The toxicity of traditional Chinese medicines is one of the basic properties of traditional Chinese medical pharmacology theory. Chinese medical doctors have a long history of understanding the toxicity of traditional Chinese medicines, and have adopted the methods of compatibility and processing to achieve synergistic and toxicity-attenuating effects. This article summarized several aspects including the properties and toxicity of traditional Chinese medicines, the processing methods and functions, current researches on the toxicity-attenuation by processing of traditional Chinese medicines, and the prospects on toxicity and processing of traditional Chinese medicines. The toxicity of traditional Chinese medicines should be treated correctly, and rationally recognized and used in both basic research and clinical application.

Key words:
Toxicity of traditional Chinese medicines; Processing of traditional Chinese medicines; Toxicity; Detoxification


Trade union organizations must adhere to the basic principle of putting people first and view their work in a broad context of the Party's overall consideration and the mainstream of social development. They should change their work approach from "rallying around the center" to "merging into the center", cling to the primary task of development, persist in self-improvement and enforcement, and comprehensively upgrade the work ability of trade unions as a whole.


For remote sensing and noisy environment applications, a frequency modulated (FM) or pulse width modulated (PWM) output is more desirable than an analog voltage. FM and PWM outputs inherently have better noise immunity for these types of applications. Generally, FM outputs are more widely accepted than PWM outputs, because PWM outputs are restricted to a fixed frequency. However, obtaining a stable FM output is difficult to achieve without expensive, complex circuitry. With either an FM or PWM output, a microcontroller can be used to detect edge transitions to translate the time-domain signal into a digital representation of the analog voltage signal. In conventional voltage-to-frequency (V/F) conversions, a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) may be used in conjunction with a microcontroller. This use of two time bases, one analog and one digital, can create additional inaccuracies. With either FM or PWM outputs, the microcontroller is only concerned with detecting edge transitions. If a programmable frequency, stable PWM output could be obtained with simple, inexpensive circuitry, a PWM output would be a cost-effective solution for noisy environment/remote sensing applications while incorporating the advantages of frequency outputs. The Pulse Width Modulated Output Pressure Sensor design (Figure 1) utilizes simple, inexpensive circuitry to create an output waveform with a duty cycle that is linear to the applied pressure. Combining this circuitry with a single digital time base to create and measure the PWM signal, results in a stable, accurate output. Two additional advantages of this design are 1) an A/D converter is not required, and 2) since the PWM output calibration is controlled entirely by software, circuit-to-circuit variations due to component tolerances can be nullified. The PWM Output Sensor system consists of a Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. MPX5000 series pressure sensor, a ramp generator (transistor switch, constant current source, and capacitor), a comparator, and an MC68HC05P9 microcontroller. These subsystems are detailed in Figure 1.


SUMMARY Cryptosporidium oocysts were observed in the stools of 9 (7·2%) of 124 Italian children with diarrhoea, examined during the period 1 January—31 December 1984. In two children, the parasite was associated with other enteric pathogens. The duration of diarrhoea was 2–30 days, with a median of 6 days. In all cases the infection was self limiting. The mean age of the Cryptosporidium-positive children was 34 months, and all cases occurred in the warm season. Cryptosporidium was found to be the third most common enteric pathogen after rotavirus and Salmonella spp.


Less than half of all delirium in persons with dementia is identified. By 2050, 14 million older persons in the United States will have dementia. These individuals are more likely to be hospitalized than those without dementia, and more than 50% will experience delirium during hospitalization. Previous work suggests that delirium may accelerate the clinical course and trajectory of cognitive decline, and is associated with worse outcomes and suffering. Despite this evidence, we know little about clinician experience with screening and management of delirium superimposed on dementia (DSD). Therefore, we interviewed hospital‐based clinicians to inform implementation of hospital‐wide systematic delirium identification, including clinician knowledge and experience with DSD.


The European process of harmonization in the field of energy: contextualisation. A prior step towards an energt union: a fully-integrated internal energy market. A necessary precondition for a competitive internal energy market: the issue of unbundling.


Twelve jingjin (meridian sinew) is an important component of TCM meridian and collateral system,which is closely related to twelve meridian vessel.There are two contradictory opinions in the study on jingjin essential:muscle theory and nerve theory.System science is holism relative to reductionism,and it applied the views of systemic structure,controlling,information to study the emergency mechanism of subject's function and information.The paper indicated qualitatively that jingjin is an organic and systemic organization in human body,consisting of linear organizations consecutively with tension proprioceptive,such as muscle spindles,sinews,ligaments and joint capsules,which unites the figure,function and perceptual information.This opinion is based on the contradictory point in the interpretation of jingjin theory,thought of systemic science,theory and exercise of yijinjing qigong,modern human anatomy and sport physiology.The systemic structure,function,interactive relationship with muscle,and perceptual information mechanism of jingjin were analysed carefully.Finally,the paper answered the questions about the circulation laws and clinical symptoms of TCM jingjin system and the relationship between it and spirit based on the above opinion,and explained the rationality,applicability and scientificity of jingjin theory.


Two kinds of experiment methods on water and solute movement in macro porous soils are minutely introduced in this paper. One experiment method is for determining distribution of soil macropore size, the another is for studying water movement in macro porous soil. It is indicated that observation methods should be improved and a large number of experiments are need to be conducted to obtain a vast amount of data, and so that the macropore flow problems can be studied qualitatively and quantitatively. Finally, some recent achievements in application of fractal geometry theory in macropore flow research are introduced. It is also indicated that fractal geometry is a useful method to estimate macropore flow properties.


Given the complexity of many queries over a Data Warehouse (DW), it is interesting to precompute and store in the DW the answer sets of some demanding operations, so called materialized views. In this paper, we present an algorithm, including its experimental evaluation, which allows the materialization of several views simultaneously without losing sight of processing costs for queries using these materialized views.


Introduction: Brain-death is the end stage of most illnesses that cause brain injury and decrease oxygenation and circulation of brain tissues. Early determination of brain-death isessential to the prevention of expensive modeling in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU)and reserving facilities for patients with good prognosis. Apnea test is one of the importantbrain-death determining methods in clinical evaluation that can be performed easier and fasterthan other methods. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 75 patients with brain-death criteria were evaluated from2003-2011. Apnea testing was fulfilled through standard methods. Patients who did not develop spontaneous respiration at PaCo level of 60 mmHg or more were confirmed as brain-dead. Results: Mean age of patients was 40 months. All patients were comatose, without brainstemreflexes. Cause of coma was status epilepticus in most patients. All patients that had a positive apnea test died after a mean duration of 8 days.Conclusion: All other confirmative methods, irrespective of their accuracy, need complexinstruments and experienced manpower, and are expensive which makes their preparation impossible in most ICU centers. However, apnea test is a simple prognostic method in braindeathconfirmationwith100%accuracy.


An introduction to Russia and the post-Soviet scene from Tsar to totalinariasm: the creation and collapse fo the Russian and Soviet empires from Soviet planned economy to post-Soviet market economies population trends in the post-Soviet scene privatization of the Soviet city natural resources management in the Soviet and post-Soviet eras managing the land: from peasant to proprietor energy in the Soviet and post-Soviet eras industrial restructuring and market reform quality of life in the era of the new economy the politics of place.


One of the most essential, critical, and sensitive areas in the biomedical world is premature baby care. To cope with the exterior environment, a preterm newborn requires a similar milieu to that of the womb. The device delivers precise information about the newborn baby and continuously sends information to guardians or doctors who are far away from the youngster. Infants must be housed in an incubator to give a similar environment to that of the womb. A newborn incubator maintains a constant temperature and relative humidity. The temperature of the air must be kept constant. The purpose of this discussion is to plan and implement a control system that will operate and keep track of the dominant parameters. One of the most crucial, delicate, and significant areas in the biomedical profession is preterm baby care. For a preterm baby to adapt to the outside world, their surroundings must be exactly like that of the womb. The system keeps on checking various parameters in real time of an incubator or baby cradle and will inform the admin about all values of the baby cradle globally. Even we can check the position of the baby by using the camera with the device and can get notifications from the incubator using IOT. The system is really helpful now a days because it requires less human use as we can put the baby anywhere so that the parents can do their work easily and monitor all the activities of the baby and took a good care of the infants by getting the notifications on phone. This system is really helpful for the infants who need extra care after their birth.


ABSTRACT This essay proposes an alternative curatorial approach in response to the Covid-19 crisis that has shaken the art world and its institutions. It analyzes an exhibition that opened shortly before the pandemic and reflects on the curators' choice to consider Covid not merely a limitation or constraint, but also as an opportunity to reevaluate curatorial practices within a university gallery. The exhibition Plan(e)t focuses on the relationships between humans and plants as key to future survival on our planet. In embracing the slowness that Covid has imposed upon humanity, it offers a version of 'slow museology' adapted to 2020. Instead of suspending, canceling, or digitizing the exhibition, it was both preserved and expanded, by adding a corresponding outdoor project. Together, the interior and exterior elements of the exhibition form a new interplay of viewing conditions, transforming the gallery's function during times of uncertainty.


The lead-free piezoelectric ceramic composition with high piezoelectric performance is one perovskite type environment consistency piezoelectric ceramic composition. The composition has the general expression of (1-x)(Bi1-yLy)1-w(Na1-zLiz)wTiO3+xBaTiO3+ +aMalphaObeta, where x is 0-1, y 0-0.1, z 0-0.1, w 0.3-0.7, L is RE elements La, Y, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, etc.; MalphaObeta is doping oxide(s) in the content an of 0-10 %; M is +1~+6 valent element capable of forming solid oxide, such as Na, K, Li, Ni, Zn, Cr, etc. with alpha and beta being atom number. The piezoelectric ceramic composition has d33 up to 200 pC/N, kp up to 35.0 % and stable technological process, may be produced via traditional piezoelectric ceramic preparation process and industrial material, and is practical.


