The p21 activated kinase 1(PAK1) gene encodes a serine/threonine kinase that is overexpressed in a subset of human breast carcinomas with poor prognosis. The laboratory rat (Rattus norvegicus)orthologous gene is located at Mammary carcinoma susceptibility 3 (Mcs3) QTL on rat chromosome 1. We used quantitative PCR to determine effects of Mcs3 genotype and 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) exposure on Pak1expression. There was no effect of Mcs3genotype; however,there was a 3.5-fold higher Pak1level in DMBA-exposed mammary glands compared to unexposed glands (p<0.05). Sequence variants in Pak1exons did not alter amino acid sequence between Mcs3susceptible and resistant strains. Protein expression of PAK1/Pak1 in human breast carcinomas and DMBA-exposed rat mammary glands was detected using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Rat mammary glands from 12-week-old females not exposed to DMBA were negative for Pak1, while 24% of carcinogen-exposed mammary glands from age-matched females stained positive for Pak1. The positive mammary glands exposed to carcinogen had no pathological signs of disease. Human breast carcinomas, used as comparative controls, had a 22% positivity rats. This was consistent with other human breast cancer studies of PAK1 expression. Similar frequencies of human/rat PAK1/Pak1 expression in female breast carcinomas and carcinogen-induced rat mammary glands, showing no visible pathogenesis of disease, suggests aberrant PAK1 expression is an early event in development of some breast cancers. Laboratory rats will be a useful experimental organism for comparative studies of Pak1-mediated mechanisms of breast carcinogenesis. Future studies of PAK1 as a diagnostic marker of early breast disease are warranted.


The first reports about multicellular prokaryotic communities [1] stated their presence in all natural environments. The description of these microbial communities or biofilms was achieved approximately 30 years later by Costerton and his team, which pointed out the very significant role of adherent microorganisms in human infectious diseases [2]. A biofilm is a sessile microbial community composed of cells embedded in a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances attached to a substratum or interface. The matrix is primarily of microbial origin and the cells embedded in this matrix exhibit a modified phenotype, especially concerning the growth rate and gene transcription [3]. The biofilm may be constituted of a single or many microbial species and is considered as a signifying a survival strategy, this structure being less susceptible to adverse environmental conditions and stress factors. The most important discovery in the last years is that the adherent bacteria are phenotypically very different from their planktonic bacteria [4, 5], the infections with microbial pathogens growing in biofilms being very different when compared to the infections determined by planktonic cells, due to their different behaviour, generation time and susceptibility to antimicrobial agents [4]. Recent public announcements stated that 60% to 85% of all microbial infections involve biofilms developed on natural tissues (skin, mucosa, endothelial epithelia, teeth, bones) or artificial devices (central venous, peritoneal and urinary catheters, dental materials, cardiac valves, intrauterine contraceptive devices, contact lenses, different types of implants). Thus, prosthetic medical devices are risk factors for of chronic infections in developed countries and these infections are characterized by slow onset, middle intensity symptoms, chronic evolution and resistance to antibiotic treatment. Biofilm microbes involved in biofilm associated diseases a very large spectrum, from the Gram positive (Staphylococcus epidermidis and S. aureus) to the Gram negative pathogens (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli) and to different members of the Candida genus (particularly C. albicans, C. parapsilosis). The pathogenesis of these infections is implicating: resistance to host defense mechanisms; pro-inflammatory effect due to the production of endotoxins (LPS) by Gram negative pathogens leading to a pyogenic reaction; the matrix of biofilm favors the maintenance of infection by nutrients accumulation, simulatenously extending the log phase; detachment of single cells / aggregates is promoting bacterial dissemination (urinary and systemic infections); high resistance or tolerance to antibiotics and other antimicrobials. In case of biofilm development, a series of genes (40 60 % of the prokaryotic genome) are modulated (activated/inhibited) by complex cell to cell signalling mechanisms and the biofilm`cells become phenotypically distinct from their counterpart free cells, being more resistant to stress conditions. Adherence and biofilms formation confer to bacterial cells resistance to host defence mechanisms, both unspecific (i.e. clearance, lysozyme, phagocytes, complement system)and specific (antibodies (1000x ≥). The human body has defence mechanisms which are efficient against a high number of free bacteria (10 cells) in sterile organs (heart, lungs, peritoneum), whereas much less (10 sessile or adherent cells) can cause persistent infections in the same organs [6]. The biofilm cells are also resistant to all kind of antimicrobial substances: antibiotics, antiseptics, disinfectants; this kind of resistance, consecutive to biofilm formation is phenotypical, behavioural and, more recently, called TOLERANCE. The biofilm phenotype can reduce antimicrobial susceptibility and increase tolerance up to 1000 4000 times, evidently decreasing the antimicrobial efficiency and leading to clinical therapeutical failures. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), determined by standard assay is clearly in contrast with the minimal biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) [7].


Personality is portrayed as a genuinely settled element of a person which demonstrates person's inclinations. Personality has been appeared to be applicable to numerous kinds of connections, for example, in foreseeing film inclinations, social connections, personality and music, and relationship amongst's personality and occupation execution. Foreseeing personality from webbased social networking turn into the present pattern which extract data that can be used to enhance the clients' encounters with different automated interfaces. In this paper, examine about the personality classification and the different methodologies of the personality classification.


Almost all results in model theory of arithmetic are about elementary extensions. I will talk about an effort to systematize those results. If M and N are models of arithmetic and M ≺ N , how much information is there in Th((N,M)) in relation to Th(N)? In what situations is there a form of elimination of quantifiers for Th((N,M))? Is there a complete set of isomorphism invariants for such pairs? What is the diversity among theories of elementary pairs in general, and in situations where some of the isomorphism invariants are fixed? What is the right notion of genericity for elementary pairs? In the tutorial, I will introduce basic techniques that allow to approach such questions and I will talk about recent related results by Richard Kaye, Tin Lok Wong, Jim Schmerl, and myself. The results are specificifically about models of Peano Arithmetic, but the techniques are of general interest in model theory. Not all topics listed below will be covered in depth. Instead, I will concentrate on basic concepts and specific examples. Lecture 1 Indiscernible types and their applications. Models generated by indiscernibles. Gaps, interstices, and intersticial gaps. Rare and ubiquitous types. Lecture 2 The case of end extensions. Nonstandard standard systems. Classification of elementary cuts in recursively saturated models and in saturated models. Free cuts, generic cuts, and pseudostandard cuts. Lecture 3 The case of cofinal extensions. Greatest common initial segments. Bases. Finitely genereted extensions. Lattices of elementary substructures.


Dr Ronald Gray, Fellow of Emmanuel College, lectured at Cambridge University on German Literature and Philosophy for 33 years, and now expands his article, "Will in the Universe: Shakespeare's Sonnets, Plato's Symposium, Alchemy and Renaissance Neo-Platonism," published in Shakespeare Survey 59 (Cambridge University Press, 2006). This developed from his Goethe the Alchemist: A Study of Alchemical Symbolism in Goethe's Literary and Scientific Works, 1952, greeted on publication as "a major contribution to Goethe Studies." Diotima's vision of universal love in The Symposium is echoed not only in Castiglione's The Courtier but in alchemy, in its symbolical sense; these, together with Christian ideas combined in Shakespeare's imagination, strongly influenced the Sonnets. Where possible, Shakespeare inserted themes of the Sonnets in his plays. The result is a paradoxical combination of mysticism, sometimes erotic, in the Sonnets, with real situations and real lovers in both Sonnets and plays. The supreme realisation of the Dark Lady is Cleopatra, but the Lady also has mythic dimensions.


Linalool is a monoterpene compound reported to be a major component of essential oils of several aromatic species. Several linalool-producing species are used in traditional medical systems, including A. suaveolens, used as anticonvulsant in the Brazilian Amazon. We evaluated the effects of linalool given systematically to mice on experimental models useful for detecting psychopharmacological activity. The results show that this compound has dose dependent marked effects at the Central Nervous System, including hypnotic, anticonvulsant and hypothermic. The effects of linalool revealed by this evaluation are useful to understand the traditional medical use of several plant species in different continents and point to the validity of exploring terpenes as sources of new anticonvulsant agents.


A high-capacity digital light deflector (DLD) using Wollaston prisms as the passive elements is described. It is shown that, for a 1-cm aperture, approximately 4(10)6 resolvable positions with a crosstalk ratio of 17 dB are theoretically possible. A manually-operated model was constructed that gave 1/4(10)6 resolvable positions with a crosstalk ratio of 20 to 28 dB. The output positions of the model showed resolution approximately equal to that set by diffraction theory. The problems associated with imperfect modulators are discussed and the characteristics of three different schemes of operation are calculated. Results from experiments with one such scheme, the reflection mode of operation, are given. They compare favorably with the calculations.


The design of control systems for ac microprocessor drives is considered. In particular, the operating error of a closed control system for thyristor frequency converters with direct coupling is determined. The possibility of microprocessor control based on the principle of reducing to zero the error integral formed by the difference between the control voltage and the output voltage of the converter power circuit is analyzed


A compact formulation for calculation of polar tensors on the basis of bond moment hypothesis has been developed. This has been used to calculate the bond moments and their derivatives of COF2 from integrated infrared intensity data. The calculated dipole moment is −0.93 D. The observed value is −0.95 D. A unique sign combination has been obtained.


Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Thomayer Teaching Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Department of Neurology, Thomayer Teaching Hospital and Institute for Postgraduate Education in Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic Department of Radiology, Na Homolce Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic Department of Neurology, District Hospital, Krnov, Czech Republic


The role of duplex imaging and measurement of ambulatory venous pressure (AVP) in the preoperative assessment of patients with venous insufficiency (VI) and primary varicose veins (VV) was investigated.


