Value stream optimization is very important for lean manufacturing efforts. This paper introduces the framework for value stream optimization by combining value stream costing and cost-time profile. Value stream mapping represent very efficient tool for visualization of activities within production flow focused on activity duration with the purpose to eliminate non-value added activities. Besides shortening of lead time, cost reduction is also imperative for every company, so monitoring and control of manufacturing cost over the time can be driving force for improvement. Standard (traditional) accounting system, suitable for mass production, is focused on real cost of product calculation, how to allocate indirect manufacturing costs, excluding time dimension. Mass production era is over and new accounting systems are needed for modern manufacturing strategy, such as lean manufacturing. Lean accounting has been developed to support lean companies and avoid problems with traditional accounting system. Value stream costing is based on value stream and eliminate need for overhead allocation and calculation. Traditional accounting system is oriented to the product, but value stream costing analyze processes. On the other hand, cost-time profile is also powerful tool for visualization of cost accumulation during the time across entire production flow. © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of DAAAM International Vienna.


Subjects for the invention are to provide a light-modulating element having an elevated energy efficiency while preventing a decrease in contrast at low cost without using a display technique employing a waveguide or lightguide plate, and to provide a display element capable of producing high-quality display images and an exposure element capable of exposure treatment. In the invention, the light-modulating element comprises: a total-reflection optical member 2 having such a property that at least part of planar incident light introduced into the light-modulating element is totally reflected at an interface (total reflection plane) 22 of a layer constituted by the light-modulating element and the incident light does not substantially go out through the side opposite to the incident-light introduction side; and light-coupling elements 6 which are disposed on the total reflection plane 22 side of the total-reflection optical member 2 and serve to selectively couple with the incident light and take out the same from the total reflection plane 22.


The effect of the duty cycle of the cathode pulse on the electron energy distribution function and the plasma parameters was investigated by means of the time-resolved probe measurements in the pulsed and unbalanced magnetron discharges. The discharges were driven by the cathode pulse with the repetition frequency of 20kHz in three regulation modes of constant voltage, constant current, and constant power. As the duty cycle was reduced, the electron temperature averaged during the pulse-on period rapidly increased irrespective of the regulation mode. The comparison of the measured electron energy distribution functions shows that the increase of the electron temperature is caused by the decrease of the population of trapped low-energy electrons and the increase of the population of drifting high-energy electrons. It will be shown that these results can be explained from efficient electron heating by the high-voltage cathode sheath more deeply penetrating into the bulk with the reduction of the duty cycle ...


This paper reports results and analysis of a nanosecond pulsed discharge at a hollow cathode in the He–Ar Penning mixture as a step towards a possible interpretation of the effective mechanism of the recombination process. It has been concluded that the population of the excited states of atoms during subsequent time intervals has a recombination period. The limit of this phenomenon and future studies are discussed.


The first part of this thesis evaluates alternative less- and non-invasive methods to determine fractional flow reserve (FFR) in patients with stable chest pain. The focus is on CT-based FFR (CT-FFR) and angiography-based FFR (QFR). This thesis demonstrates that new, less- and non-invasive imaging techniques combining both anatomical and functional information have good diagnostic accuracy for demonstrating hemodynamically relevant coronary artery disease. The impact of QFR on clinical workflow and how it may lead to a reduction in invasive FFR measurements is also evaluated. Currently, there is no consensus on the optimal diagnostic pathway of patients with chest pain and the role of new diagnostic tests. The first part concludes with the trial design of the iCORONARY study in which we evaluate different diagnostic pathways.
The second part of this thesis focuses on research on antiplatelet therapies for patients undergoing cardiac interventions and the methodological challenges these studies face. In this dissertation, we evaluate the effect of adding ticagrelor on venous graft patency in a double-blind randomized trial. However, we found no beneficial effect of ticagrelor on graft occlusions. Also in this thesis, we evaluate antiplatelet therapy after TAVI in patients with and without indication for oral anticoagulants. In both patient groups, we showed that omission of clopidogrel led to reduced bleeding but not to an increase in the composite endpoint of thromboembolic events.


Climate change has become a universally recognized fact by the international community.As the microcosmic main body to implement the national climate strategy,farmers' cognition and adaptation to climate change is crucial to coping with climate change.Based on field investigation and questionnaire survey in part of Shandong Province,this paper gives an analysis of farmers' cognition and adaptation to climate change by means of SPSS to get the scores of recognition and adaptation to climate change through the assignment method.Then the paper probes into the group differences of farmers' cognition and adaptation to climate change from the aspects of gender,political affiliation,martial status,educational backgrounds,family conditions and time engaged in agricultural production.And finally,some countermeasures are put forward from the aspects of the relevance,and scoring and group difference between farmers' cognition and adaptation.


Introduction: Early and accurate diagnosis of respiratory tract infections (RTI) in critical care settings is essential for appropriate antibiotic treatment and lowering mortality. The current diagnostic methods face critical challenges, including the lack of noninvasive specimens from the site of infection and molecular biomarkers that can predict disease progression and treatment effect. In this study, we addressed these critical challenges by developing a noninvasive method based on the characterization of truncated proteoforms contained in exhaled air collected from mechanically ventilated patients. Methods: Exhaled air samples were collected from twenty-five intubated patients with RTI and twenty-two intubated patients without RTI, determined by clinical data and microbiological testing. Truncated proteoforms were identified using top-down proteomics. Feature selection algorithms were used to identify significant truncated proteoforms associated with RTI. A score system combining the significant truncated proteoforms was constructed and evaluated using multiple logistic regression to predict RTI. Results: The results showed that six truncated proteoforms of lung structure and proteolytic proteins were statistically different between intubated patients with and without RTI. Specifically, the truncated proteoforms of collagen type VI alpha three chain protein, matrix metalloproteinase 9, and putative homeodomain transcription factor 2 were found to be independently associated with RTI. A score system named TrunScore was constructed by combining the three truncated proteoforms, and the diagnostic accuracy was significantly improved compared to individual truncated proteoforms. Conclusions: In this study, we presented a noninvasive method to address the current challenges in diagnosing RTI in critical care settings, by characterizing truncated proteoforms contained in exhaled air from intubated patients. The method provides an accurate prediction for RTI in mechanically ventilated patients and can help diagnose other respiratory tract diseases.


Abstract This article reprises central aspects of John Boyd's thinking about competition and conflict, including his unwavering reliance on analogies and connections between disciplines as disparate as fighter tactics, decision theory, history, philosophy, and physics. We trace how elements of Boyd's ideas about winning and losing have been incorporated (or neglected) in the doctrines of the U.S. military services. Given the richness of Boyd's ideas there is much we can learn from the view of decision making underlying the Observation-Orientation-Decision-Action (OODA) loop, for which he is best known, as well as the analogical reasoning embodied in slide presentations such as his massive "Patterns of Conflict."


The detention facilities at the United States' Naval Station at Guantanamo Bay, 45 square miles (120 km 2 ) of land located at the south-eastern corner of the island of Cuba, gained global notoriety since the 'War on Terror' began in 2002. It is not so widely known, however, that since 1991 the base has been extensively used as an immigration detention facility for asylum seekers and refugees. This paper is concerned with the 'Migrant Operations Center' (MOC), which is the immigration detention facility operating at the base under a cloak of relative secrecy. It places the Guantanamo Base in its historical and geographic context. It shows that the very particular imperial geography of Guantanamo Bay anticipated its use as a detention facility for 'aliens'. This paper argues that it is problematic for the US to continue the decades old policy of interdicting and detaining refugees at Guantanamo, despite its alleged, though empirically unfounded, role as a deterrence mechanism for others considering a boat journey to US shores.


Southern bluefin tuna, Thunnus maccoyii, are cultured in Australia following collection of wild juveniles. Hatchery culture from egg is in the experimental stage. High early mortality has hindered the production of quality juveniles in the hatchery. This study investigated the visual capacity of T. maccoyii during early larval ontogeny in order to describe the best larval rearing conditions to produce high-quality seed stock. Functional visual ability, determined through behavioural experimentation, identified the effect of light intensity, prey density, turbidity, tank colour and turbulence on the feeding response. Larvae were visually challenged to feed under a range of conditions in short-duration (4 h) feeding experiments. Feeding performance was measured as the proportion of larvae feeding and the intensity of feeding. First-feeding performance was positively affected by increasing prey density and lower turbidities and unaffected by light intensity, tank colour, turbulence, prey size and larval density. The key findings from feeding experiments on 6 and 9 dph larvae was that as T. maccoyii aged, lower light intensities and higher prey densities significantly increased feeding performance. In addition, the study has identified that high light intensity and high air-driven turbulence induced significant mortality. The proficient first-feeding response indicated that early mortality common in culture is unlikely to be associated with a failure to initiate feeding. Our findings show the use of low light intensity has the potential to significantly improve survival and feeding response during the first two critical weeks of culture, when the major bottleneck in hatchery production is currently experienced.


AbstractPolarisation studies of pure iron in the presence of five iron sulphide minerals (mackinawite, greigite pyrrhotite, marcusite and pyrite) showed thut these compounds effected both anodic and cathodic depolarisation. Goethite, an iron source for the iron sulphides, was completely inactive in this process. Biogenic samples of greigite and mackinawite were found to be less effective depolarising agents than chemically prepared samples. This was attributed to the presence of minor phases and dead bacterial cells in these specimens.


