Sex determination and sex chromosomes have been extensively studied due to their importance in evolutionary biology. Species of dioecious plants, which may have sex chromosomes, offer us unique insights into the history of this phenomenon across the Tree of Life. Here, we present Sex-chrom: a database on plant sex chromosomes (www.sexchrom.csic.es), which aims to provide an easily accessible and organized information source for scientists and a general audience interested in this field. Basic data such as complete taxonomic classification of the species, chromosome number, genome size (2C), ploidy level, sex determination mechanism, presence of homomorphic or heteromorphic sex chromosomes and their corresponding sources are easily available for 178 species of 84 genera and 65 families. Besides, the database contains specific sections for ten selected model systems in plant sex chromosome research such as Silene latifolia and Rumex acetosa. In these sections, more detailed information is also available, including data on sex-linked genes, transposable elements or tandemly repeated DNA present in sex chromosomes. Data have been extracted from 431 sources published between 1919 and 2020.


In modern times,the complexity of media identity determines its dual roles in public crisis management.Media ethics is a guarantee that ensures media organizations a positive role in public crisis management.In the preventions of public crisis incidents,the media organizations need to equip themselves with a sense of overall situation and deliver objective and accurate information in a rational way to the public so as to resolve crisis and provide warning.Meanwhile,the media should strive to build solidarity and enthusiasm among the public.


A quarter of UK SPK transplants are from Deceased Cardiac Donors(DCD), with an increasing number recovered following in-situ normothermic regional perfusion(NRP). The aim of this study was to review the UK experience of SPK transplantation following NRP in DCD.

 Data were collected on all first DCD SPKTs(n=360) performed during 2013–2021 from the UK Transplant Registry. Non-NRP DCD SPK were compared to NRP DCD SPKs. Kaplan Meier plots and cox regression analyses were performed.

 Some 198 pancreas were offered from NRP donors with 83 being retrieved. The majority of SPK grafts were from nonNRP donors n=324(90.0%) with n=36(10.0%) from NRP donors. The median cold ischaemic time (CIT) from NRP donors (9.7 hours) was significantly less than nonNRP donors (10.2 hours) (p=0.013). For all other parameters, donors were well matched. Recipients who received a graft from an NRP donor were also well matched with the recipients who received a graft from a nonNRP donor. Univariate analysis showed no statistically significant difference in one-year pancreas graft (NRP 97.2%, non-NRP 89.2%, p=0.145), kidney graft (NRP 100%, nonNRP 95.9%, p=0.221) or patient survival (NRP 100%, nonNRP 98.3%, p=0.442) despite an increasing trend in favour of NRP SPK.

 This is the largest reported analysis of NRP for SPK transplants to date. NRP has previously been shown to be beneficial for liver transplants. Despite some concerns that NRP may preferentially benefit the liver at the expense of other organs our study has shown no adverse effects. Larger studies are needed to evaluate whether NRP improves graft utilisation rates for SPK.


This five-year longitudinal study compares the lives of adolescent birth mothers, 116 of whom chose to parent and 76 of whom chose to place their first child for adoption. All of the young women were unmarried at the time of conception, gave birth during 1985-1988, and received counseling by a Northwest pregnancy counseling program. The results show that relinquishers are more likely than parenters to remain single and avoid a second childbirth throughout the five years following their first birth. The two groups differ little in educational attainment, and there are no significant group differences in the psychological measures of well-being. Although relinquishers are more likely to be employed, their earnings at the five-year follow-up do not differ from those of parenters. The authors conclude that the decision to parent or relinquish does not set the course for these young women's lives.


This paper presents in detail specialpurpose wires and cables(including optical fiber cable) for underwater vehicles. It gives a brief analysis of cable constructions and properties and predicts the future development of these wires and cables.


The importance of thermal control technique in space camera design is set forth. Factors that influence the camera's temperature field and temperature gradients are analyzed. Estimating of thermal analysis and strategy of thermal control for space camera is studied. The work of thermal analysis and thermal design in the world these years is introduced.


How have population growth and population decline played out within cities over the past 30 years? A look at how the high- and low-priced neighborhoods of cities that were large in 1980 have grown and shrunk since then.


Summary Highly purified glucosamine at dose levels as high as 20 g per day for several days did not influence the course of one patient with acute lymphocytic, one with acute histiomonocytic, one with chronic myelocytic and 2 with chronic lymphocytic leukemias.


The effects of different carbon sources,nitrogen sources,microelements on the mycelia growth of Inonotus obliquus and polysaccharide contents were studied,which showed that the optimum carbon sources of Inonotus obliquus were maltose and glucose;the nitrogen sources and microelements had no obvious effects on the mycelia growth;the mycelia in media containning maltose,Ca(NO_3)_2 or peptone,CuSO_4 or MnSO_4 had the highest polysaccharide contents.


Experiments on centimeter scale vacuum gap breakdown between plate electrodes under microsecond pulses were carried out. The images of vacuum gaps formed by plate titanium electrodes were obtained in each period of vacuum discharge by an optical diagnostic system. The images showed that the plasma formed initially on the cathode surface; the anode plasma formed in several hundred nanoseconds due to the bombardment of electron-beam; the plasma expanded along with the development of vacuum discharge, and the average horizontal and vertical velocities of the cathode plasma were about 1.8 cm/μs and 4.2 cm/μs, respectively. Based on the results, a theoretical model considering the space-charge-limited effect and the transmission line theory was established. The calculation results corresponded to the experimental counterparts. Through comparing the breakdown strengths of the vacuum gaps formed by titanium cathodes and the anodes made of titanium alloy, stainless steel and brass, respectively, experimental results showed that there was no significant difference in the initial breakdown field strength between the vacuum gaps with different anode materials and the completely breakdown field strengths of vacuum gaps showed positive correlation with the melting point and the specific heat capacity of the anode material.


In the manufacture of ethylene by high-temperature cracking of hydrocarbons, certain high-boiling materials known as pyrolysis fuel oil result as residues. Two samples of these residues produced skin carcinomas upon lifespan application to the skin of mice. Similar results have been previously reported from other carbonaceous materials subjected to high temperatures and pressures. It should be noted that these tests exposed mice to conditions different from those of working humans but do serve as warning of a possible health risk.


The DK4D code has been written to solve a set of time-dependent, axisymmetric, finite-Larmor-radius drift-kinetic equations (DKEs) for the non-Maxwellian part of the electron and ion distribution functions using the full, linearized Fokker–Planck–Landau collision operator. The plasma is assumed to be in the low- to finite-collisionality regime, as is found in the cores of modern and future magnetic confinement fusion experiments. Each DKE is formulated such that the perturbed distribution function carries no net density, parallel momentum, or kinetic energy. Rather, these quantities are contained within the background Maxwellians and would be evolved by an appropriate set of extended magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations. This formulation allows for straight-forward coupling of DK4D to existing extended MHD time evolution codes. DK4D uses a mix of implicit and explicit temporal representations and finite element and spectral spatial representations. These, along with other computational methods used, are di...


It was once believed that land rights in the Huaibei region were highly concentrated and that large ownership of land was extremely common. However, in recent years, more and more scholars have come to believe that there was no such tendency of serious land concentration in modern China. Republican-era statistics on land ownership in Huaibei are extremely rare. In contrast, the "Land and Real Estate Ownership Certificate Stubs" 土地房产所有证存根 collected by the Suixi County Archives in the early years of the People's Republic provide detailed records on the land ownership distribution in this county. Using these materials, we calculate the Gini coefficient of land ownership distribution for each village. It turns out that most of the villages had a Gini coefficient lower than 0.35, which indicates only a moderate differentiation of land occupation. It shows that large landownership did not prevail in rural Suixi. Rather, it was a world of small-scale landowners.


We report a novel methodology that combines NIR multi-distance frequency and broadband spectrometers to quantify chromophores in a turbid media by using spatially resolved algorithm. Preliminary results showed good agreement between theoretical and calculated concentrations.


Education is the basic path to create a complete person improving high thinking and analyticalskills for solving problems. Certain defects of the science education would be observed indeveloping countries minimizing the nations' strength towards the better development. Quality ofthe science education is the common fact to be considered in developing countries. Most of thedeveloping countries are following western educational systems which are unsuitable for man'sstrength in developing countries as a result of the colonization. Exam oriented teaching processesare going on without understanding and applications. Learner centered, activity based scienceeducation is unpracticed due to the compact, advanced theories and concepts. Lack of skillfulscience teachers, unavailability of proper teacher training programs and lack of resources aremajor problems in those countries. How to prepare an active based lesson to enhance learners'knowledge and skills was focused overcoming 'teacher centered' teaching process. The lesson'battery chemistry' was formulated considering above facts and applied in some Sri Lankan highschools.


The human being unreasonable activities destroyed the physical environment and caused the debris flow and serious water and soil loss occurred. It caused catastrophic damage and loss of life. It is important to protect physical environment.


The goal of this paper is to set up the order list of performance measurement factors according to the its weights. For this purpose the AHP method were implied. The research of this paper is carried out in two steps. At first step, the performance measurement factors are crystallized through review of the korean and foreign researches. In second step, the weights and order list of critical success factors of Hospital Information System were complete. The AHP method were performed in second step. The order list of all CSFs will be determined according to their weights and priorities. This order list shows which factors have the most useful influence on the performance of HIS. This result could play the role as milestone for the effective management of Hospital Information System in Korea.


