The third ordinary session of the Council of Ministers of the Organization of African Unity (OAU) took place in Cairo, July 13–17, 1964. The Council examined 21 applications from "freedom fighter" organizations for representation in that body. The government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Leopoldville) was represented at the meeting of the Council of Ministers, but when it was announced that Moise Tshombe, the new Congolese Prime Minister, would attend the Assembly of Heads of State and Government, objections were raised by a number of Heads of State and Ministers. As a result Mr. Tshombe announced that the Congolese government would not take part in the Assembly.


ENDOTOXIN AND ENDOTOXINIC DISEASES Endotoxin is the main component ofthe outer membrane of cell wall ofgram—negative bacteria.Its chemical natureis lipopolysaccharides(LPS),an amphoteric(hydrophilic/hydrophobic)molecule car-rying both positive and negative charges.Itis composed of two kinds of components:lipid A and polysaccharide.The latter can


With the growing popularity of wireless technology in the healthcare area, there is a pressing need to have a proper system in place for patient identification. Errors in patient identification and hence improper administration of medication for example can lead to disastrous results. Also an efficient algorithm needs to be in place to allocate patients to nurses. This paper proposes a wireless medical system with the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology incorporated for correct patient identification. It also suggests a possible model for a resource allocation system, used to allocate patients to nurses.


A novel analysis method is proposed to evaluate the impact of specified components in a pipe network on the severity of transient events. A new structural scheme for the impedance matrix was developed to ensure the feasibility of compartmental unsteady analyses, which can be useful for complex pipe networks with different pipeline elements. The impact of a specific pipeline element or a designated section with multiple elements on the transient response can be obtained by delineating the subtracted frequency response between a specific hydraulic impedance of the complete network and that of the missing element. A hypothetical pipe network was introduced to validate the developed method. The impacts of pipeline elements on the total transient response were perfectly matched between the subtraction of time domain responses and direct computation using the identified frequency response function. The transient relaxing impact of additional pipeline elements can be considered for the design of pipe networks.


The Streganography method for digital images has to insert secret data into the image without image distortion. Side match method is that size of secret data is calculated by difference of embedded pixel value and mean value of side pixels. And the secret value is embedded into the embedded pixel. Therefore, the more secret data increases, the more image distortion increases, too. In this paper, we propose the enhanced method that calculates embedded pixel value by difference of secret value and mean value of side pixels. In proposed method, more secret data is embedded and image distortion has to decreases. ▸


The invention discloses a method integrating a radar detection function with a microwave communication function, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: measuring the speed of high-speed movement equipment by transmitting a measuring signal to obtain corresponding Doppler frequency shift; providing a frequency source by using a signal processing device, and selecting a waveform code corresponding to a frequency fdata; and transmitting carrier frequency signals with frequencies f0 to fd at a transmitting end during communication, wherein the frequency of a receiver is the same as that of the carrier frequency signals transmitted at the transmitting end, and a signal receiving device of the high-speed movement equipment and a signal receiving device of the common low-speed movement or static equipment have the same structure. The technology overcomes the defect that the signal receiving device in the high-speed movement equipment and the signal receiving device in the low-speed movement or static equipment have different structures because compensation is performed at a signal receiving end of the high-speed movement equipment in the conventional radio communication system.


【This study has been carried out to investigate the microstructure of austempered high carbon cast steel with the variation of silicon and heat treatment conditions. The results show that an lower ausferritic structure is formed at the low austemepring temperature ( $250{\sim}300^{\circ}C$ ) and an upper ausferritic structure is formed at the high austemepring temperature ( $350{\sim}400^{\circ}C$ ). As an austempering temperature increased, the retained austenite volume fraction increased, however hardness decreased. Also, as a silicon content increased, the precipitation of cementite was suppressed, therefore 2nd reaction of autempering transformation was delayed.】


Abstract This study examines the educational policy related to the inclusion of ethnic minority population in the contemporary China. It has undergone three stages of the educational policy transformation, including the beginning, development and perfection stages. It is characterized by the steadiness, caution, rapidity, quality improvement, standardization and quality. Through implementing the educational policy of the inclusion of ethnic minority population, it has made retrogress and achievements, which has played a positive role in national integration, maintaining national unity and regional stability, improving the academic level and cross-cultural ability of minority students, and sharing educational resources. However, in current China's education context, the implementation of education policy is faced with some prominent problems, such as the marginalized educational identity, non-communicative education, relative separation of systems and serious cultural barriers, relative emphasis on explicit education. Therefore, it suggested to construct a new integrative and open ethnic education system, strengthen the consciousness of the united integrated education, and enhancing the bi-directionality of ethnic integration.


The results of the special test reveal the occurrence of two kinds of transformations. The invariance of the Schrödinger equation is expressed with respect to these transformations. PACS number: 03.65.-w


We study methods to obtain bounds or approximations to u f(A)v where A is a symmetric, positive definite matrix and f is a smooth function. These methods are based on the use of quadrature rules and the Lanczos algorithm. We give some theoretical results on the behavior of these methods based on results for orthogonal polynomials as well as analytical bounds and numerical experiments on a set of matrices for several functions f . We discuss the effect of rounding error in the quadrature calculation.


Two field experiment was conducted at Rice research and training center (RRTC) – Sakha, kafr- El sheikh, governorate, Egypt in (2010) and (2011) seasons to study Evaluation of some rice varieties (Sakha 106, Sakha 105, GZ 7565, GZ 9075 and GZ 9362) under different nitrogen levels [Zero, 55, 111, 165 and 220 (Kg/ha]. Seedling age at transplanting was 26 days from sowing and by 20X20 cm planting spacing. All agricultural practices were applied as recommended for each cultivar. A split plot design with four replication was used. five Nitrogen levels allocated in the main plots. Five nitrogen levels were allocated in sub-plots. Main results induced that maximum tillering, panicle initiation, Roots length, heading dates, grains filling rates (G F R) at five stages, Leaf area index, chlorophyll content, number of tillers/M2 1000- grains weight, number of grains /panicle, panicle length (cm) and grain yield (Ton/ha) were the highest value at 220 (KgN/ha. Except Light penetration was lowest value with five rice varieties under study. So Sakha 106 gave the highest value to all studied characters. While zero nitrogen with GZ.9362 gave the lowest value with all traits under study. The Sakha 106 and 55kg.N/ha. gave the highest value Agronomic efficiency


ABSTRACT This article examines the magical tradition of British children's literature, arguing that it represents the continuation of an animistic spiritual tradition still firmly lodged in the British cultural unconscious. It contrasts the Jungian archetypal interpretation of myth with a viewpoint that locates myths in time and space and suggests the three types of magic found in these books hint at the suppression of old British pagan beliefs by Christianity. Finally, it asserts that the worldwide success of these stories rests on the fact that they awaken a long-colonized indigenous soul in the reader, wherever he or she is from.


The invention discloses a preparation method of peony essential oil containing body lotion, and relates to preparation of body lotion. The method comprises the steps that peony essential oil, geranium essential oil, sorbitan monooleate, camellia essential oil, a vitamin E, lavender essential oil, an antioxygen and olive essential oil are subjected to vaporific mixing by a mixing vessel, stand, and then are subjected to ultraviolet sterilization, packaging and warehousing, and then the peony essential oil containing body lotion is processed. A skin care function of the peony essential oil containing body lotion is improved through reasonable component allocation, and the stability of the body lotion is improved, particularly an effect of the peony essential oil is obvious.


XRD-Rietveld method has been adopted for quantitative analysis of phases in cement powder, phases in mixed samples of cement and pure calcium hydroxide, and sulfate attack products in cement pastes, based on the TOPAS software. The results show that, Rietveld analysis values show good agreement with the actual levels of mixed samples, and the accuracy degree of Rietveld method is at least as well as that of TG/DSC method which is commonly used in quantitative analysis of calcium hydroxide. By adding appropriate internal standard substance, XRD-Rietveld analysis method can be effectively used in quantitative analysis of sulfate attack products in cement-based materials. This work has practical significance on the study of sulfate attack of cement-based material.


In recent years, financial risks caused by external factors have taken place contuously, resulting in very serious perils. Many such financial risk cases domestic and abroad suggest that in order to cover and dissolve these risks attention must be paid to the following doings: security work in financial regulation deserves no neglect; words and remarks from authorities must be prudent; significant financial policies must be chosen to be promulgated in a reasonable time; Public opion guidance must be strengthened, and public confidence must be rnaitained; Dispute incidents involved by financial institutions have to be properly dealt with; Too drastic behavior is to be prevented from happening.


In this paper, support vector machine (SVM) technique is applied to predict the reliability of power distribution system. To determine the SVM models' optimal parameters for regression, particle swarm optimization algorithm is improved by combination with chaotic searching method (CPSO). The implementation approach of SVM for regression with CPSO (CPSO-SVR) is detailedly given. The CPSO-SVR models are first trained to learn the relationship between the influential factors of historical reliability and the corresponding reliability targets, and then future reliability can be predicted. In addition, a single but comprehensive index for distribution reliability is defined as IPSR. To examine the effectiveness of the proposed method, numerical experiments for the reliability forecasting of a city's power distribution system in Southern China are conducted. The results reveal that CPSO-SVR outperforms the existing with higher forecasting accuracy and more robust performance. Hence, the proposed CPSO-SVR method is a proper alternative for forecasting power distribution system reliability. Furthermore, sensitivity analyses of input influential factors are demonstrated.


To implement the rational design of aircraft landing program,digital simulation and high-precision computation are used to establish the precise numerical model for the landing of an aircraft.For the modeling,the actual flying is analyzed,and the influence on aerodynamic characteristics of the aircraft is studied considering the effect of landing gears,flaps and the ground effect.The model is discretized by difference method.The study is helpful to smart choice of the best aircraft landing procedures,flight safety,and the improvement of training quality and efficiency.