In the present cross-sectional study, eggs collected from retail outlets were analyzed for physicochemical and microbial quality. Comparisons were made between ?sanitized? (cleaned, sanitized, and retailed after packaging) and ?unsanitized? (not subjected to cleaning, sanitization, and packaging) retail table eggs that originated from ?commercial? and ?backyard? (eggs retailed loose without any cleaning, sanitization, or packaging) farms. A total of 1120 eggs collected from retail markets were analyzed for physicochemical (weight, shell thickness, shape, yolk index, albumen index, Haugh unit, color, and pH) and microbial (total viable count, and yeast and mold counts) characteristics. Eggs collected from retail markets were found to significantly differ with respect to weight, shell thickness, yolk index, albumen index, Haugh unit, yolk color, and total viable counts (P < 0.01), but not shape index, pH, or yeast and mold counts. Discriminant analysis corroborated the categorization of table eggs and results of the present study showed differentiation of origin of table eggs based on physicochemical characteristics whereby processed eggs possessed better microbial quality attributes than unprocessed and backyard eggs. Processing of table eggs encompassing hygienic handling, cold storage, and treatment of eggs would deliver wholesome eggs to the consumers through the retail table egg supply chain.


Ventilator associated-lower respiratory tract infections (VA-LRTI) represent the most common complication of mechanical ventilation. Current diagnostics are time-consuming, making a prompt and accurate diagnosis challenging. Exhaled breath may contain volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that derive from pathophysiological processes, either from pathogens or from the host in response to infection. The promising new field of exhaled breath metabolomics may provide new perspectives for the diagnosis of VA-LRTI. The primary aim of this thesis was to study the diagnostic value of exhaled breath analysis for VA-LRTI. Not only did we aim to examine the ability of breathomics to differentiate between pneumonia patients and patients with negative cultures, also the potential to distinguish between different causative pathogens was investigated.


In engineering drawing, it is always inconvenient for orthographic projection to solve some measurement and orientation problems. In order to simplify drawing, this paper introduced a method of line secondary projection. It has been proved that the presented method is very simple and effective.


The continuous improvements in memory, storage devices, and network technologies of commodity hardware introduce new challenges and opportunities in tiered storage management. Whereas past work is exploiting storage tiers in pairs or for specific applications, OctopusFS---a novel distributed file system that is aware of the underlying storage media---offers a comprehensive solution to managing multiple storage tiers in a distributed setting. OctopusFS contains auto-mated data-driven policies for managing the placement and retrieval of data across the nodes and storage tiers of the cluster. It also exposes the network locations and storage tiers of the data in order to allow higher-level systems to make locality-aware and tier-aware decisions. This demonstration will showcase the web interface of OctopusFS, which enables users to (i) view detailed utilization information for the various storage tiers and nodes, (ii) browse the directory namespace and perform file-related actions, and (iii) execute caching-related operations while observing their performance impact on MapReduce and Spark workloads.


ABSTRACT Donkey milk is a valuable product for babies suffering from multiple-allergies and cosmetic production; therefore, new dairy donkey farms are opening around Europe. Little information is available for farmers on sustainable production of donkey milk, including animal welfare, milk production, and processing. Targeted dissemination of information on appropriate animal management would assist dairy donkey farmers in preventing welfare problems. This research project aims to develop guidelines on good practice principles for sustainable donkey milk production. Different steps were followed to develop the guidelines: identification of key issues for dairy donkey welfare, analysing the results of previous project and the available scientific literature; systematic review research to select promising solutions for each issue included in the guidelines; stakeholder consultation, in order to increase scientific soundness and to enhance their acceptability throughout the sector; guidelines drafting and revisions by stakeholders;5. guidelines launch.The guidelines 'Dairy donkeys: good practice principles for sustainable donkey milk production' were launched in December 2017. They include suggestions derived from scientific literature and/or reported by internationally recognised experts. The guidelines provide clear and helpful advice on good animal management practices for anyone interested in donkey milk production. They comprise the following chapters: 'Responsibilities', 'Feed and water', 'Housing and Management', 'Donkey health care', 'Humane killing', 'Appropriate behaviour', and 'Milking procedures'. The guidelines, translated in different languages (Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, French, Greek and Chinese Mandarin) are freely available online. Highlights The guidelines "Dairy donkeys: good practice principles for sustainable donkey milk production" are freely available online in six languages The guidelines provide clear and helpful advice on good animal management practices for anyone interested in donkey milk production The guidelines include suggestions derived from scientific literature and/or reported by internationally recognised experts


Ecosystem restoration implies focusing on multiple trophic levels and ecosystem functioning, yet higher trophic levels, that is, animals, are less frequently targeted by restoration than plants. Habitat diversity, the spatial heterogeneity between and within habitat patches in a landscape, is a well‐known driver of species diversity, and offers possible ways to increase species diversity at multiple trophic levels. We argue that habitat diversity is central in whole‐ecosystem restoration as we review its importance, provide a practical definition for its components, and propose ways to target it in restoration. Restoration targeting habitat diversity is used commonly in aquatic ecosystems, mostly to increase the physical diversity of habitats, meant to provide more niches available to a higher number of animal species. To facilitate the uptake of habitat diversity in terrestrial ecosystem restoration, we distinguish between compositional and structural habitat diversity, because different animal groups will respond to different aspects of habitat diversity. We also propose four methods to increase habitat diversity: varying the starting conditions to obtain divergent successional pathways, emulating natural disturbances, establishing keystone structures, and applying ecosystem engineer species. We provide two case studies to illustrate how these components and methods can be incorporated in restoration. We conclude that targeting habitat diversity is a promising way to restore habitats for a multitude of species of animals and plants, and that it should become mainstream in restoration ecology and practice. We encourage the restoration community to consider compositional and structural habitat diversity and to specifically target habitat diversity in ecosystem restoration.


By utilizing the approximation method of self-consistent average value,the eigenvalue is given for nonlinear harmonic oscillators with third power or fourth power potential.The results coincide with the ones derived from perturbation method.


Jason Griffith's new book in the Routledge Eye on Education series is a muchneeded intervention. Under the Common Core State Standards, nonfiction texts have new prominence, but student experiential writing is often neglected in favor of argumentative, persuasive, or informative composition; and reading narrative, whether fiction or nonfiction, is sometimes discouraged. As Griffith's title suggests, narrative nonfiction offers an opportunity for student writers to move from telling about their experiences to engaging, moving, and even conrepresentations of information. In his reading unit, Griffith designs activities "to help students discover a book's value for themselves" (20); but he also provides rationales for group study of a common text that are grounded in the value of social negotiation of meaning. Among his most illuminating strategies are "empathy checkins" and "collaborative chapter notes." With the empathy check, a class assesses how a writer's narrative strategies affect their responses to both the writer and other characters, thereby connecting discussions of writing craft to personal responses. Collaborative chapter notes invite groups to document their observations about a text by using writing to share emerging understandings in Google Docs in ways reminiscent of literature circle discussions. Overall, through the strategies he describes and through his inclusion of student work samples, Griffith illustrates the invaluable dialogue between personal response and group engagement in textbased analysis.


Conventional petroleum reservoir simulators use constant rock compressibility to denote rock deformation. However, due to the stress-sensitive nature of the shale formations, using constant rock compressibility in reservoir simulators does not accurately capture the pressure diffusion in the reservoir, leading to a higher error margin in flow rate estimation. Fluid flow coupling with geomechanics is used to account for such a phenomenon numerically. Such an approach is important for shale numerical studies and any energy underground storage modeling (i.e., CO2 storage). Usually, when fluid flow coupling with geomechanics is studied for shale formations, the fluid, and the stimulated reservoir petrophysical properties are overlooked. This paper aims to present a study on the effect of the fluid and reservoir petrophysical properties on the performance of a gas-producing well. In addition, the results from the cases when geomechanics is coupled and decoupled with fluid flow in reservoir simulations are compared. The governing equations were discretized using the Finite Element Method. First, the model was validated against Terzaghi's consolidation theory analytical solution. After that, a history matching for the production flow rate was performed using field production data from Barnett Shale. Then a sensitivity analysis was carried out for the gas viscosity, Stimulated Reservoir Volume (SRV) porosity, and fracture conductivity. Next, the sensitivity analysis was conducted for the coupled and decoupled cases. Finally, the sensitivity analysis results were compared between the coupled and decoupled cases. The results show that lower gas viscosity, higher SRV porosity, and higher fracture conductivity improved horizontal well production performance. In addition, when the geomechanical effects were decoupled, the reservoir simulator overestimated the production flow rate and cumulative production.


Introduction and Aim: Knee Osteoarthritis (KOA) is a common degenerative joint disease which is one of the leading causes of disability in elderly people. Electromyography (EMG) is an electrophysiological method in evaluating skeletal muscle activity. Low-level laser (light) therapy (LLLT) is a modality of treatment used in several conditions required to suppress the pain, inflammation, stimulation of healing and restoration of function. Surface EMG parameters were studied before and after the low level laser therapy in subjects with knee osteoarthritis.
Materials and Methods: Subjects with knee OA participated in the study. Low level laser therapy (LLLT) was administered using a laser device with probe giving maximum power output of 10 mw with a wavelength of 810 nm. Surface electromyography (sEMG) of quadriceps muscles was recorded in all the study participants before and after the therapy. The parameters were statistically compared.
Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the maximum contraction and duration of contraction before and after the laser intervention in all the muscles.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that the muscle performance increased in the subjects with knee OA after the LLLT.


