Let n be nite. Let Ln denotes the n-variable rst order logic without equality, whose semantics are provided by generalized models, where assignments are allowed from arbitrary sets of n-ary sequences V ⊆ nU (some non empty set U). Semantics for the Boolean connectives are de ned the usual way, and for the existential quanti er ∃xi (i < n), a generalized model V and s ∈ V , V, s |= ∃xiφ⇐⇒ (∃s)(s ≡i t)&V, s |= φ. We show that Ln is complete, sound, decidable, has the nite model property, the Craig interpolation and the Beth de nability properties, but has the Gödel's incompleteness property. Our proof is algebraic addressing the classes Crs n 's of diagonal free reducts of Crsn's. The positive results are proved by showing that Crsn is a variety that is nitely axiomatizable, that the universal theory of Crs n is decidable, that Crs n has the nite base property, and nally that it has the super amalgamation property. Gödels's incompleteness is proved by showing that the free algebras with at least one (free) generator are not atomic.


Many existing reinforced concrete bridges in The Netherlands are suspected of having insufficient shear strength, hence a methodical approach is necessary to assess them. The aim of this paper is to provide a structured approach for assessment of the reinforced concrete slab bridges, which make up a considerable proportion of the Dutch bridge stock.


This article tries to convey some of the characteristics that the notion of competence adquires in the edu-cational field. It makes a comparison between the actual sense attributed to it in what refers to profes-sional back up and school education, and proposes different interpretations for the competence notion re-garding curricular and evaluative politics, relating the basic education.


Internal QM frequency for the same transition levels being fixed; spontaneously emitting source & stimulated emitting detecting atoms in an inhomogeneously broadened gas laser reveal different processes behind Doppler Effect.


The characters and application situation of two-phase aqueous systems based on polymer-salt-extraction reagent are introduced.The progress of this system in the field of extraction separation and analysis of metal ions is summarized. Finally, some problems to be further studied about this system are proposed.


The embodiment of the invention discloses a laser-point-cloud-based urban road identification method and apparatus. The method comprises: a corresponding road edge model is constructed according to laser point clouds collected by a laser sensor; a height of a mobile carrier with the laser sensor is determined and a corresponding road surface model is constructed based on the height and the laser point; and according to the road edge model and the road surface model, a road surface point cloud and a road edge point cloud in the laser point cloud are eliminated, the rest of laser point clouds are segmented by using a point cloud segmentation algorithm, and an object corresponding to the a segmentation result is identified. The height of the mobile carrier is estimated based on the laser point cloud and the road surface model corresponding to the laser point cloud is constructed by using the height, so that the construction efficiency and accuracy of the road surface model are improved. Therefore, the identification efficiency and accuracy of the corresponding object are improved.


DNA has been isolated from human bronchial segments that have been treated in short‐term organ culture with 3H‐labelled benzo(a)pyrene. DNA has also been isolated from mouse skin treated with 3H‐labelled samples of benzo(a)pyrene, with the related radioactive 4,5‐, 7,8‐ and 9,10‐dihydrodiols and with 3H‐3‐hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene. Sephadex LH20 column chromatography of hydrolysates of these DNA samples showed that the hydrocarbon‐deoxyribonucleoside products formed in benzo(a)‐pyrene‐treated human bronchial mucosa and mouse skin are indistinguishable from those that are formed when 7,8‐dihydro‐7,8‐dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10‐oxide reacts with DNA in solution. These same hydrocarbon‐deoxyribonucleoside products were also found in hydrolysates of DNA from mouse skin treated with 7,8‐dihydro‐7,8‐dihydroxybenzo(a)‐pyrene but products of this type were not detected in hydrolysates of DNA following treatment of mouse skin either with the 4,5‐ or 9,10‐dihydrodiols or with 3‐hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene. The results show that the metabolic activation of benzo(a)pyrene to a diolepoxide, 7,8‐dihydro‐7,8‐dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10‐oxide, which reacts with DNA, is the same in human bronchial mucosa, a tissue in which this hydrocarbon is suspected of being carcinogenic, as it is in mouse skin and in hamster embryo cells, two situations in which benzo(a)pyrene is known to induce malignancy.


With the room temperature and 0.45 mol/L phosphoric acid medium, NO - 2 has a great catalysis on discoloration reaction of KBrO 3 oxidation bromocresol purple, establishing a new way of measuring NO - 2. After 12 min of reaction, NO - 2 is measured at 434 nm, with linearity range from 0.01~0.4 mg/L and at 25 °C its regression line equation is △A=1.0685C(mg/L)+0.0146 r=0.9980. The way is easy to handle and has high precision and selectivity, proved satisfying in measuring NO - 2 of meat products.


This presentation will present displacement controlled uniaxial fatigue tests performed with specimens made of the nickel-based superalloy Waspaloy. For that an optical system (non-contact) for displacement and strain measurements has been developed. The system is able to track specimen deformation via edge detection for use in the feedback control of the test machine. Optical methods have their own limitations of resolution and difficulties in application. This work will present a review of effectiveness for our case and potential for wider use.


Objective Clinical diagnosis of acute abdomen sum up the experience.Methods 40 cases of hospital clinical observation and diagnosis of acute abdomen analysis experience.Results By analyzing the history,symptoms,signs and laboratory examinations did not want to cause to be diagnosed.Conclusion The necessary relevant inspection,in-depth and meticulous analysis is the key to correct diagnosis of acute abdomen.


The activities of Harold Shipman have highlighted the need for assessment of GPs. GPs are to be assessed but no one knows how, by whom, and using what criteria. There seems little doubt that some form of inspector will be literally, and not metaphorically, knocking on doors, demanding entry, to make assessments that could result in action(s) of currently uncertain scope. There is, I am informed, much anxiety.

To assess a GP it seems we need a feasible, acceptable, rigorous scheme of assessment(s), general and specific, flexible yet robust, set in context of various practice types, which yield results and permit interventions despite the difficulty of …


Marine Refrigeration Plant is a discipline included in the curricula of students enrolled in Constanta Maritime University, willing to be trained as future marine engineers. In this paper we focus on the mid semester assessment of the knowledge gained by our part time students till a deadline, which is announced at the beginning of the semester, by the lecturer, through the so named Schedule of the Discipline, available on the elearning platform. For the mentioned discipline, the compulsory mid semester assessment consists in an assignment dealing with ejection and absorption refrigeration plants. The assignment is evaluated by the lecturer through the e-learning platform which is a tool of realizing of communication and knowledge assessment, in the most effective way.


assay bias will be detected by within-run rules before the application of the cross-run rules. Data were also modeled for n 4, and the error detection for full multirules was lower than described on the Westgard site for all changes in bias from 1.0 to 3.0 times the SD when previously detected shifts were removed from the 8x rule (data not shown). The change in bias that can be detected with 90% certainty decreases from 1.8 times the SD, as shown on the Westgard website, to 2.5 times the SD, the same change in bias that can be detected with the use of within-run rules only. The above data suggest that the true power of error detection of cross-run rules is markedly less than has previously been claimed. It can be seen that the action of the cross-run rules conforms with previous descriptions as warning rules for detecting smaller shifts in assay bias than are easily detectable by common within-run rules. However, these rules cannot detect these minor shifts with any certainty. For example, the 41s rule will detect assay changes a maximum of 25% of the occasions an otherwise unidentified change occurs. However, the present study was limited to evaluation of changes in bias at a single point in time. It is likely that cross-run rules may be more useful in detecting a gradual change in bias over time because such changes may be less likely to be detected previously by within-run rules. It is important that laboratory scientists be aware of the performance characteristics of the QC protocols in use in their laboratories. Reliance on within-run rules is preferable to rules requiring data from multiple runs because errors can be detected sooner after they have occurred. However, if cross-run rules are to be used they are of value only if they add to the error detection generated by the rules that have already evaluated the data that are required for them to fire. By excluding previously detected changes in assay bias, I have demonstrated that the cross-run rules 10x and 41s with n 2 and 8x with n 4 have a lower probability of error detection than is shown in the data on the Westgard website and do not add to error detection at the 90% confidence level derived by use of within-run rules.


This paper introduces the liquid level control system of leaffilter and PID control principles,and puts forward a new method for PID parameter adjustment.


ABSTRACT. The neurosecretory corpora cardiaca/corpora allata complex of Carausius morosus, a wingless insect of the superorder Orthopteroidea, contains adipokinetic and hyperglycaemic factor(s) capable of elevating lipids in locusts, and carbohydrates in cockroaches. Neither activity can be demonstrated in the stick insect itself, however. In addition, in locusts the Carausius gland extract is able to elevate levels of cyclic AMP in the fat body.


Over last years, responsibility and sustainability issues have become a corporate asset able to enhance firms' market value and, at the same time, meeting stakeholders' needs. The additional information in regards to corporate social and environmental commitment has been disclosed on listed markets, implying a lower asymmetry between investors and firms. As a consequence, investments uncertainty has been decreasing through this non financial information which has made investors' capital allocation more responsible. This paper investigates the impact of corporate social responsibility and sustainability on investors' risk perception according to Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) paradigm. We focused on a double risk measurement systematic and idiosyncratic developing an empirical study on 77 companies listed on Standard & Poor's index and belonging to "Consumer Discretionary" industry cluster. Empirical findings highlight that an overall ESG assessment affects positively investors' risk perception, although in some cases this effect is partially balanced by the single assessments Environmental, Social, and Governance.


In view of the fact that many domestic university laboratories have the defects of loose access control and difficulty in power control,this paper focuses on the planning of the back office management system based on the Internet of Things.The system is based on the campus card system,using a database server,RF,GPRS,wireless communication technology,SCM and other related technologies,to achieve a complete set of laboratory safety management system,effectively solve the access management loopholes and laboratory electricity problems.At the same time,it has the characteristics of low transformation cost,simple use and easy promotion.


