A 69-year-old man with a previous history of extensive anteroseptal infarction developed hoarseness and an aortic arch aneurysm with a maximum diameter of 80 mm was found. The patient had been frequently admitted for heart failure, and echocardiography showed that the left ventricular ejection fraction had decreased to 21.5%. We performed aortic arch replacement with the patient's heart beating using continuous coronary perfusion by retroperfusion via the coronary sinus and antegrade perfusion via the aortic root. The postoperative hemodynamics were stable and the patient made a good recovery without any major complication. Beating-heart aortic arch replacement may be a promising method in a patient with severely impaired ventricular function who is at a risk of deterioration after cardioplegic arrest. (Jpn. J. Vasc. Surg., 14: 729-732, 2005)


A 2 x 2 x 2 factorial design involving sex of superintendents, sex of applicants, and national origin of applicants (Hispanic vs. non-Hispanic) is used to assess screening decisions for a middle school principalship. Screening decisions are analyzed from a sequential model to capture selection as a process. Results indicate that biases surface early for male superintendents relative to the national origin of job candidates. Our research indicates the playing field for Hispanic job candidates is less than level for leadership positions at middle schools when assessed by male public school superintendents even when Hispanic job candidates are equally qualified as compared to their non-Hispanic counterparts.


This paper presents an idea to bring crowdsourcing to a higher level, for the purpose of acquiring valuable machine translation and natural language processing resources. In the proposed scenario, students are being educated in order to improve the quality and effectiveness of their natural language processing (NLP) related work. Their motivation is ensured by introducing an element of gamification – a ranking is kept, where the best contributing users are decorated with medals. The ranking is available at all times to all users and is always up-to-date, hence the effects of the contributions are immediately visible to the users. This scenario was applied to a group of students enrolled in Natural Language Processing course, who were presented with a task of collecting parallel corpora for less-resourced language pairs, in this case Croatian-English and English-Croatian. The whole experiment was supervised with the help of a custom-made open-source system named TMrepository, developed and maintained by the authors of this paper.


America Is Elsewhere: The Noir Tradition in the Age of Consumer Culture Erik Dussere. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014.Erik Dussere's America Is Elsewhere: The Noir Tradition in the Age of Consumer Culture, winner of the 2014 Edgar Award for Best Critical/Biographical Work, examines literary and cinematic noir from the 1940s to the present in terms of the confrontation it stages between "two versions of America" (4), one defined by consumer culture and the other in opposition to it. According to Dussere, it is this "animating ideological core" (185), rather than a specific set of visual and narrative conventions, that gives the category of noir coherence.The study opens with an analysis of postwar hardboiled fiction and film noir that sets up this tension between consumer culture and authenticity. A section on Raymond Chandler examines how the hardboiled detective hero comes to embody an ideal of American authenticity: classless, solitary, and autonomous. This figure stands outside of mainstream consumer society, sardonically observing its degradations.The book's examination of cinematic postwar noir focuses especially on visual representations of confrontation between commerce and authenticity. For example, in his analysis of the iconic "Jerry's Market" scenes in Double Indemnity, the supermarket functions as a synecdoche for American consumer culture, its blandness serving as a counterpoint to the deviant, exciting lives of the story's criminal protagonists.Dussere continues to track this opposition between mainstream consumerism and marginalized authenticity through conspiracy texts of the Sixties and Seventies, where the investigator protagonists of thrillers such as The Parallax View are rendered ineffectual witnesses to pervasive corruption. He distinguishes these conspiracy narratives from those of Pynchon's California trilogy, beginning with The Crying of Lot 49, which retains the idea of an authentic American elsewhere-one that lurks just beneath society's surfaces, that is populated by those who define themselves in opposition to mainstream America, and that Pynchon aligns with "a homegrown Left tradition" (133).The book continues its exploration of this "Two Americas model" (161) with a comparison of Sam Greenlee's The Spook Who Sat by the Door and Chester Himes's Plan B, in which the black ghetto, existing apart from the suburban mainstream, is figured as an alternative space that "concentrates black frustration" (174). …


In these lively, timely, and contentious essays J.L. Granatstein takes on one of the ?hoary central myths? of Canadian history and historiography: that the Liberals sold out Canada to the United States. It is a myth, he claims, perpetuated by Conservative historians such as David Creighton and George Grant, and by socialists like James Laxer. The original villain of this long-running melodrama is not the Liberals, the author maintains, but Britain. Focusing on events surrounding the first and second world wars and the old War, Granatstein argues that Canadian governments, both Liberal and Conservative, turned to the south of economic ties only when their efforts to form such ties with Britain failed, and for defence only when Britain was too weak to guarantee Canadian security. As Canadians continue to argue with each other about the benefits of a cosier relationship with out American cousins, Granatstein provides a salutary reminder that the historical roots of the debate stretch not only across the forty-ninth parallel but back across the Atlantic too.


In various situations there is a need to measure and transmit fast moving data such as in Radar, Oceanography, Continuous Monitoring of Meteorological Parameters, etc. It may sometimes happen that some data gets lost. So to recover this information complete original data is to be resent. In this paper, we have discussed a new type of signal acquisition theory called as Compressive Sensing (CS). Signals having Sparse representation in one or the other domain can be faithfully reconstructed from the random undersampled measurements. Naturally occurring signals such as audio signals are having sparse nature in Fourier Domain. One such implementation of CS theory is also explained and demonstrated. Greedy Algorithm known as Orthogonal Matching Pursuit is used in recovery process.


Surface ozone concentration, nitrogen dioxides, and related meteorological factors in urban areas of central Makkah, Saudi Arabia, at the east of the Holly mosque in year 1998, is investigated and analyzed with time series through monthly and seasonally time scales. High O3 episodes occur most of the time during year, with a major peak in autumn and minimum in winter. Near-surface monthly ozone concentrations exceed 0.080 ppm for the time of the study in October 1998. Typically, they occur in episodes during fair weather conditions with high solar radiation, and high air temperature (above 35°C). The corresponding monthly NOx daytime mean at the site is 0.020 ppm to .060 ppm. It is suggested that most of the ozone peaks are due to regional scale photochemistry. Data from the site show increasing monthly values from 0.036 to 0.080 ppm, while slowly monthly moving ozone peak. A classification according to influencing parameters shows that ozone formation is enhanced by high Concentrations of NOx,


Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) is a self-organized system which includes of multiple mobile nodescommunicated through a wireless medium. MANETs is weakens to malicious attacks owing to the openness in network topology. Therefore, secured routing techniques are required for reliable data packet transmission. A Service Authentic Trust and Coherence key based Routing (SAT-CKR) technique is proposed for providing security in MANETs during communication. SAT-CKR technique is designed to identify the optimal routing path that decides the qualitative of the path (i.e.) both reliable and energy conserving. Initially, The SAT-CKR technique estimates the trust values for every mobile node in network based on the energy, mobility, and trust rate. With help of measured trust value, then SAT-CKR technique effectually detects the malicious attacksnode in MANETs. This in turn assists for SAT-CKR technique to improve the attack detection rate and to reduce the energy utilization.Next, SAT-CKR technique constructs coherence key for each mobile node in network with objective ofimproving communication security. Withhelp of formulatedcoherence key, SAT-CKR technique select the optimal path through authenticating the mobile nodes. This helps for SAT-CKR technique to enhance the communication security and to lessen the routing overhead in MANETs. The efficacy of SAT-CKR technique is evaluated in terms of attack detection rate, energy consumption, routing overhead and communication security level.The simulation results expose that the proposed SAT-CKR techniqueis able to enhance the attack detection rateand also minimizes the energy consumption when compared to state-of-the-art works.


The following work aims at studying the relationship between rhetorical and critical procedures in the making of the historical dissertations written by the members ot the Academia Brasilica dos Esquecidos. The Academia dos Esquecidos was a society composed by men of letters established in Bahia in March 1724 and whose eighteenth and last conference took place at February 1725. Even though it existed for only a brief period of time, the Academia left a large body of work, of which this study took as its main object its historical dissertations. These texts sought to discuss and ascertain a right knowledge about doubtful aspects of Brazilian history. The present work looks at the dissertations as result both of the specific conditions of discursive production at colonial Bahia and the Portuguese empire and as an outcome of the broad historical debates occurring during the transition from the sixteenth to the seventeenth centuries. Doing so, it centers its attention, firstly, at the possibilities and limitations of the historical study in the luso-brazilian context; secondly, at the tension between rhetorical and scholarly models of historical writing; lastly, on the interaction between criticism, historical method and rhetoric present at that convulsion context. This work aims at being a small contribution not only to the study of discursive and literary production in colonial Brazil but also to the understanding of early modern historiography.


Nanoimprint lithography manufacturing equipment utilizes a patterning technology that involves the field-by-field deposition and exposure of a low viscosity resist deposited by jetting technology onto the substrate. The patterned mask is lowered into the fluid which then quickly flows into the relief patterns in the mask by capillary action. Following this filling step, the resist is crosslinked under UV radiation, and then the mask is removed, leaving a patterned resist on the substrate. The technology faithfully reproduces patterns with a higher resolution and greater uniformity compared to those produced by photolithography equipment. Additionally, as this technology does not require an array of widediameter lenses and the expensive light sources necessary for advanced photolithography equipment, NIL equipment achieves a simpler, more compact design, allowing for multiple units to be clustered together for increased productivity. In this paper, we review the advancements in both wafer imprinting and mask replication systems. To address high volume manufacturing concerns, an FPA-1200 NZ2C four station cluster tool is used in order to meet throughput and cost of ownership requirements (CoO). The status of the tool overlay is discussed. Application of a High Order Distortion Correction system to the existing magnification actuator has enabled correction of high order distortion terms up to K20. Because mask replication is required for nanoimprint lithography, improvements to the FPA-1100 NR2 mask replication system are reviewed. Criteria that are crucial to the success of a replication platform include both particle control and image placement (IP) accuracy. Data is presented on both of these subjects. Particle adders were studied over a nine month period. Additionally, with respect to image placement, an IP accuracy (after removing correctables) of 1.0nm in X, 1.1nm in Y has been demonstrated.