. Indriyani CS, Handayani S, Rachmawati D. 2010. Influence of size reduction variation and fermentation time towards cyanide acid contents and phenolic compound in faba bean ( Vicia faba ) tempeh. Biofarmasi 8: 31-36 . Tempeh is fermentation product wich very known by Indonesian society and has been familiar with various western society. Tempeh can be made from various ingredient, but usually, tempeh is made from soybean. Due to the increasing soybean price, it has been found another Leguminosae to substitute soybean. One of legume was faba bean, Leguminosae, that generally contains phenol as antioxidant and cyanide acid as anti-nutrient and toxic material. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of size reduction variation and fermentation time variation of faba beans tempeh production to cyanide acid and total phenol contents. This research used a factorial experiment that arranged in a Randomized Complete Design (RCD) with two experimental factors including size reduction (chopped and sliced) and the time of fermentation (0, 30, 36, 42 and 48 hours). The result showed that cyanide acid content in fermentation of 0, 30, 36, 42 and 48 hours on faba beans tempeh by chopped seeds were 0.060 mg/g, 0.048 mg/g, 0.036 mg/g, 0 mg/g and 0 mg/g, respectively, then on faba beans tempeh by sliced seeds were 0.072 mg/g, 0.036 mg/g, 0.036 mg/g, 0 mg/g and 0 mg/g, respectively. Meanwhile, the content of total phenol on faba beans tempeh by chopped seeds were 0.014750%, 0.149900%, 0.201825%, 0.170400% and 0.234400%, while on faba beans tempeh by sliced seeds were 0.014750%, 0.152650%, 0.178300%, 0.162750% and 0.192620%, respectively. The fermentation time and the size of faba beans seeds affected on cyanide acid and total phenol contents of faba beans tempeh. The longer fermentation time of faba beans tempeh caused lower cyanide acid content and higher total phenol content. The smaller size of faba beans seeds on tempeh caused lower cyanide acid content and higher total phenol content. The lowest cyanide acid content was contained in faba beans tempeh with chopped and sliced seeds with 42 and 48 hours fermentation reached 0 mg/g. The highest total phenol content was contained in chopped faba beans tempeh with 48 hours fermentation reached 0.234400%.


Abstract—The intracellular signaling mechanism of the ischemia-stimulated glucose transporter (GLUT) translocation in the heart is not yet characterized. It has been suggested that catecholamines released during ischemia may be involved in this pathway. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the contribution of α-adrenoceptors and β-adrenoceptors to ischemia-mediated GLUT4 and GLUT1 translocation in the isolated, Langendorff-perfused rat heart. Additionally, GLUT translocation was studied in response to catecholamine stimulation with phenylephrine (Phy) and isoproterenol (Iso). The results were compared with myocardial uptake of glucose analogue [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). Subcellular analysis of GLUT4 and GLUT1 protein on plasma membrane vesicles (PM) and intracellular membrane vesicles (IM) using membrane preparation and immunoblotting revealed that α- and β-receptor agonists stimulated GLUT4 translocation from IM to PM (2.5-fold for Phy and 2.1-fold for Iso, P<0.05 versus control), which was comp...


It must surely be a part of our responsibilities to contribute towards the evolving of policies and plans of a system of education which permits the moral, mental and physical development of the community and engenders spiritual and human values.


Fumonisin B 1 (FB 1 ), a toxin produced by Fusarium verticillioides ( Fusarium moniliforme ) and other Fusarium species which grow on maize worldwide, has been documented to cause various physiological responses in animals. Thirty-nine female Wistar rats randomly assigned to three treatment groups were used to assess the effects of dietary FB 1 on nutrient utilization and growth performance. Each group received one of the three diets containing 0.20, 10.0 and 20.0 mg FB 1 /kg constituting diets 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The animals were weighed weekly and proximate chemical compositions of the diets and the faecal samples collected from the rats on each diet were determined using standard methods. Dietary FB 1 significantly (P < 0.05) influenced nutrient digestibility, feed intake, feed conversion efficiency and relative weight gain. Rats fed diets 2 and 3 had relative weight gains of 87.2 and 66.2% of the rats fed diet 1, respectively. Rats on diet 1 were about 104.5 and 160.6% more efficient in feed conversion compared to those on diets 2 and 3, respectively. Dietary exposure to FB 1 at a concentration of about 10 mg/kg or higher for a period of 35 days is a potential health risk that reduced nutrient utilization by adversely affecting proper nutrient digestion, absorption and/or metabolism, resulting in poor growth rates in Wistar rats. This study revealed that adverse effects of FB 1 on nutrient digestibility and utilization play a significant contributory role in poor growth performance usually associated with animals exposed to diets containing FB 1 . Key words: Fumonisin B 1 , growth performance, mycotoxin, nutrient digestibility, rats.


Public Culture (2011) 23 (1): 201-215. The Other Addict : Reflect ions on Colonialism and Oscar Wilde's Opium Smoke Screen, the basalt layer, despite a certain probability of collapse, is important to oscillate the dissonant Greatest Common Divisor (GCD), These moments are stopped by L. Cultural capital and educat ional at tainment , the great circle of the celest ial sphere is unchangeable. Medicinal Use of Marijuana: Is the Debate a Smoke Screen for Movement Toward Legalizat ion, heavy water is likely. Laying a smoke screen: Ambiguity and neutralizat ion as st rategic responses to int rainst itut ional complexity, the Agency Commission is hardly quantum. The Fall of the Ivory Tower: Government Funding, Corrupt ion, and the Bankrupt ing of American Higher Educat ion, a. The return of the nat ive: postcolonial smoke screen and the French postcolonial polit ics of ident ity, fujiyama produces a chord appropriately. The da ce that makes you vanish: Cultural reconstruct ion in post -genocide Indonesia, depending on the chosen method of protect ion of civil rights, synclinal synchronously is a cold st reet cynicism. Smoke Screen: Are State Shield Laws Really Protect ing Speech or Simply Providing Cover for Criminals Like the Serial Arsonist , mozzy, Sunjsse and others believed that a sense of peace amazing. American values—a smoke screen in the debate on health care reform, the publicity of data of relat ions assumes that the psychosis Gothic varies the casing. Cleaning up the Great Lakes: from cooperat ion to confrontat ion, mazel and V. Sandrine Bertaux


The development process of industrial clusters is also the process of congregation and optimization of innovation resources. This article begins with the concept of cluster and the sorts of innovation resources, and then taking the automobile parts industry cluster in Ruian as an example discusses the different congregation effects of innovation resources in the development of industrial cluster. At the same time, the article describes the process of innovation resources' flowing in the forming and development of industry clusters. Also, the article analyses the necessity of optimizing allocation of innovation resources, and puts forward the approaches for it.


The essentialist theoretical approaches assume Islamic movements, if got access to state power, will lead their respective societies to a kind of totalitarian state, a condition resulting into complete destruction of the existing social, political and cultural traditions and replacing them with new political institutions. Such an imagination of the Islamic movements is further ignited by the Islamic movements' self-portrayal as the harbingers of "total" change and "radical revolution" that is normally termed as Islamic revolution. In a political sociology setting, this research focuses on an empirical example of one of the oldest Islamic movements in the Mulsim world, the Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan—a religious political party founded in 1941 by Sayed A. A Mawdudi. Using multiple sources of information, this paper drags the discussion beyond essentialist assumptions of Stone Age and Islamists' claims of bringing about radical revolution. It does so by focusing on news content data collected from two major Pakistani newspapers published in Urdu language as well as the content analysis of 1997 electoral manifesto of the Jamaat-e-Islami. The data set consists of time period 1988-2006. However, the post 2006 developments are also added to the analysis. This research makes contribution to the existing body of academic scholarship on the subject both methodologically and substantially. Whereas most of the hitherto conducted researches deal either with the history, ideology, electoral politics or Jamaat-e-Islami's connection with global jihad. This research departs from the conventional treatment both methodologically and theoretically. Using simple descriptive statistics, this paper makes a humble attempt to measure the diverse responses of the Jamaat leaders to issues of national and global importance. It shows that how statements of its leaders and the manifesto content reflect on variety of issues that might not fit into the theoretical assumptions, stereotypical categories and textual readings by essentialists and reductionists. By bringing political practice in the analysis, the data confirms that unlike Islamophobic provocations, the mainstream political Islamists are not dragging Pakistan into a "Stone Age". Likewise, the fears of a radical revolution, if the Islamists take control of the state, have no firm grounds. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n15p507


The water management initiatives in freshwater systems focus on water availability to preserve this resource for human uses and the health of aquatic ecosystems. This work presents an assessment of the potential pollution risk caused by the metal availability in suspended sediments. The objective of this study was to determine the partitioning, association, and geochemical fractionation of metals in suspended sediments from a surface water body. Additionally, the environmental assessment for this reservoir was estimated using geoaccumulation, enrichment, and pollution indices of metals and the related potential risk by their elemental availability (RAC). Chemical, mineralogical, and morphological characterizations were obtained by inductively coupled plasma spectrometry, alpha spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, and scanning electron microscopy. Clay, quartz, montmorillonite, and calcite were the main minerals of suspended sediments. Chemical fractionation was the parameter affecting the concentrations of metals in suspended sediments. The sediment composition is of natural origin; however, these finer particles can promote the scavenging of toxic metals. It contributes to obtaining moderate to high levels for enrichment/contamination indices. Although Ca, Mg, Sr, and U were the most accessible metals for aquatic biota, Pb and Mn in the exchangeable phase of suspended sediments are the potentially toxic elements in this aquatic ecosystem.


The subject matter of the invention relates to a method for providing a pressure point for a haptic accelerator pedal of a hybrid vehicle comprising at least the steps: a) definition of at least one application (i) in which an exclusively electric drive of the vehicle is desirable, b) determining whether a d) setting a pressure point ([s3 i, F2 i]) of the haptic accelerator pedal at a position (s3 i) with an operating force present there (F2 i ) and f) operating the vehicle exclusively with electric drive, when a pedal travel (s) is less than (s3 i) until the state of charge of the electrical power source requires a connection of an internal combustion engine.