The nematophagous fungus Hirsutella rhossiliensis Minter and Brady produces adhesive spores that ge rmina te direct ly through the cuticle of host nematodes (3). When juveni les o f the plant-parasi t ic nematode Criconemella xenoplax (Raski) Luc and Raski were inoculated with spores of this fungus and incubated in water, only a small pe rcen tage became infec ted (3). Nematodes that were heat stressed or heat killed, however, were invaded and colonized by the fungus in water. These results indicate that H. rhossiliensis is a parasite of nematodes under stress, but later experiments (4) showed that addition of certain solutes including K + stimulated parasitism of unstressed individuals. Furthermore, the level o f parasitism in soil extracts was positively correlated with conductivity measurements of the soil extract, which is a measure of salt content. Many reports demonstrate increases in spore germination or more rapid fungal growth in response to cations in the medium. For example, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum and Verticillium albo-atrum grew more rapidly on agar adjusted to 10 or 2 0 bars with salts than with no salt amendment or on a medium adjusted to the same osmotic potential with sucrose (5). Macroconidia and chlamydospores Fusar-


Objectives: This work investigates how different corporate social responsibility (CSR) assurance messages embedded in cause-related social media marketing influence consumers' behavioral intentions (social media brand page joining and recommendation) and affective attitudes (likability of the campaign). CSR authenticity and CSR self-serving motives are also examined. Methods: An experiment was conducted using Facebook as the setting. Three treatments had identical descriptions of cause-related marketing (i.e., donating money to a recycling program) while controlling for internal versus external assurance messages. One-way ANOVA was used to measure effects on dependent variables (social media brand page joining, recommendations, and campaign likability). Regression was used to test CSR authenticity and self-serving motives. The sample was drawn from social media users in business classes at a mid-sized U.S. university. Results: A cause-related marketing campaign with CSR assurance messages generated more positive responses for all three dependent variables than the control condition. While the externally-sourced CSR assurance message significantly promoted behavioral intentions, the internal-audit CSR assurance message significantly increased likability of the campaign and perceived CSR authenticity. Unexpectedly, multiple-regression showed that CSR authenticity only was significantly associated with all three consumers' responses. Conclusions: This study revealed that consumers are more likely to show positive behavioral intentions and affective attitudes when exposed to a cause-related social media campaign with CSR assurance messages compared to such a campaign without assurance. We can conclude that CSR assurance messages further increased positive responses from social media users toward cause-related marketing, emphasizing the importance of the post-review processes of CSR


Purpose To determine risk factors for glaucoma in a population-based study in the United States. Methods Participants age 40 and older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey underwent questionnaires, physical examination, laboratory tests, and vision tests including fundus imaging. Glaucoma was determined based on expert grading of fundus photographs. Regression modeling of glaucoma risk factors was performed. Results Participants with glaucoma (172) were older (mean age 68.1 [95% confidence interval (CI) 65.6–70.7] vs. 56.4 years [95% CI 55.6–57.2, P < 0.001]), likely to have less than high school education (25.1% vs. 18.1%, P = 0.05), to have diabetes (23.1% vs. 10.8%, P < 0.001), to have central obesity (72.5% vs. 60.7%, P = 0.01), to have systolic hypertension (30.3% vs. 20.1%, P = 0.01), to have diastolic hypotension (30.3% vs. 13.9%, P < 0.001), and to be nonsmokers (91.0% vs. 79.3%, P = 0.002). Sex, poverty, access to health care, fasting glucose, insulin dependence, body mass index, cholesterol levels, diastolic hypertension, systolic hypotension, obstructive sleep apnea, and marijuana were not associated with glaucoma. Multivariable modeling showed associations between glaucoma and older age (odds ratio [OR] 1.09 per year, 95% CI 1.04–1.14), black race (OR 4.40, 95% CI 1.71–11.30), and poverty (OR 3.39, 95% CI 1.73–6.66). Diabetes was no longer associated with glaucoma after adjustment for triglyceride levels. Sex, education, insurance status, body mass index, blood pressure, obstructive sleep apnea, and smoking were not associated with glaucoma. Conclusions People who are older, of black race, and with lower income levels have a higher prevalence of glaucoma. A novel association between diabetes, triglyceride levels, and glaucoma is also identified.


Smartwatches are increasingly popular in our daily lives. Motion gestures are a common way of interacting with smartwatches, e.g., users can make a movement in the air with their arm wearing the watch to trigger a specific command of the smartwatch. Motion gesture interaction can compensate for the small screen size of the smartwatch to some extent and enrich smartwatch-based interactions. An important aspect of motion gesture interaction lies in how to determine the start and end of a motion gesture. This paper is aimed at selecting gestures as suitable delimiters for motion gesture interaction with the smartwatch. We designed six gestures ("shaking wrist left and right," "shaking wrist up and down," "holding fist and opening," "turning wrist clockwise," "turning wrist anticlockwise," and "shaking wrist up") and conducted two experiments to compare the performance of these six gestures. Firstly, we used dynamic time warping (DTW) and feature extraction with KNN (

 K

 -nearest neighbors) to recognize these six gestures. The average recognition rate of the latter algorithm for the six gestures was higher than that of the former. And with the latter algorithm, the recognition rate for the first three of the six gestures was greater than 98%. According to experiment one, gesture 1 (shaking wrist left and right), gesture 2 (shaking wrist up and down), and gesture 3 (holding fist and opening) were selected as the candidate delimiters. In addition, we conducted a questionnaire data analysis and obtained the same conclusion. Then, we conducted the second experiment to investigate the performance of these three candidate gestures in daily scenes to obtain their misoperation rates. The misoperation rates of two candidate gestures ("shaking wrist left and right" and "shaking wrist up and down") were approximately 0, which were significantly lower than that of the third candidate gesture. Based on the above experimental results, gestures "shaking wrist left and right" and "shaking wrist up and down" are suitable as motion gesture delimiters for smartwatch interaction.


Objectives ± To measure gait and postural stability by objective methods in spastic MS patients and to evaluate the effect of baclofen on gait and postural stability. Patients and methods ± Fourteen spastic MS patients were examined in a placebo controlled double-blind, cross-over trial of oral baclofen treatment. The gait was measured on a computerized treadmill and postural stability was measured on a computer assisted force-plate. Results ± Only insigni®cant improvements in the clinical measurements during baclofen treatment were found. At baseline gait was characterized by low speed, short steps and unsteadiness. Postural stability was severely impaired. During baclofen treatment only vertical unsteadiness of gait diminished signi®cantly. Discussion ± We conclude that patients primarily with spasticity, concomitant with hampering or painful spasms and co-contractions should be offered treatment with baclofen. Only some will experience improvement of their gait disorders, when treated with baclofen. G. B. érsnes, P. S. Sùrensen, T. K. Larsen, M. Ravnborg Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark; Department of Orthopaedic surgery, Glostrup Hospital, Glostrup 2600, Denmark; Department of Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark


The interaction of commercially available allylhalogenides with potassium iodide was studied, which resulted in the formation of the corresponding allyliodides. The relative activity of the halogen allyls was determined by the method of competitive kinetics in reactions of Oand N-alkylation of phenols and amines. It is established that iodopropenes is more active than chloro. propanes in the reaction of allylphenyle esters. trans-1-Chloro-3-iodopropene in the reaction with phenol twice active than methallyl iodide, where as contrary the N-alkylation of morpholine as passive. A method for the synthesis of substituted iodomethyl-gem-dichlorocyclopropanes from the chlorides was developed.


The article considers the activities of country councils at the stage of introducing general elementary education in the Vologda province. Dynamics of elementary schools growth in districts is traced; relationship between Vologda provincial and district country councils are shown; various possibilities of districts for general education introduction are compared.


Background: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is primarily a disease of the elderly, with the majority of patients (pts) older than 65 y at diagnosis (US SEER). Historically, younger, more fit pts were eligible for aggressive chemoimmunotherapy treatments, but older age and comorbid conditions can limit options due to tolerability concerns. Ibrutinib (ibr), a first-in-class, oral, once-daily inhibitor of Bruton9s tyrosine kinase, is indicated by the US FDA for the treatment of pts with CLL/small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) and allows for treatment without chemotherapy. Results from the phase 3 RESONATE (PCYC-1112) and RESONATE-2 (PCYC-1115) trials established ibr as a standard option in relapsed/refractory (R/R) and treatment-naive (TN) CLL/SLL. This analysis examines safety and efficacy from these studies by age. Methods: RESONATE randomized 391 pts with R/R CLL/SLL to receive ibr (n=195; 420 mg once daily) until progressive disease (PD) or unacceptable toxicity or intravenous ofatumumab (n=196; 300 mg at week 1, 2000 mg weekly for 7 w and then every 4 w for 16 w). RESONATE-2 randomized TN pts aged ≥65 y to receive ibr (n=136; 420 mg once daily) until PD or chlorambucil (clb; n=133; 0.5 mg/kg to a maximum of 0.8 mg/kg) on days 1 and 15 of a 28-day cycle for up to 12 cycles. Pt data from both studies were grouped by age (ibr and comparators [comp]) and analyzed for effect of age on outcome. Results: Ibr group included 136 TN pts: 65 to Conclusions: The PFS rate for TN ibr pts was similar regardless of age subgroup, whereas it was shorter for clb-treated pts ≥75 y compared with those 65 to Disclosures Woyach:Karyopharm: Research Funding; Morphosys: Research Funding; Acerta: Research Funding. Hillmen:Pharmacyclics: Research Funding; Janssen: Honoraria, Research Funding; Roche: Honoraria, Research Funding; Gilead: Honoraria, Research Funding; Abbvie: Research Funding. Brown:Pfizer: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: travel, accommodations, expenses; Genentech: Consultancy, Honoraria; Roche: Honoraria; Infinity: Consultancy, Honoraria; Gilead: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: travel, accommodations, expenses; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: travel, accommodations, expenses; Pharmacyclics, LLC, an AbbVie Company: Consultancy, Honoraria; Sun Biopharma: Honoraria, Other: travel, accommodations, or other expenses. Coutre:Pharmacyclics, LLC, an AbbVie Company: Consultancy, Research Funding; Janssen: Consultancy, Research Funding; AbbVie: Research Funding. Barr:AbbVie: Consultancy; Pharmacyclics, LLC, an AbbVie Company: Consultancy, Research Funding. O9Brien:Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria; Pharmacyclics, LLC, an AbbVie Company: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding. Devereux:Janssen: Consultancy, Other: Travel, Accommodations, Expenses, Speakers Bureau; GSK: Consultancy; Roche: Consultancy, Other: Travel, Accommodations, Expenses ; Gilead: Consultancy, Other: Travel, Accommodations, Expenses, Speakers Bureau. Reddy:KITE: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees; celgene: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees; GILEAD: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees; INFINITY: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees. Mulligan:GSK: Consultancy, Honoraria; Gilead: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; AbbVie: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Roche: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau. Zhou:AbbVie: Equity Ownership; Pharmacyclics, LLC, an AbbVie Company: Employment. Ninomoto:AbbVie: Equity Ownership; Amgen: Equity Ownership; Pharmacyclics, LLC, an AbbVie Company: Employment. James:Pharmacyclics, LLC, an AbbVie Company: Employment; AbbVie: Equity Ownership. Burger:Janssen: Consultancy, Other: Travel, Accommodations, Expenses; Portola: Consultancy; Gilead: Research Funding; Pharmacyclics, LLC, an AbbVie Company: Research Funding; Roche: Other: Travel, Accommodations, Expenses.


