This study sought to describe student psychologists' experiences of their professional preparation activities in which they used reflective journals. The students (n =7; female = 71%, black = 86%) were enrolled in a masters training program in the clinical and the counselling psychology programmes at a reputable University in South Africa. Over a period of the ten months of their first academic year, they completed reflective journals on aspects of their professional practice preparation. The reflective journals were thematically analysed to depict how the students framed their experiences. Findings yielded four themes that defined the students' emerging professional identities: positive feelings about the profession, commitment to high standards of practice, concerns about high work loading, and a sense of learning community. Reflective practice capabilities appear important for early professional identity development from pre-service psychology practice education.


Serum prepared from the pooled plasma separatedby this method was administered intravenously to five patients. In three instancesthe dose was 1·2 Iitres. Two of these patients were suffering from severe burns and showedstriking clinical improvement;a third had general peritonitis with ileus, and though temporary improvement was observed, death resulted thirty-six hours later from a perforation of the stomach. A patient who was suffering severely from shock after bowel resection for mesenteric thrombosis was given a dose of 200 cubic centimetresof serum three times concentrated by the "Cellophane" tube method; the systolic blood pressurerose from 80 millimetres to 100 millimetres of mercury. A further 0·6 litre of unconcentratedserum caused the blood pressureto rise to 120 millimetres of mercury. Unfortunately the thrombosis spread into the portal vein, and death occurred next day. A patient suffering from a compound depressed fracture of the skull and profound shock, whose systolic blood pressure was 70 millimetres of mercury, was given 300 cubic . centimetres of twice concentratedserum (prepared by reconstitutionof the dry material), with gradual improvement. The patientwithstood operationnext day and made a good recovery. In none of these instances was any 'unfavourableimmediate reaction observed.


In this paper, we develop the work of Ghawi on close dual Rickart modules and discuss y-closed dual Rickart modules with some properties. Then, we prove that, if are y-closed simple -modues and if -y-closed is a dual Rickart module, then either Hom ( ) =0 or . Also, we study the direct sum of y-closed dual Rickart modules.


This paper presents a preliminary analysis of Offshore Floating Wind Turbine system subjected to coupled wind and wave loads in time domain. Floating Wind Turbine system in deep water has the great potential in exploiting renewable wind energy in the near future due to the energy and environmental issues. Distinct structural arrangements determine the complexity of motion behaviors and loading characteristics of OFWTs. The aerodynamic loads play a dominant part in the loading pattern, which is distinguished from traditional floating offshore oil and gas structures. To simulate the response induced by wind and wave, a calculation scheme is proposed containing the coupling between aerodynamics and hydrodynamics. Accordingly, a set of time-domain numerical codes is developed and presented. With the integrated aero and hydro dynamic analysis codes, simulations are conducted to obtain performance of Hywind system. Cases for decay, white noise, wind only and the coexistence of wind and wave are investigated. The results are compared to the test statistics collected from a model test, which was carried out in Deepwater Offshore Basin in Shanghai Jiao Tong University.Copyright © 2015 by ASME


Modeling dynamics in video images is crucial for many applications including generation of natural scenic images and construction of dynamic background models for object detection in non-stationary scenes. Dynamics in video images is categorized into two types: texture dynamics (i.e., the time variation of two-dimensional signals in a certain area) and region dynamics (i.e., the deformation or motion of the object that has its shape). Prior studies proposed various methods for modeling dynamic scene in video images by using either one of two dynamics. However, those methods have limitations in order to model the time variation of texture in a deforming region. In this paper, we propose a method to simultaneously model texture dynamics and region dynamics.


Information and communication technologies are ever more present in our lives. Considerations about daily, emotional and contextual issues have been necessary in the HCI agenda for a design that is suitable for contemporary devices and uses, and also for an increasingly diversified audience. Based on an analysis of titles found in the full program of two major conferences in the field of HCI (ACM CHI and IFIP Interact), this work intends to identify the main focuses of the contributions over the last few years. Results of analysis based on tag cloud representations and comparison of collected data are presented and discussed; they reveal gaps, similarities and differences between what has been discussed in those forums and the trends indicated by research references in the field.


Abstract Monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease (MIDD) is characterized by the deposition of monoclonal light and/or heavy chains within glomerular, tubular and vessel wall basement membranes. Three subtypes of MIDD have been described and they are subdivided according to the composition of monoclonal protein deposited. The most common form of MIDD is light chain deposition disease (LCDD), where either kappa or lambda light chains are deposited in tubular, glomerular and vessel wall basement membranes. Much less common than LCDD are heavy chain deposition disease (HCDD) and light and heavy chain deposition disease (LHCDD), which show basement membrane accumulation of a monoclonal immunoglobulin heavy chain, either with a corresponding monoclonal light chain (LHCDD) or without an accompanying light chain (HCDD). MIDD is relatively uncommon and occurs at approximately half the rate of amyloidosis. Roughly half of patients diagnosed with MIDD will have myeloma. Although MIDD can present as a multisystem disease, renal manifestations typically predominate. More than 83% of the patients reported with MIDD and kidney disease had renal insufficiency. Proteinuria is present in almost all patients with MIDD and in about 40%–50% of patients will have nephrotic range proteinuria. Optimal treatment for MIDD remains to be determined, but the use of proteasome inhibitors and autologous stem cell transplantation has shown encouraging results with regards to both hematologic remission and improvement in renal function.


Using density-matrix renormalization-group techniques, we have studied the ground states of the four-leg t-J ladder doped near half-filling. Depending upon J/t and the hole doping x, three characteristic types of ground states are found: (1) a state containing d{sub x{sup 2}{minus}y{sup 2}} pairs, (2) a striped charge-density wave (CDW) domain-wall state, and (3) a phase-separated regime. The CDW domain walls consist of fluctuating hole pairs and this state has significant d{sub x{sup 2}{minus}y{sup 2}} pair field correlations. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}


From the ancient Jecheon ritual to the current Korean Wave, Korean Pungryu Spiritual culture has expressed the mental and emotional feelings that the Korean people experience in unity with God, nature, and the community. In the process, Pungryu culture has inherently possessed the characteristics of Harmony, which seeks to connect the human community with God and nature, and deviation(Mut) and Shinmyoung(神明), which embody mental freedom and aesthetic value beyond the boundaries of harmony. In other words, Korean Pungryu culture has harmony, Mut, and Shinmyoung as its inherent characteristics and has formed the cultural differences that form the basis of Hallyu culture. This paper aims to identify the nature of Korean Pungryu Spiritual culture by exploring how Korean Pungryu Spiritual culture, with its inherent differences of Mut and Harmony, Shinmyoung and Han(恨), has been modified into artistic and behavioral characteristics.


The site-specific reaction with high efficiency and specificity to DNA or RNA has become of great interests, as such modification may have possibility to induce point mutation of a genetic code. The cross-linking reagents within complementary duplexes and triplexes are one of the tools for site-specific modification by forming covalently bond. However, the existing alkylating agents still need further improvement for application in either in vitro or in vivo study. Previously, we have designed a new cross-linking motif, 2-amino-6-vinylpurine(1), toward cytosine by expecting a proximity effect within the complex resembling a natural G-C pair. In this paper, we wish to describe the development of the novel cross-linking reagents based on the structure of 1.


In this paper, it's described the UV detected images on polymer insulators using UV camera. The patterns of UV detected images are classified into 3 types such as jellyfish (J), amoeba (A), sunflower(S). J type is detected by high electric field in air. A type is detected by early surface discharge. And, S type is detected by the serious problem in surface of insulator.


1 This paper was prepared for the 7th International KITLV Workshop on Indone sian Studies, held in Leiden on 14-18 December 1992. I would like to thank both the KITLV and the National Library of Indonesia for the support that made its preparation possible. 2 This rough figure, which includes some Old Javanese, \Tavano-B al??ese' and Balinese texts in addition to New Javanese manuscripts proper, was arrived at on the basis of the following estimates of holdings, arranged by collection: Dutch public collections, 7000; European public collections (other than Dutch), 800; Fakultas Sastra Universitas Indonesia, 2000; Kraton Yogyakarta, 750; Museum Negeri Nusa Tenggara Barat, 1000; Museum Negeri Sono Budoyo, 1300; Paku Alaman, 300; Perpustakaan Nasional Republik Indonesia (ex-Koninklijk Bata viaasch Genootschap), 4500; Surakarta public collections, 2000. Not included in these figures are the holdings of the major Balinese collections, and the thou sands of other vernacular documents, including letters, reports, and treaties, that are housed in Indonesian, Dutch and British archives. 3 A Javanese text is adequately catalogued for research purposes only if the description includes lists of first lines of cantos, as used by Brandes in his catalogues of the Van der Tuuk collection (1901-1926), and by Poerbatjaraka in his topical guides to selected portions of the former KBG collections (1940, 1950). Identification of textual versions, or redactions, is not possible in the ab sence of such lists, no matter how detailed the pr?cis, or what other particulars might be given. These observations apply only for poetic works, of course. The relatively small number of prose texts in the tradition make far more elusive philological targets than the poetic, and no cataloguing shortcuts exist to help establish redactional identities.


The whole process of calibration for the automatic soil moisture observation station in Ningxia was analyzed. The whole procedure of automatic soil moisture observation calibration was elaborated. The problems in several key stages of rectified and reformed environment of site station before calibrated,determination of basic parameters of soil,artificial contrast soil observation and operational verification were analyzed. Several countermeasures were put forward,which has a certain guidance reference for calibration of automatic soil moisture observation.