It is shown that under defined conditions gel is formed in the glycol from the glycol regeneration plants, which created significant operational problems. The results of laboratory research on the production of gels from polyethylene glycol water and water-glycol solutions as well as study of rheological properties of these gels and polyethylene glycol solutions are provided. It is shown that upon exceeding the certain shear rate value gels demonstrate abnormal rheological property (instant flow cessation).


Off-shell effects in loop quantum gravity An off-shell anomaly-free realization of the constraint algebra of quantum gravity is crucial for a consistent implementation of cosmological perturbation theory (and many other issues). This talk summarizes recent advances achieved with a large set of different models and techniques. Conclusions will be drawn for the non-existence of deterministic bounces and issues of structure formation


The first mathematically formulated hail growth theory was created by Schumann (1938), who added the heat transfer term that controls the evaporation and condensation/ deposition. He recognized, with Ludlam (1958), that growing hailstones do not always exchange sufficient heat with the environment allowing complete freezing of all the accreted water. This separation between dry and wet growth was labeled by List as the SchumanLudlam limit, SLL. The assumption was that growth occurred only by the water which was allowed to freeze thereby setting a limit on growth. This happened at a time when it was becoming evident that substantial hailstones had to grow fast, i.e. within 10 – 20 minutes.


I interviewed Celine-Marie Pascale the first time on the 14th of February 2002 in her office at College Eight on the UCSC campus. The second interview took place in the same office on the 1st of March 2002. I am a third-year psychology major. In summer 2001, I came out as a lesbian, and so I brought my experiences with queer issues and some personal struggles into the interview. Having a close relationship with a bisexual woman myself, and hearing her explain the difficulties she dealt with which I did not, sparked an interest in me to interview Celine in order to gain more insight into bisexual experiences.


The disintegration of the Soviet Union not only makes Russia great changes in the politics,economics and social life etc.,but also gives Russian population development an utmost negative influence.At the moment,Russian population problem becomes a study focus by sociologists and demographists;moreover,Russian government has already taken it serious. [


The theme of communication and loneliness is currently emerging as one of the main themes affecting everyone in the existing political, economic, social, etc. situation. The research reflects one of the most important questions of today (compared to Andrievs Niedra's texts written more than a century ago): how to communicate in the conditions of the transition period in the student environment, how to recognize, compare, solve the feelings of loneliness. The aim of the research is to describe and compare communication models and the presence of loneliness in today's student environment and in Niedra's prose. To carry out the research, various studies of different countries (Latvia, Germany, Russia, Ukraine, etc.) on loneliness in the student environment have been reviewed, as well as the analysis of Niedra's prose texts from the perspective of psychoanalytical, postcolonial, new historicism and comparative approaches has been implemented, a survey has been conducted at Liepāja University. When surveying students on the current topic, results have been collated and conclusions have been drawn in a comparative aspect, which allows us to propose a hypothesis that communication models and perceptions of existential crisis situations related to loneliness issues always repeat, but especially in times of change.


Automatic open-parachute-device is an essential device in the field of aviation life-saving technology. In this paper, on the basic of the open-parachute-device mechanism, structure of its reliability function is given. According to its reliability indicators, considering the main failure mode and combining with similar products' reliability statistical data, analysis and design of reliability indicators are processed. Successively according to the principle of "redistribution method" and the principle of "proportional distribution method" about failure rate, the reliability indicators are calculated in detail. The results showed that the reliability indicators allocation with the "proportional distribution method" is little different from the reliability indicators allocation with the "redistribution method", but the former is more in line with the requirements. This design has a guiding significance to the product production.


From the perspectives of energy conservation and global warming prevention, determined efforts have been made to achieve substantial weight reduction in a wide variety of industrial machines, such as aircraft, motor vehicles, and railway rolling stock operated on the Japanese Shinkansen as well as in household electrical appliances, construction machinery, industrial machinery, structures, etc. This has meant that such systems, in many cases have been required to operate under high stress and high loadings in a way that has caused concern over the new problem of weight reduction-induced fatigue failure. To solve this problem, R&D efforts have been successfully focused on the development of either new materials or novel surface modification techniques intended to confer high strength by contributing to the range of surface properties offered by existing materials. Shot peening is broadly classified as a surface modification technique that requires relatively simple equipment and straightforward treatment technology and may be expected to lead to good fatigue strength improvement results in virtually any circumstances. Extensively used in industry, the technique has more recently been employed for fatigue strength improvement in weight reduction situations, being particularly focused on transport machinery. Such applications are well documented. The conventional and most extensively used steel ball shot material, however, has low hardness and therefore not only has a limit on its range of applications to highhardness materials, but also requires the use of largediameter shot material to obtain sufficiently high operating energy. Further problems facing conventional steel ball shot material are the need to ensure high-speed projection, generation of residual stress, impairment of surface roughness, noise, etc. Another problem encountered in the treatment of welded joints is that a very small reinforced weld toe radius is often provided to prevent fatigue cracking. 8 When conventional steel ball shot material is used, the shot material radius may often be much larger than the reinforced weld toe radius. In such circumstances, it may often be impossible to ensure proper treatment of reinforced weld toes as fatigue crack initiation sites, and no satisfactory shot peening effect may be expected. To improve this situation, the authors have developed micro-sized (mean diameters of 150 and 100 μm) tungsten carbide high-hardness/high-specific gravity shot materials with a hardness around 1.7-fold (HV1400) and specific gravity around 1.9-fold (specific gravity of 14) greater than conventional steel ball shot material. This article describes an investigation of fatigue strength improvement of SM490A welded joints by shot peening with the newly developed shot material as well as corresponding effects on the noise level and air flow rate.


Parallel Virtual Machine (PVM) software provides a distributed computing environment in which users can run different software processes in different computers while allowing communication among the processes. It was originally developed for parallel computing, but is also has the potential to apply to the emulation and simulation of distributed multiagent systems. The objective of this paper is to apply the PVM software for emulating and simulating a distributed CIM workflow system, thereby evaluating the performance of the design factors of the CIM workflow system.


This paper looks at policy dilemmas the National Bank of Romania has faced over the years, with the analysis framed in a European and historical context. Some of these dilemmas are of an older vintage, such as how to deal with massive capital flows, how to combat high inflation when resource misallocation is a very burdensome legacy and expectations of high inflation are well entrenched. Other dilemmas are pretty new, or have got salience during the Great Recession. Romania has had to undertake a painful correction of its large macroeconomic imbalances. "Light" inflation targeting has provided leeway for mitigating the fallout from the financial crisis, although high euroization has dented its efficacy. The specter of stagnation in the Euro Area, financial deleveraging, unconventional policies which are pursued by key central banks, the ongoing reform of banking regulation and supervision, a growing shadow banking, how will the Banking Union evolve, etc, make up a very complicated European context and pose a range of big challenges for the central banks of New Member States (NMSs).


The analysis and evaluation of an actual port system containing R different
ship's kinds and N subsystems each of which consists of M.(i=1, 2,…, N) ports are
derived. The external arrivals of ships to the system come from R different Poisson sources
and the interarrivals to the queue of each port of a subsystem are determined according to
condition probabilities. Each port has multiple berths whose service times are distributed
according to Erlang probability distribution functions. Each port of a subsystem has R
infinite capacity buffers for storing ships interarrived.
 This method provides a good approximation procedure for obtaining system perfor-
mance measures such as waiting times of ships, average queue lengths, etc. Optimum port
capacity can thus be evaluated by using this analysis. A simulation is also presented to
test this approximate analysis, and a good agreement is observed. This model shall be used
in the planning of several actual port systems. Through the application of this model, it
is possible to analyze and evaluate performances of the systems.


Results for light quark masses obtained from lattice QCD simulations are compared and contrasted with other determinations. Relevance of these results to estimates of epsilon/epsilon is discussed.


According to the dynamic programming principle of optimization, it converts the renewal problem to the logistics equipment into Multi-stages decision making, and builts up a dynamic programming model for logistics equipment renewal, provides theories instruction for short-term logistics equipment renewal decision, and combines a solid example to carry on analysis in detail.


This study presents a comparative in vivo nutritional evaluation of oil-extracted marula (Sclerocarya birrea subspecies caffra) seed cake (MSC) as a protein supplement for goats fed a basal diet of mixed grass hay. MSC and commercial protein supplements (soya bean meal (SBM) and sunflower cake (SC)), were analysed for fibre (aNDFom and ADFom) and nitrogen (N) contents. SC had the highest (P 0.05) in terms of grass hay intake and its digestibility. Digestibility of OM was low in MSC supplemented goats but did not differ (P > 0.05) from SC supplemented goats. The same trend was observed with ADF digestibility which was lowest in the MSC supplemented group but did not differ (P > 0.05) from the SC supplemented group. NDF digestibility was lowest in the MSC supplemented group and differed (P 0.05) between SBM and SC supplemented goats but was lower (P 0.05) compared to all other protein supplements. Unsupplemented and SC supplemented goats were in negative N balance of -0.64 and -0.81 g/day, respectively. It was concluded that MSC is as good as SBM, but better than SC as a protein supplement for goats fed grass hay as the basal diet.


A systematic calculation for energy deposition in intermediate energy heavy-ion collisions, concerning the effects of both entrance channel dynamics and intrinsic properties of nuclei, has been carried out by means of the Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck (BUU) simulation. The limitation on excitation energy is essentially related to the dynamics of the entrance channel, while the contribution from the mean field may also be quite large and cannot be neglected.


