Recently we have given evidence for the presence of two interdependent activities in the endotoxin molecule.''2 The intrinsic or primary toxicity is believed to be associated with the lipid portion of the molecule. The secondary toxicity results from the acquisition of hypersensitivity by the host to some portion of the molecule, usually as a result of contact with intestinal flora or clinical and subclinical infections. We have continued to stress the interdependence of the primary and secondary toxic activities and the importance of taking into consideration the immunologic state of the host in any evaluation of the mechanism of endotoxin action. The ubiquity of so-called "natural antibodies", in nearly all animals, specific for the 0-determinant of Gram-negative bacterial endotoxins, and the similarity of some toxic manifestations of endotoxins with those associated with antigen-antibody reactions have led some investigators to suggest that endotoxins have no intrinsic or primary toxicity. Attempts have been made to explain all of the toxic reactions in terms of classical antigen-antibody reactions. In our study on the ontogeny of the immune response using germ-free neonatal colostrum-deprived piglets4 we have shown that this host has no detectable immunoglobulins. This was an ideal model, therefore, to test the importance of antigen-antibody reactions as mediators of primary toxic reactions by endotoxins. In the present discussion, evidence will be presented using this model to demonstrate a true intrinsic toxic reaction by endotoxins in the absence of detectable antibodies. Also, we have recently reviewed5 the immunological aspects of pyrogenic tolerance to endotoxins and presented evidence2 that this tolerance results from the acquisition of classical immune mechanisms and not as a result of nonspecific increase in the reticuloendothelial system alone or of other nonspecific mechanisms. Immunoglobulins of the 19s class associated with the 0specific antibodies, but distinct from them, can passively immunize animals both to the pyrogenic and lethal activities of endotoxins. We have stressed5 the fact that the sugar determinants of the 0-specific polysaccharide are not functional in the toxophore group of endotoxins, and therefore antibodies directed toward these determinants will not neutralize the 3


The title of this final report is the applicatioan of financial compensation and non-financial compensation to the PT MANK KA Palembang. The objectives this final report were to know how the Application of the financial compensation and non-financial compensation to the PT MANK KA Palembang. For that the writer using some research methodology likes observations and distribution questions to thirty-two employees. From the analysis data that the Application of the financial compensation and non-financial compensation to the PT MANK KA Palembang . It looks from the component of compensation that showed for the first Salary (68,75 percent), Wage (43,75percent), Incentive (37,5percent), and Inderect beneficts (allowance) (87,5percent). The conclusion is the application of the compensation in the form of salary allowance is already good, but the application of wages and incentives are not in accordance with the existing theory as seen from the questionnaires and interviews that we have analysis. So should the application of financial compensation in the form of wages and incentives in order to improve and motivate the employees in the work over again, while the financial compensation in the work over again, while the financial compensation in the form of salaries and allowances of its application should be maintained and continuously improved only.


Dissertation. SPb.1901.
The author made an observation of the new anestheticum proposed in the beginning of the 90s - tropocaine, which, according to Ziebermann, consisted of benzoic acid and pseudotropein; for use in medical practice, the hydrochloric acid salt of this alkaloid is recommended.


We have demonstrated the lasing of poly(3-alkylthiophene) thin films in microcapillaries. The microcavities in the microcapillaries have excellent advantages over conventional microrings. The inner emission layer is covered and protected from the outside environment only by enclosing glass tube. A high-quality polymer thin film could be obtained by spontaneous capillary action at the inside surface of the microcapillary. We also compared the microcapillary with conventional microring structures by spectral analysis using a Fourier transform.


We describe our approach to the ImageCLEF Photo and WikiMediaMM 2008 tasks. The novelty of our method consists of combining image segment based image retrieval with our text based approach. We rank text hits by our own Okapi BM25 based information retrieval system and image similarities by using a feature vector describing the visual content of image segments. Images were segmented by a home developed segmenter. We use automatic query expansion by adding new terms from the top ranked documents. Queries were generated automatically from the title and the downweighted description words.


The extensive use of social media platforms and overwhelming amounts of imagery data creates unique opportunities for sensing, gathering and sharing information about events. One of its potential applications is to leverage crowdsourced social media images to create a tapestry scene for scene analysis of designated locations and time intervals. The existing attempts however ignore the temporal-semantic relevance and spatio-temporal evolution of the images and direction-oriented scene reconstruction. We propose a novel social-sensor cloud (SocSen) service composition approach to form tapestry scenes for scene analysis. The novelty lies in utilising images and image meta-information to bypass expensive traditional image processing techniques to reconstruct scenes. Metadata, such as geolocation, time, and angle of view of an image are modelled as non-functional attributes of a SocSen service. Our major contribution lies on proposing a context and direction-aware spatio-temporal clustering and recommendation approach for selecting a set of temporally and semantically similar services to compose the best available SocSen services. Analytical results based on real datasets are presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed approach.


The purpose of the article is to study the modern comparative approach to determining the influence of the level of the legal protection of public morality on the axiological component of legal relations and law enforcement activities in Ukraine within the framework of theoretical and legal discourse. As a result of the conducted analysis, it is necessary to state that the axiology of legal relations in society in the general system of coordinates and interaction with other types of social relations is permanently permeated by the categories of social morality. At most, morality is a system of principles, and a spindle of social principles, which permeates all types of social relations without exception, is the starting point for their generally human and philosophical qualification, a marker of compliance with the needs of modernity. The article establishes that law enforcement activity is a special type of social relations, since on the one hand it interacts prominently with society, the widest circle of legal subjects, almost without exception, on the other hand, it is a narrow-profile, specialized activity of persons authorized to do so. Therefore, it was established that the law enforcement sphere is at the same time the so-called issuer, creator, and developer of moral principles, as rule narrow-branch ones, which, at the same time, clearly intersect and interact with general social principles, complementing each other, penetrating into other spheres of sectoral social relations, supplementing them, changing, transforming legal validity, etc. It was established that the level of public morality of law enforcement officers directly affects the state of compliance with public morality by civil society, and vice versa: the level of public morality of society draws a demarcation line for the system of permissible worldview and behavioral principles of law enforcement agencies. At most, it seems quite obvious that one of the most effective means of acceptance by law enforcement agencies of values, principles, ideas, and norms of public morality is the maximum integration of law enforcement agencies into the social, human plane, their immersion in the urgent needs of society, its requests, the spirit of the law as much as possible, to which it aspires. At the same time, the so-called "humanization" of law enforcement agencies is, on the one hand, a demand of society for the law enforcement system and, at the same time, a guarantee of the protection of public morality, because only humanized law enforcement agencies are able to ensure and guarantee the specified process.


I read with interest 'Cost-effectiveness of multisystemic therapy versus usual treatment for young people with antisocial problems' (Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, DOI: 10.1002/cbm.1988). The basic cost analysis showing that multisystemic therapy (MST) is less expensive than treatment as usual (TAU) is encouraging. However, the subsequent incremental cost-effectiveness analysis seems unwarranted, given the lack of significant differences in any of the outcomes between the MST and TAU conditions. Statistical significance is a necessary (albeit not sufficient) condition for practical significance, as it provides some assurance that the observed effect sizes are real, as opposed to being merely sampling fluctuations around a zero population value. Here, therefore, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio essentially does not exist, given that the denominator (i.e. the effect size or impact) is a chance deviation from zero. Thus, inference about dominance of MST over TAU on the basis of this analysis seems inappropriate. I invite further comment on these issues.


The Future Combat System (FCS) is the U.S. Army's multiyear, multibillion dollar program at the heart of the Army's transformation efforts. The FCS program exists in a dynamic national security environment which could significantly influence the program's outcome. The FCS is experiencing a number of program development issues - with some technologies advancing quicker than anticipated, others progressing along predicted lines, while still others not meeting the Army's expectations. Congress, in its authorization, appropriation, and oversight roles may wish to review the FCS program in terms of its capabilities and program costs.


We discuss the results of a recent effort to analyze the mechanical stability of dust aggregates with a detailed model of the physical properties of a contact between grains. This model contains both elastic repulsion forces and attractive van der Waals/dipole/metallic forces along with a description of the energy dissipation due to rolling, sliding, and breaking of contacts. We find that (1) aggregates formed from single sized grains via Particle-Cluster-Aggregation remain fluffy, (2) collisions with other aggregates and with large grains may lead to compaction (3) the velocities of small grains and aggregates in the early solar nebula are too small to produce marked compaction as long as the aggregates are small, and (4) internal restructuring of aggregates is a potentially large sink of energy which could enable the sticking of large bodies even at collision velocities of the order of several hundred cm/s.


Incorporated radionuclides are excreted from the body by naturally-occurring processes. Some radionuclides, however, are retained for very long periods by tissues such as bone and liver. The objective of successful therapy is to block the uptake of radionuclides from the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, or to prevent circulating radionuclides from reaching critical tissues. It is essential, therefore, for the clinician to have a rapid means of identifying the contaminating material and to have some knowledge of its solubility before planning treatment. Many techniques and therapeutic agents have been claimed to be totally or partially successful when tried out in experimental animals, but few of these procedures have been used effectively in man. Some success has been achieved by the use of Prussian Blue in blocking the gastrointestinal uptake of radiocaesium; in blocking the uptake of radioiodines by the thyroid gland with stable iodide; and in the complexation of circulating transuranium and lanthanide elements with chelating agents, thereby enhancing their renal excretion. The author discusses some of the problems in assessing the magnitude of an accidental intake and summarises the treatments used.


