BACKGROUND
Microbial translocation from the gut to circulation contributes to immune activation during HIV infection and is usually assessed by measuring plasma levels of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Gut fungal colonization increases during HIV infection and elevated systemic levels of the fungal polysaccharide (13)--D-Glucan (DG) have been reported in people living with HIV (PLWH). We assessed plasma DG in 146 early and chronic PLWH and investigated its contribution to systemic immune activation.

METHODS
Cross-sectional and longitudinal assessment of plasma DG levels were conducted along with markers of HIV disease progression, epithelial gut damage, bacterial translocation, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and DG-specific receptor expression on monocytes and NK cells.

RESULTS
Plasma DG levels were elevated during early and chronic HIV infection and persisted despite long-term ART. DG increased over 24-months without ART (p=0.01) but remained unchanged after 24-months of treatment (p>0.99). DG correlated negatively with CD4 T-cell count (r=-0.252; p<0.001), and positively with time to ART initiation (r=0.254; p=0.04), viral load (r=0.350; p=0.002), I-FABP (r=0.384; p=0.001), LPS (r=0.267; p<0.001), and sCD14 (r=0.388; p=0.001). Elevated DG correlated positively with IDO-1 enzyme activity (r=0.345; p=0.004), Tregs frequency (r=0.410; p=0.006), activated CD38+HLA-DR+ CD4 (r=0.652; p<0.001) and CD8 T-cells (r=0.687; p<0.001), and negatively with Dectin-1 (r=-0.474; p=0.01) and NKp30 (r=-0.614; p=0.009) expression on monocytes and NK cells, respectively.

CONCLUSION
PLWH have elevated plasma DG in correlation with markers of disease progression, gut damage, bacterial translocation and inflammation. Early ART initiation prevents further DG increase. This fungal antigen contributes to immune activation and represents a potential therapeutic target to prevent non-AIDS events.


The invention relates to a novel imidazole compound (represented as the formula I) and salt thereof. It is proved by the experiment that the novel imidazole compound and the salt of the compound can inhibit growth of cancer cells and are used for preparation of antineoplastic drugs.


In laboratory experiments, the effect of food composition and body temperature on digestive efficiency was investigated in the lizard Iguana iguana on Curaçao (Netherlands Antilles). In a series of experiments the animals were kept in cages with a temperature gradient and different foods were offered ad lib. Mean selected daytime body temperatures were 35.0°–36.4° C (mean 24 h Tb: 31.8°–33.7° C). Mean apparent dry-matter digestibility (DDM) varied from 30.0% to 84.2%, depending on the kind of food. Mean DDM and digestible energy were significantly inversely related to the cell wall components lignin and cutin, and these components could explain most of the variance in DDM (r = 0.88). The amount of digestible protein was significantly correlated with crude protein content in the food. Mean transit time of food through the digestive tract varied from 3.9 (berries) to 8.5 (leaves) d. A second series of experiments, in which body temperatures were varied (Tb range: 30.0°–36.1° C), showed that an increase in body temperature induced a significant curvilinear decrease of the transit time from 10 d down to 3 d. Dry-matter digestibility, however, was not affected by a change in body temperature. Maximal fresh-food intake was inversely related at a significant level to the transit time. It is argued that body temperature affects the potential digestive capacity of the green iguana.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of constraint–induced movement therapy (CIT) on upper extremity function and unilateral neglect in person with stroke. The subject was a man who was diagnosed with stroke. A single subject experimental research with ABA design was employed in this study. The experiment formed 20 sessions in total: 5 sessions for baseline, 10 sessions for CIT, and 5 sessions for the second baseline. CIT consisted of restraint of movement of the unaffected upper extremity by placing it in a sling and resting splint for 90% of waking time for 10 days combined with 6 hours/day of intensive training affected upper extremity. Upper extremity function was assessed using the Box and Block Test, and unilateral neglect was measured by Line Bisection Test and Baking Tray Task. The results showed that the tests score of upper extremity function and unilateral neglect were all improved. CIT was an effective method to reduce unilateral neglect and improve the affected upper extremity function in person with stroke.


MPEG-2 to H.264/AVC transcoding is an interesting research topic and has wide applications. This paper proposes a motion vector and coding mode re-use process for MPEG-2 to H.264 main profile transcoding. Experimental results show that the proposed approach can significantly reduce the computational complexity of the transcoder without sacrificing the rate-distortion performance.


This paperexploresan intersection betweenthree main topics: (i) sociolinguistic variation, (ii) variation acquisition and processingaccording toa psycholinguistic approachand (iii) mother-tongue teaching/learning when the two previous factors are taken into account. Nonstandard linguistic varieties coexist in society with a standardized variety that could be defined as the 'language of education'. The distance between standard forms and the variety acquired by children at home is quite variable and could have an impact on how and when the formal register becomes (or not) part of the range of linguistic speaker's options.In order to address these issues, we provide experimental results regarding the comprehension and production of two linguistic aspects that show a high variation in Brazilian Portuguese– verbal agreement and anaphoric forms in direct object position – as a function of formal education exposure; we also articulate these results with the concepts of core grammar and marked periphery (Kato, 2005) for a more theoretical discussion.


Isolations were made from blighted pigeon-pea (Cajanus cajan) plants
from different locations in India. A species of Phytophthora was consistently
obtained from these locations and was proved to be the causal
organism involved in the disease. Based on the sporangium shape and
size, oogonium and oospore formation, temperature requirements, and
pathogenicity tests, we have classified these isolates as P. drechsleri f. sp.
cajani. The use of formae speciales was considered appropriate because
of the specificity of these isolates to pigeon pea and Atylosia spp., wild
relatives of the pigeon pea.


The characteristics of floor reaction forces are investigated using two large force plates in the three phases of human gait, that is, initiation, stopping and turning, The time histories of the point of application and the center of the body mass in gait initiation and stopping are obtained. In gait initiation, the phenomena of inverse fluctuation are noticed not only in the point of application, but in the floor reaction forces as well. It becomes clear experimentally that inverse fluctuations occur when a person initiates walking. The following results are also described: gait stopping is roughly similar to the time-reverse motion of the gait initiation; gait turning is the continuous motion of gait stopping and gait initiation.


Taking a company of electric network for example, this paper analyzes the principle, sys- tem frame, and functions of super high voltage transmission and transformation information system. The main characteristics are expatiated. The system based on GIS can improve work efficiency, boost the abilities of circulation and supervision to electric network. The system can ensure the network running safely. And it can provide decision-making service for the layout and management of mod- ern network.


Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is currently limited to those with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤35%. To evaluate whether patients with LVEF >35% might benefit from CRT, we performed a retrospective analysis of the predictors of response to CRT (PROSPECT) database.


The importance of mesoscale moisture information in the forecasting of weather events is discussed. A test is being prepared with the March 6, 1982 Vertical Atmospheric Sounder/Atmospheric Variability Experiment (VAS/AVE) case study to be run on the sub-synoptic scale model (SSM). Model intracomparison of three carefully designed simulations should isolate the role of mesoscale information in the initial conditions for both mositure and vertical motion. Three simulations will be made for the period 1200Z 6 March to 0000Z 7 March starting with the regular synoptic time data of 1200Z. The distinction between the three cases arises from data manipulation at 1800Z midway through the forecast period: (1) Control Case: no alterations at 1800Z. (2) Moisture Information Suppression: at 1800Z the model simulation field for water vapor, which by this time contains considerable mesoscale structure, is replaced by a smoothed version from which the mesoscale structure has been eliminated. No other variables are structure altered. (3) Vertical Motion Information Suppression: at 1800Z the model is subjected to a dead start procedure which primarily imposes a nondivergent constraint of the horizontal motion field field suppressing vertical motion. The main effect is to eliminate the mesoscale component. Comparison of results for the 1800Z to 0000Z time period will give the information desired.


Psychoactive dependences, like addiction to various forms of activity, are the focus of theoretical and research interest of many branches of science. Although Polish legislation defines dependences specifically with regard to psychoactive substances, addiction can also be an acquired, extremely powerful need to engage in certain behaviours. Hence the tendency in the literature to call many addictive or habitual forms of human activity dependences. Gambling is one of them. There are several categories of gambling: recreational gambling, problem gambling and a form which merits particular attention, pathological gambling. Like most diseases and dysfunctions, pathological gambling is defined according to diagnostic criteria. Gambling dependence is the overwhelming, irresistible urge to gamble, heedless of the adverse effects. Addictive gambling is symptomatic of emotional disorder. Despite the lack of a unified theory explaining its origin, several determinants have been indicated, both environmental factors and inherent dispositions. The major effects of gambling addiction include family breakdown, job loss, alcohol or other substance dependence, depression or even suicide. Gambling addiction raises many questions: Why do some people succumb to it so easily whereas others show no interest in gambling? Are people who won high stakes in early gambles more likely to become addicted? Is the gambler's lifestyle related to later addiction in any way? These and other questions have stimulated the development of research on pathological gambling. Whatever the causes, however, gambling dependence is a serious disease and needs to be treated.


The adsorption of C2H4 on Pd(110)-(2x1)-H at 160 K was studied by scanning tunneling microscopy and high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy. We found that two adsorbed species coexist at high coverage. The species were characterized by C-C stretching energies of 170 and 153 meV, which were identified as one-dimensional and c(2x2) domains, respectively. The latter species, which appeared only at high coverage, was bonded to the bare surface, which implied the possibility of H atom transition into the subsurface.


In the last few years the necessity of including History and Philosophy of Science (HFC, hereafter) in Science Curricula has been emphasised. There have been important advances in theoretical frameworks, which should orient the incorporation of HFC into Science classes. However, there are only a few works that include proposals that show some ways of making this concrete. This work attempts to make a contribution in that direction, presenting a proposal for the treatment of a specific thematic nucleus of the curricular area "Physics-Chemistry". The proposal is designed for the first year of High School Education (with orientation in Humanities and Social Sciences). The selected content corresponds to the study of the evolution of atomic models (up to the model of Bohr).