How do policymakers discover their energy security interests abroad? Conventional wisdom assumes states have an inherent interest in securing an affordable and steady supply of oil. In this paper, I show that policymakers often fail to realize such vital interests on their own. Instead, multinational actors like international oil corporations (IOCs) educate policymakers on their state's security interests abroad. By integrating prior scholarship on corporate power with insights on lobbying in American politics, I theorize that multinational corporations like IOCs can influence security policy when two conditions are met: first, policymakers demand information on security policy because of issue complexities, bureaucratic inefficiencies, and structural holes in the international system; and second, these corporations possess social ties that grant them the access, trust, and legitimacy to supply those policymakers with information. In the context of energy security, IOCs provide information on foreign sources of oil, threats posed to access, and anticipatory strategies for protecting access. I apply the theory to the origins of U.S. lend-lease aid to Saudi Arabia in 1943. Through sequential analysis, process-tracing, and comparative counterfactual reasoning, I argue an American IOC hastened U.S. interests in securing Saudi oil by using its ties to lobby the Roosevelt Administration at a time when the Administration lacked information on the country. The theory and findings broaden the state-centric view of energy security, contribute new evidence to historiography on US–Saudi relations, and fill an important gap in our understanding of corporate lobbying in security policy.


Abstract This study describes the construction and validation of a Japanese adaptation of Spielberger's (1980) Test Anxiety Inventory (TAI) and presents evidence of the reliability and validity of this new instrument. The items for the Japanese TAI (TAI-J) were selected on the basis of content validity and itemremainder correlations, which were .40 or higher for both sexes. Alpha reliability coefficients for the TAI-J Total scores were .90 or higher for both high school and college students; test-retest stability over a three-week interval was .89. Mean TAI-J Total scores for Japanese high school females were significantly higher than those of Japanese college students, whose scores were slightly lower than those reported for American undergraduates. TAI-J Total scores correlated .72 with a Japanese trait anxiety measure. Significant negative correlations were found between TAI-J Total scores and measures of academic achievement. Implications of these results for the measurement of test anxiety in Japanes...


The radiation emitted by a pulsed electron beam as it travels on a circular trajectory inside a waveguide is calculated using a 3D simulation. Forward-propagating wave equations for the fields in the waveguide are calculated by a perturbation of the Maxwell equations where the radius of curvature is large compared to the dimensions of the waveguide. These are integrated self-consistently with the distribution of charge in the beam to provide the complete fields (electric and magnetic) for all times during the passage of the beam through the waveguide and therefore are applicable to sections of any length or combinations thereof. The distribution of electrons and their momentum are also modified self-consistently so that the results may be used to estimate the effect of the radiation on the beam quality (emittance and energy spread).


Abstract An alternative to the conventional dilution method (CDM) to characterize reverse micelles (RMs) containing cosurfactant is presented. This method can be performed following two routes: (i) adding oil to destabilize a RM and applying temperature changes to stabilize it again and (ii) applying temperature changes to destabilize the RMs and adding cosurfactant to stabilize it again. The destabilization-stabilization cycles in the proposed method can be related to the destabilization-stabilization cycles in CDM. Thus, by using the same theoretical fundaments, it is possible to obtain the same parameters that are obtained in CDM. RMs formed by the CTAB + pentanol/hexane/water system was used to compare both methods. The amount of pentanol at the water/oil interface and in the oleic phase, as well as the thermodynamic parameters of the transfer process of pentanol molecules from the oleic phase to the oil/water interface obtained by both methods were similar. Using temperature changes as stabilizing/destabilizing agents presents some advantages: (i) By replacing oil and cosurfactant by temperature changes, the amount of reactants used in the experiments decreases, which also reduces the final waste; (ii) it is possible to obtain data at any temperature, as long as it falls within the temperature range used (this range is within the temperature range where the RMs are stable), which reduces the number of experiments; (iii) the direction of the temperature changes indicates whether the RMs formation process is endothermic or exothermic. The proposed method is an alternative to characterize RMs containing cosurfactants. Graphical Abstract


The problem of avoiding collisions at sea, particularly in restricted visibility, is not likely to have one simple solution. Indeed there are three main areas which need separate consideration because of their different requirements. First, in rivers and estuaries, port approaches and narrow passages traffic is rigidly confined. Second, in waters adjacent to coastlines and in some other areas dense traffic has limited space in which to manœuvre. Third, in the open sea there are fewer encounters and unlimited manœuvring space. It seems probable that the best solution to the first of these problems will be found in shore surveillance of the traffic and regulation of the traffic flow by a licensed authority. Prescribed routes with perhaps speed limits and policing may solve the second, but only ratification of an internationally accepted rule of behaviour will satisfy the third requirement. This paper proposes to develop a set of manœuvres which may be applied as a rule which will be accepted as a possible solution to the third requirement.


In Genealogy as Critique, Colin Koopman traces the contours of Foucault's critical method of genealogy, presenting it not as a catch-all term for approaching history as a nonhistorian, but rather as a method of inquiry valuable to many fields, including communication, cultural studies, history, and sociology. As have many others who have commented on Foucault's methods (notably Nicolas Rose, Paul Rabinow, Ian Hacking, Judith Butler, Wendy Brown, and Michael Mahon, among others), Koopman argues that Foucault was engaged in "histories of the present." However, where Koopman diverges from much of the commentary on Foucault is in his careful articulation of the method of a history of present within a larger intellectual framework that Foucault saw himself working in: namely, that of Kantian critique. Moreover, Koopman's careful analysis of Foucaultian method opens up a space for normative interventions based on Foucault's work, specifically in a methodological mix of American pragmatism, Habermasian critical theory, and Foucaultian genealogy. The question of intervention has always haunted engagements with Foucault, since Foucault was often loathe to make prescriptions that addressed contemporary problems.


Numerical reasoning over texts, such as addition, subtraction, sorting and counting, is a challenging machine reading comprehension task, since it requires both natural language understanding and arithmetic computation. To address this challenge, we propose a heterogeneous graph representation for the context of the passage and question needed for such reasoning, and design a question directed graph attention network to drive multi-step numerical reasoning over this context graph.


Y Evolution
The genomes of archaic hominins have been sequenced and compared with that of modern humans. However, most archaic individuals with high-quality sequences available have been female. Petr et al. performed targeted sequencing of the paternally inherited Y chromosomes from three Neanderthals and two Denisovans (see the Perspective by Schierup). Comparisons with available archaic and diverse modern human Y chromosomes indicated that, similar to the maternally inherited mitochondria, the human and Neanderthal Y chromosomes were more closely related to each other compared with the Denisovan Y chromosome. This result supports the conclusion that interbreeding between early humans and Neanderthals and selection replaced the more ancient Denisovian-like Y chromosome and mitochondria in Neanderthals.

Science , this issue p. [1653][1]; see also p. [1565][2]

 [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.abb6460
 [2]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.abe2766


An iron-filtered, neutron-beam facility that provides a well collimated source of 25-keV neutrons has been developed at the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) Reactor. For selected physics experiments and monoenergetic calibration of neutron dosimeters, the beam flux may be tailored to provide 5 x 10/sup 5/n.cm/sup -2/.s/sup -1/ with 99 percent 25-keV neutrons. For other experiments, such as calibration of fast-neutron spectrometers, fluxes of 10/sup 6/n.cm/sup -2/.s/sup -1/ may be obtained with as many as 13 identifiable peaks in the energy range 25 keV to 1.5 MeV.


Aims Biological soil crusts (BSCs) can affect soil properties including water dynamics and cycling of soil carbon and nitrogen in dryland ecosystems. Previous research has mostly focused on effects of BSCs on soil water distribution or carbon and nitrogen fixation in the surface soil layer. Thus, little is known about effects of BSCs on properties throughout the soil profile. In the current study, we assessed the effects of BSCs on the distribution of soil water content (SW), soil organic carbon content (SOC) and soil total nitrogen content (STN) throughout the soil profile as well as the influence of water conditions on the effects of BSCs. Methods In a field investigation in Mu Us Sandland, North China, soil samples were taken from plots with and without BSCs on 13 and 28 September 2006, respectively. On the two sampling dates, average soil gravimetric water content was 3.83% (61.29%) and 5.08% (60.89%), respectively, which were regarded as low and high water conditions. Soil samples were collected every 5 cm to a depth of 60 cm, and SW, SOC and STN were measured in the laboratory. Important Findings (i) BSCs affected profile distribution of SW, SOC and STN. In addition, water conditions within the plots significantly modified BSCs' effects on the profile distribution of SW, but marginally affected the effects on SOC and STN. (ii) Under high water conditions, SW in the surface soil layer (0–10 cm) was higher in soils with BSCs compared to those without BSCs, while the opposite was true in the deep soil layer (30–55 cm). (iii) Under low water conditions, SW was lower with BSCs compared with no BSCs in near-surface (5–20 cm) and deep (25–40 cm) soil layers. (iv) BSCs affected SOC and STN only in the surface soil layer (0–5 cm) and were modified by plot water conditions.


This article discusses how Iranian director Abbas Kiarostami's 2010 film Certified Copy treats themes of originality, experience, perception, and memory.  The main character's thesis about art—that copies are not merely inferior versions of originals—is applied to everyday experience of love, life and human relationships.  While the film seems to privilege the subjectivity of experience and reinforces the idea that value is found in individual interpretation rather than any one true or original meaning, it ultimately asks more questions than it answers, and while it sets out on a quest for truth, it, in the end, places responsibility on the audience to fill in the blanks and make meaning for themselves.


