scholars caught in the publishing crisis, by developing working relationships between ElectraPress and the humanities/new media editors at the presses we admire. We hope these editors will refer projects to us that they feel ought to be published but that their presses have turned down on financial grounds. One key difference between Electra and traditional academic publishing will be that all work will be produced on an open-source, Creative Commons model; this system will rely on the volunteer labor of editors, peer reviewers, board members, designers, programmers, and, of course, authors. Authors who publish with Electra will be asked to give back to the community by reviewing and editing manuscripts of other scholars. Most important, the results of this labor will be made freely available to the scholarly community and to other interested readers. What we hope to accomplish is a true return of intellectual labor to an economy of the gift, in which the work is done to contribute to the growing body of knowledge rather than, even if illusorily, to profit therefrom. Because of the volunteer nature of the project, at least at first, few manuscripts will be taken on. As the volunteer base grows, and more scholars accept Electra's publication model, progress will no doubt accelerate. I urge anyone concerned about the publishing crisis to participate in this project. Insofar as true solutions to the publishing crisis may be found, they can only arise from within the academic community itself.


Academic activities of science and technology on the part of university students have been an exploratory job concerning the overall situation of teaching and learning,local universities should avail themselves of their advantages to well organize such activities.This paper is a case study of Guangzhou University who has had a good try at the integrated mechanism which comes under 4 categories in the process of the organization: the integration of the coordinative flow,the integration of curricular and extracurricular activities,the integration of learning,researching and innovation,the integration of on-and-off campus practices.The theoretic basis of the mechanism is discussed and the achievements which have been made based on the concept are introduced.


Sea cucumber aquaculture has increased in the last several years due to the exploitation and population depletion of natural stocks. To investigate product potential, this study was conducted to examine several physical aspects of shelter design necessary for enhancing sea cucumber resources. Physical factors were restricted to hole shape (i.e., circle, triangle and quadrangle) of the shelter structure focused on which hole shapes sea cucumber prefer by water temperature (10, 15, 20℃). Experiments were conducted in a recirculation aquaculture system with dimensions of 2100 × 1000 × 1100 mm. Observations of video camera footage were made of sea cucumber given the choice of experimental plastic shelters with circular, triangular, and quadrangle holes. Sea cucumber used in the experiment was 13.38 ± 2 g in body weight. Fifty sea cucumbers were used for each experiment, based on the maximum inner area of all holes capable of occupation. The same experiment was replicated 3 times. Sea cucumbers were placed at distances of about 450 mm from the blocks. The data were evaluated by an analysis of variance (ANOVA). More sea cucumbers were attracted to circular holes than others in the experiment plastic shelters at 15℃ and 20℃ (P<0.05).


An integrated experimental and thermodynamic modeling investigation of the phase equilibria in the PbO–NiO–SiO2 system in air and also in equilibrium with liquid metal has been undertaken to better characterize the chemical reactions taking place in the Ni‐containing Pb processing slags. New experimental phase equilibria data at 720°C–1740°C were obtained for this system using high‐temperature equilibration of synthetic mixtures with predetermined compositions in sealed silica ampoules or in Au/Pt–Ir foils, a rapid quenching technique, and electron probe x‐ray microanalysis of the equilibrated phase compositions. Phase equilibria and liquidus isotherms in the quartz/tridymite/cristobalite (SiO2), olivine (Ni2SiO4), monoxide (NiO), Ni‐barysilite (Pb8NiSi6O21), massicot (PbO), and di‐lead silicate (Pb2SiO4) primary phase fields were revealed and the extent of the high‐SiO2 two‐liquid immiscibility gap in equilibrium with cristobalite was determined. New experimental data were used in the development of a thermodynamic database describing this ternary system. Also, modeling revision of the NiO–SiO2 binary system was conducted, resulting in a smaller miscibility gap in ternary systems that was closer to the experimental results.


Fuel cells are promising with advantages of higher energy conversion efficiency and lower emissions of SOX, NOX, and CO2 than conventional power systems. Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is a high temperature fuel cell, which operates at 873–1273 K. This allows SOFCs to operate with different types of fuels from both fossil and renewable sources because of their general higher tolerance to contaminants than other fuel cells. It opens up for an easier transition from conventional power generation of hydrocarbon‐based fuels to hydrogen energy by fuel cells. With increased interest in the use of renewable fuels, fuel cells have the potential to play a significant role in a sustainable solution. Attractive fuels, which are reviewed here and analyzed through thermodynamic calculations in this study, are methanol, ethanol, di‐methyl‐ether, and biogas. It is concluded that it is feasible for SOFCs to handle all the studied fuels.


the idea of the drama in its earliest form began to take shape in the course of a tenacious struggle carried on by our forefathe rs and ancients in t he pre-historical periods,fighting against violent,ferocious birds and beasts s o as to make a living and survive.It was only after a long historical evolution that the idea of drama in ancient China came to be referred as the stage perform ing art.From the Ming and Qing Dynasties through modern times the idea of drama in ancient China in the form of stage performing art,because of its dominant s ocial status,got to be diversified with distinctive tendencies and a great disp arity in style.


A solution to the robust pole assignment problem via reflection coefficients of polynomials is provided for discrete-time single-input single-output (SISO) and multi-input multi-output (MIMO) linear systems. For SISO systems a robust state controller and the polytopic uncertain plant which is stabilized by this controller have been found. For MIMO systems the problem is solved for an uncertain interval plant.


The invention discloses a composition for raising use ratio of catalyst for fuel cell. The composition includes catalyst, ion macromolecules of proton conduction, and couplant. Using function group B1, the couplant binds catalyst or carrier of catalyst; and using function group B2 the couplant binds ion macromolecules of proton conduction. The invention also discloses corresponding method including following steps: (1) using supersound to break up catalyst; (2) adding couplant to generate bonding to catalyst; and (3) adding high molecular fluoride to generate bonding to couplant so as to formcomposition of catalyst - couplant - high molecular fluoride in order to form stable dispersion. In step (2), the couplant uses a function group B1 to bond to catalyst, and uses a function group B2 to bind to high molecular fluoride.


textabstractIn a longitudinaal study the changes of bladder muscle contracticity in response to increasing obstruction of the lower urinary tract caused by prostatic enlargement were studies using non-invasive urodynamics.


A deep transfer learning (deep-TL) classification model has been proposed to diagnose tomato leaf disease. The main challenge of inaccurate classification of a convolution neural network (CNN) model was the availability of the small-sized dataset. This model deals with the challenges like availability of small-sized and imbalanced datasets. The proposed Alex support vector machine (SVM) fused hybrid classification (ASFHC) model is based on fully fusion technology that avoids overfitting to classify the type of disease in tomato leaves. The proposed model achieves the best performance in terms of accuracy by data augmentation of the training data. It uses a pre-trained network for feature extraction with the modification of architecture by concatenating two layers FC6 and FC7 (fully connected layer), plus a linear SVM classifier for classification of the disease. The uniqueness of the research is although the dataset is not balanced, the performance of the model has achieved the maximum. Compared with VGG 16 and VGG 19, the proposed model (ASFHC) has been evaluated using different measuring parameters, indicating remarkable computation time for implementation in the internet of things (IoT) domain. The overall accuracy attained by the model is 99.62%.


An automorphism of a graph product of groups is conjugating if it sends each factor to a conjugate of a factor (possibly different). In this article, we determine precisely when the group of conjugating automorphisms of a graph product satisfies Kazhdan's property (T) and when it satisfies some vastness properties including SQ-universality.


Abstract —This article reviews and analyses the educational research literature on interventions to I.increase the recruitment and retention of information and communications technology (ICT) students. The results show that three changes in computing pedagogy characterize successful interventions, and consequently offer promising ways to attract and prepare more people for careers in ICT. The most important selection criterion considered when choosing papers to review was that interventions had been tested in practice and their effectiveness measured. Interventions were arranged into two groups: recruitment and retention. Recruitment interventions described initiatives to motivate interest in computing among secondary schools students, whereas retention interventions described efforts to retain students in ICT majors at universities. The three pedagogical approaches that emerged from an analysis of the successful interventions were: (1) visual programming environments to teach introductory programming, (2) inquiry learning activities to engage students in computing, and (3) integration of interdisciplinary knowledge to attract students from diverse disciplines. This review draws attention to innovative teaching practices currently shaping computer science education. Wider adoption of these pedagogical strategies has the potential to significantly increase the number of qualified ICT professionals.


At the beginning of the 16th century, Antwerp was one of the most important ports in Europe. Among the archaeological finds that are dated to this period of great wealth, an important number of fragments from luxurious glass vessels have been found. In view of the high price of finished Venetian glassware, it is unlikely that all the Antwerp glass finds are Venetian products. The aim of this investigation was to determine whether there was a significant local production of 'facon-de-Venise' glass vessels in Antwerp in the 16th century and to elucidate how this local production can be distinguished from 'real' (i.e., imported) Venetian ware. The analysis results for 122 'facon-de-Venise' glass objects excavated in Antwerp were considered. Clustering of the Antwerp data revealed five compositional groups. Two groups of glass objects were found that feature a typical Venetian composition, one with a 'Cristallo'-like composition and the other closely resembling 'Vitrum Blanchum' glass. The other three compositional groups contain glasses that probably were fabricated locally. The composition of a waste glass marble coincides with one of these groups. The differences between these three groups may indicate that different types of alkali were in use or possibly mixing of alkali types by the glass workers. The same non-Venetian composition was found in London, Amsterdam and various locations in France, which may be explained by the export of locally manufactured 'facon-de-Venise' vessels from Antwerp to these nearby cities or by the use of similar fluxes/flux mixtures to those in Antwerp.


