By means of investigation,statistics and induction,the structure of P.E. teachers ages,professional titles,(educational) backgrounds,ideological knowledge and origin at colleges and universities in Chongqing were analyzed by integration and synthesis.It pointed out that the five structures above were irrational in some degree at colleges and (universities) in Chongqing.The authors put forward countermeasures to perfect the construction of P.E. faculty at (colleges) and universities in Chongqing municipality.


This research is to fnd out what affect a person who is successful in entrepreneurship. In this study was obtain from questionnaires distributed to student using multiple linear analysis with SPSS 19.00 for windows software.The result of this study showed that variables of interes and talent ( 0.199), motivation ( 0.388) and science ( 0.270) in influencing success entrepreneurship.


Abstract : New classes of multivariable polynomials arising in studies of passive multidimensional systems have been identified and their properties have been studied. The problem of structurally passive synthesis of multidimensional digital filters as a cascade interconnection of more elementary building blocks has been addressed via the factorization matrix. The problem of sampling rate alternation of deterministic multidimensional signals is addressed on the basis of frequency domain description of the signal. Experiments with digitized images are also reported to demonstrate the performance of the designed interpolation and decimation schemes. Keywords include: Filters; Multi-dimensional filtering; Signal processing; Passive filters; and Lossless Filters.


This study was carried out to evaluate the quality of whole milk powder repacked and sold in the market of Khartoum State, Sudan.  The study involved the collection of 27 samples of repacked whole milk powder from three brands in three different batches according to sampling time (batch 1 samples were collected in October, batch 2 samples were collected in November and batch 3 samples were collected in December). The samples were then subjected to chemical and microbiological analysis. The results showed that fat and titratable acidity were not significantly different between the brands, while the protein and moisture were higher in brand B and the ash was high in brand C.  Time of sampling did not significantly affect fat, moisture and titratable acidity, while the protein content was high in batch 2 and ash content was high in batches 2 and 3.  The brand significantly affected total viable bacterial, coliform bacterial and yeasts and moulds counts, and there was no significant variation in lipolytic and proteolytic bacteria between the three brands.  Sampling time had a significant effect on total viable bacteria, coliform bacteria and lipolytic bacteria.  However, no significant effect of sampling time was observed in proteolytioc bacteria and yeasts and moulds in the three brands.


Abstract The effect of Ta content on the transformation characteristics of Ni–Ti–Ta ternary alloys has been studied. In (Ni51 Ti49 )1-x Tax type alloys, the phase transformation temperatures increase with Ta content, especially when the Ta content is less than 4 at.-%. In Ni50 Ti50-x Tax type alloys, the phase transformation temperatures decrease as Ta content increases. The martensite start temperature is less sensitive to changes in Ni content in ternary Ni–Ti–Ta alloys than that in Ni–Ti binary alloys. The phase transformation temperatures of Ni–Ti–Ta ternary alloys are mainly controlled by the Ni/Ti ratio in the Ni–Ti matrix.


– In comparison with other Latin poets Claudian reached for motifs connected with the Iranian world quite frequently. He made use of them throughout the entire corpus of his works, both in political and "minor" poems. In treatment of these issues he appeared as a careful reader and follower of previous poets (esp. Vergil, Lucan and Statius) but on the other hand he introduced some new motifs and transformed the existent ones. My study aims at subjecting references to the Iranian themes to closer scrutiny so as to distinguish recurring patterns and to show the poet's ability in exploiting them skilfully in line with his artistic purposes.


We describe the development and validation of a three-tiered diagnostic test of the water cycle (DTWC) and use it to evaluate the impact of prior learning experiences on undergraduates' misconceptions. While most approaches to instrument validation take a positivist perspective using singular criteria such as reliability and fit with a measurement model, we extend this to a multi-tiered approach which supports multiple interpretations. Using a sample of 130 undergraduate students from two colleges, we utilize the Rasch model to place students and items along traditional one-, two-, and three-tiered scales as well as a misconceptions scale. In the three-tiered and misconceptions scales, high confidence was indicative of mastery. In the latter scale, a 'misconception' was defined as mastery of an incorrect concept. We found that integrating confidence into mastery did little to change item functioning; however, three-tiered usage resulted in higher reliability and lower student ability estimates than two-tiered usage. The misconceptions scale showed high efficacy in predicting items on which particular students were likely to express misconceptions, and revealed several tenacious misconceptions that all students were likely to express regardless of ability. Previous coursework on the water cycle did little to change the prevalence of undergraduates' misconceptions.


Water soluble polyampholytes as well as hydrophobically associating copolymers based on acrylamide (AM), sodium 2-(acrylamido)-2-methylpropanesulfonate (NaAMPS), 2-(acrylamido)-2-methylpropanetrimethylammonium chloride (AMPTAC), sodium 3-acrylamido-3-methylbutanoate (NaAMB), 3-(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanedimethylammonio)-1-propanesulfonate (AMPDAPS), and N-isopropylacrylamide (IPAM) have been synthesized and thoroughly characterized. The drag reduction properties were measured on a rotating disk rheometer. The relative drag reduction efficiencies have been reported in terms of absolute drag reduction (DR) as well as parameter, {Delta}, that has been obtained through volume fraction normalization (from a plot of %DR/{eta}C vs {eta}C.). This {Delta} parameter has also been correlated with other parameters reported in literature which bring out the effect of polymer structure and composition on drag reduction.


In this document, current possible master projects in the Gundersen-group are presented. We are members of the Section for Life sciences; research group "Synthesis and Structures" at the Department of Chemistry, Univerity of Oslo. We are also members of the program "Structure guided organic synthesis targeted for applications in life sciences" recently appointed a strategic research area within the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences. The Gundersen-group focuses on synthetic organic chemistry, natural product synthesis, and medicinal chemistry; development of potential drugs against infectious diseases (especially tuberculosis and other tropical diseases), cancer and Parkinsons disease. For more information about the group and projects, please consult our web page (http://folk.uio.no/llotte/) and contact Lise-Lotte Gundersen. room o217 (Chemistry building), phone (+47) 228 57019, e-mail:


Conclusion of a marriage brings various benefits to people. Nowadays, while marriage rates are decreasing the number of divorces is rising. Young people reject matrimony in favor of partnership or staying single. Marriage is no longer treated as a sacrament every couple pursues. Nonetheless according to research it still remains the most common and accepted form of relationship. Therefore it is important to identify factors which characterize happy married couples and to learn what affects relations between husband and wife. The aim of the research was to present psychological image of marriage and determinants influencing on its quality. The analysis concerned the relation between self-esteem, positive orientation and emotional communication with marital satisfaction. Study subjects are women (n=121) and men (n=98) from 20 to 36 years of age. The obtained results confirmed that the determinants analyzed in the work influence both the satisfaction with the marriage of women and men.


The inducible, higher eukaryotic transcription factor NF‐kappa B is activated by a variety of external stimuli including inflammatory cytokines, viral and bacterial infection and UV irradiation. Here we show that internal stress, caused by the accumulation of proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), also induces NF‐kappa B DNA binding as well as kappa B‐dependent gene expression. This was observed upon expression of immunoglobulin mu chains in the absence of light chains and by treatment of cells with several agents known to cause ER stress, such as tunicamycin, brefeldin A, 2‐deoxyglucose and thapsigsargin. The transcription factor AP‐1 was weakly induced under similar conditions. Overexpression of NF‐kappa B subunits did not influence expression of the gene encoding grp78/BiP, a protein induced by various forms of ER stress. Likewise, the glucosidase inhibitor castanospermine, which induced grp78/BiP expression, failed to activate NF‐kappa B, while the antioxidant dithiothreitol augmented grp78/BiP expression but prevented activation of NF‐kappa B. Hence, NF‐kappa B participates in a novel ER‐nuclear signal transduction pathway distinct from the unfolded‐protein‐response described previously. We provide evidence that the ER can produce at least two distinct signals in response to a functional impairment. One is emitted by the presence of unfolded proteins, the other in response to overloading of the organelle, for example through the overexpression of secretory proteins.


It is an undeniable fact that today women have come out to demystify and restructure male-defined gender-specific roles. Home and hearth are no more their only destiny, nor bearing and rearing their sole cause for being. Things have changed. A whole new world of opportunities and options is spread ahead them. They are determined to realize their personality, to achieve self-dependency through education and enterprise, and to enjoy the thrill of life as self-reliant persons. Self-development, and not mute submergence in domestic mire, is the big aim of the contemporary woman.


Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has become an important tool in the solution of many engineering problems. Although more sophisticated methods are already available for the calculation of turbulent flows, as Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS), Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) or Detached-Eddy Simulation (DES), the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations are still the most common approach in the solution of practical engineering problems. In this paper, we will concentrate on the time-averaged RANS equations, which means that by definition the mean flow variables do not change with time. It is well known that the RANS equations do not form a closed system due to the presence of the Reynolds stresses (produced by the statistical handling of the Navier-Stokes equations). One of the most popular ways to model these unknown terms (that we will also adopt in this study) is to use the concept of eddy-viscosity, which may be computed algebraicly or from the solution of one or more transport equations. The increase of importance of CFD solutions in the development of engineering solutions requires the estimation of the numerical uncertainty of the numerical predictions. From the three components of the numerical error, round-off, iterative and discretization errors [1], the latter is usually the dominant one. Most of the techniques available for the estimation of the discretization error rely on the existence of an 'asymptotic range', which is basically the dominance of the lowest order term of a power series expansion of the error as a function of


This study aims to explain the role of parents in instilling Islamic values in children in the digital era which includes Islamic education, worship, morals, rewards and punishments to children in the digital era. This type of research is qualitative descriptive research. The data sources in this study are the people closest to the writer who are in Medan City. Data collection techniques used in this study were observation and interviews. Data analysis techniques used are data editing, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results obtained show that 1) the role of parents in instilling Islamic education by teaching prayers, stories of the Prophet, the message of Allah, and introducing hijaiyah letters, 2) The role of parents in worship by getting used to, practicing, motivating, and advising children, and with affection, 3) The role of parents in instilling morals by exemplifying and showing the story of the morals of the Prophet Muhammad so that children can imitate them in their lives, 4) Giving rewards and punishments in moderation and still within Islamic guidelines.
Keywords: parental role, Islamic values, digital era


Today, it is important to acknowledge our investment in the technologized visual culture world, but at the same time within that investment, allow for active participation in forms that press for engagement and reflection.  Theorized through phenomenology, embodiment, and performative inquiry, Arts' Educational Relevance in a Technocratic World presents an awakening of space moments of possibilities through active and interactive participation in installation art forms that press for participatory inquiry, engagement, and reflection with our close entanglement with the technologically driven visual culture world, the world in which we dwell, in relationship to our selves and others. Keywords: visual culture; installation art; phenomenology; enactivism; performative inquiry


As an original source of pharmacological actions, drug target is the most direct, important and primary biological basis for drug effects. For a long time, no dramatic breakthroughs have been achieved on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) target identification and clarification, as well as potential molecular mechanism exploration because of the complicated components, leading to a huge obstruction on the progress of TCM modernization and internationalization. However, with the development of molecular biology, chemical biology and biophysics, researchers have established a series of methods for drug target identification for TCM, and tried to apply these methods to the target identification for TCM active ingredients and prescriptions, resulting in many innovative findings and promoting the development of TCM. Thus, this review summarizes the recent progress on TCM target identification, and hopes to provide a new idea to expand new research direction for the breakthrough progress of TCM study.


Objective To explore the effects and related prognostic factors of 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy(3D-CRT) for cervical and upper-thoracic esophageal carcinoma.Methods One hundred and twenty three cases of cervical and upper-thoracic esophageal carcinoma treated with 3D-CRT were collected.2001 to August 2007 Local control rates,survival rates and its related prognostic factors were evaluated retrospectively with SSPS11.5 software.Results The 1,3 and 5year local control rates was 79.0%,50.1% and 49.5%,respectively.The 1-,3-and 5-year overall survival rate was 70.7%,35.9% and 21.7%,respectively.The median survival time was 24.5 months.With univariate analysis,the significant prognostic factors were the different biet,lesion length in barium esophagogram and CT image,the largest diameter of lesion in CT scanning image,T stage,N stage,clinical TNM stage,the immediate response,dose of radiotherapy and chemotherapy.Multivariate analysis revealed that the,lesion length in barium esophagogram,the clinical stage,dose of radiotherapy and chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors.Conclusion 3D-CRT can be considered as an effective and feasible approach for cervical and upper-thoracic esophageal cancer.Lesion length in barium esophagogram,the clinical stage,dose of radiotherapy and chemotherapy were important prognostic factors for cervical and upper-thoracic esophageal cancer.


The present invention, drilling holes (9) on the ground or rocks, in particular percussion drilling or rotary percussion drilling, a method and apparatus, the borehole (9), the drill bit (1 mounted on the drill pipe (3) ) are formed by striking and / or rotational motion by. The drill bit (1), the drill pipe (3) to the binding can and together independently driven it several drill points (2) are provided. According to the present invention the drill points (2), since at the completion of the excavation process can be separated from strong bond with their drill pipe (3), can be moved further towards the center of the borehole (9), the borehole (9) It finished at the time of the entire drill bit (1) including a drill point and (2) drill pipe (3) and can be removed easily and reliably.


Playing for Success is a national initiative, established by the DfEE in partnership with the Premier League, the Nationwide League and their clubs and LEAs. It aims to contribute to raising educational standards, especially in urban areas, by establishing out-of-school-hours Study Support Centres in professional football clubs. Centres are managed by experienced teachers. They use the medium and environment of football to support work in literacy, numeracy and ICT skills, and provide facilities for pupils to complete their homework. With a focus on addressing the needs of underachieving young people in Key Stages 2 and 3, the initiative places a strong emphasis on improving pupils' attitudes and motivation to learn.


We present for the first time, an efficient and a scalable computational approach for conducting projected population analysis from real-space finite-element based Kohn-Sham density functional theory calculations (DFT-FE). The proposed method is implemented in the unified framework of DFT-FE where the ground-state DFT calculation and the population analysis are performed on the same finite-element grid, and provides an important direction towards extracting chemical bonding information from large-scale Kohn Sham DFT calculations on materials systems involving thousands of atoms while accommodating periodic, semi-periodic or full non-periodic boundary to the work conditions. Towards this, we derive the relevant mathematical expressions and develop computationally efficient and scalable numerical implementation procedures to trans-fer chemical bonding information from the finite-element discretized Kohn-Sham DFT eigenfunctions or the Kohn-Sham Hamiltonian onto a localized atomic-orbital basis set to compute the overlap and Hamilton populations on multi-node CPU architectures. Finally, we benchmark the accuracy of our implementation with LOBSTER , a widely used population analysis code on representative material systems involving both periodic, and non-periodic DFT calculations and further demonstrate the advantages of our scalable implementation to understand the bonding nature in increasingly large silicon nanocomposites up to 1000 atoms. involving semi-periodic DFT calculations


Abstract The act of communicating requires the management and use of attention. Communicating using aided Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) may place unique attentional demands becau...


Festivals are among the growing global city and destination attraction factors and they are very trendy. Studies indicate that there is a direct relationship between the successful organizations of festivals and the number of visitors and tourism income of a city destination. Thus, festival marketing efforts usually have a direct impact on city marketing efforts. Due to this fact, the study tries to figure out the festival marketing potential of Izmir city that seems to lag behind the general tourism development pattern of Turkey contrary to the great potential it has. The study comprises of two main sections, first one being a literature review on festival marketing, followed by the second section on a qualitative research on Izmir's festivals and their marketing potential. It tries to determine the positive impacts of Izmir's festivals on destination marketing and by grouping and categorizing them under similar characteristics figuring out the most promising ones. The research consists of four open-ended interview questions on festivals held in Izmir city. As practical implications, Destination Management Organizations, Destination Marketing Organizations, destination and city marketers, festival managers and destination tourism developers may benefit from the findings of this study.


The compatibility of Paecilomyces fumosoroseus with 8 widely used pesticides was investigated by using 24 h liquid culturing in 0.1-1.0 fold concentrations of recommendation for field spray.The results showed that four pesticides,including propamocard,beta-cypermethrin,acetamiprid and imidacloprid,exhibited the high compatibility with P.fumosoroseus having germination rates exceeding 75%,inhibitory effects of triadimefon,chlorothalonil,abamectin on the germination of P.fumosoroseus conidia increased with the pesticide concentrations increased.There were no effects of beta-cypermethrin,acetamiprid and imidacloprid on infectious mortality of P.fumosoroseus in 10 d after treatment with the mortality of 90.43% on the 3rd instar of Plutella xylostella,92.34% on the 3rd instar of Myzus persicae and 93.72% on the 2nd instar of Bemisia tabaci,respectively.When mixed together,the inhibitory effects of abamectin were observed on infectious activity of P.fumosoroseus against the 3rd instar of P.xylostella with mortality of 64.24%,significantly lower than P.fumosoroseus with mortality of 87.35%.No effects of propamocard and chlorothalonil on infectious activity of P.fumosoroseus against the 2nd instar of B.tabaci was observed in 10 d after treatment,when fungicides were sprayed after P.fumosoroseus used 3 d later,while sandofan and triadimefon exhibited the negative effects when against the 2nd instar of B.tabaci with mortality of 39.37% and 43.31%,respectively.


Virtual Assistant Serina SMB Telkom's is the latest technology-based customer service launched by Telkom's SMB National Admission. The Virtual Assistant who is familiarly called the Serina chatbot can serve questions as well as complaints of students, new students, and parents through the LINE messenger application. This research was conducted to determine consumer responses and to see the influence between variables regarding compatibility, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, behavioral intention, and actual use of Serina chatbot using the TAM approach. This research uses quantitative methods with descriptive and causal research types. The sampling technique uses a non probability sampling technique with a purposive sampling type with a sample size of 100 respondents. Data analysis techniques using descriptive analysis and SEM-PLS using the outer model and inner model. Based on the results of descriptive analysis, overall compatibility is in the good category, perceived usefulness in the good enough category, perceived ease of use in the good category, behavioral intention in the good enough category, and actual use in the good enough category. The t-statistic and P-coefficient results show that: compatibility influences perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use, perceived ease of use affects perceived usefulness and behavioral intention, perceived usefulness influences behavioral intention and behavioral intention influences actual use. Keywords: Chatbot, Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Compatibility, Partial Least Square (PLS)


The EAF tap contents(%) (C 0.7~0.90; Mn,Si 0.20~0.30; Al 0.010~0.020)and tap temperature (1660~1680℃) are designed to supply sufficient thermal energy for VOD refining welding rod steel. The process of charging with 50% hot metal and oxidation method can effectively dilute trace elements(As,Cu,P,Cr,V) and the acid slag formed in the process of VOD refining is beneficial to the controlling of element contents (C,O,N,Al,Si,Mn). The welding rod steel with the process of EAF+VOD refining can meet the requirement of standard and the quality level is equal to that of the same kind abroad.


