Introduction Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA2000) is a type of third-generation (3G) mobile system which provides wide-area wireless voice telephony and broadband wireless data communication to mobile phones. Services such as web browsing, audio streaming and video-streaming are significant examples of broadband data communications. However, these services might be limited due to attenuation and fluctuation of the received signal strength (RSS) at the mobile terminal, on which the installation of base station (BS) could have a big impact. RSS provides the information on how strong the signal is at the receiver front end. Low signal level can result in unwanted situations that could directly lower the network performance. Access failures can happen if signal level is below the required signal threshold in the target cell. Frequent call dropping has been link to low or bag signal quality. Carey, (2006) opined that RSS between BS and MS must be greater than the threshold value to maintain signal quality at the receiver. Simultaneously signal strength must not be too strong to create more co-channel interference with channels in another cell using the same frequency band). In cell planning, path loss prediction is used in order to minimize dead spots avoiding poor quality-of-service (QoS). Hence, a good understanding and realistic prediction of the signal strength and propagation coverage area are vital aspects in the design mobile radio systems. In this paper, the main aim is to examine the sensitivity of RSS to variation in antenna beam tilting situations in cell specific mobile environments in CDMA2000 network by using a Field-test Measurement. Methodology Measurement Configuration A schematic diagram of the Field measurement set-up is shown in Figure 1. The testing tool used in the measurement was NOKIA 1265 CDMA test phone handset in the Net Monitor mode, in conjunction with a digital Global positioning System (MAP76CSX GPS) receiver antenna to determine distance (d) from the Base Station (BS). The software comprises a scale, which is calibrated in (dBm) (Emagbetere and Edeko, 2009; Rappoport, 2003). In all the study locations, BS transmitting antenna were dual band with inbuilt features, which enables them to radiate at 1900MHz and 800MHz for operator A and Operator B respectively. Also their respective antenna heights are 45m and 40m above the sea level. The antennas were sectored 120. An approximate height of 1.5m was used as mobile receiver height.


The main side effects associated with IUD use are discussed in light of IUD design. Bleeding pain and expulsion are all associated with the design of the IUD. Large bulky and hard devices will cause more bleeding and pain than smaller soft and flexible devices. For this reason a new model the Double T copper 500 mm2 was created with thin arms more flexibility and was softer. Within the 1st 3 months postinsertion menstruation may be heavier and pain more intense. However after that period the device will have adjusted to the utetus and pain and bleeding should subside. Superposition of the device arms can be performed to lessen pain and bleeding. Treatment for the pain and bleeding is described. If these side effects do not lessen and are still causing complaint after 3 months the device should be removed. The problem of expulsion was lessened as well with the new model. In use with 10000 women there has been no expulsion so far. Nulliparae will have more problem with all these side effects than multiparae. Other rarer side effects of IUDs are mentioned. It is concluded that the performance of the new model IUD has been satisfactory.


In order to enrich the college physical education,the Jubose may be popularized in college,and also can lead our college physical education to the Happy P.E..Jubose has simple regulations,interesting,competitive,high value of vision and security.In this paper,the origins,the characteristics of Jubose and the feasibility of developing Jubose in college were explored.


Aneuploidy in cells gives a strong indication of a malignancy and can be determined after Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH) labeling of the chromosomes inside a nucleus. Counting of the number of copies of each chromosome type in a nucleus will aid in characterization of the cells and may help in diagnosing cancer patients. High throughput analysis of a blood sample containing thousands of cells is a requirement to reach accurate statistics. In metaphase chromosome spreads, the task of counting all 24 different chromosomes was completed a decade ago [1], but this method is relatively slow and sample preparation is a tedious and difficult task. Therefore, we search for the optimal method for fast counting of chromosomal abnormalities in interphase chromosomes. Here we compare three spectral methods using fluorescence widefield imaging.


Rogers and Marres (2000) saw the World Wide Web as an important site for the discussion of science and technology. Networks of issue based websites were argued to constitute socio-epistemic networks. Linking patterns between sites on climate change indicated a politics of association and a hierarchy of credibility. Sites with the URL extension .org linked up the hierarchy to .gov; but .gov did not engage in reciprocal linking practices. Replicating the traditional hierarchy of credibility between official and non-official sources of information. Recent events have demonstrated the ability of digital social networks to disrupt traditional hierarchies of credibility. In 2009 emails stolen from the University of East Anglia's Climate Research Unit were published on four climate scepticism blogs and lead to a public controversy that strengthened the counter-movement against action on climate change. The role of blogs in the 'climategate' controversy spurred the growth of literature concerned with the dynamics of climate scepticism on digital social networks. This paper examines this emerging literature and identifies the need to combine social network theory and conceptualizations of knowledge practice to better understand counter-movements and the disruption of traditional hierarchies of credibility on digital social networks.


Objective:To study the treatment action of Chinese medicine Mianbu I on immunological infertility causing by antisperm antibody(AsAb).Methods:Model male mice of Kunmin species of immunological infertility with antisperm antibodies(AsAb)were made by injection of mice sperm.The mice were treated with Mianbu I or prednisone in the same period of model establishment.The changes of levels of AsAb in serum,seminal vesicle plasma,cervical mucus,fructose in seminal vesicle plasma,the changes of pathology and immunohistochemistry in testis and epididymis,pregnant were investigated in tested mice.Results:It was showed the Mianbu I can heavily decrease the amount of AsAb in serum(comparing with model group, P 0 05),the rebound of the AsAb from serum and seminal vesicle plasma is low after withdrawal it (comparing with prednisone group, P 0 01);Mianbu I can clear the deposition of immunological compounds in testis and epididymis(comparing with model or prednisone group);the amount of spermatozoaper convoluted seminiferous tubule( x±s )(128 10±23 7)from Mianbu I group was significant higher than prednisone(99 6±18 8)and model group(110 25±21 56)( P 0 05);Mianbu I can increase the mouse pregnancy,the number of offspring per pregnancy(12 2±2 6)was significant higher than model(9 2±3 3)and prednison group(7 8±5 2)( P 0.05).Conclusion:Chinese medicine Mianbu I can regulate,absorb,clear circulating and parting AsAb,immunological compound and increase the amount of spermatozoa,increase the mice pregnancy finally.


The invention relates to a device (1) for functional testing of a vehicle with means for activation of a sequence of test steps. After activation of a test step targets to an output unit for the driver of the vehicle and / or to a computer unit (12) to an actuator (6) of the vehicle can be output. The performance or the degree of fulfillment of the targets can be checked and filled targets the next test step of the sequence is activated.


We wish to inform the Penn Communityabout the results ofa studyofsalary equity among fulltime A-I and A-3 employees. The study was commissioned as part of the University's continuing effort to insure that all employees, especially persons ofcolor and women, receive both fairand equal consideration in salary and promotion. To our knowledge, no other institution has carried out such an extensive survey. The University retained a nationally recognized consulting firm, Towers, Perrin, Forster & Crosby (TPF&C) to conduct the review, believing that an outside firm would draw the most objective conclusions. The data available to TPF&C were not as complete as we would have liked, especially data on the educational achievement and performance of individuals. Nevertheless, the information provided did allow TPF&C to make statistically valid findings. TPF&C found that there was not a great deal ofdifference in the salary, promotion rate, and salary increases for persons of color and women when compared with other AI and A-3 employees. This reflects well on Penn, its policies, and the way in which members ofthe Penn community treat one another. We can all take some pride in this general conclusion. However, the study does point out some variations that deserve careful attention and further study. It appears that there are differences in average salary, average promotions and average salary increases among schools, and among some groups. These variations do not appear to be large, but they are important, and the University is committed to removing any inappropriate variations that may exist. We will complete a thorough and detailed review of these variations so that we have a better sense of the extent ofany problems and their causes. Meanwhile, we will begin to take immediate actions described in the Administrative Summary on page II to address some of the issues raised by the data in the study. We will also take immediate steps to improve our background information on employee educational achievement and performance. We extend special thanks to the many members of the University community who contributed to the completion of the study.


An exhaust gas purifier for a diesel engine and a control method thereof are provided to regenerate a porous filter within a limited range of power supplied from an alternator and a battery. An exhaust gas purifier for a diesel engine includes an exhaust gas purifying unit(20), a thermal energy storing unit(30), a bypass pipeline(15), an exhaust gas direction adjustment unit(18), and an energy supply unit(40). The exhaust gas purifying unit is arranged on an exhaust pipeline(10), and equipped with a porous filter for reducing contaminant from exhaust gas. The thermal energy storing unit is arranged on the exhaust pipeline formed in front of the exhaust gas purifying unit, and stores thermal energy during regeneration of the filter, and heats exhaust gas. The bypass pipeline is connected to a front end and a rear end of the thermal energy storing unit. The exhaust gas direction adjustment unit adjusts flow direction of exhaust gas by opening/shutting a pipeline connected to the thermal energy storing unit and the bypass pipeline. The energy supply unit supplies energy for operating the thermal energy storing unit.