The intellectual economy era of demanding creative talents replies new requirements to the university Wushu teachers in 21 century. For adapting to the higher century's demanding ,for attaching to carry on tradition and national culture, facing to the 2008 Olymtic Game's challenging, univercity, Wushu teacher must recognise his own arduous mission ,must knowledge his own qulity and then foster talents who would educate with the national demanding talents, and then live up to his obligation .


Garnet is a natural abrasive industrial mineral which produced by four producer In three countries. Garnets include igneous Rocks have formed under metamorphosed and limestone foliated . The most important of the garnet deposits of Iran is located in Koh-E-Gabri, Hamadan and Sangbast in Mashhad .In Iran Garnet is sold about 187$/t, but the range of price in other countries is approximately 160-280$/t. The information about Import and Export and determining the real price of Garnet in Iran is not avail-able definitely. According to the economical and engineer-ing evaluation accomplished on Garnets mine of Iran ,it shows that this mine with greatest Rate of Return ( IRR = 34 %) is one of the best and the most hopeful Garnets mine in Iran. the mines such as Azandrain and Sangbast in Mashahad haven't shown hopeful result Due to its nature.


The basics of article: It is argued that Italican thinker's about schooling ideas. In Prison Notebooks and Letters of Antonio Gramsci claim that the school is hegemonic. As a Marxist, Gramsci is concerned with the promotion of revolutionary social change, and his works criticized the socio-economic and political status quo. According to Gramsci school is an integral component of any social hegemony. However, paradoxically, Gramsci's prescriptions for curriculum and teaching method are essentially conservative. This paper focuses discrepancy between his revolutionary political and social theory and his conservatism with in the processes of schooling. Purpose of the article:it is point out that Antonio Gramsci's revolutionary politic and social theory by conservative between contradiction. The method of article: By reference from A. Gramsci's works, it is interpreted about his critical ideas of schooling. It is used hermeneutic method in this article


Clustering is a important study task in the Data Mining, which is applied widely on electro commerce, image disposal, pattern identify and text class In this paper, at first a compare standard is put forward in Data Mining, then clustering approaches are classified and compared based on a novel point of option, relation and transform At first clustering algorithm in Data Mining is analyzed in order to select easily research point and pertinence clustering algorithms


In this paper,the premixed flame transfer functions at different Reynold numbers, equivalence ratio and forced oscillation frequencies are measured and analyzed.The unsteady heat release rate is obtained by chemiluminescence measurement and the bulk velocity fluctuations at the outlet of the combustor are determined using two-microphone technique.Results show that the flame transfer functions demonstrate the dynamic processes from linear to non-linear region due to the increase of oscillation amplitude.The amplitude and phase of the flame transfer functions change according to the variations of the equivalence ratio,Reynold number and forced frequencies. Flame images recorded by ICCD indicate that variations of flame structures are closely related to the fluctuation of heat release rate.These results help to understand the mechanism of combustion dynamics,and develop the theory for prediction and control strategies.


The Boxer uprising in China (1900) killed quite a number of foreigners and missionaries, which induced the armies of eight Western powers to invade China and they imposed an indemnity of 400 million silver taels. The international silver price around the 1900s was slumping, and these indemnity-treaty powers (e.g. France, UK, Germany, and Belgium) strongly wished China to establish a silver monetary system that would be maintained at parity with gold. Professor Jeremiah Jenks (1856-1929) of Cornell University was mandated to establish a gold-exchange standard for China. This paper begins with Jenks's life and work and the background of his mission to China. Section 2 presents the basic principle of this reform project and its specific designs. Section 3 assesses reactions and criticisms on Jenks's proposal. Possible arbitrage activities between gold and silver are analyzed in Sections 4 in order to evaluate the sustainability of Jenks's system. We conclude that: (1) Jenks's new systemm ight have been stable in 1904-16 and 1928-30; (2) technically speaking, this was a remarkable design.


In this research work an attempt was made to reinforce AA7075 composites with B4C and SiC particles through stir casting route. SEM with EDS mapping revealed that the reinforcement were uniformly over the composites and hardness reduces with the addition of SiC particles owing to the inverse hall petch effect. The results revealed that wear rate reduces with addition of SiC particles owing to the formation of mechanically mixed layer and protective oxide layer confirmed through SEM with EDAX mapping. Three distinct cracks were formed, when slides at different temperature as confirmed through worn surface morphology, pits cracks and plasticization of material were the other features observed. The used motor oil properties were analyzed and results divulged that the oil suitable for dielectric fluid. Increase in Material Removal Rate (MRR), reduction in Tool Wear Ratio (TWR) and Surface Roughness (Ra) was observed with the incorporation of powder particles owing to the bridging effect. Black spots, craters, micro pits, globules and micro crack are the distinct observed on the machined surface topography. The modified Preference Ranking Organization METHod for Enrichment of Evaluations (PROMETHEE) optimization technique was utilized to find the optimal parametric combination.


The most common gynecologic cancers in the world are ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, and cervical cancer; these are also the most prevalent gynecologic cancers in Korea. According to the Korean Central Cancer Registry, these three types of cancer accounted for 6.7% of Korea's cancer mortality in 2017, of which cervical cancer and ovarian cancer were the eighth and ninth most common causes of death, respectively [1]. From 1999 to 2017, the cumulative total number of patients with these three types of cancer was 134,863. The incidence of ovarian cancer and endometrial cancer is increasing annually, whereas that of cervical cancer is decreasing because of the National Cervical Cancer screening program and prophylactic human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination [2]. Clinical guidelines for gynecologic cancers have been developed and published by all national groups and regularly updated based on recent evidence. In Korea, the Korean Society of Gynecologic Oncology practice guidelines are published periodically; here, we would like to introduce the latest version of these gynecologic cancer treatment guidelines briefly, along with recent findings.


We study conditions under which a point of a Riemannian surface has a neighborhood that can be parametrized by polar coordinates. The point under investigation can be a regular point or a conical singularity. We also study the regularity of these polar coordinates in relation with the regularity of the curvature.


SummaryThree growth-promoting substances occurred in developing mango fruits, two of which (A and B) were acidic and one (C) neutral. Analysis of the whole fruit, pericarp and seed showed that all three growth promoting substances were present in greatest quantity in the seed, thus indicating the seed to be the chief centre of auxin production in mango fruits. The peak period of growth-substance production in the seed corresponded to the time of rapid fruit growth; thereafter the rate of production declined gradually, although the total amount of all the three growth promoters present per fruit and per seed increased consistently until the fruits reached full size. The inability of auxins alone to induce parthenocarpy in mango fruits suggests that a complex of growth hormones such as kinins and gibberellins as well as auxins are involved in fruit development.


=Abstract = Purpose: Difficult organs or locations or inadequate tube intubations can cause complications. There are some cases in which the tube location changes or the tube is removed due to processing inside the organ while installing the stylet or rapid stylet removal. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate and develop an integrated intubation tube with stylet (IITS) for easier intubation of organs in emergency cases and reduce complications caused by the stylet. Methods: This study used a "Laerdal Airway Management Trainer". For stylet intubation, procedure No. 14 of the national practical test protocol was followed, but the removal step was omitted. In this study, each emergency case was intubated with an IITS, in which the stylet was not inserted or removed separately even though it has the function of an organ intubation stylet. Results: The existing classic ET intubation method had a success rate of 100% and had an average intubation time of 21.75 seconds, The developed IITS method was also successful in all cases and had an average intubation time of 15.78 seconds. Conclusion: Application of an IITS is expected to reduce intubation time and decrease inappropriate depth and intubation failure due to stylet removal, therefore improving the efficiency


The article deals with Greek anti-Manichaean texts like the pastoral letters of the Alexandrian bishop Theonas, the anti-Manichaean writings of Serapion of Thmuis and Didymus of Alexandria, and the so-called Acta Archelai. Those texts convey an intensive quarrel between Christians and Manichaeans between 270 and 320. Therefore the article argues that it was not an obvious topos but a reference to the actual situation when in one of his letters Arius distanced himself from the Manichaeans. Precisely this anti-Manichaean attitude turned Arius into a radical theologian of creation. He intented to preserve the unity and the transcendence of the creator, and thus in Arius' view the Son of God could only be a secondary mediator of creation, since an equal double-team of Father and Son was unthinkable for him. By pointing to a roughly simultaneous debate, the article proposes a reason for the beginning of the Arian controversy at exactly this time.


The principle,characteristics,researching devolopment and the application of the high oxidizing technique in industrial waste water treatment were reviewed.The super critical water oxidation technique and ultrasonic treatment techniques especially were introduced.The integration of the high oxidation technique and other low cost water treatment techniques is the developing trend in the future.