We study under the standpoint of integrable complex analytic 1-forms (complex analytic foliations), a class of second order ordinary differential equations with periodic coefficients. More precisely, we study Hill's equations of motion of the moon, which are related to the dynamics of the system Sun-Earth-Moon. We associate to the {\em complex Hill equation} an integrable complex analytic one-form in dimension three. This defines a {\it Hill foliation}. The existence of first integral for a Hill foliation is then studied. The simple cases correspond to the existence of rational or Liouvillian first integrals. We then prove the existence of a {\it Bessel type} first integral in a more general case. We construct a standard two dimensional model for the foliation which we call {\it Hill fundamental form}. This plane foliation is then studied also under the standpoint of reduction of singularities and existence of first integral. For the more general case of the Hill equation, we prove for the corresponding Hill foliation, the existence of a Laurent-Fourier type formal first integral. Our approach suggests that there may be a class of plane foliations admitting Bessel type first integrals, in connection with the classification of (holonomy) groups of germs of complex diffeomorphisms associate to a certain class of second order ODEs.


The experiment with different generation as its carrier to measure the enzyme activity during Saccharomyces Cerevisiae aging, and find enzyme activity have significant changes during yeast aging, providing a theoretical basis on identifying yeast aging. After several experiments to prove: with the yeast aging increases, protease activity gradually increased, lactase, α-amylase, nuclease activity decreasing.


By the method of documentation,interview,questionnaire survey and statistics,the paper researches the status quo of the sports exercises of the non-sport majors.It shows that there are many problems existing in the sports exercises of the postgraduate students.The participation rate is not optimistic and the exercise organization is poor.Then it proposes some countermeasures,such as changing the mindset of the management,paying high attention to the sports education,building the long-term mechanism of the physical education of the postgraduates,increasing the input of the sports facilities,organizing various activities,so as to provide theoretic references to the facilitate the organization and management of the physical sports of the postgraduate students and enhance the physical education and health of these students.


In this paper the authors present new approach to testing procedure for light vehicles which involves a better characteristics describing parameters. This method will allow one to obtain better correlation between the real output measurements and theoretical inputs used in the modelling. The new vehicle testing procedure, the Worldwide harmonized Light vehicle Test Procedure (WLTP) was introduced in 2017, whose purpose was to better emulate the vehicle natural operation, than the previously used test - the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC). It is our belief, that in the NEDC, the speed profile test might have been created for convenience of a study rather than a model for describing the real operations parameters. The differences in the outputs between the laboratory testing and real outputs convinced the experts to review the procedures and to implement some changes in the WLTP test procedures. These changes resulted in improved randomized speed profiles of various vehicles, which also attempt including driving habits of the drivers. However, there cannot be created universal profile for every case, therefore the differences between theoretical and the real one should be noticed. As a result, we were able to create a model and an instrument which can indicate the differences between the real conditions and theoretical ones. It is our goal that the correcting factors should take care of differences in the evaluation methods of different studies.


The relationship between gross domestic pro- duct (GDP) and dietary profile, with a focus on polyamine intake, was investigated in 35 Asian countries. Data on food supply, GDP, and health condition were collected from databases of the United Nations, the International Monetary Fund, and the World Health Organization, respectively. The amount of polyamine intake from food was estimated using polyamine concentrations listed in published sources. The amounts of putrescine, spermidine, spermine, and total polyamines in 1000 kcal of food in Asian countries were 39.07 ± 17.98, 33.74 ± 14.35, 14.05 ± 6.60 and 86.85 ± 33.96 μmol/1000 kcal, respectively. Putrescine, spermidine, and spermine constituted 44, 39, and 17% of total polyamine, respectively. Vegetables contributed the largest amount of both putrescine and spermidine and the second largest amount of spermine (45.5%, 62.2% and 27.2% of total putrescine, spermidine, and spermine, respectively). Meat was the richest source of spermine and contributed the greatest amount (50%) of this polyamine. We showed a significant positive association between GDP and the amount of polyamine per 1000 kcal of food. Lifespan was associated with both GDP and the amount of polyamine per energy quotient of food. As several basic research studies have shown that polyamines help prolong longevity, it follows that polyamines may have a role in determining the lifespan of humans.


The legendary Hermitage Museum has survived upheavals that few other museums have had to confront. But perhaps its greatest challenge lies in the future as it prepares to withstand a dramatically changing economic climate.


transfer characteristic, thereby increasing the dynamic range to more than 85dB. This inexpensive detector features a variable array length, compact drive electronics housed in a customized module, low-light level performance, a low dark current, and can operate at a data rate of up to 20 MHz. A commercially available linear sensor array has been operated in an unconventional way to achieve a compressive transfer characteristic, thereby increasing the dynamic range to more than 85 dB. This inexpensive detector features a variable


We report a case of sigmoid volvulus and recurrent acute appendicitis mimicking peptic ulcer disease in a previously undiagnosed malrotation of the gut in an adult. Our patient is a 34 year old woman, with recurrent left upper abdominal pain and acute on chronic intestinal obstruction secondary to sigmoid volvulus with malrotation of the gut, whose previous upper abdominal pain was misdiagnosed as recurrent peptic ulcer disease. Intraoperatively the patient appendix and sigmoid colon were found at the left upper abdomen and the right lower abdomen respectively resulting in atypical presentation of acute appendicitis. This case emphasize the importance of upper gastrointestinal endoscopic study prior to treatment of peptic ulcer disease and high index of suspicion / consideration of malrotation of the gut in adult patients with persistent abdominal pain often diagnosed as non specific abdominal pain. The diagnosis of malrotation of the gut is rarely considered in adult and often leads to delay and incorrect diagnosis of ordinarily common conditions. Thus a high index of suspicion is required when evaluating adult patients with non specific abdominal pain or lack of response to instituted treatment.


New photochromic molecules based on 1,2-bis(2-methylbenzo[b]thien-3-yl)hexafluorocyclopentenes and fluorescent 5,7-dihydro-1H-1,2,5,7,8-pentaaza-s-indacen-6-one or 1,7-dihydro-5-thia-1,2,7,8-tetraaza-s-indacen-6-one derivatives were synthesized via nucleophilic substitution. Photochromic properties of the compounds and composite mixtures of fluorophores and photochrome were investigated. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


A new process for preparation of bismuth subcarbonate by ball-milling coversion method using bismuth oxide has been proposed.The effects of ammonium bicarbonate concentrate,liquid/solid ratio,mass ratio of ball to bismuth oxide and milling time on conversion rate of bismuth oxide were examined.The results showed that the direct conversion rate of bismuth oxide colud reach 93.23% under the optimum conditions which the ammonium bicarbonate concentration was 2.5 mol/L,liquid/solid ratio was 7∶1,mass ratio of ball to bismuth oxide was 8∶1,and milling 2 hours at room temperature.The process has the advantage of short procedure,cheap reactant,low cost,and mother liquid can be utilized circularly.


A cooperative amplify-and-forward (AF) wireless relay scheme consisting of M sources, N relays, and L destinations all equipped with a single antenna is studied in this paper. The main objective is to design jointly and iteratively the closed-form of minimum mean square error (MMSE)-based source precode and relay amplifying matrices under a jamming environment with transmit power constraints and aggregate power constraints. With the derived optimal source precode and relay amplifying matrices, the jamming influence on system performance with both transmit and aggregate power constraints is examined numerically by using Monte-Carlo simulations.


NCO is widely used in many fields Based on the basic coordinate conversion, this paper derives the principle of CORDIC algorithm precisely; "Micro Rotation" and "Scale Precompensating" are described concisely A kind of pipeline CORDIC unit is used to implement the FG of NCO Spectrum analysis of the data which is the simulation results on a specific FPGA chip proves that the theory is valid


The paper examines the theory of Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) hypothesis to determine whether the hypothesis is valid for Ghana for the period 1960 to 2013, by employing the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test and the Kwiatkwski, Phillips, Schmidt and shin (KPSS) test on a single time series data to test the unit root properties of real exchange rate (Official exchange rate). It is found that real exchange rate have unit root or are non-stationary in levels. The findings suggest that the purchasing power parity hypothesis is not valid for the period under discussion.


Objective:To study the effects of Artemisunate on the growth of anchorage independence and expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in human colon carcinoma cell line HCT116. Methods:After colon cancer HCT116 cell were treated with different doses of Artemisunate, the growth of anchorage independence of cancer cell were studied in soft agar colony formation, and the protein level of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 were detected by Western blot. Results: Artemisunate could inhibit significantly. Artemisunate could down-regulate the level of protein of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in a dose and time dependent. Conclusion: Artemisunate could inhibit the growth of anchorage independence of colon carcinoma cell line HCT116 by down-regulation of expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1.


When the magnitude of a gaze is too large, human beings change the orientation of their head or body to assist their eyes in tracking targets because saccade alone is insufficient to keep a target at the center region of the retina. To make a robot gaze at targets rapidly and stably (as a human does), it is necessary to design a body–head–eye coordinated motion control strategy. A robot system equipped with eyes and a head is designed in this paper. Gaze point tracking problems are divided into two sub-problems: in situ gaze point tracking and approaching gaze point tracking. In the in situ gaze tracking state, the desired positions of the eye, head and body are calculated on the basis of minimizing resource consumption and maximizing stability. In the approaching gaze point tracking state, the robot is expected to approach the object at a zero angle. In the process of tracking, the three-dimensional (3D) coordinates of the object are obtained by the bionic eye and then converted to the head coordinate system and the mobile robot coordinate system. The desired positions of the head, eyes and body are obtained according to the object's 3D coordinates. Then, using sophisticated motor control methods, the head, eyes and body are controlled to the desired position. This method avoids the complex process of adjusting control parameters and does not require the design of complex control algorithms. Based on this strategy, in situ gaze point tracking and approaching gaze point tracking experiments are performed by the robot. The experimental results show that body–head–eye coordination gaze point tracking based on the 3D coordinates of an object is feasible. This paper provides a new method that differs from the traditional two-dimensional image-based method for robotic body–head–eye gaze point tracking.


