Faced with the broad application prospects of MEMS inertial sensors, and in response to the current demand for sensor miniaturization, high precision and high reliability, this paper proposes a small-sized, multi-redundant three-dimensional assembly structure design based on MEMS inertial sensors, and adopts Algorithm design is carried out in the real scene, and the temperature drift and installation error of the inertial sensor are compensated. The sensor obtains information through a three-axis gyroscope and a three-axis accelerometer, and the central processing unit performs data collection, signal integration, compensation and data output, and uses algorithms such as error compensation and installation error correction in the data processing process to improve the performance of the inertial sensor. From simulation experiments, the accuracy of the inertial sensor is 0.02 degree, which verifies the feasibility of the algorithm and meets the requirements for high precision and high stability of the inertial sensor. It provides a basis for realizing the requirements of future equipment for functional integration, intelligence and light weight.


Indian Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery ¦ Volume 5 ¦ Issue 1 ¦ January-March 2018 34 and intraoperative thrombolysis improves limb salvage. Ann Surg 1997;225:518-27. 24. Conrad MF, Patton JH Jr., Parikshak M, Kralovich KA, Falimirski M. Evaluation of vascular injury in penetrating extremity trauma: Angiographers stay home/discussion. Am Surg 2002;68:269-74. 25. Eger M, Golcman L, Goldstein A, Hirsch M. The use of a temporary shunt in the management of arterial vascular injuries. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1971;132:67-70. 26. Nichols JG, Svoboda JA, Parks SN. Use of temporary intraluminal shunts in selected peripheral arterial injuries. J Trauma 1986;26:1094-6. 27. Reber PU, Patel AG, Sapio NL, Ris HB, Beck M, Kniemeyer HW, et al. Selective use of temporary intravascular shunts in coincident vascular and orthopedic upper and lower limb trauma. J Trauma 1999;47:72-6. 28. Spencer FC. Historical vignette: The introduction of arterial repair into the US marine corps, US Naval Hospital, in July-August 1952. J Trauma 2006;60:906-9. 29. Vaughan GD, Mattox KL, Feliciano DV, Beall AC Jr., Debakey ME. Surgical experience with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as a replacement graft for traumatized vessels. J Trauma 1979;19:403-8. 30. Guerrero A, Gibson K, Kralovich KA, Pipinos I, Agnostopolous P, Carter Y, et al. Limb loss following lower extremity arterial trauma: What can be done proactively? Injury 2002;33:765-9. 31. Johnson SB, Weaver FA, Yellin AE, Kelly R, Bauer M. Clinical results of decompressive dermotomy-fasciotomy. Am J Surg 1992;164:286-90.


. Discussions about domestic violence are very often done in various activities, such as seminars, workshops, and research. Various efforts of the government and non-governmental organizations have also been carried out. With a number of these actions, the phenomenon of domestic violence should no longer exist or at least decrease, but this phenomenon still exists. The aims of this article entitle The Influence of Anti-Violence Program of the "CSR" carried out by Media Institutions on Family Empowerment are to describe a research to find what variables can reduce domestic violenc. Through Empowerment Theory, Structural Functional Theory, and Learning Process Theory, it is estimated that the main cause is because the anti-violence movement was not properly socialized, so that people do not have the provision to have the power to reduce domestic violence. TherearetwomediainstitutionsinYogyakarta,namelyRakosaFemaleRadio,and JogjaTVwhichcarryoutcorporatesocialresponsibilityprogramsintheformof anti-violencesocializationthroughradiobroadcasts,televisionbroadcasts,anti-violenceconsultationsservices,andoutbonding.Throughthedistributionofques-tionnairesandin-depthinterviews,itwasfoundthattheintensityofsocialization of the anti-violence CSR program by the media institutions had an influence on family empowerment to reduce domestic violence.


Objective To study the hearing impairment in infants with cytomegalovirus(CMV) infection and therapeutic effect of ganciclovir.Methods Sixty-eight cases with CMV infection were randomly divided into treatment group(group A,38 cases,treated with additional ganciclovir) and control group(group B,30 cases,treated with protecting liver gallbladder and other symptomatic treatment only).Urine CMV-DNA and brain-stem auditory evoked potentials(BAEP) were detected before and after treatment.Results After the treatment,CMV-DNA negative rate was higher in group A than that in group B(P0.05).The PL and IPL waves of BAEP,except IPL of Ⅲ-Ⅴ wave,were lower in group A than those in group B after therapy(P0.05).Examination of wave V response threshold of hearing showed that the hearing impairment rate after therapy was lower in group A than that in group B (13.1% vs. 26.6%)(P0.05).Conclusion BAEP examination is helpful to evaluate the degree and quality of hearing impairment in infants with CMV infection in the early stage.Combined use of ganciclovir can reduce the detoxification and urine elimination of CMV viremia in short-term and the incidence of abnormal hearing in long-term.


Prior to UK Prime Minister David Cameron's speech on the country's relationship with the EU, Michael Emerson set out several hazards that his strategy was expected to face. Revisiting these hazards after the speech, he finds them to be mostly confirmed. He argues that Cameron's policy is badly defined, politically unmanageable, creates uncertainty for investment, and implies a difficult and clouded scenario for secession if this were to happen. The best that can be hoped for in Cameron's reformist agenda is some fine tuning of EU competences.


To present a testing system of vehicle-body dimensions based on photoelectric following and laser measurement technology, the construction of the system, testing principle and methods are mentioned in this paper. The system is avail of the technology of step control and the theory of 3-D outline following scan to test the vehicle outline dimensions on the direction of vehicle's length, width and height. The characteristic parameter of the automobile outline will be acquired passing calculator of computer.


In 1905 Alexander Duane collected 54 cases of limitation or absence of abduc tion and weakness of adduction of one or both eyes associated with retraction of the affected eye on adduction, narrowing of the palpebral fissure of the affected eye on adduction and tendency to widening on abduction, and described in detail 14 cases of his own. Earlier reports of this syndrome named after Duane had come from Sinclairlo and Friedenwald.6 Since then the number of recorded cases has been increasing, Danis3 collected and analysed 229 cases and interesting cases are being added to the literature. The mechanism of the anomaly is variable as all cases do not have the same aetiology. (Duke Elders). Gifford7 remarked upon their possible relationship to birth injury. The left eye is affected more commonly than the right, (Aebli') and about 10-20 'O/O cases are bilateral. (Danis3). Females are more frequently affected than males. (Walsh12). A hereditary tendency has been noted although 90 ' O / o cases are sporadic. (Duke Elders). The syndrome has been found in association with other ocular defects such as keratoconus, microphthalmos, (Waardenburg,*l Biettiz) as well as in association with deformities elsewhere in the body such as facial palsy, facial asymmetry. Klippel Feil synostosis, (Pintucci & TizioR) cervical spina bifida, and labyrinthine deafness. (Wildervanck13). Walsh12 has quoted a case of Duane's syndrome which was in combination with either a peroneal muscular atrophy or a muscular dystrophy. Recently, Regenbogen & Stein9 have described a case of syndrome of crocodile tears associated with Duane's syndrome.


The universal limiting distribution of the likelihood ratio statistic in the current status data model allows for the construction of asymptotic confidence intervals for the value of the distribution function of the survival time at a fixed point of interest, through the standard inversion procedure of the acceptance region of the likelihood ratio statistic. One advantage of this procedure lies in the fact that we can carry out interval estimation without having to contend with the problem of estimating the unknown constants that figure in the asymptotic distribution of the lVILE of the distribution function at a fixed point. We discuss some properties of the likelihood ratio based confidence intervals and also compare these intervals to those obtained using the limiting distribution of the lVILE. The quantiles of the limiting distribution of the lVILE are estimated using various methodsparametric fitting, ad-hoc nonparametric procedures and subsampling techniques. These comparisons are done both for simulated data and on a data set involving time to immunization against rubella in a population of Austrian males. The comparisons indicate that the likelihood ratio based method is preferable from several perspectives. We also obtain confidence intervals for quantiles of the distribution function of the survival time in the current status model based both on likelihood ratio inversion and the natural lVILE. Results based on simulation studies and applications to the rubella data set are He conclUCle illustrating how to extend these methods to construct confidence dimensions, with a discussion of the issues involved therein. coverage pro b'atlilite:s , illho'rv:ril Ciem30I'm:~,


The cities of Ecuador are in constant change for it is used to urban regenerations where it is tried to correct problems like lack adequate planning. The transformation of the city is a complex process where there are different variables such as the awareness of people to care for and preserve regenerated areas, maintaining order in compliance with municipal ordinances, the economy here plays an important role here as it is a commercial area , And with the regeneration will come greater benefits for this sector promoting order in the community, this work focuses on a budget of the work, detailing how much money will be spent on labor, equipment and materials and the time spent on the execution Of these activities.


This work describes the main communication services that have to be provided by any emergency network, together with their bandwidth and network requirements. One of them is voice over IP (VoIP), which is fundamental to coordinate all the necessary rescue operations during a disaster event. However, this service alone is not sufficient for the current needs of any modern (or future) public safety system. Indeed, it has to be accompanied by other important services, like video over IP (VIP) to film the incident area, the transmission of sensor data (e.g., temperature, heartbeat, etc.), and generic file transfer service. In order to design a modern and efficient emergency communication network able to support all of these applications, the first step will be the analysis of the theoretical bandwidth requirements of each network segment. Besides, we will show numerical results, obtained by means of computer simulations, in order to demonstrate that the considered services can be supported, in a reference network architecture, guaranteeing a satisfactory QoS.


The present invention relates to a battery pack (11, 35a, 35b, 55), an electric driven vehicle comprising a battery pack, an electric driven vehicle comprising a mounting space (53) for accommodating a battery pack, and a method. At least a part of the battery pack (11, 35a, 35b, 55) is mountable underneath a lower floor portion (19) of a passenger compartment (13) of the vehicle.