As for shortcomings of the comprehensive evaluation system on traditional TV programs such as single data source, ignorance of new media as well as the high time cost and difficulty of making surveys, a new evaluation of TV series is proposed in this paper, which has a perspective in cross-platform multidimensional evaluation after broadcasting. This scheme considers the data directly collected from cable television and the Internet as research objects. It's based on TOPSIS principle, after preprocessing and calculation of the data, they become primary indicators that reflect different profiles of the viewing of TV series. Then after the process of reasonable empowerment and summation by the six methods(PCA, AHP, etc.), the primary indicators form the composite indices on different channels or websites. The scheme avoids the inefficiency and difficulty of survey and marking; At the same time, it not only reflects different dimensions of viewing, but also combines TV media and new media, completing the multidimensional comprehensive evaluation of TV series on cross-platform.


RIDHO ZULFIKAR WICAKSONO. Genetic Diversity, Structure and Connectivity of Walking Shark Populations (Hemiscyllium halmahera) in the Halmahera Islands Waters. Supervised by ENDANG SUNARWATI SRIMARIANA and HAWIS MADDUPPA. The walking shark (Hemiscyllium halmahera) is one of the endemic species of bamboo sharks family (Hemiscylliidae), found in Indonesian waters. This family has strong pectoral fins that are used to crawl in between gaps, has small bodies with a maximum length of less than 1 meter and has nocturnal living pattern. Human activities has caused pollution and habitat degradation. The condition of the current shark population categorized as vulnerable. It is necessary to do a study of the genetic diversity, structure and population connectivity as an effort to develop conservation of the walking shark. This study aims to determine the genetic diversity, structure and connectivity of Hemiscyllium halmahera populations around Halmahera Islands. 32 samples were taken from five locations around Halmahera Islands. The analysis carried out in this study is genetic diversity by calculating the diversity values of haplotypes and nucleotide diversity, AMOVA statistical calculations by looking at FST values, and structural analysis and population connectivity. The highest genetic diversity values were found in the Loleo population with a value of 0.6667 and the lowest genetic diversity in Tidore and Ternate with a value of 0. The highest genetic distance value between Loleo and Guraici with a value of 0.0034 and the lowest genetic distance between Tidore and Ternate with a value of 0. The results of AMOVA analysis with FST values of 0.1205 indicate that the population structure between the five locations does not have a significant difference. Population connectivity shows 2 mixed haplotypes and 2 singletons haplotypes.


Alterations in chromosome structure play critical roles in the control of gene transcription. These "epigenetic" alterations include modification of histones and other proteins by acetylation and/or phosphorylation. Normally, these modifications are balanced finely and are highly reversible in normal tissues, but they may be imbalanced and heritable in tumor cells. Histone deacetylase inhibitors increase histone acetylation, thereby modulating the expression of a subset of genes in a coordinated fashion. Several tumor suppressor genes associated with the malignant phenotype are repressed by epigenetic mechanisms in sporadic cancers. Thus, therapy with histone deacetylase inhibitors may alter tumor phenotype to inhibit growth in such tumors.


The CLIC study of a hig h energy (0.5 5 TeV), high luminosity (10 10 cm sec) e± linear collider is presented . Beam acceleration using high frequency (30 GHz) normal-conductin g structures operating at high accelerating fields (100 to 200 MV/m) significantly reduces the length and, in consequence, the cost of the linac. Based on new beam and linac parameters derived from a recently developed set of general scalin g laws for linear colliders, the beam stability is shown to be similar to lower frequency designs in spite of the strong wakefield dependency on frequency. A new cost-effective and efficient drive beam generation scheme fo r RF power production by the so-called "Two Bea m Acceleration (TBA)" method is described. It uses a thermioni c gun and a fully-loaded normal-conducting linac operatin g at low frequency (937 MHz) to generat e and accelerat e the drive beam bunches, and RF multiplication by funnelling in compressor rings to produce the desired bunc h structure. Recent 30 GHz hardware developments and result s from the CLIC Test Facility (CTF), assessing the feasibility of the scheme, are described.


Random ordinary differential equations (RODEs) are important differential equations that contain a stochastic process in their vector field functions. Examples of such stochastic processes are Brownian motion (i.e., Wiener process) and fractional Brownian motion. Taking a path from the stochastic process, these equations can be considered as ordinary differential equations, but numerical schemes for solving ordinary differential equations don't necessarily preserve their convergence order for these equations. In this paper, an implicit ϑ‐averaged scheme for numerical solution of RODEs is introduced. The proposed method involves averaging the noise inside the vector field and leads to integrals of the noise over discretization subintervals. Pathwise convergence and B‐stability of the above scheme are proved. Eventually, the desired averaged scheme is implemented on a medical model.


Yugoslavias would-be system-builders failed three times over to build a workable system. The underlying problem was their failure to resolve the problem of legitimacy. In the 1980s, economic deterioration pushed people to despair and, under the pressure of Serbias ambitious political establishment, the country broke up along ethnic fault lines. This volume, now in its fourth expanded edition, tells the story of socialist Yugoslavias troubles and the challenges facing its successor states from May 1980 to July 2001.. }The fourth edition of this critically acclaimed work includes a new chapter, a new epilogue, and revisions throughout the book. Sabrina Ramet, a veteran observer of the Yugoslav scene, traces the steady deterioration of Yugoslavias political and social fabric in the years since 1980, arguing that, while the federal system and multiethnic fabric laid down fault lines, the final crisis was sown in the failure to resolve the legitimacy question, triggered by economic deterioration, and pushed forward toward war by Serbian politicians bent on powereither within a centralized Yugoslavia or within an ethnically cleansed Greater Serbia. With her detailed knowledge of the area and extensive fieldwork, Ramet paints a strikingly original picture of Yugoslavias demise and the emergence of the Yugoslav successor states. }


A 63-year-old Kenyan Asian man began haemodialysis involvement, the risk of secondary infection leading to either line sepsis or peritonitis, and the difficulties in in April 1997. He initially presented in 1988 dialysis dependent with an ANCA-associated systemic vasculperforming surgical procedures through involved skin. Koebner's phenomenon (the recurrence of skin lesions itis, and was treated with plasmapheresis, prednisolone and azathioprine. His renal function initially recovered at sites of trauma or scars) is a common finding in severe plaque psoriasis and has been reported to occur (creatinine 200 mmol/l ), but over the next decade he had slowly progressive renal failure. He had suffered at Tenkhoff exit sites, and along Tenkhoff insertion scars [4], but not at the needling sites of fistulae. from extensive plaque psoriasis for 25 years, and had three hospital admissions during this time for treatment Interestingly acupuncture has been known to initiate plaque formation in psoriasis [6 ]. The aetiopathology of his psoriasis. Previous treatments included dithranol, crude coal tar, PUVA and acitretin, in addition to of the Koebner reaction is poorly understood, but recruitment of CD4+ T lymphocytes into sites of injury standard topical regimens. Haemodialysis was instituted in April 1997 via an occurs early in the development of the reaction, and is associated with the upregulation of ICAM-1 on epiinternal jugular permacath. At this time he had extensive plaque psoriasis covering his torso, arms, legs and dermal keratinocytes [7]. The development of psoriatic plaques themselves correlates with the subsequent invascalp. Within 1 week of starting dialysis he developed new psoriatic lesions over his permacath exit site, sion of CD8+ lymphocytes [8]. Our patient developed Koebner's reaction at fistula which did not compromise the use of the catheter. Two months later he was admitted to hospital for inneedling sites despite systemic treatment for his psoriasis with cyclosporin, and had not shown an improvepatient treatment of worsening erythrodermic psoriasis, with soft paraffin, aqueous cream, betnovate, ment in his psoriasis after starting dialysis. diprosalic ointment, trimovate, polytar, emulsifying ointment and occlusion therapy, and was begun on oral cyclosporin at 3 mg/kg/day. His psoriasis References improved and subsequently he began dialysing through a forearm arteriovenous fistula. After three dialysis 1. Bargman JM. Nonuremic indications for peritoneal dialysis. Perit Dial Int 1993; 13 [Suppl 2]: S159–164 sessions he developed large psoriatic plaques over the 2. Nissenson AR, Rapaport M, Gordon A, Narins RG. needling sites along his fistula (Koebner's phenomHemodialysis in the treatment of psoriasis. A controlled trial. enon, Figure 1), making further use of the fistula Ann Intern Med 1979; 91: 218–220 impossible. The Koebner reaction subsided after sev3. Sobh MA, Abdel-Rasik MM, Moustafa FE et al. Dialysis therapy of severe psoriasis: a random study of forty cases. Nephrol Dial eral weeks. He continues to dialyse through a permaTransplant 1987; 2: 351–358 cath and his psoriasis remains difficult to control. 4. Twardowski ZJ, Lempert KD, Lankhorst BJ et al. Continuous Both haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis have been ambulatory peritoneal dialysis for psoriasis. A report of four used to treat extensive psoriasis even in patients withcases. Arch Intern Med 1986; 146: 1177–1179 5. Whittier FC, Evans DH, Anderson PC, Nolph KD. Peritoneal out renal failure [1]. A number of small controlled dialysis for psoriasis: a controlled study. Ann Intern Med 1983; studies including sham haemodialysis or sham periton99: 165–168 eal dialysis have been conducted, with mixed results 6. Kirschbaum JO. Koebner phenomenon following acupuncture. [2–5]. In patients with renal failure, psoriasis can Arch Dermatol 1972; 106: 767 hinder the delivery of effective renal replacement 7. Paukkonen K, Naukkarinen A, Horsmanheimo M. The development of manifest psoriatic lesions is linked with the appearance therapy of any modality because of the degree of skin of ICAM-1 positivity on keratinocytes. Arch Dermatol Res 1995; 287: 165–170 8. Paukkonen K, Naukkarinen A, Horsmanheimo M. The development of manifest psoriatic lesions is linked with the invasion of Correspondence and offprint requests to: Renal Section, Division of Medicine, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith CD8+ T cells and CD11c+ macrophages into the epidermis. Arch Dermatol Res 1992; 284: 375–379 Hospital, Ducane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.


