Background: In Nepal, labour migration has become a livelihood strategy. Many migrationrelated problems have been documented but less is known about how migrants coped. This thesis addresses this gap by responding to the question of what challenges migrants encounter throughout their migration and what strategies they used to cope, drawing on a mixed methods study with Nepali men. Methods: This thesis includes a systematic review to identify the coping strategies migrants used to manage stressors; a survey to quantify the prevalence of exploitation; and qualitative life histories to identify migration-related stressors and coping responses. Framed within concepts of wellbeing and health, stressors were informed by the models of workplace-, acculturative- and migrant worker-stress; and coping by Skinner and Zimmer-Gembeck's typologies. Results: The review found that migrants commonly used problem-solving, support-seeking and accommodation strategies. Some were problematic, such as delayed healthcare access or excessive alcohol consumption. In the survey the majority of the participants experienced exploitation during their most recent migration. The qualitative data highlighted the workplace, recruitment agent/agencies and family stressors and migrants' coping strategies in the forms of problem-solving, support-seeking, helplessness, and negotiation. Coping strategies were sometimes used simultaneously, and may introduce new stressors, such as demands for financial penalties following requests to return to Nepal. Findings informed a new conceptual framework that can contribute to research, policy and practice. Recommendations to improve recruitment practices, expand available support in destination and assessment of impact are proposed. Conclusion: Nepali men experienced many migration-related stressors. Despite finding ways to cope, the strategies used sometimes created new stressors. As migration will continue to be an important employment option, source and destination countries need to address the causes of stressors and to enhance migrants' ability to cope. The proposed conceptual framework may contribute to such developments and ultimately improve migrants' wellbeing and health.


Background: Background: Eltrombopag (E-PAG) plus the immunosuppressive therapy (IST) consisted by antithymocyte immunoglobulin (ATG) and cyclosporin (CsA) has been reported with better efficacy in both refractory and naïve severe aplastic anemia (SAA) patients than IST alone. E-PAG was used up to 6 months in clinical trials. Patients with refractory SAA who remained on E-PAG with a median duration of 12 months showed further hematological improvement. Aims: Aims: To explore whether patients with naïve SAA could benefit from continuous use of E-PAG beyond 6 months and when E-PAG should be withdrawn in patients with no response. Methods: Methods: From February 2018 to November 2021, we collected 57 Chinese adult patients with naïve SAA who were treated with rabbit-ATG based IST (r-ATG, 3.5mg/kg/d × 5d and CsA 3-5 mg/kg/d) combining with E-PAG at dose of 75mg per day in the China Eastern Cooperation Group for Anemia (Clinical trials: ChiCTR2100045895). All patients were treated with E-PAG at least 6 months, and then whether to continue treatment was decided by the attending doctor according to patients' situation. The dosage of E-PAG would be


AIM: To screen out short peptide epitopes from 7 TM phage display peptide library, which are capable of combining with anti-hTNF-α monoclonal antibody. METHODS: The epitopes of human tumor necrosis factor were screened from 7 TM phage display peptide library by using anti-hTNF-α antibody as target protein and identified by sandwich ELISA and dot-blot. RESULTS: After 3 rounds of screening, 15 of the 50 phage clones were identified as positive clones, which bound to the anti-hTNF-α antibody. The amino acid sequences of the positive clones were WTFKMQP, WPFKMSP, WPYKMIP and WNYKMLP. CONCLUSION: The framework of the screened epitopes is similar and the epitopes can specifically bind to the anti-hTNF-α antibody, which provides the basis for the development of short peptide vaccines.


As an answer to a concrete invitation of John Paul II, in the last years the topic of the Primacy of Peter and his successors has given rise to special interest. The present pages want to be an explanatory commentary to the three most relevant evangelical texts on the topic: Mt 16,17-19; Lk 22,31-32; Joh 21,15-17. The three texts complement each other to affirm that Peter has received from Christ a very specific mission in the service of the unity and faith of the Church. It is a mission that places him as the first" within the Twelve and within the newly born Church. It is also a mission that cannot be conceived if it does not include the idea of succession.


The sensor circuit to disclose the sensor circuit and method for initialization. Circuit comprises a receiver and a plurality of sensor assembly. Sensor assembly respectively comprises a first and second pins. Receiver and a plurality of assemblies are connected in the configuration of a daisy-chained. The first pin of each sensor assembly based upon the amount of current through the second pin, the sensor assembly determines the discrete-time signal window to output a current modulated signal to the receiver.


In very high speed IC circuits, the extraction of the self and coupling capacitances of multilayer and multiconductor interconnects is usually required. A new approach for the accurate calculation of capacitance matrix of multilayered IC interconnects with very thick conductors is presented, based on a perturbation procedure to calculate the multilayer Green's function for planar interfaces. The validity of the technique is verified by comparing its results with accelerating capacitance calculations by Pade approximation technique and moment method for total charges in the structure, respectively. Key words-Multilayer IC interconnect, Green's function method, Line capacitance


ABSTRACT In the absence of direct evidence from the source beds of Gulf of Mexico oils, detailed biomarker analysis can provide information on the nature and thermal history of the orgainc matter from which the oils were generated. Thermal maturity of the oils increases from west to east, indicating that source beds of eastern oils are older than those of western oils. Oils produced from the eastern offshore region were probably generated from Early to Middle Miocene sediments. The depocenter was located to the northwest, and the deposition of oil-generating sediments, enriched in marine organic matter, took place in deep water. Oils produced from the western offshore region were probably generated from Pliocene sediments. The depocenter was located close to where the oils are found today, hence the oils are enriched in components derived from land plants which were deposited in oxygenated sediments. Oils produced from two locations close to the present day shelf edge are significantly different from the other offshore oils. These were probably generated from Middle to Late Miocene sediments which were deposited in anoxic basins with high bacterial input.


Algebras and coalgebras comodules special classes of coalgebras bialgebras and Hopf algrebras integrals actions and coactions finite dimensional Hopf algebras the category theory language C-groups and C-cogroups.


The admittance spectroscopy technique has been used to study the hole confinement in Si/Si 1-x Ge x /Si and boron highly doped superthin Si quantum wells. Based on the carrier thermal emission medel of the carriers in the well, the value of activation energy derived from the admittance spectra was considered as the distance from the position of the heavy hole ground state in the well to the top of it . For Si/Si 1-x Ge x /Si quantum wells we found the value of activation energy increased with increasing annealing time at 800℃. The phenomena could be explained the annealing-induced interdiffusion of Si and Ge, the interface broadening, the weakening of quantum confinement, the decrease of the position of the heavy hole ground state, and so the increase of the activation energy. At the annealing temperature of 900℃, we only see the decrease of the value of activation energy with increasing annealing time. For boron highly doped superthin Si quantum wells due to quantum confinement effect, we observed the activation energy are different for samples with the same doping density but different well widths.


Schools use a diverse set of ICT tools to communicate, create, disseminate, store, and manage information.(6) In some contexts, ICT has also become integral to the teaching-learning interaction, through such approaches as replacing chalkboards with interactive digital whiteboards, using students' own smartphones or other devices for learning during class time, and the "flipped classroom" model where students watch lectures at home on the computer and use classroom time for more interactive exercises.


A 30-month-old Mexican girl with an inclusion subgaleal cyst located over the anterior fontanel is described. This is the first such case ever diagnosed at our institution and, we believe, the first reported from Mexico. Radical excision of the lesion was accomplished. The internal table of the skull was eroded, but no intracranial extension was noticed. As the cyst contained no hair follicles nor any sebaceous or sweat glands, it was histologically classified as an epidermoid cyst. This is another example of such a lesion in an infant of non-African descent.


We examine the influence of aggregation errors on developing estimates of regional soil-CO2 flux from temperate forests. We find daily soil-CO2 fluxes to be more sensitive to changes in soil temperatures (Q10 = 3.08) than air temperatures (Q10 = 1.99). The direct use of mean monthly air temperatures with a daily flux model underestimates regional fluxes by approximately 4%. Temporal aggregation error varies with spatial resolution. Overall, our calibrated modeling approach reduces spatial aggregation error by 9.3% and temporal aggregation error by 15.5%. After minimizing spatial and temporal aggregation errors, mature temperate forest soils are estimated to contribute 12.9 Pg C yr−1 to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. Georeferenced model estimates agree well with annual soil-CO2 fluxes measured during chamber studies in mature temperate forest stands around the globe.


Female Rhododendron 'Nova Zembla' was used for pollination with male R.excellens.Fluorescence microscope severed as a tool to study the process of pollen sprouting and pollen tube growth after crossing.Capsule setting of the cross was calculated.The results showed as follows:(1)the pollen of R.excellens sprouted and formed the pollen tube in 1 d after pollination.The pollen sprouting rate increased significantly in 1~5 d after pollination and then slowly after that,the highest rate of pollen sprouting was 37.36% in 12 d after cross.(2)The speed of pollen tube growth was from slow to quick after pollen spouted.Pollen tube entered the style in 2 d after the cross,and reached the ovary in 7 d after pollination and then got the ovule in 10 d after the cross.Fertilization of ovules was noticed in the cross,but the percentages of presumed fertilized ovules were very low,with 7.42±0.89 pollen tubes entered the ovules in 12 d after pollination.(3)During the pollen tube growth,it was companied with a series of callose deposited responses,which was happened in the stigma cell,pollen tube,canal cell,ovary and embryo sac in ovule.The pollen tube swollen,spiraled,grew broadly or narrowly,wringed and stopped growth of the tip,pointed tips abnormally or stop growing when callose plug was sedimentary in the tip of pollen tube,the spiraling and wide-diameter and grew reversely during the growth.(4)No capsule set in the cross.The results indicated that the cross between Rhododendron.'Nova Zembla' and R.excellens was incompatible.The preliminary inference was that the pollen tube's abnormal behavior could be the main factor for the inter-species incompatibility,and barriers operated probably both before and after fertilization.