We are thankful to Dr Peter I. Lelkes, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, for assistance with microscopic imaging. Acknowledgement Introduction Microcomputed Tomography (Micro-CT): NAPL Dissolution The dissolution rate of TCE droplets dispersed in 1mm-diameter glass beads was compared for watersaturated beads and beads containing an aqueous suspension of Pseudomonas putida F1. 2D and 3D images were acquired using micro-CT. Changing volumes of NAPL ganglia were measured over time according to 3D analysis, and used to compute the mass transfer rate coefficient of TCE, with and without microbial degradation


a) Open House October 14, 2009 Recap – Discuss Open House public input b) Survey Results – Discuss survey input c) Proposed Additional Map Amendments – Discuss draft maps (materials to be distributed at the meeting) 1) New Oakland County Green Infrastructure (draft map depicting local vision of green infrastructure) 2) New Intersection Traffic Counts 3) Thoroughfare Plan 4) Speed Limits 5) Road Jurisdiction 6) Traffic Signals 7) Zoning 8) Existing Pathways & Sidewalks 9) Pathway & Sidewalk Plan 6. Minutes September 16, 2009


We solve affirmatively the open problem raised by Hallam [31 and we apply this result to classical differential inequalities as well as to get existence and uniqueness theorems for the terminal value problem for ordinary differential equations. Hallam in [3] points out that a comparison principle on terminal values for ordinary differential inequalities stated by Mamedov [8] has wrong proof and, in establishing a weaker form of it, raises the problem of proving Mamedov's theorem in full generality. The aim of this paper is to answer affirmatively this question. The comparison theorem proved here is exactly the analogue for terminal values of the classical comparison theorem for initial values and therefore it is even more general than Mamedov's statement. This result is applied to improve some well-known propositions on differential inequalities for initial values as well as to prove some uniqueness and existence theorems for the terminal value problem for ordinary differential equations. In particular, an analogue of the Peano-Kneser theorem is proved: the set of solutions of terminal value problems is connected under conditions like those of Brauer [1] and Ladas and Lakshmikantham [6]. The author is grateful to T. G. Hallam for some useful comments on the preprint. 1. The general terminal comparison theorem. For b = +oo Theorem 1 below solves the problem explained in the introduction of the paper, while for b < +oo Theorem 1 improves Proposition A of Cafiero [2, p. 146] since no kind of boundedness is assumed on cA and the domain of co is more general. The proof Received by the editors July 10, 1974 and, in revised form, March 5, 1975. AMS (MOS) subject classifications (1970). Primary 34A40, 34A10, 34E99; Secondary 34A15, 34A45.


Risk acceptance criteria, as upper limits of acceptable risk, are often used to control accident risk. In the literature, there is a discussion about the suitability of using such criteria. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to this discussion by questioning the rationale of using risk acceptance criteria in accordance with the ruling paradigm for decision-making under uncertainty – the expected utility theory. Attention is given to the rationality of using risk acceptance criteria from both a firm's and a societal point of view.


A novel and convenient strategy is described for the regioselective conversion of N,N′-disubstituted thioureas and 1,2-dielectrophiles into the highly biologically valuable 2-imino-thiazoline and 2-imino thiazolidine-4-one derivatives. The synthesis proceeds through a process with good yield promoted by an electrogenerated base (EGB) obtained with high current efficiency.


Changes of the complex propagation coefficient of grainy bulks, especially building materials, due to surface effects and scattering of large particles are estimated. A new correction method for microwave moisture measurement taking into account ambient parameters and structure effects is developed. The effects of outliers are reduced using statistical averaging procedures.


It is well known that the private sector tends to under-invest when there are research spillovers, so governments often fund research, especially medical research. However, governments themselves might free ride on one another in medical research. We provide the first empirical evidence of how a government responds to medical research outlays by another government. Using data from 2007 to 2014 on research outlays for infectious and parasitic diseases, we examine how governments and foundations in 41 countries changed their funding in response to outlays by the US government which accounted for about half of public outlays in our sample. A simple analysis suggests that funding by the US and other governments is positively correlated, but this fails to account for unobserved common priorities. To identify the effects of free riding while accounting for unobserved common priorities, we use the political composition of the US Congress which determines the budget of the US National Institutes of Health, and thus affects US funding, but does not directly affect other countries' funding. We find that a 10% US funding increase for a disease is associated with a 1% funding reduction for that disease by a foundation or government agency and a 4% reduction for a government in aggregate. JEL Codes: O3, L65, I18


Osteoarthritis patients often experience pain and inflammation in joints. To understand whether antioxidant supplements could reduce inflammation and could potentially be applied for osteoarthritis treatment, vitamin E and resveratrol were investigated in this study. Hydrogen peroxide was used for inducing inflammation in porcine chondrocytes, and the lumen density was measured for the level of oxygen-derived free radicals. In total, 5, 50, 100, and 200 μM of vitamin E and resveratrol were analyzed for cell viability and the effect of lumen density. In addition, the expressions of IL-1β, TNF-α, MMP-1, MMP-13, and COL2A1 were investigated when treating chondrocytes with 100 μM vitamin E, 5 μM resveratrol, or their combination before or after hydrogen peroxide induction. Inducing chondrocytes with hydrogen peroxide for 30 min increased the level of lumen density sufficiently and stimulated the expression of inflammatory genes. All the concentrations of vitamin E and resveratrol showed good cell viability. Single treatment with either vitamin E or resveratrol reduced inflammatory gene expression, and combined treatment increased the expression of collagen type II. The results suggested that post-treatment with both vitamin E and resveratrol has a better effect on the reduction in inflammation in osteoarthritis-like chondrocytes.


We have fabricated YBa2 Cu3 O7-δ bicrystal grain-boundary-junction superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) having various inductance values, and studied the characteristics of the flux-modulated voltage. Generally, the modulation voltage of high-T c SQUIDs is lower than the value expected from the I cR n product and the inductance. From the comparison of experimental and theoretical values, it has been found that thermal noise rounding of the I-V characteristic plays a major role in reducing the modulation voltage in the range of the noise parameter of γ=I cΦ0/πk BT<20. On the other hand, noise flux in the SQUID loop generated by thermal noise currents contributes to reducing the modulation voltage in the range of γ>20. We have also studied the relationship between the normal resistance and the modulation voltage of the grain-boundary-junction SQUIDs.


We present ROSAT HRI observations of six quasars with redshifts > 3.4: PKS 0335-122, S4 0620+389, B1422+231, PKS 2215+02, Q 2239-386 and PC 2331+0216. We include the observation of the radio-quiet quasar BG 57 9, whose red- shift has recently been revised to z =0 :965. S4 0620+389, B1422+231, PKS 2215+02 and BG 57 9 are detected in the ROSAT energy band (0.1-2.4 keV). 2 upper limits are given for the remaining objects. All X-ray sources are point like to the limit of the HRI point spread function. We report marginal evidence for X-ray variability in S4 0620+389 on timescales of several hours (rest frame). No significant X-ray variability is found in the gravitationally lensed quasar B1422+231 on rest frame timescales of hours and months. We present the spec- tral energy distributions for six of the high redshift quasars and compare them to the mean distribution of low redshift quasars.


Computer games constitute a major branch of the entertainment industry nowadays. The financial and research potentials of making games more appealing (or else more interesting) are more than impressive. Interactive and cooperative characters can generate more realism in games and satisfaction for the player. Moreover, on-line (while play) machine learning techniques are able to produce characters with intelligent capabilities useful to any game's context. On that basis, richer human-machine interaction through real-time entertainment, player and emotional modeling may provide means for effective adjustment of the non-player characters' behavior in order to obtain games of substantial entertainment. This paper introduces a research scheme for creating NPCs that generate entertaining games which is based interdisciplinary on the aforementioned areas of research and is foundationally supported by several pilot studies on testbed games. Previous work and recent results are presented within this framework.


Objective To investigate the effect of ACE inhibitor Benazepril alone or combining with AT1 receptor antagonist irbesartan(ARB) on transforming growth factor beta 3 (TGFβ3) gene expression in myocardium and renal cortex of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Methods Twenty-four 12-week SHR were randomly divided into three groups including a positive control group treated without medicine and two active groups treated with Benazepril (8mg·kg-1·d-1) alone and Benazepril (8mg·kg-1·d-1) combining with irbesartan (40mg·kg-1·d-1). After 8 weeks, blood pressure was measured by tail-sleeve method. TGFβ3 mRNA expression in myocardium and renal cortex was detected by real-time quantitative RT-PCR method. Results Compared with positive group of SHR, gene expression of TGFβ3 and the levels of blood pressure were significantly decreased in myocardium and renal cortex of two active groups treated with benazepril alone or combining with irbesartan (P0.01). However, TGFβ3 expression of the group treated with Benazepril combining with irbesartan was not further decreased compared with group treated with Benazepril alone (P0.05). Conclusion Benazepril alone or combining with irbesartan could significantly down-regulated expression of TGFβ3 mRNA in myocardium and renal cortex of SHR, which may be one of the mechanisms in regressing the damage of target organs caused by hypertension.


