This study aims to determine the effect of third party funds, capital adequacy ratio, problem financing, and return on investment on MSME financing with case studies at Bank Muamalat, Bank Syariah Mandiri and Bank Syariah Mega. This study uses multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that the independent variables (the amount of third party funds, capital adequacy ratio, non perfoming financing, return on assets) as a whole contribute or contribute to the dependent variable (financing of SMEs) of 73.6% and the remaining 26.4% of other variables Not included and examined in the equation.


A two-step stereoselective preparation of a goldfish pheromone, 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one, is reported from the readily available cortexolone in 64% overall yield. The (20S)-epimer was also synthesized in three steps from cortexolone with an overall yield of 47%. A microscale chiroptical technique based on a host/guest complexation mechanism between the substrate and a dimeric metalloporphyrin host (tweezer) was used to confirm the stereochemical assignment, while Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations were employed to explain the high stereoselectivity induced by the 17α-hydroxyl and C18-methyl groups.


Here, we introduce a series of 14 papers generated from a symposium related to hydrogeomorphology that was part of the Fifth International Conference on Geomorphology. Additionally, recent developments in hydrogeomorphology are highlighted, particularly with respect to research in Japan. Linkages are drawn between natural hazards and the necessity to focus on hydrogeomorphic processes. Future research needs are discussed in the areas of temporal and spatial patterns of water and sediment dynamics, including the effects of distributed land management practices and interactions with natural hazards. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The utility model discloses a mold and a molded product. The mold is used for molding engineering plastics. The mold comprises an injection molding runner, a male die and a female die, wherein the male die and the female die form at least two cavities, and a branch injection molding runner is connected with each cavity; each cavity is connected with the injection molding runner through the branch injection molding runner; and the at least two cavities are same in corresponding shapes, but different in specifications. The mold disclosed by the utility model can be used for molding more than two LED (light-emitting diode) plastic lampshades with different thicknesses at the same time, and can be used for testing the effect of the thicknesses of the lampshades on the optical performance of an LED lamp bead.


The Department of Health and Ageing (DoHA) aims to protect and improve the health of all Australians. One of the ways DoHA works to achieve this is through preventing the entry of communicable diseases into Australia. This is achieved in partnership with Australia's border control agencies and with States and Territories.


Through searching the database of PubMed, this paper makes a statistical analysis on the figures and tables of 53 Chinese journals in the library of Xinxiang Medicine College collected by American IM including the number of the figures and tables,the format and style of all the components of figures and tables(serial numbers,titles,notes,bodies)and its English application proportion and usage, expecting to provide some reference on the editing and layouting of figures and tables for these journals included by American IM.


How effectively does the prison service meets its public sector equality duty in its treatment of non-religious offenders? Prisoners suffer a higher rate of bereavement, and the incarceration experience complicates the grief process at every stage. Unresolved or disenfranchised grief can lead to mental health problems and possible reoffending. Unfortunately, little bereavement support is available to offenders, and typically the main (or only) source of pastoral care is the prison chaplaincy. While chaplaincies aim to serve "prisoners of all faiths and none", this facility is not appropriate for everyone. Evidence suggests that many non-faith offenders feel uncomfortable engaging with religious services and so may not receive the support that they need. A lack of secular alternatives means that these inmates are often left to grieve alone and may experience poorer outcomes. Informed by the Equality Act 2010 and recent Supreme Court case law, this paper asks whether these differences in access and opportunity constitute unlawful discrimination - direct or indirect - against non-religious prisoners.


Objectives  P‐Glycoprotein (P‐gp) plays a central role in the development of resistance against cytostatics in anticancer therapy and against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) therapeutics of the HIV‐1 protease inhibitor type. An approach to reverse the so‐called multidrug resistance (MDR) phenomenon by the use of P‐gp inhibiting agents is a challenge in the therapy of cancer and AIDS. Effective in‐vitro inhibitors have P‐gp substrate properties so that the expected in‐vivo effects have been disappointing so far. Consequent higher dosages cause toxic effects.


A 57-year-old woman presented with a metastatic cervical node metastasis from an unknown primary melanoma. Following treatment with cervical lymphadenectomy and adjuvant interferon, she developed distant metastatic disease with the BRAF V600E mutation. Treatment was started with vemurafenib 960 mg/12 h plus cobimetinib 60 mg/24 h. A week later, she developed pruritic erythematous macules and papules with central duskiness and an erythematous halo mimicking erythema multiforme. The lesions, showing a centripetal predominance, affected the entire back, trunk, face, extremities, palms, and soles (Fig. 1a and b). She also had a fever of 38°C, odynophagia, asthenia, and adynamia. No mucosal lesions or cutaneous detachments were observed. Targeted treatment was suspended, and the patient was hospitalized and started on oral prednisone 1 mg/kg.


This paper discussed the model and algorithm of two-way intelligent matching between product quality and standard, and selected randomly 18 kinds of men's shirts products from Tmall Mall, and conducted the empirical test of two-way matching between product quality and standard with the designed standard,aiming at the limitation of the research on two-way intelligent matching at home and abroad, based on the fuzzy similarity theory in fuzzy mathematics. Through empirical test, it is found that the two-way matching model and algorithm given in this study is a universal, scientific and reasonable two-way matching model and algorithm of product quality and standard, which can support most of the two-way matching of product quality and standard, not only can enrich the two-way matching theory of product quality and standard, but also can be applied to the practice of economic and social development. The model and algorithm supports the two-way automatic matching of product quality and standard, and provides an important methodology for the research of National Quality Infrastructure (NQI) common technology.


Introduction Current research on micronutrient deficiency indicates positive outcomes associated with utilizing biofortified beans in mitigating nutrition-related iron and zinc deficiencies, primarily in Sub-Saharan Africa. The common bean is however not palatable in its raw state and requires cooking before consumption. Existing research on the cooking qualities and nutrient retention of these novel biofortified common bean varieties is nonetheless scant, notably in Burundi. Materials and methods This study determined water absorption capacity, cooking yield, cooking time, and iron and zinc retention of 9 biofortified common bean varieties with Kinure, a traditional non-biofortified variety, as the control. The study employed a 10 × 2 completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement. The first factor was bean varieties with ten levels, and the second was pre-treatment with two levels, soaking and not soaking. Standard methods were used to analyze cooking properties and mineral retention, and experiments replicated thrice. Data analysis was conducted at a 95% confidence level and included Analysis of Variance and t-test comparison studies. Post-hoc analysis was performed using Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference. Results and discussion Cooking properties and mineral retention varied significantly between soaked and unsoaked bean varieties (P < 0.05) and in comparison, to Kinure (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001). Water absorption capacity varied from 64.51% to 116.3%. Soaked beans recorded half the total cooking time needed to cook unsoaked beans (77.62 versus 156.86 minutes), had higher cooking yields (289.77% versus 259.82%), and reduced Fe (121.58 versus 167.8%) and Zn (127.74% versus 145.15%) retention. Compared to Kinure, soaking resulted in longer cooking times, lower cooking yields in the biofortified common beans, and an insignificant effect on their zinc retention. A significant correlation between iron and zinc retention (r = 0.445), water absorption capacity and iron retention (r = −0.0425) and water absorption capacity and zinc retention (r = −0.477) were recorded. Three clusters were also observed; iron and zinc retention, cooking yields, and water absorption capacity, and cooking time. It was observed that, soaking common beans before cooking reduces cooking time and increases cooking yield in both biofortified and traditional common bean varieties. Moreover, biofortified common beans are a good source of iron and zinc and could considerably alleviate micronutrient deficiencies, particularly in developing countries.


The serendipitous discovery of the antitumor properties of cisplatin by Barnett Rosenberg some forty years ago brought about a paradigm shift in the field of medicinal chemistry and challenged conventional thinking regarding the role of potentially toxic heavy metals in drugs. Platinum(II)-based anticancer drugs have since become some of the most effective and widely-used drugs in a clinician's arsenal and have saved countless lives. However, they are limited by high toxicity, severe side-effects and the incidence of drug resistance. In recent years, attention has shifted to stable platinum(IV) complexes as anticancer prodrugs. By exploiting the unique chemical and structural attributes of their scaffolds, these platinum(IV) prodrugs offer new strategies of targeting and killing cancer cells. This review summarizes the development of anticancer platinum(IV) prodrugs to date and some of the exciting strategies that utilise the platinum(IV) construct as targeted chemotherapeutic agents against cancer.


Coal mining is generally carried out through open pit mining methods which have an impact and become an obstacle to changes in the chemical, physical, and biological properties of the soil. Revegetation of reclaimed land is a priority in restoring ecosystems disrupted by mining activities. This study aims to assess the success of the direct planting method in accelerating the growth of Pterocarpus indicus plants in coal mining reclamation areas. Field data and observations are used to evaluate the growth of plants directly planted in reclaimed post-mining land. The growth parameters observed include plant height, stem diameter, and leaf count using both seedling and stem-cutting planting materials. The research results indicate that the direct planting method has a significant impact on accelerating the growth of Pterocarpus indicus plants. The plant height, diameter, and leaf count growth from the ANOVA test results showed a significant effect or significance at p<0.05 for the interaction between planting material, fertilizer, and dosage. The Duncan test results for the average plant height, stem diameter, and leaf count indicate the optimal use of bokashi fertilizer. The effective bokashi fertilizer dosage for each variable is 3 kg/plant - ing hole, resulting in a plant height of 102.31 cm; 3 kg/planting hole, resulting in a stem diameter of 24.26 cm; and 5 kg/planting hole, resulting in a leaf count of 41.32.


Armed with the knowledge that law students have unique and diverse learning styles, we have an opportunity and perhaps an obligation to mold our teaching to the way our students best learn new and difficult information. Through the vehicle of an demonstration lesson that was used in a first-year legal research and writing class at Stetson University College of Law, this article briefly illustrates what such molding might look like and accomplish in a legal research and writing classroom. The article first describes how the authors developed the demonstration lesson. It then describes the lesson itself, and it concludes with student and professor feedback on the lesson.