The purpose of the present work is to explorethe capacity of confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM)for observations of fracture surfaces of metallic materials. Brittle, ductile and fatigue fracture surfaces of different types of metallic materials have beenstudiedwithconfocallaser scanning microscopeLext OLS4000 and scanning electron microscope (SEM) SIGMA. The features of brittle fracture ofi mpact tested 20GL and 110G13 steels (cleavage and intergranular fracture type)as well as fatigue character of fracture surfaces of titanium Grade 4 specimens can be fully identifi ed with CLSM. 2D CLSM and SEM images of these types (cleavage, intergranular and fatigue) of fracture surfaces are found to be nicely comparable. Moreover 3D CLSM images in certain cases can provide much more useful information in terms of topographical characteristics and roughness of fracture surface.Nevertheless CLSM images of ductile fracture surface of impact tested aluminum alloy AK4-1appear to be less informative than SEM ones and do not show all features of these fracture types.


The invention discloses a solar green house, which comprises a main structure, a roof structure and a plurality of film solar battery packs, wherein the roof structure is arranged on the main structure; the plurality of film solar battery packs are arranged on the roof structure and the distances between the film solar battery packs are unequal. Therefore, the film solar battery packs can absorb sunlight and generate electric power. The distances between the film solar battery packs are determined according to the illumination angle of the sunlight or the positions of plants placed in the solar green house, so that the amount of the sunlight projected onto the film solar battery packs and plants can be distributed well to improve the amount of the electric power generated by the solar film battery packs and the growth speed of the plants.


To meet the NOx limit without a penalty of fuel consumption, Urea-SCR system is currently regarded as promising NOx reduction technology for diesel engines. SCR system has to achieve maximal NOx conversion in combination with minimal NH₃ slip. In this study, map based open loop control for urea injection was developed and assessed in the European Transient Cycle (ETC) for heavy duty diesel engine. The basic urea quantity set-value which was calculated using the look up tables of engine out NOx, exhaust flow rate and optimum NSR resulted in NOx reduction of 80% and the average NH₃ slip of 24 ppm and maximum of 79 ppm. In order to reduce NH₃ slip, NH₃ storage control algorithm was applied to correct the basic urea quantity and reduced NH₃ slip levels to the average 15 ppm and maximum 49 ppm while keeping NOx reduction of 76%. With high and increasing SCR temperature, the NH₃ storage capacity decreases, which leads to NH₃ slip. The resulting NH₃ slip peak can be avoided by stopping or significantly reducing the urea injection during the SCR temperature gradient is over 30℃/min.


Paper depicts the result of the survey conducted to indentify the degree of use of various printed information resources like text books, subject books, magazines and news papers, grey information resources and journals by the visually challenged students and research scholars. Further researcher has endeavored to identify the assistance rendered by parents, teachers, library staff and technical personnel of NGOs for reading information resource to fulfill their academic needs. Also explains the familiarity of the visually challenged with the Braille books.


10 one-way stone slabs were tested to investigate the flexural behavior.The failure mode,strain distribution of cross-section and flexural bearing capacity of stone slabs were studied.The results indicate that the failure mode of stone slabs is brittle rupture;the control conditions of flexural capacity are the cross-section of stone slabs and natural defects of stone.Before the failure of stone slabs,cross-section strain distribution along the height is linear,and the plane-section assumption is valid.Based on the test results and the plane-section assumption,an analytical model is proposed to calculate the cracking moment of stone slabs.The proposed model agrees well to the experimental results.


Natural fibre reinforced polymer composites have raised great interests among material scientists and engineers in recent years due to the need for developing an environmentally friendly material. In this work, Isora nano cellulose (INC) was prepared from a novel fiber, Isora by an eco-friendly biological method. Isora is cellulose rich fiber separated from the bark of Helicteres isora plant by retting process. Phanerochaete Chrysosporium is selected as suitable organism for biological delignification due to its high lignin degrading efficiency. After the treatment of fibre by the enzyme produced from the organism by solid state fermentation process, the size of fiber reduced to micro level. Cellulose micro fibrils [IMC] so obtained are subjected to bleaching followed by acid hydrolysis and homogenization to obtain the fibril in the nano level [INC]. The obtained nano cellulosic fibres are characterized by TEM, AFM and FESEM, WAXRD. Rubber micro and nanocomposites are prepared using IMC/INC via a two-step process involving (a) master-batch preparation of IMC/INC in NR latex and (b) two-roll mill mixing of the master batch with solid Natural rubber and vulcanizing agents followed by subsequent curing. Significant improvement in mechanical properties of the composites is observed at relatively low filler loadings. Addition of IMC/INC increases the tensile strength and modulus values accompanied by a moderate decrease in elongation at break. Abrasion resistance, compression set and hardness are also enhanced due to the IMC/INC loadings in NR. Thermal ageing for 2 days at 70 0 c, increase the tensile properties of the composites due to post curing on ageing. Composites with 2phr IMC and 1 phr INC respectively show maximum mechanical properties. Nanocomposites show enhancement in tensile properties than micro composites at comparatively still lower filler loadings The nano composite with 1 phr INC shows an increase in tensile properties to an extent of 51% and tear strength of 68 %.. SEM analysis of the tensile fractured surfaces of the composites revealed better interfacial adhesion between the rubber and the reinforcement at comparatively low filler loadings.


The careless illegally copied contents have been rising serious social problem as internet and multimedia technologies are developing. Therefore, effective and efficient copy detection techniques are required for content management and rights protection. In this paper, we propose a content-based hierarchical video copy detection method that estimates similarity using statistical characteristics between an original video and its spatial variations. We rank luminance average value of video that is robust to the special transformation, and choose similar video sequences named as candidate segments in huge amount of database to reduce processing time and complexity. Finally, we detect the copied video by using the hypothesis test of mean. As experiment result, proposed method has similar copy detection ratio accuracy to the reference method while our processing time and complexity are less than those of the reference since we can reduce the number of keyframes up to 50%. Also, the proposed method can efficiently detect spatial variations such as blur, contrast change, zoom in, and zoom out.


Introduction: Crown gall on grapevine caused by Agrobacterium vitis (OPHEL and KERR 1990) is reported from vineyards all over the world. Pathogenic A. vitis strains harbour large plasmids (pTi) responsible for plant tumor formation. During infection, part of the plasmid (T-DNA) is transferred into the plant cell and integrated into the nuclear plant DNA (CHILTON et al. 1977). The expression of T-DNA genes leads to the overproduction of auxins and cytokinins and subsequent tumor formation. The T-DNA also codes for the production of several tumor-specific compounds. These so called opines are excreted and serve as nutrients for A. vitis bacteria. Three types of opines are produced by grapevine tumors, so that the inciting A. vitis bacterium is assigned to either a nopaline, octopine, or vitopip.e strain class (SzEGEDI et �1��.


4-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)phenol hydrate[(C7H6N4O)·1.5H2O,1] was synthesized by hydrothermal synthesis from 4-hydroxylphenyl cyanide.The structure was characterized by 1H NMR,IR,elemental analysis and X-ray diffraction analysis.1 belongs to monoclinic,space group C2/c with a=1.487 2(3) nm,b=0.992 3(2) nm,c=1.304 8(2) nm,β=113.724(3)°,V=1.762 8(5) nm3,Dc=1.365 g·cm-3,F(000)=760,Z=8,μ(MoKα)=0.104 mm-1,R1=0.050 5,wR2=0.117 6.There exist plentiful and strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds and π-π interaction in the crystal structure of 1.


Objective To analyze the present status and influence factors of cesarean section and to provide countermeasures.Methods We studied the data of obstetric quality investigation from 2003 to 2008 and the epidemiological survey data from three districts in Chongqing.Results The number of midwifery hospital with cesarean section increased gradually year.There was a increase trend of cesarean section rate.The first indication of cesarean section was the social factors.The impact factors of cesarean section rate were maternal age,maternal education,birth gestational age,gestational age of the first prenatal care,etc.Conclusion Cesarean section is only one of methods to solve the obstetric problem,increasing the rate of casarean section without limit is wrong.We should take appropriate measures to control and reduce the cesarean section rate.


Specific trafficking - which cells, which function? lymphocyte traffic to lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs in different species is regulated by several mechanisms the multistep paradigm and the control of lymphocyte trafficking - homing to mucosal tissues as a model adhesion molecules and the regulation of the migration of lymphocytes chemokines as regulators of leukocyte adhesion and migration the ontogeny of lymphocytes and homing to the thymus roles of a4b7 and aEb7 integrins in the interactions of lymphocytes with the intestinal mucosa T cell trafficking to skin - a paradigm for tissue-selective lymphocyte homing lymphocyte trafficking through the central nervous system.


The crude toxin protein was obtained from the seeds of bitter beans(Sophora alopecuroides L.) by the ammonium sulfate fractionation precipitation.The crude toxin protein inhibit the activity of two kinds of typical fungi.The results showed that the crude toxin protein have obvious inhibitive effect on Penicillium italicum and Alternaria alternate by 0.5 g/mL 30%,40%,and 50% ammonium sulfate fractionation precipitation treatment.The crude toxin proteins were tested for the agglutinating activity.The results showed that the antimicrobial protein of bitter beans might contain the lectin.This study may provide some scientific evidences for manufacturing antimicrobial drug and breeding transgenic antimicrobial plants.


Thank you for downloading software for use a practical guide to the models and methods of usage centered design. As you may know, people have search numerous times for their favorite novels like this software for use a practical guide to the models and methods of usage centered design, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some infectious bugs inside their computer.


The literature data are analyzed concerned with the correction of disturbances of the myocardium contraction function by a transplantation of the donor's heart, implantation of an artificial heart and cardiomyoplasty. The implantation of cardiomyocytes is considered to be a promising method.


