By pure chance, the two students had copied the same paper from the thousands of papers available on the Internet. Then, to add to the irony, the two papers ended up back-to-back in a stack of papers from three classes randomly tossed together into the wire basket on Mr. Gardiner's desk. He gives other teachers some suggestions on ways to deal with this emerging problem. IN THE MIDDLE of grading a stack of some 90 essays analyzing Shakespeare's Macbeth, I was interrupted. When I returned to grading, the words on the page seemed too familiar. I thought for sure I had made marginal comments on this paper and given it an A. Must have been the interruption, I thought. But as I read on, I knew I had marked this one already. I reached over to the face-down papers on the edge of my desk and turned over the top one. Sure enough, the writing was identical. "How could they do this?" I raged. "Do they think I'm stupid? How could they copy each other's papers when they are in the same class?" I was too angry to continue grading, so I filed the papers in my briefcase and determined to confront the two writers the next morning in class. Near the end of the class period, I asked the two suspects to stay after class. They sat on opposite sides of the room, and I watched for conspiratorial glances. But there was no clue that they had any idea what was going on. When the bell rang, they approached my desk. I placed both papers on the desk and asked, "Which one of you gets credit for writing this paper?" Silence. "Look, the papers are word-for-word. Which one of you wrote it, and which one of you copied it?" More silence. Finally one of them said, "I got pressed for time and downloaded it from the Internet. I'm really sorry." "I did the same," said the other. They hadn't worked together on this at all. It had been pure chance that they had copied the same paper from the thousands of Macbeth papers available on the Internet. Then, to add to the irony, the two papers ended up back-to-back in a stack of papers from three classes randomly tossed together in the wire basket on my desk. If their papers had been separated by 40 or 50 others in the stack and if I had graded them, say, three days apart, I might not have noticed their similarity. Perhaps it was another cruel trick played by the witches who tormented Macbeth, but the one-in-a-million chance of downloading the same paper and turning it in to the same teacher had happened. I sent the students out of the room and looked at the stack of ungraded essays on my desk. Hours of work. How many more downloaded papers would I grade? I talked with my friend Vince Long, who teaches computer education. He showed me how to use the same search engines the students used to find the papers so that I could trace them back to the source. It was easy. The next day, I confronted all three classes and told them I had become aware of www.schoolsucks.com and a number of other sites that provide instant research papers and that I knew how to find their sources. Since it was the first time I had knowingly dealt with cybercheating, I made my students an offer. "If you downloaded your paper from the Internet and you give it to me today with a note telling me what you did, I'll work with you on a solution. If, after today, I find out you downloaded your paper, you will get a zero on a required paper, which means a failure in senior English and no graduation." By the end of the day, six papers were on my desk. I found five of the original sources within six or seven minutes. And it's not just Macbeth papers that are being downloaded. In subsequent discussions, my students admitted to "knowing somebody" who had downloaded every required paper in every curriculum area for more than a year. History, science, English, geography - any areas that require written research or analysis - have sent students on Web searches with cut and paste in mind. …


Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory arthritis typically presenting in women in their fifth decade. Most individuals with RA have antibodies to citrullinated peptide antigens, such as anti‐cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (CCP). In addition to genetic factors, cigarette smoking and periodontal disease (PD) secondary to Porphyromonas gingivalis are risk factors for RA. Some children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) phenotypically resemble adults with seropositive RA, characterized by the presence of anti‐CCP antibodies. Our objective was to investigate the association between anti‐CCP antibodies and anti‐P. gingivalis antibodies, as well as the association between anti‐CCP antibodies and symptoms of PD, in children with CCP‐positive (CCP+) JIA vs. children with CCP‐negative (CCP−) JIA.


This paper presents design and experimental validation of the lane keeping system with a motor driven power steering system. The lane keeping system consists of multirate Kalman filter, state feedback controller and steering controller. The multirate Kalman filter is to estimate the vehicle states at a fast sample rate using a slow vision-based lane detection by a camera and fast motion detection by inertial sensors. The performance of proposed lane keeping system is experimentally validated with a test vehicle on a proving ground.


In order to characterize the pattern of occurrence and succession and the environmental factors,the current occurrence of Geranium carolinianum was investigated in summer crop fields in Anhui Province and compared to that recorded in historical data.Over the past 20 years,the frequency of G.carolinianum increased from 23% to 92% and its mean dominance value increased significantly from 0.024 to 0.559(P0.01) among the surveyed sites.These changes mainly occurred in the southern Anhui Province where annual precipitation increased and in the Huaibei area where population density also increased rapidly.Frequency in the land-water continuous cropping fields was significantly higher than that in the land continuous cropping field,and crop cultivation became the key factor affecting the occurrence of G.carolinianum.The mean temperature of the hottest month was the main environmental factor affecting its dominance with dominance increasingand decreasing below and above a discriminating temperature of 28.7 ℃,respectively.


The goal of the Low-Cost Autonomous Multi-Robot Network project is to create two robots that can communicate wirelessly with each other, that can avoid obstacles, and be built for less than $1000 dollars each. The robots are to use various sensors for obstacle avoidance and communication. All programs will be written in the same high level language, which has been chosen to be C, to maintain a cohesive language set across all aspects of each robot. Each robot must utilize a visual sensor, which has been selected as the CMUCam3, which is used in communicating the existence of another robot in the network. Even though the CMUCam3 was selected for this project, it was discontinued and unavailable for the build phase of the project, so the uCAM-TTL will be used instead. This camera is a serial JPEG camera module which uses a serial TTL interface for communication. The mechanical frames of the robots are built from commercially available kits. Another part of the project is to make the robot network easily expandable for use in other projects. This aspect led to developing a modularly built robot. Modularity allows for easy exchanging of core components and sensors. It also allows for easy upgrades to the robots for future use.


3-CRU平动并联机构具有3条CRU支链组,具有三个运动方向上的平动特性,对于目前多数并联机构需要较少自由度这一现状以及在生产中的实际情况,本文根据广发的调查取证,设计并验证了一种全新的3-CRU平动并联机械手,在对机构进位置和速度分析的基础上,得到新机构的第一阶影响系数矩阵,继而采用虚功法建立新型3-CRU平动并联机构运动平台的动力学模型,为精密机构平台的精度划分提供帮助。 This 3-CRU parallel mechanism has three CRU branched chain groups and this parallel mechanism has three characteristics of translational movement direction. In practical application, it does not require so much degree of freedom. Based on the investigation and collecting data, the device needs low degree of freedom. A novel 3-CRU translational parallel mechanism has been designed for adapting to this situation. In this paper, the position and speed of the mechanism are analyzed, and the Jacobi matrix of the mechanism has been obtained. According to the principle of virtual work, we established the kinetic model of 3-CRU translational parallel mechanism. It can provide the help for the researching on the accuracy of precision motion platform.


Like many Eastern European countries, Poland has seen a succession of divergent economic and political regimes over the last century, from prewar "embedded capitalism," through the state socialism of the Soviet era, to the present neoliberal moment. Its cinema has been inflected by these changing historical circumstances, both mirroring and resisting them. This volume is the first to analyze the entirety of the nation's film history—from the reemergence of an independent Poland in 1918 to the present day—through the lenses of political economy and social class, showing how Polish cinema documented ordinary life while bearing the hallmarks of specific ideologies.


The polynomials Fn(x), which are orthonormal in the interval [0, -f oo) with respect to the weight function P(x) = (a+x)(x — b)P e~ , where a > 0 , a £ ]R, b > 0 , / 3 > | , are investigated. There are derived relations for (n) coefficients of these polynomials, relations for the sums of k th powers sk of zeros of these polynomials, the relation giving a connection between the polynomials of different degrees and differential equations for the polynomials Pn(x).


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve a higher harmonic distortion characteristics of an antenna switch. SOLUTION: An antenna is connected to an antenna terminal 2 of an antenna switch, a first transfer switch 100 is connected between a first signal terminal 3 and the antenna terminal 2, and a second transfer switch 101 is connected between a second signal terminal 4 and the antenna terminal 2. A first shunt switch 102 is connected between the first signal terminal 3 and a ground potential, and a second shunt switch 103 is connected between the second signal terminal 4 and the ground potential. An input 10 of a negative voltage generating circuit 104 can respond to a transmission signal supplied to the first signal terminal 3, and the second transfer switch 101 and the first shunt switch 102 are controlled into OFF state in response to a negative voltage generated at an output terminal 11. COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT


It is beyond discussion that alcohol and drugs are a serious risk for drivers. In South America, where the fatality road rate is 22.1 per 100 thousand inhabitants, official reports indicate that 1 in 4 deaths prove to have at least one of the drivers involved under the influence of alcohol. Despite these dramatic data, criminal codes have a similar treatment for the problem: as traffic crimes are not a specific category, all these events are considered manslaughter, and the punishment rarely includes imprisonment. Impunity is the rule. At the same time, enforcement of drink driving is poor, uneven and inconsistent, and depends on the political will and commitment of local authorities. However, there are three examples of good practices that allow us to think that a change is possible: the experiences of Brazil, Chile and the city of Buenos Aires. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that strong and consistent alcohol and drugs enforcement leads to the reduction of road deaths, from the analysis of the experience of the cities of Buenos Aires (Argentina), and the first results of the lzero tolerancer programmes in Brazil and Chile.


This study conducted a simulation of a four-echelon linear supply chain measuring the bullwhip effect and inventory-related markers of each echelon within the system. The research model is examined using both fixed demand with a sudden change in its pattern and 20 various stochastic demands. Simple exponential, Holt's exponential smoothing, and Brown's double exponential smoothing methods are employed to predict the demand, and the smoothing replenishment ordering system is utilized in placing orders. Results revealed that the supply chain performs the best when using the simple exponential method. Simple exponential method's superiority is notable in all the markers observed.