Abstract We describe how complementary search spaces, addressed bytwo different methods used in Spoken Term Detection (STD),can be merged for German subword STD. We propose fuzzy-search techniques on lattices to narrow the gap between sub-word and word retrieval. The first technique is based on anedit-distance, where no a priori knowledge about confusions isemployed. Additionally, we propose a weighting method whichexplicitly models pronunciation variation on a subword leveland thus improves robustness against false positives. Recall isimproved by 6% absolute when retrieving on the merged searchspace rather than using an exact lattice search. By modelingsubword pronunciation variation, we increase recall in a high-precision setting by 2% absolute compared to the edit-distancemethod.Index Terms: subword speech recognition, spoken term detec-tion, pronunciation variation 1. Introduction As vast amounts of media can be stored digitally, methods arerequired to make them searchable. For data containing speech,a challenging task is Spoken Term Detection (STD) in whichall occurrences of a word or phrase have to be located preciselyin a database.A straightforward approach to STD is to use a large vocabularycontinuous speech recognizer (LVCSR) to transcribe thespeech parts of the data. However, this implies that if a wordis not in the vocabulary it cannot be transcribed, and thuscannot be found upon search time. This phenomenon is knownas the out-of-vocabulary (OOV) problem and is especiallyprominent in languages that make use of compounding oremploy complex morphological patterns to create new words.Examples of such languages are Finnish, German and Turkish[1, 2, 3]. One way to alleviate this problem is to use subwordsas the recognition unit. In contrast to words, the inventory ofsubwords, e.g. syllables, is finite and hence known a priori.Their compositional nature allows for retrieval of compoundterms that otherwise could not be found on the word level.However, a decrease in recall compared to word STD has beenobserved [2, 4].The 1-best transcription given by the LVCSR will containother misrecognitions besides those caused by OOVs. This isespecially the case for spontaneous speech, which is often un-planned and may contain a high number of false starts. SeveralSTD techniques have emerged to cope with these recognitionerrors. One approach is retrieval on word or subword lattices(or lattice-like variants) instead of the 1-best transcription [5].In [4] we compared this approach to an edit-distance searchon the 1-best transcription [6], which matches the query withthe 1-best transcription and calculates a distance according toa similarity measure. Like other fuzzy approaches to subwordSTD [7], this method can tolerate a degree of mismatchbetween the recognition output and the query, and is thus ableto find keywords in erroneous transcriptions. On a GermanSTD task, we found that on a subword level, each approachcovers a different area of the search space, and comes withrelative advantages and disadvantages.In this contribution we present ways of merging the searchspaces covered by the two previously mentioned retrievalapproaches. The aim is to exploit the complementary nature ofsubword lattice and subword fuzzy-search by combining theminto a single, unified search method. Further, we investigatehow explicit modeling of pronunciation variation on a subwordlevel can improve robustness of the retrieval method.


The six papers in this special section were presented at the 2011 International Workshop on ADC Modeling, Testing, and Data Converter Analysis and Design (IMEKO) and the IEEE 2011 ADC Forum.


The influence of religion in accounting practice is not a problem that has been explored for most studies in conventional literature although this can easily be seen how the two are interrelated. Religion has a role in shaping and enforcing ethical behavior such as honesty, and justice which in a community these values can be characterized by a high level of trust in business affairs and financial management. This article is intended to produce an understanding of the contribution of Islamic culture in accountability by using a qualitative approach based on literature study to obtain a broad overview of accountability in Islamic culture. The main task of a Muslim is to serve God (Allah) in all aspects of life because Islam does not recognize divisions between secular and sacred activities. The Islamic framework guides people through divine revelation which governs all social, economic and political activities, and does not accept secularism as something different from religion. Islam has its own cohesive rules that dictate how business should be run and these rules can be applied at any time and in any culture. Therefore, accountability in Islam is an obligation that must be carried out as a form of accountability to stakeholders or the wider community.


There's one more doctor in the House following the Nov. 27 federal election. The latest addition is Dr. Jeannot Castonguay, a Liberal who captured the New Brunswick riding of Madawaska-Restigouche from the Tories. Castonguay, a general surgeon, resigned as chair of the New Brunswick Medical Society


Marx opäť v školách: Multikultúrna výchova ako nástroj lepšej spoločnosti Marx Back in Schools: Multicultural Education as a Tool of a Better Society Based on a brief analysis, the text is dealing with identifying multiculturalism as an ideology related to neomarxism as well as postmodernism. Some of the fundamental features of postmodernism are represented by scepticism towards the truth and the end of great story-telling, plurality of discourses which are caused by our interpretation and their mutual incommensurable. In critical sociology (engaged, radical, or so-called new sociology), social events are explained by the distribution of power, resources, opportunities and property, and this unequal distribution reflects and maintains social inequality. It is possible to reflect these characteristics not only theoretically, but practically as well - looking at multicultural education, which is considered to be the modern educational tool of the multicultural society. This text is pointing out some of its drawbacks and dangers through the dimension of school change (curricular change not governed by the "western view" and organizational change corresponding with principles of "child-centered education" and pedagogical pragmatism) and society change (internally diversified society in which diversity is being deepened still). Moreover, it is showing its worthlessness based on incorrect understanding of goals of the humanities - Aristotle's orthos logos (R. Scruton).


Parkinson's disease (PD) and basal ganglia dysfunction impair movement timing, and this impairment leads to gait instability and falls. Gait disturbances of PD can occur in numerous ways, including festinating (accelerating) gait, slow shuffling gait, or highly variable random stride-timing. The authors' research group is studying an ambulatory assistive system that is based on the cooperative gait among human beings for locomotion rehabilitation. In this chapter, they introduce gait disturbances of PD, especially festinating gait, and they introduce an Interpersonal synchrony emulation system between a human and a virtual biped robot, which entrains the gait timings of the human and the robot in a cross-feedback manner by presenting auditory stimulation that indicates the timing of the partner's foot contact with the ground. In a pilot study that evaluated walking with the system, the festinating gaits of the PD patients were improved, and carry-over effects were observed. These results suggested that the interpersonal interaction seems to be effective for the welfare support of locomotive ability. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-2113-8.ch005


This article reviews the decision of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit to uphold the conviction and sentence of Ahmed Khalfan Ghailani, the sole Guanta¤ namo detainee to have been transferred to the United States for trial. Ghailani was captured nearly five years before his arraignment and argued that his constitutional right to a speedy trial was violated by the delay. The article contends that, in rejecting Ghailani's argument, the Second Circuit distorted the doctrinal framework governing speedy trial claims and mischaracterized the interests that the speedy trial right is intended to protect. The article also explores the implications of the Second Circuit's decision for cases in which the government asserts a national security interest in postponing a defendant's prosecution while continuing to hold the defendant in custody.


This study aims to document the emotional experiences of school counselors in promoting elementary school students' health literacy during and after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. Six school counselors were voluntarily recruited as participants and invited to be interviewed. Interview data were analyzed using Andy Hargreave's (2001) emotional geography. Findings show that school counselors felt dissatisfied, forced, and lonely when they promoted elementary school students' health literacy remotely using synchronous and asynchronous modes during the pandemic. School counselor skills should be capable of promoting elementary school students' health literacy after the COVID‐19 pandemic and beyond.


In cerebral angiography, it may happen in certain cases that the anterior cerebral artery (a. c. a.) is not filled with the contrast medium following injection of the internal or common carotid artery. The cause of this has hitherto been very little discussed in the literature, DE AL MEIDA made a thorough investigation of the anatomic variations of the a. c. a. and of the anterior communicating artery (a. com. a.). He found a fully developed a. com. a. between the two a. c. a. in 86 per cent of his cases. In 14 per cent there was no true a. com. a. but a small branch from one a. c. a. to the other was always present. In some cases, the Si, C. Si. on one side was very narrow and short. In such cases a large branch of the a. c. a. of the opposite side replaces the normal a. com. a. This branch vascularizes the area of the opposite hemisphere usually supplied by its own a. c. a. According to DE ALMEIDA, complete absence of com munication between the two sides is very unusual. MONIZ studied 400 cases (excluding tumours and aneurysms) examined by means of bilateral arteriography. Thorotrast was the contrast medium employed in most cases, sodium iodide being used in only four. He differentiated six pos sible variations in the filling of the 9J. C. Si,I


This paper aims to introduce utilities and dangers using ICT in teaching cinema. As digital convergence offered new opportunities in many fields, it stressed the needs to make some reflections and consequently to acquire the appropriate skills. We will discuss how cinema and ICT are related in educational contexts especially when cinema is not the specific topic. Cinema and audiovisual media are always more necessarily invited guests into lessons of various subjects and courses in order to convey messages to the students through images. As required by the dynamics of the contemporary. Then the essay introduces a practical case in which movie has contributed to develop a theme and has helped students to better understand far phenomena from them.


A device securing undisturbed operation of a variable frequency electric drive is developed and investigated. By its purpose, the developed device is an uninterrupted power supply source of a frequency converter (FC UPS) and is intended for being used in the electric drives of hoisting mechanisms due to its ability to improve their power efficiency by using the descended cargo's braking energy for charging the backup power supply source. The power part of the considered electric drive comprises a frequency converter and an induction motor with the former made according to a standard arrangement involving an uncontrolled rectifier, a self-excited voltage inverter, and a direct current link between them. A storage battery and a switching control unit are the basic functional elements of the FC UPS. During operation, the brake unit is involved (which is used together with all frequency converters that have the considered standard structure) for control of braking energy. This module serves for charging the FC UPS storage battery during the electric drive's brake modes in descending the cargo. The FC UPS operation logic performs control of the main function, namely, automatically switching over the frequency converter's DC link for taking power from the storage battery when power supply from the network is lost. In addition, the FC UPS control unit can support the operation mode in which the fully charged storage battery supplies its stored energy to the electric drive when it lifts up the cargo. This mode of operation from the backup power source can continue until reaching the preset storage battery discharge limit. On reaching the storage battery discharge limit, the FC UPS is switched over to the mode of charging the backup power supply source, which is activated in performing the cargo descending operations. Although such discharging/ charging cycles are repeated many times, but with such cyclic operation the total energy consumed by the mechanism becomes smaller because the potential energy released in descending the cargo is used by the electric drive in the motor mode for lifting up the cargoes. Thus, by applying the proposed FC UPS in the electric drive of the considered type and purpose it becomes possible not only to ensure uninterrupted operation of the hoisting mechanism when power supply from the network is lost, but also to improve its power efficiency. The article presents a description of the laboratory installation and the results of experimental investigations confirming the serviceability of the proposed device, the novelty of which is fixed by a patent of the Russian Federation.


XORP(eXtensible Open Router Platform) is an important extensible open router platform used industry.Although its Border Gateway Protol module satisfies the BGP4+ requirements,new applications will require multi-protocol extensions.A general method for extending multiple protocols to BGP in XORP was developed by analyzing the extensions of 4 over 6 multi-protocol BGP(MPBGP) and multi-protocol label switching virtual private networks(MPLS VPN).The system translates the unconventional MPBGP into a conventional form and adds the corresponding BGP plumbing.The XORP 4 over 6 MPBGP using this method was implemented in 4 over 6 transition mechanism with tests showing that the performance of the 4 over 6 MPBGP is equvalent to IPv6 Unicast MPBGP.