The uncertainty of weight makes the weight density between samples not fixed. Aiming at the problem that the existing CLIQUE clustering algorithm does not consider the weight of object features, which leads to low accuracy, an improved weighted method combined with the thought of posets is proposed. In addition, this method does not need accurate weight assignment, only the weight order can run efficiently. First, the weight order of object features is obtained, and then the partial order weight is applied to the original data to obtain weighted data with weights. Then the traditional CLIQUE algorithm is used to cluster according to weighted data, and finally the partial order weighted CLIQUE model is obtained. Through the experiment of six groups of data, the results show that: under the given weight sequence constraints, the clustering quality of the weighted CLIQUE model is significantly higher than that of the unweighted model, and the clustering accuracy and other aspects are significantly improved. In this method model, weight information is effectively integrated into the algorithm when only the feature weight order is obtained, and the function of feature weight is fully played to enhance the robustness of clustering results. At the same time, the idea of poset can effectively integrate expert information, and the representation of the nearest neighbor elements in Hasse graph can show the effect intuitively. It is an effective improvement method of CLIQUE clustering algorithm.


Abstract : "The worst outcome would be to lose this war [Iraq] by default. If the smart folks in the psy-op and civil affairs tents can cast a truthful, persuasive message that resonates with the average Iraqi, why not use the public affairs vehicles to transmit it?" This proposal throws those familiar with both organizations into a mental tizzy. Military deception (MILDEC) as an element of information operations (IO) is an integral part of maneuver warfare, as is psychological operations (PSYOP). Because MILDEC and PSYOP have negative connotations, it is blindly assumed that both create a false perspective for an opposing force, therefore causing the media and public to become rightfully suspicious when public affairs (PA) and information operations collaborate. Truth is necessary for public affairs to build credibility for success. The question is how can the military use information operations and public affairs as an effective team when their missions appear to be contradictory. The war necessitates a well-defined relationship between IO and PA; built on integrity, they must be able to constructively join forces.


. For composition operators on spaces of analytic functions it is well known that norm estimates can be converted to Carleson measure estimates. The boundedness of the composition operator becomes equivalent to a Carleson measure inequality. The measure corresponding to a composition operator C ' on the Dirichet space D is d(cid:23) ' = n ' dA , where n ' ( z ) is the cardinality of the preimage ' (cid:0) 1 ( z ). The composition operator will have closed range if and only if the corresponding measure satis(cid:12)es a \reverse Carleson measure" theorem: k f k 2 D (cid:20) R j f 0 j 2 d(cid:23) ' for all f 2 D . Assuming C ' is bounded, a necessary condition for this inequality is a reverse of the Carleson condition: (C) (cid:23) ' ( S ) (cid:21) c j S j for all Carleson squares S . It has long been known that this is not su(cid:14)cient for a completely general measure. Here we show that it is also not su(cid:14)cient for the special measures (cid:23) ' . That is, we construct a function ' such that C ' is bounded and (cid:23) ' satis(cid:12)es (C) but the composition operator C ' does not have closed range.


During the 1997 NEH Summer Institute for College Teachers on "The Literary Traditions of Medieval Women" that I directed at Rice University, those of us who had attempted in the past to change the canon, that is, to include medieval or early modern women in an existent course, agreed during our conversations about teaching that we had often faced a more formidable obstacle than the difficulty of finding texts, material, and information about these women: we had had to overcome the hostility and resistance of our students. If we had identified what we were trying to do as "feminist" in any way, the learning experience would shut down. And yet, often, all we had been trying to do was to create a more truthful and honest survey of literary or political history than the one that had been distorted by the anthologies we were using, the critical studies and explanations of that history, and our own graduate-school professors and mentors. The questions that arose as a result of our discussions were all related but distinct: What exactly is "feminist" and what is not? How do students perceive our "new" authors or "new" histories and our attempts to teach them? What can teachers do to facilitate the learning experience?1 In 1992, in an attempt to redefine "canon," I attempted to gender the sophomore survey at Rice, "Major British Writers," or "Chaucer to 1800," by including on the syllabus women writers who had been influential in their own time but little anthologized by modern editors, a change to which the students reacted indignantly.2 The original sophomore survey, which I had first taught at Rice in 1984, covered medieval, Renaissance, and seventeenth- and eighteenth-century literature in relatively equal periods, with emphasis placed on Chaucer, Shakespeare, and Milton-the kind of course for which The Norton Anthology of English Literature is ideally suited because of its combined emphasis on major works and works by minor but important figures whose writings add to our understanding of a particular period of literary history. The first part of a two-semester survey, and one of the few remaining courses required for English majors, this fall course usually enrolled about seventy-five to eighty students and was for many years taught by one instructor, only later divided into three sections of twenty-five to thirty students taught by different instructors using whichever approach and anthology or texts they desired. The course normally included three exams and a paper, or three papers and a final, or any combination thereof, the emphasis on examination deriving from the time in which a single professor taught the entire course with graduate-student grading assistance. Because I had already developed a number of courses at Rice in which women authors provided the central focus, I was no longer content to abide the traditional canon we had always revered. So, I asked myself what would happen if I included more women in my syllabus for the required sophomore survey The textual problem in constructing a reading list for such a course is obvious, as reflected in the telephone response of the Norton representative to my question in 1992 concerning the paucity of women writers in The Norton Anthology of English Literature: Which (male) writers would you cut in order to include more women writers and therefore how many instructors would you consequently anger? As instructors we believe we include authors in our canons because of our attention to what has been understood as an objective standard of truth, "literary history." This history, I might add, was defined in graduate schools throughout America up to the seventies as predominantly masculine and reflective of the influence and reception of published or circulated (male) authors within the aristocratic or scholarly circles in which power to establish literary trends and fashions accrued over the period from the ninth to the eighteenth century. But there is only so much space in literary anthologies and only so much time in semester courses. …


To provide a technique for performing separation instruction according to an embodiment of the present invention. Execution units performs separation instruction in a processor operating in the platform. The processor is configured to one of the normal execution mode and the separation execution mode. Parameter storage that stores at least one parameter for the processor to support the execution of the separation instruction when configured in the separation execution mode.


A high brightness LED and its manufacturing method are provided to prevent the damage of an LED chip by bypassing a reverse current generated due to electrostatic discharge using a parallel connection structure between the LED chip and an electrostatic discharge protecting element. A lead frame(50) is composed of an anode lead(51) and a cathode lead(52). A package(10) is used for holding partially the lead frame and exposing the entire upper surface of the lead frame and a portion of the lower surface to the outside. A fixing member(10a) is used for fixing the anode and cathode leads with each other as one piece. An LED chip(30) is mounted on the exposed upper surface of the lead frame. An electrostatic discharge protection element(40) is mounted on the exposed lower surface of the lead frame. The electrostatic discharge protection element and the LED chip are connected with each other in parallel through a wire. A first molding member(20) is used for protecting the LED chip. A second molding member(70) is used for protecting the electrostatic discharge protection element.


System dynamics-based interactive learning environments (ILEs) have been developed to address shortcomings in policy design and decision making with regard to complex systems. A primary purpose of these ILEs is to identify effective learning strategies for these domains. Typically, these ILEs are themselves complex, but little is understood about how we come to understand complex, dynamic domains. It is, therefore, difficult to identify causes for improved learning. We begin with the design of learning support for simpler dynamic system and present an instructional design strategy based on principles of graduated complexity and problem-based learning. Our methodology addresses the need for simple, understandable representations of complex realities. To establish that this design methodology is effective, it is necessary to conduct learning studies across a number of dimensions of complexity with variations in the design of the associated learning environments. We demonstrate examples of the design methodology and present preliminary results.


Suggesting people exactly according to their likeness is most challenging in today's generation. Present websites fail to provide the recommendation that is appropriate for people. There are several reasons such as there is either inadequate information about people or absence
 of feedback from the movies that they have watched. In this Situation considering those few/Sparse scores that are given that are collected from the people a socially balanced concept came into picture. Socially balanced theory Concept (hybrid) uses a integrated recommendation by combining
 both substance—oriented and community organized approach i.e., recommends based on both on viewers as well as movie. Socially balance theory helps to get better suggestion even when there is less information or inappropriate content by finding the opponent for the end users later discover
 the end users companion i.e., "opponents opponent is a companion" rule in social balance theory. So that suggestions can be based on both customer as well as goods based. For this, initially grouping the community is required to find the similarity between them. Finally the workability
 of integrated—recommendation is evaluated by considering film lens dataset – 10 M.


A theoretical approach is proposed for considering the electronic and magnetic structures of metallic surfaces, interfaces, superlattices, and other low-dimensional systems. Quasi-localized d electrons are described in terms of the periodic Anderson model, taking into account the d-d interaction between a given number of near neighbors. The theory involves a minimum number of phenomenological parameters, which are determined by the properties of the bulk materials. The approach developed here is used to calculate the electronic structure of clusters of Cr atoms in iron matrices, of Fe/Cr interfaces and surfaces, Cr monolayers on iron substrates, and Fe/Cr superlattices. A theory is developed for itinerant conduction-band electrons in metallic magnetic superlattices, in which some electrons are assumed to be locked in potential wells formed by magnetic layers. In the case of ferromagnetic ordering of neighboring magnetic layers, the potential wells occur only for one electron spin direction, and in the case of antiferromagnetic ordering, they occur for both spin directions. The energy of conduction electrons oscillates with increasing thickness of nonmagnetic spacer layers and, as a result, the coupling of neighboring magnetic layers periodically becomes ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic. The above model is used to consider giant magnetoresistance effect.


Abstract The Uncertain Profession: Harvard and the Search for Educational Authority by Arthur G. Powell, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 341 pages, $18.50.