Brazil is the largest world producer of yellow passion fruit, but the mean yield (14.3t.ha-1) is less than half the potential of the crop. Part of this difference can be explained by plant health problems, including anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum spp. In regions with favorable climatic conditions, anthracnose can be a factor of significant yield reduction, but these regions have not yet been zoned. The objective of this study was to model the pre-infection dynamics of the fungus. The influence of temperature and photoperiod was studied on mycelia growth, sporulation and conidia germination. Mathematical models were fitted to the results and the optima for the environmental variables were estimated. The maximum mycelia growth was estimated to occur at 26.5°C. Between 24.5°C and 28.5°C the fungus grew from 95% to 100% of the estimated maximum. Temperatures below 13°C or above 34°C were harmful to mycelia growth. Temperatures over 26°C were the most favorable to sporulation while below 13°C sporulation was only 5% of the maximum. Optimum germination occurred between 25°C and 29°C with the ideal wetness period between 11h and 13h. These results can be used as a basis for zoning the risk of anthracnose occurrence in passion fruit producing regions. Significance and Impact of the Study Many diseases affect the yellow passion fruit crop, limiting its yield; among them anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum spp. The disease occurs in both field (leaf and stem symptoms) and post-harvest (fruits) conditions. Understanding the role environmental conditions play in the biological cycle of such diseases is essential for developing management strategies. By modelling mycelial growth, spore production and spore germination of Colletotrichum spp. as affected by temperature, photoperiod and wetness period, it was possible to characterize the pathogen's pre-infectional dynamics. The results should be used as a first approximation to estimate the risk of anthracnose occurrence in pre- or post-harvest.


OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy and safety of sequential low dose human menopausal gonadotropins(HMG) protocol in ovulation induction of polycystic ovary syndrome related infertile patients with clomiphene(CC) resistance.METHODS Forty-five PCOS related infertile patients with CC resistance were enrolled for ovulation induction by sequential low dose HMG protocol,using urinary HMG(Menotrophin) 66 cycles.Follicular development was monitored by transvaginal ultrasonography and serum estradiol(E_(2)) detection. RESULTS 62 out of 66 cycles ovulated,among them 15 had monofollicle development.20 patient achieved single pregnancy,4 twin and 1 multiple gestation.No severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome(OHSS),local or systemic side effect was seen.CONCLUSION Sequential low dose HMG protocol is an effective and safe choice in inducing ovulation for CC-resistant PCOS infertile case.Transvaginal ultrasonography is important for appropriate dose adjustment and avoidance of cancellation or OHSS.


SUMMARY

V4604, a Cambridge University accession of Phaseolus vulgaris, had a high degree of leaf resistance to race 1 of Pseudomonas phaseolicola and partial resistance to race 2. Genetic control of resistance to race 1 was by a major dominant gene which is also present in the cv. Red Mexican. The partial resistance of V4604 to race 2 was under polygenic control, as was the low level resistance to race 2 in V4058.


Sheet metal NC incremental forming process can form the sheet metal parts quickly and economically without using dies.But the decline of the formed part surface finish which is caused by friction between the tool and the surface,has limited the popularization and application of this technology.Cladding NC incremental forming technology based on the experimental foundation was put forward.By using plastic film and the different thickness of aluminum sheets as claddings,some researches on the influence of claddings materials and lubrication to surface finish were done.The experiment proves that using good plastic metal claddings with lubrication between cladding and workpiece,can effectively reduce the friction and make sheet metal parts high surface finish without any scratch.


Simple Summary The prognostic assessment of older cancer patients is complicated by their heterogeneity. We aimed to assess the prognostic value of routinely measured inflammatory biomarkers. We performed a pooled analysis of prospective multicenter cohorts of cancer patients aged ≥70. We measured CRP and albumin, and calculated Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS) and CRP/albumin ratio. The GPS has three levels (0 = CRP ≤ 10 mg/L, albumin ≥ 35 g/L, i.e., normal values; 1 = one abnormal value; 2 = two abnormal values). Overall, 1800 patients were analyzed (mean age: 79 ± 6; males: 62%; metastases: 38%). The GPS and CRP/albumin ratio were independently associated with mortality. The discriminative power of the baseline clinical model was increased by adding GPS and CRP/albumin ratio. Routine inflammatory biomarkers add prognostic value to clinical factors in older cancer patients. Abstract Background: The prognostic assessment of older cancer patients is complicated by their heterogeneity. We aimed to assess the prognostic value of routine inflammatory biomarkers. Methods: A pooled analysis of prospective multicenter cohorts of cancer patients aged ≥70 was performed. We measured CRP and albumin, and calculated Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS) and CRP/albumin ratio. The GPS has three levels (0 = CRP ≤ 10 mg/L, albumin ≥ 35 g/L, i.e., normal values; 1 = one abnormal value; 2 = two abnormal values). One-year mortality was assessed using Cox models. Discriminative power was assessed using Harrell's C index (C) and net reclassification improvement (NRI). Results: Overall, 1800 patients were analyzed (mean age: 79 ± 6; males: 62%; metastases: 38%). The GPS and CRP/albumin ratio were independently associated with mortality in patients not at risk of frailty (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] = 4.48 [2.03–9.89] for GPS1, 11.64 [4.54–29.81] for GPS2, and 7.15 [3.22–15.90] for CRP/albumin ratio > 0.215) and in patients at risk of frailty (2.45 [1.79–3.34] for GPS1, 3.97 [2.93–5.37] for GPS2, and 2.81 [2.17–3.65] for CRP/albumin ratio > 0.215). The discriminative power of the baseline clinical model (C = 0.82 [0.80–0.83]) was increased by adding GPS (C = 0.84 [0.82–0.85]; NRI events (NRI+) = 10% [2–16]) and CRP/albumin ratio (C = 0.83 [0.82–0.85]; NRI+ = 14% [2–17]). Conclusions: Routine inflammatory biomarkers add prognostic value to clinical factors in older cancer patients.


With the distributed generator (DG) and active load infiltrating into the distribution network, the interaction between load and power source in the new generation distribution network will be increasingly enhanced. As a result, the fault location method based on single measurement information is no longer applicable. In this paper, we determine the approximate area of the fault location with obtaining the residual value of state estimation. Further, by analyzing the change of Clarke current phase angle difference at both ends of each section, the fault criterion in the line section is obtained, and the fault is located according to this criterion. The proposed method requires the measurement data from supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA), power quality monitoring system (PQMS), as well as other monitoring systems to implement state estimation and requires the current measurement data to carry out Clark Transformation. Moreover, the phase-angle differences of the Clark currents of the selected sections are sent to the master server to judge which section has faulted. Finally, an example is given to demonstrate the availability and accuracy of the method with MATLAB/Simulink. The result shows that the measurement information and criterion increase is achieved more effectively by improving fault section location.


Abstract The Ecological Model posits a multilevel approach to understanding of and strengthening social networks of community based older adults. We present findings from our intervention, network analysis, and efforts at influencing policy making at the state level to better prepare them for pre and post disaster and emergency situations. At the individual-level, we implemented the Disaster PrepWise program to help community-based older adults develop personal disaster plans. We found increases in personal emergency network size by an average of three non-familial individuals. At the community-level, we evaluated two disaster management networks in Eastern Iowa counties. We found strong collaborations in disaster planning and response among 44 governmental and community-based organizations, but weaker collaborations in supporting older residents, suggesting a need in this area. At the policy-level, we are developing a state-level network of organizations to address policy barriers to effectively support older Iowans.


Operations involving safe interactions in unstructured environments require robots with adapting behaviors. Compliant manipulators are a promising technology to achieve this goal. Despite that, some classical control problems such as following a trajectory are still open. A typical solution is to compensate the system dynamics with feedback loops. However, this solution increases the effective robot stiffness and jeopardizes the safety property provided by the compliant design. On the other hand, purely feedforward approaches can achieve good tracking performance while preserving the robot intrinsic compliance. However, a feedforward control framework for robots with passive elastic joints is still missing. This article presents an iterative learning control algorithm for purely feedforward trajectory tracking for compliant underactuated arms. Each arm is composed of active elastic joints and a generic number of passive ones connected through rigid links. We prove the convergence of the iterative method, also in the presence of uncertainties and bounded disturbances. Different output functions are analyzed providing conditions, based on the system inertial properties that ensure the algorithm applicability. Additionally, an automatic selection of the learning gain is proposed. Finally, we extensively validate the theoretical results with simulations and experiments.


Injection of a water-soluble nonantigenic fraction obtained from lysed sheep red blood cells virtually abolishes the subsequent immune response to the red cells. The suppression is systemic and appears to be serum mediated.


During the history of space exploration, ever improving instruments have continued to enable new measurements and discoveries. Focusing on plasma sensors, we examine the processes by which such new instrument innovations have occurred over the past decades. Due to risk intolerance prevalent in many NASA space missions, innovations in plasma instrumentation occur primarily when heritage systems fail to meet science requirements, functional requirements as part of its space platform, or design constraints. We will review such innovation triggers in the context of the design literature and with the help of two case studies, the Fast Imaging Plasma Spectrometer on MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging and the Fast Plasma Investigation on Magnetosphere Multiscale. We will then discuss the anticipated needs for new plasma instrument innovations to enable the science program of the next decade.


