This paper examines the development of aggregators, entities that collect information from a wide range of sources, with or without prior arrangements, and add value through postaggregation services. New Web-page extraction tools, context sensitive mediators, and agent technologies have greatly reduced the barriers to constructing aggregators. We predict that aggregators will soon emerge in industries where they were not formerly present. Through studying over a hundred existing and emerging aggregators, we present a model for understanding the aggregator's strategic interaction with the incumbent. We also suggest different business models as possible aggregator entry points into an industry and describe their impact.


Following the work done by Reffrey, Calone and Bourdalle-Badie (2015) we implemented a one 7 dimensional(1D) ocean physical model in the sub-Antarctic Southern Ocean using the Nucleus for the 8 European Modelling of the Ocean(NEMO) model. The 1D model is a first attempt at studying sub-grid scale 9 parameterizations in the region. It was used to test the effects of the k-ε turbulence closure scheme on the 10 simulation of vertical mixing in the water column structure in the North Pacific and Southern Ocean, using the 11 available scattered data as comparison. This analysis also gives indications for the choice of the grid's vertical 12 levels. 13 14


It describes an adhesive composition comprising an emulsion polymer comprising (meth) acrylate copolymer and silica nanoparticles. The addition of nanoparticles, resulted in a significant increase in the overlap shear properties of the adhesive to hold the peel adhesion at the same time.


Nowadays,the enlargement of the crisis of the business credit of China results in the terrible confusion of the market regulation.The absence of credit of the business main body makes more transaction risks.It's hard to restrict one who runs for the utmost interests and doesn't keep promises,only by morality or opinions.There fore it is essential to perfect the business credit system of China by perfect legal system and regulation so as to promote the credit level of the business main body and solve the problem of the absence of credit level of the business main body at present.


The invention provides a method and a device for intercepting advertisements of a double-core browser. The method comprises the following steps of detecting an IE (internet explorer) core webpage child process and/or a Webkit core child process of the double-core browser, and loading the webpage information according to a webpage accessing request; intercepting and hanging the webpage accessing request, wherein the webpage accessing request comprises webpage address information URL (uniform resource locator); enabling the IE core webpage child process and/or the Webkit core child process to call an independent plug-in through a browser main process to perform the advertisement resource verification on the webpage accessing request; when the advertisement resource verification is not qualified, giving up the webpage accessing request in the IE core webpage child process and/or the Webkit core child process. The method has the advantages that the opening of the advertisement webpage is foundationally prevented, the clean webpage content is provided for the user, and the network resource is saved.


This research focused on the language being used in Regulation Number 40 year 2007 regarding limited liability company in Indonesia and the data is taken from Regulation Number 40 year 2007 regarding limited liability company in Indonesia that is collected randomly so the technique that will be used in this research is the sampling technique, because the data was chosen randomly and the method that will be used to analyze the data is descriptive method because the data will be described descriptively. It will describe the reason why the translator use that kind of equivalence to translate Indonesian into the English language.


This study examined how native and non-native speakers of Japanese react to Pseudo, Wrong, Vague, and real Kanji (Chinese character in Japanese). The non-native speakers in this study did not learn Chinese characters in their mother languages. They are begging to intermediate learners of Japanese. The participants were asked to decide if a character is true (exist) or not true (does not exist) by pushing a key. The correct rates of native speakers were significantly higher than those of non-native speakers in all stimulus groups. The correct rates of Vague and Pseudo were low in both groups. The correct rate of Wrong Kanji in native speakers was 100%, whereas the average correct rate of Wrong Kanji in non-native speakers was 57%. The position of a semantic radical is never change and crucial to get the meaning of a character. The correct rates of Wrong in non-native speakers increased in accordance with their proficiency. The importance of the semantic radical should be more emphasized in teaching Kanji.


The open-cell titration of seawater was studied for alkalinity measurements by colorimetry. 1) The colorimetric pH of free hydrogen ion concentration, pHF(ind), was calculated from the ratio of the absorbances at 436 and 590 nm (R = _590nm A /_436nm A ), along with the molar absorption coefficient ratios (e _1, e_2 and e _3 le _2) and a tentative acid dissociation constant value (pK _a2 ). 2) The perturbation of hydrogen ion was evaluated from the change in titration mass (Δm). The total hydrogen ion concentration at m + Δ m, pH_T(at m+_Δm), was calculated using pHF(ind) for a mass m and constants for sulfate (S _T) and fluoride ( F _t). 3) The alkalinity ( A _t) was computed from the titrant mass (m + Δ m) and the corresponding pH_T(at m+_Δm) through a non-linear least-squares approach using the pK _a2 value as a variable parameter. Seawater sample at 2000 m depth from the West Pacific was analyzed. The resulting A _t (2420.92 ± 3.35 µmol kg^-1) was in good agreement with the A _t measured by potentiometric electric force (2420.46 ± 1.54 µmol kg^-1). The resulting pK _a2 was 3.7037, in close proximity to that reported by King et al. (pK _a2 = 3.695).


Business Intelligence and Analytics (BIA) is subject to an ongoing transformation, both on the technology and the business side. Given the lack of readyto-use blueprints for the plethora of novel solutions and the ever-increasing variety of available concepts and tools, there is a need for conceptual support for architecture design decisions. After conducting a series of interviews to explore the relevance and direction of an architectural decision support concept, we propose a capability schema that involves actions, expected outcomes, and environmental limitations to identify fitting architecture designs. The applicability of the approach was evaluated with two cases. The results show that the derived framework can support the systematic development of fundamental architecture requirements. The work contributes to research by illustrating how to capture the elusive capability concept and showing its relation to BIA architectures. For further generalization, we created an open online repository to collect BIA capabilities and architectural designs.


Large glass areas, even high-performance glazing with Low-E coating, could lead to discomfort if exposed to solar radiation due to radiant asymmetry. In addition, air-to-air cooling systems affect the thermal environment indoors. Water-Flow Glazing (WFG) is a disruptive technology that enables architects and engineers to design transparent and translucent facades with new features, such as energy management. Water modifies the thermal behavior of glass envelopes, the spectral distribution of solar radiation, the non-uniform nature of radiation absorption, and the diffusion of heat by conduction across the glass pane. The main goal of this article was to assess energy consumption and comfort conditions in office spaces with a large glass area by using WFG as a radiant heating and cooling system. This article evaluates the design and operation of an energy management system coupled with WFG throughout a year in an actual office space. Temperature, relative humidity, and solar radiation sensors were connected to a control unit that actuated the different devices to keep comfortable conditions with minimum energy consumption. The results in summer conditions revealed that if the mean radiant temperature ranged from 19.3 to 23 °C, it helped reduce the operative temperature to comfortable levels when the indoor air temperature was between 25 and 27.5 °C. The Predicted Mean Vote in summer conditions was between 0 and −0.5 in working hours, within the recommended values of ASHRAE-55 standard.


We exhibit a new way to perform the group-manifold reduction of pure Einstein gravity in the vielbein formulation when the compactification group manifold is S3. The new Bianchi IX group-manifold reduction is obtained by exploiting the two three-dimensional Lie algebras that the S3 group manifold admits. As an application of the new reduction we show that there exists a domain wall solution to the lower-dimensional theory which upon uplifting to the higher-dimension turns out to be the self-dual (in the nonvanishing components of both curvature and spin connection) Kaluza–Klein monopole.


In recent years, convolutional neural network (CNN) has been widely used in image recognition, but there is still a big gap in automatic driving and road recognition. Here we have designed a system that maps raw pixels directly from a single front-facing camera to a steering command. The system mainly uses the camera to recognize the auxiliary lines on the road to realize automatic driving, and the accuracy rate has reached 98%. Unfortunately, such data can only be used in the laboratory, and the recognition of complex road conditions needs further development of machine learning.


Abstract The first "Golden Age" of public health beginning in the 1830s led to major improvements in population health, mainly through advances in hygiene and sanitation but also through social reform. Few decades later, the success of bacteriology as well as the increasing technical and economical potentials of biomedicine backgrounded social approaches. In the 1960s, social epidemiology began to thrive again in the UK. Germany followed with a major delay after the horrific misuse of population health by the Nazi regime. Today, public health in Germany is regaining strength. A renewed focus on basic research (e.g. genomics) and on economic exploitability without effective solutions to political challenges could, however, quickly terminate a second Golden Age.


Exposure to indoor air pollution (IAP) from cooking with solid fuels affects 2.8 billion people in developing countries, including children and pregnant women. It also increases the risk of adverse...


Three dynamic braking strategies for transient stabilisation of a power system have been investigated. These involve resistor, resistor-reactor and resistor-capacitor switching, respectively. The switching strategies are obtained from an optimum feedback control law. The proposed controls were tested on a four-machine power system. It was observed that although all the optimal strategies were able to contain the first swing instability, the resistor-capacitor switching was the best for electromechanical as well as electrical transients control.


Studying physics and then teaching it to children, as is known from decades of science education research, creates a huge problem of unknown origin. This study aims to develop a media and determine its effectiveness in increasing knowledge of physics for children. This research is a research and development with the stages of the ADDIE model to develop Roll Book media with the roll technique containing physical science material for early childhood. Data collection techniques were carried out through expert validation tests and field trial data. Analysis of effectiveness test data using a paired sample T-test statistical test. The results of the media effectiveness test showed an increase in knowledge of physics in the pre-test and pots-test. The summary of all the test results of the developed media shows that Roll Book products are effectively used to increase children's knowledge of physics. The concept of storybook media that has been developed in various interesting forms is expected to be an alternative solution for the scientific development of early childhood education studies.


