A sintering experiment was carried out to obtain a large polycrystalline diamond aggregate with a desired shape. Apparatus for generating high pressure and temperature in a large volume required for sintering is described. Cubic aggregate with an edge length of about 9 mm has been otained by sintering of diamond powder in the presence of a cobalt binder at about 65 kbar and 1650°C. The obtained diamond aggregate can be used in the near future as an anvil in order to produce extremely high pressure in a substantially large volume.


The paper introduced the mapping and multiplexing methods of client signals,analyzed theoretically the justification ratio when the mapping and multiplexing the client signals, and gave the conclusion of justification ratio.


The invention provides a construction method of an external wall of a building and belongs to the field of building. The method comprises the steps of wall body outside surface layer construction, thermal insulation layer laying, wall body location, wall body spray construction, and wall surface painting. The method is high in construction efficiency, reduces the labor intensity of construction workers and the work risks, is convenient, facilitates the transportation of construction materials, improves the bonding force of a wall body outside decoration plate and a wall body and enables the external wall of a building to be beautiful and durable.


Purpose The mastoid region is ideal for studying sexual dimorphism due to its anatomical position at the base of the skull. This study aimed to determine sex in the Iranian population based on measurements of the mastoid process using different data mining algorithms. Materials and Methods This retrospective study was conducted on 190 3-dimensional cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) images of 105 women and 85 men between the ages of 18 and 70 years. On each CBCT scan, the following 9 landmarks were measured: the distance between the porion and the mastoidale; the mastoid length, height, and width; the distance between the mastoidale and the mastoid incision; the intermastoid distance (IMD); the distance between the lowest point of the mastoid triangle and the most prominent convex surface of the mastoid (MF); the distance between the most prominent convex mastoid point (IMSLD); and the intersecting angle drawn from the most prominent right and left mastoid point (MMCA). Several predictive models were constructed and their accuracy was compared using cross-validation. Results The results of the t-test revealed a statistically significant difference between the sexes in all variables except MF and MMCA. The random forest model, with an accuracy of 97.0%, had the best performance in predicting sex. The IMSLD and IMD made the largest contributions to predicting sex, while the MMCA variable had the least significant role. Conclusion These results show the possibility of developing an accurate tool using data mining algorithms for sex determination in the forensic framework.


The study critically and analytically ex-rayed the importance of Human capital management in contemporary business organizations. It is the key element in improving productivity, performance as well as competitiveness. This study thus examines the impact of Human Capital Management on organizational efficiency with particular references to the banking industry. Zenith bank PLC Calabar branch Cross River State Nigeria was used as case study. The study was anchored on the Human Capital Theory which describes HCM as the key competence, skills, knowledge and abilities of the workforce that contributes to organizations competitive advantage. One of the objectives of the study was to examine the extent to which human capital management influence organizational efficiency. The researchers pondered on what extent does human capital management influence organizational efficiency? The researchers asserted that: Human capital management does not increase organizational efficiency. An exploratory survey design was employed where questionnaire were administered to forty (40) respondents conveniently selected from staff of the Bank. Primary and secondary data were collected and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science Students (SPSS) and formulated hypotheses were tested using the simple regression model and ANOVA. The findings revealed that Human Capital has positive impact on organizations efficiency. The researchers recommended that Human Capital Development practices such as training and retraining, welfare incentives etc should be adopted often in organizations in order to galvanize the desired motivation and commitment from the workforce.


The structure and kinetics of clusters formed in the salt-induced (0.7 M NaCl) aggregation processes of polystyrene latex particles in the presence of various amounts of ethyl(hydroxyethyl)cellulose (EHEC) or the hydrophobically modified analogue (HM-EHEC) have been investigated with the aid of light scattering measurements. Under all conditions, both with and without polymer, the aggregating clusters are well described by a fractal geometry with a fractal dimension of 2.1. Three stages can be discerned in the salt-induced aggregation process of bare latex particles. In the early stage, the time evolution of the hydrodynamic radius Rh can be described by a power law Rh ∝ t0.04, followed by a steep transition zone and an exponential growth at long times. In the presence of polymer, the slow cluster size growth can be described by the above power law over the whole considered time domain. The value of the power law exponent is independent of polymer concentration and hydrophobicity of the polymer. The resul...


It is a sad reflection on human nature that crimes, misdeeds, mishaps, and mistakes are generally more newsworthy than the deeds of good men. It is therefore gratifying to read in our local newspapers about two Polish doctors who, during the German occupation, simulated a typhus epidemic by injecting patients who had other fevers with a harmless bacterium that would yield a positive test for typhus. By frightening the Germans into quarantining some 12 villages and declaring them off limits, they saved thousands of people from death camps or slave labour. One of the doctors, now 87 years old, moved to Chicago in 1958 but only recently revealed this extraordinary story.

It is more difficult to sympathise with the efforts of health activists, however well intentioned, to stop the use of amalgam dental fillings and even have dentists remove those already inserted. Numerous studies have failed to substantiate claims that released mercury causes neurological and other complications. Some 100 million Americans have such fillings, which the American Dental Association has declared safe, yet arguments continue.

In Louisville, Kentucky, a 59 year old former Chicago schoolteacher appeared on television with an artificial heart implanted six weeks earlier for terminal heart failure. Occluding the opening of his tracheotomy tube each time he spoke, he said the operation was his only chance of survival. The heart felt heavy and took some getting used to, as it did not have a heartbeat but a constant whirring sound instead.

Also last month, Cleveland Clinic cardiologists warned about a possible increased risk of cardiovascular events in patients taking the COX 2 inhibitors celecoxib and rofecoxib. Elsewhere there are fears that the recent recall of cerivastatin may cause a backlash and make doctors less aggressive in lowering cholesterol levels—an effect possibly counterbalanced by a report that the sagging economy is causing people to eat out less frequently in restaurants. Chicago's Children's Memorial Hospital is offering to perform free of charge a stem cell transplant on a 12 year old illegal immigrant from Mexico who has leukaemia. And in Illinois, the prevalence of Lyme disease has doubled since 1999, spread by ticks feeding on deer and raccoons.


Conclusions and Summary It is evident that the chorioallantoic membranes of chick embryos can oxidize glucose-6-phosphate by an enzyme system similar to that discovered by Warburg and Christian(12,13). The centrifugal supernatant fluid of homogenates contains the complete catalytic system necessary for oxidation of glucose-6-phosphate as measured in our test system. The reaction is completely dependent on hexose-6-phosphate and TPN. This finding is of particular interest since it indicates that the chorioallantoic membrane contains an alternative pathway of glucose metabolism besides the glycolytic system described pre viously (1). Homogenates of chorioallantoic membranes of the chick embryo oxidize glucoses-phosphate or fructose-6-phosphate aer-obically if TPN and pyocyanine are present. The enzyme activity which is recovered in the centrifugal supernatant fluid does not change appreciably with age of the embryo between 6 and 13 days.


In view of large interest in the improve of Al/Al alloy based Metal matrix Composite and high-temperature ceramics on the base of silicon carbide, a comprehensive review of the data on structure, properties and the known methods of processing of silicon carbide seems timely. The most striking feature of silicon carbide is its polytypism, i.e. formation of a great number of structural changes without any change in composition. Although this feature of silicon carbide was extensively studied, no systematic up to date analysis was done. The widely used reinforcing materials for these composites are silicon carbide, aluminum oxide and graphite in the form of particles or whiskers. The ceramic particles reinforced aluminum composites termed as new generation material and these tailored and engineered with specific required properties for specific application requirements. However, Al-SiC alloys based MMC provides significantly enhanced mechanical properties, high wearing resistance of the SiC/Al alloy composite is due to added SiC whiskers to the aluminum matrix and the aluminum diffuses into the SiC whisker, which leads to a high bonding strength between the whisker and matrix. The aim of this paper is to review the current research and development of Al-SiC based alloy MMC and highlighted the basic properties of silicon carbide and the advantages of using SiC over other Al/Al alloy based Metal Matrix by scrupulously choosing, balance of reinforcing phases and particularly focusing on SiC content, together with some technological reason of the manufacturing process, it is possible to optimize the properties of metal matrix composites.


While suppressing the crystallization during heating, to achieve a high refractive index, further aims to provide a glass composition which may be used in such combination ceramic substrate, in mole percent on the oxide basis, (a ) 30% to 50% of Kutomo one greater than 0% and constituent ratio of (a) and (b) (a) / (b) is 0.2 or more and 2.0 or less.


The CDGVal Roissy lines are already is service since Mid 2007; the line 1 is operated 24h/24h with 5 stations and 3,3km of tracks; the second line "LISA" limited to 2 stations and 620m of tracks is operated 20h/24h. The construction of new Airport satellites made necessary to extend the LISA line with one additional station S4. Siemens SAS Mobility is installing this new extension without operation interruption and facing the management of several challenges. First the S4 extension is going through the existing workshop, which consequently had to be destroyed so that the track can be built, and following construction phases between the existing workshop closing and the new workshop opening , in such a way that the maintenance of LISA fleet can continuously proceed. At same time, the extension will induce a fleet extension with 4 cars trains instead of married pairs; the control center which is used for both lines is needed to be upgraded and tested not stopping the operation of LISA. In addition to give a picture on the status of this project, this paper aims to explain the overall organization settled in order to manage all related constraints.


In this study, we experiment with the feasibility of wireless telemetry using a miniature wireless system fully implanted within the eye. Of significant importance is the ability to transmit signals from miniature packaged systems without undue absorption of signals. Theoretical calculations found the attenuation through the eye to be −4.5 dB in the far field region, indicating that low power transmission systems can be implemented. Through the use of multilayer integrated Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramics (LTCC) packages, telemetry data through the eye was collected and compared to transmission in free space. In animal studies done using porcine eyes, we were able to successfully transmit and receive from the implanted device in the near field and far field regions measuring 2 dB and 6 dB of power reduction respectively.