Currently, teaching with technology has become crucial. This case study investigated the beliefs and goals of four middle school mathematics teachers regarding a dynamic mathematics software: GeoGebra. The participants of the study were four mathematics teachers working in public middle schools in Turkey. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews, lesson observations and perceived technology, pedagogy and content knowledge surveys. Data analysis revealed a consensus on GeoGebra's usefulness in teaching units that link geometry and algebra. Most of the participants integrated GeoGebra to provide students with an explorative environment in which students were supported with feedback. Teachers' goals of using the software were found to be providing visual representations, facilitating students' learning, increasing students' engagement, as well as decreasing their workload and saving time. Moreover, teachers listed several challenges such as classroom management and lesson planning. Despite the challenges they faced, teachers were willing to integrate the software into their lessons. Therefore, complementary workshops were seemed to be necessary to overcome these challenges. These workshops might aim at providing the necessary 21st-century competencies for mathematics teachers to integrate the software into their lessons effectively.


We present a detailed study on effectively surface-passivated aluminium-doped p emitters to further enhance the efficiency of our n-type silicon solar cells featuring a full-area screen-printed Al-alloyed rear emitter. We investigated two different passivation layers both well suited for highly doped p silicon: plasma-enhancedchemical-vapour-deposited amorphous silicon (a-Si) and atomic-layer-deposited aluminium oxide (Al2O3). We show that for an effective emitter passivation (i) a careful preparation of the emitter surface and (ii) low emitter thicknesses are essential. Combining these two aspects, we have achieved extraordinary high implied open-circuit voltages of 673 mV for a-Siand 679 mV for Al2O3-passivated Al-alloyed emitters, corresponding to emitter saturation current densities of 128 fA/cm and 89 fA/cm, respectively.


Gonadotropin-releasing hormone induces oscillatory release of Ca2+ from inositol trisphosphate-sensitive stores of gonadotropes. Simultaneously with electrophysiological measures of cytoplasmic [Ca2+], corresponding changes in [Ca2+] within intracellular stores were monitored with a fluorescent dye, mag-indo-1. Each cycle of oscillation released only 10% of the detectable stored Ca2+. Some Ca2+ was recovered by the stores using a mechanism sensitive to inhibitors of intracellular Ca2+ATPases, and much of the remainder was temporarily and rapidly pumped into other intracellular compartments or out of the cell. The dynamics of Ca2+ oscillations are thus more complex than a repeated emptying and refilling of a single compartment. The free concentrations measured show that intracellular Ca2+ store compartments contain strong Ca2+ buffers. Many studies describe oscillations of cytoplasmic calcium ([Ca2+]o) during mobilization from intracellular stores (1, 2) but complementary oscillatory changes of [Ca2+] in the stores themselves have not been described. In rat gonadotropes, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) induces [Ca2+]i oscillations that can persist for many cycles in the absence of extracellular Ca2+ (3-6). This suggests that the intracellular stores in gonadotropes may have a large reserve of Ca2+, that the reuptake of cytoplasmic Ca2+ into the stores is very efficient, or both. Here we examine these possibilities by attempting to measure [Ca2+] in stores directly by using the fluorescence signals of a low-affinity Ca2+-sensitive dye trapped in intracellular compartments. Others have shown that membrane-permeant forms of Ca2+-sensitive dyes can accumulate in intracellular organelles (7, 8), that one can look at organelle Ca2+ signals in isolation by permeabilizing the plasma membrane and allowing any cytoplasmic dye to drain out (9-11), and that added inositol trisphosphate (IP3) will reduce [Ca2+] reported by the trapped dye. We extend this method to use intact cells.


A new self-documenting method of constructing Karnaugh maps that assigns a unique identifier to each element in a Boolean minterm expression and uses these identifiers to construct the map is discussed. This method provides an immediate "audit trial" for the map's creation and facilitates the teaching of Karnaugh maps by including enough information within the map to show the exact method used to construct the map. During the grading process, this information enables the teacher to better assess a student's level of understanding of the Karnaugh map technique by highlighting exactly where errors were made. It also enhances a student's understanding of Karnaugh map construction during a lecture.


Abstract The aim of this paper is to characterise changes in frequency of occurrence of anomalous yearly sums of atmospheric precipitation in the Lublin region in the period 1951-2000. In the second half of the 20th century negative precipitation anomaly occurred in a larger number of stations than the positive anomaly. Particularly strong anomalies were observed in two decades (1951-1960 and 1981-1990). However, during two following decades (1961-1970 and 1971-1980) the positive anomaly occurred in more stations.


A dual active bridge (DAB) is a zero-voltage switching (ZVS) high-power isolated dc-dc converter. The development of a 15-kV SiC insulated-gate bipolar transistor switching device has enabled a noncascaded medium voltage (MV) isolated dc-dc DAB converter. It offers simple control compared to a cascaded topology. However, a compact-size high frequency (HF) DAB transformer has significant parasitic capacitances for such voltage. Under high voltage and high dV/dT switching, the parasitics cause electromagnetic interference and switching loss. They also pose additional challenges for ZVS. The device capacitance and slowing of dV/dT play a major role in deadtime selection. Both the deadtime and transformer parasitics affect the ZVS operation of the DAB. Thus, for the MV-DAB design, the switching characteristics of the devices and MV HF transformer parasitics have to be closely coupled. For the ZVS mode, the current vector needs to be between converter voltage vectors with a certain phase angle defined by deadtime, parasitics, and desired converter duty ratio. This paper addresses the practical design challenges for an MV-DAB application.


The article contains the results of research aimed at developing a scientific and methodological framework for justifying solutions for the development of distributed information-control systems of an organizational type. The structuring of the initial data is made, a formalized statement of the problem of justifying solutions for the development of distributed information-control systems of the organizational type is proposed. To solve this problem, a scientific-methodical approach is proposed, which includes methods for assessing the effectiveness of the solution and the individual indicators.


A general model is developed for salmon run reconstruction based on catch, escapement, and age composition data. The model is based on "groups" of salmon, each of which share the same characteristics but can differ from other groups in run timing, abundance, gear selectivity, and migration routes. The model is highly flexible so that it can be adapted to a variety of fisheries and can compare the fits of alternative hypotheses to available data. The model is applied to three sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) districts in Bristol Bay, Alaska, USA, to show the effect of allowing age classes to arrive at different times and the impact of including process errors to mimic day-to-day arrival variability. The model predicts that in 2005, Wood River salmon comprised only 54% of the catch in the Nushagak fishing district (but 71% of the escapement), although these predictions are contradicted by genetic data for 2006–2008 showing high harvest rates of Wood River and Nushagak River fish but only light harvest ra...


Thank you for reading stylepedia a guide to graphic design mannerisms quirks and conceits. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search hundreds times for their chosen books like this stylepedia a guide to graphic design mannerisms quirks and conceits, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some malicious bugs inside their desktop computer.


Pooled spleen cell suspensions were obtained from CBA mice immunized with 5 × 108 plaque-forming units (PFU) T4 bacteriophage at times up to 7 days previously, and were transferred into normal isogenic recipients. Analysis of the sera of recipient mice showed that little or no antibody was produced unless the transferred cells were isolated at times when the donors were already making high levels of anti-T4 antibody. It is considered that, for this antigen at least, there is a critical period during the early part of the response when the integrity of the spleen is essential, and when cell-to-cell interactions may occur.


To foster adaptive expertise in pre-clerkship clinical training, the use of problem-based and team-based learning has been widely implemented. However, adaptive rather than routine expertise also requires learners to respond to novel tasks and participate in self-regulation and evaluation which is challenging to incorporate into case-based learning, without significantly expanding extraneous workload on students and facilitators. Thus, we aimed to adapt an existing case-based learning session to incorporate a novel and timely clinical reasoning appraisal activity using OpenAI's ChatGPT to facilitate learning of complex topics without adding non-essential burden on participants.


Abstract The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between the sector of the conducted business and the approach to the ownership and rental of real estate used for business purposes, particularly considering the short-term aspect and space sharing. The research uses data obtained from 102 randomly selected Polish enterprises to explore the relationship between the sector and (1) the preferred legal title to real estate (2) acceptance of short-term rental of real estate and (3) acceptance of space sharing. The relationships in all three areas were found. The sectors of production, hotels and restaurants, construction, and transport lean towards ownership. Enterprises operating in the sector of services and trade prefer rental. The sectors of production, hotels and restaurants and transport are skeptical about short-term rental. Services and trade and construction are open to such rental. The sectors of production and hotels and restaurants are skeptical about space sharing. Transport, trade, and construction are clearly open to such an opportunity. The research limitations are as follows: the research is limited to Polish randomly selected enterprises only, and the results cannot be generalized. The originality/value of this paper is revealed in the fact that this paper outlines a short-term rental and ownership perception from an entrepreneurial-managerial view. The novelty of the presented results consists in filling the gap by conducting the research considering the specification of rental and its narrowing down to a short period and space sharing in the context of the sector.


The Last Song written by Nicholas Sparks is a novel that tells about family conflict that begins from the divorce between the parents and involves their children. The children must face the reality about their parents' divorce when they are at the age of ten and seventeen. Not only for their children, but the divorce also brings an impact to the main male character, Steve Miller, in this novel. There is misunderstanding at the beginning in children's comprehension about the causes of the divorce in their family. But after they know, especially the daughter, everything has changed between the main male character and his children. The aims of this study are to analyze the cause of the divorce and the impact of divorce on male male character, Steve Miller, as reflected in Nicholas Sparks's The Last Song. The writer uses psychological approach to analyse the cause and the impact of the divorce on the main male character, Steve Miller, as reflected in Nicholas Sparks's The Last Song. The writer also uses qualitative research method. The primary data are taken from the copy of novel The Last Song (2010) in the form quotation, phrase, and clauses or in the form of sentences that are related to the points discussed in this research. While, the secondary data are taken from all the analysis and criticism related to the novel. This secondary data of this research are also taken from some library documents and internet sources. The result of this study shows that the cause of the divorce in Nicholas Sparks's The Last Song is because the male main character's wife had affair with the stranger that he does not know before. It makes the communication with his wife is rarely done. It also involves their children and makes the relationship between father and daughter is broken. Not only to the relationship between the family members, but this divorce also give effects to the main character's psychological and physical states.