Objective To observe the diagnostic accuracy and the therapeutic effects of syndromic management of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis infections in sexually transmitted disease(STD).Methods Patients with syndromes of urethral discharge and vaginal discharge were selected and managed syndromically according to standard flowcharts.The etiology of the syndromes was detected by laboratory testing.Results A total of 624 patients(male 290 and female 334) was enrolled into the study.The sensitivity for N.gonorrhoeae and C.trachomatis infections by syndromic algorithm was 91.3%;the specificity was 45.2%;and the positive predictive value was 67.0%.In patients followed up,the cure rate and total responsive rate were 72.2% and 91.3%,respectively.The cure rate was significantly lower in women than that in men.Adverse reactions were occasionally seen during the treatment.Conclusion The treatment of patients with urethral discharge is highly effective and safe.For patients with vaginal discharge,syndromic treatment is relatively effective and not satisfied.Further study is needed to improve syndromic protocol for the management of vaginal discharge.


The development of drip irrigation under plastic film on cotton (DIUPFC) have experienced three phases of field experiment, demonstration and extension. The irrigation system was determined by a series of research results, including of the development of high yield culture system, the establishment of multiple pipe collocation models of drip irrigation, the study of evapotranspiration characteristic and the technology of drought diagnosis. And the application of fertilizer recommending system and irrigation autocontrol system improved the management of cotton production. The positive attitude of all departments effectively motivated the development of DIUPFC. Now, there are still a lot of problems to be solved. The laws and policies concerned to water saving should be established to encourage the development of DIUPFC, especially, the adjustment of water price, and to realize the unification of social, economic and ecological effects. The technologies of irrigation and fertilization of DIUPFC should be further studied so as to increase the use efficiency of water and fertilizers.


Granulation tissues from a group of severely burned children aged 1 mo to 16yr were obtained for study by transmission electron microscopy. Fine structural Characteristics were evaluated in the context of their possible significance to subsequent hypertrophic scarring. Microvessels often show the products of a thrombus. Some small vessels are occluded and are usually seen in the older granulations. Endothelial and perivascular satellite cells contain prominent amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum, few mitochondria but even less of other organelles. Around all vessels are multiple layers of basal lamina. Fibrin is found in all of the granulations from 13 days to 6½ mo postinjury. It is seen intraluminally and interstitially. Although in the younger granulations a few fibrin fragments appear "sticking" to occasional macrophages, neutrophils or fibroblasts there is no evidence of a massive clearance mechanism. Fibroblast type cells demonstrate morphology which may be predominantly vesicular, granular, or organeller. Myofibroblasts are abundant and virtually all exhibit microtendons. The significance of the persistent and pervasive fibrin in a deep injury to probable development of subsequent hypertrophic scarring may lie in promoting endothelial cell proliferation which would occlude the microvessels. Occlusion would then produce hypoxia which, in turn, would stimulate excessive, fibroblast proliferation and overproduction of collagen and certain mucopolysaccharides.


This paper presents a method which uses black white stripe to encode in single ring absolute encoder, breaks the encoding principle in the traditional grating signal process and overcomes the limitation of the grating encoder.


This report documents the proceedings of the "13th International HOV/HOT Systems Conference: Partnerships for Innovation." The Conference was held in Minneapolis, Minnesota on September 7-9, 2008. The proceedings summarize the presentations from the general session and the breakout sessions. The general sessions included presentations on the I-394 MnPASS High Occupancy Toll (HOT) lanes in Minnesota and the Minnesota Urban Partnership Agreement (UPA). A variety of topics were covered in the breakout sessions. Updates were provided on High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) and HOT projects in metropolitan areas throughout the country, planning studies underway, and the UPA and Congestion Reduction Demonstration projects.


China has announced the dual carbon targets in 2020, to achieve carbon peak before 2030 and neutralization by 2060. Many studies have forecasted the structures of China's energy as well as pathways and measures. Considering the characteristics of electric power system and the electrification development, this study proposed an assessment strategy to analyze the applicability of pathways to electric carbon peak in a region. Taking a certain region for an example, this paper comes up with two scenarios, high imported power and high nuclear capacity, by using the optimization model. Then, it compares these two pathways through evaluating the economic efficiency, reliability and security of power system, and carbon targets. Though lower cost per kWh of high nuclear scenario, taking into account the power system reliability and total carbon emission level, a high receiving ratio of power is a better choice for this certain region.


Despite Grewendorf's well-known German binding data with the double-object verb zeigen 'show', where one object reflexively binds the other and which suggests that the direct object (DO) is generated higher than the indirect object (IO), this paper argues for the canonical surface order of IO > DO as base order. We highlight the exceptional status of Grewendorf's examples, build on scope facts as well as a quantitative acceptability rating study, and exploit the fact that zeigen can also be used as inherently reflexive with idiomatic meaning. Appealing to the base configuration of the pieces of idiomatic expressions and considering different Spell-Out possibilities of coreferential objects in German, we show that the case, number, and gender underspecification of the anaphor sich poses a previously unnoticed problem for derivational approaches to binding.


sure gradient across the outflow tract of the left ventricle that is present at rest or after a variety of physicopharmacologic maneuvers. Less commonly, pressure differences are also detected within the right ventricle that were originally thought to represent infundibular obstruction.1, 2 More recently, it has been suggested that the high pressure area in the right ventricle is in its apex, and that there is no pressure gradient between the inflow and outflow tracts of this chamber.3 3


Abstract Patients with musculoskeletal disease may present for surgery for correction of deformities or as a result of complications. Special consideration needs to be given to safe handling of the airway and patient positioning. Coexisting disease must be sought, and the anaesthetic technique (general, regional local) planned. Management of acute pain, awareness of side-effects from concurrent drug therapy and an understanding of the indications for postoperative admission to ICU or HDU is also important. Patients with acute burns present many potential problems to the anaesthetist. Airway protection due to rapid swelling is an urgent priority. Massive loss of fluid necessitates fluid resuscitation; changes in physiology and pharmacokinetics need to be considered when planning further care. Limited availability of 'normal' skin will hinder attempts at venous access and the siting of monitoring equipment.


We propose a novel and efficient methodology for the detection of human pupils using face images acquired under controlled and difficult (large pose and illumination changes) conditions in variable spectra (i.e., visible, multi-spectral, and short wave infrared (SWIR)). The methodology is based on template matching, and is composed of an offline and an online mode. During the offline mode, band-dependent eye templates are generated for each eye from the face images of a pre-selected number of subjects. Using the eye templates that are generated in the offline mode, the online pupil detection mode determines the locations of the human eyes and the pupils. A combination of texture- and template-based matching algorithms is used for this purpose. Our method achieved a significantly high detection rate, yielding an average of 96.38% pupil detection accuracy across all datasets used. Based on a comparative analysis on different databases, we concluded that: (i) a single methodological approach can be used to efficiently detect human eyes and pupils of face images (with strong pose and illumination variations) acquired in the visible and hyper-spectral bands, and (ii) the use of texture-based matching and normalized band-specific templates significantly increases detection accuracy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time in the open literature that the problem of multi-band pupil detection on face images in the presence of lighting and pose variations, is being investigated using a unified algorithm.


The invention discloses a wind power plant low voltage ride through control method, and particularly relates to a control method of a system and a device having a wind power plant low voltage ride through function. A basic principle of the wind power plant low voltage ride through control method is as follows: a three-phase current and voltage of an end, which accesses to a grid, of the wind power plant are measured, and equivalent impedance of the grid is calculated, so that a modularization impedance array which can be adjusted quickly is constructed; and the impedance array is connected with a high-speed circuit breaker in parallel and then is in series connection between a wind power plant converging wire and a boosting transformer incoming circuit breaker, judgment of generation of low voltage is completed within 2-4 milliseconds, the time point of a voltage sine wave zero crossing point is calculated, the high-speed circuit breaker completes a disconnection motion at the zero crossing point, the time of the low voltage judgment and the circuit breaker motion is not more than 12 milliseconds, access in series with a impedance array with the equivalent impedance of the grid is realized, and wire concentration voltage of the wind power plant is maintained to be unchanged.


Human Rights Film Festivals have been growing in number across the globe since the late 1980s and have become embroiled in recent cultural shifts towards visual culture without a commensurate exploration of the philosophical and cultural effects of such use. By attending to debates present in the media, visual, and film disciplines in relation to representation, politics, and ethics, this paper garners the work of various scholars, including Gayatri Spivak, bell hooks, and Emmanuel Lévinas, to begin the much-needed exploration and analysis of the use of films for human rights purposes.


Inspired by the Encyclopedia of Statistical Sciences, Second Edition (ESS2e), this volume presents a concise, well-rounded focus on the statistical concepts and applications that are essential for understanding gathered data in the fields of engineering, quality control, and the physical sciences. The book successfully upholds the goals of ESS2e by combining both previously-published and newly developed contributions written by over 100 leading academics, researchers, and practitioner in a comprehensive, approachable format. The result is a succinct reference that unveils modern, cutting-edge approaches to acquiring and analyzing data across diverse subject areas within these three disciplines, including operations research, chemistry, physics, the earth sciences, electrical engineering, and quality assurance. In addition, techniques related to survey methodology, computational statistics, and operations research are discussed, where applicable. Topics of coverage include: optimal and stochastic control, artificial intelligence, quantum mechanics, and fractals.


