After three quarters of a century using nuclear fission to produce energy, Nuclear Reactor Safety and Risk constitutes an established technological sector. A key feature is continuous updating following new discoveries and progress in knowledge, resulting in extensive and elaborate safety methodologies, which are still not internationally accepted, generally applicable or technically consistent. Each country developed its own methods, guides, traditions and requirements to deal with evolving design, safety, siting and licensing issues. There is a clear parallel in societal risk perception between nuclear radiation exposure in accidents and viral infection in pandemics and the fear of the "unknown". Unfortunately, over the last 20–30 years the declining introduction of electricity by nuclear fission in the countries that contributed most to its earliest development also has broken the bond between new scientific advancements and improvements of existing safety methodologies. By looking at the origins and fundaments of nuclear technology, we consider the following topics of both deterministic and probabilistic interest: a) Loss of Coolant analysis; b) nuclear fuel accident performance weaknesses; c) role of containment and ultimate heat sinks; d) residual risk and emergency system deployment, and e) independent and risk informed decision making assessment. As a key outcome, we propose modifying the traditional licensing methodology, and the use of active and/or passive systems by being subsumed into a broader Engineered Safety Features Management process. Furthermore, we emphasize the need of connecting the As Low As Reasonably Achievable principle with the analyses to demonstrate the safety of nuclear installations minimizing the need for excessive "paper" safety analyses and licensing efforts.


Sudden environmental pollution accident frequency while a small, but extremely harmful[1], sudden environmental pollution accident is a threat to human health, damage to the environment an important factor in restricting the harm the ecological balance and economic and social development[2]. The unexpected deal with pollution incidents, must be timely, fast, easy, accurate, and can effectively deal with and control of pollution incidents, and thus only the use of monitoring equipment will be able to meet the demand for emergency monitoring. The author of benzene spill in a traffic accident as a case, the scene of the accident using advanced portable FTIR gas analyzer to monitor the ambient air quality, portable gas chromatograph to monitor the water quality of quality, convenient, efficient and reliable instrument for the pollution monitoring successfully dealt with the accident to provide a scientific basis, summed up the experience to deal with the accident after a similar deal with emergencies provide a reference to pollution incidents.


Magic can be used in project-based instruction to motivate students and provide a meaningful context for learning computer programming. This work describes several magic programs of the "Choose a Number" and "Pick a Card" varieties, making connections to underlying computing concepts. Magic tricks presented as demonstrations and programming assignments elicit wonder and captivate students' attention, so that students want to understand and replicate the work to show it to friends and family members. Capturing student interest and curiosity motivates them to learn the underlying programming concepts. Two "Choose a Number" programs are shown where the computer is able to identify a user's choice among many alternatives: 1. Magic Letter: A table of numbers with associated random letters is displayed. Participants make choices and the computer identifies their chosen letter. 2. Number Boxes: The user chooses a secret number, for example the age at which their business becomes successful and is sold. The user indicates which boxes displayed on the screen contain their age, and the computer then identifies their secret number. Two "Pick a Card" varieties are shown, where board pieces represent cards, the user selecting one of them that the computer later identifies: 1. Secret Tile: A grid of black/white tiles are displayed, where the computer verifies which secret tile selected by a volunteer has been flipped. 2. Twenty-one Card Magic: Twenty-one cards are selected from a shuffled deck and displayed face-up, with a volunteer choosing a secret card. After repeated stacking and re-dealing, the secret card is identified. These examples illustrate computing concepts and can be used in classroom explanations and programming assignments. Links are given to online playable versions, assignment descriptions, and magic-themed resources in computing.


Mechanical behaviour of unidirectional CFRP laminates using various stiffness PAN-based carbon fibres were investigated. Axial tensile, compressive and flexural properties and their scatters were evaluated and related to each fracture mechanism suggested from observation results. Such basic experimental approach led the cause of strength scattering to be identified, therefore, optimum material design for unidirectional CFRP laminate was proposed under each loading condition.


The purpose of the study is to investigate the knowledge levels of preservice teachers in spectrophotometry and vitamin C, and to search their views on usage of spectrophotometers in education. Survey method was used within the study. While the population includes the students of Department of Science Education-Mugla University, the sample includes 64 of these students which were determined by stratified sampling. A knowledge level test and semistructured interview were used in the data collection process. Findings showed that the spectrophotometry and Vitamin C knowledge levels of most of the preservice teachers were partly sufficient. Interviews were briefly concluded on the opinions which indicated that the usage of spectrophotometers in education could be appropriate and useful.


The formation of an organisation for natural gas producers along the lines of the Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) came a step closer in April 2007 at a meeting in Qatar of the Gas Exporting Countries Forum. An expert panel was set up to study pricing, infrastructure and the relationship between producers and consumers. Russia and Qatar deny they want to establish a gas cartel, but the forum is considering closer cooperation on pricing, technology-sharing and investment priorities. Any moves that could involve formal cooperation on pricing and production would be opposed by consumer nations and some leading producers.


ABSTRACT

One of problems for students in studying English in the class is Vocabulary Mastery. The vocabulary mastery is a main key to master listening, speaking, reading, and writing English skills. Therefore, a teacher needs appropriate vocabulary teaching technique. The technique is teaching vocabulary through sensory preferences of learning style. They are visual, auditory, and tactile- kinesthetic.
The aim of this research is to know the effectiveness and significant difference of teaching vocabulary through sensory preferences of learning style to the seventh grade students of SMP Diponegoro 10 Pekuncen, Banyumas. The type of this research is quantitative and experimental. For validity and reliability of data, try-out test was calculated by using SPSS 16.0 software program. After that, the new objective test was designed; the new objective test is valid and reliable ones.
The taken data were from the objective vocabulary test. By applying a random sampling technique, the valid and reliable total samples of Pre-test after being calculated are 42 students. The samples are divided into two groups; experimental and the control group. Then, the data were analyzed using the t-test method to find out the significant difference between the experimental group (using sensory preferences of learning style) as a treatment, and the control group (conventional technique). Furthermore, the Post-test data of treatment group is analyzed by using multiple linear regression analysis to reveal the most significant value of sensory preferences of learning style.
The research results analysis of Independent Samples T-Test, the experimental group mean is = 84.76, and the control group mean is = 75.52. There is 13.59% improvement difference in the two groups. Thus, teaching Vocabulary through sensory preferences of learning style is better than Teaching Vocabulary conventionally. Besides, it can also be concluded that the t calculation value obtained (8.154) > t table (1.684), so H0 is refused and accept the H1 (alternative). Thus, the hypothesis that states that "there is a significant difference between teaching Vocabulary through sensory preferences of learning style and teaching Vocabulary without sensory preferences of learning style" is accepted. Furthermore, based on the regression coefficients table, the and t value among visual, auditory, and tactile-kinesthetic, the visual sensory preference of learning style has the lowest p value (p value=0.01) and the biggest t value (t value=4.151). Thus, the visual sensory preference of learning style has the most significant influence of all sensory preferences in vocabulary mastery.


Light-trails communication (Chlamtac and Gumaste, 2003) proposes a solution for implementing a conceptual framework for IP centric communication in the optical domain which is a combination of node architecture and protocol for realizing efficient optical communications from IP bursts to dynamic lightpaths. In this paper we introduce a Light-trails solution that is applicable to mesh networks. Contrary to existing proposals for IP type communication in the optical domain light-trail node architecture also presents the first practically implementable solution to enable optical transport with mature technology, nonstringent optical switching requirements, and potentially presents a cost effective alternative to electronics in supporting IP networks.


Currently,student dormitory superintendent team in colleges and universities is of low quality.The minimum requirements for appointing superintendents should be raised and they should be strictly examined.The cultivation and training of the superintendents should be enhanced to raise specialty level,reasonably incentive mechanism for competition between them should be established to motivate their activeness and initiative.Humanized management should be conducted to protect and bring their activeness into full play.


The microstructure of porous silicon layers has been studied by means of x‐ray diffraction. Using a double‐crystal diffractometer, the observed diffraction patterns give directly the mismatch between the lattice parameters of the porous layers and of the substrate, and the curvature of various porous silicon samples obtained in different conditions. From measurements with the same experimental set‐up, but with a larger scan range, broad diffuse bumps produced by the pore structure have been observed. This new feature allows us to obtain structural informations on the porous silicon in a nondestructive way. In particular, we have observed the anisotropic pattern showing a preferential elongation of the pores perpendicular to the (100) surface.


Methods and apparatus for detecting brand exposure in media streams and laying down areas of interest in the associated video image frames in the disclosed: An apparent here exemplary method for determination of brand exposures in a media stream includes a determination of whether a detected in a corresponding media content media stream scene coincides with a reference scene, an identification of an expected area of interest in the detected scene on the basis of information which describes the reference scene if it is determined that the detected scene matches the reference scene and the reference scene is not specified as a scene without interest and a determination of whether one of the reference scene identified associated reference mark identification in the detected in the scene, expected area of interest is included. One disclosed herein exemplary method for specifying an area of interest in an associated graphical representation includes a determination of an initial template region to indicate the region of interest, the position of which is based on a selected in the graphical representation of the first point, a determination of a first modification to be carried out of the initial template region in response to a second, selected in the graphical representation site, a detection of the second selected location in the graphical representation, and a ...