In 2019–2020, the COVID threat has changed ordinary life in many countries, including Russia The fear of epidemic has affected people's condition and caused anxiety Many people have found themselves isolated, unable to leave their homes and go to work, which further increased tensions Those minors, who were shifted to distance learning format and forced to stay at home, also felt vulnerable The specialists of the "helpline" note growing number of calls, including those related to family and child-parental conflicts The author organized a series of expert webinars, where the features of restorative practices and online mediation were discussed The participants were practicing mediators, restorative justice specialists, children's helpline psychologists, members of the All-Russian Association for Restorative Mediation, and other specialists from Russia, Latvia and Ukraine The results of these discussions have formed this research The most important result is that when it is impossible to use the means of face-to-face communication, then the mediator (facilitator) needs to develop and master other methods and techniques for successful communication management, as well as trust and sincerity between the participants Let us imagine it in a way: an author of a fiction book and a director of a film based on the same book will use different means to convey its meaning and states of the participants, but in the book through descriptions, and in the film through music and other cinematographic techniques, there will be a single content and the essence of the work The ideas and recommendations for online mediation described here can be useful not only for the isolation period, but also when working with those people who are difficult to access directly For example, for those who live in closed institutions: hospitals, specialized educational institutions, temporary detention centers, penal institutions with remote location without an opportunity to come to a meeting, homeschooled students and their parents, if the parties do not want to communicate in direct contact with the members of network communities, etc Moreover, Russia has already such experience and it needs to be expanded further © Siberian Federal University All rights reserved


The Saka of the Aral Sea region are considered as one of the components of the communities of the nomads of the Southern Urals. A sample of 192 anthropological analyses was studied to determine the nature of the migration of the cattle-breeding population of the Aral Sea region to the Southern Ural steppes. The analysis showed the absolute quantitative predominance of male burials in the late 6th–5th century BC and an equal number of men and women in the burials of the late 5th — 4th century BC. This ratio suggests that the initial development of the steppes of the Southern Urals was carried out mainly by male cattle-breeding teams. The occupation of the steppes could become the basis for the growth of the number of cattle grazed and an increase in the nomadic populations. The further successful functioning of the society was possible with the normalization of its social structure, which was achieved, in particular, through the inclusion of women into the cattle-breeding groups. Thus a society with a complex social hierarchy was formed. This process probably occurred during the 5th century BC and was completed by the 4th century BC. One of the probable reasons for the occupation of the steppes of the South Urals by cattle-breeding groups from the Aral Sea region with their transformation into a society with a hierarchical structure was the expansion of the Achaemenid state to the borders of the territory of the cattle-breeding tribes of Central Asia with their involvement in the system of socio-economic relations with this Empire.


Our initial work in Greenland with ERS- I SAR imagery led to the discovery of a large ice stream which carries much of the ice discharge from the northeast quadrant of the ice sheet. The ice stream was identified based on the morphology of the surface, which indicated the influence of localized rapid ice flow. Continued investigations using repeat-pass interferometry from ERS-1 and ERS-2 have allowed us to determine the character of the rapid motion, mapping the onset region in the deep interior of the ice sheet as well as more rapid motion downstream. Markers have been placed on the ice sheet and are being tracked with GPS surveys to provide tie-points for the interferometry, which will allow us to determine absolute velocities in this very remote area. This work will help us understand the history of the ice in this region, which includes the core site for a new European deep coring effort. Ice streams are the main conduit for rapid ice discharge from ice sheets and are one possible mechanism by which ice sheets could quickly affect global sea level.


Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of at least 10 isozymes involved in the activation of different signal transduction pathways. The exact function of these isozymes is not known at present. Isozyme-selective inhibitors would be important to explain the function of the different PKCs and are anticipated to have pharmaceutical potential. Here we report that the small organic molecule BAS 02104951 [5-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethylene)-1-(phenylmethyl)-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-pyrimidinetrion], a barbituric acid derivative, inhibited PKCη and PKCε in vitro (IC(50) 18 and 36 µM, respectively). BAS 02104951 also inhibited the interaction of PKCε with its adaptor protein receptor for activated C-kinase 2 (RACK2) (IC(50) 28.5 µM). BAS 02104951 also inhibited 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced Elk-1 phosphorylation in HeLa cells, translocation of PKCε and PKCη to the membrane following treatment of PC3 cells with TPA. The compound did not inhibit the proliferation of PC3 and HeLa cells. BAS 02104951 can be used as selective inhibitor of PKCε in cells not expressing PKCη and may serve as a basis for the rational development of a selective inhibitor of PKCε or PKCη, or for an inhibitor of the PKCε/RACK2 interaction.


Plant regeneration of Pulsatilla koreana was achieved via adventitious shoot formation indirectly from callus and directly from adventitious root segments. For the callus induction from leaf or petiole explants, combination of 2,4- dichlorophenoxyaceticacid (2,4-D) with 6-benzyladenine (BA) was effective. Adventitious shoot induction from callus was enhanced by the combined treatment with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) compared to cytokinin treatment alone. Adventitious roots were induced from the petiole segments on 1/2 MS medium with IBA. High frequency direct adventitious shoot formation from the segments of adventitious roots was achieved on medium with 2-isopentenyladenine (2-ip). Elongated shoots were rooted on half-strength MS medium containing indole acetic acid (IAA). Regenerated plantlets with well-developed shoots and roots were successfully transferred to soil. This in vitro propagation protocol might be useful for mass propagation as well as conservation of this plant.


Objective: To evaluate the reliability of the Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire (ECBQ)-very short form, Thai version; and to investigate Thai toddlers' temperamentsMaterials and Methods: The English version of the very short form ECBQ was translated into Thai language. The primary caregivers of 360 healthy, 18-36 months old children, were asked to fill the questionnaire from the period of April, 2018 to June, 2019. The scores were calculated to determine the child's temperament. The reliability of the very short form ECBQ- Thai version was assessed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient for internal consistency and Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for inter-rater reliability, two-week and six-month test-retest reliability.Results: The Cronbach's alpha coefficients were 0.627-0.692, which indicated questionable internal consistency, but almost reach those of the original ECBQ. The inter-rater ICCs were 0.463-0.670, which were comparable to those in the original English version. The two-week ICCs were 0.602-0.750, which indicated moderate reliability, whereas the six-month ICCs decreased to 0.459-0.602. However, these values almost reached those of the original English version. Most toddlers were reported to have a surgency temperament. Boys significantly had more surgency temperament and had higher mean surgency scores, whereas girls exhibited a more effortful-control temperament.Conclusion: The very short-form ECBQ, Thai version can be implemented in assessing Thai toddlers' temperament. The majority of Thai toddlers in this study demonstrated surgency temperament. Boys tended to be more surgency, while girls tended to be more effortful control.


This paper discusses some issues currently preoccupying social scientists with respect to the process of development and its implications for Third World countries. These issues have become highly significant considering the momentum and nature of the development process being launched in the so-called "underdeveloped" world, within the context of modern nation-states. Therefore, in this paper, we seek to identify:


Like many other countries around the world, Romania faces a number of challenges that impose a flexible workforce able to meet the labor market demand and eager to participate in lifelong learning programs to keep pace with modern economic and technological changes. In this regard, according to the strategy of the Ministry of National Education, quality management in pre-university education is a desideratum that ensures the quality of education and refers to the following areas and criteria: the institutional capacity resulting from the internal organization and the available infrastructure, defined by the institutional, administrative and managerial structures, material basis and especially through human resources; educational effectiveness consisting of mobilizing resources in order to achieve the expected learning outcomes, materialized in the content and flexibility of study programs, learning outcomes, methodical or research work and the financial activity of the organization; quality management that results in the establishment of strategies and procedures for quality assurance, the initiation, monitoring and periodic review of study programs, the implementation of objective and transparent procedures for assessing the learning outcomes and the quality of the teaching staff, the accessibility of adequate learning resources, information of public interest, the formation of a positive image in the external environment and, last but not least, the functioning of the structures for assuring, implementing and evaluating the quality of education, according to the legislation in force.


A new method for analyzing overconstrained mechan isms is presented in this paper according to the kinematic compatibility criteri on of single-opened-chains(SOCs). This criterion states that if for any value of an active input, two SOCs have the same distances and angles between two end ing axes of each SOC, and the difference of axis-lengths corresponding to each hand-side for two SOCs is kept constant, then the two SOCs can be combined toge ther as one closure loop which is an overconstrained mechanism. This method is s imple and quite different from other methods because the input-output relations hip of variables can be obtained during overconstraint analysis. In order to fin d overconstrained mechanisms, we can begin with parts of compatibility condition s to obtain some kinematic relationships, so that the input-output law and the overconstraint conditions satisfying all compatibility relationship could be giv en. With this method, 4R overconstrained mechanisms is proved, and also a 4R2P o verconstrained mechanism is determined.


A modern intermodal timetable structure relies on three basic factors: the periodicity, the symmetry and the everywhere-to-everywhere connection system at the network nodes. In the first part, the paper defines the role of these factors in an integrated timetable structure and presents the standard values for the parameters used in the united European timetable structure. The second part presents the basic requirements and some details of an adaptation of the united European structure for the Hungarian railway network.