Background. Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cpn) has been proposed as a possible etiologic agent for multiple sclerosis (MS), but results of previous studies are conflicting. Methods. Using a nested case-control design, we examined the association between Cpn infection and MS in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and Nurses' Health Study II (NHS II) cohorts. Among 32,826 women in the NHS and 29,722 women in the NHS II with blood samples, 141 incident cases of definite or probable MS were documented. Each case was matched to two healthy controls on year of birth and NHS cohort. Serum samples were tested for the presence of Cpn-specific immunoglobin G antibodies using microimmunofluorescence. Results. Cpn immunoglobin G seropositivity was positively associated with risk of MS (odds ratio [OR] = 1.7; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1–2.7). This association did not change after adjusting for age at blood collection, ancestry, latitude of residence at birth, and smoking (OR = 1.9; CI = 1.1–3.1). Seropositivity for Cpn was only moderately associated with risk of relapsing-remitting MS (OR = 1.7; CI = 0.9–3.2), but it was strongly associated with risk of progressive MS (OR = 7.3; CI = 1.4–37.2). Geometric mean titers of Cpn-specific immunoglobin G antibody were similar in women with relapsing-remitting MS as compared with matched controls (44 vs 39), but they were elevated in women with progressive MS (99 vs 40). Conclusions. These results support a positive association between Cpn infection and progressive MS.


The targets for this program, PG1416-129 and LBQS 2212-1759 were known to be Broad Absorption Line Quasars (BALQSOs). BALQSOs are highly absorbed in soft X-rays. Good high energy response of Rossi-XTE made them ideal targets for observation. We observed LBQS 2212-1759 with PCA. We have now analyzed the data and found that the source was not detected. Since our target was expected to be faint, reliable estimate of background was very important. With the release of new FTOOLS (version 4.1) we were able to do so. We also analyzed a well known bright object and verified our results with the published data. This gave us confidence in the non-detection of our target LBQS 2212-1759. We are currently investigating the implications of this non-detection. Due to some scheduling problems, our second target PG1416-129 was not observed in A01. It was observed on 06/26/98. This target was detected with RXTE. We are now working on the spectral analysis with XSPEC.


On 1 July 2009, the Bainimarama regime announced
a road map for democracy that promised a transition
to parliamentary democratic rule by September 2014
(Ministry of National Planning 2009). An important
part of this road map were the plans for a constitution making process that would provide a 'solid foundation
and framework for the rebuilding of our nation'. To
ensure national ownership of the constitution, the
regime promised a participatory constitution-making
process that would involve political parties, the private
sector, civil society, non-government organisations,
and citizens of Fiji.


The surface-active properties of the psychotropic drugs triazolam and clotiazepam at a hanging mercury drop electrode allow their sensitive determination by differential-pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetry. The adsorptive stripping response has been evaluated with respect to accumulation time, accumulation potential, concentration dependence, electrolyte and pH. Determination limits are 6 × 10–10M for triazolam and clotiazepam with accumulation times of 4 and 10 min, respectively. Coefficients of variation at the 1 × 10–8M levels (six determinations) were typically <1.5%.


The widespread use of PSA testing has led to an increasing number of men being diagnosed with early stage prostate cancer, and at younger ages. Radical prostatectomy (RP) is a definitive treatment option for these patients, with excellent long-term results. Despite the advances made with nerve-sparing surgical techniques and the use of robotic-assisted laparoscopic procedures, the incidence of post-prostatectomy erectile dysfunction (ED) remains significant. Return of erectile function is not immediate, and may occur over 6 months to 4 years. In the Prostate Cancer Outcomes Study approximately 60% of men were impotent 18 months after RP; at 5 year follow-up, only 28% of men reported erections firm enough for intercourse, either with or without an erectile aid. Literature published over the last decade shows widely disparate rates of erectile function and dysfunction following RP. The incidence of complete ED, partial erectile function, and intact erectile function after RP ranges from 26-100%, 16-48%, and 9-86%, respectively. It is important to understand that after radical prostatectomy the ability to achieve the sensation of orgasm is not affected. However, ejaculation of seminal fluid no longer occurs since the seminal vesicles and prostate are absent. Patients will generally experience a "dry" orgasm although some patients may leak a small amount of urine with orgasm or secrete a drop of clear pre-ejaculate fluid from the glands of Litre in the urethra. With a decreasing average age at prostate cancer diagnosis and an increasing number of radical prostatectomies performed annually, postoperative sexual function is an important concern for many patients. In a prospective cohort of 580 patients treated with RP, external beam radiation therapy or brachytherapy for localized prostate cancer, sexual bother was much more common that urinary or bowel bother at all time points, regardless of the primary therapy. Some patients value sexual function so highly that they choose prostate cancer therapy that offers better potency with lower life expectancy than vice versa. Patient age, preoperative potency status, and extent of neurovascular bundle preservation have been identified as factors predictive of potency recovery after RP. Penile rehabilitation after radical prostatectomy has been advocated as a means of preserving erectile function following surgery. We review the pathophysiology of post-prostatectomy ED, the rationale for early penile rehabilitation, and the current strategies.


We show that the full matrix algebra Mat p (C) is a quantum commuta-tive U-module algebra for U = U q sℓ(2), a quantum sℓ(2) group at the 2pth root of unity. Mat p (C) decomposes into a direct sum of projective U-modules P + n with all odd n, 1 n p. In terms of generators and relations, this U-module algebra is described as the algebra of q-differential operators " in one variable " with the relations ∂ z = q − q −1 + q −2 z ∂ and z p = ∂ p = 0. These relations define a " parafermionic " statistics that generalizes the fermionic commutation relations. By the Kazhdan–Lusztig duality, it is to be realized in a manifestly quantum-group-symmetric description of (p, 1) logarithmic conformal field models. We extend the Kazhdan–Lusztig duality between U and the (p, 1) logarithmic models by constructing a quantum de Rham complex of the new U-module algebra.


Given an inclusion D $\subseteq$ C of unital C*-algebras, a unital completely positive linear map $\Phi$ of C into the injective envelope I(D) of D which extends the inclusion of D into I(D) is a pseudo-expectation. The set PsExp(C,D) of all pseudo-expectations is a convex set, and for abelian D, we prove a Krein-Milman type theorem showing that PsExp(C,D) can be recovered from its extreme points. When C is abelian, the extreme pseudo-expectations coincide with the homomorphisms of C into I(D) which extend the inclusion of D into I(D), and these are in bijective correspondence with the ideals of C which are maximal with respect to having trivial intersection with D.
Natural classes of inclusions have a unique pseudo-expectation (e.g., when D is a regular MASA in C). Uniqueness of the pseudo-expectation implies interesting structural properties for the inclusion. For example, when D $\subseteq$ C $\subseteq$ B(H) are W*-algebras, uniqueness of the pseudo-expectation implies that D' $\cap$ C is the center of D; moreover, when H is separable and D is abelian, we characterize which W*-inclusions have the unique pseudo-expectation property.
For general inclusions of C*-algebras with D abelian, we characterize the unique pseudo-expectation property in terms of order structure; and when C is abelian, we are able to give a topological description of the unique pseudo-expectation property.
Applications include: a) if an inclusion D $\subseteq$ C has a unique pseudo-expectation $\Phi$ which is also faithful, then the C*-envelope of any operator space X with D $\subseteq$ X $\subseteq$ C is the C*-subalgebra of C generated by X; b) for many interesting classes of C*-inclusions, having a faithful unique pseudo-expectation implies that D norms C. We give examples to illustrate the theory, and conclude with several unresolved questions.


