effect of customers' life cycle stage on their preferences in purchasing an event-related package. Several event package features used in this study are important determinants of mega-sporting event participation. More important, respondents in different family life cycle stages showed different levels of sensitivity to each package attribute, thereby constructing different preferences. The result of this study would be useful information for designing more attractive mega-sporting event packages and/or target marketing strategies focusing on different life stages.


The invention relates to an apparatus (1) for slidable mechanisms, such as sliding gates or sliding doors. In order to permit a compact and nevertheless stable construction of the apparatus (1), it is provided according to the invention that the apparatus (1) has a supporting and retaining element (2) and a shorter running rail (3) and also a longer running rail (4), wherein rolling elements (5) and/or sliding elements, via which the shorter running rail (3) is movable, are provided on the supporting and retaining element (2), and wherein further rolling elements (6) and/or sliding elements, via which the longer running rail (4) is movable, are provided on the shorter running rail (3) and, if appropriate, on the supporting and retaining element (2).


Detailed synthetic efforts aimed at incorporating Y/rare-earth ions (RE) into the 110 K superconducting phase (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 +δ indicate that it is not stable in the presence of even small amounts of Y/RE. The products invariably contain Bi-2212, with Y/RE substituting partially or fully at Ca-sites, as the major phase, but no measurable amounts of Bi(Pb)-2223 phase. We suggest that this is due to a combination of both thermodynamic and kinetic factors; formation rates of 2223 are very slow at the best of times but, in the presence of rare earths, the Bi-2223:RE phase is thermodynamically less stable than an assemblage containing 2212:RE as the main phase. The complete disappearance of the 2223 phase (viz. Bi1.7Pb0.3Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 +δ) upon reaction with Bi2Sr2YCu2O8 +δ to give non-superconducting Bi2Sr2(Ca,Y)Cu2O8 +δ further supports our conclusion.


PURPOSE
Irinotecan given until disease progression is an accepted standard treatment for advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) resistant to fluoropyrimidines. It is not known whether a predefined period of irinotecan treatment would result in similar duration of disease control. We performed a multicenter phase III trial to compare the two policies of defined-duration versus continuous irinotecan treatment.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
Three hundred thirty-three eligible patients with advanced CRC progressing on or within 24 weeks of completing fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy were prospectively registered. After receiving eight cycles of irinotecan given at 350 mg/m2 once every 3 weeks, 55 patients with responding or stable disease were randomly assigned to stop irinotecan (n = 30) or continue until disease progression (n = 25). Registered patients were not randomly assigned predominantly due to disease progression (n = 236) and intolerable toxicity (n = 38).

RESULTS
From the time of random assignment, there were no differences in failure-free survival (P = .999) or overall survival (P = .11) between the two arms. No difference was seen in mean global health status quality-of-life score between the two arms at 12 weeks after random assignment. No grade 3 diarrhea and febrile neutropenia was seen in the continue-irinotecan arm after random assignment.

CONCLUSION
For most patients, the decision to continue on irinotecan beyond 24 weeks is influenced by disease progression or treatment-related toxicity. However, for 17% of patients in whom this decision is clinically relevant, there seems to be little benefit from continuing irinotecan, though the drug was well tolerated without any deterioration in quality of life.


In order to find better planting density of Jatropha curcas L.in mountain region and obtained more biomass,the growth condition of Jatropha curcas L on plant height,ground diameter,branch number and crown diameter were analyzed The results showed that planting density of 1m×1m was the best one for vegetative growth of annual Jatropha curcas L in mountain region.The planting density should be properly reduced to obtain seeds yield.


for the Articles for the Review Issue are high-impact scholarly surveys of important group and team research literatures. They summarize recent research, provide integration across disciplines, emphasize theory, and highlight important directions for future inquiries. The Review Issue is open to all areas of group and team research, including research methods and group-based learning activities. in of theory, enduring issues where reviews can reveal future areas of attention, levels of analysis issues, or improvements in methodological approaches, and (b) explore the topic, theory, or method across disciplines. Manuscripts by a team of


