This article from the basic national conditions of China,human development needs,ecological environment,technology,and expounds the progress with economic development and the development of modern agriculture of versatility.Discusses the industrialization,the urbanization and modernization of agriculture in synchronized development relationship: that is,from the connotation of modern agricultural development and morphological characteristics,agricultural food security,social security and ecological protection,agriculture leisure tourism.It points out that the multi-function agriculture is the inevitable outcome of the development of agricultural modernization;multi-functional agriculture industrialization for providing funds,raw materials,market and labor,labor,provide food for urbanization,leisure and the urban population.The industrialization,the urbanization is multi-function the development of agriculture basis.Put forward in modern multi-function agricultural development in modern agricultural development and to plan as a whole of industrialization and urbanization "three" coordinated development.


Background The shoulder is the site of multiple injuries and inflammatory conditions that lend themselves to therapeutic injection. Therapeutic subacromial injection should be considered after other conservative interventions have been tried. Studies have demonstrated that needle placement is more accurate with image guidance, usually ultrasound (US). Objectives To highlight the role of US-guided injection in the treatment of supraspinatus tendon injuries. Patients and methods This study included 60 patients diagnosed as having supraspinatus tendinosis only or with associated partial thickness tear. All patients were injected under US guidance. A total of 40 patients were injected with corticosteroids, whereas the other 20 patients were injected with platelet-rich plasma. At 4 and 12 weeks, patients were followed up clinically by visual analog scale score and radiologically by US measurement of tendon thickness and tear size and compared with their corresponding preinjection measures. Results There was a statistically significant decrease in visual analog scale score with decrease from a mean ± SD value of 4.98 ± 1.57 (2.0–9.0) (baseline values) till reaching a mean value of 1.98 ± 1.11 (0.0–5.0) after 12 weeks (after injection), with P value less than or equal to 0.001. The supraspinatus tendon thickness decreased from a mean ± SD baseline value of 7.81 ± 0.49 till reaching a mean ± SD value of 7.23 ± 0.46 after 12 weeks, with P value less than or equal to 0.001. A statistically significant decrease in the tear size was noted only after 12 weeks following injection. The tear size decreased from a baseline mean ± SD value of 1.48 ± 0.29 till reaching 1.08 ± 0.22 after 12 weeks, with P value less than or equal to 0.001. The only noted postinjection adverse effect was transient shoulder pain in 24 (60%) patients of the corticosteroid group. Conclusion US-guided injection of corticosteroids and platelet-rich plasma offers a good minimally invasive method for management of supraspinatus tendinopathy.


Disaster management is generally understood to consist of four phases: mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery. While these phases are all important and interrelated, response and recovery ...


A method of making Fresnel encrypted dot matrix holograms is presented on the basis of the diffraction theory of binary amplitude diffractogram.The theoretical analysis and experimental results are given.It is shown that this technology is feasible and practical.


Abstract : Analysis of the enlarged set of Special Data Collection System (SDCS) data showed that all P waves observed in the WUS (Western United States) showed a significant loss of high frequency energy compared to losses at the Canadian station RKON. While magnitude differentials at most WUS stations conformed to previously reported WUS-EUS (Eastern United States) bias patterns after crustal amplification corrections have been made, Nevada Test Site (NTS) stations showed higher amplitudes than expected on the basis of their t* data. Still, they were significantly lower in amplitude than RKON's. At present this can only be explained by local focusing.


Carrot (Daucus carota L.), is an important root vegetable crop grown over 150 countries throughout the world. In India, carrot is cultivated in an area of 0.86m ha (NHB 201516) with a production potential of 13.5 million tons. Carrots are an excellent source of antioxidant compounds, and the richest vegetable source of the pro-vitamin A carotenes. Carrot's antioxidant compounds help protect against cardiovascular disease and cancer and also promote good vision, especially night vision. Low level of mechanization of carrot planting and harvesting is a major hindrance in increasing International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 09 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


Based on the single indices of an air conditioning system,this paper employs fuzzy mathematic fundamental theory and logic inferential method,educes the subjection functions of the single indices and adopts fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to evaluate air conditioning systems.Consequently,a method and some ideas have been offered in order to evaluate the performance of air conditioning system more objectively.


A transducer position sensing system in an electromechanical drive, e.g. moving a magnetic head 100 along axis 102, includes a non-adjustably mounted switching sensor 106 which is operated (e.g. by a projection 104 on the head 100) when the head is at an arbitrary position B. This position is measured accurately in a manufacturing test rig (Fig. 3) relative to a mechanical reference or datum point A, and the result recorded in a permanent memory (314) used by the drive controller. The latter can then accurately determine transducer position during subsequent initialization procedures. As described the sensor 106 is an electro-optical sensor or a mechanical switch.


In the last years, there has been an increasing interest in the Christian poet Prudentius and his literary technique. This article wants to show that Propertius's elegy 4.11, the so-called regina elegiarum, is a crucial intertext for Prudentius, Peristephanon 13. Numerous lexical and motivic references to the Propertian text regarding the matrone Cornelia render it plausible that Prudentius wanted his recipients to read his poem about the Carthagian martyr bishop Cyprian while bearing in mind the Propertian intertext. Furthermore, by choosing a rare metre, Prudentius might also allude to a specific Horatian poem (carm. 1.4) as another important intertext.


The elimination or reduction of nitrite in curing meat is a problem long under discussion. The action of nitrite in curing meat is unique, because ist antimicrobial, antioxidative, color stabilizing and sensory effects. From technological and microbiological reasons the reduction of nitrite is limited. To this time there is no chemical known with equal characteristic. In Germany in the past twenty years a reduction of usual initially nitrite concentration near 20 % was achieved. An elimination or further reduction is possible by using a combination of chemicals without or with little nitrite. The use of gaseous nitric monoxide is an early discussed but at this time technical possible new approach. But using NO needs further research.


In November 2001, a High Court justice in the southern African country of Malawi issued an injunction against the speaker of the National As sembly, restraining him from removing seven opposition politicians from Par liament. The injunction left intact a fragile balance in the Assembly, where the government and its allies had a majority of seats, but lacked the two-thirds needed to amend the Constitution. This issue was of great importance, given the government's desire to change the Constitution to allow President Bakili Muluzi to run for a third term. The significance of the judge's action came into relief nine months later, when the government lost by three votes a proposed constitutional amendment changing term limits on the executive. Less than a year after the injunction, as Muluzi supporters continued efforts to change the Constitution to remove term limits, elements of civil and political society mobi lized in a public campaign against the amendment. In response, Muluzi ordered a ban of all demonstrations regarding the third term. Yet hearing a petition months later, a High Court judge declared the ban unconstitutional, a move that both discredited the President and buoyed third term opponents. The recent history of neighboring Zambia offers parallels to events in Ma lawi. In early 2001, President Frederick Chiluba began a push to amend the constitution so that he, too, could stand for a third term. And here as well, the courts played a key role in defeating the effort. For example, as opposition to the third term was mounting, the High Court overturned police efforts to halt a rally during which several prominent ruling-party politicians publicly chal lenged Chiluba's program to amend the constitution. In addition, a High Court justice in April of 2001 forbad Chiluba and his allies from expelling from the party those members who opposed amending the constitution.


An efficient diode-pumped laser was demonstrated by using an ytterbium-doped laser crystal, Yb:Gd2SiO5 (Yb:GSO), wherein Yb3+ ions exhibit the largest ground-state splitting among all the ytterbium-doped crystals. The Yb:GSO laser can be operated at a low pumping threshold, and the most efficient laser occurs around 1088nm since the corresponding emission band has the largest emission cross section and the lowest thermal population. A slope efficiency of 75% was demonstrated for a continuous-wave Yb:GSO laser at 1094nm, and self-pulsed lasers were achieved within the tunable range of 1091–1105nm, which are the longest laser wavelengths achieved for Yb3+ lasers.


Sound velocity and attenuation measurements on the frustrated garnet material Gd3Ga5O12 (GGG) are presented as a function of field and temperature, using two different acoustic modes and with two different magnetic field orientations: [100] and [110]. We demonstrate that the phase diagram is highly anisotropic, with two distinct field-induced ordered phases for H||[110] and only one for H||[100]. Extensive lattice softening is found to occur at low fields, which can be associated with spin fluctuations. However, deep within the spin liquid phase a low-temperature stiffening of the lattice and reduced attenuation provides evidence for a spin gap which may be related to short-range antiferromagnetic correlations over minimal 10-spin loops.


One of the holy grails of colorectal surgery is the ability to predict preoperatively the risk of mortality for an individual patient. Many efforts have been made by surgeons to achieve this end, including the POSSUM-derived Cr-POSSUM. The Cr-POSSUM requires preoperative variables that cannot be known preoperatively and tends to overestimate mortality. Further, it remains to be proven that these tools perform better than the bedside impression of an experienced colorectal surgeon, which is the current standard of care in most units it would seem. It is these deficiencies that the CrOSS attempts to correct. What has been produced, via complex statistical modelling, is a relatively simple bedside tool that helps to predict operative risk. However, it has still not been compared to the opinion of an experienced practitioner and, while it is likely to be of help with the extremes of risk, the question remains how good it is with the intermediate risk group of patients and those with disorders not captured in the equation when faced with the stress of a major operation. Further, it is not clear how the score would stand up for patients undergoing the modern maximally invasive operations such as pelvic exenteration or peritonectomy, where knowledge of preoperative risk is vitally important in counselling patients. It is for this sort of operative risk that a scoring system that takes into account the patient's ability to mount a physiological response is required. The anaesthetists have been working on this, seemingly in a vacuum from their surgical colleagues. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET or CPEX) is an anaesthetic solution and may, in fact, play a role in predicting long-term outcomes from surgery. However, these predictive tools do not take into account the magnitude of the surgery, which surely must be of relevance. So, where to for preoperative risk prediction in colorectal surgery? Anaesthetists and colorectal surgeons both have useful perspectives to offer to the 'perfect' tool. Surely, such a tool must take into account the disease itself, the operation required to deal with such a disease and the physiological ability of the patient to respond to that operation. Thus, as in most aspect of perioperative care, a team approach is likely to be much more successful than each discipline operating in a silo.