Like other developing democracies in the Global South, the current state of electoral democracy in post-1986 Philippines is not an exception: it is mired in deep contradictions, insurmountable challenges, and long-standing instabilities. The view that Philippine electoral democracy is a brilliant achievement by itself for the Filipino people is an utter misnomer: This means that it is profoundly characterized by an unfortunate praxis of rigged electoral processes, a highly elitist capitalist society, a regrettably rotten bureaucracy, a pervasive national sense of cynicism towards matters pertaining to the country's res publica and a cadre of politicians whose amour de soi over-shadows the much-needed sense of public interest which is for serving their respective constituencies. Income, Assets, Access


Most results on pattern containment deal more directly with pattern avoidance, or the enumeration and characterization of strings which avoid a given set of patterns. Little research has been conducted regarding the word size required for a word to contain all patterns of a given set of patterns. The set of patterns for which containment is sought in this thesis is the set of preferential arrangements of a given length. The term preferential arrangement denotes strings of characters in which repeated characters are allowed, but not necessary. Cardinalities for sets of all preferential arrangements of given lengths and alphabet sizes are found, as well as cardinalities for sets where reversals fall into the same equivalence class and for sets in higher dimensions. The minimum word length and the word length necessary for a strict superpattern to contain all preferential arrangements for alphabet sizes two and three are also detailed.


This reference provides an account of the classical approach to economics. It contains 200 short entries in a dictionary format on all the significant areas of this school of thought. Together, the two volumes offer analytical and historical views of old and modern classical economics.


Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic incidious disease of the oral mucosa characterized by inflammation and a progressive fibrosis of the lamina propria and deeper connective tissues. It is a condition predominantly seen among people of Indian subcontinent and areca nut chewing has been strongly associated with the onset and progression of the disease. Various other etiologic factors like genetic, immunologic, nutritional, autoimmune have been also implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease. With the easily availability and effective economic pricing of commercial available areca nut the frequency of the disease has increased by many folds in the developing nations. Various treatment modalities are now available but the cessation of the habit should be prime importance during the treatment planning. The treatment of patient of OSMF depends on the degree of involvement. The aim of this paper is to discuss about the various factors involved in the etiopathogenesis of the disease along with the medical management for the patients of OSMF. Furthermore, since the aetiology is mostly linked to a habit, healthcare professionals have a very important role to play in terms of lifestyle modification advice, which may significantly decrease the disease incidence, progression and morbidity, if not mortality.


This paper proposes a system which datamines time series classification knowledge leading by a discovery of feature patterns. In the case of classification, prediction accuracy is an important point, and to build a human understandable model is another essential issue. To satisfy these requests, our system runs in two stages. In the first stage, the system discovers important feature patterns which are useful for identifying data. For this purpose, we propose a feature importance measure which is called FI. The second stage builds a decision tree that determines class membership based on the feature patterns. We explain how these two stages are harmonized in the entire process.


The present invention is an improved apparatus and process for chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) layers which have a low dielectric constant (k). The present invention uses a magnetic slurry and a magnetic coil for polishing the wafer with the magnetic slurry. By using a magnetic slurry and a magnetic coil the force used during polishing can be con trolled resulting greater control over the CMP process during the polishing of low k materials.


The present paper is the first preliminary account of a project being planned for 2013, focussing on the development of the biomedico cluster in North Denmark. The project takes as its point of departure the establishment of a research and industrial policy initiative on Empovering Industry and Research which aims at contributing to the development of the biomedico cluster in North Denmark by bridging research, testing and commercialization in the field of health science. The project focusses on the relational capabilities of the cluster in terms of a number of organizational roles which are argued to be necessary for the development and growth of the upcoming cluster in question. Section 1 outlines the field of interest in the project, while section 2 discusses the theoretical point of departure for the research agenda of the project. Finally, section 3 outlines the research agenda.


Normal 0 21 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Analyzing the current situation of the agriculture in Romania, we can observe a fragmentation of the landed property, so that, the subsistence and the semi-subsistence farms hold 60% of the total agricultural areas utilized (13.2 million ha of agricultural land), and the commercial farms 40%. Concerning the number of farms, out of 3.856 thousand farms, 99.2% are subsistence and semi-subsistence and 0.8% is commercial farms. The current situation is unfavourable to agriculture development and rural default. This call for an accelerated association and cooperation process, leading to increased competitiveness by capitalizing agricultural products on the market corresponding qualitatively and quantitatively, and also the production adjustment to market requirements can be significantly accelerated.
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For the first time, in situ solid-state 7 Li-nuclear magnetic resonance ( 7 Li-NMR) has been successfully realized on a supple ultrathin plastic carbon/lithium cell at various steps of galvanostatic cycling. Two lines related with lithium insertion are reversibly observed, the minor one in the 0-17 ppm region attributed to intercalated lithium (with a charge transfer to carbon), while the position of the most important is down-field shifted during lithium insertion to reach values of ca. 110 ppm, characteristic of quasi-metallic lithium at full reduction of carbon. Taking into account the electrochemical results, the 7 Li-NMR data and the transmission electron microscopy observations on the host carbon, we propose a model which shows that lithium first intercalates in the small intervals between nanometer-size graphitic-type layers, and then penetrates the nanopores where growing quasi-metallic clusters are formed.


To assess whether delivery mode and duration of labour in a first labour of spontaneous onset is associated with gestational length, delivery mode and neonatal outcome in the subsequent pregnancy.


The main difficulties of designing the digitally controlled PFC is choosing control strategy and control parameters.The research on digital average current control strategy and the digital predictive average current control strategy are more popular.In this paper,the review of that two control strategy is emphasized.


When Mentos candies are dropped into a bottle of Diet Coke, a foamy fountain jets out of the beverage container. It has previously been argued that ingredients found in Mentos candies significantly enhance this fountaining effect. Other previous work has demonstrated that the kinetics of foam production can be quantitatively monitored using a device constructed from inexpensive, easily obtained materials. In the results reported here, students used this simple device to monitor the kinetics of foam production in the Diet Coke and Mentos experiment and to draw conclusions about the system. It was possible to model the kinetic data obtained using kinetic mechanisms that involve irreversible first-order steps. Furthermore, the data collected allowed students to acquire evidence that the kinetics of foam production appears to be unaffected by the presence of certain ingredients in candies and gums, in contrast to previous claims. Many of the protocols described herein can be carried out simply and inexpensively, making them useful for high school, introductory, and general chemistry courses. In addition, the kinetic data collected are of sufficient quality to allow for analysis sophisticated enough for use in student research projects and physical chemistry courses.


The Canary-Saharan area occupies a very particular region that has historically aroused a considerable socio-economic interest, first because it is the intersection of several trade routes, the productivity of their fishing grounds and the existence of large deposits of hydrocarbons. This last resource has aroused the ambition of the big European and North-American transnationals for decades. This article is to highlight the great historical journey that the searching of hydrocarbons has taken in the area, stopping in the period 1940-1980.


A system for monitoring an energy storage system composed of multiple cells connected in series has a chain of monitors including at least first and second monitors. The first monitor is configured for monitoring at least a first cell in the energy storage system to produce first monitored data. The second monitor is configured for monitoring at least a second cell in the energy storage system to produce second monitored data. The first monitor is further configured for transferring the first monitored data to the second monitor for delivery to a controller.


Two new species of catfish genus Trichomycterus are described from southeastern Brazil. Trichomycterus mimosensis new species is diagnosed by the number of pectoral-fin rays, the first pectoral-fin ray prolonged as a filament, the length of the pectoral-fin filament, the length of the dorsal-fin base, the morphology of the metapterygoid, the length of the maxillary barbel, the morphology of the hypobranchial 1, the width and depth of the head, the depth of the caudal peduncle, the shape of the head and caudal fin, and the colour pattern. Trichomycterus gasparinii new species is diagnosed by the number of pectoral-fin rays, the length of the pectoral-fin filament, the width of the head, the depth of the caudal peduncle, the arrangement of the odontodes on opercular path, the morphology of the metapterygoid and the caudal-fin shape.