Acoustic surveys of bats are currently limited by the detection range of ultrasound microphones. This makes it difficult to survey bats at height, over water, or in other hard to reach locations. Drones, also known as UAVs or UASs, are becoming more affordable and feature rich, resulting in more uptake in conservation, primarily for aerial imagery. In this paper we address current limitations to acoustic bat surveys by developing three autonomous drones for surveying bats; a plane, quadcopter and boat. All three are capable of moving autonomously from one waypoint to another while carrying a bat detector to record bats and are all low cost (under US$950) with large operational ranges that make them suited to aerial transect work. Initial testing highlighted ultrasound noise generated by the drones as a major issue for recording bats from these systems. This was mitigated through iterative design of the microphone placement and the vehicles themselves. Subsequent testing in real world settings, in the presence of bats, demonstrated that bats could be recorded under autonomous navigation and that the ultrasound interference could be reduced to a negligible level. Autonomous drones offer an exciting new tool in the tool box of bat workers and researchers. They allow us to study areas previously inaccessible on foot, as well as at heights that have previously been inaccessible. We also discuss current limitations to this technology, including legal considerations, hidden costs and potential impacts on bat behaviour.


The utility model relates to a multi-shaft planetary differential speed reducer with a duplex gear, which is formed by that a planetary speed reducing mechanism and a differential speed reducing mechanism are connected in series. A planetary speed reducer comprises a sun wheel, a planetary wheel and a fixed tooth ring, wherein, the sun gear, the planetary wheel and the fixed gear ring are meshed in order; the planetary wheel is composed of two gears in rigid connection; one gear is meshed with the sun wheel and the fixed tooth ring; the other gear is meshed with a moving inner tooth ring; the diameter difference of the two gears of the duplicate gear is equal to the diameter difference of the fixed tooth ring and a moving tooth ring which is provided with a power output shaft in the axial direction. The utility model can obtain larger speed reducing ratio, simple structure, smaller volume and higher efficiency by that few components are added on the basis of the planetary speed reducer.


The reaction of phenols or 1,2-diphenols with activated alkynes took place smoothly and rapidly in the presence of a catalytic amount of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2] octane (DABCO) at room temperature and resulted in the formation of various alkenoic acid esters or 1,3-dioxole derivatives in excellent yields. The scope and limitations, together with a plausible mechanism of the reaction are disclosed in this paper.


This paper presents some of the important lindings on the atmopsheric fine FP (particle with aerodynamic diameter, d a 2.5um) and coarse particles, CP (2.5 um d a 10 um) concentrations collected from July 1988 to December 1990 using a dichotomous sampler sited at the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur. Results showed that the mean FP and CP particle concentration was 35.4 and 14.2 μg/m3, respectively, with 40% of the daily total particle, TP(i.e TP = FP + CP) concentration samples exceeded the 50 μg/m3 annual mean guideline limit. On average, the FP constitutes 71% of the TP concentration measured at the site. Elevated particle concentrations were observed to be consistent with the frequency of calm conditions and wind direction which uggests that both there the important factors influencing the quality of air in the area.

 Keyword: Air Pollution, particles, aerosols


Strawberry (Fragaria spp.) "fruit" con- sist of a fleshy receptacle and < 100 to > 300 carpels that develop into achenes, the botan- ical fruit. of achenes and weight


The spurious signal due to software malfunction, blocking device for the automatic depressurization system is prevented from being operated in the pressurized reactor system. Blocking signal, the coolant water level in the core makeup water tank is released and falls below a predetermined level. .FIELD 4


Aflatoxin contamination can occur in a wide variety of agricultural products pre- and post-harvest, posing potential severe health hazards to human and livestock. However, current methods for detecting aflatoxins are generally based on wet chemical analyses, which are time-consuming, destructive to test samples and require skilled personnel to perform, making them impossible for large-scale non-destructive screening and on-site detection. In this study, we utilized the visible/near-infrared (Vis/NIR) spectroscopy over the spectral range of 400-2500 nm to detect contamination of shelled commercial peanut kernels with the predominant aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Our results indicated the usefulness of Vis/NIR spectroscopy combined with the chemometric techniques of partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) in identifying the AFB1 contamination of peanut kernels. Both PLS-DA and LS-SVM methods provided satisfactory classification results using the full spectral information over the ranges of 410-1070 (I), 1120-2470 nm (II) and I+II. Based on the classification threshold of 20 ppb, the best PLS-DA prediction results using the full spectra yielded the average accuracy of 87.9% and overall accuracy of 88.6%. With 100 ppb as the classification threshold, the best PLS-DA model using the full spectra achieved the average accuracy of 94.0% and overall accuracy of 91.4%. Using the full spectra, the best average accuracies recorded by LS-SVM were 90.9% and 98.0%, with the classification thresholds of 20 and 100 ppb, respectively. Correspondingly, the best overall accuracies by LS-SVM were 90.0% and 97.1%. In addition, the simplified models of CARS-PLS-DA and CARS-LS-SVM also demonstrated good prediction capability in identifying the AFB1 contamination from peanut surface. Based on both classification thresholds of 20 and 100 ppb, the best CARS-PLS-DA and CARS-LS-SVM prediction results were ≥ 90.0% in both average accuracy and overall accuracy. Most importantly, the computation complexity and the employed data dimensionality were significantly reduced by using the simplified models.


Natural fractures serve a very important function in the transport of fluid through rocks, as well as in the flow of electrical charge and heat. The creation of numerically synthesized fractures can aid the study of the physical processes connected with fractures. Synthetic fracture is the term used to describe fractures that are created numerically in such a way that they share the same mean geometrical characteristics as specific natural fractures measured by profiling, by a process known as tuning. We have modified methods for producing synthetic rough surfaces whose geometric properties are tuned to mimic natural fracture surfaces in rocks in order to create synthetic fractures that are statistically identical to those found in rocks. One important such modification has been the incorporation of a method that allows the surfaces to be matched at long wavelengths and unmatched at short wavelengths, with the degree of matching varying smoothly in between, as it does for real fractures. We have compared numerically synthetic fractures created using the new method with fractures created using an existing technique that uses a mismatch wavelength as a sudden discontinuity between matched and unmatched behavior, as well as data from fractures in real rocks. This comparison has shown that the new technique provides much more realistic numerically synthesized fractures than previous methods. Synthetic fractures created with the new method have been used in normal closure and fluid flow modeling, and the results are reported in a companion paper.


Abstract : This report presents the results of a system analysis of many of the AFRL/IF programs that support target engagement under the banner of Sensor to Decision-maker to Shooter. Some of these programs cut across AFRL directorates, are funded by multiple sources and have joint service and coalition partner involvement. The analysis also included a review of the current threat and architecture issues being flagged by Air Force as important to warfighter capabilities. The analysis focused on meeting current needs as well as outlining technical design difficulties, and transition opportunities. The AFRL/IF has done an excellent job in gaining support and funding for key programs. Strong partnerships have been established across the Air Force, Joint and Coalition communities, putting AFRL/IF in a great position to make significant technical contributions leading to a fully compliant fielded capability. This report summarizes key program findings and Recommendations.


Inflammation can influence multipotency and self-renewal of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), resulting in their awakened bone-regeneration ability. Human periodontal ligament tissue-derived MSCs (PDLSCs) have been isolated, and their differentiation potential was found to be defective due to b-catenin signaling indirectly regulated by inflammatory microenvironments. Nuclear factor-jB (NF-jB) is well studied in inflammation by many different groups. The role of NF-jB needstobestudiedinPDLSCs,althoughgeneticevidenceshaverecentlyshownthatNF-jBinhibitsosteoblasticboneformation in mice. However, the mechanism as to how inflammation leads to the modulation of b-catenin and NF-jB signaling remains unclear. In this study, we investigated b-catenin and NF-jB signaling through regulation of glycogen synthase kinase 3bactivity (GSK-3b, which modulates b-catenin and NF-jB signaling) using a specific inhibitor LiCl and a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY 294002. We identified that NF-jB signaling might be more important for the regulation of osteogenesis in PDLSCs from periodontitis compared with b-catenin. BAY 11-7082 (an inhibitor of NF-jB) could inhibit phosphorylation of p65 and partly rescue the differentiation potential of PDLSCs in inflammation. Our data indicate that NF-jB has a central role in regulating osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs in inflammatory microenvironments. Given the molecular mechanisms of NF-jB in osteogenic differentiation governed by inflammation, it can be said that NF-jB helps in improving stem cell-mediated inflammatory bone disease therapy.


The biology of a marginal population of the annual Salicornia europaea agg. has been examined at La Perouse Bay, Manitoba, on the shores of Hudson Bay. Plants were confined to south-facing sites which became hypersaline in summer, but which were not covered by tides. The difference in temperature of surface sediments between south- and north-facing slopes was as much as 7 °C. Although most seedlings emerged in June, germination continued throughout the summer, but plants that appeared late in the season failed to set seed. Mortality of both seedlings and adult plants was low. Seeds or seedlings from a south-facing slope were transplanted during a 2-year period within the same site, into another south-facing site, to a north-facing site, and to an intertidal site. Germination either failed to occur or else was poor at the latter two sites. In addition, seed production of mature plants was low compared with that for individuals transplanted within south-facing sites. Additions of nitrogen to north-facing sl...


Study Design. The present study verifies the 3-dimensional anatomic features of the lateral atlantoaxial joints with reference to a local reference frame using a direct in vitro approach. Objective. To study the concordance between the axial and atlantal articular surfaces. Summary of Background Data. Detailed information of joint-configurations is imperative for understanding the complex kinematics of the upper cervical joint. Data on the quantitative morphology of the human spinal facet joints has been published, but did not include the atlanto-occipital and atlantoaxial joints. Methods. In 20 fresh spine specimens, metal markers were implanted on the cranium, the atlas, and the axis. After registration of the intact specimens, the bony segments were separated and markers and anatomic landmarks were digitized. The size, shape, and orientation relative to the local reference frame of the axis were derived from the relative position data of the joint surface landmarks. Results. The diameters and surface areas of the inferior articular surfaces of the atlas are slightly smaller than the corresponding surfaces on the superior aspects of the axis (17.7 mm and 235 mm2 vs. 17.0 and 212 mm2). In this sample of older-aged specimens, the curvature of the articulating surfaces is nearly flat. The absolute angle between the left and right surface areas is about 130° and corresponds well between axis and atlas. The orientation of the joint surfaces of axis and atlas with respect to the sagittal plane of the axis indicates a good congruency. Conclusion. There seems to be a strong relationship between the anatomic features of the lateral articulating surfaces of atlas and axis. Differences in the orientation of joint surfaces to the frontal plane may be related to deviations from the neutral position. This issue raises the problem of the definition of three-dimensional-neutral joint positions.