Chang MH, Lee J, Han J, Park YH, Ahn JS, Park K, Ahn M‐J. Prognostic role of insulin‐like growth factor receptor‐1 expression in small cell lung cancer. APMIS 2009; 117: 861–9.


We propose a classification of the reliability laws in dependence from behavior a failure rate. It is offered to consider six classes of the reliability laws. It is investigated the what known laws of reliability enter in the given classes, and also them some properties. Using the given classification, the general law of reliability is derived. It is based on expansion of a density function in the Laguerre orthogonal polynomials. The precision of an approximation of many known laws of reliability using of the given expansion has been investigated.


The importance of urban forests is undeniable when considering their benefits to the environment, such as improving air quality, landscapes and breaking its monotony. However, trees are subject to failures that can cause personal and economic damage. Therefore, it is necessary to know the health conditions of the trees to define their most adequate management. Some tools are used to detect plant health conditions, such as visual analysis, tomography, and drilling resistance. In addition, some formulas based on the cavity and trunk diameter relation or the remaining trunk wall dimension are also used to infer the strength loss of a tree and its consequent risk of falling. However, these formulas have limitations, such as assuming only cavities that are always centered and not considering areas with decay. Therefore, this research evaluates whether ultrasonic tomographic imaging allows us to improve the reach of the equations proposed in the literature to infer the strength loss of trees due to the presence of cavities and decays. The results showed that ultrasonic tomographic imaging allowed the equations to be closer to real conditions of the tree trunk, such as the inclusion of wood strength reduction from decay and the displacement of internal cavities in calculating the reduction in the second moment of area.


Neutron activation analyses of cherts from McCormick Creek in Livingston County, Kentucky, the Dover Quarry in Stewart County, Tennessee, and the Morrisroe site (15-Lv-156) in Livingston County, Kentucky, are reported. Data on concentrations in ppm for 26 elements are presented for 50 samples from Dover, 45 samples for McCormick Creek, and 50 archaeological samples from the Morrisroe site. These data are utilized in a series of analyses aimed at discriminating between the two source samples (Dover and McCormick Creek) and assessing the similarity of the archaeological sample to these two sources. Two different approaches are utilized in studying the data: simple classification trees and multiple linear discriminant functions analysis. Results indicate that employing these two techniques, the two visually similar source samples can be discriminated with a high degree of accuracy. Application of the techniques to the archaeological sample suggests that overall the archaeological material is more similar to the local source (McCormick Creek) than the Dover material, but that some of the specimens do not appear to be very similar to either source.


Tracheal suctioning is an essential component of airway management for patients requiring mechanical ventilation and it is one of the most common invasive procedures performed in any critical care unit today. The primary goals of the suctioning procedure are secretion removal in order to maintain airway patency, decrease airway resistance, achieve optimal oxygenation. Complications of tracheal suctioning include respiratory and cardiac arrest, hemodynamic instability, hypoxia, increased intracranial pressure, bronchospasm, hemorrhage, and tracheal damage.
Tracheal secretions in mechanically ventilated patients are removed using a catheter via the endotracheal tube. The suction catheter can be introduced by disconnecting the patient from the ventilator (open suction system) or by introducing the catheter into the ventilatory circuit (closed suction system).
The research approach used in this study was quantitative approach. The research design is non randomized clinical trial, time series study. The study was conducted in Malar Hospital, Chennai. Objective of the study was to assess the effectiveness of open suction Vs closed on cardio respiratory parameters among patients with mechanical ventilators. A total of 40 patients with mechanical ventilator who full fill the inclusive criteria were selected using purposive sampling technique, cardiac monitor was used to assess the cardio respiratory parameters, suctioning procedure done daily.
The data analysis was done by using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study finding revealed that in cardiac parameter under open there is significant changes in open suction method in heart rate, MAP and respiration, SPO2 and 't' value is 10.32 and P = 0.001 null hypothesis was rejected. In closed suction there is no significant changes in heart rate, MAP, oxygen saturation and respiration rate and 't' value is 4.67 and P = 1.0. Null hypothesis was accepted. The nurse play a vital role in assessing the cardiac monitor while doing suctioning to prevent cardio respiratory complications.


Metal hydride TiH2powders were treated by mechanical milling( MM). The structure and morphology of TiH2powders milled for different periods were characterized by X-ray diffraction( XRD) and scanning electron microscopy( SEM). The lithium storage characteristics of carbon coating TiH2were studied by galvanostatic charge and discharge tests. Results showed that the particle sizes of TiH2powders were reduced significantly by MM and electrochemical reaction activity of TiH2electrodes were improved after carbon coating. The TiH2/ C electrode milled for 9 h showed the best electrochemical performance with a high discharge capacity of 1 226. 9 mA·h / g at the first discharge cycle. From the second cycle, the TiH2/ C electrode milled for 9h demonstrated good cycle stability with a high capacity retention of 72. 9% after 50 cycles and displayed a discharge capacity of 222. 5 mA·h / g after 50 cycles,it was 60. 7 mA·h / g higher than that of the non-milled TiH2electrode.


Web Services and Service-Oriented Architecture have become ubiquitous and are increasingly embedded in every aspect of systems architecture. At the same time, advances in workflow tools now enable us to compose complex new applications by dynamically orchestrating existing web services in new and previously unanticipated execution sequences. The combination of the two is slowly transforming software engineering to a service-centric discipline, with the focus shifting from creating expansive systems to building small, specialized services that can be sequenced, on demand, to support previously unanticipated missions. Implementing and deploying specialized services in this way presents significant challenges in design and programming, as well as long-term maintenance. A fundamental challenge is to maintain the underlying program code long after it has been released and, potentially, incorporated in numerous other processes. This paper presents a methodology and a design pattern to automatically generate web services based on domain ontology. Our approach promises to significantly reduce the programming and maintenance burden of creating and deploying web services, particularly in mission-critical, collaborative, and distributed operations such as emergency response, supply-chain, or healthcare.


The present invention, two dual - cure - multicomponent systems (A) and containing (B), the majority of or all made of the same components, and are mutually separately storing at least two respectively containing component, integrated dual - cure - relates coating material system, in which, (I) at least one component, with (i.1) an isocyanate-reactive functional groups and (i.2) actinic activatable having at least one bond, reactive functional group, (i.3) lowers its glass transition temperature Tg as a component of a three-dimensional crosslinked structural units to soften, and / or (i.4) raise its glass transition temperature Tg as a component of the three-dimensional cross-linking, containing a coordinated structural units is cured, and, at least one component (II), (ii.1) the free isocyanate Group, (ii.2) having activatable at least one bond with actinic radiation, reactive functional groups, and (II.3) as a constituent of three-dimensionally crosslinked, lowering its glass transition temperature Tg, softening structural units to, and / or (II.4) as a constituent of three-dimensionally crosslinked, raise its glass transition temperature Tg, it contains structural units of curing, in which the dual - cure - coating material system (B) but a dual cure coating material system against the (a), (a) a lesser amount by summing a reactive functional group having activatable at least one bond with actinic radiation, and / or, (b) tertiary It raises its glass transition temperature Tg as a component of the original bridge has a greater amount by summing the structural units to cure.


ABSTRACT Image-based sexual abuse is the non-consensual sharing of private sexual images or videos. Although image-based sexual abuse has been described in various forms, the appropriate, universal term should be 'image-based sexual abuse.' This term acknowledges image-based sexual abuse as a legitimate form of abuse and implies the need for specific treatment considerations. Image-based sexual abuse has allowed for the continuity of harm, violence, and abuse against individuals during and after the distribution of images. This paper explores current terminology, prevalence of the issue, dominant discourses, treatment implications, and self-care practices while focusing on the utilization of a feminist-informed narrative approach.


Prey preference of common minke whales in the coastal water off Sanriku, Japan, was studied to examine how they interacted with target species of local commercial fisheries. This was the first report of prey preference of minke whales in this region. To estimate the prey preference, sampling surveys of minke whales and their prey surveys were conducted in the same area at the same timing (April). The surveys were conducted as a part of a coastal component of JARPN II in 2005 and 2006. A local fisheries science institute, Miyagi Prefecture Fisheries Technology Institute, took part in the surveys. A prey preference index, Manly's α, was used in the analysis. Sum of Manly's α for all prey species is 1 and prey species with large values of Manly's α indicates preference for it. Minke whales fed on North Pacific krill, Japanese anchovy and Japanese sand lance (adult) during the surveys. These are important species of local commercial fisheries. Estimated average values of Manly's α for krill, anchovy and adult sand lance in 2005 and 2006 were 0.02 (se=0.02), 0.09 (se=0.08) and 0.89 (se=0.09), respectively. Minke whales showed preference for adult sand lance. As previously reported in other regions, krill was not preferred prey of minke whales. Ecosystem modelling work (Okamura et al., 2009) suggested that change in a functional response form had substantial effect on predation impact on sand lance by minke whales. Functional response form can be estimated if long term prey preference data are available. Continuation of JARPN II will provide data to develop reliable ecosystem models for fisheries management. INTRODUCTION Removal of large whales from marine ecosystem as the results of commercial harvesting demonstrates that these whales play important role in marine trophic dynamics. Krill surplus, prey release due to removal of large whales by harvesting in the Antarctic, led increase in number of other krill predators such as Antarctic minke whales (Balaenoptera bonaerensis) and crabeater seal (Lobodon carcinophaga) (Laws, 1985), is well known example. In the North Pacific, it was postulated that decline of populations of seals, sea lions and sea otters was derived from prey switching of killer whales from large whales after post world war II commercial harvesting (Springer et al., 2003) though opposite views were also presented (DeMaster et al., 2006; Mizroch and Rice, 2006; Trites et al., 2007; Wade et al., 2007). After the ban of commercial harvesting of large whales, these populations show increasing trends worldwide in recent years. In tern, potential of competition between whales and commercial


We present results from a series of tracer dye experiments where ocean plume concentration is measured using unmanned surface vessels. The goal of the study is to characterize the fine-scale spatiotemporal plume structure which is used for developing and evaluating autonomous robotic sampling strategies. We present a description of the qualitative characteristics of experimentally generated marine plumes namely intermittency, sinuous structure, and the time varying near-source concentration profile. We also present a data reduction process and a set of summary statistics to describe the fine-scale plume structure as evidenced by the time series measurements. These summary statistics provide a comparison benchmark for the development of future plume simulation models that capture the fine-scale plume structure.