Many biotherapeutics among which nucleic acid based drugs, pharmaceutical proteins and antigens, have to be delivered intracellularly to exert their biological effects. However, these therapeutics, because of their hydrophilic character and large size, do not spontaneously pass cellular membranes. An attractive approach to deliver these therapeutic in the target cell is to load them in nano-sized carriers. As first example, we designed reduction-sensitive cationic dextran nanogels in which an antigen (ovalbumin, OVA) was reversibly immobilized to the hydrogel network via disulfide bonds. These bonds are stable in the extracellular environment but are cleaved in the cytosol of dendritic cells due to the presence of glutathione resulting in triggered released of the loaded antigen. These OVA-loaded nanogels indeed showed intracellular release of OVA up on internalization by DCs and subsequently boost the MHC class I antigen presentation leading to activation of Tcells. In a prophylactic model, 90% of the mice vaccinated with OVA conjugated nanogels + poly I:C) as adjuvant were protected against tumor formation for 55 days. In a therapeutic model, 40% of the mice eliminated their tumor cells, which was remarkable compared to other groups in which none of the mice showed tumor cell killing [1, 2]. In another approach, cationic polymers containing either azide or strained alkyne groups were synthesized as electrostatic glue which complexed charged single stranded RNA (PolyU) to form a self-crosslinked polyplex core. An azide-modified model antigen (ovalbumin, OVA) and a BCN-modified mannosylated or galactosylated polymer were sequentially conjugated to the RNA core via disulfide bonds using copper free click chemistry to form the shell of the polyplexes. The generated reducible virus mimicking particles (VMPs) with a diameter of 200 nm and negatively surface charge (−14 mV) were colloidally stable in physiological conditions. The mannosylated VMPs (VMP-Man) showed 5 times higher cellular uptake by bone marrow derived DCs (BMDCs) compared to their galactosylated VMP (VMP-Gal) counterpart. Moreover, VMPMan efficiently activated DCs and greatly facilitated MHC I Ag presentation in vitro. Vaccination of mice with VMP-Man elicited strong OVA-specific CTL responses as well as humoral immune responses [3]. In another study, we reported on PEGylated NPs based on a hydroxylated PLGA polyester for the selective delivery of saporin, a cytotoxic protein, in the cytosol of HER2 positive cancer cells. This selective uptake was achieved by decorating the surface of the NPs with the 11A4 nanobody that is specific for the HER2 receptor. Confocal microscopy observations showed rapid and extensive uptake of the targeted NPs (11A4-NPs) by HER2 positive cells, but not by HER2 negative cells. Importantly, a dose dependent cytotoxic effect was only observed on HER2 positive cells when these were treated with saporin-loaded 11A4-NPs in combination with photochemical internalization (PCI), a technique that uses a photosensitizer and local light exposure to facilitate endosomal escape of entrapped nanocarriers and biomolecules. The combined use of saporin-loaded 11A4-NPs and PCI strongly inhibited cell proliferation and decreased cell viability through induction of apoptosis. These results suggest that the combination of the targeting nanobody on the NPs with PCI are effective means to achieve selective uptake and cytotoxicity of saporin loaded NPs [4]. In conclusion, polymeric nanoparticles are attractive carrier systems for the targeted intracellular delivery of biotherapeutics. REFERENCES 1. Li D, Kordalivand N, Fransen MF,Ossendorp F, Raemdonck K, Vermonden T, Hennink WE, and van Nostrum CF. Reduction-sensitive dextran nanogels aimed for intracellular delivery of antigens. Advanced Functional Materials 25, 2993-3003, 2015 2. Li D, Sun F, Bourajjaj M, Chen Y, Pieters EH, Chen J, van den Dikkenberg JB, Lou B, Camps MG, Ossendorp F, Hennink WE, Vermonden T, and van Nostrum CF. Strong in vivo antitumor responses induced by an antigen immobilized in nanogels via reducible bonds. Nanoscale 8, 19592-19604, 2016. 3. Lou B, De Beuckelaer A, Boonstra E, Li D, De Geest B, De Koker S, Mastrobattista E, Hennink WE. Modular core-shell polymeric nanoparticles mimicking viral structures for vaccination. Journal of Controlled Release 293, 48-62, 2019. 4. Martínez-Jothar L, Beztsinna N, van Nostrum CF, Hennink WE, and Oliveira S. Selective cytotoxicity to HER2 positive breast cancer cells by saporin-loaded nanobodytargeted polymeric nanoparticles in combination with photochemical internalization. Molecular Pharmaceutics 16, 1633-1647, 2019.


The article deals with the formation of a periodical distribution system in 1920s on an example of the largest print media of Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk and Verkhneudinsk (UlanUde). It is found that the distribution system of periodicals was based on subscription in the largest administrative centers of Eastern Siberia. Nonsubscription sales as a way of newspaper distribution were undertaken in Irkutsk. In general, the approaches of newspapers having been published in Eastern Siberia were in conformity with the state scheme of periodical network organization.


Methods A questionnaire on documentation and communication of airway problems during anaesthesia was sent to 271 anaesthetic department College Tutors in the UK. Their responses were compared with three published recommendations. Results There was a 71.9% response rate. 70.8% of respondents met the the The use of end-tidal carbon dioxide (F (cid:1) EE CO 2 ) monitoring for confirmation of placement of tracheal tubes after intubation is mandatory in the operating theatre setting. Intubation in the intensive care is a procedure trainees. Critically ill patients pose specific technical difficulties during tracheal intubation. This survey was undertaken to investigate the use of F (cid:1) EE CO 2 in ICUs across the United Kingdom for confirming tracheal tube placement.


Due to the ever greater cooperation between China and CEE countries, and especially the lack of research on the young generation's work values among the latter, we fill an empirical gap and conduct a comparative analysis of work values among Chinese and Slovenian business students. We explore the relationship between national culture and differences in expressed work values. While advancement was the top item within both samples, we found a stronger instrumental value dimension for the Slovenians and a stronger social-altruistic value dimension for the Chinese. Moreover, while national culture remains a factor for understanding the work values of the young generation, it is not the dominant one. Our results offer some support for a universal or crossvergence perspective on the work values of the young generation.


This study aims to carry out an educational organizational diagnosis in junior high schools. The method used in this research is quantitative. Data collection was carried out by distributing the instrument to the subject. The instrument was compiled using an organizational diagnosis scale developed by the research team based on the Weisboard Concept. The subjects of this study were 40 teachers who worked in one of the junior high schools in Surabaya. Teachers who are the subject of research in this school have a minimum working period of one year—the data analysis techniques using descriptive statistics. The results of this study indicate that in junior high school, most aspects consisting of goals, structure, leadership, relationships, and helpful mechanisms are already in the high category. While the reward aspect needs to be improved further. Therefore, in the future, this school needs to improve a better reward system so that this school becomes better.


ZnO films were grown on sapphire substrates treated with ECR plasma by the atomic layer epitaxy (ALE) technique. ZnO nucleation enhancing effects of oxygen, hydrogen, and argon plasma treatments were compared. The incubation period for ZnO nucleation was measured by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Auger electron emission spectrometric (AES) analysis. The incubation period for ZnO nucleation on the Al2O3 substrate not treated with plasma was more than 40 ALE cycles. The incubation period was shortened down to less than 35 cycles by argon or hydrogen ECR plasma pretreatment and to less than 30 cycles by oxygen ECR plasma pretreatment. It was found that a microwave power of 300W and a plasma exposure times of 10 min were appropriate for oxygen ECR plasma treatment of sapphire substrate surfaces to enhance ZnO nucleation. Higher power and longer exposure time would not be effective or would rather aggravate than enhance ZnO nucleation. (© 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


In order to enhance the application scope of cell transmission model,and the propagation pattern of irregular shaped traffic flow in urban expressway,an improved cell transmission model is proposed based on the basic principle of traffic flow conservation between cells in original model. Two parameters including cell length and cell density are introduced into the improved model to avoid the strict uniform length limitation of all cells in the original cell transmission model. Meanwhile,hysteresis loop which reflects the conversion between free flow and congestion flow is a typical traffic phenomenon. Combining traditional fundamental diagram approach and 3-phase traffic flow theory,the improved cell transmission model considering the hysteresis characteristics is set up. The simulation result indicates that the incorrect rate of the backward wave calculated by the improved cell transmission model with hysteresis characteristics is less than 3%,which meets the requirements of traffic flow propagation pattern of urban expressway.


There has been extensive interest and research into how individuals behave upon initially meeting others. Research and our own personal experiences have demonstrated that multiple factors may influence whether the interactive process when meeting someone new is pleasant or unpleasant. One of the more pressing issues related to understanding the quality of human interactions is determining whether we relate better to individuals with whom we share comparable characteristics and/or personality traits. Or, are we more likely to have better encounters with individuals who have opposite traits? Strangers in a Strange Lab addresses this issue. Social psychologist William Ickes compiled a collection of observational investigations that examined and explained how personality shaped the dyadic experiences of individuals who met for the first time. In this anthology, Ickes incorporates studies that explore how some possible common social dividers, such as race and ethnicity, gender, introvert personalities, and others, influence encounters by strangers. The book is well written and organized. Each chapter focuses on examining how an individual factor shapes multiple relational outcomes. Most of the chapters illustrate the design that was used to carry out the research and directional hypotheses. For each investigation conducted by Ickes, college students were studied to document how they reacted to dyadic interactions by examining how (1) the actor influenced the partner, (2) the partner influenced the actor, and (3) how the actor and partner influenced each other during visits to a waiting room. Ickes hoped to capture the natural experiences of each participant by not informing the participants that their interaction during this time would be a part of the experiment. Ickes never introduced the two individuals, nor did he instruct them to get acquainted. The investigations focused on how and why individual characteristics such as gender, race, and ethnicity; birth order; androgyny; and physical attractiveness influence the quality of interactions. The quality of the interaction was measured by categories of thought-feeling, number and duration of speaking turns, and number and duration of gazes. Other chapters focused on


Size of the clusters and structure details of fcc Cu clusters in nanocrystalline soft magnetic alloy of Fe85-86Si1-2B8P4Cu1 (NANOMET) are investigated. A linear combination fitting of XAFS data indicates that about 30% of Cu atoms are partitioned in the fcc clusters and the rest in the amorphous matrix. EXAFS of the fcc Cu nanocluster embedded in amorphous matrix is calculated on the basis of a simple fcc structure model using FEFF9. Surface effect of the nanoclusters is considered by counting a fraction of the nearest neighbour atoms in amorphous matrix. Good agreement with the experimental result is obtained for the fcc nanocluster with 9 coordination shells which consists of total 177 atoms within 1.5 nm in a diameter.