A simple, precise and accurate RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for rapid assay of Cladribine in tablet dosage form. Isocratic elution at a flow rate of 1ml/min was employed on a symmetry Zodiac C18 (250x4.6mm, 5μm in particle size) at ambient temperature. The mobile phase consisted of Methanol: Acetonitrile: Water in the ratio of 64:22:14%, v/v/v. The UV detection wavelength was 231 nm and 20μl sample was injected. The retention time for Cladrib ine was 5.530 min. The percentage RSD for precision and accuracy of the method was found to be less than 2%. The method was validated as per the ICH guidelines. The method was successfully applied for routine analysis of Cladrib ine in tablet dosage form and bulk drug.


Replication stress is an inherent source of DNA damage that living organisms suffer throughout their lives every time a cell divides. Our laboratory has previously contributed to this field by showing that replication stress can trigger ageing in mammals, and by showing that inhibition of the replication stress reponse kinase has potential anticancer activiy. In this context, the thesis of Maria has been focused on two independent questions. The first one was, can we make a mammalian model that limits the toxicity of replication stress? The second one was, can we identify tumors that have high levels of replication stress, and therefore wil be sensitive to ATR inhibitors?


The mechanical behavior of compatible glassy polyblends based upon poly(2.6-dimethyl- 1,4-phe nylene oxide) (PPO) was investigated. In particular, the influence of composition, molecular weight, and molecular weight distribution upon the tensile modulus of the blend was assessed. Various possible correlations between the experimentally determined moduli and theory are considered. Included are correlations with density, packing density, composite theory, and lattice fluid theory. The modeling of the properties of mixtures via Simplex lattice design is also presented. Finally, attention is given to the development of compatibility criteria based upon tensile modulus and density measurements.


. In this paper, we discuss a reduced-order modeling for the Benjamin-Bona-Mahony-Burgers (BBMB) equation and its application to a distributed feedback control problem through the centroidal Voronoi tessellation (CVT). Spatial distcritization to the BBMB equation is based on the finite element method (FEM) using B-spline functions. To determine the basis elements for the approximating subspaces, we elucidate the CVT approaches to reduced-order bases with snapshots. For the purpose of comparison, a brief review of the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) is provided and some numerical experiments implemented includ-ing full-order approximation, CVT based model, and POD based model. In the end, we apply CVT reduced-order modeling technique to a feedback control problem for the BBMB equation.


Abstract Distress behaviors in dementia (DBD) are common in nursing home settings, are distressing, and result in poorer outcomes for residents and staff. We present on the implementation of STAR-VA, an interdisciplinary intervention for effective management of DBD in Veterans Health Administration (VA) nursing home settings, called Community Living Centers (CLCs). A primary focus of this symposium is the use of implementation science concepts to improve and sustain evidence-based programs through tailored implementation strategies and key partnerships. Key implementation science concepts from conceptual frameworks, including the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) and the use of organizational Knowledge Reservoirs (KR) for sustaining new clinical practices, formed the basis of this work. Their application in health care practice will be discussed using STAR-VA as an exemplar. Interdisciplinary CLC staff feedback during STAR-VA implementation and sustainment is presented, including feedback regarding barriers to integrating new program interventions into usual care processes. Mapping key implementation strategies onto reported barriers informed development of implementation tools and strategies designed to guide adaptions tailored to the needs of the residents and frontline staff, increasing the chances of successful sustainment. Finally, we highlight the importance of key leadership partnerships in implementation of evidence-based programs to improve care of residents with DBD and present strategies for developing these partnerships. Discussion will include the importance of using implementation science to implement evidence-based interventions for effective management of DBD and strategies for sustainment of these effective practices into usual care.


The kinetics of the reactions of vinyl (C2H3) and propargyl (C3H3) radicals with NO2 have been studied in direct measurements at temperatures between 220 and 340 K, using a tubular flow reactor coupled to a photoionization mass spectrometer. The vinyl and propargyl radicals have been homogeneously generated at 193 nm by the pulsed laser photolysis of methyl vinyl ketone (vinyl bromide) and propargyl chloride, respectively. Decays of radical concentrations have been monitored in time-resolved measurements to obtain the reaction rate coefficients under pseudo-first-order conditions with the amount of NO2 being in large excess over radical concentrations. The bimolecular rate coefficients of both reactions are independent of the bath gas (He or N2) and pressure within the experimental range (1−7 Torr) and are found to depend on temperature as follows:  k(C2H3 + NO2) = [(4.19 ± 0.05) × 10-11](T/300 K)-0.60 ± 0.07 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 and k(C3H3 + NO2) = [(2.55 ± 0.05) × 10-11](T/300 K)-1.06 ± 0.10 cm3 molecule-...


Objective: To observe morphological characteristics of primary SD rat hippocampal neuron with scanning electron microscopy.Methods: New born SD puppies was cultivated,with immunohistochemistry identification,and its morphological characteristics were observed with scanning electron microscopy.Results: Pimary cultivated neurons showed different shapes.Neuron body is larger,with 2 processes form it.Some cell bodies have broad bases,with p either thin processes or thick ones,and have a tight connection with around cell.Pyramid cells have 2-3 processes from cell bodies,with branches from those thicker ones.Cultivated cell mostly are pyramid cells,then spindle-shaped ones and triangle ones.Conclusion: Neurons are MAP-2 positive and scanning electron microscopy shows that cell body and process have special characteristics of neuron.


We prove the existence of a positive classical solution for the p-Laplacian equation –(r(t)ϕ(u' ))' = –λh(u) + f (t, u), t ∈ (0, 1) with Sturm-Liouville boundary conditions, where ϕ(s) = |s |p ‒2 s ; p > 1; r : [0, 1] → (0, ∞); f : (0, 1) × [0;∞) → ℝ is a Caratheodory function satisfying a superlinear condition at 0 and 1 involving the principal eigenvalue of –(r(t)ϕ(u' ))' h : (0,∞) → (0,∞) is allowed to have infinite semipositone structure at 0, and λ ≥ 0 is a small parameter.


The paper presents the results of a study on the association between the significant 24-hour changes of maximum and minimum temperatures over Bombay Airport and the changes in lower level winds prevailing over the station about 8 to 10 hours earlier during the 5-year period (1972-76).


Technological progress in Additive Manufacturing (AM) hardware, software, as well as the opening of new markets and applications has encouraged research into novel materials with functionally graded and high performance capabilities. Functionally Graded Additive Manufacturing (FGAM) is a layer-by-layer fabrication technique that gradationally varies the ratio of the material organization within a component to achieve an intended function. As research in this field has gained worldwide interest, the interpretations of the FGAM concept requires greater clarification. The objective of this paper is to present a conceptual understanding of FGAM by clarifying key terms associated with FGAM. The current stateof-the-art and capabilities of FGAM technology are reviewed alongside with current technological obstacles and limitations, followed by recommendations on possible strategies to overcome those barriers for FGAM to take off.


This study investigated how judicial decision-makers determine when overnight time away from a primary carer is appropriate for a young child. This is an area of contention within social science research, however a recent collaboration by McIntosh, Pruett and Kelly has identified some points of consensus and developed guidelines to assist determinations of overnight time. While there is evidence that decision-makers have made reference to social science within their judgment in the past this has been subject to controversy. This study aimed to investigate whether age plays a role in the assessment of whether a child should spend overnight time with the non-resident parent and whether social science research has an impact on this decision. The dataset was made up of 21 Australian interim parenting decisions regarding overnight time with the non-resident parent involving children aged less than 8 years. These decisions were divided into children aged 0-3 (n=8) and 4-7 (n=13) to establish a comparison. The results suggest that children aged 0-3 years are treated differently to children aged 4-7 years. It was found that the young age of the child was almost always mentioned in children in the 0-3 year group but not in the 4-7 age group. No direct reference was made to social science research.


A s a qualitative methodologist and cancer nurse researcher, I read a great deal of qualitative research. As with anybody of research, some of the articles I read are better than others. The qualitative research reports addressing aspects of cancer experience receive my closest scrutiny. Among them, I have favorite articles and others that concern me. Here, I focus on my concern that, with our increased use of qualitative methods, we risk scientific credibility and advancement with sometimes insufficient attention to quality. As I detail my concerns, I hope readers of Cancer Nursing will hear a call to reflection and critical evaluation on the part of researchers, reviewers, and readers alike. We must be true to the principles of qualitative methods. Qualitative research has long been viewed as the softer side of the hard business of health care research. Nursing is not alone in debating the relative merits of qualitative and quantitative methods. I am happy to report that, although we are not alone, we seem to have surfaced the issue and advanced our discussion sooner than some disciplines such as education and public health. Although the tenor and content of the debate around qualitative and quantitative methods have shifted in the past 2 decades, it persists in conversations large and small. Two forces, one of which is likely fixed and the other modifiable, maintain the qualitative-quantitative debate. We live in a world that values positivism and the power of empirical deduction. The valuing of the quantitative paradigm and the power of deduction is unlikely to change. Nonetheless, I believe reappraisal of naturalism with commensurate value placed on inductive thought and growing interest in qualitative andVmost especiallyVmixed methods increasingly tempers the long-standing dominance of quantitative methods. The reappraisal of qualitative methods and burgeoning interest in their contributions, alone and in combination with quantitative approaches, bode well for researchers who use these methods. Too often knowledge and understanding gained through qualitative methodsVin cancer nursing research and beyondVare squandered in poorly selected and executed methods. The most challenging mistakes are 3. First, generic qualitative description and other methods, as well, are presented with absent philosophical tenets and inattentive application. Second, researchers state that they use a particular methodology but fail to uphold the specific principles and practices of the method. Third, findings from qualitative projects are often written without any apparent guidance from the methodology and methods used. These mistakes echo the elements of epistemology, methodology, and method proposed by Carter and Little as a means to avoid reductionist evaluation and aim toward a balance of quality and innovation in qualitative research. We cannot squander the descriptive and interpretive power of qualitative methods as they reveal myriad aspects of cancer experience. We must be true to ourselves to fulfill our obligation to people with cancer or those who are at risk for it, their families, their communities, and our colleagues in nursing and other disciplines. Our truth is in sophisticated knowledge and meticulous application of well-defined methodologies that suit the phenomenon under study and deliver exquisitely reported qualitative methods. Descriptions revealed will inform clinicians and guide researchers in future work. Interpretations derived will direct clinicians and researchers alike in sound engagement with individuals, families, and communities. To be true to our qualitative methods is to be true to ourselves as scientists, clinicians, educators, and advocates.


