Background: The objectives of this study was to analyze complete blood counts in rotaviral gastroenteritis with special emphasis on platelet indices.Methods: Children diagnosed as rotavirus gastroenteritis and healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Severity of acute gastroenteritis was classified into mild, moderate and severe grades using Vesikari score. Rotavirus was determined in fresh stool samples using rapid diagnostic rotavirus antigen test. Hemoglobin, leukocyte, neutrophil to lymphocyte percentage ratio, platelet counts, mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW) and platelet crit (PCT) levels were assessed for all children. It's a case control study conducted at Pediatric Speciality Hospital.Results: There were 30 cases with mean age 1.58 years. Healthy controls were 30 with mean age 2.10 years. Mean Hb was lower in cases. Mean of platelet counts was higher in cases. Mean MPV levels was lower in cases. Mean PCT value was higher in cases. Mean MPV to platelet ratio value was lower in cases. All parameters values showed no significant difference among mild, moderate and severe groups of rotaviral gastroenteritis cases. Platelet count was negatively correlated with Hb, MPVP and positively correlated with TLC and PCT. MPV was positively correlated with MPVP and PDW. PCT was negatively correlated with Hb, MPVP and positively correlated with TLC and platelet count.Conclusions: MPV can be used as negative acute phase reactant in rotavirus gastroenteritis and so is the MPV to platelet ratio. Platelet count is acute phase reactant in rotavirus gastroenteritis and so is the platelet crit value.


Water Quality Index in the Main Drain River in Iraq by Application the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index(CCME WQI) has been achieved .Fifteen water quality parameters (pH, alkalinity, phosphate(PO 4 ) , nitrate(NO 3 ), sulfate(SO 4 ), chloride(Cl), total hardness(TH), calcium(Ca), magnesium(Mg), total dissolved solids(TDS), biological oxygen demand(BOD), dissolved oxygen(DO), electrical conductivity(EC), sodium (Na) and potassium(K) measured at ten stations along the main drain river (Baghdad, Babylon, Qadiysiah, ThiQar and Al-Basrah). The field work was conducted during the years 2004 until 2011. Based on the results obtained from the index the water quality of main outfall drain river ranged between 26.6- 35.5 which indicate that river has the worst quality due to effect of various pollutant sources. Keywords: Water quality index, Iraq, Main drain, CCME WQI


The invention provides a protective crane for old people and a control method thereof. The protective crane comprises a plastic ring arranged on a crane body in a sleeving mode. The interior of the plastic ring is sequentially divided into a first cavity, a second cavity and a third cavity which are communicated. The wall of the first cavity and the wall of the third cavity are each provided with a through hole. A battery is arranged in the first cavity. A loudspeaker is arranged in the third cavity 4. A first data processing module is arranged in a single-chip microcomputer. The single-chip microcomputer is connected with a micro camera fixed to the outer wall of the crane body. A smart phone is further arranged for a person caring for the old people. A second wireless communication module in communicating connection with a first wireless communication module through a wireless communication network is arranged in the smart phone. A step counting App and a second data processing module are further arranged in the smart phone. In combination with the control method of the protective crane, the defect that it is very dangerous when the old people have abnormal heart rates for a long time and then fall down can be overcome.


This paper focuses on developing a framework for interweaving built architecture, environmental preservation, and a social architecture grounded in deep democratic engagement that can enhance a naturally and socially sustainable ideal city for the future. I will explore three main questions: What are the best practices in democratic citizen participation in cities worldwide, e.g., Porto Alegre and Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), Buenos Aires (Argentina), London (U.K), Amsterdam (Netherlands), Berlin (Germany), Durban (South Africa), Nairobi (Kenya), and Sydney (Australia), especially focusing on interlinked issues of racial and income diversity, community empowerment, citizen education, and the common good? How is planning with nature related to planning for human welfare in ideal cities of the future? What are some solutions that have arisen within collaborative planning for land use, transportation, economic development, and social-natural sustainability? My analysis will highlight the contributions of classical and contemporary pragmatist thinkers to framing and answering these questions.


A novel kind of octagonal dual-concentric-core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is calculated with the finite element method (FEM) and proposed for broadband compensation. In order to realize highly negative dispersion, the hole diameter of the second ring is reduced relative to conventional PCFs. Numerical simulation results show that when the diameters of large holes and small holes are 0.77 \mu m and 0.5 \mu m, respectively, and the pitch of the adjacent rings is 1.1 μm, the negative dispersion can achieve about –840 ps.nm-1.km-1 at 1 550 nm and the dispersion slope can match with single mode fiber (SMF-28) perfectly. This PCF can compensate the positive dispersion and also its slope of about 50 times its length of SMF-28 fiber, which is suitable for C-band optical fiber telecommunication as a dispersion compensation fiber.


As it was expected in the middle of the past century, digital and video technologies have fully penetrated the body of the modern theatre. today using video serves a common director's method, both banally illustrative and conceptual, to stage many plays. With a wide spectrum of digital technologies in use by the theatre where actors are alive, questions arise to the co-existence and to the balance between living creatures and digital videos in the same space, to their interaction and conceptual directions.


The purpose of this research is to make an analysis of the relation of filial duty and social activity taken by Taekwondo training and to give informations about nature education and useful knowledge in training academy and also to be informed with influence on useful teaching method, reconsideration of practicing method. The relation of filial duty and social activity taken by Taekwondo training is as follow; the result that appeared trainers are higher than non-trainers in serving parents, knowledge, and trainers are higher than trainers in self-protection and cooperation. First, according to Taekwondo training and gender for filial duty has result that has different to self-protection and obedience. Second, according to Taekwondo training and school grade for filial duty has result that has different serving parents, support, self-protection, and obedience. Third, according to Taekwondo training and family for filial duty has result that has different serving parents, support, and self-protection. Fourth, according to Taekwondo training and gender for social activity has result that has different faithful, leadership. Fifth, according to Taekwondo training and school grade for social activity has result that has different selfcontrol, moderation and leadership. Sixth, according to Taekwondo training and family for social activity has result that has different faithful, selfconfidence, cooperation, self-control, moderation and leadership.


In the article exact analytical and invariant solutions for both spinless and half-spin relativistic charged particles in crossed constant electric and magnetic fields, when $ H \mathclose{>} E $ have been found. It is shown that in both cases the problem reduces to that of quantum harmonic oscillator.


Patients walking into your practice today are different than the ones you saw a few years ago. Larger deductibles and out-of-pocket costs may cause many of them to put off recommended treatment. What can you do to ease patients' cost concerns and help them move forward with the care they want and need? Creating a comprehensive financial policy that includes a third-party patient financing program is a good place to start. Here's how to ensure that you select the best program for you.


Abstract Introduction The present study evaluated the effects of different inocula of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts on the ileal myenteric plexus in rats. Materials and Methods Male Wistar rats, 60 days old, were distributed into four groups: control group (CG; which received saline solution) and groups that were infected with 100 (TG100), 1000 (TG1000), and 5000 (TG5000) T. gondii oocysts. Thirty days after infection, the rats were sacrificed, and the ileum was collected to make whole-mount preparations that were subjected to immunofluorescence staining to observe the general neuronal population (HuC/D), nitrergic neurons (nNOS), and enteric glial cells (S100). Morphometric and quantitative analyses of myenteric neurons were performed. Results The infections with different T. gondii inocula did not cause neuronal or glial loss, but cause neuronal hypertrophy in general population and nitrergic subpopulation in infected groups. Conclusion: Changes in neuronal morphology were observed in the TG5000 group, including the presence of vacuoles, translocation of Hu protein to the nucleus, and dendritic distortions, suggesting functional alterations in these cells.


Abstract The antitumor activity of camptothecin (CPT) and its derivatives, including water-soluble topotecan (TPT), is determined by their ability to inhibit human DNA topoisomerase I (top 1). On the other hand, TPT has been recently shown to bind to DNA. The proposed models are based on a two-step mechanism of TPT (CPT) dimer interaction with two spatially close DNA duplexes. At the first step, the CPT lactone form binds to DNA (Streltsov et al, Mol. Biol. vol. 36, no. 5 (2002) through hydrogen bonding of its C16a carbonyl with the guanine 2-amino group. At the second step, CPT is converted to the carboxylate form. In the absence of top 1, the C17 hydroxyl of CPT is involved in ester exchange (nicking of the DNA sugar-phosphate backbone followed by covalent joining of free phosphate to C17) whereas its C20 carboxyl forms two hydrogen bonds with the same guanine nucleotide at the opposite end of the broken DNA backbone. As a result, CPT binds to both ends of the broken DNA. The resulting CPT-DNA complex i...


Tree-grass coexistence in savanna ecosystems depends strongly on environmental disturbances out of which crucial is fire. Most modeling attempts in the literature lack stochastic approach to fire occurrences which is essential to reflect their unpredictability. Existing models that actually include stochasticity of fire are usually analyzed only numerically. We introduce minimalistic model of tree-grass coexistence where fires occur according to stochastic process. We use the tools of linear semigroup theory to provide more careful mathematical analysis of the model. Essentially we show that there exists a unique stationary distribution of tree and grass biomasses .


8157 strains which showed growth with red or pink colonies on the desoxycholate agar were isolated from 108 samples of foods. These strains were identified by ordinary methods and classified by IMViC test and the results were summarized as follows. (1) The confidence of detecting ability of this medium seemed to be low in foods (56.4%). (2) 4649 out of the isolated strains belonged to coliform group organisms, but it was confirmed an ordinary dispersion between their appearance and the source . (3) 1537 out of the isolated strains (19.2%) were unclassified by IMViC system, and this problem will be discussed in future. (Received September 29, 1965)


The bachelor's thesis provides an overview of the issue of institutional child care with a focus on family-type children's home, comprehensively looks at institutional education and its influence and impact on personality. The theoretical part deals with an individual's personality in terms of three-layer theory of mind, which describes the cognitive, affective and conative component. It deals with the characteristics of the environment in which the individual moves and looks in more detail at the children's home of family-type, its specific features, pros and cons. The practical part deals with research in family-type children's home, where they are identified current issues from the perspective of educators and their views on how the children's home environment affects a child's behavior, cognition and emotion. This research is carried out through interviews with educational workers.


Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to propose the use of graph theoretic structural modeling for assessing the possible reduction in complexity of the work flow procedures in an organization due to lean initiatives. A tool to assess the impact of lean initiative on complexity of the system at an early stage of decision making is proposed.

Design/methodology/approach

First, the permanent function-based graph theoretic structural model has been applied to understand the complex structure of a manufacturing system under consideration. The model helps by systematically breaking it into different sub-graphs that identify all the cycles of interactions among the subsystems in the organization in a systematic manner. The physical interpretation of the existing quantitative methods linked to graph theoretic methodology, namely two types of coefficients of dissimilarity, has been used to evolve the new measures of organizational complexity. The new methods have been deployed for studying the impact of different lean initiatives on complexity reduction in a case industrial organization.

Findings

The usefulness and the application of new proposed measures of complexity have been demonstrated with the help of three cases of lean initiatives in an industrial organization. The new measures of complexity have been proposed as a credible tool for studying the lean initiatives and their implications.

Research limitations/implications

The paper may lead many researchers to use the proposed tool to model different cases of lean manufacturing and pave a new direction for future research in lean manufacturing.

Practical implications

The paper demonstrates the application of new tools through cases and the tool may be used by practitioners of lean philosophy or total quality management to model and investigate their decisions.

Originality/value

The proposed measures of complexity are absolutely new addition to the tool box of graph theoretic structural modeling and have a potential to be adopted by practical decision makers to steer their organizations though such decisions before the costly interruptions in manufacturing systems are tried on ground.


Intestinal malrotation is a rare congenital alteration of the embryonal development of the bowel that tipically presents in the first year of life. The authors introduce the case of a 5 years old child affected by a chromosomal disorder (partial trisomy 4q and partial monosomy 7p in balanced maternal traslocation) with a two months history of recurrent gastric vomiting and abdominal distension without pain or alterations in blood tests. The patient underwent abdominal radiography, ecography and upper gastrointestinal barium examination that showed multiple air-fluid levels, marked distension of stomach, duodenum and first tract of jejunum and a Treitz in abnormal position. Intestinal malrotation was confirmed by surgery and intestinal derotation and duodenoplastic were performed. Intestinal malrotation should be considered as a differential possibility in the diagnosis of abdominal disorders in older children and adults. Caso clinico Discussione Bibliografia


Discrete-event simulation as a methodology is often inextricably intertwined with many other forms of analytics. Source data often must be repaired or processed before being used (indirectly or directly) to characterize variation in a simulation model. Collection of simulated data needs to coordinate with and support the evaluation of performance metrics in the model. Or it might be necessary to integrate other analytics into a simulation model to capture particular complexities in the real world system. We show how SAS Simulation Studio, as an integral part of the SAS analytic ecosystem, enables you to tackle all of these challenges. You have full control over the use of input data and the creation of simulated data. Strong experimental design capabilities mean you can simulate for all needed scenarios. Additionally, you c an embed any SAS analytic program-optimization, data mining, or otherwise-directly into the execution of your simulation model.


Data visualization is a strategy for seeing previously unknown data that will aid humanity in discovering essential information. There are various ways to represent datasets, but data visualization is the most effective because of its ability in seeing unseen information, which is a valuable tool for assisting in understanding and keeping interactive games enjoyable. The representation of the skeleton by the game is necessary when the skeleton is used to analyze the visualization patterns, and therefore the visualization of the dataset gives effective results. In this paper, we will present a new method that will effectively analyze the visualization patterns and present an interactive movie with interactive movements compared to the movements of the original visualization patterns in the dataset, and visualize movie datasets, by quantities of movie skeleton, which can be used in-game. This new method is quantity skeleton has a good level of speed, efficiency, and accuracy. In the conclusion of this study, we will present all of the outcomes of the comparison among our proposed method and other well-known ways, proving the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed through the use of well-known comparison measures and the presentation of the results.


This paper presents an analysis and experimental verification of the operating point stability of a synchronous motor supplied from a current source inverter with simple frequency control of motor speed. The effects of magnetic saturation in the motor and of inverter imperfection are included in the analysis. In contrast with earlier analyses based on an ideal inverter, it is shown that the inverter parameters have a dominant effect on stability.


Global warming gets some attention from many countries in the world because it is feared give negative impacts. Neural Network (NN) model can capture nonlinear relationship, so this method widely used in weather research but over-fitting may happen. Therefore to prevent over-fitting of NN model, then use a Bayesian approach. Bayesian approach with Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) used to estimate parameters of NN model. Feed Forward Neural Network (FFNN) and Bayesian Neural Network were proposed to model and predict monthly temperature in Surabaya, Indonesia. The best model selection for two models based on minimum error value. Criterion of minimum error value used to evaluate fit model and forecasting, which is AIC, SBC and RMSE. The result showed that AIC and SBC of Bayesian Neural Network model smaller than NN model for training data. Based on testing data, for a small lead better used Bayesian Neural Network.


Education, motivation and compensation are important things that can improve performance. This study aims to explain whether there is an influence of education, motivation and compensation on employee performance. So that through the results of this study it is expected to be a reference for leaders in managing the organization. In this study there are three independent variables namely education, motivation and compensation and one dependent variable is employee performance. At present it is in the era of industrial revolution 4.0, which is marked by; big data / giant data, internet of think, labor knowledge, and long life education. Since the beginning of the life of mankind to an infinite period, it is largely determined by the mastery of science and technology. Science and technology can not be separated from the progress of education level. Education is the base of all changes both individually, as well as countries. Employee performance is determined by the education that is owned, as high as education, the higher the performance and vice versa. The population in this study are BRI CAB employees, SEMARANG A-YANI, 60 people and all of them are sampled. The results of the analysis using SPSS 23 program statistical tools obtained multiple linear regression equation Y = 0.505 X1 + 0.175 X2 + 0.408 X3 The results of multiple linear regression equations show that there is a positive and significant influence between education on employee performance at BRI CAB. A YANI SEMARANG (t count test 6.314> t table 0.05), motivation towards employee performance at BRI CAB. A YANI SEMARANG (tcount 2,160> t table 0,05), and compensation for employee performance at BRI CAB. A YANI SEMARANG (t test 5.108> ttable 0.05). While together (simultaneously) the influence of education, motivation and compensation has an effect on and significant on the performance of employees at BRI CAB. A YANI SEMARANG (count = 44,692> ftabel = 0.05). The influence of the two research variables is very strong with a correlation value of 69.0% for employee performance at BRI CAB. A YANI SEMARANG is influenced by the motivation and compensation education of the remaining 31.0% of the employees' performance at BRI CAB. A YANI SEMARANG is influenced by other variables that affect employee performance.


To make family planning program perfected improve the quality of family planning service to increase the contraceptive use rate and use-effectiveness rate among migrants an overall survey on the current birth control situation of female migrants of child-bearing age was conducted by Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research (SIPPR) during Feb. 16 1990 to Apr. 3 1998. The results showed 68.10% female migrants used IUD; 23.60% used sterilization; oral pills and others were occupied about 4.20% and 4.00% respectively. The total contraceptive rate among female migrants in Shanghai was 88.7%. Among the married female migrants there were 94.3% women who were satisfied with the current contraceptive methods. Women with different contraceptive methods had different level of satisfaction (P = 0.001). The level of satisfaction on sterilization and IUD were beyond that of other contraceptive methods. The results indicated that 17.5% women got the contraceptive knowledge from hospitals 46.2% from family planning cadres 22.6% from books magazines and newspapers 8.3% from friends; The popularity of emergent contraception is quite lower only 9% of all subjects had heard of the emergency contraceptive. There were 80.7% and 49.8% married female migrants on reproductive age who wanted to be further provided family planning information education and service respectively (The project was funded by the State Family Planning Committee). (authors)


Harmonic source quantitative location can not simply be achieved by the severity of load harmonic distortion at the point of common coupling (PCC) because the tested harmonic at PCC contains the background harmonic and the harmonic of given customer emission. Harmonics in distribution system are caused mainly by nonlinear loads. In view of this, a harmonic location method based on the nonlinearity index (NLI) of loads is proposed. In this method, the real parameters of loads are calculated by using the time domain model, and the linear parameters of loads are obtained by removing residual error. The nonlinearity index is calculated to evaluate the harmonic emission level. The simulation and the practical engineering results indicate that the proposed method is valid and feasible.


