This dissertation targets the triple goal, of productivity, portability, and adoptability, by taking the position that infrastructure is needed that takes into account the full complexity of the real-world problem, and acts as a guide to make independent research efforts coherent and cumulative.
The first part of this dissertation discusses the nature of the problem. It is not scholarly, due to the complexity and imprecision of the real-world aspects. It is best viewed as a first step in an iterative process: a try is made at informally modeling the problem, followed by proof-of-concept solutions aligned with that model, that motives the next iteration of more objective and thorough observations to create a better model, followed by better solutions guided by the new model, and so on. Such iteration is the standard approach to breaking cyclic dependencies, and this dissertation takes the position that it is a good time to try adding such informal models of real-world phenomena that affect productivity and adoption.
This dissertation defines the mapping of application onto hardware as porting, and the subset of that related to performance as the specialization process. The analysis of parallel computation exposes what the specialization process needs as input to produce a highly efficient mapping.
The parallel-computation model's main outcomes are the activities to be performed during specialization, and the consequent needs of specialization. The activities include identifying boundaries of parallel tasks in the application, modifying the structure of the application to make the resultant tasks and their communication patterns fit efficiently onto the hardware, inserting a runtime implementation tuned to the target hardware, and low-level optimizations of the task-code. These activities need the language to expose tasks, the dependencies between then, certain properties of the tasks, and to prevent scheduling code from appearing in the application.
The second part of this dissertation goes on to relate two candidate frameworks that were designed in accordance with the model and analysis. Each candidate framework has a working proof-of-concept prototype. The first, called BLISS, is based on a centralized server that performs specialization, after development but before distributing the installable image. The second is based on the morphable hardware abstraction called VMS. VMS has no application-usable semantics, but rather accepts those in the form of a plugin, which makes it morphable. It is a direct replacement for the Thread hardware abstraction. And, it is suitable as the basis for a portability framework because it breaks the specialization process into three independent steps, allowing separate entities to perform those steps independently. Hence, no centralized server is needed, and the decomposition increases reuse of effort put into specialization tools.
These frameworks provide a road for reusable tools to deliver performance portability of the widest possible range of applications, written in highly productive languages and environments. The frameworks fit various aspects of the software segments, addressing adoptability issues that have blocked uptake of other approaches. Rather than try to create the languages and specialization tools itself, the frameworks instead provide standard interfaces and methodology to support other, unconnected groups, to develop the languages and tools.
Some initial tests have been performed with the frameworks to gain an indication of how well they might support a collective search. For the embedded segment, performance is top priority, and a poor performing framework would block adoptability, so performance numbers are given for proof-of-concept languages built on top of the frameworks. These show for each framework that it does not present a performance barrier to adoption. A modest productivity study for creating new languages based on VMS is also presented,and shows that the search for new parallel languages, such as embedded domain-specific languages, is accelerated by VMS. A proof-of-concept specialization server is demonstrated in BLISS, which shows that automated specialization can successfully take place in a centralized server. This in turn shows that BLISS provides the necessary conditions for specialization, and hence for portability. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)


The aim of the research is to formulate the methodological approach to evaluating knowledge generation efficacy at universities based on the assumption that higher education institution knowledge generation is defined by the knowledge generation transaction costs. To evaluate knowledge generation efficacy at the University, authors suggest the following performance criterion: transaction efficacy of knowledge generation, which is a quantitative characteristic of knowledge generation efficacy demonstrating the share of knowledge increase in the context of transaction costs increase. To test these method authors conducted the evaluation of knowledge generation transaction efficacy at several Russian universities. The theoretical importance of this research is in formulating and testing university performance efficacy criteria allowing for the further formulation of methodological recommendations on improving academic activities at higher educational institutions. The practical importance of obtained results is that they can be used in analysis and design of institutional knowledge generation environment at the University. Knowledge Generation Efficacy Ratio can be used for making a decision concerning which research activities of students and university staff deserve more financial investments. The authors claim that the analysis of productivity of research units with the KGER method can be a source of valuable managerial information, which could be the basis for scientific assessment in Russia and other countries.


We improved the ultraviolet (UV)/O3-based method for measuring chemical oxygen demand (COD) in water. An on-line COD monitoring device was developed and the UV/O3 method was used to oxidize sample solutions. A model was established by using support vector machines (SVM) algorithm to estimate dissolved oxygen and CO2 in solutions. Based on the measured data by each sensor during the oxidation process and the estimated dissolved oxygen and CO2, the UV/O3-based COD test accuracy was improved. This approach overcomes many problems associated with the conventional COD determination techniques such as long analysis time, consumption of expensive and toxic reagents, and production of secondary toxic waste. The effect of important parameters on the measurement of COD was systematically investigated. The improved method was successfully applied to determine the COD of real samples from environmental water. Compared with the standard dichromate method, our UV/O3-based COD test method is more effective. The assay time of 10–15 min/sample can be readily achieved. A practical detection limit of 0.89 mg/L COD with a linear range of 1–300 mg/L was achieved under the normal conditions. doi: 10.2166/wst.2018.005 s://iwaponline.com/wst/article-pdf/77/5/1271/249191/wst077051271.pdf Gaoyang Le (corresponding author) Huizhong Yang Xiaodong Yu School of Internet of Things Engineering and Key Laboratory of Advanced Process Control for Light Industry (Ministry of Education), Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China E-mail: email@example.com


The paper is concerned with the profile of religious organizations viewed as one of the forces to promote organ donation among the Russians. The authors analyzed the attitude of the most famous global religious denominations towards the key ethical issues related to organ transplantation, as well as the influence of religious leaders on the success of national organ donation and transplantation initiatives. This brought about the conclusion that there are no regulatory documents adopted by world religions, currently prohibiting this type of health intervention. Moreover, internationally there are a few examples of successful support provided by leaders and ordinary religious figures of various denominations to national centers of organ donation and transplantation. The medical and sociological findings indicate that there are statistically significant groups among Russian students and surgical patients of health organizations who consider the opinion expressed by a religious denomination as crucial in shaping their attitudes towards the challenges of organ transplantation and organ donation. Thus, the activities performed by religious organizations in Russia could enable a certain part of the country's population to develop a sound understanding of security, humanity and the need for organ donation programs, which would definitely support the elaboration of a national organ transplantation policy. © 2019 Published by Future Academy www.FutureAcademy.org.UK


The quantity of steel consumed can be considered as an indicator of industrial development as nations move to higher stages of industrialization, since the steel consumption has been thought to be closely linked to the rate of economic growth, which influences the level of activity in steel intensive sectors (Huh, 2011). After the World War II, the worldwide metal consumption increased rapidly and, this led to a concern about the supply of metals and a fear of early depletion (Wårell, 2014). As part of a broader effort to develop simple but accurate techniques for forecasting the future demand for metals, the International Iron and Steel Institute (1972) and Malenbaum (1973) suggested the intensity of use hypothesis during the 1970s. This hypothesis maintains that the intensity of metal use is a function of economic development as measured by real GDP (Guzmán et al. 2005). Intensity of use curve rises, peaks, and then decline as per capita income increases. For this hypothesis the intensity of metal use depends on the economic development in a country and changes over the development stages of the economy. Therefore the relationship between intensity of metal use and economic development exhibits an inverted U-shaped pattern. The main purpose of this study is to test the intensity of (steel) use hypothesis for Turkey during the period 1955-2012 using the cointegration technique with structural break. Given the dataset and time series techniques used, results indicate that the steel consumption and real GDP have the long-run relationship.


A video preview is formed by joining a subset of video snippets from a source video. It is expected to be expressive to help enrich users' experience and hence increase the views of the full video. However, it is challenging to identify suitable video snippets to compose such video previews in support of user recommendation of full-length videos. In this paper, we formulate this problem as an optimization problem to maximize the total playback popularity of video segments based on the analysis of a large amount of users' playback records. We design an algorithm for this problem and provide proof of optimality. Furthermore, we conduct an experiment using real industrial data and recruit volunteers to assess the quality of generated video previews. The experimental results show the feasibility and applicability of our methods.


The invention relates to a device (1) and method for sterilizing containers (10), comprising a sterilization unit (2). The sterilization apparatus comprises comprises a rod-like body (4) provided in an interior space of the containers (10) through a mouth (11) of the containers (10) can be inserted and which acts upon an inner wall of the containers (10) having a radiation. Further, a lift curve (54) is afforded, which produces a movement in a longitudinal direction L of the containers (10) between the containers (10) and said sterilization means (2) such that the containers (10) on the rod-like body (4) out are. Similarly, a moving means (64) is provided which is designed and configured such that a relative movement in the longitudinal direction L of the containers (10) between the stangenartigem Korper (4) and the lift curve (54) generated, and a relative distance r (between the lift curve 54) and the rod-like body (4) is variable.


The purpose was to compare young women and men for leg and arm isokinetic strength. Eighty-five subjects were included in each group. Multiple regression was utilized to determine the amount of variance in the strength of the arms and the legs that was accounted for by body composition and size. Once body composition and size were controlled, gender accounted for only 2% of the variance in leg strength and 1% of arm strength.


Just how does a high-school principal justify his title and salary ? Just what should he do to merit the full confidence and approval of his employer-the taxpaying public ? Is he indispensable to a school system ? Is his job one that any individual with fair intelligence can fill? Does he need special training for his office, or is it possible that whatever attributes he may require will transfer automatically from the fields of experience in which he has previously worked ? What, in short, are the true functions of a high-school principal and how shall he exercise them ? These questions have recently become matters of serious consideration by more than one group of social reformers. College professors of education, in particular, have been excessively busy with the subject. Not a few superintendents and board members, aware of the problem, have taken cognizance of its significance. It has even been hinted that an occasional principal has looked his official self full in the face and acknowledged that the inquiry into his raison d'itre has been both pertinent and desirable.