Abstract The essential oils isolated from leaves of Guarea macrophylla var. tuberculata collected monthly during two years (from November 1997 to October 1999) were subjected to GC-FID and GC/MS analysis. The obtained data showed a significant variation in the proportions of the components, which could be associated to species phenological state despite of climatic parameters in each collection.


The constructive scheme, the main knots, the general technical characteristics and the scheme of operation of the shaft sinking assembly ASP-8,0 unit is submitted, and also calculation of executive body for basic data of the specification is executed.


Ten calves, all under 10 days of age, were used in the experiment. The calves were fed on milk in the morning and the evening. On three successive mornings, however, the milk ration was first heated to 37.SoC and infected with a fresh broth culture of a recently isolated strain of S. dublin. After incubation for two hours, the infected milk was given to the calves. On the third day after the first infected feed, all the calves were showing a marked rise in body temperature associated with severe diarrhoea. All appeared obviously sick and dejected, but continued to take their milk ration eagerly.


With its open-source policy and accommodation of a wide variety of programming languages, the Jupyter web-application has recently positioned itself as the most popular environment for interactive scientific computing. In this paper, the use of Jupyter notebooks based on IPython for interactive visualisation and analysis of geospatial data is put forward and used as front-end to a back-end platform with petabyte scale storage and processing capabilities. Deferred processing allows com-putations to be restricted to the zoom level and extent of the area displayed in a map viewer.


Abstract Spectra, kinetics and thermal behavior of photoluminescence in PLZT X/65/35 ceramics have been studied with respect to different concentrations of different sorts of defects (inherent: lead and oxygen vacancies and dopant-induced by Mn, Fe, Co, Ni). The features observed are shown to be related to disordering of the material.


Culture conditions of Lentinula edodes together with yeast to produce cellulase in grape residue-bran liquid medium were studied.Lentinula edodes and yeast could coexist in PDA medium to produce cellulase.The optimum formula were confirmed as follows:grape pomace 3%,wheat bran 3%,MgSO40.15%,KH2PO40.15%.The optimum condition of Lentinula edodes together with yeast to produce cellulase were also confirmed:27 ℃,pH 5.5,fermentation time 3-5d,cellulose enzyme activity 3.2U/g.Under this condition,the Lentinula edodes biomass could reach 21.4g/L and the amount of yeast cells was 3.61×108 cells/mL.


In this study, the effect of seeds priming (2.5 and 5 mM) and coating (1.5, 2.5 and 5 g Zn/kg seeds) on early growth stages of two wheat varieties showing difference for their seed Zn contents (Imam with average 29 mg/kg Zn and Altındane 25.5 mg/kg Zn) on germination and seedling growth parameters were determined under controlled-growth chamber conditions 20-25°C and 70% RH. In each treatment, 25 seeds were placed into Petri dishes to determine seed germination and sown into pots containing 700 g alluvial soil with low Zn content to monitor seedling growth for 21 days using three replications. The results revealed that seed priming with Zn, particularly high dose (5 mM) had relatively positive impact on seed germination, mean germination time and seedling growth parameters when compared with low Zn dose (2.5 mM) and hydropriming in both two wheat varieties. Seed coating with Zn, particularly with low Zn concentration (1.5 g Zn/kg seeds) and in Altındane with less Zn content, has shown good respond and improved seed germination parameters in comparison with untreated seeds for both wheat varieties. In conclusion, Zn seed priming and coating had more evident effects on germination and seedling growth parameters in variety with low Zn content compared with high one. The lowest concentration of seed coated with Zn of 1.5 g Zn/kg seeds had positive impact on wheat seedlings growth as well as it has low cost and safe to prevent of environment pollution.


By using the methods of documentary、investigation、interview and comparative analysis,studying on the results、athlete's choice and Aerobics' design about the fourteenth aerobics competition for college students of Heilongjiang province in 2006,the author probes the present situation and some problems of the Aerobics' development of college students and put forward some propose.


This research aims to describe the kinds of sense based sentences and describe the meaning of sense based sentence found in Lenka Album. The research type conducted by the writer is descriptive qualitative research. The data
of this research are simple declarative sentences found in Lenka Album, while the data source of this research is taken from the manuscript of song lyrics of Lenka Album. The writer employs documentation as the method of collecting data with the steps: reading, underlying, rewriting, and coding the data. In analyzing the data, the writer describes the kinds of sense based sentences found in Lenka Album by referring to the theory of sense properties of sentences by Hurford and Heasley (1983) and describes the meaning of sense based sentence found in Lenka
Album by referring to contextual meaning. The result of this research shows that there are three kinds of sense based sentences from thirty nine data found in Lenka Album. They are analytic sentence (7 data/ 17, 95 % ), synthetic sentence (31 data/ 79, 49 %), and contradiction sentence (1 datum/ 2, 56 %). The meaning of sense based sentence is described by referring to contextual meaning which can be either directly or indirectly inferred from the sentence analyzed.


Let {Xk,1≤k≤n} be independent and identically distributed random variables,and X1:n,X2:n,…,Xn:n be their order statistics.When Xk follows doubly truncated Cauchy distribution with parameters A,B(AB),the asymptotic distributions of their extreme order statistics X1:n and Xn:n are obtained.For a fixed integer k1,the asymptotic distributions of Xk:n and Xn-k+1:n are also obtained.What's more,it proves that X1:n and Xn:n are asymptotically independent.


Abstract : Multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) is a methodology for nonparametrically estimating (and interpreting) general functions of a high-dimensional argument given (usually noisy) data. Its basic underlying assumption is that the function to be estimated is locally relatively smooth where smoothness is adaptively defined depending on the local characteristics of the function. The usual definitions of smoothness do not apply to variables that assume unorderable categorical values. After a brief review of the MARS strategy for estimating functions of ordinal variables, alternative concepts of smoothness appropriate for categorical variables are introduced. These concepts lead to procedures that can estimate and interpret functions of many categorical variables, as well as those involving (many) mixed ordinal and categorical variables. They also provide a natural mechanism for modeling and predicting in the presence of missing predictor values (ordinal or categorical).


With the feature size shrinkage in advanced technology nodes, the modeling of process variations has become more critical for troubleshooting and yield enhancement. Misalignment among equipment tools or chambers in process stages is a major source of process variations. Because a process flow contains hundreds of stages during semiconductor fabrication, tool/chamber misalignment may more significantly affect the variation of transistor parameters in a wafer acceptance test. This study proposes a big data analytic framework that simultaneously considers the mean difference between tools and wafer-to-wafer variation and identifies possible root causes for yield enhancement. An empirical study was conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed approach and obtained promising results.


The St Pierre and Miquelon affair is perhaps the classic example of a Canadian phenomenon whereby the net effect of the country's unusual domestic and international position serves to paralyse Canadian policy. For nearly two years the Canadian military pushed the government to do something about the islands, and for two years the Cabinet – caught between the demands of the British and the Americans, and always concerned about the potential domestic repercussions of any move that involved France – refused to act. And so it did nothing – nothing, that is, until the Cabinet arrived at a tentative plan (initially suggested by the Americans) for the takeover of the radio station on St Pierre. But the plan, in the end, was too heavy-handed for the Americans and too weak for the British, so the Cabinet drew back again to consider the merits of its proposal, unable to take action against two minute and undefended islands just miles from Canada's shore, held by a potentially hostile power in the middle of a world war.


We present a method for improving batched ray traversal as was presented by Pharr et al. [PKGH97]. We propose to use conservative proxy geometry to more accurately determine whether a ray has a possibility of hitting any geometry that is stored on disk. This prevents unnecessary disk loads and thus reduces the disk bandwidth.


Distributed computing through topology control involves making changes to the underlying network (modeled as a graph) to decrease the cost of distributed algorithms when executed across the modified networks. Topology construction builds reduced topology and topology maintenance adopts the reduced topology when the current topology is no longer optimal. This study makes major contributions to topology control by constructing new topologies named sparkle topologies using a ring topology, structured web topology, sun topology, and star topology. The efficiency of the sparkle topologies is checked by calculating the reliability using Wiener Index and data transfer using Cisco packet simulation. Data transmission times, the number of hops required, and the number of potential failure points are all reduced in sparkle topologies compared to ring topologies.


This paper investigates whether migration promotes occupational mobility and whether different types of migrants benefit equally from the migration experience. Results from a lagged regression model of 1970 occupational attainment clearly indicate that recent migrants are substantially more likely to be upwardly occupationally mobile than nonmigrants and, among whites, receive greater returns on educational attainment. Previous migration experiences did not uniformly result in greater mobility among whites, but did among blacks. It is suggested that this racial difference is due to blacks experiencing a substantial increase in opportunities for advancement during the 1965–1970 period.