Kim, Ye-Sug. 2004. A Study of the Social, Cultural Connotations of French Personal Pronouns. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea, 12(2). This study...


The locations of future energy facilities must be specified in order to assess the environmental impact of those facilities. Since major energy-facility construction is planned within a horizon generally less than 10 years in the future and energy/environment studies often cover periods of 25 years and beyond, a method was needed for predicting probable energy-facility locations beyond 10 years ahead. In response to this need, a computer model was developed which generates probable locations for hypothetical energy facilities. The model (limited currently to nuclear- and coal-fired electric-generating plants) is designed to cover a very large geographical region and locates facilities to the county level. The regional demand for additional baseload generating capacity associated with a postulated demand growth rate over any desired time horizon is specified by the user as input to the model. The user also specifies the part of this capacity which will be nuclear and which will be coal-fired. The model uses linear programming to distribute this specified generating capacity to the most probable locations within the region, based on physical factors. Political factors and matters of judgment also contribute to the location process. The model has been applied to two six-State regions. The mid-Atlantic region, consistingmore » of Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia and the District of Columbia, was used for model development and initial application. The Pacific Northwest region, consisting of Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Utah, Montana, and Wyoming, was the site of a second application to prove the generality of the model. In both regions, the year 2000 was chosen as the time horizon, and scenarios were run which embodied capacity growth rates of 3 to 7% over the time period 1978-2000.« less


A rapid and realistic soiling method has been developed using polyurethane cubes to transfer soil to fabric samples. Four 2 to 2.5-cm cubes, cut from commonly available polyurethane foam, and a measured amount of soil are rotated in an Accelerotor for 1 minute at 2000 rpm. Two 10 × 10-cm fabric samples are placed into the chamber of the Accelerotor and rotated together with the soiled cubes for 1 I minute, or longer if desired. The soiling level can be varied by varying the amount of soil placed on the cubes from barely visible (less than 1% owf) to a saturation level. Both the soiling level and the mechanical work performed during soiling can be varied by a variation of soiling time, rotational speed, or both. Soils applicable by this method include oily soils, grease, particulate soils, and mixtures of fatty soils with particulate matter. Soiling is highly uniform, reproducible, and believed to simulate natural soiling of textiles in contact with skin. Soiling of repellent fabrics also is uniform, even at very low soiling levels.


C A N A R Y, Schaaf, Duffy and Kyle (1959) have claimed striking improvement in thyrotoxic patients treated with reserpine. Ten patients who were given 0.25 to 1.0 mg. of the drug oral1y every 6 to 8 hours improved considerably in 3 weeks. Palpitation, excessive sweating, heat intolerance and dyspnoea on exertion were completely relieved, while the skin manifestations and tremor were diminished in all these patients and nervousness improved in al1 but one. Eye signs disappeared in three and improved in two patients. The thyroid gland's uptake of radioactive iodine uptake, however, was not affected. Others (Damia & Samele, 1954; Moncke, 1955; Lovei & Bona, 1956; Chowdhury, 1958) have also claimed that reserpine is of value in the treatment of thyrotoxicosis and Gordan (1957-8) states that since the publication of the paper by Canary et al. almost all the hyperthyroid patients he had seen had bradycardia resulting from administration of this agent. Reserpine diminishes the results of sympathetic overactivity partly through central and partly through peripheral mechanisms (Vogt, 1958). There arc thus theoretical reasons why it might diminish the effects of an excess of thyroid hormone since the latter may produce some of its peripheral reactions by sensitising the tissues to adrenaline and noradrenaline (Brewster et al., 1956). Since reserpine does not affect the uptake of radioactive iodine by the thyroid gland (Ford et al., 1953; Canary et al., 1957; Newman & Fish, 1958) it might be used with advantage to the patient immediately after the administration ofradioactive iodine in the latent period before the isotope has begun to depress thyroid function. This is the time during which, in our opinion, the administration of drugs which depress thyroid function is undesirable. The present investigation was undertaken to test this possibility. A double-blind trial was used; but since the side effects of reserpine might have enabled the observers to differentiate between the groups receiving the reserpine and the inert tablets, a further observer was interposed. Part of the interest of this trial lies in the use of this method. which could be applied to the evaluation of any toxic drug. That this precaution was necessary is demonstrated by the high incidence of severe toxic effects which occurred in the group receiving reserpine. The effect of reserpine in a case of thyrotoxic crisis is also described.


In this study, the factors influencing the final colour yield of an ink-jet printed cotton fabric were investigated. The factors included the content of the pretreatment paste (the amounts of sodium alginate, sodium bicarbonate and urea) and the steaming time. Four different inks – cyan, magenta, yellow and black – were used in this study and the influences of these factors on the four different colours were studied through experimental design. The results showed that apart from the influence of individual factors, the final colour yield also depended on the interaction effect of the factors.


When controlling a modern vessel while moving on a course and under the condition of an integrated bridge satu-rated with instruments, the skipper does not pay enough attention to the analysis of a complex navigational situa-tion, which leads to a chaotic and unpredictable passage of the route. The method of estimating the spectral densi-ty of stochastic processes in the problems of identification, filtering and forecasting of ship management when solving issues of assistance in decision-making by the boat master in navigation and control actions and route op-timization is investigated. The prediction of a stochastic process in real time is investigated on the basis of the ob-tained spectral density estimate, the results of modeling on a ship computer, the convergence rate and the accura-cy of the solution of the problem. The paper also substantiates the need for the formation of stochastic thinking at the future navigator, which allows, based on intuitive and logical thinking, to abandon at the initial stage of solving a problem from deliberately false options for the development of the process in order to ensure the safety of navi-gation.


The English customs duties under the early Stewarts, and the many vexed constitutional questions involved in connection with them, furnished some of the bitterest subjects of controversy at the time, both in and out of Parliament, and constitutional historians have devoted much attention to them. The questions that have been debated in this connection, however, have been mainly of one kind, and have related mainly to the constitutional powers of the Crown and the proper application of mediæval precedents under changed conditions. But there is an entirely different standpoint from which the customs can be approached, that of their administration as an essential part of the revenue-producing system, and comparatively little attention has been devoted to this aspect of the subject. It is important from a purely English point of view, but it is also specially interesting to the investigator of the English background for the early period of American colonisation, since customs duties played such an important part in fostering the growth of Virginia and of other newly established colonies.


The development of the internet technology brings us the flourish of a new journalistic style called "we media" and the most representative ones are Blog,Podcast,Wiki,Dig,and Citizen Journalism,etc..We-media challenges and influences the traditional media,therefore,we should focus on it.It is worth in-depth discussing and reflecting on whether the citizen journalism suits China's national conditions.


The Institutions of Higher Education (IES) have the function of guaranteeing the right to higher education through teaching, research and their relationship with society, and ensuring increasing levels of quality, academic excellence and relevance; The university is the social institution whose function is to safeguard, develop and promote education and culture in society. Particularly, in the Polytechnic Superior School of Chimborazo (ESPOCH), the aim is to improve the levels of effectiveness and efficiency in the use of resources, as well as to generate mechanisms of transparency and accountability, basic foundations that promote the improvement in the field of teaching and research. However, the political confrontation in universities and polytechnic schools generates problems of an economic - financial, academic, technological and social type that directly influence teaching and research. Therefore, in the present work indicators are defined for each of the situational states, these being described qualitatively and also qualified in the same way calculating the conflict index. The significant results obtained refer to index evaluations associated with the problem of political influence specifically, its assessment and improvement actions in the control of teaching management.
Keywords: Political conflictive, Teaching, Research, University management.
References:
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This paper is a systemic literature review that examines how lean manufacturing is better than traditional manufacturing. The author justify the lean manufacturing vs. traditional manufacturing with the help of analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and find out the major benefits of lean manufacturing. By using AHP, global desirability index of lean manufacturing and traditional manufacturing are calculated and compared. In this research, the author finds out the critical success factors of lean manufacturing from various research papers. Then give the rank to these critical success factors with the help of technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). We found that TOPSIS method has relatively high rationality and applicability when it is used to ranking the critical success factors of lean manufacturing in organization. In this research, the author identifies and prioritizes the solutions of lean manufacturing adopted in lean manufacturing to overcome its barriers. It helps organizations to concentrate on high rank solutions and develop strategies to implement them on priority. The author proposed a framework based on fuzzy AHP and fuzzy TOPSIS to identify and rank the solutions of lean manufacturing in organization and overcome to its barriers. This proposed framework provides more accurate, effective and systematic decision support tool for stepwise implementation of solutions of lean manufacturing in organization to increase its success rate.


The \ensuremath{\pi}-electronic collective excitations (\ensuremath{\pi} plasmons) in carbon nanotube bundles are studied within the linear-response approximation. The intertube Coulomb interactions significantly affect the electronic excitations, so that the \ensuremath{\pi} plasmons in nanotube bundles are quite different from those in a single nanotube. The \ensuremath{\pi} plasmons strongly depend on the direction and magnitude of the transferred momentum. They clearly exhibit the anisotropic behavior. Moreover, the \ensuremath{\pi} plasmon frequencies are lower for bundles made up of larger nanotubes.