THE TERMINATION OF the Indochinese wars ushered in a new, more complex pattern of regional international relations in Southeast Asia. Although the general framework of the eventual political outcome had been anticipated by the non-Communist states (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Singapore) grouped together in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), the abrupt violence and totality of the transfers of power in South Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia were not expected.' The Nixon doctrine and the Paris Accords had already impelled the ASEAN elites to reappraise their own positions within the changing regional distribution of power. The notion of the "domino theory," conceived by some to mean the automatic and sequential collapse of the non-Communist states in the wake of a Communist victory in Vietnam, was explicitly rejected. Global, regional, and domestic interactions and events, however, have created a new international reality in Southeast Asia which cannot be ignored. In response to a new sense of urgency and potential danger, inherent in that reality, ASEAN nations are attempting to vitalize a coherent economic, political, and military strategy. The general outline of the new international reality is fixed by objective changes in the quality of great-power links to the region. These changes are reinforced by differing indigenous judgements about their significance. Mrost acutely, the outcome of the war in Vietnam, a


In order to explore the effects of long-term fertilizer on the soil nutrient and enzyme activity under different fertilizer application strategies,the soil enzyme and nutrient content were analyzed in the yellow clayey.The results showed that different fertilization regimes(fertilizer,fertilizer+ cattle manure,fertilizer + straw) could significantly increase the contents of organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium by 19.5%~47.1%,20.6%~47.9%,36.7%~499.0% and 55.8%~80.0% respectively.Similarly,the soil urease,hydrogen peroxidase,invertase and phosphatase activities were increased by 10.3%~28.6% respectively.In addition,enzyme activities of soil were significantly related to soil nutrients.The results of correlation analysis showed that the activity of soil enzyme could be used as the biological index of soil fertility properties and quality.


One of the more intriguing subjects in neuroscience is how a precursor or stem cell is induced to differentiate into a neuron. Neurogenesis begins early in brain development and suddenly becomes a very intense process, which is related with the influence of Retinoic Acid. Here, using a biological test (F9-1.8 cells) in chick embryos, we show that "in vivo" embryonic cerebrospinal fluid regulates mesencephalic-rombencephalic Isthmic Retinoic Acid synthesis and this effect has a direct influence on mesencephalic neuroepithelial precursors, inducing a significant increase in neurogenesis. This effect is mediated by the Retinol Binding Protein present in the embryonic cerebrospinal fluid. The knowledge of embryonic neurogenetic stimulus could be useful in the control of adult brain neurogenesis.


However, the paper seems to hover indecisively between those three foci, and with that fails to make a real impact in any of them. I understand that the presented study is a model application, with the model itself being described in another publication by the senior author. As such, I do not expect this manuscript to focus on question (3). Nevertheless, the conclusions do make this claim (e.g., "combines the best globally available data with a broad and deep understanding of hydrological processes"). At best, the claim is unsubstantiated without a more through description of the model, and at worst a bit grandiloquent. Furthermore, claims that calibration is not necessary and that physical relations will hold in the future (p.570) are extremely controversial in hydrological modelling, and would also need careful justification. Several studies have for instance shown the large uncertainties and potential errors in remotely sensed data for that region (see e.g., Condom et al., 2011, Ward et al., 2011, Clarke et al., 2011). Similarly, representing hydrological processes is fraught with difficulties because of the dominance of poorly known hydrological processes such as groundwater (as also mentioned in the review of Christopher Scott, but see also for instance Zulkafli et al., 2012) and large-scale Amazonian wetlands that provide potentially very large and longterm storage (e.g., Guimberteau et al., 2012). In short, I fully agree that the use of satellite data and global model structures is a very sensible in data scarce reginos, and can be useful as a first order estimation of hydrological behaviour. But this of course can entail big uncertainties and risks, which makes that the abovementioned claims need better support. For an introduction in some of the controversies related to the topic see the WRR commentary of Wood et al. (2011) and subsequent discussion initiated by Beven and Cloke (2011)). Again, this may well be beyond the scope of the project, but if so this needs to be reflected in the conclusions.


The effect of cardioversion of atrial fibrillation to normal sinus rhythm on systolic time intervals was evaluated in 18 patients. Variable results in the left ventricular ejection time index, the external isovolumic contraction time (EICT), and the ratio of the left ventricular ejection time over the EICT (LVET/EICT) and shortening of the preejection period (PEP) (P


The disclosed acrylate-organosilicon -epoxy resin is prepared by butyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl beta-methacrylate, maleic acid, KH570 and KH550, ethyl silicate, and epoxy resin E44; wherein, is applies ethyl acetate as solvent, azo-bis-iso-butyronitrile as initiator, and selects free radical copolymerization and sol-gel method. This organic/inorganic hybridized material has well transparency and thermal stability and fit to site protection.


Earlier investigations have demonstrated how a quasiperiodic orbit in a three-dimensional smooth map can bifurcate into a quasiperiodic orbit with two disjoint loops or into a quasiperiodic orbit of double the length in the shape of a Mobius strip. Using a three-dimensional piecewise smooth (PWS) normal form map, we show that in a piecewise smooth system, in addition to the mechanisms reported earlier, new pathways of creation of tori with multiple loops may result from border collision bifurcations. We also illustrate the occurrence of multiple attractor bifurcations due to the interplay between the stable and the unstable manifolds. Two techniques of analyzing bifurcations of ergodic tori are available in literature: the second Poincare section method and the Lyapunov bundle method. We have shown that these methods can explain the period-doubling and double covering bifurcations in PWS systems, but fail in some cases — especially those which result from nonsmoothness of the system. We have shown that to...


The book's themes grew out of the author's experience with a cottonwood tree he calls Grandfather. As the pattern unfolds in the chapters, he shows how twelve teachers in the natural world might be used as spiritual guides through the four stages of one's life—as child, adolescent, adult, and elder. These teachers are now facing an overwhelming threat—due to climate change, habitat destruction, the use of pesticides and herbicides. They call us to a celebration of all that still lives—and to a language of lament that gives birth to action. The author reminds readers that we're part of a community engaged in a vast conversation, but we deny our role in it. The earth yearns to teach us languages we didn't even know existed.


Profibrogeneic cytokines contribute to the accumulation of myofibroblasts in the lung interstitium in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Imatinib mesylate, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor specific for Abl, platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) and c-Kit tyrosine kinases, has been shown to inhibit fibrosis and profibrotic signaling in mouse models of inflammation-mediated lung reactions. The authors tested imatinib mesylate in vivo in a mouse model of crocidolite asbestos-induced progressive fibrosis. The ability of imatinib mesylate to inhibit profibrogeneic cytokine-induced human pulmonary fibroblast migration was tested in vitro and the expression of its target protein tyrosine kinases was assessed with immunofluorescence. In vivo, 10 mg/kg/day imatinib mesylate inhibited histological parenchymal fibrosis and led to a decrease in collagen deposition, but had no significant effect on asbestos-induced neutrophilia. However, 50 mg/kg/day imatinib mesylate did not inhibit collagen deposition. In vitro, IPF fibroblasts expressed Abl, PDGFR-α, PDGF-β, but not c-Kit, and 1 µM imatinib mesylate inhibited profibrogeneic cytokine-induced IPF fibroblast migration. These results suggest that imatinib mesylate is a potential and specific inhibitor of fibroblast accumulation in asbestos-induced pulmonary fibrosis.


Shaking table tests were performed on four kinds of geosynthetic interfaces. Smooth geomembrane, nonwoven geotextile, and GCL(Geosynthetic clay liner) were used in experimental tests. During the tests, the acceleration of upper and lower box and relative displacement of upper box were measured. The dynamic friction angle was calculated by measuring the yield acceleration of each interface, and the influences of normal stress, frequency of excitation, and dry/wet condition were investigated, too.


We give an introduction to the principles of neutronand X-ray scattering. After a short layout of the kinematical complementarity, we discuss in some detail the elementary interaction of these probes with a sample. Based on the different nature of the coupling of these probes to the various degrees of freedom in the sample we then emphasize the dynamical complementarity.


Present a method for calculating a time offset and the feel of the device less than a base station, said base station comprises imperceptible restricted communicating with mobile stations or base station not in communication with the mobile station. Using non-transmission time from the received carrier base station almanac information to calculate the offset of the imperceptible time offset of the base station. Also calculated the mobile device at a location offset from a first time at a second location between the serving base station. The time offset is less than the feel of using a base station may then transmit time of said base station on the received offset and said moving means and said time offset between the serving base station is calculated . Use of mobile devices to build the non-carrier base station almanac, the mobile device receives notification from the operator's location server Observed Time Difference OTDOA assistance data server to a non-operator position.


Project management of nanded city encompasses the preparation of plans for and the regulation and management of towns, cities, and metropolitan regions. it is concerned with the social, economic, and environmental consequences of delineating spatial boundaries and influencing spatial distributions of resources. Small towns are faced with the challenges of decaying infrastructure and declining economic activities with more and more people making a living in towns it becomes a challenging to plan for their housing transport, water and other essential services. This high level training program is gathering of professionalize in both private and public sectors and other key personal in small town regeneration projects


We have been developing a ground-based lightning and AWS network system under the projects of a SATREPS “ULAT” and e-ASIA in order to realize precise real-time monitoring and issuing alert for torrential rainfall and typhoon extreme based on international cooperation among Japan, Philippines, Indonesia and other SE-Asian countries supported by JST, JICA, PHL-Microsat and other funding. The intensification of lightning activity is precursor of typhoon growth. In these projects, we are constructing ground-based lightning and AWS—automated weather station—network system with 12 sites for VLF radio wave measurement in nation-wide of Philippines and with 50 sites for electrostatic field measurement in Metro Manila together with infrasound sensor. We are going to complete the installation of the sensors at most of the planned ~60 sites by the end of this year. We already started with installed sensors and achieved preliminary results for typhoon and thunderstorm measurement. We are also doing practice in operating our micro-satellite which can make rapid target pointing at high accuracy. Using the photos captured from the satellite, now we can reproduce the detailed 3-D structure of the cloud at best quality even compared to the latest radar system.