We have developed new compact MIMO DRA for 802.11n system. The antenna has three independent orthogonal channels which can offer high efficiency and high diversity gain. The simulation result closely matches with measured result in S-parameter and radiation pattern. The new DRA antenna is compared with three spaced dipoles in a commercial 802.11n terminal in an office environment. The measurements show the compact DRA antenna has similar data throughput in NLOS case and better data throughput in LOS case due to his higher gain. All results show the usefulness of a very compact antenna solution to achieve very efficient antennas at the terminal of MIMO system. Further work is to reduce size of antenna and keep good performances.


With increasing access to interconnected IP networks, people demand a faster response time from Internet services. Traffic from web browsing, the second most popular service, is particularly time-s ...


The design of feature set is a basic research direction of anomaly detection technology. The characterization ability of feature set directly affects the accuracy and generalization ability of intrusion detection algorithm. KDD CUP 99 is the most widely used data set in anomaly detection related research papers, but the feature set needs to analyze the payload content characteristics of packets, so the feature set cannot be applied to the encrypted traffic. CICIDS2017 is also a widely used data set. However, because data in PCAP format can only be used as input, the generalization ability of the model trained by this data set is poor when it is used for real-time attack detection. Based on the above problems, a feature set based on network flow characteristics is designed and implemented in this paper, which includes the time-window-based statistical features related to network traffic and host-related statistical features. Experiments show that the anomaly detection model trained by the feature set can meet the requirements of both real-time and classification accuracy.


A detailed petrological study of the greenschists which outcrop between Lorient and Ile Percee show that they are constituted by widespread subglaucophanitic actinolites, as well as actinolites and magnesiohornblendes, associated with epidotes, chlorites and albite. The complete prograde/retrograde calculated P-T path is clockwise, the prograde par evolving near the glaucophane stability field boundary. After their situation and the nature of the metamorphic evolution, these subglaucophanitic greenschists can characterize a transition «blueschists-amphibolites», and support the occurence of a single metomorphic belt in South Brittany


The term "marketing mix" became popularized after Neil H. Borden published his 1964 article titled, "The Concept of the Marketing Mix". Since then, this terminology has become a common knowledge in the business world and has played a pivotal role in shaping most companies' business processes and models.   However, most people argued that this framework was particularly useful in the early days of the marketing concept when physical products represented a larger portion of the economy. Today, with marketing more integrated into organizations and with a wider variety of products/services and markets, is so astonishing and surprising that this concept is still very appropriate and relevant.  In this article, I will discuss and analyze AirAsia Airline within the context of this marketing concept described above. Identifying the target market and highlighting some of the marketing mix employed to attract the chosen market  Finally, I will discuss the threats to the long-term success of the airline with reference to the current marketing mix in order to overcome certain service shortcomings.


This paper studies how the strength of social ties between the fund's independent directors and fund managers affects fund governance. Using the duration of past employment in which independent directors and fund managers have worked together as a proxy for the social ties, I find that the longer the connection duration, the worse the funds perform. In addition, managers who have a long-term connection with the independent directors have a higher probability of being hired and a lower chance of being fired. Investors endure a significant cost due to this board entrenchment.


The plasma concentrations of a lipophilic furan dicarboxylic acid (3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoic acid; 5-propyl FPA), which is highly bound to albumin and not removed by haemodialysis,


Water quality drawdown regulations require release of the water quality volume over an extended period of time to minimize stream erosion. The requirement for a bioretention basin is commonly 40 hours. Drawdown methods often analyze how fast the water quality volume would drain from the surface of the bioretention cell. The high permeability of bioretention soils make it difficult to prove that the basin is able to hold the water quality volume for extended periods of time without minimizing the surface area and lowering the permeability. The methodology presented shifts the focus to the volume released to the stream. Volume lost to evapotranspiration and infiltration can be as much as 50% of the water quality volume. If 50% of the volume does not discharge directly to the stream, the two design points on the drawdown curve are achieved independent of how fast the volume drains from the surface of the basin. Also provided is a method for meeting the drawdown requirements if the volume discharged to the stream is over 50%.


—Shortest path is referred to the problem of finding minimum distance or path between two nodes in a weighted graph. It is significant in graph theory and has been applied in many applications such as transportation and networking. Most of the shortest path calculation is performed on general purpose processor where instructions must be run to read the input, compute the result, and set the output which later on will slow down the overall performance. Therefore, the authors proposed a hardware approach which implements FPGA technology to find the shortest path between two nodes. The FPGA approach will demonstrate how parallelism can be used to significantly reduce calculation steps compared to sequential effort. In this paper, A-Star algorithm has been chosen for the shortest path calculation since it can achieve superior time running based on its heuristic behavior.


It will be Christmas before we know it...  but first, it's time to step out in the Autumn chill and take in the free, dazzling firework displays which will be held at parks across the city, to celebrate Bonfire Night.


The objective of this document is to present the recommended strategy for removal of sludges from the K Basins. This document ties sludge removal activities to the plan for the K Basin spent nuclear fuel (SNF) described in WHC-EP-0830, Hanford Spent Nuclear Fuel Project Recommended Path Forward and is consistent with follow-on direction provided in February 1995. Solutions and processes for resolving sludge removal technical and management issues to meet accelerated K Basin deactivation objectives are described. The following outlines the major elements of the recommendation: (1) manage all sludges as SNF while in the K Basins; (2) once loose sludges are collected and removed from the facilities, manage them as radioactive or mixed waste consistent with the upcoming characterization results, the preferred sludge path forward alternative sends sludges to the Tank Waste Remediation System (TWRS) and/or the Hanford Solid Waste Disposal as appropriate; (3) continue to manage sludge within the fuel canisters at the time they are loaded into the multi-canister overpacks as SNF.


As to the enlightenment of several theories related to foreign direct investment,and the promptings from the exterior environment,the paper concludes that as a new vital force in foreign trade,Chinese small medium-sized enterprises should become the active practitioner in foreign direct investment.


Report concerning appropriations requested to address the issues of children illegally crossing the southwest border and a shortfall of funds needed to pay for wildfires.


Temperature, magnetic induction and substitution dependent resistivity are a crucial factor in determining the physical properties of magneto-resistive materials. The first objective of this work was to find out an applicable method of using temperature to predict the resistivity of Pr0.7(CaxSr1-x)0.3MnO3 in the metal phase within the transition area. Based on non-linear curve fitting, a typical numerical method is used to quantitatively analyze the temperature-dependent resistivity within temperatures lower than the metal-insulator transition temperature (Tp). The simulations agree very well with the observed curves (resistivity versus temperature). The second objective of this work is to search for the applicable method to link magneto-resistivity to magnetic induction, calculation on the principle of non-linear curve fitting, four typical numerical methods are highlighted because the magnetic induction-dependent magneto-resistivity are quantitatively analyzed by these methods. The observed effects of magnetic induction on the shift of temperature-resistive curve should be more essential in physics and are quantitatively discussed in magneto-resistive materials. Lastly, the influences of Ca substitution on magneto-resistivity are detected.


Alkoxyl linkages with different carbon lengths are employed to link the two neighboring ortho carbons of the two phenyl moieties at the same ethylene carbon of the tetraphenylethene framework, resulting in successful regulation of the molecular conformation and in turn the emission properties.


Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of comprehensive treatment with radiotherapy and chemotherapy in locally advanced nasopharyngeal cancer(NPC),and the tolerability of patients.Methods From February 2003 to July 2005,patients with locally advanced NPC were initially treated with one cycles of induction chemotherapy with PF program(DDP 30mg/m~2·day,continuous infusion on days 1~3;5-fluorouracil 500 mg/m~2·day,continuous infusion on days 1~5;21 days as a cycl e). The conventional radical radiotherapy started 3~7 days after one cycle of PF induction chemotherapy program,and followed by three cycles of PF chemotherapy program.The clinical efficacy and tolerability of the patients were observed.Results the complete remission rates of nasopharyngeal primary lesions at 3 and 6 months after the treatment were 95.6%and 95.6%respectively, and the complete remission rates of neck lymph node were 93.3%and 97.8%respectively.The 3-year overall rate was 80% and disease-free survival rate was 73.3%.The main toxic side effects were gradeⅠ~Ⅱgastrointestinal reaction,gradeⅠ~Ⅱmyelosuppression and gradeⅠ~Ⅱoral mucositis.All the patients were well tolerated.Conclusions The clinical efficacy of induction chemotherapy plus adjuvant chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy in treating locally advanced NPC is quite satisfactory.The toxicity can be tolerated well and the treatment compliance is good.


The solvothermal method was used to design the organic framework materials.The H2BDC,water,CrO3,HCl were mixed and heated to 200 ℃ of crystatization.Then using the orthogonal experiment to select the best experimental conditions.The MOFs designed has large surface area,which up to 4 600 m2/g.


New ways are proposed of increasing broadband-lamp pumping effectiveness of laser crystals with trivalent lanthanides. The method is based on the broadening of lasing-ion absorption spectrum by the remove (excitation) of their considerable part from the ground state into one (some) of the upper states with the help of additional resonant bleaching laser add-pumping Advantages of the new pumping schemes are illustrated by the results, obtained during quantitative analysis of the necessary conditions of stimulated-emission excitation for four laser crystals (LaF3, LiYF4, BaY2F8, and YA103) with Pr3+ ions, which can lase at 3Po 3F4,3,2,3H6,5 channels at 300 K with lamp pumping. The method proposed is also suitable for laser effectiveness increase in crystals with other lanthanides activators.

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The aim of this article is to discuss the problem of social role of women in contemporary China from eating and drinking behaviour perspective. The article has been written on the base of long term empirical study conducted in contemporary Beijing. The author is focusing on two issues he has noticed during his research: the growing number of young Chinese men behaving courteously towards women, and the growing participation of women in interactions which have been taking place in public (in Beijing restaurants). The author is trying to find out if those phenomena can be considered as important indicators and catalysts of the women's social position advancement or they are just manifestations of insignificant and short-lived fashion.