For sucking, in particular liquid or gingival slot tear fluid substances from body fluids, especially proteins, such as enzymes of the planar type device, comprising a receiving element (10), the support element (20), characterized in that: - the receiving element (10) is hydrophilic, pore size 0.22μm-5μm, especially 0.5μm-3μm, and a mixture of a plastic material or a plastic material, in particular an inert plastic material or a mixture of inert plastic material composition; - a support element (20) is hydrophobic, and a surface at least partially covering the receiving element (10), and - wherein said apparatus further comprises a discrimination member (40) and the receiving surface of element 10 relative placement.


The role of unanticipated changes in money growth for aggregate fluctuations is reexamined using the methods of quantitative equilibrium business cycle theory. A stochastic growth model with money is constructed in which production and trade take place in spatially separated markets (islands). Following Robert E. Lucas (1972, 1975), individuals only observe prices in their own local market, causing them to confuse changes in the average price level with changes in market specific relative prices. The authors show that this mechanism can lead to large fluctuations in real economic activity. Some aspects of the statistical properties of these fluctuations, however, differ significantly from those describing U.S. business cycles. Copyright 1997 by Ohio State University Press.


This article aims to consider the subject exclusion and school failure in the sociological perspective addressed by the influential theorist in the educational field: Pierre Bourdieu. This author brings important contributions which much favors the explanation of such matter. It is intended, first, to trace a brief historical overview of the problems related to learning in the Brazilian educational universe, which are the result of a system proposed to favor the minority. Then, taking as reference Bourdieu's sociological approach of the role of the school in capitalist societies and, finally, the concept of Symbolic Violence in schools. In this context, the promotion of a critical reflection is intended, about discursive practices that disseminate pre-designed and excludent values .


COPD likely has developmental origins; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully identified. Investigation of lung tissue-specific epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation using network approaches might facilitate insights linking in utero smoke (IUS) exposure and risk for COPD in adulthood. We performed genome-wide methylation profiling for adult lung DNA from 160 surgical samples and 78 fetal lung DNA samples isolated from discarded tissue at 8–18 weeks of gestation. Co-methylation networks were constructed to identify preserved modules that shared methylation patterns in fetal and adult lung tissues and associations with fetal IUS exposure, gestational age and COPD. Weighted correlation networks highlighted preserved and co-methylated modules for both fetal and adult lung data associated with fetal IUS exposure, COPD and lower adult lung function. These modules were significantly enriched for genes involved in embryonic organ development and specific inflammation-related pathways, including Hippo, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT), Wnt, mitogen-activated protein kinase and transforming growth factor-β signalling. Gestational age-associated modules were remarkably preserved for COPD and lung function, and were also annotated to genes enriched for the Wnt and PI3K/AKT pathways. Epigenetic network perturbations in fetal lung tissue exposed to IUS and of early lung development recapitulated in adult lung tissue from ex-smokers with COPD. Overlapping fetal and adult lung tissue network modules highlighted putative disease pathways supportive of exposure-related and age-associated developmental origins of COPD. Study of fetal and adult lung tissue DNA methylation networks reveals pathways of lung disease that may be primed during in utero development and with maternal smoke exposure, supporting early-life origins of COPD https://bit.ly/2yzFkds


Let Σ represent the class of analytic functions (1) which are regular, except for a simple pole at infinity, and univalent in |z| > 1 and map |z| > 1 onto a domain whose complement is starlike with respect to the origin. Further let Σ- 1 be the class of inverse functions of Σ which at w = ∞ have the expansion (2) . In this paper we develop variational formulas for functions of the classes Σ and Σ- 1 and obtain certain properties of functions that extremalize some rather general functionals pertaining to these classes. In particular, we obtain precise upper bounds for |b2| and |b3|. Precise upper bounds for |b1|, |b2 | and |b3| are given by Springer (8) for the general univalent case, provided b0 =0.


German rabbis of the sixteenth century, as Eric Zimmer remarks in his introduction, were not for the most part very distinguished; they published relatively little, and only one of them (H?ayyim ben Bezalel) achieved even moderate fame. Nevertheless, Zimmer has lavished his attention on these forgotten figures—David of Fulda, Abraham Stang Dülken, Isaac Ginzberg, and others—and his thirty years of patient research of manuscript sources (some of which he publishes here) have culminated in this book. The book is less than a complete survey of the topic, and still shows some signs of having been published initially as separate articles and studies. Zimmer presents a series of snapshots, grouped around the theme of conflict; these German rabbis, distinguished or not, did not lack for quarrels.


High-resolution satellite imagery (HRSI) has demonstrated the capability of generating orthoimagery and DTMs that meet topographic map specification to 1:10,000 scale. Moreover, the generation of image-derived products from HRSI requires very little in the way of ground survey data, thus making this imagery an ideal mapping tool for the developing world. However, the cost of HRSI remains a significant factor limiting its application for large-scale mapping where metric tolerance are most stringent. Taking IKONOS imagery as an example, base-level, 15m accurate (CE90) Geo imagery sells for about $US 20/km, whereas the 4m accurate Precision image product can cost upwards of $US 120/km in Africa and Asia. A very attractive proposition for mapmakers in the developing world, therefore, would be to have the capability of generating the metre-level accuracy of Precision imagery at the price of base-level Geo imagery. This paper addresses the means to realize this prospect through discussion of the results of experimental testing of stereo IKONOS Geo imagery in Northern Thailand. Geopositioning accuracy to better than 1m RMS in planimetry and around 1.3m in height was achieved with very few control points. The technique of bias-compensated rational functions was applied, along with a second sensor orientation model, using 6-8 ground control points. This produced geopositioning accuracy that met map specifications at 1:10,000 scale. The paper highlights that lowest-cost HRSI products can meet the large-scale mapping needs of developing countries, thus leading to a more economical means of providing this important spatial data infrastructure component.


The article discusses the prospects, the steps, the content development of rail transport of Vietnam, as well as financial support for development of rail transport.


An exploration was undertaken of the psychological characteristics of 19 patients with psychogenic voice disorders who failed to respond to standard methods of speech therapy. Excessive anxiety, musculoskeletal tension and difficulties in expressing feelings or being assertive were common, usually associated with unsatisfactory interpersonal relationships, especially with members of the family. Fifteen were offered psychological therapy, 14 being offered joint therapy with a speech therapist and a psychologist employing a cognitive-behavioural approach. Of the 12 who participated in the co-therapy programme, six improved both in their voice and psychosocial adjustment.


We easily forget how much cryptography is involved in our everyday lives. Whether we are grocery shopping with our credit card or surfing the web over a secure channel, cryptographic mechanism are put in place even if we're not fully aware of it. A large part of getting a better understanding of a cryptosystem is trying to break it and the science of "learning by cracking" is called cryptanalysis. Cryptanalysis is in fact the main focus of this book as it attempts to present the reader with tools as well as how to apply those tools to exploit weaknesses in a cryptographic scheme.


By making use of Leggett-Williams theorem,the existence of three positive solutions and multiplicity for a class of nonlinear second-order m-point boundary value problem are established,and an example of the results is given.


Image segmentation is a key technique of digital image processing.Analyses the crude oil group types and calculates the percentage of each group based on the accurate segmentation.Proposes a novel segmentation algorithm based on Threshold and Region Growing.Compared with the single threshold segmentation,the experiment indicated that the segmentation method presented has the advantage of extracting the target without any pixel of the background.In the meanwhile,with simple operation,the method can improve the efficiency of segmentation.


Scintillation light is widely believed to be Poisson or super-Poisson. We tested this hypothesis by measuring the temporal correlation between two detectors detecting scintillation light resulting from the same gamma-ray event in SrI2:Eu . Poisson light is expected to yield zero temporal correlations, while super-Poisson light is expected to yield positive, and sub-Poisson light is expected to yield negative temporal correlation. Scintillation light in SrI2:Eu was found to be negatively correlated. Therefore, we conclude that the scintillation light in SrI2:Eu is sub-Poisson.


noninoculated me dia. None of the media suppressed root rot development. Sul fur amendment to reduce pH of a bark-based medium (Metromix 500AE) decreased black root rot on Cleopatra manda rin seedlings when pH was lowered at least 1.0 unit compared to nonamended medium. Post-infestation drenches with benomyl, myclobutanil, and thiophanate methyl were more ef fective for root rot control than pH adjustment. MycostopAE, a


We report experimental results of carbon fiber cathodes for the magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator (MILO). The fabrication process of carbon fiber cathodes is presented. In experiments employing a 500kV, 100ns high-voltage pulsed accelerator, microwave generation in the C band was obtained with ∼900MW peak power and ∼20ns pulse width at about 4.5% efficiency. The MILO operation exhibited high stability by using carbon fiber cathodes. These results show that carbon fiber cathodes can offer promising applications for high performance MILOs.


Data collected ill /990·91 by ABARE were analysed to determine the relative influence of different factors on landholder investment in soil conservation. Factors which were found (0 be important in all agricultural zones were the farmer's perception of the need for soil conservation, alld whether thefarmer was in the mixed/arming industry. Variables which we/e significant in at least two zones and in Australian broadacre farming as a whole were land value. and the use 0/ demonstrations as a source of technical advice. The latter result could have impUcations/or the way in which program managers allocate soil conservation train.ing funds.