Arterial blockage in the petroleum industry is mostly due to the deposition of heavy organics like wax from petroleum fluids. Wax is an undesirable constituent in crude oil due to high pour points and high viscosity index. De-waxing operation is broadly classified into two types namely: one with the use of solvents and other without solvents. In this work, xylene, n-hexane, kerosene and triethanolamine (TEA) were used for de-waxing operation. Different percentages of these solvents were added to the crude oil sample and their effect on the crude oil flow properties was evaluated. All these solvents evaluated improved the flow property of crude oil. Kerosene and triethanolamine (TEA) blends was more effective than the other solvents.


The present study was undertaken to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plants. Ethanol extracts of various herbs such as turmeric (Curcuma longa), Zingiberofficinale (ginger), Piper nigrum (black pepper), cinnamon cassia (Cinnamon), Thymus Vulgaris (Thyme), Laurusnobilis (bay leaf), and Syzgiumaromaticum (Clove a) using the disc diffusion method for their antimicrobial activity against bacteria, E. coli, S. Typhimurium, E. faecium, and microbes were tested. Cinnamon extract (CE), the 130 mg / disc antibacterial activity against bacteria, E. coli, S. Typhimurium and E. Faecalis is exhibited. Thyme extract (TE), at 30 mg / disk, exhibited antibacterial activity against bacteria, E. coli, E. faecium, and E. Faecalis while the remaining medicinal plant extracts showed no activity. These results suggest that cinnamon and thyme have antibacterial activity in vitro.


I am pleased to join the JALA Edito- rial Board in presenting the much anticipated Special Issue on Robot- ics in Laboratory Automation. The primary aim of this special issue is to feature cutting-edge breakthroughs in a field that represents an original cornerstone of JALA's scope, which pertains to the use of robotics and automation technology to enhance the efficiency of research in the areas of drug development, diagnostics, microfluidics, and many other domains. Given the overwhelming response to our original Call for Abstracts, this special issue is being published in two parts, with part one being this October issue and part two being the December issue. Although JALA has published numerous special issues in recent years addressing a diverse range of fields, we feel it is important to highlight the continually evolving field of robotics in laboratory automation. This important topic played a critical role when JALA was established nearly 18 years ago. Today, we continue to explore the spectrum of innovations that push the field forward, enabling scientific professionals to conduct research and develop new technologies to increase productiv- ity, elevate data quality, reduce lab process cycle times, and enable experimentation that otherwise would be impossible. This two-part special issue features articles pertaining to the use of high-throughput screening robots in molecular biology and epigenetics studies, microfluidics in immuno- assays, the interfacing of multiwell plates with microfluidic devices, the application of novel automation technologies in a forensic genetic laboratory, recent developments in the use of automation in clinical biochemistry facilities in Australia, and the implementation of an automated, high- capacity and acoustic-based platform for assay-ready plate delivery. The multidisciplinary research featured in these studies is the result of innovation at the academic, corpo- rate, and governmental levels, which is a hallmark of the SLAS and JALA missions. This exciting line-up of articles represents the high- impact breakthroughs that JALA strives to feature from issue to issue. We hope you enjoy part one of this two-part JALA Robotics in Automation Special Issue.


The XV-15 tilt rotor has shown good handling qualities in all modes of flight; in the helicopter mode it allows precision hover and agility with low pilot workload. Vibration and noise levels are low; the conversion procedure is easy, with satisfactory acceleration or deceleration. The XV-15 handling demonstrated its potential for many civil and military applications.


We consider the co-optimization of flexible house-hold consumption, electric vehicle charging, and behind-the-meter distributed energy resources under the net energy metering tariff. Using a stochastic dynamic programming formulation, we show that the optimal co-optimization follows a procrastination threshold policy that delays and minimizes electricity purchasing for EV charging. The policy thresholds can be computed off-line, simplifying the continuous action space dynamic optimization. Empirical studies using renewable, consumption, and EV data demonstrate 30 % and 65 % improvements in customer surplus over the state-of-the-art for the typical 6 and 8-hour scheduling horizons, respectively. The impacts of net energy metering parameters on the household surplus are also demonstrated.


Among the potential anode materials, Co-based oxides have been extensively studied for application in lithiumion batteries (LIBs) because of their high theoretical capacity, controllable size and morphology. However, the practical use of Co-based oxides has been hindered by their poor cycling performance and fast capacity fading due to their significant volume changes and the aggregation of nanograins during lithium insertion/extraction. In attempts to improve the cycling performance of Co-based oxides, the design of active/inactive matrix including carbon, MO x (Zn, Fe, Mn, Ni, Ca etc) has been demonstrated as a promising solution. With this in mind, Ca-Co-based ternary oxides with suitable morphology and structure should be desirable as anode materials for LIBs, in which inactive CaO matrix generated during electrochemical cycling processes could not only buffer the volume change but also prevent the aggregation f active material, resulting in improved cycling performance. We demonstrate the prep aration of 1D hierarchical CaCo2O4 (CCO) nanofibers composed of ultrathin nanoplates, by electrospinning and controlled calcination. Significantly, the morphologies of the as-prepared 1D nanostructures can be converted from a nanoplates-innanofibers structure to hier archical nanofibers and nanoplates (Figure 1). Meanwhile, the effect of the temperature on the morphological and crystallographic phase evolution is discussed systematically Encouragingly, the applicati on of these hierarchical CCONFs as anode materials for LIBs demonstrate exceptional performance with substantially improved cycling stability and rate capability (a high reversible capacity of 650 mAh g at a current of 100 mA g -1 and remains 99.6% capacity retention over 60 cycles), which is truly superior to that of counterpart nanoplate-in-nanofiber and nanoplate structures (Figure 2). More importantly, it is believed that the simple and cost-effective strategy we describe here could be extended to the preparation of other structuretunable metal oxide nanomaterials with enhanced lithium storage properties, which in turn can be used as promising electrodes for high-performance LIBs. Figure 1 SEM images (a) of as-spun precursor nanofibers at a low magnification and high magnification (inset); SEM (b and c) and TEM (d) images of CaCo 2O4 calcinated at 650 oC for 2 h.


activity, generally the export of some basic product such as oil –are unable to experience a process of sustainable development, because in depending on changing and volatile economic activities subjects them to external realities beyond their control, transforming them into vulnerable and changeable economies. Traditionally, they apply pro-cyclicaleconomic policies that generate bonanzas during periods of high prices for the product they export, but recession, impoverishment and inflation during periods of low prices. Thus, in the bonanza years, their currencies appreciate significantly, but when prices are low they suffer sharp depreciation with devastating effects.


With the increase in rooftop photovoltaic (PV) systems at the residential level, customers owning such renewable resources can act as a source of generation for other consumers in the same network. Peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading refers to a local trading platform where the residential customers having excess PV power (prosumers) can interact with their neighbors without PV resources (customers) to improve the social welfare of society. However, the performance of a P2P market depends on the power system network constraints and trading strategy adopted for local energy trading. In this paper, we compare different trading strategies, i.e., the rule-based zero intelligent (ZI) strategy and the preference-based game theory (GT) approaches, for a constrained P2P platform. Quadratic trading loss and impedance-based network utilization fee models are suggested to define the network constraints for the P2P system. Additionally, a reluctance-based prosumer-sensitive model is developed to adjust the trading behavior of the participants under the heavy distribution losses/network fee. The presented results show that the suggested trading strategies enhanced the average welfare of the participants by approximately 17%. On average, the customers saved about $33.77 monthly, whereas the average monthly earnings of the prosumers were around $28.3. The ZI strategy enhanced the average monetary advantages of all the market participants by an average of 7% for a system having small distribution losses and a network fee as compared to the GT approach. Contrarily, for a system having high losses/a utilization fee, the GT approach improved the average welfare of the prosumers by around 75% compared to the ZI strategy. However, both trading strategies yielded competitive results compared to the traditional market under the standard values of network coefficients.


Wiper drive device according to the embodiment includes a sensor unit including the carbon micro-coil; Rainfall sensor for outputting an output value corresponding to the difference value between the first frequency and the second frequency preset according to the change of the impedance value of the sensor unit; And using an output value outputted through the said rainfall detecting and determining the precipitation whether and rainfall, and a control unit that determines the wiper driving conditions according to the determination result, wherein the first frequency is, according to the rainfall and whether rainfall and it is corresponding to a change in inductance of the carbon micro-coil changes.


This paper describes the glycine-nitrate-based solution combustion synthesis of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 as a high-voltage cathode material for lithium-ion batteries. The morphology, size, and crystallinity of the products were dependent on the synthesis conditions like glycine amount and calcination temperature and duration, as investigated in particular by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, which likewise influenced their electrochemical properties. The electrochemical performance was characterized by galvanostatic charge-discharge cycling. The product obtained at a glycine/nitrate ratio of 1, which was calcined at 800 oC for 24 h, indicated the best charge-discharge cycling performance. The sample showed an initial discharge capacity of 124.9 mAh/g and could retained 97.20% of the capacity after 50 cycles at a charge-discharge rate of 1 C. The sample also exhibited a good high-rate capability, indicating a high discharge capacity of 98 mAh/g at a rate of 10 C.


Affected by the geochemical environment, uranium exists as U4+ and U6+in the sedimentary sandstone. The transfer and enrichment of uranium are mainly controlled by the rock porosity, cementation type, cementation degree and the oxidation-reduction ability of the groundwater, and so on. Through studying uranium valance, the oxidation-reduction zones have been identified and the groundwater flowing directions have been determined in the third cycle of Wulungu River Formation in Tuosite depression, which is in accordance with the fact.