Hand movement tracking devices are important to monitor impaired hand function during daily activities. The study presented in this paper investigates the feasibility of using a hand glove device to monitor the use of paretic hand in daily life. A Finger Movement Evaluation Device (FMED) was developed for this purpose and it was tested on six stroke subjects who used it for two days. FMED records the flexion angle of two metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints (for example, index and middle MCP joints). A questionnaire was used to evaluate subjects' acceptance of FMED. Data collected by FMED were analyzed to calculate the ratio of finger movement episodes during the day and amount of movement as a sum of individual movement episodes. Results showed a high satisfaction of patients and the ability to acquire quantitative information about the quality of movement while using the device; these results concluded that FMED is a promising tool to monitor the use of impaired hand in real life whether as a regular routine test or as part of a home based therapy set up. Keywordshand glove devices; movement impairmemt;


'l'he Senateof the University of Sydney at times exhibits wisdom. Not long ago, whenplaced in a more advantageousposition in regard to funds than the governingbodies of theUniversitiesof Melbourne and Adelaide,a chair of medicineand a chair of sur" gery were established. The Senatewas faced with a seriousdifficulty when it consideredthe conditions attaching to the·two professorshipsand met these difficulties by choosing the lesser of two evils. It recognizedthat the most competentpractitioners in medicine and in surgery would not be attractedby the remunerationoffered to a university professor.' • It thereforebecamenecessaryto seek men whowould give a moiety of their time to the immensely important task of controlling and maintainingessential departmentsof the medical school. Thecompromise was not to theadvantageof the school,but the Senate realized that it was essential to insure efficiency. Moreover, it has to be rememberedthat the practice has gradually insinuateditself among the professors of the Medical Faculty of the University of Sydney of undertakingwork not directly connectedwith the teaching of studentsor the prosecutionof research. This practice arose as a direct result of the inadequate remunerationof the men responsiblefor the organization and proper conduct of great departments of the medical school. The Senate has already yielded to the force of circumstances. Rather than lose the servicesof the professorswho had built up the inimitable reputationof the school, they sanctioned outsidework, becausethey were not prepared to increase the remuneration. \Ve hold that the price paid was too great; that a supreme effort should have beenmade to compensatethe professors reasonably, if not generously,but to insist on the concentrationof their undivided attention to their university duties. It is late, at the presenttime, to revolt against the principle of part-time professors, since it is a not-illogical corollary of the germ of part-time work introduced gradually many years ago. In the case ofthe first professorsof medicine and surgery, the school hasevery reasonto applaud the Senateon the action taken which led to the selection and appointment of two Australian graduates of unusualmerit. Both have proved their ability.


This study assesses the effectiveness of wastewater treatment process of KRPC. The scope of the study involves a quality assessment of pre-disposal treatment of an industrial effluent. Wastewater samples were collec ted for six months from three sampling points within the study site which compris ed of the following; effluent sample before treatment (Sample A), effluent sample after treatment (Sample B) and KRPC effluent discharge point (Sample C). Standard methods of wastewater quality assessment were employed in the analyses of the sam ples collected. Data generated were converted to means of dry and wet seasons (Jan uary, February and March) and (June, July and August) respectively. The mean valu es were subjected to Paired Sample Student t-test and results were presented in tables. Paired sample t-test for pair 1and 2 for dry and wet seasons revealed a sign ifica t difference between A dry season (AD) and B dry season (BD); A wet season (AW ) and B wet season (BW). Also, pair 3 and 4 harmoniously, show no significan t difference between B dry season (BD) and C dry season (CD); B wet season (BW ) and (CW) wet season. Similarly, t-test for Pair 5and 6 (UNEP-BD), expres s no significant differences between B dry season (BD) and UNEP standard; and B wet season (BW) and UNEP standards. Pair 7 and 8, paradoxically confirmed a significant difference between C dry season (CD) and UNEP standards and no significa t differences between C wet season (CW) and UNEP standards. The research confir ms the efficiency of effluent treatment by the management of KRPC.


We establish the Kato-type smoothing property, i.e., global-in-time smoothing estimates with homogeneous weights, for the Schr\"odinger equation on Riemannian symmetric spaces of non-compact type and general rank. These form a rich class of manifolds with nonpositive sectional curvature and exponential volume growth at infinity, e.g., hyperbolic spaces. We achieve it by proving the Stein-Weiss inequality and the resolvent estimate of the corresponding Fourier multiplier, which are of independent interest. Moreover, we extend the comparison principles to symmetric spaces and deduce different types of smoothing properties for the wave equation, the Klein-Gordon equation, the relativistic and general orders Schr\"odinger equations. In particular, we observe that some smoothing properties, which are known to fail on the Euclidean plane, hold on the hyperbolic plane.


Abstract Feedback loops are a key characteristic of engineering design processes that increase complexity, time to market, and costs. However, some feedback loops, due to design iteration, have a positive impact on design outcomes (i.e., the quality of the final design), so are worth the time and costs incurred. Other loops, resulting from rework, also have a positive impact on the final design but their impact on current projects, in terms of their urgency and so interruption, is high. Thus, overall, and drawing on socio-technical systems literature, some feedback loops are virtuous circles with a positive impact whereas others are vicious circles with a negative impact. In this paper, we report early work exploring these interplays between rework and design iteration through the development of process simulation models.


This is the first English-language translation of the play Norma '44 (1986) by Italian feminist writer Dacia Maraini. Norma '44 is the story of two Jewish Italian women who are forced to stage a production of Norma while imprisoned in a Nazi concentration camp during World War Two. Starting with the title itself, the play incorporates references to the famous bel canto opera Norma by composer Vincenzo Bellini and librettist Felice Romani (1831). The plot of Norma '44 clearly parallels the plot of Bellini's opera, with the characters of the play; Karl, Sara, and Lidia, directly mirroring and echoing the protagonists of the opera; Pollione, Norma, and Adalgisa. Karl puts a recording of the opera on the phonograph and from that point forward each actor intermittently sings along with his or her respective part. Maraini structures the play as a series of rehearsals for the ultimate performance of Norma for Colonel Saidler, a performance that never takes place.


In this work, we reported isotopic effect in H2@X12N12 and H2O@X12N12 (X = B and Al) molecules at LC-ωPBE/6-311 G(d,p) level of theory. Zero-point energies values (ZPEs) of H2, H2O, H2@X12N12 and H2O@X12N12 molecules were calculated. Isotopes influenced the excess energies attained by molecules due to compression. The changes in ZPE of H2@X12N12 and H2O@X12N12 and those isotopic molecules intensely surpass those of the H2 and H2O molecules, subsequent in the great deuterium and tritium isotope effects. The excess of compression energy (Δ ɛ) obtained by the molecule under compression was sensibly, about 5.00–2.60 (X = B) and 1.48–2.63 (X = Al) kcal/mol. Larger kH/kD and kH/kT values were found in the presence of X = B than X = Al. These outcomes were recommended as a probe for analysis molecular compression of enzymatic positions; they may be significant for exploring extremely great experimental isotope effects in various enzymatic reactions, where they were ascribed to the tunneling.


Glutathione synthetase of Escherichia coli B was modified with polyethylene glycol, and the properties of the resultant modified enzyme were investigated. The thermal stability of the modified enzyme and its resistance against several proteases increased compared with those of the native enzyme. The modified enzyme was injected intravenously via the rat tail vein, and the circulating life of the enzyme in plasma was monitored. The half-life of the native enzyme was 50 min, whereas that of the modified enzyme was approximately 24 h. The systemic anaphylaxis reaction was tested by using rats intravenously injected with the native and modified enzymes. For the native enzyme, strong reactions such as dyspnea and tumble were observed; however, no symptom or only a very weak reaction, such as scratching, was observed with the modified enzyme.


From the perspective of the capital's historical development and reality,the thesis demonstrates that the capital is not the distinctive category of capitalism,but the result of the development of social productive forces and the development of commodity economy. The capital's nature is increament and its life lies in circulation.The capital's essence is to be seen in economic relations.which is not the kind of relation that capitalists exploit hired laborers.


OF all Italian sports in and after Dante's age the most universal and characteristic was the racing for the palio. This was a long strip, or sometimes two strips laced together, of valuable cloth, silk or rich brocade, resembling in shape the banners now used at school feasts and in the processions of benefit societies. The chief uses of these banners were two, and it will be seen that they had some connection. Firstly, they were carried in procession and presented annually to a ruling city on the great municipal festival by subject communes or noble feudatories as a recognition of her sovereignty. Thereafter they were hung in the principal church. Thus at Florence S. Giovanni's was hung round with palii. Secondly, they were suspended on poles and hoisted at the winning-post of race-courses as the first prize. Hence the palio came to mean the race itself, much as we use the phrases Ascot Cup or Middle Park Plate. To give an example. Just as the War of the League of Cambray was breaking out, young Luigi da Porto wrote from Vicenza to his uncle in the Friuli, 'If I don't send my Barbary horse to run the palio at Udine this St George's day, it is because I think that throughout all the Venetian territory there is bound to be something else to do this year than running the usual palii.' So universal were these two practices that the manufacture of palii was quite an important industry, e.g. at Venice, and the prices paid for the race prizes were, even according to the earlier statutes, very high, and then continually rose. Thus the palio of Piacenza, which in 1372 was won by Bernabb Visconti's horse, had for three years past cost 112 gold ducats, whereas in temporibus retroactis the value was 15 (Chron. Plac. Agazzari, p. 50).