We report herein the development of a highly sensitive colorimetric method for the detection of 4-hydroxy-2-mercapto-6-methylpyrimidine (MTU) which acts as an anti-thyroid drug utilizing citrate capped gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs). This thiol-containing molecule exhibits intriguing affinity with Au-NPs. The reactivity involves the displacement of the citrate shell by the thiolate shell followed by intermolecular electrostatic interactions or hydrogen-bonding between the thiolate shells. The interparticle interactions depend on ionic strength, pH and Au-NPs concentration of the solution. The interparticle interactions lead to a small change in the plasmon band around 521 nm and the formation of a new red shifted band. The calibration curve is derived from the ratio of the absorption intensity changes at 650 nm to the changes at 520 nm. It was linear in the concentration range of 5.0 × 10 -7 -2.75 × 10 -6 M. The detection limit (3σ) for MTU was found to be 1.9 × 10 -7 M.


Automotive front lighting is evolving towards digital and adaptive high definition beams. To create such functions, multiple LED designs are replaced with new LED concepts using only one high luminance LED. Light concentration emitted from this optoelectronic component generates a high density of energy which must be thermally managed. Indeed, optical performance and reliability of components are directly linked to the LED temperature. Thus, to optimize cooling system, accurate and efficient numerical models must be developed. The validation of these models are based on comparison with experimental data. In this paper, an infrared camera was used to measure quantitatively the temperature of a high luminance LED emitting area and was then compared to 3D thermal simulations.


Two NASA astronauts splashed down safely in the Gulf of Mexico Sunday for the first time in a commercially built and operated American crew spacecraft, returning from the International Space Station to complete a test flight that marks a new era in human spaceflight.


The linear arithmetic solver in Yices was specifically designed for SMT provers, providing fast support for operations like adding and deleting constraints. We give a procedure for developing interpolants based on the results of the Yices arithmetic solver. For inequalities over real numbers, the interpolant is computed directly from the one contradictory equation and associated bounds. For integer inequalities, a formula is computed from the contradictory equation, the bounds, and the Gomory cuts. The formula is not exactly an interpolant because it may contain local variables. But local variables only arise from Gomory cuts, so there will not be many local variables, and the formula should thereby be useful for applications like predicate abstraction. For integer equalities, we designed a new procedure. It accepts equations and congruence equations, and returns an interpolant. We have implemented our method and give experimental results.


Many computer vision algorithms make use of local features, and rely on a systematic comparison of these features. The chosen dissimilarity measure is of crucial importance for the overall performances of these algorithms and has to be both robust and computationally efficient. Some of the most popular local features (like SIFT [4] descriptors) are based on one-dimensional circular histograms. In this contribution, we present an adaptation of the Earth moverpsilas distance to one-dimensional circular histograms. This distance, that we call CEMD, is used to compare SIFT-like descriptors. Experiments over a large database of 3 million descriptors show that CEMD outperforms classical bin-to-bin distances, while having reasonable time complexity.


Peristaltic transport of Herschel-Bulkley fluid in contact with a Newtonian fluid in a channel is investigated for its various applications to flows with physiological fluids (blood, chyme, intrauterine fluid, etc.). The primary application is when blood flows through small vessels; blood has a peripheral layer of plasma and a core region of suspension of all the erythrocytes. That is, in the modeling of blood flow, one needs to consider the core region consisting of a yield stress fluid and the peripheral region consisting of a Newtonian fluid. Peristaltic pumping of a yield stress fluid in contact with a Newtonian fluid has not previously been studied in detail. Our goal is to initiate such a study. The Herschel-Bulkley fluid model considered here reduces to the power law model in the absence of yield stress. The stream function, the velocity field, and the equation of the interface are obtained and discussed. When the yield stress TO → 0 and when the index n = 1, our results agree with those of Brasseur et al. (J. Fluid Mech. 174 (1987), 495) for peristaltic transport of the Newtonian fluid. It is observed that for a given flux Q the pressure rise Ap increases with an increase in the amplitude ratio Φ. Furthermore, the results obtained for the flow characteristics reveal many interesting behaviors that warrant further study of the peristaltic transport models with two immiscible physiological fluids.


Abstract Background This study discusses the effectiveness of artificial intelligence in one-to-one psychological intervention system for middle school students. The purpose of this study is to determine whether middle school students have enough trust in AI machines, to explore their internal psychology, and to evaluate the intervention effect of AI in middle school students' one-to-one psychological intervention system. Subjects and Methods 76 eighth grade students from two parallel classes in the same grade were randomly assigned to the same teacher. The research tools used include two sets of autonomic nerve detectors produced by South Korean medicore company and two sets of self-developed artificial intelligence one-to-one psychological intervention systems, including two artificial intelligence robots Xiaoxin and two emotional bracelets. 36 students in the intervention group received one-on-one intervention of artificial intelligence robot Xiaoxin, and t-test was conducted on physical stress, psychological stress, stress index, sympathetic nerve activity, stress resistance and average heart rate. Test participants can effectively alleviate psychological stress and prevent depression. The data showed that the DASS-21 comprehensive score of subjects participating in the test was 1.7 times that of subjects not participating in the test. In contrast, without participation, they are more likely to show depression, anxiety and stress, and tend to be passive in simple coping styles. The improved method can effectively alleviate the psychological pressure of employees and improve the ability to actively deal with pressure. Results Except for the four indexes of nerve stress and sympathetic nerve activity, P < 0.001. After the intervention, the average heart rate, physical stress and stress index decreased significantly, while the anti stress ability increased significantly. Statistical analysis shows that the one-to-one intervention of artificial intelligence robot Xiaoxin can effectively alleviate students' physical stress and stress index, and improve students' stress resistance. The intermediary effect analysis of emotional arousal found that the direct effect of anger on MCT fluency was significant, B = 3.80, P < 0.001, CI = [1.99, 5.62], and the indirect effect of arousal on MCT fluency was significant, B = 0.58, CI = [0.08, 1.66]; The direct effect of anger on MCT anger was significant, B = 6.08, P < 0.001, CI = [3.26, 8.89], and the indirect effect of arousal on MCT anger was significant, B = 0.80, CI = [0.08, 2.41]; The direct effect of anger on MCT harmfulness was significant, B = 0.42, P = 0.004, CI = [0.14, 0.69], and the indirect effect of arousal on MCT harmfulness was not significant, B = 0.03, CI = [− 0.03, 0.18]. The direct effect of anger on aut fluency was significant, B = 2.58, P = 0.032, CI = [0.23, 4.92], and the indirect effect of arousal on aut fluency was significant, B = 1.22, CI = [0.27, 2.62]); The direct effect of anger on aut novelty was significant, B = 4.60, P = 0.008, CI = [1.23, 7.96], and the indirect effect of arousal on aut novelty was significant, B = 1.79, CI = [0.42, 3.91] (see Figure 4D). The above results show that emotional arousal plays a partial mediating role in the influence of anger on the fluency and novelty of malicious creativity and general creativity, but it has no mediating role in the influence of anger on the harmfulness of malicious creativity. Conclusion Artificial intelligence one-to-one psychological intervention system is effective. Among the 38 students in the intervention group, this shows that most students have a high sense of trust in the artificial intelligence robot Xiaoxin. This sense of trust is enough to make the artificial intelligence one-to-one psychological intervention system play the role of psychological intervention. We should fully understand the important position of artificial intelligence robot in emotional factors, actively improve its role psychological ability, pay special attention to its impact on life attitude and healthy behavior, and be a healthy self-manager, coordinator and collaborator. According to the psychological characteristics of these groups, we should actively and flexibly organize colorful activities, strive to create a relaxed and harmonious living atmosphere, create a friendly and mutually beneficial emotional artificial intelligence relationship, encourage and guide these groups, adjust their psychology to the best state, and promote the healthy development of their good cognition and life.


The complexities that are inherent in electricity value chains are non-linear in nature and they require unconventional modelling methods, such as system dynamics. This paper provides an overview of the system dynamics method applied for obtaining an understanding of the impact of electric-bus, -car, and -truck market penetration on carbon emissions in South Africa, through the development of the electric mobility simulator (eMobiSim). Two scenarios were tested. The World Reference scenario was based on a market penetration of 22% eCars, 19% eTrucks, and 80% eBuses and the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) scenario was based on 2.38% eCars, 1.79% eTrucks, and 12% eBuses. The results indicate that the World Reference scenario is the most optimistic, with a 12.33% decrease in carbon emissions in the transport sector and an increase of 4.32% in the electricity sector. However, if the economic structure that is specific to South Africa is to be considered and the GDP scenario is run, then there would only be a 1.77% decrease of carbon emissions in the transport sector and an increase of 0.64% in the electricity sector. Although the eCar market penetration produces the highest reduction in carbon emissions, the volumes that are required are large and other factors, such as price parity and affordability in the various income deciles, would have to be considered in determining whether this volume is achievable.


Key Points Question What are the priorities for strengthening the breast cancer (BC) journey in Namibia? Findings In this cohort study of 405 Namibian women with incident BC recruited at the main national public oncology center, Black women were disadvantaged all along their BC journey compared with their mixed ancestry and White counterparts. There was a statistically significantly lower overall survival 3 years after BC diagnosis in Black women (60%) vs mixed ancestry and White women (85%). Meaning These findings suggest that improvements that address the prevailing racial disparities in survival are needed across the whole BC journey to reduce BC mortality in Namibia.