This paper is based on the outcome of the activity that has taken place during the recent workshop on "SuperB in Italy" held in Frascati on November 11-12, 2005. The workshop was opened by a theoretical introduction of Marco Ciuchini and was structured in two working groups. One focused on the machine and the other on the detector and experimental issues. The present status on CP is mainly based on the results achieved by BaBar and Belle. Estabilishment of the indirect CP violation in B sector in 2001 and of the direct CP violation in 2004 thanks to the success of PEP-II and KEKB e+e- asymmetric B Factories operating at the center of mass energy corresponding to the mass of the Y(4s). With the two B Factories taking data, the Unitarity Triangle is now beginning to be overconstrained by improving the measurements of the sides and now also of the angles alpha, and gamma. We are also in presence of the very intriguing results about the measurements of sin(2 beta) in the time dependent analysis of decay channels via penguin loops, where b --> s sbar s and b --> s dbar d. Tau physics, in particular LFV search, as well as charm and ISR physics are important parts of the scientific program of a SuperB Factory. The physics case together with possible scenarios for the high luminosity SuperB Factory based on the concepts of the Linear Collider and the related experimental issues are discussed.


This paper highlights the importance of majority-culture professionals learning to work in contexts where control over educational research, development and training for indigenous people remains under the control of indigenous people, and is located within culturally preferred practices and settings.

We describe work undertaken by our bicultural research whanau at the New Zealand Specialist Education Services Poutama Pounamu Education Research Centre, in Tauranga. We discuss processes and outcomes of research which has been undertaken within a research whanau (metaphoric extended family). Our whanau includes Maori elders, Maori members of the New Zealand Specialist Education Services, Maori teachers, as well as Maori students and a non-Maori academic.

To date, our research has focussed on developing and trialing learning and behavioural resources for Maori students, and their teachers and families. We present information from five projects; (1) parent- or peer-delivered Maori and English reading tutoring strategies (Tatari Tautoko Tauawhi); (2) a collaborative parent and teacher programme designed to assist Maori students experiencing behavioural difficulties in school, home and community settings (Hei Awhina Matua); (3) a programme for improving students' learning to write in Maori (Kia Puawai ai Te Reo); (4) a study of the training needs of itinerant Resource Teachers of Guidance and Learning, so they can assist Maori students experiencing behavioural and learning difficulties in mainstream schools; and (5) Mauri Tau, a programme for young Maori who are parents or are becoming parents.

Each of the five projects has generated practical and effective resources for sharing with Maori students, teachers and communities. We now seek to establish networks to enable us to deliver our research findings and materials around New Zealand. We conclude this paper by focussing attention onto some of the important cultural principles which have guided our work, and will continue to do so.


We consider a well-studied online random graph model for kidney exchange, where nodes representing patient-donor pairs arrive over time, and the probability of a directed edge is p. We assume existence of a single altruistic donor, who serves as a start node in this graph for a directed path of donations. The algorithmic problem is to select which donations to perform, and when, to minimize the amount of time that patients must wait before receiving a kidney.
We advance our understanding of this setting by (1) providing efficient (in fact, linear-time) algorithms with optimal O(1/p) expected waiting time, (2) showing that some of these algorithms in fact provide guarantees to all patients of O(1/p) waiting time {\em with high probability}, (3) simplifying previous analysis of this problem, and (4) extending results to the case of multiple altruistic donors.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide TiO 2 -SiO 2 glass whose coefficient of linear thermal expansion in the range of the time of irradiation with EUV energy rays is substantially zero when used as an optical member of an exposure tool for EUVL and which has extremely high surface smoothness. SOLUTION: The TiO 2 -containing silica glass has a TiO 2 content of from 7.5 to 12 mass%, a temperature at which a coefficient of linear thermal expansion is 0 ppb/°C falling within the range of from 40 to 110°C, and a standard deviation (σ) of a stress level of striae of 0.03 MPa or lower. COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT


The newly developed open superconducting magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system, which combines the advantages of the high magnetic fields of superconducting MRI systems and open characteristics of permanent MRI systems, has great potential in clinical and research applications. However, few pulse sequences are applicable to this system. In addition, further testing on this system is needed. Therefore, in this paper, an inversion recovery gradient echo (IR-GE) pulse sequence was developed based on the features of the 0.7 Tesla open superconducting MRI system. An MR Solutions spectrometer was used to control the IR-GE pulse sequence. The developed IR-GE pulse sequence was applied to a pure water phantom using different inversion recovery times (TI). The results of the theoretical analysis and experiments indicate that the developed IR-GE pulse sequence could be effectively applied to the 0.7 Tesla open superconducting MRI system.


Li Yiqing describes the terrible situations which the peasants live in and their living difficulties, in his novel the peasant in which he expresses his great concern of humanitarianism. This author creates a deeply touching world where the peasants are dreaming of living a very happy life in an unique and ingenious way of narrative writing. The incisive criticism beared in this writing makes us ponder. In short, it is a novel which shows the author's reflection on fate of the peasants in China.


The authors offer their personal experience with long term results on 71 patients (72 allografts) operated between 1961 and 1990. 23 were large osteoarticular grafts, 28 intercalary grafts and 20 fibular grafts. We used one composite hip endoprosthesis in 1988 after 16cm proximal femur resection due to Ewing sarcoma in a 10 year old girl. From the 23 osteoarticular grafts 14 (60%) are long term survivals including one after fracture salvage. Six had to be removed due to infection. From the 28 intercalary grafts 16 (57%) are surviving over 15 years. Infection occurred in 6 patients with chemotherapy. Two of them had intra-arterial CDDP and one additional radiation. All of the proximal humerus allograft had complete resorption of the proximal head within 3 years. The diaphyseal reconstructions with additional cancellous autografts incorporated within 3 years. The patient with the composite stem had two cup revisions, but the stem is doing well and we observed only a mild osteolysis at the proximal part of the graft between the 2nd and 5th year that remains stable. Fractures of the graft can be salvaged in most cases. Infection leads to the removal of the graft in almost all cases. Factors influencing the survival, remodeling and complications of the grafts are discussed. The regime of cryopreservation, fixation and loading of the graft influence these factors together with the use of autologous bone chips around the allograft-host junction as well as the application of chemotherapy or radiation. Fracture of the graft can be salvaged in most cases in contrary to infection that remains the most severe complication that can occur at any time period. Even with the improvement of tumor endoprostheses the use of allografts remains an optional solution especially in young patients.


The article is devoted to the problem of author's situations and composition-chronotope structure of the epic novel "Quiet flows the Don" of M. Sholokov. In the article we consider composition and composition-chronotope structure of the novel. We establish a certain connection between composition-chronotope structure and the choice and location of author's situations in particular order in time and space. We give typology of author's situations in the novel, according to their completeness and incompleteness, criterions of problem-thematic content, subjective-verbal expression. We also define dominant situations of the novel: leaving and homecoming, death, fight and murder, meeting by the river, awakening / sleeping and others. We assume interrelationship of situations and their importance not only for the author, but for the whole work as fiction-poetic reality.


Based on Technology acceptance model (TAM) and Task-Technology Fit model (TTF) which is adopted widely in the research on information system. This paper proposes a new theoretical model evaluating the utilization efficiency of network information resources, and establishes concrete Measurement Index System. Through discussing the relationships and characteristics among user、technology and task which is three of theoretical model, the paper try to find the main factors affecting the utilization efficiency of network information resources and devotes to providing some suggestions to the on improving the utilization efficiency of network information resources.


Congregation of the human activities, changes of the environment and weakening of the ecological capacity, prompts the emergence of new development concept. In order to adapt the development need, Ecological livable cities becoming a new pattern in the 21st century. This article puts forward with the significance of the construction of ecological livable city, analyses the achievement and problem of the construction of ecological livable cities in Nanning, and some methods and countermeasures are also proposed. Obviously, the ecological livable city is regarded as a key and direction for the development of Nanning in the future.


Biomedical research needs to leverage and exploit large amount of information reported in scientific publication. Literature data collected from publications has to be managed to extract information, transforms into an understandable structure using text mining approaches. Text mining refers to the process of deriving high-quality information from text by finding relationships between entities which do not show direct associations. Therefore, as an example of this approach, we present the link between two diseases i.e. breast cancer and obesity.Obesity is known to be associated with cancer mortality, but little is known about the link between lifetime changes in BMI of obese person and cancer mortality in both males and females. In this article, literature data for obesity and breast cancer was obtained using PubMed database and then methodologies which employs groups of common genes and keywords with their frequency of occurrence in the data were used, aimed to establish relation between obesity and breast cancer visualized using Pi-charts and bar graphs. From the data analysis, we obtained 1 gene which showed the link between both the diseases and validated using statistical analysis and disease-connect web server. We also proposed 8 common higher frequency keywords which could be used for indexing while searching the literature for obesity and breast cancer in combination.


Accurate definition of the presence and extent of large nerve perineural spread (PNS) is a vital component in planning appropriate surgery and radiotherapy for head and neck cancers. Our research aimed to define the sensitivity and specificity of 3T MRI in detecting the presence and extent of large nerve PNS, compared with histologic evaluation.


The purpose of the article is to show the effectiveness of the formation of coordination abilities in children with hearing impairments using a force platform. This article discusses the problem of the formation of coordination abilities in physical education classes using exercises developed for a force platform with biofeedback. The theoretical prerequisites for the use of the force platform as a means of forming coordination (balance) of children with hearing impairments are described. As part of this study, a pedagogical experiment was conducted aimed at comparing and identifying the effectiveness of exercises with the force platform. The results of the experiment prove that the combination of general physical education exercises and exercises with the force platform contribute to the most effective formation of coordination in children with hearing impairments. The authors conclude that it is possible to implement these exercises in a physical education program in special correctional schools.