THE INVENTION RELATES TO A METHOD AND DEVICE FOR INCREASING THE SPEED OF TASKS PERFORMED BY TREATMENT SYSTEM DIGITAL INFORMATION. IS A SYSTEM HAVING AT LEAST TWO PROCESSORS CPU1, CPU2 HAVING EACH ONE COVER C1, C2 PART WITH REPERTORY DY1, DY2 AND PART MEMORY M1, M2. PROCESSOR CPU.sub.1 EXECUTE A TASK IN EMITTING OF CASES SET FOR ITS COVER THAT CAN RECEIVE AN APPLICATION CALLED EXTERNAL COMING FROM THE OTHER CPU2 PROCESSOR WITH TREATY ITSELF A TASK. TO AVOID CONFLICT BETWEEN THE SIMULTANEOUS TREATMENT OF INTERNAL REQUEST AND A COMPLAINT BY THE SAME EXTERNAL CACHE C1, A COMPLAINT MAY ACT ON THE OTHER BY DELAYING ITS VALIDATION OR SUSPENDING ITS TREATMENT OF THE MOMENT THESE REQUESTS WISHING TO WORK TOGETHER ON PART DY1 DIRECTORY OR PART M1 MEMORY CACHE C1 PROCESSOR CPU.sub.1 RESPECT FOR THESE REQUESTS. THE iNVENTION APPLIES PARTICULARLY FOR SYSTEMS mULTIPROCESSOR.


From the perspective of a Hallidayan grammar, the meaning of a text is realized from the interlacing of words or lexicon that progresses to the structuring of phrases and clauses that make up a particular text. This study has attempted to analyze the lexical features of a Philippine consumer-finance contract, particularly a bank's credit card terms and conditions document, in the hope of determining the material's comprehensibility to its target users. Specifically, it focused on identifying certain linguistic features in the document that could explain the thorny and problematic state of the consumers in comprehending the document. Both the vocabulary used as responses given by the participants during the cloze testing and the actual vocabulary of the document were examined vis-a-vis Cutts's (2011) reference material as framework. Findings show that a significant number of words in the document warrant further scrutiny and must be replaced as they considerably keep the consumers from getting a clear grasp of the material.


Measurements of physiological parameters provide an objective, often non-intrusive, and (at least semi-)automatic evaluation and utilization of user behavior. In addition, specific hardware devices of Virtual Reality (VR) often ship with built-in sensors, i.e. eye-tracking and movements sensors. Hence, the combination of physiological measurements and VR applications seems promising. Several approaches have investigated the applicability and benefits of this combination for various fields of applications. However, the range of possible application fields, coupled with potentially useful and beneficial physiological parameters, types of sensor, target variables and factors, and analysis approaches and techniques is manifold. This article provides a systematic overview and an extensive state-of-the-art review of the usage of physiological measurements in VR. We identified 1,119 works that make use of physiological measurements in VR. Within these, we identified 32 approaches that focus on the classification of characteristics of experience, common in VR applications. The first part of this review categorizes the 1,119 works by field of application, i.e. therapy, training, entertainment, and communication and interaction, as well as by the specific target factors and variables measured by the physiological parameters. An additional category summarizes general VR approaches applicable to all specific fields of application since they target typical VR qualities. In the second part of this review, we analyze the target factors and variables regarding the respective methods used for an automatic analysis and, potentially, classification. For example, we highlight which measurement setups have been proven to be sensitive enough to distinguish different levels of arousal, valence, anxiety, stress, or cognitive workload in the virtual realm. This work may prove useful for all researchers wanting to use physiological data in VR and who want to have a good overview of prior approaches taken, their benefits and potential drawbacks.


In this study, CT specimens were prepared from spring steel(SUP9) which was used in suspension of automobile for room temperature and low temperature survice. We got the following characteristics from fatigue crack growth test carried out in the environment of room temperature and low temperature at 25℃, -30℃, -50℃, -70℃ and -100℃ in the range of stress ratio of 0.05 by means of opening mode displacement. The threshold stress intensity factor range ΔKth in the early stage of fatigue crack growth (RegionⅠ) and stress intensity factor range ΔK in the stable of fatigue crack growth (RegionⅡ) was decreased in proportion to descend temperature. It is assumed that the fatigue resistance characteristics and fracture strength at low temperature and high temperature is considerable higher than that of room temperature in the early stage and stable of fatigue crack growth region.


At all times mankind strived for progressive changes, and for a long time has been looking for new ways to diagnose and treat diseases in order to prolong life. Scientists have constantly attempted to introduce the latest techniques, and if in the 20th century an understanding of the course of various processes at the cellular level was achieved, at the latest stage of development there is already a transition to the study of the molecular and even atomic composition of individual derivatives, which should contribute to the transition to a qualitatively new level of process understanding. The first to speak about nanotechnology was Richard Phillips Feynman, who back
in 1959 spoke about the possibility of controlling matter precisely at the atomic level. At the present stage, nanotechnology is increasingly being introduced into medical science, in particular, in the field of laboratory diagnostics of infectious diseases. More recently, this fact has received practical confirmation on the example of organizing large-scale testing of the population for the presence of the coronavirus infection. The methods used on the basis of atomic force molecular detectors provide a unique opportunity for visualization and identification of protein markers of
pathological processes and conditions with a sensitivity several orders of magnitude higher than that of standard laboratory studies. This principle was the basis for the implementation of the polymerase chain reaction method, the essence of which lies in the multiple multiplication of microscopic concentrations of pathogen DNA fragments in a patient's biological sample under artificial conditions. As a result of a complex process called amplification, under the influence of enzymes and changes in temperature (from 50 to 95 °C), two DNA molecules are formed from one DNA molecule. In this case, there is a copying of a DNA section that is present only in that type of pathogenic microorganism that is of interest to a specialist at the moment. The cycle of formation
of a new DNA molecule takes about 3 minutes, while 30-40 cycles is quite enough to obtain the proper number of molecules required for reliable visual determination of the desired agent by electrophoresis.


Faculty of Health and Welfare, Seinan Jogakuin University, Kokura-Kitaku, Kitakyushu, Japan. Presented in abstract form at the 7th World Congress of Biological Psychiatry, July 1–6, 2001, Berlin, Germany. Send reprint requests to Dr. Kazuhiko Abe, Seinan Jogakuin University, 1-3-5 Ibori, Kokura-Kitaku, Kitakyushu, 803-0835 Japan. Copyright © 2004 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins DOI: 10.1097/01.nmd.0000110243.36717.10


The swirling flows of water and CTAC (cetyltrimethyl ammonium chloride) surfactant solutions (50-1000 ppm) in an open cylindrical container with a rotating disc at the bottom were experimentally investigated by use of a double-pulsed PIV (particle image velocimetry) system. The flow pattern in the meridional plane for water at the present high Reynolds number of 4.3 X 10 4 differed greatly from that at low Reynolds numbers, and an inertia-driven vortex was pushed to the corner between the free surface and the cylindrical wall by a counter-rotating vortex caused by vortex breakdown. For the 1000 ppm surfactant solution flow, the inertia-driven vortex located at the corner between the bottom and the cylindrical wall whereas an elasticity-driven reverse vortex governed the majority of the flow field. The rotation of the fluid caused a deformation of the free surface with a dip at the center. The dip was largest for the water case and decreased with increasing surfactant concentration. The value of the dip was related to determining the solution viscoelasticity for the onset of drag reduction.


A new multi-chamber rotary compressor (MCRC) is introduced in this paper. This new compressor is designed for compactness and energy efficient, with potential applications in refrigeration systems. In this paper, the design of the new compressor will be presented. Various components and their functions together with the overall advantages will be shown and discussed. In its basic form, it is a rotary compressor with two chambers working simultaneously to increase its output by maximizing the available working space and hence reduces material usage. The basic working principles will also be discussed and its advantages will be presented in comparison with other existing rotary compressors.


Flavonoid glycosides extracted from roots of Scutellaria baicalensis exhibit strong pharmaceutical effect in antitumor, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral activity. UDP glycosyltransferase family members are responsible for the transfer of a glycosyl moiety from UDP sugars to a wide range of acceptor flavonoids. Here, we report the phylogenetic analysis, tissue-specific expression and biochemical characterization of 10 glucosyltrasferases (SbUGTs) and 6 glucuronosyltransferases (SbUGATs) based on the recently released genome of S. baicalensis. These results reveal that the high expression level and affinity to substrate of SbUGAT4 make baicalin become the richest flavonoid glycoside in the root of S. baicalensis.


The giant magneto-impedance (GMI) effect was investigated in the nanocrystalline FeCuNbSiB mutlilayered films in the present paper. The results indicate that the maximum LMI ratio was 44% at the frequency of 3MHz, and the maximum TMI ratio was 46% at the frequency of 6MHz, respectively. The TMI spectra have a threshold field. While the magnetic field is bigger than the threshold field, the magneto-impedance was evidently decreased. In the nanocrystalline multilayered films, the frequency of the maximum LMI ratio is lower than its amorphous multilayered film. The GMI ratio of multilayered films was changed following the orientation of magnetic moments. When the orientation of moments was perpendicular to the film plane, the GMI ratio was dramatically decreased.


Microwave plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition of very smooth diamond coatings is an important process for various applications including mechanical and micromechanical systems and acoustic wave devices. Nanosmooth coatings have been deposited from CH4–CO2 gas mixtures at moderate temperature, the order of 600 °C. In order to increase the knowledge of the process and the control of the final characteristics of the films, a modeling of these plasmas is necessary. This has been carried out here from the prior determination of the plasma parameters. Optical emission spectroscopy was used in order to determine the gas kinetic temperature. Microwave interferometry and Langmuir double probe were used to determine the electron density and the electron temperature, respectively. All these experimental data have been obtained for a wide range of external parameters, such as the inlet composition, the pressure, the gas flow rate, and the power injected in the plasma. Then modeling of CH4–CO2 plasmas was develo...