This paper presents a performance analysis of adaptive modulation (AM) schemes in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal space-time block code (OSTBC) systems over Nakagami-M keyhole channels. We consider a constantpower variable discrete-rate AM strategy and assume that the maximum ratio combining (MRC) technique is used at the receiver. Analytical expressions for the average spectral efficiency (SE), the bit error rate (BER), and the outage probability (OP), are derived and compared to the Monte Carlo (MC) simulation results. Numerical results illustrate the impact of the keyhole on the AM scheme performance and show a good agreement between the theoretical analysis and the MC simulations.


The dispersion properties of low-frequency electromagnetic waves in metallic double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) are investigated. We assume that metallic DWCNTs are charged due to field emission, and hence metallic nanotubes can be regarded as charged dust rods surrounded by degenerate electrons and ions. Calculations are performed for transverse magnetic (TM) and transverse electric (TE) waves, respectively, by solving Maxwell and hydrodynamic equations with appropriate boundary conditions.


Objective: The objective of this paper was to ascertain the effects of Zambia's economic growth on mineral rent after the economic liberalization. The research takes a different approach from most researchers who have researched about how the mineral rent affect growth in an economy. This undertaking is the other way around of investigating how growth affects the mineral rent concept in Zambia after the economic liberalization. The nation Zambia is notable in the region for its social and political stability. Governments since 1991 have enacted comprehensive market liberalization policies. Zambia attained economic liberalization only after the 1996. A research was conducted to ascertain if Zambia's economy growth after the economic liberalization has effects on the mineral-rent. Secondary data from the World Bank data site from 1996 and 2015 was used to conduct the following tests below using Gratl (statistical data software) were mineral rent was used as a dependent variable. ❖ Dickey Fuller and Augmented DickeyFuller Test: to trend of stationarity of series. ❖ Unit Root Tests: stationarity of series ❖ Co-integration test: the relationship between variables ❖ Causality text granger test; the causal relationship between variables Finding: The result of ARDL F-statistic bounds tests conclusively revealed lack of existence of cointegrating relationship between variables under consideration namely Mineral rent and economic growth. Accordingly, the study proceeds to estimate the regression model and causality test to verify the existence of short and the long run relationships. Expectedly, the results show that economic growth has a positive and significant long run influence on mineral rent. This result is consistent with the voluminous number of previous studies arguing that economic growth presence spurs mineral rent in developing countries. In the same vein, it challenges the findings brought by a strand of well-established studies rejecting the granger causality of economic growth to mineral rent. Interestingly, the results also show that the growth elasticity of mineral rent is positive in Zambia. As predicted, improvement in growth, is found to be positively and significantly related to mineral rent. In addition, the results show that economic The International Journal of Multi-Disciplinary Research ISSN: 3471-7102, ISBN: 978-9982-70-318-5 2 Paper-ID: CFP/1570/2019 www.ijmdr.net growth has long run significant impact on mineral rent. This finding agrees with the new classical growth theory which argues that the contribution of economic growth can be only hold in the short run. With respect to the short run impact of economic growth, the results reveal that growth does not granger cause mineral rent, meaning that growth resources need a maturation period in order to offer its desirable benefits to Zambia mineral rents. Policy implications: The results obtained by this study have a number of policy implications for both Zambia and other developing countries. Firstly, Zambia as one of the highly natural resource endowed and dependent countries needs to lighten its reliance on mineral reliance as a key promoter for economic growth as indicated by the causality test results. This is because the dependence on such unguaranteed resources has severe negative consequences on the future economic performance of the country. There is need for institutional development for the country to realize much impact in terms of economic growth on the natural endowed resource. Though the country counts on the natural resource for its growth, it is important that policies should be put in place to aid institutional development otherwise the economy may be natural resource cursed country. Zambia would do well to diversify the economy as even the performance of the natural resource counts on the growth of the economy as whole. To realize sustainable development, it is essential that natural resource export policy should be reconsidered. Otherwise there is no co-integration between mineral rent and economic growth in Zambia. 1.0 CHAPTER ONE BACKGROUND


The sensory properties (taste, texture and smell) of semi-hard cheese are changing during storage. The objective of this research project was to understand which chemical processes may cause those changes by monitoring 2 types of cheese during the storage. Different analytical methods were set-up to monitor different types of key compounds (e.g. aromas…) or key properties (e.g. rheology…) of cheese. The methods developed for this project had to be as fast, automated and reliable as possible. In this project, the capability of the DHS method to monitor the changes of cheese aromas during storage was shown. The ITEX method was optimized and its potential as a DHS alternative was confirmed. Furthermore, the repeatability of the ITEX was demonstrated with the coefficients of variance being less than 6% for the aromas compounds tested (6 replicate measurements). The solvent extraction of free fatty acids from cheese was proved to be fast and repeatable (coefficient of variance of 13%, 5 replicates). The extractionâ€TMs reproducibility was very good as a two-factor ANOVA test showed no significant difference between 2 analysts. The reliable uniaxial compression method was successfully used to follow the rheological properties of cheese during storage. Finally, the SDS-PAGE method was highly efficient for monitoring the changes in protein profiles of cheese. A linear correlation (R2=0,89) between the degree of proteolysis and the degradation of the casein group measured with SDS-PAGE was confirmed. In the near future, all those methods will be further implemented to help FrieslandCampina follow better the cheese during different storage periods.


The field-dependent ionization potential is determined by calculating the dissociation energy barrier for the interaction between a cation and an electron in an electric field. A quantum-chemical method based on constrained density-functional theory (CDFT) has been established for this purpose. Here we present the field-dependent ionization potential and excitation energies for polyaromatic molecules relevant for electrically insulating liquids. In the CDFT model, we rely on that the dissociation barrier is located somewhere outside the cation. This causes problems for all molecules at sufficiently high electric fields, but for polyaromatic molecules the problems appear at lower fields as compared to previously studied molecules. This limitation has been investigated in detail and some initial results are presented for a set of polyaromatic molecules including benzene and pyrene. The importance of ionization potential and excitation energies in streamer initiation and propagation are discussed.


The novel Los Perros del Paraiso , written by the Argentinian Abel Posse, is a historical novel about the discovery of America. In this novel, the author subverts the discursive logic that built the traditional history concerning the discovery of the continent. This way, this article aimed to analyze the protagonist of Los Perros del Paraiso - Columbus - regarding the changes that he suffers along the narrative and also his representation of the human complexity. KEYWORDS: Los Perros del Paraiso ; Protagonist; Columbus.


Objective
The screw insertion and parameters of S3 ala-iliac screw fixation were introduced by 3D printing spinal pelvis model and computer software-assisted navigation.

Methods
Determine the nailing space of the S3 segment by 3D printing model and computer software related data, and select the position of the iliac screw into the needle point. Twenty of the male and female adult patients who had undergone three-dimensional pelvic CT reconstruction scans were randomly selected. The screw point O was selected, the horizontal section X was the coronal or sacral horizontal cross-section. Spherical probe into the minimum angle of the needle angle range A, the maximum angle range B and the optimal range of nailing angle Z was measured, and the needle point screwed into the screw pin length and width. The accuracy and safety of this new method of nailing were confirmed in the corresponding adult 3D printing model.

Results
The needle angle is within the range of the minimum angle OA to the maximum angle OB. If the narrowest diameter is more than 7 mm, the fixation can be safely done with a universal Iliac screw (average length 80-90 mm). The range of needle angle was (47.1±1.9)°-(56.7±1.4)° for the male X-OA-OB plane and (52.3±1.1)° for the optimal angle. The X-OA-OB plane for women was 49.6±0.8)°-(59.9±1.1)°, the best angle X-OZ range (53.7±0.8)°. The range of nail path length was (91.4±2.3) mm for OA, (89.5±4.6) mm for OB and (94.2±2.1) mm for OZ. The OA level of female was (90.4±1.9) mm, (85.6±2.3) mm, OZ plane range (96.4±1.7) mm. The statistical results showed that in the best setting angle OZ, nail angle differences (F=4.276, P 0.05). OB, male and female, nail angle differences (F=8.153, P 0.05).

Conclusion
The iliac bone screw can be safely and effectively inserted into the iliac bone via the S3 block. In theory, the iliac bone screw is safe and stable through the O-Z needle entry point. The O-Z angle is also the best in Spinal pelvis fixation.

Key words:
Spinal pelvic fixation; Iliac screw; Spiral computer navigation; 3D printing and 3D reconstruction


Parenting is a crucial environmental factor in children's social and cognitive development. This study investigated the association between parenting styles and future-oriented cognition skills in elementary school-aged children. Cross-sectional data were collected from parents of 200 Iranian elementary school aged children (6–13 years), 139 boys and 61 girls. Baumrind's Parenting Styles Questionnaire and Children's Future Thinking Questionnaire (CFTQ) were administered to parents. There was a significant positive association between authoritative parenting and children's abilities in prospective memory, episodic foresight, planning, delay of gratification, and future-oriented cognition total score. In contrast, authoritarian parenting was negatively correlated with children's abilities in planning, delay of gratification, and future-oriented cognition. Increases in authoritative parenting scores predicted better future-oriented cognition abilities in children.


Current methodologies for detection of Cryptosporidium sp. in water, despite some efforts for standardization (e.g. EPA Methods 1622/1623), has several drawback that limit the applicability or interpretation of the results of Cryptosporidium monitoring. Presence of some chemical dissolved in water, ageing of oocysts, reduced affinity of antibodies used in immunomagnetic separation (IMS) and immunofluorescent assay (IFA) results in reduced sensitivity and specificity. Against this background of molecular biology techniques used for detection of Cryptosporidium, are characterized by good sensitivity, reproducibility and acceptable cost analysis. In this paper, the authors showed the possibility of modifying the protocol of immunomagnetic isolation of oocysts and adjust its scale to the needs of a PCR reaction combined with an analysis of restriction fragments length polymorphism (RFLP-PCR). The method allows relatively rapid implementation of qualitative analysis in the direction of Cryptosporidium, combined with the identification of species. It is also connected to the determination of several pathogens (including Giardia and Toxoplasma) through a combination of antibodies used in the IMS and multiplex-PCR.