This study aims to examine the speech act functions found in the "Critical Eleven" film and reveal the conversational implicatures used by the film actors. To actualise this aims, this study was conducted using qualitative research designs and by making the speech act theory of (Levinson, 1983) and the speech act function theory of Searle (1979) as the basis for examining the speech act functions in the said film according to its type. The data were collected using the simak method, a method similar to observation one accompanied by an act of scrutinizing speeches of the actors in the film "Critical Eleven". The oral data were collected from the conversations then transcribed into written data. The data analysis result are presented informally or descriptively. The results of data analysis showed there are five speech act functions in the film, namely representative, directive, commissive, expressive, and declarative. The representative function is manifested in the act of giving witness, acknowledging, and stating. The directive one includes the act of asking, and urging. Commissive function includes expressing abilities and promising. Expressive function includes blaming, praising, and congratulating. Declarative function is manifested in the act of prohibiting. Examining the function and meaning of speech acts in the film "Critical Eleven" from the perspective of sociolinguistics is an important topic to raise in further research.


The validity of some of the current research methods used to study supersaturated alumina solutions have been evaluated. In alumina trihydrate crystallisation research, either or both the crystallisation kinetics and crystal population are of interest. Measured liquor concentrations are shown to be sensitive to the length of time before and during analysis and to the pH at which the pH meter is standardised. Solids may be analysed gravimetrically or determined from a particle size distribution (PSD) measurement, with each method having advantages and pitfalls. The population balance may be determined by counting, as with a Coulter Counter or Galai, or indirectly from a simple PSD measurement in conjunction with a mass balance. By gas adsorption measurements, the surface area of alumina trihydrate is shown to correlate well with the surface area calculated from the PSD, indicating that the particles have little porosity.


Abstract : The compatibility of four high-toughness steels (T-1, HY-140, HP-9-4-20, and 18 Ni (200) Maraging) with N2O4 and UDMH propellants was investigated. The compatibility was evaluated by general corrosion and stress corrosion tests at temperatures up to 120F. (Author)


This guide is designed for students and faculty to use as a resource for what "good college writing" looks like—and how students can achieve it—and how faculty can encourage it.


We study the structure of a shock wave for a two-, three- and four-component gas mixture on the basis of numerical solution of the Boltzmann equation for the model of hard sphere molecules. For the evaluation of collision integrals we use the Conservative Projection Method developed by F.G. Tscheremissine which we extended to gas mixtures in cylindrical coordinates. The transition from the upstream to downstream uniform state is presented by macroscopic values and distribution functions. The obtained results were compared with numerical and experimental results of other authors.


There has been a growing concern on developing students' autonomous learning ability in foreign language teaching.This paper is intended to foster learner autonomy through enhancing metacognitive strategys training for the students in the newly-upgraded colleges.During this program,metacognitive strategy training was integrated into intensive reading classroom teaching,focusing on developing students' ability to plan,monitor and evaluate their learning process.After one year's experimental study,the results showed that metacognitive strategy training is effective in promoting learner autonomy in newly-upgraded colleges.


The macroevolutionary processes that have shaped biodiversity across the temperate realm remain poorly understood and may have resulted from evolutionary dynamics related to diversification rates, dispersal rates, and colonization times, closely coupled with Cenozoic climate change. We integrated phylogenomic, environmental ordination, and macroevolutionary analyses for the cosmopolitan angiosperm family Rhamnaceae to disentangle the evolutionary processes that have contributed to high species diversity within and across temperate biomes. Our results show independent colonization of environmentally similar but geographically separated temperate regions mainly during the Oligocene, consistent with the global expansion of temperate biomes. High global, regional, and local temperate diversity was the result of high in-situ diversification rates, rather than high immigration rates or accumulation time, except for Southern China, which was colonized much earlier than other regions. The relatively common lineage dispersals out of temperate hotspots highlights strong source-sink dynamics across the cosmopolitan distribution of Rhamnaceae. The proliferation of temperate environments since the Oligocene may have provided the ecological opportunity for rapid in-situ diversification of Rhamnaceae across the temperate realm. Our study illustrates the importance of high in-situ diversification rates for the establishment of modern temperate biomes and biodiversity hotspots across spatial scales.


This is the fifth and final article in a continuing education series on chronobiology. Previous articles have provided an overview of chronobiology's general principles, and its relation to the endocrine system, melatonin, and myocardial infarction. This article discusses how pharmacologic therapy can be optimized by applying principles of chronobiology. Drug absorption and excretion are influenced by circadian rhythms. Teak drug levels can be timed to coincide with the biologic rhythm of symptoms, and drug-level troughs can be scheduled to match the times the body is most sensitive to adverse drug effects. The treatment of asthma and allergic rhinitis and the use of tumor chemotherapeutic agents illustrate how chronopharmacology is applied in practice.


This document is a catalog of audio-visual materials, other resources, and information on organizations concerned with East Asian studies, all of which are available through Yale University. The catalog begins with a discussion of goals and objectives and of the East Asian Resource and Education Program at Yale and the East Asian Education Resource Center and Library. Annotated bibliographic entries appear under the categories: China, Japan, Korea, Asia, Asian Americans, and International/Global, along with listings of films and videos, slide sets, and other audio-visual materials. A listing of "Organizations, at/or Affiliated with Yale" includes libraries, galleries and collections, and organizations and associations. The catalog provides subject and title indices. (SG) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ***********************************************************************


Abstract Transient enhanced diffusion in boron-implanted silicon is interpreted as being due to the fact that during rapid thermal annealing a relaxation process takes place, associated with quasi-chemical reactions including defects. A simple analytical model makes it possible to describe the annealing mechanism on a microscopic scale in terms of reaction-diffusion processes. The measured dependences of the boron diffusion coefficient of the enhanced diffusion on time, temperature and implantation energy are satisfactorily explained.


The advantages of using a computer are examined for storing, updating and cross indexing taxonomic collection data in working and published lists.


Diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) phosphorylates diacylglycerol to produce phosphatidic acid, leading to decreased and increased levels, respectively, of these two lipid messengers that play a central role in T cell activation. Nine DGK isoforms, grouped into five subtypes, are found in higher organisms; all contain a conserved C-terminal domain and at least two cysteine-rich motifs of unknown function. In this study, we have researched in vivo the regulation of DGKα, using a transgenic mouse model in which injection of an antigenic peptide activates the majority of peripheral T cells. We demonstrate that DGKα, highly expressed in resting T lymphocytes, is subject to complex control at the mRNA and protein levels during in vivo T cell activation. Subcellular fractionation of T lymphocytes shortly after in vivo engagement of the TCR shows rapid translocation of cytosolic DGKα to the membrane fraction. At early time points, DGKα translocation to the membrane correlates with rapid translocation of Ras guanyl nucleotide-releasing protein (RasGRP), a nucleotide exchange activator for Ras that associates to the membrane through a diacylglycerol-binding domain. To demonstrate a causal relationship between DGKα activity and RasGRP relocation to the membrane, we determined RasGRP translocation kinetics in a T cell line transiently transfected with constitutive active and dominant-negative DGKα mutants. We show that membrane localization of DGKα is associated with a negative regulatory signal for Ras activation by reversing RasGRP translocation. This study is the first demonstration of in vivo regulation of DGKα, and provides new insight into the functional role of a member of this family of lipid kinases in the regulation of the immune response.


Inhibitive action of acridine against corrosion of aluminium was studied in aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid by weight loss measurements and also by spectrochemical analysis of corrosion products. It was found that in aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid with acridine, the corrosion of aluminium was inhibited by being covered with a deposited film, which continued to increase the thickness with the passage of corrosion time. However, after some inhibition period, whose length was found to be strongly dependent upon the initial concentration of acridine in the acid solution, the film was observed to peel off from the surface, then aluminium was corroded at a rate similar to that in the uninhibited acid solution, even though sufficient amounts of acridine for inhibiting the corrosion of aluminium still remained in the acid solution. After the corrosion of aluminium had begun in such solution, the film was not formed again on the surface, while white precipitate became appeared in the acid solution and increased rapidly the amounts with the passage of corrosion time. The exfoliation of the surface was considered to be due to a poor adhesiveness and an action of hydrogen generated by cathodic reaction. Both the film and the precipitate were found to consist of ethanol soluble and ethanol-insoluble substances, which were determined to be acridan and 9, 9'-biacridan, respectively, by spectrochemical analysis. Adsorption of Acridine and subsequently film formation mechanism were discussed.


Researched is the problem of implementing distance learning in the higher education system during the coronovirus pandemic. The results of a survey of 186 students of Kurgan State University studying in various scientific fields are considered. A comparative analysis of distance and full-time forms of education showed that half of the students of the humanities and mathematics/technical areas formed a positive attitude to the distance learning format; about a third of these students with a desire and the same number without a desire went to full-time form; they consider the ratio of 50/50% to be the optimal ratio of full-time and distance learning; and the quality of training and teaching, in their opinion, does not depend on the form of educational activity. Among the representatives of the natural science cycle, only 16% of students formed a positive attitude to distance learning and almost half of them (45%) were willing to go to full-time training; 51% believe that the motivation for learning is higher with full-time knowledge acquisition, and the optimal ratio of full-time and remote forms should be 70/30%; at the same time, in their opinion, the quality of education and teaching deteriorates in the distance. This is due, in our opinion, to the specifics of the disciplines studied. Most of the students of all training profiles (76–92%) are sure that it is easier to pass exams, pass border control, and pass certification remotely. 60–70% of all students experienced technical difficulties during the distance learning period. The main advantages of the distance form, according to students, are: the ability to study without leaving home (89–92%), in an individual mode, at a pace (88%); the ability to use hints (80–83%); no need to create a business image (78–86%). The main disadvantages: the lack of "live" communication (56–81%); technical problems (63–57%); reduced availability of material (40–70%); harm to health (40–50%), and others. The main advantages of the full-time form are: the presence of "live" communication (95%), the ability to get an explanation of a difficult question from the teacher (84–96%), the availability of perception of the material (53–76%), the completeness of participation in the educational process (60–67%), etc. Significant disadvantages of the full-time form are material costs for travel and meals at an educational institution (87–88%), loss of time due to the need to get to the place of study (85–87%), difficulties to use hints during control tests (50–75%), the need for regular preparation for classes (20–70%), and others.