The research documented in this paper attempted to answer the question of how relevant the content of the Computing courses offered within programs of the Computing Department at the National University of Samoa (NUS) were to meet the needs of industry and the workforce. The RINCCII study which was conducted in 2013 to 2014, surveyed 13 institutions and 19 graduates from the Computing programs. Findings from the survey indicated that the current course offerings within the Computing department are relevant to the needs of industry and the workplace. However there are aspects or topics which need inclusion or better coverage. The study also recommended regular surveys to gauge relevance of curricula to needs of industry.


The cytologic findings in 355 patients with symptoms of genito-urinary disorders were compared with the clinical and histologic diagnoses. Neoplasm was histologically verified in 140 cases. The tumours were graded according to the degree of cellular atypia in histologic specimens as papilloma (grades 0–1) or carcinoma (grades II-IV). Papilloma was found in 23 per cent of the tumour cases.The cytologic diagnosis was based on analyses of sediment from urine and bladder washings. No false positive cytologic diagnosis of malignancy was made in the 195 patients without neoplasm. No definite cytologic report of malignancy was made in the 32 cases of papilloma. Of the 108 cases histologically classified as carcinoma, 71 per cent (58 per cent of grade II and 85 per cent of grades III-IV tumours) were cytologically recognized as malignant from the first sample of urine and bladder washings.The importance of uniform concepts of histologic grading of bladder tumours for evaluating the accuracy of exfoliative cytolog...


The results of a comparative analysis of the impact of the use of weighting materials and the weasel sets with mobile pipes on the efficiency of the drilling process of bottom sediments hydropercussion drilling shells.


Abstract : The overall goal of this report was to determine how to improve medical care through the collection, analysis, storage, presentation, and communication of clinical data within and between the echelons of care. A medical mission analysis was performed which described the casualty care system, patient and information flow, major interfaces, medical decision support currently available, users of casualty data, and potential areas of significant improvement and/or enhancement. A medical information analysis was performed and strawman data flow diagrams were developed to depict the casualty care system and information flow. Both analyses provided provisional recommendations of areas for potential improvement and were designed to provide a point of departure for the AMDACS Work Group. (JS)


This article examines Australian press attention to the violence that erupted when Indonesian soldiers from the Dutch colonial army (KNIL) were interned in Australia during the Indonesian National Revolution (1945–49). Dutch authorities used their extra-territorial rights in Australia to confine mutinous soldiers in camps as colonial subjects. Australian authorities sought to expel these men as 'aliens' while also supporting their citizenship of a nascent Republic. Our research refines historical understanding of the impetus behind the 1947 repatriation of these soldiers. Regional press reports and photographs from the mid-1940s accommodated two emerging, complementary notions of citizenship in their mediation of this situation. One was growing support for Australia's recognition of the citizenship claims of Indonesians wanting an independent Republic, particularly where those claims were violently denied by Dutch authorities in Australia. The other was a steadfast commitment to national sovereignty and citizenship premised on upholding a 'white Australia'.


Abstract The German Democratic Republic (GDR) treated the Berlin Wall as an official state border, but the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) did not recognize it as an official state border and thus did not impose entry controls. This asymmetric recognition opened up a gap in the regime of border policing and turned divided Berlin into one of the most significant sources of unauthorized migration into the FRG, creating tensions in Berlin, West Germany, and western Europe more broadly. Countries including France, Denmark, and the Netherlands all pressured the FRG to shut the open border in Berlin. This article examines how West German authorities sought to respond to their demands without recognizing the Berlin Wall as a state border. West German authorities pursued two broad strategies. The first involved internalizing the border through institutionalized racial profiling in West Berlin. The second entailed externalizing the border by asking the GDR to enforce FRG visa and passport requirements. Although both forms of border policing have often been associated with the end of the Cold War, this article shows that they were adopted earlier, and in response to Cold War imperatives.


Cypriot P.E. Teachers' Opinions on Occupational Prestige and Social Capital Physical Education teachers have a special role in the community but sometimes their fellow citizens may not be conscious of it. This paper is based on research which was conducted in order to study P.E. teachers' opinions about the relationship between social capital and their employment in the different sectors. Another objective of this article is to find out how P.E. teachers perceive themselves in relation to other occupations and whether they are satisfied with their position in the Cypriot labour market. The methods applied for this research were documentary analysis and survey method, but it is essential to remark that this paper is based on a larger investigation. Two sub-samples were created in order to compare their opinions towards the three objectives of this study. Results indicate that according to P.E. teachers; medical doctors have the highest prestige in Cyprus. They also believe that social capital has a great influence on their employment at the Cypriot Sport Organization but it is important to note that the majority of them are satisfied with their position in the labour market. This paper provides some evidence about the opinions and feelings of Cypriot P.E. teachers.


Underlying changes in demographics and travel are an important set of social and personal choices that determine behavior. California's reputation as a trendsetter for the rest of the nation in terms of social developments and public policy is primarily driven by the dynamic shifts in lifestyle choices of our state's individual residents and communities. These lifestyle choices and trends are intimately linked tot eh choices we make about where we live, where we work, where we shop, and perhaps most importantly for the purposes of this investigation, how we travel. Therefore, understanding lifestyle trends and their implications for travel demand and transportation infrastructure investments is a critical element in the determination of future transportation policy in California.Â


Abstract Background Patients who are colonized with C. difficile are at risk of developing C. difficile infections (CDI), but factors associated with disease onset are poorly understood. The objectives of this study were to identify predictors of hospital-onset CDI (HO-CDI) among asymptomatic C. difficile colonized patients and explore the potential benefit of primary prophylaxis to prevent CDI. Methods We performed a retrospective cross-sectional study of C. difficile colonized patients admitted to a tertiary academic institution in Quebec City between November 2013 and January 2017. Colonization status was determined upon hospital admission through a systematic screening program by detecting the TcdB gene by PCR on a rectal swab. Primary prophylaxis was defined as the preventive use of ≥1 dose of oral vancomycin or metronidazole in a patient without diarrhea. The choice and dosing of prophylaxis were left to the discretion of the treating physician. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine independent predictors of HO-CDI. Results Of 513 C. difficile colonized patients, 39 (7.6%) developed a HO-CDI, with a 30-day attributable mortality of 18%. We found that an increased length of hospital stay (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] per day, 1.03; P = 0.006), exposure to multiple classes of systemic antibiotics (aOR per class of antibiotic, 1.45; P = 0.03), the use of opioid analgesics (aOR, 2.70; P = 0.01) and cirrhosis (aOR, 5.57; P = 0.007), were independently associated with an increased risk of HO-CDI in multivariate analysis, whereas the use of laxatives was associated with a lower risk of CDI (aOR, 0.36; P = 0.01). Among the antimicrobials, B-lactam with B-lactamase inhibitors (OR, 3.65; P < 0.001), first-generation cephalosporins (OR, 2.38; P = 0.03), and carbapenems (OR, 2.44; P = 0.03) correlated with the greatest risk of HO-CDI. In contrast, patient age, exposure to proton pump inhibitors, and the use of prophylaxis were not significantly associated with occurrence of HO-CDI in this specific population. Conclusion This study identifies several variables that are specifically associated with the development of CDI among C. difficile colonized patients. Whether modifying these risk factors could help prevent CDI should be further investigated. Disclosures S. Trottier, CIHR: Grant Investigator, Research grant. V. Loo, Merck: Consultant and Scientific Advisor, Consulting fee. Y. Longtin, Merck: Grant Investigator, Research grant. Becton Dickinson: Grant Investigator, Grant recipient.


of the most interesting pages deal with a Georgian classmate of his named Balanchivadze, who now heads the New York City Ballet as George Balanchine. Mikhailov describes in great detail Balanchine's work in the early 1920s with an experimental group called "The Young Ballet." Even then Balanchine showed his propensity for creating pure dance spectacles that lacked the ingredient which Soviet ballet critics consider essential—soderzhanie, or content, plot. From the point of view of straight facts, a most valuable addition to knowledge of Soviet ballet history is the volume by Surits, entitled All about Ballet. It is a veritable treasury of facts which have never been compiled before. The book begins with a brief description of world accomplishments in dance, giving particular emphasis to the dance arts of Africa and Asia, which Western authors are wont to neglect. There follows a concise sketch of the life of the most noteworthy Soviet ballet artists, along with a good number of foreign stars. Dates of birth, the companies with which the dancers were connected, and their chief roles are all listed. This is followed by a list of ballets given both at home and abroad, including the names of the ballet's composer, choreographer, date of first performance, and cities in which it was subsequently staged. The task of compiling the information contained in the book was immense, for it meant gathering material not only from foreign countries but also in every major Soviet city from Lvov to Iakutsk. In all, an information gap is gradually being narrowed. While the new works contain the ordinary Soviet cliches, they are still valuable sources of information never before obtainable.