Original Research Article Introduction: Viral infections, especially those caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B and that of human immunodeficiency HIV, are common in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis. Objectives: to determine the prevalence of anti-HCV, anti-HIV and HBs antigen antibodies in chronic hemodialysis patients in the nephrology and hemodialysis department of the UHC Point G. Methodology: This was a retrospective study, carried out from January 1 to December 31, 2015 in the nephrology and hemodialysis service of the UHC Point G. Were included, all chronic hemodialysis patients for 3 months and more having carried out viral serologies of hepatitis B, C and HIV. Results: We collected 45 patients, the female sex represented 57.8% with a sex ratio of 0.73. The average age was 37.61 years with extremes of 16 and 78 years. The detection of anti HCV, anti HIV and HBs antigen antibodies was positive in 4, 9 and 2 patients, respectively, with prevalence rates of 9%, 20% and 4%, respectively. The prevalence of hepatitis C was higher in patients whose duration on dialysis is between 3-6 years (p = 0.021), (see Table-1). The prevalence of HIV infection was also correlated with the duration of hemodialysis greater than 1 year for HIV (p = 0.010). We found two cases of hepatitis B and C coinfection and one case of hepatitis B and HIV coinfection. Blood transfusion was performed in 95.5% of the patients. On multivariate analysis, there was no statistically significant relationship between blood transfusion and these different viral infections [HCV (p = 0.647), HBV (p = 0.289), HIV (p = 0.752)]. Conclusion: this study has highlighted the frequency of viral infections with hepatitis B, C and HIV in our hemodialysis patients. They must be prevented by rigorous control of the blood transfusion circuit, strict observance of hygiene rules and the recruitment of qualified personnel and in sufficient numbers.


Based upon the current hydroelectric power price system and the loan capability estimating of hydroelectric construction project, the reasonably water price and power price programs are analysed. It also estimates the loan limit and the amount of capital required by the project during proposed period of water and power price and loan paying period under different loan payment situations in order to decide the financing program and provide basis for investors.


Two furazan macrocyclic compounds 3,47,811,1215, 16-tetrafurazan-1,5,9,13-tetrazocyclohexadecane (TATF) and 3,47,811,1215,16-tetrafurazan-1,9-dioxazo-5,13-diazocyclohexadecane (DOATF) were synthesized by using 3,4-diaminofurazan(DAF) . The structures were characterized by FTIR,NMR,MS and elemental analysis. The standard enthalpy (ΔH0_f) of formation of TATF and DOATF were calculated to be 4526.0 kJ·kg -1 and 4144.2 kJ·kg -1 respectively. These two compounds all have excellent detonation performance with detonation velocity to be 8150 m·s -1 and 8180 m·s -1 , detonation pressure to be 29.5 GPa and 29.2 GPa. Using TATF or DOATF as energetic component to substitute 20% of HMX in certain NEPE propellant,the energy pulse of two furazan-base propellants was calculated to be 252.5 s and 276.2 s respectively.


To determine levels of lead and chromium impregnation among a community not occupationally exposed to these metals, in the southeast of Alicante province, Spain. Material and methods: A total of 85 teeth were studied, taken from 49 males and 36 females. The parameters considered in all cases were: sex, age, residential zone, profession, type of tooth, weights of crown and root in the case of each tooth, and lead and chromium levels in crown and root. The metals were quantified by acid digestion in an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Results and conclusion: Average concentrations of lead and chromium were 0.547 and 0.098 μg/g for crown and 1.013 and 0.106 μg/g for root, respectively. Age was the only variable studied which showed a statistically significant correlationship with lead concentrations in both root and crown, and with chromium in root. Lead concentration in crown was the only parameter related to place of residence (urban or rural). The fact that lead levels were shown to give statistically differing values depending on whether or not concentrations were corrected according to the weight of the crown or root, should be noted.


Currently, National Health Accounts specialists are facing the problem of attributing new cost items related to the treatment and prevention of the spread of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infection. The current international methodology developed in 2011 by OECD, WHO, and EuroStat specialists "A System of Health Accounts 2011" does not provide approaches to the attribution of health care costs aimed at preventing the pandemic. In this regard, there is an urgent need to review the basic approaches to the formation of costs in the Methodology and the construction of the National Health Accounts for 2021 already taking into account these costs. This article provides ways to address this problem and suggestions for including costs associated with treating and preventing the spread of coronavirus in the structure tables of the National Health Accounts. Keywords: National Health Accounts, pandemic, COVID-19


In this paper,we consider the speed of convergence of the threshold version of bipower variation for a semimaxtingale,which is driven by a standard Brownian motion and a pure jump Levy process with possibly infinite activity of the small jumps.