A 46-year-old man presented to this hospital with migraine headache, a 4-year history of neurologic events resulting in aphasia and hemiparesis, and a family history of two similarly affected brothers. Neuroimaging studies showed white-matter and deep gray-matter abnormalities. A diagnostic test was performed.


AbstractIn recent years a number of papers have been devoted to the topic of least squares adjustment and statistical error analysis of geodetic networks. The analytical theory behind the technique has been well established and is based on sound theoretical foundations. However, in the opinion of the author it is felt that the computational algorithms in vogue at present follow the analytical derivation too closely without paying sufficient attention to the serious numerical hazards involved. The purpose of this paper is to point out these hazards and to propose a method of circumventing them.


This research paper assess the influence of financial literacy on profitability of organizations. The data collected through questionnaire, which is adopted from different authors. The multiple regression analysis technique was utilized to obtain the results. The random sampling technique used to acquired the data. The main results of the study shows that financial literacy has a positive and statistically significant effect on profitability of firms. An unit rise would lead firms to rise their profitability. Similarly, the study indicates that debt management literacy has a positive and statistically significant effect on profitability of firms. An unit rise would lead firms to rise their profitability. KeywordsFinancial Literacy, Profitability, Nangarhar.


Making decisions that have broad societal and economic impact is extremely hard. This is especially true when the data upon which choices for future action are based are unstable or have uncertain provenance. This letter discusses the benefits of metrology, as the science of measurement, in providing data that is stable, comparable and produced using standardised methods, in enabling greater confidence in the decision-making process. A key part of this increased confidence is via providing input data with reduced uncertainty, thereby decreasing the uncertainty of future predictions. The application of these principles to the two biggest societal challenges currently, COVID-19 and climate change, is discussed, and similarities and differences of approaches highlighted. It is foreseen that the role of metrology in enabling evidence-based decision making will become increasingly more important in future. Formal agreements and memoranda of understanding between the metrology community and the relevant global technical bodies are the best way to improve data quality, reliability and comparability, and therefore the confidence with which decisions can be made. Whilst uncertainties in data may be driven down as technology and metrology improves, they can never be eliminated entirely, and we must accept some level of uncertainty in our decision making.


102 Background: The immune response to frank malignancy has been the focus of published work, but little is known about the adaptive immune response to bronchial premalignant lesions (PMLs), precursors of lung squamous cell carcinoma. This study was designed to characterize the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire in PMLs and its association with clinical, pathological and molecular features. Methods: Endobronchial biopsies (n=294) and brushings (n=137) from high-risk subjects (n=50), undergoing lung cancer screening at approximately 1-year intervals via auto fluorescence bronchoscopy and CT, were profiled by RNA-Seq as part of the Pre-Cancer Genome Atlas (PCGA). We applied the TCR Repertoire Utilities for Solid Tissue/Tumor (TRUST) tool to identify TCR CDR3 sequences in the RNA-Seq data. We quantified the ratio of private (i.e., found in one patient only) and public (i.e. found in two or more patients) TCRs that are found in curated databases with known antigen specificities. We measured the correlation of TCR diversity with previously derived PML transcriptional signatures and molecular subtypes; and with mutational burden among a subset of biopsies (n=115) also profiled with whole exome sequencing. Results: We detected 40,421 unique TCR sequences, of which 3,396 (8.4%) were found in more than one sample and 1,057 (2.6%) were found in two or more patients (i.e. Public). TCRs with known antigen specificities were enriched among public TCRs (p < 0.001). In PMLs with a proliferative molecular subtype reflective of dysplasia (n=80), TCR diversity was decreased in PMLs that regressed versus PMLs that progressed (p=0.045). TCR diversity was negatively associated with a transcriptional signature of T-cell mediated immune activation (Spearman's rho -0.26, p < 0.001) but was not associated with mutational burden. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first characterization of the TCR repertoire associated with bronchial premalignant lesions. TCR diversity may help predict the efficacy of the host immune response to PMLs but it is not associated with mutational burden. Further studies are needed to leverage these findings and explore the potential for immunoprevention of PMLs.


Historically Functional Programming FP for short has been associated with a small scope of applications mainly academic The computer science community did not pay enough attention to its potential perhaps due to the lack of e ciency of functional languages Now new theoretical developments in the eld of FP are emerging and better languages e g Haskell Concurrent and Parallel Haskell have been de ned and implemented Genetic algorithms GA are search and optimization techniques which work on a nature inspired principle the Darwinian evolution The corner idea of Darwin theory is that of natural selection The concept of natural selection is captured by GA Speci cally solutions to a given problem are codi ed in the so called chromosomes The evolution of chromosomes due to the action of crossover mutation and natural selection is simulated through computer code GA have been broadly applied and recognized as a robust search and optimization technique GA combined with a local search stage were called Memetic Algorithms after In this paper a functional framework for formal memetic algorithms is intro duced It can be easily extended by subclassi cation of the class hierarchy to provide genetic algorithm specialization memetic algorithm genetic algorithm with islands of possible solutions etc and additional genetic operators behavior To run the frame work over a particular problem a proper encoding of chromosomes should be provided with an instantiation of the genetic operators We claim that functional programming languages at least the one in which our framework has been developed Haskell have reached the necessary maturity to deal with combinatorial optimization problems


Abstract : Skill imbalances created by sudden reductions in the rated supplement force and in the number of career broadening rated officers have prompted a serious decline in the experience level of the Air Force aircraft maintenance officer force. Since junior and relatively inexperienced officers must now assume positions and responsibilities normally reserved for more seasoned and experienced maintenance managers, training and career development programs must react to provide the instruction, hone the skills, and nurture the talent necessary to meet such challenges. This seminal work reviews civilian and military literature relating to career development and reports the results of a survey of the aircraft maintenance officer population. (Author)


With river cross-section method,river seepage in the middle and upper reaches of the Heihe River was experimentally studied.It is found that the composition of channel rock,river geometry morphological and human activities changing output and input water pattern greatly effect river seepage.River seepage remarkably changes before and after water transfer in whole basin.For instance,in the sector from Yingluoxia to Bridge 312,the seepage amount was 1.2543 × 108m3 before water transfer and is 4.3747 × 108m3 after water transfer.The smaller the river discharge,the larger the water loss rate will be.One can see that the loss rate of unit river length of each reaches follows a reciprocal manner.This conclusion is drawn from experimental analysis by contrasting the observations in the upstream and downstream cross-sections of middle and upper reaches of the Heihe River,consistent with actual situation,which can be used as basis for analyzing surface water and groundwater resources transformation in the middle and upper reaches of the Heihe River,simulating groundwater flow system,and modeling repeated utilization of water resources.The conclusion also can be used to calculate seepage amount for different simulation models.


A collection of resources for getting more information about authors, book reviews, and more! Reading websites, book reivews, fun reading webpages


This section contains a list of translated text from Mul.apin that occur in the book on writing science before the Greeks. The subject of this chapter is the astronomical series MUL.APIN, which can be dated to the seventh century BCE and which represents the crowning achievement of traditional Mesopotamian observational astronomy.Keywords: Greek; Mul.apin


If species are the things that evolve at least in large part through the action of natural selection, then both genetic and phenotypic variability are essential to biological species. If all species are variable, then Homo sapiens must be variable. Hence, it is very unlikely that the human species as a biological species can be characterized by a set of invariable traits. It might be the case that at this moment in evolutionary history, all human beings happen to possess a particular set (or unimodal cluster) of traits, but if so, this will be in large part an evolutionary accident. As a result, anyone who proposes to base anything, including ethics, on human nature is basing it on historical happenstance.


Let random points X 1 (cid:2)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:2)X n be sampled in strict sequence from a continuous product distribution on Euclidean d -space. At the time X j is observed it must be accepted or rejected. The subsequence of accepted points must increase in each coordinate. We show that the maximum expected length of a subsequence selected is asymptotic to γn 1 / (cid:1) d + 1 (cid:3) and give the exact value of γ(cid:3) This extends the √ 2 n result by Samuels and Steele for d = 1.


Crocus sativus has emerged as an important crop because it is the only commercial source of saffron which contains unique apocarotenoids. Saffron is composed of dried stigmas of Crocus flower and constitutes most priced spice of the world. Crocus floral organs are dominated by different classes of metabolites. While stigmas are characterized by the presence of apocarotenoids, tepals are rich in flavonoids and anthocyanins. Therefore, intricate regulatory network might play role in allowing different compounds to dominate in different organs. Work so far done on Crocus is focussed on apocarotenoid metabolism and its regulation. There are no reports describing regulation of flavonoids and anthocyanins in Crocus tepals. In this context we identified an R2R3 transcription factor, CstMYB16 which resembles subgroup 4 repressors of Arabidopsis. CstMYB16 is nuclear localized and acts as a repressor. Over-expression of CstMYB16 in Crocus down-regulated anthocyanin biosynthesis. C2/EAR motif was responsible for repressor activity of CstMYB16. CstMYB16 binds to promoter of anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway gene (LDOX) and reduces its expression. CstMYB16 also physically interacts with CstPIF4 which in turn is regulated by temperature and circadian clock. Thus CstPIF4 integrates these signals and forms a repressor complex with CstMYB16 which is involved in negative regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in Crocus. Independent of CstPIF4, CstMYB16 also represses CstPAP1 expression which is a component of MBW complex and positively controls anthocyanin biosynthesis. This is the first report on identifying and describing regulators of anthocyanin biosynthesis in Crocus.