This paper explores a user interface technique which augments an immersive head tracked display with a hand-held miniature copy of the virtual environment. We call this interface technique the Worlds in Miniature (WIM) metaphor. By establishing a direct relationship between life-size objects in the virtual world and miniature objects in the WIM, we can use the WIM as a tool for manipulating objects in the virtual environment. In addition to describing object manipulation, this paper explores ways in which Worlds in Miniature can act as a single unifying metaphor for such application independent interaction techniques as object selection, navigation, path planning, and visualization. The WIM metaphor naturally offers multiple points of view and multiple scales at which the user can operate, all without requiring explicit modes or commands. Informal user observation indicates that users adapt to the Worlds in Miniature metaphor quickly and that physical props are helpful in manipulating the WIM and other objects in the environment.


Abstract : This report provides information to help Army installations develop a drought contingency plan that reflects an individual installation's specific needs. The various stages of drought are defined to allow installation personnel to recognize the degree to which their water supplies may be reduced. Several water conservation and augmentation strategies that have been used successfully are provided, and guidelines for developing a successful drought contingency plan are outlined. These guidelines provide a basis for estimating emergency water requirements and show ways to assign water use priorities and allocate water supplies. Keywords: Drought, Water conservation, Army installations.


Solutes are materials that are chemically dissolved in water. These include cations (positively charged ions) such as calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium; anions (negatively charged ions) including chloride, sulfate, silicate, and bicarbonate; and organic molecules. In comparison to these common solutes, which are found in relatively large concentrations in many natural waters, more biologically important solutes such as phosphate and ammonium are normally present at very low concentrations. Solutes enter streams from three natural sources. First, the atmosphere (e.g., rainwater) is often the major source of chloride, sodium, and sulfate. Second, other solutes come from soil and rock weathering, including calcium, phosphate, silica, and magnesium. Third, biological processes may be important. For example, while nitrate may enter from the atmosphere or from weathering, it also may be generated from nitrogen that was biologically fixed by cyanobacteria. In addition, inorganic carbon (i.e., carbon dioxide, bicarbonate, or carbonate) comes from the atmosphere and weathering, but it also comes from respiration by soil and stream organisms. Point sources (such as pipes) and nonpoint sources (e.g., agricultural runoff) are often major inputs of solutes to streams. Solutes in water can be classified according to their biological and chemical reactivity. Conservative solutes are those that do not react chemically or biologically, and thus their concentration is not changed by in-stream processes other than dilution from groundwater or tributaries. As such, conservative solutes mimic downstream transport of water. Examples of conservative solutes include lithium and bromide (e.g., Bencala et al., 1991). On the other hand, solutes whose concentration is changed by chemical and/or biological transformations are referred to as nonconservative or reactive solutes. Nutrients such as nitrate and phosphate are examples of reactive solutes. Some reactive solutes may be so abundant that biological and chemical transformations do not measurably influence stream concentration and may in fact be treated as conservative solutes. Chloride is an example of such a solute that, although is essential to organisms, exists in most streams in concentrations that far exceed biological needs. As such, chloride is often used as a conservative solute in stream studies (e.g., Triska et al., 1989). Solute dynamics describe the coupled physical, chemical, and biological processes that govern transformations of materials dissolved in water. As such, the term describes the spatial and temporal patterns of solute transport and transformation (Stream Solute Workshop, 1990). Solute dynamics are tightly coupled to the physical movement of water in all ecosystems, but in streams this coupling between transport and transformation is particularly important. Material cycling in a conventional, ecological, sense describes the continued recycling of solutes between inorganic and organic (living or dead) forms (Fig. 30.1). When considering a single point in space and time, the unidirectional flow of stream water prohibits material cycling in this conventional view (Webster and Patten, 1979). At the reach scale, however, cycling becomes apparent as inorganic materials are mineralized and transported downstream before being reacted upon biologically or chemically. Stream ecologists term this combination of cycling and longitudinal transport a spiral (Fig. 30.1; Webster, 1975). The balance between how much and for how long solutes are retained versus being transported longitudinally is central to understanding stream ecosystem functioning.


Introduction Natural hazards such as landslides and floods have caused significant damage to properties, natural resources, and human lives. The increased anthropogenic activities in weak geological areas have led to a rise in the frequency of landslides, making landslide management an urgent task to minimize the negative impact. This study aimed to use hyper-tuned machine learning and deep learning algorithms to predict landslide susceptibility model (LSM) and provide sensitivity and uncertainty analysis in Aqabat Al-Sulbat Asir region of Saudi Arabia. Methods Random forest (RF) was used as the machine learning model, while deep neural network (DNN) was used as the deep learning model. The models were hyper-tuned using the grid search technique, and the best hypertuned models were used for predicting LSM. The generated models were validated using receiver operating characteristics (ROC), F1 and F2 scores, gini value, and precision and recall curve. The DNN based sensitivity and uncertainty analysis was conducted to analyze the influence and uncertainty of the parameters to the landslide. Results Results showed that the RF and DNN models predicted 35.1–41.32 and 15.14–16.2 km2 areas as high and very high landslide susceptibility zones, respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) of ROC curve showed that the LSM by the DNN model achieved 0.96 of AUC, while the LSM by RF model achieved 0.93 of AUC. The sensitivity analysis results showed that rainfall had the highest sensitivity to the landslide, followed by Topographic Wetness Index (TWI), curvature, slope, soil texture, and lineament density. Discussion Road density and geology map had the highest uncertainty to the landslide prediction. This study may be helpful to the authorities and stakeholders in proposing management plans for landslides by considering potential areas for landslide and sensitive parameters.


Polish Society of Nephrology (PSN) was founded during its First Founding Congress organized in September 1983 in Bydgoszcz. At this time two structures connected with nephrology existed in Poland: Nephrological Committee of the Polish Academy of Science chaired by prof. Tadeusz Orłowski (Warsaw) and Nephrological Section of the Polish Society of Internal Medicine chaired by prof. Kazimierz Trznadel (Łódź). The main initiator and propagator of the PSN was prof. Franciszek Kokot (Katowice) who was then member of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association Board (1, 2). One has to remember that it was time when other National Nephrological Societies were founded in whole E Kokot was supported strongly by the group of other known Polish nephrologists like prof. Kazimierz Bączyk (Poznań), prof. Zenon Szewczyk (Wrocław) and prof. Zygmunt Hanicki (Kraków) and great part of the younger colleagues. All of them worked hard to persuade this idea to other nephrological leaders. In Bydgoszcz last official Conference of the Nephrological Section of Polish Society of Internal Medicine was transformed to the PSN Founding Congress. It is necessary to mention that local organizer of this event was prof. Edmund Nartowicz, Head of Nephrology Department in Bydgoszcz and all necessary documents were prepared by prof. Kazimierz Trznadel (Head of Nephrology Department in ABSTRACT Polish Society of Nephrology (PSN) was born during the Founding Congress organized in September 1983 in Bydgoszcz. The main propagator of this idea was prof. Franciszek Kokot by-laws was approved and first Executive Council of the Society was elected. First PSN president was elected Tadeusz Orłowski (W and vicepresident Andrzej Manitius (Gdańsk) respectively. Subsequent Congresses were organizes each three years in following cities: Kraków (1986), Gdańsk (1989), Katowice (1992), Lublin (1995), Poznań (1998), (2010), Wrocław (2013) and Łódź (2016). During these meetings and annual conferences organized between congresses actual topics dedicated to pathophysiology, clinical nephrology, dialysis therapy and kidney transplantation were presented and Orłowski was the PSN president till 1986 and subsequently other known Polish nephrology leaders hold this function: Kazimierz Bączyk (Poznań: 1986-1989), Franciszek Kokot (Katowice: 1989 20042007), Andrzej Więcek (Katowice: 2007 Michał Nowicki (Łódź: 2016 – present). Number of PSN members has risen from 150 at the beginning to over 1000 nowadays. During 34 years regional structure of PSN was established and today 9 regional divisions are actively working. In 2014 Young Nephrologists' Club was organized in PSN which is collaborating with Young Nephrologists' Platform existing in the ERA closely with international (ISN, ERA-EDTA, IAHN) and Polish (Polish Transplantation Society) scientific societies. Many well known scientists from whole the world were recognized as Honorary Members of PSN. Coming to the end of this worth to mention also that two journals are officially recognized by our society: Nefrologia I Dializoterapia Polska (Polish Dialysis Therapy) edited from 1997 in Kraków and Forum Nefrologiczne (


A combination of a.c. and d.c. electrical conductivity measurements was used to characterize the charge transport in single crystals of CaWO4 which were equilibrated with H2-H2O-Ar gas mixtures. Measurements were made over the temperature range from 900'C to 1300'C and the P /P H O H 2 2 range from 0.02 to 3.0. The a.c. conductivity at 1000'C varied from 51.4 . x 10-6 to 5.89 x 10-6 mho/cm for PH20/PH = 0.02 and 2.0, respectively; the d.c. conductivity. changed from 51.0 x 10-6 to 5.42 x 10-6 mho/cm under the same experimental conditions. The partial logarithmic derivative of doc. conductivity with respect to the water-to-hydrogen gas pressure ratio was -1/2·between 1000'C and 1300'C. The transference number of electrons varied from 0.99 to 0.92 at 1000'C for P /P = 0.02 and 2.0 respectively, H O H 2 2 and independent measurements of the transference number of oxygen gave values of 0.04 to 0.07 over the same range of experimental conditions. All / of the results may be described with a paired defect model of oxygen ' vacancies and oxygen interstitials (majority carriers) and minority electrons. This report was prepared as a n account of· work | sponsored by the Unit ed States Government. Neither the United States nor the United S tates Atomic Energy Commission, nor any of their employees, nor any o f their contractors, subcontractors, or their employees, makes any warranty, expr6ss or implied, or assumes any legal liability' or. responsibility for the accuracy, completedefs 'or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately own ed rights. >. ., DISTRIBUTION OF THIS DOCU MENT IS UNLIMIT B DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency Thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. DISCLAIMER Portions of this document may be illegible in electronic image products. Images are produced from the best available original document.