Introduction: Neonatal screening for critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) aids in identifying infants for whom early diagnosis and therapy are beneficial. Objective: To study utilisation of pulse oximetry in term and late preterm neonates for early diagnosis of CCHD. Method: This prospective study was conducted in newborns in the Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Education and Research Hospital, Turkey from December 2012 to August 2013. Pre-ductal and post-ductal pulse oximetry was carried out on all neonates between 24-72 hours of age. Screening was considered to be positive when the oxygen saturation level was ≤ 95% or if the pre-ductal and post-ductal saturations, taken after 3 hours from the initial measurements, differed by more than 3%. Results: There were 971 (97%) babies with negative screening and 29 (3%) babies with positive screening. The sensitivity was 93%, specificity 99%, positive predictive value 81% and negative predictive value 99%. Conclusions: Pulse oximetry screening in term and late preterm neonates is effective for early diagnosis of CCHD. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/sljch.v48i4.8823 (


We demonstrate the possibility of optically inducing the resolution of a racemic mixture of molecules. We thus measured an optical induction of optical rotation. For this, we used an all optical method based on a pump (Ar-488 nm) - probe (He-Ne-632 nm) experiment exciting a thin layer of a new chiral photoisomerizable chromophore in a PMMA matrix.


We calculate the pion-deuteron 2/sup +/ dibaryon vertex function and the influence on ..pi..d elastic scattering of a strong baryon-baryon interaction in the intermediate state. The general results of our investigation are the following. Near the ..delta..N threshold, the contribution to the ..pi..d B/sub 2/ vertex function is largely dominated by the ..delta..N intermediate state. The vertex function falls off rapidly for energies above the ..delta..N threshold. The coupling of a possible 2/sup +/ dibaryon resonance at 2.15 GeV to the ..pi..d system occurs mainly in an l = 1 wave. We evaluate the contributions to ..pi..d helicity scattering amplitudes due to explicit ..delta..N interaction in the intermediate state.


Most of the rare metal mineralisation in highly differentiated facies of zoned granites or in syngenetic pegmatite dykes results from advanced fractional crystallization. The role of the granites as a direct metal source is in these cases mostly well demonstrated. However, the direct involvement of granites as a metal source for peribatholitic metasediment-hosted vein systems has been more strongly debated due to extensive fluid-rock interaction at the deposit site, and overprinting potential magmatic fluid signatures. In addition, ambiguous temporal or geochemical correlations with granitoid rocks in the field obscure the potential magmatic-hydrothermal origin of these vein deposits. This study focuses on the metal source of metasediment-hosted tungsten vein deposits in Rwanda, which are regionally associated with peraluminous granites and pegmatites. Ar-40-Ar-39 of vein muscovite, the enrichment of granitophile elements in vein muscovite and the existence of an exsolved, aqueous tungsten-rich fluid during granite-pegmatite differentiation, let us conclude that the tungsten mineralising fluids originate from geochemically specialised granites in Rwanda. Strong water-rock interactions have subsequently overprinted this original signal and gave rise to the complex fluid chemistry of the present vein system.


Literature together with cinema, theater, documentary, and music, is a useful instrument for teaching and learning – both guided and autonomous – of a foreign language. In this paper we present a didactic proposal addressed to students of Spanish as a Foreign Language (SFL) of level C1 of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). Didactic intervention starts from the exploitation of some fragments of El Caballo Rojo, a novel published by Concha Alos in 1966. Likewise, this work is part of the recovery of texts forgotten by the canon and the vindication of an author absent from the History of recent Spanish Literature. In this way, the first part of the article reflects on the limitations of the literary corpus in relation to what is called literature written by women. In the second part, a didactic intervention for a SFL classroom will be articulated and developed.


The use of a breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the evaluation of cancer is increasing. The absolute contraindications for MRI are well known. Lesser know are the thermal injuries or burns caused by MRI. During a recent breast MRI of a patient with an ulcerated locally advanced breast cancer we did a remarkable observation. Almost directly from the start of the MRI the patient felt a slowly increasing excitation in the left breast together with a warm feeling. Within a few minutes she had the feeling that her left breast was burning. The MRI was stopped and the burning sensation diminished. The MRI was cancelled and no direct cause was found. It was only the next day during the ward round when inspecting her wound that we realized that the zinc oxide ointment, which was used for her wound care, was the likely course of her burning.


The present invention discloses an optical pickup and an optical disc apparatus using the same. The optical pickup includes first and second objective lenses; a first raising optical element that reflects an optical beam from a first direction within a plane substantially orthogonal to an optical axis of the first objective lens, thereby the optical beam being incident on the first objective lens; and a second raising optical element that reflects an optical beam from a second direction at an angle to the first direction within a plane substantially orthogonal to the optical axis of the second objective lens, thereby the optical beam being incident on the second objective lens. At least one lateral surface of at least one of the first and second raising optical elements is at an angle of 90 degrees or smaller to a reflection surface thereof. The lateral surface of the one raising optical element is arranged to face a lateral surface of the other raising optical element.


The aim of the research was to study the action of course of inhalation of nitric oxide (NO) on some parameters of energy metabolism in the blood of healthy rats. It was formed 2 groups of animals: control group (n=10), including animals, which did not perform any manipulations; and the main group (n=10), animals of which received inhalation of air gas mixtures containing NO (concentration 20 ppm). In plasma and erythrocytes of animals, the activity of lactate dehydrogenase, lactate level were determined, the derived coefficients of the energy metabolism were calculated. It is established that the course of inhalation of low concentrations of NO (20 ppm) activates intermediate link of energy metabolism.


The potentially complex association between a longitudinal biomarker and a time-to-event process, often called survival process, is of large interest in various biomedical domains. Joint models of longitudinal and survival data are a tool of growing popularity for this analysis and can potentially enable new insights into the disease progression of type 1 diabetes (T1D), the motivating application of the presented work.

T1D, one of the most common chronic diseases in childhood, is marked by the lifelong need of insulin substitution. A preclinical period of the disease can be diagnosed by the emergence of the T1D-specific autoantibodies which can potentially also serve as longitudinal biomarkers to explain the high variability in the time to clinical T1D.
The analysis of longitudinal biomarkers and survival processes is complicated by observing the longitudinal marker at discrete time points, subject to measurement error, and informatively censored at the occurrence of an event. Joint models allow an unbiased analysis of this data by estimating a longitudinal and a survival submodel within a joint likelihood function. Previously developed joint models, however, lack the flexibility to capture the highly nonlinear individual T1D-biomarker trajectories and a potentially time-varying association between the marker and the onset of clinical symptoms of T1D. In order to provide additional insights into the complex relationship between longitudinal biomarkers and survival processes a flexible Bayesian joint model framework is developed. By formulating the model using structured additive predictors, a variety of effects can be incorporated, such as smooth nonlinear, time-varying and random effects, thereby allowing flexibility beyond established joint model implementations. The adoption of a Bayesian framework enables a stable estimation of this complex model, especially regarding potentially high-dimensional random effect structures. The resulting flexibility is used to explore the association between highly heterogeneous autoantibody profiles and the progression to T1D in two different diabetes risk cohorts. This framework is further generalized by incorporating nonlinear association structures between the longitudinal and the survival process. The extension allows to assess the usually unchecked assumption of linearity between the marker and the log-hazard of a survival process as illustrated in the analysis of biomedical data on a rare fatal liver disease. To facilitate its application the flexible Bayesian joint model is implemented in the R package bamlss and an introduction to its usage is given.

The newly developed additive joint model offers flexibility in modeling longitudinal biomarkers and complex associations structures beyond established joint model approaches, thereby allowing new insights into the time-varying association between T1D-specific autoantibodies and the onset of clinical symptoms.


A series appropriate Pulse Repetition Interval(PRI)must be choosed to gain max non-illegibility distance and max non-illegibility velocity in PD radar.The restrict factors to max non-illegibility distance and max non-illegibility velocity of PD radar are discussed in theory and the method to the optimization choice of Pulse Repetition Interval is researched.The research result indicates that the best PRI is 31.6μs for X band radar of 3 kHz bandwidth,3 μs PW.The best PRI may approximate this value when PRI must be changed between several values to detective target and avoid distance illegibility.


The forty-five chemists, physicists, biologists, architects, engineers, staff, and students of the Indoor Environment Program are all working to solve the problems of indoor air quality, health, comfort, and energy use associated with the indoor environment. A common thread throughout this work is the importance of ventilation--both for its role in supporting human health and comfort as well as for its liability in requiring large amounts of energy to heat and cool it. The importance of understanding these interactions can be illustrated by two examples: the health and productivity of workers (Fisk and Rosenfeld, 1996) and the performance of sensitive equipment in clean room environments (Faulkner, et d., 1996). During the past year, we estimated the magnitudes of health and productivity gains that may be obtained by providing better indoor environments. The ratio of the potential financial benefits of improving indoor environments to the costs of the improvements ranges between 20 and 50. A second example is from our Clean Room Energy Efficiency Study: Clean rooms utilize large amounts of electricity to operate fans that recirculate air at very high flow rates through particle filters. Usually, the fans operate continuously at full speed, even when the clean room is unused. To reduce the energy use in a research clean room, the rate of air recirculation was controlled in response to real-time measurements of particle concentration. With this new control system, fan energy use decreased by 65% to 85% while maintaining particle concentrations below the allowable limits except during occasional one-minute periods. The estimated payback period for this technology is one to four years.


The aim of the research is the study of the regularity of the phenotypic manifestation of the level of chromosome aberrations and of the transcriptional activity of chromosomes' kernel-forming areas on the example of arterial hypertension development. The obtained results proved the influence of the activity of the kernel-forming chromosomes' areas and the formation of chromosome aberrations on the development of the arterial hypertension in people.It was demonstrated for the first time that people with high transcriptional activity of chromosomes' kernel-forming areas have the lowest level of chromosome aberrations, which is explained by a high proliferative activity of this group and by a more intensive protein synthesis (including reparation proteins). The data on adaptive significance of chromatid chromosome destructions holding back the development of the arterial hypertension have been obtained. Thus, the interrelation between functional Ag-polymorphism and the level of chromosome aberrations during the development of arterial hypertension in people has been established, linear dependence being absent between these two characteristics.