It is shown that the basic action of the differential-input earthed-output type of operational amplifier may be given a flowgraph representation with a type of graph that is more general than those of Coates and Mason. Examples of embedded amplifiers are given to show the use of these graphs for the analysis of particular amplifier circuits.


All processes display variability. Although outputs may appear identical, if they are measured and quantified, differences will be detected. These differences when plotted in relationship to time will produce discernible patterns. The patterns produced tell a story and are a powerful tool for assessing process stability. These observations can be related to sales, shipments, product defects, customer complaints, inventory turnover, accounts receivable turnover, or any variable that can be tracked on a regular basis. The reason for doing this is to understand the spread in variability and process stability or instability. The goal, of course, is to uncover problems and reduce costs.


AIM: To find a method to get single cardiomyocyte from mouse embryonic stem cells(mES cells) differentiated in vitro and neonatal rat ventricular tissues.METHODS: Neonatal rat ventricular tissues and differentiated mouse embryonic stem cells were digested by trypsin and dispase.After discontinuous Percoll gradient centrifugation,the enriched cardiomyocytes were planted at a low concentration.Cardiomyocytes were observed and identified by light microscope and immunohistochemistry and confocal laser scanning microscopy(CLSM).RESULTS: After discontinuous Percoll gradient centrifugation,the enriched cardiomyocytes were arranged in loose and interlacing networks of single cells.The single cardiomyocyte beat spontaneously under light microscope.and exhibited strands of elongated and well developed myofibrils.CONCLUSION: This method could get single cardiomyocyte with good morphology and vitality from defferentaited mES cells and neonatal rat ventricular tissues.


This book which is prepared in the format of a Critical Review, contains 23 chapters of which 14 deal with one or a related group of toxic compounds. These include asbestos, benzene, carbon monoxide, diesel exhaust, dioxin, by-products of water disinfection, environmental tobacco smoke (involuntary exposure), formaldehyde, lead, NO,,, ozone, SO,, and trace elements. Three chapters deal with radiation, including radon, and the rest


The invention relates to an electrochemical combined coking wastewater deep treatment process and equipment thereof. The process comprises the following steps that wastewater is led into a coagulating settling pond, so that COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) and suspended matters in the wastewater are reduced; the wastewater is led into a multi-media filter to be further filtered and then is led into a three-dimensional electrode reactor of a fluidized bed to carry out electrocatalytic oxidation; then the wastewater is led into an MBR (Membrane Biological Reactor), and the wastewater from the MBR can be directly used as low-level water; and also, the wastewater from the MBR can continue to depth treatment, the wastewater enters a cartridge filter so that the suspended matters and active sludge in the wastewater are removed, finally the wastewater enters an electric adsorption device to desalt, the produced water after treatment can be used as high-level water. The equipment is mainly composed of the coagulating settling pond, the multi-media filter, the three-dimensional electrode reactor of the fluidized bed, the MBR, the cartridge filter and the electric adsorption device. The process and the equipment have a reasonable design, the problems in the coking wastewater deep treatment and recycling are solved, and the process and the equipment have a stronger engineering application value. The produced water can meet the requirements of different levels of water.


A Future in Ruins is the story of UNESCO's efforts to save the world's heritage and, in doing so, forge an international community dedicated to peaceful co-existence and conservation. It traces how archaeology and internationalism were united in Western initiatives after the political upheavals of the First and Second World Wars.


Water level, temperature, salinity, electric conductivity, and pH have been measured periodically for several years at three water wells located along a 17-km segment of the San Andreas fault between San Jaun Bautista and Cienega Winery in central California. Water samples were collected at the same time for subsequent chemical analyses in the laboratory. Some sudden large changes in salinity and conductivity were recorded in early March 1980 at the two wells near San Juan Bautista. These changes coincided approximately with the beginning of an episode of increased local seismicity, including a magnitude 4.8 earthquake on April 13. Analyses of water samples revealed corresponding changes in ion concentrations, especially of Na/sup +/, Ca/sup + +/, Mg/sup + +/, SO/sup -//sub 4//sup -/, HCO/sup -//sub 3/, F/sup -/, and Cl/sup -/. The observed changes may be the result of mixing of waters from different aquifers through cracks developed in the water barriers by a possible crustal strain episode that may have occurred in the study area.


Quinoline 7,8-diol derivatives can be expected to form metal complexes, and are the moiety of marine alkaloid,which exhibits strong cytotoxic activity against several human tumor. Our synthesis of 6 commences from L-dopa (1)(Scheme 1). Esterification of 2 with methanol and treatment of the resulting ester 3 with trichloroethoxycarbonyl (Troc)chloride yielded the N-protected amino acid ester 4. Treatment of 4 with acrolein in 1.3 mol/L methanolic HCl for 4 d at room temperature yielded the quinoline derivative 5, which was dissolved in 25% aq. HBr and the resulting solution was heated at reflux for 6 h to afford compound 6.……


This research aims to review the legal protection for freelancers in Indonesia, stipulated in Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation. In-Law no. 13 of 2003 concerning Freelance Employment in Indonesia is claimed not to have a clear legal umbrella. The problems examined in this research include the form of freelance legal relations in Indonesia? And the legal protection for freelancers in Indonesia in Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation? This research uses normative methods with a statute, case, and historical approach. The results showed that freelance legal relationships in Indonesia were divided into two categories: freelancers who entered into work agreements through platforms that acted as intermediaries and freelancers who entered into work agreements directly without intermediaries. Previously, there were only additional regulations in the form of Kepmenakertrans No. 100 of 2004 concerning the Provisions for the Implementation of a Work Agreement for a Specific Time, and no specific regulation has been found in Law no. 13 of 2013 concerning Manpower. After the enactment of Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation and also Government Regulation No. 35 of 2021 concerning Specific Time Work Agreements, Transfer, Working Time and Rest Time, and Termination of Employment, the legal status of freelance workers in Indonesia has a clear legal umbrella, which is classified as a specific time work agreement (PKWT). This finding also answers the concerns of previous researchers who stated that there is no legal protection for freelancers in Indonesia.


The quick-curing cement particleboards have been prepared with the planer shavings and ordinary Portland cement using the method of hot pressing.The effects of cement-wood ratio,assembly time,and intensity on the elastic mould amount of quick-curing cement particle board were studied.The elastic mould amount of quick-curing cement particleboard was predicted through a wavelet neural network.It discusses the structure and learning algorithms of the wavelet neural networks in detail.Comparing the predict results with practical test ones,it shows that the elastic mould amount can be predicted accurately using wavelet neural network model.


The radiation of an emitter does not depend only on its intrinsic properties but also on the surrounding photonic environment, the notion of which is essential in the developments of lasers, quantum optics and other light-matter interaction related fields. However, in conventional wisdom, an emitter radiates into photonic eigenstates in the weak coupling regime and does not alter the property of the latter. Here, we report a counterintuitive phenomenon where the radiation field of a dipole in a parity-time symmetric ring resonator displays the opposite handedness to the eigenstates of the system. This chiral-reversing radiation takes place at an exception point of the underlying non-Hermitian system, where the singularity at the exceptional point forces a phase locking of the coalesced eigenstates when interacting with the dipole emitter. Such an intriguing phenomenon has been employed to construct vortex radiation with controllable topological charge from a single quantum dot embedded plasminic nanocavity with Purcell enhancement factor up to 1000. Our scheme enriches the interesting physics of an exception point in the quantum region and may open a new paradigm for chiral quantum optics and vortex lasers at nanoscale.


In order to study the effect of the compound Chinese herbal medicine including Shudi etc.on the immune function of erythrocyte in chickens infected by nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus,the chickens were randomly divided into 5 groups(blank control group,infected control group,low dose compound Chinese herbal medicine group,medium dose compound Chinese herbal medicine group,high dose compound Chinese herbal medicine group).At the 3rd,6th,9th,14th and 19th days after administration,the chickens'rosette formation rates of RBC-CR1 and RBC-IC were detected.The results showed that the compound Chinese herbal medicine can increase the chickens'rosette formation rates of RBC-CR1 and RBC-IC,reconvert them to natural level,and present dosage effect.The experiment indicated that the compound Chinese herbal medicine can improve the immune function of erythrocyte in chickens infected by nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus.


Abstract Milk and beef derived from pasture-based systems have been characterized by higher nutritional values and a lower environmental footprint than their equivalents obtained via indoor systems. However, intensification of pasture-based production can have adverse impacts on biodiversity and the environment. To date, studies on pro-environmental diversification options leading to improvement of environmental performance of pasture-based dairy and beef production have rarely been synthesized. The present study sought to review current on-farm pro-environmental measures with the potential for enhancing biodiversity status and/or reducing the environmental impacts of pasture-based agriculture. Literature on farmer attitudes toward these measures was also reviewed to identify potential obstacles and opportunities for transitioning to pro-environmental agriculture. A systematic search of published research from high-income island countries characterized by oceanic temperate climate with a high dependence on pasture-based agriculture—the Republic of Ireland, the United Kingdom and New Zealand, was conducted. Thirty studies that assessed the impact of pro-environmental measures, eight 'attitudinal' studies of dairy and beef farmers and one study covering both aspects were identified. Inductive thematical analysis was subsequently undertaken. Environmentally sensitive management practices such as hedgerows and field margins management, mixed grazing (where two or more herbivorous animals graze the same land), rare livestock breeds, multispecies swards, organic farming and agroforestry were identified as primary themes studied under the auspices of pro-environmental diversification, while forestry, bioenergy crops and organic farming were the main themes identified within attitudinal research studies. Findings suggest that environmentally sensitive practices have varied effects on biodiversity. Mixed grazing was found to improve livestock production, while studies of organic farming reported multiple positive impacts on biodiversity and animal welfare. Effect of multispecies swards on methane emissions and urinary nitrogen extraction were found to be inconsistent. Attitudinal research suggests that the main barrier to implementing afforestation is its lack of attractiveness compared to 'traditional' farming and that organic farmer decisions regarding agricultural management practices might be less profit-oriented and influenced by ecological beliefs to a greater extent than decisions of conventional farmers. The results of this study confirm that pro-environmental diversification inherently encompasses multiple scientific disciplines; however, previous study designs and outcomes were found to be fragmented and narrowly focused. Considering the urgency and importance of climate and biodiversity crises, pro-environmental diversification of pasture-based dairy and beef production has rarely been holistically approached and remains understudied. The development of practical, sustainable solutions for farming based on circular economy and respect to nature and additional strategies to increase farmer and consumer environmental awareness should be prioritized by policymakers, advisory and scientific bodies.