The rates of diffusion of radioactive tracers of Fe, Co, and Ni in single crystals of pure copper have been measured as a function of temperature from about 700 to 1075 deg C. The results, obtained by the tracer-sectioning technique, are as follows: D/sub Fe yields Cu/ = 1.4 exp(-51,800/RT); D/sub Co yields Cu/ = 193 exp(--54,100/RT); D/sub Ni yields Cu/ = 2.7 exp(--56,500/RT); all in units of cm/sup 2/sec. An exploratory measurement for a Mn tracer in copper was made at 1069 deg C with the result D = 1.49 x 10/sup -8/ cm/sup 2/sec. The results of several current theoretical calculations are compared with the present data: Wert and Zener's correlation of D/sub O/ and Q is supported by the present work; the basic qualitative prediction of Lazarus' screening theory is borne out by the present results, although the extent of the detailed agreement is not clear at this time. The experimental data yielded unexpectedly large diffusion coefficients at low temperatures in some cases and several possible causes are considered. Finally, a new experimentel method is described for determining diffusion coefficients with tracers emitting only very low--energy particles. (auth)


In this chapter I examine the way in which current participatory frameworks shape planning practice, and particularly the possibilities for engagement by the public in shaping the future of their cities. Focusing on Sydney, NSW, I argue that the legal framework encourages a focus on private interests to the exclusion of broader social, environmental and economic issues. In doing so, however, the law treats these discussions of private rights as if they are representative of public interests, and heritage and character can be crucial in this process. The ideal of heritage as protecting common goods is thus subverted, reinforcing a competitive approach that is largely incompatible with the attainment of many human rights. I then argue that the right to the city offers a useful counterpoint. A particularly fluid right, the right to the city presents both a framework through which to reflect on current planning law and practice, and a point from which to expand debates on heritage and public participation more generally.


High dielectric constant rare earth lanthanum cerium oxide (LaxCeyOz) films have been studied as the passivation layers for silicon substrate. Effects of post-deposition annealing time (15, 30, and 45 min) at 700°C towards capacitance-voltage characteristics of the films were investigated. As the annealing time was increased from 15 to 45 min, negative flatband voltage shift was observed, signifying the presence of positive charges in the samples. Interface trap density value calculated for the samples has shown to be the lowest for the film annealed for 45 min, owing to the presence of silicate interfacial layer to improve the overall interfacial quality.


Tendon injuries are a common clinical problem and damaged tendon tissue heals very slowly and rarely regains its structural integrity and mechanical strength; thus re-tear rates and post-surgery are high. The development of new treatment options for injured tendons has been hindered by a limited understanding of basic tendon biology. Therefore, in this PhD research, an advanced mechanical cell stretcher was developed to enhance our understanding of tendon mechanobiology. A customized cell stretching device named the Cell Gym was developed. The device could generate a sufficient force and speed to stimulate tenocytes. The Cell Gym could also fit under a microscope during operation allowing simultaneous examination. Additionally, micro-channels of 10 μm in width by 5 μm in height were developed to align tenocytes onto the silicone culture dishes. A customized clamping mechanism was designed to couple the silicone culture dishes to the device. This mechanical system was validated top down from the device to the cellular level. The Cell Gym induced cyclic mechanical loading to the tenocytes attached on the silicone culture dishes. From these studies, tenocytes under mechanical loading exhibited better proliferation and expressed an increase in the COX-2 gene, a mechanotransduction mediator. Furthermore, the Cell Gym successfully mimicked in vivo knee extension exercises. In a subsequent study, the Cell Gym was also used to investigate dermal fibroblasts. This study demonstrated that the SCX gene was affected by substrate geometries. The Cell Gym is a versatile tool that enables researchers to investigate cell mechanobii


Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been popular for thousand years in prevention and treatment of chronic diseases synergistically with Western medicine while producing mild healing effects and lower side effects. Although many TCMs have been proven effective by modern pharmacological studies and clinical trials, their bioactive constituents and the remedial mechanisms are still not well understood. Researchers have made great efforts to explore the real theory of TCM for many years with different strategies. Development of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry within recent decade can provide scientists with robust technologies for disclosing the mysterious mask of TCM. In this paper, important innovations of HPLC and mass spectrometry are reviewed in the application of TCM analysis from single compound identification to metabolomic strategy.


Subclinical mastitis reduces the quality and quantity of milk and is a disease of great economic and public health importance. A cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the occurrence of subclinical mastitis, associated risk factors, and isolate of Staphylococcus aureus in lactating goats in the Eastern Hararghe zone, Ethiopia. A total of 384 lactating goats were sampled and screened by White Side test (WST) to detect subclinical mastitis. The study results revealed that animal and udder/halve level prevalence was 23.2% and 21.8% respectively, while 30 teats were found to be blind. Univariate analysis of the potential risk factors has depicted that mastitis was more prevalent in does with medium age, poor body condition, late lactation stage, does sample from Aweday, does mixing with others, closed housed goat, weakly manure removal and previous history of mastitis showed a statistically significant association with the proportion of subclinical mastitis (p < 0.05). With multivariable analysis, age, lactation stage, and origin of sampled animals showed significant association with subclinical mastitis prevalence, and these factors continued significant in the multivariable logistic regression model after stepwise elimination (p < 0.05). As a result, does in mid-age (OR=9.06, 2.24-36.60, late stage of lactation (OR=2.52, 1.21-5.24), and does sample from Aweday (OR=4.43, 1.37-14.38) were at higher risk of udder infections than younger age, early lactation and does sampled from Haramaya separately. In the present study, S. aureus has been isolated from 37.1% of goat milk. Antibiogram study results indicated that gentamicin and erythromycin were found to be the most effective drug against S. aureus. The present study has also demonstrated the existence of alarmingly high levels of antimicrobial resistance of S. aureus against chloramphenicol (100%), Vancomycin (87.5%), and Ampenciline (81.8%). The results of this study deep-rooted the importance of S. aureus as a possible cause of subclinical mastitis in goats and the spread of multiple drug-resistant S. aureus. It is therefore, recommended to prevent subclinical mastitis in the study area by considering potential risk factors, regular screening and microbiological examination of udder of lactating goats as well as judicious use of antimicrobials to treat subclinical mastitis.

https://universepg.com/public/storage/journal-pdf/Occurrence of sub-clinical mastitis and associated risk factors in lactating goats in selected areas.pdf


The samples of Pr2-xSrxCoO4+δ(x=0.8,1.0,1.2) as cathode material for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cell(IT-SOFC) were synthesized by solid-state reaction.Crystal structure,thermal expansion,electrical conductivity and electrochemical properties were investigated by XRD,SEM,dilatometry,DC four-probe method,AC impedance and cyclic voltammetry(CV) techniques,respectively.The XRD results showed all the samples obtained as a single K2NiF4-structural phase,there were no chemical reaction occurred between the Pr0.8Sr1.2CoO4+δ electrode and the Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.9(SDC) electrolyte at 1100℃ in air.The thermal expansion coefficients(TECs) increased with Sr content increasing.The electrical conductivity of the specimens was over 100S/cm at 800℃.The polarization resistance decreased with the increasing of Sr content.Pr0.8Sr1.2O4+δ had the optimum value of 0.29Ω·cm2 at 700℃ in air.


It was discovered that the irradiation of the aqueous solution of methylene blue containing various kinds of salts, produces the leuco form of dye; accompanied with this reaction, irreversible photodecomposition of dye and demethylation occurs to some extent. Hydroxide, phosphate and borate were found to be most effective in promoting this photoreduction. Careful studies were performed to counteract the possible effect of impurity. Since the present reaction was considered most certainly to be due to the ultimate fission of water, the analysis for Oxygen and hydrogen peroxide was undertaken. The former was not detected by means of a mass-spectrograph in case of phosphate, but the latter was chemically detected in case of borate buffer. The connection between the quantity of demethylation and that of the formation of leuco dye was investigated and clarified to some extent.


Turbo codes held big interest because of their pure performance.This paper mainly introduced the modeling of fading channel and the application of SCCC in fading channel,and then it paid great attention to the amendment to the MAP algorithm in the environment of fading channel.


9056 Background: Targeted therapy in metastatic melanoma has shown unprecented response rates. However, this effect is usually short lived, with a median progression free survival of 5.3 months with the use of vemurafenib. This phase I study explored the novel combination of vemurafenib and decitabine. Methods: Patients with BRAF V600E mutated metastatic melanoma were eligible for participation. Dosing of decitabine was modified for each cohort, which is detailed in the Table. The primary objective was safety while the secondary objective was response rate. Results: There were 4 patients were enrolled in cohort 1, 3 in cohort 2, 4 in cohort 3, and 3 in cohort 4. Seven patients had previously been exposed to vemurafenib. The most common adverse events included hyperbilirubinemia, hypophosphatemia, leukopenia, arthralgia, and rash. Most were grade 1-2. Ten patients required a dose reduction of vemurafenib. Maximum tolerated dose of decitabine was not reached, and there were no dose limiting toxicities. Six ...