Abstract A new genus and two new species of Kempyninae (Osmylidae), Ponomarenkius excellens gen. et sp. nov. and Arbusella magna sp. nov., are described from the Middle-Upper Jurassic of Daohugou (China). The finding demonstrates that extant kempynins, a typical Gondwanan group, are overshadowed by their Mesozoic relatives in taxonomic diversity and variety of wing venation. Striped patterns of both newly described species are an example of cryptic and disruptive coloration, possibly pinnate leaf mimesis. Eyespot patterns of Arbusella magna sp. nov. can be explained as a result of sexual selection. The abundance and distribution of the Mesozoic kempynins are discussed. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:CF33DEB4-0A69-407D-B1B2-1EC6537E4095


In reheating furnace, the response of strip temperature to furnace temperature is severely nonlinear and hysteretic. Although it is very important to obtain information on billet temperatures, it is not feasible during furnace operation. Consequently, a billet temperature profile should be estimated. The reheating furnace and roughing mill of a hot strip mill were studied. A novel control method using measurement data gathered from the production line is proposed. The finite volume method was used for discretization of the mathematical model while the slabs are still in the reheating furnace, and combustion gases are introduced as the boundary condition of the transient conduction equation of the slab. Heat transfer characteristics and temperature behavior of the slab is investigated by changing parameters. The application of the method led to considerable savings in fuel and power consumption.


Public funds can be used to pay for health care services that are delivered either by for-profit or not-for profit agencies. A systematic review of patient outcomes in US hospitals by ownership status showed that not-for-profit hospitals tended to produce better results.[1][1] Although there are no


In order to solve the problem that the data output is multi-channel and data rate is high characteristic in many CCD(Charge Coupled Device) application systems,new system framework that does parallel processing high-speed multi-channel CCD signals is proposed.The composing of systematic framework and the scheme of realization are described emphatically,and the key points of design are analyzed.This design has the characteristics such as stability,flexibility and general by using some technologies including FPGA(Filed Programmble Gate Array),time-division multiplexing,LVDS(Low Voltage Differential Signal) and SCSI(Small Computer System Interface) storage,which has already been succeeded in applying to the design of eight-channel high-speed TDICCD(Time Delay Integration Charge Couple Device) imaging system,data rate being up to 1.28 Gbit/s.


Abstract The accelerated evolution of Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) leads to the need to integrate UAS into operations, sometimes with unexpected results. In particular for special operations forces, reconnaissance, surveillance and deep precision strike, will remain main missions for which the utilization of UAV it is becoming critical. Whether we talk about missions such as: direct actions, objective security, force close protection, Imagery intelligence (IMINT) close fire support, maneuver, or combat resupply, UAS can cover a large spectrum of potential missions. However, when integrating UAS in military operations, the most intriguing developments are the impacts on the decision-making process, on the balance between the human factor and artificial intelligence, on force structure design.


To address the problem of guide evacuations in dynamic environments, we propose to improve the traditional reinforcement learning path planning algorithm by adding a table of taboos to the algorithm to mark the achieved local optimums, and by reinforcing the local optimums to obtain a kind of global optimal solution, thus reducing the frequent trial and error process of reinforcement learning., Then, to verify that the path searched by the improved algorithm is the best evacuation path, simulation experiments are performed under different evacuation scenarios.


It was decided in 1978 to develop an international authority system and a working group was established for that purpose during the IFLA Conference in Strbske Pleso in former Czechoslovakia. Its terms of reference were the following: to discuss and formulate the specifications for an international authority system to satisfy the bibliographic needs of libraries, to develop the UNIMARC format for authorities, to develop methods for the efficient and effective exchange of authority data.


Turtles from eggs to ocean is part of the National geographic Reach book- level B, for grades K-5. The book is part of the National Geographic School Publishing program and has been designed by experts in language and literacy. This chapter highlights how animals change as they grow and the various life stages of sea turtles.


The present invention provides a real-time parking management system for a user to store an authentication information with the cooperation of a first mobile device. The real-time parking management system includes: a management server and a second mobile device. The management server is connected to an Internet, which enables the first mobile device to log the management server according the authentication information via the Internet. The second mobile device generates a digital payment note after a patrol person operates. The second mobile device uploads the digital payment note to the management server via the Internet, and the management server pushes a payment notification corresponding to the digital payment note to the first mobile device via the Internet, and thus, a user is noticed for payment.


The utility model discloses an ammonification device of a boiler. An ammonia pressure reducer is mounted on an ammonia bottle, pressure meters are arranged at the inlet and outlet of the ammonia pressure reducer, the ammonia pressure reducer is provided with an ammonia pressure reducer outlet valve, the valve is connected with an ammonia inlet valve of an ammonia dissolving meter through a pipeline, the dissolving meter is a tank body, and a salt water removal inlet, an ammonia water inlet and an ammonia gas outlet are formed in the top of the dissolving meter respectively; an ammonia water outlet is formed in the bottom of the tank and is connected with the suction hole of a product water conveying pump through an ammonification pump inlet valve and a metering pump, the ammonia gas outlet in the upper part of the ammonia dissolving meter is connected with an ammonia absorber through a volatile gas pipeline, the absorber is also a tank body, a raw water inlet is formed in the upper part of the absorber and is connected with a raw water valve, an ammonia absorber ammonia gas outlet is formed in the top of the absorber, an ammonia absorption device is arranged in the middle of the absorber, and an ammonia absorber discharging hole is formed in the bottom of the ammonia absorber and is connected with a pipeline through an ammonia absorber discharging valve. According to the ammonification device, liquid ammonia is transformed into ammonia water, no irritant ammonia smell escapes, an environment and a human body cannot be harmed, and the occupational disease is prevented to the maximum extent. The device is low in running cost, safe, and easy to operate.


When UUV simulate the attributes of underwater moving object,it is need to increase some important features devices to improve the accuracy of the simulation.CAN chip SJA1000 and MCU as the main hardware are used,C language used to program the hardware driven software,RS485(232) to CAN conversion node are designed and achieved,which can make the RS485(232) to CAN.The node test platform is used to test the node validation.The test indicates that the node meets the CAN network of UUV control system,and it can help the non-CAN network equipment access the CAN network of UUV control system,which can enhance the accuracy of UUV simulating features of underwater objects.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper can be summarized in the following research questions: How do male school leaders perceive the role of an educational leader and educational leadership in general? What are some of the male school leaders' leadership styles and features? What distinctive factors influence and hinder the leadership process for men in Greek primary schools? Are there any perceived gender differences in educational leadership? What are the attitudes and the level of motivation that male school leaders have towards promotion?Design/ methodology/ approach – The study utilizes a qualitative approach to explore the views and perceptions of Greek male school leaders in a profound manner. The main research tool is in‐depth semi‐ structured interviews that are employed to a final sample of 20 respondents.Findings – The results are represented in a systemic model, which outlines the various influencing and resulting notions. For instance, a wide range of influencing factors are revealed alongside ...


Abstract This qualitative/ethnographic study investigated how children adopted from China construct their identities. The authors describe the subtle interaction of home, school, and community cultures that influenced these children's identity formation. Focusing on the children, the researchers followed 13 adoptive families over the course of 16 months. The setting for the study was in several metropolitan areas of the American Midwest. Children's post adoption experiences, family life, schooling, and Adopted Children from China (ACC) activities became a window for viewing many of the core issues in constructing cultural identity. Children in this study actively negotiated their identities in various social contexts.


This study examines the impact of company responses to trading‐induced queries made by the Australian Securities Exchange over the period January 2007–December 2008, inclusive. We utilise event study methodology and a matched sample approach to assess the impact of trading query announcements. We use multivariate analysis to investigate any cross‐sectional determinants affecting abnormal returns and volume, and find significant positive shareholder wealth and volume effects associated with query announcements. Further, the unexplained abnormal returns observed prior to the announcement of the trading query persist post‐announcement. Subsequent analysis reveals the industry effect reported in the literature loses significance after accounting for sample selection bias.


Introduction was made to the factors which impact on a current transformer.The second grade current transformer's error characteristics calculation method and steps under certain load were analyzed.Error characteristics of products were studied and calculated in theory.Finally this paper combined with a project example of the second grade current transformer for aviation circuit-breaker to carry out calculation.Calculation result shows that theoretical value is close to the value actually measured.


Most important civil infrastructures are made of concrete, so accurate information by routine inspection is necessary for structure maintenance. Sometimes temporarily erected scaffoldings are needed for infrastructure inspections. Bridge inspection for example, the inspectors must stand on the platform to examine the underside of a bridge, but such a procedure is risky. At present, several inspection systems coupled with Charge Coupled Devices (CCD) cameras have been developed and applied to infrastructure inspections in order to reduce the danger of accidents to the human inspectors. This paper proposes a computer vision technique based on CCD images to attempt to automatically detect cracks in concrete structure. The experimental result indicates that the optimal accuracies of 90% and 84% could be achieved for the training and testing samples, respectively.


Student learning abroad experiences are encouraged to develop students' intercultural understanding and global citizenship. This article reports internationally collaborative research exploring social work student short-term mobility programmes and international field education placements. Findings from interviews with staff from Australian schools of social work are presented. Themes developed from the data explore the establishment and ongoing resourcing and sustainability of international exchange programmes, including implications for risk and safety, relationships and partnerships, and reciprocity. The complex landscape of student international experiences is discussed, and it is proposed that the lack of adequate resourcing of learning abroad opportunities threatens their sustainability.


Ordinarily, crime is proscribed by the law of the place where it occurs, but more than a few American criminal laws apply to terrorism committed outside the United States. The power to enact such laws flows from the Constitution and is usually limited by little more than due process notice. Practicality and reluctance to offend other nations have traditionally limited American exercise of such authority to instances where there is a discernible nexus to the United States. Yet where there is a clear connection to the United States, American criminal law, primarily federal law generally permits prosecution of terrorism committed overseas.