The intelligent combat behavior modelling has always been a hot topic in the field of artificial intelligence and military. Aiming at the requirement of development of intelligent equipment in complex battlefield, this paper proposes an adaptive learning and evolution framework of intelligent combat behavior modeling based on EXIT framework reasoning, and provides theoretical, technical and methodological support for more efficient implementation of the evaluation and application verification of intelligent action plan.


A northern feature, that is most likely related to a counterjet, was found on parsec scales in 3C 84 (which is in NGC 1275) in "First Science" observations on the VLBA1 at 8.4 GHz (Walker et al., 1994) and in Global VLBI observations at 22 GHz (Vermeulen et al., 1994). The jet/counterjet length ratio, brightness ratio at 22 GHz, and speeds, as measured over many years with VLBI, fit a simple beaming model with symmetric jets oriented at 30–50 degrees to the line-of-sight and traveling at a speed of 0.3–0.5 times the speed of light. These ranges allow for Hubble constants of between 50 and 100 km s−1 Mpc−1. The brightness of the counterjet at 8.4 GHz was very much lower than expected with this model, assuming that the spectral indices in the near and far side jets are similar. This was interpreted as the result of free-free absorption in an ionized medium that lies in front of the counterjet but not in front of the near-side jet. An accretion disk or torus has an appropriate geometry to show this effect (for an analysis, see Levinson et al., 1995).


At the wireless device, the method and apparatus are described receives power through a wired or induction pad. By power received is monitored, through the OTA (over-the-air) air interface, to back up data from the device to the server in the network. Data is sent to the server in order to back up the data on the device. Data while backing up, power is whether removed from the device is determined. In response to a determination that the power has been removed, it can be automatically without user request to end the backup of data in the device.


Increasing the value of along-isopycnal diffusivity in a coupled model is shown to lead to enhanced stability of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) formation with respect to freshwater (FW) perturbations. This is because the North Atlantic (NA) surface salinity budget is dominated by upward salt fluxes resulting from winter convection for low values of along-isopycnal diffusivity, whereas along-isopycnal diffusion exerts a strong control on NA surface salinity at higher diffusivity values. Shutdown of wintertime convection in response to a FW pulse allows the development of a halocline responsible for the suppression of deep sinking. In contrast to convection, isopycnal salt diffusion proves a more robust mechanism for preventing the formation of a halocline, as surface freshening leads only to a flattening of isopycnals, leaving at least some diffusive removal of anomalous surface FW in place. As a result, multiple equilibria are altogether absent for sufficiently high values of isopycnal diffusivity. Furthermore, the surface salinity budget of the North Pacific is also dominated by along-isopycnal diffusion when diffusivity values are sufficiently high, leading to a breakdown of the permanent halocline there and the associated onset of deep-water formation.


This study aims to determine the effect of the ratio of palm sugar and granulated sugar on the physicochemical value of cinnamon syrup. This study was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design using 5 treatments and 3 replications with variations in the concentration of granulated sugar and palm sugar. The results of the analysis showed that the ratio of the concentration of palm sugar and granulated sugar to the resulting cinnamon syrup gave a significantly different effect. The results of the measurement of sugar content in accordance with SNI were found in treatments A and E, namely 42.71% and 45.89%. The measurement of total dissolved solids, pH and the best viscosity was found in treatment B, namely 7,63 o Brix, 3,6 and 5,26 cp.


The impact of weather and climate on railway operations may be responsible for up to 20% of unplanned delays. In the UK very little research has been undertaken to assess these impacts and suggest mitigating strategies. This paper examines the range of weather and climate impacts, identifying sensitivities and thresholds and current weather forecasting techniques. It is proposed that lessons can be learned from the extensive developments in road weather forecasting pioneered in the UK. Initial results covering the measurement & prediction of overhead line icing, and the activation of wind gust alarms are presented.


Unlike the study of the fixed point property (FPP, for brevity) of retractable topological spaces, the research of the FPP of non-retractable topological spaces remains. The present paper deals with the issue. Based on order-theoretic foundations and fixed point theory for Khalimsky (K-, for short) topological spaces, the present paper studies the product property of the FPP for K-topological spaces. Furthermore, the paper investigates the FPP of various types of connected K-topological spaces such as non-K-retractable spaces and some points deleted K-topological (finite) planes, and so on. To be specific, after proving that not every one point deleted subspace of a finite K-topological plane X is a K-retract of X, we study the FPP of a non-retractable topological space Y, such as one point deleted space Y ∖ { p } .


Two mango vinegar fermentations have been carried out in a 20L pilot plant scale bioreactor and a 300L acetator. Both vinegar fermentations were started from fresh mango juice to witch was added the acetic acid bacteria Acetobacter senegalensis. This bacterium was isolated from mango fruits, Mangifera indica L., and was proved to have thermotolerance and acidotolerance properties. Based on this fact the acetic acid bacterium was used as a starter in the vinegar fermentation process. The aim of this research is compare the fermentation processes realized with the two equips, concerning the cells growth, the ethanol, sugars and organic acids evolution and also the volatile compounds. The volatile compounds have been identified by two gas chromatographic techniques, HS/GC-MS and HS/SPME-GC-MS, at different times during the two fermentation processes. The obtained results had shown a better mango vinegar fermentation process, regarding the bacteria growth, when the pilot plant scale bioreactor was used for the fermentation process rather than the acetator. Regarding the volatile compounds identified, a higher number was found by using the HS/SPME-GC-MS technique while the HS/GC-MS technique shown some variations of the volatile compounds identified during the fermentation processes.


Applying these principles to the more modern names it is clear that we should restore the original Persian pronunciation if we transliterated them Seboe, Mushkoe, Khaloe, Naftoe, Durustoe, etc. It would be wrong to write them as if they were present-day Irani names, Slbuyah, Mushkuyah, etc., because this pronunciation of the majhiil vowels did not come in until centuries after the Muslim conquest. We now see at once why the Arabic writers used the termination -awaihi to render the Persian -de. These two vowels do not, strictly speaking, exist in classical Arabic, and they are therefore called majhul, " unknown," as distinguished from u and *, ma'ruf, "known." The nearest Arabic sound to o is the diphthong au or aw, and the nearest Arabic sound to e is the diphthong ai or ay. Therefore the Arabs were quite correct in the transliteration they adopted, according to the principles of their own language. In all probability the accent in these hypocoristic names fell upon the last syllable; and it was in order to mark this that the Arabs expressed it by aihi (with short kasrah at the end, which would not be heard in pause). In modern Arabic au is frequently pronounced o, and ai e; and Sibawaihi, thus rendered, is by no means a bad equivalent of Seboe. C. J. LYALL.


fundamental hypothesis: Technology evolves in response to the failings of existing technology. In? deed, the bulging files of correspondence and patents that I have accumulated in the intervening years provide even more forceful evidence that in? ventors do proceed mainly by criticizing a prior art, which they have invariably found to fail to achieve its full functional promise. What the files also reveal, however, are some fundamental dif? ferences between scientists and engineers. One of the earliest letters received in response to the paper-clip column was from David B. Lellinger, who is the curator of ferns at the U.S. National Herbarium of the National Museum of Natural History of the Smithsonian Institution. His letter reported that the first and second cura? tors were William R. Maxon and Conrad V. Mor?


Subcultures that reductively dechlorinate cis-dichloroethene (cis-DCE) or vinyl chloride (VC) were derived from three independent enrichments that completely dechlorinated tetrachloroethene (PCE) to ethene in order to study the reductive dechlorination of the lesser chlorinated ethenes. These subcultures completely dechlorinated cis-DCE and VC and could be transferred indefinitely in basal salts minimal medium with H2 as the electron donor. After 10 transfers (1% V/V) the cis-DCE and VC-dechlorinating subcultures from two of the PCE enrichments failed to dechlorinate PCE, but the subcultures from the third PCE enrichment maintained the ability to dechlorinate PCE. Analysis of the 16S rRNA genes from these enrichments by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) demonstrated shifts in the community composition of the subcultures that had lost the PCE-dechlorinating activity but not in the subcultures that maintained the PCE-dechlorinating ...


Background and Objectives: The availability of alcohol measured as alcohol outlet density is associated with numerous alcohol‐related outcomes in small area analysis. A number of studies suggest that high‐risk sexual behavior should also be considered an alcohol‐related outcome. Goal of this Study: To assess the geographic relationship between alcohol availability and high‐risk sexual behavior at the neighborhood level. Study Design: Ecological analysis of the geographic relation between off‐premise, on‐premise, and total alcohol outlet density and reported gonorrhea rates among 155 urban residential census tracts in New Orleans during 1995. Results: All alcohol outlet density variables were positively related to gonorrhea rates. Off‐premise outlets per square mile was most strongly related to gonorrhea rates (β ± SE) (β = 0.582 ± 0.073), accounting for 29% of the variance in gonorrhea rates. Interpreted as an elasticity, a 10% increase in off‐sale alcohol outlet density accounts for a 5.8% increase in gonorrhea rates. Including the covariates percent black and percent unemployed to the model reduced but did not remove the effect of off‐sale outlet density (β = 0.192 ± 0.047). Conclusions: These results indicate there is a geographic relationship between alcohol outlet density and gonorrhea rates at the census tract level. Although these results cannot be interpreted causally, they do justify a public health intervention as a next step in defining the relation between alcohol availability and high‐risk sexual behavior.