At present,the development of internal audit of China has relatively lagged behind.Risk even exists in internal audit because of reduced auditing authority caused by less independent auditing organization,the complexity of auditing objects,the expanded audit scope,the uncertainty of auditing procedures and methods as well as the uneven quality of auditing staff.The diversity of these causes has become a major obstacle to the development of the internal audit.Therefore,the internal audit staff should correctly understand the audit risk,trying their best to establish independence and authority of the internal audit,strengthen the control of internal accounting,regulate the internal audit procedures and methods,improve audit quality by using modern technology and tools,raise the professional level of audit staff,improve internal audit work and improve the efficiency and quality of the internal audit.


We have launched a new research and education project at Hitotsubashi University on 'Natural Resource-based Economies (NRE)' sponsored by the Norinchukin Bank scince the fiscal year of 2009. The project name is 'Policy Research for Sustainable Development of the Natural Resource-based Industries and Communities'. In the project we propose to understand so-called 'primary industries' such as agriculture and rural communities which are mainly dependent on 'primary industries' as the most important one of NRE. The NRE are supported by various kinds of the natural ecosystem services. According to the above theoretical framework of NER concept, this article examines three basic issues ( 1) the issue of policy priority for agriculture and rural communities, 2) the issue of agricultural land use and management of rural resources, 3) the issue of human resources and their capacity building for agriculture and rural communities) in focussing the recent situation of Japan in order to secure the rural sustainability in the 21th century.


T-type three-level converter is widely used in high-current and low- voltage fields owing to its small number of power devices, low on state loss and high power density. Midpoint potential balance control of T-type converter is one of its key technologies. The neutral point potential imbalance increases harmonic distortion rate of output voltage and current, and reduce service life of DC side capacitor. This paper proposes midpoint potential balance control strategy in view of PIR-controlled zero-sequence voltage to control offset and fluctuation of midpoint potential. Functional model between midpoint current, reactive current and active current and the functional link between SPWM and SVPWM are established. The control strategy is simple in calculation and fast in dynamic response. It can realize midpoint potential balance domination under different power factors and the suppression of low-frequency voltage pulsation. Ultimately, simulations verify the effectiveness and correctness of proposed domination tactics.


A complex structural-phase state is revealed by Monte Carlo investigations in a Cu 3 Pt alloy during the order– disorder transition, which involves atomic ordering and structural transformation. Under thermal cycling of the alloy, its plot for the difference between the free energies per atom in the disordered and partially ordered states has a hysteresis loop. An analysis of the temperature dependences of the difference between configurational energy and combinatorial entropy of a partially disordered state shows that it is the internal energy that plays the leading part rather than the system's entropy. Under thermal cycling, there is a hysteresis loop in the region of low stability states of the system, the loops being also observed both in the configurational energy plots and those of the combinatorial entropy: under heating and cooling the system is found to be in differing structural-phase states. The region of low-stability states is noted by peculiar domain structure: a so-called tangled domain structure indicating the absence of predominating phases or domains. This tangled domain structure evidences of a thermodynamically indefinite structural state of the system, at which the symmetry of its structural components could be different. The thermodynamic stimuli of a transformation are very few, which results in a wide range of possible structural states observed in the system.


A critical component of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is the communications system. It is in charge of transmitting information from the aircraft to the base station and sending configurations to the aircraft. It is important to keep safe the communication link, considering that energy resources limit the autonomy of operation of the aircraft. For this reason, this paper presents a low complex smart antenna system that manages the transmission power of the communication system based on aircraft position using the positioning module that it is part of the equipment of the aircraft.


We examine the first ATLAS Collaboration 8 TeV 5.8/fb supersymmetry (SUSY) multijet data observations in the context of No-Scale Flipped SU(5) with extra TeV-Scale vector-like flippon multiplets, dubbed F-SU(5), finding that the recent 8 TeV collider data is statistically consistent with our prior 7 TeV results. Furthermore, we synthesize all currently ongoing experiments searching for beyond the Standard Model (BSM) physics with this fit to the 8 TeV data, establishing a suggestive global coherence within a No-Scale F-SU(5) high-energy framework. The SUSY mass scale consistent with all BSM data consists of the region of the F-SU(5) model space within 660 ~< M_{1/2} ~< 760 GeV, which corresponds to sparticle masses of 133 ~< M(chi_1^0) ~< 160 GeV, 725 ~< M(t_1) ~< 845 GeV, and 890 ~< M(g) ~< 1025 GeV. We suggest that the tight non-trivial correspondence between the SUSY multijets, direct and indirect searches for dark matter, proton decay, rare-decay processes, the observed Higgs boson mass, and the measured dark matter relic density, is strongly indicative of a deeper fundamental relationship. We additionally suggest a simple mechanism for enhancing the capture efficiency of F-SU(5) SUSY multijets, which results in a 93% suppression in ATLAS reported background events, but only a 27% decrease in Monte Carlo simulated F-SU(5) multijet events.


Mechanical and Management Engineering are some of the stakeholders involved in product development, with different competencies. They must share the responsibility for best solution identification to accordingly answer the customer needs and to authorize the production of products that can have success with a positive economic return. Higher education curricula should prepare such professionals, and this is the reason because courses of product design are proposed to such classes. Even the programmes of the corresponding courses are necessarily different the part related to concept generation is similar. The work aims is to identify analogies and differences between the classes of Mechanical Engineering and Management Engineering, both in the way of leading the generation of concepts and in how the concepts generated have eventually reached the goals of innovation. BrainWriting is a method that can allow students to be productive in concept generation and is based on the two steps of sketching and gallery. This ability must be conjointly employed with the functional study of the problem to be solved. These aspects must be learned by students to avoid fixation, the inconvenience to repeat indefinitely only what is already known. The design alternatives generated by teams of students will be assessed by teachers and experts in the field, following the method proposed by Shah. After such classification, further comparison between the two classes will be done to identify the aspects of the cultural imprinting of such future professionals.


An analytical model that incorporates time-dependent effects (creep and shrinkage) was developed to predict the long-term deflection of cracked reinforced concrete beams under sustained loading. The deflection model includes both bending and shear effects. Correspondingly, experimental studies were conducted to verify the analytical model. Eight specimens were precracked with a diagonal crack width of 0.2–0.3 mm and tested under sustained loading for three months. It was found that the contribution of shear effect to long-term deflection is significant. The predicted deflections including both bending and shear deformations agree very well with experimental measurements. In addition, formulas for calculating creep coefficients from strain increments were derived that provide an approach to calibrating the code specifications. The effects of different creep coefficients on the prediction of time-dependent deformations were discussed.


Concerns the sociophilosophical and cultural analysis of Valerian Muravyov's heritage (1885-1930). He was a Russian cosmist of the "second generation" and the author of ideas that were original in his times and are still novel challenging the contemporary world outlook. Those ideas are gradually penetrating into the scientific discourse thus becoming an asset of the Russian and global intellectual environment. The author reveals the content and universal cultural significance of the main Muravyov's intentions including his outlines of hypostatic logics and anthropological mathematics, images of the social conciliarhypostatic All, the idea of the recurrence of the Entity, and other. Muravyov's approaches to the perfection of a human being together with the major tracks of the cultural evolutionary ascent of the Homo sapiens are also examined. The author makes an attempt to comprehend holistically Muravyov's heritage and theoretically codify it within the context of the contemporary world outlook revealing the general logic and internal contingency of his cosmistic thoughts and ideas. The author argues that Muravyov's insights go with the trend of historically veridical scientific and technological progress of humanity and that they are fully consistent with the trends in the development of information technologies.


Recently, the shortcomings of current security solutions in protecting web servers and web applications against web-based attacks have encouraged many researchers to work on web intrusion detection systems (WIDSs). In this paper, a host-based web anomaly detection system is presented which analyzes the POST and GET requests processed and logged in web servers' access log files. A special kind of web access log file is introduced which eliminates the shortcomings of common log files for defining legitimate users' sessions boundaries. Different features are extracted from this access log file in order to model the operations of the system. For the detection task, we propose the use of a novel approach inspired by the natural immune system. The capability of the proposed mechanism is evaluated by comparing the results to some well-known neural networks. The results indicate high ability of the immune inspired system in


The problem of designing sliding mode controllers for a class of linear systems with time delays was concerned. The original system with both input and state time delays was first rewritten into a form without any time delays by a nonsingular linear transformation. Then the sliding mode controller was designed based on the transformed system. The quadratic performance index optimal control technique was introduced to design the optimal sliding mode. By applying reaching law approach, the selected control law ensures that all trajectories starting off the manifold reach it in finite time and have low chattering in the sliding motion. Finally, a sufficient asymptotic stability condition of the original system was proposed. The efficiency and superiority of the proposed method were demonstrated by simulation study.


A series of novel quinoxaline heterocycle containing angiotensin II receptor antagonist analogs were prepared. This heterocycle was coupled to the biphenyl moiety via an oxygen atom linker instead of a carbon atom. Many of these analogs exhibit very potent activity and long duration of effect. Interestingly, the N-oxide quinoxaline analog was more potent than the nonoxidized quinoxaline as in the comparison of compounds 5 vs 30. In order to improve oral activity, the carboxylic acid function of these compounds was converted to the double ester. This change did result in an improvement in oral activity as represented by compound 44.


Salicylate selective electrodes based on oxo(phthalocyanato)-vanadium(IV) [VO(Pc), vanadyl phthalocyanine] and oxo-(phthalocyanato)molybdenum(IV) [MoO(Pc), molybdenyl phthalocyanine] are described. The electrodes were prepared by incorporating the ionophores into plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) membranes, which were directly coated on the surface of graphite electrodes. The resulting electrodes demonstrate Nernstian responses over a wide linear range (10−7-10−1M) salicylate. The electrodes have a fast response time, submicromolar detection limit, and could be used over the pH range of 6–9. The proposed sensors revealed selectivity for salicylate over a number of common inorganic and organic anions. The influence of lipophilic cationic and anionic additives on the response properties of the electrodes was investigated. Highest sensitivity and the widest linear dynamic range were observed for the electrodes in the presence of trioctylmethylammonium chloride as a lipophilic cationic additive. The electrodes were successfully applied to the determination of salicylate in pharmaceutical preparations.