T his is a response to "A Pastoral Care Lesson from a Veterinarian," by Paul E. Boatman, which appeared in the Fall 1992 issue of The Journal ofPastoral Care. Like Professor Boatman, I have routinely received more skillful pastoral care and greater empathy from veterinarians than I have from pastors, chaplains, or physicians. I, too, have puzzled over the "uncanny compassion" of those who care for animals. Boatman suggests that the roots of such "uncanny compassion" lie in the fact that veterinarians and other animal care takers are "inevitably animal lovers," and suggests that only when chaplains and pastors become "lovers of people" will the quality of our pastoral care approach that of animal doctors. I feel that however flawed our motives for entering the ministry may be, there is probably at least a measure of love for people (or at the least a degree of curiosity about people) among those motives for most of us, and I suggest that the differences between those who care professionally for animals and those who care professionally for people may lie elsewhere. From my observation I have found that veterinarians are consistently empathic listeners and skillful questioners. Their patients cannot speak, and so they must be adroit at eliciting information from their clients. Secondly, animal patients are more physically attractive and more emotionally responsive and appealing than many human patients. My experience has been that those who love animals and have a special rapport with them often have a more creation-centered spirituality rooted in a different sense of relatedness to the universe, and are more accepting and less sentimental about the realities of life and death than are many persons in the ministry. It may be that we can learn much about our own profession from them. -Barbara D. Henderson, M.Th. Chaplain, Los Alamos Medical Center PO Box 3917 Los Alamos, NM 87544


In wireless packet networks, fair scheduling algorithms originally devised for wireline networks should be adapted to deal with bursty and location-dependent wireless channel errors. We present WGPS (Wireless General Processor Sharing) as a wireless fair scheduling and PWGPS (Packetized Wireless General Processor Sharing) as a packet scheduling algorithm realizing WGPS. WGPS is an extension of GPS (Generalized Processor Sharing), the fair scheduling in wired networks, and operates differently from GPS only when there is any flow suffering channel errors. While a flow is in burst error state, the flow is excluded from scheduling and the other flows that have a good channel for transmission are scheduled according to their service shares. In return for the lost service, the flow having suffered burst error state is compensated by increasing its service share by a prescribed amount when its channel has recovered. PWGPS approximates WGPS by serving packets in the order of service finish times as determined by WGPS.


This study aimed to identify and analyze the influence of the price, social effects and personal influence on purchasing decisions among the consumer of SPECS brand futsal shoes in Pontianak. This study was designed as an explanatory research. The population of this study are consumer in Pontianak who use and know various information about the SPECS brand futsal shoes by print media, electronic media or social interaction. This study was using purposive sampling, then elected a sample size 100 respondents were recorded in 2014. The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis by SPSS version 16.0. The results based on multiple linier regression analysis showed that price, social and personal effects of influence to the futsal shoes's purchase decisions in the SPECS brand consumers in Pontianak, with a significance value of 0.000 and R2 value of 66.3%, while the rest amounted  33.7% were other factors which are not examined in this study. Keywords : price, social effects, personal influence, and purchase decision


e13118 Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), especially ipilimumab (ipi) and nivolumab (nivo), have received approvals from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of multiple tumor types. These medications have shown great promise in the treatment of several malignancies but are associated with immune-related adverse events. This study was undertaken to better understand the patterns of adverse events following different ICIs. Methods: We used the World Health Organization (WHO) Vigiaccess Database, the largest adverse events reporting database, to identify, summarize, and report adverse drug events (AE) attributed to ipi and nivo. The database contains reports for ipi beginning in 2008 and for nivo beginning in 2012. We manually extracted the data from the database and conducted Chi-square tests to examine the difference in occurrence of AEs in various organ systems between patients receiving ipi and nivo. The five most common organ systems affected by AE associated with ipi and nivo were identified. Results: AEs were reported in 15,504 ipi users and 21,306 nivo users. Ipi users reported significantly higher AEs in gastrointestinal system compared to nivo users (p < 0.0001). Conversely, nivo users reported significantly higher AEs in respiratory disorders (p < 0.0001), skin and subcutaneous tissue organ systems (p = 0.0001), and neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (p < 0.0001) compared to ipi users. Conclusions: To our knowledge this is the largest study on reported AEs following ipi and nivo. The patterns of treatment-related AEs differed significantly for these two immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies. Further studies are required to guide treatment selection.[Table: see text]


The effects of adding the cationic polymers poly-diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride(PDMDAAC) and poly-diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride-propylene acyl amine(PDMDAAC-AM) on the rate of ink absorption,the definition and water fastness of ink-jet recording materials have been studied.The results showed that the ink-jet recording performance was optimized when the amount of PDMDAAC and PDMDAAC-AM was 0.4 mL per 10 mL coating material.The ink-jet recording performance with added PDMDAAC-AM was found to be superior to that with added PDMDAAC, the rate of the ink absorption being 13 times faster,the definition being enhanced by 0.76% and the water fastness significantly improved.This can be explained by comparing SEM micrographs of the different coatings.


Surgical induction of labour was performed on 80 patients under epidural analgesia and on 73 patients without any analgesia. The difference between the two groups, with respect to the patient's assessment of discomfort, is highily significant (P


Cache memory systems consume a significant portion of static and dynamic power consumption in processors. Similarly, the access latency through the cache memory system significantly impacts the overall processor performance. Several techniques have been proposed to tackle the individual power or performance. However, almost all trade off performance for power or vice versa. We propose a novel scheme that improves performance while reducing both static and dynamic power with minimal area overhead. Our proposed scheme reduces dynamic power by using a hash-based mechanism to minimize the number of cache lines read during program execution. This is achieved by identifying and not reading those that are guaranteed non-matches (i.e., cache misses) to a new access. Performance improvement occurs when all cache lines of a referenced set are determined non-matches to the requested address, and therefore skip a few cache pipe stages as guaranteed misses. Static power savings is achieved by exploiting in-flight cache access information to deterministically lower the power state of cache lines that are guaranteed not to be accessed in the immediate future. These techniques easily integrate into existing cache architectures and were evaluated using widely known CAD tools and benchmarks. We have observed up to 92, 17, and 2 percent improvements in performance, static, and dynamic power, respectively, with less than 3 percent area overhead.


Abstract : The paper presents some interesting and instructive models for determining optimal emission abatement for different categories of emitters under somewhat restrictive assumptions and a useful summary of some of the more recent literature on air pollution abatement strategy. (Author)


In We model the third-order material susceptibility $\overleftrightarrow \chi $[3] in silicon waveguides for integrated optics. Analysis of four- wave mixing in these waveguides requires an in-depth study of material nonlinearity - in contrast to modeling light propagation in fibers with the optical nonlinear Schrödinger equation. We include electronic and atomic lattice (Raman) responses of the material and present a relatively easy-to-use representation of the material susceptibility.


A multifocus image fusion method using orthogonal moments is presented. The focus measure is based in the compute of Zernike and Harmonic moments of an image function. The algorithm divides the input images into blocks and evaluate the contrast of each block. From this, the boundaries between focused and defocused regions have been determined. The method selects the better focused regions to create the final focused image. The method is based on orthogonal basis functions, which are used as moment weighting kernel. Fusion results show that, Zernike-Fourier moments can achieve a high quality fusion. However, Harmonics moments achieve a good fusion with a simple average of moments.


In this study, the structural transformation phenomenon and its determinants, which are of great importance for economic growth and development, are examined by panel data analysis. For this purpose, the structural transformation that occurred between 1970-2017 in 19 selected developed and 24 developing countries is analysed through the calculated Structural Transformation Index. It is determined that the structural transformation index values in the developing countries are higher than the developed country values. Then, Panel Data Analysis is applied to country groups to determine the impact of determinants of structural transformation on structural transformation. As a result of Driscoll-Kraay estimation, it is observed that the impact of foreign trade and population in developed countries is positive and life expectancy at birth is negative. The effects of variables of gross domestic product per capita and globalization on structural transformation are found to be statistically insignificant. In developing countries, the negative impact of foreign trade and the positive and meaningful effect of gross domestic product per capita are observed, while other variables are determined to be insignificant. Finally, an asessment is made on a country basis with the Common Correlated Effect Mean Group Estimator.


Supervision has been called the "signature pedagogy" of psychology (Barnett, Cornish, Goodyear, & Lichtenberg, 2007) and presents significant opportunities for learning and skill enhancement. NASP recognizes supervision as a distinct professional competency area consisting of a specific set of knowledge, skills, and attitudes (Falender & Shafranske, 2004; Harvey & Struzziero, 2008; National Association of School Psychologists [NASP], 2014). Supervisors should be knowledgeable about the science of supervision and skillful in its practice, as well as competent and experienced in the delivery of school psychological services, in order to: (a) promote adherence to high professional and ethical standards, (b) ensure the delivery of appropriate, evidence-based services to children and youth, and (c) provide opportunities for constructive reflection and evaluation.


In this paper, we describe how field linguists can use the WordsEye Linguistics Tool (WELT) to study endangered languages. WELT is a tool under development for eliciting endangered language data and formally documenting a language, based on WordsEye (Coyne and Sproat, 2001), a text-to-scene generation tool that produces 3D scenes from text input. First, a linguist uses WELT to create elicitation materials and collect language data. Next, he or she uses WELT to formally document the language. Finally, the formal models are used to create a textto-scene system that takes input in the endangered language and generates a picture representing its meaning.


This tutorial is intended to provide a basic overview of plasma catalysis, which is considered an emerging branch of plasma processing. This highly versatile technique can provide not only a route to produce highly specialized materials such as semiconductors and nanostructures at mild conditions, but it can open new pathways towards the decentralized production of several specialty chemicals such as ammonia, by pairing this technology with renewable electricity sources. Moreover, plasma catalysis offers the advantages of one pot ultra-fast reactions with minimal waste production as compared to traditional wet chemistry synthesis techniques. However, in order to completely exploit the full potential of plasma catalysis, a strong fundamental understanding of the effects of plasma on catalyst, catalyst on plasma and its synergism should be gained. This is a prospect that can be achieved by a multidisciplinary knowledge of the phenomena occurring at the plasma gas phase and at the interphase plasma-catalyst. Here in, first principles of plasma catalysis are presented. The main goal of this brief tutorial is to transmit to the scientists willing to explore this research area, the main characteristics that make this plasma research field so promising as a sustainable route to solve current energy and environmental challenges.