The increase in the number of international students in the universities worldwide has led to new challenges and opportunities in engineering education. Despite the created multicultural environment, its participants still tend to congregate with peers from their native countries, especially in the engineering programs, where more attention is traditionally paid to research experiments and work-based experience, rather than to communication strategies. The paper aims at developing new strategies of engaging engineering students in intercultural communication through participation in cultural diversity and unity studies


Co‐immunoprecipitation is the classical approach for investigating protein–protein interactions. Analysis is generally conducted using the Western blot approach. We set out to investigate whether flow cytometry was a feasible alternative to Western blotting. Using the TCR‐CD3 complex as a model for intermolecular interactions in the MA5.8 cell line, FLAG‐tagged CD3ζ‐scFv fusion proteins could be captured on anti‐FLAG coupled beads and associated TCRβ molecules could be detected by flow cytometry. This association was abrogated by mutations to the CD3ζ transmembrane domain. Using multicolor flow cytometry, TCRβ, CD3ε, and the scFv region of the CD3ζ fusion molecule could all be detected from a single sample. This multicolor analysis was then applied to demonstrate the importance of correct lysis conditions for extraction of the TCR complex. In summary, this flow cytometric immunoprecipitation technique is a feasible alternative to classical co‐immunoprecipitation analysis technique and offers many potential advantages including rapid analysis with increased target sensitivity, reduced technical demands, amenable to multiple protein analysis from a single sample, and provides a framework that may facilitate the development of high throughput analytical assays investigating protein–protein interactions. © 2009 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry


This article is an empirical analysis of how social regulation is integrated into the welfare state. I compare health, migration, and unemployment policy reforms in Australia, Austria, Canada, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Sweden, Switzerland, the UK, and the United States from 1980 to 2014. Results show that the timing of reform events is similar among countries for health and unemployment policy but differs among countries for migration policy. For migration and unemployment policy, the integration of regulation and welfare is more likely to entail conditionality compared to health policy. In other words, in these two policy fields, it is more common that claimants receive financial support upon compliance with social regulations. Liberal or Continental European welfare regimes are especially inclined to integration. I conclude that integrating regulation and welfare entails a double goal: "bossing" citizens by making them take up available jobs while expelling migrants and refugees for minor offenses; and protecting citizens from risks, such as noncommunicable diseases.


The purpose of this study was to establish a method for collecting and analyzing fine dust particles using a particulate passive air sampler. Particle passive air sampler, Disc Centrifuge, and PM10-Analyzer were used for the study. Particle passive air samplers were used to collect particulate ...


The aims of this study were to investigate suitable LED lighting conditions for viewing fine art paintings in a museum environment and to test Kruithof's rule that defines pleasant lighting in terms of correlated colour temperature (CCT) and illuminance. The experiment was conducted in a room designed to simulate the exhibition of real paintings in museums. Twenty-four observers of different gender and educational background participated to evaluate oil and gouache paintings under different lighting conditions. Each painting was assessed via 14 word pairs using the categorical judgment method. The results showed that illuminance had a larger impact than CCT on visual perception, and three factors dominate visual perceptions: Comfort, Vividness and Definition. The present results only partially agreed with Kruithof's rule. A comfort zone of illuminance and CCT for paintings in museums has been developed.


measurements also revealed that the substitution of only one residue in the subunit interface of the E. coli α subunit changed the thermodynamic properties of association with the β subunit similar to those of the S. typhimurium α subunit. On the other hand, the association between α and β2 subunit from P. furiosus was characterized by substantially low values of association enthalpy and association heat capacity changes. This suggests that the folding coupled with the association decreases at low temperatures around 40 °C examined. This relates with remarkably low activities around 40°C, as compared with those of mesophile proteins. These differences in


The present invention relates to an absorbent article (10), the absorbent article may comprise a waist elastic member (50,150, 250). In one embodiment, the waist elastic member (50,150, 250) may comprise a first longitudinal region (92), a second longitudinal region (94) and an intermediate longitudinal region (93). Said first longitudinal zone (92) may include a first elastic member (76) between the two layers of material, the second longitudinal region (94) may comprise a second elastic member disposed between the two layers of material (78), and the longitudinal intermediate zone (93) may comprise than the first longitudinal region (92) and said second longitudinal zone in a less per (94) material layers.


The American Association of State Highway Officials (AASHO) was formed in 1914 as a forum to address highway issues and to promote state transportation priorities at the national level. In recognition of the association's 100th anniversary, this article summarizes its history and highlights its major accomplishments. The association was renamed the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) in 1973. Throughout its history, the association has built on the state-federal relationship to strengthen and sustain the national highway and transportation system. The success of the AASHO Road Test, the largest and most significant pavement research in the 20th century, is highlighted as an example of the association's leadership in sponsoring, developing and applying solutions to transportation-related problems.


This article analyzes the basis of criminal re sponsibities for criminal negligence in civil law.It holds that the old theory o f criminal negligence is based on the theory of psychological obligation and mor al obligation,whereas the new theory mainly prefers to the theory of regulatory obligation.Meanwhile,the article also discusses the questions on the basis of cr iminal responsibities for criminal negligence,through the three basises of crimi nal responsibilities--basis of justice,basis of essence and basis of law. \ \


The objective of this research is to obtain empirical evidence regarding the factors that influence managers propensity to take risk which the effects of payoff magnitude (the magnitude of the project selection). Propensity to take risk consists of risk taking managers and risk taking managers. Experiment is designed by using factorial design 1 x 3 between subjects. Fifty-two students, consisted of STIE YKPN Yogyakarta's students from Master of Accounting program, Master of Management program, and PPA program, are participate in this experiment. Subjects are selected as the proxy of manager because of the difficulties to obtain actual manager, by consideration that most of students from Master of Accounting program, Master of Management Program, and PPA program are candidate manager. In general, the results show that propensity to take risk effect on payoff magnitude. Of the six factors studied, only four are shown to influence propensity to take risk. Those factors are probability that generate a loss, probability that no bonus, maximum bonus available, and weigthed average expected bonus. The results show that gender do not influence propensity to take risk. Keywords : propensity to take risk, risk averse, risk taking, payoff magnitude, and gender


The study focuses on the group dynamics of shareholders in the selected FPCs (Farmer Producer Companies) of Idukki district, Kerala. A sample of 120 respondents among 13 FPCs was iden�fied using propor�onate random sampling. Results of the study indicate that majority of the shareholders in the selected FPCs exhibited a low to medium group dynamics and shareholders of four FPCs exhibited a high level of group dynamics. But the varia�on of GDI (Group Dynamics Index) among companies also point that some firms have be�er intra-group understanding and exhibit higher degree of group cohesiveness and team work along with a favourable a�tude towards the management which caters to a smooth decision making procedure. Principal component analysis of the selected indicators revealed that decision making procedure and team work has a significant effect on variance of the GDI.


Chemical analysis and X-ray powder crystal analysis were made to neutralized water and crystallization contained in it. It was found that there are a large amount of substances containing magnesium, potassium, sodium and calcium in neutralized water, of which the crystallization is mainly in form of sulphates including MgSO_4·3H_2O, MgSO_4·4H_2O, MgSO_4·1.25H_2O and CaSO_4·2H_2O. Such a large amount of magnesium sulphates or calcium sulphate come from two processes. One is the bio-oxidation in which the mineral composition of the gold ore used is complicate with many carbonates/silicates bearing magnesium/calcium and part of them dissolve into the solution cumulatively. The other is the neutralization using limestone, after which the residual calcium deposits in the solution. Neutralized water always cause the water pipeline to jam up when it is used cyclically in bio-oxidation process because of the high-concentration megnesium/calcium and, at the same time, the high-concentration magnesium will suppress the growth of bioleaching bacteria then result in adverse effect on bio-oxidation process.


The NHS Health Checks public health programme aims 'to prevent heart disease, stroke, diabetes and kidney disease, and raise awareness of dementia both across the population and within high risk and vulnerable groups' by inviting everyone in England aged 40–74 without known cardiovascular disease, diabetes, or a number of other conditions for a health check every five years, at an estimated annual cost of £450 million in 2015. The Health Checks literature avoids calling the programme medical screening, but this is misrepresentation, and should not exempt the Health Checks programme from being evaluated as medical screening. The programme is, in fact, a collection of screening tests. It does not adequately define the disorders being screened for, and none of the tests, as described, meet the requirements of a worthwhile screening test. The Health Checks programme does not set out the screening performance of each element in screening for the disorders insofar as they are defined and fails to quantify the preventive effects. Describing the programme as 'a free midlife MOT' is misleading, because it creates the false impression that a problem identified can be immediately fixed, and it ignores the false-positives and false-negatives inherent in medical screening. Implicit in the Health Checks programme is a presumption that the early detection of a disease is automatically a benefit, which is not the case. There is an unwarranted implication in the programme that screening for kidney disease using serum creatinine is worthwhile and that screening for diabetes in people with high blood pressure using a fasting blood sugar or glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) is useful in reducing the complications of diabetes, such as diabetic retinopathy. Without evidence of benefit in relation to outcomes, offering such screening as a public service should be deferred. It is also of concern that the programme recommends 'raising awareness' of dementia. For a condition without a remedy, such a recommendation is, at best, of questionable value. Screening for cardiovascular disease in Health Checks involves computing a person's 10-year risk of developing cardiovascular disease using the QRISK algorithm, by performing blood tests and a limited physical examination, asking questions including ethnic origin, and using postcode to assess socioeconomic status. Needless activity and cost are put into determining cardiovascular disease risk as precisely as possible. A person's initial risk is not what they need to know in screening and can be misunderstood. It is the benefit arising from screening that needs to be specified, not the entry risk. The relevant information is the chance that they will benefit as a result of screening and preventive medication and if they do, how many years of life they will be expected to gain without a cardiovascular disease event. The Health Checks programme fails to specify the best preventive medication. A statin is recommended to screen positive individuals regardless of their cholesterol level, but blood pressure lowering medication is only recommended if the blood pressure is high. This is inconsistent. Reducing blood pressure, whatever the starting level, reduces risk in the same way that reducing LDL cholesterol also reduces risk whatever the starting level. The programme thus involves undergoing an unnecessarily complex screening assessment followed by partial treatment in individuals who are screen positive. The fact that the Health Checks programme is unlikely to be very effective does not mean that a properly designed screening programme for future heart attacks and strokes would be ineffective. There is good evidence that this would be worthwhile. Lowering blood pressure and LDL cholesterol reduces the incidence of heart attacks and strokes and preventive medication can safely lower these two causal risk factors. A simple, inexpensive and effective screening policy based on a person's age alone could be used to identify increased risk. Age is the single strongest predictor of a future heart attack or stroke other than already having had one. With a screening test based on age alone, there is no screening barrier because age-screening can be performed without interaction with the person screened; compliance is 100%. Any nonparticipation arises only from invitees not taking up the offer of preventive medication. Using an age cut-off of 50 would detect over 90% of the people who, in the absence of preventive medication, would experience a first heart attack or stroke. Among those aged 50 and over, one in three would directly benefit from preventive medication and on average they would gain eight years of life without a first heart attack or stroke. The preventive medication is highly effective, very safe and cost-effective. Selecting individuals for preventive medication on the basis of age removes the cost and workload associated with performing the QRISK 2 assessments. The recommended risk cut-off for preventive medication has been reduced in current clinical guidelines and, as has been pointed out, 'beyond a certain age, such a large proportion of the population would be included that estimation of risk levels becomes redundant'. Thus, complex multi-factor screening methods reduce to a simple agebased screening approach. J Med Screen 2016, Vol. 23(2) 57–58 ! The Author(s) 2016 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/0969141315621772 msc.sagepub.com