The effect of initial conditions, the degree of field atteruation, and the parameters of the inductive shunt on maximum interlamellar voltages in a traction motor with impulsive voltage variation in the power circuit of an electric locomotives is investigated. It is found that, in transient processes, the time of the appearance of the highest voltage between the collector plates must not necessarily coincide with the attainment of its highest value by the armature current.


Semiconductor DC tiny current source is the equipments that can produce pA tiny current level. It is widely used in aerospace engineering, semiconductor circuit testing, new nanomaterials research, analysis science of development of life, etc with its unique advantages of high sensitivity and resolution in producing tiny current signal. It is a new challenge to calibrate these precise semiconductor DC tiny current sources in metrology. This passage did detailed studies on the domestic and foreign existing calibration methods, then developed a high resistance box, built semiconductor DC tiny current source calibration device, and developed automatic calibration software. In this paper, also the uncertainties of the calibration results had analyzed to fulfill the calibration of this tiny current source.


The ISL laser (Intelligent Surgical Lasers, Inc.), a Nd:YLF picosecond pulse laser, is currently being used under investigational device exemption to perform microsurgery of the anterior segment of the eye. At different study sites procedures for cataract fragmentation and iridotomy, as well as for posterior capsulotomy after cataract surgery, are under evaluation. Other potential applications include: sclerostomy ab interno, the cutting of membranes in the anterior and posterior segment of the eye; corneal incisions; and corneal intrastromal effects. We discuss various clinically relevant aspects of the use of this picosecond laser. An overview of different computer controlled laser patterns is given.


Nickel migration measured in laboratory‐scale, natural soil column experiments is shown to display anomalous (non‐Fickian) transport, nonequilibrium adsorption and desorption patterns, and precipitation/dissolution. Similar experiments using a conservative tracer also exhibit anomalous behavior. The occurrence of ion exchange of nickel, mainly with calcium (but also with other soil components), is measured in both batch and flow‐through column experiments; adsorption and desorption isotherms demonstrate hysteresis. Strong retention of nickel during transport in soil columns leads to delayed initial breakthrough (∼40 pore volumes), slow increase in concentration, and extended concentration tailing at long times. We describe the mechanisms of transport and retention in terms of a continuous time random walk (CTRW) model, and use a particle tracking formulation to simulate nickel migration in the column. This approach allows us to capture the non‐Fickian transport and the subtle local effects of adsorption/desorption and precipitation/dissolution. Consideration also of preferential pathways accounts for the evolution of the measured breakthrough curve and measured spatial concentration profiles. The model uses non‐Fickian transport parameters estimated from the conservative tracer and, as a starting point, adsorption/desorption parameters based on batch experiments and a precipitation parameter based on Ksp values. The batch parameters are found to underestimate the actual amount of adsorption. We suggest that the sorption and precipitation/dissolution dynamics, and resulting breakthrough curves, are influenced strongly by preferential pathways; such pathways significantly alter the availability of sorption sites and ion availability for precipitation. Analysis of these results provides further understanding of the interaction and dynamics among transport, precipitation, and sorption mechanisms in natural soil.


Summary A second edition of Metcalfe and Chalk's Anatomy of the Dicotyledons is now being prepared more than 20 years after the first edition was published. The circumstances that led up to the publication of the first edition are described, partly for their historical interest and partly to show the status of systematic anatomy in relation to taxonomy that existed at the time. The second edition is being expanded to include not only the additional data concerning the histology of the vegetative organs that have accumulated since the first edition was published, but also to cover briefly the main taxonomic views concerning the interrelationships of families and other higher taxa that depend on other laboratory disciplines such as the study of palynology, embryology and chemotaxonomy etc., all of which are now accepted as forming parts of the general subject of taxonomy. In the second edition the arrangement of the families will be according to Takhtajan's system.


Contents: Acknowledgments Introduction Chapter 1: Amusements Chapter 2: Pop! Chapter 3: Fantasy Figures Chapter 4: Observations Chapter 5: Art for Others Chapter 6: Escapist Fantasies Chapter 7: Revisiting Art History Postscript: Collecting as an Art Chronology Solo Exhibitions Public Collections Selected Bibliography Index of Works.


Since the current eastern European diphtheria epidemic began in Moscow in 1990, Russia has experienced an almost 2-fold increase in cases annually up to 1994. The epidemic has since spread to most parts of the Newly Independent States (NIS). 50,385 cases were reported from the NIS in 1995; 99.9% of all European cases, more than 80% of the world's total, and 5% higher than the 1994 total. Between 1993 and 1994, the NIS's total number of cases increased by 144% and Russia, with 35,631 cases, accounted for 71% of the NIS total, a 10% decline compared with 1994. Although an estimated 1500 people died in the region in 1995 due to diphtheria, intensive and widespread immunization campaigns prevented even greater loss of life and even caused a reduction in case numbers for the first time last year by 10%. In the region, immunization efforts were most impressive in Russia, where the national diphtheria control program vaccinated 70% of adults and more than 85% of children. The World Health Organization's (WHO) European Office (EURO) in conjunction with UNICEF and the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies appealed for US$32 million in June 1995 to immunize the region's entire population. US$16 million have thus far been received from the US Agency for International Development, the European Community, Japan, other European countries, and others.


N2O (Nitrous oxide) is a strong greenhouse gas, and wastewater treatment process is one of the important artificial sources of N2O. Controlling N2O production and discharge in wastewater treatment process is beneficial to alleviate the greenhouse effect. Based on the mechanism of N2O production in biological nitrogen removal process, emission characteristics and influencing factors of N2O in three traditional biological nitrogen removal processes, A/A/O, SBR and oxidation ditch, and two new biological nitrogen removal processes, SBBR and CANON, have been reviewed. Furthermore, a control strategy for slowing the generation and release of N2O is proposed, which provides a reference for researchers in related field.


The aim of this paper is to present some comprehensive and extended versions of classical inequalities such as Radon's Inequality, Bergstrom's Inequality, the weighted power mean inequality, Schlomilch's Inequality and Nesbitt's Inequality on time scale calculus.


Abstract Andersen PT, Nielsen LK, Hansen AK, Toft E. Jensen BV (Departments of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Medicine C. and Cardiology. Aalborg Sygehus, Aalborg. Denmark). Serum and urinary phosphate during and after prolonged muscular ischaemia in non‐exercising men and women.


Scientists unravel the mysteries of extreme ultraviolet induced plasmas using time resolved measurements and observe new and unexpected plasma dynamics.Scientists unravel the mysteries of extreme ultraviolet induced plasmas using time resolved measurements and observe new and unexpected plasma dynamics.


In this paper, the implementation of Finger-Braille interfaces for navigation of Deaf-Blind people and the ubiquitous environment for barrier-free application are described. Finger-Braille is one of the commonly used communication methods among Deaf-Blind people in Japan. Two types of Finger-Braille devices, the vibration motor type and the solenoid type, are developed. Each device is connected to a wearable computer, so that Deaf-Blind people can use it in their daily life. In order to support the wearable computers with the Finger-Braille device, a ubiquitous environment is designed and developed at the Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), the University of Tokyo. This environment consists of wireless LAN networks, network cameras, and floor-embedded active radio frequency identification (RFID) tags. In this environment, Deaf-Blind people can be guided and can obtain various types of information by using a wearable computer equipped with the Finger-Braille device and an RFID tag reader.


Traditional Computational Auditory Scene Analysis (CASA) method separates speech signal by segmenting and grouping two steps. Combining image analysis techniques acted under correlogram into speech analysis, we propose a novel scheme for these two procedures. A 2-D wavelet transform is employed to segment the speech piths, in order to implement the onset/offset detection. For grouping, we extended a seed region growing method by a new cost function for clustering the image segments of the target speech within segmented speech correlogram. The new approach has been evaluated on mixture speech data and the results demonstrated its efficiency.


In the last decades, fire regimes in Europe have changed toward an increased occurrence of extreme fire events with large burned areas and associated impacts. Portugal is one of the countries most affected by wildfires, with extraordinary negative impacts. Postfire emergency stabilization is an important restoration practice to mitigate fire impacts in the short term. The present study aims to improve understanding of how public funding processes affect the efficiency of postfire emergency stabilization in Portugal. We analyzed the process of public funding for postfire emergency stabilization in 2009–2018 using data from public reports assessing the needs for interventions (147), open calls resulting from those reports (12), and implementation projects subsidized by the calls (517). Our results show that available funding through calls for postfire emergency stabilization responded to the needs assessed by previous reports, but there was no available funding (reports and calls) for many (37%) of the large burned areas (>1,000 ha) in 2009–2018. Furthermore, the effectiveness of public funding for postfire emergency stabilization in Portugal is limited by the financial model, lack of eligibility of relevant treatments, the constant change of calls criteria, and slow decision‐making and execution that exceeds the optimal timeframe. As a consequence, implementation of postfire emergency stabilization within an optimal timeframe is halted by insufficient financial capacity of private beneficiaries. We discuss effective funding mechanisms from other countries and suggest improvements for the funding process in Portugal.