119 Alpdemir, Vitamin D deficiency status in Turkey / doi: 10.14744/ijmb.2019.04127 mation available about the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Turkey. The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate the vitamin D results of various studies of the healthy Turkish population and analyze the reported prevalence of a deficiency of vitamin D. Materials and Methods Search strategy This meta-analysis comprised an evaluation and comparison of vitamin D status in the Turkish population of several provinces. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were observed, and the population/intervention/comparison/outcome/study type (PICOS) approach was used, with a focus on the P, O, and S elements, due to the descriptive nature of the study. The literature search was conducted in June and July 2017 using an electronic database search. The sources included international (PubMed, Google Scholar, Google, Scopus) and national (DergiPark, The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey [TUBITAK], the Turkish Academic Network and Information Center [ULAKBIM]) databases, which were searched to identify studies published between 2000 and 2017. The search consisted of the following keywords: Turkey, vitamin D, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 25(OH)D3, 25(OH)vitamin D, deficiency/insufficiency of vitamin D, and prevalence. "And" was used to connect all of the keywords. The retrieved studies were screened by reading the titles and abstracts. Publication year, province, study population, study design, sample size, measurement method of vitamin D, and outcomes were investigated by the authors. A total of 40 research studies were selected and examined. Evaluated outcomes and inclusion criteria Vitamin D deficiency was defined as <20 ng/mL, insufficiency was defined as 20-29.9 ng/mL, and sufficiency was described as >30 ng/mL. The review included studies of healthy participants reflecting all members of the community (neonatal, infant, child, adolescent, adult, elderly, and pregnant women), and studies using radioimmunoassay (RIA), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to perform 25-hydroxyvitamin D measurement. The search was restricted to human studies published in English and Turkish. Exclusion criteria Studies related to vitamin D that included diseases of the thyroid gland, kidney, or liver; osteoporosis; stroke; lung emphysema; asthma; cancer; rheumatoid arthritis; multiple sclerosis; HIV; metabolic bone diseases; inflammatory diseases and other chronic diseases were excluded, as well as those that did not include usable data, or were a meta-analysis, review, or case report. Risk of bias in included studies The Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS) was used to assess the risk of bias in the included studies. The maximum NOS score is 10 points. Studies with a total score of 9-10, 7-8, 5-6 and <4 were considered very good, good, satisfactory, and unsatisfactory, respectively. Summary measures Prevalence with a 95% confidence interval was considered a summary measure of interest. Data synthesis Comprehensive meta-analysis software (Biostat Inc., Englewood, NJ, USA) was used to analyze the data of the selected studies. The prevalence rate was calculated as a summary measure. Heterogeneity was assessed using a chi-square test and the I2 heterogeneity statistic. Forest plots were used to visually assess the effect size of the meta-analysis, the difference in means, and the 95% confidence interval (CI) in the selected studies. The groups were classified and analyzed according to the characteristics of neonates, pregnant women, children, adults, and gender. Results During the preliminary search, 767 articles were retrieved and a total of 40 research articles were evaluated. A flow diagram of the phases of the meta-analysis is presented in Figure 1. The total sample size was 111.582 patients. The age range of the study participants was 0 to >80 years. The result of a quality assessment according to NOS was between 6 and 9 points. The majority of the studies had a high score (>8), while 11 studies had a point score of <8. There was a high level of heterogeneity among the studies (I2=98%; p<0.001). Thus, a random effects model meta-analysis was performed. In order to determine the frequency of vitamin D deficiency in the Turkish population, a total of 23 retrospective studies and 17 prospective cross-sectional studies were included: 17 studies of neonates, infants, children and adolescents; 12 studies of pregnant women; 9 studies of adults; 3 studies of the elderly; 7 studies examining clothing style; and 13 studies analyzing the effect of age, sex, and season. The basic characteristics of the included studies according to location are provided in Tables 1-3. The prevalence rate of vitamin D deficiency was determined to be 63% (95% CI: 58.9-66.6) for the overall population. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency for neonates, pregnant women, children, and adults was 86.6% (95% CI: 70.2-94.6), 76% (95% CI: 65.2-84.3), 39.8% (95% CI: 22.657.5), and 63.5% (95% CI: 58.8-67.9), respectively. Female and male residents had a 64.7% (95% CI: 57.5-71.2) and 39.5% (95% CI: 31.0-48.7) prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, respectively. In neonates, the lowest rate reported was 53.3% (95% CI: 46.6-66.8) in a study performed in Istanbul by Ozdemir et al. [7], and the highest rate was 93% (95% CI: 89.2-95.5) in a study conducted in Izmir by Halicioglu et al. [8]. In children, the lowest rate was 120 Int J Med Biochem determined to be 8% (95% CI: 6-10) in a study in Ankara investigated by Akman et al. [19], and the highest rate was reported as 82% (95% CI: 79.1-84.6) in a study in Trabzon conducted by Karaguzel et al. [15] In adults, the lowest rate determined was 34%, observed in a study in İstanbul performed by Buyukuslu et al. [29], and the highest rate was 91%, reported by Bozkurt et al. in a study carried out in Ankara (Fig. 2-7). Neonates and infants Tables 1 and 2 illustrate the results of studies including neonates and infants. In the study performed by Arica et al. [6] in the Van region, 115 children of between 0 and 36 months of age were included between July and September. The mean length of breastfeeding was 9.4±6.6 months. There was no significant difference in the 25(OH)D3 level according to sex. The mean vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL) of the participants was 49%. In all, 32% were taking a vitamin D supplement, and 80.2% of those receiving a supplement of 4 vitamin D drops or more had an 25(OH)D3 level >40 ng/mL. The mean length of daily sun exposure for infants with a 25 (OH) D3 level of >40 ng/mL was determined to be 56.48 minutes. Ozdemir et al. [7] included 90 neonates in their study. The mean 25(OH)D3 level was 13.16±7.16 ng/mL for all of the newborns. They found that 53.3% of 1-week-old infants in their study had vitamin D deficiency. In the study conducted by Halicioglu et al. [8], the mean concentration of 25(OH)D3 in infants was determined to be 11.5±6.8 ng/mL. In another study conducted in Ankara in 2010, 58.6% of infants were found to have vitamin D deficiency (≤20 ng/mL) [9]. In another study performed by Ergur et al. [10], 18.6% of the mothers and 2.9% of the neonates had normal vitamin D levels. Yildiz et al. [11] found a mean 25(OH) D3 level of 11.5±5.9 ng/mL and 10.9±5.9 ng/mL for mothers and infants, respectively, during winter months. Gülez et al. [12] found a prevalence of vitamin D deficiency of 31% in a study of 100 infants in Izmir aged 0-24 months. However, 63% of this patient group was receiving a vitamin D supplement and 52% of them were exposed to sunlight regularly. In these studies, the rate of vitamin D deficiency prevalence among infants in Turkey ranged from 2.9% to 58.9%. Even though Turkey has high levels of sun exposure, vitamin D deficiency remains an important problem, particularly among pregnant women, infants, and adolescents [13]. Children and adolescents The results of the studies investigating children are shown in Table 1. In a study performed on adolescent girls in Turkey, Hatun et al. [14] found a rate of deficiency of vitamin D of Figure 1. Flow diagram of the phases of the meta-analysis. Records identified through database search (n=767) Excluded on first pass: (n=648) Full text articles retrieved (n=119) Publication retrieved for data extraction (n=81) Studies included in quantitive synthesis (meta-analysis) (n=40) Excluded on second pass (n=38) Inappropriate population: 23 Unobtainable for screening: 10 Inappropriate measurement method: 5 Excluded on data extraction (n=33) Insufficient information: 24 Irrelevant outcome: 14


A cycle in the range of 26–30Myr has been reported in mass extinctions, and terrestrial impact cratering may exhibit a similar cycle of 31 ± 5Myr. These cycles have been attributed to the Sun's vertical oscillations through the Galactic disc, estimated to take from ∼30 to 42Myr between Galactic plane crossings. Near the Galactic mid-plane, the Solar system's Oort Cloud comets could be perturbed by Galactic tidal forces, and possibly a thin dark matter (DM) disc, whichmightproduceperiodiccometshowersandextinctionsontheEarth.PassageoftheEarth through especially dense clumps of DM, composed of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) in the Galactic plane, could also lead to heating in the core of the planet through capture and subsequent annihilation of DM particles. This new source of periodic heating in the Earth's interior might explain a similar ∼30Myr periodicity observed in terrestrial geologic activity, which may also be involved in extinctions. These results suggest that cycles of geological and biological evolution on the Earth may be partly controlled by the rhythms of Galactic dynamics.


: Dissolved heavy hydrocarbons>C7 have been separated from Tarim basin's oilfield waters by quantitative extraction of organic solvent. Part constituents of the heavy hydrocarbons have been determined based on GC, GC/MS and carbon stable isotopic analyses, which are mainly middle to long chain n alkane, i alkane, some alkyl toluenes and alkyl cyclohexanes. Their constituents are similar to that of oil which suggests that there be direct relationship between the origin and distribution of dissolved heavy hydrocarbon in oilfield waters and oil reservoirs. The study on the dissolved organic compounds in oilfield waters can get the information about oil and gas shows; can be used for indicating the existence of oil or gas reservoir nearly and provide a new idea of trailing the direction and path of oil and gas secondary migration and accumulation.


Handbook is something of a misnomer for a work of this genre. The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations' contents and informed analysis are on a scale that makes it invaluable to hand for learned reference. But a handbook, as such, it is not. Rather it contains essays, drawing on the writing skills and participatory experience of 47 well-established practitioners, academics, analysts and writers. Their seams of varied and above all readable knowledge might have filled several volumes. It is, as the editors point out in their introduction, above all a handbook on, not of, the United Nations. It is a tribute to the variety and substance of its content, which makes it hard to read for review. To ease this task, this reviewer has been influenced by a fine idea to help reach conclusions through an informal critical conversation with the well-informed.


A pharmaceutical composition containing substantially pure and stable gabapentin are disclosed wherein gabapentin has a pH of between 6.8 to 7. 3.


95 Background and Objectives For patients with polyps and cysts, glottal gaps resulting from their lesions have negative respiratory effects when they vocalize. Phonatory Aerodynamic System is clinically used, but is often limited in the measurement of vowels. So the researchers attempted to verify the usefulness of Phonatory Aerodynamic System by comparing differences in respiratory characteristics and patterns which can be measured by the level of connected speech. Materials and Method Among the subjects who were diagnosed through a stroboscopy, there were 33 patients with polyps and 23 patients with cysts. Then, 36 subjects who were found to have no specific findings through a stroboscopy and perceptual test were selected to the normal group. We compared respiratory characteristics and patterns. And compared vocal polyps and cysts before and after laryngeal micro surgery (LMS). Results First, difference in respiratory patterns between the normal group and the patients with polyps and cysts were examined to show that breath groups, breath group syllables, and expiratory · inspiratory volume were significantly higher in the polyp/cyst group than those in the normal group, indicating that precision was lowered during the conversation, due to reduction in speech intelligibility and interruption of communication. Second, there were significant differences in maximum phonation time, mean flow rate, and subglottal pressure among respiratory characteristics, breath groups, breath group syllables, and inspiratory volume before and after LMS, which appeared to be similar to the normal group. Conclusion The understanding of respiratory characteristics and patterns produced by patients in connected speech which is most similar to natural speech was found to be the objective and useful method for examining characteristics of the subjects.