ZiJin QianLieKang capsule is made with Chinese tradition medicine,it has the effect of clearing away heat ,activating blood circulation ,detoxfying and resolving a mass.It can be used to cure chronic prostatitis.We have taken it to a test study to rats' testbed bacterial prostatitis.It shows that ZiJin QianLieKang capsule can increase the lecithin corpuscle of prostatic fluid,reduce the numble of lercocyte and have the effect of anti-inflammatory,diuresis and activating blood circulation to dissipate extravasated blood.


Focus of this article is elaborating the meaning of the words of Jesus which we find in the gospel of John 14: 6 "I am the Way, the Truth and the Life". The purpose is showing that a proper understanding regarding the meaning of the words of Jesus provides a way to know who Jesus is and to take a proper attitude towards it. Knowing him and accepting him continuously is the way to be mature in faith. In order to do that first, I elaborate a simple notion about what is prayer and what is not prayer, a relation with God. Second, I show that a human being essentially free to give and receive form of his or her life. Third, I point out the meaning of John 14: 6 "I am the Way, the Truth and the Life". I end this article with a conclusion. The method that I used in doing this article is mystagogy.


Manifold-based algorithms are receiving increasing attention in computer vision and pattern recognition. Geodesic curves in the Graßmann manifold have proven to be very useful in modeling domain shift between a source and target domain, represented as subspaces. To obtain an invariant domain representation, the data is projected into a set of subspaces along the geodesic. In contrast to previous works that mainly explore intermediate subspaces along geodesics, in this paper we propose an alternative approach to address multiple source domain adaptation, by taking advantage of smooth interpolating curves on the Stiefel manifold to walk along a set of multiple domains. This aspect is particularly interesting in temporally or dynamically evolving events that are represented by discrete subsets of the data. To generate such curves, we apply a recent technique based on successive quasi-geodesic interpolation on the Stiefel manifold, that results from a modification of the Casteljau algorithm. To evaluate the usefulness of these smooth interpolating curves in pattern recognition problems, several experiments were conducted. We show the advantage of using such curves in multi-source unsupervised domain adaptation problems and in object recognition problems across dynamically evolving datasets.


Representative samples were studied by chemical, x-ray diffraction, differential thermal, and mechanical analysis, and measurement of physical characteristics. The bedded character of the clays and leaf impressions indicate a sedimentary origin. Quartz is the predominant non-clay mineral, with cristobalite, feldspar, and mica. The clay fraction consists solely of kaolinite. The material shows effects of intense heating.


remember the nurse who looked like she was having a "Maalox™ Moment" when she realized she was working with a nursing student? Remember the nurse who gave you your report and then was "MIA" for the rest of the morning? Remember the nurse who, on your first day in obstetrics, sent you in to perform a procedure you'd only read about in textbooks? Remember, also, the nurse who said "I really love to teach," and meant it? The nurse who explained everything clearly and completely—that same nurse who said, "I hope you're coming again tomorrow?"


Objective: To test the feasibility of using gingival crevice blood (GCB) collected during routine periodontal examination to estimate blood glucose levels using a novel and very sensitive self-monitoring device (FreeStyle®). Subjects and Methods: Forty-six patients (20 male, 26 female; age range 12–56 years, mean age 36 ± 11 years) seeking dental treatment took part in the study. Three and 4 patients reported diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2, respectively; 24 had gingivitis, of which 22 were moderate or advanced periodontitis. Periodontal probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment loss was measured at 6 sites of every tooth present, and bleeding on probing (BOP) was recorded. A site with profuse BOP was chosen for glucose determination. Measurements in GCB were compared with those of conventional capillary fingerstick blood (CFB). Results: Sufficiently large GCB volumes provided glucometer readings in 32 cases (range 1.17–10.00 mmol/l). The CFB readings ranged between 1.39 and 11.50 mmol/l. If low amounts of crevice blood prohibited a glucometer reading, significantly lower mean numbers of sites with BOP (26 vs. 67, p < 0.001) and elevated PD ≧4 mm (2 vs. 21, p < 0.05) were seen. Agreement between the two measurements was low, the mean difference was –1.22, and limits of agreement (1.96 times the standard deviation of differences) were ±2.89 mmol/l. Conclusion: The present study failed to provide any evidence for the usefulness of GCB for testing blood glucose during routine periodontal examination.


Environmental degradation has reached an alarming stage with the increasing number of natural disasters in Indonesia and various states. Such conditions at present require the State to take concrete steps to deal with more massive disasters in the future. The primary concrete step the State can take is to include specific environmental protection issues in the state constitution because environmental matters in the existing 1945 Constitution cannot provide maximum environmental protection. This research objective was to provide a juridical conceptual idea based on a study of principles and theories by comparing facts in several other states. Furthermore, the research method was juridical-normative, and the research design was legally dogmatic. This research used secondary data, which was then analyzed and presented qualitatively. The research results showed that environmental regulations in the 1945 Constitution are no longer relevant and can no longer provide environmental protection and preservation. Therefore, in the amendments to the 1945 Constitution concerning the environment, immediate attention must be given to establishing a government agency that explicitly handles environmental preservation with provisions aimed at realizing a green constitution.


Fluoroquinolones are a class of antibiotics with potent bactericidal, broad spectrum activity against many clinically important pathogens which are responsible for variety of infections including urinary tract infections (UTI), gastrointestinal infections, respiratory tract infections (RTI), sexually transmitted diseases (STD) and skin infections. They are primarily used against urinary tract infections and are also clinically useful against prostatitis, infections of skin and bones and penicillin resistant sexually transmitted diseases. The growth in understanding of structure activity relationships with fluoroquinolones has enabled the development of even better compounds. The targets in fluoroquinolone research during the last few years include: improvements in pharmacokinetic properties, greater activity against gram-positive cocci and anaerobes, activity against fluoroquinoloneresistant strains, and improvements in activity against non-fermentative gram-negative species. The fluoroquinolones have a relatively simple molecular nucleus, which is can be subjected to many structural modifications. These agents have several favourable properties such as excellent bioavailability, good tissue penetrability and a relatively low incidence of adverse and toxic effects. This paper is an attempt to review the therapeutic prospects of fluoroquinolones antibacterials with an updated account on their development and usage.