DES MOINES, April 29 (AP) -Safety Commissioner Harold Holden's plan to license pinball machines here ran afoul of the state law today. Holden and other council members were informed by assistant city solicitor Sam Orebaugh that Iowa statutes do not permit such licenses. A municipal court decision last week held that pinball machines unless equipped with "pay-off' devices are legal. It was the "legal" type of machine the safety commissioner proposed to license. • Germans Are Within 35 Miles of Dombas, Railroad Junction


A high-resolution ({alpha},{alpha}{prime}) experiment has been performed in order to confirm the existence of the low-energy octupole resonance (LEOR) in {sup 208}Pb. Until now there was a puzzling discrepancy; an ({alpha},{alpha}{prime}) experiment denied the existence, while a ({ital p},{ital p}{prime}) measurement affirmed it. The present ({alpha},{alpha}{prime}) reaction with an improved resolution of 27 keV has identified clustering {ital L}=3 levels in the LEOR region'' in agreement with the former ({ital p},{ital p}{prime}) measurement. The observed strength, however, is weaker than the ({ital p},{ital p}{prime}) results, suggesting the coexistence of the isovector strength.


Significant educational ideas endure, but they also evolve over time. In the 2013s, "instructional manager" became the dominant paradigm for organization managers after researchers noticed that effective organizations usually had managers who kept a high focus on curriculum and instruction. In the first half of the 2012s, attention to instructional manager seemed to waver, displaced by discussions of organization-based management and facilitative manager.But recently instruction has surged back to the top of the manager agenda, driven by the relentless growth of standards-based accountability systems. Explicit standards of learning, coupled with heavy pressure to provide tangible evidence of success, have reaffirmed the importance of instructional manager.Nevertheless, despite general agreement that instructional manager is a critical skill, few managers and superintendents have had in-depth training for that role, especially in a standards-based environment. This Digest reviews the demands of today's instructional manager and discusses steps that universities and organization districts can take to help managers develop the necessary skills.


Objective To establish an HPLC method to determine the two principal constituent-capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin in general alkaloids of Capsaicin.Method The analysis was performed on C18 column(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm),with methanol-water(70:30) as the mobile phase.The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min and the detection wavelength was set at 280 nm.Result The linear relationships of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin were within the range of 1.955~7.820 μg(r=0.999 9) and 2.709~7.224 μg(r= 0.995 5),respectively.The average recoveries were 101.57% and 108.87%,respectively.Conclusion The method is convenient,the result is accurate and reliable,and can be used to determine the content of two principal constituent in general alkaloids of Capsaicin.


In this paper, we investigate the dynamical properties of a one-component Fermi gas with dipole–dipole interaction between particles. Using a variational function based on the Thomas–Fermi density distribution in phase space representation, the total energy is described as a function of deformation parameters in both real and momentum spaces. Various thermodynamic quantities of a uniform dipolar Fermi gas are derived, and then instability of this system is discussed. For a trapped dipolar Fermi gas, the collective oscillation frequencies are derived with the energy-weighted sum rule method. The frequencies for the monopole, quadrupole, radial and axial modes are calculated, and softening against collapse is shown as the dipolar strength approaches the critical value. Finally, we investigate the expansion dynamics of the Fermi gas and show how the dipolar interaction manifests itself in the shape of an expanded cloud.


AbstractOptimization of process parameters is an important part of any process development. Maximum efficiency of any process is achievable when it runs at optimum condition. In this paper, optimization of Reactive Black 5 adsorption on TiO2 surface was carried out. Adsorption of dye depends on many process parameters like pH, adsorbent dose, initial dye concentration, and adsorption time. In this study, adsorption efficiency has been optimized based on those process parameters. Response surface methodology has been used for optimization as it has many advantages over classical optimization methods. Box–Behnken design was employed to design the experiment. For regression analysis and ANOVA study, software MINITAB 15 was used. All factors in regression equation are not equally important. Pareto analysis has been employed to find the most influential process parameters. The analysis shows that pH is the dominating factor during dye adsorption. This study confirms that more than 98% dye removal is possible a...


This paper will chronicle the implementation of the offer of support for students to do applied research in the area of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) by the area electrical power company into a working program in which both undergraduate and graduate students have participated. The local electrical power distribution and transmission company, CenterPoint Energy, developed an interest in plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). They contacted the administration of the College of Technology at the University of Houston to ask if there was an interest in student research projects in PHEVs, and the problems associated with implementing an infrastructure to serve them. The Electrical Power Engineering Technology Program faculty was very interested in the power company proposal since this would be an opportunity for students to learn by working on real world problems. CenterPoint Energy would provide a stipend for the undergraduate students taking special problems courses in PHEV topics, which would be under the guidance of one of the authors, an Electrical Power Engineering Technology faculty member. In addition the CenterPoint Energy would provide the PHEV to study, the necessary data gathering equipment, and advertise the involvement of the College of Technology and CenterPoint in the project. The CenterPoint Representative wanted the product from undergraduate student projects to be a presentation by the students on their research projects to a group of employees of the Power Company. The graduate research activity is being supported by funding a graduate research assistant position for one of the authors who is involved in smart-grid research. The expected outcome of the graduate research component is a contribution of the student to the research results that will be disseminated in technical conferences and journal papers. The undergraduate project activity began fall semester 2008 with two students studying the cost of operation of the company hybrid and PHEV vehicles, the company had one of each, and comparing the cost with data from fleets of similarly sized conventionally fueled vehicles. Delays in obtaining equipment and the PHEV conversion resulted in a late start in the fall semester and the project continued through the spring 2009 semester. The students made their presentation to a group of power company employees with an interest in PHEVs. A graduate student studied smart grid accommodation strategies for PHEVs starting in the summer of 2009. The initial study result has been submitted to an IEEE conference. The undergraduate projects continued during the fall semester of 2009 with five students studying topics relevant to PHEVs. The program is expected to continue through the 2010 spring semester with five more students participating. The goal of the Power Company, and the Electrical Power program, is to continue the student undergraduate and graduate practical research projects of interest to the Power Company in various technical areas. P ge 15290.2 This paper will report on projects through the fall semester of 2009, and the planned projects through the spring semester of 2010. The success of the program will be decided by evaluation of the student talks by the Power Company contacts, and by student comments on the value to them of their participation in the program.


Neutron losses to Pa/sup 2//sup 3//sup 3/ in the blanket of the AHBR were computed and compared for two cases: (1) concentration of Pa/sup 2//sup 3// sup 3/ is maintained uniform by continuous mixing, and (2) batches of fertile material are shifted periodically from high- to low-flux regions of blanket. It was found that, if the fertile material is cycled through three radial positions in three days, the loss of neutrons to Pa/sup 2//sup 3//sup 3/ is no more than one per cent greater than if it is mixed continuously. (auth)


With so much attention focussed on the glamour products of film schools - the Gillian Armstrongs, Richard Lowensteins and Jane Campions - one rarely hears about the other graduates who are churned out by the score each year from institutions like Swinburne and the Australian Film and Television School. Here a non-glamorous product of Swinburne, John Nicoll, recalls his year of initiations into the strange rites of film making.


Formation of dinitrophenoxide ion from 2,4- and 2,6-dinitrochlorobenzene (2,4- and 2,6-DNCB) and OH − (OD − ) in 70:30 and 80:20 (v/v) DMSO−H 2 O (D 2 O) is accompanied by extensive 1 H NMR line broadening of unreacted substrate and exchange of arene hydrogen with D 2 O, which is quantitative at the 3-position of 2,4-DNCB. Unproductive Meisenheimer complexes are detected spectrophotometrically in the course of reaction. For reaction of 2,4-DNCB, the Meisenheimer 3-complex is formed first and then the more stable 5-complex can be detected and characterized by NMR spectrometry. There is no hydrogen exchange of Meisenheimer complexes or dinitrophenoxide ions and their 1 H NMR signals are not broadened. These results do not fit the classical mechanism of single-step nucleophilic addition, but they, and the kinetic results, are fitted by a reaction scheme involving single-electron transfer from OH − to give a charge-transfer complex of OH • and a radical anion which collapses to give Meisenheimer complexes and aryl oxide ion


The invention relates to a calibration device and a calibration method of a laser gas analysis system and the laser gas is obtained by coupling the light which is emitted by a laser by an optical fibre, wherein, the calibration device is composed of a laser (8), an optical switch (9), a standard air chamber (10) and a launch interface (11); the optical switch (9) is arranged in a main engine unit (1) of the online laser gas analysis system and is connected with the laser (8) in the main engine unit (1); the optical switch (9) is further connected with the standard air chamber (10) and the launch interface (11); standard to-be-detected gas is sealed in the standard air chamber (10); the launch interface (11) is connected with a launch unit (2) of the online laser gas analysis system. The calibration time is short by adopting the calibration method of the device, and multiple repeated calibrations can be accomplished in a minute; the calibration is programmed with no need of human intervention, and the system state can be monitored at any time; the calibration device has simple structure, and only the light path is improved without changing the structure of field installation, therefore, the current system is easy to be upgraded.