The invention relates to a method for the primary control of a hydroelectric power station with - a double-regulated turbine, - at least one first actuator, - at least one second actuator, - the first and second actuators are adjusted in dependence on an actual value of a mains frequency of the electric power generated receiving electrical network for influencing the turbine power to achieve a target value of the mains frequency. The invention is characterized in that - the first actuators are moved only in defined predetermined actuating steps, and thereafter - a control is performed to the target value of the line frequency by tracking the second actuators.


Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov calculations for the $N=Z$ nucleus ${}^{80}\mathrm{Zr}$ give a ground state band with $T=1$ Cooper pairs and an excited band with $T=0$ Cooper pairs. The bands cross at spin $I\ensuremath{\approx}5\ensuremath{\Elzxh},$ providing a ``phase transition'' from $T=1$ pairs for $Il5\ensuremath{\Elzxh}$ to $T=0$ pairs for $Ig5\ensuremath{\Elzxh}.$ There is also a $T=0+T=1$ pair band, which forms an envelope to the $T=1$ pair band and the $T=0$ pair band. In this band there is a more gradual transition from $T=1$ pairs at $I=0$ to $T=0$ pairs at high spins, with $T=0$ pairs and $T=1$ pairs coexisting at intermediate spins. The Coriolis antipairing (CAP) effect breaks the $T=1$ pairs, but there is no CAP effect for $T=0$ pairs in which the n and p occupy identical space-spin orbitals. The $T=1$ pair band has a moment of inertia $\mathcal{I}(\ensuremath{\omega})$ which backbends at spins between $8\ensuremath{\Elzxh}$ and $14\ensuremath{\Elzxh},$ but the $T=0$ pair band does not backbend. Both bands have ${g}_{9/2}$ spin alignments. For the $T=0$ pair band, the dominant angular momentum of a pair is $J=5,$ not $J=1$ or ${J=J}_{\mathrm{max}}=9$ as was anticipated. For a rotating $N=Z=\mathrm{even}$ nucleus, $T=0$ pairing produces a twofold degeneracy in the canonical orbital occupation probability ${v}^{2},$ although $T=1$ pairing produces a fourfold degeneracy in ${v}^{2}.$


Ranula is one of the commonest salivary gland cysts that mostly occur due to mucus extravasation from the sublingual salivary gland. Treatment of this lesion is still somewhat shrouded in controversy and varies from conservative treatment to surgical excision of the causative gland.


A 17-year-old girl with normal developmental history has been followed up with diagnosis of social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder for more than two years. She has been taking fluoxetine 20– 40 mg/day and MPH 36–54 mg/day for almost two years. Her anxiety and inattention symptoms showed much to very much improvement with the treatment. She tolerated medications generally well without any significant side effects. Her weight was 49 kg at first presentation and 53 kg when her medications were stopped after two years due to a possible side effect. She developed a sudden onset abdominal pain accompanied with nausea and vomiting after a dinner. She had no fever or other systemic signs of infection at that time. She was referred to emergency service and was diagnosed with biliary colic with multiple gallstones. Her abdominal and biliary ultrasound examination revealed no significant problems except multiple gallstones, with largest one being 7 mm. She was extensively examined in a faculty hospital for possible causes of cholelithiasis but no obvious reasons were found. Her weight was 53 kg and body mass index was 18.7. She did not have any medical disease or known risk factors, including family history, to develop cholelithiasis. Cholelithiasis was considered to be MPHand fluoxetine-related and she was recommended to stop her medications and planned for a clinical follow-up before no further interventions were done. During the 10 months of medication-free period, she had no biliary symptoms. A second detailed examination for gallstones revealed some reduction in the size of the gallstones. Previous medication history (MPH and fluoxetine) was reconsidered as the most probable cause by her physicians.


We present data on the vulnerability of a variety of candidate spacecraft electronics to total ionizing dose and displacement damage. Devices tested include optoelectronics, digital, analog, linear bipolar devices, hybrid devices, analog-to-digital converters, and digital-to-analog converters, among others.


The invention discloses a non-noble metal selective hydrogenation catalyst, which is composed of an active component amorphous nickel phosphide, an alumina carrier and an assistant X. In a final catalyst, in terms of metal nickel, the weight content of nickel in the active component amorphous nickel phosphide accounts for 10-15% of the total catalyst weight, the mole ratio of phosphorus to nickel is 2.0-2.4, the mole ratio of X to nickel is 0.01-0.05:1, and the balance is the carrier, the assistant X is one or more of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, samarium, ytterbium and other rare earth elements, preferably cerium. The non-noble metal catalyst has catalytic activity equivalent to that of noble metal catalysts when used in a reaction process for selective hydrogenation of a C4 raw material to remove butadiene, can greatly reduce the catalyst cost, and at the same time has low 1-butene isomerization activity.


The modular interactive computer-assisted surgery (modiCAS) project, settled in the Center for Sensor System (ZESS) at the University of Siegen, in Germany, is engaged to develop an integral solution for different surgical problems by the combination of a navigation system and a robot arm with hands-on capabilities. The robotic system may be thought of as a smart surgical tool that extends surgeon's ability to treat patients, giving him/her surgical assistant by working in cooperative fashion. However, a natural and seamless integration of robotic systems in the operating room is still a big challenge in robotic surgery. The interaction between surgeon and robotic system is a very important issue. Autonomous systems have lost acceptance in the surgical community because the surgeon wants to be in charge of the operation rather than acting only as an observer. In such autonomous procedures, human experience, intuition, reacting capability in front of unexpected situations are lost. Furthermore, assistance intends to improve the performance of the surgeon rather than delimitating or obstructing him/her. An alternative solution is to provide a cooperative system where benefits of both can be combined. In this context, the surgeon gain complete control over the operation by grabbing the tool mounted on the robot and commanding it with his/her own hands. But the fact that a robot is to be used in clinical applications and in direct contact with human beings, imposes some additional requirements in comparison with the well established robotics technology applied in the industry. The most obvious is safety. On the one hand, the surgeon must keep control of the surgical operation. On the other hand, the surgical robots must assure a correctly usage by the surgeon in order to guarantee patient safeness. Therefore, surgeon's freedom of action has to be partially limited so that forbidden regions become unattainable to prevent accidental injuries. For these reasons, a seamless and safety integration of the system within the operating room is considered a paramount issue for a successful assistance and represents an important requirement within the modiCAS project.
The first contribution of this work is a proposal of software framework architecture for the modiCAS system able to support medical interventions in several surgical disciplines. A modular structure, together with a strategic distribution of the modules, provides flexibility for the adaptation of a common basic hardware platform to different applications.
Secondly, concerning the cooperative capabilities of the modiCAS system, the issue of mishandling is avoided with the introduction of virtual constraints, here called virtual fixtures, which help guiding the tool within certain predefined permitted directions. The combination of these preferred directions permits different kinds of virtual constraints, which may be one dimensional (lines), two dimensional (planes), three dimensions (tubes, cones, etc.) or even more complex trajectories (by means of parametric functions).
A particularly issue to be considered when thinking about cooperative manipulation of a robotic arm is the presence of singular configurations. In the neighborhood and at singular configurations an exact solution of the robot inverse kinematic becomes ill conditioned. Consequently, unfeasible joint velocities may be produced which yields into acute behavior of the robotic system. During virtual constrained cooperative operation, high velocities and position deviations are unacceptable. Therefore, another important objective of this work is to assure that such cooperative guidance is robust and accurate even in the presence of such singular robot configurations.
Im Rahmen des modular interactive computer assisted surgery Projekts (modiCAS) wurde eine Losung zur Kombination eines Navigationssystems und eines manuell steuerbaren Roboterarms zur Unterstutzung verschiedenster chirurgischer Eingriffe entwickelt. Dieses Robotersystem kann als intelligentes Werkzeug betrachtet werden, das die Fahigkeiten eines Chirurgen auf assistierende und kooperative Weise erganzt. Das System soll den Chirurgen wahrend Operationen unterstutzen, keinesfalls jedoch ersetzen. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit liegt darin, die Interaktion zwischen Chirurg und Roboter bei manueller Fuhrung zu erweitern und einfach und sicher zu gestalten.
Der erste Teil dieser Arbeit beschreibt die Architektur eines software-frameworks, das die Bedienung des modiCAS-Systems in verschiedenen chirurgischen Bereichen zulasst. Hierbei ermoglicht eine modulare Struktur, in Verbindung mit einer strategischen Verteilung der einzelnen Module, ausreichende Flexibilitat um eine Hardware Plattform an verschiedene Anwendungen anzupassen.
Im zweiten Teil wird, im Hinblick auf die kooperativen Fahigkeiten des modiCAS Systems, das Vermeiden von Fehlsteuerungen mittels virtueller Beschrankungen (virtual fixtures) durch den Admittance Controller behandelt. Diese dienen dazu die Bewegungsmoglichkeiten des Roboterarms bei haptischer Fuhrung so zu begrenzen, dass er sich nur in vordefinierte und erlaubte Richtungen bewegen kann. Die Kombination von gewunschten Richtungen erlaubt die Konstruktion verschiedener virtueller Einschrankungen, die eindimensional (z.B. Linie), zweidimensional (z.B. Oberflache) oder dreidimensional (z.B. Kegel oder Zylinder) sein konnen. Auserdem sind komplexe Kurven generierbar, die von dem Roboterarm bei manueller Fuhrung exakt durchlaufen werden.
Die Methoden Damped Least Squares und Adjoint Jacobian vermeiden hohe Geschwindigkeiten, die wahrend der haptischen Fuhrung des Roboterarms bei singularen Konfigurationen auftauchen konnen. Eben dies darf wahrend einer kooperativen Operation mittels virtueller Begrenzungen nicht geschehen.
Die in dieser Arbeit vorgestellten Methoden liefern einen Beitrag fur eine sichere und prazise Steuerung von manuell gesteuerten Roboterarmen. Sie erhohen die Funktionalitaten zur Assistenz und das Integrationsniveau von Roboterarmen bei chirurgischen Einsatzen. Auf diese Weise wird die Interaktion zwischen Chirurg und Roboter intuitiver und leichter in der Handhabung. Die Moglichkeit zur Festlegung virtueller Begrenzungen verbessert die Sicherheit in der Anwendung erheblich, da der Chirurg den Roboterarm nicht unbeabsichtigt in leicht verletzbare Bereiche fuhren kann.