Before the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), HIV and its associated infectious and malignant complications were the major causes of death in patients with HIV infection, including those with serious comorbidities involving the heart, liver or kidney (1). Consequently, therapy of the underlying liver disease, such as hepatitis C virus (HCV), was often not attempted, and transplantation of scarce organs was not a consideration.


Damage and defects that occur in printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) often lead to the disposal of expensive components. In cases where laminate and circuitry have been removed, traditional repairs in the manufacturing process have not been able to return devices into service. This study examines the use of aerosol jet printing (AJP) and traditional engineering fluid dispensing (EFD) as methods to service repairs of damaged PCBAs.Surface mount component failures on PCBAs may occur as a result of a bad solder joint or problems with the component. In order to salvage such a PCBA, the component must be physically removed from the board and a new be attached. During the removal of PCBA components, pad cratering may occur, where the pad and laminate are damaged/removed along with the component. This leaves behind a crater in place of the pad, rendering the board unrepairable and thus, unusable. Trace damage is another common failure in PCBs. A repair to either sort of damage often requires reconnections of intricate circuitry to be made. Trace repair has traditionally been serviced by soldering a wire between the undamaged regions, rerouting the connection. In the case of fine conductive traces, as seen in devices which are becoming smaller as heterogeneous packaging innovations continue to progress, traditional methods will not be able to service this sort of damage.Aerosol jet printing, a direct-write additive manufacturing process commonly used in flexible hybrid electronics, could save expensive PCBs by repairing cratered pads and damaged traces. The use of AJP has been successful in repairing damaged modules, however the process has not been optimized for general repairs on FR4. The use of AJP and EFD to repair damaged circuitry on FR4 laminate and to fill pad craters with copper nanoparticle ink is demonstrated. Copper ink structures are uniformly sintered to achieve a solderable surface and good adhesion to the exposed laminate and remaining copper on the PCB. Processing conditions and methods to minimize voiding, cracking, and oxidation are discussed. The confined dimensions of the craters bring additional challenges to printing and curing as large structures are desired, but require tailored drying and sintering schedules to ensure good adhesion and minimize voids.


This paper describes how a large portion of the Yelgun to Chinderah Freeway was located in areas underlain by soft soils. Construction of the road embankments in these types of areas presented significant constraints and risks to the project, and involved short-term instability and long-term settlement. Due diligence was carried out in order to ensure development of effective solutions and control and reduction of risks. A risk management system was implemented, which integrated design, construction, and field testing and monitoring in order to achieve the stringent project requirements. The design and construction were constantly reviewed and modified as required in response to the field performance. This process allowed flexibility in design and construction and was proved to be successful and cost effective.


The Mchaweh–Nasrifar-Mashfeghian, Hankinson Thomson, Yamada Gunn and Reid et al. models were used to estimate the liquid density of the binary mixtures methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) + (n-hexane, nheptane, benzene and tert-butyl alcohol (TBA)) at the range 288.15-313.15 K and atmospheric pressure, over the whole concentration range. All the four theoretical models studied in this work predict with accuracy the liquid density of pure compounds. The Mchaweh–Nasrifar-Mashfeghian model gave the best results for all mixtures, and Yamada Gunn correlation with the mixing rules proposed in this work gave also accurate results only for MTBE+(n-hexane, n-heptane and benzene).


insecticides design using advanced technologies is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our books collection saves in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the insecticides design using advanced technologies is universally compatible with any devices to read.


Objective To find a bacteria DNA extraction method which is convenient,quick,cheap and also can get more bacteria information.Methods To extract supragingival plaque DNA of 3 chronic periodontitis patients with Washing+Freeze-Thawing+Bead Beater+Phenol-Chloroform Extraction(Method X),DNA Extraction Kit(Method Y),Washing+Freeze-Thawing+ DNA Extraction Kit(Method Z),Boiling(Method U) and Boiling With Chelex-100(Method V),and then analysed the length and concentration of DNA,include the microorganism diversity and similarity with Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis(DGGE),and assenss these DNA extraction methods from different aspects.Results DNA located 3kbp-20kbp in Method X and 500bp-20kbp in Method Y and Z;there was no significant DNA image in Method U;and in Method V DNA located 500bp-2kbp.The concentration of DNA was high in Method Y、 Z and V,however,it was low in Method X and U.There was no significant difference in the microorganism diversity of supragingival plaque in Method X、Y、Z and V.The similarity was high among Method X、Y and Z,but comparing Method V to Method X、Y and Z,the similarity was low.ConclusionsThere was no significant difference in Washing+ Freeze-Thawing+Bead Beater+Phenol-Chloroform Extraction,DNA Extraction Kit,Washing+Freeze-Thawing+ DNA Extraction Kit,and Boiling With Chelex-100.Boiling was not good enough for DNA extraction.


Refining grain plays an important role in improving the mechanical properties of aluminum alloys. However, the conventional casting method with a slow cooling rate can be easy to cause coarseness of the microstructure and serious segregation. In this paper, the rapid solidification of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy was prepared by the single-roller belt method. The alloy strip was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and hardness test to study the microstructure and properties of the rapidly solidified aluminum alloy. The results show that the roller speed was an important parameters affecting the formability of the alloy. When the roller speed was 15 m/s, the aluminum alloy produced a thin bandwidth of 5 mm and a thickness of 150 um. As the rotation speed of the roller increased, the cooling rate of the melt increased, and the microstructure of the rapidly solidified Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy strip improved in grains refinement. Compared with the conventionally cast Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloys, the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloys prepared by rapid solidification showed much finer crystal grains, and enhanced solid solubility of alloying elements with less precipitation of second phase and high hardness.


Synoptic analyses of solar backscattered ultraviolet (SBUV) ozone data have been performed on a daily basis for the first year of NIMBUS 7 operation, November 1978 through October 1979, at the standard pressure levels: 30, 10, 5, 2, 1, and 0.4 mbar. By combining these data with the daily NMC meteorological analyses of temperature and geostrophic wind at the same levels, we are able to examine elements of the ozone-temperature relationship as well as the horizontal eddy transports. In particular, the existence of an upper stratospheric high-latitude ozone minimum in winter is discussed, and the eddy fluxes are found to play a significant role in this feature, mainly associated with stratospheric warming pulses. At the same time, monthly average quantities are examined, and standing eddy components are related.


emissions and gross domestic product (GDP) from 1958 to 1995. Maybe I am overly suspicious of any presentations on global warming, but for a book published in 2004, one must question why readily available national CO2 emission and GDP data from 1996 to near present are omitted from this important figure. One page later, we learn that Canada signed the Kyoto Protocol in 1997 and ratified it in 2002, agreeing to reduce CO2 emissions 6 percent below 1990 levels. The next sentence notes that Canadian ''CO2 emissions were 13.5 percent higher in 1998 than in 1990,'' and I am left again to wonder why data from recent years have been neglected. The book is titled Hard Choices, so where are the most recent hard data? The third chapter in Part 1 details impacts of climate change for Canada and generally presents a balanced view of costs and benefits of warming and climate change for a highly developed country saddled (or blessed) with high-latitude winters. Part 2 is a collection of five chapters under the banner of ''What Can We Do?'' My first thought, given that Canada is responsible for barely 2 percent of global CO2 emissions, is make a not-so-hard choice and elect to do nothing. Interesting chapters in this subsection focus on terrestrial carbon sinks, technological advances, economic restructuring, regional adaptation strategies, and legal issues regarding the Kyoto Protocol. At one point in Part 2, Hard Choices comes face to face with a hard realityFCanada could vanish completely, its CO2 emissions could diminish to zero, and the climate impact would be trivial. As detailed on page 147, Canada would be well served to place emphasis ''on adaptation strategies and on adaptation research'' given that commitments and consequences involving CO2 emission reductions would be hardly noticed by instruments measuring global greenhouse gas concentrations throughout the world. Part 3, entitled ''Hard Choices,'' is composed of three main chapters and a ''Concluding Remarks'' chapter by Weaver. The first of these chapters provides a valuable background chronicling Canada's history in confronting the global warming issue. In the final two paragraphs, we find two brutally honest statements concluding that ''Canada's emission reductions alone will have only a very minor impact on rates of climate change'' and ''Kyoto is only a first small step towards stabilizing both greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere and global climate.'' Given that Canada is today light years from achieving anything close to that first ''small step,'' we see the dilemma faced by even the most well-intentioned nations. The next chapter is entitled ''Beyond Kyoto,'' in which the authors should be given enormous credit for their observation that ''the U.S. position cannot said to be a partisan one, for it has been maintained in both Democratic and Republican administrations.'' The third chapter in Part 3, written by Harold Coward of the religious studies group, was the one I looked forward to the most. Much of the chapter deals with how religious groups throughout Canada deal with what is right and good. The material seemed adapted from some other essay, but as a climate scientist, I found myself in no position to comment on the connection between religious themes and the global warming debate. Nonetheless, I credit Coward for breaking new ground in the greenhouse literature. The ''Concluding Remarks'' chapter by Weaver is only two-and-a-half pages long and, frankly, could have been expanded to pull the entire effort together a bit more effectively. In my admittedly skeptical view of this entire global warming issue, I might have suggested the final chapter be titled ''All Pain, No Gain.'' Hard Choices is very well written, free of errors, and nicely illustrated with many color maps and diagrams. Some of the figures could have been updated with more recent data, and possibly a chapter on Canadian regional variations in support for the ratification of the Kyoto Protocol would have improved the commendable effort of the collaborators. I recommend the book to scholars, students, and policy makers who have interests in Canada, climate change, and humanistic dimensions of difficult environmental choices.