Background: As per the International Diabetes Federation statistics 2019, about 463 million people aged between 20-79 years have diabetes, in which mortality of 1.6 million individuals have been recorded each year, especially in developing and economically impoverished countries. Despite the people's equal access to basic facilities of appropriate healthcare systems and lifesaving drugs, it is desirable to accelerate the identification and development of natural drug candidates, prophylactically and therapeutically promising against the disease, thereby strengthening universal health coverage of Sustainable Development Goals. Materials and Methods: The research aims to identify natural inhibitor molecules targeting dipeptidyl peptidase 4 using docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies followed by metabolism and biological activity prediction. Data set of sixteen natural molecules considered to perform molecular interaction studies using AutoDock Tools. Results: Sitagliptin exhibited stronger binding (ΔG: -8.63 kcal/mol, Ki: 10.12 μM) with dipeptidyl peptidase 4 among their all-known inhibitors. Among natural compounds, apigenin, bromelain, cholecalciferol, isoimperatorin, luteolin, neohesperidin, oleanoic acid depicted excellent binding affinities with the target in comparison to sitagliptin as reflected by their ΔG (> -9 kcal/mol) values. The top two ligands-neohesperidin (ΔG: -9.86 kcal/mol) and bromelain (-9.79 kcal/mol), and the known drug sitagliptin was selected for molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to assess stabilities of their docked complexes. Conclusion: Post analysis of MD study, CYP450 metabolism prediction and biological activity spectrum identification favour the antidiabetic potential of bromelain.


Today's democratic society is characterized by neo-liberalism, globalization and multiculturalism. Is this society really free and open as it presents itself, or can we still find there western centrism - and hence the Other - but in a veiled form? In this 'liberal' society and its globalization, fashion is also globalized. But can we call this fashion, such as fashion lines of Alexander McQueen, 'global', and if we can, how is it expressed? Is this fashion 'a fashion without borders' n amalgam of equally mixed world fashions, or is it something else? Who decides what fashion is going to be declared global and enter the global archive? Historically, arts and applied arts including fashion, have always spoken from the context of their culture, society, political discourse etc and have consciously or unconsciously always played an active role in constructing and maintaining social order and values. So, global fashion also has a role in maintaining the system it works in - the neoliberal order.


Typesetting values with units requires care to ensure that the combined mathematical meaning of the value plus unit combination is clear. In particular, the SI units system lays down a consistent set of units with rules on how these are to be used. However, different countries and publishers have differing conventions on the exact appearance of numbers (and units). The siunitx package provides a set of tools for authors to typeset numbers and units in a consistent way. The package has an extended set of configuration options which make it possible to follow varying typographic conventions with the same input syntax. The package includes automated processing of numbers and units, and the ability to control tabular alignment of numbers.


The electronic ground states of UAl/sub 2/, NpAl/sub 2/ and PuAl/sub 2/ have been determined by band theory techniques. These calculations indicate that both actinide d-f hybridization and spin-orbit coupling are important in these systems. Using a new scheme for obtaining the paramagnon parameters for UAl/sub 2/ it is shown that calculated and experimentally derived 5f band width are consistent. The fact that orbital angular momentum may not be quenched in these systems is suggested as a possible mechanism for damping spin-fluctuations in NpAl/sub 2/ and PuAl/sub 2/.


carcinomas is possible. The oncological results are as good as after conventional partial laryngeal resection. The ftmctional results after endoscopic resection of carcinomas of the vocal cord are better than after conventional vertical partial resection. Deglutition is much better after endoscopic resection of supraglottic carcinomas than after supraglottic laryngectomy. The indications, the limitations, the laser surgical equipment and the operative techniques are described. The results will be presented in a subsequent publication.


The principal aim of this study is to prepare the one-dimensional nanostructured TiO2 by a simple hydrothermal method with high quality (high crystallinity, surface area, thermal stability, photocatalytic activity, and dye-sensitized solar cell). One-dimensional nanostructured TiO2 was synthesized by hydrothermal method at 80-150 C for 12-72 h. The samples were then characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, HRTEM, and BET surface area. The results clearly showed that the prepared nanostructured TiO2 was the promising candidate to serve as the materials in dye-sensitized solar cells and H2 production from water reaction applications.


