An AM1 theoretical study was made on the electronic nature of radical anions of halobenzenes, 2-halopyridines, halobenzonitriles, ortho-, para-, meta-haloacetophenones and related compounds (X = Cl, Br and I). The experimentally determined fragmentation rate of these intermediates is discussed in terms of the possibility of the existence of π* and σ* orbital isomeric radical anions, their energy difference and the probability of an intramolecular electron-transfer reaction from the π* to the σ* system. Good correlation was obtained between the properties determined theoretically and the experimental fragmentation rates for the family of halobenzonitrile and haloacetophenone compounds.Inspection of the potential surface for the intramolecular electron-transfer reaction between both isomers indicates that the carbon–halogen bond elongation and bending angle are the main reaction coordinates for the electron-transfer step which results from an avoided crossing of potential energy surfaces (non-vanishing Hσπ integral).


This relevance-based account of commitment borrows from studies on epistemic vigilance and focuses on the hearer's perspective. It suggests that commitment determines the strength of the contextual assumptions derived from utterance interpretation. In this contribution, I distinguish four kinds of commitment: speaker commitment, communicated commitment, attributed commitment and hearer commitment. The last two kinds of commitment are influenced by three main factors which will be considered in turn: linguistic markers, the hearer's appraisal of the speaker and the salience of the communicated assumption in his cognitive environment. These claims translate into four experimentally testable predictions. This proposal echoes the current debate concerned with epistemic evaluation of information and aims to account for individuals' commitment in terms of the relative strength of stored assumptions in their cognitive environment.


Simultaneously transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surface (STAR-RIS) assisted non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) communication systems are investigated in its vicinity, where a STAR-RIS is deployed within a predefined region for establishing communication links for users. Both beamformer-based NOMA and cluster-based NOMA schemes are employed at the multi-antenna base station (BS). For each scheme, the STAR-RIS deployment location, the passive transmitting and reflecting beamforming (BF) of the STAR-RIS, and the active BF at the BS are jointly optimized for maximizing the weighted sum-rate (WSR) of users. To solve the resultant non-convex problems, an alternating optimization (AO) algorithm is proposed, where successive convex approximation (SCA) and semi-definite programming (SDP) methods are invoked for iteratively addressing the non-convexity of each sub-problem. Numerical results reveal that 1) the WSR performance can be significantly enhanced by optimizing the specific deployment location of the STAR-RIS; 2) both beamformer-based and cluster-based NOMA prefer asymmetric STAR-RIS deployment.


The latest FCC ruling has enforced database-driven cognitive radio networks (CRNs), in which all secondary users (SUs) can query a database to obtain Spectrum Availability Information (SAI). Database-driven CRNs are regarded as a promising approach for dynamic and highly efficient spectrum management paradigm for large-scale Internet of the Things (IoTs). However, as a typical location-based service (LBS), before providing services to the user, there is no verification of the queried location, which is very vulnerable to Location Spoofing Attack. A malicious user can report a fake location to the database and access the channels that may not be available for its location. This will introduce serious interference to the PUs. In this study, we identify a new kind of attack coined as location cheating attack, which allows an attacker to spoof other users to another location and make them query the database with wrong location, or allows a malicious user to forge location arbitrarily and query the database for services. To thwart this attack, we propose a novel infrastructure-based approach that relies on the existing Wi-Fi or Cellular network Access Points (or AP) to provide privacy-preserving location proof. With the proposed solution, the database can verify the locations without knowing the user's accurate location. We perform comprehensive experiments to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach. Experimental results show that our approach, besides providing location proofs effectively, can significantly improve the user's location privacy. Keywords—Location cheating attack, location proof verification, database-driven CRNs.


The authors have investigated the crack growth characteristics at a round fillet weld toe and proposed a critical crack configuration to be used in the fatigue design stage. Employing a new parameter C(r), given by the necessary number of cycles before the critical configuration and the local stress distribution, several series of fatigue tests were re-analysed. An it was shown that these series of tests had common C(r) value only where the distance from weld toe is within about 5 mm. It is concluded that the local stress at a 5 mm distance away from the weld toe would be appropriate as the reference stress when designing structural components with similar round fillet welds.


The mitochondrial inner membrane anion channel (IMAC) carries a wide variety of anions and is postulated to be involved in mitochondrial volume homeostasis in conjunction with the K+/H+ antiporter, thus allowing the respiratory chain proton pumps to drive salt efflux. How it is regulated is uncertain; however, it is inhibited by matrix Mg2+ and matrix protons. Previously determined values for the IC50 suggested that the channel would be closed under physiological conditions. In a previous study (Liu, G., Hinch, B., Davatol-Hag, H., Lu, Y., Powers, M., and Beavis, A. D. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 19717–19723), it was demonstrated that the channel is highly temperature-dependent, and that a large component of this sensitivity resulted from an effect on the pIC50 for protons. We have now investigated the effect of temperature on the inhibition by Mg2+ and have found that it too is temperature-dependent. When the temperature is raised from 20 °C to 45 °C, the IC50 increases from 22 to 350 μm at pH 7.4 and from 80 to 1.5 mm at pH 8.4, respectively. The Arrhenius plot for the IC50 is linear with a slope = –80 kJ/mol. The IC50 is also strongly pH-dependent, and at 37 °C increases from 90 μm at pH 7.4 to 1230 μm at pH 8.4. In view of the extremely rapid fluxes that IMAC is capable of conducting at 37 °C, we conclude that inhibition by matrix Mg2+ and protons is necessary to limit its activity under physiological conditions. We conclude that the primary role of Mg2+ is to ensure IMAC is poised to allow regulation by small changes in pH in the physiological range. This control is mediated by a direct effect of H+ on the activity, in addition to an indirect effect mediated by a change in the Mg2+ IC50. The question that remains is not whether IMAC can be active at physiological concentrations of Mg2+ and H+, but what other factors might increase its sensitivity to changes in mitochondrial volume.


There are many problems that confront English as a Second Language (ESL) learners in academic writing in some Southern African Development Community (SADC) universities. Some observers and commentators have noted that most graduates from Historically Black Universities (HBUs) exhibit poor performance in English when compared to neighbouring countries like Lesotho and Swaziland. One of these problems is the low proficiency which manifests itself in numerous syntactic errors and inappropriate lexical selection in their use of the target language. The forms or varieties are simply mistakes or errors which can be eradicated by teaching. The learners need to learn and understand the structure and nature of the English language. The deviations and innovations arise owing to a number of processes which are sketched out in the paper. This article also argues that the problem stems from the fact that the burden has been placed on departments of English which seem not to want to abandon the literary tradition. It presents some of the problems that African learners of English in HBUs seem to exhibit in academic writing when they enter university education. It discusses what is done and what needs to be done for first-year students when they enter university in HBUs. In HBUs English language programmes are not mandatory or do not exist, as is the case with most SADC universities and some Historically White Universities (HWUs). The conclusion suggests that it becomes necessary to mount similar English language programmes at first year level in institutions which do not have these programmes. It is hoped that this would improve learners' language proficiency and hopefully competence as well as the way students acquire their education. Keywords: Students; academic writing; universities, SADC


Hearing protection devices (HPD) are widely used to protect workers exposed to dangerous levels of noise. Their effective attenuation can nowadays be routinely assessed using Field Attenuation Estimation Systems (FAES), colloquially referred to as fit-test systems. FAES typically rely on the Personal Attenuation Rating (PAR x% ), a single number factoring in the attenuation obtained at the seven octave band frequencies from 125 to 8000 Hz, and accounting for the spectrum uncertainty component resulting from the different attenuation profiles of HPDs across these frequencies. In the current study, this spectrum uncertainty has been computed, for many types of HPDs, from various published laboratory datasets, including the NIOSH Hearing Protector Device Compendium. The study includes a detailed spectrum uncertainty budget for the various categories of earplugs (roll-down foam, premolded, formable, push-to-fit, custom molded, etc.), semi-inserts and earmuffs. These values have been expressed at the 95 th percentile for a direct use in the upcoming ANSI S12.71 standard on FAES.


The efficiency of ultraviolet (UV) disinfection and the regrowth potential of total coliforms were investigated in humic waters. Experiments were conducted according to an experimental design in which a UV radiation dose range of 68–681 mW s/cm2 was applied to waters containing various concentrations (0–10 mg/L) of fulvic acid. Experimental results strongly suggested that the harmful effect of UV radiation on bacteria was diminished in humic waters due to absorption of UV light. Increasing concentrations of fulvic acid appeared to enhance its influence with elevated doses of UV radiation. Measured inactivation responses were on the order of 1–6 log10 units for the UV dose range used. Comparison of k (inactivation coefficient) values for nonhumic water to highly humic water indicated that k decreased proportionally as the fulvic acid concentration of water was increased. The results of dark‐incubation tests indicated significant regrowth of bacteria in fulvic acid‐containing waters.


Students and young adults need to learn about themselves, to have a sense of the world of work, and to set tentative well-informed life and work goals. How can principals and parents help them?


Purpose
In recent years, in parallel with the increasing air traffic and the number of passengers in air transport, the number of people exposed to aircraft-induced noise has increased significantly. Especially people living in the areas close to the airports are affected by noise emission during the landing, take-off, taxi and ground operations. Negative effects of noise such as sleep disturbance, lack of concentration, anxiety and high blood pressure cardiac diseases were determined directly or indirectly for human health. For this reason, examining the noise effect caused by aircraft and determining the necessary measures to be taken is very important for the sustainable development of aviation. In the International Eskisehir Hasan Polatkan Airport (LTBY), this paper aims to calculate a noise mapping following international standards in line with the directives of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). Also, Annex 8, "Airworthiness of Aircrafts" and Annex 16, "Environmental Protection Volume 1 Aircraft Noise", which were taken at the International Civil Aviation Convention, were proposed to determine the exposure caused by aircraft noise.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, noise levels for the day (07.00–19.00), evening (19.00–23.00) and night (23.00–07.00) period around LTBY were predicted and calculated by the use of the IMMI software according to the "ECAC Doc. 29-Interim" method for the prediction and computation of the aircraft noise.