Acknowledgements This report follows eight months of work with partner non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in four countries: • Albania and Greece: Terre des hommes-Albania (Tdh-Albania) and their partner agencies Association for the Social Support of Youth (ARSIS) and Children of the World and of Albania (FBSH). Many staff from these organisations worked extremely hard to collect the data included in this report. Particular thanks are due to those who managed the data collection: Mindy Michels in Albania/Greece, Vipin Bhatt and Sanjay Gupta in India, and Khady Diarra and Arona Bathily in Senegal. These individuals, along with Enkelejda Tabaku and Birahim Diakhaté also contributed greatly during a meeting in London to discuss the findings. Thanks also go to Malick Diagne and Amy Farris who provided invaluable support to the team in Senegal, and to Emily Bild who helped greatly in India. The help and support offered by the team at Anti-Slavery International in London is much appreciated. In particular: Catherine Turner, who initiated the project and continued to contribute throughout despite being on maternity leave; Meghan MacBain who managed the latter stages of the project; Aidan McQuade, who drafted the Executive Summary; and Chris Cutter who put in many hours on a voluntary basis. Lorna Dubois, an intern at Anti-Slavery International, did an excellent job researching background information on global studies and legal frameworks. In addition, Mike Dottridge, Consultant and ex-Director of Anti-Slavery International, whose invaluable advice on the development of the project and during the partners' validation meeting in London was greatly appreciated. Special thanks must go to the many children and adults from Albania, Greece, India and Senegal who gave up their valuable time to talk to us about child begging. Disclaimer The views expressed in this report are those of the research participants and do not in all cases reflect the policies of Anti-Slavery International, nor of the partner agencies which contributed to this report. 1 The NGO Amaro Drom did not take part in conducting the research in Albania as originally hoped because their representatives were unable to attend training sessions on the research methodology and techniques. However, they were consulted on the documents that resulted. Research findings and recommendations on forced child begging in Albania/Greece, India and Senegal Contents Executive summary 1 Introduction 2 Rationale and aims of the research 3 Some definitions 3 The research methods 4 Outline of the report 5 1. Types of forced …


In recent years, ultrasonic guided waves gained attention for reliable testing and characterization of metals and composites. Guided wave modes are excited and detected by PZT (Lead Zirconate Titanate) transducers either in transmission or reflection mode. In this study guided waves are excited and detected in the transmission mode and the phase change of the propagating wave modes are recorded. In most of the other studies reported in the literature, the change in the received signal strength (amplitude) is investigated with varying degrees of damage while in this study the change in phase is correlated with the extent of damage. Feature extraction techniques are used for extracting phase and time-frequency information. The main advantage of this approach is that the bonding condition between the transducer and the specimen does not affect the phase while it can affect the strength of recorded signal. Therefore, if the specimen is not damaged but the transducer-specimen bonding is deteriorated then the received signal strength is altered but the phase remains same and thus false positive predictions for damage can be avoided.


Previous research has focused on systems of genres in mainly academic, professional and electronic settings. However, few studies consider systems of genres in post-compulsory education, nor are these genres considered from an English as a second language (ESL) perspective. This paper presents a study which examines the importance of ESL students gaining access to an Australian Vocational Educational College (VEC). The system of genres (Bazerman, 1994) involved in the course application process is identified, and the difficulties which ESL students had with these genres, together with the language and cultural issues which arose during the application process, are explored. The participants in the study comprised eight ESL students and two VEC customer service officers. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, and relevant institutional documents. Analysis revealed that the system of genres involved in the application process for vocational courses is both complicated and multifarious, with five distinct application methods identified. The complexity of the system of genres was surprising for a relatively common process. While not every student encounters each individual genre, the potential for difficulty is enormous. Compounded by additional language and cultural


Compound document images contain graphic or textual content along with pictures. They are found in magazines, brochures, web-sites, etc in a document format. The goal is to compress an image containing the mixed raster content (MRC) using multi-layer approach. The proposed methodology segments the image into regions such as text, pictures and background. The key to MRC compression is the separation of the document into foreground and background layers, represented as a binary mask. The compression quality depends on the segmentation algorithm used to compute the binary mask. The proposed multi-scale segmentation algorithm models the complex aspects of both local and global contextual behavior. The proposed algorithm finds the block-wise segmentation of the raster image in a global cost optimization framework. Then the initial segmentation is refined by classifying feature vectors of connected components using a Markov random field (MRF) model. Then hybrid procedures of the previous steps are then incorporated into a multi-scale framework in order to improve the segmentation accuracy of text with varying size. It is shown that the proposed methodology achieves greater accuracy of text detection but with a lower false detection rate of non-text features. This segmentation algorithm can improve the quality of decoded documents while simultaneously lowering the bit rate. It is also shown that execution time can be greatly reduced by the use of features that are not computationally intensive.


Blood flowing in capillary cannot be treated as a homogeneous fluid, since the diameter of capillary is of the same dimension as that of red cells. The hematocrit is about 45%. Therefore, when blood flows in capillary, the width of the"compartment"between the two adjacent red cells will be nearly equal to the thickness of the red cell. For the sake of simplicity, we shall make assumptions as follows: (1) the surfaces of red cells are perpendicular to the axis of capillary; (2) since the"compartments"are very narrow, there can be no relative motion of plasma to be contained between the red cells with respect to them; (3) the capillary is an infinite small cylindrical tube; (4) the flow of blood in capillary is steady; (5) blood is incompressible; (6) the effect of gravity is negligible; (7) there is no slip on the wall of the tube. From the above assumptions, we may treat the flow of blood in capillary as if an infinite rod flows steadily through an infinite cylinder filled with plasma.Let us take a cylindrical coordinate system (r, θ, z), the z-axis being the axis of the capillary. Then the velocity component vz will be a function of r alone. Solving the equations of continuity and of momentum, we get the discharge Q=πΔp (R4-r04)/8η. If blood is regarded as a homogeneous fluid of apparent viscosity ηb, the discharge will be given by Q0=πΔpR4/8ηb according to the Poiseuille equation. Consequently, the ratio of Q to Q0 is given by Q/Q0=η0/η·{1-(r0/R4}.The apparent viscosity ηa of blood in our model is related with the discharge by the relation Q=πΔpR4/8ηa. By equating this expression with the obtained formula, we get ηa/η={1-(r0/R)4}-1. This relationship has been derived by Whitmore from a different stand point of view under certain conditions.


Airborne measurements in low and middle‐level clouds over the Beaufort Sea in April 1992 and June 1995 show that these clouds often have low droplet concentrations (<100 cm3) and relatively large effective droplet radii. The highest average droplet concentrations overall were measured in altocumulus clouds that formed in airflows from the south that passed either over the North American continent or were from Asia. Droplet concentrations in low clouds tended to be higher in April than in June. The low clouds in June occasionally contained drops as large as 35 μm diameter; in these clouds the collision‐coalescence process was active and produced regions of extensive drizzle. Cloud‐top droplet concentrations were significantly correlated with aerosols beneath their bases, but appeared to be relatively unaffected by aerosols above their tops. Anthropogenic sources around Deadhorse, Alaska, increased local cloud droplet concentrations.


Sequential neural networks using time‐delay feedback connections can be taught to reproduce musical sequences. By altering the network's controlling parameters, new sequences can be composed that are based on features of the previously learned examples [P. M. Todd, Comput. Mus. J. 13, 27–43 (1989)]. The current work expands this approach by adding an additional sequential network, running at a slower "speed," which produces the parameters to control a faster‐running network hierarchically positioned above it. This allows the slower network to control high‐level structural aspects of the final musical output produced by the faster network, resulting in longer, more structured sequences. Issues remain in how best to divide up the sequence learning appropriately between the two hierarchical networks.


In this work, we study the existence of C ∞ local solutions to 2-Hessian equation inR 3 . We consider the case that the right hand side function f possibly vanishes, changes the sign, is positively or negatively defined. We also give th e convexities of solutions which are related with the annulation or the sign of right-hand sid e function f . The associated linearized operator are uniformly elliptic.


Modeling Particle Trajectories of Coal Size and Density Fractions in a Gasifier Andrew A. Slezak Jr. A computational model of a generic commercial two-stage entrained-flow upflow coal gasifier has been used in the present work to aid the researchers of the coal partitioning project at the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL). Specifically, the level of variation in the predicted performance in a generic entrained-flow gasifier if both coal slurry density fractions as well as diameter fractions are properly modeled in the CFD simulation was determined. Simulations were performed using the commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software Fluent for a Pittsburgh #8 Bailey coal to analyze fixed carbon conversion, exit gas volume fractions, and particle trajectory patterns. The computational simulation involved effects of flow turbulence, finite-rate chemistry, and solid-gas phase interactions. In order to represent the coal sample in a CFD code, two basic case setups were explored. The first used a Sauter-mean average diameter along with the overall mass average density of the 28 size/density fractions of the Bailey coal sample. Each surface injection was then treated with a uniform density and diameter distribution. The elemental composition of the parent coal was used in setting up the boundary conditions and volatile component distribution for the first case. The second case used 28 simultaneous injections on each surface, each of which assumed the average density of that particular fraction along with a uniform diameter distribution of the corresponding size class. The Ultimate and Proximate analysis of each fraction was determined and included in the setup of the particle compositions within the CFD model for the second case. Two different devolatilization models were explored and the results were compared. Flow field characteristics such as center-plane velocity and temperature along with exit gas compositions were useful in judging the validity of the simulations as well as to compare predictions for the various chemistry models. Particle trajectory patterns were analyzed for coal feeds with varying initial diameter, density, and elemental composition. One of the purposes of the coal partitioning project was to analyze fly ash mass flux and slag layer buildup in a commercial scale gasifier. With this in mind, different particle wall boundary conditions were explored and data was generated relating to the state of the particle when it impacts the reactor wall. Average impact velocity component normal to the wall, temperature, and char content of the impacting particle were recorded for flow fields obtained from case setups that used different injection profiles and devolatilization models. Validation studies were performed against data taken from an experimental facility at SRI International. Results for three different experimental configurations were compared with predictions from Fluent.


This article presents a history of the Apostolic Faith Mission in the United Kingdom from an academic perspective. More specifically, the article discusses the emergence of the Apostolic Faith International Ministries UK (afmimuk). Arguably, the afmimuk is regarded as a missionary field of the Apostolic Faith Mission of Zimbabwe. So, the article discusses the early 20 years of the Apostolic Faith Mission in the United Kingdom. The lack of previous documentation presents a challenge to the writing of the denomination's history. The article uses historiography by objective (hbo) as a theoretical framework and concludes that the afmimuk is an example of the spread of Pentecostal Christianity in Europe.


The ability to view an area of a wafer and 10X stepper reticle, simultaneously on axis, has been used to match different 10X reduction wafer steppers. This paper defines the problem and discusses test results. Operational parameters, global alignment, and intra-field die alignment are discussed. Wafer distortion and field distortion are examined. Registration data gathered from visual and computer diagnostics, which support the conclusions, are discussed.