Chapter 1. Introduction.- Chapter 2. R and RStudio.- Chapter 3. Getting data into R.- Chapter 4. Supply and demand.- Chapter 5. Functions.- Chapter 6. The Cobb-Douglas Function.- Chapter 7. Matrices.- Chapter 8. Statistical simulation.- Chapter 9. Anscombe's quartet: graphs can reveal.- Chapter 10. Carbon and forests: graphs and regression.- Chapter 11. Evaluating training.- Chapter 12. The Solow growth model.- Chapter 13. Simulating random walks and shing cycles.- Chapter 14. Basic time series.


Three contingency ranking algorithms of voltage violation are discussed, from which a suitable one may be chosen for practical EMS.A brief description of them is presented.Taking the full load flow as a standard reference of correct ranking and the IEEE?14 node test system as an example, their calculation speed,capturing probability and accuracy are separately analyzed and compared.


The fugitive carbon is the difference between the 7 billion or so tons that spew as carbon dioxide from smokestacks and burning tropical forests and the 3.4 billion tons known to stay in the atmosphere. Finding the other 3 billion or 4 billion tons has frustrated researchers for the past 15 years. The oceans certainly take up some of it. Any forecast of global warming has to be based on how much of the carbon dioxide released by human activity will remain in the atmosphere, and predictions vary by 30% depending on the mix of oceanic and terrestrial processes assumed to be removing the gas. What's more, those predictions assume that the processes at work today will go on operating. But not knowing where all the carbon is going raises the unnerving possibility that whatever processes are removing it may soon fall down on the job without warning, accelerating any warming. Such concerns add urgency to the question of whether the ocean harbors the missing carbon. But there's no simple way to find out. The obvious strategy might seem to be to measure the carbon content of the ocean repeatedly to see how much it increases year by year. Themore » trouble is that several billion tons of added carbon, though impressive on a human scale, are undetectable against the huge swings in ocean carbon that occur from season to season, year to year, and place to place.« less


This thesis presents experimental and theoretical studies concerning the structural aspects of modulated crystals in chalcogenides, bronzes and perovskites, containing transition metal elements. Both incommensurately and commensurately modulated crystal structures are considered.


Gender disparity at the leadership level of large (defined by the National Association of Independent Schools as >700 students) K-12 independent schools is a critical and persistent issue in the ongoing effort to foster equity and justice in historically white and male-led independent schools in the United States. Since 2009, the number of women leading all independent schools has increased from 31% to 41% in 2021. However, while a greater number of women lead independent schools today than in years past, they more often achieve the headship in small and K-8 schools and remain less likely (22%) to achieve headship of large (>700) independent schools. Using mixed-methods research including a quantitative survey of 30 of the 45 women leading large, K-12 independent schools in 2020; qualitative follow-up interviews; and analysis of exemplary "leader communications" from the crisis/pandemic school year, this study identifies the role of networking and adaptability literacies in moderating gender bias in the leadership pipeline.


The bad snowy weather in early 2008 induced large scale damages of the transportation system in Southern provinces of China, and seriously influence the normal running of society and economy. The establishment of highway deicing and snow-melting system has been the urgent task. Because of the structure characters and the particularity of construction technology of bridge system, its system design and construction become in to the key problems. In this article, combining the characters of bridge section in Yuebei section of Jingzhu Highway, we compared present highway and bridge snow-melting deicing technologies, and selected proper technologies to establish the corresponding deicing program to enhance the traffic quality and reduce the quantity of accident.


Aims Climate change characterized by global warming has posed a great threat to terrestrial ecosystems and sustainable development of human society.Our objective was to examine the response of major vegetation types to climate change.Methods We used the biweekly dataset of the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration/Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (NOAA/AVHRR) normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and climatic data from 752 standard stations in China for 1982-2006 to study the responses of 12 major vegetation types to changes in air temperature and precipitation.Important findings The NDVI trend was controlled by air temperature and precipitation at the transect scale,while the NDVI trend showed large spatial heterogeneity,possibly associated with changes in regional climate,land use and vegetation type.At the biome scale,annual NDVI of temperate deciduous shrubland (TDS) was significantly correlated with air temperature and that of temperate grass steppe (TGS) and subtropical and tropical coniferous forest (STCF) was significantly correlated with both air temperature and precipitation.No significant relationships were detected between NDVI and climatic factors in other types of vegetation.NDVI was most significantly correlated to the air temperature of the preceding four months.In addition,the time lag of NDVI responses to air temperature gradually decreased from January to April.Negative correlations were found between NDVI and air temperature from May to August in temperate coniferous forest (TCF),temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest (TDBF),TDS,STCF and subtropical and tropical grassland (STG).Results indicated a positive relationship between NDVI and precipitation of the same month in shrub and grassland types and a negative relationship between NDVI and precipitation of the same month in forest.


The text closely follows a contribution by the author on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of IOB, the evaluation body of the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry for Development Co-operation.


The study was carried out in Meta Robi district, West Shewa Zone, Oromia Regional State to identify the types of livestock feed resources and estimate annual feed produced, maintenance requirement and annual feed balance. Secondary data sources and field observations, key informants discussions and semi-structured questionnaire interview were employed to generate data. The district was stratified into upper, mid and lower altitudes and a total of 90 respondents (upper=30, mid=30 and lower=30) were randomly selected and interviewed individually. The results of the study indicated that the major feed resources were grazing of natural pasture (58.9%), wheat straw (42.4%), barley straw (30%) and hay (21.1%). During the dry season, 90% of the respondents feed their animals crop residues, hay (55.6%) and stubble grazing (35.6%). Natural pasture was the major feed source during the wet season. The total maintenance DM of feed requirement of the animals in the district was 388,859.8 tons while the actual DM of feed production was 212,047.15 tons. The total DM of feed produced per year fulfilled the maintenance requirement of the animals only for 6.54 months of the year in the district. According to the opinion of the sampled households, in the rest of the year, animals suffer from feed shortage which resulted in weight loses, mortality and milk reduction.


In the present paper,we discuss the essential ranges of essential bounded functions,and the invertibility and essential invertibility of Toeplitz operators.In addition,the iff condition for the Fredholm Toeplitz operator with symbol in L~∞ is obtained.


This paper analyses 'La bouscarle', a movement from Catalogue d'oiseaux, which is one of the most extensive piano works written by Oliver Messiaen. A distinctive characteristic of this comparatively short movement is the harmonic colour constructed from the composer's mode 3 in the representation of the river theme, serving as an important subject that provides the flow and structure for the entire work. Mode 3, which forms an A major tonality for the river theme and the portrayal of the kingfisher's colour, also provides a less dissonant harmony that is different from the harmonies used for habitats presented in other movements of the Catalogue. The soloist, the Cetti's warbler, with its brief and brusque call, produces a contrasting mood with the lyrical chordal river theme. The majority of birdsongs in this work shares similar characteristics with the soloist's, except the more melodically delicate blackbird, robin, and blackcap, with their call matching the river theme. It is thus concluded that birdsongs in this movement can also be found and feature their characteristics similarly in other Messiaen's works.


Translation is a considerably complicated mental process,in which the translator acts as the subject of aesthetic experience as well as a human being with social attributes.A variety of factors,especially political ones,will influence the translator's translation process.Directly or indirectly,political factors will exert great influence on the translator's motive,selection of materials and strategies of translation,which results in different outcomes.Meanwhile,the translator's own political standpoint and tendency will also affect his psychology of translation.


Any reahstic process of salvation must originate in the holiness of God, which is redemptive by nature. Redemption begins in the nature of God and culminates in the heart of man. Clearly, salvation is not com plete until God puts the finishing touch to sin as a state of pollution in the immortal soul. Hence we beUeve that the only hypothesis open to Christian theology is one which calls for the radical and complete eradication of sin from the soul as the end-product of God's redemptive urge and procedure. "Be ye holy for 1 am holy" is not a scriptural injunction prompted by cosmic inusing. To the contrary, it is the expressed will and the authoritative command of God which rests on existential necessity. It is made logically mandatory by the relationship involving God and man in redemption. No alternative is permissible so long as God's holiness is the


A novel supramolecular self-assembly, where a pyridyl-substituted perylene bisimide dye (DPyPBI) axially binds to zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc), has been designed. Their coordination properties have been studied by UV/vis, fluorescence techniques and 1H NMR spectroscopy, showing that 1:1 and 1:2 double sandwich complexes between DPyPBI and ZnPc are formed.