Flexibility and vitality are needed to keep business leading under dynamic environment. Organizational flexibility includes technological flexibility,employee flexibility,structure flexibility and cultural flexibility. Organizational vitality includes maintaining sense of crisis,breaking the balance on one's own,cultural tolerance to change,and stick with toughness. Such organization with flexibility and vitality is named as water- form organization in this paper. Organization like water can lead to sustainable business growth. In future,to become water-form organization,business should pay more attention to the following practical problems: having organization without structure in the future,believing in the power of organization,difficulties lie in human nuture,changing from top managers.


Abstract The apple aphid was reared on 1-year-old trees in a controlled environment cabinet with simulated mid-June through October 1968 daylengths and temperatures. Maximum rates of increase (ca. 2.7-fold per week) were observed during the first 5 weeks of the experiment and maximum populations were obtained in 7 weeks at the time the trees stopped growth when the diel photoperiod was 14.8 hr, and light/dark temperature was 20.5°/15.5 °C. The ratio of nymphs to adults increased from 5:1 to 10:1 from week 2 to week 8, followed by a rapid decline. At week 12 there were more adults than nymphs and the nymph:adult ratio remained 1:3 through the remainder of the experiment. Alate aphids appeared 2 weeks following infestation, increased very rapidly, ca. 6-fold per week, and maximum abundance was noted at the end of 6 weeks. Their numbers declined nearly as rapidly at ca. 0.35-fold per week and they were not seen after week 11. As the numbers of alate aphids decreased, apterous adults increased to week 12, remained constant to week 15, and slowly decreased in an environment of shorter daylengths and lower temperatures. The rate of apterous adult aphid increase was similar to the rate of accumulated degree days during the first 8 weeks and again in the 10- to 15-week period.Aphids were concentrated on the tree tops during the first 6 weeks of the experiment. A gradual migration followed and the aphids became dispersed over the trees with minor concentrations near the centers of the trees.


AIM
To evaluate the clinical non-inferiority of a 3-day-protocol of systemic antibiotics adjunctive to subgingival instrumentation (SI) compared to a 7-day-protocol in patients with stage III/IV grade C periodontitis.

METHODS
50 systemically healthy patients (32.7±4.3 years) with aggressive periodontitis (stage III/IV grade C periodontitis) were treated by SI and adjunctive amoxicillin and metronidazole randomly assigned to group A: (n=25) 500mg antibiotics 3-times-daily for 3 days, followed by placebo 3-times-daily for 4 days, or group B: (n=25) 500mg AB 3-times-daily for 7 days. Clinical, microbial and immunological parameters were assessed at baseline, 3 and 6 months, and patient-related outcomes after 2 weeks. The primary outcome variable was the number of residual sites with PD≥6mm at 6 months.

RESULTS
For the primary outcome variable (the number of residual sites with PD≥6mm at 6 months), the null hypothesis was rejected and demonstrated the non-inferiority of the 3d AB protocol compared to 7d AB (the upper limits of the 95%CI for ITT: [-2.572; 1.050] and PP: [-2.523; 1.318] were lower than the assumed margin of Δ=3.1). Comparable clinical improvements were obtained for all parameters with both antibiotic protocols (p>0.05). All investigated periodontopathogens and pro-inflammatory host-derived markers were statistically significantly reduced, without differences between the treatments (p>0.05).

CONCLUSION
These findings indicate that in patients with aggressive periodontitis (stage III/IV grade C periodontitis), a 3-day systemic administration of amoxicillin and metronidazole adjunctive to SI may lead to non-inferior clinical outcomes after 6-months with fewer adverse events compared to a 7-day-protocol.


By the MD method,tensions of three C_(240) isomers,C_(240) nanotube,linear 4C_(60) and peanut-like 4C_(60),were simulated,and,by the PM3 semi-empirical QM method,electronic structures of the three molecules were calculated.According to the obtained results,the differences and variations of FMO(Frontier Molecular Orbital) energy-levels for the three tensioned C_(240) molecules were discussed.It is shows that,(1) the load-support capabilities of the three C_(240) molecules have the order of nanotubepeanut-like 4C_(60) linear 4C_(60),but their deformation-support capabilities have the contrary order,(2) C_(240) nanotube has the best chemic-stability,and the linear 4 C_(240) molecule has the worst one,and(3) the tensioned C_(240) molecules have narrower energy-gap of their LUMO and HOMO,and more active chemic-stability.


In the decades since 1985, the Delaware Supreme Court's attitudes towards recurring third-party M&A scenarios have evolved significantly. Four areas that stand out are (i) the level of comfort with management-led, single-bidder processes, (ii) the legitimacy of defensive measures that appear designed to deter the emergence of alternative bids, (iii) the relative priority of fiduciary duties and third-party contract rights, and (iv) deference to stockholder voting. Current doctrine is much more favorable towards sell-side boards and the contract rights of third-parties. Although many factors have contributed, the two predominant reasons for these shifts are (i) the rise of sophisticated institutional investors who have the ability to influence the direction of the corporations in which they invest and determine the outcome of M&A events, and (ii) the system-wide failure of stockholder-led M&A litigation to generate meaningful benefits for investors, setting aside occasional recoveries by a small subset of the bar.


The influence of harmonics on commonly used three-phase watthour and kVA demand meters was studied using a computer-controlled three-phase test system capable of generating nonsinusoidal voltages and currents. A description of the three-phase test system and results of preliminary tests of several revenue meters are presented. The performance of the tested meters is compared with the response of time-division and thermal reference meters for different harmonic conditions, primarily field-recorded data. Errors up to 2% were observed during the testing of energy meters and up to 35% for kVA demand meters. >


In this paper a method is proposed for obtaining productivity using Malmquist Productivity Index on interval data. Using this index and also DEA models, it can be calculated to progress and regress of Decision Making Units (DMUs). With regard to data are not exact and definite, but they lie in an interval, then Malmquist Productivity Index is changed as an interval.


Learning is defined as the acquisition of information and skills and subsequent retention of the information is called memory. Dementia is one of the ages related mental problems and characteristic symptom of various neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease which is age related. It is a progressive and neurodegenerative disorder. The analysis of the anatomical and physical bases of learning and memory is one of the great successes of modern neuroscience. The action of drugs on memory is more or less specific and serious depending on the memory system affected. So the present study is therefore focused on the various types of learning and memory. Key Words: Learning, Memory, Dementia.


In the Middle East, particularly in the Arab world, the notion of a powerful media sector has been welcomed by many observers. In the developed democracies of North America, Europe and Japan, high hopes regarding the media's role as watchdogs of government are usually rivaled by skeptical views of the media's susceptibility to power and commercial interests. In most Arab countries, which are still characterized by authoritarian rule and the stagnation of political development, more is expected of the media than in the postmodern western world. Will the media articulate the voices of society and break the political near-monopoly of the state? Questions like this have been dominating the Arab media discourse in recent years. The advent of more than 200 new Arab satellite stations, the growth of the print media sectors in many countries and the younger generation's fascination for the media have helped a new public sphere to emerge in the Arab world. The foundation of the modern Arab nation-state after World War I has been followed, almost a century later, by the introduction of a media space that, however tendentious and restricted it might still be, allows for open debate on deepseated taboos within Arab societies. Not only the now famous panArab television network Al-Jazeera covers "hot issues"; regular programs such as Egyptian television soaps (so-called musalsal) also openly discuss sensitive topics like rape and the social stigmatization of women in Arab societies. Moreover, they debate politics now. Many analysts from around the world are fascinated in particular by Arab satellite television's ability to demonstrate that Arab culture is not as hierarchical and traditional as many people had thought,


Background propylene glycol mannate sulfate(PGMS) is thought to have a suppressive effect on the proliferation of lens epithelial cells (LECs) in vitro.But its optimal active time and concentration are unclear.Objective Present study was to investigate the inhibition of propylene glycol mannate sulfate (PGMS) to the survival and growth of LECs in the capsular bag in vitro.Methods Capsular bags of lens were prepared from pureblooded white rabbit eyes after extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) and incubated in Eagle's minimal essential medium supplemented with 5% fetal calf serum for 7 days.Different concentrations of PGMS (0.2 g/L,0.4 g/L,0.8 g/L) were added into the medium for 2,5,10 minutes respectively.The growth of lens epithelial cells (LECs) in capsular bags was examined at 24-hour interval under the inverted microscope.The total areas of posterior capsule,coverage area of posterior capsule by LECs were calculated in the seventh day.Hemotoxylin and eosin staining was performed for the histological examination,and the ultrastructure of LECs on the capsule bag was observed under the transmission electron microscope.The capsular bags without PGMS served as controls.Result Rabbit LECs grew and proliferated in 3 days after culture with the cobblestone-like appearance and reached 100% coverage rate in posterior capsule on the 7th day in control group.Considerably difference was seen in the LECs coverage area between each test group and control group (P0.05).Histological examination revealed that normally lined LECs were displayed on the capsular bag in control group and 0.2 g/L PGMS group,but at the threshold protocol of incubation in PGMS at 0.8 g/L for 5 minutes or 10 minutes,proliferative activity of the cells was largely arrested and nearly no cell was seen on the posterior capsule.Under the transmission electron microscope,the LECs in the control group were tightly arrayed with well-defined cellular boundary and structure;while cellular deformity and undefined intracelluar structure could be seen in 0.4 and 0.8 g/L PGMS groups.Conclusion PGMS can effectively suppress the proliferation of rabbit LECs in a time-and concentration-dependent manner.These results indicate that PGMS has a prevention effect on posterior capsule opacification.


OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Annals of the Smithsonian Institution. SERIES COVER DESIGN: Leaf clearing from the katsura tree Cercidiphyllum japonicum Siebold and Zuccarini. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Kealhofer, Lisa. p. cm. (Smithsonian contributions to botany ; no. 88) Opal phytoliths in Southeast Asian flora / Lisa Kealhofer and Dolores R. Piperno. Includes bibliographical references. 1. Angiosperms-Cytotaxonomy-Thailand. 2. Angiosperms-Cytotaxonomy-Asia, Southeastern. 3. Phytoliths-Thailand. 4. Phytoliths-Asia, Southeastern. I . Piperno, Dolores R. 11. Title. 111. Series. QK364.K435 1998 571.6'82'095Mc21 98-38793 CIP @ The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials 239.48-1984.


We examine the spatial distribution of motile zooplankton moving with a variety of idealized random motility modes. The aggregation of organisms is examined for situations where the parameters governing random motility are cued to a heterogeneous environment and vary spatially. While spatial variation in swimming speed v, always leads to aggregation, spatial variations in the duration of swimming bouts T, only leads to aggregation for some motility modes. At steady state, the concentration of organisms is proportional to 1/v and independent of τ for an organism that continually adjusts its motility in response to local conditions (random cruise motility). In comparison, an organism that sets its motility only at the start of a run (random jump motility) reaches a steady state concentration proportional to 1/(τυ 2 ). For an encounter-pause random motility, steady state concentration is proportional to [1 + (pause interval)(encounter rate)]. The latter incorporates the sensory ability and swimming behaviour exhibited by many pelagic copepods. Biodffusion is a poor descriptor of random motility as it does not distinguish between the behavioural components that bring about accumulation of organisms. Mathematical formalism is provided to link individual-based random motility to macroscale phenomenology as encapsulated in appropriate advection diffusion equations.


We report studies of the relationships between the total bolometric luminosity ($L_{\rm bol}$ or $L_{\rm TIR}$) and the molecular line luminosities of $J=1-0$ transitions of H$^{13}$CN, H$^{13}$CO$^+$, HCN, and HCO$^+$ with data obtained from ACA observations in the "ATOMS" survey of 146 active Galactic star forming regions. The correlations between $L_{\rm bol}$ and molecular line luminosities $L'_{\rm mol}$ of the four transitions all appear to be approximately linear. Line emission of isotopologues shows as large scatters in $L_{\rm bol}$-$L'_{\rm mol}$ relations as their main line emission. The log($L_{\rm bol}$/$L'_{\rm mol}$) for different molecular line tracers have similar distributions. The $L_{\rm bol}$-to-$L'_{\rm mol}$ ratios do not change with galactocentric distances ($R_{\rm GC}$) and clump masses ($M_{\rm clump}$). The molecular line luminosity ratios (HCN-to-HCO$^+$, H$^{13}$CN-to-H$^{13}$CO$^+$, HCN-to-H$^{13}$CN and HCO$^+$-to-H$^{13}$CO$^+$) all appear constant against $L_{\rm bol}$, dust temperature ($T_{\rm d}$), $M_{\rm clump}$ and $R_{\rm GC}$. Our studies suggest that both the main lines and isotopologue lines are good tracers of the total masses of dense gas in Galactic molecular clumps. The large optical depths of main lines do not affect the interpretation of the slopes in star formation relations. We find that the mean star formation efficiency (SFE) of massive Galactic clumps in the "ATOMS" survey is reasonably consistent with other measures of the SFE for dense gas, even those using very different tracers or examining very different spatial scales.


In the summer of 2018, in Montreal, two shows staged by the internationally acclaimed director Robert Lepage had caused a clash between two groups: major artists on one side, representatives of minority groups on the other side. This resulted in unprecedented demonstrations and accusations of "cultural appropriation," at first against Lepage, and later against the distinguished Théâtre du Soleil director Ariane Mnouchkine. The two shows were SLÃV, written with the songs of black slaves, and Kanata, which tells the history of Canada from the point of view of people of the First Nations.


A novel approach to fabricate flexible organic solar cells is proposed without indium tin oxide (ITO) and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) using junction‐free metal nanonetworks (NNs) as transparent electrodes. The metal NNs are monolithically etched using nanoscale shadow masks, and they exhibit excellent optoelectronic performance. Furthermore, the optoelectrical properties of the NNs can be controlled by both the initial metal layer thickness and NN density. Hence, with an extremely thin silver layer, the appropriate density control of the networks can lead to high transmittance and low sheet resistance. Such NNs can be utilized for thin‐film devices without planarization by conductive materials such as PEDOT:PSS. A highly efficient flexible organic solar cell with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.6% and high device yield (93.8%) is fabricated on PEDOT‐free and ITO‐free transparent electrodes. Furthermore, the flexible solar cell retains 94.3% of the initial PCE even after 3000 bending stress tests (strain: 3.13%).


We're going to model the grand unification scheme base on a restricted and primitive set of mathematical properties. This procedure carries limitations but using current day tools will unveil unique insights.


The outsourcing is being used to reduce work on activities not related to production activities. Nowadays, the models of contracts of maintenance use the repair time and the cost of maintenance activities as main control indicator to estimate the political of incentives. The main objective of this paper is to introduce a model of incentives considering other variables that affect substantially the profit and that they are affected by the maintenance activities as the quality of products produced and the reduction of production capacity. The paper uses the Principal-Agent Theory to develop an incentive contract that leads the agent to execute activities that maximize the profit. It is used a numerical example in order to highlight the positive impact on company results, in addition to the generalization and adaptation of the model.


The London School of Economics wanted to remove cataloguing inconsistencies but the scale of the task was huge, and outsourcing to a specialist bibliographic services company proved only a partial solution. Helen Williams explains why manual and automated processes were needed.


Objective
To investigate the prevalence of systemic fungal infection in patients at autopsy and its association with clinical data.

Methods
The materials from unselected adult patients were examined at necropsy in our hospital from 1971 to 2000,and the fungal species were identified by their morphologies in pathology.The clinical and pathological data were compared.

Results
The rate of fungal infection was 7.8%(31/396) among 396 cases.Seventeen(54.8%) of the 31 cases were infected with aspergillus.The frequencies of organs involved with fungal infection were 83.87% in lungs,48.39% in kidneys,35.48% in brain and 29.03% in heart,respectively.The fungal infection attributed directly to death in 21 cases.

Conclusion
Systemic fungal infection is one of the most common fatal causes among the critically ill patients,and aspergillosis becomes a major pathogenic fungus for patients with systemic fungal infection at autopsy.

Key words:
Mycoses; Autopsy


Purpose: Autologous fat transfer is an effective tool for volume restoration to the aging face. Although numerous reports exist regarding injection site complications, there is limited data on donor-site morbidity in the cosmetic surgery literature. Methods: This study is a large-scale retrospective review to determine incidence of fat harvest-site complications, identify risk factors, and describe management strategies. Records of all patients who underwent autologous fat harvesting and facial grafting at a single oculofacial plastic surgery practice from 2010 to 2019 were reviewed. Patient demographics and clinical data were collected and assessed. A statistical analysis was performed using a two-tailed T-test with p values of <0.05 considered significant. Results: Four-hundred sixteen patients were followed for an average of 6.2 months postoperatively. There was an overall 5.5% harvest-site complication rate. There was no correlation of harvest-site complications with gender (p = 0.249) or age (p = 0.881). Harvest location did not significantly correlate with complication rate. The most common complications were contour irregularities, prolonged induration, and prolonged erythema. Low body mass index was associated with higher complication rate (p = 0.003), even when excluding those patients with contour irregularities (p = 0.001). Various treatment modalities were used to manage donor-site morbidity with consistent improvement. Conclusions: Autologous fat transfer used for facial volume augmentation has low donor-site morbidity. Minor harvest-site complications occur more commonly in patients with low body mass index, irrespective of age, gender, or fat source. Autologous fat transfer effectively restores volume and carries a low risk of donor-site morbidity. Minor harvest-site complications occur more commonly in patients with low BMI, irrespective of age, gender, or donor fat source.


Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) made of yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) are frequently used in gas turbines to improve their efficiency. Coatings typically applied on combustion chamber parts with a thickness of more than about 500 mm often contain segmentation cracks. This type of cracks considerably improve the thermal cyclic life of the thick TBCs. Segmentation cracks can be directly introduced into the coatings during the plasma-spraying process. The influence of the most important process parameters as substrate temperature and passage thickness on the segmentation crack density will be described in detail. In addition to the coatings with thickness values of about 1 mm also thin coatings with segmentation cracks have been developed. This type of coating might also be favourable for an application on blades and vanes of gas turbines. The thermal cycling performance of all coatings was tested in gas burner test facilities. The thick, segmented TBCs almost reached the performance of conventionally sprayed thin TBCs. The thin, segmented TBCs showed an excellent performance at surface temperatures above 1300°C which was considerably better than that of conventionally sprayed thin TBCs. Possible explanations for the observed improvement of the thermal cycling behaviour by the introduction of segmentation cracks will be given. Abstract only; no full-text paper available.


This research aims to investigate the influence of TikTok, as one of the most widely used social media, and its relationship with narcissism and bandwagon effect on conspicuous consumption among Gen Y or Millennials and Gen Z. Although the impact of social media usage, such as Facebook, Instagram, and YouTube; on conspicuous consumption is well known, little was known whether TikTok, which emphasizes on short videos with various filters and massive music library, has similar impact. The relationships between TikTok and narcissism as well as bandwagon effect that are associated with conspicuous consumption is also little discussed in research. The data for this research are collected through an online survey from 107 Indonesian Gen Y and Gen Z respondents that regularly use TikTok. The result shows that TikTok usage positively affects conspicuous consumption, and that bandwagon effect positively mediates TikTok usage and conspicuous consumption. It also shows that narcissism negatively mediates TikTok usage and conspicuous consumption. This research proves that TikTok, especially among younger generations, is important for luxury brand strategies as it gives a positive impact to the bandwagon effect among users, thus adding to the urge to buy luxury products.