Simple Summary Certain viruses, specifically, human papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), have been linked with the development of head and neck cancer. In this study, we review the mechanisms by which (these) viruses lead to cellular transformation and a chronic inflammatory state. Given that the head and neck host a rich microbiome (which itself is intrinsically linked to inflammation), we scrutinize the literature to highlight the interplay between viruses, cellular transformation, inflammation, and the local host microbiome in head and neck cancer. Abstract While the two primary risk factors for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are alcohol and tobacco, viruses account for an important and significant upward trend in HNSCC incidence. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the causative agent for a subset of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC)—a cancer that is impacting a rapidly growing group of typically middle-aged non-smoking white males. While HPV is a ubiquitously present (with about 1% of the population having high-risk oral HPV infection at any one time), less than 1% of those infected with high-risk strains develop OPSCC—suggesting that additional cofactors or coinfections may be required. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a similarly ubiquitous virus that is strongly linked to nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Both of these viruses cause cellular transformation and chronic inflammation. While dysbiosis of the human microbiome has been associated with similar chronic inflammation and the pathogenesis of mucosal diseases (including OPSCC and NPC), a significant knowledge gap remains in understanding the role of bacterial-viral interactions in the initiation, development, and progression of head and neck cancers. In this review, we utilize the known associations of HPV with OPSCC and EBV with NPC to investigate these interactions. We thoroughly review the literature and highlight how perturbations of the pharyngeal microbiome may impact host-microbiome-tumor-viral interactions—leading to tumor growth.


The present invention relates to a transparent electronic device. A display method and system for display of an image on a transparent electronic device. The display may include one or more display screens, and an internal circuit connected to the flexible circuit and electronic display devices. Further, the display may allow the visible image is superimposed on the real world object, and the presence of the visible window on the display screen of another opaque. Further, the display may include both active and passive display image to be displayed according to the use.


The author is grateful to Professor Rouleau for his Discussion; the author wishes to acknowledge that his contributions to both the areas of oil-impregnated and gas-lubricated porous bearings originated from the foundations laid by Professor Rouleau. The discusser makes two remarks: the author agrees with the first one that the Beavers-Joseph model has not been verified (experimentally) for the multidimensional, variable pressure gradient flow occurring in porous journal bearings. We are well aware that whenever a new model is proposed, the model is applied to other geometric configurations and so long as the theoretical predictions (based on the application of the model to the new configuration) do not differ from the performance obtained experimentally, we are prone to accept the model rather than reject the same. For example, Newton's law of shear viscosity could be thoroughly tested only through viscometric flows. However, there is no hesitation in applying it to different geometries though experimental verification is not possible in every case. As such, while experimental verification is most desirable, the absence of the same should not preclude the application of a new model to other geometric configurations.


Atrial metabolic disturbance contributes to the onset and development of atrial fibrillation (AF). Autophagy plays a role in maintaining the cellular energy balance. We examined whether the altered atrial expression of genes related to fatty acid metabolism is linked to that related to autophagy in chronic AF. Right atrial tissue was obtained during heart surgery from 51 patients with sinus rhythm (SR, n=38) or chronic AF (n=13). Preoperative fasting serum free-fatty-acid levels were significantly higher in the AF patients. The atrial gene expression of fatty acid binding protein 3 (FABP3), which is involved in the cells' fatty acid uptake and intracellular fatty acid transport, was significantly increased in AF patients compared to SR patients; in the SR patients it was positively correlated with the right atrial diameter and intra-atrial EMD, parameters of structural and electrical atrial remodeling that was evaluated by an echocardiography. In contrast, the two groups' atrial contents of diacylglycerol (DAG), a toxic fatty acid metabolite, were comparable. Importantly, the atrial gene expression of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) was significantly increased in the AF patients, and autophagy-related genes including LC3 were positively correlated with the atrial expression of FABP3. In conclusion, in chronic AF patients, the atrial expression of FABP3 was upregulated in association with autophagy-related genes without altered atrial DAG content. Our findings may support the hypothesis that dysregulated cardiac fatty acid metabolism contributes to the progression of AF and induction of autophagy has a cardioprotective effect against cardiac lipotoxicity in chronic AF.


Abstract In many applications, it is at the final machining precision holes, very advantageous to use a reamer whose cutting portion is made of a cermet, but also other performance materials (PCD, CBN). In these modern tools can be compared with the instruments of conventional cemented carbides apply significantly higher cutting speeds at longer blade life cutting edges. Specific problems and significant demands on the tech-nical design and implementation of these instruments arise from their use for reaming holes with small diameters. Especially in cases where it is required to have high productivity, a high cutting speed and feed. Especially for small diameter tools it is extre-mely difficult to supply the necessary amount of process fluid to the cutting point in real time. A sufficient quantity of liquid will not only provide cooling but also chip. The requirement is to achieve high operational reliability as well as reduced costs using intensive cutting conditions. This situation helps to solve the present structural design of composite reaming tools. Specifically, the optimization of the reamer for reaming holes ø 4,2 H8 with a depth of 8 mm in body components for the automotive industry .


This study analyzes the model of stunting toddler height gain and its influencing factors with Bayesian Tobit Quantile Regression (BTQR). The data used in this study are secondary data in the form of height data for stunting toddlers in Solok Regency, West Sumatra in calculations conducted in August 2021 and February 2022 obtained from the Solok Regency Health Office, West Sumatra. After analyzing the height gain data with the BTQR method, it was found that the model at quantile 0.50 was the best model because it produced smaller MAE and RMSE values than other quantiles in estimating parameters with the BTQR method and it was found that the exclusive breastfeeding variable  and the Immunization variable  had a significant effect on the height gain of stunting toddlers


The Anglo-Indian diaspora is a result of the accelerated migration of Anglo-Indians from India to (mainly) Commonwealth countries after India gained independence from Britain in 1947. This article examines the World Anglo-Indian reunions that are now held every 3 years in one or another of the diaspora cities in which they have made their homes. It interrogates what it is about these week-long events that bring thousands of Anglo-Indians to them, concluding that the answer hinges on the ability for attendees to feel Anglo-Indian at a sensory, experiential level, for the duration of each reunion. It further claims that reunions can be productively understood as pilgrimages in that they renew the attendees sense of belonging to a community, in ways that can be understood in terms of Turner's notion of 'communitas'.


List of Abbreviations. 1.Introduction. 1.0. Introduction. 1.1. Purpose of the study. 1.2. Scope of the study. 1.3.Working definitions. 1.4. Method of law comparison. 1.5.Country choice. 2. The Entrepreneurship Concept in the Income Tax Act. 2.0. Introduction. 2.1. History and main features of the income tax. 2.2. Qualification as an entrepreneur. 2.3. The professions. 2.4. Taxation of business profits. 2.5. Entrepreneurial incentives. 2.6. The source. 2.7. Partnerships. 3. The Entrepreneurship Concept in the Corporate Income Tax Act. 3.0. Introduction. 3.1. Development and legal base of the corporate income tax. 3.2. The definition of the term corporate body. 3.3. Taxation of companies and their shareholders. 3.4. Taxable entities. 3.5. The fictitious business concept. 3.6. Trade in loss making companies. 3.7. Group Taxation. 3.8. Taxation of public bodies. 4. The Entrepreneurship Concept of Value-Added Tax. 4.0. Introduction. 4.1. History of the Value-Added Tax. 4.2. The importance of the entrepreneurship. 4.3. Requirements of entrepreneurship. 4.4. The professions. 4.5. Agriculture. 4.6. Extension of entrepreneurship through option. 4.7. Occasional activities. 4.8. Quasi-entrepreneurship. 4.9. Group Taxation. 4.10. Public bodies. 5. Final Conclusion. Literature. Legislation, Bill Proposals and Parliamentary Documents. Jurisprudence and decrees. Index.


We develop our argument in five steps. The first section retraces the evolving interaction between peace research and politics. It recalls some of the central features of critical peace research as well as the articulation between norms and causal assumptions. The second and third sections expound what we call the bureaucratisation of positive peace by governments and NGOs at both the institutional and ideational levels. We draw attention to how peacebuilding has been institutionalized in diplomatic and aid organizations and how it propagates a set of received wisdoms about peace. In the fourth section we problematize a number of paradoxes of state sponsored peacebuilding from the viewpoint of critical peace research. Finally, we offer a number of concluding observations on the role of peace researchers and some suggestions how a tradition of critical peace research could be reinvigorated to fruitfully engage with contemporary peace issues.