Although receptive lan(juage organization lies at the foundation of all other linguistic development, the evaluation of children performance in listening to extended streams of speech does not constitute a significant aspect of present methods of assessing children's language and reading capability. In this study 44 normal children in an upper middle class suburban primary school were allowed to control an automated closed circuit TV system. In repeated individual test sessions the system registered their listening preferences for either the natural soundtrack or an electronically processed unintelligible alternate soundtrack accompanying selected segments of Sesame Street programs. Thirty-three the children decisively rejected the unintelligible TV soundtracks--as expected of normal listens. However, the remaining 11 children did not do so. They each spent as many as 30 minutes viewing TV, programs with garbled, distorted soundtracks, although clear, .ERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS COPY RIGHTED MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY Bernard Z. Friedlander; Hans Cohen de Lara TO ERIC AND ORGANIZATIONS OPERATING UNDER AGREEMENTS WITH THE UN OFFICE OF EDUCATION FURTHER REPRODUCTION OUTSIDE THE ERIC SYSTEM REOUIRES PER MISSION OF THE COPYRIGHT OWNER U.S DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION & WELFARE OFFICE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR DROANIZATION ORIGINATING IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EDu CATION POSITION OR POLICY


The effects of pressure ( p ), superficial gas velocity ( U G) and solid concentration ( c v) on gas bubble size, gas holdup( e G)and gas liquid interfacial area ( a ) in a large scale slurry bubble column reactor were investigated. The gas-liquid-solid three phases were methane, mixture of decanes and glass beads with 15-20 μm diameter respectively in this study. The experiments were selected on the basis of three main process variables ( p,U G and c v) at five levels and a statistical correlation e G to the three main process variables was proposed from the data obtained. Further, the relationship between gas holdup and gas momentum per unit mass slurry was determined and could be expressed as e G=3 M 1/3 Gexp(-1.5 c v). Gas holdup values were measured by using the manometric method and were found to increase with pressure and superficial gas velocity due to the increase of the number of the small and large gas bubbles, respectively, it decreased with increasing solid concentration due to the decrease of the number of the small gas bubbles. Consequently,the interfacial area was found to increase with superficial gas velocity and pressure, and decrease with solid concentration.


The invention discloses a method, a device and a system used for detecting software One of the detailed implementing modes of the method comprises steps of receiving test operation information sent by a driving terminal; sending test operation instructions for a driven terminal based on the test operation information; receiving test data sent by the driving terminal and by the driven terminal; determining test results based on the test data of the driving terminal and the driven terminal; and sending the test results to the driving terminal. According to the invention, testing for compatibility, functions, performance and stability of software products in different test environments is achieved; and test efficiency of the software products is increased.


This paper focuses on optical fiber laser-based wide range temperature measurement applications, under circumstances where different strain values were applied to the chirped fiber Bragg grating at a fixed temperature and the uniform type IIA fiber Bragg grating was used temperature-tuned. This grating forms the end reflector in the laser cavity feedback configuration. Erbium doped fiber was used as the laser gain medium and was pumped by using light from a 1480 nm laser diode. The response of the sensor was achieved over the tunable-temperature range from 70°C to 500°C when a fixed strain value of 1000 με was applied to the chirped Bragg grating, with a root mean square error of 10°C, using linear fitting over the above measurement range.


Firefighting is a dangerous and physically demanding occupation. In emergency operations a firefighter"s physical capacity serves as a valuable resource during fire ground operations. This environment where the firefighters work puts a high demand on their physical ability. Research has repeatedly shown the need for high levels of fitness to perform safely in the fire service. The fire service"s greatest asset is not equipment, apparatus or stations, but rather its personnel. This research is to identify the need for a physical fitness program in the Maumee Fire Division and the possibility of establishing/implementing a program. Using statistical and action research, the following research questions will be answered: 1. Number of firefighters who would support a physical fitness program? 2. What types of exercises would be included in a physical fitness program? 3. When a fitness program is established, should program be mandatory or voluntary? A Literature Review was performed to document what and how other fire divisions started and kept their program successful, firefighters motivated, and everyone healthier. Forty firefighters were interviewed to find out how they felt about a physical fitness program. The results of this survey showed that they would support a physical fitness program and they voiced their opinions on what they would like to see in that physical fitness program. Although the support seems to be there, more information needs to be obtained before a physical fitness program can be established. A steering committee should be established to determine when physical exams are to be scheduled, and to set up policy and procedures. The


Metastatic Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Carcinoma Presenting as a Sphenoid Sinus Mass in a Juvenile
Primary neoplasms of the sphenoid sinus are rare. Instead, these lesions typically arise by local tumor extension from surrounding structures or are non-neoplastic in origin. Metastatic lesions are encountered even less frequently. We present a case of metastasis of pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma to the sphenoid sinus in an 18 year old male and to document this rare but potentially confusing radiologic diagnosis.


We investigate the computation of Hessian matrices via Automatic Differentiation, using a graph model and an algebraic model. The graph model reveals the inherent symmetries involved in calculating the Hessian. The algebraic model, based on Griewank and Walther's [Evaluating derivatives, in Principles and Techniques of Algorithmic Differentiation, 2nd ed., Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM), Philadelphia, PA, 2008] state transformations synthesizes the calculation of the Hessian as a formula. These dual points of view, graphical and algebraic, lead to a new framework for Hessian computation. This is illustrated by developing edge_pushing, a new truly reverse Hessian computation algorithm that fully exploits the Hessian's symmetry. Computational experiments compare the performance of edge_pushing on 16 functions from the CUTE collection [I. Bongartz et al. Cute: constrained and unconstrained testing environment, ACM Trans. Math. Softw. 21(1) (1995), pp. 123–160] against two algorithms available as drivers of the software ADOL-C [A. Griewank et al. ADOL-C: A package for the automatic differentiation of algorithms written in C/C++, Technical report, Institute of Scientific Computing, Technical University Dresden, 1999. Updated version of the paper published in ACM Trans. Math. Softw. 22, 1996, pp. 131–167; A. Walther, Computing sparse Hessians with automatic differentiation, ACM Trans. Math. Softw. 34(1) (2008), pp. 1–15; A.H. Gebremedhin et al. Efficient computation of sparse Hessians using coloring and automatic differentiation, INFORMS J. Comput. 21(2) (2009), pp. 209–223], and the results are very promising.


Consider the following three statements, each involving a general positive integer n. (1) The sum of the first n odd numbers is equal to n 2. (2) If p ≥ −1 then (1 + p) n ≥ 1 + np. (3) The sum of the internal angles of an n-sided convex polygon is (n − 2)π. Proposition 1 (Mathematical Induction). Suppose for each positive integer n we have a statement P (n). If we prove the following two things: (a) (Induction Basis) P (1) is true; (b) (Induction Hypothesis) If P (n) is true then P (n + 1) is also true; Then P (n) is true for all positive integers n. It follows that P (n) is true for all positive integers n. Example 1. Let P (n) denote the statement: 1 + 3 + 5 + · · · + (2n − 1) = n 2 , where n ≥ 1. Proof. (a) P (1) is true: 1 = 1 2. (b) Suppose P (n) is true. Then 1 + 3 + 5 + · · · + (2n − 1) = n 2. Adding 2n + 1 to both sides we have 1 + 3 + 5 + · · · + (2n − 1) + (2n + 1) = n 2 + 2n + 1 = (n + 1) 2. This means that the statement P (n + 1) is true. Thus P (n) is true for all positive integers n. Example 2. Let P (n) denote the statement: If p ≥ −1 then (1 + p) n ≥ 1 + np for all positive integers n. Proof. (a) P (1) is true: 1 + p ≥ 1 + p. (b) Suppose P (n) is true. Then (1 + p) n ≥ 1 + np. Since p ≥ −1, then p + 1 ≥ 0. Multiplying 1 + p to both sides, we have (1 + p)(1 + p) n ≥ (1 + p)(1 + np) = 1 + np + p + np 2 ≥ 1 + (n + 1)p. This is exactly the statement P (n + 1). Thus P (n) is true for all positive integers n.


In this study, the relationship between intellectual risk taking in science learning and metacognitive awareness of sixth, seventh and eighth-grade students was investigated by using the path analysis technique. This study is predictive research designed to determine the relationship between metacognitive awareness, grade level, gender, and students' intellectual risk taking. In the study, we examined a hypothesized model of relationships between variables. According to the hypothesized model, the endogenous variable of the study is IRT and exogenous variables are gender, grade level, and metacognition. In this study, 418 students enrolled in ordinary formal secondary schools were involved. One hundred and ninety-one were female while 227 were male. As data collection tools, two Likert type instruments; intellectual risk taking and metacognitive awareness scales, were used. The analysis of the data revealed that metacognitive awareness significantly predicted intellectual risk taking. In conclusion, there is a significant causal relationship between metacognitive awareness and intellectual risk taking. By increasing metacognitive awareness, we can increase intellectual risk taking and active participation to learning. It may be suggested to increase the sample size and to use different higher-order thinking skills methods and measure metacognitive awareness and IRT.