A series solution has been development to analyze the elastic behavior of post-tensioned waffle slab bridges subjected to laterally applied uniform and concentrated (patch) loads. The solution applies to bridges of rectangular and skew planforms. Realistic estimates of the orthotropic rigidities of waffle construction are used in the solution. The analysis is verified and substantiated by tests on two 1/8-scale models of prestressed concrete waffle slab bridges. The load-carring capacity of prestressed waffle-type structures versus prestressed slab-type ones is compared.


A 69-year-old woman was admitted in September 2005 dehydrated and unwell. She had a 6-month history of constipation, poor appetite and weight loss, and was hypoalbuminaemic (21 g/litre). She had initially been referred for colonoscopy in March to exclude colonic malignancy. Multiple pedunculated polyps up to the splenic flexure were seen, with histology felt to be consistent with hyperplastic polyps and mild inflammation. Her symptoms persisted, and by August she had lost 3 stone in weight. She started to experience loose stools, and repeat colonoscopy was planned. However, the bowel preparation made her feel unwell. She couldn't walk, and so presented to the acute medical take. The patient looked pale and dehydrated. Her chest was clear, with a diffusely tender abdomen. Bowel sounds were present, and there were no palpable masses. Bloods showed a corrected calcium of 1.58 mmol/litre. Fluid resuscitation and calcium replacement was started. A malignant process was queried. Liver function tests showed a lo...


A solution to the problem of global tracking control with disturbance attenuation of robot systems described by Euler-Lagrange equations has been presented by Battilotti et al. (1997) by full state feedback. In this paper, we show how recent results of Zhang et al. (1997) can be used to solve the same problem for so-called "Euler-Lagrange systems" without velocity measurement, which is of much interest for robot applications.


An electric field measurement system with a maximum sensitivity of 2.6 µV m−1 and an associated accuracy of 2% is described. It is based on the ultra-high input impedance electric potential sensor and is calibrated using a test structure of well-defined geometry to establish a calculable electric field. Finite element simulations are used to verify the field geometry and include the effect of finite boundary conditions due to the proximity of grounded structures. These are found to have a considerable effect on the uniformity of the field. The agreement seen between the measurements and simulations is achieved using a single numerical calibration factor and indicates that the presence of the sensor causes no significant perturbation of the electric field.


We demonstrate demultiplexing of three spatio-temporally overlapped orthogonal temporal modes into three distinct wavelengths using a sum-frequency generation stage having multiple phase-matching peaks. Cross-talk between the fundamental mode and all other modes is 10 dB.


The technical renovation of thionyl chloride rectifying system is summarized.The product qualities before and after the technical renovation are compared.


Small surface-mounted vortex generators were investigated as means for the control of a boundary-layer separation on a 2D single-flap three-element high-lift system at near-flight Reynolds numbers and in landing configurations. Wind-tunnel results obtained for small vane-type vortex generators mounted on a multielement airfoil showed that vortex generators as small as 0.18 percent of total chord can effectively reduce or eliminate boundary-layer separation on the flap at approach conditions. It was found that both the outerrotating and the corotating streamwise vortices were effective in reducing flow separation.


The article of the Council on Child Health referring to medication for hyperactive children1 contains several misleading or confusing statements:
 (1) The hyperkinetic behavior syndrome (minimal brain dysfunction) appears in children of below-average intelligence as well as in children of average or above-average intelligence. This was generally agreed on at a recent meeting in Alta, Utah, where a number of investigators, including Paul Wender and C. K. Conners, were present. In an article presented for the Workshop on Evaluating Long-Term Effects of Stimulant Drug Therapy, I presented data showing that minimal brain dysfunction occurred at essentially all levels of intellect.2


The Directorate of Economics of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development maintains two publication series for research on food security issues. Publications under the Flash series are short (3-4 pages), carefully focused reports designed to provide timely research results on issues of great interest. Publications under the Research Paper series are designed to provide longer, more in-depth treatment of food security issues. The preparation of Flash reports and Research Reports, and their discussion with those who design and influence programs and policies in Mozambique, is an important step in the Directorates's overall analysis and planning mission. Comments and suggestions from interested users on reports under each of these series help identify additional questions for consideration in later data analysis and report writing, and in the design of further research activities. Users of these reports are encouraged to submit comments and inform us of ongoing information and analysis needs.


Abstract The UK housing industry stands accused of delivering homes that are overly expensive, environmentally unsustainable and deficient in number (Barker, 2004). To resolve the proclaimed shortage—primarily the result of demographic changes within households (Office for National Statistics, 2006)—the Government intends that the number of annual new additions in England by 2016 will have increased by a third to 200,000. The Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment (CABE) has stated that post-occupancy evaluation (POE) is the preferred means to assess how well these new homes meet the changing lifestyle needs of consumers and whether effective use is being made of the limited land resources (CABE, 2005). However, a standard approach for housing POE is yet to be developed. This paper describes a project in which a household's occupancy of each room in a dwelling was discreetly collected using a radio frequency identification (RFID) tracking system. This gave a temporal portrayal of how each space was used, occasionally contradicting the beliefs of the household. It is proposed that repeated studies like this could enable a POE database to be established that would make generalized conclusions possible. Alternatively, selective in-depth case studies could inform the line of questioning taken in traditional survey methods for gathering mass consumer opinions.


The reconfigurable computing platform is an important support for today's high-performance computing. Public key encryption algorithms are often computationally intensive algorithms. And the form of the algorithm is also more complex and changeable. RSA and ECC are most common public-key encryptions which are both based on the computing on finite filed. In this paper, based on the design of a data channel of a reconfigurable public key encryption coprocessor, a corresponding control circuit for public key encryption algorithm is proposed and designed. The control circuit mainly consists of two parts of the design, the first part is the design of the configuration information, and the second part is the design of the control logic.


Inter-comparison of EMI antenna calibration was conducted among 9 competent organizations in Japan for the frequency range of 30 to 1000 MHz in 2008. The p articipating organizations were NIST, AIST (NMI Japan), commercial testing laboratories and manufacturers. Among them, three types of EMI measurement antennas (tune dipole antenna, biconical antenna, and LPDA) were circulated for antenna calibration. It is found that the antenna factors determined by the participating organizations fall within a range of a standard deviation about ±0.5 dB around the results of AIST and the maximum of the expanded uncertainty (k=2) reaches 1.3 dB for the calibration of a dipole antenna.


single chicks were similar to first-hatched chicks. The two longest surviving chicks reached an age of 24 and 25 days, at which time they had not yet fledged. Chicks and parents showed a circadian rhythm with greatest activity during the day and a period of sleep during the night in which the sun does not set at this latitude. The female stayed closer to the young than the male, but the male provided food more frequently.


According to the author,a theorem can be obtained,which can be used to decide the existence of rational root of relevant multinomial with integral coefficient,through weakening and strengthening the conditions of Eisenstein discriminating method.


Background Monitoring allograft function during the early stages is crucial, and therefore requires biomarkers more sensitive than serum creatinine (Scr). Kidney injury molecular-1 (KIM-1) is a potent biomarker; however, disparities exist in the literature concerning its predictive value in allograft function. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate its predictive value for the long-term prognosis of kidney transplantation patients. Methods A prospective study with a cohort comprising 160 patients scheduled for kidney transplantation was conducted to evaluate the predictive power of urinary KIM-1 (uKIM-1) and other renal ischemia-reperfusion biomarkers including urinary L-type fatty acid binding protein (uL-FABP), urinary N-acetyl-β-D glucosaminidase (uNAG), and urinary neutrophil gelatinase-related lipoprotein (uNGAL) for allograft prognosis. Results One hundred and forty kidney recipients who were admitted to our hospital between September 2014 and December 2017 with a median follow-up of 30.3 months were included. Thirty-seven recipients had functional delayed graft function (fDGF) in the first week post transplantation, and 42 recipients had progressed to allograft dysfunction [estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m2] by the end of the study, while nine recipients deteriorated into allograft loss (defined by the initiation of dialysis). The levels of uKIM-1 in the fDGF group were higher than those in the immediate graft function (IGF) recipients (P<0.05) at 0 hour post transplantation [5.885 (4.420–7.913) vs. 4.605 (3.417–5.653) ng/mmol], and on the first day post transplantation [5.569 (4.181–6.722) vs. 4.002 (3.222–6.488) ng/mmol]. The levels of uL-FABP in the fDGF group were also higher than those in the IGF group at 0 hour post transplantation (89.818±39.332 vs. 69.187±37.926 µg/mmol) and on the third day post transplantation [77.835 (60.368–100.678) vs. 66.841 (28.815–89.783) µg/mmol]. Multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that recipients with higher uKIM-1 levels on the first day post transplantation had a 23.5% increase in the risk of developing fDGF and a 27.3% increase in the risk of prolonged renal allograft dysfunction. Conclusions uKIM-1 on the first day post transplantation can predict short-term graft function and is a potent biomarker for the long-term prognosis of graft function.


Due to toxicity of volatile organic compounds (VOC), assessment of their emission from polymer dry construction materials is of importance for the quality of the indoor environment. Accordingly, in this work we studied emissions of styrene from polystyrene foam (PSf) and of cyclopentane from polyurethane foam (PURf). Both foams are common insulation materials. The partition (K) and diffusion (D) coefficients of these compounds in respective foams were determined at temperature between 23-90 degrees C. The partition coefficients of foam-ambient gas system (KM-A) derived from the determined adsorption and desorption rate constants (k(ads), k(des)) using the close-to-equilibrium theory and computer simulation, resulting in comparable values. The diffusion coefficients, by contrast, were obtained using three models based on sorption (D-S), permeation (D-P) and computer simulation (D-C). In the first model, the foam is seen as a continuous phase, in the second model - as consisting of two phases where the VOC concentration is arithmetically averaged, while the third one assumes the inhomogeneous VOC distribution. Based on the same experimental data, three sets of diffusion coefficients were obtained (D-S, D-P, D-C), disparate in values, these disparities originating from the assumptions made in each model. The computer-simulation at relatively low migrant concentrations in the foam (styrene-PSf system), and the permeation model at high migrant concentrations (cyclopentane-PURf system) generated the diffusion coefficients comparable with results presented in the literature.