Quality within the manufacturing industry is welldefined. A product's measured characteristics should all be within the pre-determined specifications that are set by functional and design requirements. In the sports industry, a measure of "quality" is often more obscure. While the result in sports is similar to manufacturing (a "good product" wins and a "bad product" loses), the individual components that contribute to the successful outcome are difficult to discriminate without quality control in place at every step in the production line. The Game Insight Group (GIG) showcases how a unique partnership between sports industry and academia has tackled this challenge, leading to numerous advancements in performance (quality) monitoring of professional tennis players. The article begins with a brief history of the use of statistics in sports and notes that while innovation in sport statistics has a long history, adoption by media outlets and professional organizations has only grown more recently (Baker and Kwartler 2015). While a change in thinking in many sports is well underway, a concern remains in how to properly integrate advanced statistical analysis into traditional sport evaluation. As an example, in January of 2016 the Cleveland Browns hired Paul DePodesta as the chief strategy officer and Sashi Brown as the de facto general manager, both Harvard graduates with a desire to incorporate more advanced statistical analysis into the organization's decision making. Following a combined 1–31 record by the team over the past two seasons, the Browns fired Sashi in favor of a tradition football expert, John Dorsey. Is this a sign that organizations in certain sports simply cannot be built largely on analytics or evidence that the correct balance must be attained between those with statistical knowledge and the subject matter experts? While the manuscript points out that the specifics on how each club balances the dichotomy between statisticians and traditional sports experts have remained obscure due to the secretive nature of competitive sports, it also highlights a successful model in tennis. What makes Game Insight Group (GIG) unique is that the investment comes from both the tennis industry (Tennis Australia) and academia (Victoria University) in an equal split. This structure is designed to help foster statistical innovation in tennis while including premier subject matter experts and targeting the statistical methodology to the specific needs of the industry. As long as both parties (industry and academia) understand that neither side takes precedence, this appears to be the perfect collaboration. However, hard deadlines within industry and the necessity of publication within academia could eventually lead to a power struggle between the two entities, with the statisticians caught in the middle. How has GIG prioritized tasks to appease both investors and how often must the deliverables be re-evaluated? Overall GIG appears to be a shining example for the advancement of statistics in sports. The interest in collaboration from multiple universities and institutes highlights the success GIG has experienced early in its creation. Unfortunately, little collaboration exists with entities outside of Australia which questions whether this model can be successful elsewhere. Is the lack of international collaboration a result of a lower popularity of tennis in other countries or an unwillingness for international universities and institutions to participate in this type of collaboration? As an initial point of discussion, Australia ranks as the top nation in tennis popularity as measured by Google Trends, while the USA ranks twelfth. GIG has many functions, but the primary effort is spent on research. Given the importance of winning in sports, it is unsurprising that one of their first research projects was to identify the state-of-the-art match forecasting algorithm for tennis. The Elo ratings system


Some application problems in functional anlaysis course be researched,functional analysis application in wavelet theory be expounded, some examples be given to explain orthonormality,adjoint operator,orthonormal projection operator,converges in norm and weak* sense how to be used on wavelet theory.


The 1H NMR-spectra of MMA oligomers with two phenoxydiphenylmethyl end groups, 1, are discussed. The syndiotactic and isotactic dimers and two heterotactic and one syndiotactic trimer could be identified, whereas no isotactic trimer was found.


While every interpretation is culturally particular and context-specific, the critical assessment of the hermeneutical principles and social consequences of real examples from different cultures may facilitate fresh readings of the scripture with more creative imagination, theological integrity and ethical responsibility. This essay investigates three infl uential interpretations of Matthew's Gospel by well-known Christian leaders in China: Hong Xiuquan, Wu Leichuan and Watchman Nee. Different theological orientations notwithstanding, they all highlight Jesus' role as 'saviour and teacher' and favour the Sermon on the Mount. The strategies that they use to appropriate Matthew's Gospel and to make Jesus relevant show what it takes to ensure a sound hermeneutical process. They also bring to the table of Matthean scholarship insight into the roles that Jesus plays in the Gospel narrative and in various socio-cultural settings. Finally, they provide interesting cases for a brief reflection on cross-cultural readings and post-colonial criticism that have fascinated recent biblical scholars.


Garcinia tetranda Pierre (Clusiaceae) is a plant that is widely used to treat various diseases and its chemical compounds has not been much studied. Compound isolation using the three methods of chromatography (Vacuum Liquid Chromatography Column (VLCC), preparative Thin Layer Chromatography (pTLC) and TLC) generate novel compound 5,7,4 ', 5'', 7'', 3''', 4 '''-heptahidroksi-2'''-methoxy-flavanon (3,8)-flavone'' which is different from the compounds that had been found previously in Garcinia tetranda Pierre. Structure identification was conducted using UV, IR and NMR spectroscopic data and by comparing the 13 C and 1 H-NMR data of the isolate compound and known biflavonoid compounds. Biogenesis pathway analysis of the new compound showing relationship with molecular compounds which have previously been found in Garcinia. Antibacterial test of the novel compound using Kirby-Bauer agar diffusion methode against Gram-negative bacteria Salmonella typhi showed that the compound is not potentially used as antibacterial agent compared to chloramphenicol.


The article discusses the specifics of increasing the creative activity of students in grades X and XI, the importance of relying on students' "imagination" in the teaching of natural sciences, including physics.At the same time, teaching physics develops students' "imagination", "creative thinking" and "full thinking" skills. This is based on the importance of visualizing topics and that the Mind Map is the most effective way to accomplish this task.The article presents the most interesting and at the same time the most powerful "imagination" of physics, the "Nature of Light" mind maps. This Mind Map not only helps to understand the essence of the "corpuscular wave of light" dualism, but also provides practical assistance in developing students' "imagination" and "creative thinking" skills.The article also discusses the assessment of "full thinking" skills of high school graduates, comparing their "full thinking" skills in times of crisis. A chart based on such a comparison, on the one hand, provides parents with information about their children's "full thinking" skills, and on the other hand, allows employers to invite such talented students as future professionals.


Medical Education has its peculiarities, particularly in different countries. This study aims to explain the comparison of medical education in Indonesia and America. This comparison is explained from several aspects: the purpose of education, length of time to study, the peculiarities of the education system, curriculum and learning system, educational evaluation system, and the advantages of the education system. The results of the literature study show that each country has its advantages. In Indonesia, there is only one type of general practitioner. In America, there are two types of general practitioners. The length of time for completing medical education in Indonesia is faster than in America, but more cases of disease and learning facilities in America. It is hoped that there will be more centers of excellence for certain diseases in Indonesia, which will become a learning tool for medical students.


This paper explores several restrictions imposed for decades by financial regulation upon competition, as well as the tolerance and limited enforcement of antitrust law in the financial sector in the United States and European Union by reviewing the cases in each one of these jurisdictions. It is argued that nowadays these regulatory restrictions are no longer required and instead, a risk-based regulation and supervision is to be implemented and


This paper offers an overview study of small world problem. We emphasize on introducing the basic concepts, and the empirical analysis and results of related literatures. We surveyed from Milgram's original experiments on small world problem to the current empirical study conducted by Leskovec on the large data sets on Microsoft messenger to uncover the structure and model of small world network. Keywords—  small world, six degree separation, random graph, power-law distribution.


We describe rapid prototyping of a micro-channel branching network into silicon wafer with a femtosecond pulsed fiber laser. The branching network is designed as a blood oxygenator. This network bifurcates according to Murray's Law over 9 generations with depths ranging from 50µm to 320µm, and satisfies the necessity of equal path lengths. In development of such micro-fluidic structures, Minimal thermal damage and associated debris of femtosecond pulses provides better machined quality and resolution than IR nanosecond pulses. In combination with a galvanometric scanning system, overall fabrication speed is increased using a high repetition rate femtosecond laser. Influences of operating parameters, such as the pulse energy, the focal position, the scan speed, and the number of scan passes, on the depth and the surface roughness of micro-channels are investigated. Based on the result, combinations of laser parameters are selected to realize designed branching networks.We describe rapid prototyping of a micro-channel branching network into silicon wafer with a femtosecond pulsed fiber laser. The branching network is designed as a blood oxygenator. This network bifurcates according to Murray's Law over 9 generations with depths ranging from 50µm to 320µm, and satisfies the necessity of equal path lengths. In development of such micro-fluidic structures, Minimal thermal damage and associated debris of femtosecond pulses provides better machined quality and resolution than IR nanosecond pulses. In combination with a galvanometric scanning system, overall fabrication speed is increased using a high repetition rate femtosecond laser. Influences of operating parameters, such as the pulse energy, the focal position, the scan speed, and the number of scan passes, on the depth and the surface roughness of micro-channels are investigated. Based on the result, combinations of laser parameters are selected to realize designed branching networks.


This is a survey of the $cd$-index of Eulerian partially ordered sets. The $cd$-index is an encoding of the numbers of chains, specified by ranks, in the poset. It is the most efficient such encoding, incorporating all the affine relations on the flag numbers of Eulerian posets. Eulerian posets include the face posets of regular CW spheres (in particular, of convex polytopes), intervals in the Bruhat order on Coxeter groups, and the lattices of regions of oriented matroids. The paper discusses inequalities on the $cd$-index, connections with other combinatorial parameters, computation, and algebraic approaches.


Impurity flow reversal based on coinjected neutral beams and on electron cyclotron resonance heating are considered as possible mechanisms for alpha ash removal from tokamak reactors. Both formalisms are applied to the TIBER-II parameters and preliminary results are reported.