This paper is an attempt to reveal the role of the city of Qom in the narrative reality of the Twelver/ Imami Shia. What has become apparent is that Qom is a city with an intensely strong Shiite tradition. In fact, one might hardly find a Sunni therein. Additionally, it has become clear that Shiite Narratives from the Imams of Ahl Al Bayt appeared and spread within the city, especially during the third and fourth centuries after the hijra. During this time, a number of books relating to the Shiite Narrative tradition were published. All of this occurred during a time when, as it shall become clear, Sunni scholars were completely cut off from the city. They did not enter therein to narrate hadith, nor did they relate anything from the inhabitants of the city.
All of this assists us in our attempt to shed light upon a fact that is of the utmost importance: the fact that the Narrators mentioned in the books of the Twelver/Imami Shia were most likely present in the city of Qom and that their being shunned by the Sunnis does not entail that they did not exist. Rather, the Sunni scholars did not concern themselves with those of Qom due to their fabrication of Narratives from the Imams, according to the author of this paper, or for other reasons. Also, their presence has been confirmed by other evidence that make the author of this paper near certain of its' reality. However, none of what has been found entails their trustworthiness. Rather, the author believes that they have fabricated Narratives from the Imams; fabrications whose narrations and content are far removed from the Imams themselves. In the end, God knows best.


Background:  Some severe asthma patients are characterized by elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) and neutrophilic inflammation in the airways. Although such phenotypic changes in asthma might contribute to corticosteroid refractoriness, the role of TNF‐α in the process remains unclear. TNF‐α exerts its biological effects mainly by acting on the vascular endothelium, and thereby upregulates leukocyte recruitment into inflamed tissues. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dexamethasone (DEX) on the TNF‐α‐mediated responses of human microvascular endothelial cells from lung blood vessels (HMVEC‐LBl) in vitro.


PURPOSE: Provided is a beta-carotene intermediate containing a polyene branch structure which is useful for anticancer agent. Thereby, it is possible to obtain the beta-carotene containing a polyene branch structure which is excellent anticancer effect by using sulfone olefination reaction. CONSTITUTION: The beta-carotene intermediate contains the compound of formula 1; wherein, R1 and R2 are selected from the group consisting of -CHO, -CH2Cl, -CH2Br, -CH2I, -CH2OH, -CH2OSO2CF3, -CH2OSO2Ph, -CH2OSO2C6H4CH3 and -CH2OSO2CH3. The preparation of the intermediate contains following the steps of: (a-1) oxidizing an isoprene to obtain an isoprene monoxide; (b-1) reacting the isoprene monoxide and CuX2/LiX to obtain an allylic halide; and then (c-1) reacting the allylic halide and Na2S to obtain a diallylic sulfide. The (c-1) is characterized by following the steps of: adding the allylic halide to catalytic acid to form an acetal; reacting the acetal and sodium sulfide in the reactor; and then concentrating a solvent to hydrolyze it. A retinyl sulfide is obtained by witting reaction of diallylic sulfide and witting salt.


Discourse analysis the kind、trait and action of praise;the rules of praise;the attention of praise,and the use in practical life of praise.


We sequenced all nine exons and exon-intron junctions of the cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) gene from a Japanese subject with a lowered capacity of CYP2C19-mediated 4'-hydroxylation after an oral administration of mephobarbital. We found a novel single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of CYP2C19 gene as follows: SNP, 040110MoritaJ001; GENENAME: CYP2C19; ACCESSION NUMBER: NT_030059.8; LENGTH; 25 bases; 5'-GAGGGCCTGGCCC/TGCATGGAGCTGT-3'. The SNP (168946C>T) induced an amino acid alteration (Arg442Cys) located in exon 9 close to the heme-binding region of CYP2C19, which may result in the decrease in the catalytic properties of CYP2C19. A new allele having this SNP was designated as CYP2C19*16.


The basic problem considered here is the computation of the reentry trajectory of a single ballistic missile warhead as well as the trajectories of a number of decoys which originate from the warhead trajectory. Suitable three dimensional equations of motion are presented for a reentry vehicle with arbitrary drag coefficient, mass, and area, and the analog computer circuit for solving these equations in real time is given. Then a method of using several such circuits to compute simultaneously the trajectories of multiple targets with variations in all three initial velocity components as well as variations in ballistic coefficient is presented.


Conscientious use implies that physicians review articles about clinical research and apply this information to clinical decision making. Current best evidence from clinical care research implies that physicians systematically appraise the methods and results of clinical research articles using EBM tools. With these tools, physicians can separate the "wheat from the chaff" when reading medical journals and identify poorly designed studies that will produce biased results and should be "tossed out" before being applied to patient care. Judicious use implies that a physician's experience and patient's preferences are crucial components of decision making and these judgments must be balanced with the data from "best evidence."


This article describes the work of the National Health and Medical Research Council's accident research unit in Australia. Research being carried out into minimising head injuries, the effect of alcohol on driving performance, rural accidents and their causes, and spinal injuries, is described briefly.


This research explores the effects of selected salts on the microwave heating profile of a 5% (w/w) starch solution containing salt. The salts used were NaCl, CaCl 2 , FeCl 3 , Na 4 P 2 O 7 , or Na 5 P 3 O 10 at a concentration of 1% (w/w). The temperature of the starch solution was taken every 10 s for 90 s, and the heating curves have been plotted to show the effects of different salts on the heating of the starch solutions. There was a significant difference in the heating profile of samples containing salts versus those with without salt. However, there was no significant effect of type of salt used in the starch solution.


ABSTRACT The parallel confocal method for detecting whole-field 3-D surface topography is proposed in this paper. For the realizationof the method, in the confocal optical system, the micro-optic array component composed of a microlens array and a matchedpinhole array has been introduced to produce a symmetrical micro-array source. Thus, it can be performed to parallelingmeasure the tested object surface at the same time with the multi-detecting light beams. The method fully and successfullyshows the advantage of optical parallel processing in the confocal system, and overcomes the problem of a long-periodscanning required by the original confocal system, from which deviations occur. Meanwhile, some experimental results withthe parallel confocal detecting method are presented in the paper.Keywords: Parallel confocal detecting, whole-field 3-D surface topography, micro-optic array component 1. INTRODUCTIONOf recent years, it has been one of major research directions in optical inspection to measure the whole-field three-


Measurements of Reynolds stress and axial and transverse
turbulence intensities have been made in drag-reducing
turbulent pipe flow of a dilute solution of high molecular
weight polymer and compared to measurements made with pure
water. A newly developed laser velocimeter capable of
measuring these turbulence parameters has been utilized and
is described in detail.

Axial turbulence intensities measured in polymer solution
are consistent with previous polymer results and
viscous sublayer thickening is observed. New results include
demonstration that the turbulent shearing stress is
reduced in the turbulent core by an amount proportional to
the observed decrease in pressure gradient at the wall, and
extrapolates to a wall value in agreement with calculated
local wall shear. Near the wall polymer solution Reynolds
stress is reduced below that measured for water consistent
with observed velocity profiles. Polymer radial turbulence
intensities are comparable with those for water in the
turbulent core, but exhibit similar dramatic suppression
near the wall. These and other recent results strongly
suggest that dilute polymer solution drag reduction is
primarily a wall phenomenon. Polymers appear to have little
or no effect on turbulent flow away from a solid boundary
where turbulent velocities scale with u_τ, the shear
velocity based on the observed wall shear.


Metal halide perovskites have attracted a considerable amount of research attention with significant progress made in the field of optoelectronics. Despite their outstanding electrical characteristics, structural defects impede their potential performance due to the polycrystalline nature of solution‐processed perovskite films. Herein, the effective p‐type doping and defect passivation of phenethylammonium tin iodide ((PEA)2SnI4) perovskite films using xanthate additives as a sulfur source is reported. Sulfur can be introduced to the iodine vacancies mainly at the grain boundaries of the perovskite film, passivating the electrical defects originating from the iodine vacancy and increasing the hole concentration. The Fermi‐level shift toward the valence band maximum of the sulfur‐doped perovskite film is confirmed using ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy, resulting in p‐type doping. Finally, the electrical performance improvement for the 0.2% sulfur‐doped (PEA)2SnI4 thin‐film transistor with a mobility of 1.45 cm2 V−1 s−1, an on/off ratio of 2.9 × 105 is demonstrated, and hysteresis of 10 V is reduced.


This paper describes a novel continuous liquid level measurement technique based on a linear electrode array, which is vertically immersed in the liquid to inject an electric current into it and measure the voltage profile at different depths. We develop models that describe the relationship between voltage and liquid level for several vessel geometries of practical interest. Then, an inverse problem iterative algorithm is used to calculate the liquid level from the set of voltage measurements. The level accuracy values are far smaller than the interelectrode spacing and no calibration procedure is required. We describe a prototype measurement system to measure the water level in a 100 cm deep rectangular tank with a level accuracy of 3 mm when the electrodes are 5 cm apart.


One of the challenging issues in cloud computing is to estimate plausible cloud resources earlier to begin a new business. Vendors or cloud partners are often falling in risks by investing money without aware of the resources they can avail against their budget. In this study, we aim to build a two-stage model that guides vendors to specify a budget as a model parameter and obtain the possible cloud resources via a methodical process. In the first stage of the model, we consider and simulate the monthly cost calculator of Amazon EC2 service using Row Echelon Form to know which factors are involved in driving total cost for cloud resources and how much they affect the cost. In the second stage, we follow a reverse process to optimize the factor values using Genetic Algorithms for determining cloud resources. Finally, our proposed system is evaluated based on popular error measurement processes, MAE and MRE, and they show the outcomes are significant with moderate results in few cases.


Current transport systems are not likely to be sustainable, since energy resources may be less accessible, facing a rapidly growing demand and because of environmental constrains. In this context a great interest arose for sharing environmental assessment practices between infrastructures owners and researchers. For this present work a partnership between RFF and Ifsttar was decided to study environmental effects and energy consumption for railways life cycle. It paves the way to a full life cycle analysis (LCA) for environmental burdens of railway infrastructures and aims at identifying the best design practices at the project level related to environmental criteria. This LCA takes into account earthwork, railway structure and the operation phase, i.e., the analysis performed is based on the estimation of energy consumptions due to construction, maintenance and on the traffic. Results of this work could enhance practices for environment preservation for the plan of building 4000 kilometres of new high-speed railways, decided in the French National Transport infrastructure scheme. Applying LCA to the project phase is a rather new approach. It requires defining a global functional unit as a basic hypothesis of any study, different from the previous studies. Then, the lifecycle subsystems are successively investigated (construction, maintenance and use) to determine the best way for project Functional Unit definition and further assessment method application.