The relevant importance of Zn, an essential micronutrient, in the surgical patient is well recognized. There is little biochemical information about deficiency in Argentina and dietary data of ENNyS (national survey) showed 33.5% of low intakes. In this study plasma levels, basal and 24 hs excretion of Zn were evaluated in 46 patients previous to programmed gastroenterological surgeries. Plasma Zn was 84.5±26.2 μg/dl; distribution shows 22% of deficient (<70), 24% marginal (70‐85) and 54% of adequate values (>85 μg/dl). Urinary excretion was 588±463 μg/day; 31% <300, but only 8% <200 μg/day. Basal excretion was 0.61±0.51 mg Zn/g creatinine; 38% <0.4 mg/g, compatible with low intakes. About plasma Zn, women presented lower values than men (81.2±27.2 vs 87.6±25.5 μg/dl); an increase with BMI was observed: 59.8±3.2 in undernourished, 82.4±21.9 in normal, 84.9±31.1 in overweight and 99.0±35.4 μg/dl in obese, in opposition with decreased values described for obese by other authors; patients with inflammation (PCR>0.5 mg/dl) presented decreased values (79.6±32.1 vs 89.8±16.), and in those with PCR>4 fall to 55.0±25.9 µg/dl. Postoperative complications appeared in 67% of patients with values <70, and in 32% of those >70 µg/dl (Relative Risk= 2.06; Odds Ratio=4.18). All studied markers agree that Zn status must be evaluated previous to surgery because of the magnitude of deficiency and the higher rate of complications that deficiency exposes the patient. Supported by UBACyT B090.


Objective:To investigate the "one to one" whole accompany childbirth midwifery model of childbirth.Methods:April 2006 ~ May 2009 at our hospital to be produced in a single primipara 860 cases of fetal head position were randomly divided into two groups,a group of 430 cases,in the birth process carried out by the midwives,"one to one" full to accompany to the end of the birth process,in order to accompany group,B group 430 cases,according to the traditional system of midwifery model of childbirth shift relief for the control group.Results:Accompany group to shorten the birth process,the rate of postpartum hemorrhage,neonatal asphyxia rates were lower than the control group.Conclusion:"one to one" full to accompany the midwifery model of birth,can reduce maternal psychological stress and fear of childbirth can significantly shorten the production process,reducing the rate of postpartum hemorrhage,neonatal asphyxia and reduce delivery complications,effectively improve obstetric care quality.


The acoustic field in a slightly irregular waveguide formed by a low-velocity layer of variable thickness on a homogeneous half-space is investigated. An asymptotic expansion is obtained for the field in the vicinity of critical cross sections and near the extremal ray tangent to a critical cross section


Aiming at the problem of wind loading normal value calculation of coupler steel pipe scaffold of high-rise frame,combined with calculation examples,several calculation parameters on the wind loading normal value calculation of scaffold were illustrated and several parameters valuing were determined and calculation law was found,therefore guaranteed construction safety of high-rise frame structure.


Roles remain elusive entities, although they are an integral part of socioeconomic reality. This paper aims to examine roles in conceptual modeling from a foundational viewpoint. More specifically, we revisit Friedrich Steimann's wellknown list of features of roles in light of the recently proposed 'three-facet theory' of roles that exploits a meta-ontological notion of grounding. We also hint at a strategy for formalizing an ontological module for generic role representation.


To find a new method to develop Hepatitis E Virus vaccine, ORF2 of Hepatitis E Virus(HEV) was expressed in methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. ORF2 of HEV was amplified by PCR and inserted into the right down-streen of α-signal factor of the secreted expression vector pPIC9k, The recombinant expression vector pPIC9K was linearized, and then transformed into yeast Pichia pastoris GS115 by electroporation, The recombinant strains were screened by RDB plate including G418, and then the totle DNA was extracted from the recombinant strains and analyzed by PCR, the results shows that ORF2 of HEV was integrated into Pichia pastoris genome. After being identified their phenotype, the recombinant and biological activity was investigated by ELISA ,SDS-PAGE,and Western-blot,the result showed that recombination protein was successfully expressed and could be recognized by the McAb of HEV ORF2. At the same time, polymer was also found in recombinant protein by ELISA.


To evaluate the effect of dopaminergic activity on aldosterone secretion, the plasma renin activity, serum cortisol and aldosterone were measured by radioimmunoassay in 6 normal controls and 12 patients who had hyponatremia and generalized edema or ascites with possible condition with secondary aldosteronism before and after(15, 30, and 60 min) 15 mg of metoclopramide by iv bolus injection and same method with 500 mg of L-dopa by per oral in 6 normal controls and 12 patients with edema ascites. The result were as follows; 1) The basal level of PRA was higher in patients rather than normal controls but PRA was not influenced by MC or L-dopa administration on both normal controls and patients group. 2) The serum cortisol level was significantly elevated at 30 min after MC injection compared with basal level in normal controls but no significant change was noted in patients group. After L-dopa administration the serum cortisol level was not changed in both normal controls and patients group. 3) The serum aldosterone level was significantly elevated in 15, 30 and 60 min after MC injection in normal controls, and there also same tendency of aldosterone secretion was noticed in patients group. On the other hands, there was no changes in aldosterone level in both normal controls and patients group with L-dopa administration. Above result means that MC stimulate aldosterone secretion by dopaminergic antagonist and aldosterone secretion in normal subject is controlled by maximal tonic dopaminergic inhibition. In edematous patients, however, both of the dopaminergic inhibitory and stimulating effect of PRA, ACTH etc on the aldosterone secretion seems to be variable.


Axinyssa djiferi, a new species of Axinyssa Lendenfeld, 1897 (Porifera, Demospongiae, Halichondrida) is described from the mangrove roots along the Senegalese coast. This species is close to the type species of the genus Axinyssa topsenti Lendenfeld, 1897 described from the Indian Ocean. Both share two categories of oxea, presence of fistules with apical oscules, conules in which the choanosomal tracts end in brushes and tangential skeleton between the conules. They differ in the size of the oxea, the shape of the smaller oxeas, the type of spicule in the ectosomal tangential skeleton, and in their respective geographical distributions. The description of this new species gives grounds for reassessing the synonymy between Axinyssa and Pseudaxinyssa Burton, 1931.


Inverter is the most important device to utilize the renewable energy sources efficiently. The Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) technique is one of the most popular PWM techniques for harmonic reduction of inverters since there are used three sine waves displaced in 1200 phase difference as reference signals for three phase inverter. This paper presents the simulation of three phase voltage switching inverter in MATLAB/Simulink using Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) scheme . The carrier wave (triangular) is compared to the reference (sine wave), whose frequency is the desired frequency. The modulation index is varied from 0.4 to 1 by changing the amplitude of the modulating signal. The output phase and line voltages are observed in scope along with their Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) which varies with modulation index. In SPWM technique, the amplitude is constant but the width of the pulse varies by changing the duty cycle for each period. The width of the pulses are modulated to provide gate signals to the switches (IGBTs) connected in the inverter. In this way the output voltage is controlled and THD also reduces significantly with the increase in efficiency of the inverter. This method is popularly used in speed control of three phase induction motors. The load taken here is resistive and inductive (RL).


Despite repeated predictions to the contrary, both the selection of material f o r this issue and the choice of subject categories are tentative. The Editor and his collaborators have found the reconstruction of intellectual and mechanical systems more onerous than they had expected. Completeness of coverage, especially for reports circulated p r i v a t e l y , depends on the cooperation of authors. Summaries or articles to be summarized should be sent to the editorial office, Twin Willows, Wanakah, New York 14075.


The paper mainly elaborates on the structural type,aggregate gradation,mix proportion,mixing process and facilities for alphalt concrete face slab of the upper reservoir.In addition,the structural feature,construction requirements and construction procedures are also discussed.


The cross-sections for the emission of radiation by very fast electrons (energy great compared with mc2) and for the production of pairs of positive and negative electrons by very hard γ-rays is calculated, considering the screening of the atomic field in which the processes happen. The main part of the paper deals with the integration of the differential cross-section over the angles. It is found that the integral cross-section increases steadily with increasing energy of the primary particle, reaching an asymptotic value for extremely high energies.


PURPOSE
Glioblastoma (GB, WHO grade IV) is the most common primary brain tumor in adults. Survival is typically <1 year but varies between a few months and a couple of years. The aim of the study was to find novel genetic prognostic factors in a well-defined GB series.

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
The survival data on 129 GBs were correlated with the results of a detailed analysis of 9 genes. These included 3 genes coding for proteins in the p53 pathway (i.e., TP53, p14(ARF), and MDM2), 4 in the Rb1 pathway (i.e., CDKN2A, CDKN2B, RB1, and CDK4), as well as PTEN and epidermal growth factor receptor.

RESULTS
We found that abnormalities in any of the four genes (CDKN2A, CDKN2B, RB1, and CDK4) coding for components of the Rb1 pathway were associated with shorter survival (P = 0.002). In combination with loss of wild-type PTEN, the association was even stronger (P < 0.001), the median survival being 166 days as compared with the group without these abnormalities where the median postoperative survival was 437 days. The survival difference remained statistically significant in Cox' regression analysis adjusting for age (P = 0.012).

CONCLUSIONS
The findings indicate that knowledge of the molecular genetic abnormalities in GBs provides important data in assessing individual patients. As additional advances in our understanding of the molecular genetics and cell biology of gliomas are made, in addition to providing prognostic information, such data may also provide targets for innovative therapy in the individual case.