The vulnerability of the system to changes is an additional factor that is often taken into account in risk analysis. Usually this assessment takes into account only two elements – probability and consequences of an event. The study attempts to assess the vulnerability of vascular aquatic plant communities to the qualitative and quantitative changes as a result of regulatory works in a river bed. The aim of the paper is to assess the possibility of using biological indicators, commonly used in assessing the status of aquatic ecosystems, as indicators of the vulnerability of analyzed communities. These are: the number of plant species, the degree of their bottom coverage, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Pielou evenness index and ecological status. Field studies were carried out in growing seasons from 2008–2014 in small and medium-sized lowland watercourses in Lower Silesia. The field study included an inventory of vascular aquatic plants. Based on the results of the research, values of biological indicators were calculated and statistical analysis (cluster analysis and Spearman's rank correlation) were performed. On this basis it was found that the number of aquatic plants species and diversity index may be indicators of the vulnerability of plant communities to the changes as a result of river regulation.


In this paper, the author discusses the effect and the main contents of Agree ment on trade related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights and General Agreement on Trade in Service, and points out the Influence on the deveiopment of the Chinese Library cause.


We design an As2S3 tapered photonic crystal fiber for mid-infrared supercontinuum generation. More than three octave spanning spectrum is generated in 8 mm-long taper with low input pulse energy of 100 pJ at 4.7 µm.


The aim of this paper is to study the status of women after they are married and in particular their rights to maintenance in Malaysia. With the enforcement of the Law Reform (Marriage and Divorce) Act 1976 on the 1st March 1982, various statutory provisions are laid down for their maintenance whereas previously one has mainly to resort to case law for guidance. This paper concerns solely with the non-muslim married women. Malaysia, in keeping with the trend going around the world, to review family law, has passed the Law Reform (Marriage and Divorce) Act 1976, which made great changes in the law pertaining to marriage and divorce. Under the Law Reform (Marriage and Divorce) Act 1976, polygamous marriage are prohibited thereby making it illegal for a man to take a second wife while the first marriage is in existence. The second wife will not be a wife in the eyes of law but a mistress and as such do not enjoy the rights conferred by law on the first wife like maintenance, division of joint property and many others. However if the marriage is contracted before the enforcement of the Law Reform (Marriage and Divorce) Act 1976, it will not affect the position of the second wife.


Aims Potential loss-of-function variants of ATP13A3, the gene encoding a P5B-type transport ATPase of undefined function, were recently identified in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients. ATP13A3 is implicated in polyamine transport but its function has not been fully elucidated. Here, we sought to determine the biological function of ATP13A3 in vascular endothelial cells and how PAH-associated mutations may contribute to disease pathogenesis. We also generated mice harbouring an Atp13a3 variant analogous to a human disease-associated variant to establish whether these mice develop PAH. Methods and Results We studied the impact of ATP13A3 deficiency and overexpression in endothelial cell (EC) models (human pulmonary ECs, blood outgrowth ECs (BOECs) and HMEC-1 cells), including a PAH patient-derived BOEC line harbouring an ATP13A3 variant (LK726X). ATP13A3 localised to the recycling endosomes of human ECs. Knockdown of ATP13A3 in ECs generally reduced the basal polyamine content, consistently reduced putrescine uptake, and altered the expression of enzymes involved in polyamine metabolism. Conversely, overexpression of wild-type ATP13A3 increased polyamine uptake, with an overall preference of putrescine > spermidine > spermine. Functionally, loss of ATP13A3 was associated with reduced EC proliferation, increased apoptosis in serum starvation and increased monolayer permeability to thrombin. Assessment of five PAH-associated missense ATP13A3 variants (L675V, M850I, V855M, R858H, L956P) confirmed loss-of-function phenotypes represented by impaired polyamine transport and dysregulated EC function. Furthermore, mice carrying a heterozygous germ-line Atp13a3 frameshift variant representing a human mutation spontaneously developed a PAH phenotype, with increased pulmonary pressures, right ventricular remodelling and muscularisation of pulmonary vessels. Conclusion We identify ATP13A3 as a polyamine transporter, deficiency of which leads to EC dysfunction and predisposes to PAH. This suggests a need for targeted therapies to alleviate the imbalances in polyamine homeostasis and EC dysfunction in PAH. Translational perspective Rare missense ATP13A3 disease-associated variants have been identified in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), though their pathogenicity has not been confirmed as the function of ATP13A3 is not known. We have identified ATP13A3 as a polyamine transporter, showing that ATP13A3 deficiency impaired polyamine homeostasis and uptake, and drove endothelial dysfunction. Conversely, overexpression increased polyamine uptake and rescued the proapoptotic phenotype of cells harbouring a disease-associate variant. Mice heterozygous for a disease-associated Atp13a3 mutation spontaneously develop PAH. These findings support the rationale for exploring dysregulated polyamine homeostasis in PAH and suggest a potential for therapeutic targeting of polyamine pathways in PAH.


This book is a reference guide to understanding Java, server issues, and network benefits. Readers will learn the ins and outs of Java so that they can create, access, and support compelling, dynamic, and interactive Web content with Netscape 2.0.-- Provides information on server administration for Netscape 2.0 and Java-- Lists Netscape 2.0 HTML additions-- CD-ROM includes JavaScript examples from the text and the Sun Java Developer's Kit


Off-line programming system of welding robot used inboiler is studied. Characteristics of boiler and its coordinates of complexspaced weld are eatched in the system. The paths and positions of torchare layed out. The environments such as boiler are built, aecording to therobot language format. The robot program is built by the system automati-cally. Simulation of boiler welded by sk6 robot are performed. It provedthe system is available.


Drift waves in a cylindrical plasma column with an exponential density profile have a Bessel function mode structure and are linearly unstable because of finite Larmor radius effects. In the presence of a lower hybrid eigenmode pump, these modes suffer a nonlinear frequency upshift because of the ponderomotive force and tend to be stabilized when k0z>kz.


Purpose - – The purpose of this paper is to discuss a unique principal–agent dilemma, one that is very much off the beaten track. The relationship of the Popes pre-1500 and God was one full of emptiness and strain. The Catholic Church was saved by a positive externality of the printing press (technology) that guided the Papacy to act more ethically and, thus, we presume in the best interest of God. Design/methodology/approach - – We utilize a historical and an economic analysis to probe the phenomenon that the goals of the principal and the agent are not always congruent. How the former entices the latter to do his bidding is an issue on which economists have long focused. We apply it to an unusual historical episode. Findings - – There were numerous corrupt popes during the medieval times of the Catholic Church and the number seemed to lessen and then even approach zero asymptotically after the printing press was invented. The Protestant reformation was a driving force, and this too, we argue, would have been nearly impossible were it not also for the printing press. Originality/value - – This is a contribution to the economic subfield of the economics of religion. It explores how the dismal science can make a contribution to our understanding of matters of faith. It looks at religion not from a theological point of view, the more usual departure, but from the perspective of economics.


Adolescents that experience parental cancer can have significant difficulties and may be at a greater risk of emotional and behavioural problems; however, some studies have found that this experience can also be empowering and can promote positive growth. Open communication specifically has been associated with coping and less psychological distress in adolescents experiencing parental cancer.


Providing a bicycle auxiliary unit which is of reducing the load which is applied to mechanical elements / is capable when the mechanical elements disengage from the ring gear. A bicycle auxiliary unit comprising a planetary gear mechanism comprises a plurality of ring gears; a transmission unit comprises a rotation restricting mechanism for selectively restricting rotation of a ring gear of said plurality of ring gears, and to which the rotation of the crankshaft is transmitted / is comprising; and an auxiliary motor, wherein a second drive force / is the part of the auxiliary motor to a first driving force which is starting output from the transmission unit at a power transmission path between an output unit of the transfer unit and the front sprocket added / is.


Avoiding linkage drag of the resistance genes will facilitate the use of gene resources for rice breeding. This study was conducted to confirm the avoidance of linkage drag due to Pi26 and Pi25 blast resistance genes, and to analyze the association of Pi26, Pi25, Pib and Pita with quantitative trait loci (QTL) for yield traits. A recombinant inbred line population was derived from an indica rice cross Dan 71/Zhonghui 161. A linkage map consisting of 1219 bin markers, 22 simple sequence repeats and five gene markers was constructed. A total of 75 QTL were identified, including 2 for leaf blast resistance and 73 for eight yield traits. The two QTL for blast resistance were closely linked and located in the Pi26 and Pi25 regions, explaining 69.06 and 12.73% of the phenotypic variance, respectively. In a region covering Pi26 and Pi25, QTL were detected for grain yield and its key components. The alleles for enhancing blast resistance and grain yield were all from Dan 71. Not only was the linkage drag due to Pi26 and Pi25 avoided, but the results also indicate that these resistance genes may be used for simultaneously enhancing blast resistance and grain yield in rice. In the Pib and Pita regions, QTL was not detected for blast resistance, but was for yield traits. In each region, the allele for improving trait performance was derived from the parent carrying the resistance allele. In addition, four QTL clusters for grain weight and size, qGL4/qGW4.1, qGL11.2/qRLW11, qTGW11/qGW11 and qGL12/qGW12/qRLW12, were shown to be promising candidates for map-based cloning.


