The utility model relates to an electrode structure of a solar cell, which is arranged on a base plate of the solar cell, comprises a plurality of confluence electrodes and a plurality of finger-shaped electrodes, wherein the confluence electrodes are arranged on the base plate at intervals, the finger-shaped electrodes are configured on the two sides of the confluence electrodes, and are connected with the confluence electrodes mutually and electrically, the confluence electrodes and the finger-shaped electrodes are completed by screen printing twice, at least one of the screen printings is not carried on the confluence electrodes, so that the thicknesses of the finger-shaped electrodes are more than the thicknesses of the confluence electrodes. Compared with the prior at, the utility model can take account of low light coverage rate and maintain low resistance value through improving the method of screen printing, and effectively improves the whole photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.


We establish existence and uniqueness for infinite dimensional Riccati equations taking values in the Banach space L 1 ($\mu$ $\otimes$ $\mu$) for certain signed matrix measures $\mu$ which are not necessarily finite. Such equations can be seen as the infinite dimensional analogue of matrix Riccati equations and they appear in the Linear-Quadratic control theory of stochastic Volterra equations.


. When the latter generate a membrane pore, a new processcantake place,i.e.,thediffusionofsubstrates fromtheexternal volumetotheACinternalvolume,leadingtoasustained geneexpression – inasortof positive feedback loop.


The anti-shock performance of a single-degree of freedom linear vibration isolation system is studied and the relationship between the performance indeces J1 and J2 is derived. Based on the study result, the optimization of the system parameters and the expressions of the optimal parameters are presented.


The invention provides a kind of self adaptation flow control method in front access channel, it determines the jam threshold and the distributable threshold of media access control reality in the public channel and the share channel; and measures the volume of buffer area of the media access control reality, acquires the occupied state of the dispatching period buffer through calculating the average buffer occupied rate and the change state in the logic channel buffer; and calculates the whole volume of the media access control reality which can be distributed to special channel; determines the weight correspondent to the priority according to the whole volume, then calculates the data quantity of media access control reality distributable to the special channel according to the whole volume, the data quantity applied by the media access control reality and the priority weight, and the weight which doesn't distributed with times.


Receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) is a multi-ligand member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell surface molecules. Driven by rapid accumulation and expression of key ligands such as advanced glycation endproducts (AGE) and S100/calgranulins in diabetic tissues, upregulation and activation of RAGE magnifies cellular perturbation in tissues affected by hyperglycemia, such as the large blood vessels and the kidney. In the diabetic glomerulus, RAGE is expressed principally by glomerular visceral epithelial cells (podocytes). Blockade of RAGE in the hyperglycemic db/db mouse suppresses functional and structural alterations in the kidney, in the absence of alterations in blood glucose. Recent studies in homozygous RAGE null mice support a key role for RAGE in glomerular perturbation in diabetes. Importantly, beyond diabetes, studies in other settings of glomerulopathies support a critical RAGE-dependent pathway in podocytes linked to albuminuria, mesangial expansion, and glomerular sclerosis. A new paradigm is propsed in glomerular injury, and it is suggested that blockade of the RAGE axis may provide a novel means to prevent irreparable glomerular injury in diabetes and other sclerosing glomerulopathies. The "Problem" of Glucose Irrespective of the underlying mechanisms, elevated levels of blood glucose ignite a vicious cycle of metabolic disturbances within the intracellular and extracellular environment that, if left unchecked, lead to a broad array of complications in macrovessel and microvessel structures. A particular target in this setting is the kidney. Epidemiologic studies demonstrate that diabetes is a leading cause worldwide of end-stage renal failure requiring renal replacement therapy (1). A number of pathways are activated in the hyperglycemic milieu, such as the aldose reductase pathway, activation of protein kinase C, especially the isoform, and the generation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGE). Work from Dr. Michael Brownlee's laboratory indicates that there is fundamental crosstalk among these pathways, as evidenced by the demonstration that normalization of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase, blocked each of these three pathways in cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells subjected to hyperglycemia-driven generation of reactive oxygen species (2). In vivo, the roles of each of multiple pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy have been rigorously tested experimentally. Examples of these include activation of aldose reductase and protein kinase C, particularly the isoform. Importantly, however, roles for other pathways, such as activation of the family of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAP kinases) and the transcription factor nuclear factorB (NFB) have been linked to the pathogenesis of hyperglycemia-mediated stress (3). Two examples of mediators of hyperglycemic stress will be addressed here. First, roles for aldose reductase (AR) have been implicated in the adverse cellular response to high levels of glucose (4–5). Multiple studies indicate that expression and activity of aldose reductase is increased in experimental models and human tissues in diabetes, including the diabetic kidney (6–7). Pharmacologic inhibition of AR has implicated AR in the development of diabetes-associated nephropathy; for example, administration of the inhibitor epalrestat to streptozotocininduced diabetic rats prevented the development of renal hypofunction and mesangial expansion without affecting levels Correspondence to Dr. Ann Marie Schmidt, Division of Surgical Science, Department of Surgery, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University , 630 West 168 Street, P&S 17-501, New York, New York 10032. Phone: 212-305-6406; Fax: 212-305-5337; E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


Through five experiments,such as "Circle","square","side that does not shake","burning edge","filter",this paper discussed the effect of different experimental methods of polypropylene fiber liquid filtration membrane particles shedding.The results show that: the particles falling off the edge of the polypropylene fiber Double-sided liquid filtration membrane are very important and must be considered off the evaluation of particle pollution.


Pedestrian detection plays a critical role in computer vision as it contributes to ensuring traffic safety. Existing methods that rely solely on RGB images suffer from performance degradation under low-light conditions due to the lack of useful information. To address this issue, recent multispectral detection approaches have combined thermal images to provide complementary information and have obtained enhanced performances. Nevertheless, few approaches focus on the negative effects of false positives caused by noisy fused feature maps. Different from them, we comprehensively analyze the impacts of false positives on the detection performance and find that enhancing feature contrast can significantly reduce these false positives. In this paper, we propose a novel target-aware fusion strategy for multispectral pedestrian detection, named TFDet. Our fusion strategy highlights the pedestrian-related features and suppresses unrelated ones, generating more discriminative fused features. TFDet achieves state-of-the-art performance on both KAIST and LLVIP benchmarks, with an efficiency comparable to the previous state-of-the-art counterpart. Importantly, TFDet performs remarkably well even under low-light conditions, which is a significant advancement for ensuring road safety. The code will be made publicly available at https://github.com/XueZ-phd/TFDet.git.


Creative management of higher educational institutions in the new century is mul ti-dimensional. It also benefits the characterized college development, the sta ff's participation in management, the cooperation among different departments an d the sustained development of higher educational institutions. In the creative management, much concern should be attached to teaching and researching; quality education, personals-based management and organizational structure. Therefore we should carry out the mechanism innovation, and actively push forward the inne r administration reform of higher educational institutions according to the real situation.


The behavior of a bolted connection, using several aluminum alloy pipe flanges with steel bolts and nuts, was examined under the condition of thermal conduction. Using the finite difference method, temperature distributions in the connection subjected to transient thermal conduction were analyzed. A method for obtaining an increment in axial bolt force and the maximum stress produced in the bolts was demonstrated. In the experiments, the temperature distribution in the connection was measured by use of thermocouples. In addition, both the increment and the maximum stress due to the difference in coefficients of linear expansion as well as the stress produced in the hub were measured by strain gages when the inner circumference of the pipe flanges was subjected to thermal conduction and the outer circumference of the pipe flanges was subjected to thermal conduction and the outer circumference was kept at room temperature. The analytical results were fairly consistent with the experimental ones.


In this paper we give a new construction of authentication codes with arbitration using orthogonal spaces. Some parameters and the probabilities of successful attacks are computed.


Placental mesenchymal dysplasia (PMD) is a distinct syndrome of unknown etiology that is associated with substantial fetal morbidity and mortality. It is characterized by an enlarged, hydropic placenta, depicting multiple cysts and tangles of intestinelike chorionic vessels on gross examination. The sonographic features are usually suggestive of a partial mole. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is common, yet, paradoxically, Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) has been diagnosed in many fetuses and neonates. Cystic changes in the placenta are relatively uncommon findings and are mostly related to chorioangiomas or trophoblastic disease. We report an early second-trimester (16 weeks' gestation) diagnosis of PMD in a monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancy. There are fewer than 100 reported PMD cases in the literature.1 A review of the etiology of cystic changes of the placenta is presented, with emphasis on maternal and fetal aspects as well as genetic counseling and other tests to be considered. We expand on the differential diagnosis and implications of diffuse cystic changes in the placenta.


3 Hamerton JL, Canning N, Ray M, Smith S. A cytogenetic survey of 14,069 newborn infants. I. Incidence of chromosome abnormalities. Clin Genet 1975 ;8:223-43. 4 Singh DN, Osborne RA, Paul JR, et a. Cytogenetic survey of 504 mentally retarded individuals. J Ment Defic Res 1974;18:293-305. 5 Newton MS, Cunningham C, Jacobs PA, Price WH, Fraser IA. Chromosome survey of a hospital for the mentally subnormal. Part 2. Autosome abnormalities. Clin Genet 1972;3:226-48. 6 Moorhead PS, Nowell PC, Mellman WJ, Battips DM, Hungerford DA. Chromosome preparations of leucocytes cultured from human peripheral blood. Exp Cell Res 1960;20:613-6. 7 Seabright M. A rapid banding technique for human chromosomes. Lancet 1971 ;ii:971-2. 8 Sehested J. A simple method for R banding of human chromosomes, showing a pH dependent connection between R and G bands. Humangenetik 1974;21 :55-8. 9 Arrighi FE, Hsu TC. Localisation of heterochromatin in human chromosomes. Cytogenetics 1971 ;10:81-6. 10 Howell WM, Black DA. A rapid technique for producing silver-stained nucleolus organiser regions and trypsinGiemsa bands on human chromosomes. Hum Genet 1978; 43:53-6. Noel B, Quack B. Petit metacentrique surnum6raire chez un polymalform6. J Genet Hum 1970;18:45-56. 12 Toomey KE, Mohandas T, Leisti J, Szalay S, Kaback MM. Further delineation of the supernumerary chromosome in the cat-eye syndrome. Clin Genet 1977 ;12 :275-84. 13 Grace E, Sills J. The occurrence of a ring 18, an accessory bisatellited fragment and trisomy 21 within one sibship. Hum Genet 1978;43:111-4. 14 Gutierrez AC, Salamanca F, Lisker R, Segovia A. Supernumerary bisatellited chromosome in a family ascertained through a patient with Sturge-Weber syndrome. Ann Genet (Paris) 1975;18:45-9. 15 Hsu L, Hirschhorn K. Trisomy 22 syndrome and cat-eye syndrome. In: Yunis J, ed. New chromosomal syndromes. New York: Academic Press, 1977:339-68. 16 Zellweger H, Simpson J. Trisomy 22. In: Chromosomes of man. London, Philadelphia: Spastics International Medical Publications, 1977:102-4. 17 Garlinger P, McGeary SA, Magenis E. Partial trisomy 22. A recognisable syndrome. Clin Genet 1977 ;12:9-16.