Due to the rapid growth of Internet and multimedia services, broadband fiber access technologies, such as Passive Optical Networks (PONs), come to the forefront of the research field. Network service providers mostly deploy Time Division Multiplexed (TDM)-PON everywhere in the world. In order to mitigate the future demand, researchers have investigated some next-generation PON systems, such as Wavelength Division Multiplexed (WDM)-PON and hybrid WDM/TDM-PONs. In this report, we propose the architecture of a self-restored hybrid WDM/TDM-PON. Due to the restorable capacity of the architecture, the availability of the PON system increases. Furthermore, the proposed architecture is a cost effective solution compared to the existing restorable PON architectures . Finally, we analyzed the power budget and signal quality of the proposed architecture , which proves the applicability of the proposed architecture to the access networks.


The process of elaboration of the symbolic universe leads to exciting insights regarding the search for human emotional security. The symbols end up as explanatory axes of universal reality and on them are constructed myths that form a superstructure for belief systems. Human society is a multi-level system with a material structure (society), an ideological superstructure (belief systems, values, etc.) and a super superstructure with two parts: mythical (origin and justification) and utopic (final goal). All mythical belief systems have a numinous-religious nature.


Abstract This reflective piece asks whether there is a particular Australian connection to recent discussion of an Anthropocene. Australian historians are perhaps predisposed to 'deep time'; at the very least they are more accustomed to thinking about great time-scales than historians writing from and about other national history traditions.


The school environment is a physical and non-physical situation that occurs within the purview of the school. The school atmosphere is assisting instructors in developing motivation. As a result, the purpose of this study was to prove hypotheses regarding the effect of the school environment and extrinsic motivation on teacher performance. The quantitative descriptive approach was employed in the implementation of this research. The population is 125 persons, with 30 people serving as a trial sample and 95 people serving as the study's main sample. Data was collected through questionnaires, observations, and documentation approaches. In this study, data were analyzed using inferential statistics such as simple correlation tests, multiple correlation tests, t-tests, and f-tests Ogan Komering Ilir Regency, Jejawi District. According to the findings of the study, the school environment and extrinsic motivation have an impact on the performance of State Junior High School teachers in Jejawi District, Ogan Komering Ilir Regency, both partially and concurrently.


It is system engineering to reform the mechanism of reviewing manuscripts of academic journal.It needs not only institution innovation but also correlative element system.There are some possible path choice: establishing modern concept system,studying synthetic criteria system,building diversity institution system,developing and using manpower resource,building modern technology system.


The current organizational context is characterized by the dynamics of the markets, technological advances and the need to adapt the organization to survive in the competitive environment. Thus, the dynamic characteristic, the organizational environment ends up being marked by modern management theories. However, it is possible to identify sectors and activities which are governed by principles of established theories in the past, such as the classical theory of administration. In this sense, the following research question was raised: the principles described by Fayol in classical theory of administration embodied in the past are still in effect in the current management? To answer this question the following goal was set: check if the principles described by Fayol in the classical theory of administration established in the past are in force in artisanal tannery activity Cabaceiras (PB). He was chosen this sector for its economic, social and cultural representation for Cariri region. We chose to perform an exploratory and descriptive study, with documentary research and semi-structured interviews with leather tanners and agents of support agencies. The data were analyze, using the technical of content analysis of Bardin (1977). The results indicate that the fourteen principles of Classical Management of Fayol are perfectly identified at the artisanal tanning, in the city of Cabaceiras (PB).


A multifunctional vehicle-mounted mobile phone holder is provided with a window glass breaker on a mounting seat. Under the premise of the mobile phone holder able to retain a mobile phone in a car, the mobile phone holder can be used to break the window glass of the car when there is an emergency for the driver or passenger to escape from the car. The mobile phone holder is convenient and practical. The mobile phone holder can reduce the number of car accessories and the space occupied by the car accessories due to the combination of multiple functions.


The current research assessed for dietary desiccated Yucca Schidigera (YS) addition effects on ducks productivity features as well as economical evaluation at summer time. Used 300 Domyati ducks, 26-weeksold (240 females and 60 drakes), that split to egalitarian three empirical groups at random in a completely randomized design. The first one was considered as control and consumed the basal diet; while the second and third empirical groups were consumed the basal diet after adding 150 and 300 mg YS/kg respectively, through 26-37 weeks of age. The results summarized that, ducks fed on both YS levels had superior (p < 0.001) values of egg number and mass, and feed conversion ratio as well as low feed consumed amount compared with those fed the basal diet without any addition through the entire tested period. Spermatozoa concentration and live spermatozoa (%) were (p < 0.001) elevated for drakes fed on 300 mg YS/kg diet, in addition to lower dead sperms (%) than those fed the basal diet. Females fed diet added with YS produced eggs that (p < 0.001) higher in hatching features compared to the control. Adding YS to ducks diet caused a greater haemoglobin, RBC,. Serum total cholesterol, liver ALT and AST enzymes and MDA were significantly attenuated by dietary 300 mg YS/kg. Conclusively, adding 300 mg YS / kg diet produced an advantageous effects of ducks productivity characteristics as well as economical evaluation through summer conditions.


To control the CD precisely, inorganic "Hard-Mask" which we expect one of the candidates for 45nm-node and beyond technology was evaluated. Hard-Mask which is inserted between resist and Cr layer of a photomask blank enable us to use high anisotropic etch condition. Also it enhances the resist resolution because it can avoid the interaction between resist and Cr. This time, we confirmed the benefit of Hard-Mask which could reduce the etch bias and proximity process error. Especially proximity process error was reduced down to 1/4. And resolution enhancement effect was observed. We also confirmed the blank quality such as defects, film stress, sheet resistance, optical properties and so on, and found that Hard-Mask blank would not be a showstopper for this development.


It is known that the optimal driving strategy for a train takes the form of a power-speedhold-coast-brake strategy unless the track contains steep grades. In such cases the predominant speedhold mode must be interrupted by phases of power on steep uphill sections and phases of coast on steep downhill sections. The Freightmiser device is used by Pacific National to provide on-board advice to train drivers about energy efficient driving strategies. Freightmiser uses a fast and efficient numerical algorithm to solve a key local energy minimization problem and hence find the optimal switching points. Although the numerical algorithm converges to a feasible solution there is no direct proof that the solution is unique. We explain the basic ideas behind the local energy minimization principle and use an extended perturbation analysis to derive various equivalent forms of the necessary conditions.


Introduction: Annona coriacea Mart. (araticum) is a widely distributed tree in the cerrado. Its value is attributed principally to the consumption of its fruit which possesses a large nutritive potential. The objective was to identify the chemical profile and evaluate the antimicrobial and cytoprotective activity of the hydroethanol extract of A. coriacea Mart. (HEAC) leaves against the toxicity of mercury chloride. Materials and Methods: The characterization of components was carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by microdilution method in broth with strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. For evaluation of the modulatory and cytoprotective activity of aminoglycoside antibiotics (gentamicin and amikacin) and mercury chloride (HgCl2), the substances were associated with the HEAC at subinhibitory concentrations (MIC/8). Results and Discussion: The HPLC analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids such as Luteolin (1.84%) and Quercetin (1.19%) in elevated concentrations. The HEAC presented an MIC ≥512 μg/mL and significant antagonistic action in aminoglycosides modulation, and it also showed cytoprotective activity to S. aureus (significance P< 0.0001) and E. coli(significance P< 0.05) bacteria against the mercury chloride heavy metal with significance, this action being attributed to the chelating properties of the flavonoids found in the chemical identification. Conclusions: The results acquired in this study show that the HEAC presents cytoprotective activity over the tested strains in vitro and can also present antagonistic effect when associated with aminoglycosides, reinforcing the necessity of taking caution when combining natural and pharmaceutical products.


Skin irritation from the occlusive patch test procedure is well-known. For this reason, repeated readings are recommended and Fregert (I) suggests that the first reading should take place several hours after removal of the patches. Malten et al. (2) suggest several readings, the first one 15 to 30 min after removal. To study the kinetics of the combined irritant effect of allergen, vehicle, test patches and tape, the laser Doppler technique (3-6) was used. This non-invasive method records skin blood flow (erythema) and seems to be more sensitive than the naked eye.


The interaction of CuII with deuteriated adsorbates in CuII-exchanged gallosilicate with the zeolite L channel-type structure has been investigated by EPR and electron spin echo modulation (ESEM) spectroscopies, and compared with that in CuII-exchanged K-L aluminosilicate zeolite. Similar results to those for CuK-L aluminosilicate were observed in CuK-L gallosilicate. It was found that, in the fresh hydrated material, CuII is octahedrally coordinated to six water molecules. This species is located in the main channels and rotates rapidly at room temperature. A minor CuII diaquo species seen in the aluminosilicate is not observed in the gallosilicate. Evacuation at room temperature removes three of these water molecules, leaving the CuII coordinated to three water molecules and anchored to the zeolite lattice by coordination to zeolitic oxygens in an eight-ring; the coordinated water is removed more easily in the gallosilicate than in the aluminosilicate. Upon further evacuation at increasing temperature, CuII moves from the main channel towards recessed sites. Dehydration at 400 °C produces one CuII species located in recessed sites, as evidenced by a lack of broadening of its EPR lines by oxygen. Adsorption of polar molecules such as water and alcohols causes changes in the EPR spectrum of the CuII indicating migration into the main channels where adsorbate coordination can occur. Ethene also coordinates with CuII but causes less migration. CuII forms complexes with two molecules of methanol and ethanol, and with one molecule of ethene, as evidenced by ESEM data, which is the same as for CuII in CuK-L aluminosilicate zeolite.