The processing of half dry instant mussel was studied.The fuzzy comprehensive sensory evaluation was used to determine the best seasoning process.Composite deodorization liquid which was made from jasmine tea and ginger juice was used to remove the mussel's smell.The uniform design was studied to make the deodorization processing conditions.The experimental results demonstrated that the deodorization for the best technical parameters was the adding amount of jasmine tea was 3.0%,the adding amount of ginger juice was 1.0%,the deodorization temperature was 40.0℃ and the deodorization time was 100min.The best seasoning process was the adding amount of sugar was 10.0%,the adding amount of Monosodium glutamate was 2.0%,the adding amount of salt was 5.0% and the seasoning time was 70min.Under this processing,the instant mussel with good taste was full of nutrition.It was a kind of ideal healthy food.


Moral Dialectics claims that any morality has the properties of variability and it always shift along with the changes of social circumstances and people's stands of value.Meanwhile,the new value obtained after change will always be testified by the social practice.The moral in Wushu is also changeable as any other morality,and its main contents and values will be shifting in different historical surroundings and social conditions.By means of literature review,interviews with experts and comprehensive analysis,in combination with current studies in Wushu morality,the authors explore the new virtues of Wushu from the point of view of ethics and moral structures.The limitation of traditional Wushu morals relating to Wushu development in the new era is pointed out and the necessity and urgency of reconstructing a new system of Wushu morality is proposed.A new definition of the concept of Wushu morality is given and a moral system of Wushu is proposed,which is a breakthrough of the current model of a mere regulation and standard research of Wushu morality.The authors suggest that a moral system of Wushu be constructed from the ethical point of view.The framework of the system should include the following six aspects:moral activities of Wushu,moral consciousness of Wushu,moral values in Wushu,moral norms of Wushu,moral evaluation of Wushu and moral education of Wushu.This constitution is a dynamic system,which is not only part of the athletic moral values,but also is associated with the moral systems of socialism and the socialist athletic moral values with Chinese characteristics.


The antihistaminics, Benadryl and Diatrin, sensitize peripheral organs to epinephrine as well as to sympathetic stimulation. In addition, these agents inhibit amine oxidase activity.

The antihistaminic, Anergen, does not inhibit amine oxidase and its effects on effector sites responding to epinephrine and sympathetic stimulation are variable.


The appropriateness of using cold accumulators in air conditioning systems has been assessed. A cooling system with a storage tank is considered, in which ice is frozen on the outer surface of the evaporator heat exchange tubes. It is established that the accumulation of cold can lead to a significant reduction in cash costs. The analysis of the experience of using cold accumulators in air conditioning systems allows drawing the following conclusions: the most common solution for accumulating cold is the use of ice accumulators with ice freezing on the heat exchange surface of evaporators located in the storage tank; the melting mode of ice in ice accumulators with the chiller turned off is adopted in designing. The area of the heat exchange surface of the ice accumulator apparatus during cooling of ice water should be determined mainly depending on the conditions of ice melting; to freeze ice, it is necessary to increase the heat exchange surface area of the evaporator and lower the boiling point to minus 10...15 °C. Specific energy costs (kW of electricity per kW of cold) increase by 2 or more times, which reduces profit.


The gelatinization in agar jelly is remarkably inhibited by heating with an organic acid. But fruit juice makes this gelatinization inhibition action (peptization) very weak. So several experiments were made on the gelatinization promotion factors in fruit juice and the following results were obtained. 1. The jelly strength of the jelly with an organic acid is intensified by the addition of salts of organic acid. 2. The jelly strength is not influenced by the difference of minerals or of combination forms (i. e. , monobasic, bibasic or tribasic) of the salt of organic acid. From those results, it can be inferred that in agar jelly, both gelatinization promotion action and inhibition action of organic acid peptization are caused by the salts of organic acid (mainly potassium citrate) in fruit juice.


Abstract This work presents a refined multi-phase-lags theory for thermoelastic response of half-space medium with the inclusion of gravity. The wave propagation of a gravitated piezo-thermoelastic half-space has been presented. Additional equation for the piezoelectric material is added to get four partial differential equations. All coupled equations have been resolved exactly due to the normal mode model. A harmonic wave solution is adopted to derive the main variables of the medium. The displacements, temperature, and electric potential have been obtained. Consequently, the electric displacements and thermomechanical stresses have been also obtained. A comparison is made to show the dependency of all field on the inclusion of gravity. Most fields are very sensitive to the variation of the gravity factor. Results are tabulated to serve as benchmarks for future comparisons and other results have been displayed to show the physical meaning of the phenomena.


The demands now made upon the sensitivity and reliability of some classes of electromechanical instruments make it imperative that particulate and other contamination should be excluded from the instrument during assembly. For this purpose it is now usual to install special 'Clean Areas' in which such instruments may be assembled under conditions of extreme cleanliness. The paper summarizes modern practice in the planning, design, and operation of clean areas in a manner which it is hoped will provide guidance to those having to build or operate such areas. Mention is made of ways in which the design of components and equipment can assist clean assembly and the hope is expressed that the technology of clean assembly may be put on a more rational basis by means of a scientific study of the ways in which contamination can enter and disturb instruments and mechanisms.


This work covers the implementation of a Machine Learning-based multi-modal biometric authentication system for Automatic Teller Machines (ATMs). The system will be trained to identify and recognize the user's facial biometric signature, even if the user is wearing feature-altering add-ons. The work addresses specifically add-ons affecting the appearance of the hair and facial features. The work takes practicality and convenience into consideration while attempting to address security-related concerns regarding granting access to an ATM.


This annual report for the Inhalation Toxicology Research Institute for 1992-1993 consists of 60 individual reports prepared separately by investigators describing progress in their own projects. Most papers are 2-5 pages long.


Skeletal muscle hypertrophy is promoted by in vivo administration of beta-adrenergic receptor (betaAR) agonists. These compounds presumably exert their physiological action through the betaAR, and alterations in the population of betaAR could potentially change the ability of the cell to respond to the betaAR agonists. Since the intracellular chemical signal generated by the betaAR is cyclic AMP (cAMP), experiments were initiated in primary chicken muscle cell cultures to determine if artificial elevation of intracellular cAMP by treatment with forskolin would alter the population of functional betaAR expressed on the surface of muscle cells. Chicken skeletal muscle cells after 7 days in culture were employed for the experiments because muscle cells have attained a steady state with respect to muscle protein metabolism at this stage. Cells were treated with 0-10 microM forskolin for a total of three days. At the end of the 1, 2, and 3 day treatment intervals, the concentration of cAMP and the betaAR population were measured. Receptor population was measured in intact muscle cell cultures as the difference between total binding of [H-3]CGP-12177 and non-specific binding of [H-3]CGP-12177 in the presence of 1 microM propranolol. Intracellular cAMP concentration was measured by radioimmunoassay. The concentration of cAMP in forskolin-treated cells increased up to 10-fold in a dose dependent manner. Increasing concentrations of forskolin also led to an increase in betaAR population, with a maximum increase of approximately 50% at 10 microM. This increase in PAR population was apparent after only 1 day of treatment, and the pattern of increase was maintained for all 3 days of the treatment period. Thus, increasing the intracellular concentration of cAMP leads to up-regulation of betaAR population. The effect of forskolin on the quantity and apparent synthesis rate of the heavy chain of myosin (mhc) were also investigated. A maximum increase of 50% in the quantity of mhc was observed at 0.2 microM forskolin, but higher concentrations of forskolin reduced the quantity of mhc back to control levels.


In a long time,China's fiscal expenditure for education focuses on compulsory education and higher education.So vocational education is short of appropriation from public finance.The situation results in the shortage of skilled workers and restricts China's economic development.The paper analyzes why vocational education drops behind,explains the necessity to give more fiscal support to vocational education,and put forward measures and suggestions.


Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is, nowadays, the dominant practical application in the quantum technologies field. Nevertheless, extracting secure keys from a physical implementation of a QKD system remains a complicated procedure. In this paper, post-processing algorithms were implemented to extract secret keys from a Continuous-Variable QKD (CV-QKD) system. The Discrete Modulated Four State CV-QKD protocol was considered due to lower complexity in the reconciliation procedure. The secret keys were extracted considering Maximum-Likelihood Estimators (MLEs) for parameter estimation, Iterative Low-Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes complemented with the Sum-Product Algorithm and error groups iterative reconciliation for information reconciliation, and the Toeplitz matrix as the universal hash function for privacy amplification. The post-processing algorithms were applied to extract secret keys from a simulated implementation of the Discrete Modulated Four State CV-QKD protocol, with double homodyne detection.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the question of whether the differences between meaning in philosophy and meaning in information retrieval (IR) have implications for the use of philosophy in supporting research in IR.Design/methodology/approach – The approach takes the form of a conceptual analysis and literature review.Findings – There are some differences in the role of meaning in terms of purpose, content and use which should be clarified in order to assist a productive relationship between the philosophy of language and IR.Research limitations/implications – This provides some new theoretical insights into the philosophical context of IR. It suggests that further productive work on the central concepts within IR could be achieved through the use of a methodology which analyses how exactly these concepts are discussed in other disciplines and the implications of any differences in the way in which they may operate in IR.Originality/value – The paper suggests a new perspective on the r...


Negative processes in the youth environment, connected with decrease in level of her spiritual and physical health, put before the Russian society and scientific community a problem of search of ways of an exit from the created situation, the sotsializatsionny system which was characterized by crisis. In this article the author focuses attention to roles of such important agent of socialization of youth, as sports.


I T I F The Information Technology & Innovation Foundation With the emergence of the Internet economy, a host of middlemen in a variety of service, retail, and professional industries have worked to erect all manner of legal, regulatory, and marketplace barriers to hobble online competitors.1 Rather than compete fairly in the marketplace, these incumbent professional interests have sought to stifl e online competition, despite the fact that the benefi ts to consumers are considerable.