High-concentration gas and dust generated in drilling operation in the coal mine will influence the safe production of the mine.In this paper,a method for gas-water-slag automatic separation was proposed and an integrated device of gas-water-slag separation was designed and manufactured according to the physical properties of dust,gas and water.Field test was made on the application effect of the integrated device of gas-water-slag separation,and the test results showed that this device can effectively reduce the gas and dust concentration in th working face.


more than assertion: for example headings such as 'subduing Ocean' (p. 94), 'Emperor of the Ocean' (p. 198), 'Ocean harnessed' (p. 228), and language implying more than is in the texts. Claudius' speech to the Senate (p. 94) does not say 'challenging the gods and crossing Ocean'; Tacitus (Agricola 23) has no mention of 'divine waters' (p. 153). A quoted 'Roman poet' (Martial) only refers to visiting 'Father Ocean' (p. 162). H. suggests that 'failures in Britain contributed to the poor reputation of the emperors Caligula, Nero and Domitian, who were damned at death by order of the Roman Senate' (pp. 4–6; cf. 65), but it is surely a step too far to suggest that this figured much in minds at Rome where these rulers were concerned. Most ancient references emphasise the difficulties, not the ritual aspect of the Ocean. Surely if conquering Britain was seen as a 'religious' objective and campaigning a 'magical act' (p. 4), we should expect Caesar and Tacitus to emphasise this aspect? Yet Agricola 10 is standard in offering a sober and practical account of the 'the largest of the islands known to the Romans' and its surrounding seas. Calling Hadrian's Wall the 'magic and military wall' (pp. 222, 230) cannot hide the lack of evidence for the supposed special link to Ocean. There may be water-related shrines along the Wall, but there were for other landscape features also (p. 225), and these practices are common throughout the Empire. We might recall Frontinus, with his views on Roman practicality, as exemplified by aqueducts, compared to 'the useless, though famous, works of the Greeks' (De Aquaeductu 16). There are some surprising errors in the concluding sections (e.g. concerning Classis Britannica forts [p. 214], Carausius [p. 248] and Magnus Maximus [p. 264]), but they are irrelevant to the main thrust of the book. The afterword, 'What Have the Romans Ever Done for Us?', mostly challenges any positive views of things Roman; but surely one cannot take Monty Python seriously as representing views in 'elite ("public") schools' (p. 258)? Overall, the book offers little new on the narrative of invasion and conquest, with the main differences being the focus on nasty imperialist Romans and an interesting but ultimately unconvincing exploration of the supposed religious and magical dimension caused by Britain's setting in the Ocean. The target audience is presumably undergraduates with little knowledge of Roman Britain. The book may offer them a marker of the current anti-colonial approach with an up-to-date bibliography, but it is to be hoped that challenging it will encourage readers to seek a more balanced engagement with the original texts.


T question, at least the second part, was a whole lot easier to answer 20 yr ago, when urine glucose measurement was telling us little or nothing about glycemic control (1), than it is today. We now have improved insulin preparations and delivery systems, means of short-term and long-term metabolic monitoring, more practical and patient friendly dietary recommendations, and improved understanding of psychosocial issues and educational techniques. We also have the evidence that striving for near normal glycemic control is possible and reduces the risks of longterm complications. Nonetheless, the physiologic replacement of insulin remains an elusive goal. As Robert Tattersall noted years ago, insulin is given in the wrong place (SC instead of portal), at the wrong time (often after the blood glucose is elevated), and in the wrong amounts (not enough for the meal and too much for the fast). The first part of the question posed in this controversy finds no disagreement. In fact, Silverstein and Malone (2) rejected the title assigned to them, Strict Glycemic Control Is Not Necessary and Not Practical in Most Children with Type 1 Diabetes, removing the first not. In the enthusiasm to apply the lessons from the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT), it should not be forgotten that substantial risk remained despite the impressive effort and improvement in glycemic control. This relation tempers risk-benefit considerations in children. Furthermore, it cannot be gleaned from the DCCT whether strict control before adolescence is important for the reduced risk of complications. When the clock starts running for complications has been the subject of considerable discussion, with the general consensus that the clock starts with the onset of diabetes but speeds up markedly with maturation. There are few data to use for assessing a risk benefit ratio of strict control in the preadolescent patient. Complications have been recorded before or early in adolescence, with severely compromised control. Such patients also have limited joint mobility (LJM), growth failure, and delayed sexual maturation (3). Tamborlane and Grey (4) include short adult stature as one of the reasons for strict control, particularly during the pubertal growth spurt. The data for relative short stature resulting from childhood diabetes predate the modern treatment era, however. As these authors note, the general diabetes control in the child and adolescent population has improved substantially since the start of the DCCT. Twenty years ago, we found that 37% of children without LJM and 77% with LJM were less than the 25th percentile height for age (5). Currently, only 22% of those without LJM and 33% of those with LJM are less than the 25th percentile, and the prevalence of LJM has decreased 4-fold (6). These results further indicate overall improved control in the past 20 yr. They also indicate that the clock starts running early, because LJM is an indicator of increased risk for long-term complications. The feasibility part of the question, encompassing issues of resource availability and safety, as well as treatment methods, provides the faint whiff of controversy in this topic. Tamborlane and Grey (4) consider that the average HgbA1c levels in pediatric diabetes clinics currently being comparable to those achieved by adolescents in the DCCT is an argument for the feasibility of strict control. It is difficult, however, to see how generally good control in a population or in an individual is assurance that strict control is attainable. They define a group of adolescents in whom they have effectively worked toward this goal, finding considerably less hypoglycemia with pump administration than with multiple injection. As Silverstein and Malone (2) caution, however, it is not appropriate to apply this experience, which requires a certain level of maturity and personal commitment, to younger children whose diabetes is managed by someone else. They further caution that intensive therapy involves behavioral change, and families with minimal resources, psychosocial problems, and instability, and lacking in social support, will be incapable of sustaining a child in this endeavor. In both of the discussions, the worries about neurocognitive effects of hypoglycemia are expressed, of greatest concern with the youngest patients. Silverstein and Malone (2) thoroughly review the numerous studies of neurocognitive changes related to early-onset diabetes and to hypoglycemia. One comes away from this discussion especially concerned about long-term effects on the developing brain of the increased risk of apparent and unrecognized hypoglycemia with tight control during the first 7–10 yr of life. Also worrisome is the diminution of the sleep-associated blood pressure decline with intensive therapy, which might have longterm effects on cardiovascular disease risk. Both sets of contributors emphasize individualizing goals to obtain the best diabetic control possible for that individual and family, an objective that has not changed over the decades, although, happily, the expectations have. The authors also emphasize the problem of finding the money and personnel needed for broad application of intensive therapy as in the DCCT model. Not only efficacy, but safety, depends on the intensity of involvement with the treatment team. Tamborlane and Grey (4) note that the use of the more rapid onset and shorter-acting insulin that has been modified to have less self affinity (lispro) can reduce the risk of hypoglycemia. Other modifications are being made to the insulin molecule to produce the ideal long-acting no-peak basal requirement (7). Inhaled insulin, with a rapidity of onset and duration of action comparable to lispro, though inefficient with 30% absorption, offers the advantage of needless administration (8). The enthusiasm expressed by Tamborlane and Grey (4) for continuous online measurement of plasma glucose levels as potentially the most important advance in the past 20 yr would be appropriate if such were the start of a true automatic pancreas, activating implanted pumps with glucagon and insulin. What is available is a long way from this. The device discussed is used intermittently to provide a true 24-h profile of SC fluid glucose concentration, which is correlated to plasma glucose by frequent calibration using the patient's blood glucose monitor. The wonderful thing about this device is that a several day profile can be obtained in real-life for planning insulin injections or pump setting. It has to be 514 THERAPEUTIC CONTROVERSY JCE & M • 2000 Vol 85 • No 2


This paper reports on a doctoral study in progress which examines the spatial organization of three public library buildings. The paper comments on the materially-embedded relations of power between the library and its users, paying special attention to socio-spatial models of control dating from the age of modern library design. Cette communication porte sur une etude doctorale en cours qui examine l'organisation spatiale de trois bibliotheques publiques. L'auteur commente les relations de pouvoir que l'on retrouve entre la bibliotheque et ses usagers, avec une attention particuliere aux modeles de controle socio-spatiaux issus du design des bibliotheques modernes.


Abstract We used the basic principles of game theory to investigate development strategies for standards of professional competence in universities in the same geographic area, under conditions of non-uniform distribution of social demand preference. The results revealed that, under various conditions in our model, different approaches for differential strategies were selected by university U2 compared with university U1. Specifically, in the competition between U1 and U2, there is a differential strategy compression point of U2 to U1; When U2 universities choose the biggest differentiation strategy, university U1 also have differentiated strategy control points. Arbitrary decision-making of university U1 in relation to university U2 was based on the requirements of professional competence standards, according to the change of the social demand for professional competency standard, universities U2 will adopt the strategy of "no difference", "maximum differentiation" and "comprehensive intermediate strategy", respectively. The current results have theoretical implications for the selection of professional development and professional competence development strategies in asymmetric universities operating in the same geographic area.


A novel combined tie relates to the high-polymer material technology field. A bridge tie with the specification of 2200*180*200mm is prepared by adopting the pultrusion method, and comprises urethane foam, and long glass fibers arranged in the single direction. The mass ratio of the urethane foam to the long glass fibers is (1 to 1.5): 1. The glass fibers are arranged in a certain direction and distributed in the urethane foam. The urethane foam is formed by foaming urethane resins. The combined tie is shaped by adopting the following steps: firstly soaking the urethane resin on the surfaces of the glass fibers, and then adopting the compression molding method or the pultrusion method for preparing the combined tie. According to Figure 1, the long glass fibers are uniformly arranged along the direction of the tie length, and distributed in the base body of the urethane foam. The combined tie has excellent comprehensive performance, corrosion resistance, fatigue resistance, etc., and can be adopted as an ideal substitute for the prior railroad ties.


A new selective and sensitive fluorescence turn-on detection of CN(-) is reported by taking advantage of aggregation induced-emission (AIE) behavior of tetraphenylethylene units and the nucleophilic attack of CN(-) on the indolium group in compound 1.


The objective of this research was to explore the effect of waxy wheat flour on physicochemical properties of flour blending and steamed bread quality. The pasting and rheological properties of blends of waxy wheat flour with ordinary flour at different proportions were measured by RVA, brabender farinograph and extensograph. Then, a series of quality parameters of steamed bread were determined. Results showed that all viscosity relevant parameters in RVA test such as pasting temperature, peak viscosity, breakdown and retrogradation became weaker with increasing waxy flour proportion, especially the retrogradation value, which showed a significant decrease. The water-absorbing capacity of dough was increased by increasing waxy flour proportion, but the development time, stability time and quality number of dough exhibited reducing downward trend. All of these parameters showed a significant difference when adding waxy wheat at a proportion of exceeding 25.0%. The area under the curve, resistance to extension and resistance-extensibility ratio increased, but the extensibility parameters reduced with prolonged proofing time. The flour blending with waxy wheat flour significantly affected the quality of steamed bread. The flour blending with 20.0%–30.0% waxy wheat flour could effectively improve the surface and interior texture, volume and total sensory evaluation scores of steamed bread. If adding 25.0% waxy wheat flour into ordinary wheat four, steamed bread would reveal the best quality and the highest scores in sensory evaluation.