This paper presents a new visual aggregation model for representing visual information about moving objects in video data. Based on available automatic scene segmentation and object tracking algorithms, the proposed model provides eight operations to calculate object motions at various levels of semantic granularity. It represents trajectory, color and dimensions of a single moving object and the directional and topological relations among multiple objects over a time interval. Each representation of a motion can be normalized to improve computational cost and storage utilization. To facilitate query processing, there are two optimal approximate matching algorithms designed to match time-series visual features of moving objects. Experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithms outperform the conventional subsequence matching methods substantially in the similarity between the two trajectories. Finally, the visual aggregation model is integrated into a relational database system and a prototype content-based video retrieval system has been implemented as well.


Using living organisms as indicators of environmental quality is a well-established practice. In 1916 the Bureau of Mines recommended that canaries be used as indicators of dangerous carbon monoxide levels (Burrell and Seibert 1916), and recently, stream-dwelling invertebrates, pigeons, and seabirds have been used to determine environmental quality (Thomas 1973; Wilhm 1970; Presst 1971). Lichens are good indicators of air quality because they are susceptible to poisoning by airborne sulphur dioxide and flourides (Gilbert 1970). Indicator species have been numerically rated on their relative resistance to air pollution (Hawksworth and Rose 1970; Dennison 1973). Also, within a fairly localized region (e.g., a valley, a pine forest at the same elevation, or a city), the relative air quality of various sampling sites can be determined by computing the relative diversity of lichens growing on comparable surfaces of equal age (Pike 1976). The fungal portion of a lichen has the ability to absorb airborne ions, mostly from rainwater, in excess of its basic needs. Some lichen species are known to concentrate silicon, phosphorous, magnesium, iron, aluminum, and a number of radioactive isotopes (Gorham 1959). A crustose lichen native to Belgium, Diploschistes scruposus, contained five times the concentration of zinc found in the material on which it was growing (Lambion, Maquinay, and Ramaut 1964). In areas with clean air, lichens can tolerate the accumulated ions, and in many cases, they serve as nourishment for the plant. In areas polluted by sulphur dioxide and flourides, however, lichens accumulate lethal concentrations. Because some species of lichens are more resistant to pollutants than others, certain species will disappear from an area as the air pollution worsens.


Title of thesis: Topics in Astrophysical X-ray and Gamma Ray Spec troscopy Roger W. Bussard, Doctor of Philosophy, 1978 Thesis directed by: Doctor Reuven Ramaty We have investigated a number of topics relating to astrophyd ical observations that have already been made or are currently planned of spectral features, mostly emission lines, in the X-ray and gamma ray regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. These topics include: the production of characteristic X-ray and gamma ray lines by non thermal ions, spectral features induced by processes occurring in strong magnetic fields, and the positron annihilation line at 0.5 NeV. Although astrophysical spectroscopy in this regime is quite young, a number of conclusions can be drawn from existing observa tions and upper limits, and much can be learned from experiments currently under consideration. First, we have calculated the rate of X-ray production at 6.8 keV by the 2p to is transition in fast hydrogenand helium-like iron ions, following both electron capture to excited levels and collisional excitation. We used a refinement of the OBK approxi mation to obtain an improved charge exchange cross section. This and the corresponding-ionization cross section were used to determine equilibrium charge fractions for iron ions as a function of their energy. The effective X-ray line production cross section was found to be sharply peaked in energy at about 10 MeV/amu. Since fast ions with similar energies can also excite nuclear levels, we have cal culated the ratio of selected strong gamma ray line emissivities to the X-ray line emissivity. We use these calculations to set limits on the gamma ray line intensity from the galactic center and the radio galaxy .Centaurus A, and we find that these limits are generally lower than fluxes reported in the literature. In addition, the presence of interstellar dust grains can give rise to a very narrow line profile for some gamma ray lines from nuclear excitations. In a grain, a nucleus with a long lived excited state may be stopped before emitting the gamma ray. We have compiled the relevant range and energy loss relations and have then shown the results of this effect for several examples. The intense magnetic fields (of order 1012 gauss) believed to exist at the surfaces of X-ray pulsars could produce observable structure in their spectra. Such fields severely quantize the motion of electrons in the transverse plane, and line emission and absorp tion can occur accompanying transitions between levels. We have confirmed a previous calculation of the rates for these processes, and we have calculated the cross section for electron-ion Coulomb collisions in strong fields. This cross section is significantly modified by the quantization due to the magnetic field. We have then calculated the line production rates for direct excitation by accreting material and by excitation from thermalcollisions. The results are compared with recent observations of Hercules X-1, and we find that the interpretation of the spectrum in terms of an emission line is less likely than that of an absorption feature. Future observations with higher spectral resoluti6n should resolve the question. Finally, we have studied the annihilation of galactic positrons in order to evaluate the probabilities of various channels of anni hilation and to calculate the spectrum of the resulting radiation. The narrow width (FWHM less than 3.2 keV) of the 0.51 MeV line ob served from the galactic center direction (Leventhal at al. 1978 a,b) implies that a large fraction of the positrons should annihilate in a medium of temperature less than 105K and ionization fraction greater than 0.05. HII regions at the galactic center could be possible-sites


present form is probably not more than a hundred years older than the time of the IV1accabees (see Moore and Budde in loc.).l But how was it that the translator stumbled over so simple an expression? i' My conjecture is either that the final n of n~1'v had been dropped in his copy of the original, or 'was indicated by a contraction which he overlooked. 2 The remaining letters making no sense, the whole expression was understood as the name of a locality, and reiidered ' ~t, 'A~apa~,EJ~.' The main objection to the reading


Information is presented on single people in West Germany, using data from the 1972-1989 microcensuses. Topics discussed include the number of one-person households; the percentage of the population living alone; and one-person households by sex, age group, marital status, labor force participation, income, and size of community.


Background: In Nepal childbirth is one of the most vulnerable periods of a woman's life and knowledge about the normal birth process, as well as danger signs, could be a life-saving intervention. Antenatal care programmes are therefore particularly relevant in Nepal where women deliver on their own in rural areas as well as in facility and hospital settings. Aim: This study aimed to describe the relevant content and structure of a culturally tailored antenatal care programme in Nepal to be developed from the input of healthcare providers. Methods: Qualitative semi-structured interviews with 26 health care providers were analyzed using Elo and Kyngas' content analysis. This study received ethical approval from the research ethics committee at Dalarna University, Sweden, and the Nepal Health Research Council. Findings: The results present possible (1) content and (2) structure of a culturally tailored antenatal care programme. Content is comprised of (a) how pregnancy affects the mother and how her lifestyle affects the unborn child; (b) normal childbirth, complications, and preparations; and (c) postpartum period – parenthood, childcare, and breastfeeding. Structure is related to (a) programme leader and location; (b) participants; and (c) pedagogy. Conclusion: This antenatal care programme will be culturally tailored to empower women with self-confidence and their decision-making power may increase in the family system regarding their own and their children's health and wellbeing. Clinical Application: This study can help those designing culturally sensitive antenatal care programs in Nepal.


The University precepts are the central reflection of the university running policies,cultural traditions and talent training.Most universities attach great importance to summarizing a special and vivid precept,and also make full use of it in terms of school running.By comparing and analyzing the similarities and differences of origin and content,form and functions of different university precept,and tends to understand the precepts and spirit of the university in every aspects.


Our goal in this project is to develop a better understanding of young readers' difficulties in comprehending text, and how those difficulties vary as a function of reader aptitudes and text genre. Therefore, we examined the effects of reading decoding abilities and world knowledge (assessed using the Woodcock-Johnson III Tests of Achievement) on 61 third-grade readers' comprehension of narrative and expository texts. The children read a narrative (445 words) and an expository (464 words) text. Comprehension of each text was assessed with 12 multiple-choice questions. Comprehension of the narrative text improved as a function of decoding ability. In contrast, expository text comprehension was driven by world knowledge. The latter result indicates that the low-knowledge children were not able to make the knowledge-based inferences required by the expository text, replicating previous work conducted with adult populations (e.g., McNamara, 2001). Potential solutions to facilitate comprehension from expository texts, such as increased text cohesion and reading strategy instruction are discussed.


The paper is about the coke quality requirements caused by blast furnace volume enlargement and PCI with rich oxygen, and the disparity between the required quality and that of available coke is also analyzed. It's emphasized that the special properties of the cold and hot strength of coke should be considered dialectically. Many methods for improving the quality of coke in every stage of coke production are discussed.