Aims: Real-life experience with ceftazidime/avibactam in the treatment of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae is still limited. This retrospective study aims to evaluate the efficacy of ceftazidime/avibactam in the treatment of critically ill patients with infections due to carbapenem-resistant pathogens.
Methods: In our study, patients who were hospitalized in the ICUs of our hospital for more than three days between 01-01-2022 and 31-12-2022, who had only ceftazidime/avibactam susceptibility growth and were started on ceftazidime/avibactam treatment were retrospectively analyzed. 38 patients older than 18 years of age were included in the study.
Results: Pneumonia was the most common cause of hospitalization in the ICU, followed by cerebrovascular events and internal diseases, respectively. The mean time from taking the culture samples to obtaining the laboratory results was 4.6 ±1.46 days. After the culture result was confirmed by the laboratory, the mean time between the patient's consultation by infection diseases specialist and initiation of treatment was 1.7±1.3 days. Patients received a mean of 10.6 ±4.63 days of CAZ-AVI treatment as monotherapy (57.9%) or combined therapy (42.1). Clinical response was obtained in 52.6% of the patients, and microbiological response was obtained in 63.2% of the patients. The 90-day all-cause mortality rate of patients receiving CAZ-AVI was 60.5% (n=23), and the mortality rate attributed to 14-day infection was 52.17%. Side effects developed in 18.4% of the patients. None of the developed side effects were such as to require discontinuation of treatment. There was no statistical difference in clinical response and microbiological response in patients receiving combination therapy and monotherapy. Mortality was significantly lower in patients receiving CAZ-AVI monotherapy (p<0.05).
Conclusion: We attribute our low clinical success to the late initiation of treatment due to drug reimbursement criteria. Therefore, we think that CAZ-AVI treatment should be started empirically and as soon as possible. We think that our study is valuable in terms of showing that CAZ-AVI treatment should be given in empirical treatment.


We report on indirect exchange interaction between itinerant and localized electron in tetrakis(dimethylamino) ethylene (TDAE)–treated graphene. TDAE, after getting attached to the graphene, forms fragments such as, tetrakisdimethylamino–1,2–dioxetane, tetramethylurea, tetramethyloxamide, tetramethylhydrazine, bis(dimethylamino)methane, and dimethylamine. These fragments, carrying itinerant electrons on charge–transfer generates spin ordering in localized electrons at host carbon network. The nature of interaction between itinerant and localized electrons is short range, repulsive, and indirect exchange. The strength of interaction depends upon the ratio of coulombic repulsive energy to hopping energy. Possible mechanism of magnetization in TDAE-treated graphene is discussed.


The study analyzed the acoustical absorption performance of wooden perforated panels with finite element analysis software—ANSYS. The research process include modeling, meshing, loads, solution and results display. Simulation results showed that software ANSYS was good at absorption performance analysis of wooden perforated panels. There are some pressure distribution zones with peak and valley alternation between speaker and the tested material of the built model. It coincides with test result of real experiment equipment. The selections of structural parameters of wooden perforated panel lead to changes for solution.


Free-Surface Synthetic Schlieren (FS-SS) is an optical method developed for the measurement of the instantaneous topography of the interface between two transparent fluids [1]. This method relies upon three linear approximations, which may represent a major limitation in practical applications : camera located far from the interface, weak surface deformations and weak slopes. We present here results from numerical simulations of the apparent displacement field induced by refraction through a surface deformed by a plane wave field. The comparison between the prescribed surface and the reconstructed surface based on linear FS-SS allows us to provide quantitative measurements of the errors induced by the linear approximations. Mots clefs : Synthetique Schlieren ; PIV ; Topographie


Three years ago the top management in Fiat realised that their managers must not only cross physical national boundaries to operate successfully in the global marketplace, but must also think and plan across and within all the diverse cultures of the globe. From this vision, a comprehensive and dynamic programme was launched that did not accept ready‐made solutions, but sought out a unique Fiat approach to creating intercultural competence within the company. It began with extensive research and thinking, and then the findings were translated into a wide range of initiatives that are now operative throughout the multinational organisation. Now, three years later, the benefits of reframing the company′s international thinking while maintaining its strong Italian origins are being felt and they form a backdrop for the even more radical changes currently taking place.


Cameroon ratified the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) as well as most international treaties and covenants dealing with human rights and human dignity, including the Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) and the Women's Rights Protocol to the African Charter on Human and People's Rights (ACHPR).


Wastewater quality changes in the carbon and sulfur cycles in pressure sewers and in a gravity sewer that followed a pressure sewer were studied. The primary focus was on changes in chemical oxygen demand (COD) components during transport, which were investigated using oxygen uptake rate measurements and volatile fatty acid analyses. Sulfide formation in the pressure sewers and sulfide oxidation in the gravity sewer were also studied. Anaerobic hydrolysis, which resulted in a net production of readily biodegradable substrate in the pressure sewers, was quantified. A process model description, which included the main aerobic and anaerobic processes in the water phase and in the biofilm, was presented; model parameters were determined based on calibration. This simulation procedure made it possible to consider integrated aspects of hydrogen sulfide and variations in COD components in sewers such as odor and sewer corrosion by hydrogen sulfide and the inadequacy of advanced wastewater treatment because of the input of low‐quality wastewater. It is possible to include wastewater quality changes and, thereby, process aspects for sewer design and operation.


A generalized Riccati transformation will be utilized to derive a Riccati-type inequality (3) associated with a semilinear elliptic inequality yL(y; x) ≦ 0 possessing a positive solution y in an exterior domain in Euclidean n-space. On the basis of (3), general sufficient conditions for the elliptic inequality to be oscillatory are developed in § 3. The matrix of coefficients of the second derivative terms in L(y;x) (i.e. (A ij ) in (1)) is not restricted in any way beyond the usual ellipticity hypothesis (iv) below, and thereby one of the difficulties mentioned in [9] and inherent in the method there is resolved. Furthermore, the nonlinear term B﹛x, y) in (1) is not required to be one-signed.


As former communist countries turn to capitalism and developing economies become affluent, more consumers have a strong desire for luxury brands; they try to conform to the widely advertised ideal that physical appearance and professional success lead to happiness in life. Against this backdrop, consumer vanity reflects the impact of a society's cultural values. To enhance the current understanding of vanity-related consumer attitudes and behaviour, the main contribution of the present paper is to examine the relationship between consumer vanity and luxury consumption in a cross-cultural comparison. Based on a conceptual model that links the multidimensional constructs of consumer vanity and luxury consumption, we drew a sample from an individualistic country (Germany, n = 244) and a collectivist country (Poland, n = 333). The study's results support the predicted relationships between consumer vanity and luxury consumption in both cultures. In addition, the results show that culture has an impact on the relationship between consumer vanity and luxury consumption and their drivers.


Objective: This study aimed to examine the effect of consciousness on inhibition of and attentional bias to the stimuli associated with drugs among heroin users and their counterparts. Method: In this study, a causal-comparative research method was used. All the persons dependent on opiates in Abhar city constituted the study population. The number of 120 participants containing two 60person groups of heroin users and their counterparts (i.e. non-users) were selected through convenience sampling method. The two groups had been matched for age and sex and were compared through conducting the two neurological tests, namely Dot Probe and Stroop tests. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups on Dot Probe test where the normal group outperformed the other one. In Stroop test, drug stimuli whether provided consciously or unconsciously are identified; then, drug users show bias towards them. Conclusion: Given the devastating effects of addiction on cognitive ability, cognitive problems should be considered in treating patients.


Submarine landslides constitute a major mass transport process from shallow‐ to deep‐sea and may have catastrophic impacts on both offshore infrastructure and coastal areas. Previous studies on submarine landslides have focused on triggering mechanisms and precondition perspectives, targeting limited numbers of short‐term landslide events. Consequently, few studies have addressed long‐term changes in landslide characteristics, including volume, direction, and timing. The areas studied herein are located on the continental slope facing the Japan Trench off the Shimokita Peninsula, northeast Japan, where a number of large‐scale translational‐type submarine landslide and accompanying unique dike structures have been identified in Pliocene to Recent deposits via 3D seismic data analysis. Here we developed a procedure for recognizing landslide deposits in 3D seismic data from the survey area, then investigated the 3D deposit distributions in detail. Because translational landslides preserve original structures, they can be used to estimate landslide volume. Parallel dike swarm features, which are interpreted as dewatering paths formed soon after landslide events, enable estimation of slide direction in time‐slice images. Such analysis also allows differentiation of landslide deposits from background sediments and estimation of landslide volume. Landslides exceeding 50 km3 in volume have occurred numerous times in the past 6 my. Landslides directions are observed from southwest to northeast over this entire period, whereas slides trending northwest to southeast started at ~ 2 Ma. Although the landslide sizes vary greatly, the average landslide volumes are roughly constant throughout Pliocene and Quaternary time. Such shifts in long‐term trends suggest a change in tectonics in the landslide source region. These unique long‐term records (over 6 my) are enabled by the specific conditions in the study region, which include translational landslides, parallel dike swarms, and monotonous lithology.