A playa wetland's ability to retain moisture and water has the greatest influence on the ecological and hydrological functionality of the playa. In this project, Landsat TM/ETM+ satellite imagery was analyzed to determine whether it could be used to detect hydrological functionality of playa wetlands based on their temporal ability to retain soil moisture and water. The project consisted of a ground truth study in which soil moisture, water content, and vegetation data was gathered from the area and related to the satellite imagery pixel values. With this data, a maximum likelihood classifier was created using the mean pixel values and standard deviations of each ground truth wetness category, creating a threshold of values for each wetness category. Based on the results of this study, it was determined from the final analysis that with the correct weather conditions, and accurate rainfall data; Landsat TM/ETM+ band 5 data is capable of detecting a temporal difference in moisture and water presence between undisturbed, disturbed, and altered playa wetlands.


The design of RF coils for MRI transmit becomes increasingly challenging at high frequencies required for MRI at 7T and above. Our goal is to show a proof of principle of a new type of transmit coil for higher field strengths.


From the surface of a subject to perform delivery of at least one substance (15) into a subject, a system suitable for fixed substantially adjacent to the surface of the subject. The system includes at least one of the at least one opening for receiving the ultrasonic transmission (9). At least one substance (15) is releasably secured substantially adjacent to at least one opening (19). To perform delivery of at least one substance (15) from the surface of the subject, to convey at least one transmitted to the at least one substance (15), acoustic membrane (11 for at least one opening (19) ) are arranged.


Common envelope (CE) systems are the result of Roche lobe overflow in interacting binaries. The subsequent evolution of the CE, its ejection, and the formation of dust in its ejecta while the primary is on the red giant branch (RGB) gives rise to a recently identified evolutionary class—dusty post-RGB stars. Their spectral energy distributions (SEDs) suggest that their mass-ejecta are similar to dusty post-asymptotic giant branch (post-AGB) stars. We have modeled the SEDs of a select sample of post-RGB and post-AGB stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud, quantified the total dust mass (and gas mass assuming gas-to-dust ratio) in the disks and shells and set constraints on the dust grain compositions and sizes. We find that the shell masses in the post-RGBs are generally less than those in post-AGBs, with the caveat that substantial amount of mass in both types of objects may lie in cold, extended shells. Our models suggest that circumstellar disks, when present, are geometrically thick structures with a substantial opening angle, consistent with numerical simulations of CE evolution (CEE). Comparison of our model dust masses with the predictions of dust production during CEE on the RGB suggest that CEE occurred near or at the tip of the RGB for our post-RGB sources. A surprising result is that some post-RGB stars harbor carbon-rich dust, believed to form when C/O > 1, e.g., following triple-alpha nucleosynthesis and third dredge-up events in AGB stars. This anomaly strengthens the hypothesis that dusty post-RGBs are born in binary systems.


Gas turbine blade tips encounter large heat load as they are exposed to the high temperature gas. A common way to cool the blade and its tip is to design serpentine passages with 180-deg turns under the blade tip-cap inside the turbine blade. Improved internal convective cooling is therefore required to increase the blade tip life time. This paper presents numerical predictions of turbulent fluid flow and heat transfer through two-pass channels with and without guide vanes placed in the turn regions using RANS turbulence modeling. The effects of adding guide vanes on the tip-wall heat transfer enhancement and the channel pressure loss were analyzed. The guide vanes have a height identical to that of the channel. The inlet Reynolds numbers are ranging from 100,000 to 600,000. The detailed three-dimensional fluid flow and heat transfer over the tip-walls are presented. The overall performances of several two-pass channels are also evaluated and compared. It is found that the tip heat transfer coefficients of the channels with guide vanes are 10∼60% higher than that of a channel without guide vanes, while the pressure loss might be reduced when the guide vanes are properly designed and located, otherwise the pressure loss is expected to be increased severely. It is suggested that the usage of proper guide vanes is a suitable way to augment the blade tip heat transfer and improve the flow structure, but is not the most effective way compared to the augmentation by surface modifications imposed on the tip-wall directly.Copyright © 2011 by ASME


these responses is high, typically only 5-20% of patients demonstrate a response to any given antigen, which has limited the usefulness of single antigen responses as biomarkers. The recent development of protein microarrays may offer an ideal tool for screening for immune response to tumor antigens. These arrays offer the advantage that hundreds to thousands of different proteins can be printed and screened simultaneously and only require a few microliters of serum per assay.


Transforming waste material into a value-added product has been a challenge in several aspects, legal, academic, economic, and environmental. Tucumã is a fruit widely consumed by the people of the Amazon region, offering this alternative for using the waste generated by it is to provide a source of income for tucumã producers in the northern region of Brazil. To obtain results on yields and reactions that transform tucumã waste into biodiesel, �rst the seed oil was extracted by decoction, followed by conjugated process. The thermal cracking reaction, produced smaller chains than the raw material, followed by the esteri�cation reaction applying heterogeneous catalysis using aluminum oxide. These processes transform the tucumã waste into esters similar to biodiesel compounds, the products were characterized by techniques such as gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GCMS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), achieving a yield in the conversion of tucumã seed oil into methyl esters (biodiesel), above 90%, in addition, we reached speci�c mass parameters of 863 Kg/m 3 and viscosity of 4.3 mm 2 /s, data that allow us to a�rm that the application of conjugated reactions of this material as fuel meets the product speci�cations, providing added value. The data generated in this work will make it possible to open space for the studies of these processes on a pilot scale, which will enable local energy autonomy regarding the use of biodiesel.


We apply virtual reality headsets with eye tracking capabilities to evaluate new training methods for patients living with loss of peripheral vision ("tunnel vision"). It can be shown that systematic gaze patterns, taught in a virtual reality environment, are able to significantly increase the effectively perceived visual area of the participants as well as reduce the number of obstacle collisions in navigation tasks.


The voltage produced when direct current flows through a cylindrical sample in the intermediate state was measured. A perturbation of a constant uniform magnetic field, periodic along the cylinder axis, was produced on the sample surface. An additional voltage, due to the motion of the intermediate state in the inhomogeneous field, then appeared on the ends of the sample. In the case of a perturbation moving uniformly along the cylinder axis, the additional voltage was determined by the difference between the perturbation velocity and the drift velocity of the local structure distortions. The additional voltage vanished when these velocities were equal. This has made it possible to measure the dependence of the drift velocity on the current through the sample. The drift velocity, in agreement with the theory, turned out to be proportional to the current density and independent of the configuration of the normal and superconducting layers.


The total flow chart of iron and steel industry was introduced, with emphasis on usage of motors. For controlling motor, AC frequency variable technology was recommended to reach object of energy saving. The developing situation and trend of frequency control of motor speed in iron and steel industry were analyzed. The typical application of AC inverter in master operation of iron and steel industry was introduced.


A reversible syndrome of headache, altered mental status, seizures, and cerebral visual abnormalities has been described in adults and children with hypertension, eclampsia, treatment with cyclosporin after organ transplantation, and interferon therapy.1-5 Neuroradiologic studies suggest predominantly posterior white matter abnormalities. Therefore, the syndrome has been referred to as reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy (RPL).

We present a child with AIDS and RPL. We suggest that the brain is affected in a more extensive way and that both gray and white matter are involved.

Case report. We report a girl with perinatal HIV infection untreated with antiretroviral medications until her first admission at the age of 12 years with Pneumocystic carinii pneumonia and disseminated mycobacterium avium intracellularae. She was severely immunosuppressed (CD4 = 1%, absolute 10, viral load 28,890 RNA copies/mL). Neurologic, cognitive, and ophthalmologic examinations were normal. She was doing well academically. Brain CT demonstrated diffuse atrophy. Antiretroviral therapy was begun, with improvement of CD4 values and reduction in viral load to …


Over half of the world's rice in grown under rainfed conditions where drought occurs. Drought stress is a major constraint to rice (Oryza sativa L.) production and yield stability in many rainfed regions of Asia, Africa and South America. In Asia nearly 40% of the rainfed rice grown under rainfed upland conditions. Under water stress condition, the most effective defense mechanism available to the rice plant is a good root system, consisting of deep and mostly thick roots which enable the plant to An attempt was made to evaluate eighteen physio-morphological traits and grain yield in eighteen genotypes of upland rice under irrigated and flowering stage drought condition. High estimates of phenotypic (PCV) and genotypic (GCV) coefficient of variation were observed for sterile grains per panicle, grain yield apparent contribution rate, water potential, straw yield and total biomass at maturity in drought stress condition. Fourteen out of nineteen characters under study showed higher PCV and GCV values in drought condition as compared to corresponding estimates in irrigated condition which indicated that water stress was responsible for expressing greatest degree of variability in case of most of the physio-morphological traits in the same material. High estimates of heritability in broad sense coupled with high genetic advance in per cent of mean were recorded for water potential, fertile grains per panicle, sterile grains per panicle, straw yield, total biomass at flower total biomass at maturity, ACR, root length, root volume and grain yield in both conditions and panicle length, ATR, membrane thermo stability and root dry weight in drought conditions only. The physico-morphological traits exhibiting high heritability and genetic advance would provide high response to selection practiced for their improvement. K e y w o r d s


The political situation in Vyatka province in the end of spring and in the summer of 1918 is analysed in this article. The specific forms of realization of the Bolshevik policy of government centralization are revealed.


Probabilistic context free grammars (PCFGs) and similar models make use of probability theory and therefore depend on numeric calculations. In particular, the Data-Oriented-Parsing (DOP) model from [1] uses the relative probability of subtrees to determine preferred derivations and thereby preferred trees for given sentences. This motivates criticism of its cognitive realism from both philosophical and mathematical-computational perspectives. The question arises whether such models can be reformulated without the usage of numeric probabilities. Inspired by a general research question from [7] we will try to capture the exact role of probabilities in DOP and investigate the question whether we can replace its numeric calculations with other, non-numeric structures. We show the negative result that simple linear orderings will not suffice as a replacement. Trying to "repair" their failure we introduce and investigate the idea of meta-orderings and state further questions they create.