Findings
According to the calculated/mapped values, in the 24 hours (Lden), the noise level is 65 dB (A) and above. In the day time zone, the noise level is 63 dB (A) and above. When the calculations for the evening time zone are examined, the noise level is above 58 dB (A). When the calculations for the night time frame are examined, it is calculated that there is no dwelling that is affected by the noise level above 53 dB (A).

Practical implications
Along with future improvements, it is recommended to be applied to other civil airports.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors' knowledge, there is no previous research in the literature on aircraft noise mapping of LTBY. Also, unlike the software commonly used in other works in the literature, IMMI software was used in this study. Such investigations should be carried out in other civil airports in the coming years to struggle with noise emissions and noise control. If noise boundary values are exceeded, action plans should be developed for a sustainable aviation concept. Along with future improvements, it is recommended to be applied to other civil airports.


This article offers a brief overview of the causes and manifestations of performance anxiety and suggests methods for professors to combat it in the studio setting. The topics of mentoring, physical and mental relaxation, dietary health, and imaging are explored. Primary source material is referred to throughout the article, so readers can easily continue their study of the issue.


The invention relates to an application of dextromethorphan in treating blepharospasm or meige syndrome. Experiments indicate that after a patient with blepharospasm or meige syndrome is treated by dextromethorphan, the subjective symptom of the patient can be remarkably relieved, BFM is reduced by 70 percent, JRS is reduced by 3.7, the duration of curative effect is long, the curative effect is remarkable, and drug resistance is not generated.


K-Means has been paid attention to many areas recently, however, it is easy to fall into local optimum and the outliers influence the final results. This paper proposes an improved method for k-means clustering. Different from the traditional k-means algorithms, in our algorithm both intracluster compactness and intercluster separation are considered in our new presented method. A new model is established for hard cluster assignments of k-means clustering. Our new method transforms the problem of clustering to an integer programming problem and genetic algorithm is introduced to update cluster assignments iteratively. Experiment results on UCI data sets have showed the potential performance improvement of our method.


This final work will result in a handbook of organizational communication for nonprofit organizations. First of all, the paper is covering the different concepts of communication, from the perspective of Paulo Freire in his Dialogic Action Theory; and Jurgen Habermas in his Theory of Communicative Action. Furthermore, it comprehends the different theories of communication and development. These theoretical concepts allow establishing it from an integral perspective.
To get a better understanding of the connection between communication and organizations, the paper is covering several approaches of organizational communication theories. Additionally, there are different definitions of organizations, especially about non-profit organizations (NGOs), and they will, in this paper, be comprehended in the Ecuadorian context. Based on this, the main characteristic of the organization Foundation VASE (Voluntariado para la ayuda social del Ecuador) has been used as a case of study.
The main objective of this work is to create a handbook of organizational communication for VASE with illustrative content based on the results of the diagnosis that is described in this paper. The handbook will provide an alternative solution in order to set up communication as a fundamental process in organizations, which in this particular case is applied to Foundation VASE.


The research which is based on teachers of three universities of Leshan founds:As far as their own environment is considered teachers are fully sure of their own teaching ability and have intense learning needs ;teachers' interpersonal relationships are basicly harmony;a little part of teachers relatively are short of study time.In the external environment organizational system needs to be perfected.The chief results are showed as follows:the science degree of reward and punish-ment systems is inadequate and it can not fully play its important role;the science nature of teaching evaluation is not strong and needs to be promoted;teaching of teachers has the instability phenomenon;the services of logistical support system need to be improved;training system of teachers is still not perfect.Thus,to promote the growth of teachers the environmental construction of them needs to be improved,especially the external environment.


Nitrogen (N) commonly limits terrestrial plant growth partly because most soil-N is present as macromolecular organic compounds and not directly available to plants. Soil microbes degrade these large N-containing substrates to gradually release plant-available inorganic-N throughout the growing season, potentially meeting plant demand. Knowing which microbes are responsible for release of organic N, as well as their spatiotemporal patterns of activity, can enable microbial management strategies that increase plant access to soil-N and reduce dependency on fertilizer-N. We used time-resolved metatranscriptomes to follow taxonomy-resolved differential expression of N-depolymerizing enzymes. Taxonomic groups show adaptations based on extracellular proteases to specialized habitats in soil characterized by presence (Betaproteobacteria) or absence (Thaumarcheota) of live roots and root detritus (Deltaproteobacteria and Fungi). A similar increase of eukaryotic chitinases near root detritus hints at predation of fungi. Others demonstrate temporal patterns such as increasing expression over time, implying increased competitiveness with substrate depletion (Chloroflexi). Phylotypes from the same genus can have different potential benefits to the plant based on protease expression (e.g., Janthinobacterium), which should be considered when designing bioaugmentation. We identify one Janthinobacterium phylotype and two Burkholderiales that may be candidates for bioaugmentation near young roots and a Rhizobacter which could benefit mature roots.


A typical wireless network exhibits time-varying channel conditions and complex interference relationships, which are also influenced by different vendor implementations. Therefore, to improve the mapping between wireless simulation and real life, site and device specific models are needed. In this paper, we propose such interference models, called BOWLsim-advanced, based on measurements in two WiFi testbeds. We validate BOWLsim-advanced in complex interference scenarios comprising of hidden terminals, multi-hop flows, and inter-flow interference and show that it has better accuracy compared to both our earlier work and the default interference model of ns-3 (Network Simulator 3). However, the maximum improvement is observed for hidden terminals at the PHY layer, and for multi-hop flows and unicast communication, performance varies based on whether nodes are able to carrier-sense each other or have asymmetric interference. Essentially, our results show that PHY-layer models become insufficient for asymmetric interference, which requires better MAC layer models for higher accuracy.


This experiment was conducted to study on general physiological changes, animal welfare behavior and productivity of Whole Cotton Seed (WCS) substitute in diets for Pon-Yang-Kham fattening beef cattle production. All cattle were uniform in body condition score in each group and were raised under the management of small holders in Pon-Yang-Kham co-operative, Sakon-Nakhon. Sixteen cattle were allocated in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 4 diets. Diet 1 was WCS substitute 0 percentage, diet 2 was 5 percentages of WCS, diet 3 was 10 percentages of WCS and diet 4 was 15 percentages of WCS. The environment effects and blood samples were collected and analyzed for examining the cortisol concentration level by RIA technique. General physiological, hematological changes, animal welfare behavior and productive performance were recorded for the entire period of experiment. The result showed that Temperature Humidity Index (THI) effected on the increasing of general physiological changes, Heat Tolerance Co-efficient (HTC), sweating rate, hematology, cortisol concentration and activities of anima l welfare behavior with highly significant differences (p<0.01). The statistical analysis showed that the productive performance, carcass quality and beef marbling of carcass of the fattening Charolais crossbred cattle were significant differences (p<0.05).


the article deals with the main causes of accidents of buildings and structures that occurred due to errors made at different stages of their life cycle (design, construction, operation). A brief analysis of the accidents that occurred from 2010 to 2017 in the Russian Federation is presented. The study of the causes of accidents makes it possible to understand better the laws of structures, buildings and structures, to identify errors that lead to emergencies. Such errors include: low quality of construction and installation works, deviation from the project in the construction of buildings and structures, the use of materials of inadequate quality, overload of load-bearing structures during operation. Also, the causes of accidents include defective engineering-geological and hydrogeological studies of the grounds. Analysis of accidents showed that the last few years there is no tendency to reduce the number of accidents of buildings and structures, which indicates an insufficient number of measures to prevent them. In the article the authors consider the examples of accidents in construction, which occurred due to the main reasons, and ways to prevent accidents in the future.


PURPOSE: Provided is a microbial material which improves soil, keeps soil fertility and promotes plant growth by using soil microbes containing trace element-supplying regulator, plant growth regulator and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. CONSTITUTION: The mineral material, biofertilizer, contains beneficial soil microbes such as Lactobacillus sp. EN-SA01 with the solubility to phosphate, Saccharomyces sp. bio-active materials supplying EN-SA02, Actinomyces sp. EN-SAO3 producing antibiotic materials, Rhodobacter sp. EN-SAPH preventing bacteria growth and promoting plant growth, and Bacillus sp. EN-SA05. The microbial material is prepared by culturing the above microbes in a medium containing organic nitrogen and carbon sources, mixing with rice hull, and drying until the number of cells gets to 10¬9-10¬10CFG/g.


The aim of this study was to explore the acceptance factors of IPTV healthcare users as convergence service through experts's opinion. First, this study extracted expected indicators for the acceptance factors from brainstorming and literature review. Based on the expected indicators, the Delphi method was performed in order to explore the suitable acceptance factors. The reliability of collected data was evaluated through the criteria of CV(Coefficient of Variation) and CVR(Contents Validity Ratio) on the selected indicators. The results showed a significant acceptance factors timeliness, the following appeared as entertainment, fun and self-efficacy and more. In the future, such additional step as factor analysis targeting the user to verify the validity of the selected factors is required.