Agreement concerning the establishment of German-language departments of business administration and data processing at Marmara University in Istanbul (with annex). Signed at Ankara on 21 March 1991


An object of the present invention to improve the operability for setting conditions for the plurality of setting items for setting conditions for processing. As shown in A (A), setting items in the first tab 3A is stored in the address A1~A7 in the setting item storage area of the storage unit. (B), the has definite region where setting of the first tab 3A corresponding to the address A1~A7 item is displayed on the display unit. (C), the of the address B1~B13, not more address B8~B13 an upper, stored setting items # 1 to # 6 in the first tab 3A is a lower address B1~B7 is setting item # 7 to # 13 are stored. (D), the display unit 107 displays the portion of the setting item # 7 # 12 addresses B1-B6, the setting item # 13 of the address B7~B13, # 2, # 5, # 3 , # 6, # 1, # 4 is displayed by scrolling. .The 11


Background: Vesico-vaginal fistula can occur in different women with varied socio-economic condition.
Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to see the socio-demographic characteristics of vesico-vaginal fistula (VVF) patients attended at a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out from July 2013 to December 2013 for a period of 6 months in the National Fistula Centre in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology at Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH), Dhaka, Bangladesh. All patients who underwent surgical repair for iatrogenic VVF in National Fistula Centre of the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Dhaka Medical College Hospital were included in this study. Patients who got themselves admitted to Obstetrics & Gynaecology department of DMCH with the complaints of fistula. The entire selected patients were interviewed for detailed socio-demographic characteristics.
Result: A total number of 51 cases of VVF were recruited for this study. The mean age was 46.02 (±SD 6.104) years. Most of the respondents were illiterate (55.0%) and one-third patients had primary level education. The number of highly educated patients was scarce (12.0%). It was evident that average age at marriage of the patients was 15.8(±4.74) years. Some females were forced to accept marriage at the age of 10 years. The mean interval between initiation of menstruation and the marriage was only 4.72 years. Mothers were on an average 17.48 years old at the time of first delivery.
Conclusion: In conclusion middle age illiterate women are most commonly suffering from VVF.
Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2020;6(2): 114-117


Objective: to determine the mechanisms of the dislocation of the head of the hip joint endoprosthesis on the basis of the graphoanalytic modeling method and to correct the wrong position of its components. Methods: graphical-analytical modeling. Results: it has been established that there are two mechanisms of dislocation of the head of the hip joint endoprosthesis, related to its size and compliance with the angles of inclination and anteversion of the cup and antithesis of the endoprosthesis stem. The loss of contact area can also occur due to the wear of the friction pair. The most stable are endoprostheses with large-diameter heads, which allow increasing the shoulder strength, which counteracts the disabling effect. As a measure to prevent dislocations, you can use liners with a visor that prevent the dislocation of the head or neck of the endoprosthesis of a reduced diameter. If the endoprosthesis cup has too much angle of inclination or insufficient cup anteversion and/or antithesis of the stem, but there is a stable anchorage, a liner with a visor can also be used. The angle of the movement of the endoprosthesis head due to the use of a liner with a visor decreases with increasing diameter of the heads, which also indicates the advantage of using them to prevent dislocation of the endoprosthesis. Conclusions: in the hip joint endoprosthetics for the prevention of head dislocation, it is important to observe the correct position of its components. If it is not possible to install the components of the endoprosthesis within the limits that prevent the appearance of dislocation of the head, and also for the purpose of its elimination, it is advisable to use liners with a visor in combination with large diameter heads. The choice of the neck of the endoprosthesis with a reduced diameter reduces the risk of its dislocations.


The performance of English automatic speech recognition systems decreases when recognizing spontaneous speech mainly due to multiple pronunciation variants in the utterances. Previous approaches address this problem by modeling the alteration of the pronunciation on a phoneme to phoneme level. However, the phonetic transformation effects induced by the pronunciation of the whole sentence have not yet been considered. In this article, the sequence-based pronunciation variation is modeled using a noisy channel approach where the spontaneous phoneme sequence is considered as a "noisy" string and the goal is to recover the "clean" string of the word sequence. Hereby, the whole word sequence and its effect on the alternation of the phonemes will be taken into consideration. Moreover, the system not only learns the phoneme transformation but also the mapping from the phoneme to the word directly. In this study, first the phonemes will be recognized with the present recognition system and afterwards the pronunciation variation model based on the noisy channel approach will map from the phoneme to the word level. Two well-known natural language processing approaches are adopted and derived from the noisy channel model theory: Joint-sequence models and statistical machine translation. Both of them are applied and various experiments are conducted using microphone and telephone of spontaneous speech.


A versatile, sensitive, and green method based ultrasound-assisted, temperature-controlled, dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction with an ionic liquid and chemiluminescence detection was used for the determination of copper(II) at the ultra-trace level. After complexation by dithizone, copper(II) was extracted into the ionic liquid. Using high temperature and ultrasonic agitation, the copper complex easily migrated into the ionic liquid phase because of the larger contact area. After back extraction, the determination was performed by chemiluminescence based on the catalyzing effect of copper(II) on the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide with rhodamine B. Important parameters that affected the extraction efficiency and chemiluminescence intensity were optimized. Under the optimum conditions, a limit of detection for copper of 0.8 ng L−1 was obtained with a linear calibration relationship. The method was applied to analyze environmental water samples for copper(II) with satisfactory results.


New data on the occurrence of the 70 species of longhorn beetles from the area of the Eastern Beskid Mountains including the Low Beskids (56 species) are presented. The state of knowledge about Cerambycidae of the Eastern Beskid Mountains, Low Beskids, Western Beskid Mountains and Bieszczady Mountains is summarised. New localities of some rarely seen species as: Pachyta quadrimaculata (Linnaeus 1758), Stenocorus meridianus (Linnaeus, 1758), Evodinus clathratus (Fabricius, 1793), Anoplodera rufipes (Schaller, 1783), A. sexguttata (Fabricius, 1775), Ropalopus macropus (Germar, 1824), Pogonocherus hispidus (Linnaeus, 1758), Phytoecia cylindrica (Linnaeus 1758) and Ph. nigricornis (Fabricius 1782) are given. Four species, P. quadrimaculata, Leptura annularis Fabricius, 1801, Pyrrhidium sanguineum (Linnaeus, 1758) and Pogonocherus fasciculatus (DeGeer, 1775), are recorded for the first time from the area of the Low Beskids


Thin tin films were deposited on oxidized silicon substrates by sputtering. Changes in both the phase and morphology of the films were studied as a function of the annealing process, time and atmosphere. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was used to study phase evolution of the films during annealing. Atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were employed to characterize microstructure and morphology of the films. XRD analyses revealed phase transformations from metallic Sn to romarchite and finally to cassiterite as a function of higher annealing temperature. Differences in the phase transformation rate from metallic tin films to tin dioxide were observed between oxygen and air atmospheres. Little variation in grain size was observed during oxidation annealing from metallic to oxide states in either air or oxygen. However, surface roughness of the films was strongly dependent on the annealing atmospheres. The films annealed under air showed that surface roughness increased linearly with ti...


Objective To observe the changes of the heart kinetics and myocardium ultrastructure in cerebral ischemia tree shrews with diabetes mellitus. Methods Inject streptozotocin(STZ) 55mg/kg to the abdominal cavity of tree shrews on an empty stomach to prepare diabetes modal, induce local thrombocerebral ischemia by photochemical reaction one week later. Divid tree shrews randomly into diabetes group (Diabetes),cerebral ischemia group (Ischemia ), diabetes with cerebral ischemia group (Diabetes and Ischemia) and the control group (Control). Every group had 8 tree shrews. The LVSP, LVEDP, ±dp/dtmax, SAP,DAP and HR were detected by multi-conducted physiometer in each experiment tree shrews. The tree shrews myocardium tissue of left ventricle was taken and observed by transmission electron microscope. Results Compare with the control, the LVSP、+dp/dtmax decrease (F0. 05), -dp/dtmax decrease significantly(P0. 01)and LVEDP increase (P0. 05) in ischemia group; dp/ dtmax decrease (P0. 05), LVEDP increase significantly (P0. 01) in dabetes group. Compare with ischemia group, the LVSP、 +dp/dtmax decrease(P0. 05) , -dp/dtmax decrease significantly (P0.01)and LVEDP increase (P0. 05) in diabetes with ceredral ischemia group. Under the transmission electron microscope, edema among myocardium myofibril, shrinkage bandelette formated in some myofibril, some mitochondrion pycnosis and swelling were observed in cerebral ischemia group and diabetes group; Pycnosis in most mitochondrion, swelling and cristae lysis in come mitochondrion, more shrinkage bandelette formated in myofibril, hyperemia and edema in interstitial and more vacuoles in the endothelial cell of blood capillary were observed in diabetes with cerebral ischemia group. Conclusion Cerebral ischemia tree shrews are always companied by abnormal heart hemodynamics and myocardium ultrastructure changes, the"encephalo- cardio -stroke"may be developed if companied by diabetes mellitus.


Victims of crimes, victims of abuse of power and victims of gross and systematic human rights violations have had little relevance to international law. However, since 1985, international human rights law has taken an interest in them and has created four instruments, which establish different notions of victim, as well as a catalogue of rights. Since then, victims have become increasingly prominent in processes involved in seeking justice, truth and reparation. Recently, victim's testimonies are used as one of the indicators, although not the only one, for measuring compliance and protection of human rights rules in the United Nations system.