=1305649 IVASHINA, Victoria e SCHARFSTEIN, David – Bank Lending During the Financial Crisis of 2008, November 5, 2008. Disponível em SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1297337 JOBS, Andreas A "Sovereign Securitization in Emerging Markets", Journal of Structure Finance, 2006, vol. 12, No.3. KEYNES, John Maynard, "The Economics Consequences of Mr. Churchill", 1925 em Keynes, John Maynard, Essays In Persuasion, W.W. Norton e Company, 1963. KINDLEBERGER, Charles PManias, Panics and Crashes: A History of Financial Crises, MacMillan, London, 1989. KINDLEBERGER, Charles P. International Capital Movements, Cambridge University Press, 1987. KINDLEBERGER, Charles P.The World in Depression 1929-1939, The Pelican History of World Economy in the Twentieth Century, 1987. KREGEL, Jan Resolving the US Financial Crisis", PSL Quarterly Review, vol.64 n.256


This paper estimates the magnitude of net capital gains on household wealth in Japan and then conducts an econometric analysis of their impact on consumption using national accounts data for the 1955-93 period. It finds that net capital gains on household wealth have been sizeable albeit volatile in Japan during this period and that their impact on consumption has been substantial especially during the late 1980s and early 1990s. The econometric analysis is one of the first cointegration analyses of Japanese consumption behavior and finds strong support for the life cycle/permanent income hypothesis. Copyright 1996 by Royal Economic Society.


Accurate grasping state detection is critical to the dexterous operation of robots. Robots must use multiple modalities to perceive external information, similar to humans. The direct fusion method of visual and tactile sensing may not provide effective visual–tactile features for the grasping state detection network of the target. To address this issue, we present a novel visual–tactile fusion model (i.e., RFCT) and provide an incremental dimensional tensor product method for detecting grasping states of weak-stiffness targets. We investigate whether convolutional block attention mechanisms (CBAM) can enhance feature representations by selectively attending to salient visual and tactile cues while suppressing less important information and eliminating redundant information for the initial fusion. We conducted 2250 grasping experiments using 15 weak-stiffness targets. We used 12 targets for training and three for testing. When evaluated on untrained targets, our RFCT model achieved a precision of 82.89%, a recall rate of 82.07%, and an F1 score of 81.65%. We compared RFCT model performance with various combinations of Resnet50 + LSTM and C3D models commonly used in grasping state detection. The experimental results show that our RFCT model significantly outperforms these models. Our proposed method provides accurate grasping state detection and has the potential to provide robust support for robot grasping operations in real-world applications.


The suitability of whole mount electron microscopy for the localization of gene activity in polytene chromosomes was tested by heat shock induction in Drosophila hydei. The heat shock response of salivary glands is found out to be detrimental to surface spreading properties of salivary gland material. The major heat shock band in division 81 is determined to be 81C2. The heat shock puff is covered by amorphous material probably representing transcription complexes that partly obscure the underlying structures. After 5 min heat shock treatment, spherical particles are observed on the puff site. Successful mapping of this region, which consists of very thin bands including a developmental puff, suggests that whole mount electron microscopy is the method of choice for routine localization of gene activity in polytene chromosome systems.


The use of the Delphi method is based due to its consistent establishment throughout the years in the research area. Currently, the maturity associated to the existent information systems and technologies are responsible for the evolution of the classic Delph method into a Real-Time Delphi method (RTD). It basically reduces to one the characteristic formal rounds associated to the classical method and shortens the time required. These new features lead to a growing interest and use of Real-Time Delphi questionnaires by researchers and professionals. Although this is a recurrent trend, it is not possible to identify the existence of a non-proprietary online survey creation solution with features to allow generating and applying Real-Time Delphi questionnaires. In this context and to respond to a research need it was necessary to develop a technological adaptation of the software LimeSurvey, an open-source online questionnaire management system to be able to create three RealTime Delphi questionnaires. These three questionnaires will allow the conception of a pairing model amidst food and beverage. To achieve the proposed objective, we used a literature review related to the Real-Time Delphi subject and the methodology of Design Science Research which will result an artifact, in this case an adaptation of LimeSurvey for the creation of Real-Time Delphi questionnaires. The results from this work are an adaptation and utilization of the open-source code from the LimeSurvey software and the creation of three RTD questionnaires for research purposes in the creation of a pairing model amidst food and wine.


The Brazilian agribusiness has importance in Brazil, due to participation in the GDP. Considering the influence of the exchange rate in agribusiness, the present study aims to examine its importance in the prices formation over the years. According to the results, fluctuations of the soybeans and fertilizer real price were harmoniously explained by exchange rate changes, however, from 2007, was seen a misalignment between these variables. This behavior in prices is associating to the biofuel question and the heating demand of agricultural products in world order, which resulting in concerns about the impacts on inflation rates, on production costs and in the prices of basic foods in the countries.


A systematic method, based on the two-dimensional spectral domain method, for analyzing complementary unilateral slot and strip resonators is presented. The resonators are printed on anisotropic substrates with tensor permittivity and permeability, including the off-diagonal terms and ferrite properties. Numerical data are presented to illustrate the response of resonators to changes in material properties of the substrate. >


A new capitosaurid amphibian, Parotosaurus rajareddyi , from the Triassic Yerrapalli formation of the Pranhita-Godavari valley is described, and a restoration of the skull roof is given. General features of the skull, particularly the constricted otic notch, indicate that the new Indian species is perhaps more close to the Middle Triassic capitosaurids.


As an industry, marketing research has enjoyed decades of systemic growth. Unfortunately, dissatisfaction with the return on marketing research investments has also been consistently voiced. Part of this complaint may be due to the inadequate way marketing research is being taught. In this article, we review what practitioner–academic gaps have been found in the literature and also present the results of a survey among alumni of a US university. We identify several key gaps including (1) understanding of business issues, (2) ability to define a marketing research problem, (3) ability to design marketing research, (4) ability to analyze data, (5) ability to interpret the results, (6) ability to translate results into actions, (7) ability to effectively interact with clients, and (8) expertise on specific research studies such as customer satisfaction research, branding, and new product development research.


We have investigated the microwave magnetic resonance absorption spectra produced at zero external magnetic field and ∼1.7°K by Hg–Xe arc irradiation of host naphthalene‐d8 crystals with and without added guest naphthalene‐h8 and also by irradiation of host naphthalene‐h8 crystals with and without guest naphthalene‐d8. We have measured the values of the zero field energy splittings of the three components of the lowest energy triplet states for the naphthalene‐h8 guest molecule in naphthalene‐d8 host, for naphthalene‐h8 X‐traps in naphthalene‐h8 host crystals with and without added naphthalene‐d8 guest, and for naphthalene‐d8 X‐traps in naphthalene‐d8 host crystals with and without added naphthaplene‐h8 guest. We have determined the zero field line shapes and proton hyperfine structures for these various triplet species and find them to be in excellent quantitative agreement with our exact calculations for these systems. We have given a detailed discussion of our identification of the various triplet stat...


The gravitational potential of a body in terms of spheroidal harmonics is of great practical use for satellite dynamics. Spheroidal harmonic functions can be described as triple products of functions whose arguments are a single spheroidal coordinate; the zonal and tesseral harmonics vanish along lines of constant latitude or longitude, which trace out planes and cones. This representation is a series expansion in powers of (adr), where a, is the reference equatorial radius and Y is the distance from the body center of mass to the point of interest. For Y < a, the series is usually divergent; this introduces a problem for modeling dynamics within the smallest sphere that completely encloses the body. One scenario where this problem would occur would be for bodies in close proximity to an asteroid, which is generally irregular in shape. If the shape of the body in question can be better approximated by an ellipsoid with three distinct axes, rather than a sphere or oblate spheroid, then a possible solution is to use an ellipsoidal series expansion for the potential. Ellipsoidal harmonic functions can be described as triple products of functions of whose arguments are a single ellipsoidal coordinate. Each point in space can be represented by a set of three ellipsoidal coordinates; the coordinates describe a set of surfaces which are orthogonal at that point: an ellipsoid, a hyperboloid of one sheet, and a hyperboloid of two sheets. The corresponding harmonics vanish along lines of constant values of the ellipsoidal coordinates tracing out hyperboloids of one sheet and two sheets. For the limiting case in which the ellipsoidal axes are equal, the ellipsoidal harmonics take the form of spheroidal harmonics. This paper covers issues relevant to the implementation of ellipsoidal harmonics in existing navigation software. For example, there is not a one-to-one correspondence between Cartesian and ellipsoidal coordinates; one set of ellipsoidal coordinates can be mapped out to a point in each octant of Cartesian space. This inconvenience can be circumvented by expressing ellipsoidal harmonics in Cartesian coordinates; this formulation is more practical for implementation in existing navigation software architectures. The components of attraction are derived from the Cartesian description and are shown to converge at all points exterior to the reference ellipsoid. At distances from the body center of mass greater than a(d2+1), where a is the greatest semi-axis of the ellipsoid, an ellipsoidal harmonic of degree n can be expressed by a series of spherical harmonics of degree n, n-2, .. .. Approaches for full normalization of the coefficients are also covered for the descriptions in ellipsoidal and Cartesian coordinates. Finally, a potential field is simulated for a body whose axes have lengths resembling those of an asteroid such as Eros. Estimates are made for spheroidal and ellipsoidal model parameters. The resulting field estimates are compared to the truth model to determine the degree of field required to achieve certain levels of accuracy.


To reduce the high peak-to-average power ratio(PAPR) in OFDM systems,this paper proposed a novel companding transform scheme.According to keep the middle signals unchanged,compress the large signals and enlarge the small signals,the novel algorithm improved the PAPR performance of OFDM systems.According to comparing with the existing companding scheme,illustrated the effect of proposed scheme on PAPR and BER in detail.The simulation results confirm that the suggested scheme can obtain better PAPR performance and has lower computational complexity.