To investigate the differential expression patterns of genes related to adipose deposition between Landrace(a leaner,Western breed) and Meishan pigs(a fatty,indigenous,Chinese breed).The expression changes of stearoyl-CoA desaturease(SCD),cytoplasmic malic enzyme(ME1)and uncoupling protein 3(UCP3)genes were measured in two pig breeds at five growth stages(30,60,90,120 and 150 days) by using qRT-PCR approach.The results showed that the similar expression pattern of SCD mRNA was observed except from 90 to 120 days between the two pig breeds.Expression change of ME1 mRNA was similar between two pig breeds from 30 to 120 days,but the opposite expression pattern was exhibited during 120 to 150 days.Expression changes of UCP3 mRNA in two pig breeds were opposite except from 120 to 150 days.These results suggested that the mRNA level of SCD,ME1 and UCP3 genes in backfat tissue are different in postnatal developmental stages between Landrace and Meishan pigs,which provided some data for further study on the three genes for elucidating the molecular mechanism of fat deposition.


DAVID CELLA , BENJAMIN D. SCHALET, MICHAEL KALLEN, JIN-SHEI LAI, KARON F. COOK, JOSHUA RUTSOHN & SEUNG W. CHOI DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL SOCIAL SCIENCES FEINBERG SCHOOL OF MEDICINE NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY This research was supported by an NIH/National Cancer Institute grant PROSETTA STONE (1RC4CA157236-01, PI: David Cella). Authors acknowledge careful reviews, comments, and suggestions from Drs. Robert Brennan, Lawrence Hedges, Won-Chan Lee, and Nan Rothrock.


The magnetic structures of a $({\mathrm{F}\mathrm{e}/\mathrm{G}\mathrm{d})}_{15}$ multilayer are determined by resonant x-ray magnetic scattering using circular polarized light of energies tuned close to the Gd L and the Fe K absorption edges. Difference superlattice Bragg peaks observed by flipping the photon helicity show that the magnetic moments of the Gd layers are directed antiparallel to the in-plane applied field at temperatures higher than 180 K, and are twisted below. The local Gd magnetizations in each 5.4-nm-thick layer are highly nonuniform in both magnitude and twist angle in the out-of-plane direction: the interface sublayers nearly fully magnetize at room and low temperatures under the influence of the adjacent Fe magnetizations, whereas the central sublayers show measurable spontaneous magnetizations at 200 K and below. An application of the $1\ensuremath{-}{(T/T}_{c})$ law shows a reduced Curie temperature ${(T}_{c}=214\mathrm{K})$ compared with bulk Gd for the central sublayers, while ${T}_{c}=1023\mathrm{K}$ for the interface sublayers. The interface and central sublayers exhibit distinct twist behaviors as a function of temperature below the compensation temperature, indicating the short-range nature of the Fe-Gd interaction. The element-specific resonant x-ray scattering confirmed the antiferromagnetic arrangement of the Gd and Fe moments at room temperature.


The descriptions of performance budgeting, based on theory and practice, allow for the application of Dante's allegory in The Divine Comedy. This allegory places performance budgeting into the spiritual domains of heaven, hell, and purgatory. These domains are used to frame the theoretical foundations of performance budgeting and to discuss a match with operational reality. Performance budgeting practices often fall between heaven, the optimal use of public revenues, and hell, the worst use of public revenues. It can be argued that most performance budgeting efforts tend to congregate in purgatory. Realizing purgatory allows for the recognition of principles that form the basis for performance budgeting to be classified as institutional myth. As institutional myth, the practice of performance budgeting is blocked from theoretical idealism.


Abstract Evaluation was of these immunological procedures for the quantification of the bovine serum albumin and β -lactoglobulin content of milk: Oudin's single diffusion, Mancini's radial immunodiffusion, and Laurell's electroimmunodiffusion techniques. All three methods were reproducible and did not require preliminary treatment of the milk. The bovine serum albumin content (mg/ml) of 25 different herd and bulk milk samples ranged from .17 to .32 by single immunodiffusion, .18 to .32 by radial immunodiffusion, and .16 to .31 by electroimmunodiffusion. Means were .250, .258, and .238. The concentration (mg/ml) of β -lactoglobulin for 15 milk samples ranged from 2.9 to 3.9 by single immunodiffusion, 2.8 to 4.0 by radial immunodiffusion, and 3.0 to 4.1 by electroimmunodiffusion. Means were 3.44, 3.45, and 3.50. The minimum amount of protein detected by each procedure was 7.5 μ g bovine serum albumin or 6.25 μ g β -lactoglobulin by single immunodiffusion, .75 μ g bovine serum albumin or β -lactoglobulin by radial immunodiffusion, and .025 μ g bovine serum albumin or β -lactoglobulin by electroimmunodiffusion. The electroimmunodiffusion procedure was the most rapid and sensitive method and required the least amount of reagents.


With the rapid development of the urbanization in our country, much more attention is devoted to the problem of city operation, so the city salesmanships is becoming more and more important .How to make good use of the city's public resources and apply the concerned theories to the practice of city operation, how to use the effective salesmanships tricks in the practice of the city salesmanships according to the features of city salesmanships,all these questions are analysed in this article.


Cephalopods are valuable species as they provide ecological functions and are also important commercially and scientifically. This study attempts to adequately describe the distribution of Class Cephalopoda as well as focusing on a few commercial species ranges. Data from an extensive literature search and several databases such as OBIS and AquaMaps were analyzed to show areas where information is lacking due to no research conducted in the area versus where literature research is excluded from OBIS. For the species distributions modeled in AquaMaps, an accuracy assessment was performed to show if all of the locations where the species have been found would be included within the suspected range. Recommendations for more research or greater conservation actions will also be given for each of the commercial species examined. Fisheries data on the commercial species will be compared to the distributional extents to show where better management practices might be needed.


Cybersecurity is becoming imperative as data breaches and information theft occur frequently and impact an immense number of people. The current federal regulatory scheme fails to hold corporations accountable for negligent data management and victims of these deficiencies face several obstacles to litigation. The quantity of both class actions and derivative suits, however, will increase in the near future. Large scale adoption of cybersecurity insurance will create a market solution to corporate data theft by aligning incentives for businesses to maintain a robust set of data protection mechanisms. This in turn will reduce the burden on the corporations as data breach litigation becomes proliferate, while simultaneously creating a strong data protection infrastructure and a compensation system for victims.


F ractures of porcelain-veneered-to-metal restorations may be attributed to single or multiple deficiencies. Potential causes of failure include lack of ceramic-metal adherence, thermal contraction incompatibility, design and procedural errors, malocclusion, impact stresses exceeding normal service conditions, or combinations of these factors. Specific analysis of failure by visual and physical examination can be effectively made only after obtaining a thorough history of fabrication and clinical conditions. Visual classification of fractures has been considered useful to describe the macroscopic appearance and geometry of the fracture surface with respect to the original metal surface or unaffected porcelain structure. However, identification of the precise origin and composition of the fracture surface by visual examination alone is unreliable, since it is subjective in nature. O'Brien and co-workers's 2 have suggested a system for classification of fracture surfaces on the basis of interfaces observed on fractured bond test specimens. This approach is potentially useful in classifying certain types of fractures. However, before generalizations regarding the nature of fracture surfaces are proposed, one should be concerned with the following factors: (1) correlation of fractures in bond test specimens with the types of fracture surfaces appearing on clinical porcelain-fused-to-metal crowns has not yet been established; (2) fracture paths can follow any of an infinite number of paths which may cross several interfaces in an unpredictable manner; (3) in diffu


The paper presents the method of extension of the class of applicable radiofrequency signals by means of introduction of additional polarization modulation. The expressions describing the signals with complex modulation are presented. The method of formation and emission of this type of signals is given. The models of signals with complex modulation are given.


In this paper, we present The Best Laid Plans, an interactive narrative adventure game, and the planning technologies used to generate and adapt its story in real time. The game leverages computational models of intentionality and conflict when controlling the non-player characters (NPCs) to ensure they act believably and introduce challenge into the automatically generated narratives. We evaluate the game's ability to generate NPC behaviors that human players recognize as intentional and as conflicting with their plans. We demonstrate that players recognize these phenomena significantly more than in a control with no NPC actions and not significantly different from a control in which NPC actions are defined by a human author.


With new data sets, recently completed analyses and renewed interest, there has been significant progress in addressing existing questions about quarkonia production and decay ... but also new questions and new confrontation with theory. Some highlights include the firm establishment of the η c and of the "missing" ψ ′ decays to 01 final states, improved information on the nature of the ψ(3770), and the observation of a new, puzzling charmonium-like state at 3872 MeV.


Abstract An unprecedented allyl migration from a remote position of a quinazoline moiety through a ruthenium(II) shuttle is reported. This present cascade reaction is initiated through the formation of an η3-ruthenium–allyl complex followed by C–H allylation at the ortho position of the 2-aryl moiety. Finally, hydroamination with the quinazolinone -NH group, which is formed through tautomerization of the quinazoline, furnishes the annulation product. This exceedingly fast cascade reaction is complete within 10 minutes to provide rutaecarpine analogues in a single operation.


J. Baird Callicott has thrown down the gauntlet once again in the monism‐pluralism debate in environmental ethics. In a recent article he argues that his 'communitarianism' (combined with a limited intertheoretic pluralism) is sufficient to get the advantages of pluralism advocated by his critics, while at the same time retaining the framework of moral monism. Callicott's attempt to set the record straight on the monism‐pluralism debate has once again derailed us from answering the most important question in this discussion: how do we achieve a compatibilism among ethical theories which will inform better environmental practices? But if Callicott got it wrong, then who is getting it right? Arne Naess, whose work has heretofore been excluded from the mainstream discussion of this issue, has all along understood the heart of the monism‐pluralism question. This paper updates the current state of the monism‐pluralism debate, provides an answer to Callicott's latest challenge, and advances the thesis that all ...