This paper introduces the MIROR Platform, an innovative adaptive device for music and dance education, proposed in the framework of the EU-ICT project MIROR-Musical Interaction Relying On Reflexion. In concluding the MIROR project, 3 software applications (MIROR-Impro, MIROR-Compo and MIROR-Body Gesture) and the draft version of the User's and Teacher's Guides have been accomplished. In this paper, the technological and pedagogical principles of the MIROR platform, notably the "reflexive interaction" paradigm, the 3 applications and related experiments will be introduced. Finally, the draft of the full architecture of the platform is presented.


Research works regarding vehicular communications usually obviate assessing the proposals in scenarios including adverse vehicle densities, despite such scenarios are q uite common in real urban environments. In this paper, we study the effect of these hostile conditions on the performance of different schemes providing warning message disseminatio n. We then propose the Junction Store and Forward (JSF) and the Nearest Junction Located (NJL) schemes, which were specially designed to be used in very low and very high density scenario s, respectively. Simulation results using real maps demonstr ate how our proposed schemes are able to outperform existing warnin g message dissemination schemes in urban environments under hostile vehicle density conditions.


We analyze the performance of the type-I automatic repeat request (ARQ) protocol with ultra-reliability constraints. First, we show that achieving a very low packet outage probability by using an open loop setup is a difficult task. Thus, we introduce the ARQ protocol as a solution for achieving the required low outage probabilities for ultra reliable communication. For this protocol, we present an optimal power allocation scheme that would allow us to reach any outage probability target in the finite block-length regime. We formulate the power allocation problem as minimization of the average transmitted power under a given outage probability and maximum transmit power constraint. By utilizing the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions, we solve the optimal power allocation problem and provide a closed form solution. Next, we analyze the effect of implementing the ARQ protocol on the throughput. We show that by using the proposed power allocation scheme we can minimize the loss of throughput that is caused from the retransmissions. Furthermore, we analyze the effect of the feedback delay length in our scheme.


The aim of this work was to improve the existing technology of deep anisotropic etching of silicon for its application in the manufacture of three-dimensional TSV structures, namely, to increase the selectivity to the mask and reduce the surface roughness.


In the paper, based on the model reduction theory of neurodynamics and the polynomial regression algorithm, the nine-dimension one-compartment complex model of CA1 pyramid neuron developed by David[J Neurophysiol, 2006, 96: 1912-1926] is reduced by computer simulation, and the two-dimension reduced neuron model is obtained. This investigation provides a simple and convenient method to reduce the high dimension complex neuron model. And it is helpful to investigate deeply the high dimension complex neuron model's dynamic characteristics and functions by the neurodynamic theory.


The results of research on ordinary chernozem in the grain-steam crop rotation to identify new promising, stable varieties for modern technologies of winter wheat cultivation, taking into account changes in arid agro-climatic conditions of the Volga region, are presented. Under contrasting weather conditions for 2019-2021, when testing 29 varieties of soft wheat, it was revealed that grain yield ranged from 2.24-3.27 t/ha (2019) up to 5.31-6.95 t/ha (2020). The maximum average grain yield for three years was formed by the varieties Marathon, Basis, Blizzard and Kalach 60 – 4,47-4,60 t/ha. The varieties of the semi-intensive type Alternative, Volga Niva, Volga Nov from -2.61 to -2.79 differed the greatest stress resistance in years with contrasting weather conditions. By genetic flexibility (Ymin+Ymax/2) the varieties Marathon and Lilith varieties Kalach 60, Lydia, Alternative, Pearl of the Volga region, Blizzard, Scepter, Novoershovskaya, Basis – 4.57-4.88 t/ha stood out. The practically functional relationship (r=0.93+0.03) of the average yield over the years of research with the average in the years of contrasting moisture availability contributed to the selection of such most adapted varieties as Marathon, Lilit, Kalach 60, Lydia, Alternative, Pearl of the Volga region, Blizzard, Novoershovskaya, Scepter, Basis, which are recommended for cultivation of winter wheat in arid conditions Volga region.


The relations of adjoined properties are based on the property relations among owners of adjoined houses. The subjects of the adjoined property legal relations possess the partitive ownership, common ownership, neighboring right and membership. Partitive ownership is the right to own the apartment itself and the platform. The common ownership is the right for all owners in the same building to share all or part of the facilities and the structure of the building.


This paper examines the rapid climate change in Pakistan and national environmental discourse. This also observes the dominant understandings on the topic which problematizes the standard assumptions and interrogates the geographical literature on this particular subject. The main area of "climate change adaptation" is selected for the analysis which is a major part of "National Climate Change Policy of Pakistan 2012" in which five sub divisional partitions, "Water Resources, Agriculture and Live Stock, Human Health, Forestry and Biodiversity" exist. There are several factors interlinked in the crucial climate change situation in the country and different kinds of discourses are used at different levels to describe the whole situation in Pakistan. Critical discourse analysis of national climate change policy brings the clear picture in front of the whole world and it shows the Pakistan's vulnerability in specific areas to climate change. Several policy measures have been presented, which are analyzed on different levels of discourse with shallow environmentalism and deep ecology. This paper will be helpful for the discourse analysts as well as the national climate change policy makers in Pakistan.


Communication between cells and the surrounding environment is a crucial mechanism for survival. Integrins are membrane-bound molecules that are involved in signaling between the cells and the extracellular matrix, thereby influencing cytoskeletal stability and intracellular signaling. β3 integrin and its binding partner αv form the αvβ3 heterodimer that is expressed in various cells. We and others have described the consequences of its absence in inflammation, atherosclerosis and cancer in vivo. However, the distinct role of this integrin as a signaling molecule and the consequences of its absence for macrophage structure remain mostly elusive.

Our aim is to further characterize the phenotype of β3-deficient (β3-/-) bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) under stimulatory conditions (LPS and LDLs) compared to control cells in vitro.

qPCR, WB, ELISA, migration, proliferation assays were used to investigate β3-/- BMDM and controls (wt BMDM and Raw 264.7).

LPS was described to be not only pro- but also anti-inflammatory in a time-dependent manner. We show that LPS stimulation leads to high expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNFα) shortly after treatment, while expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) arises at a later stage (12h post stimulation). Interestingly, β3-/- BMDM express more IL-1β than controls. IL-10 expression appears much earlier in β3-/- BMDM (6h post stimulation) but is reduced after 12h, indicating a faster and higher cellular response in the absence of the β3 integrin.

OxLDL, the leading cause to foam cell formation, stimulates the expression of IL-1β in controls and β3-/- BMDM with the latter expressing significantly less of this cytokine indicating that lack of β3 causes differential cellular responses after LPS and oxLDL stimulation. Other LDL forms tested (nLDL, acLDL, cLDL) did not have any effect on IL-1β expression.

In addition, we identified a higher proliferation rate in the β3-/- BMDM when cultured with M-CSF and a migration deficit in response to LPS, M-CSF and VEGF.

Taken together, our results show that macrophage β3 deficiency causes differential cellular plasticity depending on the stimulus, with functional consequences that could be essential in inflammation and atherosclerosis.


Computers are increasingly widespread, influencing many aspects of our social and work lives. As we move into a technology-based society, it is important that classroom experiences with computers are made available for all students. The purpose of this study is to examine pre-service teachers' attitudes towards computers. This study extends the technology acceptance model (TAM) framework, with subjective norm and facilitating conditions acting as external variables. Results shows that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and subjective norm were significant determinants of pre-service computer attitudes. Facilitating conditions did not influence computer attitude directly but through perceived ease of use. These findings demonstrate that social norm and facilitating conditions are potential variables that may be used to extend the TAM for research on computer attitudes.


Objective To investigate the expression of GRP78 and caspase4,which are both endoplasmic reticulum stress associated molecules,in the resceted temporal cortex from patients with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy and explore the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in the brain injury of human temporal lobe epilepsy.Methods The specimens were obtained from 32 patients with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy.Immunohistochemistry and western blot were used to determine the expression levels of GRP78 and caspase4,and compared to the controls with sex and age matched.Results GRP78 and caspase4 were obviously upregulated in the epilepsy brain if compared with the controls(P0.05).Conclusion Chronic epilepsy induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and caspase4 may invlove in injury brain after repeated seizures,which may provide a new therapeutic target to prevent brain damage caused by eplilepsy.


The conceptual design of the Medium-energy Electron-Ion Collider (MEIC) at Jefferson Lab relies on an ultra-small beta-star to achieve high luminosities of up to 10{sup 34} cm{sup -2} s{sup -1}. A low-beta insertion for interaction regions unavoidably induces large chromatic effects that demand a proper compensation. The present approach of chromatic compensation in the MEIC collider rings is based on a local correction scheme using two symmetric chromatic compensation blocks that includes families of sextupoles, and are placed in a beam extension area on both sides of a collision point. It can simultaneously compensate the first order chromaticity and chromatic beam smear at the IP without inducing significant second order aberrations. In this paper, we investigate both the momentum acceptance and dynamic aperture in the MEIC ion collider ring by considering the aberration effects up to the third order, such as amplitude dependent tune shift. We also explore the compensation of the third order effects by introducing families of octupoles in the extended beam area.