Entrepreneurship activity can be an effective solution to the ewnomic development of the plight of reservoir resettlers,the rapid transformation of economic status.Based on the survey conducted in Wenzhou,a livelihood capital evaluation index is set up,reservoir resettlers' livelihood capital is calculated and the impact of the livelihood capital on the reservoir resettlers' entrepreneurship is analyzed by logistic regression model.The people finds that the reservoir resettlers' livelihood capital have accumulated at some extent,the physical capital is of the maximum value,and the human capital is of relatively high value,followed by social capital,and financial capital and natural capital are of relatively low value.While the quanity and quality of reservoir resettlers' livelihiod capital are an important conditions for sustainable development,and have treat impact on acquisition of development opportunities,espepecially having treat strong influences on the reservoir resettlers' entrepreneurship.Livelihood capital,human capital,social capital,and financial capital have strong influences,but natural capital and material capital do not have significant influences the reservoir resettler' entrepreneurship.Besides,the longer the reservoir resettlers live in the resettlement area,more possibilities they will own to start entrepreneurship.Thus in future in implementing late-stage support policies,the government shall enhance the support from perspectives of finance and skills in favor of the reservoir resettlers' late-stage.


In this article an appraisal of the Greek regional incentive provisions enacted in the past is attempted. At a first stage, the exposition of some theoretical arguments, that should be followed in the planning of every regional incentive process, and which are very well founded, is given. These theoretical arguments are derived from a geometric and algebraic exposition of the regional problem. At a second stage, the Greek regional incentive structure is reviewed to see whether it was in accordance with the powerful theoretical arguments presented. It was shown that no proper consideration was given to the importance of labor subsidies as a means for the solution of the regional unemployment problem, while capital cost differentials existed to an extensive degree. A shift of investment then to developing areas was found, which could have contributed to the provision of regional investment subsidies. But it was indicated that capital intensive industries were those that had caused the shift and thus investment incentive provisions did not succeed in resolving the regional unemployment problem.


Polarization at 1404 MHz of the radio emission from PSR 0834 + 06 is studied in order to separate different orthogonal polarization modes. It is argued that the modes are highly linearly polarized and that the observed depolarization is due to superposition of the modes at any instant. It is shown that the modes are not equally distributed within the pulse profile. One mode dominates a saddle between the profile components while the other one dominates the profile wings. 5 references.


This work presents the theory of exciton coupling to photons and longitudinal optical (LO) phonons in quantum dots (QDs) and quantum-dot molecules (QDMs). Resonant-round trips of the exciton between the ground (bright) and excited (dark or bright) states, mediated by the LO phonon, alter the decay time and yield the Rabi oscillation. The initial distributions of the population in the ground and the excited states dominate the oscillating amplitude and frequency. This property provides a detectable signature to the information that is stored in a qubit that is made from QD or QDM, over a wide range of temperatures T. The results herein explain the anomaly of T-dependent decay in self-assembled InGaAs/GaAs QDMs, which has recently been experimentally identified.


By use of synergetic and systems approaches to the study of economic systems, concepts information and information field are defined. The process of economic systems interaction which includes three stages: information exchange, interaction and changing of economic systems is considered. The conception allows to illustrate transaction and transformational costs and to specify the origin and their correlation.


For the discrete linear optimal tracking problem with previewed desired trajectory and disturbance,a preview control method based on information fusion estimation is presented.The optimal estimation of the optimal preview control law and the optimal preview performance index are derived.An information fusion preview control system is built up,which contains a state feedback control term and feedforward compensation terms of the target and the disturbance.Furthermore,the problems of the asymptotic characteristic and the steadystate tracking error of the preview control system are investigated.Simulation results show that the control performance is enhanced extremely and tends to be stable.Moreover,the information fusion preview control is superior to the traditional preview control when comprehensively considering the tracking error and the energy consumption.


One of the first rigorous derivations of an approximate boundary condition was by Rytov (1940), who developed conditions through the second order applicable at the curved surface of a highly conducting body. The results are important in showing the effect of surface curvature and material variations, and we will now apply the same method to the formulation used by Leontovich (1948). The boundary conditions obtained (Senior, 1990) are more general than those given by either author, and reveal some errors in the expressions quoted by Leontovich.


A stranded wire helical spring is a cylindrical helical spring, which is usually composed of an optional core wire and several layers of twisted external wires. The mechanical behavior of the internal helically wound strand wire is critical to determining the spring performance. Based on the previous studies of the mechanical properties of wire rope, a mathematical model to calculate the curvature of the helically wound strand wires, twist, and contact force among the adjacent wires of strand wires spring is established when the spring is subjected to axial load. The proposed kinematics is based on the assumption that there is no friction among the adjacent wires. Furthermore, a parametric study of factors influencing the curvature, twist, and contact force, such as the helix angle of spring and strand and deformation types, is committed for understanding of the mechanical characteristics of the helically wound strand wires with different geometric parameters. It is found that the curvature and twist are strongly dependent upon the two angles. Moreover, this study can provide significant reference for the design and manufacturing of the spring to control the contact force among external wires.


An aromatic azo-polymer, poly(thiourea-azo-naphthyl), has been synthesized using 1-(5-thiocarbamoylaminonaphthyl)thiourea and diazonium salt solution of 2,6-diaminopyridine. Poly(thiourea-azo-naphthyl) was easily processable using polar solvents and had high molar mass, 57 × 103 g/mol. Electrically conducting and mechanically and thermally stable polymer/multi-walled carbon nanotube nanocomposites were obtained via melt processing technique. Fine distribution of multi-walled carbon nanotubes in a polymer matrix played an essential role in the preparation of polymer/multi-walled carbon nanotube nanocomposites based on interfacial interaction between multi-walled carbon nanotubes and polymer matrix. Field emission-scanning electron microscopy images revealed good dispersion of filler and adhesion of matrix on the surface of multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Accordingly, increasing the amount of multi-walled carbon nanotubes from 1 to 5 wt% increased the electrical conductivity from 2.42 to 4.11 S cm−1. Percolation behavior of the composite was also studied. Tensile modulus for 1 wt% nanocomposite was 4.2 GPa, which increased up to 6.8 GPa on 5 wt% filler addition. A relationship between nanotube loading and thermal stability of the materials was also observed. Ten percent gravimetric loss increased from 502℃ to 538℃ in the presence of 1 wt% multi-walled carbon nanotube. Similarly, glass transition increased from 227℃ to 245℃ in the presence of 5 wt% multi-walled carbon nanotube. Enhancement of the physical properties of multi-walled carbon nanotube-reinforced polymer nanocomposites was accredited to the non-covalent interactions (π–π interactions and secondary bond forces).


This design is an application of enterprise energy monitoring system which is based on IOT. In order to design a remote energy monitoring system based on B/S structure, this application has used many kinds of technologies, such as digital instrumentation, communications networks, software, databases and so on, setting centralized management, decentralized control and remote monitoring as the goals. This remote energy monitoring system which is based on IOT, can not only improve the level of enterprises' energy management, but also plays an important role in energy-saving and emission reduction as well as some other aspects. This energy monitoring system has already conducted a comprehensive test in China Automotive Technology and Research Center, and the results showed that it met the design requirements and achieved real-time monitoring of the devices.


A simple controlled synthesis method for supported hollow NiO crystals from an octahedral morphology to their different truncated shapes was successfully obtained by utilizing a facile wet-impregnation method through controlling the calcination temperature.


As a good mode of getting rid of poverty, poverty alleviation through tourism can transform the advantages of local resources into industrial advantages, mobilize the local economic vitality, and effectively improve the income of farmers. Through the investigation and study of rural poverty alleviation through tourism in Enshi Prefecture, Hubei Province, this paper analyzes the model of poverty alleviation through tourism formed in Enshi Prefecture, and puts forward the corresponding recommendations according to the problems encountered in the process of poverty alleviation through tourism.


The embodiment of the invention discloses an alarm clock control method and a terminal device, used for improving user experience. According to the embodiment, the alarm clock control method comprises the steps of monitoring physiological indexes of a user, obtaining corresponding data, and determining a sleep state of the user based on the corresponding data; and controlling the alarm of the alarm clock based on the sleep state. The embodiment of the invention also discloses a terminal device used for improving the user experience.


By choosing typical classroom experiment, teachers can proceed the investigative study teaching,lead the deepening and development of the student's thought, and educate the students ability of study and life-long study as well as the ability to investigate and innovate, which is just the main current of high school chemistry teaching.


In bicycle fitting, the literature has focus historically on the saddle height and knee flexion angle. There has been little focus in the literature on postural reach; this is the distance between the saddle and handlebars. Currently, this distance is determined by a specialist, a bicycle fitter, and is generally based on a trunk, shoulder, and elbow angle; however, it is primarily based on what "looks right" to the fitter and "feels right" to the client, rather than using anthropometric measurement. This study examined whether there was a relationship between anthropometric measures and postural reach, or if ideal fit should continue to be determined by a trial-and-error process, informed by expert opinion and client feedback. This study found that there was a moderate correlation r(9) = 0.663, p < .05 between the upper extremity measure and postural reach and a fair correlation r(9)= 0.296, p < .05 between the trunk measure and postural reach. A significant regression was found between the upper extremity length and the postural reach F(1, 9) = 7.06. The finding of this study does suggest that there is a relationship between the anthropometric measures and the postural reach. However, due to the low number of data points,the external validity may be somewhat limited, and it is suggested that the study be only used as a guide for future exploration.


Purpose: This research paper aims to find out the awareness level of credit-rating agencies among SMEs and to find out the factors which enhance the growth of credit rating products. Design/Methodology/Approach: Data was collected through self administered survey of around 150 SMEs in Baddi, Una and Panchkula region, and exploratory factor analysis was conducted to analyze the data with the help of SPSS 16.0. Findings: The findings reported that most of the SMEs lacked awareness about Credit rating products. The three factors which can enhance the effectiveness of credit rating companies are managerial effectiveness, credibility and creative marketing efforts. Originality/Value: This paper provides an empirical evidence of SMEs awareness about credit rating products. This paper also suggests why SMEs are lacking opportunities of getting benefits of Credit rating products.