The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a winding on a support (15), in particular stator or rotor of an electric machine which can be stored the winding wire (3) which is coated in a coating process with an electrically insulating layer (1). According to the invention the coating process is a parylene coating process in which a parylene in vacuum by condensation from the gas phase as a polymer film (1) is applied to the winding wire (3).


A special arrangement of electrically small particles for infrared imaging application is presented. The proposed configuration is composed of split ring resonators surrounding eight tapered microstrip lines and sits on a dielectric substrate with a backed metallic layer. Simulation and numerical calculations are carried out to investigate and prove the proposed structure's power absorption ability. The structure is designed to absorb incident infrared radiation in the 8–12 μm band. Approximately 52% absorption efficiency is achieved during this study. An absorption efficiency of more than 90% is realized by utilizing an infinite array of the proposed structure.


Dr Narendra Kumar describes the impact of cataracts and uncorrected refractive error in India, and explains current thinking in addressing this


The utility model provides a guard bar horizontal pipe and stand column connecting piece and relates to a connecting pipe fitting of an assembling type guard bar, in particular to a connecting pipe fitting for assembling a guard bar stand column and a horizontal pipe. The connecting pipe fitting comprises a vertical casing pipe and a horizontal casing pipe which is arranged on at least one side face of the vertical casing pipe. A through hole is formed at the center of the vertical casing pipe, a guard bar stand column inserting groove is formed, the horizontal casing pipe is an inner-outer-double-layer hollow pipe, a guard bar horizontal pipe inserting groove is formed in the gap between an inner layer hollow pipe and an outer layer hollow pipe, and the bottom wall of the horizontal casing pipe is the side wall of the vertical casing pipe. According to the structure of the connecting pipe fitting, connecting of the horizontal pipe and the stand column is firmer, even if a fixed screw is loosened and falls off or the space distance between stand columns is changed because of external force, the horizontal pipe can still be stable and cannot fall off, and the stability and the intensity of the assembling type guard bar structure are improved.


. Multiphase flow analysis is essential for resolving subsurface flow issues in CO 2 capture and storage (CCS) systems. Predicting the distribution of CO 2 gas saturation is one example that is quite useful for evaluating multiphase flow. Multiphase flow simulation is typically performed using numerical simulations, such as the TOUGH2 simulator. Ordinary numerical simulations, on the other hand, have some limitations, such as high grid spatial resolution and significant processing costs. One option for estimating the distribution of CO 2 gas saturation is to employ deep learning with specific algorithms. A deep neural network (DNN) is a highly effective deep learning approach. A deep neural network is a network structure made up of three interconnected layers: input, hidden, and output. DNN learns from the input data about the previously constructed architecture. As input, DNN requires a significant amount of data train. The trained DNN model is then used to automatically estimate the distribution of CO 2 gas saturation. This algorithm is capable of dealing with complex data patterns, particularly gas saturation in multiphase flow issues. The reconstruction loss results revealed that the loss value lowers as the number of epochs grows. Furthermore, the model with 5 epochs and 0.001 regularization weight had the least error value 0.43. As a result, while this model is adequate for predicting the distribution of CO2 gas saturation, additional research is required to achieve more ideal outcomes.


Based on summering predecessors work, this paper analyses the destroy mechanism of oil and gas reservoirs and their actual examples through the four aspect of uplift and denudation of crust, activity of faults, movement of underground water and gas diffusion. Considers uplift and denudation of crust and activity faults to be the basically cause that oil and gas reservoirs had been distracted uplift of crust and opened faults that can fault to the surface can't destroy oil and gas reservoirs, but is can cause the secondary distribution of oil and gas. Reduce the scale of original oil and gas reservoirs. The destroy of movement of underground water to oil and gas reservoirs is decided by upiilt and denudation of crust and activity of faults. It can directly destroy oil and gas reservoirs by washing- It can also destroy oil and gas reservoirs by promoting oxidation and bacteria degradation. Gas diffusion makes reserves of gas reservoirs decrease and exhaustion.


Technology plays a prominent role in intensive care units (ICU), with a variety of sensors monitoring both patients and devices. A serious problem exists, however, that can reduce the sensors' effectiveness. When important values exceed or fall below a certain threshold or sensors lose their signal, up to 350 alarms per patient a day are issued. These frequent alarms are audible in several locations on the ICU, resulting in a massive cognitive load for ICU nurses, as they must evaluate and acknowledge each alarm. "Alarm fatigue" sets in, a desensitization and delayed response time for alarms that can have severe consequences for patients and nurses. To counteract the acoustic load on ICUs, we designed and evaluated personal multimodal alarms for a wearable alarm system (WAS). The result was a lower response time and higher ratings on suitability and feasibility, as well as a lower annoyance level, compared to acoustic alarms. We find that multimodal alarms are a promising new approach to alert ICU nurses, reduce cognitive load, and avoid alarm fatigue.


Ultrapure chromium chloride was quantitatively recovered from industrial wastes by solvent extraction using 30% TBP – pure kerosene, a pilot plant flow sheet was proposed on basis of this work, FTIR- analysis for the washed loaded organic extractant prevailed that chromium chloride –TBP complex was formed during mixing of the two immiscible liquids.


It is disclosed with respect to a high frequency voltage controlled oscillator. The disclosed oscillator has a differential oscillation according to the two FET transistor; And the current source by a bipolar transistor of a current flow in the vertical or horizontal direction relative to the substrate, comprises a. Since the current in a bipolar transistor emitter (emitter), the current in the longitudinal direction or transverse to the base (base) as a dwelling collector (collector) to flow in 1 / f noise is significantly smaller. The present invention reduces the 1 / f noise generated in the current source of the RF CMOS VCO by applying such a BJT as the current source, thereby ultimately improving the phase noise of the VCO.


The public apology to the Forgotten Australians in late 2009 was, for many, the culmination of a long campaign for recognition and justice. The groundswell for this apology was built through a series of submissions which documented the systemic institutionalised abuse and neglect experienced by the Forgotten Australians that has resulted, for some, in life-long disadvantage and marginalisation.

Interestingly it seems that rather than the official documents being the catalyst for change and prompting this public apology, it was more often the personal stories of the Forgotten Australians that resonated and over time drew out quite a torrent of support from the public leading up to, during and after the public apology, just as had been the case with the 'Stolen Generation.'

Research suggests (cite) that the ethics of such national apologies only make sense if their personal stories are seen as a collective responsibility of society, and only carry weight if we understand and seek to Nationally address the trauma experienced by such victims.

In the case of the Forgotten Australians, the National Library of Australia's Forgotten Australians and Former Child Migrants Oral History Project and the National Museum's Inside project demonstrate commitment to the digitisation of the Forgotten Australians' stories in order to promote a better public understanding of their experiences, and institutionally (and therefore formally) value them with renewed social importance.

Our project builds on this work not by making or collecting more stories, but by examining the role of the internet and digital technologies used in the production and dissemination of individuals' stories that have already been created during the period of time between the tabling of the senate inquiry, Children in Institutional Care (1999 or 2003?) and a formal National apology being delivered in Federal Parliament by PM Kevin Rudd (9 Nov, 2009?). This timeframe also represents the emergent first decade of Internet use by Australians, including the rapid easily accessible digital technologies and social media tools that were at our disposal, along with the promises the technology claimed to offer — that is that more people would benefit from the social connections these technologies allegedly were giving us.


Fifty-six clinical isolates of herpes simplex virus (HSV) from female genital tracts were examined in vitro for acyclovir (ACV) sensitivity using a plaque reduction assay. The ID50 values of ACV for HSV-1 ranged from 0.59 to 8.46ƒEM, with a mean ID50 of 2.92 (•}1.85)ƒEM, and for HSV-2, ID50 values ranged from 3.80 to 12.05 ,uM, with a mean of 6.24 (•}1.90)ƒEM. While mutants of HSV with altered specificity of thymidine kinase (TKa) were found in HSV-2 (33.3%) more frequently than in HSV-1 (4.8%), no virus with markedly diminished sensitivity to ACV was found in either types. ID50 values of Japanese isolates tended to be lower than those of U.S.A.. These results suggest that most HSV strains isolated in Japan are sensitive to ACV.


Objective To study the displacement on corneal inner surface after operation of cornea penetrating injury by anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT),and to provide the evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods Eighty-three patients with cornea penetrating injury were examined by ASOCT after operation in Shenzhen Eye Hospital from June 2010to June 2013.Results The result of ASOCT showed that the displacement on corneal inner surface in 23 eyes,the incidence rate was 27.7% (23/83).It revealed that corneal stromal edema,corneal endothelium discontinuity,and angle or triangle gap formation.Conclusions It is helping to identify the displacement on corneal inner surface after operation of cornea penetrating injury by ASOCT,and have an important role for the assessment of the patient's prognosis and surgery program design.

Key words:
Cornea penetrating injury;  Anterior segment optical coherence tomography;  The displacement on corneal inner surface


In this present paper, we investigate generalized integration formulas containing the generalized $k$-Bessel function $W_{v,c}^{k}(z)$ based on the well known Oberhettinger formula [12] and obtain the results in term of Wright-type function. Also, we establish certain special cases of our main result.


Magnetometer circuits are disclosed in which a solenoidal sensor coil including a saturable core is provided a source potential to bring the coil towards saturation, followed by deactivation of the potential to the coil. The current through the coil is sensed and the magnetic field effecting the coil may be determined based on the amount of time which is required for the current in the coil to decline from a first level to a second level. A current sensor connected to the sensor coil provides a first output signal in response to the current through the coil increasing to a first value in a first portion of an operational cycle, and provides a second output signal in response to the current through the coil decreasing to a second value. The time period between the first and second output signals from the current sensor is indicative of the magnitude of the field affecting the coil.