Though masonry buildings are most impacted during earthquakes, and the construction of masonry structure cannot be completely avoided in all part of the earth, there is no proper study regarding the behavior of masonry structure regarding seismic performance analysis and design. Detailed analysis of masonry structures requires a detailed micro-modeling technique using finite element method which requires complex calculation and numerous parameters for analysis. In this paper, an approximated simplified finite element computational technique for non-linear analysis of masonry wall is proposed using sensitivity analysis for the flow parameter of masonry wall using a macro-modeling approach in which the masonry unit and mortar are homogenized into a single panel. An experimental wall in which the nonlinear analysis was performed was considered and numerical simulation using a macro-modeling approach is performed with the experimental properties in ABAQUS Software. With making numerical model, tensile and compressive stress-strain curve were obtained which were used to prepare concrete damage plasticity model for the modelling of masonry wall. The sensitivity analysis was performed for the determination of viscosity parameter and dilation angle. The model is prepared and run with various changing values of viscosity parameter and the one that matches with the experimental result was selected. In the same way, the model is prepared for various changing values of dilation angle and the one that matches with the experimental result was selected. The final model was prepared with the values of dilation angle and viscosity parameters thus prepared and the nonlinear force displacement relation was obtained. Thus obtained, non-linear force displacement curve is compared with the actual experimental force-displacement curve.


This article discusses strengthening the nationalism of the perspectives of Sheikh Nawawi al-Bantani and M. Quraish Sihab using qualitative research methods with the type of whiteness research. The results of the study concluded that First, nationalism still has problems in terms of views among certain Islamic groups. This can be proven by the existence of radical movements and terrorism in Indonesia which still do not accept the concept of an Indonesian state order with pancasila ideology.Secondly, According to Quraish Sihab nationalism must be built with (1) the unity and unity of a nation. (2) a nation must have a hereditary origin. (3) have a language. In the Quran, it is explained that among the signs of the greatness of Allah Swt. are the variety of languages used by humans according to their respective tribes. (4) good customs must be traditionalized and discard bad customs. (5) loving a person is a sign of a person having perfect faith. Third, Sheikh Nawawi in his book was angry to explain that to strengthen and build nationalism, a peaceful state must be created. This is based on the postulate of the Quran surah Al-Baqarah verse 126.


Let C be a smooth genus g ≥ 2. Here we describe the set of all degree d scrolls on C if d ≥ 6g − 4. Mathematics Subject Classification: 14H60; 14J26; 14N05


Female alates of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren did not develop ovaries when exposed to dosages as low as 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, or 1.0 mg per colony of the insect growth regulator,...


ABSTRACT The National Association of Teachers of Singing (NATS) is the largest organization of voice teachers in the world with over 7,000 members. This historical investigation tells the story of the five founding presidents of NATS, all of whom who advocated standards, education, and certification for voice teachers through their writings—and the writings of the leaders they appointed—in The Bulletin (1944–1954), the primary publication of the association. The author argues that the "pocketbook" theme of financial self-interest and protection, which initially propelled their efforts to regulate voice teaching, eventually led to the abandonment of this initial goal. NATS leaders soon realized that if they continued to insist upon an exclusive organization that favored stringent membership requirements and advocated the highest standards for voice teacher education and certification, they would soon lose the "pocketbooks" of the current and future members needed to keep the organization alive and viable.


The screening of the electron-phonon and Coulomb interactions in an electron gas is considered with use of various forms of the exchange correction term G(q). A solution of the Eliashberg equations including G(q) is achieved with conventional approximations, and the resulting superconducting transition temperatures T/sub c/ are found to be very sensitive to the form of exchange. Smooth functional forms of G(g), such as the Hubbard model, yield only small deviations from the random-phase approximation, which greatly overestimates T/sub c/ for simple metals such as Na and Li. However, an exchange function with a peak near qapprox. =2k/sub F/ (e.g., the forms proposed by Devreese and independently by Overhauser) greatly reduces T/sub c/ and may explain the mysterious absence of superconductivity in simple metals such as Na, Li, and Rb. These many-body effects may also be significant in superconductors with more complex energy-band structures.


The height irregularity and complexity of steel structures bring difficulties to dynamic deformation monitoring. PDMS (photogrammetric dynamic monitoring system) can obtain the dynamic deformation of the steel structure, but the flexibility of monitoring is limited because the camera station can only be placed on the ground. In this study, UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) -PDMS is innovatively proposed to be used in monitoring dynamic deformation of steel structures, and it is verified in the steel frame test and Jinan Olympic Sports Center Tennis Stadium test. To solve the problem that the attitude of UAV cannot be strictly maintained in the hovering process, the improved Z-MP (zero-centered motion parallax) method is used, and the monitoring results are compared with the original Z-MP method. The feasibility of UAV-PDMS applied to steel structure deformation monitoring and the feasibility of improving the Z-MP method to reduce UAV hovering error are verified. The monitoring results showed that the steel structures of the Jinan Olympic Sports Center Tennis Stadium were robust, and the deformations were elastic and within the permissible value.


Despite the traditional assumption that ecotourists are homogenous, recent theoretical and empirical studies have shown that the ecotourism market is heterogeneous. While methodology and terminology used to segment the ecotourism market differs from study to study, most studies contain elements of a soft and hard spectrum of ecotourists. The spectrum of soft and hard ecotourism originally developed by Weaver and Lawton (2001) identifies 10 behaviour based characteristics of ecotourists. The model was developed through behaviour based market segmentation, which differs from other empirical studies of ecotourism market segmentation, which tend to focus on motivations and values. This paper argues that there is a research opportunity in integrating values and motivational factors into the behaviour based model to develop a deeper understanding of ecotourism market segments.


Objective: Ultrasonography (USG) and Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become a valuable diagnostic modality for the evaluation of musculoskeletal pathologies. Aim of the study was to evaluate usefulness of ultrasound and MRI in diagnosis and further management of various musculoskeletal pathologies and to compare the usefulness of USG with colour doppler and MRI in imaging of musculoskeletal system.
Methods: A prospective study of 90 patients with musculoskeletal pathology was carried. The study group consists of patients with complain of pain, swelling, deformity, restriction of movements and / or history of trauma to soft tissue. These patients were first subjected to ultrasound examination. Patients with positive USG findings involving muscle and tendon were undergone MRI. The result of USG and MRI then evaluated and compared.
Results: In our study, Males were more commonly affected than females. Majority of patients had traumatic etiology. Most commonly affected region was thigh. Shoulder was more prone to trauma. Younger age group commonly showed Infective pathologies, Traumatic pathologies were more seen in middle age group while older age group showed malignant neoplasms.
Conclusion: Both USG and MRI are quite useful modalities for diagnosis of musculoskeletal pathologies. Advantages of sonography is its easy availability, low cost with dynamic capability, repeatability and comparison with opposite side favouring its use in initial basic investigation while MRI provides better soft tissue contrast, multiplanner capability and helps in delineating the location of lesion and in staging of tumour


The neurogenic responses of cerebral arteries of humans and the monkey were compared with those of the dog. α-Adrenoceptors in these cerebral arteries were also characterized by radioligand-binding studies. In human posterior communicating arteries, the contractile response to electrical transmural stimulation was attenuated by treatment with phentolamine in 41% of preparations tested, but not affected by aspirin. The responses in the monkey and canine arteries were not attenuated by treatment with phentolamine, but were reduced by aspirin in 60 and 73% of the cases, respectively. Reactivity and affinity to exogenous noradrenaline were comparable in human and monkey arteries, but greater than those of canine arteries. Radioligand-binding assays revealed binding sites for [3H]prazosin in the human and monkey cerebral arteries; the KD and Bmax values were not significantly different between the two species. Such binding sites were not detected in canine arteries. Binding sites for [3H]yohimbine were present in the arteries of the three species. Thus, the neurogenic contractile response of human cerebral arteries may be at least in part adrenergic in nature, while that of monkey and canine arteries may be due to neurogenically occurring arachidonate. α-Adrenoceptors in the monkey arteries are similar to those in humans.


Objective:To investigate the influence of L-selectin on experimental allergic encephalomyelitis(EAE) of Wistar rats by the treatment of Colquhoumai root tablet.Methods:The animal models were established in rats by immunization with myelin basic protein of spinal cord of guinea pig and complete Freund's adjuvant.On the base of the animal models,Colquhoumai root tablet was administered with dose(600mg.kg-1.d-1) in treatment groups.The symptom of EAE was observed;pathological feature and myelin of brain and spinal were detected with HE stain and Loyez's stain respectively.The levels of L-selectin were detected by immunohistochemistry.Results:None developed EAE in therapy groups.The levels of L-selectin was 1.88±0.64,obviously lower than that of model groups(P0.05).Inflammation cells which around vessels and demyelization in white matter of brain and spinal cords were reduced.Conclusions:Colquhoumai root tablet can treat EAE.Mechanisms of Colquhoumai root tablet on EAE may be correlated with its ability to depress the expression of L-selectin.


The phenomenon of interculturality/multiculturality it is a demographic reality as a result of globalization, talent flow, forced migration, and family reunification. Multiculturalism is slowly occurring even in countries that have not historically been receiving a large number of immigrants, such as Poland. The author describes the multicultural families in the aspect of positives and disadvantages.