Lagrangian statistics of acceleration in a fully-developed turbulent channel flow at Reτ = 1440 are obtained from tracking of tracer particles in experiments and direct numerical simulations (DNS). The wall-distance dependency of acceleration correlations along particle paths is analysed. Near the channel walls, the correlations are strongly affected by quasi-streamwise vortices characteristic of near-wall turbulence. Further away from the walls, acceleration statistics approach isotropy, although signs of 23ème Congrès Français de Mécanique Lille, 28 au 1er Septembre 2017 small-scale anisotropy persist near the channel centre. This is evidenced by a non-zero cross-correlation between the streamwise and wall-normal acceleration components at nearly all wall distances. Very good agreement between the experimental results and the DNS is achieved for the Lagrangian acceleration statistics. Relative dispersion of tracer particle pairs is also studied by DNS. The mean square separation R2(t) = 〈(D(t)− D0)〉, where D(t) is the instantaneous separation of a particle pair, is analysed at different wall distances and for different initial separations D0. In all cases, the short-time behaviour is consistent with the Taylor expansion of R2, which predicts a ballistic regime where R2 grows as t2 at the leading order. At later times, for initial separations in the inertial range, the regime predicted by Richardson [1] in which the evolution of R2 scales with t3 is approached. Mots clefs : turbulence inhomogène, turbulence lagrangienne, accélération, dispersion de paires


The collective organization of living organisms in heterogeneous environments is a central issue in population ecology.  In particular, it is relevant to know how fragmented patterns emerge and ultimately determine whether the population will survive long term or go extinct. We address these issues for single species populations. The mathematical description of the spatial distribution can be achieved on a phenomenological mesoscopic level taking as starting point the canonical Fisher equation, governed by the main elementary processes of growth, competition for resources and random dispersal. This fundamental model is generalized in several realistic directions:  inclusion of nonlocality, density-dependencies in growth and diffusion rates, and selective spatial spreading. Additionally, the effect of the spatiotemporal heterogeneities of the environment is represented by fluctuations in the model parameters, and appropriate boundary conditions. We analyze the role of these factors, particularly the impact of noise, on population survival as well as on pattern formation and shaping.


Preventing systematic software failures is of paramount importance for any highly automatic vehicle control system, in particular for safety-critical AUTOSAR software. Among the most critical software defects are runtime errors like buffer overflows or data races. They may cause erroneous or erratic behavior, induce system failures, and constitute security vulnerabilities. Sound static analysis can be used to report all such defects in the code, or to prove their absence. It can also determine dependencies between software components and show freedom of interference without missing any data and control flow through data or function pointers. In the past, AUTOSAR projects often had to be decomposed or simplified to achieve satisfactory analysis time or memory consumption. Creating the analysis model, i.e., determining the tasks and ISRs to analyze, their priorities, synchronization, etc., required significant manual effort. In this article we present novel analysis concepts, developed in the Astrée analyzer, to support fully automatic integration analysis of AUTOSAR projects. The execution model is automatically derived from the ARXML specification. No changes to the software under analysis are required. All specified tasks and ISRs are analyzed assuming fully concurrent execution; runtime errors, data races and deadlocks are reported. Task priorities, core assignment, resources, spinlocks, and critical sections enclosed by primitives to disable/enable interrupts are automatically handled. To minimize false alarms, Astrée supports tuning the analyzer to the software under analysis by locally boosting analysis precision. We report on practical experience with real-life industry projects, giving an overview of alarm rates, analysis time and memory consumption, as well as reduction of false alarms by fine-tuning the analysis precision to the software under analysis.


Chronic kidney disease is a common comorbidity among patients taking direct‐acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs). Herein, we evaluate the influence of kidney function on stroke or systemic embolism (SEE), hemorrhage, and composite end points (stroke/SEE/hemorrhage/death and stroke/SEE/death) among patients on DOACs and warfarin. Baseline kidney function was categorized as glomerular filtration rate (GFR) ≥ 60 (reference), 45–59, and < 45mL/min/1.73 m2 for participants in the Randomized Evaluation of Long‐Term Anticoagulant Therapy (RE‐LY) (n = 18,049), Apixaban for Reduction in Stroke and Other Thromboembolic Events (ARISTOTLE) (n = 18,187), and The Effective Anticoagulation with Factor Xa Next Generation in AF (ENGAGE AF) (n = 20,798) trials. Incidence of events was compared across GFR categories. Hazard ratios for events were estimated using Cox regression using intention‐to‐treat analysis adjusting for known predictors. A large proportion of participants had GFR < 60 (25–29% had 45 ≤ GFR < 60 and 9.5–12.6% with GFR < 45). Compared with patients with GFR ≥ 60, warfarin users across the trials with GFR ≥ 45–59 and GFR < 45 had a higher incidence of hemorrhage (P values < 0.0001) and warfarin users in the ARISTOTLE and ENGAGE trials had higher incidence of stroke/SEE (P values ≤ 0.05). Compared with patients with GFR ≥ 60, dabigatran users with GFR ≥ 45–59 and GFR < 45 had a higher incidence of stroke/SEE (P ≤ 0.02), hemorrhage (P < 0.001), and both composite end points (P < 0.0001). Compared with patients with GFR ≥ 60, apixaban and edoxaban users with GFR ≥ 45–59 and GFR < 45 had a higher incidence of hemorrhage (P values ≤ 0.05) and composite end points (P values ≤ 0.05). After adjustment, compared with patients with GFR ≥ 60, warfarin users with GFR < 60 in the ARISTOTLE and RE‐LY trials had a higher risk of hemorrhage (P < 0.05), as did dabigatran (P < 0.001) and edoxaban (P ≤ 0.005) users, while apixaban users did not exhibit an increased risk (P = 0.08 GFR ≥ 45–59; P = 0.71 GFR < 45). Kidney function significantly influences the safety and efficacy of oral anticoagulants.


As a result of the conducted researches it is established that with a progressive cutting scheme, the dangerous tensile stresses in the cutting carbide plates are significantly reduced. It was found that when using a worm cutter with a progressive cutting circuit, the dangerous tension of the tensile stresses on the front surface of the carbide plates is greatly reduced. Analysis of the obtained main stresses in the cutting wedge showed that the cutting edge experiences tensile stresses on the front surface, and compression on the front surface. It is established that the cutting element of the milling cutter undergoes an alternating asymmetrical nature of loading, accumulating cyclic fatigue in the main cutting edge.


PT. EDS is a company engaged in archives management and provides technology products. Archives arrangement and digitalization project of PT. PP in 2020 conducted by PT. EDS has many disruptions due to COVID-19 pandemic such as holidays and activity restrictions. This resulted in the project implementation which was planned to be completed in the 18th week (October 2020), to be unfinished (project completion progress at 76.62%). The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of the project using the Earned Value analysis method. The data collected were project details, project planning S curves, budget plan, progress and costs project weekly reports. Then, the data is processed using the Earned Value method which is supported by Microsoft Project software to gets Status Report which is then analyzed for performance (time and cost) by describing the problems that arose during the research. The analysis result show that the actual implementation of the project is not in accordance with the project planning. The project was 5 weeks late compared to the plan, so the project costs was over budget (CPI of 0.77). The lowest CPI and SPI was in the 8 th week and 13 th week, while the highest CPI and SPI was in the 2 nd week and 1 st week. The solution to overcome similar problems in the future is to increase work effectiveness by using changing workday programs for low CPI problems and doing overtime or increasing resources such as workspace, laptop, scanner, and operator for low SPI problems.


Analysis of genotype-phenotype relationships, particularly drug effects due to genetic variation — pharmacogenomics — has greatly evolved over the past several years. Advances in genomic technologies, best defined as methods used to manipulate and analyze genomic information, have catalyzed this evolution. Before 1980, few human genes had been identified as genetic risk factors for hereditary disorders; and few links between ethnicity or inheritance and deviant drug responses to a gene were made by biochemical studies. These disorders and drug responses were mostly monogenic. Analyses of these monogenic relationships relied on the knowledge of the disease-associated or drug-associated gene located in a specific chromosomal region. With cloning of DNA in the early 1980s, molecular genetics vastly expanded the opportunity to study variations in DNA and their effects on disease and drug reactions. From about 1992 to 2002, microsatellite markers were the "hot" technology used to study these diseaseor drug-associated genes, particularly in linkage-analysis studies. In these time-consuming and costly studies, about 300 to 800 microsatellite markers were identified throughout a genomic region and studied in a single DNA sample. Between microsatellites and arrays was the five-year-long "re-sequence" era — expensive but useful for discovering single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). More recently, high-density genotyping arrays have become available for the study of genetic variation. These genome-wide technologies use in situ hybridization for SNP detection and contain anywhere from 1,000 to 500,000 SNP markers, with about one marker per five kilobase, or 5 kb. These arrays, in conjunction with the abundance of genomic-sequence information now available, have lead to a new era in biology. What will new genotyping technologies bring to pharmacogenomics, and how will this information eventually lead into the clinical arena to produce individualized drug therapy?