The realization of advanced concept solar cells that circumvent assumptions inherent in the Shockley–Queisser limit depends strongly on a competition between carrier energy relaxation processes to the lattice and high energy processes that do useful work. Here we review the role of ultrafast carrier dynamics in the performance of such advanced concept devices, experimental results to date, and then present theoretical studies of such processes using ensemble Monte Carlo simulation of electrons, holes and phonons, with a particular focus on such processes in multi-quantum well systems, as well as III–V nanowires.


The article is devoted to the fight against historical myth-making. The reason for writing the material is the «world discovery» — the time when the Ashevan yurts appeared in the taiga Irtysh region. This became known to «all knowing Wikipedia», indicating the year 1226. A «more modest» date (1296) was mentioned in August 2020 in the Muslim-info newspaper published in Tyumen. The purpose of this article is to refute these historical myths on the basis of scientific and historical facts of the history of Muslims of the Ust-Ishim district of the Omsk region. The author comes to the conclusion that the legend of the birth of the Ashevan yurts in 1226 bears little resemblance to the true «biography» of the village. The described case testifies that in the future, the creation of scientifically grounded «Histories of Siberian villages» is an urgent task for scientists and local historians


Considering the growth and management of fruit tree, intelligent decision management technology based on modern information technology improves the quality of fruit tree production and meets the needs of modern agriculture, agricultural information technology includes neural networks, ontology, expert system, decision support system etc, and growth model has the function which can predict and manage, the system can regard various parameters of different conditions as input factors, is used to provide pruning, irrigation, fertilization, yield prediction, cultivation and management, model prediction, dynamic control, decision-making and so on, achieve the close combination of theory research and production practice of expert system, and make full use of the advantage of fruit tree growth models and expert system, then provide technical support and management decision services for the management of fruit tree.


A propos de : Daniel Immerwahr, Thinking Small : The United States and the Lure of Community Development, Cambridge, Harvard


: The production of xanthan gum, an industrially important microbial exopolysaccharide, was enhanced by using Xanthomonas campestris cells adsorbed to cotton fibers. However, the function of xanthan polymers during cell adsorption has not been elucidated. Polyethylenimine (PEI), a cationic polyelectrolyte, was employed to investigate respective effects of fiber surface properties and xanthan polymers during cell adsorption. Adsorption of X. campestris cells to fiber was independent of fiber roughness and hairiness, and the effect of electrostatic interactions between cells and fiber was insignificant. Fiber hydrophilicity was critical in initiating cell-fiber contacts, whereas xanthan polymers enhanced retention of cells on fiber surface. The untreated cotton showed the highest immobilization efficiency and xanthan production.


by the most powerful microscopes. This diplococcus can very well be cultivated in different nutrient soils, whereas gonococcus can only be cultivated in serum of blood ; in other nutrient soils it does not grow. The diplococcus of trachoma has its seat inside the trachoma follicles, but outside the cells ; whereas gonococcus lives in the cells or at the outside of the conjunctiva-at least, does not enter deeply into this membrane. Diplococcus of trachoma cannot be successfully inoculated into the conjunctiva of rabbits; but it is said that it has more than once been successfully inoculated into the human conjunctiva. Gonococcus, one of the most dangerous microzoa of the eye, is very easily transferable to the mucous membranes of any animal. As to the treatment of trachoma, a variety of drugs has been successively recommended, but sulphate of copper is the one that is most generally.in use. In comparison with nitrate of silver, it may perhaps be preferable, because it is less energetic, and does not act so superficially. Its action certainly proceeds deeper into the tissue, and may, therefore, be better adapted to reach the diplococcus, which is seated, not on the surface, but in the follicles of the conjunctiva. The method of squeezing, or cutting, or scratching out the follicles has practically proved useful, and is, bacterioloaically, quite correct. Saccuts Lacrymalis.-The lacrymal sac is like a reservoir for the fluid secreted by the conjunctiva. This fluid, always more or less loaded with micro-organismg, is stopped by the least impediment on its way to the nose, the sac being thus stuffed with microzoa. Fortunately, they may not be altogether pathogenic; but some, or a great part of them, being pathogenic, it will be a very dangerous collection in the neighbourhood of the eye. When the sac is filled up, the outlet to the nose being closed, the fluid may occasionally regurgitate into the conjunctiva, and may greatly endanger its safety, being innocuous only when it contains non-pathogenic organisms alone. The presence of a stricture in the lacrymal duct, and a filling up of the lacrymal sac with matter, has long since been considered a dangerous complication. Practically, it will always be advisable to pay great attention to this complication, the relative quantity of pathogenic and non-pathogenic microzoa being variable. The least wound of the cornea, the least loss of its epithelium, as well as any operation, opens a way into the deeper layers of the cornea, and allows of the entrance of micro-organisms. The result of this, if the microzoa are pathogenic, will be a grave suppuration. There exists a form of keratitis, called ulcus serpens and keratitishypopyon, the dangerous course of which, well known to the profession, can hardly be explained except by infection. Keratitis mycotica.-The first time we met with the word keratitis mycotica, which means inflammation of the cornea, caused by micro-organism, was in the year 1875. At the ninth meeting of the Ophthalmic Society, Professor Horner, of Ziirich, demonstrated the cornea of a patient, who died in consequence of facial erysipelas, having suffered in the last days of his life from a large ulceration in the lower part of the cornea. The microscopical sections of this cornea seen with the naked eye showed a great nlumber of fine straight lines running out from the ulcer in a centrifugal direction ; seen under the microscope, this network of straight lines proved to be dilated lynmph canals of the cornea filled with numerous minute spherical bodies, all of about the same size. The members of the Society who were present were persuaded that this case was really of a mycotic character, and that the spherules seen in the cornea were specimelns of the coccus of erysipelas. There are still other diseases of the eye probably depending on parasitical infection. Microzoa have been found in a chalazion ; they have been seen in the internal parts of the eye-in the iris, in the choroid, in the ciliary body, in the optic nerve; local and general tuberculosis has been successfully produced by inoculating the bacilli of tubercle into the anterior chamber ot a rabbit's eye; it has even been attempted to prove that sympathetic inflammation is produced by the wandering of micro-organisms along the optic nerve and through the chiasma to the other eye ; but all this is not yet sufficiently explained, and much laborious and lon-continued work is still required. Bacteriology is at the present time a very young and incompletely developed science; it cannot yet answer all the numerous questions arising every day. The result of all this long-continued work may be that some day the etiology of human diseases and bacteriology will be found to be nearly identical sciences. Everywhere one finds microand macrozoa persecuting, vexing, and killing each other; everywhere one finds parasitism, anld, in the material sense of the word, the human race itself is nothing less than a parasite on the surface of the earth. To save his own life, to nourish his own body, the human being destroys and kills every creature-plants as well as animals-if he deems it proper for his own welfare. And he is allowed so to do by the words of the Holy Bible. This state of things in the material world corresponds exactly to what your great philosopher Hobbes calls " bellum omnium contra omnee." But in a moral and intellectual sphere this sentence is out of place, and has to be altered into " pax oinniuim inter omnes," for in the moral and intellectual sphere there exists no personal interest, no parasitism ; the individual being an integral member of the great body of mankind, and having, as such, to seek for knowledge of the works of our Creator, and consequently to admire and to love Him.


Stress-rupture curves are reported for material containing alumina additions made from billets sintered at 2280 deg F. Although different blending techniques were used, only the material prepared in the Waring Blender showed slight improvement in life when comparison was made with the material without matrix hardener. When the billet sintering temperature was reduced to 2000 deg F marked improvement in life was noted with most materials, particularly at low stresses and long times. One of the most promising materials was 80-20 Cr--Ni alloy containing 17.5% by volume of "Linde-B" alumina. At 1500 deg F the life at a stress of 10,000 psi was 88.75 hr, compared with 0.6 hr shown by material with no additions. No curve for the material without additions has as yet been established at 1800 deg F, but the results from an 80-20 Cr--Ni alloy containing 17.5% by volume of TiC show considerable promise. (auth)


In the title compound, C13H10ClN3, the benzimidazole and chloropyridyl groups are planar and make a dihedral angle of 68.01 (18)°. There are two weak C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, producing sheets parallel to (100).


Artificial physiognomy formed by engineering measures had characters of completely bare surface and being disturbed by human activity obviously. On the bases of simulated rainfall, the rule of soil erosion, sediment and runoff yield, and influence factors of artificial physiognomy formed in construction period of railway and natural ground,were researched. The results showed that rainfall duration had a close relation to accumulated runoff, accumulated sediment yield, rate of sediment yield; at the same time, vegetative coverage,density of soil, and pre moisture in soil are main factors affecting yield sediment and runoff.


The induced moment in antiferromagnetic (AFM)\char21{}ferromagnetic (FM) $({\mathrm{FeF}}_{2}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Fe}$ and ${\mathrm{MnF}}_{2}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Fe})$ bilayers has been studied from the shift along the magnetization axis of the exchange-biased hysteresis loops. The magnetization shift depends strongly on the cooling field and microstructure of the AFM layer. The shift for small cooling fields can be opposite to the cooling field, indicating that, in some cases, the presence of the FM layer induces an antiferromagnetic coupling at the interface. Samples with negative magnetization shifts (antiferromagnetic coupling) exhibit large changes in exchange bias ${H}_{E}$ as a function of cooling field and positive exchange bias. Samples with positive magnetization shifts (ferromagnetic coupling) show almost no change in ${H}_{E}$ with cooling field and the exchange bias field remains always negative. These results confirm the theoretical assumption that an antiferromagnetic interface coupling is necessary to observe positive exchange bias.