Mr. layers and operating an evaporator body in a PVD metallization for continuously feeding and evaporation of metal. A coating applied to the evaporator body layer structure on which the metal is supplied can be updated directly in the metallization after each metallization cycle, by the layer structure already used for evaporating detaches from the evaporator body during cooling and / or is mechanically detached and then applied to the new coating becomes. The RETRY shouldered coating sintered during heating of the evaporation boat such that a sufficient adhesion to the evaporator body and also between the particles of the coating formed.


In Southeast Asia, Cambodia is one of the least studied countries in terms of liverwort diversity. A partial study of about 500 specimens gathered from 2009 to 2013 yielded 66 species new to the country, which raised the number of known species in Cambodia to 210, a number still far below expectations. Twenty genera are new to the country, including Dumortiera, Jackiella, and Lepidozia that are very common and characteristic elements of the mesophytic tropical flora in Asia. The distribution within the country of already known species is supplemented with new data. Two new combinations are proposed: Plectocolea polyrhizoides (Grolle) Bakalin et S.S. Choi comb. nov. and Plectocolea longifolia (Schiffn.) Bakalin et S.S. Choi comb. nov.


The use of corrugated surfaces to reduce interfering reflections from buildings, in particular instrument landing system (ILS) interference from hangars near airport runways, is proposed. A numerical examination of the infinite comb grating under H -polarized plane wave illumination with grating spacing \lambda/2 is made. As with all periodic surfaces investigated, specular reflection can by completely converted to backscatter in the direction of incidence \theta_{i} from the surface normal when \theta_{i} = sin^{-1} (\lambda/2a) and the corrugation depth is properly chosen. Model measurements at 35 GHz on finned surfaces of finite size under nonplane wave illumination verify the surfaces behave essentially as predicted for the infinite comb. The surfaces retain this behavior for frequencies within the ILS range and angles of oblique incidence less than about 10\deg . Practical considerations in implementing these ideas are mentioned.


This paper discusses the solutions in six aspects for off- campus patrons to share digital resources of academic library, introduces in detail the advantages and disadvantages of each solution, and brings forward some management problems in carrying out those measures.


The dynamical evolution of super star clusters (SSCs) moving in the background of a dark matter halo has been investigated as a possible event responsible for the formation of bulges in late-type spirals. The underlying physical processes include sinking of SSCs due to the dynamical friction and stripping of SSCs on their way to the centre. Our model calculations show that only sinking of circumnuclear SSCs contributes to the formation of galactic bulges at the early stage. Based on the assumption of a universal density profile for the dark matter halo, and an isothermal model for the SSCs, our simulations have yielded bulges that are similar in many aspects to the observational ones. In particular, the derived surface density profiles can be well fitted by an exponential structure with nuclear cusps, which is consistent with Hubble Space Telescope observations.


The present application discloses a curable composition comprising oxazoline and / or oxazine cationic cure initiator, and does not contain any phenol compound, the curable composition suitable for use as a semiconductor device and the molding plate or a coating composition.


Adsorption experiments for As(V) and As(III) onto the surfaces of aerobic Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which can be readily isolated from natural media, were conducted under nutrient-absent conditions. While a small amount of As(III) was adsorbed on the bacterial cell surfaces, As(V) was not effectively removed from the solution through adsorption. The result was likely due to the electrostatic repulsion between anionic compounds of aqueous As(V) and cell surfaces of f aeruginosa. However, the bacteria forming biofilm reduced a large amount of aqueous As(V) to As(III), which indicated that microorganisms in most oligotrophic, natural geologic settings can mediate the behavior of aqueous As. Biobarriers designed to remove the various heavy metals in contaminant plume may practically lead to the enhancement of toxicity and mobility of As.


Advances in edge computing significantly impact the development of mobile networks. As the most important research goal related to edge networks, resource orchestration has been well studied in recent years; however, existing approaches based on deep reinforcement learning share similar bottlenecks in training inefficiency. In this paper, we treat drones, whose available time is significantly limited by their batteries, as the mobile terminals of a target edge network and aim to maximize the energy efficiency. The battery-constrained resource orchestration problem is formulated as a nonconvex optimization problem with consideration of both operating costs and available battery. Owing to the NP-hard nature of mixed-integer programming, the Auxiliary-Task-based dynamic Weighting Resource Orchestration (ATWRO) algorithm is proposed. To improve the sample efficiency, related parameters serving as auxiliary tasks are employed to provide additional gradient information. We further refine the exploration space and apply an alternative replay buffer to develop a customized reinforcement learning approach. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, as they prove that by employing auxiliary tasks, reinforcement learning agents can be trained with higher efficiency. Moreover, the service time of the whole system can be prolonged, and a higher number of completed tasks can be guaranteed.


This paper presents the technology used in teaching speaking and its effects to students as they learn to speak in English. Phenomenology was used to gather the data with the three groups of Focus Group Discussion (FGD) of 21 participants from the junior, sophomore and senior students in language classes in the University of Southern Mindanao, Kidapawan City Campus, and Philippines. Results revealed that students are taught to speak in English using the technologies of today such as video conferencing, email correspondence, social media interaction and real-time actual emceeing and onstage speaking performances where students are engaged in real academic and professional situations. Moreover, findings revealed that these technologies in teaching speaking build rapport, increase fluency and accuracy, ease anxiety and apprehension, and build confidence among students. Apparently, the researcher found that the technology used in teaching speaking can be aligned with the communicative way of teaching which allows students to convey themselves in a skillful and competent way of communication.


AbstractAfter the attacks of September 11, 2001, some professional scholars of Islam argued that the terrorists involved in the attacks were not really Muslims, but hijackers of Islam. According to other scholars, such arguments reflect a common sui-generis discourse in religious studies which stresses the autonomy of religious phenomena and the priority of faith over cultural production. The scholars in favor for a naturalistic approach in religious studies argues that, in order to approach religion in a naturalistic way, we have to be critical of representations of religion—and in this case representations of Islam—drawing on a sui-generis discourse. The aim of this article is to investigate how Islam is represented in textbooks used in religious studies introductory courses in Sweden. The article shows how the texts and textbooks are drawing on sui-generis discourses to invent consensus in favor of difference, when representing Islam and Muslims.


Introduction Because of its widespread use for many years in assessing static properties of soils, early efforts at developing equipment to measure cyclic soil response focused on adding dynamic capabilities to conventional triaxial testing systems (eg. Chan and Mulilis, 1976), while the stiffness of soils were usually evaluated with resonant column methods. Initially such devices were only capable of resolving the response at moderate to large strains, which suited their application to investigating liquefaction triggering and seismic settlements. Over the years, however, many researchers (eg. Kokusho, 1980; Ladd and Dutko, 1985, among many others) have extended the capabilities of cyclic triaxial systems to measure the cyclic response at progressively smaller strain levels, allowing the use of these systems to effectively measure dynamic properties (modulus and damping) down into the elastic strain range.


Cardamom ( Elettaria cardamomum Maton - small ) is the queen of spices, in the home land for spices. Production is much lower mainly due to constraints such as lack of improved variety, Poor agronomic practices. The long duration taken for seed germination is considered as one of the major issues in the propagation of this crop. Therefore, the current study was conducted with the objective of determining growth media and watering frequency on seed germination and subsequent seedling growth of cardamom. The experiment was conducted at Tepi National Spices Research Center. A split plot design with three replications, Growth media seven levels (Forest soil; Top soil; Forest soil: Top soil; Forest soil: Compost; Top soil: Compost; Forest soil: Top soil : compost; Top soil: Compost) and four levels of watering frequency (every day , two , three & four days interval) were assigned as main and sub-plot, respectively. The interaction effect was highly significant (p < 0.05) for emergence of seedling. The highest seed germination percentage and speed of germination (85% and 2.94) respectively, were obtained under seeds sown in mixed forest and compost media combination in (2:1) ratio with watering frequency a day interval. It can be concluded that watering frequency every one day and media of a (2:1) forest soil and compost combinations improved both seed germination and growth of subsequent seedlings.


Papaya is a tropical fruit of economic, industrial, medicinal and nutritional importance, produced in 70 countries. The objective of this research was to carry out a compilation and analysis of the information related to harvest maturity indexes, shelf life, main diseases and post-harvest treatments of papaya, for which the VOS viewer software was used. It is possible to determine a harvest index by correlating the color with the internal physicochemical characteristics of the papaya. The short shelf life is attributed to the physiology of the fruit and the susceptibility to diseases such as anthracnose. Derived from this, the investigations carried out in the last 10 years have focused on technologies such as; edible films and coatings with various antifungal compounds; compounds that delay fruit ripening; and post-harvest treatments to extend shelf life.


Two caribou calves (Rangifer tarandus terraenovae) were infected experimentally with Pneumostrongylus tenuis Dougherty from white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus borealis). The female calf showed slight neurologic signs from the 5th to the 14th day when she died from a mycotic infection. The male calf first showed neurologic signs on the seventh day. These signs became progressively more extreme and by the 29th day, when the animal was necropsied, it showed severe locomotory ataxia with knuckling and posterior weakness. Histological study of the spinal cord of the male revealed numerous worms in all regions of the spinal cord and in the brain stem and medulla oblongata. Traumatic lesions and worms were unusually numerous in lateral and dorsal funiculi. It is suggested that the more severe neurologic signs were caused by migration of worms into funiculi from dorsal horns of grey matter. The results are discussed in relation to the management of woodland caribou in eastern North America.