Abstract Hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae Annand) is an invasive insect pest that is causing widespread mortality of eastern hemlock. However, some stands remain living more than a decade after infestation. To date, this has been attributed to site and climatic variables. This multi-tiered study examines the role foliar chemistry may play in A. tsugae success and subsequent hemlock decline. Comparisons of resistant and susceptible hemlock species indicate higher concentrations of P and lower concentrations of N in resistant species. On experimentally colonized hemlocks, the numbers of live sistens present after two A. tsugae generations was correlated with higher K and lower P concentrations. A regional T. canadensis monitoring effort showed that concentrations of Ca, K, N, and P were most strongly correlated with A. tsugae densities, which was the driving factor in hemlock decline. From the results of this study, we hypothesize that higher N and K concentrations may enhance hemlock palatability, thereby increasing A. tsugae population levels, whereas higher concentrations of Ca and P may deter more severe infestations. Foliar chemistry alone can explain over one-half of the variability in hemlock decline witnessed at 45 monitoring plots across the northeastern United States. Combining chemistry and traditional site factors, an 11-class decline rating could be predicted with 98% 1-class tolerance accuracy on an independent validation set. These results suggest that foliar chemistry may play a role in eastern hemlock susceptibility to A. tsugae infestation and should be included in risk assessment models.


This final chapter explores the politics of medical practice and the medical market from the perspective of Cuban physicians. It explores the radicalization of the Cuban medical class in the context of the political and economic crisis of the early 1930s. Rodríguez argues that a small group of physicians, in successfully pushing the broader medical class to broaden its sectoral demands to address wider problems in urban medical care, were able to take advantage of a revolutionary moment to benefit both doctors and patients.


The present investigation is on the evaluation of chemicals to see their effect on the fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lentis, causing wilt disease of lentil crop. Fungal pathogen was evaluated in the laboratory by employing the Poisson Food Technology along with seed treatment to the lentil seeds was given for evaluation of the chemicals against the pathogen under in vivo conditions. Percent inhibition in the radial growth of mycelia of pathogen in the petri dish was used for evaluating the potential of chemicals in laboratory to manage pathogen growth and reduction in the disease incidence was recorded to see the effect of chemicals under field conditions. The eight chemicals namely Azoxystrobin, Propiconazole, Provax, Captaf, Carbendazim, Thiram, Raxil and Vitavax Power, were used against the pathogen. Among all the chemicals evaluated, Raxil was found most effective giving 100 percent mycelium inhibition in laboratory at 500ppm followed by 88.75 percent, Captaf (75%), Vitavax power (71%), Azoxystrobin (69.5%), Carbendazim (56.66%), Thiram (53.75%), Provax (37.5%) and control where no inhibiton of mycelium was observed. The seed treatment with the chemicals showed minimum disease incidence in case of Raxil treatment i.e.0.97 percent in the year 2016 and 0.87 percent in the year 2017, and the maximum disease incidence was recorded in case of seed control (9.23%). The present study concluded that there are several new chemicals those have the potential to manage the disease even in a lower concentrations.


OBJECTIVE: To compare the rate of disease progression and disability in ALS patients who differ in their initial forced vital capacity (FVC) and maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) at times of diagnosis. BACKGROUND: The AAN parameters uses FVC DESIGN/METHODS: A database review of patients with definite or probable ALS from 2010-12. Variables studied include age, gender, FVC, MIP, DeltaFS, preslope, ALSFRS, AALS at times of diagnosis and duration of disease. ANOVA was used for comparison of the three groups based upon FVC and MIP at time of diagnosis. Group 1, FVC > 50%, MIP 50% and MIP>60cm, Group 3, FVC RESULTS: 98 patients were studied [61.8 ± 10.9 years; 49% F; 36% bulbar; disease duration 17.9 ± 12.2 months]. FVC and MIP at diagnosis were 79.6 ±23.7 % and -55.2 ± 21.5 cm, respectively. Group 1 were 65 % female and 36% bulbar. Group 2 (n=37) were 32.4% female and 27% bulbar. Group 3 (n=9) were 33.3% female and 66.6% bulbar. For group 4 (n=2) the small number limited analysis. There was no difference between groups for rate of progression at time of diagnosis. There was a statistically significant difference between groups for initial AALS score (p=0.001) and preslope (P=0.045) with Group 2 having slowest rate of progression, lower disability score and Group 3 with the fastest progression, higher disability score. CONCLUSIONS: The study confirms FVC and MIP are associated with rate of progression and initial level of disability. The study also shows a significant number of patients with FV >50% have MIP9s Disclosure: Dr. Ilieva has nothing to disclose. Dr. Vora has nothing to disclose. Dr. Simpson has received personal compensation for activities with Grofels for speaking. Dr. Simpson has received research support from International Foundation


Postmodern literary texts have been exploring characters that are whimsically strange. The tacit plots in the postmodern textual space enable the writers to construct and manifest the mental space of the characters in the textual world. The Rise of Life on Earth written by Joyce Carol Oates concocts the emotional estrangement of the protagonist, Kathleen Hennessy. Decrypting the text amplifies the unabating efforts of Kathleen to survive in a world that has been portrayed as a larger, repressive and pernicious family. Her masquerade to be a shy, passive and well-behaved girl hides the menacing vengeance that has culminated as a result of abuses and afflictions. Her mental spaces are constructed during the course of narration. This paper purports to scrutinize the fragmented psyche of Kathleen and the conceptual integration of mental space and textual space that replicates both social and individualistic reality and expands the understanding of Oates' text.


The aromaticity of porphyrazine (PA) and its three triazoleporphyrazine (TAP) tautomers as well as their metal complex compounds was examined using the TRE (topological resonance energy) and the MRE (magnetic resonance energy) methods. Their local aromaticity was studied using the BRE (bond resonance energy) and the CRE (circuit resonance energy) methods. The relationship between the global and local aromaticity of TAPs and the position of the substituted nitrogen atom is discussed. The results of these calculations are compared with those provided by other aromaticity indices. Our TRE and MRE results indicate that PA and TAPs possess lower global aromaticity than porphyrin. Our BRE and CRE results show that global aromaticity is closely associated primarily with the five-membered rings which contain the –NH– pyrrolic rings, and the [18]-annulene-like conjugation pathway is not crucial for determining the aromaticity of the entire π-system. Moreover, the circuit-current susceptibility (χi) and ring current (RC) were obtained using the graph-theoretical method. The χi and RC results show that all the compounds sustain a diatropic current along the macrocycle and this current is bifurcated when it passes through every five-membered ring. Ring current maps reveal that in the five-membered rings, the ring current prefers to pass through the C–C bond when the ring contains an –NH– group, and through the C–N bond when the ring does not contain an –NH– group.


In the companion paper, based on the theories of partial interaction and shear friction, a mechanics-based segmental approach, which can cope with any cross section and material property, was developed to simulate the shear behavior and failure of prestressed concrete beams with and without stirrups. The included equations and mechanisms are purely mechanics-based and independent of empirical material properties. In this paper, this numerical approach has been applied to describe the shear behavior of prestressed RC members. The effect of prestress on the shear behavior is explained, and the results of parametric studies on stirrup effectiveness are also shown. Published test beams with and without stirrups, 102 of them, have been analyzed by the proposed model and analytical results show good agreement with the experimental data. The average predicted results for the beams without stirrups being 96% of the test results and that for the beams with stirrups being 91% with coefficients of variation of 0.10 and 0.08, respectively. The equations provided by the ACI standard have been used to calculate the shear strength of the same test specimens, and the ACI shear provisions are shown to be quite conservative with an average of 67 and 74% and coefficients of variation of 0.29 and 0.18 for beams with and without stirrups. The influence of the random nature of cracks on the shear strength is also investigated.


An efficient and green bioprocess to obtain 2,6‐diaminopurine nucleosides using thermophilic bacteria is herein reported. Geobacillus stearothermophilus CECT 43 showed a conversion rate of 90 and 83% at 2 h to obtain 2,6‐diaminopurine‐2′‐deoxyriboside and 2,6‐diaminopurine riboside, respectively. The selected biocatalyst was successfully stabilized in an agarose matrix and used to produce up to 23.4 g of 2,6‐diaminopurine‐2′‐deoxyriboside in 240 h of process. These nucleoside analogues can be used as prodrug precursors or in antisense oligonucleotide synthesis. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2012


In the territory of Bulgaria are found 97 species of mammals, belonging to 8 orders. 37 of them are protected. 19 mammalian species are included in the Bulgarian Red Data Book. Two of them are extinct, 8 are endangered and 9 are rare. In Bulgaria there are no endemic mammals. Three species are extinct: Elioinys quercinus, Mustela lutreola and Lynx lynx. 5 species are introduced: Ondatra zibethicn, Oryctolagus cuniculus, Cervus nippon, Cervus dumu and Ovis ummon. The raccon dog (Nyctereustes procyonoides) appeared by natural colonisation.


The aim of the present study was to isolate phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and to assess their potential tolerance to fungicides. Out of thirty PSB, two strains Klebsiella oxytoca and Enterobacter ludwigii were selected on the basis of their tolerance to fungicides. Both strains were assessed for their phosphate solubilizing ability using three different fungicides (difenoconazole, fluazinam and streptomycin) each with the concentrations of 0, 1, 2 or 3 times of the recommended rate. Both strains showed increased phosphate solubilization with difenoconazole at 1, 2 and 3 times of the recommended rate as compared to the phosphate solubilization of the control. The phosphate solubilization in Klebsiella oxytoca was recorded as 326, 538, 518 and 481 μg mL -1 at 0, 1, 2 and 3 times of the recommended rate respectively, whereas in Enterobacter ludwigii it was recorded as 395, 499, 529 and 533 μg mL -1 respectively at various doses. Based on the present findings, it may be concluded that both strains have the potential to be used as bio-inoculants which can solubilize phosphate even at the higher doses as compared to the recommended rate of fungicides.