Spanish-language media in Morocco represent currently an almost unexplored field of research. The present contribution is centred on some aspects of postcolonial (and even, in a large sense, "colonial", since we take into account online documents from the Spanish "presidios" on the Mediterranean coast as well) discours formations in the Spanish-language "blogosphere". While discourses focused on postcolonial topics in French blogs have already been analyzed (Torterat, forthcoming), investigations of a similar orientation do not seem to have been carried out on our research object.


PURPOSE
During the early phase of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU), before macrophages infiltrate the retina and uvea, photoreceptor mitochondrial oxidative stress, nitration of photoreceptor mitochondrial proteins, and release of cytochrome c have been observed. However, no apoptosis has been detected during this phase. In this study, alphaA-crystallin upregulation in the retina and its antiapoptotic protective role were evaluated in early EAU.

METHODS
Gene microarrays were first used to identify upregulated genes in retinas with early EAU. Among highly upregulated crystallins, alphaA was confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot, and the site of upregulation was localized by immunohistochemistry. The association of alphaA-crystallin to nitrated cytochrome c and interaction with a procaspase-3 subunit was assayed. Photoreceptor apoptosis in alphaA knockout mice was compared with that in wild-type animals with EAU, by using the terminal transferase dUTP nick-end labeling assay and polymerase chain reaction.

RESULTS
In early EAU, alphaA-crystallin was increased 33-fold, and the site of increase was localized to the photoreceptor inner segments. This crystallin suppressed apoptosis by associating with the nitrated cytochrome c and p24. The association with nitrated cytochrome c, in particular, appeared to be restricted to nitrated cytochrome c, and thus, no association of non-nitrated cytochrome c was detected. The knockout mice showed signs of EAU development early and showed apoptosis in the retina; no such changes were seen in the wild-type control animals.

CONCLUSIONS
alphaA-Crystallin is highly upregulated in the retina during early EAU. This upregulation is localized primarily in the photoreceptor inner segments, the site of mitochondrial oxidative stress. Further, in early EAU, the photoreceptors preferentially use alphaA-crystallin to suppress mitochondrial oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis.


This paper began with experiments using the computer algebra system Mathe? matica to draw trochoids, the kinds of curves produced by the Spirograph? drawing sets. If two tangent circles have their centers on the same side of the common tangent line, and one circle remains fixed while the other is rolled around it without slipping, a hypotrochoid is traced by any point on a diameter or extended diameter of the rolling circle. If two tangent circles have their centers on opposite sides of the common tangent line, and one circle remains fixed while the other is rolled around it without slipping, an epitrochoid is traced by any point on a diameter or extended diameter of the rolling circle. A hypocycloid is a hypotro? choid for which the tracing point is on the circumference of the rolling circle, and an epicycloid is an epitrochoid for which the tracing point is on the circumference of the rolling circle. The term trochoid is used to refer to either a hypotrochoid or an epitrochoid. Either radius, but not both, can be infinite, so that cycloids and trochoids obtained by rolling a circle along a straight line, and also certain spirals and involutes are covered by the nomenclature, but in this paper we shall assume both radii are finite. The Spirograph? produces graphs of trochoids using toothed disks and rings to prevent slipping, but because none of the holes for the pen reach the circumference of the disks, the Spirograph? cannot be used to draw true hypocycloids or epicycloids. Since the graph of a trochoid depends on four parameters that are fixed and one that is variable, all these quantities will be part of the notation. The hypotrochoid denoted by hy[t;n,m,r,a] is generated by a rolling (moving) circle of radius m and a fixed (rconmoving) circle of radius n, with rm the distance from the center of the rolling circle to the tracing point. Assume the center of the fixed circle is at the origin and denote the initial position of the tracing point (and the center of the


This study is based on a survey carried out by the longliner "Shengliancheng 719" in waters near Marshall Islands from Oct,2006 to May,2007.Based on the survey data collected by "Shengliancheng 719" at 43 sampling stations,the vertical profile data of temperature,salinity,dissolved oxygen concentration and the catch rate data of blue shark were applied to develop the "Integrated Habitat Index(IHI)" models by the quantile regression method.Models were developed for six water strata from 40 m to 280 m(40 m each)and the entire water column to understand the blue shark's spatial distribution.Models were developed with the consideration of interactions among environmental variables.IHI model of the entire water column was developed using the weighted average temperature,salinity,dissolved oxygen concentration and the thermocline parameters,such as,upper-limit depth,lower-limit depth,upper-limit temperature,lower-limit temperature,intensity,thickness,temperature difference.Models of five water strata from 40 m to 240 m and the entire water column were reasonably developed.The measured environmental variables at 43 sampling stations were input into the IHI models to predict the IHI of five strata and the entire water column.The paired two sample t-test was used to calculate the Poisson correlation coefficients between predicted IHI and observed catch per unit effort(CPUE)of five strata and the entire water column.The Poisson correlation coefficients were assumed to indicate the predictive power of the IHI model.The trend line of the arithmetic average about the predicted IHI of five strata was compared with those of the catch rates in the specific depth stratum.The measured environmental variables at the other 18 sampling stations were used to validate the models' predictive power.These data were input into the CPUE models to predict the CPUE of five strata and the entire water column.A comparison between the predicted and observed catch rates at five strata and the entire water column was conducted by a paired two sample t-test to validate the IHI models.The results showed:(1) the predicted CPUE had greater relevance to the observed CPUE,the models' predictive power was good;(2) the key environmental parameters in the IHI models differed among the depth strata.This might be resulted from the blue shark's specific biology characteristic,the different ecological factors,and the different life stages of blue shark;(3) the blue sharks' IHIs in the areas of 9°N-12°N,172°E-176°E and 3°N-5°N,166°E-169°E were relatively higher;(4) the optimal depth that blue shark inhabit was from 80 m to 120 m in the survey area.The high IHI area in 80-120 m stratum was similar to the high IHI area of the entire water column.It means we could use the IHI distribution in 80-120 m stratum to express the IHI distribution of the entire water column.


Principles of electroforming as a manufacturing process and the selection and control of electrolytes developed for electroforming 18 and 14 carat gold alloys are presented. Advantages and disadvantages and desirable characteristics of the electroforming process are outlined. Mandrels for electroforming are categorized, and metallization of non-conductive mandrels is considered. Electroforming in gold electrodeposited gold alloys, and control of caratage are included. Photographs of jewelry and a schematic of an electroforming system are given. Three tables outline characteristics of a gold electroforming electrolyte and the deposits produced from it, general characteristics of some commonly used gold alloy plating systems, and characteristics of the electrolytes used in two new electroforming processes. -- AATA


Kansei engineering is the technology for translating humans' feeling into product design. Multivariate analysis is conventional technique for analyze human feeling and building rules. Although these methods are reliable, they are nevertheless incapable of quick analysis and require expertise. These analyses are often used on data that have relatively small sample size for cluster. In this paper, we present ART1.5SSS, a modified version of ART1.5 (Adaptive Resonance Theory) for small sample size clustering. The learning algorithm of ART1.5SSS controls traces to make explanative clusters. The network used for automatic rule building in Kansei engineering expert system, instead of statistical analysis. Categorization performance of new learning rule is compared to multivariate analysis and original ART1.5.


In this paper, we proposed an output prediction system of a wind power generation using a complex-valued neural network (called here, CVNN). The CVNN is suitable for treating complex numbers and nonlinear data. Then we express the wind information (wind speed and direction) by complex numbers on the complex coordinates, and use them as input information for the CVNN. As input wind speed data, we use the numerical weather prediction data which are provided by Japan Meteorological Agency. Several simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed prediction system.


Data from the 1995 and 2005 waves of the Midlife in the United States panel study were used to compare rates of volunteering among the baby boomers with earlier cohorts and to predict boomers' future volunteering. When age was kept constant through the use of panel data, the first baby boom cohort (born 1946 to 1955) did more volunteering than did the "silent" cohort (born 1936 to 1945), and the silents volunteered more than did the "long civic" cohort (born 1926 to 1935). The author generated regression equations that used nine 1995 variables to predict 2005 volunteering and used the boomers' 2005 values on these variables to predict their 2015 volunteering. These equations slightly predict higher volunteering among the boomers in 2015 than the silents did in 2005. This result, combined with the large size of the boomer cohort, indicates that the total number of elderly volunteers will probably increase in the next decade.


Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder that requires a caregiver. Treating people with schizophrenia at home can be a burden for the caregiver such as the difficulties in handling the behavior of people with schizophrenia, anxiety, and stress. The burden of caring people with schizophrenia can make the caregiver lack time to rest and lower well-being. This study was conducted to determine the factors related to subjective well-being of caregivers who treat people with schizophrenia in the Working Area of Bantur Health Center, Malang Regency. This study was an observational study with a cross-sectional approach. The research sample was caregiver who treated people with schizophrenia for 24 hours. Caregivers who treat people with schizophrenia were obtained by purposive sampling as many as 102 people. Data analysis was performed by Rank Spearman correlation test for bivariate analysis and multiple logistic regression to determine the most dominant factors related to subjective well-being of caregivers of people with schizophrenia. The results of the bivariate analysis show that the variables that are positively and significantly related to subjective well-being are social relations (r=0.538, ρ=0.000), optimism (r=0.356, ρ=0.000), self-control (r=0.306, ρ=0.002) and self-esteem (r=0.279, ρ=0.005) respectively. The results of multiple logistic regression show that social relation has the greatest odds ratio (OR) of 16.061, meaning that good social relationships would improve subjective well-being 16 times higher than the caregivers of people with schizophrenia who did not establish good social relations with others. Social relations are the most dominant factor associated with subjective well-being of caregivers of people with schizophrenia. Caregivers of people with schizophrenia who establish good social relationships with others will experience happiness and life satisfaction, so they can improve subjective well-being.