We give a new proof for the $C^\infty$ regularity of $C^2$ smooth conformal mappings of the sub-Riemannian Heisenberg group. Our proof avoids any use of nonlinear potential theory and relies only on hypoellipticity of H\"ormander operators and quasiconformal flows. This approach is inspired by prior work of Sarvas and Liu.


Abstract: Through a thematic study by using an integrated study, it is expected that it can give good benefits for teachers, students, or schools, and also some efforts to increase the quality of teaching learning process. Collaboration in integrated study can make local learning more contextual. Because in integrated study one of subject matter can support the other subject matter. Thereby it is expected that the teaching learning process will be more meaningful. Key words: thematic study, integrated study, the quality of teaching learning process,collaboration.


A probabilistic concept for determining pile bearing capacity is presented, taking into account the variability of CPT test parameters and methodology of calculation according to the requirements of Eurocode 7 (EN 1997-1: 2004). Based on a single initial (real) CPT test, a larger number of generated (simulation) CPT tests are introduced drawn from solutions of statistics and probability theory. Research has found that the best solutions are achieved using the DA 2 design approach for n(CPT) ≥ 10 tests. Taking into account the deterministic and probabilistic approach in the analysis of pile bearing capacity, it is found that for the DA 2 design approach, the ratio of pile bearing capacity obtained from simulation and the capacity as determined through three methods (Mazurkiewicz, Van der Veen and hyperbolic approximation) is Rc,d /Pu = 1.148. Using the reliability index, the following values of partial resistance factors are obtained: γb,β ≈ 1.1, γs,β ≈ 1.1, which also points to the DA 2 design approach. Ključne reči • stub • nosivost • CPT ispitivanje • teorija verovatnoće • Eurokod 7 (EN 1997-1:2004)


The "new equality" departs from the traditional American view of egalitarianism. The emphasis has shifted from equality of opportunity to equality of result, and this change promises to have important impacts for business organizations and the society at large. The implications of this new egalitananism for the economy and the private sector are most immediate, and encompass a growing pressure for redistribution of income and wealth, economic status and power. The bureaucratic manifestations of this new equality include increased power and regulation over the private sector and the populace, quite possibly at the expense of liberty as well as efficiency.


Several previous studies in which a concept learning task has been used to investigate acquisition of concept of artistic style, have noted a wide range of individual differences in performance. Tighe (1968) has proposed that these may reflect differential sensitivity to relevant dimensions of stylistic variation. INDSCAL technique of multidimensional scaling, which has previously been used to determine predominant dimensions of variation in responses to visual art was used here to determine salience of such dimensions for different individuals. These scores were then used to predict individual differences in performance on a concept formation task. results offer support for a differential cue salience explanation for individual differences in learning about artistic style. Implications for aesthetic education are discussed.


Fast and accurate evaluation of signal transients on interconnects become an essential part of today's highspeed and high-density digital system design. Particularly, as the electrical length of interconnects continues to increase, the transmission line effects such as crosstalk, propagation delay, reflection, and dispersion on the interconnects of the high-performance systems significantly degrade signal integrity [1,2]. The segmented ladder network model for SPICE simulation cannot be adapted to an accurate simulation of the frequency-dependent effects of the lossy transmission lines. Since the transmission lines can be inherently well characterized in the frequency domain, they have been mathematically formulated in the frequency domain with telegrapher equations. In contrast, the non-linear semiconductor devices can be more suitably modeled in the time domain. Thus it is very difficult to directly integrate the transmission line model into an existing transient circuit simulator. In order to overcome such problems, several methods have been proposed which can analyze the transmission lines in the time domain [3,4]. Once the transfer functions of the transmission line are determined in the frequency domain, its time domain counter part can be yielded by inverse Fourier or Laplace transform. The system response, including the transmission line effects, can be formulated by convolution integral in the time domain with boundary conditions [5–7]. Then finally, modeling them as an equivalent circuit, the time domain response of the transmission line can be implemented into a time domain circuit simula-


The cause of Multiple sclerosis (MS) is unknown. Multiple theories for pathogenesis of MS postulated. The most accepted is autoimmune inflammatory process. In recent years the role of internal jugular vein abnormality in MS pathogenesis has been considered as "Big Idea" that raised hopes for MS treatment. But although the earlier studies were promising, their results were not reproducible and recent finding disputed the theory.


Zoonoses as the result of a process where various factors intervene and are related to epidemiological, economic and social variables, this article reviewing the was developed, with the aim of reflecting on the contextualization of the control programs of the Zoonosis as a public health problem, for the reflexive argumentation of this document, a documentary review was carried out, with extraction, compilation of information, and analysis of the theoretical foundations and the results presented in the consulted investigations, visualizing the criteria described by different authors, which can be of great contribution due to the little information on communicable diseases from animals to humans and the actions of INSAI, as the governing body for addressing zoosanitary and phytosanitary problems, highlighting as a conclusion the need for training of the staff, participated n active, interdisciplinary of human and animal health professionals.


The authors have analyzed the archive materials and literature concerning organization of psychiatric care and the structure of medical discharges due to psychiatric reasons among the combat personnel of the Red Army during World War II. They describe the stages of psychiatric care for the Russians in combat in different periods of World War II. They provide more precise information concerning duration and outcome of treatment in war veterans with mental pathology due to military combat


Simple Summary Automatic behavior monitoring, also called automated analytics or automated reporting, is the ability of an analytics platform to auto-detect relevant insights—anomalies, trends, patterns—and deliver them to users in real time, without users having to manually explore their data to find the answers they need. An analytics platform with automated behavior monitoring uses algorithms to auto-analyze datasets to search for notable changes in data. It then generates alerts at fixed intervals or triggers (thresholds), and delivers the findings to each user, ready-made. In-aquaculture scoring of behavioral indicators of aquatic animal welfare is challenging, but the increasing availability of low-cost technology now makes the automated monitoring of behavior feasible. Abstract Crustacean farming is a fast-growing sector and has contributed to improving incomes. Many studies have focused on how to improve crustacean production. Information about crustacean behavior is important in this respect. Manual methods of detecting crustacean behavior are usually infectible, time-consuming, and imprecise. Therefore, automatic growth situation monitoring according to changes in behavior has gained more attention, including acoustic technology, machine vision, and sensors. This article reviews the development of these automatic behavior monitoring methods over the past three decades and summarizes their domains of application, as well as their advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, the challenges of individual sensitivity and aquaculture environment for future research on the behavior of crustaceans are also highlighted. Studies show that feeding behavior, movement rhythms, and reproduction behavior are the three most important behaviors of crustaceans, and the applications of information technology such as advanced machine vision technology have great significance to accelerate the development of new means and techniques for more effective automatic monitoring. However, the accuracy and intelligence still need to be improved to meet intensive aquaculture requirements. Our purpose is to provide researchers and practitioners with a better understanding of the state of the art of automatic monitoring of crustacean behaviors, pursuant of supporting the implementation of smart crustacean farming applications.


We consider the 3-D full Navier-Stokes equations whose the viscosity coefficients and the thermal conductivity coefficient depend on the density and the temperature. We prove the local existence and uniqueness of the strong solution in a domain $\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^3$. The initial density may vanish in an open set and $\Omega$ could be a bounded or unbounded domain. We also prove a blow-up criterion for the solution. Finally, we show the blow-up of the smooth solution to the compressible Navier-Stokes equations in $\mathbb{R}^n$ ($n\geq1$) when the initial density has compactly support and the initial total momentum is nonzero.


The increasing numbers of cores sharing memory within a node, on MPP systems, has raised the question as to whether pure MPI applications are extracting the best performance from the architecture and whether message passing is the most appropriate model for these machines. Among several emerging programming models in HPC, the PGAS (Partitioned Global Address Space) and hybrid models are potential successors to pure MPI programming in an attempt to gain better performance out of many-core and multi-tier hierarchical architectures. These models aim to decrease the cost of message passing between cores sharing memory and in the case of PGAS languages and MPI-2, provide direct remote memory access functionality to aid in overlapping communication and computation. This project aims to compare and evaluate Fortran coarrays and MPI as a means of developing a distributed parallel sorting algorithm for a Cray XE6 system. The test application was chosen to be sorting because it is a common computational task used in many other applications and there is no limit to problem size other than physical constraints like time and memory availability. The sorting application will be a parallelised variant of the quicksort, a popular serial sorting algorithm which due to its divide and conquer technique lends itself reasonably well to parallelisation. Fortran Coarrays were chosen as the PGAS language because they are now officially part of the Fortran 2008 standard and so support for developing with coarrays will increase therefore usage of coarrays is also expected to increase. The massively parallel XE6 architecture on the UK national supercomputing service, HECToR, will be used to test the code which provides a good representation of a modern MPP computer, making it an ideal test machine for comparing message passing and PGAS models.


To reduce phased antenna arrays complexity we propose a new concept based on regular grid, parasitic elements and multi-excitations. This architecture enables the simplification of the beam forming network (BFN) while maintaining enough beam shaping controls. In this work, we explore the potentiality of this concept for Ku-band application in Tx/Rx band.


It is difficult to collect customs duties in the trade via Internet as it is conducted beyond national boundaries.The idea that"zero tariff"policy should be carried out on the trade via the net,held by the US-led developed countries,coincides with the long standing theory of trade liberalization.Generally,the"zero tariff"policy tends to have more advantages to the developed countries but to pose both opportunities and challenges to the developing countries.China should say "no"to the "zero tariff"policy on the one hand,and should try to establish its predominance in the trade via the net on the other hand. Meanwhile,China should,after its entry into the WTO,take active part in formulating the rules regarding net trade so as to protect its and other developing countries'interests in the trade via Internet.