This paper presents the results of applying the dual approach temperature (DAT) method to an industrial ethylene product recovery and separation process. The entire process including the refrigeration syste is simulated for extracting process information for heat exchange network design. The sub-ambient operation temperature feature of the process has demonstrated the advantage of DAT method, which allows the use of a smaller heat exchanger approaching temperature relative to a higher network approaching temperature. Comparing the synthesized optimal network to the existing network, the utility consumption and utility cost saving can be reduced by 35.6% and 21.2%, respectively. The payback year for modifying the existing network is only 0.77 year.


The heterogeneously catalyzed epoxidation of commercially available biodiesel with aqueous H2O2 as an oxidant was studied over composite catalysts consisting of microporous titanium silicalite-1 (TS-1) as reactive and polymer-based spherical activated carbon (PBSAC) as sorptive component. The results are compared to that of a commercial TS-1 catalyst. The polymer-based spherical activated carbon was applied either as a support or as an exotemplate. In the composite catalyst, the active titanium sites are utilized four times more efficiently than in the commercial TS-1.


To obtain an easily made grating coupler with stable materials, a proposal to fabricate photorefractive longperiod gratings coupler on Tidiffused LiNbO3 waveguide is presented. Structural parameters of the coupler can be determined by using effective index method and coupledmode theory, including grating period as 74.28 mm, separation distance of two waveguides as 8 mm and the minimum grating length for 100% coupling as 2.42 cm. The transmission spectrum is analysed and the 3-dB bandwidth can reach 5.20 nm. The simulation results also show that coupling efficiency is above 90% when tolerance of grating length and offset distance is 0.37 cm and 0.21 cm, respectively. The coupler is expected to be used in coarse wavelength division multiplexing system.


The purpose of study is to evaluate the role and importance of e-information usage in struggle with informality in terms of accounting practices in Turkey. Revenue Administration has been working on efficient usage of e-information to collect taxes full and timely by using modern methods. In this context, e-declaration, e-invoice, e-ledger and e-notification are put into effect. So the annual reports and changes over the years were examined contextually and evaluated in terms of preventing informality. E-information applications which directly affect accounting profession and its practices by saving time, reducing transaction costs and bringing important results in processes; provide efficiency in auditing and inspection with remote access, fast mobility in operations, decrease in collection costs and increase in collection/accrual rate. E-information applications are important in struggle with informality even if not at the desired level.


The association between plasma adiponectin level and insulin resistance (IR), diabetes mellitus (DM)-2, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease have been reported previously. Adiponectin is expressed and produced by adipocyte cells, and plays critical role in the glucose metabolism. IR in the adipose cells increases lipolysis and release free fatty acid (FFA). Furthermore, inactivation of mitochondrial pyruvat dehydrogenase and Þ nally decreases glucose uptake through disturbance of insulin receptor signaling. To investigate the association between plasma adiponectin level and IR that was calculated by HOMA-IR, a cross sectional analytic study was conducted in Tenganan region, Bali from December 2007 to January 2008. As many as 80 participants whose age was 18 ! 65 years old were involved. The study involved 38 (47.5%) males and 42 (52.5%) females whose mean of waist circumference (WC) was 78.03 ± 10.88 cm, mean of plasma glucosa was 91.73 ± 8.84 mg/dl, median of insulin was 2.70 (2.00 ! 17.90)  IU/ml, median of HOMA-IR was 0.67 (0.38 ! 3.71), mean of HDL cholesterol was 58.93 ± 13.73 mg/dl, and mean of triglycerides was 145.64 ± 67.97 mg/dl, systolic blood pressure (SBP) was 70 ! 180 mmHg, and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was 50 ! 100 mmHg. In this study, we found signiÞ cant correlation between plasma adiponectin level and IR (r = -0.370; p < 0.001). IR also signiÞ cantly correlation with central obesity (r = 0.361; p < 0.001), body mass index (BMI) (r = 0.381; p < 0.001), plasma HDL level (r = -0.327; p= 0.002), TG (r = 0.255; p = 0.011), and SBP (r = 0.198; p = 0.039). On multivariate analysis with multiple logistic regression, only central obesity has independent association with IR (B = 1.641; p = 0.023). Central obesity and sex were signiÞ cantly ins uential to the plasma adiponektin level (s = -1.542; p = 0.035) dan (s = 2.865; p < 0.001) respectively in which mean of the plasma adiponectin level in female (5.610 ± 2.815) was signiÞ cantly higher than that of male (3.365 ± 2.365; MD = -2.245; p < 0.001). Mean difference to plasma adiponectin level was signiÞ cantly ins uential of the plasma HDL level dan TG (MD = -10.500; p < 0.001) and (MD = 35.075; p = 0.020) respectively


The article analyses the historical aspects and prospects for the development of foreign trade relations between Peru and Russia. The dynamics of RussianPeruvian diplomatic relations was studied, the most significant periods of these relations were highlighted, the crisis periods that affected cooperation between countries, including the Second Pacific War (1879−1884) were identified, and the collapse of the USSR. The most fruitful period in the history of Russian-Peruvian relations is marked by the beginning of the "most-favoured-nation" regime, established in 1969 after the signing of the Trade Agreement by the parties. The key aspects of the current state of trade cooperation between Peru and Russia are highlighted. The intensification of trade cooperation in the modern period occurred after the meeting of the presidents of Russia and Peru in 2008 at the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation summit in Lima. The commodity structure of trade relations between Peru and Russia is considered. It is suggested that the priority tasks for the further active development of Russian-Peruvian cooperation can be considered the increase and diversification of trade, the growth of mutual investment, and the signing of a bilateral free trade agreement. The methodological basis of the research includes general scientific methods: historical-legal, structural-functional, comparative-legal, formal-legal, statistical. The information work was compiled scientific literature, monographs, regulatory documents, and reference materials that demonstrate the functioning of foreign economic activity, including between Russia and Peru.


Patients with esophageal varices still have high incidence of rebleeding and high case fatality after the the first bleeding had been controlled in emergency department,so it is necessary to prevent its rebleeding.At present, although there are many methods to prevent its rebleeding , there is no one standardized method up to now and combined therapy of many therapeutic method is more feasible . Applying nonselective beta-receptor inhibitor alone or combined with nitrate and therapeutic endoscopy can achieve reliable clinical efficacy,especially the combination of nonselective beta-receptor inhibitor and therapeutic endoscopy is more better.Once it is failed,transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt can lower motality as a rescue therapy,and is gradualy replacing by-pass technique.With the development of liver transplantation.it is being put into consideration as a therapeutic method for esophageal varices rebleeding .


The domestic water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) is an important livestock resource in many countries of Asia, the Mediterranean region and Latin America. The world population of buffalo is estimated to be 172 million (FAO: http://faostat.org/) of which 96 per cent (166 million) are in Asia and the remainder mainly in the Mediterranean and Latin American regions (Perera, 2008). Uterine torsion is recognized as a major obstetrical disorder in buffaloes causing dystocia (Srinivas et al., 2007) and caesarean section is the only choice to solve this disorder in delayed cases (Selvaraju et al., 2012). The occurrence of uterine torsion increases adrenocortical activity and influences blood vascular cellular components as well as the metabolism of liver, kidney and muscular system (Ghuman, 2010). Uterine torsion, first reported in 1766 by Boutrolle, is the rotation of the pregnant International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 9 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


In this work, a new voltage-mode (VM) single-input single-output (SISO) multifunction biquadratic filter based on voltage conveyor (VC) is proposed. The proposition makes use of two voltage conveyors and six admittances. The proposed structure provides low-pass (LP), band-pass (BP) and high-pass (HP) responses simultaneously with appropriate selection of admittances. The performance of the proposed structure is verified through Spice simulations using AD844. The simulation results are found at par with the proposed theory. The proposed topology is electronically tunable.


The paper has conducted cluster analysis of co-word matrixes through key word frequency statistics of competitive intelligence papers published in recent years,which have reflected hot spots and research orientation in competitive intelligence research,discussed the status and development trend of competitive intelligence research in China.


Taking Nanzheng and Chenggu counties as examples landslide's development regulation in Qinling and Bashan mountatinous is studied on the basis of surveying Micangshan area which is the eastern section of the mountains.By investigating 5092.5?km~2 area,184 geologic disasters have been discovered,in which there are 164 landslides,89.1% of the total amount,which threaten 6300 people.It is the heavy disaster area of landslip in our country,and people's lives and properties are threatened seriously.The main type of landslide in this area is small scaled landslide composed with constructional layer.The landslides'forming conditon is closely related to geography,rainfall,the geologic strata structure and human engineering activities.Most landslides occurred in low mountains and hills in rainy seasons(from July to September) each year and in years with heavy rainfall.Many landslides happened because the slopes'feet were cut by residents to build houses.Since most landslides are in small size and threaten many separated families,and the control project will cost much,so the better preventing mothed is keeping buildings and residents to avoid the landslides.At the time,it is necessary for the local people to increase their knowledge of preventing geo-hazards.


Metacognitive skills play a central role in the student learning process. However, there is a limited report consider regarding any learning model that can enhance students' metacognitive skills, particularly related to students' academic level. This current research aimed to perform the Simas Eric Learning Model (SELM) by considering students' academic level, namely, high and low academic levels toward metacognitive skills. The SELM is one of the learning model based on constructivism focusing on student-centered activities. The total of the participants was 254 senior high school students. The categorization of the sample was based on the homogeneity test in their IQ score. IQ tests had been conducted by schools before doing research in collaboration with higher education institutions that have official certificates measuring IQ. Test on the metacognitive skills was done before and after the learning and was analyzed by using Analysis of Covariance and Least Significance Different tests. The research results show that SELM was able to improve students' metacognitive skills significantly. The metacognitive skills of students who were taught by SELM were 71.9% higher than those who were taught by the conventional learning model. SELM can be used to improve students' metacognitive skills in learning biology.


Described is a biocide-free, pre-moistened with a hygroscopic inorganic salt sponge cloth based on regenerated cellulose, which is mechanically reinforced with fibers and / or a network and contains a hygroscopic salt, characterized in that it has an aw value of less as 0.80. Due to the low aw value, the sponge cloth has antibacterial, bacteriostatic, fungicidal and / or fungistatic action. The hygroscopic salt is preferably magnesium chloride. It may be combined with other inorganic salts, with low molecular weight, mono- or polyhydric alcohols, with sugars, sugar esters, mono- or polybasic carboxylic acids, esters of mono- or polybasic carboxylic acids and / or with hydrophilic polymers. The sponge cloth is preferably made by the viscose process.