Bamboo hemicellulose hydrolysate (BHH) was extracted from bamboo by high temperature and enzymatic treatment. The ratio of total sugars in BHH was 75.7% on a dry matter basis (sugar components: 46.4% glucose, 12.7% arabinose, 40.9% xylose). These were mainly comprised of low molecular weight oligosaccharides containing ferulic acid. BHH exhibited strong anti-oxidative activities. In high fat (HF) diet-fed mice, 5% BHH supplementation significantly ameliorated increases in plasma cholesterol levels compared to the control mice fed HF diet alone. Also, while the fecal pH of control mice increased, that of test mice (5% BHH supplementation) did not increase to similar levels. Greater amounts of propionic acid were detected in the feces of HF diet-fed mice fed HF supplemented with BHH than one fed HF diet alone.


Kim, S.-W. and Suh, K.-D., 2011. Evaluation of target reliability indices and partial safety factors for sliding of caisson breakwaters. Journal of Coastal Research, SI 64 (Proceedings of the 11th International Coastal Symposium), ��� – ���. Szczecin, Poland, ISSN 0749-0208 In order to perform the reliability-based design for sliding of caisson breakwater, the target reliability index and partial safety factor for each safety level are required. To date, these have not been evaluated for caisson breakwaters in Korea. In this study, the target reliability indices and partial safety factors for sliding of caisson breakwater are proposed by analyzing the existing caisson breakwaters with the First-Order Reliability Method. The target reliability index for normal safety level was evaluated by averaging the reliability indices of existing structures. Those for high and low safety levels were placed at plus and minus one standard deviation of the reliability index of existing structures. The representative partial safety factors were then proposed for each safety level by averaging those of 12 cross-sections of breakwaters in Korea. To verify the partial safety factors, the present study was not only compared with the technical standards and commentaries of port and harbor facilities in Japan, but also showed that the reliability indices of existing breakwaters which were redesigned by the partial safety factors were close to the target reliability index.


This paper considers the design of a vocabulary-independent keyword spotter for Mandarin speech according to the framework by Huang et al. (1994). This paper considers three varieties of filler model structures for the framework based on subsyllabic grammar of Mandarin speech. On the basis of the three structures, we infer the problems of this framework through three arguments and presents two methods to modify the spotting vehicle.


his study aimed to estimate the distribution and feeding ecology of the angelfishes (Family Pomacanthidae) in Shalateen region, Red Sea, Egypt. The total number of recovered species was six species, where Centropyge multispinis and Pygoplites diacanthus were the most abundant at most sites, while Pomacanthus imperator and P. maculosus were the lowest. The royal angelfish, Pygoplites diacanthus, was represented in all sites and all reef zones in Shalateen region. Most angelfish species were not found on the reef flat (except Pygoplites diacanthus), since they prefer the reef slope and increase with depth. Based on the number of individuals, the reef flat comprised only 2.7 % of the total Pomacanthids population, while the slope comprised 97.3 % of population (34.1 % at 1-10 m depth and 63.2 % at 10-20 m depth). The highest feeding rate was recorded for C. multispinis, with 84.3±26.4 bites⋅(5min) -1 , while the lowest was recorded for P. maculosus, with 58.9±21.6 bites⋅(5min) -1 . Most species of angelfishes use biting mode for feeding and diurnal feeders, except Genicanthus caudovittatus that use ram mode for feeding on zooplankton and nocturnal feeder. Feeding guilds are divided into three categories: a) invertebrate-feeders, represented by three species, namely P. asfur, P. imperator and P. maculosus, b) omnivores, represented by two species, C. multispinis and Pygoplites diacanthus, c) zooplankton feeder, represented by only G. caudovittatus.


Organic solar cells (OSCs) are a promising cost-effective alternative for utility of solar energy, and possess low-cost, light-weight, and fl exibility advantages. [ 1–7 ] Much attention has been focused on the development of OSCs which have seen a dramatic rise in effi ciency over the last decade, and the encouraging power conversion effi ciency (PCE) over 9% has been achieved from bulk heterojunction (BHJ) OSCs. [ 8 ] With regard to photoactive materials, fullerenes and their derivatives, such as [6,6]-phenyl C 61 butyric acid methyl ester (PC 61 BM), have been the dominant electron-acceptor materials in BHJ OSCs, owing to their high electron mobility, large electron affi nity and isotropy of charge transport. [ 9 ] However, fullerenes have a few disadvantages, such as restricted electronic tuning and weak absorption in the visible region. Furthermore, in typical BHJ system of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT):PC 61 BM, mismatching energy levels between donor and acceptor leads to energy loss and low open-circuit voltages ( V OC ). To solve these problems, novel electron acceptor materials with strong and broad absorption spectra and appropriate energy levels are necessary for OSCs. Recently, non-fullerene small molecule acceptors have been developed. [ 10 , 11 ] However, rare reports on the devices based on solution-processed non-fullerene small molecule acceptors have shown PCEs approaching or exceeding 1.5%, [ 12–19 ] and only one paper reported PCEs over 2%. [ 16 ]


The indicators of services in general, and infrastructure services in particular, are the basis for starting the process of spatial development, as it is the starting point for investing the natural and human potentials in the development process. The levels of progress for any society are measured by a number of comparative measures, and one of those measures is the level of the services provided to members of the community. Thus, development indicators are among the basic structures that support economic and social development in the governorate due to its great importance in the development process as it is one of the main pillars on which the rules of integrated development are based. And it was found through the research that the level of indicators of infrastructure services is low, as the governorate suffers from a deficit in drinking water service amounting to (139,684 m3/day) to meet its needs, and the governorate suffers from its lack of sanitation services. (132 megawatt-hours), and transport road services suffer from low levels in terms of efficiency and efficiency, especially rural roads and Roads related to various agricultural, industrial and tourism economic activities.


The ASA Perth group visited the K-Mart's Distribution Centre at Canning Vale in June. We saw first-hand a 'cando' organisation focussed on continuous improvement, heightened efficiency of the business, expanding customer satisfaction and increasing dividends to shareholders.


We report pulsed room temperature lasing from optically pumped subwavelength metal-insulator-semiconductor structures. The lasers consist of InGaAsP gain disks embedded in a SiO2/ aluminum bi-layer. Lasing at 1520nm from a 730nm gain core is demonstrated.


The gallium arsenide photo-conductive antennas (GaAs PCA) has been studied extensively and used widely as a terahertz source. The radiation efficiency of the photoconductive antennas is largely determined by the illuminated energy and the applied voltage. In order to enhance the radiation the power of the photoconductive antennas, the relationships between the power of the THz wave, laser energy and bias voltage were studied in our experiments. Based on the theoretical analysis and experiment results, we obtain a high power of THz radiation with high signal-to-noise ratio of 1037 under the optimum operation condition.


With the rapid development of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), besides the energy efficient, Quality of Service (QoS) supported and the validity of packet transmission should be considered under some circumstances. In this paper, according to summing up LEACH protocol's advantages and defects, combining with trust evaluation mechanism, energy and QoS control, a trust-based QoS routing algorithm is put forward. Firstly, energy control and coverage scale are adopted to keep load balance in the phase of cluster head selection. Secondly, trust evaluation mechanism is designed to increase the credibility of the network in the stage of node clusting. Finally, in the period of information transmission, verification and ACK mechanism also put to guarantee validity of data transmission. In this paper, it proposes the improved protocol. The improved protocol can not only prolong nodes' life expectancy, but also increase the credibility of information transmission and reduce the packet loss. Compared to typical routing algorithms in sensor networks, this new algorithm has better performance.


Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to test the hypothesis that the nationality of ownership affects investment through its interaction with return expectations and cash flow and to answer the question whether this is due to asymmetric information or managerial discretion problems. Design/methodology/approach - Asymmetric information and managerial discretion hypothesis are being tested in a fully extended model, which provides for a variety of effects from the explanatory variables. The paper also uses firm and industry variables to account for the investment opportunities or marginal Findings - In total, 2,700 domestic and foreign (multinational) manufacturing firms located in Greece in the 1992-1997 period were examined, providing consistent evidence supporting the asymmetric information hypothesis against the managerial discretion hypothesis. These results also support the significance of ownership effects, at least with respect to the national origin of the firm's shareholders. Originality/value - This paper provides evidence that the nationality of ownership affects the investment behavior and is related with the specific information problems of the firms.


The effect of negative ion emission on the structure of the region near the electrodes in low-temperature plasmas is studied. The possibility is shown of a virtual electrode due to the emitted negative ions and the conditions for its formation are obtained. The results are discussed in terms of applications to thermal emission energy converters and probe measurements.