The purpose of this article is to place homework in the framework of an emerg- ing interest in the development of effective home-school partnerships. Specifi -cally, review of the homework literature is provided with attention to parent-, teacher-, and child-mediated programs. Several homework programs that have received empirical support are described. Finally, the role of the school psychologist in supporting and coordinating complementary home-school homework programs is explored.


In geolocation-based networking systems such as wireless sensor networks, real-time multicast routing has paid more attention to on-time data delivery to all destinations rather than cost-efficiency due to its significance. However, the original purpose of real-time multicasting is to achieve transmission efficiency to a group of destinations. To deal with this, we propose a Localized Optimal Real-time Multicast routing (LORM) scheme tackling both demands on real-time and the transmission efficiency. LORM consists of two phases: 1) backbone line establishment with the restriction of the furthermost distance and 2) cost efficient branch arrangement by our heuristic expectation-maximization allocation for grouping of nearby destinations.


Verrucous carcinoma, a low-grade variant of squamous cell carcinoma, defined as a diagnostically squamous cell neoplasia involving lip, oropharyngeal, and laryngeal mucosa and named as 'Ackerman's tumour' by Ackerman in 1948. It usually occurs in the lower lip region and this is one such case in which a painful proliferative growth was evident over the right alveolar region for the period of 8 months. Radiological investigations, biopsies were performed followed by surgical excision of the lesion.


The name Juanita should have been an unlikely candidate for popularity in a place like Newfoundland, where only 0.1% of the half-a-million population speaks Spanish as a mother tongue and 0.4% iden...


Emerging usage models for computing devices require low acoustic noise, for example in home entertainment systems. Studies have shown that not only the overall level, but also the psychoacoustic aspects matter. This paper provides an overview of testing techniques that are used in the information technology industry and outlines two specific case studies. First, an extensive subjective psychoacoustic study was designed and conducted in multiple geographies to determine the aspects of sound that best describe the annoyance to sound from information technology products in a home type environment. Over 200 participants in four countries participated in this carefully controlled experiment and rated typical steady state sounds on a 5 point annoyance scale. The relevant sound quality metrics were extracted and geographical variations quantified. Second, in a paired comparison study the influence of modulation on annoyance was investigated by superimposing different frequency and amplitude modulated sounds onto a baseline sound. The results indicate that modulation can have a significant effect on subjective perception.


The invention discloses a histamine-modified agmatine-based linear-polymer transgenic carrier and a preparation method and applications thereof. The transgenic carrier is prepared through reacting open loops of epoxy groups of glycidyl methacrylate with amino end groups of agmatine and histamine, chaining the agmatine and the histamine to the glycidyl methacrylate through chemical bonds, initiating a modified glycidyl methacrylate monomer to carry out free-radical atactic polymerization, and finally chaining the electropositive agmatine and the histamine with a proton buffering function to macromolecule chains. The agmatine carrier has good biocompatibility and promotes the transmembrane capacity of composites. The modification of the histamine increases the endosome escape capability of composites on the premise of not affecting the cell toxicity of the carrier, thereby effectively improving the efficiency and properties of the agmatine as a transgenic carrier; and the carrier can be used as an efficient non-viral gene carrier for gene therapy, realizes the improvement on the gene transfection efficiency of the agmatine carrier, and extends the role of the in-vivo circulation time.


By increasing the radix of an FFT building block, we can reduce the total number of arithmetic operations required to perform short-term spectral analyses. For a number of analysis points equal to or slightly less than a power of 12, use of the radix-12 building block reduces power consumption by a factor that lies typically between 2 and 5.<<ETX>>


ABSTRACT In this paper, based on inequalities for the maximum of the partial sums of m-asymptotically almost negatively associated random vectors in Hilbert space, we establish various kinds of strong laws of large numbers, -convergence and complete convergence. In addition, by relating this dependence condition to residual Cesáro alpha-integrability and to strongly residual Cesáro alpha-integrability, we obtain some -convergence and complete convergence results.


Each paper explores the influences on different parts of Peripatetic rhetoric, its discussion of character, emotion, reason, and style, its relationships with other texts, including those of Theodectes and the Rhetorica ad Alexandrum, and its relationship with the oratory of the 4th century BC.


Recently, crime victim is revictimized by offender for reporting to police, called 'retaliatory crime' is increasing. In particular, the relationship between victim and offender is an acquaintance or offender threat to criminal reporter and witness by reason of disadvantage statement besides a direct victim. Criminal Justice Organization, including Police, take a role of revealing the truth about crime and protecting victim and witness who give important information, so they should make sure to provide an institutional strategy for participating in criminal procedure safety. To do this, this paper examine for the protection system of crime victim based on the law. In detail, we can divided into assistant system, physical safety, personal information, also check personal information based on law. Furthermore, it draws features from Police Official Crime Statistics, features of criminal type and cases of retaliatory crime. Based on those, this paper examine the protection system of crime victim by Police from pre-investigation stage, discuss system's problems and measures to improve. This paper discuss importance of policing for retaliatory crime and system's problems and measures to improve further than existing researches suggested general policy proposal from checking law.


▴ Emergence of influenza B viruses with reduced sensitivity to neuraminidase inhibitors. Hatakeyama S, Sugaya N, Ito M, et al . JAMA2007;297:1435–42.

[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4]

Oseltamivir is a neuraminidase inhibitor effective in the treatment of influenza. In this Japanese study, the sensitivity of influenza B virus to neuraminidase inhibitors was assessed in 74 children before and after treatment with oseltamivir, and in a further 348 untreated patients, 66 of whom were adults. …

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We propose logic XOR gate and format conversion for carrier-suppressed return-to-zero differential phase-shift keying (CSRZ-DPSK) signals using non-degenerate four-wave mixing (FWM) in a highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF). Due to the linear relationship of the complex amplitudes between output and input optical waves, the three generated idler waves by three non-degenerate FWM processes take the return-to-zero differential phase-shift keying (RZ-DPSK) format and the logic XOR result of three input CSRZ-DPSK signals. All-optical 40 Gbit/s multicasting CSRZ-DPSK logic XOR operation and CSRZ-DPSK to RZ-DPSK format conversion are simultaneously demonstrated in the experiment.


It is well known that phantom energy, which is characterized by the equation of state p = ωρ, ω < −1, can support Morris-Thorne wormholes since it leads to a violation of the null energy condition. The purpose of this note is to show that the converse is also true in the following sense: for a typical shape function, the equation of state of exotic matter in the vicinity of the throat is given by pr = ωρ, ω < −1, where pr is the radial pressure. Some implications thereof are also considered.


Division of Labor Control is advanced function for distributed autonomous robotic systems. Many studies focussing division of labor control inspired biological phenomenon have been reported. However, the optimality is not discussed because decentralized control is typically complicated. In this study, we propose the division of labor control method for robot group that enable adaptively select whether homogeneous state or heterogeneous state against working conditions and address the optimality by mathematical analysis. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, the computer simulations are carried out and we confirm that robot group implemented the proposed method inevitably organize the division of labor state with group performance improvement.


ABSTRACT This paper studies the main directions of development of Polish economic historiography in the country and in exile (in Great Britain and the United States) between 1945 and 1989. The analysis focuses on Polish economic history under various conditions (especially political ones) and the characteristics of selected research in exile (by Stanisław Swianiewicz, Władysław Wielhorski, Paweł Zaremba, Piotr Wojtowicz, Alfred Zauberman, Stanisław Kościałkowski, and Feliks Gross). The current literature focuses on the achievements of researchers in the country, while exile economic historiography is still marginalized. I analyse representative works of Polish researchers, comparing their issues and the methods used. It turns out that home economic historiography flourished, even under ideological constraints.


We present a quantitative analysis of the modifications of the scanning-tunneling-microscopy images due to the local perturbations of the electronic states induced by the tip in close proximity to the sample surface. Using an empirical tight-binding method, we have calculated the electronic states of a prototype tip-sample system consisting of a single-atom tip and the graphite surface, as a function of the tip-sample distance. We find that as the tip approaches the sample, their states start to interact and become laterally confined in the vicinity of the tip at small tip-sample separation. These states influence the tunneling phenomenon by connecting the tip and sample surface electronically. The effect of the tip-induced localized states is discussed, and the expression for the tunneling current is reformulated by incorporating the tip-induced states. Calculations using this expression show that the corrugation amplitude obtained from scanning tunneling microscopy is enhanced and deviates from the proportionality to the local density of states of the bare sample at the Fermi level evaluated at the center of the tip.


Analogue front end (AFE) design plays a prominent role to specify the overall performance of neural recording systems. In this paper, we present a power efficient low noise operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) which is power consumable block for multi channel neural recording system with shared structure. Inversion coefficient (IC) methodology is used to size the transistors. This work focuses on the neural recording applications which show > 40 dB and up to 7.2 kHz bandwidth. The proposed architecture, which is referred as partial sharing operational transconductance amplifier with source degeneration, results in reduced noise, hence improving NEF. Simulation results are carried in UMC 0.18 μm and shows improved gain of 66 dB, phase margin of 94°, input-referred voltage noise 0.6 μV/sqrt(Hz) and power consumption of 2.15 μW with supply of 1.8 V.


The technical regulations of the Customs Union demands implementation of the risk analysis of the bridge cranes operation at their design stage. The statistical model has been developed for performance of random calculations of risks, allowing us to model possible operational influences on the bridge crane metal structure in their various combination. The statistical model is practically actualized in the software product automated calculation of risks of failure occurrence of bridge cranes.