The article contains a description of a clinical case of refractory hypotension, developed after surgery for pituitary macroadenoma. Postoperative period was complicated by the development of acute myocardial infarction, connected with aggravation of megakariocyte leukemia. Presented differential diagnosis causes hypotension in a patient with severe comorbidity.


The main purpose of this Project Work is to draw the attention of the Portuguese academic community, and desirably also of the publishing sector, to the need to preserve fairy tales that are part of the Western collective imagination in their "original" form, namely via translation. The continuous process of adapting them over time has led to greater or lesser departures from their earlier written versions, and these stories have often become popular in their adapted forms and not in their first literary formulation. This is precisely the case of the famous fairy tale Beauty and the Beast, chosen for the purpose of the present study. La Belle et la Bête, by Gabrielle-Suzanne Barbot de Villeneuve (1695-1755), was published in 1740, followed in 1756 by a homonymous adaptation by Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont (1711-1780) that would become much more popular and would relegate Villeneuve's first version to obscurity. The film adaptations made by Walt Disney Pictures in 1991 and 2017, in turn, spread the story on a large scale, adapting it to new historical and ideological contexts — and consequently moving it away from Villeneuve's initial narrative. This Project Work is divided into two parts. In the first, the fairy tale genre is contextualized and an analysis of the transformations suffered by Villeneuve's story in Beaumont's and the Disney industry's adaptations is made. In the second, a translation (an indirect translation, using the English translation of J.R. Planché, dated from 1858, as the source text) of two carefully selected chapters of Villeneuve's fairy tale, as yet never translated into European Portuguese, is presented, followed by a reflection on the main translation problems faced during the process. The purpose is to fill a gap in the Portuguese literary system and justify the interest in acquainting Portuguese readers with the first literary version of Beauty and the Beast, making them aware of the significant differences that separate it from its most relevant adaptations.


To raise the efficiency of multi-factory resource scheduling and better solve the problem of lack of production and maintenance resources faced by some special industries, this paper proposed GD2 bidding strategy, applying it to continuous double auction mechanism, achieving more efficiency on multi-factory resource scheduling with a decentralized approach. The GD2 strategy was two-dimensional bidding strategy which contains bidding price and quantity. The Agents adjusted bidding price by establishing belief function and calculating maximum expected profit. The experimental results show that the GD2 strategy can achieve high resource scheduling efficiency in the multi-factory resource scheduling, and the overall average efficiency reaches 92%.


We investigate whether UN General Assembly voting reflects different ethical standards of political behavior in democracies and autocracies. Predictions are derived from a model in which autocratic regimes use logrolling to block censure resolutions against themselves and also vote expressively to deflect criticism to a decoy. Democracies vote self-interestedly but are sensitive to dissonance between accusations and evidence. The empirical application of the model provides support for the hypothesis that domestic ethical standards are reflected in governments' UN voting behavior. However, ethical voting by democracies is enhanced when dissonance between accusations and evidence is publicized in the media.


AbstractThe bond between carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) and steel is crucial for strengthening of steel structures using CFRP materials. However, existing studies on this issue are still limited. To better understand the bond behavior of CFRP-to-steel bonded interfaces, this paper reports an experimental study on the behavior of CFRP plate-to-steel bonded joints with a nonlinear adhesive by the single-shear testing method. The three-dimensional digital image correlation (3D-DIC) technique was used to measure the displacements and strains of the specimens. The effects of the bond length and adhesive thickness on the bond behavior are evaluated. The results show that failure occurred within the adhesive layer (i.e., cohesive failure) for all tested specimens. The ultimate load increased with increasing bond length until the effective bond length was reached. The ultimate load also increased as the adhesive thickness was increased from 0.5 to 2.0 mm. The bond-slip relationship exhibited an approximat...


A positive contribution of formal education to development has become widely accepted and rarely questioned. Schooling has been generally assumed as a producer of creativity and therefore a causal factor for economic and social change. Employers have regarded schooling as providing skills, preparing youth for economic functions in an increasing complex technological society, including socializing them to fit into new models of economic organisations, thus helping them into higher incomes and status - a step forward in a success-oriented economy. This study examines the correlation between the formal educational system and development in Ghana, and comes to the conclusion that the widespread hypothesis that expanding schooling in itself increases social welfare which results in national economic growth is still to be questioned.


A combination of 15N2 labeling, Tyramide Signal Amplification–Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization (TSA‐FISH) assay, and chemical analyses were performed along a trophic gradient (8000 km) in the equatorial Pacific. Nitrogen fixation rates were low (0.06 ± 0.02 to 2.8 ± 2.1 nmol L−1 d−1) in HNLC waters, higher in the warm pool (0.11 ± 0.0 to 18.2 ± 2.8 nmol L−1 d−1), and extremely high close to Papua New Guinea (38 ± 9 to 610 ± 46 nmol L−1 d−1). Rates attributed to the <10‐μm fraction accounted for 74% of total activity. Both unicellular and filamentous diazotrophs were detected and reached 17 cells mL−1 and 1.85 trichome mL−1. Unicellular diazotrophs were found to be free‐living in <10‐μm fraction or in association with mucilage, particles, or eukaryotes in the >10‐μm fraction, leading to a possible overestimation of this fraction to total N2 fixation. In oceanic waters, 98% of the unicellular diazotrophs were picoplanktonic. Finally, we found a clear longitudinal pattern of niche partitioning between diazotroph groups: while unicellular diazotrophs were present all along the transect, Trichodesmium spp. were detected only in coastal waters, where nitrogen fixation associated to both size fractions was greatly stimulated.


Abstract Let P and Q be a pair of orthogonal projections. In this note we will prove that there exists a unitary such that UP = QU and UQ = PU if and only if


This paper presents a novel image-based approach to render plausible soft shadows for complex dynamic scenes with rectangular light sources. The algorithm's performance is mostly independent of the scene complexity and the source's size. Occluders and receivers do not need to be separated and no knowledge about the scene representation is required, making the method easy to use. The main idea is to approximate the occlusion in the scene with pre-filtered occlusion textures. The visibility of the light source at a point in space is estimated by accumulating the occlusion caused by each texture, using a novel formula based on probabilities


The objective of this study is to determine the initial shear modulus of silicone rubber reinforced with different concentrations of alumina nanoparticles. The experimental data were obtained from a master's dissertation, where composite samples were subjected to a pure shear test. To determine the values of the five classic models shear modulus for hyperelastic materials found in the literature were used: Mooney-Rivin [2], Yeoh [2], Gent [2] Ogden [2] and Lopez-Pamies [2]. It can be seen that Ogden model [2], Lopez-Pamies [2] and Gent [2] exhibited the best results


Strong absorption lines of OH have been detected at 119.23 and 119.44 ..mu..m in the directon of Sgr B2. The two lines observed arise from the /sup 2/Pi/sub 3/2/, J = 5/2reverse arrow3/2 transitions and imply a column density of N/sub OH/ ..3 transition of NH/sub 3/ at 125 ..mu..m in Sgr B2.


An arbitrary junction of three accessible waveguides, each propagating only a single mode, is designated as a six-terminal or three-terminal-pair waveguide structure. The over-all description of the propagating modes in such a structure is accomplished by representation of the waveguide regions as transmission lines and by representation of the junction region as a six-terminal lumped-constant equivalent circuit. The three transmission lines together with the lumped-constant circuit comprise a six terminal network with the aid of which reflection, transmission, standing wave, etc., properties of the over-all structure can be determined by conventional network calculations. The quantitative description of the transmission lines is effected by indication of their characteristic impedances and propagation wavelengths. The description of the six-terminal lumped-constant circuit requires, in general, the specification of six circuit parameters and the locations of the three corresponding terminal planes. If the structure possesses geometrical symmetries, a reduction in the number of required circuit parameters is possible.


It is noted that the title is the first sign of the product of art. Argues that abbreviated title of a literary text is a marker of postmodern literature and reflects the main features in postmodern. This is supported by examples from the study of literature.


Studies of the hydrogeochemical features of groundwater in deep horizons of the West Siberian megabasin are important. They are closely related to applied and fundamental issues of oil and gas hydrogeology and allow studying the processes of formation, accumulation and migration of hydrocarbons.The article deals with our analysis of the hydrogeochemical conditions of the Mesozoic hydrogeological basin within the Ravninnoe oil field. The ion-salt composition of groundwater in deep horizons in the territory is variable. Basically groundwater are of the calcium chloride type (according to V. A. Sulin's classification), but magnesium chloride and sodium bicarbonate types of water are locally distributed. The hydrogeological conditions of the field are manifested in the change in the chemical composition of groundwater and in the vertical hydrochemical zonality. The article describes the features of the regional distribution of reservoir temperatures and reservoir pressures of the Aptian-Albian-Cenomanian, Neocomian and Jurassic hydrogeological complexes. The study of the formation factors of the hydrogeochemical field of these deposits was carried out taking into account paleotectonic, paleogeomorphological and paleohydrogeological reconstructions of the conditions that influenced the accumulation of fluids. Faults are widespread in the deposits of the pre-Jurassic complex, as well as angular unconformities between rocks of different ages, which predetermined the migration of hydrocarbons and the formation of their deposits.


There are a lot of classical results that a Banach space contains almost isometric copy of c_0(l_1 or l_∞).In this paper we consider this problem in Banach Lattice and get that if a Banach Lattice contains almost isometric copy of c_0, then X′ contains almost isometric copy of l_1.