In this paper the human ability for absolute timing is investigated. Although humans are very capable of performing tasks that require precise timing, such as walking and talking, we are not able to reproduce abstract timing intervals from (long-term) memory with great accuracy. In contrast, most of us are able to recollect our favorite musical pieces from memory, with only slight deviations in tempo. This suggests musical cognition and musical memory are somehow different from cognition and memory for other stimuli, and musical memory stores objective temporal information in higher quality. In this paper, the hypothesis is investigated that musical segmentation strategies are helpful in accurately reproducing and comparing timing intervals. First, relevant literature for human cognition and memory of time is summarized, and secondly a computerized experiment is set up to compare the performance of participants using different time segmentation strategies. While previous research seems to suggest musical cognition is able to encode representations of objective temporal information in higher quality than other types of cognition, in the performed experiment no such effect is found. The segmentation strategy that makes use of music performs worst compared to the other strategies tested. Interestingly, differences in performance for each of the segmentation strategies are found, and all strategies are beneficial compared to not using a conscious strategy. This suggests different types of memory encoding of temporal information are performed using each of the strategies.


Based operations, banks can be divided into two, namely conventional banks and Islamic banks. The products and services offered by each bank, both conventional banks and Islamic banks are generally the same, just different
packaging in the form of names, grounding philosophy, certain policies, and services each bank. In general, the products offered by the bank, including the Giro, Savings, deposits, and loans. While the services offered by the bank,
including clearing, RTGS transfers, Safe Deposit Box, transfer, and so forth. The subjects were Sharia State Savings Bank Branch Office Surabaya. The purpose of
this study was to determine the terms and conditions of the opening, process execution, for the calculation of the results, benefits and facilities are achieved as
well as obstacles in the implementation and completion ditemuai Investa Batara iB Savings Bank BTN Syariah Branch Office Surabaya. The conclusion is Investa Batara Savings iB is one of the products available on the Savings Bank BTN
Syariah Branch Office Surabaya, namely Savings as a storage medium using the funds in dollars sharia-compliant contract is Mudaraba (investment). Suggestions can be submitted is BTN Syariah Surabaya Branch Office should improve its
service even better so that more customers trust again with BTN Syariah.

Keywords : Investa Batara iB Savings


We consider the problem of distributed joint source-channel coding of correlated Gaussian sources over a Gaussian Multiple Access Channel (GMAC). There may be side information at the decoder and/or at the encoders. First we specialize a general result (for transmission of correlated sources over a MAC with side information) to obtain sufficient conditions for reliable transmission over a Gaussian MAC. This system does not satisfy the source-channel separation. We study and compare three joint source-channel coding schemes available in literature. We show that each of these schemes is optimal under different scenarios. One of the schemes, Amplify and Forward (AF) which simplifies the design of encoders and the decoder, is optimal at low SNR but not at high SNR. Another scheme is asymptotically optimal at high SNR. The third coding scheme is optimal for orthogonal Gaussian channels. We also show that AF is close to the optimal scheme for orthogonal channels even at high SNR.


Objective:To investigate the changes of blood glucose and thyroid function occurring in patients after cardiac surgery and its clinical significant.Methods:A total of 52 patients after cardiac surgery with(21 cases)or without(31 cases)multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS)were studied.Serum thyroid hormone and TSH concentrations were measured in 52 patients during intensive care unit(ICU)on first and third day by chemiluminescent immunoassay(CLIA).Patients'blood glucose and APACHE-II score were recorded on first day during ICU.Results:Serum FT3 decreased(P0.05)and blood glucose increased markedly[(18.13±3.82)mmol/L] in 52 patients;Compared with non-MODS patients,above indaxes change were much more in MODS group.Conclusion:(1)Blood glucose significantly increase in patients after cardiac surgery and correlated with MODS;(2)APACHE-II score is correlated with MODS.


This article describes the synthesis, optoelectronic properties and anti-inflammatory activities of a series of seven ferrocenyl ester-linked 4-arylidene-5-imidazolinone conjugates. Three different types of ortho-, meta- and para-substituted ferrocenyl esters have been prepared. Their UV–Vis spectra and electrochemical studies are described. The structure of one of the conjugates was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction study. These conjugates exhibited moderate anti-inflammatory activities.


This report summarizes work conducted in 1998 by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) to determine the extent and origin of plutonium at concentrations above background levels at Big Trees Park in the city of Livermore. This summary includes the project background and sections that explain the sampling, radiochemical and data analysis, and data interpretation. This report is a summary report only and is not intended as a rigorous technical or statistical analysis of the data.


Two studies carried out by the author over southwest Egypt used C-band Radarsat-1 SAR images and topographic data to understand groundwater distributions in the Nubian aquifer, which underlies the study area.


T HE expenditures of all political bodies have been continually increasing. In normal times, the public has kept demanding that its governmental units undertake new and expensive functions, the cost of which has not always been considered. Some of the ordinary costly functions of modern governmental units are the establishment and maintenance of educational systems; the provision for defectives, delinquents and dependents; the protection to person, property and health; the building and maintenance of highways; and the regulation of railroads and public utilities, as well as numerous other forms of regulation. When an emergency arises, such as the Great War, expenditures, especially those of federal governments, mount to almost unbelievable heights. All these increased expenditures must be met by increased revenues. So long as wealth and population increased more rapidly than the demand for additional funds, the individual burden was not increasing and, consequently, little interest was shown in the expenditures and revenues of political bodies. As the new burdens became more noticeable, citizens became concerned about the use to which funds were put, and about the justice of the methods by which they were secured. This has led fiscal officials, in their search for additional revenues, to use sources which will not only be productive of funds, but which can be upheld under the principles of justice, and which will cause a minimum of opposition from the public. The inheritance tax has been one source of revenue, the use of which has been greatly extended under these conditions, and which is likely to be extended much further in the future.


Vision positioning system is widely used in robotics, industrial testing, servo control and other autonomous systems. Precise object positioning needs to accurately match the feature key points of the object, so as to solve the object position and attitude precisely. Simple image or feature matching method cannot meet the requirements of both reliability and accuracy for positioning system. Recently, deep learning has aroused widespread concern, Caffe as a framework for deep learning, performs particularly well in image recognition. In this paper, we propose a method of using convolutional neural networks to recognize target in complex scenes, and then to obtain the information of the target position by precise image matching. The experimental results show that the proposed method effectively eliminates the false target recognition and improves the image matching accuracy. Introduction In recent years, due to the rapid development of image processing and computer vision, machine vision has been widely used in aerospace, manufacturing, industrial, medical and electronics fields. The most important function of machine vision is to identify and locate the target. The traditional method to localize the target from the image is to directly adopt the precise image matching, but this method does not work well to distinguish the target in a complex background and often leads to a lot of false matching and positioning accuracy decline. With the introduction of high precision matching requirements, researchers begin to study how to obtain high-precision, more reliable image matching results for complex scenes. Keller [1] proposed a high precision rotation angle estimation method based on angular difference function and demonstrated its applicability to rotation estimation; Yoshihiko Mochizuki [2] of Chiba University of Japan proposed a high precision optical flow estimation method to recover a high-resolution image from a low-resolution image and/or image sequence; and the Qingxiong Yang [3] of the University of Illinois proposed a high precision global stereo matching method based on image segmentation. In addition, J Molnár [4] et al. also achieved many results in matching complex scene images and improving the reliability of matching algorithms. He proposed two illumination-robust variational methods based on cross-correlation that are applicable to color and grey-level sequences and robust to brightness and color illumination changes. However, in the complex environment of low brightness, low image resolution and target occlusion, the traditional visual positioning cannot achieve accurate recognition. With the development of machine learning, the deep learning shows higher robustness in some complex environments, and is more conducive to solve the problem of target recognition in complex scenes. This paper presents a method of target recognition based on convolution neural network. We adopt the CNN method to firstly recognize the target whether there is a target in the scene or not, and then perform accurate image matching and get the coordinate of the target image for precise position


Drell-Yan W/Z electroweak boson production at the LHC is an essential standard candle which is used for calibration of beam luminosity and detector properties. In addition to proton-proton collisions, the LHC has measured heavy nuclei lead-lead and proton-lead W/Z production. Inclusion of these data sets in future fits can provide discriminating information of the nuclear modifications present in the Parton Distribution Functions (PDFs). We present an ongoing analysis of W/Z production in lead-lead and proton-lead collisions at the LHC using the \texttt{nCTEQ15} nuclear Parton Distribution Functions (nPDFs) including uncertainties. The cross sections are calculated at NLO with the \texttt{FEWZ\ 2.1} program at 2.76 and 5.02 TeV. We identify promising observables for the observation of the nuclear modifications.


Along with the research and development of some radioligands, PET had play an important role in the researches on receptor-related, especially for gamma-aminobutyricacid receptor,acetylcholine receptor, glutamic acid receptor, dopamine receptor and opioid receptor, et al. In this review,the advances of researches on the receptor-related changes and PET were summarized, so as to provide references for clinical diagnosis and treatment on epilepsy.

Key words:
Epilepsy;  Receptor, gamma-aminobutyric acid;  Receptor, cholinergic;  Receptor,glutamic acid;  Receptor, dopamine;  Positron-emission tomography


Brittleness has been the major obstacle in using ceramics. Previous research has shown, however, that ceramic materials that have small grain size show plasticity. The authors therefore propose two methods to produce nanostructured ceramic films by chemical vapor deposition (CVD): (1) high-speed deposition and (2) simultaneous deposition of insoluble materials (contained in a mixture of insoluble solids). These methods were successfully applied to aluminum nitride/titanium nitride (AlN/TiN) films produced by CVD. The AlN/TiN nanostructured composite films were synthesized by atmospheric-pressure CVD (APCVD), using aluminum chloride (AlCl{sub 3}), titanium chloride (TiCl{sub 4}), and ammonia (NH{sub 3}) as reactant gases at temperatures ranging from 923 to 1123 K in a horizontal tubular reactor. For the high-speed deposition strategy, the authors obtained growth rates as high as 1.2 mm/h. Using either method, they were able to attain AlN/TiN composite films that had a grain size of 8 nm (AlN crystals) and 6 nm (TiN crystals), showing that these methods are effective in producing nanostructured composite films by CVD. Measurements of the fracture toughness of the prepared materials indicated that these strategies can be used to improve the ductility of ceramics.