Higher education is faced with an increasingly diverse student body and historic opportunities to foster inclusive excellence, meaning a purposeful embodiment of inclusive practices toward multiple student identity groups. Although the benefits of inclusive excellence are well established, college faculty often cite barriers to promoting it in classrooms, and this creates an opening for faculty developers to support them in weaving promising practices (or inclusive excellence into their teaching. This chapter highlights the practices of inclusive faculty and the methods faculty developers can use to promote inclusive excellence along five dimensions: (1) intrapersonal awareness, (2) interpersonal awareness, (3) curricular transformation, (4) inclusive pedagogy, and (5) inclusive learning environments.


Research about environment sanitation problem and its recovery effort have
been done at Pekalongan coast area within 5 months effectively. Measurement and environment
assessment toward the key parameters (physic, environment, and social-economy)
before and after the recovery effort has shown concrete changes on the healthy
behavior of almost targeted society. The result from the efforts such as; sanitation facility
improvement up to 30% through MCK supplying, 40% through TPS supplying and its
transportation system, 'Juma't bersih' activity and 3R (reuse, reduce, recycle) socialization,
indeed cannot be seen instantly but it give a direct impact to the awareness rate
and people's ability to utilize and maintain the facilities. Because of that, a Collaboration
among government and fisherman's society to maintain for clean and health environment
at coast area are still needed.


Due to its inherent nonlinearities and highly unstable nature with many practical applications i.e. high speed train, frictionless bearings, levitated wind tunnel etc., the Magnetic Levitation System (MLS) is considered as a good test-bench for design and analysis of control systems. This paper presents the design of PID controller for MLS based on an efficient method of tuning controller parameters using Genetic Algorithm (GA). PID controller was designed for MLS. In order to achieve the optimal performance indices, controller parameters were tuned using GA. Performance of the proposed controller was analysed and results are presented in comparison to the conventional PID tuning method i.e., Ziegler Nichols (Z-N). Simulation results showed that performance of PID controller tuned using GA were better than the conventionally tuned PID controller.


In this paper, the permeabilities of 2 kinds of soils using de-aired water, distilled water, de-ionized water and ash leachate were investigated. It was found that soil using ash leachate as permeating liquid usually had a higher permeability than other pemeating liquids due to its higher ion content. The permeability increased as the concentration of Ca~(2+) in the leachate increased. The permeability coefficient of the soil with leachate as permeating liquid would decrease in long-term tests and had a smaller reduction than those with other kinds of permeating liquid.


In this paper, we explored the role and impact of a visual metaphor and the metaphoric-thinking process in emerging media art practices. We also examined how designers can leverage the metaphoric-thinking process to empirically create a visual metaphor. Our primary focus was to explore what kinds of design considerations are involved and what types of cognitive operations are performed to support designers as they create visual metaphors. By employing a critical analysis method, we probe how participants used metaphors to leverage their prior knowledge, expertise and experience when creating visual metaphors from an information-processing perspective using a cognitive task analysis method.


64 Background: Recent data on QoL in pts with advanced NSCLC treated with platinum-doublets are limited. This interim analysis evaluated QoL in pts with SCC NSCLC treated with nab-P/C during the induction part of the ABOUND.sqm study.

METHODS
In the ongoing phase III ABOUND.sqm study, pts with advanced SCC NSCLC are treated with first-line nab-P 100 mg/m2 d 1, 8, 15 and C AUC 6 mg•min/mL d 1 (21-d cycles) for 4 cycles (induction). Pts not progressing after 4 cycles are randomized 2:1 to maintenance nab-P 100 mg/m2d 1 and 8 of each 21-d cycle + best supportive care (BSC) or BSC alone until progression. The primary endpoint is PFS from randomization to maintenance. QoL, an exploratory endpoint, was assessed using predefined PRO instruments, LCSS and EQ-5D-5L, on d 1 of each cycle. As the study is ongoing, this pre-planned analysis included data for QoL that were reported up to the cutoff date.

RESULTS
Of 128 pts included in this interim analysis, > 80% completed baseline (BL) + ≥ 1 post-BL PRO assessments. The median age was 68 years, 65% were male, and 99% had an ECOG PS of 0-1. Overall, the symptom burden index and average total score of the LCSS PRO were improved during induction therapy with nab-P/C; ≈ 50% of pts had clinically meaningful improvements (≥ 10 mm [VAS]) from BL in the composite LCSS items of cough, shortness of breath, and hemoptysis. More than 80% of pts maintained or improved each dimension of the EQ-5D-5L from BL, and a substantial proportion reported complete resolution of ≥ 1 specific dimension problem during induction (33%-48%; Table). No unusual safety signals were observed.

CONCLUSIONS
This interim analysis demonstrates that QoL was maintained or improved in pts with SCC NSCLC during nab-P/C induction therapy. For pts who reported problems in EQ-5D-5L dimensions at BL, many achieved complete resolution at least once during chemotherapy.

CLINICAL TRIAL INFORMATION
NCT02027428. [Table: see text].


A thermodynamic analysis, based on accurate experimental Gibbs energies of formation, was completed for the key hydrogen-consuming steps in the HDN reaction network for quinoline. The results were compared with literature reaction studies in all cases. The concept of crossover temperature'' is discussed, and is shown to be a valuable tool in the interpretation of literature reaction-study results. The report begins in the form of a primer,'' in which the problem of aromatics content in diesel fuel is used as a simple'' example of thermodynamics at work in the real world'' of the process engineer. Through the crossover-temperture'' concept, the report outlines how the conditions necessary for efficient attainment of low-aromatics levels can be attained. The results are compared with an exhaustive reaction study reported in the literature. Methods of nitrogen removal from aromatic materials are discussed in light of the findings of the thermodynamic analyses. 49 refs., 18 figs.


The vertical dimension in the toothless is a relevant parameter for the recuperation of the relationship that exists between the maxillary and the jaw, what will allow us to get back the stomatology and esthetic functions. This facial proportion varies in every person and that why this become into a challenge to the dentist, because they do not have the intention to cause any danger to the patient. If it is in a bad position we will have some problems even if there be an increase or a decrease of the measure. Some investigations show the difference between women and men, but no one of them are focus on the Vertical Dimension part, and other ones that are focus on the Vertical Dimension but not interested in discovering if a difference between genders exists; and that's why the decision of execution is investigated to give an answer to this unknown if both are equal or they have some difference In this study we achieve to show the difference that exists between genders in the symmetry face and the difference that exists in this measure, we took a sample of 260 young people, and we divided in 130 women and 130 men from 18 - 29 years old which were students of odontology at the Universidad de las Americas in Quito- Ecuador. We took 3 pictures: one of the front, one of the left and other one of the right. Analyzing the statistical results between the two genders, it show us that men are closer than women to the Vertical Dimension measurement; women had a difference of 6 mm on the right side and 7 mm on the left side.


Background Allergy immunotherapy tablets (AITs) are administered by the patients in their homes and the medical compliance and persistence may therefore be poorer than for subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) administered by physicians. Purpose: to compare medical compliance and persistence for AIT and SCIT treatments in Swedish patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (ARC). Methods Two products for the treatment of grass pollen induced ARC were investigated: a SCIT treatment (Alutard SQ, Phleum pratense, 100,000 SQ-U/mL) and an AIT treatment (Grazax, Phleum pratense 75,000 SQ-T/2,800 BAU), ALK, Denmark). Data were drawn from the Prescribed Drug Registry 2007–2009, the National Board of Health and Welfare in Sweden. Data on patients treated and number of packages sold were used to calculate the compliance and persistence for each of the 2 products, for patients who started treatment in 2007. Compliance calculated as the duration of treatment estimated from the number of packages sold (assuming 100% compliance), divided by the actual duration of treatment (the time estimated from the first to the last observed prescription, plus the duration of the last package). Persistence: calculated as the percentage of patients who continued their treatment in 2009 with at least initiation of 1 treatment package or vial in 2009. Results Grass AIT treatment was started by 636 patients and the grass SCIT treatment by 354 patients in 2007. The persistence of treatment in 2009 was 55% for grass AIT treatment and 57% for grass SCIT treatment. The estimated average duration of treatment was 2.34 years for grass AIT and 2.47 for grass SCIT at cut-off 31 December 2009. The average number of tablets used per patient during this period was 770. For grass SCIT treatment the average number of up-dosing kits used was 1.07 and the average number of maintenance vials was 3.26 (5 injections per vial). This corresponded to a compliance of 90% for grass AIT and 82% for grass SCIT. Conclusions Compliance to treatment for grass ait and grass scit treatments were both high (>80%) and comparable. The persistence of swedish patients was comparable for grass AIT and grass SCIT treatments during the period 2007 to 2009.


CAI courseware has the feature of speediness, nicety and alternate. Crawl Stroke CAI can change traditional teaching mode , optimize teaching course, combine theory with practice more properly, improve student' s participant consciousness and study enthusiasm, provide advanced and intuitionistic teaching instrument for swim teaching. So it is very important to update multimedia teaching instrument and quicken the application of CAI software.