The application of cyclic CO{sub 2}, often referred to as the CO{sub 2} Huff-n-Puff process, may find its niche in the maturing waterfloods of the Permian Basin. Coupling the CO{sub 2} H-n-P process to miscible flooding applications could provide the needed revenue to sufficiently mitigate near-term negative cash flow concerns in the capital intensive miscible projects. Texaco Exploration & Production Inc. and the U.S. Department of Energy have teamed up in an attempt to develop the CO{sub 2} Huff-n-Puff process in the Grayburg and San Andres formations; a light oil, shallow shelf carbonate reservoir that exists throughout the Permian Basin. A significant amount of oil reserves are located in carbonate reservoirs. Specifically, the carbonates deposited in shallow shelf (SSC) environments make up the largest percentage of known reservoirs within the Permian Basin of North America. Many of these known resources have been under waterflooding operations for decades and are at risk of abandonment if crude oil recoveries cannot be economically enhanced. The selected site for this demonstration project is the Central Vacuum Unit waterflood in Lea County, New Mexico. Miscible CO{sub 2} flooding is the process of choice for enhancing recovery of light oils and already accounts for over 12% of the Permian Basin`s daily production. There are significant probable reserves associated with future miscible CO{sub 2} projects. However, many are marginally economic at current market conditions due to large up-front capital commitments for a peak response which may be several years in the future. The resulting negative cash-flow is sometimes too much for an operator to absorb. The CO{sub 2} H-n-P process is being investigated as a near-term option to mitigate the negative cash-flow situation--allowing acceleration of inventoried miscible CO{sub 2} projects when coupled together.


This paper presents a new algorithm for recognizing patterns of densely arrayed targets in high resolution (HR) SAR images, serving the increasing demand for target detection and recognition in HR/VHR SAR images. The novelty of our work is to formulate the problem of pattern extarction as a jigsaw puzzle with similar target patches. Compared to existing work, our algorithm has multiple advantages, including: 1) extracting densely arrayed targets region from full scale SAR images automaticly; 2) predicting accurate displacement vector between neighboring similar patches; 3) synthetising an uniform target pattern with similar patches. These advantages are demonstratced by results of pattern extraction from a study case in the Davis-Monthan air force base.


Class 8 trucks offer substantial opportunities for weight reduction with cost incentives resulting from increased payload and improved fuel efficiency. The chassis, suspension, drive train, and wheels contribute to approximately 40% of the truck weight and have components that are excellent candidates, in terms of material performance requirements, for replacement with low-density structural composite materials. However, actual or perceived deficiencies in joint reliability have, up to now, limited the use of polymer composites in this application. Researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) have begun a project to overcome the major technical issues associated with joining thick fiber reinforced composite sections. The main objective is to develop both economical and robust attachment techniques for composite members joined to steel members. The research will be coordinated with an industry team led by Delphi Corporation that is developing and commercializing composite chassis members through funding from the Department of Energy's (DOE's) High Strength Weight Reduction Materials Program, under the Office of FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies.


The inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) are a group of more than 1,000 rare inherited disorders resulting from a defect in the functioning of intermediate metabolic pathways. Although, these are known as rare diseases, as a group they become a relevant cause of morbidity and mortality; with an accumulated prevalence of 1:800 newborns. Newborn screening (NBS) is fundamental for the early diagnosis of IEM and other disorders; however, only a few can be early diagnosed. 4,5


Effects of Forbush-decreases of the galactic cosmic rays on the cloudiness state have been investigated in the different latitudinal belts. It has been found that the variations of the total cloud cover are the most pronounced in the latitudinal belt φ 60-64°N and disappear at the lower latitudes. In auroral zone the Forbush-decrease effects seem to be superposed by the effects of X-rays generated by the electron precipitations. It is shown that the cloudiness variations associated with the Forbush-decreases in the galactic cosmic ray flux correlate with the presence of cirrus clouds which are formed at the altitudes reached by particles with the energy ∼ 1000 MeV. The changes found in the total cloud cover seem to influence significantly the radiation budget in the lower atmosphere, that in turn may result in the changes in the atmospheric circulation.


The invention discloses a manufacturing process for strong-strength and high-toughness composite wood. The manufacturing process comprises the following steps of 1, adding adhesive glue in an amount which is 5 to 8 percent based on the total weight into wood fibers, and uniformly mixing the adhesive glue and the wood fibers to form a wood fiber mixture; 2, stacking the obtained wood fiber mixture on a bottom plate, uniformly laying determined layers of bamboo boards in the wood fiber mixture, and laying a panel on the upper layer of the wood fiber mixture to form prefabricated composite wood; 3, performing cold pressing on the formed prefabricated composite wood by using a cold press; 4, hot-pressing the cold-pressed prefabricated composite wood by using a hot press. According to the process, the hot pressing temperature, time and pressure can be dynamically regulated according to the increase of density of the wood fibers and the number of layers of the bamboo boards, and the hot-pressed composite wood can be endowed with stronger strength and higher toughness.


The article aimed to analyze the concept of modernisation of sludge management prepared for an exemplary sewage sludge treatment plant. Four variants of solutions, based on different processes, aerobic (oxygenic), anaerobic or – aerobic – anaerobic, were discussed. The article presents the characteristics of essential elements of the proposed solutions. The technical and technological parameters of each of the variants are exposed. The expected capital expenditure and basic operating costs are presented. A cost-effectiveness analysis of the options has also been carried out. The analysed technological processes ensure obtaining hygienically and sanitary safe end products. They contribute significantly to minimising the amount of sewage sludge. The most economically efficient, with the lowest average annual costs, is the variant with the application of anaerobic thermo-philic-mesophilic sludge stabilisation. The highest average annual costs were obtained for the variant with drying and incineration of sludge.


This article queries how booksellers appropriated the Parisian space, at a time of profound changes. It seeks to understand the issues regarding displacements and/or the implanting of storekeepers, within the capital and sometimes outside, in terms of commercial dynamics and socio-occupational stratifications on the one hand, and trajectories and interdependent relationships on the other hand. In light of the analysis, the city emerges as the medium for and the means of revealing the upward or downward mobility of its actors, while the book is a privileged observatory of the social and urban transformations of the nineteenth century.


Abstract We present a comparison of the processes involved in the tectonic evolution of two Archaean cratons, the Superior Province of Canada and the Dharwar Craton of India. These two cratons exhibit distinct map patterns, the Superior Province being dominated by elongate belts, while the Dharwar Craton is characterized by dome and basin features. We suggest that certain tectonic processes operating in the Phanerozoic, such as enhanced mantle plume activity, subduction of young (warm) oceanic crust, and faster than usual accretion of crust, may have been the norm during the Archaean. In the Superior Province rapid crustal growth occurred, largely due to horizontal tectonic forces. Models analagous to modern plate tectonics are applicable, but the rates of convergence and accretion exceeded those normal for the present day. Accreted crust was warm and subject to more ductile deformation than in modern accretionary zones. These accreted arc, ocean-floor and ocean-plateau fragments would have been underlain by a thick refractory, buoyant, warm lithospheric root that was rapidly underplated (or imbricated) below the recently accreted terranes. In the Dharwar craton a major thermal event appears to characterize its evolution at 2.5 Ga. Reheating of the lower and middle crust in response to magmatism and metamorphism, resulted in diapirism and growth of crust in a vertical sense. The southern Superior Province's evolution reflects accretion at the margins of a protocraton, while the Dharwar craton's tectonic environment may reflect plume impact and incipient rifting in the centre of an Archaean craton.


An all-optical wavelength-switch module at 40 Gb/s is monolithically integrated in InP by combining an SOA-based wavelength converter and a fast-tunable 8-channel multi-frequency laser. Error-free operation is demonstrated.


Recently it has been shown that the $\alpha$-Sun density $h(x)$ [{\it J. Math. Anal. Appl.}, {\bf 527} (2023), p. 127371] which interpolates between the Fr{\'e}chet density and that of the positive, stable distributions whose density is given by a Fox $H$-function, has a Mellin transform involving an infinite product of ratios of Incomplete Beta functions. We develop systematic, but asymptotic, approximations for such products and consequently for the behaviour of the density as $ x\to 0+$ which complement the recent exact form for this by Simon [{\it Electron. Commun. Probab.}, {\bf 28} (2023) p. 1 - 13]. The systematic expansion is an example of the Power Product Expansions, and in our case we derive bounds and estimates which show that it is not convergent and thus only yields an asymptotic expansion.


Acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) is a common emergency department presentation that results in nearly 1 million hospital admissions per year. Nesiritide, a drug that is structurally similar to naturally occurring B-type natriuretic peptide, initially was thought to increase diuresis and decrease morbidity and length of stay in patients …


ABSTRACT The primary purpose of this study was to compare the 3-D kinematics of older and younger adults during activities of daily living. Twenty-five older and 27 younger asymptomatic participants were evaluated. The MotionMonitor was used to collect humerus, scapula, and trunk kinematic data. Multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA) were used to analyze kinematic differences. Significant differences between groups were found. In several comparisons, the older participants had significantly less shoulder joint complex motion than the younger participants. For feeding, the older participants had 16.3° less glenohumeral external rotation, 5.0° less scapular upward rotation, and 8.6° less scapular internal rotation. For reaching an overhead shelf, the older group had 8.1° less glenohumeral flexion, 11.8° less external rotation and 16.0° less scapular internal rotation. For hair combing, the older participants had 13.3° less glenohumeral external rotation, and 6.6° less scapular internal rotation. For washing the contralateral axilla, the older group had 7.7° less scapular internal rotation. In several other comparisons, the older group had significantly more shoulder complex motion than the younger participants. For hair combing, the older group had 14.6° more glenohumeral flexion. For washing the contralateral axilla, the older group demonstrated 7.8° more glenohumeral flexion and 13.0° more glenohumeral internal rotation. Overall, older and younger participants demonstrated significantly different shoulder joint complex kinematics. Age specific values should be considered when interacting with a patient presenting with shoulder dysfunction.


Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp., asparagus bean/snake bean/yard long bean) is an imperative legume vegetable and pulse crop predominantly grown in the arid and sub-arid zones of the tropical world. It is used as vegetables, pulse, fodder and green manure. It is often grown as a green manure for soil improvement and cover crop to control the soil erosion particularly in the areas having distressed soil erosion crisis.


AbstractThe structural performance evaluation is presented of 90 reinforced concrete (RC) buildings that collapsed during the October 23 (Ercis) and November 9 (Edremit), 2011, earthquakes in Van, Turkey. A total of 35,000 buildings are damaged or collapsed in the city center and surrounding villages after the Ercis and Edremit earthquakes. Almost all the RC buildings are affected in the region. To evaluate the structural performance of the collapsed buildings, the buildings are evaluated according to structural system properties, specification properties, material properties (concrete and reinforcement steel properties), and soil properties. The results showed that a large proportion of nonengineering RC buildings completely collapsed or were damaged heavily. Most of the RC buildings in the affected area are not designed and constructed in accordance with Turkish code. Also, it was found that 26% of the buildings do not have a building license, 66% of the buildings' ground floors were used as a commercia...


Successful implementation of the Danish smart grid strategy requires Danish households to actively participate in balancing the electricity grid by adjusting their electricity consumption to the fluctuating production from wind power. However, the spontaneous nature of households' energy consumption behavior and their lack of knowledge regarding the overall picture of the energy system might prevent them from adopting the necessary smart energy solutions. Therefore, this paper investigates households' adoption behaviors under the hourly electricity price scheme and analyses the consequence to the electricity grid using multi-agent based simulation. The results show that there is no significant incentive for households to change their behavior to respond to the hourly electricity price scheme with the current tariffs in Denmark. Furthermore, the study shows that automatic energy management systems are needed for households to predict and plan their consumption to respond to the hourly electricity price signals, and that distribution system operators can consider to use an overload tariff to avoid the congestion in the distribution grid, especially with the introduction of more electric vehicles.


Although the increasing rate of cardiovascular mortality in patients with diabetes is thought to be due to the coronary atherosclerosis caused mainly by compounding factors such as dyslipidaemia and hypertension, it is now well documented that diabetes alone can lead to a vast array of molecular changes in the heart.


In this research paper, the interaction between Cu(II), Co(II), Cd(II) and Ni(II) with L2 and L4 have been studied by pH-metric technique at 0.1 M ionic strength in 70% ethanol-water mixture with the use of Irving-Rossotti and Calving-Bjerrum method. The data obtain were used to estimate the value of proton-ligand stability constant (pK) and metal ligand stability constant (logK). It showed that the metal ions form 1:1 and 1:2 complexes with L2 and L4.


Wheat/Hordeum chilense disomic addition lines have been used to locate genes influencing resistance against greenbug (Schizaphis graminum Rond.) in specific chromosomes of H. chilense. H. chilense is a source of antixenosis, antibiosis and host tolerance to the greenbug, being resistant also to the Russian wheat aphid, the two key pests in wheat. For measuring antixenosis, the numbers of aphids per plant were recorded in a host free choice test; antibiotic resistance was determined by measuring the developmental time, the fecundity and the intrinsic rate of population increase of aphids reared on the different hosts, and host tolerance to aphids was evaluated by the leaf damage and the number of expanded leaves on the hosts after 3 weeks of infestation. The greenbugs belonged to a clone of biotype C. Plant genes with positive effects for antixenosis were located on chromosome 1H ch . Genes with positive effects for antibiosis were located on three different chromosomes and those that prolonged aphid developmental time were located on chromosomes 5H ch and 7H ch while those that reduced the total fecundity were on 4H ch . Chromosome 7H ch accounted for host tolerance to greenbug.


In response to a growing number of complaints from residents in many of the older, traditionally-planned neighborhoods in Naples/Collier County, Florida, the MPO directed County Staff in the summer of 1994 to research the possibility of implementing traffic calming. In response, Staff contacted local transportation professionals and interested citizens groups. From this initial contact, Staff assembled a Traffic Calming Task Force (TCTF) composed of twenty-five citizens, traffic professionals and Staff members. This paper details how the Task Force arrived at their decisions, which calming techniques were implemented, and the results.


Perovskite manganites oxide materials have attracted much attention due to their promising potential applications in the magnetic sensor or devices. In this research, La1-xAxMnO3 (x = 0.33 when A=Ca, Sr and Ba; x= 0.2 when A=Na and K) in bulk form were prepared via solid state reaction method. La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 (LSMO) and La0.8Na0.2MnO3 (LNMO) are then converted to thin film via pulse laser deposition method (PLD) on different substrates (corning glass, fused silica glass and MgO (100)) and deposition duration. Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction data showed that all samples are polycrystalline having trigonal crystal structure except for La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 (LCMO) and La0.67Ba0.33MnO3 (LBMO) which are orthorhombic. From the Rietveld refinement, we observed that the lattice parameter, Mn-O bond length and bond angle changed in thin film which were influenced by the substrates type and deposition duration. The thickness of films was in the range of ~0.3-3.0 μm. The crystallite size for the thin film is between 15-22 nm. The grain size distribution for bulk samples are around 1.0-2.0 μm. A huge change of surface microstructure can be observed for thin film samples, where the grain size is reduced to ~50-150 nm. Some nano-crack effects were observed in the thin film samples where this effect is due to the different coefficient of thermal expansion between the film and substrates during the annealing process. Thin film samples showed a much higher resistance (about 2-3 orders) due to the existence of disordered phase at the grain boundary and/or nano-crack barrier that causes higher scattering and/or tunneling effect when the electrons pass through them. The metal-insulator temperature (Tp) for LSMO shifted to lower values in the thin films, probably due to the change of Mn-O bond length and bond angle. Conversely, LNMO system showed greater Tp value in thin film suggesting that the grain boundary effect might also contribute to the Tp changes. Nonetheless, the deposition duration and substrates used also influence the Tp value. Overall, negative magnetoresistance (MR) have been obtained for bulk and thin films. The MR value increases with decreasing temperature at low applied magnetic field which known as Low Field Magnetoresistance (LFMR). In thin film form the %MR value has been improved with -25% for LS_M15 and -22% for LN_M20 as compared to that of the bulk LSMO (-16%) and LNMO (-21%) when a magnetic field of 1 Tesla was applied at 90 K.


There is a growing interest on the development of new materials based on recycled polymers from plastics waste, since the use of such plastics represents a low-cost source of raw material. The purpose of the present work is to evaluate, from a comparative point of view, the effect that different waste and virgin polymers, used as viscosity modifier additives, exert on the rheological properties of standard lithium lubricating greases. Grease formulations containing diverse polymers, differing in nature and/or origin, were manufactured and rheologically characterized. Particularly, the influences of the type of polymer, the molecular weight and the presence of carbon black, used as filler in recycled polymers, have been evaluated. Small-amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) and viscous flow measurements were carried out, as well as calorimetric and thermogravimetric analysis. In general, recycled polymers induce a more important rheological modification than virgin polymers of the same nature. Thus, the addit...


The new law gives lawyers the full rights to read the case in the review,prosecution,trial stage before the amended criminal procedure law.It indicates the reform of the criminal evidence discovery takes solid pace.It is useful to explore Chinese characteristics criminal evidence discovery for the reform of China's criminal justice system.


The present invention discloses a communication system and method for the communication system. In the method, a first type of communication service station (1), wherein a first network entity (3) provides control operations to provide the communication service. The portion of the control operation is then (3) to a second relay network entity (4) from the first network entity. Information is exchanged between the first entity and the second network, the information related to the second type of communication services provided to the station. Providing the second type of communication services for the station based on the information.


A microchemical system, including two micromixers and a delay loop, is specially designed to carry out the chlorohydrination of allyl chloride with chlorine in water. Chlorine is dissolved in water in the first micromixer and then reacts with allyl chloride to produce dichloropropanol in the second micromixer. The reaction can be accomplished in the delay loop with a residence time less than 10 s and the selectivity higher than 98%. A multistage strategy which connects several microchemical units in series has been developed and demonstrated. The dichloropropanol concentration higher than 6 wt % with the selectivity higher than 96% can be successfully reached using this strategy. The results show that low temperature and high pressure could greatly improve the microreaction performance. In contrast to the conventional reaction process, the microreaction process has the advantages for higher yield, higher dichloropropanol concentration, less water waste, and lower energy consumption. Moreover, the new proc...