In 1633 the European conflict that had begun in 1619 was entering its fifteenth year. After the savagely fought battle of Lutzen in November 1632, which had claimed the life of Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden but had failed to undermine Swedish military power in the Empire, the following campaign proved a lacklustre affair. Neither the imperial army under Albrecht Wallenstein nor the Swedish–German army wanted to risk another major encounter. The imperial army ended the 1633 campaign in winter quarters on the territories of its Habsburg overlord, Emperor Ferdinand II. Early in January 1634, forty-seven senior officers, each the colonel-proprietor of at least one regiment, assembled at Pilsen, south-west of Prague, to discuss orders from the court at Vienna. The most significant instruction was to decamp into quarters in adjoining German territories, tantamount to fighting a winter campaign against the Swedish troops presently occupying these areas. Following the repudiation of the court directives, dismissed as operationally impractical, the assembled officers each signed a document in which they subscribed to an oath of unconditional obedience to Wallenstein. At the time, and in the debates that have persisted ever since about Wallenstein's 'treason', the significance of this oath has been linked to the fact that Wallenstein had created the largest mercenary army ever seen in Europe. In early 1634 it had an effective strength of around 45,000, and at its peak in 1629 it had numbered over 100,000 soldiers on paper.


Background Objective Structured Clinical Assessment (OSCA) is effective use for evaluating the competence of the students with some the coverage of the material such as the evaluation of the knowledge, comunication skills, physical examination, interpret and analyze the diagnosis, diagnostic result make diagnosis, but it can also cause anxiety that would aftect the result of the evaluation students. Objective this research seek to present relathionship between the anxiety level in conducting OSCA with evaluation result student nursing. Methods this research is a quantitative with survey cohort method, sample use 57 reguler nursing students from the first semester and use the technique of sample accidental sampling. Instrument use State Trait Anxiety Innventory (STAI) quisioner to score the level of anxiety and result of students doing OSCA, it was analyze by Rank Spearman. Result this study anxiety of student most of the anxiety is very high (49,4%) with the highest evaluation result are shown with straight A (59,6%). The result of the rank spearman p=0,290 (p>0,05). Conclusion there is no meaningfull relationship between anxiety level with the result of the evaluation of collage students.


About six years ago one of us 1 published a short account of the rise of temperature which follows the injection of sodium chloride into rabbits, either intravenously or subcutaneously. This fact seems to have been completely overlooked by subsequent investigators, of whom there are many (Bingel, Freund, Samelson, Hort and Penfold, McIntosh, Fildes and Dearborn, and others). Samelson 2 claims that the rise of temperature is due to bacterial toxins contained in the distilled water, and not to the sodium chloride. The observations were made on nursing children. Freund, 3 on the other hand, maintains that the sodium chloride is the cause of the rise of temperature, at the same time admitting the fact that contaminated water may also cause fever. As we wished to make use of this fact in another connection, it became necessary for us to be sure that the rise of temperature was due to the injection of the salt, and to that end we have repeated the earlier work. Sterile sodium chloride was put in a flask that had been throughly sterilized, and the water, redistilled in glass, was received directly into the flask from the condenser. The mouth of the flask was closed with sterile cotton, and the solution (m/6 concentration) was used as soon as it had cooled down to the proper temperature. There can be no doubt, therefore, of the purity of the solution as far as bacterial contamination is concerned. Antiseptic precautions were observed in making the injections. The results confirmed our earlier work. The temperature rose steadily after injection, the height being roughly proportional to the dose given. The maximum was attained in from three to five hours, after which the temperature gradually returned to normal.


Based on the multi-item inventory in reverse logistics, the paper establishes a maximum Profit-based multi-level inventory model of supply chain and proposes to solve the model with heuristic algorithm. Finally an example is shown.


Hardware based digital image watermarking is in a good demand these days because of its fast real time implementation. It is seen that hardware based watermarking often comes with computational complexity and difficulty in implementation. In this paper, we discuss the development and implementation of the hardware architecture of Digital Image Watermarking in transform domain using a newly developed simple yet secured algorithm. Walsh Transform is used to convert the cover image from spatial domain to transform domain as it is a secured Transform function and it is also feasible to synthesize the developed architecture using HDL (Hardware Description Language) synthesizer. The proposed architecture is not very resource rich. The proposed watermarking architecture will be very useful particularly for image authentication process and secured transmission of message inside an image. Here, the proposed algorithm embeds the watermark into a cover image and also extracts it at the receiving end using the MSI numbers generated during the watermark insertion process. One significant advantage of the algorithm is that there is no need of the original image to extract the watermark at the receiving end. The whole work can be viewed as the sequential amalgamation of three sub-tasks: theoretical modeling, designing the hardware architecture in Verilog HDL and performance observation by an adopted simulation set-up. The complete designed architecture is found to be compatible for verification using Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) for VLSI implementation.


This paper proposes the integrative learning of technology and science in which students create their own science applications on smartphones. The proposed learning aims to help students experience...


Presents a physical model for determining the effective thermal conductivity of a two‐phase composite medium with fixed or moving interfaces. A rigorous numerical method for removing oscillations in the thermal field is proposed. The methodology is based on the volume averaging technique with the assumption that the phases may coexist at a temperature different from that of fusion. The analysis reveals that the effective conductivity of a two‐phase medium is dependent on the phase volume fractions, on their thermal conductivities and on a constitutive constant which determines the geometric structure of the medium and the nature of the interface (fixed or moving). The results for the one and two dimensional conduction‐dominated phase change problem show that the oscillations produced by previous fixed‐grid methods are eliminated.


Based on the information theory and fuzzy set theory, in the light of the characteristics of randomicity and fuzziness of part spatial data in GIS,this paper proposes a hybrid entropy model of spatial data uncertainty,and hybrid entropy can be used to measure the total uncertainty of spatial data caused by stochastic uncertainty and fuzziness uncertainty.Taking the uncertainty of line segment as an example,this paper discusses the evaluating methods of statistic entropy,fuzziness entropy,and hybrid entropy of line segment uncertainty.And the entropy-band distribution of line segment uncertainty is shown.


In the article authors discuss the basic problems of studying the world of human and nature; ascertain the values and essence of human life. It was established that the writer clearly depicts human in big cities and small villages, describes their fate and asserts that only in love and harmony it is possible to grow wheat, educate children and the younger generation as well as to love their native land.Relevance of exploration largely stems from that the spiritual world is rich and very deep, and the relationship between human and nature is closely intertwined.The subject of our research is the book "Zhytychi". The author introduces not only native land countrymen, but also proves that he lives the same life as those people, he is equally a fan of the city and the village, has repeatedly protected them. Our people love nature and live in harmony with it from childhood.Stories teach us to honor people and nature, cherish and appreciate life and the environment. The uniqueness of the works is in its simplicity and wisdom of human relationships.It is possible to select separately the story about the war and the postwar years. The writer tells the fellow villagers' memories of life under the occupation of burned villages in the Zhytomyr region by German fascist invaders; the horrors of endured years and return to a peaceful life. Each narrative about the war, Opanasiuk Oleksii reveals the human soul, the relationship between nature and the eternal human values – love and faithfulness as well as maternal love.In all the stories, writer compares turnover of human life and the life of nature.The works of Oleksii Opanasiuk are powerful not only for its simplicity and reality but also for its truthfulness of life. The author convincingly depicts human in cities and villages, describes their fate, reveals the innermost thoughts and shows the relationship between human and nature. The analysis of the texts "Zhytychi" makes it possible to conclude that the characters live in harmony with themselves and nature. The story teaches to love the human, small homeland, native land and to protect life and the world. Therefore, the problem needs further study and improvement.


A review is made of several efforts to describe the instructional emphasis and curricular content of courses relating to theory in educational administration. A summary is then provided of the evolution and eventual discontinuance of one approach to the teaching of theory which has previously been cited in the literature. Finally, a course format initiated as a replacement for the aforementioned instructional approach is described, and the content of the new course is discussed in some detail. A thesis of the article is that by making explicit what is taught concerning theory in educational administration it is thereby possible to provide a greater impetus for an increased theoretical orientation within the discipline.


Received June 2007 Accepted September 2007 INTRODUCTION Paraganglioma of the urinary bladder is rarely encountered and its biological behavior is uncertain. It represents less than 1% of the bladder tumors and is usually benign. The tumor usually develops in young adult women.(1) The most prevalent involved sites are discussed controversially in the literature. In a recently published work, lateral and posterior walls of the bladder are described as the most prevalent sites, while in the latest edition of the CampbellWalsh Urology, the trigones and the posterior wall have been stated as the most common tumor sites for paraganglioma.(2,3) Common symptoms and signs are dysuria, hematuria, and hypertension, caused by local irritation of the tumor, and increased catecholamine levels. As many as 50% of the paragangliomas are hereditary and may be associated with familial paraganglioma, neurofibromatosis type 1, von HippelLindau disease, and the Carney triad.(4) We report a single case of paraganglioma in the urinary bladder primarily diagnosed as myoma. CASE REPORT A 37-year-old woman presented with frequency and dysuria. Physical examination showed no abnormalities. No constitutional symptoms suggesting an endocrine active paraganglioma, such as hypertension, were detected. Transabdominal ultrasonography showed a low-echoic mass at the bottom of the bladder. To prove the ultrasonographic diagnosis, conventional cystoscopy was performed and led to the diagnosis of a 2-cm myoma. Since infiltration of the muscle layer was ruled out by computed tomography, we decided to perform transurethral resection of the tumor (Figure 1). However, during the first transurethral resection, infiltration of the muscle layer was seen and confirmed by Urol J. 2008;5:57-9. www.uj.unrc.ir


A method is proposed to detect and estimate the location of the spherical inclusion in the homogeneous isotopic elastic medium. The signals are emitted by ambient noise sources and recorded by a sensor array. The vector nature of elastic waves is exploited to find a proper imaging function to detect and locate the inclusion. We consider imaging of a spherical inclusion using seismic wave recordings.