Treatment of N-phenyl-iododifluoroacetamide (1) with terminal alkenes (2) in the presence of Na2S2O4 and NaHCO3 in CH3CN/H2O gave good yields of N-phenyl-2,2-difluoro-4-iodoalkanamide (3), which cyclized under strong basic conditions to afford N-phenyl-alpha,alpha-difluoro-gamma-lactams (4). Or simply, these lactams 4 can be directly prepared in one-pot from 1 and 2 in the presence of Na2S2O4 and NaOH. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


Under two sides pressure of profit atrophy and the competition intensify, the choice of small retail enterprises to imply common logistics is the inevitable tendency. To carry out the common logistics, the small retail enterprises can get two kinds of benefits: the directly benefits and indirectly benefits. The directly benefits including the logistics operation cost saving, the sale enlarging. The indirectly benefits including the supply priority, the information communication, the promptly distribution, the stability of supply chain relationship. To implements the common logistics, the rational distribution of corporational benefits is the key point of success to carry out the implementation common logistics. This article establish benefit share model in small retail enterprises common logistics based on Shapley value. The prerequisite of small retail enterprises to participate in the common logistics is the common interest, participates restraint each other by agreement and pledge, which can carry on cooperation based on the information sharing premise. Use a case study to examine the validity and the rationality of this model.


According to the cracks on the web plates in the early construction stage of some large-span continuous beam bridge,the study undertakes the accurate finite element analysis,considers the main reasons for the cracks on the web plates are the hydration heat temperature difference effect and the uneven shrinkage,eliminates the structural stressed factors,such as the gravity and prestress,and points out the respective measures,so as to restrain the cracks.


The invention relates to a parameter setting method of a hot continuous rolling thin slab coiling device and a coiling method of a hot continuous rolling thin slab. The parameters to be set are as follows: an advance speed set value of each set of roller beds = a finish rolling final rack speed set value * (a total roller bed advance rate + advance rate of each set); a lagging speed set value of each set of roller beds = the finish rolling final rack speed set value * a roller bed lagging rate; the side guide plate pressure coefficient is 0.8 +/- 0.15; the side guide plate additional value is from +5 to +10 mm; and the pinch roll is set, and the pinch roll of the coiling device is standardized to ensure the regular standardization, the pinch roll advance rate, pinch roll lagging rate, pinch roll pressure coefficient, upper pinch roll diameter of the coiling device and lower pinch roll diameter of the coiling device. The coiling method is implemented by controlling the coiling device with a computer according to the setting parameters. By using the parameter setting method of the hot continuous rolling thin slab coiling device and the coiling method of the hot continuous rolling thin slab, the surface quality is improved and the rejection rate is reduced.


Cloud infrastructures allow service providers to implement elastic applications. These can be scaled at runtime to dynamically adjust their resources allocation to maintain consistent quality of service in response to changing working conditions, like flash crowds or periodic peaks. Providers need models to predict the system performances of different resource allocations to fully exploit dynamic application scaling. Traditional performance models such as linear models and queueing networks might be simplistic for real Cloud applications; moreover, they are not robust to change. We propose a performance modeling approach that is practical for highly variable elastic applications in the Cloud and automatically adapts to changing working conditions. We show the effectiveness of the proposed approach for the synthesis of a self-adaptive controller.


Objective: To discuss the difference of perioperative complications incidence between elderly patients with gastric cancer invading the pancreas and elderly patients with gastric cancer without invading.Optimize the perioperative clinical therapy and nursing strategy for these cases.Methods: We collected 37 volunteers who accepted the therapy for gastric cancer invading the pancreas aged more than 65 years old in this hospital from February,2005 to October,2009.Another 37 elderly patients of gastric cancer with no invading the pancreas in same ages were taken as the control.Detailed clinical information of all cases were collected.These two groups of perioperative complications incidence were analyzed by chi-square test(x2),adopting different clinical treatment and nursing strategy given further intervention(including different surgical methods,and clinical monitoring management mode).At last,the incidence of postoperative complications between the two groups were compared by chi-square test(x2) and follow-up realize Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.Results: There was no significant difference between the incidence of total complications in Group I and this in Group II(P0.05).But the incidence of Hemoglobin reducing(100g/L),Albumin reducing(35g/L) and diabetes was significance between two groups(P=0.020,P= 0.032,P=0.013).The mortality in two groups had no statistical significance(P 0.05).The incidence of postoperative com-plications(70.27%) of Group I was lower than Group II(86.49%),there was no significant difference between two groups.The incident of functional or cardiovascular postoperative complications in two groups were different(P=0.036,P=0.013),the proportion for postoper-ative 5 years survival in two groups were not distinguishing(P=0.8308).Conclusion: It is necessary to strengthen the perioperative clini-cal treatment,monitor strategies for the elderly with gastric cancer invading the pancreas and adopt proper surgical method,which could reduce the incidence and mortality of postoperative complications and improve the quality of life for patients.


The sections in this article are

Introduction
Surface Forces in Aqueous Electrolyte
DLVO Forces
Early Surface Force Measurements
The Surface Forces Apparatus
The Osmotic Stress Method
The Bimorph Surface Force Apparatus

Force Measurements with the AFM
The Practice of Force Measurements
The Cantilever
The Probe: Tip or Colloidal Particle
An Instability: The Jump-In
AFM-Related Techniques

Theory of Measuring Surface Forces with the AFM in Aqueous Electrolyte
Derjaguins Approximation
The Electrostatic Double-Layer Force
Other Surface Forces in Aqueous Electrolyte

AFM Force Measurements of the Electric Double Layer
Between Solid Surfaces
High Surface Potentials
Between Deformable Surfaces
Imaging Charge Distributions

Conclusion and Outlook


Objective To study the relationship between the attribution style of senior high school students and the feeling of inadequacy and self-efficacy. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among the students who came from key senior high school and common senior high school by using MMCS, FIS and GSES. SPSS 10.0 analyzed the data. Results There were significant differences in attribution style, the feeling of inadequacy and self-efficacy between the students from key senior high school and the students from common senior high school, while that between male and female too. Attribution style of senior high school students was correlated with their feeling of inadequacy and self-efficacy. There were significant differences in senior high school students' attribution style between the high-mark group and the low-mark group of the feeling of inadequacy and self-efficacy. Conclusion Senior high school students' attribution style, especially the negative attribution style, should be paid close attention to.


Objective: To investigate the influence of p33(superscript ING1b) and wt-p53 on the biological activities of pancreatic cancer cells. Methods: Sense and anti-sense cDNAs of p33(superscript ING1b) were cloned into pcDNA3 eukaryotic expression vector separately, and the recombinant plasmids were solely or co-transfected with wt-p53 into pancreatic cell line SW1990. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the changes of cell cycle, Western blotting was used to evaluate the expression of p33(superscript ING1b) and p53 protein, and MGP-MY staining was applied to observe cell apoptosis. Results: SW1990 cells solely transfected with sense p33(superscript ING1b) plasmid or co-transfected with wt-p53 and sense p33(superscript ING1b) plasmid expressed more p33(superscript ING1b) and had more apoptosis than the antisense p33(superscript ING1b) plasmid and mock transfected cells did (P<0.05). Furthermore, the co-transfected cells had shorter cell cycle than cells with other treatments. Conclusion: It is suggested that p33(superscript ING1b) may inhibit the growth of pancreatic cancer cells and prevent cells from malignant transformation, which may be mainly mediated by p53.


quences commonly held by different DNA preparations or repeated or amplified within a complex genome has been provided. The DNA preparations of interest are digested with the same restriction enzyme and a portion of at least one preparation is labeled with 32P. The la beled and unlabeled DNA preparations are combined and electrophoresed in an agarose gel. Following elec trophoresis, the DNA is denatured in situ and allowed to reanneal within the gel so that homologous DNA sequences present within restriction fragments of the same size can reanneal. After reannealing, unhybridized single-stranded DNA is digested in situ followed by detection of the reannealed DNA by autoradiography. When labeled and unlabeled DNAs are derived from different DNA preparations, only the restriction frag ments commonly held by these two preparations are detected. When a restriction digest of total eukaryotic DNA is reassociated in the gel by this procedure, re peated restriction fragments are selectively detected. This approach permits detection of selectively ampli fied DNA sequences and identification of the DNA sequences that have been commonly amplified in differ ent cell populations. Localized of homologous, repeated or amplified DNA fragments of interest within the gel permits size-purification of such fragments.


Over the last several years environmental regulations have proliferated at a pace similar to the explosive growth of micro-computing. The new desktop computing power has encouraged compliance solutions developed in-house using PC based database tools. The result has often been numerous internally developed applications scattered throughout the company, managed or supported by personnel unfamiliar with the underlying principles of the original software. Each individual database may contain redundant and sometimes conflicting data. Expertise on these systems is often not transferable to the next system and may be lost as staff is promoted, transferred, or downsized.


The internet has encouraged the emergence of a new paradigm in the use of computing, marked by the emergence of devices that are connected to each other or known as the Internet of Things (IoT). One of the factors that contributed to the rapid emergence of "things" in the IoT network was the rapid development of chip technology and also increasingly varied wireless communication technology. With the emergence of the phenomenon of the development of IoT, especially those involving entrepreneurial opportunities in related fields, it is considered important to be introduced early on to students of vocational-high school equivalents in Indonesia. The activity was held in September 2019 at Filkom UB involving 41 participants from 6 schools of vocational-high school or equivalent. The activity succeeded in increasing the participant's understanding of the theory and also the practice of IoT where the participants' pre-test and post-test scores increased from an average of 61.6 to 92.9. The implementation of the activity was also declared successful from the results of the questionnaire. From a total of 425 answers, there were 17 STS answers, 39 TS answers, 205 S answers and 164 SS answers. Taking into account the positive and negative components, a recapitulation of 415 answers (98%) was found to be satisfied with the implementation of the activities.