STARNET is an optical wavelength-division-multiplexed computer communication network that offers each user both a circuit-switched subnetwork and a packer-switched subnetwork. The authors constructed an experimental STARNET node transceiver. The transceiver uses one integrated phase and amplitude modulator to transmit 125 Mb/s amplitude-modulated packet-switched data and 2.488 Gb/s phase modulated circuit-switched data using the same lightwave. The transmitter has an output power of 5 dBm at 1.32 mu m. The receiver recovers the circuit-switched and packet-switched data using heterodyne detection and has a sensitivity of -25 dBm. The resulting system power budget is 30 dB.<<ETX>>


Temporal narrowing of the optical pulse in an E-beam excited high-pressure xenon laser substantiates the evidence of laser oscillations in molecular xenon reported earlier. Using a hole coupled output mirror, an energy of 0.1J was measured in a calorimeter; this corresponds to a peak power of 10 MW demonstrating that a high-power laser in the vacuum ultraviolet has been achieved.


The purpose of this research was to find out the effectiveness of
Improvisational Exercise technique in teaching English vocabulary. This research
used quasi experimental research and the subjects were 60 students which was
divided into two groups/classes, namely control class and experimental class. The
experimental class (VIIIB) was treated using improvisational exercise technique and
the control class (VIIIA) was not. The teaching materials of this research were
recount and narrative text. The instrument of collecting the data was test. There were
two tests, pre-test was given before the treatment and post-test was given after the
treatment. The result of t-test analysis showed that it was higher than t-table value
with degree of freedom (df) 58 at level significance 0.05 (3.5179 > 1.6715). Besides
that, the the mean score of experimental class in the post-test was higher than control
class (76.22 > 69.11). Based on the study result, the study showed that
improvisational exercise was effective for teaching vocabulary, especially in
meaning aspect, word classes and word use aspect.


Can a Shakespeare course effectively historicize and challenge Shakespeare's deployment in U.S. educational contexts "as an instrument of white racial consolidation and non-white marginalization"? Demeter offers a concise summary of Shakespeare's positioning as the pinnacle of "universal" white, Western cultural values before detailing a course that combines Richard III, Henry IV Part I, and Othello with responses to Shakespeare's works by black artists such as James Baldwin, August Wilson, Toni Morrison, and Djanet Sears. Though he hoped that placing African-American literature and Shakespeare "on equal footing" would provoke critical interrogations of Shakespeare's privileged place in the literary canon, Demeter finds Shakespeare's whiteness and universality difficult myths to dismantle, and offers his ambivalent experience as a way to frame key questions about the relation between Shakespeare pedagogy and social justice.


ABSTRACT Minerals, although required in relatively small amounts, play crucial roles in many vital processes of the human body, and their deficiency can cause several serious health issues. Seaweeds and seagrasses, traditionally consumed as vegetables in coastal areas worldwide, are generally known as a rich source of macro- and microminerals in concentrations much higher than in terrestrial plants. Despite their significant nutritional potential, the mineral composition of most of the seaweeds and seagrasses remains unexplored. In the present study, the concentrations of 23 minerals in nine seaweeds and seagrasses from the Philippines were determined using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. The results showed that some of the species are excellent sources of various essential minerals. Actinotrichia fragilis and Mastophora rosea were the highest in calcium content (21,511 and 14,100 mg/100 g DM, respectively), and, together with Anadyomene plicata, they were richest in copper (2.49–3.77 mg/100 g DM), iron (292–480 mg/100 g DM), manganese (22.3–27.2 mg/100 g DM), and nickel (1.49–2.93 mg/100 g DM). Moreover, M. rosea had the highest content of magnesium (2,093 mg/100 g DM). Other species, such as Enhalus acoroides (phosphorus in flowers and seeds, 277 and 282 mg/100 g DM, respectively), Halophila ovalis (silicon, 13.8 mg/100 g DM), Halymenia dilatata (zinc, 5.51 mg/100 g DM), Halymenia maculata (sulphur, 8,268 mg/100 g DM) and Portieria hornemannii (potassium, 8,985 mg/100 g DM; vanadium, 2.90 mg/100 g DM) can be highlighted as good sources of minerals. All these species have a promising potential as mineral-rich foods and can contribute to food and nutrition security.


Abstract Ozone treatment and high-voltage pulsed discharge treatment have been performed to purify waste water at several places of sedimentation tanks in Sasebo city. Experimental results suggest that ozone treatment is effective for decreasing the number of colon bacillus and the bacteria count; however, ozone treatment is not very effective for decreasing chemical oxygen demand (COD). Pulsed discharge treatment is not very effective for decreasing both bacteria count and COD. On the other hand, ozone treatment together with pulsed discharge treatment is effective for decreasing not only bacteria count, but also COD. This may be due to the effect of hydroxyl radicals that have stronger oxidizing and bleaching effects than ozone. These results suggest that advanced oxidation processes can be applied effectively to ozone treatment together with pulsed discharge treatment.