Abstract : In December, 1981, New World Research, Inc. conducted an intensive cultural resources survey of 2,200 ac in the Fort Benning Military Reservation, Alabama and Georgia. The work was performed under Contract No. CX5000-2-0087 for the Archeological Services Branch, Division of National Register Programs, National Park Service, Southeast Region. As part of the scope-of-work, the applicability of a model of site location formulated by Remote Sensing Analysts (RSA) was to be tested (Kohler et al., 1980). The survey identified or relocated 37 sites, including 20 prehistoric, 15 historic, and two prehistoric/historic sites; in addition, 32 isolated finds were identified and recorded. The model developed by RSA was tested and found to be generally correct, though mapping problems were identified. Results from the 2,200-ac survey were extrapolated using the refined computer model to the entire 22,000-ac maneuver area to highlight locations of potential archaeological sites.


As the environmental awareness of people becomes stronger, the demand for mercury-free light sources also becomes stronger. The authors have been developing cold cathode fluorescent lamps in which xenon gas is filled as an ultraviolet radiator instead of mercury. Previously the authors reported the luminous flux enhancement method using a grounded auxiliary external electrode (AEE). In this paper, in order to improve the luminous flux much more, a positive voltage pulse which was synchronized to the main driving negative voltage pulse was applied to the AEE. As a result, the maximum input power increased under which the positive column did not constrict and the luminous flux improved by 70% at the xenon filling pressure of 6.7 kPa. It is proved that the positive voltage pulse application to the AEE with the amplitude of more than 2 kV expands the positive column in the radial direction. It is attributed to the phenomenon that the residual ions and electrons, which are generated by dielectric barrier discharge between the AEE and the anode during the falling edge of the negative pulse to the cathode, spread the discharge path from the anode towards the AEE during the cold cathode discharge mode. By increasing the xenon filling pressure, luminous efficacy was improved to 25 lm W−1.


Studies about speech characteristics of Alzheimer patients reveal their difficulties to search for words and their problems to produce utterances according to the communicative situation. This article examines the utterances produced by mild and moderate Alzheimer patients and normal elderly subjects after pausing during a conversation. The sample was constituted by 21 normal elderly subjects and 16 Alzheimer patients. Both groups were assessed within The Age Associated Dementia Project at the School of Medicine in the University of Concepcion through a multiphasic procedure in which the MMSEm and PFAQm criteria for cognitive impairment and the DSM-III and CIE-10 criteria for dementia were used. The speech samples were gathered through recorded conversations with the subjects. The speech material was transcribed into simple notation. The utterance content after a pause that expressed a difficulty in discourse planning was besides analysed. The findings reveal that Alzheimer patients show difficulties to complete coherently utterances interrupted by a pause.


Hydrogen/deuterium exchange processes are powerful methods to evaluate the potential of a catalyst for the cleavage and formation of a C H bond. The isotopic exchange reactions can also be of synthetic value, as deuterated and tritiated compounds are used for NMR spectroscopy, for medicinal research, and for drug discovery processes. Furthermore, deuterated polymers have been evaluated for organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) and are used in optical communication systems. Therefore, there is increasing interest in mild and selective catalytic H/D exchange processes from both fundamental and application-oriented viewpoints. Transition-metal-catalyzed H/D exchange processes are usually performed with D2 or in deuterated organic solvents such as [D6]benzene or [D6]acetone, and only in very few cases can deuterium oxide (D2O) be used. [4, 8–10] In recent years, iridium, rhodium, and ruthenium complexes have shown promising potential, but reaction temperatures are typically well above 100 8C for systems utilizing D2O as the deuterium source. 9a,b] We report herein the efficient and selective H/D exchange between arenes and D2O at temperatures as low as 50 8C by using the nonclassical hydride complex [Ru(dtbpmp)(h-H2)H2] (1, dtbpmp= 2,6-bis((ditert-butylphosphino)methyl)pyridine) as the catalyst precursor. As part of our ongoing interest in the catalytic properties of nonclassical ruthenium hydrides, we have recently synthesized complexes [Ru(IMes)(PCy3)(h -H2)2H2] (2a, IMes= 1,3-dimesityl-1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-ylidene, Cy= cyclohexyl) and [Ru(IMes)2(h -H2)2H2] (2b) as carbene analogues of Chaudret:s hexahydride [Ru(PCy3)2(h -H2)2H2] (3). [10] In contrast to 3, complexes 2a and 2b showed a very high activity for H/D exchange between [D6]benzene and other aromatic compounds. To further evaluate the catalytic properties of this class of compounds we extended the structural motifs of nonclassical ruthenium hydrides to complexes with pincer-type ligands. The complex [Ru(dtbpmp)(h-H2)H2] (1, dtbpmp= 2,6-bis((di-tert-butylphosphino)methyl)pyridine) is readily accessible in high yields by using the direct hydrogenation route shown in Scheme 1.


Recently, consumers in rural areas have complained about the reduction of the octane number for gasoline stored in storage containers made of polyethylene (PE) in Korea. In addition, problems have been found in gasoline that has not been used for a long time in dual-fueled cars that use liquefied petroleum gas and gasoline at the same time. The reduction of the octane number has caused problems in the quality of fuels. To understand the fuel quality problems, the fuel properties of gasoline for automobiles were investigated in this study by storing gasoline for a long time in various simplified storage containers (tin-coated steel, PE, and polyethylene terephthalate (PET)) in a laboratory scale. For the four months of the storage period, the storage containers were kept indoors and outdoors to monitor the research octane number (RON), vapor pressure, oxidation stability, and the content of all the components to evaluate the fuel properties. In addition, the surfaces of containers were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the PE storage containers that were kept outdoors under extremely harsh conditions. Depending on the storage period, some of the PE storage containers kept indoors and outdoors failed to satisfy the specification of quality standards of the gasoline as the samples with high octane numbers and low boiling points evaporated. In addition, the octane number of the gasoline in PE storage container stored indoors decreased as the content of n-paraffin and olefins having low boiling point components decreased during the storage period. The surface analysis of the PE storage containers kept indoors showed that the gasoline permeated into the surface of the containers. In this study, it has been showed that tin-coated steel material storage containers for gasoline storage are less affected by external influences than PE material storage containers and thus are more advantageous for maintaining stable fuel quality.


An adaptive fuel delivery control system includes a pressure monitoring module and a flow rate detection module. The pressure monitoring module determines an actual pressure drop for a fuel injection event to an injection device. The flow rate determination module determines a trailing flow rate on the basis of a reference flow rate and pressure drop.


This paper describes the use of the specification and description language (SDL) as a prototyping tool for a developing low rate wireless personal area network protocol. A simplification of the guidelines for protocol formalization using SDL is used to create a behavioral model. This behavior model is then hand-tested for protocol behavior using software tools that permit simulation of the SDL model. Simulation of peer SDL models is done next to ensure interoperability. Finally a formal validation tool is used on the resultant SDL models.


Objectives:  Aggressive natural killer cell leukaemia (ANKL) is a malignant disorder of mature NK cells with a poor prognosis, for which no effective therapeutic approach has been established. We investigated the role of allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantion (allo‐HCT) in ANKL.


Philadelphia Fed President Patrick Harker discussed the importance of community banks and issues they face, including technological change, demographic pressures, and regulatory burden during a keynote speech at the Community Banking in the 21st Century Research and Policy Conference in St. Louis.


The adsorption of formaldehyde (CH2O) and methane (CH4) on the pristine and AlP-codoped stanene monolayers were investigated using the density functional theory calculations in order to search for potential sensors for detection of CH2O and CH4 molecules. The effects of CH2O and CH4 adsorption on the structural and electronic properties of stanene monolayers were systematically studied. The results indicated that both CH2O and CH4 molecules were physisorbed on the stanene sheets with small adsorption energy and large adsorption distance. The adsorption of CH2O and CH4 on the AlP-codoped stanene is more energetically favorable than that on the pristine one. Band structure calculations indicate that CH2O and CH4 adsorbed pristine and AlP-codoped stanene show semiconductor characteristics. The charge density difference calculations represent the significant charge accumulation on the adsorbed gas molecules. The considerable changes in the electronic properties of stanene induced by gas adsorption suggest the potential application of these group-IV buckled nanomaterials for CH2O and CH4 detection.


The present invention relates to the selection device of the semiconductor memory device. An object of the present invention is to avoid the drop in voltage caused by the read current in the column multiplexer (10) of the semiconductor memory device (1). For this, the switching device of the selected device (10) (12) is provided with two switching elements (T1, T2). The present invention further associated bit line (4) is, by the first switching element (T1) and a second switching element (T2), the potential sampling connection (22) or each of the associated sense amplifier (20) and a current supply connection (24) may be interconnected. .The


Abstract Phenomena important for Atlantic climate variability include the Atlantic zonal equatorial mode, the tropical Atlantic meridional gradient mode, and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). These climate phenomena and their associated atmospheric circulation cells are described and discussed using the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis field and the NCEP sea surface temperature (SST) from January 1950 to December 1999. Atmospheric divergent wind and vertical motion are used for the identification of atmospheric circulation cells. During the peak phase of the Atlantic equatorial mode, the Atlantic Walker circulation weakens and extends eastward, which results in surface westerly wind anomalies in the equatorial western Atlantic. These westerly wind anomalies are partly responsible for warming in the equatorial eastern Atlantic that occurs in the second half of the year. The Atlantic equatorial mode involves a positive ocean–atmosphere feedback associated with the Atlantic Walker circulation, similar to the Pacific...


In this article, I used series hazard modeling and multivariate logistic models to test the relative strengths of deterrence and reactance models for the risk of piracy attacks under a military intervention and several major events. I found significant evidence for the conclusion that the rate of piracy attacks reduced significantly when direct controls are implemented to reduce the environmental opportunities of crime, and when certainty effect becomes stronger. The only exception is when pirates are highly motivated. Also, my results support the reactance perspective when the odds of successful attacks significantly increase after anti-piracy military intervention was introduced.