This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae, and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand, or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. Digital topographic models are the foundation of more advanced modeling applications and ultimately inform planning and decision making in many fields. Despite this, the error associated with these models and derived attributes is commonly overlooked. Little attention has been given in the scientific literature to the benefits gained from having less error in a model or to the corresponding cost associated with reducing model error by choosing one product over another. To address these gaps in knowledge we evaluated the error associated with five digital elevation models (DEMs) and derived attributes of slope and aspect relative to the same attributes derived from LiDAR data. We also estimated the acquisition and processing costs per square kilometer of the five test models and the LiDAR models. We used three measures to characterize model error: (1) root mean square error, (2) mean error (and standard deviation), and (3) area of significant elevation error. We applied these measures to DEM products that are used extensively across a range of applications for planning and managing natural resources. We depicted the relationship between model accuracy (the inverse of error) and cost in two ways. One was accuracy/cost ratio for each model. The other used separate data on accuracy and cost to better guide potential users in choosing between models or deciding on necessary expenditure on models. The main conclusion of our work was that accounting for error in DEMs can inform choice of models and the need for financial outlays. 1. Introduction Primary topographic attributes play a critical role in decision making for many planning and management fields. Understanding both natural and anthropogenic patterns and processes across a landscape requires techniques that can accurately represent complex topographic features (Holmes et al. 2000). Topographic models …


Colloid hydrogel spherical core of alginate-chitosan capsules which is used to surround a bovine serum albumin were prepared using coacervation method. The effective physical parameters on porosity or permeability of chitosan-alginate polyions membrane were determined by the manipulation of solution conditions such as pH, ionic strength, and polymer concentration of chitosan. Different pH (3.9, 4.9, 5.9) and different concentrations of chitosan (0.1 g, 0.2 g, 0.3 g) as well as with and without NaCl (0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 %) were used to study the release of bovine serum albumin (BSA, molecular weight= 69,000) in vitro from the capsule prepared from alginate-chitosan blended polymer. The overall diffusion of BSA through the chitosan capsule membrane increased as the pH increased from 3.9 to 5.9. Also, an increase in the concentration of NaCl in the chitosan solution used in the preparation of capsule caused an increase in the diffusion of the protein. In contrast, an increase in the concentration of chitosan solution from 0.1g to 0.3g caused a decrease in diffusion of the proteins.


Eleven contagious ecthyma virus (CEV, or orf virus) isolates were selected from various regions of China and cultured in bovine tetis cells. The DNA of the 11 CEV isolates were digested by restriction endonuclease Eco RI, Bam HI, Hpa I, Hind III, Kpn I and their electrophoretograms obtained. The nucleic acid sequency and molecular weight of every strain were measured to be of difference of 10-25 kb in length.


Bhrlich ascites tumour cells became resistant to actinomycin D (AD),Vinblas-tine (VLB) and 5-Plurouraoil (5-Fu) after prolonged treatment in vivo with these drugs.Their elcetrophoretic behaviour,total surface charge,PO4 group,NH2 group and SH group are all shown in table 1.Blectrophoretic mobility (as contributed by the total cell surface charges) of cells of VLB-resistant subline was significantly lower and those of AD-and 5-Fu-resis-tant sublines were significantly higher than that of sensitive one.This seems to suggest that there is no correlation between drug resistance and electrophoretic behaviour.The mobility of cells of AD-resistant subline remained the same after the interruption of the durg for over half a year.This resembles the situation found in sarcolysine-resisitant subline previously described (Ku and Liu,1965).On the other hand,in the case of VLB or 5-Fu-resistant sublines,the mobility changed significantly after the discontinuation of durg treatment for one week or for more than half a year.The charge density of PO4,NH2 and SH groups changed in one way or the other.These indicate that electrophoretie behaviour is determined by both the genetic and physiological adaptations.The invasion of Bhrlich ascites tumour cells into fat tissues of the uterus in tumour bearing mice was not evident upon gross examination (Fig.3),but conld be noticed in histological sections in some cases (Fig.1).However,after the treatment of tumour cells with VLB for about 40 weeks,the infiltrated fat tissue became enlarged,thickened and oplescent in appearance (Fig-4).This sort of invasion persisted for 40-50 generations (Fig.2) and vanished away gradually,despite the continuous presence of VLB.Invasion into fat tissue was less apparent and prolonged in AD-and 5-Fu-resistant sublines.On the whole,it seems that invasion of tumour cells is a rather complex phenomenon which may be in some way related to both the genetic and the physiological adaptations,but in no simple way related to electrophoretie mobility.


It is expected that during strong earthquakes, longitudinal reinforcing steel in reinforced concrete structural elements may undergo large tension and compression strain reversals. Because of insufficient tie spacing, this repeated loading into the inelastic range may lead to buckling of steel reinforcing bars. Even though this problem has been studied by several researchers, most of these studies have been based on monotonic behavior. In this research, steel coupons were machined from steel reinforcing bars conforming to most of the ASTM A 706 specifications. These specimens were tested under axial-strain-controlled monotonic and reversed cyclic axial loading. The tests were performed until the specimens failed, in all cases under compressive loading. To study the effects of the ratio of spacing of lateral supports (Sh) to bar diameter (D) on reinforcement stability, tests were performed for Sh/D ratios of 2.5, 4, 6, and 8. Based on observed buckling behavior in reinforcing bars under cyclic (reversed) l...


the paper deals with the case when particles are evenly distributed in ravines, using the equilibrium coefficient to update the particle velocity. the method of optimizing a swarm of particles in the case of a "ravine" is one of the most effective approaches for multi-extremal optimization. however, in the existing methods of optimizing the swarm of particles with the "ravine" methods, the number of particles around the ravine is very different from each other, which makes it difficult to find high-quality algorithms in all the ravines. thus, the computational resources are distributed in the ravines in a more balanced way.


This paper analyzes the design of macroeconomic policies for Slovenia on its way into the Euro Area. We simulate different policy scenarios, distinguishing in particular between different exchange rate regimes. For this purpose, we use the model SLOPOL4, a macroeconometric model for Slovenia. We determine 'optimal' exchange rate and fiscal policies for Slovenia as solutions of optimum control problems with a quadratic objective function and the model slopol4 as a constraint. Several optimization experiments are carried out under different assumptions under a fixed exchange rate, a flexible exchange rate and a crawling peg regime approximating Slovenia's entry into the Euro Area. The sensitivity of the results is examined with respect to several assumptions.


Fifty patients receiving corticosteroid medication were studied for each different type of liver disease suffer and those who received such medication and other disease processes in which the underlying liver pathology observed or consecutive to that administration. The author concludes that corticosteroids may be used in tables or prolonged torpid evolution, in acute cases, the des progressive offset, or to prevent the entry point of the chronic cases. The dose reduction should be tapered in shape to avoid the rebound phenomenon.


A collection of papers presented at the annual conference of the Institute of historical studies, Calcutta, sveral years ago. The general theme of discussion at this conference was the changing position of women in India life and society.


The authors present a multidimensional orthogonal multiprocessor (OMP) conceived for massively parallel computation. The OMP compares favorably with the generalized hypercube and spanning-bus hypercube. All three architectures extend the original concept of binary n-cube. Among the three, the OMP requires equal or less hardware and yet presents some interesting application potentials in massively parallel computation. The orthogonal architecture is a viable alternative to the conventional single-instruction multiple-data (SIMD) array computers which use distributed local memories. A detailed description of binary and k-ary OMP architecture is provided. Interprocessor communication strategy and network characteristics are presented. Potential applications and conclusions are included.<<ETX>>


The invention discloses a polymer matrix conductive composite material, prepared from a first crystalline polymer, a second crystalline polymer, a conductive filler, an inorganic filler and a processing auxiliary. The invention also discloses a method for preparing a temperature self-limiting heat tracing cable from the composite material. The polymer matrix conductive composite material provided by the invention contains the second crystalline polymer which is capable of improving the interface bonding between the conductive filler carbon black and polyethylene, so that the stability of the conductive network in the composite material is enhanced and the interface resistance between the conductive composite material and the electrode after the heat tracing cable is placed at a high temperatures is reduced; and the prepared temperature self-limiting heat tracing cable has excellent resistance reproducibility and stability.


We study the long-time behavior of an exterior Hele-Shaw problem in random media with a free boundary velocity that depends on position in dimensions $n \geq 2$. A natural rescaling of solutions that is compatible with the evolution of the free boundary leads to homogenization of the free boundary velocity. By studying a limit obstacle problem for a Hele-Shaw system with a point source, we are able to show uniform convergence of the rescaled solution to a self-similar limit profile and we deduce that the rescaled free boundary uniformly approaches a sphere.


We investigate the initial value problem for some energy supercritical semilinear wave equations. We establish local existence in suitable spaces with continuous flow. The proof uses the finite speed of propagation and a quantitative study of the associated ODE. It does not require any scaling invariance of the equation. We also obtain some ill-posedness and weak ill-posedness results.


Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) estimates derived from power spectra of pulse-echo signals are sensitive to mi- crostructure and potentially can differentiate among tissues. However, QUS estimates do not provide molecular specificity. We investigated the feasibility of obtaining quantitative photoacoustic (QPA) estimates for sensi- tivity to microstructure and chromophores for tissue classification. QPA methods were tested using gel-based phantoms containing uniformly dispersed, black polyethylene spheres (1E5 particles/ml) with nominal mean diameters of 23.5, 29.5, 42.0, and 58.0 μm. A pulsed, 532-nm laser excited the photoacoustic (PA) response. A single-element, 34-MHz transducer with a 12-mm focal length was raster scanned over the phantom to acquire 3D PA data. Normalized power spectra were generated from the PA signals within 2079, moving (50% overlap), 1-mm-cube regions-of-interest (ROIs) to provide three QPA estimates: spectral slope (SS), spectral intercept (SI), and effective absorber size (EAS). SS and SI were computed using a linear-regression approximation to the normalized spectrum in the -6-dB band. EAS was computed by fitting the normalized spectrum in the -20-dB band to the multi-sphere analytical solution. All estimates were correlated with the size of particles dispersed in the phantoms. SS decreased while SI increased with an increase in particle size. EAS was correlated with nominal particle diameter, but particles aggregation and the finite bandwidth of the PAI system resulted in outliers. SS, SI, and EAS for the 23.5-μm-phantom were -0.14±-0.04 dB/MHz, 4.8±1.3 dB, and 25.4±6.3 μm, respectively; the corresponding values for the 58.0-μm phantom were -0.47±-0.03 dB/MHz, 15.6±0.9 dB, and 82.7±0.9 μm.