The complexity of handling the scalability problem of huge data can be reduced with parallel processing. The efficiency of parallel processing changes as the number of processors or number of threads change. Parallel processing is more appropriate for the field like data mining as it is the technique of analyzing large quantities of data to extract useful knowledge. Data mining is very much essential to the modern society as more and more data is being collected from various fields. Experiments are conducted to test the run time efficiency of the apriori algorithm on dual core processor by changing the number of threads for different databases at different support counts. This paper also present the comparison of real time, user time and system time with multiple threads on dual core compared to sequential implementation. General Terms DataMining, Parallel Processing


Three-dimensional geometry is regarded as the most important branch in mathematics because of its relation to practical life and at the same time is an active and enjoyable material; the students regarded it as a complex and understood. Van Hill had divided the geometric thinking into five levels (imaginary, analytical, semi-deductive, absolute deductive and completely absolute deductive) so the researcher want to find out the attendance degree of these levels in math's books for preparatory stage, and the difficulties of geometry can be traced back to the content of school books as well as the method of presentation or the loss of connecting the materials with the students' needs and tendencies, or for both. The research problem becomes clear through the answer ti the main question: what is the degree of containing Van Hills's levels that are included in both math's book for fifth and sixth scientific preparatory for the academic year (2015-2016).
The limits of the research are:-

The 8Th chapter of math's book at fifth scientific preparatory  grade 7th edition ,2015
The 6th chapter of math's book of sixth scientific preparatory grade. 7th edition ,2015

The researcher relied on analytic descriptive math's book of preparatory grade and the sample is represented by the 8th chapter (the three dimensional geometry) of fifth scientific preparatory grade and the 6th chapter (the three dimensional geometry) of math's book of sixth scientific preparatory grade.
The researcher has built the analysis tool and has chosen the item unit (topic) as a basic unit to analyses the content, it has applicator on the sample research after finding the validity and stability of the unit
The result has been as follows:-
In relation to the identification of Van Hill's and sixth scientific grad . The search results indicated that the levels implied in order (imaginary, semi-deductive, analytic and logical deductive) .Level V did not get any percentage.


Direct generation of a benzyl radical by C—H bond activation of toluenes and the addition reaction to an electro-deficient olefin are developed.


The characters of concentrates made from small mines are described, and their effects on the sintering process discussed. Finally, methods of increasing the proportion of these concentrates in iron-making are introduced.


The study and use of SI Units is fundamental to all subjects within the Engineering & Physical Sciences. The International System of Units has it's origins in the late 17th century, however, it is now recognised worldwide as the standard by which all Science and Engineering are based. This revision tool, developed by members of the Autonomous Systems Lab at Middlesex University, allows the learner to practice the application, use and combination of 52 of the most frequently used SI Units. A useful pocket-sized reference to all seven SI Base Units, 22 Derived Units and 23 Other Units this product seeks to educate and demystify this complicated and heavily rule-based system. Designed for use by Engineering and Physical Sciences students at all educational levels from School, College to University degree and beyond.


Introduction There is a wide variety of drugs for the clinical treatment of immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy; however, previous studies have failed to clarify the quantitative differences in the efficacy of various drugs. In this study, we aimed to quantitatively compare the clinical efficacy of 6 classes of drugs with different pharmacological mechanisms for the treatment of IgA nephropathy and to identify relevant influencing factors. Methods Clinical trials of drugs for the treatment of IgA nephropathy were obtained from public databases. The change in daily urinary protein excretion from baseline was used as the efficacy index, and the time–effect model was established using a model-based meta-analysis method. Based on the final model, the typical efficacy was simulated, and the differences in efficacy were compared. Results A total of 40 studies with 2288 subjects were included in this study. The results showed that the time–effect relationship of the placebo and 6 classes of drugs was consistent with the Emax model. The placebo reduced urinary protein excretion by up to 0.44 g/day, and it took more than 27 months to reach half of its maximum effect. The onset of the 6 classes of drugs were the same; they all reached half of their maximum effect after 5.59 months. More importantly, we found a significant influence of urinary protein baseline on drug efficacy, as indicated by an increase of 0.63 g/day in the theoretical maximum effect of drugs for every 1 g/day increase in urinary protein baseline. After correcting for the urinary protein baseline, the order of efficacy of the 6 classes of drugs was as follows: corticosteroids > immunosuppressants > other drugs > renin–angiotensin system blockers > antiplatelet agents > N-3 fatty acids. Conclusion This study provides the first comprehensive quantitative analysis of the differences in the efficacy of 6 classes of drugs with different pharmacological mechanisms for treating IgA nephropathy. The results of this study provide an important reference for the rational clinical use of drugs for IgA nephropathy, and also provide a reliable efficacy standard for the development of new drugs for IgA nephropathy.


Abstract Mechanisms that determine the direct and indirect effects of aerosols on the tropical climate involve moist dynamical processes and have local and remote impacts on regional tropical precipitation. These mechanisms are examined in a climate model of intermediate complexity [quasi-equilibrium tropical circulation model (QTCM)] forced by prescribed aerosol forcing, which is obtained from a general circulation model (ECHAM4). The aerosol reflection is the dominant aerosol forcing, while the aerosol absorption has complex but much weaker influences on the regional tropical precipitation based on the ECHAM4 aerosol forcing. The local effect associated with aerosols contributes negative precipitation anomalies over convective regions by affecting the net energy flux into the atmospheric column. This net energy flux is controlled by the radiative forcing at the top of the atmosphere on time scales where surface heat flux is near equilibrium, balancing anomalous solar radiation by evaporation, longwave r...


Based on the Bond-slip between the steel bars and concrete,the FE models of RC simply supported beam in different corrosion ratios were built by ANSYS software for analyzing the load bearing capacity of corroded RC simply supported beam.The elements of SOLID 65,LINK 8 and Combine 39 were used to simulate concrete,steel bar and bond-slip between bars and concrete respectively.The effect of corrosion ratio on bonding force between bars and concrete was simulated by adjusting the parameter of Combine 39.Besides,the load bearing capacities of RC simply supported beam in different corrosion ratios were calculated considering the area reduction of bar's section and decrease of yield strength.The results show that with corrosion ratio increasing,the stiffness of beam decreased,the slip between bars and concrete increased,the cracks propagated to mid-span,the load bearing capacity obviously decreased,and ductile failure turned to brittle failure.


Abstract Objective To examine whether an FFQ can be used for assessing exposure to methylmercury (MeHg) by estimating MeHg intake from seafood consumption using the FFQ and confirming the accuracy of the estimated value. Design Seafood consumption of pregnant women was assessed using the FFQ. Total mercury (T-Hg) concentrations of maternal red blood cells (RBC) and hair were measured as exposure indices of MeHg. Setting A prospective birth cohort study, the Tohoku Study of Child Development (TSCD), which has been ongoing since 2001. Subjects The subjects were 609 pregnant Japanese women who were enrolled in the TSCD. Results MeHg intake was estimated from seafood consumption determined using the FFQ and the MeHg concentrations in each type of seafood. The accuracy of the estimated value was confirmed by comparison with T-Hg in RBC and hair. Estimated MeHg intake was 42·3 μg/week, and 43·0 % of that was from large predatory fish. Compared with the Japanese tolerable weekly intake, in total 12·5 % of the subjects exceeded it. T-Hg concentrations in RBC and hair were significantly correlated with estimated MeHg intake: r = 0·325 (P < 0·0001) for RBC and r = 0·305 (P < 0·0001) for hair. Conclusions Estimated MeHg intake based on the FFQ was significantly associated with T-Hg concentrations in RBC and hair. Although the estimated value involves uncertainties, the FFQ appears to be a useful tool for assessment of exposure to MeHg.


Forty-two subjects practiced on the Model PR-l6 Polar Pursuit Tracker under two conditions of practice. Twenty-one subjects were used on each condition. The RR conditions consisted of 15 minutes of practice without interruption and the RrR condition consisted of 5 minutes of practice, followed by 5 minutes of rest and concluding with 1 0 minutes of practice* Trial means, standard deviations, and correlation matrices were used as dependent 1 measures » The data thus gathered were then compared with those gathered under similar conditions by Kenneth C . Spatz, Jr. in an experiment performed with the standard Air Force pursuit rotor (Spatz, 1 9 6 8 )®" It was found that time on target in the present experiment was substantially higher than that reported by Spatz in both conditions, but that the performance curves were not materially different using these different forms of pursuit task. One differ", ence was noted, namely, that the post-rest warm-up decrement found by Spatz in his RrR condition during the first three post-rest trials failed to show up in the current experimento Recommendation was made that the newer Polar Pursuit Tracker not be generally accepted as a sub stitute for the pursuit rotor without additional testing«


ABSTRACT In 2017, the government of Quebec revisited the seemingly dormant question of Quebec's place in Canada by releasing a Policy on Quebec Affirmation and Canadian Relations. While the policy statement checks off most of the boxes associated with Quebec's traditional positions on federalism, I contend that it fails to diagnose the crux of the obstacles confronting Quebec and therefore it is likely to be reduced to a mere footnote in our ongoing deliberations around Canada's constitutional impasse. Following an examination of the policy statement, the chapter turns to an exploration of the growing gulf between Quebec and its federal partners with regards to the purposes of federalism.