All patients mentioned urinary incontinence (UI) and urinary tract infection as the reason for consultation, 5 (31.25%) of them also had renal failure with aggregate uronephrosis and 4 (25%) used indwelling urinary catheter. Surgical technique:Section of 45 cm of vascularized ileum, 15 cm from the ileocecal valve, detubularizing 30 cm of the proximal portion and respecting 15 cm of distal ileum that will form the ileal conduit. The open intestinal portion is folded in a "U" shape, joining the adjacent edges. Refinement and intussusception of the ileal conduit, forming an anti-reflux valve. The bladder is opened in the sagittal plane, the intestinal patch and bladder edges are sutured together. Umbilical resection and umbilical duct externalization. RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 30.18 months (13-48). Mean age was 37 years old (23-71). Intermittent catheterization was performed from postoperative day 21. Immediate complications occurred, 1 (6.25%) urinary fistula, paralytic ileus in 2 (12.5%) patients, urosepsis in 2 (12.5%) patients. Late complicationswere urinary tract infection in 4 patients (25%), urinary incontinence in 4 (25%), bladder stones in 2 patients (12.5%), and 1 patient (6.25%) decided to continue with permanent bladder catheter in the ileal conduit. The mean preoperative and post-operative bladder pressures was 87 cm of H2O and 17 cm of H2O respectively. The average preoperative and post-operative bladder capacity after one year was 112.5 cc (40-230 cc) and 426.25 cc (250-660 cc) respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The surgical technique for augmentation enterocistoplasty with continent ileal conduit is a feasible and safe approach for the management of urinary incontinence and renal failure in patients with neurogenic bladder and/or microbladder refractory to other treatments.


Future ultra-wideband systems will be applied for Internet access, multimedia services, wireless interfaces and location-aware services. This paper deals with the impulse radio (IR) UWB systems with high spectral efficiency. Though the IR systems are based on the use of baseband signals, the introduction of a proper orthogonal basis permits to derive higher order constellations as a linear combination of the elements of the basis with no additional bandwidth and a higher system throughput


To date, six distinct genotypes of the Sugarcane yellow leaf virus have been described in the literature (BRA, CUB, CHN1, IND, PER and REU). However, little information is available regarding the impact of virus genetic diversity on disease resistance. Three SCYLV genetic groups that can be identified with specific primers by RT-PCR are present in Guadeloupe: BRA-PER, CUB and REU. The impact of the virus genotype diversity on rating for resistance to yellow leaf was studied on a sub-population of 40 sugarcane clones issued from a population of 200 clones planted in a complete three blocks design. The sub-population was screened for virus incidence by sampling 10 leaves per plot and detecting SCYLV by tissue blot immunoassay (TBIA). For each plot, SCYLV genotypes were diagnosed by RT-PCR in a bulk of the TBIA positive leaves. The experiment was repeated in a second crop cycle. The results gave an estimation of genotype incidences for each clone. Of the 185 samples used for SCYLV genotyping, BRA-PER was found in 105, CUB in 170 and REU in 99 samples. CUB was the most frequent genotype encountered and had the largest cultivar host range, overlapping cultivar host ranges of BRA-PER and REU. Additionally, CUB incidence gave the best correlation with SCYLV incidence in each cultivar (R² 0.87). In addition, the incidences of virus genotypes in each cultivar compared by regression analysis showed that the incidence of CUB was correlated to the incidence of REU (R² 0.46), whereas the correlations between the incidence of BRA-PER and the two other genotype incidences were low (R² of 0.12 and 0.14). In view of these results, it is suspected that plant resistance mechanisms for yellow leaf disease depend on the genotype involved and that, in Guadeloupe, we are mainly looking for resistance to CUB genotype as its incidence overlaps with the two other ones, masking resistance to REU and BRA-PER. (Texte integral)


We attempted to identify oxygen extraction defectwhich might exist between oxygen
delivery(DO_2)andoxygen consumption(VO_2)in patients with multiple or-gan failure (MOF). 18
critically ill patients were dividedinto MOF group(n = 10)and non-MOF group(n = 8).No significant
difference in oxygen kinetic variables wasfound between groups in the initial( 6 hours after
admis-sion)and teminal(before the removal of pulmonarycatheter)stages of the
observation,Higher mortality atthe end of the study was found in MOF group as com-pared with
non-MOF group ( 80.0%vs 12.5%)butthere was no sigmificant differpnce in mortality betweenthe
two groups at the time of discharge, Higher incidenceof pathologic oxygen supply dependecy of
oxygen con-siimption existed in MOF group as compared with non-MOF group. We conclude that
a single kinetic lneasure-ment of oxygen couid not reflect the state of tissue oxy-genation and
the severity of illness, It might be inade-quate to use the mortality op hospital discharge as an
cri-terion for evaluating prognosis. Pathologic oxygen supplydependecy of oxygen consumption
might be an importantpathophysiologic mechanism of MOF.


MIT's educational philosophy, mens et manus, stresses the importance of providing students with both a conceptual and practical understanding of engineering. This thesis explored the development of design guidelines for creating assignments for introductory Course 2 classes that better emphasize the practical side of this educational mission. These design guidelines were identified by redesigning one case study 2.004 laboratory assignment, the tall building vibration lab. From student feedback on this case study assignment, the successful features of this redesigned assignment could be identified and used as guiding principles for the design of future assignments. Student reviews of the case study assignment indicated that the most promising feature of this assignment was the fact that it was structured as an interactive story set in a specific engineering project context. This feature may be used as an initial guiding design principle for the creation of other Course 2 assignments. More work must be done to test and develop these design guidelines further and to understand how to create assignments that teach practical applications of engineering while still allowing students to efficiently complete their graded work. Thesis Supervisor: Warren Seering Title: Professor of Mechanical Engineering


Sports first is the survival and development of human needs. As an important part of China's sports, rural sports in China's "sports law", "National Fitness Program" has a clear requirement. Enhance the physical quality of farmers, improve the quality of life of farmers, to achieve the modernization of rural society is the problem of building a well-off society in an all-round way. However, the theory and practice of rural sports in China is relatively backward, as a sports worker, it is the responsibility of the efforts, so the research paper came into being. In this study, through the perspective of China's rural sports current situation and put the emphasis on the status of rural sports as the breakthrough point, the torsion of the backward situation of rural sports as the main line to play the comparative advantages of rural sports as a breakthrough in the study, the use of theoretical thinking, take effective measures, strengthen and improve the work of rural sports. The main research object is the theory and practice of sports activities in rural areas. Using the methods of literature, field visits, expert interviews and other research methods, from the history to the future, from the traditional to modern, from the concept of value to the activities of the specific content of the study.


A system is proposed to provide handover in a mobile telecommunications environment, particularly applicable to 3GPP networks, in which a user device, such as a mobile telephone provides a buffer status report to the target base station during a handover procedure. The target base station uses this status report to allocate appropriate resources for uplink data to be transmitted from the user device to the target base station.


Summary Sixty-four ram and wether lambs were fed a high or a low energy diet and slaughtered at 60 to 80 kg for an assessment of the influence of diet and sex on lutein concentration in lamb fat. Outer subcutaneous fat samples were removed from the lower portion of wholesale ribs of 40 of the carcasses that had either the whitest or the yellowest fat. Lutein concentrations in the fat were correlated with carcass characteristics, fatty acid composition and lean flavor. Higher levels of lutein in the fat were associated with yellower fat color and lower carcass grades. More intense flavor in meat from ram and wether lambs was also associated with higher lutein values. Fat from lambs on the high energy corn diet had less lutein than fat from lambs on the low energy alfalfa diet because of the higher lutein content of the alfalfa. Ram lambs fed the low energy diet accumulated much higher concentrations of lutein in their fat than did wethers fed the same diet, but when high energy diets low in lutein were fed, neither rams nor wethers accumulated signifieant quantities of lutein. Overall, yellow fat, which is caused by high lutein levels, can be decreased by castration before the lambs reach 60 d of age or by the feeding of a diet low in lutein.


Failure modes have been studied experimentally on a low-noise one-micron aluminum gate GaAs FET. Several life tests, including high temperature storage, power burn-in, and gate biasing at elevated temperature, were carried out on more than 200 samples. It has been revealed that gradual degradation of source and drain contact resistance is the major life-determining failure mode. MTTF was estimated to be about 109hours for channel temperature of 80°C. Surge tests were also carried out. In some specimens, reversible drift of electrical parameters was observed. This instability seems to be related with deep level trapping centers in the GaAs epitaxial layer substrate interface.


A polyimide laminate formed by forming at least a thermoplastic polyimide layer on one side of the high heat resistant polyimide layer, high heat-resistant polyimide layer contains a polyimide molecules having a reactive functional group, and a thermoplastic polyimide layer is a reactive functional group of the polyimide molecules contained in the high heat resistant polyimide layer, an imide bond, an amide bond, a thermoplastic having a reactive functional group capable of forming at least one bond selected from benzimidazole bond polyimide laminate which is characterized by containing a polyimide molecules. Thus, it is possible to provide a polyimide laminate having improved adhesion strength between the polyimide.


Cell mapping method is used for solving the revolution, mechanism, attractors and oscillating behaviour of nonlinear chemical dynamic system, e g , the known well B Z reaction, WR reaction and Rossler reaction and so on. The results show that cell mapping method could well reveal intrinsic laws and phenomena of complex reactions, and the cell mapping method had better quantitative and universalism features than other theories for the nonlinear systems.


In general, the efficiency of civil proceedings in commercial cases has been improved by introducing the amendment of 4 July 2019 to the Polish Code of Civil Procedure: the subsidiarity of testimonial evidence in the commercial cases. Simultaneously, Article 458 10 of the code doesn't allow to take an expert witness opinion after testimonial evidence which may, in a particular case, extend the duration of the proceedings. Therefore, this gap should be removed by amendment of this regulation. It should also be taken into account that testimonial evidence needs to be proceeded by hearing of parties due to both the reasons of conducting and the character of both means of proof.


Internet Marketing enables consumers to compare purchasing objectives more extensively and conveniently and unprecedentedly facilitates consumers to inquire and consult.Through Internet,enterprises can establish and show their images on a global seale and expand their market seales to maxims at lower costs of marketing.Besides,Internet Marketing can promotes reforming and perfecting each level of business administration.