Primary chronic cold agglutinin disease (CAD) is a clonal lymphoproliferative disorder accounting for 13–15% of autoimmune haemolytic anaemias. Significant advances have been made in treatment, which was largely unsuccessful until recently. The essential clinical, immunological and pathological features are reviewed, focusing on their relevance for therapy. Non‐pharmacological management still seems sufficient in some patients. With the recent improvements, however, drug therapy seems indicated more often than previously thought. Corticosteroids should not be used to treat CAD. Half of the patients respond to rituximab monotherapy; median response duration is 11 months. Fludarabine‐rituximab combination therapy is very effective, resulting in 75% response rate, complete remissions in about 20%, and more than 66 months estimated response duration. Toxicity is a concern, and benefits should be carefully weighed against risks. An individualized approach is discussed regarding the choice of fludarabine‐rituximab combination versus rituximab monotherapy. Patients requiring treatment should be considered for prospective trials.


The effects of the conical lids on vortex breakdown have been investigated numerically. The boundaries for the onset of vortex breakdown are plotted in terms of the Reynolds number, the aspect ratio H1∕R, where H1 is the height of the side wall, and the height ratio H2∕H1, where H2 is the height of the axis. The concave-cone lid (H2∕H1>1) delays or even completely suppresses vortex breakdown, while the convex-cone lid (H2∕H1<1) precipitates the onset of vortex breakdown. The attached bubbles were found in the chamber with the convex-cone lid at a smaller height ratio. The critical aspect ratio, below which vortex breakdown cannot occur, decreases with the increase of the height ratio. The results indicate that a conical lid can enlarge the vortex breakdown boundaries and this might be of practical interest when using this device for mixing. The results also suggest that the actual shape of the lid has an influence on suppressing or intensifying vortex breakdown.


Quality assessment of bull sperms is a necessary task to process to increase a fertilization rate when applying methods of Assisted Reproductive Technology including In Vitro Fertilization and Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection. Presently, the development of Computer-Assisted Sperm Analysis (CASA) allows scientists to assess the quality of bull sperms automatically in some processes such as sperm motility. However, scientists commonly perform the viability assessment process manually that surely requires many endeavors and highly time-consuming. In addition, the standard commercial CASAs provide only a module for assessing sperm motility. Unfortunately, to add an extra module of the assessment of sperm viability to the standard CASA is much costly. In this study, we proposed a novel sperm detection and viability classification system that use to distinguish dead or alive cell of the bull sperms by using Faster Region-based Convolutional Neural Networks (Faster RCNN). The performance of the proposed system was evaluated in term of sperm detection and viability classification. The results of the performance evaluation process revealed that it provided a high accuracy for sperm detection (90.72%) as well as the viability classification (84.49%). Based on these results, it clarified that our proposed system had a great potential to use in the real-


* New Foreword by Ronak Husni * Preface to the English Edition * Introduction * Part I - The Mutliated Half * Chapter 1 - The Question that No One Would Answer * Chapter 2 - Sexual Agression Against the Female Child * Chapter 3 - The Grandfather with Bad Manners * Chapter 4 - The Injustice of Justice * Chapter 5 - The Very Fine Membrane Called 'Honour' * Chapter 6 - Circumcision of Girls * Chapter 7 - Obscurantism and Contradiction * Chapter 8 - The Illegitimate Child and the Prostitute * Chapter 9 - Abortion and Fertility * Chapter 10 - Distorted Notions about Femininity, Beauty and Love * Part II - Women in History * Chapter 11 - The Thirteenth Rib of Adam * Chapter 12 - Man the God, Woman the Sinful * Chapter 13 - Woman at the Time of the Pharaohs * Chapter 14 - Liberty to the Slave, But Not for the Woman * Part III - The Arab Woman * Chapter 15 - The Role of Women in Arab History * Chapter 16 - Love and Sex in the Life of the Arabs * Chapter 17 - The Heroine in Arab Literature * Part IV - Breaking Through * Chapter 18 - Arab Pioneers of Women's Liberation * Chapter 19 - Work and Women * Chapter 20 - Marriage and Divorce * An Afterword


INTRODUCTION
Symptomatic metastatic epidural spinal cord compression (MESCC) afflicts up to 10% of all cancer patients and is associated with shortened survival and worsened quality of life. This study aims to identify the key survival predictive factors in MESCC patients who were surgically treated for a single symptomatic lesion.

METHODS
One hundred forty-two MESCC patients were enrolled in a prospective North American multicenter study and followed postoperatively for 12 months. Using univariate analyses, Kaplan-Meier methods, and log-rank tests, the predictive values of various clinical variables were assessed. Noncollinear predictors with P < .05 in univariate analyses were included in the final Cox proportional hazards model.

RESULTS
The overall median survival was 7.7 months (range: 3 days 35.6 months); breast cancer had the longest median survival (12.1 months). Univariate analyses yielded 8 significant predictors for survival: the growth of primary tumor (Tomita grade 1 vs grade 2 and 3), body mass index, sex, preoperative SF-36 physical component, EQ-5D, and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores as well as the presence of either visceral or extraspinal bony metastasis. The multiple regression analysis revealed that the Tomita grade (grade 1 vs grade 2 and 3; hazard ratio [HR]: 2.81, P = .007), the absence of visceral metastasis (HR: 2.01; P = .004), and higher score on SF-36 physical component (HR: 0.95, P < .001) were independent predictors for longer survival.

CONCLUSION
Slow growing tumor (Tomita grade 1), absence of visceral metastasis, and lower degree of preoperative physical disability, as reflected by a higher score on the SF-36 physical component questionnaire, are good predictive factors for survival in selected patients who underwent surgical treatment for a focal symptomatic MESCC lesion.


The utility model discloses a turning-back type device for treating air pollution by looking into symptoms and root causes, and relates to an air pollutant eliminating technology. The device provided by the utility model comprises a first turning-back type air pollutant filtering and adsorbing device applied to an air source heat pump device or a second turning-back type air pollutant filtering and adsorbing device applied to a cooling tower spray device or a third turning-back type air pollutant filtering and adsorbing device applied to an air blower silencing device. Polluted air is filtered, adsorbed and purified by virtue of the turning-back type air pollutant filtering and adsorbing device, and the turning-back type device is low in energy consumption, small in size and low in cost, and can be used for treating haze by looking into symptoms and root causes.


The impact of diet and nutrition on RMDs is a growing topic with lots of ongoing research and remaining questions. Youth-R-Well.com, the organization for young people (18-30 years) with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) in the Netherlands, recognized that young people want to know more about this theme. Therefore, Youth-R-Well.com organized the workshop "Diet, Nutrition and Arthritis" to inform young people with RMDs about the facts and myths of the impact of diet and nutrition on RMDs.The main objective of this project was to inform young people with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases about the impact of diet and nutrition on RMDs. Youth-R-Well.com wanted to offer the knowledge of proven research and studies, and provide all the recent facts and fables about this topic. By becoming well-informed about the impact of healthy cooking, young people are able to improve the self-management of their disease. Besides providing information about the impact of diet and nutrition, the objective was to offer tips and tricks about ergonomic cooking. With the right tools for cooking, the participants might be inspired by a less painful and more suitable way of cooking, which also increases the self-management of their disease.To make sure the event was consistent with the needs of young people, Youth-R-Well.com organized a cooking workshop, that consisted of two parts: informative presentations and a fun healthy cooking workshop. For the first part, we invited a professor and a dietitian specialized at this specific topic to provide the correct and up-to-date information. For the second part, we invited an occupational therapist to provide information about ergonomic cooking. The kick-off of the day was by two informative presentations: the professor, who focused on recent studies, and the dietitian, who focused on the practical side. Both the presentations ended up in a question and answer component, where the participants showed lots of interaction. After the first session, the practical side of the workshop could be started. Several nutrient full and healthy recipes were made in teams to interact with other participants. An occupational therapist facilitated the participants by presenting the less painful and correct technique for preparing food. The workshop is filmed and shared through YouTube, to make sure the information reaches more young people with RMDs.It was a successful workshop where over 40 participants were present. The educational and helpful presentations were well received and created more realization of the impact of an appropriate and altered diet. The survey, which was filled up by the participants, has shown that over 91% rated the event by the highest-ranking "good". Also, in the second part of the workshop, the practical cooking was very good and useful; it was rated as the most favorite part. The workshop was filmed and shared online, we reached over 1300 people with enthusiastic and lovely comments.Based on the questions of young people around the impact of diet and nutrition on RMDs, Youth-R-Well.com organized the workshop: "Diet, Nutrition and Arthritis". Through the combination of informative presentations and a fun cooking workshop, Youth-R-Well.com managed to inform young people about this growing topic. We will continue to spread the information through our online video on our online channels to reach more young people with RMDs.None declared