differential diagnosis a need when cystic profile lesions are found in the pancreas (1,2). And of course intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas must be carefully assessed in the differential diagnosis of such lesions. For every finding that is cystic in nature a first step is always to tell tumors, whether benign or malignant, from non-neoplastic conditions. To consider a cystic lesion neoplastic, the presence of an epithelial tissue band separating normal pancreatic tissue from the cyst must be identified. In addition to pseudocyst, non-neoplastic cystic lesions of the pancreas include simple pancreatic cyst, a concept that remains poorly delimited. For some authors these non-neoplastic cysts would include retention cysts as well as mucoceles. However, other authors consider that smaller unilocular cysts with thin walls may similarly represent papillary tumors with low-grade dysplasia rather than the more concerning condition of intraductal papillary mucinous tumor with malignant changes. Among neoplastic pancreatic cysts serous cystic tumors (cystadenoma and cystadenocarcinoma), mucinous cystic tumors (cystadenoma, cystadenoma with dysplasia, and mucinous cystadenocarcinoma), and intraductal papillary mucinous tumors (adenoma, tumor with dysplasia, and intraductal papillary mucinous carcinoma) should be considered, the latter being the subject of this editorial. Serous cystic tumors most commonly involve the head of the pancreas and are typically multilocular with septa in their inside. Benign unilocular cystadenomas may on occasion exist that are preoperatively indistinguishable from unilocular mucinous cystic tumors. Mucinous cystic tumors most commonly involve the body and tail of the pancreas, may be unilocular or multilocular, and typically affect women. They should be formally considered a lesion with a potential to progress from benignity to malignity. Multilocular tumors are easier to diagnose since walls are usually obvious and calcification may be present. However, unilocular lesions have a more challenging differential diagnosis. On occasion other non-cystic lesions such as pseudopapillary or endocrine tumors may undergo tissue necrosis resulting in a cyst, and thus should also be included in the differential diagnosis. Intraductal papillary mucinous tumors originate in the tissue of pancreatic ducts, whether the main duct or any of its branches. Therefore, their diagnosis becomes more likely when the cystic tumor can be seen to communicate with pancreatic ducts at any level. These tumors are incidental findings in up to one third of cases. Echoendoscopy increases diagnostic certainty in this type of neoplasm as in expert hands will allow a refined definition of lesion features and a guided puncture to Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas: an emerging indication for surgical therapy 1130-0108/2010/102/5/293-295 REVISTA ESPAÑOLA DE ENFERMEDADES DIGESTIVAS Copyright © 2010 ARÁN EDICIONES, S. L. REV ESP ENFERM DIG (Madrid) Vol. 102, N.° 5, pp. 293-295, 2010


Website Remedy Band Fans Club is one of the facilities can be found on the Internet that is specifically aimed at fans of The Remedy for the purpose as a means of communication or information exchange. Website Remedy Band Fans Club is discussed in this writing is built from two sides, namely the user and administrator side. Site users provide some of the menu, including information, articles, profile, photo gallery, guestbook. Messages, lyrics, remedy profile, friends fan club site, while managing to set the website to function on the user side. Website Remedy Band Fans Club is built using a combination of software that supports the development of dynamic web sites and interactive, that is PHP, MySQL and Apache Server. In addition, the HTML language is required to make an appearance or design on the website.


Typically, a limited number of dynamic pressure sensors is employed to determine the unsteady aerodynamic forces on large, slender aerospace structures. This paper describes a robust calculation pr...


Educational Data Mining, a technique to explore the insight of academia with the machine learning provides various hidden trend and features which provide Educational Institutes a design policy of their educational techniques. Moving further in this field of research, our focus is on finding the attribute set which contributes more towards the students' performance. In this direction, we carried out comparative analysis of students' performance on three different attribute set having attributes which are highly coupled, medium coupled and loosely coupled with current state of the student over three different machine learning algorithms named as SVM, Naïve Bayes and J48. It was observed that the attributes which are highly coupled and more likely to change are contributing more towards student's performance. Prediction of result(Pass/Fail/Supplementary) before the end semester examination assists the students lagging behind in academics to discover the factor for the same and helps them work over it. Hence resulting in improved performance of students as well as help the research scholars to select the dominating attributes as per precedence order.


Assume that you have a younger sibling who is going to be a college freshman next Fall. Assume further that this particular sibling actually believes that you may have learned something that is, that you may be a source of good advice on how to succeed in college. Drawing on concepts and phenomena covered in this course, list six different recommendations you would make to your sibling (with respect to notetaking, study techniques, exam performance, and so forth).


In this paper we consider an ignition-temperature, first-order reaction model of thermo-diffusive combustion that describes dynamics of thick flames arising, for example, in a theory of combustion of hydrogen-oxygen and ethylene-oxygen mixtures. These flames often assume the shape of propagating curved interfaces that can be identified with level sets corresponding to a prescribed ignition temperature. The present paper is concerned with the analysis of such interfaces in two spatial dimensions under a single assumption of their small curvature. We derive a strongly nonlinear evolution equation that governs the dynamics of an interface. This equation relates the normal velocity of the interface to its curvature, the derivatives of the curvature with respect to the arc-length of the interface, and physical parameters of the problem. We study solutions of the evolution equation for various parameter regimes and discuss the ranges of validity of the corresponding simplified models. Our theoretical findings a...


Nowadays, Data transmission is becoming very important among humans. So there are many modes of data transmission introduced. Some of the modes of data transmission are through copper wires, wireless channels, computer buses, etc. Though there are certain modes of transmission, secured data transmission is an important thing what everyone needs, because everyone wants their data to transmit securely. But secured data transmission is still an important problem everyone is facing nowadays. So to overcome this problem, we have introduced a image Steganography technique using Sudoku puzzle and ECC algorithm for secured data transmission. Image Steganography refers to the process of hiding the data into image, while ECC algorithm helps to convert the original data into secret code. In the proposed method, the image Steganography is done using Sudoku puzzle. So, this method not only hides the data, but it also converts the original data into secret code. Thus, by combining these two techniques the data will be more securely transferred by the method. The proposed mechanism will be developed with the aid of the platform MATLAB.


The article shows the benefits of consuming wholemeal products. However, the level of consumption of these products is low. The reason is primarily the low quality of products: the rough structure of the crumb, rapid hardening. Therefore, there is a need to improve the quality of bread from wholemeal flour. The indicators of quality of wholemeal flour produced by national enterprises are investigated in the work. Analysis of packaging and labeling of test samples of wholemeal flour (according to the manufacturer) showed that some of them are produced in accordance with GSTU 46.004-99 ("Wheat flour. Specifications"), and the quality of other samples is controlled by the manufacturer's own specifications. It should be noted that there are no Ukraine's standards for wholemeal wheat flour. Standard GSTU 46.004-99 ("Wheat flour. Technical conditions") apply only to wheat graded and dark flour. It was found that the ash content of the studied samples of whole-meal flour (WMF) from wheat and spellta grain is in the range of 0.80–1.46%; paricle size: the residue on the sieve No. 067 – within 0.1–1.7%, the passage of the sieve No. 38 – within 12–34%. The influence of particle size and gluten of wheat and spelta whole-meal flour on its baking properties has been studied. It has been found increasing the volume and porosity of the bread while the particle size decreases. The largest bread volume (400–460 cm3) and porosity (67–68%) had the samples of flour with the smallest particle size (sieve residue No. 067 not more than 1 %, sieve passage No. 38 more than 15–20 %). For samples with a larger particle size (sieve passage No.38 – not more than 15-20 %), the volume of bread and its porosity decreased by 1.2–1.3 and 1.1–1.2 times, respectively. Analysis of gluten quantity and quality effect showed that a rather high quality of wholemeal bread from wheat WMF can be obtained with a crude gluten content in flour of at least 24–26% with a gluten quality of Gluten deformation index (GDI) in a range of 60–80 units. For the production of bread from spelta WMF it is recommended to use WMF with a crude gluten content of at least 30% with a gluten quality GDI in a range of 60–100 units.


Drawing on two sets of regulations on theaters in 19th-century Mexico —the Reglamento Interior y Esterior Del Teatro: Para su Mejor Arreglo y Direccion Economica (1824) and the Reglamento para los teatros de Mexico (1853)—, this article analyzes the construction of this important space of civility in the young nation. As occurred across the recently formed Latin American nations, in Mexico, the elite took control over theatrical spaces in the independent country and, through diverse negotiations with entrepreneurs and the operatic companies, established new rules of civility. These were based on a perceived European standard, on the one hand, and a national sense of pride, on the other. To Latin American elites, opera constituted the spectacle par excellence, one where the social order was performed, both on the theater's stage and in its seats. Regulating it adequately meant the equivalent of government maintaining the social order. The disciplinary actions on behalf of dominant social groups in the complex public space of theatre were inspired by what Foucault called "technologies of power", which resulted in many tensions.


The structural and magnetic properties of Co‐Ni, Co‐Fe and Ni‐Cu alloy nanoparticles formed in silica matrix by sequential ion implantation are presented. These nanoparticles show crystal structure similar to the corresponding bulk alloys. In the Co‐Ni and Co‐Fe, magnetization saturation and coercive field depend on the the alloy composition, crystal structure and size effects. Ferromagnetic resonance studies show that collective magnetic processes are present and these are determined by the film‐like morphology of the implanted region. The temperature dependence of the magnetization of the NixCu100−x samples indicates that their Curie Temperatures are larger than the corresponding bulk ones. This feature is discussed considering the composition of the nanoparticles and the size effects.


The equilibrium geometries, vibrational frequencies, atomization energies, adiabatic electron separations, adiabatic detachment energies (EAD), and adiabatic ionization potentials of the low-lying electronic states for the NaP4 clusters and its ions were investigated employing the DFT method, and then compared with the photoelectron spectra. According to the computed results, the reasonable assignments for the photoelectron spectra of NaP-4 were suggested.