Advancements in technology have led to the ability to tag virtually any cell with magnetic particles so long as the surface protein is known. In theory, these tagged cells may then be identified, imaged, or manipulated by magnetic force. In vitro separation using a magnetized stent and magnetically tagged cells was demonstrated by [1]. The motivation for this work was to investigate the feasibility of a magnetized inferior vena cava (IVC) filter for in vivo separation of metastatic cancer cells from the bloodstream. In use, the device would consist of a standard IVC filter plated with nickel, making it paramagnetic yet still biocompatible. The IVC filter is placed inside the vena cava, as is routinely done for other applications. Permanent magnets, which the patient would wear as an external vest, generate a field and the presence of the magnetized filter within this field can attract magnetic particles to the filter. In particular, our goal was to develop a numerical model that could be used to assess the feasibility and performance of such a device over a range of design space.Copyright © 2013 by ASME


The subject of this thesis is the investigation of novel technologies for mode-locking of diode-pumped, solid-state lasers. Novel saturable absorbers are used: quantum dots (QDs) and carbon nanotub ...


Pain is a uniquely individual experience. Previous studies have highlighted changes in brain activation and morphology associated with inter- and intra-individual pain perception. In this study we sought to characterize brain mechanisms associated with individual differences in pain in a large sample of healthy participants (N = 101). Pain ratings varied widely across individuals. Moreover, individuals reported changes in pain evoked by small differences in stimulus intensity in a manner congruent with their pain sensitivity, further supporting the utility of subjective reporting as a measure of the true individual experience. However, brain activation related to inter-individual differences in pain was not detected, despite clear sensitivity of the BOLD signal to small differences in noxious stimulus intensities within individuals. These findings raise questions about the utility of fMRI as an objective measure to infer reported pain intensity.


In the dictionary the word livelihood refers to a 'means of living'. In development thinking, livelihood refers to the way people make a living. The basic problem of rural area is problem of underemployment rather than unemployment and it is high incidence of unemployment and underemployment among the economically weaker sections. If we have a look in the third world countries, then it appears that, one of the important sources of livelihood is forest resources. Local people living in forest area depend on forests resources for various products such as fuel wood, construction materials, medicine, food etc. There are three ways in which forest provides livelihoods for the tribal communities living in the forest fringe villages. They are direct employment, self employment and secondary employment. Under these circumstances, in the present paper an attempt has been made to judge the contribution of the forest resources in the livelihood of the poor rural people of tribal communities living in and around the forest of Jangalmahal area of Bankura district.


The actual equipments and interrelated standards of equipments for escaping in high-rise building were introduced.Through analyzing all kinds of the escaping equipments,the strongpoint and the defect of those equipments were summarized and the suitable place to use those equipments was defined.There are no many equipments using at high-rise and super high-rise buildings for multi person escape with mature technology and with successful cases.The lack of flexibility about the installation site of box descent control device can be solved by setting orbit on the top of the buildings.There are no relative Codes to normalize the use of escape device at buildings higher than 60 m.Suggestions for developing further equipment and constituting new interrelated standard were put forward.


The popularity of smart devices and the increase of access rate are switching Internet from link-centric (host-to-host) to content-centric (user-to-content). Since the primary purpose of users is to find their desired contents from the Internet, the traditional host-to-host structure will cause lots of useless traffic and decrease the network efficiency. Content-centric network (CCN) is then introduced to solve this embarrassed situation. As a new-born technology, CCN has not fully explored its potential to utilize the knowledge embedded in the contents. Hence, we propose to enhance the information extraction capability of CCN with data driving methods. Specifically, we add a label vector containing feature descriptions for each content, and then apply neural network (NN) to model users' behavior and predict their responses to new contents. To further increase prediction accuracy and potential benefits, we group users into different cells. The behavior sets of users in a cell at different time intervals are modeled by a series of NNs. Moreover, we design a new caching policy to improve network caching efficiency. Benefits in other aspects and future research directions are also discussed. Quantitative evaluations of the proposed model and caching policy are presented in the end of this paper.


Whereas some areas experienced relatively good rains during late summer and early autumn, many parts of the province were not so fortunate and have experienced no further rain during the entire winter and early spring period. The result of this is that most areas are now extremely dry with river and dam levels dropping substantially.


The Environmental Design Technical Group (EDTG) is concerned with the relationship between human behavior and the designed environment. The objective is to foster and encourage the integration of ergonomic principles into the design of environments. In 2015/2016, a 'special issue' of WORK: A Journal of Prevention, Assessment and Rehabilitation will be dedicated to Environmental Design and consists of papers on built environments, (i.e. offices, healthcare buildings), and vehicle interiors, (i.e. car and aircrafts). The effects of surroundings around humans on humans are studied. This panel will highlight several of these papers and feature several of the authors. Topics and discussions will include the relationship between the interior environment, human performance, and comfort, thus leading to guidelines requirements or suggestions for environmental design improvement. Additionally, the co-editors will discuss the responsibilities and process of preparing the articles for a Special Issue on Environmental Design.


Two novel nitric oxide (NO)-releasing oxatriazole derivatives, GEA 3162 and GEA 3175, and an earlier known NO donor, S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), inhibited cell proliferation and enhanced cGMP production in a concentration-dependent manner in human lymphocytes activated by lectin mitogen concanavalin A (ConA). The possible mediator role of cGMP in the antiproliferative action of NO donors was tested by pharmacological means. An inhibitor of guanylate cyclase, 1H[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3,-a]quinoxalin-1-one, inhibited NO donorinduced cGMP production, whereas the antiproliferative action of NO donors remained unaltered. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors zaprinast and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine potentiated and prolonged NO donor-induced increase in the concentrations of cGMP but did not enhance the antiproliferative action of NO donors. In addition, two analogs of cGMP, 8-bromo-cGMP and a more cell-permeable compound, 8-p-chlorophenylthiocGMP, did not inhibit ConA-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation when used in concentrations of up to 300 mM. At millimolar concentrations, 8-bromo-cGMP had a moderate inhibitory action. These results suggest that nitric oxide-releasing oxatriazole derivatives inhibit proliferative responses in human lymphocytes by a cGMP-independent manner. NO is a chemical messenger and effector molecule involved in the regulation of neural communication, blood vessel tone, platelet activation and immune responses (Moncada et al., 1991; Moilanen and Vapaatalo, 1995). NO activates guanylate cyclase and increases the concentration of cGMP, which mediates several physiological actions of NO (Ignarro, 1991; Moncada et al., 1991). In the immune system, NO has been recognized as an important effector molecule for macrophages in their cytotoxic and cytostatic activity toward pathogens and tumor cell targets (see MacMicking et al., 1997). In addition, NO regulates host immunity as a suppressor of T lymphocyte responses. The production of large amounts of NO by activated macrophages was found to suppress lectinand alloantigeninduced lymphocyte proliferation in vitro (Albina et al., 1991; Mills, 1991). The principal modulatory effect of NO was down-regulation of T cell proliferation but not cytokine production (Merryman et al., 1993; Marcinkiewicz et al., 1996). In addition, NO produced by macrophages inhibits T cell proliferation in experimentally induced infections such as murine trypanosomiasis and mycobacterial infections (Schleifer and Mansfield, 1993; Maw et al., 1997). There also are data supporting the mediator role of NO in the tumor-induced suppression of lymphocyte proliferation (Lejeune et al.,


Urban transport and land use plans are discussed with reference to the metropolitan cities of South Asia. The importance of cycling and other non-motorised forms of transport in such countries is stressed but these make the traffic very heterogeneous. Growth in the ownership of 2- and 3-wheeled motorised vehicles is expected, particularly in India and China. Detailed studies in Delhi, India showed that all forms of transport use all types of roads without any segregation, except that which occurs on multi-lane roads where motorised vehicles use the right hand lane(s), in which the buses have to stop. In single lane roads where all traffic must mix, rates of flow were much slower than on multi-lane roads and the provision of cycle lanes would be advantageous. The introduction of bus lanes in Delhi was unsuccessful in the absence of cycle lanes. The benefits in reducing accidents involving vulnerable road users are outlined. The future benefits of promoting non-motorised transport are outlined. For the covering abstract see ITRD E110069.


If you have ever wondered how to get away with illegal logging or what the secret is to making good plum brandy then Disrupted Landscapes will have you on the edge of your seat. Dorondel guides the...


An integrated study of the zooarchaeological, iconographic, and artefactual data from the Etruscan site of Poggio Civitate (Murlo, Italy), inhabited from the eighth to the sixth century bc, reveals intra-site differences in the distribution and disposal of animal body parts and species represented, including wild animals. Smaller mammals and birds that would be trapped are encountered more frequently in the site's workshop area and larger prey (deer, wolf, bear, and aurochs) that would be hunted are found more often in the area of the elite residence. We suggest that some of these remains are evidence that hunting was for the purpose of trophy display by the elites of Poggio Civitate and we discuss the social implications of such an activity in this community.


On the basis of concept design that involves both structural and architectural performance, this paper puts forward a new reinforced concrete high-rise building structure with a new special-shaped shear walls, presents an experimental study of the seismic performance of the new special-shaped shear walls under low reversed cyclic loading using MTS electro hydraulic servo system. Compared with experimental results, a finite element analysis on this special-shaped shear wall structure, which considers the nonlinearity of concrete structure, is found suitable. It shows that the experimental results fairly confirms to the calculated values, which indicates that this new structure has advantages as good architectural function, big effective space, high overall lateral stiffness, fine ductility, advanced seismic behavior, etc.. That is, the close agreement between the theoretical and experimental results indicates the proposed shear wall structure has wide applications.