The article shows how unemployed working-class women in South Africa, through collective aesthetic experiences, achieved a sense of catharsis that strengthened the resolve to work towards creating alternatives. The text is based on a series of popular education workshops that were recorded in sound and images, and interviews with individual emerging artists. It draws on theory developed in practice by workers in the nineteen-eighties when they asserted their dignity and humanity as creative subjects and demonstrates how the women, some twenty-five years later, articulate a similar defiance. The article suggests that certain preconditions must be met before the process of conscientisation through creative work can achieve its objective of preparing participants for action: repoliticise art and education by building radically horizontal relationships; create a playful third space for experimentation and generating knowledge, and encourage improvisations that allow contradictions to emerge and be examined critically.


Abstract : This report examines the nonlinear interaction (in air) of two noncollinear sound waves in a rectangular waveguide. One of the waves is a low frequency, finite-amplitude wave (pump) which travels in the (0,0) mode. The other is a high frequency, small-signal wave which travels in the (1,0) mode. A formula for the modulation, and accompanying suppression, of the small-signal wave by the pump is derived. The modulation depends on the angle of intersection, theta, of the two waves because (1) only the velocity component u cos theta, of the pump convects the small-signal wave; and (2) the two waves have different group velocities (geometric dispersion). Experiments to examine both collinear and noncollinear interaction were performed in a 6.4 m long rectangular waveguide of inside cross-section 70 mm x 38 mm. Waveforms of the frequency modulated small-signal wave were recorded, the suppression of the small-signal primary was measured, and the cyclical variation (in space) of the sum and difference frequency wave amplitudes was examined. Theoretical predictions were generally confirmed.


The performance of a plasma-catalyst hybrid reactor for VOCs removal was studied in this paper. xylene and MnOx were acted as the pollutant and catalyst, respectively. The combinations between reactor and catalyst were conducted in active discharging and post discharging zone, respectively. The parameters investigated included discharge power, discharge gap width, inlet xylene concentration and moisture content in the gas stream. The CO2 selectivity was determined synchronously. Experimental results indicated that, no matter where the catalyst was located, the plasma-catalyst hybrid technology can effectively destroy xylene molecules. For dry gas stream, high removal efficiency of xylene would accompany with the high power and low inlet concentration, and achieved the best at different discharge gap width in different combining zone. Too much or too little water vapor did not favor xylene destruction. An optimal xylene removal was reached at around 1.6% by volume of humidity content. In addition, the more important result obtained from this work was that, despite the changes of experimental conditions, the higher synergetic effect was always occurred when the catalyst was placed in the post discharging zone. The same conclusion was educed on CO2 selectivity, and then, benefit the environment.


economic protection and therefore, FDA would consider eliminating a food standard if it is inconsistent with any of these four principles. i. Please explain whether you agree with this framework. ii. If you do not agree, what principles should FDA consider when deciding whether to eliminate a food standard? b. The proposed rule explained that FDA would consider revising or establishing a new food standard only if it was consistent with all 13 principles. i. Please explain whether you agree with this framework. ii. If you do not agree, what principles should FDA consider when deciding whether to revise or establish a new food standard? 5. What explanation is needed to provide more clarity, certainty, or context regarding: a. The rationale for the principles? b. How FDA will consider the principles when evaluating whether to eliminate, revise, or establish a new food standard? c. How stakeholders should use the principles to inform the preparation of petitions requesting that FDA eliminate, revise, or establish a new food standard? 6. What additional information should FDA consider when evaluating the costs, benefits, and estimates of the annual reporting burden of the proposed rule?


This volume addresses issues relating to different types of 'moving beyond' – beyond viewing academic developers as 'mere' service providers; beyond 'surface' approaches to evaluation; beyond forma...


This notice deals with the stress in nouns and adjectives formed with the prefixes въз-, извън-, не-, пра-, пре- and its representation in the Academic Grammar and the Official Spelling Dictionary from 2012. After laying out the principles used to define whether a word bears one or two stresses, the author points out the issues in representing the stress of the studied words.


The trans-2-phenylvinylboronic acid homocoupling reaction catalyzed by palladium nanocubes (Pd-NCs) was investigated by kinetics, spectroscopy, and poisoning experiments. The reaction was evidenced to be sensitive to the presence of the base, which acts synergistically with the substrate molecules and assists the leaching of Pd oxide (PdOx) species to the reaction medium. This species catalyzes the homocoupling reaction through the formation of Pd–Ox–B(OH)2R pretransmetalation intermediates, via coordination with the vinylboronic acid molecules, involving an oxo-palladium-type interaction. The reaction rate was not enhanced by the saturation of the reaction medium with O2, which is due to the oxidized nature of the Pd-NC surface.


Part I. Vietnam and Environmental Change 1. Environment, Society and Precipitous Change W. Neil Adger, P. Mick Kelly and Nguyen Huu Ninh 2. Social Vulnerability and Resilience W. Neil Adger and P. Mick Kelly 3. Managing Environmental Change in Vietnam P. Mick Kelly, Tran Viet Lien, Hoang Minh Hien, Nguyen Huu Ninh and W. Neil Adger 4. Historical Perspectives on Environment and Development Cecilia Luttrell Part II. The Natural Resource Base 5. Property Rights, Institutions and Resource Management - Coastal Resources Under doi moi W. Neil Adger, P. Mick Kelly, Nguyen Huu Ninh and Ngo Cam Thanh 6. Forest Land Allocation and Deforestation Processes in the Uplands Davide Pettenella 7. Sustainable Agriculture in the Uplands of Northern Vietnam - Attitudes, Constraints and Priorities of Ethnic Minorities Andreas Neef 8. Environmental Change, Ecosystem Degradation and the Value of Wetland Rehabilitation in the Mekong Delta Duong Van Ni, Roger Safford and Edward Maltby 9. Mangrove Conservation and Restoration for Enhanced Resilience Nguyen Hoang Tri, Phan Nguyen Hong, W. Neil Adger and P. Mick Kelly 10. Responding to El Nino and La Nina - Averting Tropical Cyclone Impacts P. Mick Kelly, Hoang Minh Hien and Tran Viet Lien Part III. Development Pathways 11. Trade, Investment and Industrial Pollution - Lessons from Southeast Asia Rhys Jenkins 12. Sustainable Urbanisation and Environmental Issues in Vietnam David Drakakis-Smith and Andrea Kilgour 13. Politics, Ecology and Water - the Mekong Delta and Development of the Lower Mekong Basin Chris Sneddon and Nguyen Thanh Binh 14. Prospects for Sustainable Development W, Neil Adger, P. Mick Kelly and Nguyen Huu Ninh


The economic evaluation and investment decisions of a WWTP BOT project are much more difficult to be made by the conventional evaluation methods because of its longer investment cycle and various risk factors. Based on this,Monte Carlo simulation technique was applied to the economic evaluation of WWTP with the advantages of its low cost,little risk,few requirements for environmental conditions and high credibility. The project investment risks were analyzed,and the distribution of the investment risk probability of a planned wastewater treatment plant with capacity of 3 × 104m3/d and oxidation ditch process was determined by net present value evaluation. The mathematical model of net present value for the investment of the WWTP BOT project was established,and 10 000 times simulations were performed. The results showed that this project was much more suitable for investment with higher profitability and lower risk.


We design a class of Fair Airport algorithms that combines Start-time Fair Queuing with a non-work conserving algorithm in Rate Controlled Service Discipline (RCSD) class. We derive fairness and deadline guarantees for FA servers and demonstrate that by appropriately choosing an algorithm from RCSD class, algorithms that either allocate only rate or achieve separation of rate and delay allocation and are fair over Fluctuation Constrained variable rate servers can be designed. This method leads to the design of the first fair algorithm that achieves separation of rate and delay allocation. We also show that the FA class contains algorithms with different implementation complexity and performance guarantees and thus enables tradeoffs between the two. Furthermore, since FA contains algorithms that are fair over variable rate servers, they can be employed for achieving hierarchical link sharing. Finally, we demonstrate that the FA algorithms can be generalized to achieve other objectives such as prioritized fair allocation of residual bandwidth.


There are now a number of microcomputer packages intended for almost every library routine and application, although in some cases the choice is limited. The principal features of many of these packages are discussed and related to the requirements of the routines for which they are intended. These include information retrieval, online searching, catalogues, acquisitions, serials control and circulation control.


The Meadow/Marsh/pond is one of two natural sewage-treatment systems constructed at Brookhaven National Laboratory. This and a Marsh/Pond system have been in various modes of continuous operation since 1973 and will continue in the future. Both systems are unique in removing nutrients and contaminants from sewage without the use of conventional hardware or the generation of sludge for separate disposal. They are economical to build and operate. They are attractive systems, free of disease vectors, aerosols and objectional odors. When sufficient land is available, the Meadow/Marsh/Pond appears superior for renovating blends of septage and weak sewage to groundwater recharge quality.


The 3-part appearance of many coronal mass ejections (CMEs) arising from erupting filaments emerges from a large magnetic flux tube structure, consistent with the form of the erupting filament system. Other CMEs arising from erupting filaments lack a clear 3-part structure and reasons for this have not been researched in detail. This paper aims to further establish the link between CME structure and the structure of the erupting filament system and to investigate whether CMEs which lack a 3-part structure have different eruption characteristics. A survey is made of 221 near-limb filament eruptions observed from 2013 May 03 to 2014 June 30 by Extreme UltraViolet (EUV) imagers and coronagraphs. Ninety-two filament eruptions are associated with 3-part structured CMEs, 41 eruptions are associated with unstructured CMEs. The remaining 88 are categorized as failed eruptions. For 34% of the 3-part CMEs, processing applied to EUV images reveals the erupting front edge is a pre-existing loop structure surrounding the filament, which subsequently erupts with the filament to form the leading bright front edge of the CME. This connection is confirmed by a flux-rope density model. Furthermore, the unstructured CMEs have a narrower distribution of mass compared to structured CMEs, with total mass comparable to the mass of 3-part CME cores. This study supports the interpretation of 3-part CME leading fronts as the outer boundaries of a large pre-existing flux tube. Unstructured (non 3-part) CMEs are a different family to structured CMEs, arising from the eruption of filaments which are compact flux tubes in the absence of a large system of enclosing closed field.