In this paper we propose a method for selecting an appropriate subset of sensors with a view to minimize estimation error while tracking a target with sensors spread across in a 2-dimensional plane. In particular, we address the problem of "given N sensors, select n<N sensors to improve the given estimate of target location". Only the selected sensors need to measure distance to the target and communicate the same to the central "tracker". This minimizes the bandwidth and energy consumed in measurement and communication while achieving near minimum estimation error. In this paper, we have proposed that the sensors be selected based on three measures viz. (a) collinearity, (b) spread, and (c) proximity to the target. We use least square error estimation technique to compute the target location using distance measurements subject to multiplicative errors from multiple sensors


Presentation Abstract Socioeconomic inequalities and natural resource exploitation reflect the limitations of how the current food system functions. Global and local conceptual categories are used to describe two alternatives that are shaping the way food is produced, processed, distributed, and consumed. In the United States, food hubs are seen as a model that is able to scale up local and regional food systems in the face of the negative consequences generated by the dominant globally oriented system. Although food security and economic development are the main desirable outcomes for any food system initiative, not much research has been done about how food hubs contribute to these two interrelated key issues. In this study, the research questions have been narrowed down by taking into account the four dimensions through which food security is commonly framed (availability, access, utilization, and stability) and the seven drivers of the community wealth building approach to economic development (ownership, place, multipliers, collaboration, inclusion, workforce, and system). Seven food hubs operating in the Northeastern U.S. were surveyed. Qualitative information was collected about their activities in accordance with the dimensions and drivers included in the adopted conceptual framework. The results suggested that food hubs that operate as business incubators and food processing facilities are involved in several wealth building strategies. Nonetheless, food hubs cannot generally be considered a stand-alone policy to increase food access for underserved social groups.


Secure transmission of data is one of the most challenging goals. Generally, users avoid the use of a secure channel due to its high cost. Various schemes have been proposed to solve this issue. Some of the schemes are based only on encryption or steganography alone, which is not able to provide the desired level of security in a modern scenario. In this work, a security scheme has been proposed to address the challenge of secure communication at a low cost in three phases: vectoring, cryptography, and steganography. The proposed scheme has a flexibility factor that allows for different levels of security and secrecy. Different types of messages require different levels (high/low) of security, considering the circumstantial robustness on demand. A high level of security ensures security against attacks from the attacker for sensitive information. Our proposed security scheme is capable of providing the required level of security with decreased complexity. The proposed scheme is of a dynamic nature, as per the requirement.


The following short descriptions of several of the eggs and larvæ of Plymouth prosobranchs, hitherto unknown or imperfectly known, are brought together, although many of them are not fully worked out. It is hoped in the near future to publish a general account of the British species with reference to all known forms, including those which have been specially described from Plymouth. Some of those described below have not yet been identified, but it is thought that it is worth while noting them for the benefit of future workers, especially some striking forms, important in the plankton on account of their size. This is notably the case with the three larvæ probably belonging to the Turridæ.


Introducion : Knowledge of Married women regarding different methods of contraception is an important determinant of their use. Poor knowledge of contraceptives leads to less use of contraceptive methods, which leads to unintended pregnancy. Many such pregnancies end up with mistimed or unwanted births or abortion. Many of such abortions are clandestine, contributing to maternal mortality and morbidity. One of the consequences of unregulated fertility is unplanned population growth. Objectives : To know the knowledge index of contraceptives among married women residing in rural area. Material and Method : 400 married women were chosen from one Primary Health Centre using Population Proportion to size method and then systematic sampling method. Data was collected by giving house to house visit and with the help of pre tested questionnaire. Knowledge index was calculated for each contraceptive, Knowledge index was calculated by using formula, KI = Actual Score/ Maximum score X 100. Data was analysed by using percentages and Chi square test. Result : Without prompting, about 60 % knew about tubectomy. 68% of participants did not know about Oral contraceptives, 80% about condom and CuT. On prompting more than 90% of married women could mention one or the other method of contraception. Better knowledge of Contraceptives was positively associated with education, socio economic status and distance from Primary Health Centre. Conclusion : Knowledge of married women about temporary contraceptives was poor in spite of their availability in health facilities within their vicinity.


Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Nonperiodic Macromolecular Assemblies from Electron Micrographs.- 1 Introduction.- 1.1 General.- 1.2 The Three-Dimensional Structure as an Average.- 2 Methods for Obtaining Projection Data.- 2.1 What is Being Reconstructed?.- 2.2 Scanning of Projection Data.- 2.3 Hardware and Software for Electron Image Processing.- 2.4 Alignment of Projections.- 2.5 Methods for Obtaining Statistically Significant Projections.- 3 Methods of Three-Dimensional Reconstruction.- 3.1 Preliminaries.- 3.2 Some Existing Algorithms for Reconstruction.- 3.2.1 Real-Space Methods.- 3.2.2 Fourier Methods.- 3.3 Resolution of the Reconstructed Object.- 3.4 The Point Spread Function and the Effect of Angular Limitations.- 3.5 Conical Tilting Geometry.- 3.6 Experimental Data Collection Methods.- 3.6.1 Goniometer Tilting.- 3.6.2 Use of Multiple A Priori Orientations.- 3.6.3 Random Tilts of a Long, Quasi-Cylindrical Particle.- 3.6.4 Random In-Plane Rotations of a Particle Having a Fixed Orientation.- 3.7 Representation of Three-Dimensional Data.- 4 Experimental Results.- 4.1 Ribosome.- 4.2 Oxygen-Carrying Proteins: Hemocyanins and Hemoglobins of Invertebrates.- 4.3 Chromatin.- 4.4 Survey of Published Results.- 5 Conclusions.- Appendix: Some Important Definitions and Theorems.- A.1 The Two-Dimensional Fourier Transform.- A.2 Convolution.- A.3 Resolution in the Fourier Domain.- A.4 Low-Pass Filtration.- A.5 Correlation Functions.- A.6 The Projection Theorem.- References.- High Resolution Biological X-Ray Microanalysis of Diffusable Ions.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Principles of the Technique.- 3 Specimen Preparation.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Low Temperature Methods for AEM.- 3.3 Tissue Preparation.- 3.4 Rapid Freezing.- 3.5 Cryoultramicrotomy.- 3.6 Frozen Transfer.- 3.7 Freezing Drying.- 4 Quantitation.- 4.1 Theory of Quantitation of Biological Thin Samples.- 4.2 Errors in Quantitation.- 4.3 Mapping.- 5 Applications in the Analysis of Diffusable Ions.- 6 Conclusion.- References.- Metal Deposition by High-Energy Sputtering for High Magnification Electron Microscopy.- 1 Introduction.- 1.1 Increase of Surface Information.- 1.2 Background.- 1.2.1 Enhancement of Topographic Contrast.- 1.2.2 Increase of Contrast at High Magnification.- 1.2.3 High Resolution Replicas.- 1.2.4 Scanning Electron Microscopy.- 1.2.5 Visualization of Surface Fine Structures.- 1.3 Contrast Principles.- 1.4 Limiting Properties of Conventionally Used Metal Films.- 1.4.1 Metal Film Thickness.- 1.4.2 Particle Decoration.- 2 Methods.- 2.1 Microscopy.- 2.1.1 Specimens and Preparation.- 2.1.2 Instruments.- 2.1.3 Useful Magnifications.- 2.2 Metal Deposition Technique.- 2.2.1 High Vacuum Metal Deposition System.- 2.2.2 Geometric Factors for Metal Deposition.- 2.2.3 Film Thickness Measurements.- 3 Metal Deposition.- 3.1 Metal Film Formation.- 3.1.1 Phases of Film Growth.- 3.1.2 Nucleation.- 3.1.3 Film Growth from Nuclei.- 3.2 Low-Rate High-Energy Sputter Deposition.- 3.2.1 Energy Parameters.- 3.2.2 Low-Rate Deposition.- 3.3 Thin Continuous Film Production.- 3.3.1 Reduction of Decoration Effects.- 3.3.2 Reduction of Scattering.- 3.3.3 Reduction of Self-Shadowing.- 3.3.4 Reduction of Contamination.- 3.3.5 Critical Film Thickness.- 3.4 Coating Strategy.- 3.4.1 Surface Information.- 3.4.2 Rationales for Continuous Film Application.- 3.4.3 Choice of Coating Technique.- 3.4.4 Test Specimen.- 4 Conclusion.- References.- Computer Programs for Biological Stereology.- 1 Introduction.- 1.1 Stereology: An Overview.- 1.2 Biological Applications of Stereology.- 2 Point Counting Programs.- 2.1 Point Counting Stereology: An Overview.- 2.2 Hardware.- 2.3 Software.- 2.3.1 Experiment Design.- 2.3.2 Data Input.- 2.3.3 Data Management.- 2.3.4 Data Analysis.- 2.3.5 Data Output.- 3 Digitizing Programs.- 3.1 Digitizing Stereology: An Overview.- 3.2 Hardware.- 3.3 Software.- 3.3.1 Data Collected.- 3.3.2 Data Analysis.- 4 Special Purpose Stereology Programs.- 4.1 Size Frequency Distributions and Mean Caliper Diameters.- 4.1.1 Convex Structures.- 4.1.2 Nonconvex Structures.- 4.1.3 Oriented Structures.- 4.2 Sampling Analysis.- 4.3 Quantification of Freeze-Fracture Replicas.- 4.4 Pattern Analysis.- 5 Concluding Comments.- References.- A Guide to Fracture Label: Cytochemical Labeling of Freeze-Fractured Cells.- 1 Introduction.- 1.1 Freeze-Fracture: Membrane Splitting.- 1.2 Freeze Etching: Membrane Cytochemistry.- 1.3 Fracture Label: Freeze-Fracture Cytochemistry.- 2 Experimental Procedures.- 2.1 Main Steps.- 2.2 Preparation of Specimens.- 2.2.1 Fixation.- 2.2.2 Embedding in BSA.- 2.2.3 Impregnation.- 2.2.4 Freezing.- 2.2.5 The Sandwich Method.- 2.3 Freeze Fracture.- 2.3.1 Thin-Section Fracture Label (TS-FL).- 2.3.2 Critical Point Drying Fracture Label (CPD-FL).- 2.4 Thawing and Deglycerination.- 2.4.1 Thin-Section Fracture Label (TS-FL).- 2.4.2 Critical Point Drying Fracture Label (CPD-FL).- 2.5 Labeling.- 2.5.1 Detection of Concanavalin A Binding Sites.- 2.5.2 Detection of Wheat-Germ Agglutinin Binding Sites.- 2.6 Processing of Labeled Specimes for Electron Microscopy.- 2.6.1 Thin-Section Fracture Label.- 2.6.2 Critical Point Drying Fracture Label.- 3 Electron Microscopy.- 3.1 Thin-Section Fracture Label.- 3.2 Critical Point Drying Fracture Label.- 4 Interpretation.- 4.1 Postfracture Reorganization of Membrane Components.- 4.2 Labeling of Outer Surface Receptors on Protoplasmic Membrane Halves.- 4.3 Labeling of Intracellular Membranes and Nuclear Matrix.- 4.4 Commentary.- References.- The Preparation of Colloidal Gold Probes and Their Use as Marker in Electron Microscopy.- 1 Introduction.- 2 The Preparation and Storage of Colloidal Gold Sols.- 2.1 Introductory Remarks.- 2.2 Citrate Gold (15 nm). (Reducing Agent = Sodium Citrate).- 2.2.1 Stock Solutions.- 2.2.2 Procedure.- 2.2.3 Variation of the Size by Using Different Citrate Concentrations.- 2.3 A Modified Citrate Method for Producing 8-10 nm Gold.- 2.4 Phosphorous Gold (Reducing Agent = White Phosphorous).- 2.4.1 Introductory Remarks.- 2.4.2 Stock Solutions.- 2.4.3 Procedure.- 2.5 The Alternative Citrate-Tannic Acid Procedure for Preparing Small Gold Particles.- 2.5.1 The Procedure of Mulpordt.- 2.5.2 The Procedure of Slot and Geuze.- 3 The Production, Purification, and Storage of Gold Probes.- 3.1 General Remarks About the Adsorption of Proteins to Colloidal Gold.- 3.2 Preparation of Protein Solution and Colloidal Gold Sol Before the Adsorption Step.- 3.3 Determination of the Minimal Protecting Amount of Protein.- 3.3.1 Introductory Remarks.- 3.3.2 Procedure.- 3.4 Preparing, Purifying, and Storing a Gold Probe.- 3.4.1 General Remarks.- 3.4.2 The Preparation of a Polyclonal Antibody/Gold Probe for Use in Electron Microscopic Immunocytochemistry.- 3.4.3 The Preparation of a Monoclonal Antibody/Gold Probe for Use in Electron Microscopic Immunocytochemistry.- 3.4.4 The Preparation of Streptavidin/Gold and Protein A/Gold Probes for Use in Electron Microscopy.- 3.4.5 Use of Carbowax 20 M as Stabilizer.- 4 Quality Control and Analysis of Gold Sols and Probes.- 5 Critical Evaluation of the Use of Gold Probes in Selected Marking Techniques.- 5.1 Influence of the Size of the Gold Particles on Marking Efficiency.- 5.2 Gold Marking of Surface Components of Cells in Suspension and Monolayers.- 5.3 EM Localization of Targets in Tissues.- 5.3.1 General Remarks.- 5.3.2 Immunomarking of Ultrathin Sections of Resin-Embedded Tissues or Cells.- 5.3.3 Immunomarking of Thawed, Ultrathin Frozen Sections of Tissues or Cells.- 5.3.4 Protein A/Gold or Secondary Antibody/Gold Probes?.- 5.3.5 Double on-Grid Marking.- 5.4 Pre-Embedding Marking of Intracellular Targets in Cultured Cell Monolayers.- 6 Conclusions.- References.