The basic requirement of conversion words is same voice and similar meaning.Conversion words at least have two systems of relative grammatical function as its feature.Conversion words have three main types:the multi-category of national words,the multi-category of empty words and the multi-category of national words and empty words.The major causes of the phenomenon of words conversion are as follows:meaning derivation;use of words;imitation of Europeanize grammar;absorption of the usage of dialect.


Abstract Sedimentary rocks of the Uinta Mountain Group (northeastern Utah) preserve fossils deposited in a marine setting during middle Neoproterozoic time. Although well preserved, species diversity is much lower than many other midddle Neoproterozoic siliciclastic deposits. Microfossil assemblages are mostly limited to Leiosphaeridia sp., Bavlinella faveolata, and filaments. Diverse ornamented acritarchs, vase-shaped microfossils, and the macroscopic compression fossil Chuaria circularis, also occur, but are much more rare. Although the Uinta Mountain Group does not preserve as wide a range of facies as other middle Neoproterozoic units – the unit is carbonate-free – it is unlikely that preservation alone can account for its relatively limited fossil diversity. Rather, the Uinta Mountain Group likely records deposition in an environment that was inimical to most eukaryotes.


In recent years more and more people have been sick-listed due to stress and it has happened to more women than men. The purpose of this paper is to see if recoveringfrom stress related states of i ...


[Objective]To observe the spleen qi and activating blood the treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis of the clinical efficacy.[Method]42 patients with atrophic gastritis patients were taking the spleen qi decoction Decoction,everyday once,sooner or later,each serving a second.[Results]The clinical cure 36 ca- ses,accounting for 85.72%;markedly effective in 4 cases,accounting for 9.52%;ineffective in 2 cases,accounting for 4.76%,the total effective rate 95.24%.[Conclusion]The spleen Qi decoction is effective in treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis,no side effects.


The goal of the research is to assess the bioenergy efficiency of individual elements of sugar beet growing technology.
Materials and methods. The experiment was conducted at the Training and Production Center (BCC) of Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University in 2015-2017. All field experiments were conduct on the background of the main fertilizer. Under the basic cultivation of the soil 40 t/h of manure and N120P100K140 mineral fertilizers (a.s.) were introduced, on the basis of the planned yield of 70 t/ha. Norms of organic and mineral fertilizers were calculated taking into account the presence of nutrients in the soil and the coefficient of their removal by sugar beet.
The results of research. For the energy assessment of the elements of sugar beet cultivation technology in the central part of the Right-bank Forest-steppe zone of Ukraine, the cost of the total energy per unit area was determined by the technological maps, which were grouped and analyzed according to the following articles: seeds, fertilizers, fuels and lubricants, mechanized and manual work, and etc. The energy efficiency was determined by the energy efficiency ratio (Cee) – the ratio of the difference between the reproduced energy (energy consumption of the crop) and the consumed energy efficiency coefficient where the seed with the laboratory similarity was sown more than 95 % – (Cee = 5.51). When used for sowing seeds with a laboratory similarity of more than 91–95 %, the energy efficiency was slightly lower than that of sowing seeds more than 95 % and was 5.42.
With the increasing of plant density to harvesting from 80–90 to 101–110 thousand/ha, the energy output from the harvest increased from 829521 to 905520 MJ, but due to higher yields in variants where the plant density was 101-110 thousand/ha of energy, comparatively before control was higher. The energy efficiency ratio tended to decrease both for the use of hybrids and for the introduction of trace elements in the feed and amounted to 5.57–6.08.
Conclusions. It is proved that the developed agrotechnological measures for sugar beet cultivation in the line hybrid – the quality of the seeds – the plant stomatal density – fertilizers – the duration of the vegetation period, provide a high economic effect.
The formation of optimal sugar beet seeding on the area provided the highest yield of energy with the yield on variants with double application of microfertilizers in the non-root nutrition.
Key words: sugar beets, bioenergy efficiency, similarity of sown seeds, plant density, varietal composition, foliar nutrition, duration of vegetation period.


[Objective]To investigate the direct method for determination of nitrofuran residues in bushmeat.[Methods]ELISA was applied to determine nitrofurazone metabolite SEM in bushmeat,which reflected the drug residues.[Results]The recoveries of the method ranged from 81.0%~90.0%,the relative standard deviation(RSD) was 13.2%.This method compared with HPLC,the results showed no significant difference(P0.05).[Conclusion]Direct determination of nitrofuran metabolites SEM in bushmeat by ELISA has the advantage of accurate,simple and rapid.


Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) is a three-dimensional X-ray imaging modality that has the potential to decrease the superimposition effect of breast structural noise, thereby increasing lesion conspicuity. To further improve breast cancer detection, our work has been devoted to develop a prototype for contrast-enhanced dual-energy tomosynthesis (CEDET). CEDET involves the injection of an iodinated contrast agent and measures the relative increase in uptake of contrast in the suspected breast cancer lesion. Either temporal or dual-energy subtraction techniques may be used to implement CEDET. Both 2D contrast-enhanced dual-energy mammography and 3D tomosynthesis can be applied. Here we present the design of a prototype CEDET system based on the Siemens MAMMOMAT Inspiration and employing two additional high-energy filters in addition to the standard Rh filter, the latter being used for the low-energy acquisitions. A quality factor of squared signal-difference-to-noise-ratio of iodine per pixel area and average glandular dose as a function of breast thickness is used to optimize the filter material, the filter thickness, and the tube voltage. The average glandular dose can be calculated from the entrance surface air kerma using computed conversion coefficients DgN for the used X-ray spectra. We also present the results of DQE measurements of the amorphous selenium detector involved. Finally, results of phantom tests for tomosynthesis acquisition and first clinical data in the 2D mode will be shown.


The tungsten mineral wolframite was known in the tin mines of the Saxony-Bohemia region long before the element itself was discovered. The origin of the word is assumed to be derived from the German words "wolf, meaning beast of prey, and "rham", meaning froth. "It eats up tin as a wolf eats up sheep". The writers of the period before 1781 had vague ideas as to the composition of the mineral that they had named. Tin miners called the mineral "mock-lead", an ore containing iron, arsenic, tin and a nonmetallic earth, or glassy earth containing iron and tin.


The co-condesation polymer of cyanurotriamide and nitrogenous base S with formaldehyde as the coupler and a capping agnt can be used as a good retanning agent. The effects of capping agent quantity and monomer ratio on the properties of the product are studied.


It is show the results of radial fan tests under various values of ambient air density. It is proved that decreasing of air density from 1,2 up to 0,8 kg/m3 fan efficiency may also decrease by 15%.


Introduction According to Dodd et al. (2010) plum volumes increased from 1.05 m cartons in 1983, to 8.9 m cartons in 2007. With the everincreasing volumes, the challenge has been to store plums for longer periods, while still achieving optimum quality fruit. Research on plums in South Africa therefore focused on quality maintenance and extension of cold storage and is the basis of the current handling and cold storage protocols. It is clearly evident that were it not for research, the South African stone fruit business would not be the competitive force that it is today. It is also true that in order to face ongoing challenges in the market place, research will continue to be the mainstay of the fruit export business. This communication is to update readers on recent Recent significant advances made to improve the quality and extend the cold storage period of plums, with the main focus on Songold, will be discussed in this communication. To understand how revolutionary these recent advances are, which have been made possible through the use of SmartFreshSM technology, a brief overview of the history of post-harvest research on plums in South African fruit industry is provided as introduction.


This paper examines the prevalent trend of the moderation of the opinions of members of the U.S. Supreme Court as they near retirement. Across a range of legal areas, the written opinions of both traditionally conservative and liberal justices regress toward the center of the political ideological spectrum in their final year on the bench. Using a database of all justices who have left the court since 1980, this paper assesses the accuracy of several methodologies to measure the ideology of judicial opinions. My analysis continues by comparing a justiceメs ideological stance during their career on the Supreme Court against an ideological assessment of the written opinions of that justice in their final year on the court. This paper suggests future research into the causal factors of the phenomenon of opinion moderation as a justice nears retirement.


In recognition of Ross Petty's impending retirement, colleagues gathered to acknowledge with admiration and gratitude his illustrious contributions throughout his pediatric rheumatology career, to reflect on pediatric rheumatology's progress, to learn about new advances, and to contemplate the discipline's future. Presentations comprising the scientific symposium held in Ross's honor are recorded in this issue of The Journal1 and reflect pediatric rheumatology's accomplishments, challenges, and aspirations. As physicians and scientists we embark on our careers believing our futures will be punctuated by discoveries: glorious discoveries that reveal the causes and mechanisms of disease, facilitate earlier and definitive diagnoses, promote more effective and safer therapy, and make disease prevention realistically achievable. Time passes, however, and as we and our careers mature, we soon come to the disconcerting realization that the visions of marvellous discoveries linger too long as unfulfilled achievements. While disillusioned at times by slowpaced progress, we must acknowledge that advances occur. Progress in the field of pediatric rheumatology in particular has been extraordinary: there are now pediatric rheumatologists worldwide; diagnoses are made earlier and with greater precision, and new therapeutic strategies do offer more hope. Innovative research and training initiatives have emerged. However, we are still far from knowing the causes of most rheumatic diseases, understanding their pathogenic intricacies, and managing afflicted patients as effectively and safely as we desire. We have almost no insight into effective prevention strategies. There are, however, reasons to be optimistic: we are on the verge of dramatic advances in an astonishing era, in understanding ourselves and the factors that conspire to produce disease. But how, amid astounding scientific progress, do we best navigate daunting new technologies and theories to improve care for children afflicted with rheumatic diseases? Where do we go from here, and how do we get there? The answers, I believe, are clear: pediatric rheumatology's continuing success will require attentiveness to Clinical Care, Education, Advocacy, and Research.