We theoretically incorporate chirality into laser cavities and utilize it to demonstrate circularly-polarized resonant modes. In absence of extrinsic magnetism, these modes may induce a net spin polarization via selection rules when lasing.


Revisionist scholarship over the last generation has immensely sharpened our understanding of medical politics. We no longer see the history of medicine as the straightforward increase of knowledge, science, and skill; or as the rise of colleges, universities, and hospitals, all representing the evolution ofa natural division ofmedical labour; or as the march, onwards and upwards, of professionalism. 1 Rather, thanks to the writings of Holloway, Waddington, and others, we now construe such issues as reform and professionalization as ideological footballs, kicked around by rival interest groups in endless and unresolved struggles to secure power, prestige, and livelihoods.2 But if medical politics has now, rightly, been spotlighted, the economics of medicine remains in the shadows. True, there have been some advances. The researches above all ofRaach, Webster, and Pelling for the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries,3 ofBurnby, Holmes, Lane, and Loudon for the eighteenth,4 and of Peterson5 for the Victorian age


The supported titanium catalyst s(FI)Ti, generated by adding (FI)TiCl3 to MAO-treated SiO2 (FI = (N-(5-methyl-3-(1-adamantyl)salicylidene)-2′-(2″-methoxyphenyl)anilinato), effects the selective trimerization of the linear α-olefins (LAOs) propene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, and 1-decene, with >95% selectivity for trimers and ∼85% selectivity to a single isomer thereof (2,3,5-trialkyl-1-hexene). Mechanistic interpretations are offered for the high regioselectivity as well as for some unusual kinetics behavior, including third-order dependence on LAO concentration and nearly identical initial rates at 0 and 25 °C.


Repetition rate stability of CW LD-pumped Nd∶YVO4/Cr4+∶YAG passively Q-switched microchip laser is investigated theoretically and experimentally.The results show that there is an optimal net gain in the cavity,which can make the laser work in the stable area.By optimizing the net gain in the cavity,the laser can work in stable area with coupled output mirror reflectivity of 85%,small-signal transmission of saturable absorber of 70%,and pump power from 1.05 W to 1.20 W.As the pump power is 1.16 W,high repetition rate output laser with repetition rate of 19.48 kHz and RMS jitter less than 0.68% is obtained.Moreover,the effects of the jitter of pump power on the repetition rate stability are studied.It is shown that jitter of pump power is the dominant factor after working in stable area.The pre-pumping technology is introduced and discussed,for reducing jitter of repetition rate from jitter of pump power.


Apollonia in Cyrenaica was founded by the Greeks as the port for the city of Cyrene, from which it is some 20 km. distant. In the Roman period its prosperity was such that it received autonomy and became one of the five cities of the Pentapolis; by the sixth century A.D. it had surpassed both Gyrene and Ptolemais in importance. Christian sources more commonly refer to Apollonia as 'Sozusa,' and it is from this Christian designation that the present Arab name of 'Susa' is derived. Witness to Apollonia's nourishing Christian life are its extensive Byzantine remains. Among these figure at least four churches, three of which have now been excavated, and what is probably the palace of the governor of the Pentapolis himself, the most recent structure to have been uncovered. What follows is a report on the 'West' Church excavated by the Department of Antiquities of the Provincial Government of Cyrenaica during the spring, summer, and fall of 1958 and again in the spring and summer of 1959. The consolidation and reconstruction of the church were begun simultaneously with the excavation and are still in progress. The West Church at Apollonia was first plotted by the Beecheys in 1821–1822. In their plan of Apollonia the church appears with a quite extensive forecomplex. Intervening time plus in some places an overlay of small Italian buildings completely obscured the outlines of the church and caused the forecomplex to disappear from view altogether. Yet excavation of the site has proved the Beecheys essentially correct.


Objectives: This study was intended to estimate perception and attitude of female high school students towards marriage and having a child, and to provide basic information for the education about positive attitude toward birth. Methods: A total of 1,682 subjects participated in this study. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire from March through September, 2005. Results: The results of the study revealed that 63.0% of total subjects said they would get married. Of 1,060 students in favor of marriage, 78.1% answered 'to be happy with a beloved spouse' as the reason for marriage, the majority of subjects wanted to get married at age between 25 and 29. Among 1,060 students who wanted to get married, 97.9% of them wanted to have offspring, however, of 622 students who did not want to get married, 16.7% of them did not want to have offspring (p Conclusions: The findings of this study signified the need for educating female high school students regarding the importance of marriage, so female high school students could have more sound perception and attitude towards healthy maternity and childbirth.


Grammatical analysis in details might be monotonous on account of its being ever so abstract.Surely,example sentences in between can bring some concrete ideas to readers,yet whether the sentences are impressive enough or not makes quite a difference.Poems,and some smart proverbs,may serve as the most effective illustrations.This paper discusses the practice of quoting poems and proverbs in general explanations in a new grammar book.


The present invention relates to a adhesive patch to measure the acoustic signals from the body of the human body or animal, the skin contact surface, to record the acoustic signals, converts the acoustic signal into a first electrical output signal and converting means for comprises a adhesive element for attaching the converting means to the skin contact surface, and transmission means for transmitting said first electrical output signals around the device.


The first volume of the inscriptions of Kyzikos 'and neighbourhood' consists entirely of gravestones found over most of northern Mysia. The editor has, however, served his public badly, by ignoring the natural method of publication by geographical areas and locations, and has chosen instead to publish the texts in the alphabetical order of the name of the deceased (or the first-named deceased). Even granted the uncertainty of provenance of many of the stones, and the fact that stones have moved considerably in the area between Kyzikos, Miletopolis and Bursa, it was surely possible to devise some simple system of publication by localities, at the same time indicating, when necessary, the uncertainty of the original provenance. It is true that the author provides an index of Fundorte, but this in no way takes the place of a regional publication. By his procedure S. has effectively prevented the reader from determining the type and style of monuments, the onomastics etc, of any particular locality. Moreover, the task of finding every village indicated in the text as the Fundort on the very illegible map at the end of the volume is an unenviable one. The nature of the problem may be illustrated by reference to the first four items. No. 1 is from Ballipinari, a village on the N. coast of the Kyzikos peninsula; no. 2 is in Bursa Museum, and comes from Alpagut, s.w. of Bursa, on the upper reaches of the Kemalpasa river, and some fifty miles from Kyzikos; no. 3 is from Karsiyaka (Perama), on the E. coast of the Kyzikos peninsula, and no. 4 is from Uluabat,' vielleicht aus Kyzikos verschleppt', Uluabat being on the shore of the lake of that name, the ancient Lake Artyna, near Karacabey. These examples suffice to show the chaotic nature of the arrangement, which conceals the historical geography of the region, and renders the volume useless as a working-tool in this respect. Regarding the inscriptions themselves, which are provided with exiguous commentaries, there is little to be said. (The illustrations are mostly satisfactory, and provide confirmation of many of the readings). In date they are almost all of the Imperial period, and in style the Totenmahl relief, often combined with bust-reliefs above or below, easily predominates. In substance the formulae are those common to the Imperial gravestones of Asia Minor, with the predominantly local use of imofivrjfixi to indicate the monument itself, be it stele, Totenmahl relief or sarcophagus. The reader should however be warned (since he will not discover the fact from an index) that the volume contains some sixty hitherto unpublished items (viz.: 30, 34, 39, 67, 71, 72, 75, 80, 94, 130, 132, 135, 138, 142, 156, 158, 162, 169, 182, 218, 220, 234, 235, 237, 244, 277, 289, 293, 294, 297, 299, 300, 304, 307, 310, 318, 328, 333, 334, 337, 342, 354, 355, 358, 360, 365, 398, 405, 411, 415, 422, 451, 457, 461, 464, 522, 543, 578), while others have hitherto only been published in Pfuhl-Mobius, Die ostgriechischen Grabreliefs (Mainz, 1977-9). S. has collected at the end the metrical epitaphs (nos. 491-543), including two transmitted only by the Greek Anthology, and one hitherto unpublished (522). In conclusion it is interesting to note the extreme scarcity of identifiable foreigners in the region: out of some nearly 600 items (including the fragments) only eleven are of foreign origin, and they are mostly from neighbouring regions, though two are from Athens (159; 271, /frijaia? Biavoplho, of the fourth century B.C.), one from Eresos (290) and one from Kallatis (510). Lexicographers will notice the new compound (unless I am mistaken) elaSairavacu (431).


an interdisciplinary search for effective ways to study the behavior of nation-states in both conflict and community-building situations. The project began with the establishment of an interdepartmental faculty seminar, including political scientists, historians, economists, psychologists, anthropologists, and sociologists, who were charged with the task of deciding on a general approach. Following several months of meetings, the seminar decided to begin with a specific conflict situation-the last six weeks before the outbreak of war in 1914. This


The performance of buried steel pipelines subjected to relative soil movements in the axial direction was investigated using full-scale pullout testing in a soil chamber. Measured axial soil loads from pullout testing of pipes buried in loose dry sand were comparable to those predicted using guidelines commonly used in practice. The peak values of axial pullout resistance observed on pipes buried in dense dry sand were several-fold (in excess of 2 times) higher than the predictions from guidelines; the observed high axial pullout resistance is primarily due to a significant increase in normal soil stresses on the pipelines, resulting from constrained dilation of dense sand during interface shear deformations. This reasoning was confirmed by direct measurement of soil stresses on pipes during full-scale testing and numerical modeling. The research findings herein suggest that the use of the coefficient of lateral earth pressure at-rest (K0) to compute axial soil loads, employing equations recommended in co...