THE INVENTION CONCERNS A DEVICE RECORDING ETOU REPRODUCTION A TAPE, OR TAPE IS 14 EXTRAITE CARTRIDGE 10 BY A MECHANISM FOR LOADING BAND MOVING BETWEEN A POSITION OF NON-OPERATING AND POSITION OPERATING THANKS TO THE POWER ROTATION ENGINE THAT ALSO INVOLVES A MECHANISM FOR CHANGE OF OPERATING MODE THAT ALLOWS THE CHANGE HOW THE DEVICE.


The paper analyzes the present conditions of college gym teaching using literature data method,the expert's visits method and logic analysis method and provides the theory gist for college gym teaching reform.


In Brazil there are several strumming instruments that are called viola, often referring to the same instrument, but with different names, for example: country guitar, country guitar, cabocla guitar, northeastern guitar, party guitar, fair guitar, Fandango Viola, Folio Viola, Ten String Viola, Brazilian Viola. For a possible hierarchical classification of terms and instruments, we seek the contribution of the field of information science, especially the terminology. The study of information science has revealed to us several possibilities of representation and organization for a given domain. In this case we chose to classify the Brazilian viola (generic term TG) and its (TE specific terms) trough viola, northeastern viola, wire viola, buriti viola, caicara viola using the concept of terminology and documentation analyzed by Maria Teresa Cabre and Lidia Almeida Barros.


In this paper we describe the design of a new bio-inspired amphibian robot with high environmental adaptability. The robot, called MiniTurtle-I, can transform terrestrial and aquatic locomotion configurations through a new variable topology mechanism (Leg-Flipper). Based on the modular design philosophy, four rotatory joint modules (Joints I–IV) constitute a Leg-Flipper module. Variable topology structure transformation of Leg-Flipper by actuation redundancy enables the robot to achieve a variety of locomotion. Our motivation is to provide another solution to achieve amphibious movement both easily and efficiently. A prototype of MiniTurtle-I is built to exam the configuration transformations. Terrestrial, aquatic and semiaquatic gait experiments are performed to verify the locomotion functions of the MiniTurtle-I.


A novel rapid and accurate 3D modeling method to draw the involute gear by means of combining CAD software of SOLIDWORKS which has strong 3D modeling functions with CAXA which has parametric 2D-gear-modeling functions is presented in this paper.This method mainly uses CAXA to draw 2D sketch of gear,and then put it into SOLIDWORKS to accomplish 3D model of the gear.The efficiency and precision of 3D-gear-modeling are also improved in this way.


A control device in a motor vehicle having a clutch and a transmission for controlling operation of the clutch and the transmission, includes a control lever angularly movable in first and second directions perpendicular to each other, a first connector mechanism interconnecting the control lever and the transmission for enabling the transmission to shift gears therein in response to angular movement of the control lever in the first direction, a follower having a portion extending in the first direction, the follower being angularly movable in the second direction, the portion being normally held in contact with the control lever when the control lever is angularly moved in the first and second directions, a second connector mechanism interconnecting the follower and the clutch for enabling the clutch to be engaged and disengaged in response to angular movement of the follower in the second direction, and a member for allowing the control lever to be angularly moved in the first direction only when the control lever is angularly moved to cause the second connector mechanism to disengage the clutch.


While Magnetrons, TWT's or low current BWO's can be simulated quite easily with a PIC code, it becomes more tricky for Klystrons or high current density BWO's. In contrast to Magnetrons the particles move axially and interact also with the fields along this direction. In addition, these devices exhibit either a long interaction region or high current. In such cases, the numerical dispersion inherent in every PIC or FDTD code can adversely affect the simulation. The mitigation of that effect within CST STUDIO SUITE® will be shown.


This work presents our progress in designing the rear emitter of a-Si:H / c-Si (n) heterojuncti ons solar cells (Si-HJ). We study the emitter saturation curr ent density (J 0e ) of p-type a-Si:H layers and show that it greatly depends on the layer thickness and conductivity. Di fferent p-type a-Si:H emitters are tested experimen tally on Rear Emitter (RE) as well as Interdigitated Back Contact (I BC) Si-HJ devices. A low conductivity (1.4x10 -6 S.cm -1 ) layer allows the better V oc values about 650 mV but causes resistive losses on both types of solar cells. For the IBC devices, a low emitter contact fraction induces not only fill factor (FF) losses but also a decrease o f the short circuit current (J sc ) value. By optimizing the rear side geometry an eff iciency of 12.7% is achieved for the Si-HJ IBC structure on 25 cm 2 n-type substrate.


A novel design and manufacturing of light-weight high-strength composite impellers with integrated motor and bearing is introduced. It is based on winding or weaving endless fiber material on a commercially available winder. This concept may be applied for compressors, pumps, turbines, propellers, or jet propulsion devices (Fig. 1). By interweaving electrical motor components, constructions without a shaft, or shaft sealing are possible. Also, the active motor elements can be positioned outside of the fluid stream. Besides the low cost of construction, one of the main advantages to this design is the integration of electrical motors in the turbo-wheels. This allows for the easy implementation of multiple counter-rotating turbomachinery stages in not only axial configurations, but also mixed flow configurations as well. The integrated motors are typically variable speed motors.Copyright © 2007 by ASME


Multilayer blood plasma separator card, it is included:(a)First layer(2), including sample reception part(8), the sample reception part(8)Comprising(i)For applying or receiving the top flat surface of blood sample, the sample reception part(8)Allow the blood sample and separating member(3)Contact;With(ii)Contact the separating member(3)Bottom flat surface,(b)The second layer(14), including separating member(3), each separating member(3)Blood plasma is allowed to pass through to absorbent member(16), and comprising(i)For receiving the top flat surface of the blood sample;With(ii)Contact the absorbent member(16)Bottom flat surface, and(c)Third layer(12), including for absorb come from each corresponding separating member(3)Bottom flat surface blood plasma absorbent member(16)With to support the absorbent member(16)The backing member arranged of mode(5), each absorbent member(16)Comprising with being adapted to contact separation component(3)The bottom flat surface top flat surface removable absorbent element(4), the absorption component(4)It is detachably fixed to third layer(12)On.


In recent years, software has grown in size and software safety incidents have also increased. Guidelines and Methods for Conducting the Safety Assessment Process on Civil Airborne Systems and Equipment (ARP4761) is an aerospace recommended practice from SAE International, it provides a safety assessment process of the system to solve the safety problem of the system. In ARP4761, the process FHA and FTA determine the software development level based on the software development standard (such as DO-178C) and safety reviewer thought that the software is safe as long as it's development processes are guided by software development standards. However, increasing airborne software scale is causing more and more software safety problems and the development standard of software can't guarantee that there is no safety problem in software. It is especially important to analyze the safety of the software. This paper presents the application method of FMEA in software safety analysis based on ARP4761 and improves the software safety evaluation of ARP4761.


Nowadays it is discussed the necessity of preservation of the hydro resources available for consumption. Once the human beings have the consumption of water as something essencial for the life, since early they valued water near their houses. This preocupation continue, although during the last decade, the progressive destructions of nature water reservoirs are observated. Among the depredating actions are: polution, contaminated rivers and deforestation of ciliary woods near the rivers that become easy and fast the erosive processes. The state of Maranhao, besides is in Northeast, has different physical characteristics from the rest of the region. The drainage basins that are distributed through the Maranhao are composed of principal perennial rivers and tributaries that are sometimes perennial and temporary. In the Munin river basin, the growing urbane evolution results in serious environmental consequences in its way. The stretch studied, in Chapadinha-Maranhao, has suffered quick erosive process and consequently the silting on the riverbanks. So in this work we intend to identify the principal agents and processes that spoil the fluvial environment provoking the erosion on the banks and the silting of the watercourse.


fisheries; and progress towards the commercialization of fisheries through investment. These points are well made but there is limited use of primary sources. Chapter 8, "The Coastal Geography of Sea Fishing 1750-1880," presents an account of fisheries and fishing communities in late eighteenthand nineteenth-century Ireland. Adopting a regional framework, the author's method in this chapter is to present a series of detailed individual accounts of fisheries, based largely on contemporary government reports and independent statistical surveys. These reveal the complexity and at times vitality and potential of sea fisheries in this period. The author skilfully presents a panorama, from the commercialized herring fisheries of the northwest exporting to Britain and the West Indies, to impoverished islanders collecting shellfish along the western coastal fringes. The fascinating and informative wealth of detail, however, does not lead to an effective overview or a sustained analysis. Chapters 9 and 10, "Developmental Issues in Irish Sea Fishing" and "Rural Fundamentalism and the Marginalisation oflreland's Sea Fisheries," address the question ofthe underdevelopment oflreland's sea fisheries from the nineteenth century to the midtwentieth century. Was the underdevelopment ofIreland's sea fisheries in the nineteenth century related to Ireland's quasi-colonial relationship with Great Britain? Were Ireland's sea fisheries sacrificed to benefit English and Scottish fisheries? Mac Laughlin shows that this was a widely held view at the time but does not clearly address this issue himself. He identifies lack of infrastructure, lack of investment and weak market development as causes but does not analyse why these conditions prevailed. For the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries he focuses on the obsession with land and the family farm and the bourgeois nationalist view that coastal fishing communities were backward, pre-modern, uncontrolled and uncivilized as the key factors leading to neglect of the great potential of Ireland's sea fisheries. Socio-economic and infrastructural questions are not explored in any depth. This is a very valuable book. Every page is full of detail regarding the history ofIrish fisheries and ofIrish fishing communities. A clearer chronological framework, a more systematic collation ofdata from primary sources and a more comprehensive setting in the context ofboth Irish and international literature on the history offishing would have made it a better book. Having said that, this book should be required reading for anyone interested in the history ofIrish fisheries both for its factual detail and for the author's stimulating arguments.