Summary form only given. Knowledge creation and management have been seen as a means for enduring a sustainable competitive advantage. However, there is little known about knowledge or how it can be measured. Also, knowledge, when used in research, is rarely explicitly defined. Technology transfer research includes an existing theoretical framework. The context of technology transfer suggests a "good setup" for theory building since knowledge must be transferred between differing units. As a first step for theory development, the case study approach is used. The primary focus of this case involves both the transfer and mapping of knowledge. The context of this case is the installation of an artificial intelligence technology at a major bank in Ohio for the purpose of reducing credit card fraud. A small software firm, specializing in fraud prevention AI systems for the financial services industry, developed the product. Knowledge had to be shared between the players while implementing the new AI product and utilizing an existing information system infrastructure. Each party's level of knowledge is discussed and used as supporting evidence for the model that maps knowledge into business, technical, cognitive and emotional dimensions. We were able to validate those aspects, while utilizing subjective (and comparative) measures for the levels of knowledge as a means for mapping. The paper then proposes a possible theoretical framework of knowledge, key measures and, based on our research and existing literature, we propose definitions of knowledge and knowledge management.


Using the 9-5/8" casing pipe at Weizhou 11-4 Oil Field,such accidents as the casing pipe broke and cracked in A5 well.Analyzing the failed casing pipe by macro and micro analysis,X-ray energy spectrum analysis,chemical composition,and material properties.The results show that oxygen corrode the casing pipe.The leaky marine riser lead to pipe-seawater direct contact and the macro oxygen concentration cell at sea-level accelerates the oxygen corrosion.


Perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) polymers are extensively applied for preparing the membrane of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) because of their considerably higher chemical stability over hydrocarbon-based polymers. However, even PFSA polymers suffer from decomposition caused by the hydroxyl radicals under low humidity conditions. Additionally, a critical breakdown of the membranes occurs at high temperatures when using conventional PFSA polymers, which have glass transition temperatures of around 80 °C. Therefore, operational conditions of PEMFCs are limited to low temperatures (below 80 °C) and high humidity conditions (ca 100% RH (relative humidity)).

Highly durable PFSA membranes have been developed, which can operate for more than 6000 h at 120 °C and 50% RH. This achievement has opened up a new era of operating PEM fuel cells in the temperature range of near freezing to 120 °C under low and high humidity conditions for an extended period of time. In this article, a unique philosophy is presented along with guiding principles for developing highly durable PFSA membranes and their performances.

Keywords:

PEMFC;
membrane;
perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) polymer;
degradation;
hydroxyl radical;
hydrogen peroxide;
high temperatures;
low humidity;
ionical cross-linking;
radical quencher


(57) Abstract: multicolor display device, the transparent substrate (22), the inkjet printed red and green fluorescent dye onto the substrate (21), deposited conductive layer on the red and green dye (23 ), having the organic blue-emitting layer deposited on the conductive layer (24), and electrical contacts deposited on the blue emitting layer.


Three and four ring liquid crystalline compounds containing two flexible ethane groups or two carboxylic groups and benzene, biphenyl, cyclogexane and bicyclo (2,2,2) octane rings were synthesized and their phase transition temperatures and enthalpies were measured by a DSC calorimeter. These compounds were tested as components of mixtures for display applications. It was found that the diethane compounds, when mixed with two-ring isothiocyanates, form low viscosity mixtures with a broad range of the nematic phase suitable for the TN mode and the diesters form mixtures which are suitable for the STN mode.


The paper proposes a novel approach to mobility in publish/subscribe (pub/sub) systems that relies on notification persistency. The existing solutions apply proxy subscribers that take the role of disconnected subscribers, store notifications published during disconnections, and deliver them to subscribers after reconnection to the pub/sub system. The system perceives a constant number of subscribers which is inefficient if it serves a large number of subscribers that are often disconnected. We argue that the system should not be burdened by proxy subscribers during subscriber disconnections, but rather store persistent notifications, and deliver valid notifications to subscribers when they reconnect to the system. Preliminary experiments show that the proposed solution can improve the observed scalability weakness of the existing solutions.


The decima, popular since ita nriain in sixteenlh-cenlury Spain, entered Lonisiana with late eighteenthcentury selitera frnm lie Canary Islanda. These setilera, knnwn as lie islenos, formed a clnsety-hnund enclave thaI resisled alt nulsidera. Slnwly, hnwever, natural sud ecnnnmicfacin's fssccedlhea, lo leave hehiud Iheir lifestyte of fishing sud trapping sud tu join che adjacent English-speaking cnmrnunilies. Social change nntwithslanding, lhey huye worked usa cnmmunily lo preserve Iheir heritage mio Ihe new millenniurn. One vatued memento nf their tanguage aud culture is Ihe decima. Mixing tradition wilh cnmmunily experiences, Ihe islenns maintained Iraditinnal decimas, adopted nihera, aud created Iheir nwn. Ile lhrce islenn-cnmpnsed decimas-nne frnrn Ihe turn nf Ihe cenlury aud twn nf receul prnduclinn-presenled herr reOcci Ihe slruggte aud frustration nf a peopte whn have reluclanlty given in lo change.


. Abstract algebra provides a large hierarchy of properties that a collection of objects can satisfy, such as forming an abelian group or a semiring. These classifications can arranged into a broad and typically acyclic directed graph. This graph perspective encodes naturally in the typeclass system of theorem provers such as Lean, where nodes can be represented as structures (or records) containing the requisite axioms. This design inevitably needs some form of multiple inheritance; a ring is both a semiring and an abelian group. In the presence of dependently-typed typeclasses that themselves con-sume typeclasses as type-parameters, such as a vector space typeclass which assumes the presence of an existing additive structure, the implementation details of structure multiple inheritance matter. The type of the outer typeclass is influenced by the path taken to resolve the typeclasses it consumes. Unless all these paths are considered judgmentally equal, this is a recipe for disaster. This paper provide a concrete explanation of how these situations arise (reduced from real examples in mathlib ), compares implementation approaches for multiple inheritance by whether judgmental equality is pre-served, and outlines solutions to the problems discovered.


Eugene H. Van Vliet is Principal, Tenafly Senior High School, Tenafly, New Jersey; and Frederic L. Matthews, STACO, Statistical Consultants, Williston Park, Long Island, New York. A PUBLIC school system is re-evaluated every year by the students ~APUBLI and their parents, by the community, by the teachers in the school system, by reference to other school systems, and finally by the colleges. In a


Australia is experiencing an unprecedented infrastructure boom in its largest capital cities through the construction of major transport infrastructure projects. Delivering these projects involves a significant logistics task of transporting millions of tonnes of excavated spoil and construction materials throughout urban road environments using heavy vehicles. Introducing heavy vehicle traffic to road environments shared by popular urban modes of transport such as cycling and walking has the potential to increase road safety risks. This paper provides an overview of the safe systems approach developed on two major transport infrastructure projects to manage road safety during construction. Background and Context Introducing significant heavy vehicle traffic to urban areas presents numerous challenges to the road network, particularly with respect to the safety of vulnerable road users (VRUs). The UK's Transport Research Laboratory (TRL) documented these challenges following the high incidence of VRU fatalities involved with heavy vehicles servicing projects during London's recent construction boom (TRL, 2012). Their findings led to the development of the Construction Logistics and Community Safety (CLOCS) and Fleet Operator Recognition Scheme (FORS). Each scheme aims to create a holistic framework for the management of work-related road risk through improving vehicle safety, driver training and education, and traffic and logistics management. Current and future projects in Australia are of similar scale and complexity, introducing construction heavy vehicles to CBD and inner-urban regions of Sydney and Melbourne where VRUs are overrepresented in casualty crashes. Introducing construction heavy vehicle traffic to road environments currently shared by popular urban modes of transport such as cycling, walking and motorcycling, can introduce undesired road safety risks due to the incompatibility of heavy vehicle design for urban roads and the unprotected nature of VRUs. Safe System Approach during Construction Drawing from the success of CLOCS and FORS and contextualizing these learnings for the Australian environment, Transport for NSW (TfNSW) and Melbourne Metro Rail Authority developed holistic management frameworks, by applying the safe systems approach to road safety, to ensure the safety of public road users interfacing with the construction heavy vehicle traffic generated from the Sydney and Melbourne Metro rail projects (TfNSW, 2016; Victorian State Government, 2016). Each project has focused on improving heavy vehicle safety standards and technology on the project; heavy vehicle driver training and competency; raising public road safety awareness of sharing the road safely with heavy vehicles; alternative methods to spoil removal and developing risk-informed construction traffic and logistics plans coupled with increased assurance and enforcement of haulage operations. Extended Abstract Holmes et al. Proceedings of the 2018 Australasian Road Safety Conference 3 – 5 October 2018, Sydney, Australia For example, recent engagements with the construction road transport industry has seen innovative improvements made to urban heavy vehicle design to minimise vehicle blind spots and fit underrun protection as depicted in Figure 1. Collaboration between industry and government has allowed for development and widespread promotion of TfNSW's Be Truck Aware campaign reaching over 4.4 million people in NSW in 2017. Early engagement and collaboration with road safety agencies within government, VRU groups and the heavy vehicle industry has supported the development and application of the safe system's elements. This has demonstrated the collective desire to improve road safety standards for the immediate project that have long lasting benefits to the industry and community. Figure 1. Construction heavy vehicle fitted with blind spot technology and side underrun protection Lessons Learned and Future Considerations Future long-term major projects should embed a safe system approach to road safety into construction delivery, particularly where road transport operations have the potential to impact public safety. Early engagement and collaboration with industry, government and regulatory authorities is crucial to ensure successful implementation. Considering the pipeline of major infrastructure projects about to commence, establishing the safe system now provides benefits not only during major project delivery, but to local and state governments, industry and all road users, creating a safer road transport system during and beyond construction. Extended Abstract Holmes et al. Proceedings of the 2018 Australasian Road Safety Conference 3 – 5 October 2018, Sydney, Australia References Transport for NSW (2016). Towards Zero – a Safe Systems approach. Retrieved from: http://roadsafety.transport.nsw.gov.au/aboutthecentre/safe-system/index.html Transport Research Laboratory (2012) Construction logistics and cyclist safety Technical Report. Publicly downloadable from: http://content.tfl.gov.uk/construction-logistics-and-cyclistsafety-technical-report.pdf. Victoria State Government (2016). Towards Zero 2016-2020 Road Safety Strategy. Publicly downloadable from: https://www.towardszero.vic.gov.au/what-is-towards-zero/road-safetyaction-plan.