The first epitaxial ferroelectric wurtzite film with clear polarization-electric field hysteresis behavior is presented. The coercive field of this epitaxial Al0.7Sc0.3N film on W/csapphire substrate is 0.4 ± 0.3 MV cm (8 %) smaller than that of a conventional fiber textured film on a Pt/TiOx/SiO2/Si substrate, attributed to the 0.01 ± 0.007 Å smaller c-axis lattice parameter in the epitaxial film. The strain and decrease of the coercive field most likely originate from epitaxial strain rather than the mismatch in thermal coefficient of expansion. These results provide an insight for further coercive field reduction of novel wurtzite ferroelectrics using epitaxial mismatch strain. Nitride wurtzite materials form the basis of a wide range of semiconductor, piezoelectric, and optoelectronics devices. Recent reports of ferroelectricity in Al1-xScxN films 4,5 promise to expand the application space even further, but broad adoption in low power devices will likely require significant reduction of the coercive fields (~3-5 MV cm). Increasing Sc content in Al1xScxN reduces the coercive field because of the corresponding reduction in the c/a ratio. 4,5 However, this method is limited in effect because increased Sc content is also associated with degraded structural quality due to the strong thermodynamic driving force for phase separation as well as increased leakage, in part because of the much smaller band gap of ScN. Ideally, one would like to significantly reduce coercive field without degrading band gap or, more directly, breakdown field. A complementary approach to alloying is strain engineering, as the coercive field of wurtzite ferroelectrics is relatively sensitive to mechanical stresses, similar to conventional perovskite ferroelectrics, attributed to the electromechanical thermodynamic coupling. It is known that sputtering process parameters influence residual stress, and both substrate stacks and deposition parameters are commonly used to engineer stress states in AlN and related films. Strain engineering via epitaxial growth has become commonplace in many systems but has not previously been applied to tune the coercive field in the Al1-xScxN system. An additional potential benefit of epitaxial confinement is the stabilization of the wurtzite phase in high Sc content Al1xScxN, analogous to realizing a metastable perovskite phase via epitaxial growth. 15–17 Several prior studies have grown epitaxial wurtzite films on sapphire substrates, and the mechanism and epitaxial relationship have been thoroughly investigated. Although Al1-xScxN epitaxial films on sapphire substrates have also been reported no ferroelectric response was reported for those films. To perform ferroelectric switching, fabricating a parallel capacitor device is favorable. The ideal bottom electrode between the film and the sapphire substrate should be a material with high chemical stability for sharp interfaces grown epitaxially on the sapphire substrate. BCC tungsten has been grown epitaxially on sapphire substrates: W (111) out of plane orientation on c-sapphire via chemical vapor deposition and W (100) on r-sapphire via electron beam evaporation and chemical vapor deposition method. Also, the formation energy of hexagonal WN2 (-50 kJ mol ) or WN (-25 kJ mol) is less negative than that of AlN (-145 kJ mol), so that interdiffusion via the reactions W + 2AlN → WN2 + 2Al or W + AlN → WN + Al is thermodynamically unfavorable, and a sharp interface can be maintained. In this study, the first epitaxial ferroelectric Al0.7Sc0.3N film on W/c-sapphire is presented. The in-plane alignment for the epitaxial film is implied as [110] AlScN//[001] W and [1-10] W//[110] sapphire. The epitaxial film exhibits considerable decrease of the out-of-plane lattice parameter c (~0.01 ± 0.007 Å) as well as coercive field (~400 ± 300 kV cm) when compared to a conventional fiber-textured film on a platinized silicon substrate. The origin of the lattice parameter and coercive field decrease is likely from epitaxial strain rather than mismatch in thermal coefficient of expansion. This study therefore suggests that epitaxy can be an additional powerful tool for engineering the coercive field of uniaxial ferroelectrics such as Al1-xScxN. Epitaxial W and Al0.7Sc0.3N were deposited via (reactive) RF magnetron sputtering using baseline growth conditions as follows: 5 mtorr of Ar, target-substrate distance of 129 mm, and target power of 7.7 W/cm on a 3" diameter elemental W target, and 2 mtorr of Ar/N2 (15/5 sccm flow), target-substrate distance of 165 mm, and target power of 6.6 W/cm on a 3" diameter Al0.7Sc0.3 alloy target (Stanford Advanced Materials) for Al0.7Sc0.3N growth. Slight changes in Al0.7Sc0.3N deposition condition (Ar/N2 = 14/6 sccm, 183 mm target-substrate distance, 1.5 mtorr deposition pressure) were used to induce variations in structure and properties of the films, resulting in thickness variation in the 200 – 270 nm range. The substrate temperature was 400 C and the substrate was rotated for both depositions. For Al0.7Sc0.3N growth, the base pressure, partial oxygen and water vapor pressure at 400 C are < 5 × 10 torr, PO2 < 2 × 10 -8 torr and PH2O < 3 × 10 torr, respectively. The W/c-sapphire substrate as well as a conventional Pt/TiOx/SiO2/Si substrate were mounted side-by-side for direct comparison of the subsequent films. The crystal structure of the films is investigated using X-ray diffraction (Panalytical Empyrean). Top Pt contacts 110 μm in diameter were deposited on the Al0.7Sc0.3N films via DC sputtering through a shadow mask for ferroelectric (P-E) measurements using a Precision Multiferroic system from Radiant Technologies. The XRD data for crystal structure analysis is shown in Figure 1. Typical out-of-plane 2 profiles for the films on W/c-sapphire and Pt/TiOx/SiO2/Si substrates indicate the pure wurtzite Al0.7Sc0.3N phase with the out-of-plane (001) texture (Figure 1(a)). In addition, W (110) is also preferably oriented on c-sapphire unlike a previous study showing (111)W/c-sapphire. This orientation variation likely originates from the (110) and (111) surface energy competing on the c-sapphire plane; the triangular matching of W (111) to sapphire (001) lowers the W (111) surface energy relative to the W (110) surface energy, which is the lowest-energy surface for a BCC metal in vacuum (Figure S1). This is directly analogous to epitaxial BCC Ta / c-sapphire reported previously. In this current study, W (110) is the exclusively dominant orientation. The pole figure of the off-axis (103) plane of the Al0.7Sc0.3N film on W/c-sapphire exhibits 6-fold symmetry, while the Al0.7Sc0.3N film on Pt/TiOx/SiO2/Si exhibits random in-plane orientation (Figure 1(b)). Thus, the Al0.7Sc0.3N film grows epitaxially on the W/c-sapphire substrate, whereas the film on the Pt/TiOx/SiO2/Si substrate possesses a fiber texture. The epitaxial relationship among Al0.7Sc0.3N, W and sapphire is that W [1-10] aligns to c-sapphire [110] , and Al0.7Sc0.3N is 30 o rotated with regard to c-sapphire based on the pole figures of c-sapphire, W and Al0.7Sc0.3N showing 6-fold symmetry and appear at the same phi angle (Figure S2). Note that W has three variants. Although this c-sapphire wurtzite 30 rotation was widely reported and rigorously investigated in direct epitaxy on c-sapphire, the mechanism in our case is different from the earlier study due to the existence of the W layer between them. The prior study explained this orientation preference in terms of the Al and Sc ions being comfortably accommodated in an oxygen tetrahedral coordination site at the sapphire surface, but the W (110) surface has no such oxygen sublattice site. Given the bulk lattice parameters of these materials, the Al0.7Sc0.3N a-axis most likely aligns to the in-plane W c-axis, so that Al0.7Sc0.3N rotates 30 o against c-sapphire (Figure 1(c)). Reciprocal space maps used for detailed crystal structure analysis are shown in Figure 1(d). Upper figures are the maps on a plane in reciprocal space including sapphire (006) and (110) reciprocal lattice vectors (phi = 0) whereas bottom figures are on a plane possessing (006) and (210) reciprocal lattice vectors (phi = 30). From the positions of the W (220), (400) and (222) reciprocal lattice vectors, the W lattice structure is: a = b = 3.169 Å, c = 3.157 Å and  = 90.0. Thus, the W is tetragonally distorted (c/a = 0.996), likely caused by partial epitaxial confinement at the semi-coherent interface as the W [1-10] is not fully constrained to the sapphire [110]. This W strain is unlikely originated from the thermal expansion coefficient mismatch strain since the W thermal expansion coefficient (5 × 10 K) is smaller than that of a-axis sapphire (7.3 × 10 K). The positions of the Al0.7Sc0.3N film (004) and (114) reciprocal space vectors show the lattice parameters to be a = 3.252 and c = 4.979 (c/a = 1.531). These values are comparable to other reported Al1-xScxN thin films 3,5 and show that the Al0.7Sc0.3N [110] is also not fully constrained to the W [001]. Figure 2(a) shows P-E hysteresis loops for Pt/Al0.7Sc0.3N/W/c-sapphire and Pt/Al0.7Sc0.3N/Pt/TiOx/SiO2/Si capacitors measured using an excitation electric field of 10 kHz. The nested loops were measured for gradually-reduced maximum electric fields. Clear wellsaturated ferroelectric hysteresis loops are observed for both the epitaxial and fiber-textured films, proving the ferroelectric switching occurs for both the epitaxial and fiber films. At the highest applied electric field (~6 MV cm), polarization swelling (~10 C cm) for both the films is observed, which is most likely attributed to leakage current contribution. Figure 2(b) shows the remanent polarization (+Pr-(-Pr)/2) as a function of the applied electric fields for the two films. The polarization is well saturated above the respective coercive fields, reaching values of ~120 C cm, consistent with literature values for films of similar composition.


A surprisingly small amount of information exists about early symptoms of learning disorders becoming evident during the first years at school. Only one relation seems to carry some degree of reliability: Early language deficits and /or retardation of language acquisition and later learning disorders including dyslexia. Because of these limitations, a more pragmatic approach is recommended. Questionnaires can be used asking for specific and age-related skills, involving the existence and good functioning of strategically working and concept-building central structures. Children with deficits in these structures will develop and experience dysfunctions in their cognitive, social and motor abilities. Consequently, they present behavioural problems


Electronic media creating political awareness among people in city D.G Khan because in Dera Ghazi Khan City there is lack of re-creational places. The researcher finds out the awareness level of people and their political participation regarding politics and news channels/talk shows. News, Talk Shows/current affairs are helpful in changing the behavior of the people, political views, political scenario and political development. Usually most of the people were watching news and talk shows on cable TV. Most of the respondents said that news channels affect on society. In this research most of the respondents said that news channels help people to understand political issues and news channels are credible source of information. Electronic media should be used to create a positive political awareness among the people of the area by showing them such programs which are based on reality in society, through it social integration and the goal of national solidarity can be achieved. "The population of present study consisted of all the male and female have education above intermediate, aged 20-40 years and living in D.G.Khan city.


China's supply and marketing cooperatives play an important role in the depth of management for the agriculture, rural areas and farmers service and agricultural and sideline products. This paper analyzes the plight of this industry to participate in agricultural and sideline products business and the problems of enterprises in operating management and financial management, and finally puts forward suggestions and countermeasures from six aspects.


If enacted, the Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act would
subject prospective debtors under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code to a means test to
determine whether they could liquidate under chapter 7 or reorganize under chapter 13.
Large outstanding medical expenses alone will not determine eligibility to liquidate or
reorganize. They will, however, affect the means test in one of two ways. Prebankruptcy
health care expenses are likely to raise the amount of a debtor's unsecured debt. Health
insurance premiums and ongoing costs for care of the debtor's dependents may be
deducted from the debtor's monthly income to determine the level of disposable income.


Objective To investigate the feasibility of using Long-PCR to estimate the residue transmissibility after ~(60)Co-gamma irradiation of the Pseudorabies virus(PRV). Methods We designed five pairs of primers according to the conservative region of the gD gene to PRV and amplified the extracted nucleic acid after ~(60)Co irradiation of the PRV.Cell culture was performed at the same time to serve as control.Results The destruction of PRV nucleic acid was dose dependent on ~(60)Co-gammar radiation.Virus destruction increased with increasing dose of irradiation,with complete viral inactivation at a dose of over 20kGy.Only the detection of 3.9kb fragment was consistent with the result of cell culture. Conclusion γ-~(60)Co destruction of PRV nucleic acid was depended the dose of irradiation.Using Long PCR fragment(3.9kb) to estimate the residue infectivity was feasible after the irradiation.