Chinese wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) is generally considered to have acceptable protein content,but weak gluten properties,and is thus of inferior quality for mechanized production of pan bread and noodles in China.Therefore,improvement of gluten quality including strength and extensibility has become a major breeding objective.Composition of high molecular weight glutenin subunits(HMW-GS) and low molecular weight glutenin subunits(LMW-GS) play an important role in determinating the gluten quality in common wheat.The purposes of this study were to investigate the effects of allelic variation in HMW-GS and LMW-GS especially in subunit 14+15 and Glu-D3 locus on quality traits with two independent trials using 242 and 91 lines of progenies from the cross between PH 82-2(Glutenin composition of 1,14+15,2+12,and Glu-A3d,Glu-B3d,Glu-D3c) and Neixiang 188(Glutenin composition of 1,7+9,5+10,and Glu-A3a,Glu-B3j,Glu-D3b),respectively.The results showed that allelic variation had slight contribution to kernel protein content.Glu-D1 locus took a primary role in processing quality,Glu-D3 locus had slight contribution to them.The effect of locus was 14+157+9 at Glu-B1 and Glu-D3cGlu-D3b at Glu-D3.1B/1R translocation lines showed more desirable quality characteristics in peak time,right of peak slope,and peak integral than normal lines.


This paper considers how the provision of integrated household-level infrastructure – particularly water and environmental sanitation (including water supply, sewerage, roads, storm drainage and solid waste management) – can play a leading role in improving the conditions in slum settlements. Around 700 socio-economic interviews were carried out in India and South Africa to investigate an innovative approach called slum networking, which sees the strong correlation between slum locations and drainage paths as an opportunity for improving the wider urban environment. This recognition allows resources to be mobilised locally, thereby removing the need for external aid funding. The evidence from the 700 families shows that communities perceive water and sanitation inputs to be their top priority and are willing to contribute to the costs. If slum upgrading is led with access to integrated water and environmental sanitation at household level with community contributions to the cost of infrastructure, then sl...


TUBERCULOSIS should be an easily managed infection, as it is only JL conveyed by living tubercle bacilli present in discharges for the most part readily disinfected. Contact is a much more important factor in its propagation than heredity. The special institution treatment of phthisis is too often regarded as solely a method of treatment, and its value as a potent means of prevention is thus not sufficiently appreciated. From the preventive aspect institution treatment is of great importance, on account of (1) the practical instruction conveyed by it, and (2) the isolation of the disease brought about by it. The various kinds of phthisical institutions are (1) the sanatorium for early cases, (2) the hospital for acute and more advanced cases (which should also contain an observation ward or barrack), (3) the isolation home for advanced cases, and especially for those which, owing to the patient's carelessness or to the lack of the possibility of adequate home nursing, are really dangerous to the community. All these institutions are to be conducted on the well-known open-air principles, and all hygienic and preventive measures must be rigidly observed both in the interests of the patients and the attendants. The patient returning to his home (disinfected during his absence) will thus have learnt from practice all that is necessary to prevent his being a source of danger to others. A dispensary, including oflice, is a necessary appanaoe to the institution apart from the treatment. In addition to the treatment of consumptives, this dispensary serves (1) as a registration office for the consumptive poor, (2) as a centre of instruction, (3) as a distributing agency for spit-cups, paper handkerchiefs, etc., and (4) as a diagnosis station supplemented by the observation ward above referred to. District nurses are essential to the efficient work of this dispensary; they are the intermediaries between it and the dwellings of the consumptives. The medical profession can render the greatest services in the prevention of tuberculosis in referring doubtful as


China's agricultural genetic resources are confronted with a severe threat from bio-piracy.However,agricultural intellectual property rights play a significant role in agricultural technological innovation,increase and safety of grain production,and the increase of farmers' income as well.This paper discussed the full meaning and the legal protection of agricultural intellectual property rights,analyzed the existing problems in the protection of the agricultural intellectual property rights and their fundamental causes.Solutions to strengthening the protection of the agricultural intellectual property rights were put forward on the basis of the review of the international conventions and successful experiences of foreign countries.It was suggested extending the protection scope for the patent objects and new plant cultivars by various laws and bringing them into benefit-sharing system,making a special law on genetic resources,and defining farmers' rights as intellectual property rights.


Direct difference ir spectra are presented as a function of hydration for lysozyme and α‐lactalbumin, and detailed sequential hydration molecular events identified. Despite the strong sequence homology between the two proteins, and their expected conformational similarity, the hydration behaviour of the polar groups is different for the two proteins. Using a Hill‐type analysis, we conclude that the acid groups ionize and hydrate rapidly and noncooperatively in both proteins, consistent with the known (lysozyme) and postulated (α‐lactalbumin) surface chemistry. The polar group hydration shows a clear cooperativity, which is quantitatively different in the two proteins. Complementary work suggests this cooperativity relates to a hydration‐induced "loosening up" of the lysozyme conformation at about 55 mol water/mol protein. α‐Lactalbumin appears to "open up" more easily for hydration than does lysozyme, consistent with its lower stability against thermal and acid denaturation.


Ultra deep water scenarios are still showing up offshore Brazil. New recent oil discoveries in the Tupi and Jupiter oil fields are over more than 3000m water depth. These new scenarios require new technology for their development. A useful methodology is though the use experimental test in ocean basins. However, the depth of all world ocean basins is not enough to accommodate recommended scales for floating bodies and moorings and risers for such water depth. Hence, line truncation is necessary. The present paper proposes a new idea to surpass this limitation. The work suggests the use of the so called magnetic bases to avoid some problems that occur with a blunt truncation of lines. These magnetic base devices are projected to obtain with the truncated lines, the same full scale properties such as restoring forces and also the same viscous dissipation. This paper describes the procedure followed to study a magnetic base application. Due to availability of a ITTC semisubmersible, the first step was to make this ITTC model to work as TLP. The next task was to design the truncation of its lines using the concept of magnetic base. Subsequently, the TLP project with full and truncated lines mooring system in what concern theirs natural frequency of response, the decay behaviour and the response in irregular waves were addressed numerically using a non-linear time domain program.Copyright © 2009 by ASME


Abstract Two species of the genus Platythomisus Doleschall, 1859 are studied: P.xiandao Lin & Li, sp. nov. is described based on male and female specimens from Yunnan, China, and P.octomaculatus (C. L. Koch, 1845), the type species of the genus, is redescribed based on female specimens from Singapore. Its male, also from Singapore, is described for the first time.


A real-time holographic interferometry is applied to obtain microscopic behaviors of heat and mass transfer in the thin boundary layer along a flat plate in a parallel air stream, in which the physical situation changes instantaneously and spatially. The flat plate is heated or wetted, and is tested in the regimes of laminar and turbulent flows. Interferometric pictures are taken photographically in different exposure times. The obtained results are discussed mainly to find out the dependence of exposure time on free stream velocity and turbulence fluctuation, and to establish practically the optimum expo-sure time with good resolution, under the condition that the temperature and mass concentration gradients change greatly in the thin boundary layer.


Learning Objectives: Atelectasis is the loss of lung volume due to obstructive or non-obstructive causes. One of the obstructive etiologies is mucus plug which is commonly treated with flexible bronchoscopy. However, this procedure is invasive and may not be used due to patient's refusal and contraindications. We report a case with complete lung opacification due to mucus plugs that was successfully treated with suction through a nasopharyngeal airway (NPA). Methods: A 100-year-old man with type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and colon cancer presented with productive cough and shortness of breath for 2 days. Vital signs revealed hypothermia and tachycardia. He was found to have leukocytosis and new infiltration on the right lung. He was admitted for the treatment of sepsis due to aspiration pneumonia. He later developed respiratory failure. A follow -up chest x-ray showed worsening of the opacification with almost total right lung collapse with mediastinal shift. His code status was Do-Not-Intubate/Do-Not-Resuscitate and his family members refused invasive procedures (intubation and bronchoscopy) but allowed NIPPV (non-invasive positive pressure ventilation), NPA with soft tube suction. The patient was placed on NIPPV together with aggressive lung percussion. These maneuvers did not result in clearing of the lung. However, suctioning of right main-stem bronchus yielded copious amount of thick mucus. Follow-up chest x-ray showed the resolution of right lung atelectasis Results: There are various methods to treat atelectasis due to mucus plug in non-intubated patients such as flexible bronchoscopy, lung percussion, mucolytic agents, and oropharyngeal suctioning. In contrast to oropharyngeal airway NPA is more suitable for awake patients. NPA has no effect on gag reflex stimulation for suctioning secretions and maintaining airway patency. Although, NIPPV was found to be beneficial to patients with postoperative atelectasis with few secretions, it is generally not recommended in patients with abundant respiratory secretion. There is only one case report in literature that used NIPPV to treat atelectasis due to mucus plug. Our patient is the first reported case which successfully used NPA suctioning together with NIPPV and lung percussion to treat atelectasis. These procedures may be a useful option for critical ill patients who refuse invasive treatment.