Objective To observe recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor(rhG-CSF) in promotion of angiogenesis in different-gender adult rats with ischemia of hind limb. Methods Healthy adult male and female Wistar rats,20 for each gender,were enrolled.A hind-limp ischemic model was established by cutting off the left femoral arteries and their branches.The rats were equally randomized to two groups: control group and experimental group.Subcutaneous injection of rhG-CSF was offered to the experimental,and equal volume NS to the control.WBC was detected before and five days after the injection;adductor was collected four weeks later and sent for pathology.The density and number of blood vessels were detected by image analysis system;the VEGF of the adductor by immunohistochemistry. Results The white blood count,density and positive VEGF were significantly higher in the experimental than that in the control,the differences between the two groups were significant(t=4.318-4.981,P0.05);but no significant difference was noted in terms of the gender(P0.05). Conclusion Subcutaneous injection of rhG-CSF can facilitate angiogenesis of ischemic limb,improve ischemic status of the limb,the effects do not show association with the gender.


the case. As such Russia's identity occasionally is a hindrance to cooperation with NATO. Likewise, Moscow's security documents oppose NATO's enlargement and its alleged strive for world dominance. It thus appears that this alliance contradicts the Kremlin's expectations. Furthermore, Russia's relations with the United States have seen a number of clashes of interest since 9/ 11, as for instance on the Iraq war (2003), on the Russian-Georgian conflict (2008), and on Iran and Syria. Ponsard's overall positive assessment thus seems somewhat unbalanced. My main criticism of this work is that it is dated. Although originally published in 2006, the analytical emphasis of the book is on the 1990s. For example, the book mentions the 2004 elections of President Putin's second term (157), whereas by 2012 Medvedev had already completed a term as his successor and Putin had started his third term. Hence, this 2012 paperback edition deals mostly with developments of more than a decade before. The period under study (1991–2002) should have been clearly stated in the work and in its title, and this edition should have provided an up-to-date analysis of the following decade. Towards the end of President Putin's second term (2004–2008), and also in his current third term (2012–), Russia's relations with NATO have deteriorated, in particular in his resistance to NATO's missile defence shield. President Medvedev's term (2008–2012) was also characterized by tensions in relations, starting with the stalemate of the Russian invasion of Georgia (August 2008), but developing into a period of reset under President Obama (see Marcel de Haas, Russia's Foreign Security Policy in the 21 Century: Putin, Medvedev and Beyond [London: Routledge, 2010]: 52-5, 118-20). On the other, positive, hand, the current NATO-Russia cooperation in antipiracy operations near Somalia is worth mentioning. All of these developments in RussiaNATO relations should have been part of a book on this subject, published in 2012. However, if regarded as a background study of Russia-NATO relations in the years 1991–2002, and especially chapters such as "The Evolution of the Russian Attitude to NATO" and "Russia's Perception of NATO Enlargement," it is an important contribution to understanding this relationship and to current-day decision-makers in shaping the future relations between Moscow and the Alliance.


. may have given patients with AGA a long-awaited choice: curly or straight? et al . By discovering such therapeutic targets for downstream drug development, such as a topical treatment, Garza 2 Garza and coauthors identified the receptor GPR44 to be responsible for mediating the negative effects of PGD prostaglandin pathway and AGA. inhibited hair growth in both mice and human hair follicles, providing a crucial functional link between the , 2 and a related metabolite, 15-dPGJ 2 expression and hair follicle regression. The authors further found that PGD gene 2 . uncovered a temporal relationship between PGD et al with synchronized hair follicle cycling, Garza was also elevated in bald versus haired scalp. In mice 2 of 17 men, they confirmed that the synthase product PGD ) synthase was elevated at the mRNA and protein levels in bald scalp only. In a larger group 2 (PGD 2 prostaglandin D The authors first examined bald and haired scalp from five men with AGA and showed that the enzyme responsible for baldness. insight into the pathogenesis of AGA, in hopes of developing new therapeutics that target specific pathways disorder that affects both men and women, leading to hair thinning and loss. Here, Garza and colleagues provide new Patients with androgenetic alopecia (AGA), however, would take either one, as long as it meant having hair. AGA is a Everybody wishes his or her hair was different; curly hair wants straight locks, straight hair desires some curl. A Not-So-Hairy Situation


Energy accounting is an essential requirement for optimizing energy consumption on mobile devices. State-of-the-art approaches consider application processes and threads as the sole components of energy consumption. In this framework, the energy consumption of system services is unclear and has not been comprehensively studied. In this paper, we suggest that the energy consumption of system services should be investigated to understand the behavior of applications. We propose a fine-grained energy tracing scheme, EnTrack, to enhance the accuracy of energy tracing by identifying and incorporating the energy portions consumed by system services. We implemented EnTrack on the Android platform and validated its functionality and usefulness. In addition, practical usage cases of EnTrack, which uses it as an energy behavior analysis tool, were introduced. The case studies demonstrated that EnTrack enables an understanding of fine-grained energy consumption, especially in system services, which have previously been concealed.


Ossian has been in need of a companion for as long as he has been telling the tales of other times. Thanks to Dafydd Moore, he now has a very congenial one: slim, engaging and wonderfully sympathetic. It is not that the ancient Celtic bard has been entirely neglected in the centuries since James Macpherson revealed him to the reading world, but his reputation has soared and plummeted, sunk, risen and ricocheted, often (but not always) in tandem with that of his translator-creator. As an established authority on Ossian, Dafydd Moore is ideally placed to guide a new generation of readers through the bewildering mists that have continued to hang about this elusive ¢gure and to encourage those who think they know the way to think again. This is an explicitly International companion, with a carefully chosen band of contributors hailing from Denmark, England, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Scotland and the United States. Building on the foundational work published in Howard Gaskill's The Reception of Ossian in Europe and other recent studies, these new essays range across languages and cultures as well as centuries. In his brilliantly condensed account of Ossian and the visual arts, Murdo Macdonald points out that 'the ¢rst full-page illustration of Ossian' was by 'an Italian artist in an Italian book' (Melchiorre Cesarotti's " translation of Macpherson's text). The essential 'internationalism' of Ossian is evident from the title-page design of Goethe's " edition to Calum Colvin's Ossian artworks, which went on show at the UNESCO building in Paris in Æ , just as the Louvre was mounting a major exhibition of one of Ossian's earlier, French interpreters, Anne-Louis Girodet. Ossian's poems, hovering in the no-man's land between the oral tradition and the written word, have always proved remarkably malleable to imaginative readers. Robert Rix's fascinating discussion of the 'Discovery of Ancient Scandinavian Literature' homes in on Ossian in eighteenth-century Copenhagen, as seen through the artists Abildgaard and Carstens or the circle of writers surrounding Klopstock, who produced Ossian-inspired musical theatre and tragedy, while urging the great Danish sculptor, Thorvaldsen, to turn from classical subjects to the heroes of the North. The power of Ossianic imagery ¢red strongly visual responses, even though the poems were uttered by a ¢gure whose own sight was long gone. REVIEWS


We propose a method to improve the consistency of human evaluation of non-native speaker's utterance, with a capability to evaluate features such as accent and rhythm. In this method, human evaluators evaluate the accent and the rhythm independently by using average voice model and prosody substitution. We also investigated the advantages of evaluating those features independently. We found that, when the prosodic features are not evaluated independently, the accent scores are affected by the goodness of the rhythm and vice versa. The correlation coefficient of the accent score and the rhythm score of identical utterances was 0.23 using the conventional method and −0.026 using the proposed method. This also leads to greater disagreement between the scores given by different evaluators. Using the conventional method, 23% of the pairs between evaluators have their inter-evaluator correlation of the rhythm score more than 0.5, while using this proposed method, 67% of the pairs have the inter-evaluator correlation more than 0.5.


In this work is described the way in which a virtual laboratory was developed to simulate the individual and combined effect of a great variety of Power Quality phenomena, implementing in same the algorithms to evaluate the impact of these phenomena in a user, from the levels of Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) defined internationally. The laboratory was developed under the software PSCAD -Power System Computer Aided Design-. The implemented algorithms allow to establish the indicators Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), that measures the effect of the nonlinear loads, and the indicator Short Term P erceptibility (P ST ) that measures the severity of the voltage fluctuations due loads and phenomena where it varies the power demand. As fluctuating loads the simulation includes faults, large induction motors and capacitors bank switching. In order to cause distortions of the waveform, rectifying bridges for loads in DC were modeled. With this tool it's possible to generated multiplicity of cases in which the topology of the network can be arbitrarily modified, and the severity of the generated phenomena can be user defined and inclusively appear of a random way in the time. Finally an analysis of the results obtained when the evaluation models previously mentioned were put under on approval.


Reproducibility between different replicas of the same device is an important aspect in the biomedical research field. Multiple replicas of a dual-wavelength, single-channel "NIRSBOX" device have been assembled and characterized. In this work, we present their full performance assessment. Characterization is focused on measurement accuracy, reproducibility, and reliability, following well-defined and widely adopted procedures to assess the quality of diffuseoptics instruments. The results of the performance assessment procedures are promising, demonstrating highly reproducible performances over different time-domain near-infrared spectroscopy devices, a feature of paramount importance when it comes to comparing results from different instruments, e.g. in multicenter studies.


Natural rubber latex (NRL), a milky fluid from the Hevea brasiliensis tree, is widelyused in several rubber product manufactures. However, an allergy is often found when people use rubber products. It may because of an allergen in rubber latex. There were reports that hundred proteins were classified into the groups of potential allergen and pathogenesis-related proteins (PR-proteins) which are induced proteins upon the stress, pathogen attack and abiotic stimuli. The proteins that similar to PR-proteins were currently identified into allergenic member including PR-proteins families 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 10 and 14 which are small proteins (5-70 kDa). In addition, 15% of these allergenic proteins were also classified into antioxidant member such as superoxide dismutase and peroxidase. These rubber protein component data can be used in the research and development of the production of rubber products to solve the allergenic problem and also to improve the rubber cultivar. Moreover, PR-proteins, antioxidant proteins and latex allergens activated proteins in rubber latex will be identified to get more information which will be the advantages in food, agricultural and medical materials.