Nano technology application in concrete has added the efforts to improve its properties by altering the microstructure. Nano materials, by virtue of their very small particle size can affect the concrete properties. The use of nano silica of size 236 nm is study to improve the compressive strength of concrete. By replacing the cement with nano silica of 0.3%, 0.6% and 1% b.w.c experimental investigation has been carried out. The test shows a considerable increase in early-age compressive strength and a small increase in the overall compressive strength of concrete. With the increase in the percentage of nano silica, the strength increase was observed.


In this article, we exhibit under suitable conditions a neat relationship between the least squares g-inverse for a sum of two matrices and the least squares g-inverses of the individual terms. We give a necessary and sufficient condition for the set equations (A + B){1, 3} = A{1, 3} + B{1, 3} and (A + B){1, 4} = A{1, 4} + B{1, 4}.


Society in Japan experienced a huge transformation in the postwar, the transformation of judicial system evoked the changes of Lawyer professionalism. After publishing the new law of lawyer, the lawyer professionalism was always the center of the reform. The transformation of the system of lawyer had different professional characters and ideas from the other countries' at different period, but new problems and contradictions of lawyer professional conducts happened in the market. The lawyer services are obstructed by profitability coming from the market, in order to overcome it, keeping the spirit of professionalism is very important to the transformation.


Summer mortality and morbidity are serious environment-related problems in cultured sea cucumbers (Apostichopus japonicus). Air exposure probably worsens the impact of high temperature on cultured sea cucumbers. In this present study, two laboratory experiments were designed to investigate the effects of artificial reefs on mortality, morbidity, crawling, feeding, and adhesion behaviors of small sea cucumbers (~1 g of wet body weight) after air exposure and disease outbreaks at 25 °C, respectively. Significantly lower mortality and morbidity occurred in the group with artificial reefs compared with those in the group without artificial reefs in the two experiments. This present study found that the stressed sea cucumbers cultured inside artificial reefs showed a significantly higher adhesion index, feeding behavior, and crawling frequency than those cultured without artificial reefs. In disease challenge assays, small sea cucumbers cultured inside the artificial reefs showed a significantly higher adhesion index and crawling frequency than those cultured without artificial reefs at 25 °C. Feeding, crawling, and adhesion behaviors of sea cucumbers cultured outside artificial reefs were not significantly different from those cultured without artificial reefs. The experimental results indicate that sea cucumbers with good fitness-related behaviors may be less affected by the disease and more likely to move into the crevices of artificial reefs. Fitness-related behaviors were poor in sea cucumbers cultured outside artificial reefs, so we considered them as affected individuals. Thus, artificial reefs provide a place to reduce the physical contact between unaffected and diseased/affected individuals, showing a potential to reduce disease transmission. Our present study establishes a cost-effective approach to increasing the survival of small sea cucumbers in seed production at high temperatures.


Background: Social media have become a crucial channel for patient empowerment and peer support. New qualitative research underscores the fact that this "support" transcends mental health concerns, to actually provide patients with important practical tips and tricks for diabetes self-care, and product selection/decision-making information from peers. Methods: Netnography is an emerging methodology that applies an ethnographic research approach to studying activity on the social web. Researchers embed themselves in the online environment to take an observational "deep dive" into online conversations to identify themes, sentiments, and perceptions. Using this methodology in summer 2017, a team of researchers captured and analyzed hundreds of diabetes-related posts on prominent platforms Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Instagram, Tumblr, Pinterest, Reddit, and Quora. Results: Our team identified 6 major trends, or "life themes," in diabetes patient social media, providing insights into patient sentiments and needs. A topology of social media channels emerged, indicating which platforms are used most often for each life theme. Conclusions: Findings indicate that social media provides a significant source not only of moral support and camaraderie, but also critical education on thriving with diabetes. Importantly, we observed strong evidence of peer influence on patients' therapy and diabetes technology purchasing decisions.


Writing about the application view contains information about tenant data and vehicle  data in PT. MOTOR YANTO RENTCAR, then it is expected that these applications  can provide information quickly, efficiently, and accurately and reliably useful for  both employees and the tenants themselves. In this information display applications the author uses visual basic program. Visual  Basic is a software that not only limited to building database-based applications, but  also can be used for a variety of other needs. With the information display application data in PT. MOTOR RENTCAR YANTO is  expected in the data-data searches will be easier and faster in the presentation.


In June 2017 Google Scholar launched a new product called Classic Papers. This service currently displays the most cited English-language original research articles by fields and published in 2006. The main goal of this work is to describe the main characteristics and features of this Google Scholar's new service, as well as to highlight its main strengths and weaknesses. To do this, a total of 2,515 records were extracted. Additionally, for each record, the following bibliographic data were gathered: broad subject category and subcategory, Title of the document, URL, Authors, Google Scholar Citation profiles' URL, and Citations received. It is finally concluded that, although the product is easy to use and provides original data about highly cited documents at the level of disciplines, it still suffers of some methodological concerns, mainly related to the subject classification of documents and the use of homogenous visualization threshold regardless the discipline, that jeopardizes the utility of this product for bibliometric purposes. In addition to this, the lack of transparency constitutes a methodological concern, since Google Scholar does not to declare in detail how the product has been developed.


This paper discusses the way in introducing the urban-architectural language proposed by the international modern movement, in traditional contexts for Campeche, through the project of the New Campeche in 1960 and whose construction involved changes in the imaginary of society as a result of economic change that conditioned the emergence of a new socio-cultural elite. The project represents one of the first cases of architectural urban development, which are used in scientific and technological advances of the moment in a project with nicknames of sustainability, which addressed the future impact of the city.


In this paper, the main problem considered is a tactical discrete berth allocation, including both the quay mobile crane scheduling and vehicle dispatching as sub-problems. Berths, cranes and yard vehicles are the most important resources used in container terminals. The objective is to reduce the vessel turnaround times with fewer resources. We assume that the vessel's stowage plan and yard templates or their estimates are given. We integrate using functional decomposition, where sub-problems are solved sequentially and in parallel, resulting in more modifiable and detailed parameters to the main problem. We have chosen the sub-problems and their solution algorithms primarily so that they are mathematically proven to be optimal or have proven properties. Different techniques are utilized: mixed integer linear programming, max plus algebra, greedy algorithms, dynamic programming written in functional language and general algebraic modeling system. In addition, we extend the features of the sub-problems. While allocating the cranes, we use the concept of the quay crane profile. We reformulate the crane scheduling problem so that the mobile cranes can be heterogeneous, and there can be both quay and mobile cranes. Some features are optional: for example, double cycling and yard remarshaling. Alternatively, we can reduce the number of vehicles by deciding how we unload or load stacks. The study is motivated by the practical needs of Finnish port operators.


Abstract.
 In this work we describe morphology and chaetotaxy of the first and last instars of three species of two genera (Apocheima Hübner and Lycia Hübner) of brachypterous moths which occur in Poland. Moreover, we discuss morphology and chaetotaxy of the last instar larva of Phigalia pilosaria (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775). Head capsule and mouthparts are illustrated and described with the nomenclature of particular setae and pores. Chaetotaxy of thoracic legs and prolegs is provided. The shape and setal arrangement of anal plate are illustrated separately.


Foreground detection is the classical computer vision task of segmenting out motion information from a particular scene. Foreground detection using Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM) is the famous choice. Since first time proposed, many researchers tried to improve GMM. This paper focuses on the comparative evaluation of three most famous improvements in the algorithm. The improved methods are compared both qualitatively and quantitatively using standard datasets available online.


Based on local area networks and field buses,A3000 experimental process control system platform has been built,aiming at experimental teaching course of Computer Control System.With this experimental platform,students can not only research routine control system algorithms,but also deeply study the design of complex control systems and develop innovative control system design.


With the completion of the whole human genome sequencing, the research of genome sequences mutation, especially of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), has been addressed as the new genome science projects. The developing high-throughput genotyping technologies allows us to unravel the complex genetic traits. Because of its characteristics of large quantity, high density, wide distribution and low mutations, SNP plays a key role in the projects of population variation, disease candidate genes identification and pharmacogenomics. Here, we present a review of international current trend of SNP studies and its application in the researches of complicated diseases related genes identification and pharmacogenomics.


Active remote sensing challenges using multi-aperture imaging experiments are described. The image resolution is limited by the accuracy in phasing all sub-apertures together. Efforts to overcome technical hurdles in achieving high resolution imagery are reported.


This paper part one is set out to lay primary observations of experimental compaction measurements to form the basis for rock physics modelling in paper part two. P‐ and S‐wave velocities and corresponding petrophysical (porosity and density) properties of seven unconsolidated natural sands with different mineralogical compositions and textures are reported. The samples were compacted in a uniaxial strain configuration from 0.5 up to 30 MPa effective stresses. Each sand sample was subjected to three loading cycles to study the influence of stress reduction on acoustic velocities and rock physical properties with the key focus on simulating a complex burial history with periods of uplift. Results show significant differences in rock physical properties between normal compaction and overconsolidation (unloaded and reloaded). The differences observed for total porosity, density, and P‐ and S‐wave velocities are attributed to irrecoverable permanent deformation. Microtextural differences affect petrophysical, acoustic, elastic and mechanical properties, mostly during normal consolidation but are less significant during unloading and reloading. Different pre‐consolidation stress magnitudes, stress conditions (isotropic or uniaxial) and mineral compositions do not significantly affect the change in porosity and velocities during unloading as a similar steep velocity–porosity gradient is observed. The magnitude of change in the total porosity is low compared to the associated change in P‐ and S‐wave velocities during stress release. This can be explained by the different sensitivity of the porosity and acoustic properties (velocities) to the change in stress. Stress reduction during unloading yields maximum changes in the total porosity, P‐ and S‐wave velocities of 5%, 25%, and 50%, respectively. These proportions constitute the basis for the following empirical (approximation) correlations: Δϕ ∼ ±5 ΔVP and ΔVP ∼ ±2ΔVS. The patterns observed in the experiments are similar to well log data from the Barents Sea. Applications to rock physics modelling and reservoir monitoring are reported in a companion paper.