This article discusses free transverse vibrations of a homogeneous rod. The left end of the rod is clamped, and a cylindrical weight is concentrated at the right end. The eigenfrequencies of the rod vibration are known. The purpose of this work is to determine the parameters of the end cylindrical weight of the rod (mass, moment of inertia, length and radius) by the natural frequencies of the rod vibrations. We use a partial differential equation derivative of the fourth order to solve this problem. This equation and boundary conditions are reduced to a spectral problem. To find the mass and moment of inertia of the weight, the «Method of an additional unknown» was applied. In the characteristic determinant of the spectral problem, there are terms that contain products of unknown coefficients. The essence of the «Method of an additional unknown» is that some of these products are proposed to be considered new additional unknowns, through which the rest can be expressed. It is shown that the mass and moment of inertia of the weight can be found using the three natural frequencies of the rod vibrations. Formulas for finding the length and radius of a cylindrical weight are obtained, and corresponding examples of finding unknown parameters are considered.


Airborne hyperspectral data have both high spectral and spatial resolutions. Although the finer spatial resolution allows more abundant spatial characteristics to be exhibited, the spectral variability problem remains. However, few of the current spatial-spectral target detection methods can fully exploit the spatial information while solving the spectral variability problem. In this paper, a sparse spatial-spectral conditional random field (CRF) target detection framework for airborne hyperspectral data, namely S3CRF, is proposed to address these problems, in which the unary and pairwise potential functions are designed accordingly. To model the spatial information in a larger neighborhood while solving the spectral variability problem, an object-oriented strategy is introduced to modify the residual map obtained by sparse representation. For the pairwise potential function, the adaptive local eight-neighborhood structure is constructed considering the neighboring spatial correlations. Furthermore, global spatial-contextual information is captured through the inference of S3CRF. Finally, the a posteriori probability of each pixel belonging to the target is utilized for the target detection. The experiments undertaken in this study confirmed that the proposed method can effectively suppress the background while achieving a competitive quantitative and qualitative target detection performance.


This paper reports on a new approach for the analytical inductance calculation of multi-wire coils. The presented algorithm gives a fast and accurate method for calculating the inductance of such a coil, dependent only on geometrical parameters. The results are compared to fabricated micro coils with an inductance ranging from 45 nH to 10 muH. This algorithm shows a very good agreement to the measured curve characteristic. A lumped parameter model is also developed and analyzed.


Aryl aldehydes I reacted with α-tetralone to give the corresponding 2-arylidene-1-tetralone II. Condensation of the latter chalcones with hydrazine, methylhydrazine and phenylhydrazine produced the corresponding benzo[g]indazoles III, V and VI respectively. Acetylation of the 2H-benz[g]indazole derivatives III gave the corresponding 2-acetylated compounds IV. The structure of all products was elucidated by chemical and spectroscopic methods.


This work was carried out in collaboration between all authors. Authors IOTB and BND designed the study, performed the statistical analysis and wrote the first and final draft. Author AFC managed the biochemical markers analysis and histopathological studies. Authors AJD and JDN checked the results and managed literature and scientific searches of the study. All authors read and approved the manuscript. ABSTRACT Purpose: This study was conducted to assess the effect of the ethyl acetate fraction (AcEF1) obtained from the 96% extract of Morinda morindoides extract on cardiac tissue integrity and function in rabbits. Methodology: The rabbits were divided in five groups of 6 rabbits each. Groups 2,3,4 and 5 received intraperitoneally, twice a week during four weeks, the ethyl acetate fraction at doses going from 25 to 100 μg/kg body weight while Group 1, received 1 mL of Mac Ewen fluid. Blood sampling was carried out to evaluate aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Creatine phosphokinase (CPK), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities and level of calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium and chloride in serum. The eighth week of the experiments, histopathological studies were also conducted on rabbits heart. Results: Analysis of the serum markers showed slight increases in AST, ALT, CPK activities as well as sodium, calcium and potassium concentrations (p<0.05). LDH activity, magnesium and chloride concentrations were unchanged compared to their initial values. Histopathological studies had not revealed damages in the structure of the heart. Conclusion: The ethyl acetate fraction did not exert any noxious effect on cardiac tissues and should be no toxic for cardiac tissues.


I. The Auditory Stimulus: Sound II. Peripheral Auditory Anatomy and Physiology III. Auditory Sensation IV. Auditory Perception, the Central Nervous System, and Auditory Disorders


Due to the chaotic nature of planetary dynamics, there is a non-zero probability that Mercury's orbit will become unstable in the future. Previous efforts have estimated the probability of this happening between 3 and 5 billion years in the future using a large number of direct numerical simulations with an N-body code, but were not able to obtain accurate estimates before 3 billion years in the future because Mercury instability events are too rare. In this paper we use a new rare-event sampling technique, Quantile Diffusion Monte Carlo (QDMC), to estimate that the probability of a Mercury instability event in the next 2 billion years is approximately 10−4 in the REBOUND N-body code. We show that QDMC provides unbiased probability estimates at a computational cost of up to 100 times less than direct numerical simulation. QDMC is easy to implement and could be applied to many problems in planetary dynamics in which it is necessary to estimate the probability of a rare event.


The JPEG2000 image compression standard provides many features to support interactive access to large images. These include efficient lossless and lossy compression, resolution scalability, quality scalability, region of interest coding and spatial random access. The ISO/IEC JPEG committee is in the process of finalizing the JPEG2000 Internet Protocol (JPIP) standard for interacting with JPEG2000 files. JPIP is tightly coupled to JPEG2000 and provides a powerful and flexible client-server architecture. By combining JPIP and JPEG2000 it is possible to store only one compressed file at the server and transmit the resolution, quality, and Window Of Interest (WOI) specified by the client, without having to transmit or decode the entire code-stream. This minimizes server computation, storage and bandwidth. It also reduces the latency for the client. By sending only the data that the client needs the effective compression ratio for client-server applications can be much higher than the file size compression ratio. A prototype JPIP client/server implementation is used to demonstrate resolution scalability, quality scalability and spatial random access of medical images. Efficiency, latency improvements and PSNR quality of the received images are measured as a function of the number of bytes transferred from the server to the client. The choice of JPEG2000 compression parameters, such as precincts and tiles, and the trade-offs of stateful and stateless sessions are discussed. The inclusion of radiology reports as metadata in image files is also demonstrated.


Does economic globalization influence the economic policy positions adopted by political parties in democratic countries? In this article, we identify multiple pathways through which market integration might induce ideological change among both left and right parties. Utilizing data from 51 countries between 1970 and 2014, we evaluate the degree to which leftist and rightist economic ideologies, respectively, are present in parties' platforms. We find that traditionally leftist positions are increasingly adopted by parties on both the right and the left in response to globalization. The evidence also suggests that, though there is a general tendency among parties to shift their economic platforms leftward in response to liberalization, there is significant between-country variability in the effects. An important implication of this study is that partisan ideological evolution is not driven solely by domestic forces, but by external factors, too.


Aluminum-doped ZnO (AZO) thin films was deposited by sputtering on glass substrates. Normally, the radio frequency method is applied for sputtering of insulators. However, in this study, the AZO target was made conductive, and then, the thin AZO films were deposited on it by direct current sputtering. We found that there is a significant problem involving the creation of oxygen anions at the target surface, which are then driven into the AZO films, thus resulting in a loss of conductivity due to the formation of oxygen vacancies. At first, the AZO films were deposited on silicon wafers to search for the off-axis positions. After deposition, we observed a white circle on the wafers. We investigated the distribution of surface sheet resistances on the wafer, and found that these were high within the circle (diameter: 87mm), whereas outside of it, the sheet resistances were quite low and the incidence of oxygen anions was negligible. A small aluminum fitting was made to hold the substrates in the off-axis position, and although the sputtering was carried out at room temperature, crystalline AZO films were obtained. Sputtering at 400W for 5min resulted in the best reflectance, with the AZO film reflected in the near-infrared region above 1250 nm. The maximum specular reflectance was 60% at 2500 nm and the film thickness was about 300 nm (although it was somewhat inhomogeneous, probably because of differences in the sputter-particle density). Hall measurements were performed to determine the quality of the resulting AZO films. The carrier concentration was excellent, whereas the resistivity and Hall mobility were average. ©2019 The Ceramic Society of Japan. All rights reserved.


In this paper we identify some basic requirements for model transformations for the Model Driven Architecture (MDA) approach and for a model transformation language that is used to specify these transformations. Basically such a language must be precise, allow reasoning about the applicability of speciflcations, and allow to verify that only valid models are created. Therefore we introduce the Bidirectional Object oriented Transformation Language (BOTL) and show how this language does support the veriflcation of the desired properties. A small running example illustrates our approach.


Landslides are a problem in Manjiya County. They have led to loss of life, property, crops and farmlands. The causes of landslides in this area are not scientifically known however the information from the local population indicates that the main causes of landslides are rainfall, steep slopes, soil properties and to some extent over cultivation of the soils which reduces the soil strength. This paper assesses the causes and impacts of landslides as perceived by the local population. This can form a basis for further scientific investigations.


The plant hormone auxin influences a variety of developmental and physiological processes. But the mechanism of its action is quite unclear. In order to identify and analyze the expression of auxin responsive genes, a cDNA array approach was used to screen for genes with altered expression from Arabidopsis suspension culture after IAA treatment and was identified 50 differentially expressed genes from 13824 cDNA clones. These genes were related to signal transduction, stress responses, senescence, photosynthesis, protein biosynthesis and transportation. The results provide the molecular evidence that auxin influences a variety of physiological processes and pave a way for further investigation of the mechanism of auxin action. Furthermore, we found that the expression of a ClpC (regulation subunit of Clp protease) was repressed by exogenous auxin, but increased in dark-induced senescing leaves. This suggests that ClpC may be a senescence-associated gene and can be regulated by auxin.


Abstract Wetting properties and surface topography of different polyester fabrics have been determined before and after their mechanical abrasion. As protective finishes, different surface active ether carboxylic acids were used. The influence of different weave types of the fabrics – woven and knitted – on their abrasive resistance was revealed. A comparative analysis between different ether carbon acids with respect to wettability of fabrics, surface topography parameters and mechanical treatment by abrasion was done.