A theory of the time evolution of the vibrational state of the lattice following an instantaneous excitation of a localized electronic state is presented for a simple model permitting both, the formal exact (in the basis of the deformed lattice states) and the second order generalized master equation (GME) treatment. The Nakajima-Zwanzig form of the GME is used. The resulting integro-differential equations are solved exactly by the generating function method (novel in this context) and the physical contents of the solution are discussed.

Eine Theorie der Zeitentwicklung des Vibrationszustands des Gitters nach der plotzlichen Anregung eines lokalisierten Elektronenzustands wird fur ein einfaches Modell angegeben, das sowohl die formal exakte Behandlung (mit den Zustanden des deformierten Gitters als Basis) erlaubt, als auch die Anwendung der "Generalized Master Equation" (GME) zweiter Ordnung, fur welche die Nakajima-Zwanzig-Form benutzt wird. Die sich ergebenden Integro-Differential-Gleichungen werden exakt nach der Methode der erzeugenden Funktion gelost (neu in diesem Zusammenhang). Der physikalische Gehalt der Losungen wird diskutiert.


This paper provides several definitions of efficiency measures in the price space. Economic and scale aspects of inefficiency are considered to give empirical content to the measurement of efficiency when the production technology is described by cost functions models. It shows, in the Hanoch's symmetric duality approach, how the new definitions preserve the ranking of efficiency, are formally dually symmetric to the ones defined in the input space, and both are established with respect to different descriptions of the same technology. In addition, graphical procedures are utilized to make an insight into the achievement of polar technologies from primal ones and into the relationship between Shephard's lemma and Roy's identity.


The notion of disease-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (da-SNP), as determined in genome-wide association studies (GWAS), is relevant for many complex pathologies, including cancers. It appeared that da-SNPs are not only markers of causal genetic variation but may contribute to the disease development through an influence on gene expression levels. We argue that understanding this possible functional role of da-SNPs requires to consider their embedding in the tridimensional (3D) multi-scale organization of the human genome. We then focus on the potential impact of da-SNPs on chromatin loops and recently observed topologically associating domains (TADs). We show that for some diseases and cancer types, da-SNPs are over-represented in the borders of these topological domains, in a way that cannot be explained by an increased exon density. This analysis of the distribution of da-SNPs within the 3D genome organization suggests candidate loci for further experimental investigation of the mechanisms u...


Abstract An inheritance dispute heard before one of the chiefs' courts established in Asante under indirect rule illustrates the multivalent, dynamic character of social institutions at a time of economic and political transition. Litigated in 1951, the dispute raised questions about the meaning of 'family' and 'belonging', and their significance for people's access to wealth and their obligations to one another. Played out against a backdrop of potentially far-reaching social and political change in Ghana and beyond, cases such as this one suggest that terms such as 'belonging' and 'family' are best understood as labels for complex social processes, rather than facts that determine people's social identities and entitlements.


Twin-field quantum key distribution (TF-QKD) can overcome the fundamental rate-loss limit in the point-to-point QKD without a quantum repeater and achieve high key rates over long distances. However, TF-QKD protocol and its variants commonly use weak coherent pulses (WCPs) as light sources. The vacuum part of WCP accounts for a large proportion, resulting in the lower photon detection rate of the communication receiver, which leads to a shorter transmission distance of the secret key. In this paper, we propose an active-decoy TF-QKD protocol with heralded single-photon source (HSPS), which can achieve higher key rate and longer transmission distance than the active-decoy TF-QKD protocol with WCPs. Also, in order to resist the side channel attacks caused by actively modulating intensity of the pulses, we propose a passive-decoy TF-QKD protocol with HSPS to enhance the security, which can perform almost as good as the active-decoy TF-QKD protocol with WCPs.


A physical chromosome mapping of the H1 histone and 5S and 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes was performed in interspecific hybrids of Pseudoplatystoma corruscans and P. reticulatum. The results showed that 5S rRNA clusters were located in the terminal region of 2 chromosomes. H1 histone and 18S ribosomal genes were co-localized in the terminal portion of 2 chromosomes (distinct from the chromosomes bearing 5S clusters). These results represent the first report of association between H1 histone and 18S genes in fish genomes. The chromosome clustering of ribosomal and histone genes was already reported for different organisms and suggests a possible selective pressure for the maintenance of this association.