P-Aminosubstituted a,P-unsaturated Fischer carbene complexes of types 6/7/8 and 21 are readily available in two steps or even a single-pot operation from hexacarbonylchromium and the appropriate alkyne 4 via the alkynyl-substituted complexes 5 by Michael type addition of a secondary (primary) mine or ammonia. With the right choice of substituents and reaction conditions, they can selectively react to give 2H-pyrroles 20 (ref. 17), 5-dialkylamino-3-alkoxycyclopenta- 1,3-dienes 42 (which are synthetic equivalents of cyclopentenones and even cyclopentadienones) (refs. 29,3 I), pyridines 25 (ref. 19), 54 1 '-dialkylaminoalkenylidene)-4-ethoxycyclo- pent-2-enones 32 (ref. 25), 2-( 1'-dialkylamino- I'-alkenyl)cyclopent-2-enones 38 (ref. 27), 2-acyl-3-dialkylaminocyclopent-2-enones 33 (ref. 26) and cyclopenta(b)pyrans 26 (refs. 20,23).


To evaluate the effect of Yuldahansotang(YHT) water extract on cultuted mouse spinal sensory neuron which was inhibited by xanthine oxidase(XO) and hypoxanthine(HX)-induced oxigen radicals, MIT assay, NR assay, Neurofilament enzymeimmuno assay and LDH activity assay were carried our after the cultured mouse spinal sensory neuron were preincubated with various concentrations of YHT water extract for 3 hours prior to exposure of XO/HX. The results obtained were as follows: 1. XO/HX, a oxigen radical, decreased the survival rate of the cultured mouse spinal sensory neuron cells on NR assay and MTT assay. 2. MTT50 value and NR50 value pf XO/HX were 20 mU/ml XO/0.2 mM HX and 40 mU/ml XO/0.2 mM HX. 3. YHT water extract have efficacy of increasing neurofilament. 4. YHT water extract have efficacy of increasing LDH activity. From above the results, It is concluded that YHT has marked efficacy as a treatment for the damages caused in the XO/HX-mediated oxidative process.


Present study is intended on the thermal behaviour of the free base aqueous porphyrin and the
corresponding metalloporphyrins of some of the transition metal ions such as Cu, Ag and Mn. The
respective porphyrins were synthesized and characterized by ultra violet-visible spectroscopy, infrared
spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry. These porphyrins thus obtained were then
subjected to thermal analysis from room temperature to 800 ºC. It was observed that free-base porphyrin
tetrasodium meso-tetra (p-sulphonatophenyl) porphyrin (TPPS4) is stable up to 360 ºC and remaining
metalloporphyrins are stable in the range of 435-460 ºC, respectively. Further, the hygroscopic
porphyrins were subjected to fixation of number of water molecules of crystallization and quantitative
analysis with respect to % of metal oxide, % of Na+, % SO4
2- and % coal respectively.


Seismic properties were determined for two Iherzolite xenoliths found in a basalt pipe cutting the Sierra Nevada batholith. These xenoliths were derived from the upper mantle under the Sierra Nevada. We assume that the fabrics and ultramafic mineralogy of these xenoliths are representative of this upper mantle. The P velocities in a single direction for each of the two samples were determined as a function of pressure and temperature to 9 kbar and 260°C. Physical and modal properties and fabric data for the principal minerals in the samples were used to calculate compressional velocities. Measured velocities agree with the calculated 'Voigt' velocities to within 2.5% but disagree with the 'Reuss' velocities by 10% and 13%. If one assumes no alteration products, the calculated velocities show an anisotropy of 0.5–0.6 km/s at upper mantle pressure-temperature conditions under the Sierra Nevada. The calculated maximum and minimum Vp at 50 km and 500°C are 8.4±0.1 and 7.85±0.12 km/s. The seismic refraction value of 7.9 km/s is nearly parallel to the long axis of the batholith, which is roughly in the same direction as the minimum Vp in the ocean off California. These results are consistent with the existence of large-scale upper mantle anisotropy under the Sierra Nevada as a consequence of subduction of oceanic lithosphere. The assumption of an isotropic upper mantle having the ultramafic mineralogy of these xenoliths does not agree with calculated temperatures for the upper mantle under the Sierra Nevada.


The interrelationship among financial leverage, earnings and dividend decision has long been a subject of interest to various researchers, professionals and investors. The key objective of this study is to examine the effect of financial leverage, earnings on dividend policy. In this study, it is found that previous year dividend amount plays a significant role in current year dividend decision.


Statistical Orbit Determination techniques are used to find satellite positions for various navigation applications. The present paper reports the simulation study of the statistical orbit determination algorithm developed for geostationary and geosynchronous orbits for BeiDou constellation. BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) space constellation is composed of geostationary earth orbit (GEO), medium earth orbit (MEO) and inclined geosynchronous satellite orbit (IGSO). However, predicting the orbital parameters for geostationary earth orbits with zero inclination and for geosynchronous satellite orbits (GSO) with small inclination angle and small eccentricity is a challenging task [1]. Thus this paper is focused on mainly satellite orbit determination techniques for GEO and GSO orbits in the BDS.


Well points are often used to control groundwater and enhance stability of deep excavations in areas of shallow groundwater.The distribution of these well points not only impacts the effectiveness of the de-watering,but also influences the performance of the supporting structures and adjacent environments.From a case history,three different well point arrangements are evaluated with numerical analyses.These well point arrangements are: single row inside the excavated area;double rows inside the excavated area and symmetric double rows outside the excavated area.The numerical approaches study the efficiency of dewatering,the performance of the supporting structure surrounding the excavated areas and the impact on the adjacent environments for each well point arrangement.Better design parameters for layout of the well points for the deep excavations are suggested in this paper.


The nitrogen and sulphur containing compounds are well known for their vital role in medicinal chemistry. Here, we report the synthesis of 2-hydrazido-1,4-benzothiazine (2) from 2-carbethoxy 1,4-benzothiazine-3-(1H)-one (1) and hydrazine hydrate which then treated with acetyl acetone, ethyl acetoacetate, cyanoethylacetate to give substituted 2-(benzothiazine-3-one-2-yl-oxo)-3,5-dimethyl pyrazole (2a), 1-(benzothiazine-3-one-2-yl-oxo)-3-methyl pyrazole-5-one (2b) and (1-benzothiazine-3-one-2-yl-oxo)-3-amino pyrazole-5-one (2c) respectively under microwave irradiation. Further, the reaction of 2 with phenyl isothiocyanate under microwave irradiation yielded 1-(benzothiazolyl-oxo)-4-phenyl thiosemicarbazide (2d) which was subsequently cyclised with conc. Fi 2 SO 4 and dil. NaOH to give targeted 2-(benzothiazin-3-one-2-yl)-5-anilino-1,3,4-oxadiazole (2e) and 1-phenyl-2-[benzothiazine-3(1H)-one-2-yl]-5-mercapto-1,3,5-triazole (2f) respectively.


We consider the problem of characterizing the flow of information in stochastic systems. Recently, several measures of partial information decomposition (PID) have been proposed which, for a fixed target variable, can distinguish unique, redundant, and synergistic contributions from the predictor variables. We study how each of those partial informations travel in a Markov chain, entering at one variable, passing through several variables, and eventually exiting downstream. Our work is agnostic to specific partial information decomposition (PID) measures. We investigate partial information flow among variables relating to overflow events in a river system.


In this paper, we propose a virtual sink (VS) algorithm to controllably allow the packet duplication in receiver based forwarding technique, which can trade packet delivery ratio with energy saving or vice versa. Through simulations, we show that our VS algorithm is highly useful in applying the simplified RBF approach for wireless sensor networks.


We derive a formula for the μ̄-invariant of a Seifert fibered homology sphere in terms of the η-invariant of its Dirac operator. As a consequence, we obtain a vanishing result for the index of certain Dirac operators on plumbed 4-manifolds bounding such spheres.


The Combined-Cycle Gas Turbine (CCGT) power plants are increasingly required to provide the service for balancing the load demand and power supply with the increase of the intermittent power generation from renewable energy sources. To ensure CCGT power plants to operate flexibly and efficiently, it is necessary to find the suitable strategy. This paper presents the feasibility of a CCGT power plant combined with the Thermal Energy Storage (TES) to improve the plant operation flexibility. The dynamic simulation models of a 420MW CCGT power plant and TES system are presented in this paper. The TES charging and discharging strategies are investigated. The simulation results show that TES charging or discharging processes provide the additional mechanisms for regulating the output power of the CCGT power plant.


The world wide pandemic situation revealed the problems in all spheres of human life which haven't been faced before. Recently the world has changed greatly as well as the relationship between people and their professional activity. The great bunch of the workload, if basically acceptable, is done with the use of modern innovative technologies. Such problems have not trampled down the sphere of higher education as well. Distance learning, which was previously addressed to only as accompanying possibility of lessons conduct, nowadays is considered to be the only practicable form of conducting lectures, practical lessons, tests, i.e. it has become a usual daily practice for both teachers and students. Among the basic functional requirements to the electronic educational resources in the system of distance learning there are the visualization and interaction principles both when getting familiar with the theoretical material and when completing virtual laboratory and practical tasks. The Microsoft Office documents have become the most widespread elements among the electronic educational resources. That is why there is a pressing need in presenting the electronic MS Excel spreadsheets on the resource web-pages. The simple and convenient way to solve the problem of Excel documents introduction into the electronic resources of the distance learning systems is the use of cloud services. The services help to acquire the access to the information resources of any level and of any capacity with the possibility to allocate the rights of the users belonging to different groups in relation to the resources. For that purpose the availability of the Internet network access and web-browser would be enough \cite{Kravtsova2020}. The cloud calculation technologies introduction allows for the use of the programs that do not require special licensing, update versions monitoring and eliminates the need of software technical support as the provider himself exercises control over the functioning, data saving, antivirus protection and possible cyberassaults.The peculiarities of professional training of navigators require the students to acquire the knowledge of professionally-oriented tasks algorithms as well as the knowledge of technologies that can help to implements them. One of the main routines the officer needs to deal with on the navigational bridge is the use of the information systems of shipboard hardware. But before usage he needs to assure of the systems reliability. That is why it is extremely important to gain during the course of professional training the necessary skills of navigation equipment exploitation reliability assessment by means of Microsoft Office documents and cloud services. So the subject matter of the suggested research is the procedure development for the navigation equipment exploitation reliability assessment by means of modern services use in the course of professional training of future seafarers. The aim of the paper is the solution of the problems of optimum assessment of the information systems of shipboard hardware reliability by means of cloud technologies usage. The following tasks are completed in the course of the research: the peculiarities and characteristics of navigational information processed by the shipboard navigation and information system have been analyzed; the results of the information systems of shipboard hardware usage have been studied; the technological diagram of the basic components structuring of the "Information systems of shipboard hardware" complex for the Master's degree training course has been created; the effective technology of the program Excel documents processing has been chosen; the system of access and usage of web-services for calculation tables processing in the system of distance learning has been designed;the process of competency formation which will enable students to use cloud services has been suggested.