Under the new normal of college life of students in which network is accessible at any place and any time, the position of colleges and universities in the strategy for strengthening China through network becomes increasingly prominent. How to use network to put into practice the network education in the "Ten major educations" system has become an unavoidable problem. "Yiban" as a powerful handle of network ideological and political education in colleges and universities has its unique advantages. Starting from the role of "Yiban" played in building ideological and political education for college students and the challenges faced, this paper makes an exploration on how to effectively promote "Yiban" in the ideological and political education in colleges and universities. And a reliable, effective and sustainable "Internet and Ideological and political education" combined education model is created, to contribute to ideological and political education from the perspective of network. Keywords—network education; "Yiban"; network ideological and political education; promotion method


Objective To assess the clinical effect in treating critical prematures. Methods 116 critical prematures were randomized into the treatment group (62 cases)and the control group(54 cases) .On the basis of the routine treatment, the treatment group was givenintravenous drip of gammagluaxse. Results On the fifth day, the rate of stability of the group treated with 1V1G is 75. 8% . On the tenth day, the rate is 93.3% . But the rate of the control group is 50% and 70.4%. The death rate of the treatment group i.s 6. 4% ,the control group is 11. 1 % . The effect in treatment group was better than the other group. Conclusion The curative effect of IVIG in treating critical prematures is good and worth popularizing.


We study a class of percolation models in complex networks in which nodes are characterized by changed hidden variables reflecting the variational properties of nodes, and the occupied probability of each link is determined by the hidden variables of the end nodes at each time. By the mean field theory, we find analytical expressions for the phase of percolation transition. It is determined by the distribution of the hidden variables for the nodes and the occupied probability between pairs of them. Moreover, the analytical expressions obtained are checked by means of numerical simulations on a particular model. Besides, the general model can be applied to describe and control practical diffusion models, such as disease diffusion model, scientists cooperation networks, and so on.


This article is devoted to the analysis of the transformation of corporate governance systems in the realities of the modern economy. The role of large corporate structures in the world economy and politics is considered, the scale of activities of transnational corporations is shown. The characteristic of risks and problems of corporate governance at the present stage of the economy is given, the necessity of revision of scientific approaches to corporate governance taking into account the current changes in the activities of major corporations is formulated.


Ed Hamilton set a high standard for geoacoustic modeling of the sea floor. His comprehensive yet thorough descriptions of sediment properties in forms readily usable by acoustic modelers were seminal contributions to underwater acoustics. Hamilton was able to synthesize a wide diversity of in situ acoustic data within the framework of the Gassmann sediment model in which the pore water and sediment solids move together in response to acoustic fields and with attenuation modeled empirically. During the Sediment Acoustics Experiment in 1999 (SAX99), a wide variety of acoustics measurements were made in the 0.1–1000 kHz range combined with extensive sediment characterization of the medium sand, shallow water site. Some of our acoustic measurements support the hypothesis that relative motion between the pore fluid and sand grains has important consequences for sediment acoustics at the low end of our frequency range. Results from SAX99 will be reviewed which suggest the importance of more complex sediment models for a shallow water sand site. One such model will be described that recovers the spirit of Hamilton's desire to minimize complexity yet accurately describes the acoustic behavior of the sediment. [Work supported by ONR.]


The research status of the domestic and international natural fiber reinforced polypropylene composites is introduced,the application prospect of such composites in practical production is conducted,and the main issues involved in the manufacturing and application of such composites are stated.


A sampling method is described for the collection of air samples containing both nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and nitric oxide (NO) in the range of 0.5 to 5 ppm NO2 and 9 to 50 ppm NO. These two gases are trapped on a solid sorbent sampling tube which employs the collection of the NO2 on a triethanol-amine (TEA)-impregnated molecular sieve surface; the oxidation of NO to NO2 by a solid oxidizer; and the collection of the converted NO on another section of TEA sorbent. The trapped NO/NO2 on each TEA section is desorbed and the concentrations are determined spectrophotometrically. At all concentrations tested, the collection efficiency for NO2 averaged approximately 96%. The collection efficiencies for NO were as follows: at 9 ppm, 97%; at 11 ppm, 106%; at 24 ppm, 84%; and at 50 ppm, 67%.


Current literature supports the promotion of nurses to the administration level focusing on areas that have shown positive outcomes such as improved patient care and staff satisfaction. An advanced degree in business, nursing, or health administration is a valuable choice for nursing administrators in today's health care environment to provide the necessary education for these positions. The primary objective of this study was to determine the benefit to hospitals of an advanced degree in the role of hospital administrators; as well as to investigate the perceptions of current nurse leaders in the hospital setting and their application of an advanced degree in administrative roles. The study was conducted using a quantitative survey designed to evaluate the gaps in the role of the advanced degree and the nursing executive and their practice in the hospital environment. An online survey provided data related to specific perceptions that included recommendations for preparation of candidates for advanced nursing positions, methods utilized to assist nurses to advance, and the requirement of an advanced degree for such positions


The structure of ErpC, a member of the complement regulator-acquiring surface protein family from B. burgdorferi, has been solved, providing insights into the strategies of complement evasion by this zoonotic bacterium and suggesting a common architecture for other members of this protein family.


Females of the digger wasp Clypeadon laticinctus prey exclusively on workers of the western harvester ant Pogonomyrmex occidentalis. There is considerable variability in the size of ant workers both within and between ant mounds, and wasps tend to select larger workers as prey. Worker ants were most likely to be outside the nest at surface temperatures of 25–35°C. Wasps were seen at ant mounds most frequently when surface temperatures were between 40 and 50°C. Wasps captured ants outside and inside ant nests. Predation attempts were equally likely to result in a successful capture in either location, but entering the ant nests was more time consuming. Approximately 63% of visits by wasps to ant mounds resulted in a successful prey capture. In general, ant mounds that were visually conspicuous or close to wasp nest aggregations were more likely to be visited by wasps. However, frequency of visitation and rates of predation at a given mound varied considerably from week to week. Agonistic interactions betwe...