1. Historical Review. The history of our knowledge of this subject is complicated and curious, and is not quite correctly narrated in any English publication, not even by Balfour in his account of the development of Crustacea (Comparative Embryology, vol. i). The story begins with the establishment and definition of the genus Phyllosoma by Leach in 1818. Various succeeding zoologists included descriptions of species of Phyllosoma in their works, but the result of all previous investigations are included by Milne Edwards in the comprehensive account of the genus given in his Hist. Nat. des Crustacés, vol. ii, 1837. The state of knowledge at that time may be briefly summarised as follows:—The Crustaceans known by the name Phyllosoma had been found near the surface of the ocean in various parts of the world. They varied in size from less than half an inch to two inches. They were, when alive, of glassy transparency; the body was remarkably flat, and expanded horizontally, while the limbs were long, slender, and biramous. The body consisted of three parts; firstly, a head having the form of an oval leaf, bearing at its anterior extremity a pair of eyes on long stalks and two pairs of simple antennæ. The mouth was situated beneath the middle or posterior third of the head, and surrounded by an upper and lower lip, a pair of maxillæ, and the first pair of maxillæ. The second pair of maxillæ and the first pair of maxillipeds were rudimentary and situated behind the mouth. The second part of the body was the thorax, quite as flat but not so large as the head; it was usually broader than long.


A hollow cavity filter comprises a cavity body, a cover plate and a plurality of resonating tubes. A plurality of screw holes are arranged on the cover plate and each screw hole is matched with a tuning screw, and is used to adjust the resonance frequency of the hollow cavity filter. Each resonating tube comprises a resonant cavity with an opening on the top portion, the resonant cavity is respectively arranged opposite to the screw hole, the bottom of the resonant cavity is respectively fixed on a base through a fixing screw, wherein the screw head top surface of the fixing screw is a smoothcircular-arc surface and can prevent metal chips which are generated when the tuning screw adjusts the resonance frequency of the hollow cavity filter from accumulating, the bottom of the resonant cavity of the resonating tube is provided with adhesive tap with viscosity on two surfaces, and the adhesive tape is used to absorb the metal chips. The hollow cavity filter provided by the utility modeleffectively improves the three-step harmonic wave distortion problems generated due to the metal chips of the hollow cavity filter, and guarantees the stability of the product performance.


That marked reactions of those portions of the nervous system which regulate the activity of the thoracic and abdominal organs and the skin do contribute characteristically to the phenomena of emotion has long been common knowledge. In descriptions of emotion furnished in recent years by certain leading psychologists these purely physiological processes have been given a place more important than was attributed to them formerly.


The purpose of this study was to determine the personal reading interests of students in the third, fourth and fifth grades and to determine if advances in technology in the past twenty years have changed their reading interests.


Based on the narrative therapy technology,combined with the characteristics of worship members,this paper expounds the application of narrative therapy in the worship members transformation,namely story narrative,problem externalizing,deconstruction heart,found the unique results and life,and discusses the four problems that should pay attention to in the application of the method,hoping to provide a kind of new way for worship members transformation,help worship members escape from worship and return to society as soon as possible.


In the article, the authors present an analysis of published data on international scientific community thought about the issue of care for acute stroke and the need for stroke centers, suggest an approximate description of stroke centers that are recommended for introduction in Kyiv and Ukraine. Description consists of the general provisions, the main tasks of the center, functions, center management, recommendations for specialized centers for the treatment of stroke (emergency diagnostics, general examination and treatment of complications of a stroke).


A combined grating structure is proposed to improve light absorption over the spectrum range 300-900 nm. The absorption enhancement comes from front dielectric grating and the interaction between the front dielectric and back metal gratings.


CRD summary The published data on hyperfractionated radiotherapy were of limited quality, making it difficult to draw conclusions. However, hyperfractionated radiotherapy has higher rates of acute toxicity compared with conventional radiotherapy. Therefore it should not be offered routinely to adults with newly-diagnosed, locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. The data presented in this review support these conclusions.


Hydroxyalkyl- or aminoalkyl-substituted N-fused heteroaromatic compounds can be efficiently accessed via an organocatalytic [3 + 2]-annulation strategy. The developed cascades proceed in a highly enantioselective manner and benefit from broad substrate scope, operational simplicity, easily available starting materials as well as low catalyst loadings.


Concubines resulted from the marriage system of monogamy with several concubines,and the system of concubines developed to the top in the Qing Dynasty.The combination or the separation of the concubines and the family leader was not so much marriage or divorce as setting or canceling a contract.Concubines' status was inferior,and they were not free to follow their own inclination.They bore heavy and harsh civil obligations,but they could only enjoy extremely limited civil rights.


Appropriately, perhaps, the literature of library acquisitions is largely devoted to topics such as records management, vendor evaluation, selection sources, fugitive materials, budgeting, etc., rather than to the accounting aspects of acquisitions work. In core librarianship textbooks the same pattern applies, a small minority only addressing themselves to purchasing procedures in any detail. This paper attempts to reconsider the applicability of centralized and standardized purchasing procedures such as prevail in large‐scale public or commercial organisations for the purposes of library acquisitions, and offers some comment on the potential impact of automation in this context.


The carbene CHF2·CF: has been generated by pyrolysis of trifluoro- and trimethyl-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethylsilane [(1a) and (1b)], and relative rates measured for its addition reactions with propene, cis-but-2-ene, and trifluoroethylene, and its insertion reactions with trimethylsilane and isobutane, all relative to the rate of its isomerisation to trifluoroethylene. The isomerisation is a unimolecular reaction in its fall-off region, having p1/2= 125–430 mmHg at 440–623 K. By fitting RRKM (Forst method) predictions to the fall-off plots, using an estimated A-factor of 1013.4 s–1, the activation energy for the isomerisation is found to be ca. 96 kJ mol–1. The addition and insertion reactions have A-factors which appear to approach the collision rate-constant (1011.4 dm3 mol–1 s–1) and activation energies around 47–50 kJ mol–1.


Abstract : The atomic bomb detonation at Bikini during Operation Crossroads offered the opportunity for exposing various biological materials including corn seed to ionizing radiation. This experiment with corn was designed to determine the effects of radiation from the atomic bomb in causing (1) alterations of the chromosome mechanism of heredity; (2) direct injurious action on the plants grown from the treated seed; and (3) sterility due to chromosomal derangement and other causes. For purposes of comparison duplicate samples of seed were exposed to measured dosages of X-rays ranging from 5,000 r to 25,000 r units. (Author)


Almost always in the history of mankind, religion represented a very important part of the life of different communities or, later on, nations. In our times, in Europe, for example, religion does not have the same power and influence like it used to have in the past centuries. On the other hand, in the countries from the Middle East religion represents a way of life or at least it has a great influence on everyday living. For example, many legislative codes of the Arab countries are build up after religious codes of law. The goal of this article is to call attention to the political and religious encounters between Christians and Muslims in two major cities and principalities from southern Italy (Salerno and Benevento), in the second half of the ninth century. The article will emphasize, bringing historical proof of Latin translation of some papal registers, the fact that Christianity and Islam were only used as the interest required to be most useful for political advantage and territorial domination.


Instantaneous following PWM control technique is pulsed nonlinear dynamic control method This new control technique using analog Integrator is proposed to control the duty ratio D of dc-dc converter In this control method, the duty ratio of a switch is exactly equal to or proportional to the control reference In the steady state or in a transient. Proposed control method compensates power source perturbation In one switching cycle, and the average value of the dynamic reference In one switching cycle. There is no steady state error nor dynamic error between the control reference and the average value of the switched variable. Experiments W1th buck converter have demonstrated the robustness of the control method and verified theoretical prediction. The control method is very general and applicable to all type PWM


SUMMARY Yield and yield components of glasshouse- and field-grown mixtures (blends) of near isogenic, highly resistant (HR) and highly susceptible (HS) oat lines increased significantly more than increases attributable to increasing proportions of HR plants in the blends. Disease index (DI) and lodging index (LI) of field stands were highly positively correlated (r = 0.95), while both DI and LI also had high negative correlations with grain yield (r =-0.87, and -0.95, respectively). The percentage of diseased seedlings in greenhouse mixtures decreased significantly more than decreases due to decreasing proportions of HS plants. Glasshouse stands of HS seedlings developed significantly fewer roots than developed by HR seedlings, or by 1: 1 mixture (plant/plant) of the two lines. Soil samples from the rhizosphere of field blends with 20%+ HR plants had significantly fewer Helminthosporium victoriae spores than those from samples with lower proportions. In both field and glasshouse experiments, alfalfa had no significant interaction with disease incidence or yield. The buffering of HS plants against Victoria blight incidence by HR plants in mixtures is suggested.


Emin's condemnation of D'Annunzio is an extraordinarily deep, complex, precise and meticulous literary-artistic display of (Rijeka's) historical hysteria which completely resonates with the subtitle's term – chronohysteria. This fact does not in any way lessen either the historical "accuracy" or, even less so, the literary-artistic value of the novel. Indeed, Emin anticipates postmodernist literature, through his reflective view of history in which his testimony shows the relativity and complexity of historical truth.