Despite centuries of the common law more or less recognizing the distinction between actual and presumed undue influence, recent cases from the House of Lords and Supreme Court of Canada indicate a failure to appreciate the true nature of presumed undue influence and its connection to fiduciary law. As such, an appropriate legal test for presumed undue influence is still required. Through an examination and critique of leading case law and academia on the conventional fiduciary obligation, deferential trust, and the two types of undue influence, this article makes a case for the adoption of fiduciary influence as the appropriate test for deferential trust. The circumstances that can give rise to fiduciary influence are infinitely variable; however, courts must determine whether, on the facts, the trusted party acquired influence for the limited and defined purpose of acting in the trusting party's interest at the time of the impugned transaction.


This paper is based on the field investigations conducted in the West Garo Hills of northeastern part of India. The work presents a brief report on the Neolithic manufacturing sites of West Garo Hills. It addresses the various issues of lithic sequence, typological classifications, lithic technology, settlement pattern, and site distribution pattern of the known sites and newly discovered sites in the West Garo Hills. Large clusters of Neolithic manufacturing sites have been located on the hilltops and hillslopes close to present-day rivers, streams, natural springs, water channels, and modern Garo community habitat. Dolerite raw materials were mostly preferred for fashioning the artefacts and manufacturing units are found close to the dyke basalt rock sources. Findings of habitation deposits or pottery are very sparse; however, evidence of plants and animals domestication, burial, bone tools, and metal use pose new hypotheses on their use due to poor preservations. The Paleolithic evidence and its transition to early farming cultures remain vague in the region.


Cardiac rate was measured in six human subjects during forward acceleration at 8 g and compared with changes in head position while maintaining the remainder of the body in the same position. There...


Abstract Malaysia had looked to Japan to search for a sustainable and efficient development model under the Look East Policy (LEP) initiative launched in 1982 by former Prime Minister Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad. At the time, this ideal formula, intended for the betterment of the Malaysian economy, was designed to incorporate the Japanese attitude to work, their moral values, progressive norms, and work ethics. Since then, more than 15,000 Malaysians expatriated to Japan due to this very purpose, and bilateral relations between them have blossomed. In this paper, the LEP is revisited, and Japan-Malaysia relations will be analysed to understand the change and continuity aspects of this policy in the past 35 years. Furthermore, this paper will also seek to forecast the challenges Japanese and Malaysian institutions may face in establishing cooperation under the second phase of this policy after 35 years of success. Besides, exploring a new paradigm for Japan and Malaysia's relations as proposed by the former Prime Minister, Mohd Najib Tun Abdul Razak.


Estimation of Effort in the Software Development Life Cycle is crucial for project planning where resources are decided. Since a good estimate of resources leads to a good estimate of the cost of the project and helps in the success of the project, effort estimation becomes one of the research topics. Much research using machine learning techniques has been done for effort estimation and no single technique is superior. Machine learning techniques use statistical analysis on datasets and help us in the prediction and estimation of effort. This study proposes effort estimation methods based on ensemble techniques to improve the performance accuracy of individual machine learning methods. Three ensemble techniques Voting, Bagging and Boosting were studied to show the performance accuracy of individual machine learning techniques could be improved using ensemble methods, which combine several machine learning methods into one predictive model. It has been observed that Boosting adds weak predictors to an ensemble and each corrects its predecessor can give more accurate performance than single machine learning methods and also other ensembles.


This paper investigates a 60-GHz radio-over-fiber (RoF) communication system employing two different techniques to generate millimeter-wave (mm-wave) signals. The relative intensity noise (RIN) transferred during optical heterodyning of mm-wave signal is theoretically studied and experimentally investigated. Laser RIN induces noise at resultant electrical mm-wave signal and is directly generated from initial RIN at low frequency. Therefore, RIN impairs the performance of the mm-wave RoF system. The model of RIN is also presented and is in very close agreement with the experiment results. Furthermore, wireless transmission experiments to demonstrate the intensity noise effect are carried out and are compliant with the communication standards at mm-wave. Wireless transmission up to 3 m can be achieved using a transmit power of +4.5 dBm.


Summary— In anaesthetized animals, systemic injection of ET1 at doses from 3 to 100 ng·kg−1 provoked only a transient hypotensive effect. At 300 ng·kg−1 we observed the classical biphasic effect, consisting of a transient lowering of the arterial pressure followed by a long‐lasting hypertensive effect. Direct injection of the peptide into the vertebral artery of anaesthetized animals only affected arterial pressure (AP) when the blood‐brain barrier was permeabilised. Under these conditions, a dose‐dependent decrease in AP was observed, which was not associated with a significant effect on the heart rate. Micro‐injections of the peptide in the medullary nucleus reticularis lateralis area (NRL), a medullary vasopressive centre, at doses of 30 to 60 ng·kg−1 led to a significant reduction in mean arterial pressure (MAP) (17 ± 4% and 36.5 ± 6%) respectively without a significant change in heart rate. These effects lasted less than 2 hours. These results suggest a possible role of ET1 as a neuromodulator involved in the central regulation of vasomotor tone, in the NRL region.


After cooperating with high-end  fashion designers such as Alexander McQueen, Christian Lacroix and Vivienne Westwood, Chivas Regal, the famous blended Scotch whisky, has engaged NB studio, a UK based branding and communication agency to work on a new limited edition gift package. The studio later on commissioned world renowned illustrator Dan Funderburgh from New York…


C12H22F6N2O4S2, tetragonal, PA\22 (No. 91), a = 12.3078(1) Ä, c = 13.5109(2) Ä, V= 2046.7 Ä, Z = 4, Rg,(F) = 0.052, wRretfF) = 0.111, Γ = 173 Κ. Source of material The title compound was synthesized from the known (R, R) -1,2diamino-1,2-di-/err-butylethane [1]. The diamine were treated with 2.03 eq of trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride in the presence of 2.16 eq of Hunig's base at 233 Κ to give the title bissulfonamide in 79% yield after column chromatography on silica (CH2Cl2/hexane 2:1 then 1:0). Recrystallization from CH2CI2/ hexane gives colorless crystals suitable for X-ray crystallography. Experimental details The Flack parameter was checked for the correct absolute configuration [2]. The hydrogen atom attached the to the nitrogen atom was refined without any constraint since it participates in hydrogen bonding. Other hydrogen atoms were refined using the riding model in SHELXL [3]. For the CH group, the UiSo is equal to 1.3 times of that of the preceding carbon atoms with the C—Η distances equal to 0.98 Ä. For the CH3 groups, UiS0 is equal to 1.5 times of that of the preceding carbon atoms with the C—Η distance equal to 0.96 A. * Correspondence author (e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com) Discussion As part of our ongoing project directed toward the synthesis of cyclic chiral ketones as potential asymmetric catalysts for the epoxidation of unfunctionized olefins by oxone (KHSO5) [4-7], we are interested in using a chiral, C2-symmetric bis-sulfomide as the scaffold for the construction of the cyclic ketone. The sulfonamide functionalities would serve both as stereo-directing groups and as activating groups for the ketone moiety. Ideally, the sulfonamide groups should be trans-disposed in order to achieve to the desired stereoselectivity. Earlier effort toward such a goal resulted in the synthesis of ketone, which would be expected to adopt a conformation with /rans-disposed sulfoamide moieties. However, X-ray structural determination revealed an unfavorable cis-disposition of the two sulfoamide groups. We have therefore designed the title molecule as our second-generation chiral ketone. The relative orientation of the sulfonamide groups in this molecule would be expected to be dictated by the bulky terf-butyl groups. In our designed synthetic sequence for the title compound, bis-sulfonamide serves as its immediate precursor and the influence of the /erf-butyl groups on the conformational preference of the two sulfonamide in bis-sulfonamide should provide useful hint on the possible conformation of the title molecule. As expected, the crystal structure revealed a frans-disposition of the two trifluromethanesulfonyl groups. The two sulfonamide groups are oriented antiparallel to each other as they are related to each other by a C2 axis, with the torsion angle between the S—Ν bonds and the central C—C bond equal to 131.7(2)°. The trifluromethanesulfonyl groups are also oriented away from their adjacent /erf-butyl groups. The corresponding torsion angle S-N-C0-C1 is -100.2(2)°. The two trifluromethyl groups are almost perpendicular to each other, with the dihedral angle of C-S-S'-C' equal to 94.2(2)°. All these structural features agree with the expected chiral nature of the title molecule. Extended hydrogen bonding is observed in this system. The hydrogen bond donor is the NH group and the acceptor is one of the oxygen atoms (02) of the trifluromethanesulfonyl group. The H 0 2 distance is 2.36(4) Ä. Each molecule has two donors (NH and N'H') and two acceptors (02 and 02') capable of forming four hydrogen bonds. These four hydrogen bonds are shared with other molecules, thus on an average each molecule possesses two hydrogen bonds. There are four molecules in the unit cell, therefore eight hydrogen bonds are present in the unit cell. The hydrogen bonding pattern is type R2(8) [8], consisting of a ring of eight atoms with two donors and two acceptors: 02-S-N-H•••02'-S'-N'-H'. One trifluromethanesulfonyl of each molecule forms two hydrogen bonds with an adjacent molecule, the second trifluromethanesulfonyl group forms two additional hydrogen bonds with a third neighboring molecule. Thus, the hydrogen bonds propagate through three dimensions, continuously in the c direction (symmetry operator is the 41 axis) but discontinuous in the a or b direction.