Collaborative, team-based learning is considered an effective approach to develop students' knowledge and skills necessary for academic and professional success (Bell, 2010; Larson & Northern Miller, 2011; Thorp & Sage, 2002). The basis of this studentcentered pedagogy is to promote such essential skills as critical thinking, reasoning, problem-solving, and teamwork, which serve as the cornerstone of various policy initiatives to promote workforce development (e.g., Partnerships for 21st Century Skills, 2009). While paramount to life success, effective strategies to facilitate these outcomes with fidelity require consideration of factors specific to curriculum, teacher quality, and assessment (Rotherham & Willingham, 2009). The availability of effective tools for teachers and researchers alike to facilitate the learning process is critical, especially given the challenge and required time investment inherent in collaborative work (Johnson, Al-Mahmood, & Maier, 2012).United States national educational standards and workforce policy initiatives specify the diverse skills needed by high school graduates to be college and career ready (Partnerships for 21st Century Skills, 2009; 21st Century Workforce Commission, 2000). Such frameworks seek to encourage a strong primary and secondary educational system to expose students to diverse, rich learning opportunities to build skills needed for life success. The frameworks advance strategies to produce students who are able to think critically, apply their knowledge and skills, and engage in higher-order processing of information across diverse areas (e.g., mathematics, science). For example, the 21st Century Workforce Commission's (2000) report identified a set of nine areas of "Keys to Success" to promote the technology literacies of emerging work to ensure graduating students have the knowledge and skills to succeed in an increasingly technologically driven age. The development, delivery, and evaluation of effective instructional strategies to promote students' learning outcomes to meet workforce demands requires the availability of psychometrically sound measures of targeted knowledge and skills to guide instructional and programmatic decisions. Wang, MacCann, Zhuan, Liu, and Roberts (2009) noted a considerable lack of measures to measure teamwork skills among high schools.In response to the limited availability of teamwork measures within high school settings, this study sought to investigate a downward extension of an existing teamwork instrument developed for college students (Imbrie, Maller, & Immekus, 2005). As described, the study addresses the call for continued research on how problem-based learning strategies are associated with students' development of collaboration and intrinsic motivation (Hmelo-Silver, 2004). Addressing how team-based inquiry influences such noncognitive learning outcomes as achievement motivation and institutional integration or connection in practice and research requires the availability of diverse assessment instruments that meet criteria of rigor and feasibility (Braverman, 2013). Empirical evidence from such inquiries has direct practical, research, and policy implications regarding the use of problem-based approaches to learning among high school students, especially among science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) focused high schools, which emphasize collaborative problem-based learning and projects.Conceptualizing teamworkHistorically, "industry"-type teams have provided a framework to examine teams in educational settings (e.g., classrooms). Guzzo (1986) characterized a team as a collection of individuals with a shared view that see themselves as a social entity. More specifically, Guzzo and Dickson (1996) characterized a team as a collection of persons considering themselves and are considered by others to function as a social group. This group is interdependent given the activities they engage in together. …


Vanadium phosphate films were deposited by a new process consisting of sequential exposures to trimethyl phosphate (TMP) plasma, O2 plasma, and either vanadium oxytriisopropoxide [VTIP, OV(O-i-Pr)3] or tetrakisethylmethylamido vanadium [TEMAV, V(NEtMe)4] as the vanadium precursor. At a substrate temperature of 300 °C, the decomposition behavior of these precursors could not be neglected; while VTIP decomposed and thus yielded a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition process, the author found that the decomposition of the TEMAV precursor was inhibited by the preceding TMP plasma/O2 plasma exposures. The TEMAV process showed linear growth, saturating behavior, and yielded uniform and smooth films; as such, it was regarded as a plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition process. The resulting films had an elastic recoil detection-measured stoichiometry of V1.1PO4.3 with 3% hydrogen and no detectable carbon contamination. They could be electrochemically lithiated and showed desirable properties as lithium-ion...


The present invention provides an organic light emitting element. The organic light emitting element is applied to an electronic device, comprising: an organic light emitting module; and a frame, covering the organic light emitting module, wherein the sealant has a portion exposed, the exposed portion is exposed to the outside of the electronic apparatus .


Electromagnetic dams (EMD) is a newly developed technology of side wall dam in the process of the twin roll strip continuous casting,whose key is the design of electromagnetic apparatus to gain a big enough magnetic field with reasonal distribution on the side wall of the melting bath.In this paper,the effects of various parameters on the EMD's magnetic field were calculated and analyzed based on the 2D model,including electric current,coil turns,iron core,roll rim,and air gap.The results show that the parameters are listed in an effective order as below:magnetic conductivity of roll rim,coil turn's number,air gap width,electric current density and iron core width.Those effects are basically linear except the air gap width.Therefore,the roll rim design and the number of coil turn and the current density are three important methods to increase the side confining magnetic field.


We consider a landing on an aircraft carrier. We propose a scheme for calculating the probability of go-around due to disengaging the arresting gear and a scheme for calculating the maximum descent of the aircraft trajectory with respect to the deck level immediately after leaving the deck. The main control parameter is the moment of increase in aircraft's thrust before touching the deck. The requirements imposed on the probability of go-around and the maximum descent of the aircraft trajectory determine the possible range for the moment of increase in aircraft's thrust. Proposing the scheme for calculating the probability of go-around, we use our previously obtained results related to finding the probability of a successful aircraft landing. We present the numerical results for the real aircraft when landing on the real aircraft carrier.


The goal of this project was to develop a thermal design methodology for electron guns using modern simulation tools. This consists of creating a detailed finite element model which would be able to predict gun thermal characteristics such as heater power required to produce a desired cathode temperature, warm-up characteristics of the gun, temperature distribution of internal components, and thermal expansion of critical gun components. This methodology is now currently being used at L-3 Electron Devices for all types of electron guns, including diode guns, gridded guns, adjustable perveance mini-tube guns, and large, high-power klystron guns


Editor—One of the priorities in the national service framework for coronary heart disease summarised by Mayor1 was "improved use of effective medicines after heart attack—especially aspirin, β blockers, and statins—so that 80-90% of people discharged from hospital after a heart attack will be prescribed these drugs." This is the recommendation in the executive summary, which taken at face value implies that all three drugs should be prescribed before a patient leaves hospital. In contrast, the recommendation in the main document is that aspirin and β blocker treatment should be started in hospital and statin treatment left for "continuing care."

Statin treatment was not started at the time of infarction in any of the large secondary prevention studies. The shortest times from infarction to inclusion were six months in the Scandinavian simvastatin survival study (4S),2 and three months in the cholesterol and recurrent events (CARE) study3 and the long term intervention with pravastatin in ischaemic disease (LIPID) study.4 Thus the common practice of starting treatment before discharge is not strictly evidence based and statin treatment may be harmful immediately after myocardial infarction. Starting treatment before discharge, however, ensures that the drug is prescribed and simplifies audit.

A further recommendation in the main document is "give statins to lower serum cholesterol concentrations either to less than 5 mmol/l (low density lipoprotein cholesterol below 3 mmol/l) or by 30% (whichever is greater)." I find this ambiguous because a percentage change cannot be compared to a concentration, but I presume that the intention is to exclude from treatment those with a total cholesterol concentration under 5 mmol/l on admission. An audit of my own patients with myocardial infarction showed that statin treatment was not appropriate in 22% for this reason.

The main document states that patients with acute myocardial infarction should usually receive the recommended interventions unless contraindicated. Surely all patients without intolerance or contradindications should receive aspirin and β blockers. Similarly, all patients with a total cholesterol concentration greater than or equal to 5 mmol/l should be treated with a statin, but they may number less than 80% of the total. Whether the 80-90% standard above applies to all patients or to those without contraindications is not clear.

These ambiguities need to be clarified or the results of comparative audit will be meaningless. The criteria for audit should be as rigorous as those for clinical trials.


Education within capitalism too often reproduces social and economic inequalities. Schools are depicted as failing and teachers are blamed. In this paper, I examine the discourses underlying this situation and the role of foundations in the US and the World Bank in developing countries in maintaining it. I look at the neoliberal remedy of privatization and the fundamental problems with capitalism. In conclusion, I consider alternatives to capitalism and within education.


This month's PACE Report focuses on being a leader and on leadership style. As engineering professionals, we all act as leaders in some form or another, and from time to time. Whether we are a CEO or a team leader, whether we are running a meeting or a project or acting as a mentor, every practicing engineer is a leader to someone, and needsbenefits from effective leadership skills at some point in hisiher career. Paying attention to our personal leadership style, working to improve our leadership abilities, and seeking to increase our leadership effectiveness ultimately helps to make all of us better engineers.


Processing device for plastic material, particularly thermoplastic, that comprises a comminution device with a cuvette supply placed in front, and an extruder immediately attached to plasticize and / or granular and in particular to agglomerate, in that the crushing device comprises a single processing drum (3) supporting a knife, which circulates propelled in a transport tube (6) arranged substantially horizontally, which is provided with a supply opening (11) open towards above and with an axial outlet opening (10) for the plastic material crushed, the drum processor (3) with its longitudinal axis (17) being arranged in alignment with the longitudinal axis (20) of the extruder worm (8 ), with a gear (31) and a drive motor (34) for driving the drum processor (3) and the extruder worm (8) joined together mechanically detachably, being joined together the outlet openings (10) of the transport tube (6) and the inlet opening (23) of tube worm (22) of the extruder worm (8), assigned axially one behind the other, through a transition tube (21) which is attached with a flange on the side of the outlet opening (10) of the transport tube (6) in the machine housing (13) of the comminuting device and on the side of the inlet opening (23) of the worm pipe (22) of the extruder screw thereto.