This article discusses innovation achievements in the region innovation network by the relational capital, innovation network joint mechanism, and main-body innovation ability. Taking the high-tech development regions and Scientific and Technological Park regions in Jiangsu Province as samples, the article carries on the real diagnosis, and come to the conclusion that "the former cooperation experience, the great microscopic relations capital formation factor have been helpful in the establishment of region innovation network main body in relations, interaction, association of the same level network joint mechanism, and then the promotion of innovation achievements".


This study assessed the prevalence of childhood stuttering in people with dyslexia (PWD) and the prevalence of dyslexia in people who stutter (PWS). In addition, the linguistic profiles of 50 PWD, 30 PWS and 84 neurotypical adults were measured. We found that 17 out of 50 PWD (34%) reported stuttering during childhood compared to 1% of the controls. This was moderated by the severity of dyslexia: People with mild dyslexia showed a lower prevalence rate (15%) of childhood stuttering than those with severe dyslexia (47%). In addition, we observed that 50% of the PWS (n = 30) fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of dyslexia, even though they had never been diagnosed as dyslexic. Finally, PWD and PWS did not differ on any phonological measure. The findings suggest that stuttering and dyslexia may share a common phonological deficit.


The utility model discloses a coiler mandrel with an embedded expanding-collapsing cylinder, which is used for an expanding-collapsing device of a double-mandrel rotary type coiler mandrel in a tandem cold mill, and comprises a mandrel shaft, a coiler mandrel expanding-collapsing mechanism which comprises a pull rod, an expanding-collapsing slider, a sector plate and a crosshead. The coiler mandrel with the embedded expanding-collapsing cylinder is characterized in that one end of the mandrel shaft is provided with an expanding-collapsing cylinder cavity, a piston ring is arranged on a piston, the piston is fixedly connected with the pull rod of the expanding-collapsing mechanism of the coiler mandrel in the expanding-collapsing cylinder cavity, a cylinder cover is fixed on the outer end surface of the expanding-collapsing cylinder cavity, and a rotating joint is arranged on the cylinder cover. The coiler mandrel with the embedded expanding-collapsing cylinder has simple and practical structure, and omits a prior single type expanding-collapsing hydraulic cylinder, the tail portion of the mandrel shaft is processed into the expanding-collapsing cylinder cavity, the piston is arranged in the expanding-collapsing cylinder cavity to form the expanding-collapsing hydraulic cylinder, thereby reducing the length of the mandrel, reducing the weight of the mandrel, reducing the number of parts, and increasing the dynamic balance of the mandrel.


Abstract The search for a least dense packing of spheres (circles) makes sense only under suitable restrictions because otherwise sphere packings of arbitrarily low density may be constructed. An effective restriction is that all spheres have to be symmetrically equivalent. It has been tried to weaken this condition such that the spheres (circles) have only to be equal in size as well as in their number of contacts. It turned out, however, that even then series of packings may be derived within which the density approaches zero. Examples for such series are presented.


LOPEZ REDONDO, F. & E. MANRIQUE REOL (1989). Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf: chemical races and their distribution in the Iberian Peninsula. Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 46(1): 295-305 (in Spanish). The analysis of 1.552 specimens oi Pseudevernia furfuracea frota the Iberian Peninsula shows the presence of four chemical races: I, with physodic and oxyphysodic acids; II, whith pysodic and olivetoric acids; III, with olivetoric acid, and IV, with physodic, oxyphysodic and olive- toric acids, as the main lichen products in the medulla. The distribution of the chemical races of P. furfuracea in the Iberian Peninsula is presented and its possible correlationship with ecological factors is studied. The chemical race III seems to correlate with high rain fall areas.


Brain region segmentation in neonatal magnetic resonance (MR) images is an essential task for computer-aided diagnosis of neonatal brain disorders using MR images. We have proposed a neonatal brain segmentation method using a fuzzy object model (FOM), which represents a prior knowledge of brain shape and location. The FOM is constructed from multiple neonatal brain MR images whose revised age was between 0 and 4 weeks. The method segmented the brain region with a good accuracy for subjects whose age matches of the training data set. To enhance the method, we need multiple FOMs for each age. The other solution is to develop a growable model. This paper introduces 4-D FOM and applies it to neonatal brain segmentation. This paper introduces a neonatal brain segmentation method using 4-D FOM. The proposed method consists of three components. The first part proposes a method for estimating the brain development progress, called growth index in this study, from MR images based on Manifold learning. The second part shows a procedure for generating 4-D FOM using the estimated growth index. The third part is to segment brain region based on fuzzy-connectedness image segmentation using 4-D FOM. The proposed method was applied to 16 neonatal subjects. The results show that 4-D FOM is superior to stable 3-D FOM for segmenting neonatal brain region from MR images.


The finite element analysis software ANSYS is used to make the optimization design of the structure of the heavy haul cast steel wheel web, the effect of the dimensional change of the web arc radius on the wheel weight and stress distribution on the web is analyzed, so as to provide the reference basis for determination of optimum dimensions of the web arc radius.


Chillies (Capsicum annnum L.), a member of the family Solanaceae is an important commercial spice cum vegetable crop of India. There is no spice probably so popular as chilli and no other spice has become such an indispensable ingredient of the daily food of majority people of the world. The area under chillies in India is 805 thousand hectares with a production of 1276 thousand tonnes during the year 2011-12 (Anonymous, 2013). Both green and dried chillies are the important components of our routine diet which give the required pungency, colour, taste and flavour to our dishes. The presence of capsaicin in chilli is responsible for its pungency and it has medicinal value. There is lot of demand for chilli oleoresin in the world market. It is having lot of export potential. Chilli is a rich source of vitamin 'C' and 'A' with plenty of minerals. The principal colouring matter is capsanthin, the carotenoid pigment which contributes about 35 per cent to the total pigments. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 8 Number 01 (2019) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


It is shown that every locally contractible metric space that is the countable union of finite dimensional compacta is an absolute neighborhood retract. The theorem of this note was motivated by a desire to show that the space of all piecewise linear homeomorphisms of a compact piecewise linear manifold onto itself (which Geoghegan [4] has shown to be the countable union of finite dimensional compacta) is an ANR. This result follows as a corollary to the theorem of this paper. The author wishes to thank William Mason for helpful conversations. In the proof of the theorem we shall use the fact that every open covering a of a metric space, D, has an open barycentric refinement, ß (i.e. an open covering with the property that if x e D then there exists U e cl such that if x e V e ß, then V<=U). We shall also use the fact that every open covering a of a separable metric space, D, has a countable star-finite refinement, ß (i.e. a countable open covering with the property that given U e ß there exists a Ve a. such that U<= V and {Weß\Wr\U^0} is finite). These facts are well known and can be found, for example, in Dugundji [1]. We start with the proof of the following Technical Lemma which is stated using terminology that will be helpful in the proof of the theorem. Technical Lemma. Let D— (JítLi Dk be a metric space where each Dk is nonempty, compact and finite dimensional. Let {e¿}¿*Li be a sequence of positive numbers. Then for each positive integer, n, there is a sequence of collections of open sets, ^ln<n, ^ni"+2^ ^n.n+i* ' ' ' w'tb the following properties : (a) if U"j e <%nj, then diam UnJ<e¡, ■(b) ifUnJ, U'ni}efynj,then UnjC\U'n,¡=0, (c) // Unj e °Un.j, there is an integer k^jso that Dk C\UnJ^ 0, (d) for each n, alln= (J£,0 ^ln_n+2i is a countable cover of D. Received by the editors July 9, 1972 and, in revised form, December 6, 1972. AMS (MOS) subject classifications (1970). Primary 54C55; Secondary 58D15.


Superconducting Y1Ba2Cu3O 7−δ (YBCO) thin films were prepared on MgO(100) substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The films were partly irradiated by ArF excimer laser during deposition. We found that the irradiated parts were strongly a‐axis oriented normal to the surface of the substrate for YBCO films prepared at 650–700 °C, whereas the x‐ray diffraction pattern of the unirradiated parts consisted of the peaks of the (110), (00l), and (h00) planes. The surface morphology of the laser irradiated part of the films was very smooth, whereas that of the unirradiated parts was relatively rough. The zero‐resistance temperature of the unirradiated and the irradiated parts of YBCO films prepared at 650 °C were 45 and 72 K, respectively.


Despite the high prevalence of alcohol problems and disorders among women who experience intimate partner violence (IPV), factors related to current alcohol use are understudied. We examined current risk factors for alcohol problems among 143 substance-using, IPV-exposed women recruited from an urban community from 2007-2010. PTSD symptom severity was associated with alcohol-related problems and a positive alcohol screen; physical IPV severity was related to alcohol dependence. Posthoc analyses revealed that PTSD symptom severity mediated relationships between physical IPV severity and hazardous, harmful, and dependent drinking. Focusing on managing PTSD symptoms and physical IPV in community-based interventions may halt the progression from alcohol use to dependence.


The stagnation that occurs in the study of hadith science causes Fazlur Rahman to offer a new methodology in understanding hadith, namely Double Movement hermeneutics. It includes two movements in which the first movement starts from the context of the present to the time of the hadith conveyed by the Prophet by studying textually as well as socio-historically. The second movement is to return to the present by applying the moral ideals implied in the hadith. The Prophet's comment in the hadith forbidding women's leadership is just a response to the Queen of Persia's appointment at the time, not a shar'i provision in choosing a leader, according to the Double Movement theory. So that nowadays women may be elected to serve as leaders on condition that they have adequate authority and leadership.


Abstract We draw from critical pedagogy and work on radical democratic praxis when discussing ways to teach sexuality studies in a way that embodies revolt and resistance to inequitable social hierarchies. Together, we specifically look at three areas where we have worked to infuse the teaching of sexuality with themes of resistance and revolt: 1) Enhancing political engagement, including a closer look at how to create an advocacy group; 2) Manifesto writing, with students writing their own manifesto; 3) Teaching anti-assimilationist politics, as students imagine and design an anti-assimilationist gay pride parade. These examples of pedagogies, class materials, and assignments suggest that teaching sexuality from a critical and activist posture works to better incorporate voices on the margins (e.g., queer/trans, women, fat, disabled, older, people of color) while pushing back against the biocentric notion that sexuality studies merely teaches about sexual facts.