This paper presents pre-processing methods to analyse interdependent system data that varies with time due to "external impacts". These "external impacts" can be self-made by management changes or can result from occurrences that have no connection to the system but still influence it. Using this method, the quality management can be enabled to reveal which external impacts worsened or improved the performance of the given system, can control the system flow and management course and - if needed - correct it before a lot of damage is done.


The relationship between our actions and their perceivable results is ruled by what we call the laws of nature. It is general understanding that our actions act upon real objects which react according to the laws of nature what then can be perceived. Virtual Reality Facilities (VRFs) simulate the action-perception relationship in a physically correct manner but whithout involving real objects or real events. Just the same do mathematical models of nature (physical theories). So it stands to reason that VRFs can be considered as analog models of nature. If a physical theory is false its predictions cannot be verified. If a VRF were false we would have strange and unusual perceptions as if different laws of nature would be valid. It is suggesting to say that we would fail to survive in nature when using a false mathematical as well as a false analog model. However, from the most elementary false VRF, Kohler's (1969) prismatic spectacles showing the entire world upside down, we know that we can get well used to this phenomenon without losing our moving competence. So, an analog model of nature can be useful even if it is not 'true'. What we need, therefore, is a theory on the useful interpretation of perceptions which is not based at their truthfulness. Such a theory first of all has to reply the question what criteria useful perceptions have to meet if not truthfulness. This, in turn, will provoke the question what the difference is between real and virtual reality, if 'real' cannot refere to the truthfulness of what we see. Such a theory on useful perceptions, once it is found, can be verified by means of appropriate VRF experiments, i.e. we can check which perceptual modifications are whitin our adaptive possibilities and which are not. It will be shown that the Theory of Cognitive Operators (TCO) (Diettrich, 2001) is a good candidate to solve this problem. We will deal with steady-state simulations of unusual visual patterns as well as with the simulation of high speed phenomena by means of a relativistic flight simulator. We will not consider dynamic effects due to time transformations t' = f(t). The final version appeared in Alexander Riegler, Markus F. Peschl, Karl Edlinger, Gunther Fleck & Walter Feigl (eds.) Virtual Reality. Cognitive Foundations, Technological Issues & Philosophical Implications. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 2001. http://www.univie.ac.at/cognition/books/virtual/


A miniaturized monolithic dual band filter is developed for dual mode portable telephones. By using a ceramic lamination technique, a 1 mm-thick 900 MHz filter and a 1.9 GHz filter are fabricated and stacked to be co-fired. The performance degradation due to the thickness and the dual band matching network are discussed. An experimental filter is constructed and shows very good performance.


Study of the perspective's mechanisms and the associated representing codes, based on italian style scenographies. First part : analyse of the differents use of perspective, and also why and how they have been employed in italian style stage settings. It explains both the closeness with painting and yhe permanently verified prior use by the painters. Second part : study of a specific mechanism, "the sight per the angle", first appeared in a theater by late xviith, and theorized by ferdinando galli bibiena in his 1735 treatise. This part proposes a translation of the third part of this treatise, dealing with the theater's perspective, and the "sight per the angle". The third part tries to explain the origins of the revolution, in all senses, witch come up "the sight per the angle". Resting on the first part analysis, the question was : could this infinite off-sight and this pull-back on the first role of the perspective be found in pictorials and architecturals representations of the xvii century ? the study of famous baroques artist's works shows that they wera radically opposed to the desorder appeared during the rinascimento concerning the term infinity proper meaning. This opposition has been concreted trought a double ellipse : lack of perspective for likelihood purpose and lake of conceivable representation for the transcendent. There can be found the origin of the off-sight infinity in a theater trought the use of the "sight per the angle" mechanism.


At an elite or professional level of field sport, competition places a significant level of physiological and mechanical stress upon the athlete, which can cause disruption to an athlete's internal homeostasis [1]. With respect to rugby union, physiological or mechanical stress comes in the form of collision-based periods of match play in addition to bouts of high intensity running and bouts of low intensity jogging/walking [2]. In order to prepare for the physical demands which competition places upon a player, it is essential that players engage in focused and deliberate activities to improve either technical abilities or physical abilities that underpin technical abilities [3]. Professional level club rugby union typically engages in these activities 1-2 times daily with training occurring on 3-4 days in the week with consecutive days typically scheduled for no more than two days concurrently at any given point in the week [4]


Using a modification of the Riddel slide culture technic and the Papanicolaou stain, permanent microslides were made of 25 different species of aerobic fungi. This method gives excellent differentiation of hyphae and spores while preserving growth patterns.


This paper presents a description of the Otis Weather Test Facility (WTF) and its capabilities for aviation weather-related studies and testing. The Otis WTF is located on the US Air National Guard Base (ANGB), Cape Cod, MA. The site is particularly well suited for visibility studies because of its climatology, which generally provides numerous opportunities for both allseason fog events and winter snowfall.


Many believe that the U.S. Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) is an overblown government bureaucracy with a mandate to suck all the money out of asphalt plant owners' pockets. This author disagrees with some of the heavy-handed tactics employed by the DEQ, but shares pictures he took in Russia, Guatemala, and Ecuador in the last 2 years while working on asphalt plants that convinced him we are far better off with the DEQ than we would be without it.


The purpose of this article is to present one and two-weight inequalities for bilinear multiplier operators in Dunkl setting with multiple Muckenhoupt weights. In order to do so, new results regarding Littlewood-Paley type theorems and weighted inequalities for multilinear Calder\'on-Zygmund operators in Dunkl setting are also proved.


The impressive results of prevention research in the last decade should be seen as only an initial demonstration phase of a research agenda that will require sustained support at national, state, and local levels. Future research will need to address problems of long-term follow-up, attention to mediators of program effectiveness, resources to adequately administer programs, and current neglect of state and local prevention infrastructures. Research on factors to facilitate program adoption and dissemination should receive greater emphasis and should appear earlier in the prevention intervention research cycle.


Article history: Received February 21, 2020 Accepted April 25, 2020 Available online November 5, 2020 This study was conducted to isolate and identify the chewing lice from some raptors in Basrah, Thi-Qar, and Missan provinces located in south of Iraq. Samples of birds were collected from January to December 2018. The survey was accomplished with a total of 87 raptors belonging to five species, sparrow hawk Accipiter nisus, marsh harrier Circus aeruginosus, lesser kestrel Falco naumani, kestrel Falco tinnuculus, and black kite Milvus migrans. Totally 58 of 87 birds were infested with chewing lice, the overall prevalence was 66.67%. Five chewing lice species were identified: Craspedorrhynchus platystomus, Degeeriella fulva, Degeeriella fusca, Degeeriella rufa, and Laemobothrion maximum. All these species were identified in Iraq for the first time. D. rufa was recorded the highest prevalence in all raptors with 28.74%, whereas C. platystomus was the lowest 10.34%. As for the prevalence of bird's species, the highest percentage was recorded in kestrels and black kite with 71.43%, while sparrow hawk was the lowest 53.85%. Some notes about ecology and occurrence of the chewing lice were reported.


We explore online inductive transfer learning, with a feature representation transfer from a radial basis function network formed of Gaussian mixture model hidden processing units to a direct, recurrent reinforcement learning agent. This agent is put to work in an experiment, trading the major spot market currency pairs, where we accurately account for transaction and funding costs. These sources of profit and loss, including the price trends that occur in the currency markets, are made available to the agent via a quadratic utility, who learns to target a position directly. We improve upon earlier work by targeting a risk position in an online transfer learning context. Our agent achieves an annualised portfolio information ratio of 0.52 with a compound return of 9.3%, net of execution and funding cost, over a 7-year test set; this is despite forcing the model to trade at the close of the trading day at 5 pm EST when trading costs are statistically the most expensive.


Spontaneous locomotor activity is a widely used evaluation method in safety pharmacology of central nerve system and investigation of neuroscience.Spontaneous locomotor activity test is an important method that can investigate several animals' species and their associated indexes of spontaneous locomotor activity;it can also provide parameters for several pharmacological objectives including safety pharmacology of central nerve system.The new developed equipments and methods have many merits.This paper reviews the progress of methodology of spontaneous locomotor activity test in rats,pigs and monkeys.


The Wizard of Oz and Boyz N the `Hood are the same story. The protagonists, Dorothy and Tre, are the same character. A critical examination of the literary and cultural similarities between The Wizard of Oz and Boyz N the `Hood will prove their mirror reflections. Yet, racial bias clouds this reflection and influences what moviegoers pay to see, how they perceive what they see, and what they choose as their favorite films. The theories and writings of three of the foremost authorities on the screenplay and the art of dramatic writing, Lajos Egri, Syd Field, and Robert McKee, demonstrate the connections between The Wizard of Oz and Boyz N the ` Hood. Respectively, the young protagonists, Dorothy and Tre, are both facing death while trying to survive and escape their dangerous environments. Absent of racism, an audience should be able to see similarity in character and accept any good story, well told.


Amorphous multilayer thin film a-C:H/a-Si:H was deposited by magnetron sputtering. X-ray diffraction and Auger electron spectroscopy measurements indicate very well the periodicity of the sample. The shift and broadening of the photoluminescence peak are interpreted in light of quantum size effect.


The research addresses a problem of online generation of control actions for electric power system dispatch control. The problem is solved using an unconventional approach to the state estimation.