A component mode synthesis method capable of estimating vibration responses efficiently in a high-frequency range is presented. In order to analyze the response in a high-frequency range, a high- and low-order truncatable mode superposition method is incorporated in the reduction process included in both the formulation of component mode synthesis and the solving of the superimposed global equation of motion. By truncating lower modes, it becomes possible to analyze a system with fewer degrees of freedom than by the existing modal reduction methods. Frequency response analyses of several test problems of damped structures are performed and compared with the multipurpose versatile code, MSC/NASTRAN, to demonstrate the efficiency and versatility of the proposed method.


Galli were induced from the leaves explants of a chemical type of Cinnamonmum tenuipilum Kosterm in which the main aromatic component was geraniol. It was optimal for the callus growth by using MS medium in which IAA 2mg/L and KT 0.1mg/L were added into it. The optimum pH value in the medium was about 5-6, and optimum temperature was about 25℃. Light inhibited callus growth. Preliminary identification of geraniol in the callus was carried out by gas chromatography. The results demonstrated that callus was capable of synthesizing geraniiol the same as that of the original plant.


In traditional IT environment, there is a constant pressure of cost reduction. Unpredictable demands, rapid changes in technologies, complex IT portfolios and acquisitions, increased business competition, and revenue demands are the main factors which have compelled organizations to look for better alternatives. There is little automation and considerable amount of effort goes into resource provisioning of business processes. Approximately 80 percent of the average CIO's time is spent on non-technical tasks such as cost, quality, and agility of service. Emergence of cloud computing is a boon for not only large organizations but SMBs also, considering agility, automation, on demand resources, scalability, low capital expense, and utility based billing model. Most of the organizations are inclined towards the use of cloud environment to be more strategic and to gain greater insight into business. Eighty Twenty Thinking has been applied in a variety of fields ranging from Economics, and Business, to Project Management and Software engineering to fine tune the practices in that field towards improved efficacy. Adoption of cloud models allows leaders and managers to devote relatively more time and effort to business strategy challenges and decision making. In this study, comparison of traditional and cloud environment has been done from the perspective of Eighty Twenty Thinking. Keywords—80/20 Thinking; Traditional IT Environment; Cloud Computing; Decision making


The food niche of Glossiphonia complanata was evaluated in the field using a serological technique. The feeding ecology of the species was similar in the two field sites examined, both populations displaying similar trends in prey utilization on a temporal and weight (size–age) basis. Field "prey range" of G. complanata was determined to consist of Gastropoda, which formed the highest proportion of the diet, followed in decreasing magnitude by Oligochaeta, Chironomidae, and Amphipoda, respectively. Feeding activity was lowest in winter and early spring and highest in late spring and summer. The temporal trend in prey utilization (winter to summer) was a continual decrease in Chironomidae and Amphipoda consumption, with a corresponding increase in the proportion of Gastropoda and Oligochaeta utilized. Glossiphonia complanata was found to partition food resources on the basis of weight (size–age) differences. Separation in food niche utilization by the weight classes was determined to be a function of a dec...


In this paper the results of electrical measurements of the mass-loading influence on AT-cut quartz and Y-cut langasite resonators are compared with those obtained by X-ray topography analysis of the same resonators. The mass-loading effects on resonator characteristics have been studied using the Ballato's transmission-line analogs of the trapped-energy resonators vibrating in thickness-shear mode. This study revealed that the mass-loading influence on electrical parameters of langasite resonators is smaller than in the case of quartz resonators. 5MHz Sawyer AT-cut quartz and Y-cut langasite resonators with Au electrodes, having various diameters and thicknesses were used in experiments. The results of the X-ray topography investigations are in agreement with the electrical measurements previously performed.


This work talks about the discursive and strategic values of the change of tenses in colloquial speech and tries to show their regularities, what means that is not anomalous.


Most studies of market organization in economic sociology mainly deals with its legal forms, as they also recognize the significant role states play in promoting and organizing legal markets. Very ...


The continued evolution of modern hardware has brought several new challenges to database management

systems (DBMSs). Multicore CPUs are now mainstream, while the future lies in massively parallel computing

performed on many-core processors. However, because they were developed originally for single-core

processors, DBMSs cannot take full advantage of the parallel computing that uses so many cores. Several

components in the traditional database engines become new bottlenecks on multicore platforms. In this paper,

we analyze the bottlenecks in existing database engines on a modern multicore platform using the mixed

workload of the TPC-W benchmark and describe strategies for higher scalability and throughput for existing

DBMSs on multicore platforms. First, we show how to overcome the limitations of the database engine

by introducing a partition-based multi-instance database system on a single multicore platform without any

modification of existing DBMSs. Second, we analyze the possibility of further improving the performance

by optimizing the cache performance of concurrent queries. Implemented by middleware, our proposed PM-DB

can avoid the challenging work of modifying existing database engines. Performance evaluation using

the TPC-W benchmark revealed that our proposal can achieve at most 2.5 times higher throughput than the

existing engine of PostgreSQL.


Combined small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies have been performed on two binary Al-Li alloys subjected to different pre-aging treatments. Both the SAXS and TEM data indicate that delta (Al/sub 3/Li) in samples of the two alloys directly quenched to the aging temperature is larger in size than in samples quenched to below room temperature prior to aging. SAXS data indicate an initial rise in scattering center size in Al-9.4 at. % Li, or in the TEM studies of delta' in both alloys. It is considered that these observations are evidence that the initial rise in the SAXS data in Al-9.4 at. % Li alloys is due to a phenomenon other than delta' precipitation. The possibility of matrix spinodal decomposition in this alloy is one explanation.


Environmental context Pollution of the aquatic environment by oxytetracycline can lead to microbial resistance thereby compromising the efficacy of current medication regimes. Adsorption by colloidal and sediment particles reduces the rate at which oxytetracycline degrades, whereas the longer the antimicrobial remains in the aquatic environment, the greater the danger of microbial resistance. There is need therefore for a fuller understanding of the kinetics of degradation of oxytetracycline in aquatic ecosystems before measures for mitigating pollution by the antimicrobial can be designed. Abstract The persistence of oxytetracycline in an aquatic microcosm and distilled water control experiments, was studied over a period of 90 days. An immediate 35% loss as a result of adsorption by the sediment was observed in the microcosm experiment soon after charging. Subsequently triphasic linear rates of oxytetracycline degradation were observed for both the water phase (3.1×10–2, 5.8×10–3 and 1×10–3µgg–1day–1) and sediment phase (4.8×10–2, 6.5×10–3 and 2×10–4µgg–1day–1). Degradation is attributed to photolysis and microbial degradation of the free oxytetracycline in solution, and microbial degradation of the colloidal and sediment particle adsorbed speciation forms. The distilled water control exhibited biphasic zero order kinetics attributed to hydrolysis (2×10–6µgg–1day–1) and microbial degradation (2.7×10–3µgg–1day–1) under dark conditions, and monophasic zero order kinetics attributed to photolysis (6.9×10–3µgg–1day–1) under sunlight exposure. A kinetic model that takes into account hydrolysis, photolysis, microbial degradation and adsorption of the antibiotic by colloidal and sediment particles, is presented to account for the monophasic, biphasic and triphasic zero order kinetics observed in the control and microcosm experiments. Possible remediation strategies for mitigating aquatic environments polluted by the antimicrobial are discussed.


AbstractThe goal of this study was to determine student learning outcomes in thematic learning using Flashcard Media in sub-theme 2 forms of learning objects at Class III Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Annur Pedurungan Semarang. This study was carried out using Classroom Action Research (CAR). Data was gathered through the use of evaluation tests, interviews, documentation, and observations Based on the results of learning scores from the pre-cycle, the first cycle is the first meeting obtained an average of 60.5 percentage of 25 percent including unfeasible criteria, the first cycle of the second meeting obtained an average of 70.5 percentage of 55 percent including eligible criteria, and the second cycle of the first meeting obtained an average of 70.5 percentage of 55 percent including eligible criteria. The results of this study based on the results of learning scores from pre-cycle obtained an average of 59.5 percentage of 15% including very unfeasible criteria, the first cycle is the first meeting obtained an average of 60.5 percentage of 25% including unfeasible criteria, the first cycle of the second meeting obtained an average of 70.5 percentage of 55 percent including eligible criteria, and the second cycle of the first meeting obtained an average of    Keywords: Learning Outcomes, Flashcard, Thematic Learning


1 . An experimental method was developed that allowed the incubation of isolated organs in circulating whole blood. The circulating blood was oxygenated with a specially designed dise‐oxygenator and drawn through the system by means of a roller pump. 2 . The method proved suitable for guinea‐pig isolated atria, rabbit duodenum and to a lesser extent for chronically denervated rat diaphragm. Isolated atria could be kept for several hours. Various parameters of the circulating blood (haemolysis, pH, O2 saturation, concentration of electrolytes) remained satisfactory for at least 5 hr. The method proved convenient for pharmacological and kinetic studies on isolated organs, suspended in whole blood of the corresponding species. The organs showed normal spontaneous mechanical activity and also responded to electrical stimuli and various drugs. 3 . The uptake of 3H‐labelled ouabain, digoxin, digitoxin and digitoxigenin was studied in guinea‐pig isolated atria, suspended in circulating blood. The uptake reached equilibrium after 60–90 min. With respect to the total serum radioactivity the "apparent" tissue/medium (T/M) ratios obtained for the four drugs were within the range 0.4–1.1. If, however, the amount of free, non protein bound drug was taken as a base for the calculations, the following "true" T/M ratios were obtained: 3H‐ouabain 0.45; 3H‐digoxin 1.6; digitoxin 8.8; digitoxigenin 8.4. These values are virtually the same as those obtained with atria, suspended in an aqueous medium. Obviously, the uptake of 3H‐cardenolides from whole blood is determined by the amount of free non‐proteinbound drug. 4 . 3H‐digitoxin and 3H‐digitoxigenin were taken up by guinea‐pig erythrocytes to a small extent. No measurable amounts of 3H‐ouabain and 3H‐digoxin were taken up by erythrocytes.