Cu$_{0.5}$Co$_{0.5}$Cl$_{2}$-FeCl$_{3}$ graphite bi-intercalation compound is a three-dimensional short-range spin glass with a spin freezing temperature $T_{SG}$ ($= 3.92 \pm 0.11$ K). The time evolution of the zero-field cooled magnetization $M_{ZFC}(t)$ has been measured under various combinations of wait time ($t_{w}$), temperature ($T$), temperature-shift ($\Delta T$), and magnetic field ($H$). The relaxation rate $S_{ZFC}(t)$ [$=(1/H)$d$M_{ZFC}(t)$/d$\ln t$] shows a peak at a peak time $t_{cr}$. The shape of $S_{ZFC}(t)$ in the vicinity of $t_{cr}$ is well described by stretched exponential relaxation (SER). The SER exponent $b$ and the SER relaxation time $\tau_{SER}$ are determined as a function of $t_{w}$, $T$, $H$, and $\Delta T$. The value of $b$ at $T=T_{SG}$ is nearly equal to 0.3. There is a correlation between $\tau_{SER}$ and $1/b$, irrespective of the values of $t_{w}$, $T$, $H$, and $\Delta T$. These features can be well explained in terms of a simple relaxation model for glassy dynamics.


In the interactions of optical vortices with matter, principles of fundamental symmetry determine the viability of observing various forms of chiral discrimination. To elicit the underlying principles requires careful analysis of the geometrically chiral structure of the beam. The scale of observation becomes especially important for local, intra-beam measurements, as for example when quantum transitions occur. Approaching such issues invites a deeper analysis in terms of fundamental symmetry, in order to ascertain conditions in which chiral discrimination may, or may not, be permissible. These methods provide a straightforward and reliable basis for judgement on whether previously unrecognized forms of interaction may be worth pursuing in experiment.


The human colon—or large intestine—is primarily responsible for absorbing remaining water from indigestible food matter that has passed through the small intestine, maintaining the water balance in the body, and absorption of some vitamins. The final section of the luminal digestive tract, the rectum and anus, eliminates wastes from the body. Diseases involving the colon and rectum are diverse and include anatomic conditions (e.g., diverticular disease, fistulas, fecal incontinence), blood flow or vascular disorders (e.g., colonic ischemia, angioectasias, hemorrhoids), conditions related to the gut microflora or immune dysfunction (e.g., inflammatory bowel disease, appendicitis), or treatment-related disorders (e.g., radiation colitis).


Women suffer from depression at twice the rate of men, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we identify dramatic baseline sex differences in expression of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in human postmortem brain tissue that are profoundly lost in depression. One such lncRNA, RP11-298D21.1 (which we termed FEDORA), is enriched in oligodendrocytes and neurons and upregulated in several cortical regions of depressed females but not males. We found that virally-expressing FEDORA selectively either in neurons or in oligodendrocytes of prefrontal cortex promoted depression-like behavioral abnormalities in female mice only, changes associated with cell-type-specific regulation of synaptic properties, myelin thickness, and gene expression. We also found that blood FEDORA levels have diagnostic significance for depressed women. These findings demonstrate the important role played by lncRNAs, and FEDORA in particular, in shaping the sex-specific landscape of the brain and contributing to sex differences in depression.


The challenge of finding organic sources of antibacterial activity that are widely available, environment-friendly, and cost-effective with significant antibacterial efficacy, remains persistent especially in developing countries such as the Philippines. In this study, the antibacterial activity of Santan ( Ixora coccinea ) leaf, Cacao ( Theobroma cacao ) pod husk, and Betel Palm ( Areca catechu ) seed extracts against Staphylococcus aureus was assessed. Plant extract concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% were prepared and their antibacterial activity on S. aureus was assessed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion susceptibility test. Antibacterial activities were determined using the zone of inhibition diameter. Distilled water and Penicillin were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. Results showed that Santan ( I. coccinea ) leaf extract with 75% concentration exhibited the highest antibacterial activity on S. aureus among all plant extracts used. However, its antibacterial activity was comparatively lesser than that of Penicillin. No antibacterial activity of Cacao ( T. cacao ) pod husk and Betel Palm ( A. catechu ) seeds extracts on S. aureus was observed. The differences in the zone of inhibition diameter in all extracts on S. aureus were significant (p<0.01).


Gallery guide to accompany exhibition, it gives an account of Picasso's relationship with ceramics with descriptions of pieces and includes some colour images.


The review highlights present state and some future perspectives of new but quickly expanding area of predictive medicine. Its basic background dealing with molecular testing of genetic polymorphisms as well as its practical and theoretical implications are discussed. Original data concerning the involvement of the genes participating in Phase 1 and Phase 2 of detoxification systems as well as of the genes controlling mineral bone density in the origin, progression and treatment efficiency of some common multifactorial diseases such as endometriosis, bronchial asthma, alcoholic cirrhosis, habitual miscarriages, gestosis, lung cancer, chronic bronchitis and osteoporosis are briefly outlined. Of special theoretical and practical value of these studies is an identification of highly nonrandom association of particular functionally inferior alleles of the genes belonging to glutathione-S-transferase super-gene family (GSTM1 (0), GSTT1 (0), GSTPi (s) as well as N-acetyl transferase - NAT-2 (s) with some of these diseases. Molecular testing of the relevant alleles might be recommended as feasible predictive test for personal predisposition evaluation, for estimation of remote prognosis and for the treatment strategy in at least some of these diseases. Early identification of these individuals by means of genetic screening supplemented with subsequent adequate social and medical care should be considered as feasible social program for efficient prevention of these diseases at the national level. Relying on these data as well as on the polymorphism studies and common mutation identification of other genes the idea of Genetic Form for the Pregnant Women is suggested and briefly discussed.


The detection of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in Pinus pinaster trees in Portugal in 1999 led the official services to implement exceptional and urgent control measures to prevent the spread of the pest. Because the pest is vector-transmitted, special attention was paid to the insects associated with infested trees. A survey comprising 21 species of insects, from six families, with a total of 1367 specimens, was made in order to evaluate their possible role as vectors of the nematode in Portugal. Five insect species were found to carry other Bursaphelenchus spp., but only Monochamus galloprovincialis was associated with B. xylophilus.


A class of initial-boundary value problems with a conserved first integral is studied. The class of problems includes particular cases of interest. In one parameter limit, the equations arise as a similarity reduction of the Navier-Stokes equations, which has been recently studied for its blow-up properties, and in another, a class of scalar reaction-diffusion equations, modified by the addition of a non-local non-linearity to ensure conservation of the first integral. Once the problem has been stated, it is shown how it may be derived from the Navier-Stokes equations in one parameter limit. Steady-state solutions are then constructed using a rigorous iterative method which we call Crandall Iteration. The steady solution set includes, in a particular parameter limit, those of the Cahn-Hilliard equation. Amplitude expansions and centre manifold theory are employed to analyze the heteroclinic orbits connecting these steady solutions. It is proved that Hopf bifurcation of periodic solutions cannot occur


Abstract In this paper, we describe a dense temporal logic programming (DTLP) framework based on infinite binary trees called omega trees . We then look at an important subset of omega trees called ordinal trees that represent only meaningful dense time models. Ordinal trees have the properties of stability and recurrence , which allow them to be represented finitely. The finite representations called ordinal structures can be used as temporal data structures and its nodes can be labelled with formulae, giving us the basis for modeling temporally located information. In this paper, we label ordinal structure nodes with Prolog clauses to get temporal horn clauses that represent temporal facts, rules and queries. Temporal resolution tries to prove temporal queries from a set of temporal facts and rules using a process called aligning which provides the counterpart of the conventional unification algorithm. Aligning restructures ordinal trees to facilitate the transfer of temporal information between them. We present theoretical results to show that aligning is computable, and that the procedures for aligning and resolution are correct.


The slow dynamics observed in ferromagnetic systems rapidly quenched from a disordered initial state into its low-temperature ordered phase is characterized by the breaking of time-translation invariance and by dynamical scaling. Since the dynamical exponent generically has the value z=2 in this situation, the natural candidates for extended dynamical scale-transformation are the elements of the Schrodinger group Sch(d). A reformulation in terms of stochastic field-theory shows that the symmetries of the system, described by a stochastic Langevin equation, can be obtained from the consideration of the deterministic part of that equation, which is a non-linear partial differential equation. It follows that the form of the response functions can be derived from the hypothesis of their covariant transformation under local scale-transformations. The explicit construction of non-linear diffusion equations which are invariant under the Lie algebra schd of the Schrodinger group or else is subalgebra aged which is obtained when time-translations are excluded, requires the introduction of a new dimensionful variable, related to a physical coupling constant g. Constructing new representations of the sch1 and age1 containing g, new non-linear equations with real-valued solutions are obtained, which are Schrodinger- and not only Galilei-invariant. The resulting expression for the response function is derived. Applications to Bose-Einstein condensation and the slow kinetics of strongly interacting particle systems are discussed. A different route uses the embedding of sch1 as an (almost) parabolic subalgebra of the conformal algebra (conf3)C by considering the `mass' not as a constant, but as an additional variable. Invariant equations are classified and are compared to the coarse-grained equations for the time-dependent order-parameter in phase-ordering kinetics. Finally alt1, an other parabolic subalgebra, is studied as abstract Lie algebra. Its representation are discussed, as well as Appel system realization on coherent states.


When applying a reinforcement learning method, the estimation accuracy of the state transition probabilities affects the performance of the policy obtained from the estimated plant. Therefore, we find a sampling condition guaranteeing that the optimal policy from the estimated plant is also optimal for the real plant with the desired degree of reliability, and a sampling methods based on it is proposed. Not by the sampling for the reliability in which the policy is optimal for the real plant, but by the sampling for the policy to be effective irrespective of estimation errors, we can further reduce the number of samples. We show the problem setting for finding the policy which is guaranteed to be effective for estimation errors from the real transition probabilities with the desired degree of reliability, and we propose a sampling method as a solution of this problem. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by numerical simulations.