Coastal floodplains in the south of England are at high risk of tidal flooding due to extreme water levels. The breaching of coastal defences is the most dominant source of floodwater and is a spatially and temporally uncertain process. However, there is an increasing requirement for predictive breach modelling for the simulation of coastal flood inundation. The main aim of this project is to investigate how the LISFLOOD-FP models predictions of flood inundation are affected by the variation of simplified breach representations. The research focuses on how the time varying representation of inflow discharge (represented by the QVAR boundary condition type in the model) can be utilised in a range of different breach scenarios, and how in turn this affects the flood inundation characteristics for a rural floodplain at Lymington/Pennington and an urban floodplain at Old Portsmouth. An inflow model based on an offline weir discharge equation was derived and validated in a simulation of the December 1989 storm surge event at Lymington/Pennington. The different breach scenarios then utilised this proposed inflow model and systematically varied the two breach parameters of breach growth and breach initiation timing for a 1 in 200 year extreme water level condition at both study sites. Analysis of the results indicate that the rate of breach development and the timing of breach initiation has a considerable effect on the overall flood extents and the rate and pattern of inundation at both the rural and urban study sites. Furthermore, comparison of the two study sites using individual benchmark floodplain compartments and simulations with a combined rural/urban DEM showed that the presence of elevated urban features on the floodplain has a significant influence on the flood inundation characteristics. Further research is required to assess the limitations and the validity of the proposed QVAR inflow model for modelling breaching events. Also, the evaluation of the two breach parameters in a probabilistic setting is recommended to assist in managing future coastal flood risk on both rural and urban floodplains.


Objective To explore clinical application of retrograde medial and lateral gastrocnemius muscle flap for soft tissue defects of the middle and lower third of the leg. Methods From August 2008 to December 2009, in our hospital we adopted retrograde medial and lateral gastrocnemius muscle flap to renovate 5 cases of refractory soft tissue defects of the middle and lower third of the leg. Results Five cases of retrograde medial gastrocnemius muscle flap were survived, morphology and function of soft tissue defects were renovated well. Conclusion This operation is an effective and reliable technique for soft tissue defects of the middle and lower third of the leg, which is performed without sacrificing the major blood vessels, probing vascular pedicle and matching vascular anastomosis.

Key words:
Gastrocnemius muscle;  Muscle flap;  Leg;  Transplatation;  Microsurgery


Most secondary teachers are familiar with the procedures of basic descriptive statistics, but they have not necessarily been prepared to interpret graphical representations of data or to reason about sampling distributions. In this exploratory research study, we investigate the understandings of eleven teachers who participated in a semester-long course, using Fathom, to develop their understanding of these concepts. We present the analysis of a preand post-test of content knowledge, the teachers' performance on two tasks, and their use of Fathom as a tool to simulate and represent sampling distributions.


Objective: To study the genetic relationship of seven species of Curculigo plant from China.Method: Through sequence-related amplified polymorphism(SRAP) analysis,to study the genetic distance by TREECONW software and to make up the systematic diagram of genetic relationship by UPGMA method.Result: A total of 923 SRAP markers were scored,among which 910 were polymorphic.The average percentage of polymorphic band was 98.6%.Genetic distance were changed from 0.631 to 0.912.By cluster analysis,the classified result of SRAP marker between traditional modal character in seven species of Curculigo plant from China is almost same.Conclusion: The percentage of polymorphism in seven species of Curculigo plant from China is high,showing feasibility for SRAP marker in application in the classification of Curculigo.


Objective To investigate the northern border of Aedes albopictus and density,the degree of risk to understand the spread of dengue fever and breeding habits of Aedes albopictus,in order to develop control measures to provide a scientific basis;Methods July to September based on the "National Aedes aegypti,the distribution of Aedes albopictus border special survey programs,"urban areas of the county,rural residential areas,tourist attractions,aquaculture farming areas,special places,such as the ecological environment in five respectively Mosq-ovitrap,induced mosquito lamp,mosquito-container law and suction devices to capture artificial Ways investigation,Results Shexian(latitude 36 ° 17 'to 36 ° 55',longitude 113 ° 26 'to 114 ° between) the existence of Aedes albopictus,which is found for the first time Shexian Aedes albopictus,and Breteau index,container index more than 20%;Conclusion Shexian and the region surrounding the future of dengue fever and other mosquito-borne infectious disease prevention and control of the situation is grim,at the same time with the distribution of mosquito Aedes Hebei provide an important basis for determining,but also in Hebei Province related to the prevention and control of mosquito-borne diseases have a warning role.


This paper focuses the application of a measurement technique for determining atmospheric C2?C6 hydrocarbons after canister sampling and analysis by gas chromatography/flame ionisation detection (GC/FID), as well of an adsorption-sampling technique for C6?C11 compounds and GC/FID analysis after thermal desorption and cryogenic concentration. Tens of samples collected at Giesta, a rural area located 20 km to the SE of the coastal Portuguese city of Aveiro, were analysed. The characterisation of C2 C11 hydrocarbons is presented, considering seasonal variations, diurnal cycles, the influence of air masses and different photochemical conditions. Ratios between hydrocarbons and principal components analysis were applied to differentiate between biogenic and anthropogenic sources.


In this demonstration, we present OSMRec, a command line utility and JOSM plugin for automatic recommendation of tags (categories) on newly created spatial entities in OpenStreetMap (OSM). JOSM allows downloading parts of OSM, editing the map (e.g. inserting, deleting, annotating with tags spatial entities) and re-uploading the updated part back on OSM. OSMRec plugin exploits already annotated entities within OSM to train category classification models and utilizes these models in order to recommend OSM categories for newly inserted spatial entities in OSM.


Immediately after Gan Lu Incident in 835, the official circles of then Tang Dynasty was dominated by sentimental depression under the rule of terror exercised by the eunuchs. However, Liu Yuxi was one of the few exceptions, who maintained his uprightness and incorruptibility as well as his determination to serve the people. His firm political and philosophical beliefs and pursuit of truth were all to be reflected in his later-period poetry, which embodied his concern for social reality and human life. Meanwhile, his love for the good and hatred for the evil, and his romantic spirit which defies old age, are forcefully expressed in his poetry of this period. For all these reasons, it can be argued that Liu Yuxi's literary attainments surpassed those of Bai Juyi, his contemporary poetic giant.


Klingsor syndrome, also known as self-inflicted traumatic penile amputation, is a rare condition that often occurs in individuals who suffer from psychiatric disorders, religious preoccupations, substance abuse, and societal neglect or isolation


A process for preparing high-performance continuous fibre of zirconium oxide includes such steps as synthesizing acetylacetone-zirconium polymer as precursor from acetylacetone and zirconium oxychloride as main materials, dissolving in methanol to obtain the spinning solution, drying spinning to obtain continuous fibre of precursor, heat treating in a multifunctional sintering furnace by special atmosphere and high-temp. airflow spraying for stretching. Its advantages are high tensile strength (over 2.6 GPa) and long length up to several kilometers.


Red ear syndrome (RES) is characterized by paroxysmal burning sensation, pain, edema and reddening of unilateral or bilateral ear lobe, usually provoked by different triggers. The exact prevalence in the pediatric age group is unknown but pediatric cases reported in the literature are very small in number. Etiology and pathomechanism of RES still remain controversial. Several therapeutic approaches have been tried with heterogeneous clinical response. We report three new pediatric cases, one of which is the youngest case ever reported in the literature.


We prepared WO3 nanosponge photoanodes by nanoparticle/solution hybrid dispersion–deposition. The WO3 nanosponge photoanodes showed a large photocurrent (3.04 mA cm−2) in 1.0 M H2SO4 electrolyte under 1 Sun illumination. This high photocurrent arose from the robust inter-nanoparticle connections and preservation of the nanopores in the photoanode, achieved by the addition of tungsten phenoxide and the very fine nanoparticles obtained by wet milling. The absorbed photon-to-current efficiency spectra showed a high maximum of 95.4% at 410 nm. The Faraday efficiency of S2O82− and H2 evolution was almost 100%, and the applied bias photon-to-current efficiency for S2O82− and H2 was calculated to be 2.45%, which is the highest reported value. Obtaining this kind of high-value-added product efficiently at photoanodes in photoelectrochemical systems is important for the use of sunlight in sustainable industrial chemistry.


HOW STANDARDS ARE ESTABLISHED AND MAINTAINED BY THE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IS RAISED IN REGARD TO WHETHER IT SHOULD BE THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE OPERATING MAINTENANCE PERSONNEL OR WITH AN INDEPENDENT GROUP. RESOLVING THE LEGAL RESPONSIBILITY ISSUE IS ANOTHER PROBLEM FACING MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN ESTABLISHING STANDARDS. RESEARCH OR INFORMATION EXCHANGE PROGRAMS SEEM WARRANTED SO THAT ANY STATE CAN GO TO A LISTING OF SET STANDARDS TO PREVENT DUPLICATION OF EFFORTS IN ITS OWN PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT.


Reflectance spectra of atmosphereless bodies are changing due to space weathering caused by damaging of their surfaces. Chelyabinsk meteorite matter is quite convenient for modeling experiments because of enough amount of the matter and complex history [1]. So, shock-wave loading experiments were produced [2]. The microstructure was studied [3] and different kind of structures was distinguished [4]. Previous spectroscopic studies of the Chelyabinsk have focused on the different wavelength ranges commonly used for asteroid remote sensing [5]. Some of FTIR microspectroscopic investigations for comparison between different minerals and lithologies and shock-waved light lithology were made earlier [6,7]. As aresult, we fixed substantial shifts of some olivine peaks in infrared range [7]. Our new experiments were made on bulk samples obtained from the Chelyabinsk meteorite fragments with different lithologies. We used Lambda 35 spectrometer for spectra obtaining. One light lithology sample was shockwave loaded, cut and polished [2]. Additionally, we annealed one of light lithology samples up to 1100C for 15 minutes. It is clearly seen that the slope of the spectrum strongly depends on the structure and the treatment (Fig. 1).