Context. In planet-forming disks, deuterated species like DCO+ often show up in rings. Two chemical formation routes contribute: cold deuteration at temperatures below 30 K and warm deuteration at temperatures up to 80 K.
Aims. We aim to reproduce the DCO+ emission in the disk around HD 163296 using a simple 2D chemical model for the formation of DCO+ through the cold deuteration channel and a parametric treatment of the warm deuteration channel.
Methods. We use data from ALMA in band 6 to obtain a resolved spectral imaging data cube of the DCO+ J = 3–2 line in HD 163296 with a synthesized beam of 0.′′53 × 0.′′42. We adopt a physical structure of the disk from the literature that reproduces the spectral energy distribution. We then apply a simplified chemical network for the formation of DCO+ that uses the physical structure of the disk as parameters along with a CO abundance profile, a constant HD abundance, and a constant ionization rate. We model the contribution of the warm deuteration channel with two parameters: an effective activation temperature and a constant abundance. Finally, from the resulting DCO+ abundances, we calculate the non-LTE emission using the 3D radiative transfer code LIME.
Results. The observed DCO+ emission is reproduced by a model with cold deuteration producing abundances up to 1.6 × 10−11. Warm deuteration, at a constant abundance of 3.2 × 10−12, becomes fully effective below 32 K and tapers off at higher temperatures, reproducing the lack of DCO+ inside 90 AU. Throughout the DCO+ emitting zone a CO abundance of 2 × 10−7 is found, with ~99% of it frozen out below 19 K. At radii where both cold and warm deuteration are active, warm deuteration contributes up to 20% of DCO+, consistent with detailed chemical models. The decrease in DCO+ at large radii is attributed to a temperature inversion at 250 AU, which raises temperatures above values where cold deuteration operates. Increased photodesorption may also limit the radial extent of DCO+. The corresponding return of the DCO+ layer to the midplane, together with a radially increasing ionization fraction, reproduces the local DCO+ emission maximum at ~260 AU.
Conclusions. We can successfully reproduce the observed morphology of DCO+ at large radii by only considering the dependence on temperature in the chemical reactions that produce it. Predictions on the location of DCO+ within the disk from simple models depend strongly on the gas temperature. Outer disk temperature inversions, expected when grains decouple from the gas and drift inward, can lead to secondary maxima in DCO+ emission and a reduction of its radial extent. This can appear as an outer emission ring, and can be used to identify a second CO desorption front.


Background: Considerable number of cases of firecracker injuries is reported during the festive season of Diwali in India. The purpose of this study is to identify the clinico-epidemiological patterns of ocular injuries caused by firecrackers during this period. Methods: This was a prospective case series of patients attending eye OPD with ocular trauma sustained by Firecrackers during the festive season of Diwali, 2016 in a Tertiary Care Centre in Surat. Demographic data of all the patients and type of firecracker causing injury were noted. Ocular examination of all patients was performed at the time of presentation and on follow-up. Treatment received by the patients was noted. Results: Out of total 20 patients, 85% were male (17 out of 20). Mean age of the patients was 12.15 years and majority of patients (45%) were of 6 to 10 years' age group. Most patients (85%) sustained injury by Single shot crackers like Bijili crackers and Timing bombs. The injuries reported ranged from Eyelid burns, conjunctival or corneal burns to partial thickness corneal tear and macular scar formation with interventions ranging from ocular wash with saline to repair of partial thickness corneal tear. Many of the injuries were caused because of negligence. Corneal epithelial defect was the most frequent injury (affecting 96% of the total no. of eyes affected) followed by Eyelid burns (affecting 56% of the total no. of eyes affected). Cases having visual impairment or blindness had corneal and/or retinal involvement. Conclusions: Ocular trauma resulting from firecrackers can lead to significant ocular morbidity and permanent blindness and is a preventable cause. All steps must be taken through public awareness and legislation to ensure that firecrackers are used in a safe manner during Diwali celebrations. The medical professionals should be adequately trained to give primary emergency care which has a key role in the visual outcome.


Objective: To develop a model for preeclampsia (PE) in twin pregnancies based on maternal demographic characteristics and medical history and biomarkers at 11-13 weeks' gestation. Methods: This was a screening study in twin pregnancies at 11-13 weeks' gestation. Bayes theorem was used to combine the a priori risk from maternal factors with various combinations of uterine artery pulsatility index (UTPI), mean arterial pressure (MAP), serum pregnancy associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) and placental growth factor (PLGF) multiple of the median (MoM) values. The performance of screening for PE requiring delivery at <32, <37 and <42 weeks' gestation was estimated in 1,100 twin pregnancies and 35,948 singleton pregnancies with complete data on UTPI, MAP, PLGF and PAPP-A. Results: In twin pregnancies that developed PE, the values of MAP and UTPI were increased and PLGF and PAPP-A were decreased. The distributions of log10 multiple of the median (MoM) values of biomarkers with gestational age at delivery were similar to those that were previously reported in singleton pregnancies and it was therefore This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as doi: 10.1002/uog.17531 A cc ep te d A rti cl e assumed that the same model can be used for both singleton and twin pregnancies. The performance of screening for PE by maternal factors was improved by the addition of MAP, UTPI and PLGF; there was no further improvement with the addition of PAPP-A. In a mixed population of singleton and twin pregnancies combined screening by maternal factors, MAP, UTPI and PLGF and risk cut-off of 1 in 75 for PE at <37 weeks, the detection rate of PE at <32, <37 and <42 weeks in singleton pregnancies was 91%, 77% and 57%, respectively, at screen positive rate (SPR) of 13%; the respective rates for twin pregnancies were 100%, 99% and 97%, at SPR of 75%. Conclusions: First-trimester combined screening for PE in singleton pregnancies can be adapted for screening in twins leading to detection of nearly all affected cases but at a high SPR.


One of the limitation of continuous variable quantum key distribution is relatively short transmission distance of secure keys. In order to overcome the limitation, some solutions have been proposed such as reverse reconciliation, trusted noise concept, and non-Gaussian operation. In this paper, we propose a protocol using photon subtraction at receiver which utilizes synergy of the aforementioned properties. By simulations, we show performance of the proposed protocol outperforms other conventional protocols. We also find the protocol is more efficient in a practical case. Finally, we provide a guide for provisioning a system based on the protocol through an analysis for noise from a channel.


The possibility of self-consistency within the pseudopotential method is demonstrated for Si. A smooth real-space model potential for Si'+ is shown to lead to a pseudopotential which is self-consistent with its pseudocharge density in the Hartree-Fock-Slater sense, and gives an energy-band spectrum whose optical gaps agree with experiment. The successes empirically chosen pseudopotentials have had in the calculation of the energy bands and optical properties of a wide class of solids have been amply documented. ~ Less firmly established is the treatment of pseudocharge densities calculated from these potentials as if they were actual charge densities. The fundamental difficulty in making this identification is the fact that pseudo-wave-functions lack the oscillations in the atom-core regions which are present in the actual valence wave functions. Walter and Cohen have recently shown that the total pseudocharge in the region of the covalent bond in several semiconductors correlates well with the empirically assigned bond charge. While this calculation supports the physical significance of the pseudocharge (away from the cores), it raises another question. Walter and Cohen use an empirical pseudopotential whose Fourier components are set equal to zero for reciprocal-lattice vectors larger than (3, 1, 1). This cannot be synthesized into a sensible coordinate-space ion potential. Correspondingly, they take many more Fourier components into account in synthesizing their charge densities. This leaves open the possibility that the pseudocharge density only "works" in combination with a potential with which it cannot be self-consistent. In this paper, we have investigated this question and found that a sensible real-space model potential for Si can give a self-consistent pseudopotential and pseudocharge, while simultaneously fitting the experimentally determined band structure. This lends further support to the physical significance of pseudocharge densities. A smooth three-parameter model potential for Si~ is constructed as follows: The ionic charge


Service Oriented Computing is branded as the software engineering trend which will reshape the way distributed applications and systems are built. This new trend has reformed existing distributed application development paradigms such as grid and peer-to-peer (p2p) paradigms. Although, the notion of service has been firmly incorporated within the grid computing paradigm, the p2p computing paradigm has not ensued a similar approach. Hence, existing p2p computing frameworks and platforms have leveraged proprietary approaches in incorporating the notion of service.


Abstract Objectives. Studies on the serotonin transporter (SERT) with regard to neurogenesis and neuroplastic effects on the adult brain are scarce. This is intriguing since neurogenesis is believed to play a decisive role in modulating the effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), which are targeting SERT. Methods. Therefore, we reviewed the current scientific literature about the influence of serotonin on neurogenesis with particular emphasis on SERT in various settings, both in vivo and in vitro. Results. Experiments using SERT KO (knock-out) animal models showed that SERT does not directly or indirectly influence neurogenesis in vitro, whereas compensatory mechanism seem to participate in vivo. Conclusion. At least with regard to adult neural stem cells, the impact of serotonin (5-HT) on neuroplasticity and neurogenesis is not due to SERT-mediated effcts. Instead, serotonergic fine-tuning may be exerted by a number of other different mechanisms including endogenous production of 5-HT in adult neural stem cells, uptake of 5-HT into adult neural stem cells by other monoamine transporters, and actions of the 5-HT1A receptors present on these cells.


Abstract Urban megaprojects that aim to attract and spatially accommodate (inter)national investment money have played a prominent role in urban policies in Europe in the last three decades. The 2007 global economic and real-estate crisis has disturbed the context in which contemporary projects are developed. Have projects been able to respond to these changing settings? We regard the management challenge that these projects face as the ambidextrous challenge of combining exploitative and explorative activities. In-depth fieldwork has been conducted on Ørestad in Copenhagen, a project that originated in the early 1990s. We analyse its pre- and post-crisis responses to this challenge and conclude that its particular new town development model has hampered its performance in this regard.


The genetic algorithm (GA) and extract sample back-analysis method (ESBM) are adopted to identify structural parameter. The result of identification is dicussed in details. The two methods in this paper are proved to be effective by calculating example. Based on the result, structural dynamic response is estimated. The result showed that GA method is more effective.


In this blog Alex de Waal and Rachel Ibreck explore the provision of justice and security within the 'Protection of Civilians' sites in South Sudan, drawing on extensive research in the Juba and Bentiu sites. A new JSRP paper by Rachel Ibreck and Naomi Pendle provides fuller details of this research.