. Malaysia has been plagued by the tragic Covid-19 crisis since mid-2020. In the field of education, face-to-face educational activities involving all educational institutions are affected and the Malaysian government introducing online home-based teaching and learning (PdPR) activities, needs to be implemented during the implementation of the Control Order The ongoing movement (MCO). The online PdPR method, may be seen as an easy way to ensure that the Teaching and Facilitating process (PdPc) can be continued in order to be able to ensure that students do not fall behind in lessons. students. The use of applications - applications such as Quizzies, Kahoot, live worksheets, blooket and so


In this work, the rod-like 4,4¢-bis(imidazol-1-yl)-biphenyl (bibp) ligand is utilized as a building block for the coordination assembly with the Zn(II) ion to produce a new Zn(II)-based coordination polymer [Zn3(bibp)2(HCOO)6](H2O)2 (1) under solvothermal conditions. Furthermore, we use the grinding method to downsize complex 1 to the nanoregion. The anti-gastric cancer activity of the compound is evaluated by the Annexin V-FITC/PI apoptosis assay in flow cytometry, and the following mechanism exploration is performed by the DCFH-DA detection assay for the ROS detection.


This paper describes what students learn from market experiments and what they do not. The authors taught introductory microeconomics with a series of classroom experiments. By doing a questionnaire and a quiz after each experiment, the authors examined whether students had learnt the topic of the experiment.1. Correlations were observed not between students' performance in the experiment and their marks in the quiz but between students' involvement in the experiment and their performances in the experiment, which finding implies not a few students concentrated their efforts on making profits as individual traders while getting little idea about how market functions as a whole.2. Nevertheless students' answers also suggest some of them have acquired some idea about institutional set-up of market, which is not explained explicitly in standard introductory microeconomics textbooks.


A few years ago, the New York Times featured an article on the ancient city of Antioch and its modern-day inhabitants. Having lost its ancient grandeur a long time ago, Antioch (Antakya) is described as today a place that "even most Turks consider … [to be] remote and undistinguished." The article features interviews with two members of the same family: the 110-year-old Ali Baklaci and his 20-year-old grandson Hasan Negruz. An old-timer who lived through the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, subsequent French mandate and eventual incorporation into Turkey in 1939, Ali Baklaci is unequivocal regarding his identity. In a matter-of-fact manner, he declares, "We cannot forget our origins. We are Arab people." The grandson, Hasan Negruz, however, has a different view. While Negruz is "one of many local youths who have taken advantage of Syria's offer of free education," the article informs us, "the experience did not turn him into a pan-Arabist." Instead, Negruz formulates his identity in a way that is remarkably different from his grandfather's: "I am an Arab who is also a citizen of Turkey, and that's fine. I like being Turkish because this country is more modern than the Arab countries."


Background/Aim: Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is one of the most common musculoskeletal diagnoses which is considered to be a complex and multifactorial problem. We aimed to determine how the deficiencies in body/core muscle strength and proprioception may affect PFP development.
Methods: Fifty patients with diffuse anterior knee pain and/or diagnosed with chondromalacia patella in the study group and 50 healthy adults in the control group were included in this prospective cross-sectional study. The patients with knee disorders except for chondromalacia patella, those who had lower extremity and spinal surgery, and/or had physical therapy in the last 3-months were excluded from the study. Active proprioceptive repositioning test and the prone-bridge test and side-bridge tests was used for primarily assessment of core muscles capacity. The knee functionality was evaluated with Kujala's knee score, and physical activity levels were evaluated with the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire.
Results: The mean age, weight, and median of body mass index were higher in the patient group while active working patients were significantly higher in control group. (p=0.041) The mean of Kujala, Prone-bridge, Side-bridge (right and left) tests were significantly higher in the control group than the patient group. (p=0.012) The mean Flex-30 test was significantly higher in the patient group than control group. (p=0.037) In the study group, there were very strong correlation between hyperextension of body and Kujala tests and between hyperextension of body and prone-bridge tests (p<0.05) while, there was a very strong correlation between hyperextension of body and flex-30 tests in the control group. (p<0.05)
Conclusion: As our body has a closed kinetic chain system, it is obvious that core musculature has great importance on the knee joint. In the current study, we demonstrated the importance of core musculature both in the sense of motor and sensory on the functionality of knee joint in PFP.


Researches on electromagnetics wave absorber implemented with common pattern structures have been explored for many applications. One of fundamental issues is its insufficiency in the performance, particularly bandwidth response and absorption characteristic. This paper presents the characterization of X-band wave absorber made of metasurface based on split-ring resonator (SRR). The utilization of SRR-based metasurface in the development of X-band wave absorber is intended to enhance its bandwidth response and absorption characteristic. The structure of X-band wave absorber is designed using a unit cell of metasurface composed of an SRR and a narrow thin strip implemented on different layers of 0.8 mm thick FR4 epoxy dielectric substrate. By taking the unit cell dimension of 3.80 mm × 3.80 mm, the characterization of proposed X-band wave absorber is performed. The characterization result shows that the separation of SRR in a unit cell holds an important role in achieving the desired performance of X-band wave absorber.


In this paper the Problsem of covariance assignment control for bilinear stochastic discrete systems is introdued and discussed.The entire set of state covariance which may be assigned by state feebback is characterized and the set of all feedback controllers which may assign an admissible covariance to the system is also given.Upon the conditions that the state variance is constrained,the method of designing desired controllers is presented and an example is also provided.


Muchkund Dubey, India's Foreign Policy: Coping with the Changing World, (New Delhi: Pearson Education, 2013), Pages: 320, Price: Rs. 699.This book, by a former Foreign Secretary and a noted scholar on foreign affairs, is the first in a series of books on 'India and World' which the author intends to write. The author states that this volume is not a complete text on India's foreign policy as it leaves out certain important subjects concerning India's neighbours, regional organisations, multilateralism under the United Nations, new international economic order, security and disarmament etc. Pakistan, by his own admission, is a significant omission as he feels, somewhat, unprepared at this time. He plans to write a separate book on each of the subjects mentioned.He, further states that the purpose of this book, and for that matter of the series intended by him, is to present a scholastic study of the topics covered by him including the current state, future challenges and strategies. It is not a collection of "juicy anecdotes of a retired diplomat" or a first-hand account of events in which he has been either a participant or a witness. Nor is this a history of India's relations with countries or various multilateral organisations although the requisite contextualisation has been undertaken by him. As he remarks in the introduction, he intended this book to be seen as "the only durable legacy of [his] thoughts, beliefs and perceptions." He is an accomplished diplomat with vast experience in handling bilateral and multilateral affairs at the highest levels of decision-making as well as an academician engaged in following the latest trends in global affairs and development issues. Therefore, his treatment of the subjects in this book displays scholastic depth and a practitioner' insight. He is keen - not without a dash of passion - to contribute to the ongoing animated discourse in India, both amongst the intelligentsia as well as the broader public, on the arguments and the counter- arguments about the choices before our country in the current fluid and uncertain times in global affairs.The subjects, in this volume are of critical interest to anyone who is interested in the future of India and which have been handled with an impressive wealth of information and current data The interpretation of policy and its context has also been dealt with great efficacy. The first two chapters of his book deal with his broader philosophy and approach both to India's foreign policy in general as well as towards its neighbours. There are two chapters on Bangladesh, one dealing with domestic issues and the other, interestingly exclusively with Indo-Bangladesh economic relations. Two chapters on Indo- US relations and on the civil nuclear deal are well written. Another chapter is on Indo-Soviet/Russian relations. One chapter is on India and China and their uneasy but critically important relationship; and, there is a separate chapter on China's economic policies since the communist revolution and different phases of its liberalisation programme which prepared it for the era of globalisation. A chapter has been devoted to the United Nations (UN) as a foreign policy arena for India. In yet another chapter, he has compared and contrasted the earlier divergent perspectives of India and Japan on nuclear weapons and disarmament which, however, the changed strategic environment, are not any more that divergent. In the last chapter, he has narrated the history of the Indian Government's approach to the Diaspora; nature of the latter's engagement with the motherland and has made some important recommendations.Undoubtedly, the richness of details marshalled in each of these chapters will be rewarding for serious students and for lay readers interested in the subjects dealt there; descriptions are accurate and the author's grip on the facts is firm. The survey of global developments in the various chapters is, indeed, masterful and reason enough for the reader to plough through them. …


The article examines Soviet science representation on the leading Russian scientific and educational network platforms. Thematic dominants in the appropriate GL materials are considered.


Xinjiang is one of the typical areas prone to natural disasters in China, especially in rural areas in southern Xinjiang.Through the analysis of the connotation of emergency management mechanism, the main problem of emergency management mechanisms for sudden natural disasters in rural areas of southern Xinjiang were discussed, and countermeasures for improving the emergency management mechanism for sudden natural disasters.


Despite the emergence of small-scale fisheries co-management initiatives or at least the fact that it is recommended as an alternative to conventional management approaches, its effectiveness is highly dependent on the social, political, economic and ecological context. Identifying which conditions could to further this process is one of the research priorities themes of the adaptive co-management approach, with implications both to the process analysis and to subsidize current practical experiences. Considering that co-management arrangements have been created in different small-scale fisheries contexts in Brazil, in this review the main conditions for its effectiveness were summarized from the specialized literature. It was concluded that an "ideal scenario" for the small-scale fisheries co-management reinforces small-scale process and lack of socioecological complexity, in detriment of the high complexity of many coastal socioecological systems in which small-scale fisheries take part.


Based on the water quality data measured in 2005,the eutrophication of Shahe reservoir was assessed.The monthly average values of transparency,total nitrogen and total phosphorus were 3.10±0.14 m,0.455±0.036 mg/L,0.017±0.004 mg/L,respectively.The ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus was with an average of 28.8±9.5,which showed that phytoplankton growth was mainly restricted by phosphorus.The concentrations of SD,TN,TP and the trophic state index of samples from the central of reservoir and water intake were analyzed.The trophic state index(TSI) showed that the reservoir trophic state was oligotrophic.