ABSTRACT Many philosophers say that the nature of personal identity has to do with narratives: the stories we tell about ourselves. While different narrativists address different questions of personal identity, some propose narrativist accounts of personal identity over time. The paper argues that such accounts have troubling consequences about the beginning and end of our lives, lead to inconsistencies, and involve backwards causation. The problems can be solved, but only by modifying the accounts in ways that deprive them of their appeal.


This correlational research aimed to study 1) head nurse's support for registered nurse's advancement of career ladder, 2) the registered nurse's preparation for advancement of career ladder, and 3) the relationship between head nurse's support and registered nurse's preparation. The sample comprised 330 registered nurses working in secondary and tertiary hospitals in the three southernmost provinces. Research instruments consisted of 1) a demographic questionnaires, 2) the head nurse's support for registered nurse's career advancement questionnaires, and 3) the registered nurse's preparation for career advancement questionnaires. The contents of latter two instruments were validated by three experts, CVI values of .82, .89 respectively, yielding values of Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.98 and 0.97 respectively. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation, and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results showed that the head nurses' support for registered nurses' advancement of career ladder was at a high level (M=4.13, S.D.=0.57), the registered nurses' preparation for advancement of career ladder was at a moderate level (M=3.67, S.D.=0.52), and the head nurses' support was significantly positively correlated with the registered nurses' preparation for advancement of career ladder at a moderate level (r=.50, P<.01) The findings serve as a guideline for the head nurses to further plan for registered nurses' preparation for the advancement of career ladder using a systematic approach. Keywords: support of head nurses, tertiary hospital, registered nurses' career ladder


This research aim to design efficient model of green logistic for pharmaceutical distribution company. Green logistics for pharmaceutical distribution company consists of green warehousing with 5 parameters and green transportation with 6 parameters, both were combined with green cold chain management. This reseach is applied research with quantitative/ positive approach in one pharmaceutical distribution company in Surabaya, Indonesia. Data were collected using interview, observation and data from physical document and company ERP. Collected data were analyzed to create new model of green logistic that suitable for company X and also suggest corrective action for company to reach green logistic. New model of green logistic for company X consists of green warehousing with 5 parameters and green transportation with 4 parameters, both were combined with green cold chain management. New model of green logistic was implemented partially by optimizing layout and goods movement inside warehouse resulting in reduction of logistic lead time. Lead time reduction resulted in reduced overtime by 37,68% leading to reduced electricity consumption by 4.59%.Research concluded that partial implementation of new green logistic model in company X can increasing green value by reducing energy consumption.


The burden of disease with congestive heart failure is high. Natriuretic peptide hormones, a family of vasoactive peptides with many favourable physiological properties, have emerged as important contenders for development of diagnostic tools and therapeutic agents in cardiovascular disease. Elevated plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) concentrations correlate with increased cardiac filling pressures. Therefore, increased BNP has been proposed as a marker for asymptomatic ventricular dysfunction, as an aid in the diagnosis of cardiac dyspnoea, as an endpoint to assess the efficacy of heart failure therapy, and as a prognostic marker in heart failure. This article is an attempt to give a short overview on the utility of BNP blood levels for the diagnosis and treatment of heart failure.


Although a considerable amount of research in personality psychology has been done to conceptualize human personality, identify the "Big Five" dimensions, and explore the meaning of each dimension, no parallel research has been conducted in consumer behavior on brand personality. Consequently, an understanding of the symbolic use of brands has been limited in the consumer behavior literature. In this research, the author develops a theoretical framework of the brand personality construct by determining the number and nature of dimensions of brand personality (Sincerity, Excitement, Competence, Sophistication, and Ruggedness). To measure the five brand personality dimensions, a reliable, valid, and generalizable measurement scale is created. Finally, theoretical and practical implications regarding the symbolic use of brands are discussed.


We use Filtered Historical Simulation with a time-varying volatility model to forecast Expected Shortfall (ES) forecasts. Either the HEAVY or GARCH model is used as the volatility model. Shephard and Sheppard (2010) introduced the HEAVY model which has quicker adjustments than the conventional GARCH model to structural breaks in the volatility process. The aim of this paper is to compare the specification of the ES forecasts and their out-of-sample predictive ability. 34 assets including trades assets, indexes computed by MSCI and exchange rates are used in our analysis. We show that the HEAVY model is favoured for particular assets in terms of the correct specification of the model and the predictive performance.


The research purpose was to investigate the effectiveness of music mood-making themes in decrease of depression and increase of life quality among the students of Islamic Azad University of Khuzestan, Science and Research branch. The statistical population included all the female students of Islamic Azad University, Khuzestan Science and Research branch, out of which a sample of 24 individuals was selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to experimental (n= 12) and control (n= 14) groups. The data gathering tools included Beck depression inventory (BDI-13) and WHOQOL-BREF. The research employed pre-test, post-test with control group design. Music mood-making themes was conducted for 16 thirty-minute sessions; whereas, control group didn't receive any intervention. All the subjects filled out the questionnaires prior to and one month subsequent to the treatment. MANCOVA was employed to analyze the data. The research results indicated that music mood-making themes decrease the depression and increase the life quality of female students. Therefore, music mood-making themes can be used as an effective interventional method in decreasing the depression and increasing the female students' life quality.


The US Army Corps of Engineers, San Francisco District (USACE), is evaluating the suitability of sites for ocean disposal of dredged material from several projects in the San Francisco Bay area. In conjunction with those efforts, the USACE maintained current meter moorings at two candidate disposal sites (Sites B1B and 1M) on the California continental shelf. Optical backscatterance (OBS) sensors mounted on these moorings near the sea bed were used to determine suspended sediment concentrations. The initial deployments at Site 1M (42 m) and Site B1B (86 m) occurred in April 1988; data were recovered in June and September 1988, and January 1989. Final instrument recovery was scheduled for May 1989, and the program should provide a full year of information on tidal and low-frequency shelf currents and near-bed suspended sediment concentrations. This is a preliminary report of the data from the 86-m site. The data showed evidence of strong vertical coherence in the currents, net southward flow at all depths during upwelling season, frequent flow reversals in fall and winter, and more frequent resuspension of sediment during the winter months. 9 refs., 5 figs., 2 tabs.


Abstract Silicon carbide (SiC) fiber–reinforced SiC matrix (SiC/SiC) composites have been widely investigated for potential fusion reactor applications. In this present investigation, the high-temperature creep performance of five types of SiC fibers is evaluated and microstructural analysis is performed. The creep behavior of the fibers was assessed by the bend stress relaxation method at various applied strains at 1500°C and 1700°C. The fibers tested include developmental-grade fibers with different residual silicon amounts (~0%, 2% to 3%, and 5% to 6%) fabricated by laser chemical vapor deposition at Free Form Fibers. Generally, the creep behavior of the Free Form (FF) fibers was similar to Hi-Nicalon Type S and/Tyranno-SA SiC fibers currently used for fabrication of SiC/SiC composites for fusion applications. However, all FF fibers exhibited the formation of pores after the creep tests at 1700°C regardless of residual silicon amount, which can be improved by further development via optimization of the composition and microstructure.


Driver fatigue is such a cosmopolitan difficult problem, and that it has become a hot topic in traffic safety research field in China. Based on the overview of the related patents, papers and its research status, hot topics, development fields of driver fatigue, then the three key technologies of driver fatigue research of detecting technology, warning technology, relieving and controlling technology are reviewed, and the direction scale inhibitor of driver fatigue research in the future is pointed out.


Many large-scale systems have inherent structures that can be exploited to facilitate their analysis and design. This thesis investigates how chordal graph properties can be used to develop scalable methods for solving three classes of problems: sparse semidefinite programs (SDPs), distributed control of networked systems, and sum-of-squares (SOS) programs. By exploiting the properties of chordal graphs and sparse positive semidefinite matrices, we present decomposition methods that are able to scale these problems to much larger instances. The first part of this thesis proposes a new conversion framework for large-scale SDPs characterized by chordal sparsity. This framework is analogous to standard conversion techniques for interior-point methods, but is more suitable for the application of first-order methods. We develop efficient algorithms based on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) for sparse SDPs in either primal or dual standard form, and for their homogeneous self-dual embedding. The algorithms are made available in the open-source conic solver CDCS. CDCS is the first open-source first-order solver that exploits chordal decomposition and can detect infeasible problems. We demonstrate the performance of CDCS in standard analysis problems of large-scale networked systems. The second part of this thesis is concerned with solution scalability and model privacy in distributed control of networked systems. Specifically, we apply chordal decomposition in sparse Lyapunov-type linear matrix inequalities arising from structured stabilization and optimal decentralized control of networked systems. We introduce a sequential method based on the clique-intersection property of a clique tree for structured stabilization. This strategy greatly improves the computational efficiency for large-scale sparse systems. In addition, we propose an ADMM algorithm that can maintain model privacy when solving the optimal decentralized control problem. Finally, we consider large-scale SOS programs. We identify an inherent partial orthogonality in the formulation when recasting general SOS programs using the standard monomial basis. In addition, we extend the well-established chordal decomposition/completion results for sparse positive semidefinite matrices to a subset of SOS matrices. Using a new graph-theoretic viewpoint, we build an explicit relationship between chordal decomposition in SOS optimization and two other recent techniques — DSOS and SDSOS optimization. We demonstrate that chordal decomposition can bring significant speed-ups for large-scale sparse SOS programs.