Bima Regency, located on Sumbawa Island, is an earthquake-prone region. The condition is the impact of its position on Sumbawa Island, which is flanked by two earthquake fault lines. Urban resilience is related to the region's ability to maintain its form, function, and system in the event of a natural disaster. This paper discusses how local seismic culture in Bima can create urban resilience, so it becomes a sustainable disaster-responsive district. This study aims to identify the existence of local seismic culture to increase regional resilience in the context of disaster mitigation. A case study was done by collecting data through field observations and secondary data from the Statistics of Bima Regency. Local seismic culture already exists and is practiced by the local people of Bima to build their dwellings to be adaptive and responsive when an earthquake strikes. It becomes an internal strength in developing the region's resilience. The local seismic culture can be a model for disaster mitigation preceding other regions in Indonesia prone to earthquakes.


Appeal system of college students is a juristic non-litigant right redress system.We can make it run more smoothly to follow the internal logic and law of development of college education.so as to better to defend rights for college students and reinforce the human-based law view on college government by trying to analyzing the system through the existing problems and making suggestions.


Energy serves as the prime mover for every country's growth. It is the fundamental requirement of each country in the present era. As the population increases day by day the electricity demand is also increasing rapidly. Pakistan has been facing the worst energy crises in this decade since its creation. The leading cause of this deprive is the mismanagement of government and poor policies. Pakistan is a country with massive potential of clean and green renewable sources of energy, wind energy holds a significant position in it, 50 GW of wind energy farms have been installed throughout the world. In Pakistan around 1237 MW wind power farms are installed out of which a major share contained by the Sindh province with the installed capacity of about 935 MW. This paper analyses the positive steps taken in the wind power sector of our country and Sindh province. Moreover, some recommendations are also presented regarding wind power potential which will be beneficial for insertion of the huge amount of cheap po...


The advancement of information technology has changed the education landscape. The process of teaching is no longer the same. Information technology has made e-learning possible and available on a large scale. The main component of an e-learning is a learning management system LMS. LMS has been widely used and are accessible through the Internet. By connected and accessed to the Internet, LMS are exposed to various threats. Proper understanding of these threats combined with strategy and best practices countermeasures will ensure a safe learning environment. Therefore this study will look into the information security aspect of LMS. There are two main purpose of this study. First, this study provides a review of information security in e-learning environments and explains the important of information security. Confidentiality, integrity and availability are considered to be the primary pillars of information security. In addition to these pillars, the International Information Systems Security Certification Consortium introduced a common body of knowledge CBK comprised of ten domains relating to specific information security topics. These domains are the foundation of security practices for those involved in information security. In this article, each of these is explained within an e-learning context. It is recommended that institutions employing e-learning adhere to these domains. By applying the principles and practices associated with each domain, e-learning institutions should be able to provide an e-learning system with high confidentiality, integrity and availability. The second purpose of this study is to understand student perception of an information security perspective of an e-learning management system. To achieve this purpose, a survey was conducted targeted at undergraduate students in a distance learning program. 497 students responded to a survey questionnaires. Apart from demographics information, the survey asked the respondent to rate six statements related to how they perceived security of the learning management system which they are currently using. All six statements are rated using a five point Likert scale anchored at 1 Not at all to 5 Very much. Frequencies analysis was conducted to show the profile of the respondent. Overall, respondent has strong positive perceptions towards security of their LMS. This study provides an overall picture of information security elements of a learning management system. It can serve as an introduction which help LMS administrator to understand the issues and possibilities related to the safety of LMS.


This chapter aims to describe and reflect on the experience developed in a metropolitan territory that ambitiously wanted to articulate entrepreneurship, creativity and urban governance. In spaces marked by economic and social crisis the requirement to mobilize synergies between local actors is even more pressing. From the municipality's leadership, Almada Idea Laboratory Project sought to involve university professors and students to generate creative ideas as well as business hosting centre for the installation of projects with greater viability and the community in general that had the opportunity to assess and discuss the product of this effort. The council offered its urban space as a living laboratory. Ideas, business opportunities and, above all, the possibility of creating and strengthening links between actors, often distant, proved a very successful experience both in objective results as in the formation of useful social capital to develop new projects.


The subject innovation is the right bucket essence when right cowl outer wall of the guide, depending on the roller Wu bucket concrete, concrete and guide of the pile and the pier foundation the right bucket having a structure capable of safe construction friction is substantially not right without trauma to the bucket outer wall surface of the roller-type to, the subject innovation, the right cowl is in the guide peg, which is installed if the binary number on the bottom surface water, many dogs install the guide stake is to achieve a three one set in place to be the right bucket installed on the guide peg fitting structure that is the other hand, the guide peg has a plurality of the reinforcing beam to the respective guide peg is welded to three to achieve a one set is produced in a triangle shape, each of the guide peg has a roller bearing bracket is welded to the two-phase side 3 gaejung , the bearing hole that includes a threaded bolt is inserted into the forward central portion of the roller bearing bracket is formed, the rollers of the bare The bearing hole of the bracket is coupled with the lock nut is through the screw bolt of the guide roll where the steel body rotary On the other hand, the guide roller is a special rubber layer is laminated on the outer side of the steel body made of steel the center in the the steel body with the bearing shaft is formed, if the a screw bolt to pass through the inner surface has a bearing axis which is right bucket this number to its bottom surface in water, a special rubber layer of the well passes through the guide rollers being in close contact, the bearing of the guide roller axis passes through the screw bolt is provided a roller-shaped guide peg fitting structure of the roller in a fixed state to the lock nut in the bearing hole of the bearing bracket, characterized in that the structure of the steel body rotary pier foundation in the right bucket.


To provide a sustainable fiber-to-the-home (FTTH), several multiplexing techniques have been developed for this purpose. The correlation features are the main obstacle behind the network performance limitation, which imposes to a high level of multiple access interference. However, the development of multiplexing techniques helps to overcome these limitations, such as optical-code division multiple access (Optical-CDMA). Optical-CDMA is considered as one of the most powerful solutions for FTTH. This paper aims to enhance FTTH network performance by applying Zero cross-correlation code (ZCC) with Optical-CDMA with maximum link single-mode fiber. In the simulation, the system performance is demonstrated in terms of bit error rate, Q-Factor and eye diagram measurements.


Pyrolysis characteristics of three foam patterns (EPS, StMMA, EPMMA) in the lost foam casting of magnesium alloy by Gas Chromatography (GC) was analyzed, and the foam decomposition products in the lost foam casting of magnesium alloy during pouring melt magnesium was sampled and test actually. The kinds and distribution of the different foam decomposition products for magnesium EPC was obtained. The results showed that the quality and pyrolysis characteristics of StMMA demonstrates that StMMA was compatible with Mg alloy EPC process and in favor of shaping for high performance and complex thin-walled Mg alloy EPC castings.


It was with great interest that we read the article "Cyber Security Risk Analysis for Process Control Systems Using Rings of Protection Analysis (ROPA)" in the December 2004 issue of Process Safety Progress (pp. 284–291). Quantitative risk assessment techniques have been successfully used for many years in the chemical industry. Applying this approach to a security related analysis seemed, on the surface, to be a logical extension of a demonstrated method. However, the article does not address the most significant obstacle in using quantitative techniques in any type of security analysis—a sound technical basis for the frequency data. The author highlights this fact by stating, "Data on cyber attacks are sparse." He suggests use of expert opinion, or expert opinion in combination with whatever data are available. Despite this serious shortcoming, the author concludes by stating "ROPA can be applied to all types of cyber security measures."


This study will highlight the impact of COVID-19 on McDonald's brand marketing strategy. In the study, we will analyze the changes in the operating model of McDonald's corporation in China. We will understand the marketing strategy changes made by McDonald's before and after COVID-19. In this study, we point out COVID-19's impact on McDonald's. We identify the differences in McDonald's sales strategy before and after COVID-19. We will confirm whether McDonald's marketing strategy changes before and after COVID-19 worked. We use SWOT to specifically analyze the development of McDonald's in the restaurant industry. Then we use the 4Ps to analyze the changes made by McDonald's during the epidemic. Finally, the validity of the analysis is verified by analyzing the financial statements of recent years. We will point out the marketing strategy changes made by McDonald's before and after COVID-19 and find out what measures McDonald's took in response to the challenges of the epidemic.


In order to study the effect of different proportion of wheat bran and corn straw on the Yellow powder larva growth performance trait,1000 5 to 6-age Yellow powder larva were selected and randomly divided into five groups,the control group was fed wheat bran,testⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ groups were fed 20% wheat bran and 80% corn straw,40% wheat bran and 60% corn straw,60% wheat bran and 40% corn straw and corn straw,respectively.The results indicated that body weight,body length,protein content of the testⅠ and Ⅳ groups were significant differences compared with the control group(P0.05).The body weight,body long,the protein content of test Ⅱ and Ⅲ groups were no significant differences compared with the control group(P0.05),and economic benefits of test Ⅱ group increased by 15.15% per kilogram.Therefore,wheat bran and corn straw ratio in test Ⅱ group was the most suitable for breeding of Yellow powder larva.


Aiming at the problem of how to adjust the main steam pressure under the load instruction from the frequency modulation of the power grid to make the operation safer and more economical in the process of peak regulation, we take that 650 MW reheating condensed steam turbine as the research object. This paper introduces some domestic scholars' research status of initial pressure optimization. The model is established by using EBSILON Professional thermodynamic system simulation software and combining it with the heat balance diagram of the power plant under VWO working conditions. The initial pressure optimization under deep variable working conditions is studied, then introduces the operation mode of the steam turbine under variable working conditions during peak shaving. The mathematical relationship between heat consumption rate and initial pressure was established to determine the feasible range of initial pressure. The exhaustive method traverses the feasible pressure interval under a particular working condition. The heat consumption rate under each pressure was calculated to screen out the optimal initial pressure and optimize the initial pressure curve.