A method for producing digital orthophoto was discussed in the paper,using laser point cloud and optical image obtained from LiDAR system.Optical image was oriented by aerial triangulation,according to exterior orientation elements provided by GPS and inertial navigation system,and controled points collecting from laser point cloud data.DSM gained from LiDAR laser point cloud was filtered to get DEM.Orthophoto was produced through image rectification with the DEM,after image orientation.


Aphanothece microscopica Nageli is a cyanobacterium with the ability to grow in effluents originated from industrial activities by exploiting its auxiliary mechanisms such as respiration to remove nutrients from the effluents and to generate bioproducts with aggregated values. The present work aims to contribute to the optimization of the C / N and N / P ratio in the dairy effluent, allowing the evaluation of the effect of these elements on the growth kinetics of Aphanothece microscopica Nageli. The cultivation of the cyanobacteria were conducted in the dairy effluent in a heterotrophic bioreactor under initial cell concentration conditions of 200 mg L-1, initial pH 7.6, temperature of 30 ° C, continuous aeration and absence of light. A factorial experimental design (32) was used with the following factors: C/N (20, 40, and 60) and N/P (5, 10, 15). The C/N and N/P ratios were adjusted based on the previously determined COD/N-NTK and N-NTK / P-PO4-3 ratios in the effluent. The C/N ratio was adjusted with glucose and N/P with disodium phosphate. The cultivation of Aphanothece in the effluent with the C/N 20 and N/P 10 ratios obtained the best kinetic values with a maximum cell concentration of 1045 mg. L-1, maximum specific growth velocity of 0.250 h-1, generation time of 2.77 h and batch time to reach the maximum cell concentration of 6 h.


Caffeine consumption by pregnant women at doses above 300 mg/ day cause skeletal damage. One solution to protect skeletal damage is propolis, propolis contains flavonoids, which could increase the number of osteoblasts. To compare the results obtained, used dairy sources of calcium and phosphorus which is very good for bone growth. In this research, testing to see the effect of propolis and milk on fetal skeletal female white mice (Mus musculus) induced by caffeine. Parent mice were divided into 6 groups. The negative control group, positive control group of caffeine (a dose of 75 mg/ kg weight ), a positive control group of propolis (a dose of 1400 mg/ kg weight ), a positive control group of milk (200 ml), D1 group (caffeine 75 mg / kg weight and propolis 1400 mg/ kg weight ) and group D2 (caffeine 75 mg/ kg weight and milk 200 ml). Data were processed using one-way ANOVA. The results showed that administration of propolis and milk induced caffeine during pregnancy does not affect the parent body weight of mice, the number of fetuses and fetal weight was significantly (P> 0.05). Observations with Alizarin solution for groups D1 and D2 are not found skeletal defects as compared to the negative control group. It can be concluded that the provision of propolis dose of 1400 mg / kg and 200 ml of milk can repair skeletal damage caused by caffeine dose of 75 mg/ kg weight . The results showed that administration of propolis and milk induced caffeine during pregnancy does not affect the parent body weight of mice, the number of fetuses and fetal weight was significantly (P> 0.05). Observations with Alizarin solution for groups D1 and D2 are not found skeletal defects as compared to the negative control group. It can be concluded that the provision of propolis dose of 1400 mg/ kg weight and 200 ml of milk can repair skeletal damage caused by caffeine dose of 75 mg/ kg weight . The results showed that administration of propolis and milk induced caffeine during pregnancy does not affect the parent body weight of mice, the number of fetuses and fetal weight was significantly (P> 0.05). Observations with Alizarin solution for groups D1 and D2 are not found skeletal defects as compared to the negative control group. It can be concluded that the provision of propolis dose of 1400 mg/ kg weight and 200 ml of milk can repair skeletal damage caused by caffeine dose of 75 mg/ kg weight .


A high-performance, broadband E-Band orthomode transducer (OMT) was designed and fabricated for a dedicated frequency converter. Cross-polarized signals between 71 and 86 GHz, received in a TE11 mode circular waveguide needed to be split into separate horizontal and vertical polarization channels. The purpose of the OMT is to service the 71–76 and 81–86 GHz licensed communication bands. The main goal of OMT design is maximized transmission across the design bandwidth. Every fraction of a dB lost before the first low noise amplifier is a direct loss in SNR for the overall system. Several different design approaches were simulated, and several OMT's and ancillary components were built and tested. In the end, practical limitations determined the final path of the completed device. The final product performed several tenths of a dB better than commercially available devices and better than most reported in academic literature. Lessons learned included which construction techniques worked and did not work, as well as what compromises are acceptable.


the eye excised; pus was found to be exuding through a necrosed area of sclerotic. The axillary vein subsequently became thrombosed and suppurated. The absence of any primary focus of suppuration and the presence of a systolic mitral bruit rendered the diagnosis of infective retinal eAbolism secondary to endarteritis probable. Mr. PARSONS, in a comment on the case, drew attention to the importance of a bacteriological examination of the blood in such cases, and showed that the behaviour of any given case varied greatly according to the particular organism responsible. There was also a strong selective factor as regards site in the case of various organisms. Mr. ANGUS MACNAB pointed out that in many cases where thX abscess contents were afterwards found to be sterile the pneumococcus was the organism responsible. Mr. WHITEIEAD, in reply, said that the pus from the eye was sterile, while that from the abscess contained some diplococci.


2569 Background: ICIs (anti-PD-L1/PD-1/CTLA-4) are approved in multiple cancers. The impact of organ dys on the pharmacokinetics of ICIs is known, but associated clinical outcomes are not well characterized. We compared real-world (rw) clinical outcomes in ICI-treated pts by liver and renal function. Methods: This retrospective study used longitudinal, patient-level data from community practices in the Flatiron Health electronic-health record (EHR)-derived database. We included pts diagnosed with advanced cancers (NSCLC, renal cell, melanoma, gastric/esophageal, or head and neck) on or after 1/1/2011, treated with an ICI with follow-up through 12/31/2018 and with baseline liver or renal function results in the EHR ≤30 days prior to ICI start. Organ function was stratified as normal, mild, moderate, or severe dys based on NCI CTCAE. We computed unadjusted median estimates for rw time to treatment discontinuation (rwTTD) for any reason and overall survival (OS) across baseline groups using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: Of 15,979 pts, we identified 12,978/12,840 pts with evaluable renal/liver function, respectively; median follow-up was 5.1 mos and median age was 69.0 yrs (IQR: 61.0, 76.0) for both. Most pts had NSCLC (69.4/69.0%), were men (60.1/60.0%), white (73.5/73.6%), and diagnosed at stage IV (58.7%/58.6%). Most ICI was given in 1st-line (42.3/42.1%) (outcomes in Table). Conclusions: Pts with categorically worse baseline liver function had progressively worse on-treatment outcomes, including shorter OS, which differed from trends in renal dys. Whether baseline dys is prognostic or predictive of ICI outcomes should be further investigated in addition to reasons for discontinuation. Clinical outcomes (unadjusted median times, mos [95% CI]) by organ function. [Table: see text]


Glassy composites were made by photopolymerization of a dimethacrylate paste containing silanated silicate particles (up to 50 μm). Minimum values of Vickers hardness number, stiffness, and yield stress were found for volume fractions of the filler in the range 0.03 to 0.05. Generally fracture surface morphology resembled classical results for inorganic glasses. In addition, tracks and features were observed of the kind reported previously for highly crosslinked organic glasses. Such morphology has been attributed to fortuitous changes in direction of the principal tensile stress just ahead of the crack tip. In the present work it was found that single tracks and features were associated with individual filler particles. This observation is consistent with the expectation that individual particles would act as stress concentrators and thereby serve to change the direction of the principal stress. Furthermore, stress concentration may be invoked to account for the minimum in mechanical properties but dewetting might also be involved.


First emerging in Wuhan, China, the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2). The causative agent was recognized from samples from the throat swab conducted by the Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CCDC) on 7th January 2020 and was afterward named COVID-19 by the World Health Organization (WHO). Within a few weeks, the infection ABSTRACT


Abstract Manned Space Station features large size and suffers large environmental disturbance torque. To maintain space station attitude stable for long-time without frequent control moment gyros (CMGs) saturation interruption, an attitude and momentum management controller in inertial reference is designed. Firstly the space station attitude dynamics, angular momentum dynamics of CMGs, and aerodynamics are modeled, then the characteristics of gravity gradient torque for inertially oriented space station is analyzed. Subsequently the system dynamics is augmented with the filter states, and Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) method is used to design the feedback gain matrix. By rational setting of gain matrix of filter states, the space station can maintain inertially oriented stable without CMGs disaturation. Finally one middle-stage configuration of the Chinese Space Station is demonstrated as an example to validate the design, simulation results show that the angular momentum resulted from gravity gradient torque and aerodynamic torque does not accumulate respectively.


Currently all pregnant women residing in the Netherlands are offered second trimester ultrasound screening for the detection of fetal congenital structural abnormalities. This routine ultrasound examination takes place at 18 to 22 weeks' gestation. The ultrasound examination may yield soft markers, which are characterized by subtle morphological changes that are often transient and have little or no pathological significance. Soft markers are of interest because of their association with fetal congenital anomalies, in particular aneuploidy. This may create uncertainty for the pregnant woman and the care provider. Information can be found in the literature about the strength of the association of soft markers, when detected as an isolated finding, and the presence of fetal abnormalities. One or more soft markers are detected during routine ultrasound in approximately 5% of pregnant women. 4 markers (echogenic intracardiac focus, echogenic bowel, mild ventriculomegaly and shortened femur) are associated with Down syndrome. Given the low prevalence of Down syndrome in the general population and the relatively low strength of association with the syndrome, the positive predictive value of these markers is very low. The same is true for choroid plexus cysts, which are associated with trisomy 18. Apart from chromosomal abnormalities, some soft markers (echogenic bowel, mild ventriculomegaly and shortened femur) are also associated with non-chromosomal fetal abnormalities. Renal pyelectasis and the 2-vessel (instead of 3-vessel) umbilical cord are associated with non-chromosomal abnormalities only. It is recommended that pregnant women be informed about the nature and implications of these findings before the examination.