To investigate user performance evaluation for different alarm forms on the digital interface under single dimensional information coding, such as color, shape, flash frequency, size and number, this study designed 5 visual alarm modes by following the design specification of visual alarm signal and carried out behavioral experiments for a certain radar interface. Based on the statistical analysis of accuracy rate and reaction time and comprehensive experimental interviews, the results reveal that, visual coding alarm form in the best identification performance is number and the worst is flash frequency. The research conclusions can be applied to the actual alarm interface design. It has a certain reference value for reducing the cognitive friction between the user and the digital interface, establishing a good man-machine cognitive matching relationship and perfecting the usability evaluation system of information coding.


Early first and second cleaved embryos after IVF associated with even blastomeres without fragments or protrusions were found to be a potent criterion for the selection of embryos with high developmental competence (Sugimura et al. 2012PLOS ONE 7, e36627). The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between an early normal first cleavage pattern, the transcript abundance, and their development to the blastocyst stage in each blastomere in 2-cell stage bovine embryos. The IVF-derived bovine embryos were cultured individually in well-of-the-well culture dishes in CR1aa medium supplemented with 5% calf serum and 0.25mgmL-1 linoleic acid albumin at 38.5°C in 5% CO2, 5% O2, and 90% N2. The first embryonic cleavage was categorized as being either normal (occurring within 28h after IVF with 2 even blastomeres without fragment or protrusion) or abnormal (2 uneven blastomeres, with/without fragment/protrusion and/or later than 28h after IVF). Then, cleaved embryos were placed in 0.5% actinase-E in Ca- and Mg-free PBS and blastomeres were separated by pipetting (n=85; 4 replicates). In each embryo, one blastomere was subjected to quantitative RT-PCR to analyse the expression of developmentally important genes. The remaining blastomere was subsequently cultured in an individually identifiable manner to verify their ability to develop to the blastocyst stage. Primers were designed for 12 target genes related to pluripotency, cell cycle, metabolism, pregnancy reorganization, placentation, and fetal growth (OCT4, ATP1A1, CCNB1, CDH1, COX1, CTNNB1, GLUT8, MNSOD-3, SOX2, DYNLL1, IGFBP3, and PMSB1) and a reference gene (PPIA). Transcript abundance of target genes in individual blastomeres was compared between embryos showing normal and abnormal cleavage. Values were normalized to the average values of the reference genes and all the means were compared by the Student t-test. Blastomeres resulted from normal cleavage developed to the blastocyst stage on Day 7 to 8 (Day 0=IVF) at significantly higher rates than those resulted from abnormal cleavage (65.7% v. 37.5%, respectively, P<0.05). Transcript abundance of OCT4 was significantly higher in blastomeres associated with all abnormal cleavage than in those associated with normal cleavage (P<0.05). The expression of CCNB1, COX1, ATP1A1, GLUT8, and PMSB1 in blastomeres associated with normal cleavage and blastocyst development was higher than that in those of abnormal cleavage (P<0.05). However, the level of OCT4, CCNB1, COX1, ATP1A1, and PMSB1 was lower in blastomeres associated with normal cleavage but failure of blastocyst development than those in blastomeres showing abnormal cleavage (P<0.05). Our results reveal that significantly higher expression of CCNB1, COX1, ATP1A1, and PMSB1 in blastomeres at the 2-cell stage in bovine embryos with superior developmental competence compared with those showing abnormal cleavage and low competence.


Defect clusters were formed and observed simultaneously in electron- irradiated foils of aluminum, both uninjected and preinjected with about 8 atomic ppM helium, in a high-voltage electron microscope operated at 650 kV. The nominal irradiation temperatures of the specimens were room temperature, 150 deg C and 200 deg C. The defect clusters in the form of dislocation loops formed in greater concentrations and persisted to longer times in the preinjected specimens than they did in the uninjected metal. At 200 deg C, no beam-induced loops were observed in the uninjected aluminium foil of usual thickness, but they were seen in the helium injected material. Faulted dislocation loops were more prevalent in the preinjected specimens. Under certain conditions the irradiated microstructure evolved to one resembling an unirradiated structure. It is concluded that the preinjected helium itself (rather than the associated alpha particle damage)-causes the enhanced dislocation loop formation in the electron- bombarded foils. (auth)


Human rights, work and employment are many of the issues that have begun to gain importance, given the negative impacts that have occurred over the years. The application and practices of corporate social responsibility have led the entrepreneur to change with a new perspective integrating strategies, deep with social, cultural and environmental perspectives. The main function of a company or business should be to create, ensure and generate benefits for itself and for their own, but also contribute to the well-being of society. The objective of this work is to highlight the relationship between Business Development and Human Rights, Labor and Employment as complementary concepts, since they are an ethical requirement; While it reflects the need to contribute to sustainable development, human rights symbolize a firm commitment to respecting and protecting the freedom, well-being and dignity of workers. Ultimately, companies


Summary—By means of parallactic photographs at Tromso the heights and directions of auroral arcs and the heights of the draperies have been studied. The number of the pairs used is 355 for the arcs and 293 for the draperies. From the height-statistics it is shown that the heights of arcs and draperies, according to classifications faint, medium, strong, and very strong, show a continuous decrease. For the auroras of medium intensity it is shown that there is definite evidence of a displacement of the height-curves from ebb-tide to flood-tide conditions.

The diurnal variation of the direction of the arcs during 16h to 24h, MET, is demonstrated for Tromso, and a secular change in the mean directions is demonstrated when compared with Bravais' determinations in Bossekop during 1839–40.


This research was conducted at the Reproductive Biotechnology laboratory Veterinary Medicine Career of Cotopaxi Technical University with the theme evaluation of oocytes cryopreservation in rabbits to determine if they are viable before and after cryopreservation. For the study Synthetic GnRH 0.2 ml was inoculated intramuscularly in 10 animals and after 2 hours they were sacrificed to collect the 20 ovaries. Getting ovaries were placed in to physiological saline to transport or shiping to the laboratory where a washing was performed by withdrawing annexed structures and utilizing the slicing technique which consists on fine ovaries cuts; follicular fluid was extracted in a Petri dish to observe at the stereomicroscope….


The article is devoted to the coverage and analysis of the state and socio-economic consequences of ecologization of economic systems. In the process of the research it was discovered that the strengthening of globalization processes makes its adjustments in all spheres of public life. Consideration of the results of economic activity in such sectors of the economy as energy, transport, agriculture, waste management and existing in the world today investment models, oriented on the creation of energy infrastructure, generating large amounts of harmful emissions, has led to the conclusion that the current ecological situation in the world should be interpreted as a global environmental crisis. The analyzed experience of ecologization of developed economic systems demonstrates positive changes in the direction of overcoming the global ecological crisis, which is one of the factors of positive social changes in society, as the direct natural environment has a significant impact on the world outlook of people, their psychological state and culture. It is proposed to transfer to new, noospheric, principles of management in order to achieve a balance in the triad of man-economy-nature.


BY Ms. KONEI NAKHRO DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE SUBMITTED IN FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT OF THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES, NORTH EASTERN HILL UNIVERSITY, SHILLONG. MAY2009. :DS 306.;?. 095Jt IGS Nit!(


A compass-like model of biped passive dynamic walking robot is established in this paper,and the dynamic equations are derived with euler-Lagrange Equation. In order to determine the local stability of the compass-like model,a method of finding the fixed point is introduced. Then the stable limit cycle is obtained with numerical simulation. The effect of mechanical parameters and slope angle on the local stability and the final states of fixed points is analyzed. Finally,the eigenvalues of Jacobi matrix are calculated with a semi-analytical method. The results are compared with the results of the numerical calculation. The semi-analytical method provides a basis for the step size selection of numerical calculation.


Abstract Universities can afford to subscribe to only a small percentage of available scholarly journals. Consequently, researchers do not have access to all articles in journals pertinent to their fields of study. The Open Access (OA) movement began in response to wanting to find a solution to this "serials crisis" and the availability of the Internet to disseminate scholarly research in new and innovative ways to a larger, worldwide audience. OA mandates are policies adopted by research institutions, universities, or funders that require researchers to provide free, unrestricted access to their published research by publishing in OA journals, depositing their articles in an OA repository or both. This edition of "In Lay Terms" provides basic information about OA mandates and policies, gives an overview of university and funder OA mandates, discusses geographic differences in policies and compliance rates, and reviews United States federal funding agencies' OA policies and Plan S.


In order to conquer the fl aws of the traditional energy effi ciency evaluation systems for heavy energy consumption enterprises, this paper puts forward an energy effi ciency evaluation system based on comprehensive integrated platform, which divides the business of energy effi ciency evaluation into many modules, encapsulates module into relatively independent components with component packaging technology, and releases them into the Web service and forms the energy effi ciency evaluation component library. At the same time, based on the integrated platform, the energy effi ciency evaluation system is built with the mode of modules, and is applied to the refi nery enterprises as an example. The results show that the system is easy to maintain, transplant and expand, and can not only overcome the defects of the traditional systems, but also realize the energy saving from the point of system development.