The Anti-trafficking Protocol reflects the interests of the major powers. Due to the high costs of compliance, countries will strategically select certain obligations to comply, which can satisfy the major powers with smaller costs. Among the three main obligations of the Protocol - prevention, protection and prosecution, we predict that ratification leads to compliance with the prevention policy first because prevention is less costly for member states to comply with. Therefore it is the most efficient form of compliance. We empirically test this hypothesis by employing panel data from 147 countries during the period of 2001-2009. As the theory predicts, the ratification of the Protocol has the strongest effect on the prevention policy of a member state compared to protection and prosecution. Our findings are robust to the method of estimation and the choice of variables.


Orthopedic diseases in cows signifi cantly reduce the profitability of dairy cattle breeding, causing signifi cant technological and economic damage. The aim of the study was to establish a cytokine profi le in cows with necrobacterioses of fi nger lesions. The work was performed in typical dairy farms, on cows with various clinical forms of purulent-necrotic lesions of the extremities of a necrobacterious nature. Diagnostic studies included a complex of clinical, bacteriological biopsy samples of purulent-necrotic foci and determination of the level of cytokines in the blood using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A bacteriological study revealed various associations of F. necrophorum with E. coli, Clostridium spp., Diplococcus lans., Staphylococcus aureus and streptococci, which verifi ed the necrobacterious nature of limb lesions in cows. It was established that in cows with an acute course of purulent-necrotic infl ammatory process in the fi nger area, the concentrations of TNF-α and IL-10 sharply increase. The generalized form of necrobacillary lesions is characterized by a critical increase in the level of TNF-α in the blood by 16.8 times, IL-1β by 17.8 times compared with its level in the acute form of the concentration of IL-10. The cytokine index IL-10: TNF-α acquired a critical value of 0.4: 1, and IL-10 to IL-1β - 1: 1. The development of uncontrolled phlogogenic cytokinemia is noted, which refl ects a systemic infl ammatory response syndrome. A recurrent type of purulent-necrotic lesion of the extremities is characterized by rather low levels of IL-1β and IL-10. The content of IL-1β was 2.4 times greater (p <0.05). However, the concentration of TNF remained quite large and prevailed over the norm by 12.6 times (p <0.001), which was refl ected in the extremely low corresponding index of 0.3: 1. That is, in this case, in a chronic course of necrobacteriosis of the extremities of cows, uncompensated permanent cytokinemia due to TNF-α is formed, which leads to the recurrent nature of the purulent-necrotic process. So, the mechanism of development of the cytokine profi le in cattle requires further research.
Key words: phlogogenic and anti-infl ammatory purulent-necrotic lesions, cytokines, cows, infl ammation, fi ngers.


The notion of linguistic safety is investigated from two perspectives: on the one hand, as the safety of language itself, and on the other – language as an instrument providing social safety. The paper seeks to explore the notions "linguistic safety" and "safety of language" and show the dialectic connection between them; to define the key terms associated with linguistic safety and discuss the main approaches to the concepts under study; to analyse the ways to preserve language and its role as an instrument of ensuring social safety in an urban landscape. The research focuses on such issues as the preservation of the purity and cultural uniqueness of the Russian language; the ability of language to ensure people's individual psychological and physical safety; its mission in providing information and national security, workplace, technical and aviation safety; as well as the role of linguists, translators and interpreters in all the spheres outlined above. On the basis of the findings, we formulate a number of steps which have to be taken in order to ensure linguistic safety, in particular the regulation of language use in street advertisements, posters and other urban media with the help of professional linguists; careful elaboration of workplace safety instructions; wider use of street signs aimed at the prevention of injuries and providing for people's physical safety, with special attention to non-native speakers, such as migrants and foreign tourists; measures to improve the English language competence of pilots, controllers and flight attendants in order to take care of aviation safety; more active involvement of linguists, translators and interpreters in the development of a safe urban linguistic environment.


pedunculated polyp A 46-year-old woman was admitted to a local medical center with abdominal pain and discomfort, which she had experienced for 6 months. Her medical history was unremarkable. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) showed a huge pedunculated polyp located in the stomach body. The patient was referred to our hospital for endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) with the working diagnosis of hyperplastic polyp. On repeat EGD, an 8-cm pedunculated and lobulated polyp with broad base was observed in the posterior wall of the distal gastric body (●" Fig.1). Laparoscopic distal gastrectomy was performed because the polyp was too large for ESD. On gross examination, the tumor, which measured 7cm, was ill-defined with a fibro-fatty appearance and mixed elastic-soft and solid consistency. Microscopically, the tumor consisted of mature adipocytes, with variation in cell size and scattered, bizarre, hyperchromatic stromal cells in a fibrillary and collagenous background (●" Fig.2). The tumor cells showed positive nuclei staining for MDM2 (●" Fig.3) and CDK4 (●" Fig.4). The final histopathological diagnosis was that of a well-differentiated liposarcoma. The patient was considered for adjuvant treatment because the resection margin was positive for liposarcoma. Liposarcoma accounts for 15%–20% of all sarcomas and usually affects the extremities and retroperitoneum [1]. However, gastric liposarcoma is extremely rare, with only 13 cases reported in the literature. The recently updated World Health Organization classification recognizes four major subtypes of liposarcoma: atypical lipomatous tumor/well-differentiated, de-differentiated, myxoid, and pleomorphic liposarcoma [2,3]. Although onethird of well-differentiated liposarcomas show local recurrence, metastasis is virtually never seen unless de-differentiation occurs [3]. The most important prognostic factor is anatomical location [1,4]. Overall mortality ranges from 0% for atypical lipomatous tumor of the extremities to nearly 80% for tumors occurring in the visceral sites and retroperitoneum [2,3].


THE CONCEPT OF PAVEMENT UNSERVICEABILITY IS EXAMINED AND ALTERNATE TECHNIQUES FOR MEASURING THE SERVICEABILITY CHARACTERISTICS OF HIGHWAY PAVEMENTS IS EXPLORED. THE REQUIREMENTS OF A SERVICEABILITY CRITERION ARE FORMALLY ESTABLISHED AND THE CURRENT KNOWLEDGE ON HUMAN RESPONSE TO MOTION IS REVIEWED IN LIGHT OF THESE REQUIREMENTS. THE RESULTS OF AN EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM INVOLVING THE MEASUREMENT OF HUMAN TRACKING BEHAVIOR ARE GIVEN AND COMPARED WITH PARALLEL SUBJECTIVE RATINGS AND MEASURES OF ROAD ROUGHNESS.


The relation between the causes of man's social behaviour, decision making, choice of aim and responsibility is discussed. The psychological aspects of responsibility are analysed. The divergent evaluations of responsibility by actor and observer, their differing attributions are discussed as well. The problem of the control of the conditions of act as well as of the possibilities of a subject to influence upon surroundings is considered.


The green chemical technology of benzaldehyde production has been developed. Manganese sulfate reacted with ammonium carbonate to yield manganese carbonate and ammoniun sulfate. Manganese carbonate was calcined under three different temperatures within the range of 250-750℃ to obtain manganese sesquioxide, then reacted with toluene and surphric acid in a three phase reactor to produce benzaldehyde. After reaction, the three phases (solid, oil, aqueous) were separated automatically. The benzaldehyde was separated from oil by distillation, the unreacted toluene is to be reused. The manganese sulfate in water phase is to be reacted with ammonium carbonate to yield manganese carbonate again. The residual manganese sesquioxide in the solid phase is to be reused to produce benzaldehyde. This recycle technology formed a closed recycle system, and the operation conditions were optimized. After five times recycle operation, the toluene conversion rate also kept around 75%.


An equivalent circuit model, which takes into account the resonances of higher modes beyond the fundamental one, of a rectangular microstrip patch antenna is developed. The model is based on the broad-band transmission line model, and can be constructed to account for as many higher modes as it is desirable. Its good accuracy is proved after comparison with a full-wave analysis simulation program.


This paper describes the development of grain drying mechanization,points out the objective reality that grain drying mechanization in Jiangsu is not commensurate with the level of agricultural development and economic development,analyzes the impacts of popularizing Jiangsu grain drying machinery,put forwards proposals to develop the grain dryers,grain drying mechanization in Jiangsu.