Model based testing techniques are widely used to generate tests from models and their specifications. Regression Testing is critical in evolving software systems. It implies that Software undergoes continuous integration and subsequent testing of modules and components to develop a final release of the software. Recent research on test automation have revealed challenges in testing such as enormous test cases generated that are either redundant or irrelevant tests. This prevents the critical parts of code from testing and leave faults uncovered. Manual testing also slows the process and makes exhaustive testing for quality difficult. This paper proposes an approach to generate regression tests from model synthesized from UML interaction diagrams and also prioritize tests. The algorithm generate test suites from the proposed intermediate model. The reliability analysis is performed on blocks and the results govern the prioritization of tests.


Litter bag method was used in this study on the twig decomposition of an oak (Quercus liaotungensis Koidz.) which is dominant in the warm temperate deciduous forests. A consecutive five year investigation was carried out to measure the changes of organic components in the twig litter. The decomposition of oak twigs based on rates of the mass loss during the first five years was simulated using the Olson exponential equation. The simulated data fit well with the observed values. Oak twigs were predicted to reach 95% decomposition within 21 years. During the first five years, the concentration of protein in the remaining litter increased from 3.5% to 5.5%, while the concentration of semicellulose decreased from 16.0% to 8.0%. However, there was no obvious change in the concentrations of lignin and cellulose. The loss of lignin, crude cellulose, cellulose and semicellulose could be well simulated using the Olson exponential equation. However, this was not so effective for protein.


Introduction: Pulmonary nocardiosis (PN) is a severe infection with a high morbidity and mortality that mainly affects immunocompromised patients. In recent years, an increase in PN cases has been detected among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The factors that are associated with its presence and determine its prognosis remain unknown. Methods: Retrospective study of COPD patients diagnosed with PN over the period from 1997 to 2009 at the Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, in Barcelona (Spain). Demographic, clinical, microbiological and evolution data were evaluated in all cases. Results: Thirty patients were identified with PN and COPD. Mean age (standard deviation) was 76 (7) years and the mean FEV1 was 40 (14)%. Chronic respiratory failure was observed in 56.7% patients and 51.7% had received systemic corticosteroid therapy previous to the PN diagnosis. The most common symptoms were cough and dyspnea (90%). Alveolar infiltrates were observed in 60% of the cases. The most frequently isolated Nocardia species was N. cyriacigeorgica (68%). The one-month mortality rate was 17%, while the one-year mortality rate was 33%. The factors associated with mortality within the first year included previous systemic corticosteroid treatment, less than three months of specific antibiotic therapy and active associated neoplasm. Conclusions: PN affects patients with moderate-severe COPD and has high shortand mid-term mortality rates. Previous corticosteroid treatment, specific antibiotic therapy for less than 3 months and active neoplasia were factors associated with mortality. © 2011 SEPAR. Published by Elsevier España, S.L. All rights reserved. Nocardiosis pulmonar en pacientes con EPOC: características y factores pronósticos


In Nigeria the struggle for power started with the 1914 amalgamation by Sir Federick Lugard, although this power tussle was along ethnic lines. The elective principle that was introduced by the 1922 Clifford constitution and retained by the 1946 Richard constitution actually opened the flood gate of electoral contest and partisan politics in Nigeria with tussle for power and interest protection appearing boldly on the stage. The end of the cold war era that gave rise to a unipolar world system which was led by the United States provided an unhindered spread by globalization and this process of globalization affected the Nigerian elites negatively, thus, making them self centered and greedy. This study adopts historical and content analysis as its methodology and elite theory is used to illuminate the study. The study concluded that in the period of colonial era up to 1966 elite quest for power was aimed at regional development and prevention of domination of a region by persons from other regions but as globalization grows and stretches its tentacles to Nigeria, the idea of individualism grew and focus shifted only to the promotion of selfish interest of the political elites. This study was able to establish the fact that there is a relationship between globalization and the nature of struggle for power by Nigerian elites and academics serving as the panacea.


We designed and developed a management guide wheel for cervical cancer to facilitate a standard approach and improve the quality of care in managing patients diagnosed with different stages of cervical cancer. Each step of the wheel considers the patient's current medical condition, FIGO stage, and the possible treatment modalities for cervical cancer in her case. We reviewed existing international guidelines on the management of cervical cancer and compared their respective recommendations. This guide wheel is based on recommendations by the following organizations: the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN), the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO), the European Society of Gynaecological Oncology (ESGO), the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO), the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), the British Gynaecological Cancer Society (BGCS) and the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO).


Memristor is a fourth basic circuit element after resistor, capacitor and inductor. Memristor is a very interesting device that has the power to store charge being a passive device. Recently, various researchers has proposed different type of memristor models. This book covers and review the commonly used memristor models and also covers the design and analysis of memristor. Further, logic circuit designing using memristor is explained in depth. Memristor are nano devices that can be used in VLSI architectures which leads to compact high speed circuits. Use of memristor in logic circuits is one of the highest possibility to continue the Moore's law further. This book is suitable for Graduate students/Research scholars who want to explore this new nano device further and to know more about the working and implementation of memristor/memristive systems in VLSI circuits. The author has explained the concepts in a very concise manner with segregation of content in chapters that starts from introduction about Memristor and till complete analysis of Memristor based logic circuits.


ECONOMIC OUTCOMES OF CO-TREATMENT OF INSOMNIA AND MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER (MDD)WITH ESZOPICLONE AND FLUOXETINEVERSUS FLUOXETINE TREATMENT ALONE Snedecor SJ, Botteman MF, Schaefer K, Sarocco P, Barry N, Pickard AS Pharmerit North America LLC, Bethesda, MD, USA, Sepracor Inc, Marlborough, MA, USA, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA OBJECTIVES: To compare the economic costs and benefits of eszopiclone co-administered with fluoxetine (ESZ+FLX) to that of placebo co-administered with fluoxetine (PBO+FLX) in patients with insomnia and co-morbid MDD. METHODS: Data from 422 patients enrolled in an 8-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled, trial were used to estimate the cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained by treating patients' insomnia with ESZ along with FLX for MDD. The costs of medical care and time away from work were estimated using published algorithms based on scores of the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D17). Cost of lost productivity while at work was based on responses to the Work Limitations Questionnaire collected during the trial. Utilities were estimated via the HAMD17 scores or the SF-36 scores collected during the trial using published transformation methods. Drug costs were estimated based on average wholesale price, adjusted for standard discounts and dispensing fees. All costs (in 2007 US$) and QALYs were estimated using the 8-week trial data or the trial data extrapolated to 6 months using last observation carried forward. Treatment discontinuations before and after Week 8 were taken into consideration and sensitivity analysis of key parameters was performed. RESULTS: In the base case 8-week analysis using HAM-D17-derived utilities, the mean gains in QALYs were 0.0392 and 0.0334 for the ESZ+FLX and PBO+FLX groups, respectively. Mean 8-week per-patient costs including absenteeism and presenteeism were $1,279 and $1,198, respectively. Thus, eszopiclone with co-administered fluoxetine resulted in an incremental cost per QALY gained of $13,881. When absenteeism and presenteeism costs were excluded, this ratio increased to $29,748. The 6-month trial data extrapolation, including productivity costs, resulted in ESZ+FLX being a cost-saving, QALY-gaining strategy with a cost/QALY of $13,911. CONCLUSIONS: Co-treatment of insomnia with eszopiclone, and MDD with fluoxetine appeared to be economically advantageous for patients with patients with both disorders.


The /sup 16/O(..gamma..,p/sub 0/) cross section has been measured for a series of photon energies between 100 and 300 MeV at proton angles of 45/sup 0/, 90/sup 0/, and 135/sup 0/. Above 250 MeV, the results exceed simple shell-model predictions by several orders of magnitude. The data are compared with a calculation which involves ..delta.. excitation in an intermediate state. (AIP)


The Roman emperors employed court eunuchs. To understand the Roman legislators' views on eunuchs and castration, this article analyzes legislation of the first through sixth centuries collected in the Corpus Iuris Civilis. Topics taken up include the terms 'castrated' or 'impotent' men as they appear in the legal sources; how castrated slaves were dealt with; the ban on castration; and the legal status of castrated or impotent freedman in matters of marriage, adoption, and inheritance. The conclusions are threefold. First, Justinian I's codification, with its choice of legal precedents complemented with new laws, influenced the legal language concerning castration. Secondly, when legislators established laws regarding castration, there is a great variety of views on the status of castrated men, the aim of castration and its definition. Finally, at least legal sources focus on basic physical features of castrated men such as genital injury or impotency, rather than on their social role as court eunuchs, which has received most attention in the research hitherto.


Synthetic data is an alternative to controlling confidentiality risk through traditional statistical disclosure control (SDC) methods. A barrier to the use of synthetic data for real analyses is uncertainty about its reliability and validity. Surprisingly, there has been a relative dearth of research into the measurement of utility of synthetic data. Utility measures developed to date have been either information theoretic abstractions, such as the Propensity Score Measure mean-squared error, or somewhat arbitrary collations of statistics and there has been no systematic investigation into how synthetic data holds in response with real data analyses. In this paper, we adopt the methodology used by Purdam and Elliot (2007), in which they reran published analyses on disclosure-controlled microdata and evaluate the impact of the disclosure control on the analytical outcomes. We utilise the same studies as Purdam and Elliot to facilitate comparisons of data utility between synthetic and disclosure controlled versions of the same data. The results will be of interest to academics and practitioners who wish to know the extent to which synthetic data delivers utility under a variety of analytic objectives.