Bamboo-wood furniture as a new type of furniture,it is beneficial for resolving the present conditions of China's relative scarcity of wood,rich of bamboo,market prospects are very broad.This paper presents and analyses the modern bamboo furniture design in the natural ecology,succeed to the traditional and modern furniture and innovate in the cultural heritage,and systematic design of these three design ideas,briefly discussed the three design ideas' significance and role in guiding the design of the bamboo-wood furniture. Hope that will bring some help to the current domestic bamboo-wood furniture design.


Abstract Dry matter production, dinitrogen fixation activity (ARA), and the release of nitrogenous compounds from the roots of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cv. Bragg, ntslll6 and nts1007 were studied under nitrogen-free culture conditions, Plants were sampled at the vegetative (54 d after sowing, DAS) and flowering (88 DAS) stages. Nts1116 accumulated the largest and nts1007 the smallest amount of dry matter at both sampling times. Nodule number in nts1007 which was the largest was significantly different from that of nts1116 and Bragg. Dinitrogen fixation was greater at the flowering stage and was higher in the mutants than in Bragg. Except for Bragg leaf at the flowering stage, N and ureide concentrations in the nts1007 plant parts, were higher than those of nts1116 and Bragg. Nts1116 and nts1007 accumulated the largest amount of N at the vegetative and flowering stages, respectively. The release of nitrogenous compounds from the roots of all the genotypes was higher at the flowering stage. Nts1116 ...


The demand for solving large-scale complex problems continues to grow. Many real-world problems are described by a large number of variables that interact with each other in a complex way. The dimensionality of the problem has a direct impact on the computational cost of the optimization. During the last two decades, differential evolution has been shown to be one of the most powerful optimizers for a wide range of optimization problems. In this paper, we investigate its appropriateness for large-scale problems. We propose a new variation of differential evolution that exhibits good results on difficult functions with a large numbers of variables. The proposed algorithm incorporates the following mechanisms: the use of three strategies, the extended range of values for self-adapted parameters <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$F$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathit {CR}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, subpopulations, and the population size reduction. The algorithm was tested on the CEC 2013 benchmark suite for large-scale optimization, and on two real-world problems from the CEC 2011 benchmark suite on real-world optimization. A comparative analysis was performed with recently proposed algorithms. The analysis shows the superior performance of our algorithm on most complex problems, described by overlapping and non-separable functions.


The article presents the overview of the peculiarities of the information work with the population on the Chernobyl subject in the existing exposure situation. The main features, directions and principles of information and educational activities at the present stage are determined in order to ensure sustainable socio-economic development of the territories affected by the Chernobyl disaster.


Community Context-attribute-centric Collaborative Information Environment (CCCIE) enables provision of services to users with same interests, by employing time awareness and demand-oriented perspective to transform one to one (1-1), one dimensional location based service paradigm to one to many (1-N), n-dimensional situation-aware community services. Unlike conventional Location Based Services (LBS) which involve selection of most suitable service either by manipulating location context at centralized server, or context-aware selection among all discovered services at service-consumer logic (at end node), the circumspect design of Autonomous Decentralized Community System (ADCS)framework empowers the transparent access of right service to right users at right place and right time, in highly dynamic ubiquitous environment by collaborative decentralized processing of various surrounding contexts like traffic and weather conditions, topographic features of towns and service validity time etc.


This paper deals with the local buckling characteristics and the energy absorption of thin- walled expansion tubes during tube flaring processes. The local buckling load and the absorbed energy during the flaring process were calculated for various types of tubes and punch shapes by finite element analysis. The energy absorption capacity of the expansion tube is influenced by tubes and punch shapes. The parametric study shows that the absorbed energy of the expansion tube increases as the diameter and the wall thickness of tubes increase. Larger punch angle and expansion ratio also improve the energy absorption. However, local buckling takes place relatively easily at larger punch angle and expansion ratio. Local buckling loads are also influenced by both the tube radius and thickness. Accurate prediction of the local buckling load is important to improve the energy absorption of the expansion tube since the absorbed energy of an expansion tube decreases significantly when local buckling occurs. Local buckling loads were predicted by modification of the Plantema equation and compared with numerical results. A modified Plantema equation shows a good agreement with the numerical result.


This paper reports on equal channel angular extrusion experiments (ECAE). The material is a laboratory-cast Al-4%Cu alloy, in the T4 condition. The die has two channels with 15 x 15 mm 2 square section, intersecting at 120 o , and deformation was accomplished at room temperature and consisted of up to 5 passes with no rotation between passes. After deformation, all samples were subjected to hardness measurements and tensile tests. The several passes extrusion process has been simulated using Fine Element Methods (FEM). A finite element code specially developed to model large deformation processes, like the ones involved in forging, was used with tetrahedral elements and an elastic-viscoplastic material model. That kind of elements requires re-meshing in order to keep the coherence of the elements under high sustained deformation. The material model parameters were obtained from previous simple tensile mechanical tests. The simulation was used to assist in the selection of sample-cutting procedures for texture measurements and it will provide, in future works, the strain paths needed for self-consistent polycrystal modeling of texture development. Preferential orientations were measured by conventional x-ray diffraction techniques. Three pole figures, (111), (200) and (220) were used for Orientation Distribution Function calculation and analysis.


This paper constructs a model of active traders and passive investors in production and endowment based stochastic growth asset pricing frameworks. The model replaces rational expectations with an adaptive learning rule that forecasts future equity prices with an econometric model. The key departure is to assume two types of market participants, active and passive, that di er by their forecasting model. Active traders forecast with a correctly specified model, use short periods of historical data when estimating the parameters of their model, and are subject to an expectation shock that induces waves of optimism and pessimism in their forecasts of the equity price. Passive investors forecast with a simple rule, utilize longer periods of past data in their estimation procedure, and are not subject to periods of undue optimism or pessimism. The paper estimates the model and compares the results to U.S. economic and financial stylized facts. Numerical results for both the estimated production and endowment economies show that the model of active traders and passive investors matches several of the stylized facts better than does a model that assumes a fully rational, representative agent. Additionally, the dynamics of the model are shown to derive from both the heterogenous agent adaptive learning mechanism and the expectation shock of active traders.


In various applications in the field of control engineering, the estimation of the state variables of dynamic systems in the presence of unknown inputs plays an important role. Existing methods require the so-called observer matching condition to be satisfied, rely on the boundedness e variables or exhibit an increased observer order of at least twice the plant order. In this article, a novel observer normal form for strongly observable linear time-invariant multivariable systems is proposed. In contrast to classical normal forms, the proposed approach also takes the unknown inputs into account. The proposed observer normal form allows for the straightforward construction of a higher-order sliding mode observer, which ensures global convergence of the estimation error within finite time even in the presence of unknown bounded inputs. Its application is not restricted to systems which satisfy the aforementioned limitations of already existing unknown input observers. The proposed approach can be exploited for the reconstruction of unknown inputs with bounded derivative and robust state-feedback control, which is shown by means of a tutorial example. Numerical simulations confirm the effectiveness of the presented work.


This study examined the relationship of breakfast and RTE cereal (RTEC) consumption on body weight status in US children and adolescents. Dietary records (24 hour recall) and body weight measures were gathered from interviews with 3964 children aged 4–13 y and 2720 adolescents aged 14–18 y in the NHANES, 1999–2002. RTEC consumers showed significantly lower BMI and waist circumference (WC) than breakfast skippers (RTEC consumers vs. breakfast skippers: BMI, 19.1±0.19 vs. 22.5±0.28, p<0.01; WC, 66.9±0.52cm vs. 77.5±0.83cm, p<0.01). RTEC consumption was associated with lower z scores for BMI (0.35 ±0.06 vs. 0.59±0.06, p<0.01) and weight (0.39± 0.05 vs. 0.61± 0.06, p<0.01) as compared to breakfast skipping. RTEC breakfast consumers showed consistently lower body weight measures than other breakfast food eaters (BMI, 19.1±0.19 vs. 20.1± 0.11, p<0.01; WC, 66.9±0.52 vs. 69.6± 0.31, p<0.01). RTEC consumers also showed the highest daily intakes of fiber and the lowest energy intakes from fat. The data indicated that RTEC consumption may be an important component of maintaining a healthy weight in children and adolescents.


A method for determining a focus located in a survey area (6) of an object (7) portion (16) of a catheter (11), characterized by the following steps: a) receiving at least a first two-dimensional image of the examination zone (6), b) detecting (up or at the portion 16) of the catheter (11) located markings (18), wherein the markings (18) as a marker wire (along portion 16) are arranged spirally, c) forming a marking pattern, and d) assigning the marking pattern to the previously known patterns indicative of the rotation of the portion (16).


Several ways of increasing the atomization efficiency in the determination of B by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry were evaluated: the use of a chemical modifier (Ni, Pd and ascorbic acid); pretreatment of the graphite tubes with carbide forming elements (Zr, Ta and V); and addition of NaF as a cleaning solution between measurements. The tubes were pre-treated by soaking in the carbide forming metal solution under vacuum, drying for 4 h at 150 °C and finally subjecting them to slow electrothermal heating to at least 1600 °C in order to form the metal carbide on the inner side of the tube. The best results were obtained using Zr-treated tubes in conjunction with Ni as chemical modifier. This resulted in high sensitivity (80 pg), a negligible memory effect and an increased tube lifetime (200 atomization cycles of 3 s at 2650 °C). The method was successfully applied to determine B in waste and river waters.