ABSTRACT This article explores levels of recruitment in technical services across all types of libraries from 1997 to 2016. The quantitative data for this article comes from annual Library Journal placement and salary studies. Data specific to type of position has been included in the study since 1997 with a shift in reporting type in 2015. Specific job categories in cataloging, acquisitions, collection development and information technology are extracted and analyzed to identify long term trends. This data is considered in light of core instruction requirements in information organization. The overarching question of this article is how Library and Information Science instruction in information organization and information technology aligns with real work job placement for new professionals.


This article examines the determinants of private investment in Brazil from sectorial industry data of 1996 to 2010. The series of gross fixed capital ormation, commonly used in empirical studies of aggregate investment eliminates irregular adjustments of individual production units due to the aggregation process. Using the industry's sectorial data it is possible to avoid smoothing in this aggregate series and it may help to understand aggregated investment dynamics. The results reveal the importance of the volume of available funds for investment with the complementarity between public and private investment. The results also indicate that the real high interest rates prevailing in the market did not affect the private sector's investment negatively during the considered period. The investment financing alternative from own resources and subsidized credit seems to be more important. As expected, economic instability adversely affected private investment during this period.

 Key words: Panel data, private investment, fixed effects, capital formation.


List of Tables Acknowledgements Theoretical Framework Institutional Change and Institutional Formation: The Case of Trade Unions. A Model of Trade Union Leaders' Decisions to Choose 'Voice' or 'Exit' The Soviet Legacy and State-Society Relations: The Case of Trade Unions Institutional Change under Gorbachev: Coal Miners' and Railroad Workers' Union State-Society Relations in Post-Soviet Systems: Trade Unions in Russia. Incentives and Constraints in New Union Formation State-Society Relations in Post-Soviet Systems: Trade Unions in Ukraine. Incentives and Constraints in New Union Formation Conclusion Bibliography Index


The criminal responsibility is the ability of taking criminal responsibility,not a component of criminal.If the criminal responsibility is a component of a criminal,it may be cause contradiction of the system of criminal object,and unable to achieve criminal's purpose of striking criminal and protecting human rights,and may be cause guiltiness need not punish and can't to punish guiltiness and no guiltiness no punishing.It would ravel out aforementioned contradictions if excludes the criminal responsibility from subject of crime's componens.


Does awareness of female body ideals affect women's global self-esteem? We measured awareness of ideal standards for beauty via two approaches. As one approach, participants (55 undergraduate women) self-reported their general propensity to be aware of society's thin ideal standard. As a second approach, we measured visual attention orienting to ideal standards; we covertly measured participants' eye movements to peers' purported ideal standards. Self-reported awareness predicted lower baseline self-esteem; this relationship was mediated by internalization of the thin ideal. Awareness as assessed through attention orienting to peers' ideal standards predicted decreases in global self-esteem, above the effects of self-reported awareness, internalization, and actual measures of physical fitness. Implications for awareness of ideal standards and the media's portrayal of the thin ideal are discussed.


When normal subjects listened to simulated breath sounds while breathing at their natural respiratory frequency there was a significant decrease of alveolar Pco2. The alveolar Pco2 did not fall further when these subjects listened to the simulator and breathed slowly, but when they breathed with the simulator at a very rapid frequency there was further fall of the PaCOCO2. When patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease listened to simulated breath sounds while breathing at their natural respiratory frequency there was a decrease of arterial Pco2 which fell further when the subjects breathed with the simulator at a slow respiratory rate.

breathing, effect of auditory stimuli on; breathing rate and pulmonary function on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; alveolar ventilation and auditory respiratory stimuli; respiratory frequency and ventilation

Submitted on July 12, 1963


Heat shock proteins maintain protein homeostasis and facilitate the survival of an organism under stress. Archaeal heat shock machinery usually consists of only sHsps, Hsp70, and Hsp60. Moreover, Hsp70 is absent in thermophilic and hyperthermophilic archaea. In the absence of Hsp70, how aggregating protein substrates are transferred to Hsp60 for refolding remains elusive. Here, we investigated the crosstalk in the heat shock response pathway of thermoacidophilic crenarchaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius. In the present study, we biophysically and biochemically characterized one of the small heat shock proteins, Hsp14, of S. acidocaldarius. Moreover, we investigated its ability to interact with Hsp20 and Hsp60 to facilitate the substrate proteins' folding under stress conditions. Like Hsp20, we demonstrated that the dimer is the active form of Hsp14, and it forms an oligomeric storage form at a higher temperature. More importantly, the dynamics of the Hsp14 oligomer are maintained by rapid subunit exchange between the dimeric states, and the rate of subunit exchange increases with increasing temperature. We also tested the ability of Hsp14 to form hetero‐oligomers via subunit exchange with Hsp20. We observed hetero‐oligomer formation only at higher temperatures (50 °C–70 °C). Furthermore, experiments were performed to investigate the interaction between small heat shock proteins and Hsp60. We demonstrated an enthalpy‐driven direct physical interaction between Hsp14 and Hsp60. Our results revealed that Hsp14 could transfer sHsp‐captured substrate proteins to Hsp60, which then refolds them back to their active form.


The paper reports the results of a transportation corridor study. The emphasis in the study is in transportation system management (TSM) policies although some capital intensive alternatives are also considered. The results suggest that currently popular TSM policies in U.S.A., even when augmented with capital intensive changes, have only marginal impacts on modal choices. These currently popular policies, high occupancy vehicle priority lanes, improved bus and express bus service, increased feeder bus service and so forth, appear to confer benefits to well to do suburbanites but do not improve the transportation of urban dwellers. Another interesting result is that if user costs were increased to cover the full costs of transportation the transit fares for low income people would increase ten percent and the increase for urban dwellers would be about 20 percent. Interestingly, there would be no change in bus fares for either group. However, for high income travellers and suburbanites the increase in tran...


North Carolina is facing a youth mental health crisis and there is an urgent need for alternative solutions. School-based models of delivering mental health services are associated with higher utilization and higher satisfaction compared to community-based services. Specialized Instructional Support Personnel can identify and address unmet needs and reduce barriers in access to care.


As FPGAs become ubiquitous compute platforms, existing research has focused on enabling virtualization features to facilitate finegrained FPGA sharing. We employ an overlay architecture which enables arbitrary, independent user logic to share portions of a single FPGA by dividing the FPGA into independently reconfigurable slots. We then explore scheduling possibilities to effectively time- and space-multiplex the virtualized FPGA by introducing Nimblock. The Nimblock scheduling algorithm balances application priorities and performance degradation to improve response time and reduce deadline violations. Unlike other algorithms, Nimblock explores preemption as a scheduling parameter to dynamically change resource allocations, and automatically allocates resources to enable suitable parallelism for an application without additional user input. In our exploration, we evaluate five scheduling algorithms: a baseline, three existing algorithms, and our novel Nimblock algorithm. We demonstrate system feasibility by realizing the complete system on a Xilinx ZCU106 FPGA and evaluating on a set of real-world benchmarks. In our results, we achieve up to 5.7× lower average response times when compared to a no-sharing and no-virtualization scheduling algorithm and up to 2.1× average response time improvement over competitive scheduling algorithms that support sharing within our virtualization environment. We additionally demonstrate up to 49% fewer deadline violations and up to 2.6× lower tail response times when compared to other high-performance algorithms.


Given a (directed) graph G=(V,A), a subset X of V is an interval of G provided that for any a, b\in X and x\in V-X, (a,x)\in A if and only if (b,x)\in A and (x,a)\in A if and only if (x,b)\in A. For example, \emptyset, \{x\} (x \in V) and V are intervals of G, called trivial intervals. A graph, all the intervals of which are trivial, is indecomposable; otherwise, it is decomposable. A vertex x of an indecomposable graph is critical if G-x is decomposable. In 1993, J.H. Schmerl and W.T. Trotter characterized the indecomposable graphs, all the vertices of which are critical, called critical graphs. In this article, we characterize the indecomposable graphs which admit a single non critical vertex, that we call (-1)-critical graphs.} This gives an answer to a question asked by Y. Boudabbous and P. Ille in a recent article studying the critical vertices in an indecomposable graph.


A closed-form formula, the discrepancy parameter, which has been defined as the ratio of the modal expansion coefficients between the electromagnetic field obtained from the image approximation and the incident electromagnetic field, has been proposed for the evaluation of the validity of the image approximation in the electromagnetic wave propagation, i.e., Love's equivalence principle, and the electromagnetic wave scattering, i.e., the induction equivalent and the physical equivalent, in the cylindrical geometry. The discrepancy parameter is derived through two equivalent methods, i.e., the vector potential method through the cylindrical addition theorem and the dyadic Green's function method, for both the TE and TM cylindrical harmonics. The discrepancy parameter justifies the fact that the image approximation approaches the exact solution for the cylindrical surface of infinite radius. For the narrow-band field with limited spectral component in k space, the cylindrical modal expansion of the electromagnetic wave into the TE and TM cylindrical harmonics can be separated into the forward-propagating wave that propagates forward and the back-scattered wave that is back-scattered by the PEC surface, within the image approximation. The discrepancy parameter shows that the validity of the image approximation depends on the property of the incident field and the radius of the cylindrical surface, i.e., the narrow-band field and the surface of a large radius are in favor of the image approximation, which has also been confirmed by the numerical result.


The proposed work assesses the availability of natural heat and moisture of the Moscow region, which has a direct impact on irrigation and crop yields. The results of zoning of the land Fund by the ratio of moisture with the release of natural zones on the same security with a moisture of plants and their modes of irrigation. Presents quantitative values of the long term average and probability values of total water use, irrigation norms and irrigation regimes considering their variability in space and time (at different humidity years, in three weather stations of Moscow region). Comparative analysis of all elements of the water and heat balances for meteorological stations located along the same isoline of the coefficient of moisture showed some differences between the calculated values for different weather stations. The differences are caused mainly by the unevenness of rainfall within the growing period of culture and the difference of rainfall on the territory.