The invention relates to the field of energy-saving technologies and may find practical application in wind power, such as installation, creating a visual and acoustic effects which are of the indicator, advertising or entertainment. Wind machine comprises a rotary head provided with a support bearing assembly rotatably on top of the fixed mast and at least the stem and impeller. The distinguishing feature is that the rod is further provided with coaxially mounted thereon frame, inside which, in bearing assemblies, mounted rotating shaft with at least one vane impeller, while at the frame wall and the rotating shaft are mounted, at least one magnetic element continuous and coaxial with it, at least one induction coil, which coil is connected to at least one of the Electroconversion elements or acoustically reproducing light signal. The frame may be formed multi-layered, and inside it, in bearing assemblies, installed additional hollow shafts whose number corresponds to the number of carcass stages with a common axis of rotation, in which a set of additional turntables impeller mounted on each of the rotating shafts and the corresponding carcass stage coaxially mounted induction coil and permanent magnetic element acts, wherein the induction coils of the winding are connected to electrical supply circuit Electroconversion elements, osproizvodyaschih acoustic or light signals. Offered to particular cases of embodiment of the utility model. Thus, on a rod frame may be mounted so that the impeller rotation axis of the shaft is perpendicular to the rotation axis of the rotary head or the frame on the boom may be mounted so that the impeller rotation axis of the shaft is located coaxially to the rotary head rotational axis (coincides with). Swivel head may be further provided with a vane formed in the form of having an attractive appearance of the decorative body, the side walls of which are made streamlined and can be in the form of contour image animate or inanimate object. The induction coil may be mounted on a rotating shaft, or onto the carcass wall, and at multistage frame, at least one of the stages and the frame, at least one of the carcass steps - on a rotating shaft. Placements Electroconversion elements are provided as elements mounted on rotating shafts, in particular on the blades of the impeller turntables and at fixed relative to the rotating shaft, the rotating head elements, in particular on a frame rod, vane. As used Electroconversion elements or LEDs acoustic channel device, the electric power Electroconversion elements is carried out by contact system organized without rotating current collecting elements, e.g., by soldering, screw or spring clamps. A number of embodiment variants generating portion of the windshield unit (the most simple to the most complex). The angles of attack of blades, at least a portion of the turntables can be made opposite. The apparatus may be a multi-functional, have a wide range of practical use, how to determine the weather conditions, and in order to advertise goods and services, creating spectacular performances, festive decoration of squares, stadiums, city streets, in suburban arrays. 1N. 14 and ZP f ly-9-yl.


Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have begun to penetrate the traditional lighting industry and have left a profound impact on the illumination of thin and portable personnel telecommunication devices. Aside from this, LEDs can also be used in the design of visible optical wireless communication systems. In lighting applications, Surface Mount Device (SMD) LEDs play an important role; however, their low light flux brought about by the large viewing angle should be redistributed to increase luminescence and the communication range in communication applications. For this reason, the current study issue in this application is how to achieve a long data transmission range while dramatically reducing the overall system size for use in thin electronic products. This work presents a proposed design of an ultra-thin secondary lens for visible light communication based on white LEDs. The accurate physical modeling of a chip die and its package can make ray-trace simulation a powerful tool in predicting power distribution of the SMD LEDs in the near-field. To verify the proposed method, modeled ray data was compared with measured data. While relaxing several design constraints, the secondary light colliminator was carried out with a solution of a central refractive aspheric surface and an outer reflective surface. The optical performance of the modeled LEDs was very similar to the real one. The designed lens reduced the viewing angle of white SMD LEDs from 120° to 20° in FWHM. The proposed lens is extremely compact and efficient and is a good starting point in achieving an effective design of visible light communication between personnel telecommunication devices.


ABSTRACT. The aim of the article is to present selected aspects of food industry development, in Poland, in the upcoming decade. The food industry, as one of the most important sectors of Polish agribusiness, year by year is becoming a point of interest for many institutions that would like to indicate its achievements as well as suggest the most appropriate development options. The article deals with discussion issues concerning finding an optimal development path for possibilities of using intellectual capital, techniques and technology as well as the benefits resulting from these for the food industry in Poland at the beginning of the 2020s. Selected development paths with their advantages and drawbacks are presented, and broadly defined restrictive conditions. Quantitative methods, such as ARIMA type models and the Ward method were used in carrying out the studies. Two methods, the MV/BV method and the q-Tobin method, were used to calculate intellectual capital. A search for existing domestic and international literature and reports was also conducted.


A simple, fast and sensitive indirect spectrophotometric method is proposed for the determination of epinephrine and norepinephrine. The method is based on the oxidation of the drugs by a known excess of chromium(VI) in the presence of sulfuric acid. The residue of chromium(VI) is then reacted with 1,5-diphenylcarbazid to forma red-violet color which shows an absorptionmaximumat 542 nm. Calibration graphs are linear in the range of 0.2-3.20igml-1 for epinephrine and 0.3-3.2igml-1 for norepinephrinewith detection limits of 0.1igml-1 and 0.15igml-1 for epinephrine and norepinephrine, respectively. The relative standard deviations at the level of 1igml-1 and 2igml-1(n=10) were 1.8%and 2.1%for epinephrine and 1.2% and 2.8% for norepinephrine, respectively. The method was successfully applied to the determination of these catecholamines in pharmaceutical preparations.


Abstract : Over the past several years, observers have increasingly discussed the need for DOD to transform itself in light of rapidly changing international circumstances. Both the Clinton and Bush administrations argued that the United States must embark on a transformation path today, to meet a range of future security challenges. Many defense thinkers agree, saying that while the world has changed greatly over the past 15 years, the military has not. Generally, today's military looks too much like that of the Cold War, they say. While the United States is today's dominant military power, past dominant powers have been surprised by changing circumstances and unforeseen threats. In May 1996 the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff published Joint Vision 2010, a conceptual template for how America's armed forces may exploit technological opportunities to achieve new levels of effectiveness in joint military operations. This transformation guide was updated, expanded and republished in May 2000.


This paper presents two different trajectory tracking control strategies for wheeled mobile robot. The first strategy presents a time-varying linear feedback control law and the second strategy is based on State Dependent Ricatti Equation (SDRE) method. Numerical simulation results indicated that both methods can be successfully used for control of the robot system.


Purpose To characterize the mediators of 5-HT2A serotonin receptor–driven retinal neuroprotection. Methods Albino mice were treated intraperitoneally with saline or sarpogrelate, a 5-HT2A antagonist, immediately before light exposure (LE). Following LE, retinas were harvested for a high-throughput phosphorylation microarray to quantify activated phosphorylated proteins in G protein–coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling. To confirm microarray results and define temporal changes, Western blots of select GPCR signaling proteins were performed. Since both methodologies implicated MAPK/ERK activation, the functional significance of sarpogrelate-mediated ERK1/2 activation was examined by inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation via pretreatment with the MEK inhibitor (MEKi) PD0325901. The degree of neuroprotection was evaluated with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and electroretinography (ERG). To determine the effects of sarpogrelate on gene expression, a qPCR array measuring the expression of 84 genes involved in oxidative stress and cell death was performed 48 hours post LE. Results Sarpogrelate led to an activation of the MAPK/ERK pathway. Temporal analysis further demonstrated a transient activation of ERK1/2, starting with an early inhibition 20 minutes into LE, a maximum activation at 3 hours post LE, and a return to baseline at 7 hours post LE. Inhibition of ERK1/2 with MEKi pretreatment led to attenuation of sarpogrelate-mediated neuroprotection. LE caused significant changes in the expression of genes involved in iron metabolism, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. These changes were prevented by sarpogrelate treatment. Conclusions Sarpogrelate-mediated retinal protection involves a transient activation of the MAPK/ERK pathway, although this pathway alone does not account for the full effect of neuroprotection.


We explore the question of whether program understanding tools enhance or change the way that programmers understand programs. The strategies that programmers use to comprehend programs vary widely. Program understanding tools should enhance or ease the programmer's preferred strategies, rather than impose a fixed strategy that may not always be suitable. We present observations from a user study that compares three tools for browsing program source code and exploring software structures. In this study, 30 participants used these tools to solve several high level program understanding tasks. These tasks required a broad range of comprehension strategies. We describe how these tools supported or hindered the diverse comprehension strategies used.


Influential management research often entails multiple research studies that build on each other to demonstrate a significant organizational phenomenon, to reveal the reasons and mechanisms that can explain the phenomenon, and to identify boundary conditions that may amplify or constrain the phenomenon. Such research is neither niche nor narrow; it appeals broadly and can potentially influence the thinking of scholars that do not directly study the organizational phenomenon in question. The abilities to develop influential research are rare.


In this paper, we propose a packet scheduling discipline called packet loss fair scheduling, in which the packet loss of each user from different real‐time traffic is fairly distributed according to the quality of service requirements. We consider an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) system. The basic frame structure of the system is for the downlink in a cellular packet network, where the time axis is divided into a finite number of slots within a frame, and the frequency axis is segmented into subchannels that consist of multiple subcarriers. In addition, to compensate for fast and slow channel variation, we employ a link adaptation technique such as adaptive modulation and coding. From the simulation results, our proposed packet scheduling scheme can support QoS differentiations while guaranteeing short‐term fairness as well as long‐term fairness for various real‐time traffic.


Late gestation during pregnancy has been associated with a relatively high prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Intermittent hypoxia, a hallmark of OSA, could impose significant long‐term effects on somatic growth, energy homeostasis and metabolic function in offspring. Here we show that late gestation intermittent hypoxia induces metabolic dysfunction as reflected by increased body weight and adiposity index in adult male offspring that is paralleled by epigenomic alterations and inflammation in visceral white adipose tissue. Fetal perturbations by OSA during pregnancy impose long‐term detrimental effects manifesting as metabolic dysfunction in adult male offspring.