This study investigates formation of endogamous and exogamous marriages among immigrants and their descendants in the UK. While there is a growing literature on various aspects of ethnic minorities' lives in Britain, their marriage patterns have been little studied and understood. Applying event-history analysis to retrospective data from the Understanding Society study the analysis shows, first, significant differences among immigrants and their descendants in the likelihood of marrying within and outside of their ethnic groups. While immigrants from European countries have relatively high exogamous marriage rates, South Asians exhibit a high likelihood of marrying a partner from their own ethnic group. Second, the descendants of immigrants have lower endogamous and higher exogamous marriage rates than their parents; however, for some ethnic groups, particularly for South Asians the differences across generations are small. Third, the exogamy rates are high among ethnic minority women and men with better English skills, individuals who are less religious and those who are older at first marriage. Fourth, highly-educated native British men have an elevated likelihood of forming an inter-ethnic marriage; exogamous marriages are also formed at later ages among the native men and women.


Introduction Androstenedione (A4) is an adrenal and gonadal steroid biomarker, useful in the assessment of children in whom steroidogenic disorders are suspected. The first key step in the evaluation of a diagnostic test resides on confident reference intervals (RI). The lack of updated A4-RI with current methods in pediatrics may mislead A4 results and limit its diagnosis accuracy. Aim To provide A4 reference ranges in healthy children. Methods Prospective, descriptive study. 283 children aged 4 days to 18 years were included. In children < 1 yr, A4 was measured directly in serum (NE-A4) and postorganic solvent extraction (E-A4) for the assessment of interfering steroids. The influence of chronological age (CA), gender, and Tanner stage (T) were investigated. Results In the neonatal period, E-A4 was significantly lower than NE-A4; boys had higher NE-A4; sexual dimorphism disappeared after extraction procedure. In children older than 4 months, A4 concentration remained low until the age of 5 years. Thereafter, A4 increased significantly in association with CA and T (r2 = 0.65; p < 0.001), obtaining the highest concentrations in children within pubertal ages without sexual dimorphism. Conclusion We recommend to perform solvent extraction in neonates and to take into account age and sexual development to properly interpret A4 results in childhood.


The current study was aimed to determine the physico-chemical characteristics from the seawaters of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, during one year seasonal (post-monsoon, summer, pre-monsoon and monsoon) survey from January to December 2016 at six different sampling stations viz . Carbines Cove beach (CC), Burmenalla beach (BB), Hadoo Wharf harbor (HW), Pigeon Island (PI), Bquarry beach (BQB) and Campbell Bay (CB). Surface water temperature, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, nitrite (NO 2 ), nitrate (NO 3 ), total nitrogen (TN), inorganic phosphate (IP), total phosphate (TP) and silicate (SiO 3 ) were recorded. The physico-chemical parameters were tested by means of multivariate statistical methods including Pearson's correlation, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Cluster Analysis (CA) and Multidimensional Scaling (MDS). PCA revealed that 60.38% of variations in physico-chemical characteristics of all the six sampling stations. It showed a high degree of positive correlation with surface water temperature, salinity, DO, nitrite, nitrate and inorganic phosphate. A moderate degree of positive correlation with total phosphate in all the four seasons. CA produced a dendrogram assemblage of the study sites into four groups that exhibited maximum similarity of 99.3 % which has anthropogenic influence. The acquired results are significant to the mentioned conditions for virtual study with other parallel ecosystem in the area.


39 Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is among the leading causes of cancer related 40 death. Despite extensive efforts in identifying valid cancer prognostic biomarkers, only a very 41 small number of markers have been identified. Several genetic variants in the 9p21 region have 42 been identified that are associated with the risk of multiple cancers. Here, we explored the 43 association of two genetic variants in the 9p21 region, CDKN2A/B, rs10811661 and rs1333049 44 for the first time in 273 subjects with, or without ESCC. We observed that patients with ESCC 45 had a higher frequency of a TT genotype for rs10811661 than individuals in the control group, 46 and this polymorphism was also associated with tumor size. Moreover, a CC genotype for the 47 rs1333049 polymorphism was associated with a reduced OS of patients with ESCC. In 48 particular, patients with a CC (rs1333049) genotype had a significantly shorter OS (CC 49 genotype: 34.5±8.9 months vs. CG+GG: 47.7±5.9 months; p value= 0.03). We have also shown 50 the association of a novel genetic variant in CDKN2B gene with clinical outcome of ESCC 51 patients. Further investigations are warranted in a larger population to explore the value of 52 emerging markers as a risk stratification marker in ESCC. 53 54 Key word: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, risk marker, CDKN2A/B, polymorphism 55 56 57 Introduction 58 Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the eighth most prevalent cancer globally and 59 the sixth most common cause of mortality because it is highly aggressive with poor survival rate 60 (1)(2, 3). Thus, identification of prognostic and predictive biomarkers that can provide an index 61 of risk of developing ESCC, or help in management of patients at high risk, is warranted. It has 62 been reported that genetic polymorphisms of specific genes may be involved in esophageal 63 carcinogenesis (4). Several genes may contributed to ESCC, such as genes involved in folate 64 metabolism (5), carcinogen metabolism, DNA repair (6) and cell cycle control and oncogenes 65 (7). The molecular mechanisms underlying the development of ESCC remained unclear. 66 Recent genome-wide association studies have illustrated that genetics variants in a region located 67 on chromosome 9p21.3 are associated with multiple cancers (8). Three genes are located in this 68 region, including cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors CDKN2A CDKN2B and antisense 69 noncoding RNA in the INK4 locus (ANRIL), which have been reported to be an important 70 susceptibility locus for various diseases (8). The expression of the CDKN2B-CDKN2A and 71 ANRIL genes are co-regulated (9). This locus has been associated with increased risk of 72 cardiovascular disease and developing several cancers (8). It has been shown that these two 73 genes are abnormally expressed in gastric cancer and ESCC (8)(10). Several factors can 74 influence the levels of CDKN2B and CDKN2A gene expression, including deletion, 75 amplification and genetic variants. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to examine the 76 associations of 2 genetic variants, rs10811661 and rs1333049 in CDKN2A/B loci with clinical 77 outcomes of ESCC patients. 78 Materials and Methods 79


The impact of anode buffer layers (ABLs) on the performance of CdSe quantum-dot light-emitting diodes (QLED) with a ZnO nanoparticle (NP) electron-transport layer and 4,4′-cyclohexylidenebis[N,N-bis(4-methylphenyl)benzenamine] (TAPC) hole-transport layer was studied. Either MoO3 or 1,4,5,8,9,11-hexaazatriphenylene hexacarbonitrile (HAT-CN) was used as the ABL. The QLED with a HAT-CN ABL exhibited better luminance performance, while the ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy and hole-only devices indicated that MoO3 was a superior hole injector. These results suggest that the QLED with a MoO3 ABL suffered from a severe charge carrier imbalance. Therefore, electron injection through the ZnO NP layer must be improved to further enhance the QLED performance.


The gliding trajectory equation of projectiles and rockets are established by analysis of gliding theory of gliding extended range projectile.The function fitting of angle of attack in case of optimal trajectory is obtained by using Matlab software,and the variation curve of attack versus time optimization of gliding trajectory.In this paper,the simulation calculation of trajectory optimization for a certain type of gliding extended range projectile is proceeded and is compared with the ideal gliding straight line.The result shows that the extended range effect is obvious,and it offers a reference for gliding trajectory design of projectiles and rockets.


Glycopeptides that mimic the action of oligosaccharides have been rapidly identified through the implementation of combinatorial library methodology combined with a novel, easy, screening and analysis method. A glycopeptide library containing three different glycosyl amino building blocks, Fmoc-Asn(β-Ac3GlcNAc)-OPfp (5), Fmoc-Thr(α-Ac4Man)-OPfp (6), and Fmoc-Thr[α-Ac4Man(1→3)α-2-O-Bz-4,6-Ac2Man]-OPfp (7), was synthesized by the portion-mixing method on PEGA solid support. The library was designed to facilitate rapid and unambiguous analysis of the active glycopeptides detected during the high throughput-screening step. Consequently, the library was synthesized using the ladder synthesis approach and linked to the solid support via a photolabile linker. The glycosyl amino acids were labeled with carboxylic acid tags to allow unambiguous identification of the glycan moiety. Photolytic release of active glycopeptide from the resin was induced by irradiation of the bead with the MALDI-TOF-MS laser, and analys...


OECD countries, in particular the European countries within the OECD, will face major demographic challenges in the not-too-distant future: Age-related public expenditures will increase dramatically due to (a) the strong inflow into retirement when the large baby-boom cohorts reach pension age, (b) the steadily growing life expectancy, and (c) the well-documented decline in the age at which people exit from the labour force. Together with the observed trend towards delayed entry into the labour market, this implies a sharp decline in the length of working life and in its duration relative to the retirement period. Together with declining and now comparatively low fertility rates, this leads to a shrinking active labour population (in absolute terms as well as relative to the number of retirees) which cannot be fully compensated by migration.


Generally, the key issues of 2D LiDAR-based simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) for indoor application include data association (DA) and closed-loop detection. Particularly, a low-texture environment, which refers to no obvious changes between two consecutive scanning outputs, with moving objects existing in the environment will bring great challenges on DA and the closed-loop detection, and the accuracy and consistency of SLAM may be badly affected. There is not much literature that addresses this issue. In this paper, a mapping strategy is firstly exploited to improve the performance of the 2D SLAM in dynamic environments. Secondly, a fusion method which combines the IMU sensor with a 2D LiDAR, based on framework of extended Kalman Filter (EKF), is proposed to enhance the performance under low-texture environments. In the front-end of the proposed SLAM method, initial motion estimation is obtained from the output of EKF, and it can be taken as the initial pose for the scan matching problem. Then the scan matching problem can be optimized by the Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) algorithm. For the back-end optimization, a sparse pose adjustment (SPA) method is employed. To improve the accuracy, the grid map is updated with the bicubic interpolation method for derivative computing. With the improvements both in the DA process and the back-end optimization stage, the accuracy and consistency of SLAM results in low-texture environments is enhanced. Qualitative and quantitative experiments with open-loop and closed-loop cases have been conducted and the results are analyzed, confirming that the proposed method is effective in low-texture and dynamic indoor environments.