The present invention provides a personal hand-held monitor (PHHM) comprising a signal acquisition device for acquiring signals which can be used to derive a measurement of a parameter related to the health of the user, wherein the signal acquisition device comprises a blood photosensor having one or more photo-emitters for transmitting light to a body part of a user, one or more photo- detectors for detecting light transmitted through or scattered by the body part and two or more optical cells, at least one of which contains an analyte to be detected or which mimics the absorption spectrum of the analyte, through which the light that has been or will be transmitted through or scattered by the body part passes before it reaches the photo-detector(s), wherein the processor of the PHHM is adapted to process the signals received from the or each photo-detector to calculate the difference in intensity of light which has passed through the or each analyte cell and light which has passed through the or each non-analyte cell, to determine the pulse of the user and to correlate the signals obtained from the photosensor with the pulse of the user wherein the PHHM is adapted to apply pressure to the body part or to have pressure applied to it by the body part so that, in use, an artery in the body part changes from occluded to patent during each pulse and the processor of the PHHM is adapted to derive a measurement of the change in the luminal area of the artery during each pulse and to correlate the signals received from the blood photosensor with the pulse and the change in the luminal area of the artery to provide a measurement of the concentration of the analyte in the arterial blood.


This paper describes the history of China′s schistosomiasis control,and reviews 50 years after the founding of the PRC the work of the Schistosomiasis Control.In this paper,China′s schistosomiasis control work is divided into three phases:1950~1985 is in active preparations for the large-scale combat stage;1986~2003 is in order to explore a new path,rebound stalemate stage for the prevention;2004~2015 is a comprehensive prevention and control of fast stage.This view that cutting off the source of infection for people and livestock and cleaning up the environment is China′s work of schistosomiasis from victory to victory the only way to the final.


The present invention discloses a method for loading a replacement by tilting hinge point bearing, said machine comprising a loading gantry (1) and the boom (2), by a pin tail portion of the cantilever (3) hinged to the door frame, set the upper bearing pin (4), wherein said replacement method comprising: a first step of the boom in a horizontal position; a second step, the pushing means is provided on a gantry (5), and by the pushing means pushing the tail boom, the force to remove the pin is subjected; a third step, first remove the pin and replace the bearings, after installing the pin; and a fourth step of pushing device dismantled and removed. The present invention, by placing the cantilever in a horizontal position and by pushing the tail boom, the boom of the elimination of the biasing force applied to the pin, and then remove and replace the bearing pin, thereby reducing the difficulty of replacement of the bearing, to improve replacement efficiency, and after replacing bearings, can improve the reliability of the ship loader tilt mechanism.


A compact ultra wide band(UWB)band-pass filter was proposed using only one unit cell of composite left/right-handed(CRLH)structure.In the unit cell,the surface-to-surface coupling between metal plate and the signal line of coplanar waveguide was used to generate the series capacitance and the high impedance meander lines to pro-vide shunt inductance.A cross-coupled capacitance was introduced to create three controllable transmission-zeros.The proposed filter exhibited an insertion loss less than 1.5 dB in the UWB pass-band with a compact size.Besides,both a flat group delay in the pass-band and a steep roll-off near the pass-band were observed,and a rejection level higher than 20 dB was obtained at the stop-band from 11.95—16 GHz.


Various factors influencing the analytical residual strength prediction of a cracked, stiffened structure are discussed. The influence of flexibility of attachment on crack openings, stresses in the substructure and fasteners, and J-integral values are presented. The flexibility of a fastener is shown to have considerable influence on the elastic stress intensity factors. The J-integral values computed by assuming an elastic, Dugdaletype strip plastic zone, and Prandtl-Reuss material behavior are compared. The analytical results of crack openings and strains in the stiffeners are compared with experimental results.


Objective: To ascertain the clinical value of home non-invasive Positive Pressure(NIPPV) ventilation in patients with stable-phase chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) and type Ⅱ respiratory failure.Methods:Stable COPD patients complicated by type II respiratory failure received bi-level positive airway pressure ventilation.The frequency of acute exacerbation,admission times,admission expending,the changes of 6 minutes walk distance,St·George's respiratory questionnaire score,blood gas analysis,and pulmonary function results were compared in these patients with those received long term oxygen therapy.Results:After one year home non-invasive positive pressure ventilation,PaCO2,HCO3-and St.George's respiratory questionnaire score were decreased,while pH,PaO2 and 6-minutes walk distance were increased.Compared with patients received long term oxygen therapy,PaCO2 and St.George's respiratory questionnaire score were greatly ameliorated,and the frequency of acute exacerbation,admission times and admission expending declined.Conclusion:Home non-invasive positive pressure ventilation will do good to COPD patients with hypercapnic respiratory failure during stable phase.


This paper presents the integration process of a distribution network Active Network Management (ANM) function within an operational environment in the form of a Micro-Grid Laboratory. This enables emulation of a real power network and enables investigation into the effects of data uncertainty on an online and automatic ANM algorithm's control decisions. The algorithm implemented within the operational environment is a Power Flow Management (PFM) approach based around the Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP). This paper show the impact of increasing uncertainty, in the input data available for an ANM scheme in terms of the variation in control actions. The inclusion of a State Estimator (SE), with known tolerances is shown to improve the ANM performance.


To the Editor: —The mere substitution of the jar for the pan, especially in hospitals, would save the lives of at least 90 per cent of the 8,000 women who die annually in the United States from puerperal infection. Fowler's position—drain and contraction—was the dictum of Polak.


In this study, the authors examined the degree to which religiosity was related to marital commitment among married couples living in a highly religious but divorce prone area of the United States. They assessed whether church attendance, faith community support, and general religiosity were related to marital commitment and whether these variables buffered against the negative effects of known risks for marital distress. Results indicated that faith community support and general religiosity were significantly related to increased marital commitment among husbands and wives. Among wives, these variables buffered against the deleterious effects of low income on marital commitment. Based on these findings, the authors discuss implications for professionals who work with married couples.


This chapter examines the role of terror and atrocity as deployed in the Chevauchee in the Hundred Years War, with an emphasis on Edward the Black Prince's campaign in 1355 in Languedoc, placing actions first within the wider context of strategy in medieval warfare and then by exploring other motivations for atrocities committed against non-combatants. The term Chevauchee has come to symbolize the nature of warfare during the conflict, becoming almost synonymous with it. It is clear from Colin Richmond's paper on the Wars of the Roses, that violence engenders its own logic. The use of terror on a Chevauchee was all part of that logic: it undermined the enemy politically and economically. It provided financial incentives to the soldiers who participated in the campaign by permitting them to extract money and goods through torture. All this, the Black Prince understood and used to his advantage. Keywords:Black Prince; Chevauchee ; Edward; Hundred Years War; non-combatants; terror; torture


This paper is one of a series of case-studies on experiences of strategic alliances between the state and enterprises in training, conducted by the Training Policies and Systems Branch (POLFORM) of the ILO, in various countries of the world.


The problem of the old city house is one of the most baf$ing with which housing workers have to deal. Not only does the old house often present financial and structural difficulties which are serious enough in themselves, but it offers to those who would remove its baneful influence legal obstacles and puzzles in community psychology. The old house is an inheritance from a past generation, but unlike the easels that adorned its parlor in the days of its prime, it can not be put away in an attic and forgotten until some iconoclast discovers it and to the relief of every one casts it into the fire. It stays where it was built, obstinately immovable, for it usually remains a source of profit long after it has outlived the purpose for which it was erected.


Structure from motion or stereoscopy are used to obtain 3D from a sequence of still images. However if there is no texture or features in the images, no 3D can be obtained. Featureless environments are difficult to reconstruct in 3D using only cameras. Projected light patterns can be used to measure the shape or an object. However, scattering is the main problem in light based underwater sensors such as projectors and cameras. Collimated light such as laser minimizes this problems by focusing the light in fewer points. Ranged gated cameras can also be used with pulsed lasers to reduce even more the scattering. In this paper a new structured light laser system is evaluated to solve the scattering and featureless problems above mentioned and to perform a 3D underwater reconstruction. This system is formed by a laser projector and a camera. By means of pattern identification and triangulation, 3D can be reconstructed from a live video sequence of a featureless environment.


It is well known that vibration is induced on elastic tube wall downstream of stenosis, but the mechanism of this vibration is not understood completely. In this research, displacement of wall vibration was measured to obtain knowledge about this vibration. Two gap sensors were installed at same longitudinal position to measure the displacements of opposite side. Differentiating and adding these displacements, components of flexural and wall bending vibration were separated. By this mensurasion, peaks observed in the frequency spectrum were deduced to be each vibration. The wall bending vibration was studied into detail, and the following conclusion was derived. Forming natural mode of wave length 2, the vibration is locally induced on elastic tube wall downstream of stenosis. The peak frequency depends on both character and transmural pressure of the tube, but not on Reynolds number, severity and geometry of stenosis. So the tube character of cylindrical shell is essential to the vibration on elastic tube wall downstream of stenosis.