An attention switching training device for infantile autism treatment comprises different types of stimulus signal generating modules, and further comprises a signal switching trigger circuit used for driving stimulus signals to be switched and an output signal switching circuit used for executing stimulus signal switching. The attention switching training device for infantile autism treatment has the advantages that the attention of a brain to the stimulus signals can be effectively drawn, and the attention point of the brain can be continuously switched between different information channels; the stimulation of attention drawing and attention switching is repeatedly conducted on a patient, so that the transmission efficacy of neural pathways is interfered and influenced through the plasticity of cranial nerves, and the attention to outside information and the capacity of attention switching of the patient are strengthened. The attention switching training device can be used for treating infantile autism.


The main aim of the present investigation was to explore the Liver shielding of Ficus benghalensis fruit extracts alongside perchloromethane persuaded toxic hepatitis in New Zealand albino rats. The ethanolic extract of the fruits of F. benghalensis (Family: Moraceae) was evaluated for Liver shielding in New Zealand Albino rats with liver mutilation persuaded by perchloromethane. F. benghalensis fruit extract unveiled a momentous Liver shielding consequence by dropping the serum concentrations of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total serum bilirubin (TSB) and malondialdehyde equivalent 500 mg/kg (oral). These biochemical explanations were accompanied by a histopathological assessment of liver segments. The liver shielding of F. benghalensis fruit extracts was comparable to that of a known Liver shielding Liv-52.


Client�s income is relatively low in percentage compared to the income. In fact, Client�s
income is mostly from business venture which is highly uncertain. Through the prepared scenarios,
the researcher prepares necessary fund which can be allocated to spare fund and preparation fund
when the income level decreases. For Client�s pension fund, the chosen investment instrument is
gold.
Investment instrument used on preparing spare fund is liquid investment instrument. Fund
allocation on scenario I with total spare fund of Rp754,747,350 will increase return of Rp
40,376,015 or 4.78% of all spare fund, while scenario 2 results increase of Rp42,733,946 or 5.09%.
I t can be inferred that scenario 2 provides higher return compared to scenario 1. The aim of
managing this spare fund is not to increase the fund, but to minimize risks faced by the client as a
result of inflation.
The growth of net worth on the next years without implementing scenarios
is Rp484,506,513, whereas with scenario 1 is Rp950,564,530 and with scenario 2 is
Rp1,208,355,480. This shows that scenario 2 provide the highest growth of net worth. Comparing
the cash flow statement for the period of 2010 to 2011, the client has Rp34,405,000 of net cash
flow. For the same period, the client will be able to have Rp571,700,810 of net cash flow after
implementing scenario 1 or Rp293,174,810 with scenario 2. Based on the calculation, scenario 1
provides the highest increase on net cash flow.


Owing to the influence of climate, cloud noise is one of the most disturbance factors in remote sensing image. Therefore, cloud detection and removal has become a very important step before using MODIS data. In this paper, the multispectral cloud detection algorithm based on spectral character and threshold is used to detect cloud, then, different methods to remove the cloud be used according to different cloud thickness in images. At the same time, in order to compensate for the defects of different removing cloud methods, the improved homomorphism filtering algorithm and replacement method are selected to remove cloud in MODIS images. Finally, it is found that the information of cloud-free is not changed and the effect of cloud removal is very obvious.


Biomass waste in China has the characteristics of large quantity, high organic content and decomposed easily, and it has caused severe pollution to the environment. However, if it can be utilized effectively, not only the pollution can be reduced, but also the energy crisis can be eased. The common technologies for utilization of the biomass waste are fermentation, biomass power generation, biomass gasification and biomass press briquetting. The biomass waste utilization technologies in China started late, and there is a large gap between China and other developed countries.


We aompare two upper bound functions: Delsarte's linear programming bound (an upper bound for the cardinality of cliques in association schemes) and Lovasz's 8-function (an upper bound for the Shannon capacity of a graph). We show that the two bounds can be treated in a unified fashion. Delsarte's linear programming bound can be generalized to a bound 8'(G) for the inde pendence number a(G) of arbitrary graphs G, such that e'(G) ~ 8(G). On the other hand, if the edge set of G is the union of some classes of a symmetric association scheme, 8(G) may be calculated by means of linear prograrm:ning. We show that for such graphs G the product 8(G)•8(G) is equal to the number of vertices of G.


Looks at change and its various guises (TWM, BPR) and how it subsequently became an excuse for job losses, which led to cynicism and antipathy. States re‐engineering has had a particularly bad press and is a heavily tainted word bringing comments such as 'the fad that forgot people!' Concludes that re‐engineering has become synonymous with downsizing but needs time to win back confidence in companies.


A 20-yr.-old practicing female homosexual was treated with a combination of behavioral techniques. The techniques employed were systematic desensitization and covert sensitization. After 30 days of treatment, the frequency of reported homosexual desires stabilized around one per day. A follow-up showed a return to homosexuality after a 4-mo. abstinence. The treatment procedures are discussed with implications for further work in this area.


Abstract : The report concerns the study of optical hazards (illusions) during visual approaches. The study was conducted primarily to develop criteria which would help to minimize the probability of accidents at certain problem airports due to illusory factors. The investigation included the psychological factors leading to the misinterpretation of visual stimuli as well as the physical conditions which constitute a proper environment for optical illusions. The topographical features, ambient lighting, visibility restrictions, manmade structures/objects, and airport/runway characteristics were assigned weighted indexes for the mathematical modeling in order to determine sites which may possess visual approach hazards. The description of the human visual system and psychology of perception are contained in the appendix, and the mathematical modeling for probability of visual hazards (illusions) is described in the main body of the report. (Author)


A s a community-based learning health system, Intermountain Healthcare (Intermountain) has advanced embedded implementation science research with a goal of driving adherence to evidence-based practice (EBP) in an increasingly value-driven environment. Two broad types of projects are emerging at Intermountain, each with meaningfully different strategies for success. The first type includes implementation projects designed to increase adherence to a new or existing EBP. The second type includes deimplementation projects designed to stop the spread or use of an existing practice that does not add value. Many times, especially in the clinical space, implementation efforts are accompanied with efforts toward de-implementation. Often, de-implementation strategies are needed to update current knowledge and clinical practice while changing attitudes about the EBP itself. Thus, in addition to variation by type, we are seeing variation in our approach to these problems across the continuum of care. While the general field of implementation science research has been around for more than 2 decades, de-implementation has only recently been recognized as an important subbranch of implementation research. This article explores the developing recognition of de-implementation methods and strategies while highlighting Intermountain's experience addressing the challenges of de-implementation across the continuum of care.


One of the most important parts in mobile robotics is the navigation of the robot trough the environment. Essential for robot navigation is the detection and avoidance of obstacles in real-time. Many solutions to this problem have been found using all sorts of sensor devices and algorithms. This article will provide an implementation to achieve obstacle detection and avoidance using the Kinect sensor. Using an offline procedure, the obstacle detection module will be provided with essential information about the environment to make it run online at low computational effort. Obstacle avoidance will be achieved by potential field navigation using the


Teachers are faced not only with standards-based instructional design daily, but with the shortage of certified school library media specialists within their districts. Information Literacy for Teaching and Learning, a graduate level course, was created, in part, to empower teachers with the knowledge, skills and abilities to embed information literacy within classroom learning experiences. In addition, the skills mastered and activities explored in this course logically transfer to research projects assigned in future graduate courses. Introduction Most children in today's PreK-12 learning environment have grown up with the Internet and a mind-boggling amount of information available to them via their computers. Even so, this does not make them computer or information literate. These are skills that students need time to learn, practice, and develop throughout all levels of their education. Unfortunately, teachers are in the position of having to learn these skills as well, since many of them did not grow up in a dynamic, electronic information age. Because being information literate does not reside in any one discipline, there is often no one particular person in the school setting to whom this responsibility should fall. Rather, these are skills that cross boundaries and therefore whether or not these competencies are part of the standards-based education system should be a concern to all educators. This is a case study that explains one attempt to provide graduate-level instruction to teacher practitioners interested in working independently or in collaboration with their school library media specialist to integrate the instruction of information literacy into their PreK-12 teaching. Review of the Literature A review of the literature reflects that at many institutions in the United States and Canada, library and information literacy instruction is embedded in the pre-service teacher preparation programs at the undergraduate level (Battle, 2007; Johnson & O'English, 2003; Naslund, Asselin, & Filipenko, 2005; O'Hanlon, 1988; Witt & Dickinson, 2003). A study of one such undergraduate approach concludes that preservice teachers are not effectively learning about school library programs and information literacy pedagogy (Asselin & Doiron, 2003). Although stand-alone courses on information literacy competencies likely exist at the graduate level, the authors were not able to identify any documented analysis of this approach in the professional literature. Rationale for Starting the Course The pre-service teacher education curriculum at Bowling Green State University (BGSU) is rigorous in an attempt to satisfy the National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE) 2008 accreditation demands and in order to prepare future teachers to incorporate a variety of academic content standards at the state and national levels into student learning experiences (Ohio, 2008). In short, there is no room in the pre-service undergraduate curriculum to offer a stand-alone course on information literacy. This is not to say that there is not a place for information literacy concepts in the undergraduate education curriculum. In fact, information literacy experiences are strategically and systematically integrated A r t i c l e s


A research program was conducted at an arid zone site where bait acceptance by feral cats was monitored at monthly intervals over a year to highlight possible differences in bait consumption over time with respect to seasonal/rainfall influences. At the same time, the abundance of prey species was monitored to enable comparison of bait uptake with season and prey availability, which would potentially indicate a broad optimum period, or periods, for baiting. Bait acceptance by feral cats across the study period was high, but increased and became more consistent from mid autumn onwards (83 – 100% over the period May 2001-January 2002). There was no significant relationship between bait uptake by cats and season/rainfall or prey abundance. To maximise the effectiveness of baiting campaigns it is suggested that the optimum time to conduct these programs is late autumn/winter. At this time, rainfall which will cause degradation of baits is less likely to occur than during the summer months, and the abundance of all prey types, in particular predator-vulnerable young mammalian prey and reptiles, is at its lowest. The consistently high bait acceptance observed here extends the possibility of predator control to the arid zone. As cats are controlled in target areas, it will be possible to return native animals to their former habitats, allowing fauna recovery programs to proceed that were previously obstructed by predation by feral cats.