In this study, length-weight relationship and condition factor of L. mormyrus were determined in the Black Sea. 306 individuals (170 female and 136 male) of the species were caught between 2017and 2018 with trammel nets. The mean length and the mean weight of the specimens were determined as 18.18 cm + 2.01 (Min:15.7 - Max:31.0) and 79.16 g + 38.20 (Min:49.23 - Max:393.8), respectively. The length - weight relationship was described by the following formula W = 0.0147 L 2.9475 (R² = 0.9421) with a negative allometric growth. Fulton condition factor (K) was calculated, 1.17 for all samples.


To evaluate the water quality in Juksancheon constructed wetlands for treating non-point source pollution, the removal rates of nutrients in water and the total amounts of T-N and T-P uptakes by water plants were investigated. Chemical characteristics of T-N and T-P in sediment were investigated. The concentrations of BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand), COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), SS (Suspended Solids), T-N and T-P in inflow were 0.07∼1.47, 0.60∼2.65, 0.50∼4.60, 1.38∼6.26 and 0.08∼0.32 ㎎ L?¹, respectively. The removal rates of BOD, COD, SS, T-N, and T-P were ?¹0, 51, 66, -3 and 5%, respectively. The maximum amount of T-N uptake by water plants in August was 368.7 ㎎ plant?¹ in the 2 nd treatment stage by Nymphoides peltata, 1314.6 ㎎ plant?¹ in the 3 rd treatment stage by Iris pseudacorus, 1160.4 ㎎ plant?¹ in the 4 th treatment stage by Nymphaea tetragona GEORGI, respectively. The maximum amount of T-P uptake by water plants in August was 121.7 ㎎ plant?¹ by Nymphoides peltata in the 2 nd treatment stage, 268.7 ㎎ plant?¹ by Iris pseudacorus in the 3 rd treatment stage and 212.0 ㎎ plant?¹ by Nymphaea tetragona GEORGI in the 4 th treatment stage, respectively. Organic matter contents in sediments were not different. Contents of T-N and T-P in sediments were higher in spring. Microbial biomass C:N:P ratios in sediments in spring, summer, autumn and winter were 117~140:1~4:1, 86~126:5~6:1, 68~101:2~6:1 and 47~138:2~4:1, respectively. We could conclude that Juksancheon constructed wetlands show high removal efficiencies of COD and SS. However, improvements of management in winter season should be considered to improve the removal efficiencies of pollutants.


Molecular core binding energies have been measured for a series of platinum and palladium complexes; the results show the great potential of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for studies in structure and bonding.


In Gamer Theory (2007), McKenzie Wark argues that gaming is no longer just an innocent pastime, but rather a problematic condition closely connected to the political fears and desires of the societ ...


IF YOU THINK OF LIFE on Earth as a magnificent incarnation of natural technology, then life has the classic double-edged character of all powerful technologies. This technology has produced a wondrous diversity of beings displaying a gorgeous marriage of form and function on hierarchical levels that span the range from cells to rain forests and beyond. Yet it also has created pathogens that indifferently kill millions of people each year, ecological disasters that wipe out species, and intelligent beings that deliberately perpetrate catastrophes on similar scales. On Nov. 14, I attended a "discussion" at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in Washington, D.C., titled "Synthetic Biology: Coming Up Fast!" It made me wonder whether the scientific community might be approaching another Promethean moment, like the one associated with the emergence of nuclear technology last century and that ever since has committed humanity to shepherding nuclear technology's promise while containing its peril...


In the paper, the writer discusses the reasons of Chen Duxiu's national movement theory and its main points. The important influences on the revolution in China are mentioned too.


During the last several years, high temperature heat pipes have been identified as enabling thermal control devices for several emerging applications. NASA's Prometheus initiative serves as a primary focus for much of the interest to expand thermal management capabilities to higher temperatures and increase the technology readiness level. Recently Swales and other investigators were tasked by NASA's Glenn Research Center (GRC) to design and fabricate several titanium‐water heat pipes to satisfy the very challenging requirements associated with the Prometheus initiative. This program was successfully finished in March of 2006 and three high performance titanium‐water development heat pipes were delivered to GRC. This paper describes the basic heat pipe design and its predicted performance capabilities. The manufacture and test of the heat pipes are also briefly discussed. Test results are discussed and compared to the existing hardware performance.


Two studies were conducted to test the hypothesis that information about intergroup competition is central to children's representations of social categories. Children (N = 99, 5- and 6-year-olds) were introduced to two novel social categories, which were described as having competing or noncompeting goals, by varying the quantity of a resource in which both groups were interested. When groups had competing (as compared with noncompeting) goals, children expected category membership to more strongly constrain prosocial and antisocial behaviors, viewed category membership as more fundamental to identity, were more likely to reference categories to explain behavior, and viewed categories as characterized by unique social obligations. Results further indicated that children reliably inferred when goals were competing versus noncompeting based on information about resource quantity. Implications for the conceptual systems that support the development of social categorization are discussed.


In order to explore the influence of low pressure on ignition process, the ignition performance of a linear combustor with five burners was experimentally investigated at ambient temperature and low pressure. At air pressure drops of 1%, 2% and 3%, the influence of low pressure on the lower boundary of the ignition equivalence ratio and ignition delay have been carried, and the high-speed camera was used to record the flame propagation at various time. The results indicate that the minimum ignition equivalence ratio increases with the decrease of pressure. And, the lower the pressure, the more obvious the influence of pressure on the ignition boundary. At the same air pressure, the minimum ignition equivalent ratio decreases with the increase of the air pressure drop. For the process of ignition delay, the air pressure mainly affects the evaporation of droplets and the chemical delay process, and the air pressure drop mainly affects the physical delay stage. For the process of flame propagation, the flame moves between adjacent burners in a symmetrical pattern under various pressures. The air pressure mainly affects the ignition delay process, and the air pressure drop influences the ignition delay and the flame propagation in the early stage (the light-around from single burner to three-burners). The time needed to achieve stable combustion is the shortest at the air pressure drop of 2%.


This research departs from a social phenomenon where a person's sense of self-love and self-acceptance affects the individual's self-esteem. With the development of communication media in this digital era, media products play a big role in influencing the individual's personality through the messages. Therefore, the researcher wants to find out how the message in the film Imperfect: Karir, Cinta & Timbangan influences the audience's level of self-esteem knowledge. So that, researchers will be able to find out how effective the message about self-esteem is delivered through the film Imperfect: Karir, Cinta & Timbangan. The level of knowledge is measured through a questionnaire to determine the extent to which the film is able to affect the audience cognitively with a Likert scale instrument for measurement. The subjects of this preliminary research were 30 teenagers with an age range of 15-20 years, both male and female, who had watched the film Imperfect: Karir, Cinta & Timbangan. The results of this research indicate that most teenagers who have watched the film Imperfect: Karir, Cinta & Timbangan are on average 20 years old and find that their level of knowledge on self-esteem increases which then affects their ability to respect and appreciate themselves. So, after that they can be assertive, able to establish healthy relationships, feel proud of themselves and are able to accept all their shortcomings and strengths. Thus, the role of the film in conveying the message is considered effective enough to give a cognitive influence on the audience.
Keywords: knowledge level, film, influence, self-esteem, effectivity


In a recent Moneyweb Radio podcast, Investec's John Biccard said that the news of Discovery and Aspen's ascent into the JSE Top 40 - where they will replace troubled paper makers Sappi and Mondi - had warned him off buying either of the healthcare companies' stocks.


Wireless networks have been widely used in industries, military and education. We usually represent a wireless network as a Unit Disk Graph (UDG) G = (V, E). There are many issues considered in wireless networks. In this dissertation, I mainly focused on the security and routing issues which are two of the most important issues in wireless networks. Security is one of the important issues in wireless networks. Secure clustering problem plays an important role in distributed sensor networks. Weakly Connected Dominating Set (WCDS) is used for solving this problem. Therefore, computing a minimum WCDS becomes an important topic of this research. I compared the size of Maximal Independent Set (MIS) and minimum WCDS in unit disk graph. The analysis showed that five is the least upper bound for this ratio. I also presented a distributed algorithm to produce a weakly connected MIS within a factor 5 from the minimum WCDS. DENIAL-OF-SERVICE (DoS) attack, which aims to make a service unavailable to legitimate clients, is another threat to the internet security. I made a connection between group testing and internet security. Group testing is a technique to detect the defective items with minimum number of tests. It tests the items by group instead of one by one to save the testing times. I used group testing technique to test which server or application is being attacked. Group testing is a technique to detect the defective items with minimum number of tests. It tests the items by group instead of one by one to save the testing times. Routing is another most important issues in wireless networks. A good routing path can save much energy. Energy consumption is always a big concern in wireless networks. Connected Dominating Set (CDS) is a popular way to construct the virtual backbone in wireless network. I showed that a minimum nonsubmodular cover problem could be reduced into a problem of minimum submodular cover with submodular cost. And I approached to the solution of MOC-CDS problem by showing a little weaker result using Generalized Hitting Set.


The Jacobi, Gauss-Seidel and SOR methods belong to the class of simple iterative methods for linear systems. Because of the parameter , the SOR method is more effective than the Gauss-Seidel method. Here, a new approach to the simple iterative methods is proposed. A new parameter q can be introduced to every simple iterative method. Then, if a matrix of a system is positive definite and the parameter q is sufficiently large, the method is convergent. The original Jacobi method is convergent only if the matrix is diagonally dominated, while the Jacobi method with the parameter q is convergent for every positive definite matrix. The optimality criterion for the choice of the parameter q is given, and thus, interesting results for the Jacobi, Richardson and Gauss-Seidel methods are obtained. The Gauss-Seidel method with the parameter q, in a sense, is equivalent to the SOR method. From the formula for the optimal value of q results the formula for optimal value of . Up to present, this formula was known only in special cases. Practical useful approximate formula for optimal value  is also given. The influence of the parameter q on the speed of convergence of the simple iterative methods is shown in a numerical example. Numerical experiments confirm: for very large scale systems the speed of convergence of the SOR method with optimal or approximate parameter  is near the same (in some cases better) as the speed of convergence of the conjugate gradients method.