This article is dedicated to the syntactical analysis of phraseological units with component denoting "money" in teaching English Lexicology classes. Besides, teaching English phrases is designed not only for learning in the classroom, but also for expanding vocabulary in oral speech, and at the same time teachers must know how to use appropriate methodological techniques so that students can use them for real purposes. The peculiarity of teaching these units through different methods is that, they have the main features of the sentence; on the other hand, they are characterized by phraseological nature. In their composition there are components of two types: constant, defining the construction itself and being the exponents of meaning and variable, the words of the category parts of speech which are lexically free. Such a composition of syntactic idioms suggests that phraseological sentences are partially reproduced. The analysis of existing approaches to its understanding allows us to specify a number of differential features as well as proposing a working definition of syntactic phraseology.


In the latter part of the nineties, Davenport (1998) emphasised that although many companies were beginning to feel that knowledge was their most valued asset, only a few had actively begun to manage knowledge efficiently and effectively, especially on a daily basis. One can contend that this statement by Davenport is still applicable today. Companies are still struggling to get to grips with knowledge management. Fortunately, since Davenport made this statement, a lot of work has been done on knowledge management. This article builds on the work of authors such as Zack, Davenport, Earl, Snyman and Kruger and others, and argues that not only should knowledge be governed by strategy before detailed knowledge management plans can be made, but more importantly that sound knowledge management practice should be based on predetermined principles and strategies. Arguing from this perspective, this article not only emphasises the strategic link between knowledge management and strategy, but also focuses on determining whether or not there are any principles and strategies available that operate from a knowledge management perspective, to guide strategists in their efforts to manage knowledge effectively.


Explorations on ultraviolet (UV) communication field are relatively little among wireless communication for lacking of suitable simulation equipments. Possible mode was investigated on UV by combining mature coding techniques with gradually improved multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology. A candidate modulation method, the 16-ary quadrature-amplitude modulation (16QAM), was analyzed for UV communication using MIMO technology. Comparisons between 16QAM and OOK were presented to better depict characteristics of 16QAM through simulation. The result shows that under specific bit error rate (BER) requirements for most communication environments, 16QAM can help save transmitting power and enlarges transmission capacity.


Main goal of the present work was the synthesis of reactive silica hybrid materials and the investigation of their water stability for a long period of time. For the improvement of silica reactivity, which is the base structural component of these hybrids different types of natural and synthetic organic materials were used – chitosan (CS), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), methyl methacrylate (MMA) and methacrylic acid (MA). The structural characteristics of the obtained silica hybrids are investigated via XRD and SEM analysis. The XRD data reveals successfully formation of amorphous silica hybrid material. The SEM micrographs show the specific chemical properties of the chosen organic components, play important role on the final hybrid morphology .EDX analysis is used for establishment of the hybrid materials chemical/elemental composition.. In order to investigate their long-term stability, the synthesised sol-gel silica hybrids are immersed in a water solution for 48 and 168h. Their weight changes were evaluated. The experimental results of the immersed samples presented high stability for a long period for the specimens from the following compositions-silica/MMA and silica/CS/MMA. The opposite behaviour (low stability) was shown from the silica hybrids with participation of HEMA and combination of CS and HEMA.


In this short paper, K denotes a complete, non-trivially valued, ultrametric field. Sequences and infinite matrices have entries in K. We prove a few characterizations of Schur matrices in K. We then deduce some non-inclusion theorems modelled on the results of Agnew [1] and Fridy [3] in the classical case. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 40, 46.


Aim To investigate the effect of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9(PCSK9) siRNA on inflammatory factor expression in oxidized low density lipoprotein(ox-LDL) induced THP-1 macrophage cells. Methods The siRNAs for PCSK9 were designed and synthesized,then THP-1 macrophages were transfected with 80 nmol/L PCSK9 siRNA by positive ion liposome Lipofectamine 2000 for 24 h and then a high level of ox-LDL(80 mg/L) for an additional 24 h.Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was conducted to detect interleukin-1α(IL-1α) mRNA,interleukin-6(IL-6) mRNA and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) mRNA. Results Ox-LDL increased IL-1α mRNA,IL-6 mRNA and TNF-α mRNA expression.The expression of IL-1α mRNA,IL-6 mRNA and TNF-α mRNA in the macrophage pretreated with PCSK9 siRNA was decreased significantly,in comparison with ox-LDL-treated group(P0.05). Conclusion PCSK9 siRNA can repress inflammation factor expression of THP-1 macrophage cells induced by ox-LDL.PCSK9 may be involved in adjustment for inflammation.


This paper proposes a stepwise confidence set procedure for identifying equivalence or safety of compounds in a toxicity study under heteroscedasticity of variances for a normally distributed data. The problem of statistical methodology for drug safety is the control of the familywise error rate (FWER). Hence, we construct a confidence set procedure for toxicological evaluation and incorporating the partitioning principle with a case of heteroscedascity of variances under normal assumption. Our simulation studies demonstrated that the power of the procedures for heterogeneity of variances increases with increasing in ratio of means.


Abstract Background The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has prompted governments internationally to consider reform and strengthening of their Public Health systems. To support this work in Ireland, we undertook a review Public Health systems internationally (research question [RQ] 1), and identified lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic (RQ2). Methods Data relating to Public Health systems (RQ1), and lessons learned (RQ2) for a select group of 12 countries were identified from organisations' websites, an electronic database and grey literature search and representatives from key national-level organisations. Data for RQ1 were extracted, mapped to the 12 Essential Public Health functions (EPHFs) at national, regional and local levels, and verified by participating representatives. For RQ2, thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with participating representatives was undertaken and. Results Typically, across all included countries, there is national strategic oversight of all EPHFs and, for certain functions, there is regional and local level implementation. Lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic broadly related to the themes of legislation and decision making; data collection, surveillance, evidence synthesis and collaboration; public health interventions; public participation, public messaging and communication; continuation of healthcare services; and workforce capacity and resilience. Conclusions When structuring Public Health systems, there is a need to identify which functions, and or which elements of a function, should be delivered at a national, regional or local level to ensure a sustainable and comprehensive Public Health system. Appropriate IT infrastructure, strong communication and an established evidence synthesis function are key to timely and informed decision making. Ideally, these functions should be established during periods of relative stability to permit a faster response during a pandemic or emergency situation.


Examining college English teaching from the point of view of thinking field,we will find all kinds of malpractices that the teacher-centred spoon-feeding way of teaching or cramming method of teaching has brought.The best solution is to apply the college English teaching strategy from the angle of view of thinking field,that is,strategies of properly inspiring students' interest and arousing students' thinking activities.


Delayed luminescence from human hands after illumination by light at different wavelength bands was studied. A delayed luminescence measurement system equipped with photomultiplier tube (PMT), fiber optics and automatic mechanical shutter system was developed. Three spectrum band-pass filters, fer which transmissions are on 350450 nm, 450550 nm and 550650 nm, were used to select irradiation wavelength, and 150W metal-halide lamp was used as an illumination source. Six volunteers put their palms (dorsa) onto the measurement system, and after light illumination, delayed luminescence were measured for 10 minutes. The results show that delayed luminescence after shorter wavelength illumination was higher than that a(ter longer wavelength one. These results indicate the existence of accepters in human skin which can be excited at short wavelengths. Furthermore, each subjects showed different delayed luminescence curve patterns. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known to have important roles on delayed luminescence, and this research suggests that ROS concentration can be measured noninvasively with optical methods.


Lake Biwa is the largest freshwater body in Japan and its water quality (e.g. COD(Mn)) is worsening since 1985 despite various pollution prevention measures. In order to implement more effective measures, "Lake Biwa Basin Integrated Management Model (LBIM)", which can simulate hydrological and material cycle situation in Lake Biwa Basin, was constructed. LBIM consists of three component models; the land model, the lake flow model, and the lake ecological model. As a result of the calculation of water quality and quantity in Lake Biwa Basin by applying LBIM, those were simulated well including the difference between areas. In addition, the effect of some measures to the lake water quality was evaluated.


In the 90's, as a consequence of the economic crisis in Brazil, the majority of the public sector implemented the Voluntary Retirement Program (PDV). The present study intends to propose an alternative model of reducing the number of personnel in the public sector, with simultaneous emphasis on a permanent investment in human development, minimizing any negative social impact of collective voluntary retirement. Using a qualitative methodology, with the study of multiple cases, a non probabilistic sample was chosen among employees of the Bank of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, in which PDV program was put into effect in 1995. The study – which was descriptive, prescriptive and non experimental used the known method of "content analysis" (Bardin), complemented by some quantitative and qualitative surveys. The several methodologies revealed psychic suffering among all employees who did not participate in the PDV, and unemployment and bankruptcy among those who made the option for voluntary retirement. It also appears that the dysfunctional bureaucratic structure and culture, existing in the Bank, promoted and reinforced dependency, immaturity and poor self knowledge, behaviors that are incompatible with current demands of the job market. It prevented also better possibilities for selfidentity and for self-development of individual potentials among the bank employees. Moreover, it created uneasiness and suffering in the work place, which was only compensated by the opportunity of a satisfactory interpersonal relationship.


The research objective is to describe the information systems and technologies that are currently utilized in the judicial systems and subsequently analyzing country's efficacy in administering justice


Abstract This is Part II of a two-part paper describing the vertical profile of radar reflectivity in GATE convective cells. Time-height radar life histories for 42 cells over three GATE days are examined, using data from the Quadra radar with 5-minute resolution. Mean profiles and plots of cell characteristics are generated, and confirm that the mean profiles in Part I are representative of the active portion of the cell lifetime. There are marked differences between the cell life histories of isolated cells and the longer-lived cells associated with mesoscale systems. In contrast to cells sampled in organized systems, the isolated cells are often of very limited vertical extent and must be dominated by the warm rain process. When forcing features exist such as gust fronts and intersecting lines of convection, they appear to dominate the generation of new convection, and isolated strong echoes are not observed. Composite life histories for typical GATE cells are constructed. The typical radar echo forms ...