In this Study, a comprehensive evaluation method based on the fuzzy Kano model and TOPSIS is proposed based on the combination of local cultural elements as the carrier and the Design of campus artistic creation products. According to the diversity of local cultural factors, the multi-dimensional needs of users are investigated in-depth, and the Kano model is applied to analyze the questionnaire data according to the users' needs to extract the local cultural charm factor. The TOPSIS method is used to rank the charisma factors in order of importance, to narrow down the scope of the Study and find out the optimal design elements that combine campus cultural and creative products with local cultural elements. From the perspective of user needs, the Study provides a new theoretical reference and research ideas for future marketing of the above-mentioned original product design methods.


Essential oils from Myrceugenia euosma, M. foveolata, M. pilotantha, M. myrtoides and M. oxysepala, collected in Southern Brazil, were analysed by GC and GC–MS. Seventy compounds were identified, representing 86–99% of the oil content of the investigated species. The oils from M. foveolata, M. pilotantha and M. myrtoides were characterized by cyclic sesquiterpenes (67–90%), mainly those from the germacrene cyclization pathway. M. foveolata showed a predominance of globulol (21.3%) and epi-globulol (17.8%), while in the oils from M. pilotantha and M. myrtoides, spathulenol (18.7% and 23.8%, respectively) was the most representative. The oil from M. oxysepala and M. euosma were found to be quite distinct from the other species. The oil of M. eousma showed a predominance of nerolidol (46.7%) and epi-globulol (33.4%), and that of M. oxysepala was made up mainly by oxygenated compounds (80.4%), being 29% terpenes and 51.4% aliphatic compounds, such as aldehydes (nonadecanal, 20.6%; dodecanal, 6.8%); methyl-ketones (2-tridecanone, 5.0%) and alcohols (n-undecanol, 4.5%). Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Social, technical and managerial information of 2004 was analyzed to detect critical nodes (CN) of management processes in dual purpose cattle production System located at Machiques de Perija municipality, Zulia State, Venezuela. A sample of 64 farms (34% of population) was selected by a stratified random sampling with proportional affixation. A validated questionnaire was used in order to collect data; such information was codified into a data matrix. Frequency distribution and Ishikawa diagram to detected CN were accomplished. Results allow the structural characterization of the management process of these systems in the functions of: planning, organization, execution and control. The most important CN were found in planning and control functions, such processes were, qualify as little satisfactory. Basically CN were concentrated on improvisation, short-term vision, with goals and objectives referred only to production. Records used show contradictions with little reliable and non systematized process, it is evident a relationship between short-term of goals and short-term of evaluation. Organization and execution function were qualified as medium satisfactory, in spite of some deficiencies were presented, they showed adapted characteristics to these cattle systems, which had permitted them to survive in the area, it is specifically referred to a traditional organization structure with little levels of tutoring, deficient policies of workers handling, an informal communication process, and an adapted leadership style (autocratic or participative) related to the type of activity they are performed.


This paper advocates the adoption of a marketing orientation by psychotherapists in private practice. Recent trends in health care delivery suggest practicing psychotherapists should move from a production oriented service delivery approach in order to remain competitive. An empirical approach is emphasized, and the four P's of marketing as they relate to service delivery are discussed.


Family caregivers carry heavy end‐of‐life (EOL) caregiving burdens, with their physical and psychological well‐being threatened from caregiving to bereavement. However, caregiving burden has rarely been examined as a risk factor for bereavement adjustment to disentangle the wear‐and‐tear vs relief models of bereavement.


Energy access is a key need for socio-economic growth. Proven to be a key enabler of development and progress, access to electricity has been prioritized by governments using grid extension actions and off-grid solutions, namely microgrids and home systems technologies, fed by renewable sources. However, achieving universal access to energy remains a huge challenge given the lack of resources and the large population currently unserved. The lack of adequate socio-economic data at granular scale and of a good understanding of demand uptake led by economic growth is a barrier for efficient energy planning. Access to conjoint demand and socio-economic data at local level is crucial, yet hard to obtain: often such data are unavailable or very difficult to collect, and current data platforms often lack the ability to conjointly store variegated socio-economic and time series data. For these reasons, in this paper, we present a comprehensive methodology that, based on an extensive literature review, draws guidelines for developing data-sharing platforms in energy access, develops a proposed architecture to support the data collection of conjoint socio-economic and time-series data, and proposes a prototype of the final application. The methodology leverages on a novel extensive literature review to identify the major determinants of demand uptake and the corresponding consuming entities: villages, households, and appliances. The proposed architecture is able to capture numeric, categorical, and time series information for all consuming entities, based on state-of-the-art NoSQL databases. Finally, a prototype implementation with a web-based interface developed with Angular and Spring is proposed and discussed.


Activation involves binding of the intact CC or CX bond to the metal followed by CC or CX bond cleavage. Both aspects are considered here. The activation of CC bonds is facilitated by an enforced close approach of the CC bond to the metal or by the presence of a strong driving force such as a strained ring starting material or aromatization during the reaction. The reactivity order is: sp–sp > sp2–sp2 > sp3–sp3. The activation of CX bonds occurs by a number of mechanistic pathways depending on the system. Halocarbon complexes of type RXM are often intermediates and can be isolated in favorable cases.

Keywords:

alkyl;
halocarbon;
strain;
chelation;
catalysis


Rosin was used as film coating materials for producting slow-release urea particles.The film surface of coated urea particles was detected by scanning electronic microscopy(SEM).The release characteristics of coated urea were determined by means of water marinating.The effects of coating proportion and operation technics on the release characteristics of coated urea were discussed in this paper.The experimental results showed that rosin was a fine coating materials,the coated urea particles can improved greatly the release capability when the coating proportion was more than 5%.The more coating proportion was,the better effect of controlled release was.


BACKGROUND
A major challenge to sustainable agricultural pest control is the rapid evolution of insecticide resistance. This is caused by mechanisms that reduce insecticide efficacy. Understanding the genetic mechanisms of resistance is essential for DNA based monitoring of resistance in field populations. One such insecticide is indoxacarb, an important selective control option for Helicoverpa armigera in a range of crops including grain, horticulture, and cotton. Recently, a strain of H. armigera (GY7-39) resistant to indoxacarb (198 fold) was isolated from field collected moth.

RESULTS
To identify the indoxacarb resistance locus, GY7-39 was backcrossed for 6 generations to susceptible strain New GR. In each generation, only resistant males were used to cross back to New GR. Genotype-by-sequencing (GBS) was carried out on 95 H. armigera samples. In total 13203 tags with 8697 unique locations on the H. armigera genome were obtained. The indoxacarb resistance locus in strain GY7-39 was mapped to a 2.5Mbp region on chromosome 16. In this region, two close linked loci (IndoR1 and IndoR2) were found to be associated with indoxacarb resistant GY7-39.

CONCLUSIONS
We mapped indoxacarb resistance in GY7-39 to two closely linked loci IndoR1 and IndoR2 in a narrowed 2.6Mb region of H. armigera chromosome 16. The results provide essential background data for future genetic investigations including fine mapping of the indoxacarb resistance gene and the eventual development of an effective DNA based diagnostic to support resistance management. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Interference with aircraft navigation and communication (NAV/COM) systems caused by spurious radiation of airborne electronic equipment can be avoided by the detection of threatening field levels in the cabin. This paper investigates the performance of leaky-line and long-wire antennas for interference detection purposes. Analysis is made on measurements performed in an Open Area Test Site, a Reverberation Chamber, and in research aircraft. The coupling to the interference detection antennas is compared to the coupling to NAV/COM systems in aircraft.


Introduction: This paper presents a novel Ear Canal Pressure Sensor (ECPS) for objective detection of food intake, chew counting, and food image capture in both controlled and free-living conditions. The contribution of this study is threefold: 1) Development and validation of a novel wearable sensor that uses changes in ear canal pressure and the device's acceleration as an indicator of food intake, 2) A method to identify chewing segments and count the number of chews in each eating episode, and 3) Facilitation of egocentric image capture only during eating by triggering camera from sensor detection thus reducing power consumption, privacy concerns, as well as storage and computational cost.Methods: To validate the device, data were collected from 10 volunteers in a controlled environment and three volunteers in a free-living environment. During the controlled activities, each participant wore the device for approximately 1 h, and during the free living for approximately 12 h. The food intake of the participants was not restricted in any way in both part of the experiment. Subject-independent Support Vector Machine classifiers were trained to identify periods of food intake from the features of both the pressure sensor and accelerometer, and features only from the pressure sensor.Results: Results from leave-one-out cross-validation showed an average 5 sec-epoch classification F-score of 87.6% using only pressure sensor features and 88.6% using features from both pressure sensor and accelerometer in the controlled environment. For the free-living environment, both classifiers accurately detected all eating episodes. The wearable sensor achieves 95.5% accuracy in counting the number of chews with respect to manual annotation from the videos of the eating episodes using a pressure sensor classifier in the controlled environment.Discussion: The manual review of the images found that only 3.7% of captured images belonged to the detected eating episodes, suggesting that sensor-triggered camera capture may facilitate reducing the number of captured images and power consumption of the sensor.


In this work the strategy of the artificial intelligence (neural networks) is used to detect and localize the defects of the double stator asynchronous machine. In fact, several neural networks have been applied to the detection of defects. Then, we used a selector which allows activating only one network at a time. In this case, the selected network detects only defects corresponding to the torque developed by asynchronous machine. Finally, the simulation results were presented to show the effectiveness of artificial neural networks for automatic fault diagnosis.