An inexpensive and simple class participation demonstration uses students, short lengths of metal pipe, and an inexpensive digital voltmeter to make a battery of students. Data taken illustrate the combination of emfs in series and parallel. This apparatus was awarded second place and a low‐cost award in the 2007 AAPT Apparatus Competition.


Slides and handout for half-day preconference workshop. This 4 hour hands on interactive session introduced evidence-based practice to multi-type librarians, primarily focused on question building and critical evaluation of information. Two evaluative instruments were created for and tested during the workshop.


The measurement of laser beam far-field parameters plays an important role in the accurate assessment of the laser's transmission effect and the laser system's overall performance. A simpler and more convenient detection method for an image fusion algorithm of saturated and unsaturated double frames is proposed, based on the technology of image fusion, to measure the laser beam far-field angle. After being attenuated by the attenuating plate, the pulsed laser is focused by the objective lens to form a spot image on the charge-coupled device image plane. The spot size that has been attenuated by the attenuator can be calculated and analyzed by the mathematical modeling software MATLAB, and then the far-field divergence angle value is calculated. The experimental device and the working principle are introduced in detail, theoretical analysis of the computer data processing method is given, and the data processing results are shown in the end. Experimental results indicate that the amount of computation compared with the previous image fusion algorithm is smaller, this method can be used to measure the laser beam far-field divergence angle, the calculation speed is fast, and the measurement accuracy can be up to 2%.


Architects are master jugglers. This is most apparent in the early stages of design when they are balancing many major issues including client requirements, preliminary costs, aesthetics, community concerns, structures, environmental impacts, etc. Decisions made then have a huge impact on the performance of the building. With increased awareness of the importance of sustainable design, architects are looking for tools that evaluate analytical design choices and inform knowledgeable decisions. Simulation software has existed for decades. More recently, multi-disciplinary optimization algorithms offer potential solutions for welldefined questions, for example, what is a good trade-off between increasing window size for day-lighting that does not increase loads disproportionately? New processes that incorporate their benefits need to be developed. This paper explains about parametric and multidisciplinary optimization techniques and then outlines a design approach to utilize them in the preliminary design stage of a case study building.


Population growth, climate change, and dwindling finite resources are amongst the major challenges which are facing the planet. Requirements for food, materials, water, and energy will soon exceed capacity. Green biotechnology, fueled by recent plant synthetic biology breakthroughs, may offer solutions. This review summarizes current progress towards robust and predictable engineering of plants. I then discuss applications from the lab and field, with a focus on bioenergy, biomaterials, and medicine. Impact statement The plant synthetic biology field has exploded in the last five years, in part driven by techniques such as CRISPR and cheap DNA synthesis. This review summarizes the current state of research in plant synthetic biology, and how it is being applied to two topics: renewable fuels and chemicals, and medicine.


This study aims to examine the effect of (1) work environment and discipline on employee performance, (2) work environment on work discipline, (3) work environment on employee performance, and (4) work discipline on employee performance on CV Puspa. The research design used in this study is causal quantitative. The subjects of this research are employees at CV Puspa and the object is the work environment, work discipline and employee performance. The population in this research is 76 Puspa employees. All populations are made as observation units, therefore this study is included as population research. Data collected by questionnaire technique, then analyzed by path analysis. The results showed that, (1) work environment and discipline had a positive effect on employee performance, (2) work environment had a positive effect on work discipline, (3) work environment had a positive effect on employee performance, and (4) work discipline had a positive effect on performance employee at CV Puspa.


The use of green building materials and products promotes conservation of non-renewable resources and help reduce associated environmental impacts. This article reports the acoustical performance of a precast panel system made largely from concrete waste material. Two major applications for such panels that are being investigated currently include walls and claddings to industrial and commercial buildings and sound barriers for urban freeways. In this study, the application of the concrete panels for optimizing reverberation time (RT) in sports halls is tested using numerical simulations. As an innovative approach, additional layers are added to the precast panels to improve their appearance. The absorption coefficients of the concrete panel improved significantly with the architectural finish. The material can be tuned according to the required peak frequency. The architectural finish helped reduce the RT for frequencies above 500 Hz. Its application to different types of ceilings revealed that the RT of curved ceiling reduced up to 40% compared to flat and hybrid ceiling. A comparison of wall and ceiling modifications in small, medium and large sports halls showed that medium-sized halls have better acoustical performance compared with small and large halls with ceiling as well as wall treatment.


The distribution of the endogenous auxin-inhibiting substance, 8-epixanthatin, was determined in the lighted and shaded sides of phototropically-stimulated, de-etiolated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. cv. Taiyo) hypocotyls. From 40 min after the onset of phototropic stimulation, the growth rate at the lighted side was inhibited, whereas that at the shaded side showed no change. In the lighted side, 8-epixanthatin increased by 20 min after the onset of unilateral illumination and, after 40 min, reached a 3-fold larger concentration than that in the shaded side. Unilateral application of 8-epixanthatin suppressed the growth of etiolated hypocotyls at the applied side only, causing the hypocotyls to bend at the site of application. It is concluded that phototropic curvature in sunflower hypocotyls is caused by a lateral gradient of the auxin-inhibiting substance 8-epixanthatin.


The difference between the bank insolvency and the enterprises insolvency leads to different power structure of the insolvency participants. The results of the power conflict directly lead to the value orientation and legislation mode of the bank insolvency legal system. Correct understanding of the power and the power conflict in the bank insolvency is very important to the balance between administration power and jurisdiction. It puts forward the legal system consistent to the Chinese bank insolvency legal values.


This research article embarks on a journey to unveil the often-unexplored intersections between nonlinear dynamics and quantum mechanics. Despite limitations in space, our investigation delves into two intriguing nonlinear parallels, prompting profound inquiries for readers. Employing a "quasi-botanical mode," we catalogue instances of nonlinear behaviour, aiming to provoke thought rather than furnish definitive quantitative validation. This perspective challenges the prevailing belief that quantum mechanics is inherently distinct from nature's inclination toward nonlinearities. In this endeavour, we echo Mielnik's notion of concealed "scientific newspeak," hinting at the presence of veiled nonlinear insights.


This paper deals with the distribution of the potential and of the electric field inside and around composite insulators which are used for the suspension of high voltage overhead power transmission lines. The calculations were carried out with the 2- dimensional version of the electromagnetic analysis program OPERA which is based on the Finite Elements Method. An insulator model is simulated first by the static solver and then by the steady state ac solver and the results are compared in order to assess the accuracy of each analysis program. The main conclusion is a trade-off between simulation accuracy and computational time. Furthermore, the adequacy of the Finite Elements Method is examined by comparing the results to those derived from the analysis carried out by other researchers with the Boundary Elements Method. Some general conclusions regarding the advantages and disadvantages of these numerical methods are displayed. Finally, the influence of the surface pollution on the dielectric behaviour of the insulator is investigated.


We conducted this study to determine the relationship between salmon spawner abundance and stream biofilm and benthic macroinvertebrate abundance in Southeast Alaska. Experiments took place in outdoor artificial and natural streams. Six pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha ) carcass treatments (0.00, 1.45, 2.90, 4.35, 5.80, and 7.25 kg wet mass) placed in artificial channels were subsampled repeatedly for biofilm ash-free dry mass (AFDM), chlorophyll a, and macroinvertebrates. In a small (nonanadromous) forest stream, we sampled benthos throughout a 66-m reach 17 days after distributing 60 carcasses along the lower half of that reach. All response variables significantly increased in response to carcass additions in both artificial and natural streams. Chlorophyll a continued to increase across all loading rates, while AFDM and total macroinvertebrate densities showed no further response to loading beyond the first treatment (1.45 kg) in artificial streams. In the natural stream, AFDM and chironomid densities continued increasing across loading levels. These results indicated that increased spawner densities increased lower trophic level abundance until a trophic capacity was reached. Salmon escapement goals should consider food web effects, especially on trophic levels that support juvenile salmonids, that ultimately affect freshwater salmon production.


The purpose of this study was to prove empirically the increase in understanding of mathematical concepts through inquiry learning methods. This research is an experimental research. The population is all eighth grade students of SMP Negeri 204 Jakarta. Sampling is done by purposive sampling technique. The sample of this study was 30 students in class VIII-C who did the learning through the inquiry method as an experimental class and 30 students in class VIII-B who did the learning through the expository method as a control class. The research instrument used the concept understanding evaluation test in the form of an essay test. The results of this study indicate that there is a significant difference between the understandings of mathematical concepts of students who take learning through inquiry methods with an understanding of the mathematical concepts of students who follow learning with the expository method.