Scale-dependent halo bias due to local primordial non-Gaussianity provides a strong test of single-field inflation. While it is universally understood that single-field inflation predicts negligible scale-dependent bias compared to current observational uncertainties, there is still disagreement on the exact level of scale-dependent bias at a level that could strongly impact inferences made from future surveys. In this paper, we clarify this confusion and derive in various ways that there is exactly zero scale-dependent bias in single-field inflation. Much of the current confusion follows from the fact that single-field inflation does predict a mode coupling of matter perturbations at the level of fNLlocal; ≈ −5/3, which naively would lead to scale-dependent bias. However, we show explicitly that this mode coupling cancels out when perturbations are evaluated at a fixed physical scale rather than fixed coordinate scale. Furthermore, we show how the absence of scale-dependent bias can be derived easily in any gauge. This result can then be incorporated into a complete description of the observed galaxy clustering, including the previously studied general relativistic terms, which are important at the same level as scale-dependent bias of order fNLlocal ∼ 1. This description will allow us to draw unbiased conclusions about inflation from future galaxy clustering data.


To the Editor.— Although much is published on the demise of the general practitioner, he seems to hang on despite dolorous statements to the contrary. In my opinion, he will remain because patients wish the services he can give. If we continue segmenting medicine, how happy will everyone be with such a system? In these days of "inherent rights" is it not conceivable that after a few years of experience an allied medical worker would demand the right to practice medicine at Dr. Proger's "primary physician" level, simply because he deserved the title?


T HE need for a New International Economic Order (NIEO) was felt during the early 1970s, when it was felt that the orthodox order or system had failed to create a just, equitable and growing world economic system, which would bring in prosperity for all and destitution for none. The orthodox order, which was the result of deliberations after the Great Depression and the World War-II, was based on the assumption that development in the USA and Western Europe would bring in development of poorer nations automatically through a mechanism of wage and price interaction in an environment of free exchange of goods, manpower and capital resources. Thus it was believed that industrialisation in the North would push up wages in the North as well as the prices of commodities offered to the South. While the first factor would give competitive advantage to the countries of the South, the second would increase purchasing power in the North. Both these factors, when coupled with free international movement of commodities, would induce industrial development of the poorer nations. Hence a system was introduced to encourage faster industrialisation of the North and free movement of goods and resources. In practice, however, this did not happen. The growth in industrialised countries did not bring in corresponding growth in developing ones. The differences in growth between the North and the South became widespread.


Purpose: To determine whether the implementation of the Automatic Positioning System for the Leksell Gamma Knife leads to better and more conformal treatment plans than the use of the earlier manual positioning system. Method and Materials:Treatment plans from a Gamma Knife Center with an 11 year history of use of the manual positioning Model U Gamma Knife (2482 treatments) and a one year history with the Model 4C with APS (233 treatments) were retrospectively examined. The labor‐saving feature of the new device was expected to encourage more elaborate planning with smaller helmet sizes, leading to increased number of shots and better Conformality Index. Treatment of patients with non‐malignant tumors in patients with long life expectancy were examined statistically, as well as metastatic tumors.Results: The total number of shots per patient for all treatments increased from 7.3 to 10.8. Acoustic neuromas were treated with 10.8 shots with the new APS system versus 6.5 with the old system, while target coverage increased from 97.7% to 98.7% and Conformality Index improved from 1.89 to 1.50, all significant at p<0.05. Meningiomas showed similar increase in shots (from 9.3 to 14.9), improvement in coverage from 96.0% to 97.8% and improvement in Conformality Index from 1.81 to 1.55. Metastatic tumors were treated with more shots and better coverage while the CI was slightly decreased. Conclusion: The burden of all new technology, especially when it is costly, is to demonstrate evidence based improvements in treatment. The Leksell APS system simultaneously reduces error rate through a Record and Verify system while encouraging planners to create more elaborate plans without straining staff resources or patient tolerance. It is too early to demonstrate better patient outcome but the trend is encouraging.


An optical rotatory angle measurement system based on NI-DAQmx is designed according to the characte-ristic of mass data acquisition and analysis.The phase-locked amplifier is introduced,and the design and realization of data acquisition,conditioning,storage,and display are also described.


Over the past few decades, scientists have come to acknowledge the growing importance of marine and marine-related resources for new drugs, pesticides and anti-fouling substances, with over 10,000 metabolites isolated from marine organisms to date. In an effort to tap into the pharmaceutical potential of marine fungi in Malaysia, selected marine derived endophytic and manglicolous fungi from the coastlines of Peninsular Malaysia were investigated for their antibacterial potential. The endophytic fungi in this study were isolated from two marine associated plants; Vitex rotundifolia L.f. and Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R.Br., from the east and west coast of Peninsular Malaysia respectively. A total of 13 and 21 endophytic fungi were isolated from V. rotundifolia and I. pes-caprae, respectively. The eleven manglicolous fungi strains used in this study were of mangrove origin and were obtained from the Institute of Biological Sciences (ISB) culture collection. In preliminary experiments, a mycelial plug assay was employed to study the antibacterial activities of both endophytic and manglicolous fungi. Almost 38.5% of the fungal strains from V. rotundifolia and 47.6% of the fungal strains from I. pes-caprae exhibited antibacterial activity against at least one test bacteria. Ten or 91% of the manglicolous fungi exhibited antibacterial activity against at least one test bacteria. Endophytic fungi from I. pes-caprae displayed higher potential for antibacterial activity in comparison to endophytic fungi from V. rotundifolia. Minimidochium sp. and Bipolaris sp. displayed antibacterial activity towards five or more of the test bacteria. Ten or 91% of the eleven manglicolous fungi displayed antibacterial activity. Saccardoella rhizophorae, Henningsomyces sp., Dactylospora haliotrepha (ISB003) and MF 28 exhibited promising antibacterial potential. Based on the results from the mycelial plug assay, five endophytic and ten manglicolous fungi were further investigated using the broth microdilution assay to obtain quantitative antibacterial parameters. Saccardoella rhizophorae was chosen for complete chemical analysis of its secondary metabolite profile. Bioactivity-guided fractionation of S. rhizophorae crude extract resulted in the isolation and characterization of two fatty acids namely palmitic acid and linoleic acid from the n-hexane fraction. Both isolated fatty acids exhibited antibacterial activity against gram positive bacteria. Certain fatty acids are important constituents of essential oils and fatty acids, such as linoleic acid, are important as nutritional supplements. Fatty acids are also essential in the field of biodiesel which is fast becoming the preferred alternate to conventional fuel with research being performed to identify sustainable sources of biodiesel feedstock. The isolation of fatty acids from S. rhizophorae indicates its potential application in the field of food technology and biodiesel. Although Malaysia hosts a great diversity of fungi, there are very few studies on metabolites of fungal origin, thus this study may prove crucial in paving the way towards commercial application of fungal metabolites and possibly lead to further discovery of new or novel fungal metabolites with pharmacological values.


The numerical solution of a fractional optimal control problem having a quadratic performance index is proposed and analyzed. The performance index of the fractional optimal control problem is considered as a function of both the state and the control variables. The dynamic constraint is expressed as a fractional differential equation that includes an integer derivative in addition to the fractional derivative. The order of the fractional derivative is taken as less than one and described in the Caputo sense. Based on the shifted Legendre orthonormal polynomials, we employ the operational matrix of fractional derivatives, the Legendre–Gauss quadrature formula and the Lagrange multiplier method for reducing such a problem into a problem consisting of solving a system of algebraic equations. The convergence of the proposed method is analyzed. For confirming the validity and accuracy of the proposed numerical method, a numerical example is presented along with a comparison between our numerical results and those obtained using the Legendre spectral-collocation method.


Coordination models in supply chain have been widely studied. More of them assume that demand is deterministic and mostly single buyer. In this research a model of coordination for single manufacturer and multi-buyers with probabilistic demand has been developed. In this study, an algorithm is developed to solve mathematical models that have been made. The effect of changing parameters of model behavior were assessed with sensitivity analysis on several decision variables such as ordering cycle, number of deliveries and total inventory cost. Compensation model for buyer have also been developed and compared with non coordination model. Numerical experiments are used to illustrate total cost of supply chain when implementing coordination. The result show that coordination gives better performance for the entire system rather than without any coordination. Based on the results of experiment, the coordination gives savings $ 39,690 or 37% of the total cost without coordination. The compensation awarded is $ 0.024 / unit for first buyer and $ 0.010 / unit for the second buyer. The third buyer does not get any compensation. Keyword: Inventory, Supply Chain Management, Probabilistic demand, Coordination.


The research at hand has been carried out on behalf of the XY group. The company is headquartered in XY/Germany and is active in the temporary staffing industry. From its
subsidiary in XY/Germany (located at the German-Dutch boarder) the company has been dispatching little quantities of German workers to the Netherlands for several years now.
However, the management is estimating that there is more growth potential for the company on the Dutch market and has also developed some ideas where and how to get on the market. The company eventually decided to conduct a professional market analysis regarding its possibilities
in the neighboring country. Within this research it will be systematically investigated whether XY should enter the Dutch market and which market entry option is then most appropriate