An 18-year-old male student presented with epigastric pain of 10 days duration. The symptoms were moderate and continuous but without radiation. The pain was aggravated by food and lying on his back. The patient denied a history of exposure to tuberculosis and any other medical or surgical history. There had been no weight loss or fever prior to the presentation. Physical examination was normal. Chest and abdominal x-ray showed no evidence of abnormality. Both abdominal CT and MRI confirmed a 3.5 cm round mass with enhancement in the pancreatic uncinate process, compressing the inferior vena cava medially …


Most models of auditing in the accounting literature may be classified as agency models or signaling models.' The emphasis in an agency model is on a single firm; the auditor is typically modeled as a utility-maximizing player who is hired by a firm's owner to better control a manager as well as to improve their risk-sharing arrangement. A signaling model, on the other hand, includes a larger set of players, and it focuses on the interrelationships among the various players in a market setting. The auditor is usually modeled as a mechanistic monitor; the output (report) of an auditor, and/or the act of hiring an auditor, is used by an informed party (e.g., an owner) to signal its private information (e.g., the firm's risk characteristics) to an uninformed party (e.g., an investor). In this paper we incorporate a utility-maximizing auditor, as found in agency models, into a simple signaling setting composed of firms of unobservable risk types requiring loans, lenders of capital to the firms, auditors, and a court system. We consider how litigation against auditors affects the prevailing equilibria as well as the resulting welfare of the different participants when the endogenously determined interest rates


According to research on the performance-cue effect in work ratings, knowledge that a group performed well or poorly can trigger raters' implicit theories, resulting in inaccurate judgments of the group's behavior. Unfortunately, because information concerning group performance has always been provided by the experimenter, it has been impossible to tell whether the performance-cue erect reflects the influence of participants'implicit theories or is simply an attempt to conform to the experimenter's belief. To test these 2 explanations, participants observed a work group without having received performance information and then completed evaluative and behavioral ratings of the group. Allowing participants to evaluate the group free of any externally provided performance information enabled participants to form independently generated impressions; thus, the demand characteristic problem was eliminated. Results indicated the performance-cue erect is not an artifact and that it is likely due to a systematic response bias


In this paper, dynamic control and noise elimination of adaptive inverse control are introduced. X-LMS adaptive inverse control algorithm and RLS adaptive inverse control algorithm are used to identify the parameters and design the controller. Simulating results show that ship manoeuvering can be improved with adaptive inverse control technology, moreover X-LMS adaptive inverse control algorithm has a better behavior on response characteristics, and RLS adaptive inverse control algorithm has a better behavior on noise elimination.


Using numerical simulations, we examine the wave-function probability density of a model two-electron atom exposed to intense femtosecond laser pulses. We determine numerically the lowest-lying energies and eigenstates of the model atom. This information is then used to identify resonance features within the double-ionization yield, defined as probability density in which both electrons are far from the nucleus, and the atomic levels responsible for these features. This resonance behavior is confirmed using two distinct procedures.


Coal marketing management is the inevitable trend to develop marketing economy,and plays an increasingly prominent role with vital status for enterprises to survive and develop.Coal marketing management is a useful tool and a vital step to strengthen and expand the business for coal enterprises by monitoring overall performance and management process.As a result,coal marketing performance management turns into an important topic in coal enterprise management."Four Degrees",as a new theory,is proposed,based on focusing existing issues from coal marketing performance in the enterprises."Four Degrees" elaborates how four various factors-sales closeness,quality dependence,market influence and co-operation satisfaction deg-ree,affect marketing performance.Also,the theory has been validated with using structural equation assumptions model.In addition,the result shows that there is a high correlation among these factors in coal market.For instance,a relatively greater market influence has to be achieved with a high degree of co-operation satisfaction,while a high level of co-operation satisfaction is only achieved by a high level of sales closeness and quality dependence.Thus,it can be concluded that co-operation satisfa-ction is the key performance indicator in coal marketing evaluation,and "Four Degrees" can be used as basic indices in mar-keting performance in coal enterprises.


Curved box girder has both characters of curved girder and box girder,and the coupling effect between bending moment and torsion moment caused by the curvature under vertical load should be taken into account.Based on research results of curved girder at home and abroad,the spatial mechanical characters and influencing factors of curved box girder were summarized in this thesis.Choosing a 60m single-span curved PC simply supported girder with single cell boxed cross-section as the example,spatial plate element models were established by TDV finite element software.Then the distributions of normal stress and shear stress of cross-section of main girder with different curve radius under the action of dead load were analyzed.Afterwards,according to the relationship between bending deformation and strains,and by comparing the transverse distributions of normal stress of curved bridge with that of straight bridge,the thesis put forward a view point that the stress variation caused by the arc length difference between the internal arc and external arc of the curve can be expressed by a magnification coefficient.Analysis results show that,except the effect of shear lag,the distributions of normal stress of cross-section of curved bridge is correlated with the stress magnification coefficient which is caused by the arc length difference between internal arc and external of the curve.


In this paper, we present an extension of the interconnection and damping assignment passivity-based control (IDA-PBC) method to control a class of underactuated mechanical systems with dynamic friction using a Lagrangian framework. The IDA-PBC method was introduced some years ago but with a Hamiltonian framework. A feature of our extension in both frameworks is a new damping injection term –achieved through a nonlinear observer– added into the control law to compensate friction. Friction at the actuated coordinates is assumed to be captured by one of the simplest dynamic friction models: the Dahl model. Our main contribution is a novel stability analysis, which by invoking the Lyapunov direct method and a particular Lyapunov function, we give conditions to guarantee zero position error convergence. Simulations on a ball and beam system show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme when friction is compensated.


The non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technique is now considered as a strong candidate for 5G mobile communications that enables greater multiuser capacity and user fairness through multiplexing in the power domain. The key primary benefit is the higher spectrum efficiency compared to orthogonal multiple access(OMA). As the NOMA systems have the high capacity and spectrum efficiency, it could be a solution for Ultra-reliable low latency communication(URLLC), which is one of several different types of use-cases with the most stringent latency and reliability requirements in 5G networks. To meet the requirements, efficient resource allocation should be implemented. In this paper, we consider downlink NOMA systems using finite blocklength (FBL) regime for efficient resource allocation. FBL is used to propose an efficient power allocation algorithm in the downlink NOMA systems. So the downlink NOMA system with the proposed power allocation algorithm is adopted for efficient transmission. We compare the proposed algorithm, the fixed power allocation, and OMA in the viewpoint of resource block usage and energy efficiency. The simulation results demonstrate the proposed algorithm shows better resource block usage and energy efficiency than the others.


Parathyroid hormone–related protein (PTHrP, gene name Pthlh) is a pleiotropic regulator of tissue homeostasis. In bone, Dmp1Cre‐targeted PTHrP deletion in osteocytes causes osteopenia and impaired cortical strength. We report here that this outcome depends on parental genotype. In contrast to our previous report using mice bred from heterozygous (flox/wild type) Dmp1Cre.Pthlhf/w parents, adult (16‐week‐old and 26‐week‐old) flox/flox (f/f) Dmp1Cre.Pthlhf/f mice from homozygous parents (Dmp1Cre.Pthlhf/f(hom)) have stronger bones, with 40% more trabecular bone mass and 30% greater femoral width than controls. This greater bone size was observed in Dmp1Cre.Pthlhf/f(hom) mice as early as 12 days of age, when greater bone width was also found in male and female Dmp1Cre.Pthlhf/f(hom) mice compared to controls, but not in gene‐matched mice from heterozygous parents. This suggested a maternal influence on skeletal size prior to weaning. Although Dmp1Cre has previously been reported to cause gene recombination in mammary gland, milk PTHrP protein levels were normal. The wide‐bone phenotype was also noted in utero: Dmp1Cre.Pthlhf/f(hom) embryonic femurs were more mineralized and wider than controls. Closer examination revealed that Dmp1Cre caused PTHrP recombination in placenta, and in the maternal‐derived decidual layer that resides between the placenta and the uterus. Decidua from mothers of Dmp1Cre.Pthlhf/f(hom) mice also exhibited lower PTHrP levels by immunohistochemistry and were smaller than controls. We conclude that Dmp1Cre leads to gene recombination in decidua, and that decidual PTHrP might, through an influence on decidual cells, limit embryonic bone radial growth. This suggests a maternal‐derived developmental origin of adult bone strength. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).


Acetylcholine (ACh) is critical for communication between neurons and muscle at the neuromuscular junction, is involved in direct neurotransmission in autonomic ganglia, and has been implicated in cognitive processing, arousal, and attention in the brain (1). Cholinergic transmission can occur through muscarinic (G protein-coupled) or nicotinic (ionotropic) receptors and is terminated by the action of cholinesterases. Seventeen different subunits of the nicotinic ACh receptor (nAChR) (2) and five different subtypes of the muscarinic receptor (3) have been cloned to date, and a majority of those are known to be expressed in the brain. Although the anatomic locations of cholinergic cell bodies and their projections have been known for some time (Fig. 1.1), recent studies using specific cholinotoxins, electrophysiology, or molecular genetics have altered our view of the functional role of the cholinergic system in the brain. The anatomic, pharmacologic, and biochemical complexity of the cholinergic system indicates an intricate involvement in nervous system function, and new advances in this field are discussed here.


The article examines the problems of forming the personnel support of agriculture during the transition to market relations; analyzes the time periods that characterize the transformation of the rural social and labor sphere; identifi es trends in economic, social, infrastructure and technological downturns and presents a vision of measures to accumulate potential to overcome crisis phenomena and stabilize the situation.


Starting from arbitrary Hilbert spaces, we reduce the problem to verify entanglement of any bipartite quantum state to finite-dimensional subspaces. Entanglement can be fully characterized as a finite-dimensional property, even though in general the truncation of the Hilbert space may cause fake nonclassicality. A generalization for multipartite quantum states is also given.