AIM: The study aimed to evaluate the influence of the correction of potentially modifiable risk factors for the development of atrial fibrillation (AF) as primary prevention of AF in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) and premature atrial complexes (PAC).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We monitored 856 MS patients with PAC, aged 5872 (mean age, 66.4 0.7) years, in the north-western region of the Russian Federation. A 5-year risk of AF was calculated in all patients after the examination by determining the potential prognostic time range for Af development and its index of probable occurrence (RCHARGE-AF) using the CHARGE-AF model. The correction of potentially modifiable MS components and risk factors for AF development (smoking cessation, elimination of physical inactivity, etc.) until their target values were achieved was offered to all patients. The follow-up endpoint was the preservation of sinus rhythm or AF registration.
RESULTS: All patients with MS were distributed into three groups. Group I consisted of 557 (65.07%) patients with incomplete correction of risk factors, and group II included 93 (10.86%) who achieved the target values of all potentially modifiable factors for AF development. The control group included the remaining patients without quantitative and qualitative changes in the dynamics AF predictors. No significant differences were found between the groups in terms of sex, age, concomitant diseases, and risk factors for AF. The achievement of the target values of the main MS components, including body mass index and/or waist circumference, correlated with the performance of regular aerobic exercises (odds ratio [OR] = 8.9), adherence to a diet (OR = 7.5), duration of MS diagnosis 20 years before the start of correction (OR = 12.8), and intake of a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (Liraglutide) (OR = 5.4).
In the control group, group I, and group II, AF development did not differ significantly and was registered in 192 (93.20%), 491 (88.15%), and 79 (84.95%) patients (p 0.05), respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: In MS patients with PAC and a high 5-year risk of AF, the correction of potentially modifiable risk factors for AF development, as its primary prevention, is ineffective. The determination of the RCHARGE-AF index in MS patients with PAC in dynamics indicates the efficiency of the correction of potentially modifiable risk factors for AF development, but it does not determine the degree of the risk of its occurrence.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.


The types of bacteria in water injection in oil field are discussed in detail in this paper. The harm of certain kinds of bacteria to water injection system and the damage mechanism of bacteria are studied. The type and the mechanism of every bactericide in China are presented. In addition, this paper gives the prospects of the research and development trend of bactericide used for the watertreating in the oil field in China.


As the first step to develop a new m-learning instructional design, this research assessed 48 types of mobile media that undergraduates use. Participants included 439 Thai students from 16 different majors. Principal component analysis and t-test results indicated that students with more advanced computer software skills used a wider range of mobile media for learning than did students with basic computer software skills. Students' advancement in using mobile media for learning was perceived as presenting better academic and study skills. The results from this research could provide a guideline for designing a novel m-learning instruction.


Submitted for the DPP10 Meeting of The American Physical Society Induced Nonlinear Scattering of Magnetospherically Reflecting Whistlers1 C. CRABTREE, M. MITHAIWALA, G. GANGULI, NRL, L. RUDAKOV, Icarus, Inc., and UMD, V. GALINSKY, V. SHEVCHENKO, UCSD — Whistler waves regulate the energetic electron population in the magnetosphere through pitch angle scattering of resonant electrons. Sources of whistlers in the lower magnetosphere (L ∼ 2 − 3 ) include, e.g., lightening discharges, VLF transmitters, and unstable particle distributions. Once the whistler waves are generated, they are maintained in an effective cavity around the lower-hybrid resonant surface where the waves are dissipated. Before the waves are dissipated they pitch angle scatter the resonant electrons. We demonstrate that when the energy density of whistlers exceeds a threshold, which occurs at δB = 30 − 50 pT , the process of nonlinear induced scattering by thermal electrons [1] dominates both electron-ion collisional damping and linear Landau damping due to superthermal electrons [2]. This occurs primarily by scattering of waves before the wave-packet settles down on a lower-hybrid surface (where the wave is damped). Consequently, 1) the lifetime of whistler wave turbulence is increased from seconds to 10s of seconds, 2) the whistler wave packets spend more time away from the lower-hybrid surface and thus interact more with energetic electrons [1]. Thus the lifetime of energetic electrons is reduced due to the induced nonlinear scattering of whistler waves. [1] Ganguli et al., PoP, 17, 052310 (2010), [2] Innan et al., JGR, 108, 1186 (2003). 1This work is supported by the Office of Naval Research.


It is pointed out that the calorimetric estimation of the welding pool temperature described in Christensen and Chipman's report concerning slag-metal interaction in the pool is based on the misuse of the result of Wells's paper which treats the two dimensional heat flow in welding. Wells's paper shows that M=q/c pvdTf approaches 2 when vd/2α takes large values. Using this fact, they calculated the temperature considering q/2 is the heat content of the nugget when the nugget is in molten state, q being measured calorimetrically. It is clear, however, that the above mentioned Wells's result does not mean that q/2 is the heat content of the molten pool.


This paper presents a simplified methodology for the design of jet-grouted bottom sealing barriers (temporary water-tightness structures) for deep excavations that was undertaken in deep aquifers. The bottom sealing barriers are usually required to prevent uplift failure against the water head below. Additionally, jet-grouted bottom sealing barriers are never perfect due to the uncertainties of jet grouting columns at the site, so the design must carefully consider the analysis of seepage. For these reasons, the proposed calculation procedure focuses on two different failure mechanisms (i.e., "instability failure" and "seepage failure") of massive bottom sealing barriers. Subsequently, the design parameters of the jet-grouted bottom sealing barriers (e.g., depth and thickness) for an excavation case were determined while using the proposed design procedure. The field pumping test results show that the water-tightness performance of bottom-sealing barriers performed at site is good, which ensures that the water level inside the excavation can reach the desired level and the groundwater drawdown outside can be minimized. The leakage flow rate of bottom-sealing barriers is lower than the designed maximum allowable seepage when the water level inside stabilizes at the final period of the pumping test.


Field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) based control of synchronous rectification (SR) is addressed herein and applied to the conventional forward converter. In designing such an FPGA-based SR control algorithm, the energy fed back from the secondary side to the primary side of the main transformer and then to the DC link is considered to enhance transient load response. At the same time, the required dead-time zone between switches is properly tuned to get the maximum efficiency under the condition that this converter operates at full load. Eventually, the differences in transient load response between with and without the proposed FPGA-based SR control technique are demonstrated via some experimental results.


This article focuses on the features and contributing factors of weak state and also provides a detailed analysis of the weak state issue of Indonesia. Weak state is the transitional pattern from well - operating state down to failed state, in which the basic govemabilities of government are injured and the social construction is on the verge of broken. The contributing factors of weak state at least includes dual political structure in a process of structure transition, long - standing loose ties among different ethnic groups and religious communities, and pressure from the world system in globalization era. The main suggestion is that the so - called "neo authoritarianism" or bureaucratic authoritarianism may be a realistic choice for developing countries to prevent the danger of becoming a weak state during a social change period.


The limestone islands of the Pulau Banggi (ca. 07o14–19'N, 117o5–10'E) group are situated off the northeast coast of the island of Borneo, and due south of the Philippines islands of Balabac and Palawan (Fig. 1). In geographical terms, they lie between the basins of the South China Sea and that of the Sulu Sea, and cover a total land area of 699 km 2 . Banggi, the largest of these islands, is ca. 700 km 2 The first naturalist recorded to have collected on these islands is Francis Henry Hill Guillemard (1852– 1933), in 1883, on board the 420 ton auxillary screw yacht 'The Marchesa', which visited islands of eastern Asia and New Guinea on a natural history expedition. Although the purpose of the stop at Banggi was to obtain freshwater, Guillemard also made a collection of birds (Chasen and Boden Kloss, 1930). In 1886, in area and has a coastline of 420 km (Teh et al., 2005). Other important islands of the group include Balambangan and Malawali, the former island with extensive limestone formation, with outcrops reaching 120 m (Tuen et al., 2002). Administratively, these islands fall under Kudat District of Sabah (East Malaysia), and are included in the proposed (in 2003) Tun Mustapha Marine Park, designated primarily to protect the rich marine life of the surrounding seas. The archipelago comprises about 70 islands, 33 of which are inhabited by an estimated 80,000 people of various ethnic origins (Biusing, 2001).


In this paper a method is presented for torsional analysis of non-homogeneo us tubes with arbitrarily s haped cross-sections. A previously presented method based on Bredt's theory is extended to achieve formulas for torsional analysis. Shear modulus varies through the thickness according to a power law d istribution. To validate the accuracy of the presented formulas for angle of twist and shear stress, calculated results are compared with available analytical and numerical data. Moreover, the effects of thickness, bluntness of corners and cross-sectional shape are investigated. The presented formulas are relatively accurate, simple and applicable to thin to moderately thick cross-sections with constant wall thickness. Based on the method presented herein, one can achieve desirable maximum shear stress and angle of twist for a polygonal non-homogeneous tube using a proper bluntness. The presented formulas q uickly converge and can be implemented in optimization programs. doi: 10.5829/idosi.ije.2012.25.03a.09


INTRODUCTION: The gynecological tumors of the patient aged over 70 constitute heterogeneous entities by their oncological and geriatric clinical presentations, which frequently expose to the proposal of "non-standard", "adapted" or "exceptional" therapies. In Sub-Saharan Africa, cancer is a scourge whose characteristics remain to be clarified, marked by very limited means, and especially by the context of practice in rural areas. We describe in this clinical case the particularity of the management in a rural context of a case of endometrial tumor in an 83-year-old patient at stage IB. OBSERVATION: This is Mrs. M.G., aged 83 4G 4P 4 children, postmenopausal for 30 years who consults for postmenopausal metrorrhagia evolving for 3 months. A diagnostic hysteroscopy was performed showing an ulcerated mass of the uterine cavity bleeding on contact, a biopsy was performed, the result of which was a low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma. The abdominopelvic CT scan, which demonstrates thickening of the endometrium without damage to surrounding structures, classified as stage IB endometrial tumor. The patient underwent a total hysterectomy with bilateral pelvic dissection. The postoperative course was simple. The patient was discharged on the 7th postoperative day. The result of the histological report: well-differentiated and infiltrating endometroid carcinoma invading the isthmus and the cervix. Parameters and the 4 right and left lymph nodes are unharmed. The histo-prognostic stage was pT2N0Mx. CONCLUSION: The management of endometrial cancer is possible in the rural context in elderly patients. The prognosis is good if the diagnosis is made at an early stage. Surgery could still be offered even for subjects over 80 with less comorbidity. KEYWORDS: Endometrial tumors; Elderly patient; Senegal.