Background: The ZedScan™ probe is an electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) device originally developed as a tool to diagnose Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN), recently explored as a potential tool to distinguish parathyroid glands from the surrounding tissues during surgery [1]. As reported, the relatively large size of the tip of the probe (5.5 mm) can be problematic to accurately cover and measure the impedance of small structures, such as parathyroid glands (3-7 mm). In this study, we will utilise a computational model to quantity the uncertainty associated with the probe misalignment and evaluate the benefits of reducing the size of the probe on thyroid and parathyroid differentiation. Materials and Methods: Multiscale finite element models of thyroid and parathyroid were developed to investigate the impact of the EIS measurement accuracy of various probe-parathyroid misalignment scenarios. Subsequently, the macroscale impedivity of thyroid and parathyroid tissues was simulated with smaller probe configurations to explore the benefits of probe optimisation. Results: The probe misalignment study reported up to 40%, 21% and 26% decrease in low-and high-frequency impedance and impedance frequency, respectively, compared to results with a desirable parathyroid-probe coverage. The decrease in parathyroid impedance brings the results closer to thyroid baseline EIS spectrum, reducing the feasibility of tissues separation. The probe optimisation study reported about 4% increase in parathyroid's low-frequency impedance, showing a slight improvement in the thyroid and parathyroid differentiation. Conclusions: This study revealed the importance of the accuracy of the EIS measurement with the ZedScan™ device by demonstrating that imprecise parathyroid coverage could result in 'contaminated' measurements constraining their differentiation. Moreover, a smaller probe-tip design has the potential to further increase the ease of acquiring accurate parathyroid results, slightly improving the separation between the tissues on the basis of EIS measurements.


This article describes ongoing dissertation work on the automatic generation of Wikipedia articles. The goal of this work is to build an AI system to automatically summarize existing web content and utilize the resulting text to improve incomplete Wikipedia articles.


The article describes a method of designing the scheme of aquacultural regional specialization in the Republic of Kazakhstan. It shows base economic parameters used to draw conclusions and propose the recommendations on placement of fish farms.


The decay of a Higgs boson into a pair of W bosons h → W+W−, is a dominant mode for Higgs boson masses above 135 GeV. At hadron colliders, searches for this decay focus on channels in which both W bosons decay leptonically, h → W+W− → l+l− plus missing energy. We show that semileptonic decays of heavy flavors are an important background to this signal. Lepton isolation provides too little suppression of heavy flavor contributions, and an additional 4 to 8 orders‐of‐magnitude suppression must come from physics cuts. An increase of the cut on the the minimum transverse momentum of non‐leading leptons in multilepton events is one effective way to achieve the needed suppression, without appreciable loss of the Higgs boson signal.


A compact automated robotized sample preparation system has been developed for large sries of complex analyses. The use of SCARA robot is profitable on both better handling and less space requirement of the system.A simple mechanical changer for the finger makes possible to handle various equipments. We designed another robot exclusively for filtration. Both robots work concurrently on the same turntable


Abstract The effectiveness of two stimuli on the spawning success of wild caught Haliotis iris (New Zealand abalone, paua) were compared. Hydrogen peroxide with a sodium hydroxide buffer induced spawning in 43% of the males and 15% of the females tested one week after capture. Ultraviolet irradiation of the sea water was less effective with only 4% of males and no females spawning.


I think the study of "the comparison of civil procedure between Korea and China" is meaningful work in these circumstances. There is a lot...


Using the methods of ion implantation, electron microscopy and nuclear reactions the data on defect microstructure evolution, accumulation levels and temperature ranges of retention of hydrogen isotope - deuterium in austenitic steel SS316 have been obtained. Implantation of 15 keV deuterium ions to a dose of 1×1016 cm-2, 30 keV helium ions to a dose of 5×1016 cm-2, as well as steel irradiation with 1.4 MeV argon ions to a dose of 1×1017 cm-2 were carried out at room and elevated temperatures. The formation of dislocation structure, vacancy and gas-filled pores, and the nature of their size distribution were studied. The dependence of amount of trapped deuterium atoms on the defect structure evolution during annealing has been established. A considerable content of hydrogen in the traps associated with helium and argon bubbles was found, that confirms the data obtained for stainless steels irradiated in a light water reactors.


The terminal phase of ascent rendezvous is analyzed to determine the opt imum aiming point for the ascent trajectory of a maneuverable satellite and an opt imum steering program for guiding the satellite to rendezvous with its target once the target has been acquired with an on-board active sensor. For perfect initial conditions, the ideal rendezvous path under constant thrusting is developed with the constraint tha t the thrust vector always be coincident with the velocity vector. An aiming point (for a case without errors) where the rendezvous maneuver should be initiated is described for the ascent ellipse. An opt imum steering control program for the control of the thrust vector relative to the line of sight vector is developed for guiding the interceptor to rendezvous even when the ideal initial conditions of position and relative velocity vector orientation are not achieved at the end of the interceptor's transfer trajector.


You Dare is a Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) engaged in fashion, namely the sale of shoes. The problems that occurred in Dare are their limit on the amount of the shoes supply from suppliers and the inventory allocation policies are unplanned, so the profit is not maximized. This study simulates inventory allocation policy that Dare applies to see the impact on profits of Dare then proceed with the design of new system scenarios. The new scenario aims to implement policies more appropriately to increase the profits of Dare . Simulations are performed with ProModel software.The results of this study indicate that the policy of only using intuition cannot maximize the profits. An appropriate policy to increase profits of Dare is to consider the demand and cost allocation. Based on simulation results, Dare will only have an average profit of IDR 52.187.000, whereas if Dare uses the proposed policy, the average profit will increase to IDR 55.948.000 within two years.


Test results are presented for the SunSine300 AC photovoltaic module's anti-islanding protection. These tests were conducted on a single SunSine300 AC module inverter under controlled laboratory conditions. The various passive and active anti-islanding methods used in the SunSine300 are discussed. Other forms of anti-islanding protection are also discussed. Data is presented to show how tightly matched the PV and load must be for special islanding detection methods to be needed. The data also shows how effectively our proprietary Zebra method of anti-islanding performs. In all of the trip tests conducted, the SunSine300 never exhibited run-on. In this paper, run-on is defined as operation into an islanded load longer than 2 seconds.


The current state of education embodies increasing public demands and policy
mandates for teacher accountability in all classrooms, pre-kindergarten through
Grade 12. Leaders expect increased academic performance to meet grade-level
curriculum standards within a multicultural society. Teacher preparation programs
are tasked to create and manage field experiences that guide practice within
diverse learning communities. Teacher candidates interact with the cultural, social,
and historical context of schools, of professional colleagues, and of the pupils they
teach. In addition, teacher candidates should be prepared to develop practices that
are intentional, personalized, differentiated, and purposeful for the pupils within
their classrooms. This paper offers a case study of one university's re-design of
field experience supervision in its teacher preparation programs. The curriculum
designers sought to ensure support for teacher candidates based on each student's
individual needs, while fostering systemic change responsive to ideas of race,
gender, and other areas of intersectionality in a multicultural society. The field
supervisor was the key to connect the practical, field-based experiences with the
vision and mission of the university. Thus, program leaders identified the need to
invest in the professional development of field supervisors in a way that brought
the vision and mission to life—from words to action. The resulting framework
included a multi-faceted approach of coaching / mentoring, professional
development, and reflective discourse with colleagues.


This study discusses the directive acts of the novel Bumi Cinta by Habiburrahman El Shirazy and the directive acts of the directive acts of the novel Cinta Cinta by Habiburrahman El Shirazy. This type of research is a qualitative descriptive study. The theory used is the theory of Harun Joko Prayitno. The data source of this research is a speech in the novel Bumi Cinta by Habiburrahman El Shirazy. The research data consisted of utterances cited by directive speech acts which included directive speech acts and directive speech acts in the novel Bumi Cinta by Habiburrahman El Shirazy. Data were obtained by referring to the competent free engage listening technique obtained by note taking. The validity of the data in this study uses theory triangulation. Research results in the novel Bumi Cinta found six forms of directive speech acts, on request, request, invitation, approval, criticism and prohibition. When viewed, the directive speech function of the novel Bumi Cinta has a variety of functions. The form of directive speech acts requires the functions of ordering, commanding, asking, activating and letting. The form of directive speech acts requests, requests, hopes and offers. The form of speech act directive invitation has the function of inviting, persuading, supporting and asking. The form of directive speech acts to support the functions of advising, asking, asking and reminding. The form of directive speech acts of criticism has the function of reprimanding and winning. The form of directive speech acts have a ban function.


Abstract : Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) techniques hold much promise for performing realistic simulations of sound propagation through complex dynamic outdoor environments. This report focuses on a key aspect of FDTD in the atmosphere namely the incorporation of a moving background medium (wind and turbulence in the atmosphere) into the calculations. Appropriate differential equations for FDTD simulation of sound propagation in a moving fluid are discussed. It is shown that FDTD calculations are not possible with this equation set when using the staggered grid "leap-frog" approach which is common for FDTD simulation of other types of wave propagation. Various finite-difference operators that are valid for a moving medium such as Runge-Kutta and an unstaggered leap-frog approach are discussed and compared. It is shown that a rigorous FDTD solution in a moving medium requires storing the field variables over at least two time steps thereby requiring at least twice as much computer memory as the customary staggered grid. Several other topics pertinent to FDTD simulation of sound propagation in the atmosphere are discussed including implementation of porous ground layers absorbing boundaries and rigid surfaces. Example calculations demonstrate the performance of the various finite-difference operators for a high Mach number uniform flow. Other example calculations show FDTD calculations for propagation above rigid and porous ground surfaces over rigid barriers and through turbulence. With sufficiently dense spatial grids very good agreement can be obtained between the FDTD calculations and known theoretical solutions.


. Abstract The main purpose of this study is to examine whether the board of directors and chief executive officers' (CEO) characteristics affect the leverage. A data set comprising 783 observations of Jordanian firms listed on the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) was selected, from 2011 to 2019. The empirical analysis was based on a random-effect generalized least square (GLS) regression model. The empirical results show that managerial ownership, CEO education, and CEO experience positively influences leverage, while board independence and profitability have a negative association with leverage. Further, board independence has no direct effect on leverage in Jordan. This study also paves the way for further investigations on leverage in the context of other nations that are also facing a dearth of research in this study area. Additionally, there is a prevailing need for developing countries to demonstrate improved compliance with international governance standards.