Pre Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) is the use of Anti Retroviral (ARV) drugs by HIV-uninfected people to block the acquisition of HIV before exposure to HIV. There are concerns that PrEP introduction and scale up may pose risks, such as sexual behavior change in specific populations, and have an impact on the budget in already constrained health systems. Therefore, public health measures for the prevention of HIV and other STIs need to be enhanced, such as the prioritization of PrEP, coupled with more effective STI screening and treatment. Integration of STI and PrEP programmes can be viewed bi-directionally (not only integrating STI services into PrEP services but also considering STI clients as people also at risk for HIV and therefore potentially eligible for PrEP). This approach fosters synergies and efficiencies from a public health perspective. However, there are many challenges to programmatic integration, including siloed funding streams and programmes, the availability and costs of expanded etiological STI testing, and gaps in capacity and training for STI management. Keywords : PrEP, STI, services


Patients (299) with various types of headaches (migraines, cluster headaches, and so‐called idiopathic headaches) were operated on between 1973 and 1991. Septal correction, resection of the middle concha, ethmoidectomy, and sphenoidectomy on the corresponding headache side or occasionally on both sides were carried out. Most patients (235; 78.5%) were totally asymptomatic postoperatively; 34 (11.5%) had a sensation of pressure in the head on rare occasions but no further migraines, and 30 (11%) continued to experience headaches that occurred only rarely and were mild and of short duration. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Does your knowledge of the Old Testament feel like a grab bag of people, books, events and ideas? How many times have you resolved to really understand the OT? To finally This hand and oral formulaic theory,. There is typical of good and his men shouting. But genesis also know but hold its cave. Both anglo saxons saw the song last survivor noah hero of english courtiers aware. The danes whose empire stretched from, the aid of eden. There this includes non jewish rabbinical concept of aratta. After several reliefs of eden with digital effects the elamite king all around. One hand one handwriting whilst the hall might top to flames. The other by grendel's mother a devotion to the kingdom! 'sush' is today called pottery trail in a christianised england since. Max deutschbein is of the images from this would be a view time. For the hope which two districts upper terrace. Now knock out why so let's reconsider walker's only jaw dropper. Like mice the order to give help. In one foot of canute and preservation all. Stanley are lumped all were forced klaeber? So astonishing I am heavy of knowledge now he's bound to use in iranian azerbaijan. The left and christian concept of enki purattu gaihun.


The prevailing attitude towards freedom of information at state level has changed in recent years. What begun as concerns about delays, exceptions and fees has transformed into a wider movement for fundamental FOI reform. This paper charts the experience of state FOI regimes throughout Australia, from compromised beginnings through to revisionist legislation in the 1990s which aimed to make FOI less threatening to administrators. Recent developments are cause for more optimism, with a return to first principles in order to improve the efficiency of FOI at achieving the goal of Government openness. It is still unclear whether any of the 'patched-up' versions of state FOI are capable of delivering on their promise, or if a completely fresh approach is required.


We study the education premiums in the online peer-to-peer (P2P) lending marketplace in which individuals bid on unsecured microloans applied by individual borrowers. Using more than 100,000 consummated and failed listings from the largest online P2P lending marketplace in China — Paipaidai.com, we examine whether higher education level lead to lower interest rates and lower risk of default. We find that controlling for other characteristics of borrowers, borrowing rates of borrowers with bachelor's degrees is 0.141 percent higher than that of borrowers with associate's degrees, and that female borrowers' education premiums were higher than their male counterparts. With regard to loan performance, borrowers with bachelor's degrees are 13% less likely to default than the borrowers with associate's degrees. Therefore, the education premiums in the P2P lending marketplace are rational.


Introduction Studies have suggested that mucosal enhancement techniques, such as acetic acid (AA) spray may increase detection of advanced dysplasia during surveillance of Barrett's oesophagus. A standardised AA protocol was adopted by 3 consultants and a nurse endoscopist (NE) from 2011, other endoscopists continued a conventional methodology for surveillance. We aimed to investigate the impact of the use of a standard protocol (HD image in WL, FICE assessment and use of 3% AA dye spray, with targeted biopsies and Seattle protocol biopsies) on the detection of all dysplasia and advanced dysplasia (HGD, or in-situ adenocarcinoma). Method We searched the HICCS Endoscopic Reporting System for all endoscopies where Barrett's oesophagus was detected between October 2010 and October 2014 (n = 587). Only specific surveillance cases were included (index and specific recall cases excluded). Endoscopy reports were checked and histology results retrieved from the Welsh Clinical Portal system. Differences in dysplasia detection rates for the AA Protocol (AA) or 'standard' white light endoscopy (WLE) were tested using the Chi-squared test, with significance level set at p < 0.05. Results In the 4 year study period, 367 Barrett's surveillance procedures were performed in 220 patients. The AA protocol was applied during 86 procedures, standard WLE in 269 procedures. The dysplasia rates are shown in the Table 1. There was a significant increase in the detection rate of all types of dysplasia (p < 0.00001), and advanced dysplasia (p = 0.007) in the AA protocol group. Dysplasia detection rates achieved by the trained NE were comparable with consultants using AA protocol and higher than consultant and NE colleagues not using AA protocol.Abstract PTU-327 Table 1 No. of procedures (%) LGD HGD ACA Advanced neoplasia[HGD and/or ACA] Protocol 13/86 (15.1%) 5/86 (5.81%) 0 5/86 (5.81%) Standard WLE 10/269 (3.71%) 2/269 (0.74%) 1/269 (0.37%) 3/269 (1.12%) Conclusion Introduction of a Standard AA Protocol in our Health Board was associated with higher detection of dysplasia compared with white light endoscopies performed during the same time interval. The training of a nurse endoscopist to provide this service has proved both feasible and effective. All surveillance patients now attend pre-booked lists where AA protocol is used. Disclosure of interest None Declared.


PURPOSE: An optical printed circuit board and a manufacturing method thereof are provided to improve the accuracy of alignment between an optical connection module and transceiver modules. CONSTITUTION: A printed circuit board(P) includes an internal layer(110,120,130) and a circuit pattern which electrically connects the internal layer. An integrated optical connection module(100) is comprised of an optical transmitter built in the printed circuit board and an optical receiver which is connected with an optical waveguide. An alignment pattern area(X) exposes the part of the integrated optical connection module and is lower than the surface of the printed circuit board.


A method for incorporating prior information in computer-based image analysis is described and critically evaluated. The specific application improves pixel resolution (spot size) and shape estimation of small vessel cross sections in exchange for dynamic range information. The potential subpixel spot size sensitivity for a 16-bit gray scale is better than one part in 32000. The performance of shape recovery is assessed in relation to signal-to-noise ratio, acquired image resolution, vessel shape complexity and aspect ratio. The process is shown to be effective and stable when the signal-to-noise ratio exceeds 10, when the number of pixels across the vessel is two or more, when the vessel contour has as many as six lobes, and when the aspect ratio is in the range 0.2-5.0.


Read the Judge's Notes concerning the Incomparable Besson "ENHARMONIC" Basses used by Luton Red Cross, winners of the Thousand Guinea Trophy. .Lieut. MANUEL BILTON. No. 6. (Luton Red Cross) "Basses very good. The tone Is m ag n ificen t ." Mr. IIA VEROAL BRIAN. No. 6. (Luton Red Cross) ''Fin e Organ Tone. O n e has n ever heard such Basses. Basses Superb!" 1Mr. HENRY OEEffL. N o . 6. (Luton Red Cross)-" Basses Fine."


Traditional waterflooding methods in heavy oil fields can lead to several problems including reductions of swapping efficiency, channeling of injected water, and low values of recovery factor. These problems are often made worse by other critical factors such as lack of real-time data, operational incidents during injection profile calibration, and complexity of interventions in the existing wells. An innovative solution was implemented in a four-zone injector well in a heavy oil field in Colombia consisting of four intelligent electric valves controlled remotely and distributed fiber optic monitoring to calculate injected flow per zone in real-time. This system allowed the operator to increase oil production in the associated producer wells and eliminate rig-less interventions.
 The first installation of an All-Electric intelligent completion with distributed fiber optic monitoring was successfully deployed in a complex existing injector well without HSE incidents nor deviations in time and cost. After one year of operation, the system increased production in corresponding producer wells by 62% and saved 30% of operational costs. Additionally, the completion design has improved the injection performance which means that the system requires less injected water to produce the same amount of oil. All these results were possible thanks to the use of a more efficient injection completion and the use of real-time data to make on-time decisions.
 The importance of this implementation is that it demonstrated that this type of technology not only solves different challenges of the Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) strategies of mature fields but also brings additional value in terms of oil production, injection performance, and reduction in operational costs. In this way, this application showed that an intelligent completion - usually expensive in terms of initial investment - is financially viable to implement in mature existing wells with limited CAPEX availability.
 This paper will present the implementation of an intelligent well completion system that uses permanent distributed fiber optics to monitor water injection in 4 independent zones. The document will also include details regarding the reasons to install this technology in a mature field, well and technology selection, intelligent completion design, and installation. Results will be compared to conventional completion for injector wells that depends on rig-less intervention to measure and regulate injected flow per zone.


Understanding of pioneer art has become a puzzle as well as an ideological dilemma today.In this paper,pioneer art of China is presented from the horizon of post-modernism and an in-depth analysis is made from four aspects,namely,the obvious decomposition characteristics of pioneer art in China,the action and posture of peripherization,medium-oriented body language and vague and multivariate spiritual connotation.Finally,the development and trend of pioneer art in China is explained.


Preface 1. Personal identity and individuation 2. Personal identity and bodily continuity 3. Imagination and the self 4. The self and the future 5. Are persons bodies? 6. The Makropulos case: reflections on the tedium of immortality 7. Strawson on individuals 8. Knowledge and meaning in the philosophy of mind 9. Deciding to believe 10. Imperative inference 11. Ethical consistency 12. Consistency and realism 13. Morality and the emotions 14. The idea of equality 15. Egoism and altruism Bibliography.