This paper concerns the modelling of the strong electro-mechanical coupling appearing in micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS). These systems are very small devices (typical size of a few microns), in which electric phenomena as well as mechanical and dynamical phenomena exist. The coupling between the electric and mechanical fields induce non-linear terms in the dynamic equilibrium equations of these microscopic structures so that instability may occur. In this paper, the finite element method (FEM) is used to perform modal analysis around non-linear equilibrium positions, taking into account large displacements.


Didesmococcus koreanus Borchsenius occurs 1 generation each year and the second instar nymphs is of its overwintering and over summering generation in Xuzhou of Jiangsu province. It comes into playing at the last 10 days of next March. The female adults oviposit from the last 10 days of April to mid-May and hatch on the second 10 days of May. On the last 10 days of October, it begins overwintering. The best period for chemical control is the last 10 days of marchCoves hibernation) and the second-third co days of May (property stage of nymph ). In the optimum control stage, the controlling effect reached 76% -100% by applying Omethoate 40% ET (lOOOx) or Decis 2. 5% ET (3000x). etc.


The increasing number of tourists to urban destinations such as, Amsterdam, Barcelona, Dubrovnik, Hong Kong, and Rio de Janeiro cause a range of problems related to conflicts between visitors and residents, lack of accessibility to different areas in the cities, and damage to green spaces (Joppe, 2018; Novy, 2018). The growth focused strategies of urban destinations have created an unstainable tourism situation, which affects residents' wellbeing and quality of life detrimentally (Milano, Novelli & Cheer, 2019) In consequence, anti-tourism protests, riots and tourismphobia have emerged as reactions to problems of overtourism (e.g. Novy and Colomb, 2013; Colomb and Novy, 2016 ). Yet, there is scarce research on how anti-tourism movements differ amongst each other across contexts and from other types of social movements. In this paper we conduct a focused literature review of anti-tourism movements and tourismphobia through the lens of strategic communication (Werder, 2006). Our focus is on how anti-tourism is communicated to bring about social and political change. Communication strategies and tactics that collective actors use to influence publics, public policy, and social norms and values are mapped and analysed. Examples of strategies and tactics that are included in the analysis are formulations of problems and solutions to contested issue, campaign and message strategies, framing techniques, level of stakeholder involvement, positioning to gain legitimacy, media coverage, and communication activities. On the basis of the analysis, typical strategies of communicating anti-tourism are constructed and discussed. The strategies differ from each other in terms of execution, but share similar communication-based political agendas (cf. Bennett, 2003) that are intertwined with local issues, which makes it difficult to form a collective identity around which to organise on a global level.Keywords: anti-tourism movement, tourismphobia, urban destinations, communicationReferencesBennett, W. (2003) Communicating global activism. Information, Communication & Society, 6(2), 143-168.Colomb, C., & Novy, J. (2016) Protest and resistance in the tourist city. London: Routledge.Joppe, M. (2018) Tourism policy and governance: Quo vadis?. Tourism Management Perspectives, 25, 201–204.Milano, C., Novelli, M. & Cheer, J. (2019) Overtourism and tourismphobia: A journey through four decades of tourism development, planning and local concerns. Tourism Planning and Development, https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2019.1599604Novy, J., & Colomb, C. (2013) Struggling for the right to the (creative) city in Berlin and Hamburg: new urban social movements, new 'spaces of hope'?. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 37(5), 1816-1838.Novy, J. (2018) Urban tourism as a bone of contention: four explanatory hypotheses and a caveat. International Journal of Tourism Cities, 5(1), 63-74.Werder, K. P. (2006) Responding to activism: An experimental analysis of public relations strategy influence on attributes of publics. Journal of Public Relations Research, 18(4), 335-356. (Less)


AODV is a routing protocol that is designed for MANETs and it is using the on-demand routing method to establish the routes between nodes. The main benefit of this protocol is establishment of desired routes to destination when the source node requires and it keeps the routes as long as they are needed. The black hole attack is a common attack that can be accrued in AODV protocols. In this kind of attack, the attacker uses of one or more malicious nodes which advertise themselves in the network by setting a zero metric to all the destinations that causes all the nodes toward the data packets to these malicious nodes. The AODV is vulnerable against black hole attacks due to having network centric property, where all the nodes have to share their routing tables for each other. In this paper, we present the survey of existing mitigation methods that have been proposed to secure AODV. Keywords: Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET); Black hole attack; Cooperative Black hole attack; Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV).


The author discusses how mortality data obtained from cemetery excavations can be used to prepare life tables and to reconstruct historical populations. Mathematical formulas are presented based on the relationships between the characteristics of stable increasing stable decreasing and stationary populations. The application of these formulas makes it possible to reconstruct the population of both sexes. (summary in ENG RUS) (ANNOTATION)


The study of the translators in the cross-cultural context is an important part of modern translation studies.As a complicated cross-cultural activity,translation sees much of the translator's diversion,remolding and assimilation of the target culture due to cultural differences of the two languages.The great principles of Gadamer's philosophical hermeneutics,namely " the historicity of understanding" and " the fusion of horizons",have provided theoretical bases for the translator's cultural interpretation.The translator's cultural filtration is embodied in the choice of the work translated as well as in the translation process.It becomes more evident in literary translation and the proofs can be easily found in the translation of the contents,images and forms of the original.


In this paper a theoretical approach has been carried out using a fluid model on a bi-dust plasma which consist of two dusts negative charged different particles in an electron–ion plasma. In such system, this fluid model describe a dense strong coupled heavy dust grain together with a weak coupled light dusty particle. The bulk is immersed in a system of electrons and ions dominated by a Thomas–Fermi density distribution, where interaction and propagation of solitary dust acoustic solitary waves will be analyzed. This investigation will be carried out for arbitrary amplitude of solitary dust acoustic waves. These are originated through the presence of both dust grains in the plasma system. Therefore, it is used a set of fluid equation which determine general expressions for the concentrations of different dust particles. The onset of the Sagdeev method is then employed in order to look for influence of the light component on the quantum system. In this way there is an increasing or decreasing in the Sagdeev potential. This is a quantum effect phenomena.


The present study was conducted in 18 homegarden agroforestry systems of Assam to assess the role in the conservation of Baya Weaver Ploceus philippinus .  Observations were made on the type of host trees, location of host trees, their spatial arrangement pattern, height and diameter of host trees chosen for nesting and the number of complete and helmet stage nests.  Trail walks were employed for assessing the encounter rates of predators.  A total of 2357 individuals of potential host trees for nesting of P. philippinus were found belonging to Areca catechu (2272), Cocos nucifera (56), Phoenix sylvasticus (13) and Borassus flabellifer (16).  According to the spatial arrangement pattern of host trees, among 2272 individuals of A. catechu, 96.5% (n=2192) and 3.5% (n=80) of individuals were arranged in block and row pattern respectively.  The other three host trees were arranged in single pattern.  Among these 80 individuals of A. catechu planted in row pattern, 47.5% (n=38) had nests (complete and helmet stage) on them.  In total, 293 nests (both complete and helmet stage) were observed in A. catechu , out of which, 46.1% (n=135) were complete nests.  The other three host trees had nests in various stages of development but none of them were completed by P. philippinus .  The encounter rates of predators (arboreal mammals) was significantly higher in block patterns (2.56 ± 0.51) as compared to row patterns (0.53 ± 0.17) of host tree spatial arrangement whereas, the encounter rates of reptiles showed no statistical difference among the two patterns of host tree arrangement.  Thus, A. catechu planted in row pattern was the most preferred host tree species for nesting by P. philippinus as compared to the other three host tree species.  The height and DBH of A. catechu trees having nests varied from seven to 11 m (7.8 ± 1.11) and 10.5–16.5 cm (12.6 ± 1.4) respectively.  The homegarden agroforestry systems provided suitable habitat for survival of P. philippinus as this system has ample water sources, feeding grounds, nesting material and host tree sources and conservation attitudes of the homegarden owners, thus, suggesting that homegarden agroforestry system can be a potential site for conservation of P. philippinus in human-modified land use.


The epidemiologist studying cancer concerns himself with the frequency with which the various types occur in different groups of people. Since cancer is commonly fatal, the only human experiments directly concerned with its cause that are ethical are experiments in prevention. These are seldom practicable for social reasons, quite apart from the difficulty of dealing with the large numbers that are needed when the annual incidence of a disease is low. The epidemiologist is, therefore, usually limited to the analysis and interpretation of experiments that Nature has carried out (if we can subsume the bizarre range of human activity under this head), and it cannot be supposed that he will make any material contribution to our understanding of the mechanism by which the disease is produced comparable to that which can be made in the laboratory. Nevertheless, he does study disease in the animal whose health we are seeking to preserve, and any theory that is going to lead to practical results should be able to account for the observa tions that are made on humans. It may, therefore, be of interest to review some of the epidemiological data to see whether they can contribute to our knowledge of the origin of cancer by, for example, elucidating the genetic compo nent of susceptibility, the roles of infection and immunode ficiency, or the nature of the relationship between the risk of cancer and the intensity and duration of exposure to chemical carcinogens.


Counter-rotating (CR) compressor is a potential configuration to increase the thrust-to-weight ratio of aero-engines. The present study numerically investigated a dual-stage CR compressor by solving unsteady Reynolds-averaged Naiver–Stokes equations. The unsteady flow mechanisms were analyzed and compared for swept and baseline (radially stacked) CR rotors. Both of these rotor configurations were numerically simulated for the entire design speed line. The unsteady flow field near the mid-span and blade tip characterized by tip leakage vortex (TLV) was analyzed in detail for both near peak efficiency (NPE) and near stall (NS) conditions. According to the results, blade loading of the second rotor (R2) was much higher than that of the first rotor (R1). Moreover, the blade loading was higher in the swept rotors in comparison with the baseline CR rotors. In both baseline and swept CR compressors, the potential effect of R2 on the static pressure distribution of R1 was more significant compared to the opposite effect. Under the NS condition, the potential effect was confined in the rear zone of R1 where the potential flow of R2 passed. Despite the obvious impact of wake-induced negative jet on the flow field of R2 blade passage, the static pressure of R2 blade exhibited no evident variation except at 90% spanwise position. Although the blade loading of the swept CR compressor was increased, the potential effect of R2 on R1 was considerably reduced due to growth of axial gap between R1 and R2. Since the blade sweep improved the flow field, the wake passing effect on R2 was more moderate compared to that of the baseline CR compressor. The perturbation velocity magnitude of the swept CR compressor was approximately half of that of the baseline CR compressor. The TLV of R2 was periodically disturbed, and therefore, low axial velocity patches were observed on the TLV trajectory of R2. In addition, the swept CR compressor exhibited smaller low axial velocity patches of TLV due to weaker aerodynamic interaction between R1 and R2.