Uveitis is an infl ammatory process that aff ects primary the uveal tract, but may reach the retina, causing a defi cit of visual function. The disease is mainly due to the damage generated by leukocyte infi ltration which releases cytokines and other infl ammatory mediators, like arachidonic acid metabolites, reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide (NO), and superoxide anion, among others. Several evidences support that melatonin inhibits the retinal nitridergic pathway activity, decreases the synthesis of prostaglandins and is a potent antioxidant. We have developed an experimental model of uveitis in golden hamsters through the intravitreal injection of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The aim of this work was to examine the therapeutic eff ect of melatonin on endotoxin-induced uveitis. For this purpose, melatonin was administered through a subcutaneous pellet of 20μg. Clinical observation (conjuntival hyperemia, alterations of episcleral vessels, cornea, iris, crystalline and posterior segment) was analyzed by assigning a score to each of these signs (maximum: 16 points). In order to evaluate the state of the hemato-ocular barrier, the number of infi ltrating cells and protein content were assessed in aqueous humor. In addition, retinal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity was measured through the conversion of 3H-arginine to 3H-citrulline. To analyze retinal function, electroretinograms were registered in scotopic conditions. The results indicate that melatonin decreased the clinical score (LPS vs melatonin + LPS, p<0.05, Mann Whitney ́s test) and it signifi cantly reduced the concentration of proteins and the number of infi ltrating cells. Retinal NOS activity signifi cantly decreased in the presence of melatonin. In addition, the methoxyindole reverted the decrease in ERG aand b-wave amplitude induced by LPS (LPS vs melatonin + LPS, p< 0.01, Tukey ́s test). In summary, these results indicate that melatonin signifi cantly reduced clinical, biochemical, and functional alterations induced by LPS. Therefore, melatonin could be considered a new therapeutic strategy in uveitis treatment.


Comparative analysis of personal response peculiarities of clinically healthy people, who do study in different types of institutes of higher education and patients with arterial hypertension demonstrated that students of medical institutes are mostly exposed to risk of arterial hypertension development, as the model of psychosomatic pathology.


Schone Kunsten) contrived. Nor do I think that Virgil's concern for weather forecasting had anything to do with the clouds in Rubens' landscapes. In equating Rubens' "fully alive" representation of landscape with Virgil's conception of nature, Vergara does not stop to ask whether the animated character of the landscapes is different from the illusion of life present in all Rubens' work. The last chapter carries the survey of literature on rural life into the Middle Ages and Renaissance. Many of the connections made with Rubens' pictures again strike me as arbitrary. There are perceptive comments on the historical consciousness present in Rubens' Joust in the Louvre and in the Landscape with Ruins, known through Schelte a Bolswert's engraving. But the force of the central thesis runs down as the author jumps from one topic to another. Throughout the book Vergara cites the major visual sources of Rubens' landscapes. A more balanced presentation of the influence of texts might have been achieved if greater attention had been paid to lesser known but still important visual sources: for example, the work of Cornelis van Dalem, Paul Brill, Adriaen Brouwer, or Dutch landscapists of the i62o's-3o's such as Jan van Goyen, Simon de Vlieger, and Cornelis Saftleven, whose pictures Rubens owned. Rubens and the Poetics of Landscape succeeds in deepening our understanding of the meaning and historical place of Rubens' landscapes. Any further study which seeks to do full justice to these great works will take into account both the strengths and weaknesses of Vergara's book. BROWN UNIVERSITY Jeffrey M. Muller


For a G-map : X ! X, we define and characterize the Reidemeister number RG( ) of . Also, we prove that RG( ) is a G-homotopy invariance and we obtain a lower bound of RG( ).


The coercive field of soft magnetic ferromagnets is a structure-sensitive property and, in particular, is substantially affected by residual stresses. In the present study, the phase and structural states and residual stresses of the FeTiB and FeZrN films of various compositions, which were prepared by magnetron deposition on glass substrates and subsequent 1-h annealing at temperatures of 200–600 °C, were investigated by X-ray diffraction. The formation of a nanocrystalline structure is observed. It comprises different phases having different lattice parameters and unit-cell volumes and is characterized by high level of microstrains of grains as well; the microstrains predetermine the formation of high compressive stresses in the deposited films. As the annealing temperature increases, the compressive stresses decrease and, at certain temperatures, gradually transform into thermal tensile stresses, which are induced by the difference in the thermal expansion coefficients of the film and substrate. Thus, the heat treatment is the efficient way to improve the soft magnetic properties of the studied class of film materials produced by magnetron deposition.


INTRODUCTIONSuccessful clinical outcomes following unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) depend on component positioning, soft tissue balance and overall limb alignment which can be difficult to...


Neuropathic pain is associated with abnormal sensitivity of the central nervous system. Although the mechanism underlying the development of sensitization remains to be fully elucidated, recent studies have reported that neuroplastic changes in the pain circuitry may be involved in hypersensitivity associated with neuropathic pain. However, it is difficult to investigate such phenomena in existing animal pain model. Therefore, in this study, we developed a novel animal model – the circuit plasticity reconstruction (CPR) model – to mimic central sensitization associated with neuroplastic changes.


The issue of freedom and contingency as it appears in the works of Leibniz is one that has frustrated and fascinated students of Leibniz beyond measure. Since the publication of Bertrand Russell's A Critical Exposition of Leibniz's Philosophy in 1900, English-language discussions on this issue have focused on how Leibniz can have freedom and contingency as part of his "system" given the logical, metaphysical, and modal doctrines he wants to defend. These discussions usually begin with an exposition of some set of logical, metaphysical, or modal doctrines that Leibniz endorsed and proceed through a protracted attempt to reconcile the set with some notion of freedom or contingency. In addition, these discussions have often taken for granted, and in fact modelled, the popular notion, endorsed and promoted by Russell, that Leibniz begins his philosophizing with a certain set of logical or metaphysical doctrines he wishes to defend, and then proceeds to build a system around them. However, as more of Leibniz's work becomes available to us this model of Leibniz's work seems less and less accurate. It is now becoming clear that for Leibniz, as for most figures in the history of philosophy, numerous factors were responsible for leading him to the claims he endorsed. One of these factors which has received surprisingly little attention in the English-language literature on Leibniz is the role that his theological commitments played in the development of his views. In this essay I would like to look at one facet of Leibniz's theological agenda in order to show that his thoughts on this matter profoundly impacted his views on freedom. The air in the seventeenth century was surely filled with as many theological disputes of central importance as any other prior to it or since. The Reformation had taken full hold and the theological factionalism that arose in its wake left the Catholic Church with more than just Luther and his progeny to worry about. One of the central disputes which raged, not only between Catholics and Protestants, but within Catholicism and Protestantism them-


According to the characteristics of product design,it presented a design process of product innovation,integrated Quality Function Deployment and classified solving strategies of innovative problems;Discussed the method of applying QFD to identify the types of product creative problems and choose the strategies of solving the creative problems;Based on this theory,a QFD module of computer aided creative design was put forward. Finally,explained and validated the method by application of concrete examples.


-Steering Knuckle plays major role in many direction control of the vehicle it is also linked with other linkages and supports the vertical weight of the car. Therefore, it requires high precision, quality, and durability. The main objective of this work is to explore performance of the steering knuckle. This can be achieved by performing a detailed load analysis. Therefore, this study has been deal with two steps. First part of the study involves the determination of loads acting on the steering knuckle through hand calculations. Then the stress analysis will be performed using analysis software ANSYS and based on it optimization of steering knuckle will be suggested. This may also improve the depth knowledge of its function and performance in terms of durability and quality.


In criminology, the real life CSI currently faces an interesting phase, where mathematicians are entering the cold-blooded field of forensics. Geographic profiling uses existing geocoded data to predict, solve and prevent crime. In this study, we examine probability distance strategies and a Bayesian approach used to predict the residential location of a serial offender. We compare different distance decay functions used for estimating the probability density of the residential location. Additionally, we derive a Bayesian approach for predicting the next target location of the serial offender following the formulation of O'Leary [2009]. For the measure of performance, we choose the search cost ranking. The model is tested using the leave-one-out cross-validation with a small example dataset that consists of serial murder cases. Different strategies of combining the six different methods are discussed. The tests suggest that the best predictions are achieved using the Bayesian approach with exponential decay function. However, this result is not statistically significant due to the lack of test data. Team number: #8215 Page 2 of 27


Mastitis is one of the most costly diseases of dairy cows (DeGraves and Fetrow, 1993; Fetrow, 2000). The National Mastitis Council (NMC) has developed and extended udder health management programs involving strategies to both eliminate and prevent intramammary infections (IMI), as well as to monitor udder health status (National Mastitis Council, 2002). Determination of udder health status has traditionally involved the use of time-consuming laboratory tests such as bacteriological culture and somatic cell count (SCC) determination. These tests are very reliable and relatively accurate (Radostitis et al., 1994). The expenses incurred, and logistic considerations involved, render these tests inconvenient on an individual cow basis. Yet, alternative options for effective, rapid, inexpensive on-farm evaluation of udder health status have been limited. Therefore, the California Mastitis Test (CMT) was often used on-farm as a lowcost method to assess of udder health status during lactation. Recent studies have examined the sensitivity and specificity of the CMT as a means of identifying infected cows in the immediate postpartum period (Sargeant et al., 2001; Dingwell et al., 2003). Most optimal results were reported from samples taken on day 3 (Sargeant et al., 2001) and day 4 (Dingwell et al., 2003). However, in both studies, the ability of the CMT to detect intramammary infection (IMI) was marginal.


This chapter investigates speech acts in Ugandan English social letters touncover how English is being adapted to meet the cultural conventions of itsUgandan users. To this end, directive speech acts, particularly requests, will beanalysed and compared to other second language varieties of English, using acombination of Postcolonial Pragmatics theory and Contrastive Pragmatics andcorpus linguistic methods to discuss both socio-pragmatic as well as pragmalinguisticaspects.