This paper presents a new approach to automatically annotate the cortical sulci in the MRI images. The human brain cortex is a very complex structure containing folds (gyri) and fissures (sulci) are the subject of our study in this paper. The sulcus is one of the most important features that help understand the different functional areas of the brain. The exact identification of sulci on human brain using MRI images is helpful in many studies and applications related to brain diseases and human behavior. The automatic annotation of cortical sulci with all its associated complexity and inter-subject variability is not a trivial task. We have proposed a sulci annotation algorithm as part of a new graph-based approach for automatic annotation of cortical sulci using graph matching and generalized median graph. The graph matching is very important in many studies and applications such as pattern recognition and classification. The generalized median graph of a set of graphs is a way to represent a set of graphs by a comprehensive graph that minimizes the sum of the distances to all graphs. We have used the characteristics of shape, orientation, and location to describe the sulci. The results that we have obtained prove that our approach is accurate and acceptable in this field which uses the graph matching for automatic annotation of cortical sulci.


Ninety-eight backcross inbred lines derived from Nipponbare(japonica)/Kasalath(indica)//Nipponbare were used to map QTL for grain shape related traits and 1 000-grain weight under the three environments.By QTL mapper 1.6 software,QTL controlling grain shape related traits and 1 000-grain weight were detected on the whole genome.The number of QTL for grain length,grain thickness,grain width,the ratio of grain length to width,and 1 000-grain weight were 4,1,4,5 and 5,respectively.Further stability analysis was conducted using chromosome segment substitution lines(CSSL)with Nipponbare as the genetic background and Kasalath as the donor in three environments.The results showed that significant difference of phenotypic values existed between the recurrent parent,Nipponbare,and the NK28 harboring qGL-6,NK32 harboring qGL-12 alleles.Compared to Nipponbare,the seeds of NK28 and NK32 became longer.The two CSSL both harboring qGW-1 and qGW-7 allele,including NK9 and NK32,had markedly decreased in grain width across the three environments.The same case was for the two CSSL harboring qLWR-5 allele,namely NK22 and NK32,as well as the CSSL NK32 harboring qLWR-12 allele,and the CSSL NK9 harboring qTGW-1-1 allele.These effects of the alleles at above loci were significant and stable.The results provided the foundation for further map-based cloning and marker-assisted selection(MAS)breeding.


Single-molecule conductance of a B-N substituted phenan-threne derivative and its isoelectronic C=C counterpart were investigated by the scanning tunneling microscopy break junc-tion (STM-BJ) technique. The incorporation of the B-N motif results in a better single-molecule conductivity than the C=C analogue. Furthermore, the Lewis acid-base reaction between F- and the B atom of the B-N motif leads to a decrease of the conductance of the BN derivative, which can be understood due to the shifting of the energy positions of the LUMO, as revealed by quantum transport calculations, even though the HOMO-LUMO gap decreases in the B-F Lewis acid-base. These findings provide insights for modulating electron transport properties by isoelectronic structure design. The B-N isoelectronic substituted structure could be feasible to design single-molecule devices such as switches and chemical sen-sors.


We consider the infimum inff max j=1,2,3 k f (j) k L1 (0,T0), where the infimum is taken over every function f which runs through the set KC 3 (0, T0) consisting of all functions f : [0, T0] ! R satisfying the boundary conditions f (j) (0) = aj , f (j) (T0) = 0 for j = 0,1,2, whose derivatives f (j) are continuous for j = 0,1,2 and the third derivative f (3) may have a finite number of discontinuities in the interval (0, T0), and find this infimum explicitly for certain choice of boundary conditions. This problem is motivated by some conditions under which the solution of


Abstract The USA and Canada generate over one‐third of the transportation‐related emissions of carbon dioxide in the world. Motor vehicles produce a majority of these emissions. This paper examines how the US Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) regulatory standard for light‐duty vehicles has established an underlying fuel economy policy paradigm for the highly integrated North American automotive sector. While these standards pushed North American vehicle fuel efficiency higher in the late 1970s and early 1980s, the standards have not been significantly increased since 1985. The paper details the institutional, economic and political factors that have blocked higher CAFE standards. It describes difficulties with the legal efforts to shift the main venue of fuel economy regulation from the US federal government to the state of California. In light of the Canadian tradition of establishing voluntary agreements between the government and the auto manufacturers in lieu of formal regulation, it assesses the possibility that the voluntary agreement on reducing automotive greenhouse gas emissions signed between Ottawa and Canadian auto manufacturers in April 2005 will be a step toward a new style of negotiated advances in fuel economy and greenhouse gas reduction goals throughout North America.


The emergence of Christianity in the Greco-Roman world was one of the most outstanding things that happened in that era. It occurred at the most appropriate time in history, but was misunderstood and persecuted by those who eventually contributed to its growth anddevelopment. This paper examined the contributions of the Greco Roman and Jewish world tothe growth of Christianity. It showed that the Greeks contributed their culture which gave Christianity its language—Greek, the language of its writings. The Romans, with their outstanding political setup, helped Christianity to grow. The Jews on the other hand contributed their religion to the growth of Christianity. The paper concludes that God prepared the world to receive both Jesus and his church. Neither before nor after that time was the world ever in such a state.


A 15-year- old adolescent, who was born after four male siblings. Her parents expected another boy, and she grew up whit a guilt complex because of this. The girl has voluntarily attended therapy as she has suffered from sorrowfulness since the age of five when her aunt sexually abused her. Her parents werw aware of these acts, but these caused no special reaction in them. This action has produced in her a despisal towards men, with the exception of her father and her brothers. In her studies, this girl does well wihout putting forth great effort, and proves to be rebellious toward social standars.Nevertheless,she does present emotional effects, anxiesty,depression,sexual phobia, and a vistimization process. An individual therapy of psychodynamic and cognitive orientation is recommended.


An isolectotype specimen of Eustichia africana deposited in the herbarium LW (Lviv, Ukraine) is discussed and illustrated here. The LW isolectotype of Eustichia africana is found to be the most complete (largest in terms of the number of plant fragments) original collection among initial syntypes (now the lectotype at PRE and numerous isolectotypes) of this taxon distributed in Rehmann's exsiccatae (and kept in W, PC, PRE, etc). A detailed description and illustration of the LW isolectotype specimen are provided. The special investigation of LW specimens of Fissidens eustichium found to confirm species status of Eustichia africana, which is different from E. longirostris (Brid.) Brid. to which sometimes E. africana was included as synonym since 1923 (while Fissidens eustichium Rehmann nom. nud. was included as synonym [to the latter taxon (= E. longirostris)] since 1894). Thus, the name and the accepted status of species Eustichia africana are resurrected.


The paper introduces the VB based communication theory and a simple and available method between PLC and IPC. And describes the design concept from both hardware conection and software programming.


Purpose – The objective of this research paper is to evaluate websites freely available on the internet from one country – Iran and to provide information about the quality of their content.Design/methodology/approach – General quality criteria were used for the evaluation. These included ownership and authorship, type of websites, purpose and scope of the sites, language, links, domain types, currency/updating of information, accessibility, services and facilities. Thus, in May and June 2004, 328 websites were selected using Yahoo, Google, Lycos, Iran Digest, and A Guide to Iranian Websites, to conduct searches. A check list was drawn up to review the information from the tools.Findings – The research revealed that among Iranian websites providing information on the internet, private sites were much more likely to be of poorer quality compared to sites of governmental organizations.Research limitations/implications – Because there are no authoritative search engines which are specifically Iranian, the da...


Introduction: The special maneuvers in the manual endodontic preparation allow the maintenance of the space projection of the root canal. Objective:The incidence of apical deviation in the preparation of curved canals when associate to the Weine's maneuver was evaluated. Methodology: Forty human molars were divided (n=10) and prepared with K file, K file combined with incremental instrumentation, flexofile and flexofile combined with incremental instrumentation. After canal preparation, accurate silicone models were made to establish the presence or absence of zip, through optic microscope. Results: the K-file presented larger percentile of apical deviation in relation to flexofile. Conclusion: The incremental maneuver associated to the K-files and flexofile, presented intermediate percentile values.


It has long been known, from the results of numerous workers, that the amount of protein required, in the reacting injection, to induce anaphylactic shock in the sensitized guinea-pig, is smaller in animals which have been sensitized for a long period, than in those tested soon after they become sensitive. No investigation appears to have been made of whether the amount of antigen needed to desensitize the tissues varies with the duration of sensitization, with the exception of some experiments on serum-sensitized guineapigs (Winter, 1944a).


The invention relates to a robot tool for machining workpieces, comprising a connecting element for connection to a robot. The invention is characterized in that a cutting blade is maintained in a predetermined position by a retaining element, said retaining element being connectible to the robot by means of the connecting element.