Purpose: Diagnostic accuracy of coronary CT angiography is impaired by severe coronary calcification and surrogate measurements without additional radiation exposure are needed. We used bolus track...


Objective: To broaden the knowledge of jugular phlebectasia and discuss the clinical dmgnosis and treatment. Methods: Clinical data of 31 patients with iugularphlebectasia were reviewed. The confirmation of diagnosis in the nature, range and degree of jugular phlebectasia were got by Valsalva maneuver,color ultrasonography and enhancement radiologic techniques. The treatment included lesion resection(6), longitudinal plication of phlebectasia(14), venoplasty(6), observation only(4) and one patients with superior mediastinal tumor were transfer to the department of thoracic surgery. Results: Postoperatively the recoverv was uneventiul and no complication occurred in all operative patients. All of the patients excePtfor two patients with one the tumor did well during the follow-up period of 6~6 2 months (mean 26.2 months). Conclusions: The most common cause of jugular phlebectasia is congenital origin and the patients may has asymptomatic for a long time. Early operative treatment is best choice for the patient with prominent mass or int01erant of symptom.


As following general methord of sailage,the re-seminated corn stalks left after threshing,respectly appended 10,20,and 30 percent cotton hull to each delamination,and all are added 0.5 percent cottonseed cake,is pressed tightly in sailage pit,compared to those sailage without appending cottonseed cake and catton hull.After 45 days,The sailage appended 20 percent cotton hull are soft,succulent and with the fragrance of pure wine,Its pH is about 4.0,protion is 11.22 percent,and can be preserved long time.It will be proper food to herbivores in winter and spring.


The present invention relates to an acidic zirconia sol is zirconia particles of a particle diameter of less than 20nm-containing ratio of 10 to 50% by weight of the entire zirconia particles. The present invention further, the alkaline zirconia (A) and the zirconium salt (B) in terms of a ZrO Acidic zirconia sol of the present invention is stable wider the particle size distribution, and can be used for processing such as forming binder of various refractories. Zirconia sol, a zirconium salt, a binder,


Based on the agency conflict between shareholders and managers, the paper draws a comprehensive theoretical and empirical research about the inefficient investment from the following four aspects: diversification investment, overinvestment, short-term oriented and long-term oriented investments. Moreover, the reason and existence of the inefficient investment of State-Owned-Enterprise are analyzed. Finally, the paper argues that the improvement of the self-incentive intensity and the control right market will mitigate the inefficient investment behavior.


Effects of different concentrations of nitrobenzene and chlorobenzene on seed germination and biological characters of wheat were studied. The results showed that seed germination and growth of wheat were refrained when the concentration of nitrobenzene and chlorobenzene were more than 10 mg/L. Also, fresh weight and dry weight were inhibited. In addition, roots were more sensitive to nitrobenzene and chlorobenzene than shoots. The seed germination was stopped by 50 mg/L of nitrobenzene. The concentration of 10 mg/L was discovered to be the optimal concentration for chlorophyll. In a specific range of nitrobenzene and chlorobenzene stress, the activity of peroxidase and the concentration malondialdehyde increased with increasing nitrobenzene and chlorobenzene concentrations, however, enzymatic activity and malondialdehyde decreased when the nitrobenzene and chlorobenzene stress was overwhelmed.


Multiscale traffic flow modeling, which combines traffic models of different scales (e.g., of network and traffic representation), offers many opportunities for the simulation and evaluation of traffic measures and policies in large networks. For example, macroscopic continuum models of traffic flow could be used to simulate the propagation of traffic on large freeway corridors and networks efficiently and parsimoniously, whereas microscopic models of traffic flow could be used to simulate those parts of the network where more detail (e.g., lateral behavior) is required, such as at intersections and toll plazas. One key requirement of such a multiscale framework is related to the interface between models of different scales. This interface should ensure consistency in (a) vehicle conservation and (b) vehicle and traveler properties that must be transported over this interface (e.g., vehicle type, occupancy, and destination). In the approach presented, both types of consistency problems can be solved simultaneously, and this approach is illustrated with an integrated example. This multiscale modeling framework enables the coupling of any macroscopic model with any microscopic model (and vice versa) without putting constraints on the internal structure or parameterization in either model.


[Wilson et al. (2002)][1] use 40Ar/39Ar data from the Cape Roberts Project CRP-2A core to assign absolute ages to polarity chrons in the vicinity of the Oligocene-Miocene (O-M) boundary, and estimate an age of 24.0 Ma for the O-M boundary. The identification of polarity chron 6Cn.2n, marking the O-M


Events such as crises, public opinion issues, and social hotspots usually follow certain patterns. From a large amount of historical data, we can extract these patterns to predict future events. This valuable task can be viewed as the Temporal Knowledge Graph (TKG) inference problem, as TKGs are widely employed to sketch ongoing events. However, most of the traditional TKG inference methods mainly focus only on entity prediction and do not take into consideration the variable length of information summarized from events at different periods. To address these challenges, we propose a new collaborative entity- relation prediction method called Predicting the Future Without Forgetting (PFWF). PFWF introduces historical representation to deal with the issue posed by the variability of information length. We also treat the TKG prediction task as a continual learning problem that prevents training new models from scratch when new data are added, as real-world knowledge graphs are constantly evolving. We validated the effectiveness of PFWF on four public TKG datasets related to crisis events in offline and online continual learning settings.


The present article aims to address the importance of building surveys as a way to prevent accidents and keep up-to-date the maintenance of buildings in a general aspect. Considering that, to keep the maintenance up to date, it is necessary to follow the NBR 5674, which deals with the periodicity of the building systems, such as the façade, electrical system, cladding, elevators, among others. There is a need for an Engineer to advise the condominium, but it is a practice little practiced, which the liquidator often does not know. This lack of maintenance may lead to accidents, so the importance of a building survey focusing on the correct diagnosis and the corrections to be made.


To significantly increase the cetane index, single stage, high severity (high pressure) hydrotreating, with a catalyst specially designed for hydrogenation can be used. This process is especially suitable in cases where the feed is heavy and contains high amounts of sulfur and nitrogen. For light diesel feedstocks where the sulfur and nitrogen contents can easily be reduced to very low values, the 2-stage approach can be applied


The "Housing Endowment",also known as reverse mortgages,is a new pension model.It is a new idea to solving the pension pressure on aging of the population."Housing Endowment" is developed well in abroad,especially in the U.S.But in China,it is still a new thing,which has been conducted in Nanjing,Shanghai and Beijing,developed not well.Guangzhou proposed to promote the establishment of deferred tax efficient pension system,to explore the development of Reverse Mortgage endowment insurance.The article based on the situation of Guangzhou and basis of the relevant research data,from the demographic factors,economic factors and local residents will demand of the model in terms of the implementation of tax-deferred in Guangzhou-based pension model is discussed.In addition,the article proposed some measures on pension risk diversification.


This article reviews the content and the implementation of the right to health in the regional international legal systems for the human rights and freedoms protection. Therefore, the study is based on the analysis of universal international treaties of the UN system, regional regulations of the Council of Europe, the European Union (EU), and the European Court of Human Rights (EctHR), using general scientific and special cognitive techniques wherein legal analysis and synthesis, systemic, formal-legal, comparative-legal, historical-legal and dialectical methods are applied. The research indicates that the modern international legal concept of the right to health is being developed at the regional level. There is a certain trend in Council of Europe and EU law towards an extended interpretation of the human right to health responding to new challenges to the realization of that right, concerning bioethics, human genome editing, and the effects of nuclear testing and environmental pollution. The author encourages the complement of the European system of human rights protection with an additional protocol to the Council of Europe Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms of 1950, involving the right to health security.


one of the literary innovations is the new genre of documentary poetry or docupoetry. Documentary poetry has no unified definition, but one defining line is that it combines artistic talent along with factual material from the real world or the documents of real witnesses. It is a method of writing that mixes texts for make ethnographic research. However, documentary refers to the poetry of witness through which verses make existing documentation created from manifold viewpoints, witnesses' interpretations, and dialogues. It is a case study of people, events, and places; the poet can test a social and human case, through his artistic talent of writing. However, a poet is expected to transfer not only the witnesses' perspectives but his own as well. These tendencies are colorized in an attempt to portray a new version of the truth. It is an attempt to raise the voice of the marginalized or the oppressed or the often neglected against the voice of their suppressors; it portrays a rather distinct version of the national story or identity. In conclusion, it highlights the meaning of documentary poetry, its development, and its characteristics. It also attempts to give a brief critical analysis of some selected poems by some selected prominent documentary poets.


Probing the properties of the discovered Higgs boson may tell us whether or not it is the same particle as the one predicted by the Standard Model. To this aim we parametrize deviations of the Higgs couplings to matter from the Standard Model by using the Higgs Effective Field Theory framework. Starting with a general dimension-6 effective Lagrangian including both CP-even and CP-odd operators, and requiring that the operators do not introduce power divergences in the oblique parameters, we reduce the number of independent effective couplings of the theory. This framework is then used to put updated constraints on the effective couplings, using the latest Higgs rates data from the Run-I of the ATLAS and CMS experiments, and electroweak precision data from LEP, SLC and Tevatron. We show that the current data is able to significantly constrain the CP-even and some CP-odd operators of the effective Lagrangian.