With the second volume of West Iranian Dialect Materials thirteen short-stories in Luri (Baxtiari) dialect from the collection of D. L. Lorimer are published. The stories appear in transcription, and are followed by translation and an extensive glossary. In arranging the glossary, as in volume one, special attention has been attached to the ethymology of the important words. Lorimer's large linguistic records from southern Iran, collected in 1906, 1908 and 1913-14, consist of valuable materials and can be divided into several sections such as ethnographic materials, folk-stories, inter-tribal relations, history of the Baxtiaris, poetry and the like. This volume will be followed by other volumes covering the publication of all of Lorimer's materials in Luri (Baxtiari).


Metal implants allow nowadays prosthetic rehabilitations with high clinical success due to their surface properties. Some studies have shown that surface properties such as roughness, wettability and chemistry changed the adhesion and differentiation of cells, and thereby, the integration of implant in tissues. Understanding of the interactions between cells and implant surfaces is essential in the field of tissue engineering and biomaterials. Attachment, adhesion and spreading of cells establish the first step of interaction between cells and surfaces and, so the quality of this step determined the cell capacity to proliferate and differentiate on implant surface. In this context, the aim of this study was to study the adhesion and differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) on nanostructured surface. In the first part, the adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of hMSC, osteoblasts and gingival fibroblasts were compared on substrates with similar surface roughness and wettability, but different chemistries. Secondly, nanostructured titanium surface were realized and characterized. Titanium vapor deposition was performed on polycarbonate membranes with pores of 50, 200 or 400 nm of diameter. Anodisation also allowed obtaining a regular surface with pores of 30, 50 and 100 nm of diameter. In the last part of this work, the adhesion and osteoblastic differentiation of hMSC were studied on these nanostructured surfaces. Cell adhesion and differentiation have been investigated using staining, immunostaining, image analysis and gene expression. Finally, histomorphometric analysis of anodized implant after 1 and 3 weeks of implantation in rat tibia allowed the characterization of osteointegration. The characterization of surface properties and biological study of different cell type on nanostructured surface was necessary to understand the behaviour of cells and so, the consequence for the osteointegration.


We provide a geometric solution to the problem of optimal relay positioning to maximize the multicast rate for low-SNR networks. The network we consider consists of a single source, multiple receivers and the only intermediate and locatable node as the relay. We construct network the hypergraph of the system nodes from the underlying information theoretic model of low-SNR regime that operates using superposition coding and FDMA in conjunction (which we call the "achievable hypergraph model"). We make the following contributions.


As the analysis solution of the adsorption equation is difficult to find, the adsorption coefficient is regarded as constant in the solution. For suspension, adsorption has further influence on core displacement than diffusion. So adsorption coefficient treated as constant would cause distortion. A mathematical model is established for the system of suspension, and a method that combines numerical stimulation with experiments is presented, in which only the average concentration of the fluid is needed, the adsorption coefficient could be fitted by adjusting the parameters, as a result, the error of experiments is cut down. In the system, the linear change of adsorption coefficient with time and adsorption extent is considered, and the initial value of the adsorption coefficient could be deduced. The model can simulate the concentration of the suspension in the different position at random time. The accuracy and practicability of the method are verified by experiments.


We consider the problem of variational assimilation of observational data with the aim to reconstruct the initial condition in a locally one-dimensional model of vertical heat exchange in the ocean, which is described by the nonstationary heat equation with a nonlinear diffusion coefficient. We investigate the solvability of the data assimilation problem, develop and justify algorithms for its numerical solution. The results of numerical experiments are given.


This paper presents a technique of partial laryngectomy for tumors involving both vocal cords. The resection includes both vocal cords, adjacent cartilage and one arytenoid. Staged reconstruction consists of rotating the remaining posterior border of the thyroid cartilage 90° in order to obtain adequate anteroposterior length. A temporary laryngostome is formed. The results in four patients, followed for a minimum of three years, are presented.


This article applies the fuzzy evaluation system to the performance appraisal of preventing juvenile delinquency.Considering the particularities and integrities of preventive work,analytic hierarchy process has been introduced to calculate index weight.When we evaluate main module,appraise from all sectors of society,experts' assessment and youngsters' advice should be integrated,so as to combine subjective judgments and quantitative analysis.On the one hand,integrated application of both fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and AHP methods at the same time can resolve some critical issues scientifically,such as the content fuzziness and the range uncertainty.On the other hand,it also helps us to avoid experientialism and blindness in those previous assessments,which was used to be graded by supervision department.


Henon sought the most general spherical potential in which the radial periods of orbits depended only on energy. He named this potential the isochrone, and discovered that it provided a good representation of data for globular clusters. He sought an explanation in terms of resonant relaxation. The role that resonant relaxation might play in globular clusters is still an open question, but the isochrone potential is guaranteed a role in dynamical astronomy because it is the most general potential in which closed-form expressions for angle-action coordinates are available. I explain how this property makes the isochrone invaluable for the powerful technique of torus mapping. I also describe flattened isochrone models, which enable us to explore a powerful general method of generating self-consistent stellar systems.


Design and setting: We reviewed a total of 1,101 consecutive files of patients presenting to a single chiropractor's office in British Columbia, Canada. We included those who met the inclusion criteria. We extracted demographic variables and non-injury-related information from 33 eligible patient files. We calculated correlations between variables, and created a multivariable linear regression model to evaluate their relative associations with NDI scores on presentation.


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Pregnant women in Australia who give birth in private hospitals have higher rates of operative delivery (caesarean sections, forceps procedures, and vacuum extractions) than those who use public hospitals. Do they need to have more caesarean sections? In this edition of the BMJ , Roberts and colleagues (p 137) examine the risk profiles of these two populations among women having babies in New South Wales, Australia.1 They found that similar rates of women were classified as low risk (48% in private hospitals and 49% in public). Within these low risk groups, private patients were more likely to be 30–34 years old, but the proportion of women classed as being at low risk was the same in each group. The authors, therefore, reasonably argue that this counters the commonly held view that the reason for higher rates of caesarean sections in private patients in Australia is because women at higher risk of complications in pregnancy are more likely to take out private insurance for pregnancy …


Abstract The indexed X-ray diffraction powder data of sodium triaqua-hexa-(nicotinato-tri-μ-oxo-tri-chromium(III) perchlorate) hexahydrate {Na [Cr3 O(C6H5NO2)6(H2 O)3] [ClO4]8·C6H5NO2·6H2O, NICCR} is reported. NICCR crystallizes in the hexagonal space group P63/m. The refined cell parameters were determined by employing a Siemens Debye-Scherrer camera (Fe Kā radiation, λmean= 1.93736 Å). The cell constants are a = 13.573(2), c = 24.901(5) Å, V = 3972.8 Å3 and Dx =1.68 Mg m-3 (Dm =1.67 Mg m-3). The quantitative figure of merit (FN) for NICCR is F27 = 32(0.010,81). The JCPDS Diffraction File No. is 36–1978.


The invention relates to a special jointing clamp for an inserting hole type terminal strip test wire. The special jointing clamp consists of a clamp body and a wiring device, wherein one end of the wiring device is a contact pin; the other end of the wiring device is a test wire connector which is connected with the contact pin. By adopting a mode that the contact pin is inserted into a terminal inserting hole, that the test wire is fixedly connected with an inserting hole type terminal strip is achieved, the simplicity, rapidness and good convenience in the connection process are achieved, and the problems existing in connecting of the inserting hole type terminal strip and the test wire at present are solved.


Electrocatalytic water‐splitting has gained a firm hold in the area of renewable hydrogen production owing to its integrative compatibility with intermittent energy sources. However, wide‐scale implementation of this technology demands discovery of new electrode materials that strike a good balance between efficiency, stability, and cost. In the pool of inexpensive electrodes capable of catalyzing hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions, metal borides/borates have made a big splash in the last decade. However, the research in this family of electrocatalysts remains unorganized owing to the diversity of reports. This review summarizes the past and present research progress in metal borides/borates for electrocatalytic water‐splitting. The fundamental reasons for electrochemical behavior in different metal borides/borates are highlighted here, also including some comments regarding erroneous practices in the performance evaluation of metal borides/borates. Various strategies used to enhance the electrocatalytic performance of metal borides/borates are discussed in detail. Different methods evolved over the years for the synthesis of metal borides/borates are also discussed. Finally, an assessment of the commercial viability of metal borides/borates is made and future research directions are suggested.


A diabetic baker, unable to taste her confectionery, finds herself trying to start a new wedding destination hotel in social Atlanta.


A 48 year old female presented with extensive ulceration of the nasal septum of 8 months duration. Investigations confirmed the local nature of the disease. A biopsy revealed large zones of ischemic necrosis and abnormal lymphoid cells invading vessel walls and glandular structures. Florid squamous metaplasia, and pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia of mucosal epithelium mimicked squamous cell carcinoma and necrotising sialometaplasia. Immunohistochemistry and insitu hybridization confirmed the diagnosis of an EBV positive, Nasal NK/T cell lymphoma. A Pubmed/Medline search suggests that this is the first documented case from India.


With the recent developments in computer technology studies on how to digitally restore traditional buildings to their original state are being pursued. It is highly important that the public can be educated by digitally restoring these buildings online and/or offline. However, it is necessary to develop several techniques to understand a structural order and construction process in traditional buildings. We propose new techniques that we can better understand them and fit them into society in the education and the publicity.