In the last decades, the world has begun to undergo a new technologically –driven revolution known as "the information age". This revolution is part of the long-term development of electronic communication technologies that includes the 19th and 20th century technologies but the last two decades have seen an explosive and unprecedented growth in these commonly called 'information and communication technologies'. What is remarkable about the current 'information technology' is the extraordinary rapidity of change it encapsulates. For despite all the utopian dreams, the information age has so far touched only a tiny minority of India's population. If only a small percentage of India's population of 100 crores has gained access of the information age, the question is how and whether the information age can improve the condition of life for the majority of the population. The question suddenly began to be asked with increasing urgency as the question of 'digital divide' became an important concern for developing countries like India wherein digital divide tends to separate the information-rich and poor, that is the division between those included in and excluded from the information age. With focusing on the causes resulting in digital divides, the paper then shifts its focus on how ICT's help bridge the digital divide faced by teacher educators and teachers, how in developing country like India ICT can increase equity and promote diversity. What is required 'technological' decision – making, a critical task if this digital divide is to be bridged? The paper concludes with the thought that ICT can reduce the digital divide if only we commit to that goal with the same intelligence and imagination that has gone into creating the technologies themselves.


the extent of web) (2). Computerized tomography and virtual endoscopy are newer modalities of assessment of laryngeal webs (3). The child had glottic web, subglottic stenosis, VSD, left side vocal cord paralysis and deletion at 22q11.2. Glottic webs have been reported in DiGeorge syndrome (Velocardiofacial syndrome) (4). The genetic basis is a chromosomal deletion at 22q11.2. A triad of congenital laryngeal web, cardiovascular anomalies and chromosome 22q11 deletion has been reported (5). Thus, we conclude that, in an infant having valvular heart disease, the presence of airway abnormalities should be considered before making the diagnosis of CHF because an extensively narrowed airway can lead to negative pressure pulmonary edema which mimics the signs and symptoms of CHF. Airway manipulation should be gentle so as not to convert partial obstruction to complete airway obstruction. Otolaryngologist should be consulted for airway evaluation and need for surgical airway access. Chromosomal analysis should be done in patients with laryngeal webs and definitive treatment for web should be undertaken if indicated. Rajeev Sharma Kirti Nath Saxena Asish Panda Amit Bhagwat Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Lok Nayak Hospital and associated Maulana Azad Medical college, New Delhi 110002, India (email: email@example.com)


In this work, we propose a sub-optimal aggregation approach for achieving stabilization and optimization of a class of linear systems with switched impulsive effect. A mixed time-driven and state-feedback switching mechanism is formulated, and we prove that the switching law is universal in the sense that any stabilizable system admits such a switching impulsive control law that makes the system stable. Furthermore, we modify the switching mechanism in a sub-optimal manner to improve the system performance.


Farmer's use of synthetic pesticides on rice is still high and therefore needs to be reduced. The study aims to examine the insecticidal activity of fermented C. gigantea and C. cujete extract mixture against pests and natural enemies and its impact on rice production. The extracts mixture was applied to the rice crop eight times with concentrations of 1%, 2.5%, 4.0% 5.5% and 7.5%. The results showed that all concentrations significantly reduced the S. Innotata and C. medinalis population and their damage intensity compared to the farmers' treatment. However, these extracts did not adversely affect natural enemies, like Coccinellidae, Aranea, Zygoptera and Paederinae families, and tended to increase rice production. Therefore, these data showed that the application of fermented two-extract combinations was effective in controlling rice pests without any impact on natural enemies.


Background and objective:  Stable asthma is characterized by the production of Th2 cytokines, although Th1 cytokines may play a key role in aspects such as airway hyper‐responsiveness. This study explored cytokine profiles associated with asthma exacerbation.


Previously, we found that N-polar (In,Ga)N/GaN quantum wells prepared on freestanding GaN substrates by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy at conventional growth temperatures of about 650 °C do not exhibit any detectable luminescence even at 10 K. In the present work, we investigate (In,Ga)N/GaN quantum wells grown on Ga- and N-polar GaN substrates at a constant temperature of 730 °C. This exceptionally high temperature results in a vanishing In incorporation for the Ga-polar sample. In contrast, quantum wells with an In content of 20% and abrupt interfaces are formed on N-polar GaN. Moreover, these quantum wells exhibit a spatially uniform green luminescence band up to room temperature, but the intensity of this band is observed to strongly quench with temperature. Temperature-dependent photoluminescence transients show that this thermal quenching is related to a high density of nonradiative Shockley-Read-Hall centers with large capture coefficients for electrons and holes.


The dielectric–metal–dielectric (DMD) sandwich structure is fabricated by the RF magnetron sputtering. The effects of sputtering voltage, thickness of the metal layer, and process temperatures on the optical, crystalline structure, and electrical properties of the zinc oxide (ZnO) films were investigated by UV–vis spectrometry, X-ray diffraction and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). Silver, copper and aluminum are used for the DMD sandwich metal layer in this research. The thickness of the dielectric films is decided by admittance loci analysis base on the selected metal characteristic. The optical average transmittance in the visible spectrum and bulk resistivity of the DMD with intermediate Ag layer can reach 85% and 3 × 10−5 Ω cm, respectively.


To the Editor: Sorafenib, an oral multitargeted kinase inhibitor affecting tumor cell angiogenesis and proliferation, is approved for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma, unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma, and differentiated thyroid carcinoma. However, approximately 70% to 80% of patients may experience cutaneous side effects with sorafenib,1-4 including hand-foot skin reaction (HFSR), rash and/or desquamation, alopecia, pruritus, xerosis, facial erythema, and subungual splinter hemorrhage. An increasing number of reports have shed light on a potential alteration in the keratinocyte differentiation and/ or proliferation pathways induced by sorafenib.2 We report a case of a patient who developed a perforating folliculitis–like reaction while taking sorafenib. A 55-year-old man with metastatic hepatocarcinoma presented with a chronic cutaneous eruption while taking sorafenib. Four months prior to presentation, pulmonary metastases prompted the initiation of sorafenib 200 mg twice daily. The dose was increased to 400 mg twice daily 15 days prior to consultation. Two weeks after sorafenib initiation, the patient began to develop HFSR with hyperesthesia, painful symmetric palmar and plantar erythema, and hyperkeratosis on the feet. Large, painful, erythematous papules developed on the legs and buttocks 6 weeks later. Examination revealed approximately 30 large, painful, erythematous papules with central follicular hyperkeratosis on the legs and buttocks (Figures 1 and 2). The eruption spared the face, the trunk, and the upper limbs. He also displayed painful palmar and plantar erythema with a notable patchy keratoderma, with inflammatory borders restricted to pressure areas (Figure 3) and multiple painless splinter subungual hemorrhages. Cutaneous swabs were negative, ruling out infectious folliculitis. Histologic examination showed excess keratin in the follicular orifice with a horny plug dilatating the follicle's infundibulum. A discrete inflammatory infiltrate was noted in the perifollicular area. The epidermis demonstrated hyperkeratosis and follicular plugging (Figure 4). Because of its clinical efficacy on hepatocarcinoma, sorafenib was maintained at the same dosage. Topical corticosteroid ointments with salicylic acid provided relief for HFSR symptoms. Local antibiotherapy with erythromycin did not improve folliculitis. A combination of topical corticosteroid and tretinoin was applied. The patient refused oral isotretinoin. The frequency of papular, pustular, cystic, and/ or keratotic eruption while taking sorafenib remains unknown2 but may be underreported. Hyperkeratotic folliculitis,2,5 keratosis pilaris,4 eruptive keratoacanthomas,6,7 and spiny follicular hyperkeratosis8 have been reported with sorafenib. Wolber et al9 reported a case of perforating folliculitis 5 months after initiation of sorafenib in a patient with renal cell carcinoma. Lesions improved with oral isotretinoin and cleared when sorafenib was withdrawn.9 MinamiHori et al10 reported a similar case of perforating Perforating Folliculitis–Like Reaction Related to Sorafenib


An extended laboratory method was developed to study the side‐effects of pesticides on plant‐dwelling, walking beneficial insects such as anthocorids, coccinellids and chrysopids. By using a glass funnel with a slippery surface, larvae of Anthocoris nemoralis, a natural enemy of pear psylla, stayed mainly on the treated plant surface and access to untreated surfaces was discouraged. The optimal ventilation produced a favourable environment and low mortality in the control. Tests with seven insecticides on the anthocorid larvae produced consistent toxicity results.


Widening participation in higher education has been a matter of priority for the Swedish government during recent years. One consequence has been an increase in policy and practice activity at nati ...


For a finite group [Formula: see text], we denote by [Formula: see text] the minimal degree of faithful permutation representations of [Formula: see text], and denote by [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], the minimal degree of faithful representation of [Formula: see text] by quasi-permutation matrices over the rational field [Formula: see text] and the complex field [Formula: see text], respectively. In this paper, we calculate [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for the groups of order [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is an odd prime.


We discuss the unique opportunities of introducing emerging two-dimensional (2D) materials as the fundamental building blocks for neuromorphic computing, namely synaptic devices, because of their remarkable scalability, transferability, flexibility, and photosensitivity. The 2D synaptic devices based on various mechanisms including charge storage, resistive switching and ferroelectricity are reviewed and compared. Additionally, the new research forefront on optical synaptic devices is introduced.


This paper examines the pronouns in Baoji dialect on the base of Sun Lixin's paper: "An Overview of the Pronouns in the Guanzhong Dialects",providing a supplement and correction to that paper.