Although the dayside ionosphere of Venus is often "field-free" except for fine scale features, large scale, steady ionospheric magnetic fields with magnitudes sometimes exceeding 100 gammas are occasionally observed by the Pioneer Venus Orbiter magnetometer. These fields are mainly horizontal and can assume any angle in the horizontal plane. The orientation of the field may change along the spacecraft trajectory. The field magnitude in the upper ionosphere usually shows a distinct minimum near ∼200 km altitude, but the altitude profile is otherwise arbitrary. With few exceptions, the observations of these large scale fields occur when periapsis is at solar zenith angles <50°. The occurrence of large scale fields is often coincident with the observation of high solar wind dynamic pressures by the Pioneer Venus Orbiter plasma analyzer closely following the ionosphere encounter. However, the detection of this phenomenon even during some orbits for which the dynamic pressure is not extraordinarily high suggests that other factors, such as hysteresis effects, must also play a role in determining the occurrence frequency of large scale magnetic fields in the dayside Venus ionosphere.


Wireless telecommunications operators of the subscriber is a mobile telephone or system that can perform financial transactions connectable electronic device to a wireless communication network. The system is composed of a transaction processing platform, is installed in the telecommunications business's computer, is connected to the wireless communication network, take the other elements and interfaces of telecommunications operators, to manage the financial transactions account, the sending subscriber the financial transactions and verification / execution were, confirmation of the transaction, the creation of account statements, perform other tasks, such as reporting. The system also subscribers of the mobile phone or connecting an electronic device or mobile telephone or inserted subscriber identity module to connect an electronic device (SIM for GSM,, UIM for CDMA, USIM for 3G UMTS nad) de execution to the client software de constructed.


The present work was undertaken to develop a composite osmotic distillation (OD) membrane consisting of a thin hydrogel coating on a microporous hydrophobic substrate for the concentration of aqueous feeds containing surface-active agents. The range of OD applications using the hydrophobic membrane alone have been severely limited by the propensity for membrane wet-out when contacted by amphiphilic agents such as oils, fats and detergents. Wet-out allows the feed solution to track freely through the membrane pores with a resulting loss of solutes and a decrease in selectivity. The rationale for the approach taken was based on the hypothesis that the high water selectivity of the hydrophilic coating would maintain good water mass transfer to the underlying hydrophobic substrate but exclude other components including surface-active agents. The first stage of this work involved the identification of potential coating materials and the fabrication and structural characterization of films of these materials to determine their suitability. The second stage involved the development of techniques to facilitate adhesion of the hydrophilic coatings to the hydrophobic substrate, and the testing of the resulting composite membranes for OD performance and resistance to wet-out by surfaceactive agents. Sodium alginate was selected as the major coating component on the basis of its nontoxicity and its potential for stable hydrogel formation. Structural characterization of noncrosslinked films and films crosslinked using a water-soluble carbodiimide (WSC) was carried out using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and swelling measurements. Maximum crosslinking through esterification of hydroxyl and carboxylic acid groups on adjacent polymer strands using the film immersion method was achieved with a nonsolvent (ethanol) concentration of 60 vol % and a WSC concentration of 100 mM at pH 4. These conditions resulted in a hydrogel with an equilibrium water content of 60 wt %. DSC measurements of noncrosslinked and crosslinked alginate films showed an increase in crystallinity and hence rigidity on crosslinking. Therefore, several coatings were prepared as blends of sodium alginate and amorphous highly flexible


PURPOSE: An image forming device with a document box is provided to increase convenience of a user when a desired function is executed on data memorized in the document box. CONSTITUTION: A box data receiving unit(525) receives box data on a box data selecting screen. The box data selecting screen is one of set screens. The box data selecting screen selectively receives the box data memorized in the document box. A display controller(522) displays various setup screens for a display unit. An execution controller(521) activates a function of an operation target by setting a function of a program.


Chernyshevskii's 1863 novel What is to be Done? has often been dismissed as sociopolitical propaganda. Dostoevsky reviled it, while Lenin called it an inspiration. In this re-examination, the author argues that the novel has been misread through a refusal to see the novel as a literary text.


One of the greatest notes of correspondence and continuity among the postconciliar popes is their repeated call for Christians and all people of good will to encounter or know Jesus Christ personally. Despite the origin of phrases such as "personal relationship with Jesus" in evangelical circles and its use largely in pastoral contexts, a Catholic scholar such as Joseph Ratzinger, whose erudition is universally respected by admirers and critics alike, could write in the preface to his last scholarly works that it was his intention to "present the figure and message of Jesus" and so "foster the growth of a living relationship with him."1 So, too, could one easily argue that the first major teachings of the papacies of John Paul II, Benedict, and Francis all coalesce around this central idea.2 This idea extends beyond the papal magisterium to other guiding ecclesial documents on evangelization and catechesis. Take, for instance, the closing remarks from the 2012 Synod of Bishops on the New Evangelization for the Transmission of the Christian Faith, in which the Final Propositions mention a personal relationship or encounter with the risen Lord at least eight different times.3 From the same Synod, in the bishops' Message to the People of God, they write: "Before saying anything about the forms that this new evangelization must assume, we feel the need to tell you with profound conviction that the faith [is entirely decided] in


This article explores the benefits and costs of the voter initiative, a direct democracy device that allows policy decisions to be made by voters rather than their elected representatives. Previous research suggests that by introducing "competition" into the proposal process, the initiative leads to policies that are closer to the median voter's ideal point. In our model, in contrast, the effect of the initiative is conditional on the severity of representative agency problems and uncertainty about voter preferences. The initiative always makes the voter better off when representatives are faithful agents, but when voter preferences are uncertain, initiatives can cause "shirking" representatives to choose policies farther from the voter's ideal point. Our evidence shows that initiatives are more common in states with heterogeneous populations, and initiatives reduce state spending when Democrats control the government and when citizens have diverse preferences. Copyright 2001 by Oxford University Press.


Low‐stiffness silicon cantilevers have been developed for proposed data storage devices based on the atomic force microscope, in particular thermomechanical recording. The cantilevers combine a sharp tip with an integrated piezoresistive sensor for data readback from a rotating polycarbonate disk. A novel process was developed to make shallow piezoresistors in cantilevers 1 μm thick, significantly thinner and therefore softer than previously possible. Readback was demonstrated at linear velocities up to 120 mm/s. Separate cantilevers with resistively heated tips were fabricated for writing data marks on polycarbonate, with measured thermal time constants of 30 μs.


Observations of dark cloud cores have been carried out in the mid-infrared using ISOCAM and in the far-infrared using ISOPHOT, both aboard the Infrared Space Observatory. The cores are in most cases detected in emission at 200 and 170 micron, remain undetected at 90 micron and are seen in absorption against the diffuse mid-infrared background at 7 micron. The observations are consistent with the cores being pre-stellar and not having a central heating source, and yield core temperatures of ~ 11-13 K. We were able to determine the density structure of the cores up to radii that extend beyond the sensitivity limit of previous submillimetre studies. The column density profiles of the cores studied here flatten out in the centre, as shown by previous submillimetre continuum results, and interestingly, in a few cases, the profiles steepen with radius beyond ~ 5000-10000 AU and present sharp edges. This could indicate that these cores are decoupled from their parent molecular cloud and represent finite reservoirs of mass for subsequent accretion.


This presentation explores print as a platform of mulitple dimensions, providing an essential link between the traditions of the handmade print and the potential of new technologies.
'Matrix of Movement' is a cross-disciplinary project, bringing together the worlds of Fine Art, Environmental conservation, Ecology, Environmental science and industrial surveying offering new ideas and ways of seeing familiar spaces. Environmental impact and awareness of post-industrial wetlands over the last few years has led to increased interest in re-engaging with and the protection of these unique locations. By using commercial digital 3D mapping instruments to inform my imagery these projects connect with our modern obsession for locating, ordering and controlling our experiences of landscapes.
Traditionally printed intaglio prints explore the potential of digital technologies and challenge our perceptions and willingness to experience these post-industrial wetland environments through discovery.
Are we forced to experience these post-industrial landscapes through abstracted observations where journeys are based on the bias of road networks and the ever-growing number of digital navigational aids?
More directly 'Matrix of Movement' considers ideas around re-interpretation and a repositioning of traditional printmaking skills and processes as part of a wider cross-disciplinary art practice. Large Intaglio plates incorporate photopolymer technology to offer a view beyond our own human visual capability, combining digital information taken from 3D laser scanners with the traditions of the hand printed intaglio surface resulting in a re-imagined vision linking digital and aesthetic. Images presented create an opportunity to explore what is beyond the paper surface becoming a visualization of the point where our physical and digital worlds overlap, the edge between the location and how we feel to be part of it.


Among all natural minerals, the natural clay mineral has been widely used for environmental pollution treatment both in water and soil, especially heavy metal (HM) pollution in recent years. In this review, modified methods for clay minerals and their application for the remediation of HM contaminated water and soil are summarized. The remediation mechanisms of HMs in water and in soil by modified clay minerals were discussed. Moreover, the existing problems and development of clay minerals are also discussed.


Cellulose produced by an acetic acid bacterium, Acetobacter xylinum i.e. microbial cellulose is expected for an alternative source of cellulose supply. A. xylinum produces cellulose microfibril in the form of non-crystalline state outside the cell during metabolism process. Thus the structure of this non-crystalline cellulose may be possible to control by using alternating agents during production. This book discuss the biogenesis of cellulose using A. xylinum and how its crystal structure can be controlled during synthesis. The synthesized structure is characterized by X-ray diffraction method, solid state NMR and FT-IR spectroscopies. Structure formation mechanism is also discussed. The idea will be helpful to control the cellulose structure and widen its application. Thus the book will be welcomed by all those involved in cellulose chemistry.