A significant decline in the fractional anisotropy in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia with mild cognitive disorders, especially in the white matter of the frontal lobes is proof starting neurodegenerative process in the brain, which can later be transformed into one or another form of dementia. The latter may indicate a need for MR tractography in all patients with cognitive impairment, which in turn will improve the early diagnosis of various forms of dementia.


In this paper, the authors have investigated the thermal evolution of the forms, density, and electrical properties of the zinc interstitial (Zni) related donors in NH3-doped ZnO films via annealing the as-grown sample at different temperatures. The relatively high crystalline quality has eliminated the effect from grain boundaries and thus guaranteed the validity of the study. Generally, in the presence of nitrogen, the main forms of Zni are the Zni-NO complexes and the Zni small clusters. When increasing the annealing temperature to a moderate level (around 700 °C), the dissociation of the Zni and the NO in the Zni-NO complexes would make them partially desorb from the sample. Meanwhile, part of the isolated Zni created from the dissociation would aggregate to form the Zni small clusters (Zni-Zni). When increasing the annealing temperature to 900 °C, the desorption of the Zni-NO complex would continue, but the Zni small clusters are no longer thermally stable. They would decompose into isolated Zni atoms and finally desorb from the sample. As the Zni-NO complexes and the Zni small clusters are both shallow donors, their gradual desorption while increasing the annealing temperature results in a reduced compensation level. Furthermore, using the NH3 as the nitrogen doping source could bring in a complex shallow acceptor in the form of (NH4)Zn. Simultaneously, annealing at high temperatures (900 °C) may result in the clustering of zinc vacancies. Therefore, the current method proposed in this work could be a feasible path to enhancing the p-type doping efficiency in nitrogen-doped ZnO material.


We experimentally and numerically investigate the multiple types of resonance modes that occur in a metal-dielectric-metal (MDM) fishnet metasurface, including magnetic plasmon polaritons, localized surface plasmon resonance, and surface plasmon polariton-Bloch waves in the visible spectral range. The parametric dependences of the multiple resonant wavelengths are all carefully analyzed by varying the gap layer thickness, the period and the neck length of the fishnet structure. Using our knowledge of the geometric parameter dependences, we demonstrate the feasibility of shaping the transmission spectrum of the MDM fishnet metasurface based on control of the light polarization. Numerical simulations are performed and their results coincide perfectly with the experimental results, which indicate that the magnetic mode is more easily tunable than the other modes. Our research will be useful in the design of MDM fishnet structures for specific applications at visible frequencies, including color filters, sensors, color light-emitting devices, and laser sources.


The blood-brain barrier is the main limiting factor of brain drug delivering.The tight junction among brain capillary endothelia made the permeability lower.However,anti-conjugated liposomes or immunoliposomes can be used to direct encapsulated drug molecules to targeted tissues and organs.This article reviewed how to transport drugs across the blood-brain barrier by liposomes.


Conservation of genetic resources is vital for future breeding programs and food security for humans. Before conservation of genetic resources, it requires objective characterization and a proper assignation of individual genotypes to species. The aim of this study was to characterize of 58 Prunus accessions which belong to Prunus avium, Prunus cerasus and Prunus mahaleb by using 12 SSR markers. All twelve SSR markers produced successful amplifi cations and revealed DNA polymorphisms. The number of allele per loci varied from 6 (UDP96-019) to 12 (PS12A02) with an average of 9 per allele. The average of observed and expected heterozygosity was found to be 0.609 and 0.720. The allele size varied from 95 to 276 bp. The number of genotypes per allele were 7 (UCD-CH13) and 24 (UDP96-005). Genetic distance analysis based on SSRs divided the cherry accessions in three main groups based mainly on their species characteristics. P. cerasus genotypes had higher similarity ratio within species than P. mahaleb and P. avium .


The search for the specificity of the literary phenomenon - present in all the work of Luiz Costa Lima - reaches its most acute point in this work, in which the author discusses the relationship between the conceptual and metaphorical axes of language and the difference between the discursive forms , whose extreme science and fiction. For those who follow his intellectual trajectory will not be difficult to identify in the construction of thin conceptual mesh, which is woven throughout the past forty years, the lingering question about the disorder to the order of concepts caused by the impact of reflection on art. It is dedicated specifically to literature or, as currently prefers verbal fiction, Costa Lima holds, next to W. Iser, a concept that recognizes an internal formal empty as the main constituent of the literary form. positioning itself against the exclusive use of that empty through the performance of notions and infinite textuality, the imaginary control theming eventually offer not only an alternative route for the study of the literary phenomenon. His work set up, with the rethinking of mimesis - Dynamic systematicity that keeps tension vectors of "similarity" and "difference" and that, in modern times, throw the guy out of you - as a reflection that reaches the questioning of modern subjectivity principle. The unfolding of what Benedito Nunes was called "critique of aesthetic reason" (Nunes, B. 1999) became a research on the mechanisms by which Western society is "communicating" and on patterns of reflectivity for which it is intended the relationship between discourse and what eludes him. The expansion of the incidence of mimesis field, which now operates as a fundamental component of the cultural world and how deep the language articulator, demand exercise - we found developed here with extreme rigor and philosophical sophistication - to question the hierarchy of sidewalks discursive orders the supposed concept of superiority. Suspend the superiority of conceptual form allows the recovery of the philosophical potential and poietical metaphor, without this implying discredit the concept of its functions. Instead, the reflection of Costa Lima strives to compose a thorough manner the ways in which the fictional becomes the circuit par excellence of metaphoric while consolidating a notion of reality in which the metaphor acts as a "previous field" of concept, the plastic base of its form.


One of the thermokarst relief forms is baidzharakh massif — the group of mounds separated by trenches formed as a result of the underground ice-wedge polygonal networks melting (Fig. 1). Study of baidzharakh vegetation took place on the northeast coast of the Taimyr Peninsula (the Pronchishcheva Bay area) and on the New Siberian Islands (the Kotelny Island) in 1973–1974 (Sumina, 1975, 1976, 1977a, b, 1979 et al.). The aim of this paper is to produce the classification of baidzharakh mound and trenches communities according to the Brown-Blanquet approach (Westhoff, Maarel, 1978) and to compare these data with the community types earlier established on domination principle (Sumina, 1975 et al.). The information obtained in the 1970s could be helpful in a comparative assessment of the thermokarst process dynamics over the past 4 decades, as well as for comparing these processes in other regions of the Arctic. Both studied areas are located in the northern part of the arctic tundra subzone. On the Taimyr Peninsula (and in particular in the Pronchishcheva Bay area) the plakor (zonal) communities belong to the ass. Salici polaris–Hylocomietum alaskani Matveyeva 1998. Our relevés of plakor tundra on the Kotelny Island demonstrate similarity with the zonal communities of the northeast coast of the Taimyr Peninsula (Table 2). Relevés of communities of thermokarst mounds were made within their boundaries, the size of ~ 30 m². In trenches sample plots of the same area had rectangular shape according to trench width. Relevés of plakor tundra were made on 5x6 m plots. There were marked: location in relief, moistening, stand physiognomy, nanorelief, the percent of open ground patches and degree of their overgrowing, total plant cover, that of vascular plants, mosses, and lichens (especially — crustose ons), and cover estimates for each species. The shape of thermokarst mounds depends on the stage of thermodenudation processes. Flat polygons about 0.5 m height with vegetation similar to the plakor tundra are formed at the beginning of ice melting (Fig. 3, a), after which the deformation of the mounds (from eroded flat polygon (Fig. 3, b) to eroded conical mound (Fig. 3, c). Such mounds of maximal height up to 5 m are located on the middle part of steep slopes, where thermodenudation is very active. The last stage of mound destruction is slightly convex mound with a lumpy surface and vegetation, typical to snowbed sites at slope foots (Fig. 3, d, and 5). Both on watersheds and on gentle slopes mounds are not completely destroyed; and on such elongated smooth-conical mounds dense meadow-like vegetation is developed (Fig. 6). On the Kotelny Island thermokarst mounds of all described shapes occur, while in the Pronchishcheva Bay area only flat polygons, eroded flat polygons, and elongated smooth-conical mounds are presented. Under the influence of thermodenudation the plakor (zonal) vegetation is being transformed that allows to consider the most of mound and trench communities as the variants of zonal association. On the base of 63 relevés, made in 14 baidzharakh massifs, 2 variants with 7 subvariants of the ass. Salici polaris–Hylocomietum alaskani Matveyeva 1998 were established, as well as 1 variant of the azonal ass. Poo arcticae– Dupontietum fisheri Matveyeva 1994, which combines the vegetation of wet trenches with dense herbmoss cover. A detailed description of each subvariant is done. All these syntaxa are compared with the types of mound and trenh communities established previously by the domination principle (Sumina, 1975, 1976, 1979 et al.) and with Brown-Blanquet' syntaxa published by other authors. The Brown-Blanquet approach in compare with domination principle, clearly demonstrates the similarity between zonal and baidzharakh massifs vegetation. Diagnostic species of syntaxa of baidzharakh vegetation by other authors (Matveyeva, 1994; Zanokha, 1995; Kholod, 2007, 2014; Telyatnikov et al., 2017) differ from ours. On the one hand, this is due to the fact that all mentioned researchers worked in another areas, and on the other, with different hierarchial levels of syntaxa, which are subassociations (or vicariants) in cited works or variants and subvariants in the our. Communities of mounds as well as of trenches in different regions have unlike species composition, but similar apearance, which depends on the similarity of the life form composition and community pattern, stage of their transformation and environmental factors. This fact is a base to group communities by physiognomy in order to have an opportunity of comparative analysis of baidzharakh vegetation diversity in different regions of the Arctic. In total, 6 such groups for thermokarst mounds and trenches are proposed: "tundra-like" ― vegetation of flat polygonal mounds (or trenches) is similar to the plakor (zonal) communities; "eroded tundra-like" ― tundra-like vegetation is presented as fragments, open ground occupies the main part of flat polygonal mounds; "eroded mounds with nonassociated vegetation" ― eroded mounds of various shapes up to sharp conical with absent vegetation at the top and slopes, sparse pioneer vascular plants on a bare substrate and crustose lichens and chionophilous grasses at foots; "meadow-like" ― herb stands with a participation of tundra dwarf-shrubs, mosses, and lichens on elongated smooth-conical mounds and in moderately moist trenches; "communities in snowbeds" ― thin plant cover formed by small mosses, liverworts, crustose lichens, and sparse vascular plants in snowbed habitats on destroyed slightly convex mounds with a lumpy surface and in trenches; "communities of cotton grass" or others, depending on the dominant species ― in wet trenches where vegetation is similar to the arctic hypnum bogs with dominant hygrophyte graminoids as Eriophorum scheuchzeri, E. polystachion, Dupontia fischeri et al. This sheme according to physiognomic features of thermokarst mound and trench communities, as a simplier way to assess the current dynamic stage of the baidzharakh massifs, may be useful for monitoring the thermodenudation activity in different areas of the Arctic, particularly in connection with observed climate changes (ACIA, 2004) and a possible dramatic "cascade of their environmental consequences" (Fraser et al., 2018).