The interaction of intense ultrasound with bacteria has implications for improving fundamental understanding in biology and bioacoustics, as well as providing possible applications in water purification and medicine. An investigation will be presented of the effects of acoustic cavitation on E.coli bacteria that have been genetically engineered to emit visible light when subjected to physical or chemical stress. Genetic cloning techniques allow the placement of the lux gene, derived from luminescent marine microorganisms, at specific locations in bacterial DNA. Each placement location yields light production in proportion to the repair mechanism employed by the bacteria in response to specific kinds of stress (oxidative damage, DNA damage, membrane damage, protein damage, thermal damage, etc.). A 20‐MHz passive acoustic detector [abstract, Huertas et al., 2856 (1994)] was used to quantify cavitational activity when bacteria were exposed to 1‐MHz pulsed ultrasound. By comparing a measure of cavitational ac...


In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, Congress introduced foreclosure moratorium. We show that this moratorium stabilizes the housing market, lowers the Loan-to-value ratio (LTV) of households, reduces their refinancing costs, and increases equity extraction. We estimate that the moratorium prevented around 968,505 foreclosures filings and house price drops up to 9% of realized house prices, in the period of April through October 2020. Using loan-level data on government sponsored enterprise (GSE) mortgages originated since the onset of the pandemic, we estimate that the moratorium helps 22% of households cash out more house equity by an additional $15,371 per loan. We find that the refinancing cost is greatly reduced for 50% of the households with low credit scores, which on average save $15,500 in interest payments over the tenure of the mortgage. Our results highlight that prompt mortgage forbearance prevents foreclosure shocks from propagating and amplifying through the refinancing channel to a wide range of households.


In this paper we study the Fock representation of a certain *-algebra which appears naturally in the framework of quantum group theory. It is also a generalization of the twisted CCR-algebra introduced by W. Pusz and S. Woronowicz. We prove that the Fock representation is a faithful irreducible representation of the algebra by bounded operators in a Hilbert space, and, moreover, it is the only (up to unitary equivalence) representation possessing these properties.


The wind turbine operating area can be divided into several regions, depending on wind speed. Transition from fixed speed to variable speed wind turbines has been a significant element in the Wind energy technology improvements. This has allowed adapting the turbine rotational speed to the wind speed variations with the aim of optimizing the aerodynamic efficiency. In this paper, a multivariable control strategy based on model predictive control (MPC) techniques for the control of variable-speed variable-pitch wind turbines is introduced. The main advantages of the proposed controller are that it is easily adaptable for different conditions in addition to its very fast response. The proposed control strategy is described for the two operating regions of the wind turbine, i.e. both partial and full load regimes. Pitch angle and generator torque are controlled simultaneously to maximize the captured energy and smooth the power generated while reducing the pitch actuator activity. Simulation results show an excellent performance in improving the transition from power optimization to power limitation of the wind turbine.


The paper discusses the mechanical properties of AIREX R82.80 used in TR08 Transrapid Maglev train.The equation of elasticity modulus and strength is given for the rigid polymer foam.Tension,compression and shear strength and elastic modulus of ROHACELL 71S foam are higher than those of AIREX R82.80 in the tests.


Blockchain technology has been acquiring pace in deployments and implementations across globe vide association with large number of domains apart from widely known finance domain. These deployments are variegated in designs, have various architectures and possess functional differences. The commonality exists in deriving the benefits of blockchain technology through various technical variants of the widely known bitcoin blockchain architecture. Though still in evolving stage, the blockchain technology has been able to make an absolute mark in the industries, corporate and governance mechanisms to affirm that it's part of a definite future. With devices estimate up to 50 billion in ecosystem of Internet-of-Things by 2025, the blockchain technology is soon going to be an integral part of future smart world. The deployment of any blockchain architecture might be able to accomplish the functional requirements as per design but the measurement of desired blockchain performance persists on a lot of parameters which need a balance and fine tuning established on purpose it has been designed for. In current times, transaction commit delays are being observed in bitcoin ecosystem. This paper identifies parameter effects on a bitcoin blockchain and measures the performance vide a bitcoin simulator effecting into tuning parameters like block size, blocks and number of nodes to analyze performance. The tuning effects into blockchain performance has been quantified, analyzed and discussed with focus on measuring and reducing the transaction propagation delays in a bitcoin environment. The paper concludes with heat map modeling plotted on Jupyter notebook with datasets derived.