The level of knowledge of female students about iron nutrition anemia indirectly will affect the consumption of Fe from the student. If a person lacks iron intake it will cause the disease one of them is iron nutritional anemia. The purpose of this research is to get the description of Fe consumption level and the level of knowledge about iron nutritional anemia in girls at SMP N 1 Bangli. Data collected in March to May 2018 by using cross sectional method by recall 1 time 24 hours for 2 times against student on a non-consecutive day. The data taken consist of 2 data of them are primary data and secondary data. The population of this study were female students of class VII and VIII SMP N 1 Bangli with a large sample size of 64 samples. In this study, the results of Fe consumption level on the whole sample (100%) were in the less category. While the level of sample knowledge about iron nutritional anemia get mixed result which in good category is 10 sample (15,6%), 35 sample (54,7%) are in enough category and 19 sample (29,7%) are in less category . The results showed that the level of knowledge of female students about nutritional anemia still exist in the category of less with the number of 19 samples (29.7%), which is caused by the lack of knowledge of female students
about iron nutritional anemia.

Keywords: Compsumption Level of Fe, Knowledge About Iron Anemia Nutrition


Objective: The objective of this research work was to evaluate the rate of occurrence of generalized seizures among the patients suffering from ischemic stroke of acute nature. Methodology: This research study was carried out at Neurology Department, Sheikh Zayed Hospital Rahim Yar Khan. We included total one hundred patients who were suffering from acute ischemic stroke. The follow up period for the patients was fifteen days to evaluate the seizures after stroke. Results: The average age of the patients was 57.37±11.18 years. The rate of occurrence of generalized seizures among these patients of acute ischemic stroke was 10.0%. Conclusion: The appearance of generalized seizures among these patients was not much high. Keywords: Seizures, stroke, occurrence, frequency, methodology, neurology, generalized.


During the 1990s and 2000s neoliberalism, assimilationism, and xenophobia resurfaced in response to worldwide immigration, the economic crisis, and religious fundamentalism in nations around the world. Assimilationists and multiculturalists have conflicting views of how knowledge is constructed and the type of knowledge that is essential for effective citizenship in multicultural societies. I analyze the knowledge claims of assimilationists and multiculturalists, present a typology of five types of knowledge, and argue that students should learn each type in schools, colleges, universities, museums, and in other public sites. I discuss the need for a transformative citizenship education and how to implement it in the final part of this paper. I was an elementary school student in the Arkansas delta in the 1950s. One of my most powerful memories is the image of the happy and loyal slaves in my social studies textbooks. I also remember that there were three other Blacks in my textbooks: Booker T. Washington, the educator; George Washington Carver, the scientist; and Marian Anderson, the contralto. I had several persistent questions throughout my school days: Why were the slaves pictured as happy? Were there other Blacks in history beside the two Washingtons and Anderson? Who created this image of slaves? Why? The image of the happy slaves was inconsistent with everything I knew about the African American descendants of enslaved people in my segregated community. We had to drink water from fountains labeled "colored," and we could not use the city's public library. However, we were not happy about either of these legal requirements. In fact, we 1 A paper presented as the keynote address at the conference Interkulturell Pedagogik, September 23, 2009, held at the Göteborg Convention Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden. Copyright © 2009 by James A. Banks. Reproduction without the author's permission is prohibited.


The effort that this paper reports began in 1996 as a Team Submarine sponsored Navy SBIR N96-103, and expanded into a multi-year NAVSEA (SUB-RT) sponsored, Phase III, applied research and development project. Therein a combined government, university and industry partnership are designing, building, integrating and testing metal fiber electrical brushes for the AC (slip ring end) and DC (commutating end) of a 500 k W Ship's Service Motor Generator set and other submarine DC motors. These revolutionary brushes are being designed and laboratory-tested, then transitioned toward Navy use via the submarine MG set land based test facility, and later at sea on US Navy submarines. The metal fiber brush project was previously reported on at the ASNE sponsored Navy Electric Machines Conference in 1999.


A pre-flight analysis of the directional solidification of BiSn with MEPHISTO-4 is presented. Simplified Bridgman growth under microgravity conditions is simulated using a two dimensional finite element model. This numerical model is a single domain, pseudo-steady state model, and includes the effects of both thermal and solutal convection. The results show that for all orientations of the applied steady state gravity vector, of magnitude 1 micro-g, the directional solidification process remains diffusion controlled. The maximum convective velocity was found to be 4.424 x 10(exp -5) cm/s for the horizontal Bridgman growth configuration. This value is an order of magnitude lower than the growth velocity. The maximum and minimum values or solute concentration in the liquid at the crystal-melt interface were 13.867 at.% and 13.722 at.%, respectively. This gives a radial segregation value of xi = 1.046% at the interface. A secondary objective of this work was to compare the results obtained to those that consider thermal convection only (no solutal convection). It was found that the convective flow patterns in simulations which included solutal convection were significantly different from those which ignored solutal convection. The level of radial segregation predicted by the current simulations is an order of magnitude lower than that found in simulations which ignore solutal convection. The final aim was to investigate the effect of g-jitter on the crystal growth process. A simulation was performed to calculate the system response to a 1 second, 100 micro-g gravity impulse acting normal to the direction of growth. This pulse is consistent with that induced by Orbiter thruster firings. The results obtained indicate that such a gravity pulse causes an increase in the level of radial solute segregation at the interface from the steady state values. The maximum value of solute concentration in the liquid was found to be 13.888 at.%, the minimum value calculated was 13.706 at.%, yielding a radial segregation value of xi = 1.31% at the interface. These values occurred 126 seconds after the pulse terminated. Thus it is anticipated that the process will remain diffusion controlled even when subjected to such g-jitter.


Abstract This paper aims at designing a small size, light weight high-frequency high-voltage (HFHV) pulse power supply for cable fault detection, achieving integration of cable fault detection system. The 3.5 kW/35 kVpulse power supply adopts series-parallel resonant converter topology to compensate the distributed parameter. Both the switching frequency and the duty cycle are utilised as actuating variables to cope with the large ranges of output, by this method the switch and anti-parallel diode can achieve soft switching within a small range of switching frequency adjustment 18 to 25 kHz. Furthermore, segmental-data-processing method is proposed in this paper, by this method multiple different steady-state operating points can be obtained to cope with different load which improves the efficiency and stability of the system effectively. Through theoretical analysis and large number of experiments, the structure of the HFHV transformer is optimised. Some special methods are taken to strengthen insulation and speed up the heat diffusion of the HFHV transformer. Air-gap isolation and semi-circular arc extinguishing strategies are provided to reduce corona and electromagnetic interference caused by discharging. This paper presents detailed design considerations and complete performance results for the chosen design.


An experimental investigation has been made on the interaction process between a boundary layer and longitudinal vortices. Comparable experimental conditions were set up for two types of vortex pair, namely, common-flow up (cfu) and common-flow down (cfd) and results obtained from two conditions were compared. The longitudinal vortex pair moves away from the wall in a faster rate in case of cfu. Spanwise spreading rate of two longitudinal vortex paths is larger in case of cfd. The decay of maximum longitudinal vorticity is slower in case of cfd. At the symmetrical plane between two vortices, the interaction between longitudinal vortex makes closely distributed mean velocity contour lines and higher skin-friction coefficient in case of cfd. Otherwise, in case of cfu the interaction makes widely distributed mean velocity contour lines and low skin-friction coefficient. Effect of extra rate of strain involved in momentum integral equation is applied to explain behaviors of boundary layer in the two cases.


Public administrative organizations should adjust and reform timely to adapt to the changing and developing social environment. It will cause different psychological obstacles and resistances such as misunderstanding, benefits unbalance, organization nonreactivity, habituation and unsureness of reformation. We should analyse the psychological problems in reformation of public administrative organizations, guide and adjust the psychology of administrative people correctly, resolve psychological resistances efficiently.According to the measures, the reformation of public administrative organization will be push forward, the administrative efficiency will be improved, and the goal of organizations will be realized.


To convert "sincere" study into effective study , students should stop passing over those parts of the chapter that she/he doesn't understand, and adopt the "Eliminate your Ignorance" (EYI) attitude and technique. With this approach, the student concentrates on what he/she doesn't understand.


Through comparing the Ludian MS5.1,5.0 earthquakes in 2003 with the historical earthquakes,we found the disaster of the Ludian earthquake was particularly serious.Therefore,we study the causes of the anomalous disaster and the disaster mechanism,and consider that the heavy disaster is related with the fact that the earthquake occurred at night,the poor social and economic conditions,the weak foundation,and the bad aseismic ability of buildings in the seismic area.


Direct methane-to-methanol conversion is a dream reaction which presently can be realized via a three-step cycle over copper-exchanged zeolites; an activation phase, a reaction phase, and finally an extraction phase. Here we use ab initio molecular dynamics and first-principles thermodynamics to examine oxidation state and coordination of Cu-dimers in Cu-SSZ-13 under relevant experimental conditions. A multitude of Cu2(HxOy) clusters are exergonic at room temperature. However, at the relevant reaction conditions only Cu2O and Cu2(OH) remain as thermodynamically stable structures for the activation and extraction phase, respectively.


Objective: The objective was to bring evidence about the contribution of seasonal migration to defaulting and low treatment success rate (TSR) in Balochistan province of Pakistan. Methods: Directly Observed Therapy (DOTS) has been implemented in 22 districts of Balochistan province. A cohort study was conducted in five randomly selected districts between October 2005 and March 2006. A total of 291 new PTB patients during the two quarters were interviewed before summer migration by using a structured and pre-tested interview schedule regarding their health seeking behavior and other determinants about seasonal migration to determine default and TSR among migrant and non-migrant patients. Results: The overall default rate at surveyed districts was very low (2.4%) as compared to national level which is 17%, whereas it was 4.4% among migrant patients. It was evident that TSR was also high which was 96% and 100% among migrant and non-migrant patients respectively. It shows that migration has very low impact on default and low TSR. The main factors of low default and high TSR were the high commitment of patients for seeking their medical checkup as well as regularity in medication by both migrant as well as non-migrant patients. Conclusion: The high degree of commitment for seeking medical checkup and regularity in medication were the two main factors for low default rate and high TSR in the surveyed districts.