Among the different theories used to explain social change, the transition theory holds a special place. It has been applied to subjects such as demography, epidemiology, nutrition, etc. and most often from a multidisciplinary perspective. However, beyond the apparent uniqueness of the transition label there are quite different theoretical frameworks and presuppositions, which can be a source of misunderstanding. A first perspective considers change as the transition from one stable state to another and concentrates on the processes at work in the transition phase. It focuses attention on the interactions between cultural and biological variables and tries to take into account the consequences of the fact that they move at different rates. A second perspective conceives change as a series of stages (more or less stable situations) and proceeds to analyse the structural transformation of the organisation at each stage. The emphasis is placed on the transformations that take place during these stages. This brings us closer to the theory of stages. Finally, a third perspective combines stages and transitions. Change is seen as part of an evolutionary and progressive movement and as being reversible or not. This article studies the cognitive organisation of the different theoretical variants of the transition model in which food plays a more or less important role.


The author develops the hypothesis that two forms of fungal poisoning ergotism and alimentary toxic aleukia both of which are caused by infected cereals made important contributions to child mortality in England between 1700 and 1750 and probably earlier as well. Reasons for declines in the incidence of the diseases after 1750 are also discussed (ANNOTATION)


Background Allergic conjunctivitis (AC) is frequently associated with allergic rhinitis (AR) and affects up to 91% of patients with AR. Desloratadine, an orally administered, non‐sedating second‐generation antihistamine, has proven efficacy and safety in the control of nasal and non‐nasal – including ocular – symptoms of AR. This randomized‐controlled trial is the first to evaluate the effects of continuous oral desloratadine treatment on ocular symptoms after conjunctival allergen challenge.


Digital filter technology is quite important in the signal processing field. This paper realizes digital filter designing by way of the virtual instrument technology, and this paper introduces the filter plat front panel and program frame diagram designing based on the FIR filter algorithm through the LabVIEW platform. Through the simulation, the virtual digital filter validates the designing accuracy. The digital filter achieves the ideal effect in filtering, which can be widely applied into the signal processing field, such as digital de-nosing, and experimental study, etc. Digital filter panel designing has broad application prospect and research value.


This article is dedicated to the formation problem of the value-sense attitude to a future profession among the students from a higher institution.


The presented results are from the content analysis of images
on Czech adolescents Weblogs. We collected a random sample of
609 entries from 203 Weblogs maintained by teens between the
ages of 13 and 17 years old. The coding system was developed in
cooperation with researchers at Childrens Digital Media Center
at UCLA. The overall aim was that of delineating main trends
and identifying characteristics, forms, patterns or modes of
expression of the global youth culture. We found that Czech
adolescents post a higher amount of visual contents compared to
US adolescents. The results show that most of the entries
posted by bloggers were images of persons, celebrities
pictures, and images associated with subcultures. Building on
the analysis of these data, our paper shows that images
displaying on Weblogs may provide some insights into
developmental differences between older and younger
adolescents.


With the increasing demands of power quality, high-quality power supply has become a necessary condition of modern social life. Power quality problems include voltage sag/swell, voltage unbalance and harmonics. To solve the above problem, a multi objective reactive power compensation device considering fault current limiting is designed, which can provide a certain degree of reactive power compensation to solve multi-objective system powered composite power quality problems during the normal working of the power system, and be able to quickly to limit the short-circuit current mode switching when power system under fault conditions. Finally, on the basis of theoretical analysis, experiments and simulations confirmed the correctness and effectiveness of the control strategy.


The Sun is the most powerful heat generator, which neither of the heat sources created by mankind can compete with. Solar energy is that energy which is rapidly gaining acceptance as an energy saving measure in various application. In this experimental set up the thermal efficiency of the air collector containing aluminium tubes is been found out by using two different insulating material. Glass wool and Foam are used as the insulating material. The temperature difference and efficiency are studied at constant air flow rate. The main aim of this paper is to compare the thermal efficiency between the glass wool insulated air collector to the foam insulated air collector. The maximum efficiency in the case of the glass wool insulated air collector is found to be 63.9% and in case of foam insulated air collector is 70.16%. Thus the efficiency of the foam insulated air collector is


Foreword Sylvie Kedourie Preface. Introduction 1. Town Planning and the Urban and Rural Landscapes 2. Agriculture 3. Forestry 4. Land 5. The Partition Plans 6. The Shephelah: A Case Study


The proliferation of the greedy heterogeneous wireless network demands the ability to handle the sharply increasing resource requirements of power and spectrum. Thus, the study of novel and effective methods to allocate power and spectrum resources in order to reduce energy consumption for heterogeneous devices has become an urgent issue. In this context the article proposes a DJRA in which data fusion, combined with NOMA, SIC and beamforming techniques, are utilized to allocate power and spectrum resources to heterogeneous devices with a reduced energy consumption, where different radio access technologies are integrated into a cellular network for communication between devices. The data correlations between the devices are computed to group the devices so as to reduce data transmission. In addition, NOMA, SIC and beamforming are used in combination to reduce network interference between BSs and the heterogeneous devices. The main contribution of this article is the design of a large-scale heterogeneous wireless network paradigm to improve the percentage of resource utilization also reducing the energy consumption.


Dr. Bedillion received the BS degree in 1998, the MS degree in 2001, and the PhD degree in 2005, all from the mechanical engineering department of Carnegie Mellon University. After a seven year career in the hard disk drive industry, Dr. Bedillion was on the faculty of the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology for over 5 years before joining Carnegie Mellon as a Teaching Faculty in 2016. Dr. Bedillion's research interests include control applications in robotics and STEM education.


Temperature plays a crucial role in growth rate and development of a plant. Low temperature damages plant metabolic processes. The poly tunnel is used to mitigate low temperature stress for quality production of gladiolus. The Randomized complete block design with two factors factorial was used to carry this experiment. Protective field conditions enhanced temperature level that resulted in longer spike length, higher number of leaves per plant, more leaf area, maximum spike diameter, more number of florets per spike, larger diameter of flower, more fresh and dry weight, higher photosynthetic rate and less days to taken flowering, were obtained during November and December under poly tunnel conditions. Chlorophyll contents and transpiration rate significantly increased during early warmer months. Stomatal conductance not significantly changes. More antioxidant enzyme (POD and CAT) activity was recorded and less electrolyte leakage due to which vase life remained higher in November and December under protective planting conditions. Moreover, gladiolus cut flowers quality features were significantly improved in protective growing conditions in poly tunnel during January and February. Protective growing conditions mitigated low temperature stress in cold months and significantly enhanced yield as well as quality characteristics of gladiolus cut flowers.


The location map used in reversible watermarking has two disadvantages.Firstly,the size of the compressed location map is large.Secondly,compression of location map consumes lots of computation.A reversible watermarking scheme of high payload is proposed without location map.The host image is divided into blocks,the smooth degree of each block is computed,which is unchanged after data embedding,according to the smooth degree all blocks are sorted,noised blocks are filtered,watermark is embedded into the selected blocks with the general difference expansion.The experimental results show the proposed method can conceal more information than other methods at the same PNSR.


The clinical and pathologic predictors of prostate cancer‐specific mortality (PCSM) many years after radical prostatectomy (RP) remain to be fully elucidated. We explored the association between pre‐operative prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) and other pathologic predictors and PCSM in men who have undergone (RP).


A novel control system for BLDCM was introduced based on SPCE061A.Corresponding action of the motor can be performed,after the user's speech command is correctly recognised.The system hardware structure was presented,and the basic principle of speech recognition was analized,moreover,the software design was discussed.At last,satisfied control effect is gained through experiments.


The author of the above article was informed that the entries of the approximate posterior standard deviations in Table 1 were too small and that the effects of the prior distributions should be lower than those shown in Table 1 (F. J. Abad, personal communication, October 13, 2009). The author found out that the FORTRAN implementation of Equation 6 under the one-parameter logistic model contained an error. Hence, the earlier Table 1 on page 264 and Figure 1 on page 272 should be replaced with the following new Table 1 and Figure 1, respectively. In addition, the fourth sentence on page 272 should be replaced with the following sentence: "Under Prior Specification 2 (e.g., the default setting of BILOG), assuming that the item discrimination is 1.5 and item difficulties are located within a reasonable range from -2 to 2, a sample of 2,500 is needed for the one-parameter logistic model in the Bayes modal estimation with the normal prior on b, and a sample size of nearly the same but slightly more than 2,500 is needed in the maximum likelihood estimation for the one-parameter logistic model." The author thanks Professor Abad at the Universidad Automona de Madrid, Spain, for his careful reading of the article.


Nasal glioma is a rare benign tumor that usually occurs during infancy. We report a case of nasal glioma in a 6-month-old boy in which the histomorphologic features resembled those of an anaplastic astrocytoma.


The present invention provides an image capturing apparatus. Capturing units acquire, from an object, image data having characteristics different from each other. An image generator calculates a deviation amount indicating the position deviation between images represented by the image data acquired by the capturing units, and generates image data of a multi-channel image in which the position deviation between the images represented by the image data acquired by the capturing units has been corrected using the deviation amount. Each of the capturing units comprises capturing elements having capturing characteristics specific to the capturing unit, and capturing elements having capturing characteristics common to a plurality of capturing units. The image generator calculates the deviation amount from image data acquired by the capturing elements having the common capturing characteristics.