A 21 kW ground source heat pump (GSHP) operating since 2013 in Alaska is described in this paper. Six years of successful operation in an extreme climate and measured performance data from 2013 to 2017 prove the viability of heat pumps for extreme cold regions. Summary of performance evaluation data such as monthly electric energy use and cost, savings of the heat pump system compared to the cost of heating oil, energy extracted from the ground, heat delivered to building are tabulated by months. The coefficient of performance (COP) of the heat pump is calculated from the experimental data, which show the COP to vary from a maximum value of 4.15 to a minimum value of 2.34 depending on the heating load of the month and the ground temperature. Cost comparison shows savings by heat pump over regular heating oil boilers of 80% efficiency. In cold regions it is of concern that GSHP can create frozen ground or permafrost around the ground heat exchanger coil by extracting too much heat from the ground. A finite element heat conduction simulation performed over the ground heat exchanger coil spanning over a 30-year period shows that small volumes of frozen ground form around the coil each season, but they melt away during the summer by the recharge of heat from the solar heat gain. The mechanical system of the heat pump, sensors for measurements and cost of the system components are presented, which would be valuable to designers implementing heat pumps in various locations of the world.


What is the impact on research and innovation of the transition to a market economy in Bulgaria? On the basis of an overview of the science system in Bulgaria and its structural characteristics, this paper discusses the outcomes of the restructuring of research and innovation in the country. The main findings of the recently finished project on regional innovation activity confirm that the process of re-integration of the key actors in a national innovation system is still in its initial stage. The improvement of the situation at policy level is related to the measures that are envisaged in the recently adopted innovation strategy and the strategy for research. Copyright , Beech Tree Publishing.


Condensation of anthranilamide and its derivatives with various 1,3-cyclohexanediones 5a, b or 2,4-pentanediones under acidic conditions produced a variety of heterocycles, leading to the synthesis of tetrahydropyrido[2,1-b]-quinazolin-11-one derivatives. Condensation of anthranilamide with 5a or 5b in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid at the reflux temperature of tetrahydrofuran (THF) afforded compound 6a (40%) and compound 7a (22%) or compound 6b (47%) and compound 7b (39%), respectively. However, reflux of anthranilamide with 5a or 5b in 6% ethanolic hydrogen chloride provided compounds 6a and 6b in 77% and 73% yields, respectively. Heating 7a with 5a in 6% ethanolic hydrogen chloride furnished 6a in 82.4% yield. Reaction of anthranilamide with 5c under the same conditions resulted in the formation of 11 (57%). Treatment of compounds 6a and 6b with NaBH 4 furnished 8a,b (89, 87% yields), which were subsequently subjected to the Mitsunobu reaction to produce 6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-9-methyl-11H-pyrido[2,1-b]quinazolin-11-on (9a) and 6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-7,7,9-trimethyl-11H -pyrido[2,1-b]quinazolin-11-one (9b) in 56 and 72% yields, respectively. However, heating 14 with 15a in CH 3 CN in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid furnished 19 in 31% yield. Under similar conditions, treatment of 21 with 15a provided 23a (42.4% yield), a key intermediate for the synthesis of rutaecarpine. Analogous reaction of 21 with 15b, 15c and 5a provided 22b-d in 63-99.3% yield, respectively.


A new compound [(C10H10N2)(C10H9N2)(PMo12O40)]·(C10H8N2)2·7H2O was obtained by means of hydrothermal way.It was characterized as crystallizing in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/c,with a= 1.87700(16) nm,b= 1.40329(12) nm,c= 2.6543(2) nm,β= 105.4510(10)°,V=6.7386(10) nm3,Dc=2.539g/cm3,Z=2,Mr = 2576.12,μ(MoKα) = 2.290 mm-1,F(000)= 4960,R1=0.0548,wR2 =0.1342.The crystal structure shows that the title compound consists of one polyoxomatelate(PMo12O403-) with the Keggin structure,two 4,4′-bipyridine cations,two 4,4′-bipyridine molecules and seven water molecules.There are hydrogen bonds in the title compound.


In this paper we explore the problem of first escape from the disk. The part of the disk edge, i.e. the arc controlled by the angle ϕ, is absorbing. For an appropriate choice of parameters the mean first passage time (MFPT) is a non-monotonous function of the stability index α describing jumps' length asymptotics. The dependence of the MFPT on the stability index α is sensitive to the way in which the non-absorbing part of the disk edge is accounted for.


The purpose of this paper is to summarize the sense-and-avoid issue for Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) with respect to regulatory, political, technological, and experimental aspects of its development over the last seven years. In essence, sense-and-avoid is defined as "the ability to sense traffic, which may be a conflict, evaluate flight paths, determine traffic right-of-way, and maneuver to avoid other traffic." Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Order 7610.4K currently states that UAS "must provide an equivalent level of safety, as compared to see-and-avoid requirements for manned aircraft." The fundamental safety concern regarding UAS platforms is their inability to sense-and-avoid non-cooperative aircraft, or aircraft without an active transponder, such as balloons, gliders, and crop dusters. Regardless of this concern, industry and government demand for UAS operations in the U.S. National Airspace System (NAS) continues to rise, resulting in the FAA's issuance of over one hundred Certificates of Authorization (COA) within the last three years, which temporarily authorizes FAA-compliant UAS operations within a confined airspace.


Abstract : Traditionally, the same type of task analysis procedures has been used for all types of jobs. Recent changes in the workplace include the increased focus on the cognitive demands of tasks and the increased use of work teams to accomplish these tasks. Researchers have discussed the implications of these trends for task analysis procedures in organizations today. Cascio (1995) noted an organizational change away from task-based work to more of a process. Jobs are no longer defined by a limited number of tasks, requiring the employee to accomplish a range of tasks that may change over time. As a higher proportion of jobs are focusing on troubleshooting activities, cognitive task analysis may be more appropriate for identifying strategies involved in effective performance.


This paper is a review about mechanism of egg cholesterol deposition.Egg yolk cholesterol mainly come from yolk precursor-very low density lipoprotein(VLDL)and vitelline(VTG).The content of egg yolk cholesterol depends on the amount of VLDL transported into oocyte.Apolipoprotein-B(apo-B),apolipoprotein-II(apo-II)and oocyte receptor play very important roles in VLDL metabolism.It is very limited to reduce the content of egg cholesterol by modifying the laying hens diet.It is hopeful to reduce the content of egg cholesterol by modifying the gene expression of apo-II and VTG.


As current data communications backbone technology becomes outdated and unreliable, replacement technology must be investigated and installed. Fiber distributed data interface (FDDI) is such a replacement technology. The fundamental requirements of corporate network users are described, and how FDDI will address these needs is illustrated. The FDDI technology is discussed, in some detail, to aid network planners and administrators in equipment selection, network design, and implementation. Initial investment requirements, break-even analysis, and business needs are also discussed to justify the cost of managing and implementing a new infrastructure technology.<<ETX>>


This paper proposes a new algorithm for Distributed Generator placement and sizing in radial distribution system based on a novel index. The index is developed considering stable node voltages referred as power stability index (PSI). A new analytic approach is adopted to visualize the impact of DG losses, voltage profile, and voltage stability. The proposed method is tested on 12-bus and 69 bus radial systems.


Due to the economic recession resulting from low labor efficiency, a reduction in the number of the employable population and sanctions, constantly sending shock waves throughout the world community, Russian consumers have enhanced their consumption of staple foods, bakery products included. Overall production of bakery goods with a three-day shelf life has decreased, since neither minimum income consumers, that is, most of the population, nor retirement-age people can afford them. Conversely, production of shelf-stable low-moisture bakery goods has been increasing. (Crumb moistness is a regulated physicochemical parameter.) Bakery products are everyday goods. Being critical to the food sovereignty and security of the country, they are considered strategic goods. In view of this, the marketing activities of bakery goods manufacturers must accommodate state interests and be consistent with welfare policies. It is of particular importance today as the socio-economic and demographic conditions in Russia remain dire. According to the State Committee on Statistics of the Russian Federation (Goskomstat), about 40% of the country's population have income that is less than the minimum subsistence level, while the annual natural population decline amounted to 218,000 people. The current situation requires that the population be provided with affordable, high-quality bakery products and the interests of manufactures (i.e., profit-making) and society at large be factored in and balanced out. These challenges are met both abroad and somewhat in Russia by applying a concept of enlightened, socially responsible and ethical marketing on a large scale.


A kind of boron-silicon-modified ablative phenolic resin was synthesized based on boric acid and polyorganosiloxane synthesized.The Properties of synthesized phenolic resin were characterized by FT-IR,TGA and Oxygen Index(OI).The molecule structure of synthesized resin contained B—O and Si—O group,and showed high O—O methylene structure.The result shows that the synthesized resin has excellent heat-resistance and fire-retardation,residual weight is 79% at 800℃ and OI is 46.8%,which are higher than most thermosetting resins and thermoplastic resins.


The application of cosmetic substances such as: Vitamin E, Shea butter or Olive Oil on textile materials have varied. The goal of cosmetic textiles is to transfer substances such as these directly to the skin or scalp, therefore the efficacy of the method is of utmost importance. Consumers want a lasting, effective product. A consumer of cosmetic textiles wants to know that fiber properties are inherent in their garment or textile, and that they last (Nelson, 2002). Shea Butter and Olive Oil are two of the most sought after natural ingredients in the world. But how would consumers know that: 1) these ingredients have really been applied to these products? 2) product use will yield the stated results? The purpose of this study is to investigate the ingredients of the Qfitt Double Mesh Wrap product, to confirm that the natural ingredients cited on the packaging are present in measurable amounts.


• All children with congenital shunted hydrocephalus, with or without MMC, are at high risk of developing E/PP • In children without MMC the risk is comparable between the genders. • In those with MMC the risk is most marked in girls • The mechanism behind the later onset of puberty in boys with MMC should be further investigated OBJECTIVE To study the influence of MMC and gender on timing of puberty in children with increased intracranial pressure perinatally.