We present here the results of pollen analysis of one sequence of about 60 cm length, originating from sediments of Hautes-Fagnes peat bogs (Eastern Belgium). 49 pollen spectra reflect the local vegetation evolution and also the evolution of the forestry surroundings. The results of these investigations are correlated to the results of other studies previously carried out in the area. Our data suggests human occupation and intensive land use in the region. Aspects regarding a Roman/Merovingian paved road, at present covered by a layer of peat that can reach 1 m thickness in some places, are also debated in the present paper. The origin and functionality of this paved road have not yet been fully elucidated, despite the studies already performed.


Abstract AA2024-Tx is one of the most common high-strength aluminium alloys used in the aerospace industry. This article reviews current understanding of the microstructure of sheet AA2024-T3 and chronicles the emergence of new compositions for constituent particles as well as reviews older literature to understand the source of the original compositions. The review goes on to summarise older and more recent studies on corrosion of AA2024-T3, drawing attention to areas of corrosion initiation and propagation. It pays particular attention to modern approaches to corrosion characterisation as obtained through microelectrochemical techniques and physicochemical characterisation, which provide statistical assessment of factors that contribute to corrosion of AA2024. These approaches are also relevant to other alloys.


The transport properties were measured in a system consisting of a zinc nanowire array sandwiched between two bulk superconductors. It was found that the superconductivity of Zn nanowires of 40 nm diameter is suppressed either completely or partially by the bulk superconductors. When the latter are driven into their normal state by a magnetic field, the nanowires switch back to their superconducting state. This novel phenomenon is not seen in wires with diameters equal to or thicker than 70 nm.


The paper presents the creative biography of Professor E.F. Levitsky, a famous Russian scientist, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Director (1990-2009), Principal Researcher, Tomsk Research Institute of Balneology and Physiotherapy, Federal Biomedical Agency of Russia; Head, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Physiotherapy and Balneology, Faculty for Advanced Training and Professional Retraining of Specialists, Siberian State Medical University (Tomsk) (1995-2012). It reflects the main trends of scientific and social activities of the scientist.


In our work, we investigate biases in judicial decisions using data analytics. Specifically, we are interested in analyzing the impact of the gender of both the judge and the plaintiff on the probability of winning a case. With this aim, we analyze a dataset comprising information from over one thousand second-instance appeals for child custody in Spain. Our results indicate significant differences in how legal arguments and facts are utilized in the final sentences, depending on the gender of the plaintiff. We also examine the impact of the requested type of custody (sole or joint) on the probability of winning a case, with a focus on its relationship to the plaintiff's gender. Moreover, our analysis reveals statistically significant differences in the winning probability of a case depending on the judge's gender. To further understand these findings, we conduct additional analysis to establish the causal relationship between the judge's gender and the probability of winning, revealing weak but consistent patterns. Our research provides a consistent methodology for evaluating biases in judicial systems and offers intriguing insights into the context of child custody in Spain.


ABSTRACT The Yingxiong Range is the largest anticlinal belt within the triangular overlapping zone between the Altyn Tagh Fault and the Eastern Kunlun Fault and thus records the critical information concerning the strike-slip superimposition between the two large-scale left-slip faults. The detailed structural analysis on the basis of 3D seismic data shows that the Shizigou (SZG) and Youshashan (YSS) structures in the Yingxiong Range are controlled by NE-dipping low-angle thrust faults at shallow depth and three groups of faults including the NW-striking inverted faults, the WNW-striking XI fault and the N–S-striking Shidong fault zone at deep levels. The inverted faults were right-stepping en-échelon sinistral transtensional normal faults in the Eocene. Fracture analysis on cores of the U. Xiaganchaigou Formation shows the existence of syn-sedimentary normal faults which indicate Eocene extension deformation in the Yingxiong Range. The Eocene transtensional normal faults constituted a half-graben structural system and controlled the formation of the SZG sag. In the early Miocene, the XI fault obliquely superimposed the pre-existing Eocene transtensional normal faults, causing the reactivation of these faults in a reverse sense. Simultaneously, the Shidong fault zone started to develop as a dextral tear fault. The oblique strike-slip superimposition from transtension to transpression in the Yingxiong Range reflects the differential controlling effects of the asynchronous initiation of the Altyn Tagh Fault and the Eastern Kunlun Fault on the structural evolution and oil-gas reservoir development in the western Qaidam Basin. Graphic Abstract


In November 2015, Wigan and Leigh Hospice launched their 'Hospice in your care home service' which aims to educate and support nursing home staff to enhance the care of their residents and those important to them. The team of four registered nurses and one health care assistant provide formal education, clinical skills training and facilitate resident coding meetings in a bid to increase confidence and competence in the nursing home workforce, whilst advocating a more proactive approach to planning for the end-of-life. Adapted from the model utilised at St Christopher's Hospice, the service differs in that, the team will respond to urgent referrals from the home or other healthcare professionals, when it has been agreed that the resident is dying and further support and advice may be required. The team will work alongside the staff in the nursing home to embed the five priorities of care, utilising this as a learning opportunity for the care staff via role modelling of sensitive conversations with residents and families/those important to the resident and skilling up staff to promote a good death for the individuals they care for. The rationale for the team has been the high numbers of hospital admissions from nursing homes within our locality and a reduction in the numbers of care home staff accessing education at the hospice. Analysis of the contributing factors indicates that theoretical and clinical skills education is something the care home staff desire, however this needs to be easily accessible for them, on site and be delivered in a variety of ways which are meaningful for them in practice. A three-month evaluation has already highlighted a 20% increase in the number of residents with advance care plans, and homes now managing their own syringe driver set up, rather than using community nursing services.


A widely used method to substituting expensive experimental method in order to optimizing different parameters of technological application of equipment is using of modelling these phenomena by intelligent techniques. Hence, in this paper, an ANFIS (adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system architecture) model has been used to predict one of the most important of the diesel engine which is cylinder pressure. Measurement of this parameter requires expensive and time consuming methods. Therefore, application of the mathematical method to prediction of this parameter is necessary. The inputs of this model are injection time, engine speed and engine load. The testing performance of the proposed ANFIS model revealed a good predictive capacity to yield acceptable error measures with, R2=0.99 and MSE=6.8. This model is not developed based on complicated mathematical formula and is easy to use. The result of study recommends that the ANFIS model can be successfully used to perdition of cylinder pressure according to effective parameters.


Based on the presentation of the Kauffman bracket skein algebra of the thickened torus given by the third author in previous work [4], Frohman and Gelca established a complete description of the multiplicative operation leading to a famous product-to-sum formula. In this paper, we study the multiplicative structure of the Kauffman bracket skein algebra of the thickened four-holed sphere. We present an algorithm to compute the product of any two elements of the algebra, and give an explicit formula for some families of curves. We surmise that the algorithm has quasi-polynomial growth with respect to the number of crossings of a pair of curves. Further, we conjecture the existence of a positive basis for the algebra.


This paper reviewed the latest findings related to secondary restless legs syndrome (RLS) systematically. There were a variety of causes. Renal failure, injury of spinal cord and peripheral nerve were related risk factors. During pregnancy, the levels of folic acid and iron diminished and many hormone levels underwent significant changes, which might also be predisposing factors for RLS. The underlying dopamine dysfunction might affect Pakinson's disease (PD) patients with RLS symptoms. In addition, there were some evidences which would illustrate some drugs (mainly antidepressants, antipsychotics, histamine receptor antagonist), smoking, caffeine, alcohol and migraine might be associated with the prevalence of RLS, or even the severity of the disease. Clinicians should pay more attention to early diagnosis and treatment plan to improve the quality of life of these patients.


Background: Since time immemorial the existence of dental artisans has been neglected, even though many members of the community are involved as consumers of existing dental artisans. The dental artisans at Resik Village, Sambeng sub-district, Lamongan City do not yet know the dangers of cross infection when making dentures and how to do to prevent it. Objective: This activity aims to increase the awareness of dental artisans to avoid cross-infection between dental artisans and consumers. Method: This activity for the Resik Village community was carried out in the form of socialization to dental artisan partners, demonstrations on how to use disinfectant materials to dental artisans, as well as evaluation and monitoring of programs in the field. Results: This activity program was attended by 40 dental artisan participants where only 10 participants participated face-to-face due to the Covid 19 pandemic. Thirty other participants were given a video socialization of the activity. Disinfection socialization activities were carried out in 2 ways, namely disinfection by immersing teeth in a disinfectant solution and by dipping the teeth in a disinfectant solution. spray method. Conclusion: The participants gained additional knowledge about cross-infection, the consequences of these infections, and how to carry out disinfection when making dentures.


Throughout his distinguished career, Vera Gowlland has continued to take a critical look at the operation of the UN Charter, as well as the evolution of the issue on the international responsibility. In this chapter, it should be noted, first of all, the distinction nevertheless classiquemais curiously ignored lately between peacekeeping or peace enforcement and UN operations authorized by the Security Council, made used by multinational forces under unified command. Keywords: multinational forces; UN Charter; Vera Gowlland


Liquid level distance can be determined by the fundamental resonance frequency (RF) or a series of RFs from the acquired acoustic signals using the acoustic resonance-based method (ARM). However, in practical industrial applications, long distance liquid level detection remains a challenge due to a lack of measurement accuracy and reliability. In this study, an improved measurement strategy based on ARM is proposed. A mathematical model of the acquired signal is established, which provides a theoretical foundation for the extraction of resonance characteristics. A parameter estimation algorithm based on the interpolation of discrete Fourier transform (DFT) coefficients is developed to enhance the measurement accuracy. The tests are carried out on different pipelines and a good agreement between the proposed strategy and sound reflection-based method (SRM) is observed, which validates the effectiveness of the proposed method. The experimental results also revealed that the new detection method demonstrates high accuracy and stability for long distance liquid level measurement.