Objective. To study frequency of vitamin D deficiency among teenagers of a Moscow sample and its possible influence on bone mineral density (BMD) value. Material and methods. 318 teenagers (139 male, 179 female) aged 14 to 18 years were included. Clinical examination, anthropometry, calculation of daily calcium consumption, densitometry, 25(OH)D serum level, total and ionized calcium level evaluation were performed. Results. Boys consumed more calcium with milky products than girls (p<0,0001). Boys also had significantly higher concentration of total calcium (p<0,02) and 25(OH)D (p<0,0001). Frequency of vitamin D deficiency in girls was 10 times higher than among boys and came to 53,6%. Frequency of vitamin D hypovitaminosis and insufficiency was significantly higher among girls examined in February-March and frequency of vitamin D deficiency significantly prevailed in group examined in November- December (58,8%, p<0,0001). Correlation between serum concentration of 25(OH)D and age, height, weight, body mass index, daily calcium consumption, total and ionized calcium levels, BMD were not found. Girls with vitamin D deficiency aged 14-15 years showed increase of BMD in proximal femur.


The research is on Du Fu's metrical poetry system from four aspects: rhythm,rhyme,antithesis and structure.Then comes to the conclusion: First,in rhythm,before Du Fu came to Sichuan,occasionally there were three ping opposing to three ze tail in his poems,while he entered Sichuan,this usage disappeared; he paid attention to stubborn rescues,that was to say,if there was a sentence ao,it would be changed as a save in the couplet; there were a lot of three ze tail sentences; and he strictly stuck to the rules. Two,in the rhythm,Du Fu strictly used tone rhythm,with only 5 rhymes and 1 heavy rhyme in a total of 1708 rhymes; his use of rhyme covered widely and deliberately; there was a relatively stable rhyme group in his poems; and the number of the rhythm were even. Three,in antithesis,five long metrical poetry sentence antitheses were common,while seven rows were few in his poems; antithesis sentence types,rhythm,sentence structures,sentence patterns were diversified;those in the adjacent two were hardly the same. Four,in structure,long metrical poetry paragraphs were clear,and the main line of thoughts and feelings were from the beginning to the end; between paragraphs,transitional sentence was arranged to change contents smoothly.


AbstractProfiling airborne radar data and accompanying large-eddy-simulation (LES) modeling are used to examine the impact of ground-based glaciogenic seeding on cloud and precipitation in a shallow stratiform orographic winter storm. This storm occurred on 18 February 2009 over a mountain in Wyoming. The numerical simulations use the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model in LES mode with horizontal grid spacings of 300 and 100 m in a domain covering the entire mountain range, and a glaciogenic seeding parameterization coupled with the Thompson microphysics scheme. A series of non-LES simulations at 900-m resolution, each with different initial/boundary conditions, is validated against sounding, cloud, and precipitation data. The LES runs then are driven by the most representative 900-m non-LES simulation. The 100-m LES results compare reasonably well to the vertical-plane radar data. The modeled vertical-motion field reveals a turbulent boundary layer and gravity waves above this layer, as observe...


The choice of an appropriate representation of data is one of the most crucial tasks in the entire systems development process. However in practice, there are few generally accepted guidelines for evaluating alternative models, and little agreement even among experts as to what makes a "good" data model. In the absence of agreed criteria, the choice of an appropriate representation is usually made in an ad hoc way, based on common sense and experience. As a result, data modelling has more of the characteristics of an art than an engineering discipline, and the quality of models produced is almost entirely dependent on the competence of the designer. This paper develops a framework for evaluating the quality of data models and choosing between alternative representations of requirements. The framework has been developed in practice, and has been applied successfully in a wide range of organisational contexts.


The paper presents new method of integration home digital network with Bluetooth wireless communication system. In this new application Bluetooth is used as one of the main ways of communication and information exchange between elements of the system for integrated, centralized control of the digital devices in the multimedia home platform. Bluetooth enables communication between multimedia gateway with the HTTP server inside and personal communication assistants (PCA), special kind of the remote control. The aim of the system is centralization of services in the multimedia gateway and integration of different services using only one control device.


A new species of Asplenium (Aspleniaceae), A. minutifolium Kanem. & Tagane, from Phu Kradueng National Park, Loei Province, Northeast Thailand and Khao Yai National Park, Nakhon Nayok Province, Central Thailand, is described and illustrated. This species can be distinguished from all similar species in East and South-East Asia by its simple and small lamina (1–5 × 0.3–0.7 cm), small and entire pinnae (1–4 × 0.8–2.5 mm), reflexed pinna arrangement (>90° from the midrib) in the lower 2/3 of the lamina and a sori arrangement that is almost always arranged in a single row on the basiscopic vein.


Newborn asphyxia is a common and serious problem worldwide. Every year thousands of newborn infants require some form of resuscitation immediately after birth. Over the past decades, neonatal resuscitation programs have been well developed, but some of the procedures employed in these programs are not based on strong scientific evidence. One example is the use of pure oxygen in resuscitation. However this practice met no challenge until recent years. There is more and more evidence indicating that resuscitation using room air might not be inferior to that using pure oxygen. Compared to oxygen, resuscitation with room air is much more convenient, especially in the poorly equipped hospitals in the Abstract Objective: To compare the effects of resuscitation using room air or oxygen on hypoxic damage of fetal rat brains. Methods: Thirty-five fetal rats of 20-day gestational age were randomly divided into three groups: sham operation (control, n=11), room-air resuscitation (n=10), and oxygen (concentration 92.8%) resuscitation (n=14). Fetal rats in the latter two groups suffered from ischemia and hypoxia inutero resulting from interruption of placental circulation. After recirculation, intraand extra-cellular concentrations of calcium, sodium, and potassium in the brains were measured in each group. Results: Intracellular free calcium concentration of fetal rat brains was similar between the room-air resuscitation group (552.08 ± 93.50 nmol/L) and the oxygen resuscitation group (520.61 ± 79.08 nmol/L), and both were significantly higher than that in the control (315.27 ± 86.88 nmol/L) (P<0.001). There was no difference in the total concentrations of calcium, sodium, or potassium among the three groups. Conclusion: Resuscitation with room air or 92.8% oxygen had a similar effect on the parameters measured, suggesting that resuscitation of asphyxiated neonates using room air might not be inferior to that using high-concentration oxygen.


Culex infantulus Edwards, not previously known from Malaya, has now been collected in Segambut, Selangor. The probable phylogeny is discussed briefly, and characters for separating it from other Malayan species are given.


State Responsibility in the International Legal Order: A Critical Appraisal by Katja Creutz [ Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2020, 352pp, ISBN 978-1-108-49429-8, £95 (h/bk)] In Ibsen's play The Enemy of the People, Dr Stockman fights relentlessly for the truth, even if it runs counter to the wishes of the majority. [...]the book ends by discussing the fragmentation of the regime and alternatives to responsibility that are better suited to tackling current challenges, namely international liability and criminal law. [...]no field of law, whether domestic or international, can escape the ultimate argument of 'political will'. [...]as the author's approach is pragmatic, the argument of political will could not have been avoided.


A high-quality artificial antigen of T-2 toxin was prepared by the methods proposed by Chu and Katsumi: T-2toxin in pyridine reacted with glutaric anhydride and then was converted to T-2HG. At the presence of EDC,DMF,NHS,T-2HG was conjugated with BSA / OVA。The ultraviolet scanning demonstrated that the conjugates was successfully synthesized. After immuning Balb / c mice with the artificial antigen,a modified semisolid medium and a novel two-step screening method were adopted to select and breed excellent monoclonal hybridoma cell lines. Finally,a highly-sensitive anti-T-2 toxin MAb( 4F12) was screened out. The sensitivity( expressed by IC50) of 4F12 to T-2 toxin was ng/mL. The cross-reactivities of the antibody 4F12 to mycotoxin analogues,such as AFB1,DON,ZEN,OTA et al,were all less than 1%. The antibody 4F12 showed high quality of sensitivity and specificity. It offered an important foundation for T-2-specific immuno-assay technologies and products in grain and oil.


The Pope's encyclical letter, Laudato Si': On Care for our Common Home (2015), has generated significant debate since its publication. The first Papal pronouncement focused on environmental issues,...


Abstract Objective: Determine the association between different parameters of oral health and the self-rated health (SRH) in Colombian community-dwelling older adults. Methods: This is a secondary analysis of the SABE-Colombia study performed in 2015. The dependent variable was defined as the SRH status assessed by the question Compared with other people your age: Do you consider your health status to be: better, equal or worse? The oral health parameters were edentulism, the GOHAI score and the use of dental prosthesis. Three multivariable logistic regression was performed compared better vs. worse, better vs. equal and equal vs. worse health status, adjusted by socio-demographic variables, comorbidities, and geriatric syndromes. Results: After the exclusion of missing data, 18180 persons were included in the final analysis. 10.6, 37.6 and 51.6% persons reported worse, equal and better SRH, respectively. The worse SRH group had a higher proportion of > 80 years old persons, dependence, cognitive impairment, and depressive symptoms. The presence of edentulism and a low score of GOHAI were more frequent in the worse SHR group. After the multivariable logistic regression, all parameters of oral health status were associated with a worse SRH. Conclusion: In our study, the oral health parameters were associated with self-rated health status. This result supports the inclusion of oral health in comprehensive geriatric assessment.


This letter investigates a dynamic scheme to analyze and optimize unmanned-aerial-vehicle-(UAV)-to-ground millimeter-wave (MMW) networks. First, a downlink energy transfer is proposed, followed by the uplink information transfer process between the UAV base stations (BSs) and a ground Internet of things (IoT) network. The UAVs fly above the ground IoT network in the energy transfer phase with the dynamic regulation to minimize the path loss fading. Afterwards, the ground-based IoT devices use the received energy to transmit the uplink information using vertical links. The UAV BSs are modeled with gain from multiple three-dimensional uniform linear antenna arrays. After deriving new statistical properties, we analyze the spectrum efficiency and energy efficiency for the system. Our numerical results have shown that the dynamic scheme in UAV-to-ground IoT networks provides great advantages than a traditional static deployment.


cell death. Inhibition of mTORC1-mediated 4EBP1 phosphorylation leads to decreased expression of c-MYC and subsequent upregulation of the proapoptotic BCL2 family member PUMA, whereas inhibition of mTORC2 results in nuclear factor- k B–mediated expression of the Early Growth Response 1 ( EGR1 ) gene, which encodes a transcription factor that binds and transactivates the proapoptotic BCL2L11 locus encoding BIM. Importantly, 1 or both pathways contribute to death of malignant lymphoid cells after treatment with dual mTORC1/mTORC2 inhibitors. Collectively, these observations not only provide new insight into the survival roles of mTOR in lymphoid malignancies, but also identify alterations that potentially modulate the action of mTOR dual inhibitors in ALL. ( Blood . 2016;127(22):2711-2722) to better understand the unique action of mTORC1/mTORC2 dual inhibitors in malignant lymphoid


Cloud platform offers a plethora of services, concepts and applications such as storage, processing power, virtualization, connectivity and sharing. It allows users to have access to applications delivered as a service from the internet as well as the hardware and system software in the data centers that provide such services. No doubt, with so many benefits and plus points, cloud is here to stay and to grow even further in the coming time but as it happens with every good thing, there are issues with cloud too. The user's privacy and ensuring secure data migration of their most valuable data is one of the major challenges among the list of challenges being posed by the cloud platforms. Proposed system is used to migrate the data from private cloud to public cloud using encryption and stegnography technique.


Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) are equipped with various sensors and controlled by Autonomous Driving Systems (ADSs) to provide high-level autonomy. When interacting with the environment, AVs suffer from a broad attack surface, and the sensory data are susceptible to anomalies caused by faults, sensor malfunctions, or attacks, which may jeopardize traffic safety and result in serious accidents. Most of the current works focus on anomaly detection of specific attacks, such as GPS spoofing or traffic sign attacks. There are no works on scenario-aware anomaly detection for ADSs. In this paper, focusing on the lane-following scenario, we introduce a novel transformer-based one-class classification model to identify time series anomalies and adversarial image examples. It can detect GPS spoofing, traffic sign recognition and lane detection attacks with high efficiency and accuracy. We further design a Swin-transformer model to enhance the detection performance. Experiments on Baidu Apollo and two public data sets (GTSRB and Tusimple) show that compared with the state-of-the-art methods, our method, on average, improves the detection performance by 9.7%, 14.7% and 15.7% for GPS spoofing, traffic sign recognition and lane detection attacks, respectively.


Background. Acute heart failure (AHF) in patients with infective endocarditis (IE) is an independent indication for urgent cardiac surgery according to international guidelines. Preoperative risk factors for AHF in patients with IE empower to build the route of a patient rationally according to clinical status.
The aim. To analyze clinically significant risk factors for AHF in patients with IE.
Materials and methods. A retrospective single-center study was conducted which included clinical data of 311 patients with IE who were treated at the National Amosov Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine for the period from January 1, 2019 to October 22, 2021. The mean age of the patients was 47.9 ± 3.83 (19 to 77) years. The proportion of men in the study was 81.7% (254 patients). The mean duration of IE was 2.6 ± 0.1 (1 to 11) months. Global database for IE patients was divided into separate cohorts with different problems associated with this pathology. Diagnosis of IE was established according to the Duke criteria. The causative agent was identified and results of antibioticogram were evaluated. All the patients were divided into classes according to the New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional scale. Patients with signs of AHF were assigned to NYHA class IV. There were 2 groups of patients: 252 (81.1%) patients without signs of AHF before surgery, 59 (18.9%) patients with preoperative AHF. The risk factors for the occurrence of AHF were analyzed. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. The intensive care unit length of stay and hospital length of stay were evaluated.
Results. Risk factors for preoperative AHF in patients with IE: IE of the aortic valve (odds ratio (OR), 2.97 [1.57-6.91]) (p=0.003); concomitant inflammatory pathology of the lungs (OR 3.37 [1.55-7.11]) (р=0.003); linezolid resistance of the pathogen (OR 2.34 [1.07-4.26]) (р=0.026); vancomycin resistance of the pathogen (OR 2.25 [1.13-4.74]) (p=0.032); IE of the prosthetic heart valve (OR 1.155 [1.01-1.1]) (p=0.036); nosocomial nature of the disease (OR 2.14 [0.83-4.37]) (р=0.049). The intensive care unit length of stay was significantly longer in the group of patients with AHF (8.8 ± 0.7 days) than in the group of patients without AHF (4.8 ± 0.2 days) (р˂0.001). For 311 surgical interventions, the number of deaths was 7 (2.3%). The analysis of deaths according to the type of complications revealed that 4 (1.5%) patients died due to cardiac causes (263 cardiac complications). Among them, the largest share was made up of patients with AHF: 3 (1.4%).
Conclusions. In clinical work, it is important to identify preoperative factors that are associated with the tactics of treatment of patients with IE in order to improve the results of cardiac surgery.


Soil moisture was the limiting factor for vegetation rehabilitation on the Loess Plateau in China.Understanding the relationship between vegetation and soil moisture was important to soil and water conservation.During the period of July 1,2008 and October 31,2009,we measured soil moisture dynamics of Robinia pseudoacacia plantations,Pinus tabulaeformis plantation and the secondary forests every 30 minutes on the Loess Plateau in western ShanXi Province,China.The results showed that the average soil water storage in the 0—150cm soil profile under the secondary forest is 332 mm,234 mm under Robinia pseudoacacia plantations,and 315 mm under Pinus tabulaeformis plantation with land preparation.The low soil moisture in the Robinia pseudoacacia plantations was due to water consumption not only from the 0—80 cm soil layer but also from below the 80 cm soil layer.In contrast,secondary forests consumed soil water mainly from upper layer of the soil(0—80 cm) and used precipitation to keep balance between forests consumption and soil water. The year round change of soil moisture can be divided into soil moisture decreasing stage,slowly recovering stage and dramatically fluctuating stage.During soil decreasing stage from November and January,the soil moisture decreases at similar rate under all three forests(from 0.82—0.86 mm/d).During February and May,which is the stage of soil moisture slowly recovering,the daily recovering pace in Robinia pseudoacacia plantations is 0.90mm/d,Pinus tabulaeformis plantation 0.53mm/d,secondary forest 0.79mm/d.During May and October,which is the stage of soil moisture dramatically fluctuating,the recorded range of soil moisture in Robinia pseudoacacia plantations is 95.71mm,Pinus tabulaeformis plantation 179.1mm,secondary forest 72.03mm.Land was prepared as narrow terrace before Pinus tabulaeformis plantation,which could increase infiltration and soil moisture during rainfall,resulting much higher soil moisture range during the dramatically fluctuating stage. Soil profile of 0—150cm could be divided into dramatic changing layer,weak changing layer and relatively stable layer according to coefficient of variation of soil moisture.The dramatic changing layer was 0—40 cm to Robinia pseudoacacia plantation,while 0—30 cm soil to both secondary forest and pine artificial forest.The coefficient of variation soil moisture in secondary forest was less than 0.01 in 60—150 cm soil profile,which was the relatively stable layer and obviously higher than Robinia pseudoacacia plantations and Pinus tabulaeformis plantation.The coefficient of variation of 80—150 cm soil moisture under the secondary forest was less than 0.05,which means soil moisture changes little below 80cm and thus the secondary forest seldom used the soil water below 80cm. This research suggests that more secondary forest should be promoted instead of plantation to avoid excessive consumption of soil water and prevent "dry layer" formation in soil profile on the Loess Plateau.


This paper attempts to construct a conceptual framework for the systematic analysis of international phenomena. This framework could become a standard form within which policy analysis, conditional forecasting, scenario building and tendential development could be carried out. The ultimate purpose of these activities being to systematize the foreign policy making process. This assumes that a more methodical consideration of all significant factors, trends, patterns and relationships in international events will improve one's capacity to forecast probably demands and plan policy responses.


The ideal gas is a physical model for studying the properties of gases. As a lot of students feel difficult in learning this part, I will introduce an interesting way to prove the relationship between the volume and pressure in ideal gas, by the assistance of computer.


This paper examines the effect of foreign capital inflow on savings, investment and economic growth rate in Egypt. Regression results showed that foreign capital inflow has a significant positive effect on savings and investment and in turn on the economic growth rate. Also, the complementarity between foreign direct investment (FDI) and domestic investment was established. The results indicated a strong positive effect of investment on economic growth rate in Egypt. The paper demonstrates the importance of foreign capital in improving savings, investment and growth performance in Egypt.


This study aims to describe the implementation of Fire Care Community (MPA) development and to identify related problems in Batanghari District and Tanjung Jabung Timur District, Jambi Province. For the purpose of data collection, interviewing Village Government, Brigade Fire Fighting (MA), MPA, Forest Management Unit (KPH),Technical Unit of Conservation on Natural Resources, Provincial Forestry Office, and Non-Governmental Organization are conducted. Most development of the MPA in Jambi is carried out by agencies of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry in Jambi, and several regional agencies. The obstacles on MPA development arethe limited number of personnel and budget, wide scope of work areas, and less supportive regulations. The approach that is used by these agencies in the formation of MPAs aredirectly on community groups not village institutions. This has led to deviations from the purpose of the formation of the MPA which creates a disharmonious relationship between the community and the MPA. Therefore, to strengthen better MPA management, the village approach could be an alternative for increasing the Village Government, MPA and also community in participating on fire control. This can be realized by applying a structural and participatory approach.


Princeton University researchers have uncovered a new family of naturally occurring cyclic peptides (Nat. Chem. 2015, DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2237). Cyclic peptides play many roles in bacterial biology,...


When the enolate anion (3) of the bicyclic ketone (8) is treated with methyl fluorosulphonate and dienophiles, the normal sequence of O-methylation and cycloaddition is not observed; instead, addition of the anion (3) to the trienone (8) occurs to give, in the presence of 4-phenyltriazole-3,5-dione, the hexacyclic adducts (10) and (11). Structure (10) was determined by X-ray diffraction (Figure 1). When water is used to quench the enolate anion solution, the dimer (16) is formed. Thus three new carbon–carbon bonds are formed regio- and stereo-selectively, for which a sequence of three stereoelectronically favoured Michael additions is proposed (Scheme 2). The new hexacyclic system is highly concave with a self-filling cavity (Figure 2) having near-parallel sides with a separation of less than 3.4 A. The initial red solution of the anion (3) rapidly changes to a persistent blue colour; it is suggested that this could be caused by intramolecular charge transfer across the molecular cavity, from the enolate anion donor to the dienone acceptor, in the hexacyclic anion (15).