The present study mainly aims at to find out the changes in the growth and distribution of Schedule caste and Scheduled tribes in the total population of Pune District.  Schedule caste and Schedule tribes are the mostly backward compare to the other peoples in india. The present study is mainly based on the changing population structure of the SC and ST population in the pune district. The social and economic condition of the people is always an important parameter in the development of the region. In most part of the India and Maharashtra the uneven distribution of the population is a major issue. The male and female population of the SC and ST is considered for the present study. The percentage of the SC population in Maharashtra is 11.81 according to the 2011 census. The percentage of the Sc population in the pune district is 12.52. The ST population percentage in the pune district is 3.7.


In recent years, the use of multi-unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) systems in outdoor GPS enabled environments has increased significantly. Their use in GPS-denied environments, however, is still a complex task. Examples of such environments include search and rescue inside buildings or collapsed building scenarios, urban or natural canyons, in which the GPS signal is limited or blocked. In order to provide a possible solution for these applications, this paper presents a multi-UAV system that can be utilised for a team of UAVs to autonomously navigate, search and detect multiple targets in a cluttered and GPS-denied environment. The multi-UAV system uses a decentralised framework based on Decentralised Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (Dec-POMDP) to formulate the decision-making process considering uncertainties in the environments and sensing. This system was designed for a mission that needs to cooperate efficiently to search and find multiple targets, without knowing possible locations, by sharing limited vital observations through WiFi connection. The system was tested in several cluttered and GPS-denied environments simulated in Gazebo and ROS interface. The environments were populated with different numbers and types of obstacles, several targets, a team of UAVs and boundaries. After comparing three different searching strategies, the results show that the system is capable of cooperatively searching and finding multiple targets in an effective approach while without having a collision in a complex environment. The multi-UAV system is robust to uncertainties in target exploration and localisation, enabling the use of multiple UAVs to enhance critical missions for challenging scenarios such as search and rescue or exploration and disaster management and assessment.


The invention relates to electric vehicle charger technique and storage battery management technique, in particular to an intelligent storage battery charging and management device for electric vehicles, which comprises a charger control center, wherein the charger control center consists of a DSP (digital signal processor) chip and the peripheries thereof and is used for controlling, displaying, storing and communication transmitting of relevant information of a digital power source in a charger. According to the intelligent storage battery management technique, a special storage battery management detecting chip is used for detecting parameters of each single storage battery and transmitting to the control center through a CAN (controller area network) bus, and the DSP sends out corresponding orders to the digital power source for corresponding adjustment according to received information and transmits the parameters of each single storage battery to a display unit for displaying. An intelligent storage battery management unit can be connected with an electric vehicle in operation through a vehicular CAN bus, so that a driver can timely monitor operation conditions of each storage battery through a dashboard.


The moon-earth communication link budget is usually referenced in the selection and configuration of the hardware of transmitting and receiving stations. This paper provides a budget method and designs a budget process of communication link between lunar detectors and ground stations. Besides, the paper provides a method to design the parameters of ground stations, detectors and communication channels. To implement the link budget more efficiently, some calculation elements including atmospheric loss, free space loss and hot body noise is modeled and analyzed. The result of the paper is fairly valuable for the design of moon-earth communication link.


Dental implants made of titanium has its own limitations and may cause a number of issues, such as
hypersensitivity to the metal. A semi-crystalline linear polycyclic thermoplastic called
polyetheretherketone (PEEK) has been suggested as a metal-free alternative for biomaterials. PEEK can also be used as a
superstructure, implant abutment, or implant body when making dental implant components. This article provides a summary of
the desirable properties of PEEK and it's applications in prosthetic dentistry.


Summary. The mode of action of the Herren activator is explained and the function of the lateral pterygoid muscle is analysed.

In two monozygotic twins it was demonstrated, by means of electromyographic recordings, that the activator acts as a splint. The protruded position of the mandible when wearing the activator did not depend on activity of the lateral pterygoid muscle. Mandibular growth was marked during activator treatment which is in accordance with the views of several authors who maintain that the activator produces a significant increase in mandibular growth rate. It was demonstrated that the mandibular growth rate depends on the width of the construction bite.


The introduction of visible light communication (VLC) technology could increase the capacity of existing wireless communication systems towards 6G networks. In practice, VLC can make good use of lighting system infrastructures to transmit data using light fidelity (Li-Fi). The use of semiconductor light sources, including light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and laser diodes (LDs) are essential to VLC technology because these devices are energy-efficient and have long lifespans. To achieve high-speed VLC links, various technologies have been utilized, including injection locking. Optical injection locking (OIL) is an optical frequency and phase synchronization technique that has been implemented in semiconductor laser systems for performance enhancement. High-performance optoelectronic devices with narrow linewidth, wide tunable emission, large modulation bandwidth and high data transmission rates are desired for advanced VLC. Thus, the features of OIL could be promising for building high-performance VLC systems. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of the implementation of the injection-locking technique in optical communication systems. The enhancement of characteristics through OIL is elucidated. The applications of OIL in VLC systems are discussed. The prospects of OIL for future VLC systems are evaluated.


The most common treatment for hydrocephalus is to place a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt to divert excess CSF to a re-absorption site and regulate the intracranial pressure. However, CSF shunts have an unacceptably high incidence of occlusions from in-grown tissues. Our project is to explore ultrasound imaging, together with photoelectric excitation to image the occlusions and brain shunts, so a system of minimally invasive clearing of the brain shunts could be further developed.


Steel bridge pavement is one of the difficult problems in bridge construction.The most common destruction form of pavement structure is the interlayer shear failure and it is highly emphasized by the constructors.The paper introduces one kind of steel bridge deck pavement structures made with FRP-asphalt concrete.This structure has simple form but the function is comprehensive.Both technical and economic performances of this pavement structure are better than the existing steel bridge deck pavement structures.Theoretical analysis and simulating experiment were done to evaluate the function of FRP-asphalt concrete pavement,and the result shows that the FRP-asphalt concrete is very important to the reduction of the deflection and strain of the bare plat of the steel plate,and the contribution will increase with the increase of overload.


Little research has been done on the in vitro propagation of Protea cynaroides. Somatic embryogenesis is often used to propagate a number of plant species and can potentially be used to rapidly propagate P. cynaroides. From the results of this study, somatic embryos formed directly on both P. cynaroides mature zygotic embryos and excised cotyledons cultured on MS medium without growth regulators. The addition of growth regulators such as NAA (1; 2.5 and 5 mg l) and 2,4-D (1; 2.5 and 5 mg l ), in combination with TDZ (0.2 mg l), BAP (0.2 mg l) or kinetin (0.2 mg l) suppressed the formation of somatic embryos. After eight weeks in culture, formation of somatic embryos was observed. Zygotic explants formed the most embryos when cultured in a 12-hour photoperiod in comparison to explants cultured in the dark. Up to 83% of these embryos germinated after transferal to the germination medium containing 0.1 mg l GA3. Significantly fewer embryos germinated in MS medium with no growth regulators, or supplemented with higher concentrations of GA3, while low germination percentages were also observed in MS media containing casein hydrolysate and coconut water. The germination of normal embryos was observed only in medium containing either no growth regulators, 0.1 mg l GA3 or 0.5 mg l GA3. All embryos that germinated in high concentrations of GA3 were malformed.


Long ago, students and their families who toiled had the possibility of being successful by achieving a college degree in the US. Nowadays, students face such a prohibitive price that it has altere...


Beauty product retrieval has drawn more and more attention for its wide application outlook and enormous economic benefits. However, this task is always challenging due to the variation of products, especially the disturbance of clustered background. In this paper, we first introduce attention mechanism into a global image descriptor, i.e., Maximum Activation of Convolutions (MAC), and propose Attention-based MAC (AMAC). With this enhancement, we can suppress the negative effect of background and highlight the foreground in an unsupervised manner. Then, AMAC and local descriptors are ensembled to complementarily increase the performance. Furthermore, we try to finetune multiple retrieval methods on the different datasets and adopt a query expansion strategy to obtain more improvements. Extensive experiments conducted on a dataset containing more the half million beauty products (Perfect-500K) demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Finally, our team (USTC-NELSLIP) wins the first place on the leaderboard of the 'AI Meets Beauty'Grand Challenge of ACM Multimedia 2020. The code is available at: https://github.com/gniknoil/Perfect500K-Beauty-Product-Retrieval-Challenge.


Music is the ordered combination of sounds through time. In order to perceive, interpret and create it, composing or playing a musical instrument, different cognitive abilities must work together. It is perceived and prompts emotions in every human being. Since birth, newborns react favorably to consonant sounds and to the melodic pattern of their mothers' voices, having been present in every human society since the origins of man. Some hypothesis argue that it has been present long before the appearance of man (without artistic value), in the form of animal strategies to reproduce or socialize. New metabolic and functional neurological imaging technology and the study of some musician and non-musician patients suffering neurological diseases have begun reveal and unveil neuronal systems for music. Musicians perceive music in a different way than the general population because they process it in their left hemisphere and possess specific regional asymmetries in primary motor and auditory cortexes. Some musicians develop perfect pitch, which is defined as the ability of a person to identify or re-create a given musical note without the benefit of an external reference. New research on the subject is needed to better identify neural networks and general cerebral function when listening to or creating music.


Estimation of gestational age plays an important role in quality maternity care. Ultrasound provides an accurate method of determining fetal age in utero. A prospective study was done in 150 pregnant women with low-risk pregnancy after 28 weeks of gestation who were sure of their last menstrual period or had underwent dating scan. The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy and application of fetal kidney length (FKL) measurement in determining the gestational age of the fetus in the third trimester and compare its accuracy with that of other fetal biometric indices [biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), and femur length (FL)]. The FKL measurements showed that there is a linear relationship between FKL and gestational age. The mean kidney length in mm approximates the gestational age in third trimester as predicted by BPD, HC, AC, and FL. The FKL dates the pregnancy more accurately (correlation coefficient 0.98) when compared with BPD, HC, AC, and FL. The results obtained concluded that FKL can be used as a reliable parameter for determination of gestational age.


Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Nano powder was produced by Solution Combustion Synthesis (SCS) at 350 ± 10° C temperature using sugar solution as fuel. The final product was characterized by means of XRD, SEM and EDX. The powder blends of ZnO/Al were prepared by low energy ball milling and the composite blocks of ZnO/Al were fabricated by powder metallurgy technique. The microhardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of ZnO/Al blocks were studied. The results show that the microhardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance can be improved significantly with addition of ZnO nano powder up to 1 wt%; at the same time, the optimal microhardness and microstructure were obtained when the mass fraction of ZnO nano powder is 1wt% where as sample with 5 wt% of ZnO nano powder show best wear resistance. Corrosion tests reveal that there was a slight mass loss due to corrosion.


James Cook University's Professor Maxine Whittaker has been awarded the Royal Australasian College of Physicians International Medal for 2017. The medal, which was presented at a ceremony in Melbourne on 7 May, acknowledges the significant contribution Professor Whittaker has made to health care in lowand middle-income countries over many years. Professor Whittaker is Dean, Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences in the College of Public Health, Medical and Vet Sciences and the Deputy Director of the Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine. Professor Whittaker has lived and worked in Bangladesh, Zambia, Zimbabwe and PNG and has worked extensively in China, Fiji, Indonesia, Kenya, Philippines, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tanzania, Thailand, Tonga, Vanuatu, and Vietnam, and other Pacific Island countries and territories. She has extensive experience in project and program design in health and development, especially in infectious diseases (including malaria) and reproductive health and health system reform for a variety of national governments, international development partners and NGO organisations. She is a member of faculty for the Science of Malaria Eradication course, part of a consortium of IS Global, Harvard School of Public Health and Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute. Professor Whittaker was educated at the University of Queensland, and the Harvard School of Public Health. She has won numerous awards, including the Dr Jerusha Jhirad Oration Award, University of Queensland Short Fellowship, and is a Life Member of the International Federation of Medical Students Association and an Honorary Life Member of the Australian Medical Students Association.


We have investigated excitonic states in (Cd,Mg)Te/CdTe/(Cd,Mn)Te asymmetric quantum wells, during the photoluminescence decay processes. The intensity ratio of biexciton to exciton showed almost a linear dependence. The biexciton luminescence showed a longer decay time as compared with that of the exciton. Our analysis leads to a conclusion that the dark exciton has an essential role when biexcitons are created in II–VI diluted magnetic semiconductor quantum wells.


The ionosphere spatial gradients under extreme conditions are likely to influence the LAAS architecture, particularly for Category II/III precision approach and landing systems. In previous study, a .moving wave front. model was established and a threat space was extrapolated based on the 6 April 2000 ionospheric storm. It was showed that the impact of the ionospheric anomalies depends on the threat parameters, namely, the ionospheric gradient, the slope width, and the wave front speed. Under a typical 24-satellite constellation, the maximum user vertical error at 5 km of user-to-LGF separation can reach as high as 20 meters in the worst case. However, with prompt detection of LAAS Ground Facility (LGF), the maximum user vertical position error can be mitigated to under 6 meters. Airborne monitor can further reduce the error especially when the ionospheric wave front moves fast. Although those work provided essential insights, due to the limited data available thus far and the uncertainty of the ionospheric storm behavior, many important questions remain unanswered: The prior probability of such extreme event, the conservativeness of the threat space, the creditability of the .moving wave front. model, etc. In this study, the analysis was extended to less-ideal constellations, i.e, with one or two satellites outages. In addition to the .moving wave front. model, the focus was shifted to .stationary front. scenarios, which means that the ionospheric front stops moving prior to reaching the LGF. The impact of such scenarios is worse since LGF could not detect such an event by definition. It was found that the worst user error could reach 45 meters under extreme conditions. Although an airborne monitor can help to reduce the error significantly, the remaining maximum error can still be as high as 31 meters. While more data analysis effort are undergoing in order to refine the threat model, a parallel approach was undertaken to identify the system design vulnerability, i.e., to define a sub threat space that is tolerable for LAAS. It was found that under worst conditions, ionospheric stationary fronts with a slope of 70 mm/km or higher is not tolerable. The current airborne monitor does not help on increasing the tolerable threat space. Although LGF and airborne detection are extremely important, the current architecture may not be able to meet LAAS requirements [3, 11, 12] under worst-case ionosphere conditions. Two means are examined for ionospheric threat mitigation: .Inner Satellites Protection. and Long Baseline Monitor (LBM). The effeteness of the outer satellites to protect the inner satellites is very limited particularly with fewer satellites in view. On other words, the inner satellites remain vulnerable for those worst cases. LBM is able to fully mitigate the problem for the entire threat space. The optimum LBM separation was recommended for consideration.


We present a new version of the regularized combined source integral equation (CSIE-AR) for the solution of electromagnetic scattering problems in the presence of perfectly conducting bodies. The integral equation is of the second kind and has no spurious resonances. It is well conditioned at all frequencies for simply connected geometries. Reconstruction of the magnetic field, however, is subject to catastrophic cancelation due to the need for computing a scalar potential from magnetic currents. Here, we show that by solving an auxiliary (scalar) integral equation, we can avoid this form of low-frequency breakdown. The auxiliary scalar equation is used to solve a Neumann-type boundary value problem using data corresponding to the normal component of the magnetic field. This scalar equation is also of the second kind, nonresonant, and well conditioned at all frequencies. A principal advantage of our approach, by contrast with the hypersingular electric field integral equation, the combined field integral equation, or CSIE formulations, is that the standard loop-star and related basis function constructions are not needed, and preconditioners are not required. This permits an easy coupling to fast algorithms such as the fast multipole method. Furthermore, the formalism is compatible with nonconformal mesh discretization and works well with singular (sharp) boundaries.


In this paper the etiological, pathogenetic, clinical, laboratory and instrumental characteristic of lactase deficiency in children are presented. The features of feeding/nutrition, treatment of children with this disease are described. The own clinical observations of patients with lactase deficiency are presented.


About 90 per cent of Tradescantia bracteata pollen germinates in vitro after 15 min. Mitosis starts in the pollen tube after about 3 h. The mitotic trans-formations of chromosomes within the generative nucleus are not synchronized. They involve succesively the linearly arranged chromosomes in the elongated generative nucleus. In metaphase the chromosomes are arranged tandem-like linearly along the pollen tube. The chromatides translocate in anaphase from various distances to the poles in a plane parallel to the metaphase plate. This suggests that chromosomes have individual mitotic spindles and that coordination of the chromosome transformations in the generative cell is much less strict than in a typical somatic mitosis. Starch is the storage material of pollen grains. In the vegetative cytoplasm of mature pollen grains minute reddish-orange vesicular structures are visible after staining with neutral red. They do not fuse with the vacuoles proper arising in germinating pollen grains to form the vacuolar system of the pollen tube.


We determine two new infinite families of Cayley graphs that admit colour-preserving automorphisms that do not come from the group action. By definition, this means that these Cayley graphs fail to have the CCA (Cayley Colour Automorphism) property, and the corresponding infinite families of groups also fail to have the CCA property. The families of groups consist of the direct product of any dihedral group of order $2n$ where $n \ge 3$ is odd, with either itself, or the cyclic group of order $n$. In particular, this family of examples includes the smallest non-CCA group that had not fit into any previous family of known non-CCA groups.


SummaryFrom a very limited set of data, L. Zwei, L. Abiata and L. Awassa show moderate to high primary productivity and crops of phytoplankton, while L. Shala and L. Langano are of very low product...


The detonation velocity and pressure of Ф20mm cylinder TATB、TCTNB/Wax (97%/3%) and TCDNB/Wax (97%/3%) have been measured by ionization probes and manganin gauge, and their detonation parameters and the equilibrium composition of detonation products at C-J state have been computed by means of the VLWR code. The testing results show that the detonation velocity and pressure are 7.452 mm·μs~(-1) and 24.40 GPa for TATB, (6.890) mm·μs~(-1) and 20.28 GPa for TCTNB and 5.973 mm·μs~(-1) and 15.30 GPa for TCDNB respectively. The calculated results were close to experimental values,showing that the calculated results are satisfactory.


Behavioral norms are key ingredients that allow agent coordination where societal laws do not sufficiently constrain agent behaviors. Whereas social laws need to be enforced in a top-down manner, norms evolve in a bottom-up manner and are typically more selfenforcing. While effective norms can significantly enhance performance of individual agents and agent societies, there has been little work in multiagent systems on the formation of social norms. We have recently used a model that supports the emergence of social norms via learning from interaction experiences. In our model, individual agents repeatedly interact with other agents in the society over instances of a given scenario. Each interaction is framed as a stage game. An agent learns its policy to play the game over repeated interactions with multiple agents. We term this mode of learning social learning, which is distinct from an agent learning from repeated interactions against the same player. We are particularly interested in situations where multiple action combinations yield the same optimal payoff. The key research question is to find out if the entire population learns to converge to a consistent norm. In this extension to our prior work we study the emergence of norms via social learning when agents are physically distributed in an environment and are more likely to interact with agents in their neighborhood than those that are further away. The key new results include the surprising acceleration in learning with limited interaction ranges. We also study the effects of pure-strategy players, i.e., non-learners in the environment.