Background/Aims: Many patients undergoing life-preserving haemodialysis are exposed to additional risks because access is via a central venous catheter (CVC). Despite a paucity of evidence, guidelines and policies dictated the use of transparent exit site wound dressings, which was contrary to local nurses' practice of using an opaque wound dressing. This study aimed to explore nurses' experiences with three types of CVC exit site dressings in the context of a randomised controlled trial (RCT). Methods: A descriptive exploratory design was used. Transcripts from seven focus groups held with haemodialysis nurses were analysed thematically. Results: Fifteen nurses, with varying haemodialysis experience, provided comments on the ease of applying and removing the dressings, problems encountered with the dressings, which dressing types they thought best or worst, and the value of having a specific work practice instruction developed for the RCT. It was clear that, although no dressing type was perfect, the opaque dressing was the best given the properties of the dressings, the patients' preferences, and the humid climate. Conclusion: The perspectives voiced by the focus group participants support the need to modify the local health service's policy, in line with revised state and national guidelines for this type of patient cohort, to allow for individual, contextual and climatic considerations.


A complete theory of a planar electrostatic velocity analyzer is developed for the case of a discriminating grid composed of parallel cylindrical wires. Exact solutions for the potential distribution inside the analyzer and for the depletion of the discriminating potential in the grid plane are calculated by means of a Schwarz–Christoffel transformation. It is shown that the dependence of the collector current on the discriminating voltage deviates from the simple exponential law. The analysis shows the following effects: a stretching and displacement of the V axis of the characteristics and a decrease of the collector saturation current. A new expression to calculate the plasma temperature from the characteristic curve is given.


Regional features in international legal regulation of labour have not been essential till recently. The existence of two parallel processes of universalization and regionalization is viewed in the terms of cooperation and lack of contradiction. Specific character of regional mechanisms created in European Union and Council of Europe gives ground to suppose that the balance of the universal and regional can be disrupted.


Art is a culture phenomenon constantly creating new ness and beauty.The traditional art thought,on the one hand,needs to be inherited.One the other hand,a new interpretation on the modern media needs to be explored.Net work is an important media format;and the influence of its development on the traditional culture is huge.Through the analyses of the traditional art theory,used in the outstanding cartoon website CHISO,this text explores the originality and context of the website cartoon design from the appreciation of the beauty,discusses the mixing of the new design style and traditional culture,pursues the high combination of function,culture and creation so as to realize true design innovation.


Object-oriented software systems, like all software systems, are not constructed in 'oneshot', but rather developed in an evolutionary way by prototyping models of the software systems and by restructuring and reprogramming existing design models during their whole life cycles. With this properties in mind, object-oriented software developers try to redesign components with minimal modifications on the class hierarchy so that components can be refined, reused and extended easily. In this paper, we present some design style rules for achieving validity and extensibility of a class hierarchy sturcture. We encourage to use the style rules as a means for validating quality of a class hierarchy, and for transforming a given objectoriented class hierarchy into a better one in terms of validity and extensibility of a class hierarchy structure


The burning of wood and bark residues in the North American pulp and paper industry generates approximately 1.3 million dry metric tonnes of ash annually (1 million tonnes in the US and 300,000 tonnes in Canada). Moreover, as more and more water treatment sludge is used in waste-to-energy systems, the amount of ash generated continues to increase. Most ash is disposed of in landfills or lagoons. The landfilling of ash consumes much space, as its bulk density is generally low (typically 0.3 kg/L). Landfilling can also result in leaching problems and special measures have to be taken to collect and treat the leachate. PyroGenesis has developed and patented a plasma gasification and vitrification process for ash (PAGV). The process utilises a graphite arc and metered addition of air and steam to convert the organic portion of ash into a synthesis gas and the inorganic portion into an inert slag. The furnace allows for a dual mode of operation: non-transferred arc mode for pre-heating the non-molten ash and transferred arc mode for continuous melting of the ash. The advantages of vitrification include a volume reduction of greater than 80% and a stabilization of the ash in a slag having very low leachability levels. In this process, the ash is treated immediately adjacent to its source at the plant. The arc furnace is installed as a new unit operation next to the main boiler. The ash is treated hot as it comes out of the boiler, thereby improving overall energy efficiency. The slag resulting from vitrification typically takes the form of vitreous rocks. The rocks can either be landfilled at much reduced cost or potentially used as a building material (e.g. aggregates or roadbed), thereby converting a waste into a useful product and eliminating landfilling completely. The organic content of the ash contributes to improving the energy efficiency of the arc furnace. Pulp and paper boiler ash has been shown to contain 7 to 50% unburned organics. The PAGV process recovers the energy present in the ash by gasifying the organic portion of the ash. The energy released by the gasification of the organics provides some of the energy required for vitrification and, more importantly, the resulting synthesis gas (mainly carbon monoxide and hydrogen) can be fed back to the main combustion unit for use as a fuel. A pilot plant capable of treating 50 kg/h of dry ash has been installed and tested for the purpose of demonstrating the process. Pilot plant trials were carried out to vitrify different types of ash obtained from Canadian pulp and paper mills. Measurements of leachability are presented. Synthesis gas composition measurements are underway, but are not presented in the current study.


A review of social science literatures demonstrates that attorneys' questions put words in witnesses' mouths. Questions shape answers through word choice, response framing, assumptions made, and form. Subtle changes in language influence how witnesses understand and answer questions. Response framing suggests and excludes answers, limiting the questions that are acceptable and influencing the answers witnesses provide. Presumptuous questions that are unbalanced (one-sided) and/or assumptive lead witnesses to think differently, and so respond differently. A question's form amplifies and diminishes tendencies witnesses have to agree or disagree, to speak openly or save face, and to feel threatened or comfortable. Changes in word choice, suggested responses, presumptions and form of questions affect answers witnesses provide.


City sculpture park combined constructing cultural environment with public landscape art,might be a reflect of popular aesthetic requirements developed.Whereas in recent years,some increasion of Sculpture Park sparked growing downfallen so that some suggestions were proposed from the difficult position of city sculpture park and developing strategies of city sculpture park in future analyzing.


Clones of Skeletonema costatum (Grev.) Cl. isolated from Narragansett Bay, R.I., during different seasons were grouped according to their electrophoretic banding patterns. The growth rates, pg chlorophyll · cell−1, carbon uptake · cell−1· h−1, and carbon uptake · pg chl−1· h−1 were measured at 20°C, in a 14:10 h L:D cycle at 180 μE · m−2· s−1. Statistically significant sources of variation were found among groups of clones in growth rate, pg chl · cell−1, and carbon uptake · pg chl−1· h−1. It was concluded that there is a significant relationship between the physiological characteristics of clones isolated from populations in different seasons and patterns of genetic variation inferred from the electrophoretic studies. However, genetic diversity detected by banding patterns tends to underestimate the total genetic diversity in natural populations. The groups of clones most common in summer bloom populations had significantly higher growth rates, lower values of pg chl · cell−1, and higher rates of carbon uptake · pg chl−1· h−1 at 20°C than did the group of clones most common in winter bloom populations. However, differences among groups in these parameters at 20°C alone cannot account for the seasonal cycling of genetically variable populations of Skeletonema in Narragansett Bay. The range of growth rates among clones of this species is 0.1–5.0 divisions · d−1 under a single set of temperature and light conditions. Chlorophyll concentrations range from 0.2–1.7 pg chl · cell−1 and carbon uptake · pg chl−1· h−1 varies by a factor of 7 among clones. The range of physiological variation in this species means that it is difficult to use laboratory studies of single clones to analyze the responses of natural populations of Skeletonema.


The Effects of Added Dietary Fat on Turkey Carcass Composition by Steven Ray Jensen, Master of Science Utah State University, 1979 Major Professor: Dr. Von T. Mendenhall Department: Nutrition and Food Sciences vi The turkey industry is concerned with the effects of added dietary fat on turkey carcass composition. Rations were formulated containing different levels of added dietary fat, both with and without an adjustment i n dietary protein level. Orlopp 91 tom turkeys were fed diets containing 2 percent added fat (control), 4 percent added fat (energy/protein ratio constant with the control), 6 percent added fat (energy/protein ratio constant with the control), and a diet containing 6 percent added fat with a higher energy/protein ratio than the control. Data collected in the study showed that the percent fat in the dry matter of the turkey carcass increased more as a result of increasing the nutrient density of the diet than by increasing the diet energy level alone. This finding is contrary to current feeding assumptions which state that carcass composition should not be affected by energy level if a constant energy/protein ratio is maintained . The most significant effects of added dietary fat on turkey carcass composition occurred in the viscera and the skin. Increased dietary fat level with an increase in dietary protein level to maintain the same energy/protein


and to condemn the latter as merely eclectic and derivative. Shih-t'ao and Pa-ta Shan-jen are rightly singled out for special treatment, but they fare little better. The former and Wang Hui are bracketed together as 1 formalists whose chief concern is with the quality of the strokes and the underlying structure of nature rather than with philosophical or narrative painting'. (Throughout the book, ' philosophical' means an art in which man is portrayed as insignificant before the vastness and splendour of nature.) A historian who sees Shih-t'ao as a, ' formalist' should hesitate before committing his views to paper. This is not a matter of subjective critical opinion. If his paintings themselves were not enough, Shih-t'ao's own writings, to which Professor Munsterberg briefly refers, offer the clearest evidence of his profoundly philosophical outlook. On the whole, the author's direct experience of Chinese landscape painting seems to be too limited for the task he has undertaken, and too often he is content with second-hand opinions. He is much more at home with Japanese landscape painting, of which he gives a succinct and generally balanced account, although perhaps a disproportionate amount of space is allotted to Hokusai and Hiroshige. At the end of it he writes, ' it is to the oil painter of the present that we must turn to conclude this study of the landscape ', but he goes on to say that modern oil painting is ' predominantly Western, and for this reason these artists will not be discussed here '. But some reference might have been made to the new school of wood-block printing, in which the Japanese landscape tradition has taken on new life under the impact of modern Western abstract art.


Summary Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (CDD) inhibits the expression of many blood group antigens of the human red cell. A notable exception is the ABO system. The alteration did not seem to be reversible by ordinary methods. Sialic acid blocks the effect of CDD and may indicate the structure of the terminal chemical configuration.