OBJECTIVE:To facilitate a smooth evolvement of the classified drug control in China.METHODS:The de-velopment of Chinese classified drug control was reviewed and problems in the process of its enforcement were discussed.RES_ ULTSCONCLUSION:The related laws,codes and policies should be established as soon as possible,and the knowledge of safe drug use should be popularized among the public to facilitate evermore smooth classified drug control.


In English as a Foreign Language, the emphasis of teaching and learning process tends to be on reading skills. It can be seen from the fact that almost 50 percent of the items of the national final examination consist of reading. It means that if the students have problems in comprehending reading texts such as narrative, descriptive, procedure, recount, and report, they will fail in their examination. Therefore, this study is intended to find out the students' problems in comprehending English reading texts. Besides, it is also intended to investigate the similarities between the problems of high, moderate, and low achievers, and the solutions taken by the teacher. This study is categorized as a descriptive research since it describes the reading problems faced by the third year students of SMAN 4 Malang. Because this study is focused in only one setting, it is regarded as a case study. The subjects of this study were 41 students of the third year of SMAN 4 Malang on East Java Province in the academic year of 2008/2009. The instruments used to collect the data needed in this study were a questionnaire, an interview guide, and a kind of reading test for determining high, moderate, and low achievers. The data of this study consisted of qualitative data. After that, the qualitative data were analyzed by relating the collected data with other studies, experts, or methods. Based on the questionnaire and the interview, all the students had problems in comprehending English reading texts. The problems were related to vocabulary knowledge, reading comprehension, reading strategies, physical condition, reading interest, and use of reference material. However, the problems of the students mostly were just the same. Based on the questionnaire, the most prevalent problems that the students often found were the difficulties in acquiring meaning of special terms (65.85 %), in recognizing two or more similar words (56.1%), in understanding idioms (53.66%), and also in reading fast and accurately (51.22%). Based on the interview, the problems were lack of vocabulary knowledge and reading interest. There were also some actions such as CTL, cooperative learning, and jigsaw done by the teacher to solve the problems. Based on the findings, it is suggested for the English teacher to provide the students a lot of different types of text and consider what skills might be learned by the students in order to ease them in comprehending English reading texts. It is also suggested for the principal of the school and the authority to facilitate the school with a lot of English reading materials, such as newspapers, magazines, novels, encyclopedias, comics, and so on. However, carrying out the next research in more than one setting might be done by other researchers in the future with new different approaches or methods.


A recent suggestion of integrability of Schamel's (1973) modified Korteweg-de Vries equation for ion acoustic waves in a two-component plasma is discussed. Various arguments, including ones based on the truncated Painleve expansion, are presented which support the existence of special structure for this equation. However, the evidence for complete integrability of Schamel's equation is not yet conclusive.


Two teachers gathered psychology definitions from 1000 college students enrolled in introductory psychology classes on the first and last days of class during two successive fall terms at the University of Tennessee. A word analysis of first-day definitions suggested three major themes: behavior, mind/brain, and environment. These themes showed that the conventional wisdom of these students about how psychology is defined remained consistent, in most ways, with actual textbook definitions. Last-day definitions revealed very close agreement with definitions contained in the text and used by the teacher in the introductory psychology class. Introductory textbook authors and teachers of introductory classes should understand prevailing, conventional definitions of psychology and be aware of the influence a textbook definition and the definition teachers use in class have on the students' view of psychology. Defining Psychology 3 EFFECTS OF TEXTBOOK AND TEACHER DEFINITIONS ON STUDENT DEFINITIONS OF PSYCHOLOGY Defining psychology for students presents no easy task. A moment of reflection suggests that a multiplicity of definitions have existed and exist today. This fact becomes evident in the etatheoretical articles of journals like American Psychologist (cf. Hebb, 1974; Kimble, 1984; Lapointe, 1970; Peterson, 1976; Piaget & Kaaii, 1978; Rogers, 1973; Russell, 1970; Skinner, 1975, 1987), or American Scientist (Kessen & Cahan, 1986). Another source that attests to the change and variance in definitions cones from a look at introductory textbooks. An exploration of these texts reveals changing trends in the way they define psychology. Henley, Johnson, Jones, and Herzog (1989), reported that a finite set of definitional categories emerged from an analysis of such texts, but, over time, textbook definitions showed Kuhnian-paradigmatic trends and shifts. These shifts included the return of mentalism and the stabilizing of "behavior" in current definitions of psychology. Beyond that, specific terms involved in the field of psychology during any certain period of time frequently ended up in textbook definitions after a "paradigm shift." According to Kuhn, "Textbooks, however, being the pedagogic vehicles for the perpetuation of normal science, have to be rewritten in whole or in part whenever the language, problem-structure, or standards of normal science change. In short they have to be rewritten in the aftermath of each scientific revolution" (p. 137). Against this general backdrop of how psychologists define psychology, we were curious to see how college students, with little or no previous exposure to psychology, would define the field. Further, we wanted to compare these


The invention discloses a manufacturing method of an artificial algae farm. The manufacturing method of the artificial algae farm is characterized in that the method is carried out according to the following steps of selecting an offshore area or an inner bay with small wind and wave and low flow speed, evenly arranging a plurality of algae farm unit points on the seabed, wherein each unit point contains five or five piles of artificial algal reefs and the artificial algal reefs are arranged in a crosswise mode, the distances among the artificial algal reefs or piles of artificial algal reefs are 5m to 10m, hauling ropes are bound on each artificial algal reef or each pile of artificial algal reef, the tail ends of all the hauling ropes are connected with floats, the floats enable each hauling rope to be pulled straight, alga seedlings are clamped on the hauling ropes with equal distances, the alga seedlings ripen one year later, spores are released in sea areas, the spores attach to the artificial algal reefs on the seabed, and the artificial algae farm is formed. The manufacturing method of the artificial algae farm is beneficial for algal spores to be attached to the artificial algal reefs and grow, and meanwhile offspring seeds can be guaranteed to be evenly distributed in the algae farm.


We investigate what large sets of real numbers such as uncountable, open, second Baire category, or positive Lebesgue measure contain copies of small sets such as nite, countable, or bounded. Some remarks


Based on the visual simulative environment of STK,the system has established the environment of disposition for launching the rocket,through setting up mathematical model of the rocket and the facilities,introducing the geographical data.On this basis,by utilizing the rocket theoretical trajectory,we analyse lengths,AER,defilade angle,etc.,and adopt Gauss-Markov's least square method to estimate more intersection precision of the facilities.A new method to evaluate the disposition based on GDOP and constraied condition of facilities is presented,and we have elected the optimal disposition in the given area with the genetic algorithm.The system can also be applied in the disposition in other domains for evaluating and analysing.


In 2013 the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture issued a new National Curriculum Guide for the Compulsory school in Iceland. In the new curricula drastic changes were made and curricula of individual subjects were merged into larger entities. Religious Education thus became a part of so-called Social Studies. That entails, among other things, that the role of religious education is primarily described in the context of the subjects that are included there. The aim of this article is to explore and discuss the changes of the curriculum in Religious Education for Compulsory School (the primary and the lower secondary school) in Iceland over the last decades. In the light of theoretical debate in neighboring countries the article will discuss the challenges, opportunities and risks consisted in such a radical change, also the status and role of Religious Education and what approaches might be suitable when the subject is becoming a part of Social Studies in the Icelandic Curriculum Guide. The article also discusses the challenges for the National Church of Iceland and other religious organizations and their role in religious education.


haematogenous. This concept is further substantiated by the response to treatment: simple excision of the abscess and primary suture resulted in a satisfactory recovery in almost all cases. This rather unusual presentation of tuberculous infection may, understandably, lead to difficulties in diagnosis. In the Birmingham series the correct preoperative diagnosis was recorded in only 6 of the 32 patients, though all were seen by experienced staff. In their early experience the Biadford workers used prolonged immobilization of adjacent joints and an exhaustive search for underlying chronic tuberculosis. However, with increasing experience in both centres it became apparent that no obvious underlying focus was present and that the patients could be treated relatively lightly. Once the diagnosis had been confirmed by aspiration and the patient given antituberculosis drug therapy surgical drainage of the pus was often not required. In the Birmingham report it is stressed that the best form of treatment, if surgery becomes necessary, is excision and primary suture of the abscess. Merely to incise and drain the abscess results in secondary infection, and a sinus that takes a long time to heal. It is not clear why tuberculous disease in immigrants should behave in a different way from tuberculous disease as we once used to know it in Britain. There is no evidence that the strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is any different. General practitioners and casualty officers should be aware of this new-look tuberculous disease, for it is to them that the majority of these patients will come. It is important not only to recognize these lesions before inappropriate treatment is begun but also to recognize the benign natural history of the disease and to protect the patient from overzealous treatment.


I could download it free as part of Project Gutenberg, which digitalizes and makes hundreds of thousands of books freely available. The above book was a compilation of a series of lectures on the Silliman Foundation, delivered in April 1913 (exactly 100 years ago), at Yale University. Although William Osler died over ninety-three years ago, his life and writings continue to spawn interest on his work as a legendary physician, teacher, author, speaker, and, above all, an admirable bibliophile. As rightly penned by Anand et al, "Perhaps, he still inspires reverence because his life, as described by his biographer Harvey Cushing, epitomizes the ideal relationship between a teacher and a student, between physician and his patient, between a doctor and his colleagues, between men and books, libraries, societies, and universities". His prodigious nature can only be understood when we know him as one of the 'Big Four' of Johns Hopkins University and by the fact that many of his contemporaries, who were gifted clinicians and writers, are now forgotten. It is also documented that when Osler died in 1919, he was probably the most famous doctor in the Western world. It is remarkable that medical students still read his 1892 book,