The possibility of training activities for socialization of students with disabilities at the primary education stage in school. The idea reveals the main approaches to the consideration of socialization are considered in conjunction. Presents methods of socialization, realized through the psychological and pedagogical conditions of educational activity. Describes a model of socialization that integrates individual conditions of educational activity in a single complex. Demonstrates how learning activities in General education can be used for socialization of students with disabilities. Identified problematic aspects of the academic component and a component life competence. The social-adaptive abilities of the terms of General primary education. Describes the levels of learning, structure learning tasks for individual and group work, variations in the representation of individual student achievements. Presents methods of evaluation and levels of socialization of pupils with disabilities at different stages of the study. Observed during the experiment educational and training effects.


We have studied the role in pre‐mRNA splicing of the nucleotide sequence preceding the SV40 early region 3′ splice site. Somewhat surprisingly, neither the pyrimidine at the highly conserved −3 position, nor the polypyrimidine stretch that extends from −5 to −15, relative to the 3′ splice site, were found to be required for efficient splicing. Mutations that delete this region or create polypurine insertions at position −2 had no significant effects on the efficiency of SV40 early pre‐mRNA splicing in vivo or in vitro. Interestingly, however, the pyrimidine content of this region had substantial effects on the alternative splicing pattern of this pre‐mRNA in vivo. Mutations that increased the number of pyrimidine residues resulted in more efficient utilization of the large T antigen mRNA 5′ splice site relative to the small t 5′ splice site, while mutations that increased the purine content enhanced small t mRNA splicing. A possible molecular mechanism for these findings, as well as a model that proposes a role for the polypyrimidine stretch in alternative splicing, are discussed.


During re-processing and analysis of the entire ROSAT Wide Field Camera (WFC) pointed observations data base, we discovered a serendipitous, off-axis detection of the cataclysmic variable SW UMa at the onset of its 1997 October superoutburst. Although long outbursts in this SU UMa-type system are known to occur every ∼ 450 d, none had ever been previously observed in the extreme ultra-violet (EUV) by ROSAT. The WFC observations began just ≈13 hr after the optical rise was detected. With a peak count rate of ∼ 4.5 count s−1 in the S1 filter, SW UMa was temporarily the third brightest object in the sky in this waveband. Over the next ≈19 hr the measured EUV flux dropped to < 2 count s−1, while the optical brightness remained essentially static at mv∼11. Similar behaviour has also been recently reported in the EUV light curve of the related SU UMa-type binary OY Car during superoutburst, as reported by Mauche & Raymond. In contrast, U Gem-type dwarf novae show no such early EUV dip during normal outbursts. Therefore, this feature may be common in superoutbursts of SU UMa-like systems. We expand on ideas first put forward by Osaki and Mauche & Raymond and offer an explanation for this behaviour by examining the interplay between the thermal and tidal instabilities that affect the accretion discs in these systems.


donna e. kline, nicholas e. donlou, robert n. lea, james b. lindholm and geoffrey g. shester Institute for Applied Marine Ecology at California State University, Monterey Bay, 100 Campus Center, Seaside, CA 93955, California Department of Fish and Game (retired), Marine Region, 20 Lower Ragsdale Drive, Monterey, California 93940 and California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, California 94118, Oceana, 99 Pacific Street, Suite 155C, Monterey, California, 93940


The complete set of matrix elements for all polarization configurations in top quark decays is presented including higher order QCD corrections. The analysis is done in the framework of the helicity formalism. The results can be used in a variety of circumstances, e.g. in the experimental analysis of top quark production and decay at Tevatron, LHC and NLC. Relations to LEP1 and LEP2 physics are pointed out.


We present the intentional kernel as a new class of kernel functions for structured data. The class is highly contrasted to the convolution kernel, that is a typical class of kernel functions. That is, the convolution kernel is defined with sub-structures, while the intentional kernel is based on derivations constracting structures. We show instances of the intentional kernel for boolean functions, first-order terms, context sensitive languages, and RNA sequences. We also show some properties of the intentional kernel, and discuss the difference between the intentional kernel and the convolution kernel.


A semi‐empirical theory of exciton structure in the presence of an external magnetic field developed from Dresselhaus' effective mass approximation [G. Dresselhaus, J. Phys. Chem. Solids 1, 15 (1956)] has been used to obtain the band parameters at K=0, 0, 0 of CdSe from observed exciton spectra. The theory has been approximated to the case of uniaxial crystals of small anisotropy by the assumption that the effective mass tensor for both the hole and the electron is diagonal, the remaininganisotropy is cylindrical and small and that the anisotropy in the dielectric constant is also cylindrical and small. The exciton spectra of CdSe has been observed and identified by optical reflection, absorption, and Zeeman structure at 1.8°K. The reflection and absorption spectra indicate the presence of two nonoverlapping exciton series. From observed optical selection rules, the conduction band is identified as having Γ7 symmetry. The two series correspond to the Γ9−Γ7 valence band crystal field splitting of approxima...


A gas Cerenkov detector with a 12-MeV threshold for gamma-raydetection has been built for use on the OMEGA laser system to record high-energy gamma rays emitted during DT gas burn. Recording the 16.7-MeV gamma ray while discriminating against the lower energy 14-MeV neutron-induced gammas is an important objective using this detector system. Detector design, sensitivity, and background studies were possible using the Integrated Tiger Series Monte Carlo code modified to include Cerenkov production and full time-history of all particles. The results of this code were iterated with the ASAP optics code to optimize the light collection system, while providing the radiation shielding and stray light baffles to minimize backgrounds. As an initial test of the instrument, 8–20 MeV electrons from the Idaho State University linear accelerator were used in lieu of gamma rays. The primary results of these tests are that electron-produced Cerenkov has been observed and the Cerenkov threshold curve established for this instrument.


The number of social science articles and books appearing each year is growing rapidly. In addition to academic writing, authors from other backgrounds are producing much more in the way of quasi-academic social science. The paper explains the causes of this expansion in writing and recognises that there have been some benefits from the growing volume of literature. Overall, however, it seems that the negative consequences outweigh the positive. So much writing makes it impossible to keep up with the academic literature, encourages readers to take all kinds of short-cuts and often encourages repetition of the same arguments, often by the same authors. Citation indices suggest that rather few articles or books are read by many people. While much of what is written is extremely good, arguably better than ever before, there is too much that is of dubious quality. In my opinion, the proliferation of literature risks damaging the social sciences, academia and indeed society at large. The key problem is that the best fruits of our research are too often ignored. The paper invites the Academy to debate the issue.


We present a case of primary amyloidosis of the urinary bladder, in a man 44 years old, who presented in acute form, haematuria and urinary symptoms. Endoscopically we observed like cotton lesions in trigone area, unidentified, underwent to transuretral resection as unique treatment, with adequate response and no recurrence; pathologist report was amyloidosis of the urinary bladder. There are no reports in the national literature like that. We present this rare case, and review the world literature.


To the Editor: Only a few studies in recent years have investigated the effects of electrical stimulation on fatigue factors1–3; others have noted possible manifestations of fatigue without specifically assessing them statistically.4,5 One of the difficulties in making valid conclusions from the results of, and in making comparisons among, these studies has been the failure to hold all but one electrical stimulation or training variable constant in order to assess the effects of intergroup differences in rest interval, relative magnitude of initial contractions (ie, percentage of maximal voluntary isometric contraction [%MVIC]) in a series of contractions, or contraction duration on force decrement of a number of successive contractions.

The purpose of the study by Binder-Macleod and Guerin ( Phys Ther. 1990;70:619–625) was to assess the effect of different electrical stimulation frequencies on the rate of fatigue.…

[ ARTICLE][1]

 [1]: /lookup/volpage/70/619?iss=10


In this online game, students view a row of space-related objects and choose the one that would come next in the sequence.


This research investigates the perceptions of students within the hospitality management program at Politeknik Negeri Lampung (Polinela) regarding the utilization of Virtual Reality (VR)-based learning in English for Hospitality, a specialized branch of English for Specific Purposes (ESP). With a qualitative approach, the study aims to uncover students' perspectives on both the challenges encountered and the aspects appreciated in the context of VR-based language learning. The participants, comprising 23 individuals, responded to open-ended questions that aimed to delve into their experiences. The findings shed light on the feasibility and effectiveness of VR-based learning, with the majority of participants reporting minimal difficulties. Appreciation for the immersive learning experience, novelty, realism, and engagement factors were evident in their responses. This research contributes to the understanding of incorporating innovative technologies like VR in ESP contexts, highlighting the need to address technical challenges and optimize language support for a diverse learner population. The outcomes offer insights into the potential of VR-based learning to enhance language acquisition within specific vocational domains.