Eleven patients with delusions of infestation were treated with pimozide using a double-blind crossover technique. Ten out of 11 patients improved. The inve. s tigation showed significant relief of itch and delusions during pimozide treatment. Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) points decreased significantly. Adverse effects were few but 2 patients showed dose-related depressive reactions du ring treatment. Pimozide treatment of patients with delusions of infestation should be entrusted to der matologists, because these patients with delusions differ from most patients attending psychiatric clinics in that they have a monosymptomatic hypochondrial psychosis.


Within the debates' on popular culture pleasure has been consistently linked to mass culture and popular entertainment, to fiction, escapism and emotion. But is pleasure really something that only fictional productions can convey? Is the reception of nonfictional programs indeed ruled by categories such as rationality, respousibihty, civility, th,at seem so far apart from mass entertainment and mere pleasure? 'Can there be genre~ in starker contrast than soaps and news? We will probe into the seeming oppositions of popular and public, of fiction and nonfiction, of soap and news, of pleasure and ideology in our attempt to clarify the scope of the category pleasure..


Based on the new rule implementation of taekwondo, this paper discussed the influence on tactics and technique, on-spot judgment of our taekwondo.


Background . This paper was aimed at analysing early atherogenic signs (EAS) since they are present from the earliest stages in life onwards and can persist throughout adulthood if effective measures are not taken. Materials and methods . A cross-sectional study was made of 119 3- to 5-year-old children. An anthropometric exam (weight, size, body mass index (BMI) was completed, the family background regarding atherosclerotic risk was ascertained and blood pressure was measured three times (the average being recorded). Nutritional state was evaluated using Cuban BMI charts and blood pressure by charts for the fourth report of hypertension. Results . It was seen that BMI increased with age, greater frequency regarding obesity occurring at 5-years-old (41.1%). Six (7%) of the children had pre-hypertension/hypertension. There was a family background of atherosclerotic risk in 59.7% (a history of smoking and hypertension prevailed). Children weighing 2,500 to 3,000 grams at birth had higher BMI and blood pressure values. Conclusions . The study revealed EAS in preschool aged children, some of them having more than one sign. Higher BMI and blood pressure values in children weighing 2,500 to 3,000 grams at birth represents a warning that preventative measures should be taken from early ages in life.


Whether you mingled from morning to night or focused on a handful of small gatherings, there were many opportunities to connect, reminisce and learn something new during Alumni Weekend, June 7-9.


Transatlantic convergence of financial regulation has not made significant progress despite the considerable financial links between the United States and Europe. The changing structure and dynamic of global securities markets calls for new approaches to securities regulation. The SEC blueprint initiative represented such an approach. The initiative was geared to increasing the SEC's scope of authority in globalized and dynamic markets, but was one-sided and did not necessarily represent an international approach to globalized securities markets. The paper calls for coordinated international efforts to regulate globalized markets.


Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common and lethal cancer types worldwide, especially in Asian countries. Genetic alterations, including hyperactivation of oncogenes and loss of expression of tumor suppressor genes, greatly contribute to the initiation and progression of HCC. Here we report that down‐regulation of trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (TROP‐2) was frequently detected in HCC. Transcriptome sequencing of non‐tumor and HCC patient samples revealed down‐regulation of TROP‐2 in tumor tissues. Immunohistochemical staining showed nearly undetectable levels of TROP‐2 in HCC tissues but distinct and strong staining of TROP‐2 in adjacent non‐tumor tissues. The frequent down‐regulation of TROP‐2 expression was further confirmed in an in‐house cohort of 205 pairs of HCC patient samples and in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases. Furthermore, the down‐regulation of TROP‐2 was associated with poor overall survival of HCC patients, severe adjacent organ invasion, and poor differentiation of HCC. Using bisulfite genomic sequencing and methylation‐specific polymerase chain reaction analyses, we show that higher levels of promoter methylation were detected in the DNA samples of HCC tissues (low TROP‐2 expression) than that of the non‐tumor tissues (high TROP‐2 expression). Conclusion: Taken together, our data suggest that promoter hypermethylation contributes to the frequent down‐regulation of TROP‐2 in HCC, and that TROP‐2 down‐regulation predicts poor prognosis of HCC patients.


Sincethefirst cloning ofalpha or leukocyte interferon (IFN)intobacterial strains, Bacillus subtilis hasattracted theattention ofgenetic engineers asahostfortheexpression ofcloned genes.Thereare some important differences between B.subtilis andEscherichia coli, thelatter having beentheusualfirst choice ofmolecular biologists forthe production ofcloned gene products. B.subtilis isnota pathogen, anditdoesnotproduce endotoxins. Itdoes, however, possessa secretory systemthatreleases proteins intothemedium. Itsgenetic map iswellcharacterized, and a greatdealofinformation on large-scale cultivation ofB. subtilis isavailable since theorganism iswidely usedin industry. Onedisadvantage ofB.subtilis strains, theformation ofspores,hasbeencircumvented bythedevelopment of asporogenic B.subtilis strains. Palva etal.(8)described thesuccessful transformation of B.subtilis witha plasmid inwhichthesequenceencoding matureIFN isjoined toalpha-amylase-derived secretion vectors. Theyshowedthatbiologically active humanalpha-2 IFNissecreted intotheculture medium. Oneproblem withorganisms thathavecloned genesisthe lowexpression offoreign or abnormalproducts. Gene expression depends on environmental conditions whichdetermine cellular physiology. Inmany cases,optimal culture conditions forproduct formation are notidentical with optimal growthconditions. Therefore, product formation needstobeevaluated atdifferent growth rates. Inthis study, possibilities forestablishing arelationship betweentheproductformation ofa cloned gene andgrowthinbatchand continuous culture are demonstrated. The investigations were carried outwithaB.subtilis strain carrying thehuman alpha-2 IFNgene. MATERIALSAND METHODS


Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) is a development of GSM networks designed to share the radio channel resources dynamically between services packet service with a GSM circuit switched services. EDGE offers access standards-based packet switch in which physical channel resources are efficiently will be shared between users who are active. EDGE provides access to reach 473.6 kbps data rate, three times if compared to the previous generation (GPRS) in the case of a packet data transmission. Also EDGE is very easy to be implemented so that the operator does not need to build new networks that require a very large cost. This is because the technique is EDGE only introduces the 8-PSK modulation. Departure from the case, then at this writing describes the architecture and the allocation of EDAP EDGE (EDGE Dynamic A-bis pool) and their correlation with the speed of data.


The aim of this study is to exam the effect of microsprinkler irrigation technology under plastic film (MSPF) and to evaluate the reasonable micropore group spacing and capillary arrangement density in the greenhouse. Compared with drip irrigation under plastic film (DIPF) and microsprinkling irrigation (MSI) conditions, the effects of different micropore group spacing (L1: 30 cm micropore group spacing, L2: 50 cm micropore group spacing) and capillary arrangement density (C1: one pipe for one row, C2: one pipe for two rows, and C3: one pipe for three rows) with the MSPF on photosynthetic characteristics and fruit yield of tomatoes were studied using completely randomized trial design. The results showed that under the same irrigation amount, compared with DIPF and MSI, the photosynthetic rate of tomatoes treated with L1C2 increased by 8.24% and 13.55%, respectively. The total dry matter accumulation, yield, and water use efficiency at condition of L1C2 increased by 12.16%, 19.39%, and 10.03% compared with DIPF and 26.38%, 20.46%, and 31.02% compared with MSI, respectively. The results provide evidence that the MSPF can be applied to greenhouse tomatoes. The photosynthetic rate, total dry matter accumulation, yield, and water use efficiency of tomato leaves cultivated at a micropore group spacing of 30 cm were 1.07, 1.13, 1.14, and 1.13 times higher than those of 50 cm, respectively. With the decrease in capillary arrangement density, the photosynthetic characteristics of the tomato leaves, the total dry matter accumulation, and yield of tomatoes all experienced a decline. It is recommended to use a combination of one pipe for two rows of capillaries at a 30 cm micropore group spacing as the technical parameter of greenhouse tomato with MSPF in arid and semiarid sandy loam soils.