The partially integrated transport modeling (PITM) method [B. Chaouat and R. Schiestel, "A new partially integrated transport model for subgrid-scale stresses and dissipation rate for turbulent developing flows," Phys. Fluids 17, 065106 (2005)10.1063/1.1928607; R. Schiestel and A. Dejoan, "Towards a new partially integrated transport model for coarse grid and unsteady turbulent flow simulations," Theor. Comput. Fluid Dyn. 18, 443 (2005)10.1007/s00162-004-0155-z; B. Chaouat and R. Schiestel, "From single-scale turbulence models to multiple-scale and subgridscale models by Fourier transform," Theor. Comput. Fluid Dyn. 21, 201 (2007)10.1007/s00162-007-0044-3; B. Chaouat and R. Schiestel, "Progress in subgrid-scale transport modelling for continuous hybrid non-zonal RANS/LES simulations," Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow 30, 602 (2009)10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2009.02.021] viewed as a continuous approach for hybrid RANS/LES (Reynolds averaged Navier-Stoke equations/large eddy simulations) simulations with seamless cou...


This paper presents the design of an undergraduate pendulum feedback control project. The project is low-cost, significantly less expensive than commercially-available systems, and the project based upon it requires, and hence reinforces, substantive understanding of the physics and control-theoretic aspects of the problem in order for students to complete it. This paper presents the pedagogical purpose behind the project experience for the students and also many details of the physical design of the system and the software control system so that it will be straight-forward to replicate elsewhere.


Background: Levels fulfilling the seniority scheme and relevant isomers are commonly observed features in semimagic nuclei; for example, in Sn isotopes (Z=50). Seniority isomers in Sn, with dominantly pure neutron configurations, directly probe the underlying neutron-neutron (νν) interaction. Furthermore, an addition of a valence proton particle or hole, through neutron-proton (νπ) interaction, affects the neutron seniority as well as the angular momentum. Purpose: Benchmark the reproducibility of the experimental observables, like the excitation energies (EX) and the reduced electric-quadrupole transition probabilities [B(E2)], with the results obtained from shell-model interactions for neutron-rich Sn and Sb isotopes with N<82. Study the sensitivity of the aforementioned experimental observables to the model interaction components. Furthermore, explore from a microscopic point of view the structural similarity between the isomers in Sn and Sb, and thus the importance of the valence proton. Methods: The neutron-rich Sb122–131 isotopes were produced as fission fragments in the reaction Be9(U238, f) with 6.2 MeV/u beam energy. A unique setup, consisting of AGATA, VAMOS++, and EXOGAM detectors, was used which enabled the prompt-delayed γ-ray spectroscopy of fission fragments in the time range of 100 ns to 200μs. Results: New isomers and prompt and delayed transitions were established in the even-A Sb122–130 isotopes. In the odd-A Sb123–131 isotopes, new prompt and delayed γ-ray transitions were identified, in addition to the confirmation of the previously known isomers. The half-lives of the isomeric states and the B(E2) transition probabilities of the observed transitions depopulating these isomers were extracted. Conclusions: The experimental data was compared with the theoretical results obtained in the framework of large-scale shell-model (LSSM) calculations in a restricted model space. Modifications of several components of the shell-model interaction were introduced to obtain a consistent agreement with the excitation energies and the B(E2) transition probabilities in neutron-rich Sn and Sb isotopes. The isomeric configurations in Sn and Sb were found to be relatively pure. Furthermore, the calculations revealed that the presence of a single valence proton, mainly in the g7/2 orbital in Sb isotopes, leads to significant mixing (due to the νπ interaction) of (i) the neutron seniorities (υν) and (ii) the neutron angular momentum (Iν). The above features have a weak impact on the excitation energies, but have an important impact on the B(E2) transition probabilities. In addition, a constancy of the relative excitation energies irrespective of neutron seniority and neutron number in Sn and Sb was observed.


Stress has become the malady of our generation; don't let yourself follow the crowd. Instead draw upon your experience and instinct to carve your own path.


The Medical Journal of Australia ISSN: 0025729X 21 June 2010 192 12 676-677 ©The Medical Journal of Australia 2010 www.mja.com.au Editorials ing a complete history of a patient's acute illness an ing comorbidities, as well as his or her social and issues, represents the ideal standard of care. Obviou there are tensions between providing holistic care a of care to the patient and achieving the rapid turn in such units. Genetic markers and tests are increasingly ava 4 Family history has a role, but who should be responsible for exploring and recording it?


Due to the nature of direct and multiple reflected acoustical paths between microphone and speakers, the frequency of acoustic feedback in a public address(PA) system is unpredictable. The suppression of one particular feedback frequency will result occasionally in the occurrence of another acoustical feedback. The acoustical feedback frequencies of a PA system spread most of the audio range. The creation of feedback due to some perturbation in the media will regenerate and cause further increase of its amplitude. Acoustical feedback in a PA system is a periodic signal. Detection of the acoustical feedback is based on the measurement of time period in one cycle compared with another. A statistical measurement of the above detection must be observed in order to ensure the existence of the feedback signal. In this paper a detailed instrumentation of detecting acoustical feedback over the whole audio range and insertion of a tracking dynamic filter(1) will be described.


Objectives:A growing body of literature supports the view that experiences of psychotic symptoms or involuntary admission may act as traumatic events which cause post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Authors report three cases of postpsychotic (PP) PTSD developed in the course of schizophrenic illness. Methods:Clinician-administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for Schizophrenia (PANSS) were administered for evaluation of symptomatology. Results:Two cases represented PP/PTSD caused by psychotic symptoms, especially auditory and visual hallucination, and one case by forced involuntary admissions. All three cases met DSM-IV diagnostic criteria of PTSD. The severity was mild in the range of 48 to 51 by CAPS. Conclusion:PP/PTSD developed during or soon after psychotic episodes and persisted for as long as nine years. Clinicians working with individuals with psychotic disorders should keep in mind that some portion of their patients may suffer from lingering posttraumatic effect of psychotic episode -related experiences. (J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc 2007;46(1):87-92)


IT outsourcing has become the important way to improve and develop IT. But every step of IT outsourcing hides many kinds of risk, and hold-up puzzles users and slows the diffusion of IT Outsourcing. This paper studies the cause of hold-up in IT outsourcing, and discusses the contract design, which maximize IT project′s performance and mitigate hold-up.


Criteria weight inference is a crucial step for most of multi-criteria methods. However, criteria weights are often determined directly by the decision-maker (DM) which makes the results unreliable. Therefore, to overcome the imprecise weighting, we suggest the use of the preference programming technique. Instead of obtaining criteria weights directly from the DM, we infer them in a more objective manner to avoid the subjectivity and the unreliability of the results. Our aim is to elicit the ARAS-H criteria weights at each level of the hierarchy tree via mathematical programming, taking into account the DM's preferences. To put it differently, starting from preference information provided by the DM, we proceed to model our constraints. The ARAS-H method is an extension of the classical ARAS method for the case of hierarchically structured criteria. We adopt a bottom-up approach in order to elicit ARAS-H criteria weights, that is, we start by determining the elementary criteria weights (i.e. the criteria at the lowest level of the hierarchy tree). The solution of the linear programs is obtained using LINGO software. The main contribution of our criteria weight elicitation procedure is in overcoming imprecise weighting without excluding the DM from the decision making process. Keywords: Multiple Criteria Decision Aiding, preference disaggregation, ARAS-H, criteria weights, mathematical programming.


Up to now, oriented surface crystallization phenomena are discussed controversially, and related studies are restricted to few glasses. The vast majority of previous work does not consider possible effects of surface preparation and surrounding atmosphere. Moreover, very few observations of surface crystal orientation were made on separately grown crystals.
The aim of our project is to advance the basic understanding of oriented surface crystallization, e.g. whether preferred orientation of surface crystals results from oriented nucleation or reorientation mechanisms during early crystal growth. In both cases, crystal orientation may reflect the orientation of the glass surface or that of anisotropic active surface nucleation sites. Therefore, we focus on orientation of surface crystals separately growing under controlled conditions.
First results on diopside (MgCaSi2O6) and walstromite (BaCa2Si3O9) crystals growing from 18BaO·22CaO·60SiO2 and MgO·CaO·2SiO2 glass surfaces, respectively, indicate that different orientation mechanisms may occur.
Neighbored walstromite crystals were found to gradually reorient themselves when they are going to impinge each other during stepwise isothermal treatments (log η = 4,5 Pa*s) of polished glass samples. Nevertheless, no preferred crystal orientation was evident for separate crystals.
For diopside crystals growing from polished glass surfaces (1 μm diamond lapping foil), strong preferred orientation was observed for 3.5 to 85 min annealing at 850 °C. Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) studies showed that the c-axis of surface crystals is oriented parallel to the glass surface and that separated diopside crystals as small as 600 nm are already oriented. Studies on glass surfaces, polished with diamond lapping foils starting from 16 μm down to 1 μm grain, revealed that crystal orientation may scatter arround this preferential orientation and that this scatter progressively decreases with decreasing polishing grain size.


The civil aviation industry is in a High-speed development stage, security is the core content of the civil air transport safety management. Aircraft engine is called the heart of the aircraft, its performance af ects l ight safety directly. Useing a reasonable method to assess failure risk of engine plays an important role to improve the level of flight safety and develop the air transport industry. According to the theory of generalized linear regression, the generalized linear regression model is used to analysis failure risk of the engine during continued airworthiness in this article. The risk of engine failure assessment instance proved that this model is an accurate, ef ectiveviable security risk evaluation method.