This study focuses on the basic relationships between nanohardness, residual stress, and micro/nanostructure of precision machined surfaces of high carbon steels. A series of nanoindentation tests were conducted on the cross-sections of the precision machined surfaces with ultrafine-grains or nanostructures. It was found that the nanostructured white layer significantly increases nanohardness, while the ultrafine-grained layer only slightly increases surface hardness. Residual stress affects the load-displacement curve shape at the onset of material yielding. Nanostructure makes a significant difference on the characteristics of a load-displacement curve, while ultrafine-grained structure exerts a slight influence. The influence of residual stress on the load-displacement curve can be estimated by finite element simulation of a nanoindentation. The simulation sensitivity analysis shows that the load-displacement curves are significantly affected by residual stress.Copyright © 2008 by ASME


I am indebted to Dr. W. H. Watson, M.C., whose long experience in the tropics enables him to speak with authority, for the paragraphs embodied. This is not written as a treatise on yaws, but is a generalization of my observations, and it occurred to me that it might be of interest to officers of the Corps serving in parts of the world where the conditions mentioned occur. My experience covers a matter of only ten months with about 1,200 cases.


OBJECTIVES
A survey was conducted to estimate the prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics in Jordan and evaluate the factors associated with antibiotic misuse.

METHODS
Validated questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample of 1943 households (9281 persons) selected from among different cities in Jordan.

RESULTS
842 (39.5%) of 2133 antibiotic users identified via the survey had used antibiotics without a prescription within a one-month study period. Self-medication with antibiotics was found to be significantly associated with age, income, and level of education. The main reason for self-medication as reported by the participants was their previous experience on the efficacy of treatment. The main sources of antibiotics were the previously prescribed pharmaceuticals stored in the household and those purchased in pharmacies.

CONCLUSION
The prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics in Jordan is alarmingly high. Given the growing global resistance to antibiotics and the documented health problems related to their inappropriate use, our findings may have major public health policy implications in Jordan.


Objective: To investigate the effect of Yumixu Decoction on patients with early DN.Methods:62 patients of diabetes mellitus with micralbuminuria were divided into two groups,one was treated with routine methods as control,the other was added Yumixu Decoction for three monthes.Results: Before and after treatment,micralbuminuria excretion rate as well as serum creatinine and Ccr were measured.The micralbuminuria excretion rate was deceased significantly in patients with treatment of Yumixu Decoction(176.91±103.82 vs 99.38±57.48,P0.05),while Scr and Ccr have no statistic changes,P0.05.Conclusion:Yumixu Decoction can significantly improve the renal function.


The diclofenac sodium shows poor aqueous solubility and oral administration causes irritation of gastro intestinal tract, lack of bioavailability. The aim was to investigate the potential of diclofenac loaded solid dispersion based gel for topical delivery in order to improve the solubility, thereby increasing the bioavailability of drug. This alternate topical route eliminates oral side effects, increases patient compliance, avoids high first pass metabolism and maintains the plasma drug level for a longer period of time. Solid dispersion incorporated diclofenac gel are thermodynamically stable. The solid dispersions are prepared by kneading method (β cyclodextrin) and solvent evaporation technique (PVP), followed by being incorporated into Carbopol 934 and HPMC based gel matrix to form solid dispersion incorporated diclofenac solid dispersion incorporated tropical gel. Among the solid dispersion, formulation which showed highest release was selected to incorporate with Carbopol 934 and HPMC base to form gel. On the basis of swelling index invitro release studies, spreadability, viscosity, homogenization, saturation solubility study, we selected FG1 formulation which contained the combination of Diclofenac sodium, βcyclodextrin solid dispersion incorporated, carbopol 934 Gel for the use of invitro and in vivo studies. The optimized gel (FG1) was taken for their invitro skin permeation study, in vivo anti-inflammatory, effects and skin irritation study. The invitro and in vivo study for optimized diclofenac solid dispersion incorporated gel FG1 were compared with Marketed gel, revealed a significant increase in skin permeation profile and anti-inflammatory effects for optimized gel. The percent inhibition value of optimized gel after 12 hours of administration was found to be 5.22% as compared with 5.41% for Marketed gel. From invitro and in vivo data it can be concluded that optimized carbopol gel containing diclofenac solid dispersin have great potential for topical delivery.


Protein-energy wasting, including muscle atrophy, is one of the most frequently reported problems in patients undergoing hemodialysis. A decline in muscle mass leads to limitation and worsening of physical function and is associated with frailty, disability, and decreased survival. Modified creatinine index was used as a marker of lean body mass. Additionally, a longitudinal study revealed that a decrease in the modified creatinine index over time was independently associated with an increased risk of death in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Moreover, the prevalence of diabetes is high among patients undergoing hemodialysis. Diabetes not only leads to reduced skeletal muscle mass but is also a risk factor for cardiovascular events and death among patients undergoing hemodialysis. The relationship between modified creatinine index and mortality can be altered by the presence of diabetes; however, the effect of diabetes on this relationship among patients undergoing hemodialysis is unclear. This study aimed to examine the association between muscle mass and all-cause mortality in the presence or absence of diabetes, which is highly prevalent in hemodialysis patients.

 We included 361 outpatients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis treatment in 2013–2021 (mean age, 66.3±12.0 years; 61.0% males). Baseline was defined as the date of the first laboratory data and the modified creatinine index measurements, and participants were followed up from baseline to the date of the event (all-cause death, transfer, or end date of study follow-up [May 2021]). Modified creatinine index was calculated using age, sex, predialysis serum creatinine level, and single-pool Kt/V for urea. The primary outcome was death due to any cause. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to examine the association between the modified creatinine index and all-cause mortality. The dose–response association between the modified creatinine index and all-cause death was modeled using a restricted cubic spline model.

 A significant interaction was found between the presence of diabetes and modified creatinine index (p = 0.04). In the non-diabetic group, a lower modified creatinine index was associated with a higher risk of all-cause death (hazard ratio [HR], 1.33; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.09–1.63), whereas no significant association between modified creatinine index and all-cause death was observed in the diabetic group (HR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.83–1.20).

 The modified creatinine index was more strongly associated with all-cause mortality in the nondiabetic group than in the diabetic group. The modified creatinine index is a useful tool for the nondiabetic group, and these results may provide useful information for examining the relationship between skeletal muscle mass and prognosis in patients undergoing hemodialysis.


Co–Cr thin films with a Ge layer between the basefilm and Co–Cr film have been fabricated at a high deposition rate using a continuous roll coater. The effects of the Ge layer and deposition conditions on the magnetic properties and microstructures have been investigated. It is concluded that the Ge layer is remarkably effective in improving the preferred c-axis orientation and magnetic properties, even though the Co–Cr films are fabricated at an extremely high deposition rate. In addition, the tilting angle of the c-axis from the normal of the film plane, which is caused by the oblique incident of the vapor, is affected by the deposition temperature and rate as well as the incident direction of the vapor.


This is a feature article looking at Landscape Character Assessment from a European perspective. It explains the draft guidelines for Landscape Character Assessment in Ireland, with reference and comparison to the existing UK
guidelines published in 2002 by the Countryside Agency and Scottish Natural Heritage. The paper covers the uses and users of Irish LCA, its history in Ireland and its current status.


Summary. The purpose of the work was to examine the impact of microwave radiation on formation of potato tuber parenchyma defects (inhomogeneity, discolourations, glassiness, rusty dark spots and hollow hearts). Research, which was carried out in 2008-2010 included very early potato cultivars: Felka Bona, Rosara, Velox and Lord. A device operating with the power of 100 W, generating microwave radiation of 2.45 GHz frequency was used in the experiment. The research results within radiation times accepted for the experiment, do not prove a significant influence of microwaves on formation of the mentioned internal potato tuber defects.


The control of activated sludge treatment plants depends on on-line and laboratory measurements. Even though the behavior of activated sludge is basically known, long lags and the complex characteristic of biological activity set a challenge for controlling the process. In this paper MultiLayer Perceptron (MLP) neural network is applied for modelling Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) concentration, which is one of the most important parameter of the activated sludge process. A data set of the process, extracted from databases of the pulp mill, was used for training neural networks, which could be used for forecasting the COD concentration of effluent. The results of validation show that the forecasting of COD concentration using the MLP models is good one day and at least moderate two days ahead. Therefore the results indicate that the MLP method can also be efficiently applied to the analysis of the activated sludge treatment process and so towards better process control.


AbstractBecause of its great length, one subway terminal excavation in Shanghai, China, was divided into two pits for sequential construction. Although it featured an adequate earth-supporting syst...


Abstract In this paper some results of technical proposal development for a 14 MeV energy neutron source based on a gas-dynamic trap concept are presented. The structural scheme and the dimensions of experimental areas, intended mainly for irradiation of the testing material samples and structural components of a fusion reactor, are given. Ensuring the required service life of equipment is one of the main engineering problems of the neutron source creation.