Some case reports and series presumed a link between malignancy and relapsing polychondritis. The most frequent described neoplasms have been hematological disorders especially myelodysplastic syndromes. Less commonly have also been reported solid neoplasms as colorectal cancer like our patient. We suggest that patients with RP should be monitored more carefully even in remission for early detection of cancer. On admission to our department, physical examination revealed thickening of both external ears with erythema of the auricles with a saddle-nose. Fine rales over both lower lung fields were heard. Ophtalmological examination revealed bilateral anterior uveitis. Computed tomography of the chest disclosed stenosis of the trachea, swelling of cartilages and bilateral main bronchus (Figure 1). All the laboratory data was with the normal range. Antinuclear antibody was negative. Auricle biopsy showed a lymphocytic infiltration around the blood vessels, which is compatible with RP. Given that our patient has recurrent chondritis of auricles, nasal cartilage and the upper respiratory tract, recurrent uveitis, the diagnosis of RP was made and the patient was treated with Prednisone: 30 mg/day for 3 weeks and the dose of prednisone was tapered with no relapse. He was admitted 3 years after for acute rectal bleeding. The pulse rate was 110 per minute, and his blood pressure was 110/70 mmHg. He stated that he lost 10 Kg in weight 2 months before. Besides, he complained of lower abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea.Laboratory studies revealed anemia at 6.9 g/dl, the leukocyte count: 5690/mm3, the platelets count: 423000/mm3. Serum electrolytes, creatinine and liver tests were with the normal range. The stool culture was negative. Tumor markers were checked: PSA were normal but he had marked elevation of CEA, CA19-9 markers of up to 325 ng/ml. The patient was transfused. Abdominal computed tomography revealed a thickness of the descending colon wall, a liver mass on the right lobe and a necrotic adenopathy (Figure 2). Colonoscopy revealed an ulcer formation and bleeding from the sigmoid colon. Colic tumor specimen showed undifferentiated adenocarcinoma. An extended right colectomy was performed. A subsequent chemotherapy was administrated. He was discharged and still receiving Prednisone: 10 mg/day without flare-up of RP. Discussion RP is a rare recurrent inflammatory diseasethat affects cartilaginous tissue, especially the ear, nose and tracheobronchial cartilage [1,3]. Our patient, having recurrent chondritis and chronic uveitis fulfilled the diagnosis criteria of Michet [1] in the absence of evidence of other disease. Introduction Relapsing polychondritis (RP) is an uncommon systemic disease which is characterized by recurrent inflammation of cartilaginous tissues, including the ears, nose, laryngotracheobronchial tree, and peripheral joints. Evidence for a significant RP-cancer association is uncommon [1]. Some case reports and series presumed a link between malignancy and RP. About 85 cases of RP associated with malignancies have been reported in the literature [2]. The most frequent described neoplasms have been hematological disorders especially myelodysplastic syndromes [1]. Less commonly solid neoplasms have also been reported [2]. Although it has been noted that RP may occur with colic cancer, colorectal cancer associated with RP remains scarce. We present a patient with chronic RP that developed acolorectal cancer 12 years later and we reviewed all cases reported in literature. Case Report A 56-year-old man was admitted in June 2012 to our department of Internal Medicine complaining of progressive weakness and dyspnae for about 3 weeks. His medical history was noteworthy of recurrent uveitis. He had hoarseness and intermittent breathlessness for greater than 9 years. At that time, there were no fever, night sweating. He was admitted repeatedly in the department of Otorhinolaryngology. A bronchoscopy showed a subglottic stenosis. The patient experienced further dyspnea, so emergency tracheostomy was performed. The patient was treated with inhaled corticosteroids and betaagonists for bronchial asthma, without a significant improvement thereafter. He reported recurrent swelling and tenderness of both ears. Check for updates


Abstract Twelve Afromontane grassland fragments and 12 control sites were created in a pine-afforested region at Groenvaly in South Africa. Three live-trapping surveys of small mammals were performed, 1 survey a year before planting, 1 immediately after planting, and one 4 years later, yielding 768 small mammals representing 8 species. In 1998, small-mammal assemblages inside the plantations were also monitored. Between 1994 and 1998, similar changes in assemblage structure occurred in control sites and experimental fragments. In small fragments, Crocidura was comparatively abundant, apparently attributable to edge effects. Despite extensive habitat disturbance through afforestation by 1998, assemblage structure and movement distances within the plantation were similar to those recorded in undisturbed grassland assemblages. We conclude that, 4 years after afforestation, small mammals do not yet experience afforestation as a major habitat fragmenting force, and that gradual fragmentation at Groenvaly yields trends in small-mammal assemblages that are quite different from those of experiments employing abrupt habitat fragmentation.


This paper presents the design of a portable 2.45 GHz textile patch antenna for WBAN applications. The textile antenna is designed with low-cost and flexible material. The proposed portable antenna design with a rectangular patch. The manufacturing results of the textile antenna respond to the design requirements of Return Loss, VSWR and Impedance. The proposed textile antenna was investigated by human body analysis for SAR evaluation at an operating frequency of 2.45 GHz. SAR results on a human body model with skin, fat, muscle and bone are within limits. safety standards of US and EU. In fact, all antenna results concluded that the designed textile antenna is a good candidate for portable body applications.


Abstract THE TRADITION OF BEGGING: STRIFE BETWEEN ECONOMICS AND RELIGION (THE STUDY OF SOCIETY BEGGING BEHAVIOR IN DEMAK). This paper is the result of a research about the begging behavior which has been done by the villagers of village Asinan, Demak. Perpetrators of begging or known by the term "wama-wama" generally were affected by economic and religious motifs. This economic motivation deals with how to earn money easily, spend few modal as well as capital gain. While religious motivations related to the perception of the perpetrators who believe that what they do is part of the rituals of the religion. In terms of the mode and form of behavior "wama-wama" varies, as accompany a mosque dome in a process, using city kamal, bring proposals and envelope models. But in general that is widely used is a proposal model. The mode is bringing a proposal of mosque and boarding school building. They deposit an amount of money that has been determined by the organizers, while the rest was the right of the offender.


Resumen en: Computer simulations were used to create perfectly ordered binary virtual samples, formed by magnetic (56.25%) and nonmagnetic (43.75%) atoms in a BCC ph...


Highly scattering media pose significant challenges for many optical imaging applications due to the loss of information inherent to the scattering process. Absorption can also result in significant degradation of image quality. However, absorption can actually improve the resolution of images transmitted through scattering media in certain cases. Here we study how the presence of absorption can enhance the quality of an image transmitted through a scattering medium, by investigating the dependence of this enhancement on the medium's scattering properties. We find that absorption-induced image resolution enhancement is substantially larger for media consisting of isotropic scatterers (e.g., dielectric nanoparticles) than for strongly forward-scattering media (e.g., biological tissue). This work leads to a broader understanding, and ultimately control, of the optical properties of strongly absorbing, scattering media.


【Objective】 To explore the attack rate of onychomadesis linked to hand,foot and mouth disease in Guangzhou.【Method】 All lab-confirmed HFMD cases were follow up by home visit and telephone survey.【Rerults】 14 of the 356 HFMD cases had been attack by onychomadesis,attack rate were 3.93%,85.71% of them were HFMD cases caused by other enterovirus infections(non-EV71 and non-CoxA16),the average number of shed nails was 735 per case,HFMD in these 14 cases had started an average of 34 days before onset of onychomadeses and the changes on the nail.【Conclusions】 Onychomadesis may occurred after HFMD,and most caused by other enterovirus infections.Further research are need to demonstrate whether or not onychomadesis is a long-term complication of HFMD.


Vertebroplasty is a minimal invasive technique in the management of osteoporotic vertebral fractures. Clinical and biomechanical investigations could show the strengthening effect of the unipedicular injection of osteoporotic vertebral bodies using different materials. Little is known about the distribution of the inhected material and the resulting biomechanical outcome. The present study was designed with the focus on investigating both, the biomechanical behaviour and the cement distribution in augmentation of osteoporotic vertebrae using the vertebroplasty technique. 40 osteoporotic vertebral bodies were injected unipedicular with an amount of 6ml of two different PMMA bone cements (Vertebroplastik/DePuy; Simplex/Stryker-Howmedica-Osteonics). Strength and stiffness were measured during axial compression. For the investigation of the cement distribution, two sections of each injected vertebral body were cut, digitally imaged and analysed by an image processing software using a specially developed procedure. The augmentation with Vertebroplastik bone cement resulted in a significant increased failure load compared to control. The use of both cements showed a significant increased resistance to further compression fractures. For the Vertebroplastik bone cement a significant better flow to the centre of the vertebral body was observed. Vertebroplasty of osteoporotic vertebral bodies by using Vertebroplastik and Simplex PMMA bone cement results in significant increased failure load and resistance to further compression under laboratory conditions. The investigation of the cement distribution showed a significant better spreading of the Vertebroplastik bone cement to the centre of the vertebral body. From the experimental point of view we recommend the augmentation of osteoporotic vertebral bodies to prevent further collapse.


In this paper we present an algorithm to fit data via exponentials when the error is measured using the max-norm. We prove the necesssary results to show that the algorithm will converge to the best approximation no matter the dataset.


Construction of the Fullerton Canal in central Nebraska affected several archaeological sites. These sites include a National Historic Landmark and some Native American burials. Both are directly associated with the Pawnee Tribe, now located in Oklahoma. Consultation began with the National Historic Landmark and four associated burials. It has now expanded to include other human remains and interpretive signs for town sites and religious sites associated with the Pawnee Tribe. Despite many unexpected complications, this case study shows the many benefits possible from consultation for both the federal agency and the Indian tribes. These include the possibility of using archaeological materials for interpreting tribal history and using resultant publicity to educate the public about respect for unmarked burials. Negative effects, such as publicizing sacred areas and drawing the attention of vandals to little known sites, must also be addressed.


Lattice ordered partial semigroups are introduced as a common abstraction of Boolean rings and lattice ordered groups. Boolean rings and lattice ordered groups are characterized as lattice ordered partial semigroups with additional properties. Compositio Mathematica 54 (1985) 51-62. © 1985 Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Dordrecht. Printed in The Netherlands.


Currently, the 33 regional audit courts are responsible to monitor the public nancial management cycle for states and municipalities and to judge the compliance of governors' acts to the laws regarding procurement and civil servants' employment from more than 20,000 governmental entities under their jurisdiction. is article aims to analyze the diversity of internal con guration of these regional audit courts and to discuss the potential associations with the nancial auditing quality their teams usually run. We conducted interviews with external auditors and IT directors from 18 courts, followed by triangulation to o cial documents from the audit courts, such as audit manuals and activities reports. e audit quality drivers were identi ed within the governmental auditing literature, supporting the evidences collected by the interviews content analysis. Despite all regional auditing bodies in Brazil were based on the Napoleonic model, the analysis indicates the identi ed con gurations vary according to the team's organization and size, auditor rotation and use of data reporting systems. e discussion shows that dissimilarities on the courts' con gurations, as they are responsible to audit a speci c country area, will contribute to a di erent coercion level on scal and accounting issues to state and municipalities, due a combination of characteristics which could mitigate or improve the audit quality. is paper additionally suggests some precautions, based on the organization alignment literature, for the use of proxies to control audit quality e ects in the public nance studies in Brazil.