At the turn of culture and economics, cultural and creative industries (CCIs) stimulate business, technology, and society and drive innovations within individual regions, as well as on a cross-border level. This makes CCIs and thus culture, creativity, and design significant elements of the modern, post-industrial, and knowledge-based economy. The purpose of the paper is to outline the expectations and needs of entrepreneurs in both the creative and traditional sectors for the future cooperation and implementation of cross-sectoral innovations. It is assumed that there are no guidelines on establishing a cross-sectorial process for the efficient transfer of knowledge for innovation between the two sectors, establishing a strong platform of international cooperation for innovations in the region. To obtain information in this area quantitative and qualitative research was done. A series of expert interviews were conducted, and empirical expert observations were made in the form of qualitative surveys and expert assessments. The presented results are based on the summary reports of empirical research activities. The results of the analysis allowed us to determine that the assumption was true and that representatives of both the traditional and creative sectors lack proven models of cooperation and commercialization for joint innovations.


The paper presents a new method allowing us to express, in financial terms, the contribution of certain measures undertaken in the network that result in increasing the reliability of electricity supply to customers. This method is based on the potential of reducing the costs of supply interruptions. Simulation tools elaborated by EGU Brno, a. s. which respect the non- homogeneity of the numbers and durations of supply interruptions on individual feeders are used for this purpose. The results obtained follow from the distribution of annual numbers of supply interruptions on feeders and from the distribution of their durations reflecting the real situation on a given group of feeders. The costs of supply interruptions are calculated based on customer's standards of electricity supply continuity. Practical application of the method is demonstrated by using an example of applying a slow auto-reclosing in a 22 kV overhead distribution network and of installing telecontrolled switching elements on a model 22 kV feeder.


A method of prolonging the average lifespan of downhole tools that includes circulating the wellbore fluid comprising a base fluid and at least one of a micronized weighting agent and a dispersant coated weighting agent through the wellbore; wherein the wellbore fluid is characterized as having at least one of an equivalent weight, an equivalent or lower settling rate, and an equivalent or lower sag than a baseline wellbore fluid comprising a base fluid and an API-grade barite weighting agent; and wherein the wellbore fluid reduces abrasive wear of the downhole tool as compared to drilling with the baseline wellbore fluid is disclosed.


The purpose of this article is to apply a method, previously discussed in some detail, to the solving of standard elementary problems in the Calculus of Variations and to show how rapidly the solutions can be derived by introducing (p, r) and certain other coordinates. In each case a Lagrange undetermined multiplier is introduced in the course of the solution, so that the problem if not already an isoperimetrical problem is converted to one.


The working principle and design methods about gas flow standard facilities by master meter method were discussed.The pressure loss of the pipe and the selection of the fans were analyzed.The distribution of the facility uncertainty was calculated.The selection of the temperature transmitter and pressure transmitter was made.The flow rate stability test and vortex flow-meter calibration test were given.It's important to the popularity of the facility and important to improve the research of the flow-meter.


In the article human body as a clash territory for nature and culture fundamentals is analyzed. By including "homo bodily" in sociocultural environment the body acquires – in addition to its own nature specified features – qualities and characteristics generated by social and cultural impacts. Correlation assessment of spiritual and bodily in a human being, beauty ideals, perception of health and unhealthiness are unequal in different cultures. Choice of "bodily behaviour" for each person includes recognition of sociocultural impact upon the human body, as well as targeted forming of own physical image according to the prevalent norms, traditions or against them. A person of the present refers to searching for his "self" through "body disintegration and decomposition" and this is visually demonstrated by aggressive somatic decorations which are symbolic attribute of our times. Another most important problem of the contemporary cultural and historic stage is a measure of acceptability of artificial (cultural) interference in the biological nature of a human being. In these circumstances discussions of human body ecology become topical as never before.


Abstract : Over the last 50 years, the number of cancer related deaths has decreased by only 2%. To achieve reduced breast cancer mortality, it is critical to develop early detection and intervention of breast cancer development at early stages of cancer initiation. This requires better understanding of the critical molecular alterations driving early lesions (atypia) to progress to cancer and developing new interventions based on the observed alterations. Although tamoxifen (Tam) has shown efficacy in prevention of ER+ breast cancers, but they remain ineffective for ER- cancer, therefore new agents are needed to prevent ER- breast cancer. More than 60% of total breast cancer patients are ER-, PRand HER-2+. However, there are approximately 15% of all types of breast cancer in women who do not express ER , PR, and HER-2 (5). ER- breast cancer is associated with either HER2-overexpressing (HER2+) luminal-type, or EGFR-overexpressing (EGFR+) basal-type, and other signaling events dysregulating ER pathway. Recently, the crosstalk between the ligand bound ER and the tyrosine kinase Src has been reported in breast cancer cells, which appears to enhance the proteasomal degradation of ER . In this study, it has been shown that transfection of Src into MCF-7 cells resulted in decreased levels of ER protein, but not mRNA. Moreover, they showed that it may be in a subset of ER - breast cancer with activated Src may lead to the ER - phenotype. Clinical-pathologic studies have shown elevated c-Src protein levels and/or activity in about 70% of primary human breast and other epithelial tumors, often associated with ErbB2 or EGFR overexpression. Studies from our lab have shown that activation of ErbB2 and downstream signaling pathways can lead to increased Src protein synthesis and decreased Src protein degradation leading to Src up-regulation and activation, which play critical roles in ErbB2-mediated breast cancer invasion and metastasis. Therefore we hypothesized that Src may play impor


irrelevant to the social situation. Ritual actions, backward movements and limited interests were also noticed. The was diagnosed with Asperger syndrome. to he status of the disabled per-son and to job.


It is evident that we have here only a very small portion of the coloured glass originally in the church ; nor is it known in which windows it was placed. There is a record, however, that in 1846 there was coloured glass in the east window, and some must have been in the Perpendicular windows of the nave, since the figures of St. Catherine and St. Thomas exactly filled the small panels of the present window without any alteration.


The woman who carries Garbha is referred to as a Garbhini, another word "Paricharya" comes from the root "Chara-gatau" and the prefix "Pari". The term "Garbhini Paricharya" resembles care provided to pregnant women in a required and appropriate manner. The Ayurvedic month-by-month Paricharya helps the foetus to grow and develop in a healthy way. Garbhini paricharya involves prenatal care which includes all conducts like Ahara and Vihara. The religious fasting, regular daily activity, specialized nutritional regimen and psychological activities, etc offers several health benefits to the mother as well as fetus. The
medical care and psychological support from conception to completion of pregnancy gives birth of healthy baby and also restore health of mother. The basic elements of Garbhini Paricharya are Masanumasik Pathaya, Garbhopaghatakar Bhavas and Garbhasthapak Dravyas, etc. The Ahara, Yoga and medicine, etc. are planned in coordinated ways for improving health of mother as well as foetus.


Maternity Blues (MB) is a clinic phenomenon widely recognized worldwide. However, despite the great interest showed by various researchers over the past 50 y...


Background: Despite the efficacy of allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT), the role of trained immunity and tolerance in this process has not been elucidated. Objective: Here, we have performed a comprehensive longitudinal analysis of the systemic innate immune cell repertoire during the course of AIT. Methods: Patients with allergy received standard preseasonal subcutaneous AIT with allergoids to birch and/or grass. Healthy controls were monitored without any intervention. Flow cytometry of innate lymphoid cell (ILC), natural killer cell, monocyte cell, and dendritic cell (DC) subsets was performed at baseline, 3 months (birch season), 6 months (grass seasons), and 12 months after the therapy in patients or at similar seasonal time points in controls. Additional analyses were performed in the third-year birch and grass season.Results: We observed a durable decrease in group 2 ILCs and an increase of group 1 ILCs after AIT, with dynamic changes in their composition. We found that an expansion of CD127 1 CD25 11 clusters caused observed shifts in the heterogeneity of group 1 ILCs. In addition, we observed development of CD127 1 CD25 11 c-Kit 1 group 3 ILC clusters. Moreover, we found an increase in the number of intermediate monocytes in parallel with a reduction in nonclassical monocytes during the first year after AIT. Classical and intermediate monocytes presented significant heterogeneity in patients with allergy, but AIT reduced the HLA-DR 11 clusters. Finally, an increase in plasmacytoid DCs and CD141 1 myeloid DCs was observed in individuals with allergy, whereas the number of CD1c 1 myeloid DCs was reduced during the first year of AIT. Conclusion: AIT induces changes in the composition and heterogeneity of circulating innate immune cells and brings them to the level observed in healthy individuals. Monitoring of ILCs, monocytes, and DCs during AIT might serve as a novel biomarker strategy. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021;147:1865-77.)


China is a multinational country with various kinds of ethnic languages.Nevertheless,ethnic minority languages are at the edge of extinction and it is urgent to protect ethnic languages and cultures.Children of ethnic minorities in China have advantages in language ability for they not only master their own ethnic language,but also master languages of other minorities as well as Chinese.They are bilingual or even multilingual.So,we should understand and explore their potentials in language ability,adopt various methods in education,enhance bilingual education and protect inheritance and development of ethnic languages and cultures.


The writer discusses the recent paintings of Howard Hodgkin. The artist has stated that he is seeking more "actuality" in his recent paintings, and indeed, in a group of paintings finished in the past couple of years, an earlier concern with human subjects, memory, and emotion has yielded to the presence of simple objects—a shift from an existential to a more ontological form of painting. This new objecthood reveals a more direct engagement both with things and nature, and consolidates a new period in Hodgkin's work, a remarkable achievement for a painter who has been working for some 60 years. The writer discusses some examples of these recent paintings.


In semiconductor manufacturing, fabrication processes and their materials should be properly co-optimized to achieve required processing results. Unfortunately, it is a very time-consuming procedure, because the number of possible combinations of process/material candidates is very large. Here, we develop a methodology for co-optimization of processes and their materials. We successfully constructed a prediction model for dry-etching of high-k materials (R2)>0.65). By trying only <0.00001% of all possible process/material candidates with this model and Bayesian optimization, we can find new combinations of gasses and their processes for 15-20 times higher etching rates than that with a traditional gas/process condition.