Clinical and histopathologic features of prostatic ductal adenocarcinomas have been incompletely described. A review of 4,286 cases of prostatic adenocarcinoma (1950 through 1970) at the Mayo Clinic showed 55 cases in which lesions were of a distinctive ductal type. Eight of the 55 lesions originated from periurethral primary prostatic ducts and had exuberant papillary folds. Cystoscopic examination revealed a polypoid and villous or an infiltrative urethral component. The 5‐year survival rate (42.8%) was similar to that for the usual acinic adenocarcinomas. Carcinomas originating from secondary ducts had a multi‐centric origin and papillary, comedo‐like, and cribriform‐papillary histopathologic features. The overall 5‐year survival rate was 24.2%. Palliative hormone therapy appeared to be less effective in prolonging life in these patients as compared to patients with acinic carcinomas. Bone metastases were osteoblastic, and serum acid phosphatase activities were elevated if metastases were present.


The present status and changes of distribution of rivers and lakes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the past 25 years have been analyzed according to the interpretation of the MSS remote sensing images in the middle 1970s and the ETM+ images at the end of the 1990s. Study indicates that: in general there is no appreciable change of rivers on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau; a few river stretches of exterior drainages in some areas fluctuate slightly and a few river stretches of interior drainages are diverted or run dry; the river-mouth stretches where rivers inflow into lake show extensional and recessional changes. Most natural lakes on the plateau change significantly, mainly manifested by the following aspects: some lakes are reduced or expanded in area, some lakes are disintegrated or merged, water are again collected in some dried-up, and some lakes are nearly dried-up. The main influence factors leading to the changes of rivers and lakes include air temperature change, precipitation change, glacier change and climatic snow line change.


THE IDEAL FILLER SHOULD MAKE THE PAVEMENT WATERPROOF, BE ABLE TO WITHSTAND VIBRATION AND IMPACT WITHOUT BREAKING AWAY FROM THE BLOCKS OR BRICKS, CONTRIBUTE TO QUIETNESS, PERMIT EASY REMOVAL OF THE BRICKS AND YET ADHERE TENACIOUSLY TO THEM, NOT INTERFERE WITH EXPANSION AND CONTRACTION OF THE PAVING MATERIALS, BE EASY TO APPLY, CHEAP, AND LASTING, WITHSTAND TEMPERATURE CHANGES, NOT PRODUCE A SLIPPERY SURFACE AT ANY TIME, RESIST WEAR AND ABRASION, NOT BE TRACKED OR CARRIED OFF BY TRAFFIC, NOT SPATTER PASSING TRAFFIC, AND BE SET UP RAPIDLY SO THAT THE PAVEMENT MAY BE IMMEDIATELY OPENED UP TO TRAFFIC. HOWEVER, SUCH A FILLER IS YET TO BE FOUND. IN THE UNITED STATES THE FOLLOWING HAVE BEEN USED: SAND, TAR, ASPHALT, MIXTURES OF THESE, AND CEMENT GROUT. BLANCHARD SPEAKS ON THE DIFFICULTY OF USING BITUMINOUS CEMENT AS A FILLER. GAGE COMMENTS THAT A SAND ASPHALT MIXTURE IS VERY DIFFICULT TO KEEP UNIFORM IN COMPOSITION AND TO APPLY PROPERLY.


A pseudoaneurysm is an abnormal focal dilation of a blood vessel contained within a fibrous capsule that is not composed of all three layers of the vessel (intima, media and adventitia). The wall of a pseudoaneurysm is therefore made up of the normal structures surrounding the artery and any thrombus lining the cavity. Factors predisposing the formation of pseudoaneurysms include trauma to the vessel wall, disrupted surgical anastomosis, unidentified injuries to vessel walls during catheterizations and endovascular procedures, and complications related to anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy in patients undergoing invasive arterial interventions. We present here an unusual case of a 55-year-old Caucasian male with an abdominal aortic pseudoaneurysm formed secondary to a ruptured ulcerated atherosclerotic plaque inferior to the renal vessels. He presented with a month's history of worsening back and testicular pain cumulating to a visit to the Emergency Department. He underwent urgent surgical repair of the pseudoaneurysm followed by an uneventful recovery. This report discusses the etiology, presentation, management and the possible complications of an abdominal aortic pseudoaneurysm. J Curr Surg. 2014;4(1):23-25 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/jcs187w


Glassy polycarbonate has been subjected to sub-glass-transition annealing and exposure to high-pressure CO2. The subsequently measured solubilities of nitrogen, argon, and CO2 in these specimens were found to be decreased by the former and increased by the latter. Annealing decreases the enthalpy of polycarbonate and mechanically embrittles it, whereas subsequent exposure to CO2 erases these effects of annealing, can make the polymer even more ductile than the untreated material, and can apparently give it a higher enthalpy. Annealing densifies the glass, whereas the CO2 treatment dilates it. The gas sorption observations are in accord with the dual-sorption model, and the effects of prior history are apparently the result of changes in the Langmuir capacity, which evidently is a sorption mechanism that exists as a result of the nonequilibrium nature, or excess volume, of the glassy state.


The title compound, [Au(C3H4NS2)(C18H15P)], contains a thiazolidinethione ligand coordinated to an AuI atom through the S atom. A triphenylphosphine ligand completes the linear coordination geometry around the Au atom. The compound contains two molecules in the asymmetric unit and is a polymorphic form of a previously reported structure [Grant, Forward & Fackler Jr (1996). Z. Kristallogr. 211, 483–484]. The composite molecules in the two forms exhibit nearly identical bond distances and angles.


Exploring and engaging with multiple solution tasks (MSTs), where students are given rich mathematical tasks and encouraged to find multiple solutions (or proofs), has been an interesting and productive trend in problem solving research in recent years. A longitudinal comparative study by Levav-Waynberg and Leikin (2012) suggests that an MST approach in the classroom provides a greater educational opportunity for potentially creative students when compared with a conventional learning environment.


Fully or nearly fully(8-cholesteryloxycarbonyl)heptanoated polysaccharide derivatives were synthesized by reacting cellulose, amylose, chitosan, chitin, alginic acid, pullulan or amylopectin with (8-cholesteryloxycarbonyl)heptanoyl chloride (CH8C), and their thermotropic liquid crystalline behaviors were investigated. Like in the case of CH8C, all the polysaccharide derivatives formed monotropic cholesteric phases with left-handed helicoidal structures whose optical pitches decrease with increasing temperature. Amylopectin derivative also formed a monotropic cholesteric phase with lefthanded helicoidal structures but, in contrast with the other derivatives, did not display reflection colors over the full cholesteric range, suggesting that the helicoidal twisting power of the cholesteryl group highly depends on the branched structure in amylopectin. The thermal stability and degree of order in the mesophase, the magnitude of at the same temperature, and the temperature dependence of the observed for polysaccharide derivatives were entirely different from those reported for the polymers in which the cholesteryl groups are attached to flexible or semiflexible backbones through flexible spacers. The results were discussed in terms of the difference in the chemical structures of the main and side chains and flexibility of the main chain.


The article focuses on the work of Harold Wilson, Robert Millikan and his students, in particular, Louis Begeman and Harvey Fletcher on determining the magnitude of an elementary electric charge. Attention is drawn to the priority of authorship in the publications of R. Millikan and H. Fletcher based on the results of joint research. A controversy was noted around the results of Millikan's experiments to determine the electric charge of an electron. The situation with R. Millikan's recommendation of his student Harold de Forest Arnold to the WECo research group for the development of a telephone electronic repeater is described.


The seismic responses of different reservoirs to CO2 injection involve a number of process‐related trade-offs. High quality (thick, permeable and mechanically compliant) reservoirs tend to have a large seismic sensitivity and relatively high potential for the spatial and temporal resolution of thin, spreading CO2 layers and the characterisation of layer properties. But they show rather small pressure increases, close to or beneath seismic detection limits. On the other hand, lower quality reservoirs tend to have a decreased seismic sensitivity with less potential for CO2 layer characterisation but, conversely, with larger and more seismically tractable pressure increases.


The conceptualized non-contact Photovoltaic-Thermal (PV-T) collector consists of a PV panel separated by a conventional sheet and tube solar thermal collector. Simulation of both non-contact type and contact type collectors is carried out and correlations are proposed for both thermal and electrical efficiencies in terms of irradiation, inlet water temperature, ambient temperature and PV transmissivity. At high values of transmissivity (τ > 0.75), the thermal efficiency of the non-contact type system exceeds that of the contact type collector at higher values of inlet temperatures. The PV-T system yields thermal and electrical efficiencies in the order of 30–35% and 8–9% respectively. Experiments are carried out to validate the simulation results and to study the infl uence of performance parameters. It is found that non-contact type collectors can perform better than the contact type collectors at high water inlet temperatures and high PV panel transmissivity values. Copyright , Manchester University Press.