The article, "A Systematic Review and meta-analysis of Predictors of Airway Intervention in Adult Epiglottitis," written by Dr. Anders Sideris et al. evaluating more than 10 thousand patients with acute epiglottitis was a formidable undertaking by the authors. They present a thorough, comprehensive systematic review with meta-analysis of all risk factors associated with this rare, potentially fatal, inflammatory disease. Still, by adhering to the dictum of a meta-analysis, the concluding remarks leave out several factors central to the diagnosis of epiglottitis. The latter leaves us concerned about the article's broader application to help clinicians select the best treatment for successful airway intervention in obstructive supraglottitis. Since 1981, our otolaryngology department has published several papers on epiglottitis in peer-reviewed journals. Based on our clinical experience, the patient history remains the central component for rapid determination of the need for, and establishment of, a secure airway. The key components in the patient history of epiglottitis, which must not be disregarded, are: 1) sudden onset of sore throat and its relentless progress (within hours) in a previously healthy individual; and 2) absence of the prodromal cough and cold commonly seen in croup. Additionally, more subtle vital sign changes such as tachycardia, which precedes dyspnea, foreshadow the presence of bacteremia. Although we are grateful that Sideris et al. acknowledge the presence of stridor as an overwhelming indicator for intervention, stridor itself represents a state of extremis prior to impending airway collapse. Relying on risk factors such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease to diagnose epiglottitis, as mentioned in this study, without incorporating clinical experience puts us at risk of discounting the components of a patient's presentation that enable both a timely diagnosis and lifesaving interventions. The exclusion of the clinical context here is not necessarily a fault of the authors but rather a limitation of the meta-analyses on which we work to shape our care. Still, we fear that failing to acknowledge the clinical aspects of epiglottitis when categorizing the disease's risk factors puts us, as otolaryngologists, at risk of neglecting the most essential elements of the diagnosis. This apprehension harkens for us the words of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle: "Depend upon it: There comes a time when, for every addition of knowledge, you forget something that you knew before. Therefore, it is of the highest importance not to have useless facts elbowing out the useful ones."


its subject matter transcends those specifics. In his introduction the author makes the point that "with the exception of two articles by Will Crutchfield [cited in the extensive list of references] . . . very little published scholarship has been devoted to the performance practices of singing in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries" (p. xv). Toft's own meticulous study is more than welcome: it is essential.


What is disclosed is an emulator that emulates on an execution machine the operation of a target machine. The emulator emulates routines that are called via a jump table such as the BIOS. Control is transferred to an emulation module not by directly trapping the procedure to call the BIOS but by placing a privileged instruction (a halt instruction, for example) in the area called and by causing a trap through the execution of the privileged instruction. An identifier is placed after the halt instruction and a needed BIOS emulation module is called by a dispatcher using this identifier. Therefore, normal operation can be obtained even if there is a resident program which rewrites the jump table.


If searched for a ebook Biomedical Signal Processing, Volume 1: Time and Frequency Domains Analysis by Arnon Cohen in pdf format, then you have come on to loyal website. We furnish the complete version of this ebook in doc, txt, PDF, ePub, DjVu formats. You may reading by Arnon Cohen online Biomedical Signal Processing, Volume 1: Time and Frequency Domains Analysis or download. Further, on our site you may reading instructions and different artistic eBooks online, or download their as well. We want to attract your note what our website does not store the book itself, but we provide reference to website whereat you can download or read online. If have must to download Biomedical Signal Processing, Volume 1: Time and Frequency Domains Analysis pdf by Arnon Cohen , then you have come on to the right website. We have Biomedical Signal Processing, Volume 1: Time and Frequency Domains Analysis DjVu, doc, txt, ePub, PDF formats. We will be happy if you will be back over.


Hydrological stations are less in the continental arid areas,especially the serial and complete flood data of the middle and small rivers are less,the basic conditions for estimating the design floods are difficult to satisfy. In order to increase the representativeness of flood series,the basic way is to increase the information of flood series. The historical serial flood values with occurring years and volumes were applied in estimating the designed floods in the past. However,the historical flood data with both occurring years and volumes are extremely less,the available historical flood data with occurring years but without volumes are relatively more,and it is a new issue to rationally and fully apply these data in estimating the designed floods. This paper analyzes the historical flood data with occurring years but without volumes and researches their application in estimating the design floods. It is considered that,by taking some calculation methods,the information of the historical flood records with occurring years but without volumes can be increased,the representativeness of flood series can be raised,the statistical parameters can be rationally determined,and the accuracy the design floods can be increased.


Defense systems are becoming increasingly software intensive. While software enhances the effectiveness and flexibility of these systems, it also introduces vulnerabilities related to inadequacies in software design, maintenance, and configuration control. Effective testing of these systems must take into account the special vulnerabilities introduced by software. The software testing problem is complex because of the astronomical number of scenarios and states of use. The domain of testing is large and complex beyond human intuition. Because the software testing problem is so complex, statistical principles must be used to guide testing strategy in order to get the best information for the resources invested in testing. From a statistical point of view, all the topics in this paper follow sound problem solving principles and are direct applications of well established theory and methodology. From a software testing point of view the application of statistical science is relatively new and rapidly evolving, as an increasing range of statistical principles is applied to a growing variety of systems. Statistical testing is used in pockets of industry and agencies of government, including the DoD, on both experimental and routine bases. This paper is a composite of what is in hand and within reasonable reach in the application of statistical science to software testing.


The flammability behavior of a series of polyester-wool fabrics has been investigated in terms of a number of flaming combustioh and thermal-decomposition characteristics. Combustion behavior has been characterized by mass burning rate and heat emission measurements. Decomposition behavior has been studied by dynamic thermogravimetry, pre-ignition kinetics, and analysis of volatile decomposition products. These fiber blends show burning behavior more complex than would be expected from the additive behaviors of the two components. The decomposition data provide evidence for chemical interactions during decomposition, which may be the reason for the anomalous burning behavior.


Data of features of variations rhythm of heart of young fighters with a different functional being of the nervous system are represented in the article. Allocation of juvenile sportsmen on a level of the functional state of a nervous system enables to raise quality of differentiated diagnostic of variability of cardiac pace. sensomotor functions juvenile fighters with a high level of the functional state of a nervous system have the best possibilities.


The Cold War is commonly known as the prime time of nuclear deterrence. It used to be a high-profile and lucrative subject for the political scientists. Nuclear deterrence symbolised the ultimate dream of a strategist: it was about a tete-a-tete battle between two military superpowers for the domination of the world, with the survival of humanity itself at stake. Emergence of the nuclear weapon has added a new dimension to international politics and exponentially increased the cost of any possible new war among the great powers. The limits of nuclear deterrence were tested only once, when N. Khrushchev and the Kennedy brothers engaged in the "Chicken" game over the Cuban missiles, bringing the world to the brink of extinction as close as it ever was. This led to the mutual realisation of nuclear parity and the MAD doctrine, which in turn enabled the hightime of arms control with the signing of NPT (1968), ABM (1972) and SALT I (1972) treaties. During the 1980s, the Pershing missile crisis and Reagan's Star Wars triggered a short-lived relapse into a new arms race, which ended with the signing of START I (1991) and the collapse of the Soviet Union.


The small acmaeid limpet Patelloida lat istr~gata Angas and clumps of macroalgae are found in midshore intertidal regions dominated by barnacles. Interactions between limpet and algae were investigated experimentally to determine the effect of the herbivore on microalgae (this term includes propagules of macroalgae) as well as on macroalgal plants, and also the influence of both forms of algae on the behaviour of the limpet. P. latistrigata grazed on propagules of all algae, even species previously reported to be unaffected by grazing. The high diversity of algae in ungrazed areas was due to the abundance of microscopic propagules. Although limpets survived on macroalgae they tended to migrate to bare rock and grazed on rnicroalgae. Large germlings of ephemeral algae were not efficiently digested but could support limpet survival. Although P. latjstrjgata is a generalist grazer of microalgae, experiments reveal that its microalgal grazing is not obligatory.


In wireless sensor network, bandwidth and energy is the major consideration. In WSN, there are various protocols and management techniques which are involved in the bandwidth utilization and minimization of energy used in the data communication. The most common problem in WSN is of traffic congestion which results in loss of packets hence wastage of bandwidth and energy used to transfer the data is also increased. The technique discussed in this paper illustrates a novel method of management of bandwidth used in the transmission of data through discrete Fourier transform and minimization of total energy consumed in the transfer of data through efficient clustering algorithm. Keywords: Bandwidth, congestion, clustering, wireless sensor network


State departments of transportation began using the Superpave® mixture design system and the associated material specifications without long-term validation. This design system is based on the Strategic Highway Research Program performance models, which need further calibration. Within this context, the National Center for Asphalt Technology built and tested several test sections on a full-scale oval test track in Opelika, Alabama. One purpose of the track was to provide validation of the Superpave mixture design method. The test track also provided a unique opportunity to verify the relationships among the PURWheel laboratory wheel tracker, the Indiana Department of Transportation/Purdue University accelerated pavement tester (APT), and the in-service track performance. The verification was accomplished by replicating eight hot-mix asphalt mixtures from the test track in the APT. Samples were also taken from the APT facility and the test track and tested in the PUR-Wheel. A simple power model was used to relate the rutting performance in both the APT and the PURWheel. The results demonstrate a strong correlation between the two and their capabilities to predict the in-service rutting performance at the test track. The effect of initial density and varying in-service temperatures on rutting performance is also presented and explained.


Use of limited amounts of t-butyldimethylsilyl chloride with sucrose in pyridide have led to the 6,6'-disilyl ether isolable in 36% yield without chromatography. Removal of the silyl ether groups from 2,3,4,1',3',4'-hexa-O-acyl- 6,6'-di-O-t-butyldimethylsilyl-sucroses has been studied with dilute acid and with tetrabutylammonium fluoride. The former reagent gave the expected hexa-O-acylsucroses, whereas the latter method yielded 2,3,6,1',3',4'-hexa-O-acylsucroses formed by a 4 → 6 acyl migration in the D-glucose moiety.