Thermal stress in power semiconductor modules causes mechanical wear effects, which eventually lead to failure. A common approach to estimate the time to failure is to utilize power cycling tests. The results of these tests can not directly be transferred to real-life applications. In this paper, we propose a way to implement an on-line lifetime estimation in a dynamic electric vehicle simulation model. Results from power cycling tests are combined with simulation results of the application dependent temperature characteristics. They are processed using rainflow counting and Palmgren-Miners rule in order to calculate the progression of lifetime on-line. This information is fed back into the semiconductor simulation model.


We report a boy with a rare association of congenital anomalies including facial dysmorphism with a very large fontanel and cleft palate, thoracic deformity, right-sided aortic arch, hypoplastic genitals, abdominal wall hypoplasia and a very rare umbilical abnormality, previously unreported. All anomalies are positioned on the midline suggesting a midline ventral developmental field defect. Different diagnoses were considered in this patient, including the pentalogy of Cantrell and Donnai-Barrow syndrome. However, none can account for all the abnormalities seen.


An improved algorithm of underdetermined speech blind separation is proposed for the attenuation time-delay mixed model.The first step,according to the sparseness of independent voice sources in the time-frequency domain,attenuation matrix and time-delay matrix were Clustering estimated separately by using potential function method.Each voice source mixed matrix were determined by matching the two matrices.The second step,the target voice through the shortest path method was recovered basing on the estimated mixed matrix.In order to reduce the amount of calculation,time-frequency points with lesser energy which can be regarded as noise were set zero by setting threshold and segment clustering algorithm was proposed when clustered the attenuation matrix and time-delay matrix.Simulation results showed that similarity coefficient between the separated voice and source voice reached 0.96,0.97,0.93 and SNR gain were 12.66dB,12.86dB,8.87dB by using the algorithm in this paper.The amount of calculation was reduced to some extent as well.Feasibility and effectiveness of the algorithm were proved.


Traditionally, SQL is the main interface to access data from relational databases. However, it is difficult for inexperienced end users to learn the complicated syntax of SQL. Enabling keyword-based information retrieval over relational databases will allow users to acquire information from databases without any knowledge of SQL and the underlying database schema, just like the way of common search engines. This paper describes the design and implementation of SEEKER, a system supporting keyword-based information retrieval over relational databases. While there have been some existing systems that support searching text attributes in relational databases, SEEKER can also search database metadata and numeric attributes. Moreover, SEEKER employs an improved ranking function and supports Top-k queries. Experimental results show that SEEKER can achieve good retrieval performance.


Article is devoted to problems of normalization of influence on water objects in the Russian Federation. The basic problems in this area of normalization are: shortage of methodical development for an estimation of separate kinds of influence on water objects, absence of the account of the dispersed sources of pollution and the out-of-date principles of normalization of quality of water in water objects. The retrospective analysis of official sources on the given subjects has shown, that following to recommendations of many of existing documents is inconvenient, and at times and impracticable.


The changes in damping capacity with volume fractions of thermal and deformation-induced e marten-sites were compared and analyzed in an Fe-23%Mn alloy. The volume fraction of thermal e martensite increased with decreasing cooling temperature, whereas that of deformation-induced e martensite increased steeply up to 10% of cold rolling and nearly saturated in further cold rolling. In the case of thermal e martensite, the damping capacity increased linearly with the increase in e martensite content. For the deformation-induced e martensite, however, the damping capacity increased continuously up to 70% of e martensite, over which it decreased suddenly. TEM microstructures showed that the deterioration of damping capacity above 70% of deformation-induced e martensite is ascribed to the introduction of perfect dislocations, which play a important role in inhibiting the movement of damping sources such as stacking fault boundaries inside e martensite, e martensite variant boundaries and γ/e interfaces.


A piezo-plethysmograph [1] with calibrating mechanism was devised. With cold stimulus on the palm of a hand, strong vasomotor reflex was observed corresponding to the difference between the skin temperature and the temperature of stimulus. When the process of giving light stimulus 30 seconds before a cold one was repeated 29 times, vasomotor reflex was caused by light stimulus alone. Visible rays as well as infra-red rays exerted influence on vasomotor reflex. The wind had some more effect on vasomotor reflex other than physical cooling effect, and a strong reflex was recognized with the wind blowing notwithstanding an over-coat and a scarf worn. The reflex ceased soon after the wind blew out. The width of landscape had a strong effect on vasomotor reflex. The velocity of the change of volume in the finger was expressed as an index of vasomotor reflex.


The original terms of reference of the Egyptian Police in cybercrimes are represented in receiving reports and complaints, examining the crime scene, taking fingerprints and editing the record, listening to witness statements, preserving the tools used in cybercrimes in normal circumstances, in addition to giving the legislator police officers exceptional powers to initiate certain procedures in cybercrimes including arresting the accused without permission. Inspection, seizure, and scarring for the investigation of cybercrimes, through this research paper will discuss all these original and exceptional terms of reference.


In this study, the computation and properties of the state transition matrix of inhomogeneous planar layered media are investigated. Furthermore, non-reciprocity of inhomogeneous planar layered media is shown using the transition matrix method. This theorem says that the plane wave transmission coefficients for a slab with inhomogeneity along the direction perpendicular to the interfaces are the same when the wave incidences on the slab from left or from right, but that the reflection coefficients usually differ. The validation of the results is studied finally through some typical examples.


The central question in critical discussions on validity is: What is valid, the test or the test score? Answering the question 'What does the test measure?' has proven to be extremely difficult, and has caused attention to shift to the question 'With which variables do the test scores correlate?' In principle, the attribute the test measures does not have to be ascertained anymore. We discuss the central question in the validity debate, discuss a few deviant viewpoints, and emphasize the necessity of ascertaining which attribute the test measures.


A preparation method of high-bulkness paper-making process reconstituted tobaccos comprises the steps that 45-55 parts of tobacco stems, 35-43 parts of tobacco fragments and 2-20 parts of plus fiber by weight are subjected to extraction, concentration, pulping, papermaking, coating and drying processes, and high-bulkness reconstituted tobaccos are obtained, wherein the plus fiber is scirpus tabernaemontani stem fiber. The method can effectively improve the bulkness of the paper-making process reconstituted tobaccos, and the high-bulkness paper-making process reconstituted tobaccos are good in smoke concentration and small in irritation. The method is simple and feasible.


There is a great deal of terminological confusion in discussions of holism. While some well-known authors, such as Davidson and Quine, have used " holism " in various of their writings, 2 it is not clear that they have held views attributed to them under that label, views that are said to have wildly counterintuitive results. 3 In Davidson's case, it is not clear that he is describing the same doctrine in each of his uses of " holism " or " holistic. " Critics of holism show a similar license. My aim in this paper, therefore, cannot be to provide and to examine a characterization of content holism that matches every use that has been made of the term. I aim rather to give a precise form to a holistic doctrine at one end of a spectrum of views that ranges from localism or atomism about content to holism about content. This view has the wild consequences often attributed to holism. While it is dubious that anyone has ever seriously held the view I characterize, 4 some view like it seems to be what critics often have in mind when arguing against content holism. It is therefore worthwhile to make it precise, to distinguish it from other, related views, and to examine its internal coherence. Thus, in this paper, I will, first, clarify the doctrine, or a doctrine, of content holism, and, second, argue that content holism (so characterized) is not just false (which may be readily granted) but self-contradictory. To begin, we must distinguish between meaning holism and content holism. Let us reserve the term " meaning holism " for doctrines which are about the conditions for the possibility of linguistic expressions having meanings. Meaning holism is therefore a doctrine in the domain of the philosophy of language. " Content holism, " in contrast, we will treat as a doctrine in the philosophy of mind, about the conditions for the possibility of a thought 5 having a content. By " a content " we mean, intuitively, what 2 the thought is about or represents. This is best made clear by examples. Thus, for instance, the content of my belief that the new year has begun is that the new year has begun. The content of my desire to mend my ways is that I mend my ways. The content of my fear that the global recession has not …


I wrote the first of these papers more with a view of obtaining some help in my own work than with any purpose of carrying forward the discussion of the subject myself. But no help having been given me, I must proceed cautiously alone, and arrange the order of my questions; since, when I have done my best as carefully as I can, the papers will be nothing but a series of suggestions for others to pursue at their pleasure.


Despite the importance of faculty development activities, little is known regarding the type and extent of programming implemented among AACSB Colleges of Business. Hence, the primary purposes of this manuscript are twofold. First, a brief overview is provided that offers insights into the current state of faculty development related to teaching among AACSB schools. Second, the Master Teacher Initiative, a comprehensive set of faculty development activities that enhance the visibility of the teaching mission, is presented and discussed. More specifically, initiative mission and objectives, major components of the initiative, lessons learned, and initiative benefits are revealed.


The lateral thermal erosion of thaw lake may damage the stabilization of the nearby engineering.This study discussed the lateral transfer heat mechanism of the thaw lake,and a heat transfer model with phase change was used to predicte the temperature regime changes beneath the frozen soil roadbed and possible subgrade defects under the influence of the thaw lake.The results show that the thermal erosion of the thaw lake to permafrost roadbed is mainly affected by the annual average lake-bottom temperature and the distance from the roadbed to lake-edge.Supposing the lake area is constant,the impact of the thaw lake with a higher annual average lake-bottom temperature on the permafrost roadbed is more serious than that with a lower annual average lake-bottom temperature,and also is more obvious with the distance decrease from the roadbed to the lake-edge.These impacts mainly include the gradually warming ground temperature and the expanding talik area beneath the roadbed.However,the most thaw lakes have been experiencing a process of area expansion.If this factor is considered,the actual increase of ground temperature is higher than the forecast one,and the damage is more serious.