This paper analyzes the requirements for a social welfare-optimized transition path toward a carbon-free economy, focusing particularly on the deployment of low-carbon technologies, and the roles of engineering upgrading of extant facilities, and directed RD as is the implementation of known engineering techniques to "upgrade" existing fossil-fueled production facilities. The social-welfare efficient exercise of the available technological options is shown to involve sequencing different investment and production activities in separate temporal "phases" that together form a transition path to a sustainable low-carbon economy— one in which gross CO2-emissions do not exceed the Earth's "natural" abatement capacity. Parametric variations of the "tipping point" constraint in these models will permit exploration of the corresponding modification in the required sequencing and durations of investment and production in the phases that form the optimal transition path. The preliminary solutions (using mufti-phase optimal control methods) expose important dynamic complementarities among technological options that are often presented as substitutes by current climate policy discussions.


Cancer‐related fatigue (CRF) is associated with elevated pro‐inflammatory cytokines in the central nervous system (CNS). Previous data from our laboratory show an increase in brain IL‐1β in the ApcMin/+ mouse model of colon cancer that is associated with reduced voluntary wheel running activity. These effects occur at a time of imperceptible illness in this mouse model of CRF. MCP‐1 has been identified as an important chemokine involved in tissue macrophage recruitment and inflammation. However little is known about the CNS role of brain MCP‐1. The purpose of this study was to examine brain MCP‐1 gene expression in the ApcMin/+ mouse model of colon cancer. ApcMin/+ mice (n=11) or wildtype mice (n=8) were sacrificed at 20 weeks of age. The brain was grossly dissected (brain stem, cerebellum, cortex, frontal lobe, hippocampus, hypothalamus and mid brain) and analyzed for MCP‐1 mRNA using real time PCR. Statistical analysis of MCP‐1 was performed using a one‐way ANOVA with Student‐Newman‐Keuls post hoc analysis (P≤0.05). Gene expression of MCP‐1 was significantly increased in the cerebellum (4‐fold) and the hippocampus (3‐fold) (P<0.05) of the ApcMin/+ mouse. MCP‐1 was also increased in the cortex, frontal lobe, hypothalamus and mid brain but these did not reach statistical significance. These data suggest a potential role for brain MCP‐1in CRF in the ApcMin/+ mouse model of colon cancer.


34 seventh graders were assigned to two groups according to developmental level as defined by role-taking ability. High role-takers exhibited greater self-image disparity than low role-takers. The data support the developmental formulation that self-image disparity is positively related to developmental status. These findings indicate a positive rather than an ominous relation between self-image disparity and psychological adjustment.


For the boiler running at high altitude(high elevation,barometric depression and backland),there are some problems such as lower nominal power,reducing of efficiency and increasing of flue resistance and poor working condition etc.Based on the geographical environmental characteristics at high altitude,a boiler type DZL0.7-0.7/95/70-AⅢ to be introduced as below: construction,fan-selecting and modularization design.


—This study aims to verify about the Development of AutoCAD Tutorial Video by Using TikTok Social Media as a Learning Media in Vocational Highschool 2 Pekanbaru. This type of research is Research & Development (R&D) and using 4-D Method (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate) by Thiagarajan et al. The data collection method uses a questionnaire method which were validation testing to Learning Expert, Media Expert, and AutoCAD Teacher in SMK Negeri 2 Pekanbaru. The result of this research are: (1) Procedure that shows how to make AutoCAD Tutorial Video by Using TikTok Social Media through 4-D Method which are define, design, develop, and disseminate; (2) AutoCAD Tutorial Video by Using TikTok Social Media; (3) The result of the development by expert appraisals, which get Valid Categorized from Learning Expert, Very Valid Categorized from Media Expert, and Very Valid Categorized from AutoCAD Teacher in SMK Negeri 2 Pekanbaru. The average of Student Responsibility Test is get Very Valid Categorized. in the learning


ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To determine the performance and user experience of a novel ostomy barrier ring over a 4-week period. METHODS This single-arm investigation conducted across three clinical sites included 25 adult participants with an ileostomy for 3 months or longer. The participants used their standard ostomy pouching appliance along with a novel barrier ring for a period of 4 weeks. Skin condition was assessed using the Ostomy Skin Tool. Change in skin condition over the study period was recorded for each participant. The participants' experience in using the novel barrier ring was measured using a five-point Likert-type scale. RESULTS Twenty of the 25 participants (80%) completed the trial. Of those participants, the median Ostomy Skin Tool score at both the beginning (range, 0–8) and end was 0 (range, 0–6). In terms of skin condition, 7 participants experienced an improvement in skin condition, 11 experienced no change, and 2 got worse. A median score of 5 out of 5 was recorded for all questions relating to user experience. CONCLUSIONS Although not statistically significant, there was a clear trend toward improvements in peristomal skin condition using the novel barrier ring, even for participants who were already using a barrier ring. User feedback was positive with respect to comfort, device handling, and the perception of the device's ability to protect the skin. Further, most participants who already used a barrier ring indicated that the novel barrier ring would result in a longer wear time.


Lines in this cover show lineaments or boundaries of large lineaments interpreted from gravity and magnetic data. These lineaments are thought to reflect structures in the crust that may be related to earthquake generation or control of earthquake location. The broad Paducah gravity lineament trends southeast across the SW corner of the map area. Hildenbrand and others (1996) have interpreted that the lineament represents numerous upper-crustal mafic intrustions. Within and west of the map area, small earthquakes are aligned with the NE edge of the lineament and their abundance decreases abruptly NE across the edge. The Commerce geophysical lineament trends NE across the map area. Langenheim and Hildenbrand (1997) attribute the lineament to a mafic dike swarm of unknown age. Topographic lineaments, Quaternary offsets on mapped faults, igneous intrusions, and a few earthquakes align along the lineament. The south-central magnetic lineament trends NW across the center of the map area and extends far beyond the map area in both directions. Hildenbrand and others (1996) interpret the lineament as a 40 km wide zone of high susceptibility intrusions of intermediate composition and probable Pc age. Heigold and Kolata (1993)suggest that the lineament may represent Precambrian Proterozoic terrane boundary. Seismicity south of the lineament (Reelfoot Rift) is greater than seismicity north of the boundary (Wabash Valley), but this boundary is located further to the south and trends more northerly than the south- central magnetic lineament. Present evidence implies that this lineament is the least likely to be causally related to modern seismicity.


The author puts forward five suggestions to improve basic education.That is to pay attention to the change of teachers' teaching methods,improving the head teachers' quality,fostering students' proper interests and hobbies,cultivating their responsibility and self-confidence and the development of the whole students.


A steam-proof coating rear panel belongs to the technical field of rear panels of solar-cell panels. The steam-proof coating rear panel comprises a base layer aluminum plate, a first polyethylene terephthalate (PET) layer and a second PET layer, wherein the first PET layer and the second PET layer are respectively arranged on both sides of the base aluminum plate in matched mode, the first PET layer and the second PET layer are formed by compositing, and outer surfaces of the first PET layer and the second PET layer are coated with coatings containing fluorine. Two sides of the base aluminum plate is provided with PET layers which are coated with coatings containing fluorine, thereby effectively reducing steam transmissivity of products, enhancing loading capacity and heat conduction performance of the products, and enabling an assembly to be safe to use.


This study aims to investigated Tamarindus indica.L. chloroplast rbcL gene for ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, large subunit as the molecular marker to identified the cultivar level of Tamarindus indica.L. in Thailand. The partial rbcL gene of 19cultivars were sequences approximately 611-712 bp. The sequence alignment and Phylogenetic Tree analysis were generated by Clustal W and NJ methods. The result of nucleotide sequence alignment of partial rbcL gene for all cultivars were divided into 19 groups. The different of these groups similar to the different of local name of Tamarind cultivars in Phetchabun Province, Thailand. Base on these results indicated that 19 cultivar DNA Barcodes can supported the local opinions act as the scientific data to identification of tamarind cultivars in Thailand.


This article discusses the influence of Kant's ethics on philosophy of S. Gessen and the attempt of the latter to overcome the formalism of Kant's moral teaching. It is to be noted, that although Gessen made much use of the achievements inherent in Kant's ethics, he nevertheless came to the conclusion that the founder of the critical school in philosophy did not have the last word when it came to questions of morality. The Russian neo-Kantian philosopher thought Kant's concept of ethical duty to constitute only one level of morality. Gessen went much further reaching out to the essence of a higher order, that of love as the gift of grace.


Phosphorus (P) accumulation in paddy soils was studied by a long-term experiment (over 25 years) with rice-rice rotation system in Qiyang, Hunan province, China. Fertilizer application rates were 145 kg N/ha/year, 112.6 kg P 2O5/ha/year, 67.6 kg K 2O/ha/year.The results showed that the increases of soil Olsen-P were closely related to fertilizer application rates, rice yield and cultivation time. A model of Olsen-P accumulation was established by soil pH, initial soil Olsen-P, fertilizer application rate, yield, and cultivation time. The accumulation rate of Olsen-P could be estimated with 1.32 mg/kg/year on average. Also Olsen-P accumulation rate could be estimated with different fertilizer application rates. The model was validated well by another three independent long-term experiments with the acceptable differences between the measured and estimated Olsen-P (from 0.1 to 9.9 mg/kg). Each 100 kg P/ha surplus in paddy soils with rice-rice rotation system would increase the Olsen-P by 7.0 mg/kg. The findings will be very helpful to understand phosphorus accumulation and management in paddy soils.


Purpose – The paper aims to investigate the cultural and implementation organisational capabilities that contribute to provision of superior customer values through operationalising customer value from both the business and customer perspectives.Design/methodology/approach – Two samples were developed: one for hotel managers (n=231) and the other for hotel guests (n=385). Data for the organisational capabilities were collected from managers; data for customer value were collected from both managers and customers. Two models were tested with respect to the relationship between cultural capabilities and implementation on customer value.Findings – The results indicate that, among the cultural variables, integrated market orientation and intrapreneurship are significantly and positively related to customer value. The implementation capabilities, human resources practices and innovation are significantly related to customer value as seen by managers, but none of these was significant when regressed on customer...