The study of evolutionary biology is commonly divided into two components: study of the processes by which evolutionary change occurs and study of the patterns produced by those processes. By "pattern" we mean primarily the pattern of phylogenetic relationships among species or genes. Studies of evolutionary processes often don't often devote too much attention to evolutionary patterns, except insofar as it is often necessary to take account of evolutionary history in determining whether or not a particular feature is an adaptation. Similarly, studies of evolutionary pattern sometimes try not to use any knowledge of evolutionary processes to improve their guesses about phylogenetic relationships, because the relationship between process and pattern can be tenuous. Those who take this approach argue that invoking a particular evolutionary process seems often to be a way of making sure that you get the pattern you want to get from the data. Or at least that's the way it was in evolutionary biology when evolutionary biologists were concerned primarily with the evolution of morphological, behavioral, and physiological traits and when systematists used primarily anatomical, morphological, and chemical features (but not proteins or DNA) to describe evolutionary patterns. With the advent of molecular biology after the Second World War and its application to an increasing diversity of organisms in the late 1950s and early 1960s, that began to change. Goodman [3] used the degree of immunological cross-reactivity between serum proteins as an indication of the evolutionary distance among primates. Zuckerkandl and Pauling [21] proposed that


Abstract Three new species of triviid gastropods are described. Galeatrivia Cate, 1979 is synonymized with Triviella Jousseaume, 1884. Thirteen species named as Trivia or Galeatrivia are transferred to Triviella. Species novae: Trivellona bealsi (from the Philippines), Triviella immelmani (from South Africa), Trivia marlowi (from Namibia).


Why should anyone bother with mathematical analysis of a physiological system? This is perhaps as much a philosophical question as a scientific one, and the answer at this point will be somewhat philosophical. We can do no better than to draw on the views of the physicist Eugene Wigner (1960) in his classic essay " The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the Natural Sciences, " where he makes the case " that the enormous usefulness of mathematics in the natural sciences is something bordering on the mysterious and that there is no rational explanation for it. " Quite a statement from one of the key physicists of the 20 th century, but it serves well to show the awesome power of mathematics in describing physical reality. Of more practical interest, a mathematical description of a system serves to put our knowledge of that system into a rigorous quantitative form, that is subject to rigorous testing (Robinson 1977). In this sense a mathematical model serves as an embodiment of a hypothesis about how a system is constructed or how it functions. The model forces one to focus thinking and make inexact ideas more precise. You may think that you know how a system works, but creating a model of the system truly puts that understanding to the test. This book will deal with models of systems and their behaviors in a broad sense: is the system random or deterministic, linear or nonlinear, for example. These are broad areas of categorization, but they are also crucial questions that should be addressed before more finely structured hypotheses are evaluated. A major goal in this work is to identify these properties through the use of appropriate computational tools. Answering


The next generation communication system will provide high quality multimedia service in a more flexible and intelligent manner. In this paper, we propose a new SIP over MPLS network architecture to achieve this goal. To integrate SIP protocol with the traffic engineering (TE) function of MPLS network seamlessly and facilitate SIP call setup, the SIP-MPLS traffic aggregation server (TA server) is highlighted in this new architecture. Furthermore, the call admission and bandwidth renegotiation algorithms running on the TA server are investigated carefully. We rely on OPNET simulation to assess the performance of our network architecture and the capability of different call admission and bandwidth renegotiation algorithms. The simulation results show that the algorithm of TBCA-BP is a suitable candidate for accomplishing the call admission and bandwidth renegotiation task due to its satisfying performance, and our network architecture is able to shorten the SIP call setup delay greatly by using the TA server.


We measure the effects of the 1993 French pension reform on health, especially the reform has gradually increased the length of the contribution period required to benefit from a full pension, as well as the number of earnings years taken into account to calculate pension benefits. Most importantly, the reform heterogeneously has affected different cohorts of individuals, creating a quasi-experimental framework. Given that this reform concerned only private sector workers, we use the results of a survey on health ran in 2005 and a difference-in-differences analysis to compare health outcomes between two population samples, one composed of private sector workers and another of public sector workers. The results show significant differences between these two samples in two health measures – perceived health and physical health – but concentrated on less-educated individuals exclusively. JEL codes : C010, I14, J14, J26


Previous cytological studies of material identified as C. intertinctus (Skuse) had shown that two species were present. Subsequently it has been found that the larvae of the two species may be recognized by the shape of the anal gills and the adults by the anterior leg ratios of femur to tibia and basitarsus to tibia. The females may also be 'recognized by the colouring of the thoracic stripes. C. intertinctus is redescribed and the second species is described as C. paratinctus, sp. nov. The key to the Australian species of the subgenus Kiefferulus is also corrected and the new species included.


The commercial code CFX-10 was used For NASA Rotor 67, the blades are most likely to flutter in the second bending mode with IBPA of 60°. It is widely known that the upstream wake is a major contributor to the rotor blade forced vibration. The present research shows that the wake will also change the flutter characteristics of the rotor blade significantly. If the natural frequency of the most dangerous flutter mode of the blade is close to the IGV passing frequency, flutter may happen even it is very stable analyzed without IGV. This vibration is more like a sympathetic vibration. For a mode whose natural frequency is far away from the IGV passing frequency, the wake may also drive the vibration to be unstable. Though the IGV doesn't influence the performance of the rotor much, it does add significant nonlinear effects to the flutter behavior of the rotor blades. Designers need to increase the gap distance between IGV and rotor to avoid the significant change of the flutter boundary to solve the unsteady flow field. The code was validated by the calculation of STCF4 and NASA Rotor 67. The aeroelastic characteristics of Rotor 67 without IGV are analyzed with energy method, and then the results are compared with that of the model with IGV. The results show that Rotor 67 most likely to flutter in the second mode with an IBPA of 60 . The IGV excitation will add significant nonlinear effects to the flutter behavior of the rotor blades, and may lower the flutter boundary greatly. Unsteady calculations with a larger IGV-rotor gap show that this wake effects will not be weaken unless the IGV is far away enough.


All facets of cannabis use – that is, use rates, use contexts, use modes, and user groups – are influenced by multiple factors, reflecting in practice Duff's argument that there is considerable diversity in how cannabis is constructed as an object of knowledge and practice (Duff, 2016). Furthermore, these conceptual shifts from understanding cannabis as one drug – a singular substance with a consistent identity regardless of how it may be consumed (Duff, 2016) – have been accompanied by recent substantive changes in the factors influencing its use. First and foremost, these include political frameworks concerning the legal status of cannabis around the globe. These legal shifts have precipitated numerous other changes, both foreseen and unforeseen. For example, a range of novel cannabis products has entered the market and their availability (Bretteville-Jensen, 2019) and accessibility has increased through the internet and social media (Demant et al., 2019). These novel products, such as edibles, vape pens, body lotion, eye drops etc. both reflect and generate novel intake modes. Even the traditional herbal cannabis has changed, with significant increase in tetrahydrocannabinol content since 2010 (Bachs & Havig, 2019). While many of these factors lie outside governmental control, drug control policy lies


This article deals with a possibility of another extension longer lasting addition of coatings of titanium dioxide. The research based on the use of nanoparticles has development at present. Potential of added nanoparticles has large use. Particles of nanosize, i.e. below 100 nm exhibit other properties than larger particles and because of that this area is being explored in all possible sectors. This article deals specifically with the possibility of extending the lifetime of working surface molds made of aluminum alloy injection rubber mixtures used in automotive. Lifetime is longer lasting with PFTE coatings. Subsequently, it shows the effect of adding these particles at different mechanical properties in coatings on various surfaces (separated on a band saw, milling work, ground roughness 800 and 80 polished). In these cases roughness and hardness are evaluated. In the last part particles, their even distribution and size are identified. This is evaluated by electron microscopy.


The NASA Orbital Debris Program Office (ODPO) has released its latest Orbital Debris Engineering Model, ORDEM 3.0. It supersedes ORDEM 2.0. This newer model encompasses the Earth satellite and debris flux environment from altitudes of low Earth orbit (LEO) through geosynchronous orbit (GEO). Debris sizes of 10 m through 1 m in non-GEO and 10 cm through 1 m in GEO are modeled. The inclusive years are 2010 through 2035. The ORDEM model series has always been data driven. ORDEM 3.0 has the benefit of many more hours from existing data sources and from new sources that weren't available to past versions. Returned surfaces, ground tests, and remote sensors all contribute data. The returned surface and ground test data reveal material characteristics of small particles. Densities of fragmentation debris particles smaller than 10 cm are grouped in ORDEM 3.0 in terms of high-, medium-, and lowdensities, along with Radar Ocean Reconnaissance Satellite (RORSAT) sodium-potassium (NaK) droplets. Supporting models have advanced significantly. The LEO-to-GEO ENvironment Debris model (LEGEND) includes an historical and a future projection component with yearly populations that include launched and maneuvered intacts, mission related debris (MRD), and explosion and collision fragments. LEGEND propagates objects with ephemerides and physical characteristics down to 1 mm in size. The full LEGEND yearly population acts as an a priori condition for a Bayesian statistical model. Specific, well defined populations are added like the RORSAT NaK droplets, recent major accidental and deliberate collision fragments, and known anomalous debris event fragments. For microdebris of sizes 10 m to 1 mm the ODPO uses an in-house Degradation/Ejecta model in which a MLE technique is used with returned surface data to estimate populations. This paper elaborates on the upgrades of this model over previous versions, highlighting the material density splits and consequences of that to the penetration risk to spacecraft.