Safe and economical storage of tailings is now a major consideration in the operation of many mining operations. Tailings in slurried form, particularly if they have a significant clay content, can take a very long time to consolidate under the action of self-weight consolidation alone. However, if the operation is located in an area of high potential evaporation, this can be used to accelerate the rate of tailings densification. This paper presents a study of the evaporation behavior of a clayey tailings slurry deposited into an evaporation pond in the southwest of Western Australia. Over a six-month period, the rate of evaporation from the tailings surface was monitored using the Bowen Ratio method and the microlysimeter method. This was compared with the evaporation from a Class A pan located nearby. The tailings underwent very significant cracking as drying proceeded, and it was found that these cracks had a significant influence on the overall rate of evaporation once the top surface of the deposit started to desaturate. A large strain consolidation model was used to model the behavior, and the algorithm used in this model to include the effects of evaporation is shown to provide a reasonable prediction of the observed evaporation behavior.


The interferences often appear in partial discharge detection. Many methods have been developed to suppress interference. In order to decrease the influence of background signal on the frequency-domain analysis and to observe the characteristic peaks of the measured signal easier, we have studied some simple practical methods to suppress the background signals in ultra-wideband partial discharge detection. Sampled signals include discharge background noise, so a method to extract the discharge signal for frequency spectrum analysis was designed. And a D-value Method is also designed to process the signal data before and after discharge respectively. After data processing, a frequency spectrum of the discharge signal is available. It is obvious in practical use that these methods can suppress background interference effectively.


An investigation was carried out on the effect of some amino acids on the growth and production of Lglutamic acid by a mutant Micrococcus glutamicus AB100 using selected suitable synthetic medium. It was observed that among different amino acids studied, l-alanine, l-arginine, l-threonine, l-tryptophan, l-proline and l-hitidine had positive effect; l-leucine, l-valine, l-phenylalanine, l-serine, l-methionine, l-lysine, l-glycine, lcystine and l-asparagine had no effect, where as l-glutamic acid had negative effect on growth and l-glutamic acid production. maximum growth and l-glutamic acid was obtained with l-alanine, 0.3 mg/ml; l-arginine, 0.5 mg/ml; l-threonine, 0.3 mg/ml; l-tryptophan, 0.5 mg/ml; l-proline 0.75 mg/ml; and l-hitidine, 0.75 mg/ml. [


Income Per kapita is an important benchmark for natural development of the regional economy and the success of regional development and as a determinant of further development policy. This study aims to determine the effect of industrial investment, the number of industries and industrial workers on income participation. This study uses panel data with the Generalizad Least Square (GLS) Model, the relationship between the dependent and independent variables can be explained by 57 percent in the estimation model and the remaining 43 percent is explained outside the estimation model. The results show that equal distribution of income with industrial sector investment, the number of industries and personnel are significantly positive while the industrial workforce is negative and significantly significant when tested together with the F-count value of 23.44882> F-table 3.17 and the probability of 0 , 0000 with the largest T-statistic in the variable number of industries amounting to 6.456369, with a t-table of 1.67412. The coefficient of determination R-Square is 57%, while 43% is explained in other variables that are not in the selected model.


Unlike many other forms of disciplinary action taken by the school, however, parents and students are less likely to accept the consequences of a successful search because drug possession may constitute a felony leading to incarceration. Even though the school's intent may not be to pursue criminal charges, parents often threaten legal action to avoid having their child stigmatized as being involved with drugs.


The presented results refer to the study and evaluation of the development of the new selection varieties according to the ecological conditions of the periphery of the Central Codrii. The aim of the research was: highlighting the course of vegetation phases in the newly selected vine varieties, the newly created vine varieties were highlighted with different longevity of the vegetation period from budding to full maturation, which ranged from 132 days ('Aperen Roz') up to 195 days ('Fetească albă') and allows to extend the period of current consumption and industrial processing; studying the peculiarities of the growth of shoots and the development of vine leaves of new selection varieties; determination of the productive potential of the varieties of vines of new selection in the ecological conditions of the periphery of the Central Codrii, the productive potential of the last and new generation varieties, which was characterized by the average values at one log 4.05.1 kg for the apyrenic and 4 varieties, 6-4,7 kg per stem for the varieties 'Moldova', 'Fetească albă' and others. A special role in solving the problems of increasing the effi ciency of the wine complex and consolidating the national economy belongs to the category of wines with designation of origin by place of growth. Solving these problems is impossible without a competent assessment of the ecological and productive potential of each territory (micro-district, wine center and other areas), without developing new methods of effi cient use of natural resources, while maintaining the ecological balance and purity of the environment ambient.


In the suburbs of Padua a necropolis was dug, dating back to VI-V cen. b.C. There were cremation and inhumation burials. The position of the inhumed is mainly supine, often irregular; but three individuals are prone, according to a typology previously known among Paleovenetians. The irregularities of burials could indicate hasty interments, reserved to people of low social level. Their funerary equipment is poor in comparison with that of cremated people, which represent the 80% of the bodies in the necropolis. The inhumed are 23-25; they are mostly adults, two of whom being senile. Statures are fairly high with respect to the average of that times, with a strong sexual dimorphism. The skulls are mainly mesocephalic, with one case of brachycephalie. They can be considered quite long and not low. Jaws are large and short in the average, but narrow at the angle level. The recurring morphological traits are not such as to put a specific endogamy in evidence. Besides typical aspects are: moderate eurybrachia; double curve in the ulnae, whose interosseous crests are feable; lack of metric pilaster in femurs; hyperplatymeria; high frequency of the hypotrocanteric formations; mesocnemia in the tibiae. This peculiar mix of archaic and modern traits can be observed in all the series of Northern Italy of that time. It is a transition process, already present in the II nd millennium, which characterizes the Italic peoples of the I st millennium b.C.


In this paper two integrated software concepts to support the planning process in the field of structural engineering as well as in the field of building physics engineering are introduced. An object-oriented approach is based for generation of product models and methods for the management of product models and the integration of specific software tools in computer network, are in corporate.


The classical cycle of observation, hypothesis formulation, experimentation, and falsification, which has driven scientific and technical progress since the scientific revolution, is lately becoming automated in all its separate components. Data gathering is conducted by high-throughput machinery. Models are automatically synthesized, at least in part, from data. Experiments are selected to maximize knowledge acquisition. Laboratory protocols are run under reproducible and auditable software control. However, integration between these automated components is lacking. Theories are not placed in the same formal context as the (coded) protocols that are supposed to test them: theories talk about changing quantities, while protocols talk about steps carried out by machines. Neither knows about the other, although they both try to describe the same process. The consequence is that often it is hard tell what happened when something fails: was it an error in the model, or an error in the protocol? In parameter inference, both may have unknown parameters that must be fit to data. When all those activities are automated, we need a way to answer those questions that is equally automated. We should ideally start from an integrated description from which we can extract both the model of a phenomenon, for possibly automated mathematical analysis, and the steps carried out to test it, for automated execution by lab equipment. This is essential to carry out automated model synthesis and falsification by taking into account uncertainties in the both model structure and in equipment tolerances.


An electric propulsion chemical tanker equipped with Contra-Rotating Propeller ( CRP ) was developed by IHI Marine United Inc. ( IHIMU ). An electric propulsion system, generally composed of diesel generators and electric motors, is apt to be less economical due to the energy loss, which arises in the electric components. To solve this problem, IHIMU adopted CRP and high efficiency hull form, both of which IHIMU has long-term experience of designing for larger vessels. As a consequence, about 5% fuel saving is expected. In spite of being a double hull tanker, this ship has as large cargo capacity as a conventional propulsion single hull tanker, thanks to smaller machinery space and reduced pump room.


The general physician is the most appropriate person to evaluate and treat patients presenting with the complaint of insomnia. However, there has recently been an overemphasis on the need for patients to be evaluated in sleep disorders clinics, particularly in their sleep laboratories. These sleep laboratory evaluations are expensive and time consuming, and often con tribute only minimally to the overall management of the insomniac patient. In fact, they may even detract from the comprehensive psychiatric, neuro logical, pharmacological, and general medical approac:h that is necessary for the effective management of insomnia. The primary goal of sleep disor ders clinics and their staff should be to supplement and enhance the general physician's ability to evaluate and treat patients with sleep disorders, partic ularly insomnia, the most common sleep disorder (1). This review is de signed to strengthen the physician's ability to more rationally and effectively evaluate and treat the condition of insomnia in his office practice. Thus, clinical and laboratory findings are presented, the causative factors of in somnia are defined, assessment guidelines are delineated, and appropriate treatment methods are reviewed.


Past studies about Kaizen have been inconclusive in clarifying the role of Kaizen implementation in organizations. The Kaizen literature indicates a mixed and ambiguous linkage between practices of Kaizen and organizational performance. Some case studies even reported that Kaizen has failed to accomplish the needed improvement in the organization. Some scholars reasoned that the mixed understanding of the Kaizen implementation could be due to the failure to consider the culture of the organization. Hence, this paper proposes that an innovation culture is developed as a result of Kaizen, leading to organizational performance. In developing the model, the paper is located within the context of police agencies/services where Kaizen implementation is limited. Keywords Kaizen, Organizational Performance, Innovation Culture


Objectives : The purpose of this study was to determine new assumptive value of one Bangchonbi of Jung-Kyung fomulae. Methods: Find out the Bangchonbi that the one spoon of Jangjunggyung period. and measured use Bangchonbi. And find out the new assumptive vaule. Results: 1) The 1 Bangchonbi is 2.0mL. 2) The 1 Bangchonbi of Banhasan is l.lg, Sayuksan is l.0g. Orungsan is 0.8g. 3) The 1 Bangchonbi of jeoksukji power is l.8g, munhabsan power is 2.5g. 4) The 1 Bangchonbi of moryutaeksasan is l.0g. 5) The 1 Bangchonbi of sogonsan is 0.19g. Conclusions : According to the results mentioned above, the assumptive value of 1 Bangchonbi is 2.0mL.