It has long been known that a number of periodic completely integrable systems are associated to hyperelliptic curves, for which the Abel map linearizes the flow (at least in part). We show that this is true for a relatively recent such system: the periodic discrete reduction of the shallow water equation derived by Camassa and Holm. The associated spectral problem has the same form and evolves in the same way as the spectral problem for a family of finite-dimensional non-periodic Hamiltonian flows introduced by Calogero and Françoise. We adapt the Weyl function method used earlier by us to solve the peakon problem to give an explicit solution to both the periodic discrete Camassa–Holm system and the (non-periodic) Calogero–Françoise system in terms of theta functions. AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 35Q51; 37J35; 35Q53


We have studied the process p p into π+X- using wire spark chambers. The data cover the angular range of cosθp π+* between 0.96 and 1.0 at several incident momenta between 1 and 2 GeV / c. The reaction p p→π+ρ- was observed with (dσ / dΩ)* of the order of 100 μb/sr at several momenta.


Content-based video retrieval systems are desired to fast and accurately find the nearest-neighbors of user input examples from very large video datasets. This poses a great challenge since exhaustive and redundant computation of similarities is required. Cluster based index approaches can be used to address this problem, but the similarity computation and clustering methods for videos are very time-consuming, thus preventing it from indexing very large video datasets. In this paper, we propose the Hierarchical Frame Affinity Group (HFAG), which is a hierarchy of frame clusters built using affinity propagation (AP) method, to represent video clusters. Our proposed video similarity metric and AP method guarantee the high performance of forming HFAG. We then build the cluster-based index structure to support retrieval of the nearest-neighbors of video sequences. The experiments on real large video datasets prove the effectiveness and efficiency of our approach.


1. Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran. 2. ENT and Head & Neck Research Center and Department, The five senses institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 3. Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. 4. Immunogenetic Research Center, Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. 5. Research Laboratory for Embryology and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran. 6. Deptartment of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences/University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. 7. Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran. 8. Department of Basic Sciences, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 9. Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.


This article reports on the hydrometallurgical production of synthetic anatase from ilmenite. Mechanical activation followed by pressure leaching facilitates the leaching of ilmenite and the separation of titanium/iron by means of the synchronous hydrolysis of anatase. At 95% TiO2, the produced synthetic anatase fulfills the requirements for the aluminothermic production of titanium alloys.


In this article, reactive ion etching (RIE) lag effect dependence on total gas flow in contact hole etching is first investigated at a high oxide etch rate using high density plasma. We used surface wave coupled plasma apparatus, which achieves a high density of over 1011 cm−3 and a high oxide etch rate of over 1 μm/min. In the high gas flow etching process, a strong RIE lag is observed. However, the low gas flow etching process suppresses the RIE lag. Total gas flow dominates the RIE‐lag effect, and the oxygen of the etching product plays an important role for reducing the RIE‐lag effect.


Antidepressants have been available since the 1950s, when the monoamine oxidase inhibitors were first discovered. Since then, our armamentarium of antidepressants has progressively expanded with the discovery of the tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) in the 1960s, the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in the 1980s, and, subsequently, the serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), and other agents possessing a diverse mechanism of action including buproprion, and mirtazapine.


Nonparametric methods to search for periodicity in a weighted or nonweighted time point series are applied to the central meridian passage epochs of starspots on four chromospherically active stars: Andromedae, Geminorum, II Pegasi and V711 Tauri. The rotation periods of the active longitudes for these objects are uniquely determined, regardless of the presence of diierential rotation and phase shifts of the centres of main activity. The temporal changes of the long{term distribution of the starspots in one of these objects, Geminorum, resembles the \\ip{{op"{phenomenon detected earlier only in FK Comae Berenices.


A hot experiment of gaseous pollutants was carried out with Huadian oil shale samples by using an oil shale-fired fluidized bed (CFB) laboratory-setup. The effect of bed temperature, particle size, molar Ca/S ratio, and excess air factor on SO2, NO, NO2 emissions were studied, from which the optimum operating condition for the lowest gaseous pollutants emissions from CFB was recommended: bed temperature of 800~950 ℃, molar Ca/S ratio of 5~7, and excess air factor of 1.4, and middle particle size is optimum. Nevertheless, general temperature of fluidized bed with the release and control of SO2 is in good stead, but with the release and control of NOx is adverse. With the increasing of the Ca/S, the gaseous pollutants concentration all decreases rapidly. With the increasing of the excess air factor, the gaseous pollutants concentration all increases a little firstly and then decreases gradually.


ed and reified, with some being romanticised and others "abjected" (Ewing 2008), but all pointing to the camp dwellers' lack of integration. However, camp dwellers' masculinities did not rest upon uniformity. The ability to move through and master diverse and sometimes contrasting registers of manhood was an important dimension of daily life in Al-Wihdat at the time of my research. During the course of their adolescence and early adulthood, young men in the camp have reproduced "Palestinian nationalism" as a system of human values and as an everyday reality of "normal life" through the negotiation of diverse forms of manhood, most notably embodied by the figure of the dawawīn and the sheikh. Despite their obvious differences "dawawīn" and "sheikh" masculinities share common attributes traditionally ascribed to what authors have called hegemonic forms of masculinity such as male assertiveness, moral or physical strength, and independence. By exploring the production of masculinities in diverse settings, I have come to recognise a shift in the significance of the political in people's lives. The time in which there were the most dawawīn in the camp was before and during Black September. Afterwards, disillusioned by the broken promises of Palestinian nationalism on one hand, and deprived of their political agency by poverty and governmental control on the other, many withdrew from


James River identified Mao Lan Forest Farm Forestry Bureau of the types of medicinal plants,regional distribution,and the types of statistics are analyzed.


The activated char was directly adsorbed by hemoglobin in hemoglobin solution.The effects of adsorption temperature, time, concentration of hemoglobin solution, amount of activated char added on the adsorption of hemoglobin in water were studied in this paper. The best technological conditions were given as follows:adsorption temperature is 30 ℃; adsorption time is 5 h; concentration ratio of hemoglobin solution is 1℃10; the amount of activated char added is 30 g.


The high temperature oxidation of β-NiAl, undoped and doped with Ce, Y and Hf was studied in situ by thermogravimetry in He with p(O 2 ) = 5.10 -6 bar at 1000°C and by high temperature X-ray diffraction at 950 and 1000°C in air. After the in situ experiments the samples were analysed by optical microscopy and SEM with EDX. It was observed by thermogravimetry that the weight gain for β-NiAl+Hf is lower than for undoped β-NiAl, whereas the weight gain for β-NiAl+Y was similar to that for β-NiAl. For β-NiAl+Ce an enhanced increase of mass gain was observed. The in situ X-ray-experiments show that in the first hours of the oxidation process the metastable O-Al 2 O 3 is formed, which transforms to the protective a-Al 2 O 3 after different periods of time, depending on the dopant element and the temperature. The analysis of the samples shows that the ternary phases along the grain boundaries were oxidized, whereas the ternary phase precipitates within the grains remained unoxidized. The extend of the grain boundary oxidation increases from β-NiAl+Hf and β-NiAl+Y to β-NiAl+Ce.


Experiments were conducted to determine the relative toxicities of seven insecticides to adult and late instar lesser mealworms and to compare the residual activity of permethrin and carbaryl on polystyrene and unpainted plywood. In the residual activity tests, insecticide performance was altered by differences in formulation, surface type, and life stage of the insect. Wettable powder formulations were more effective on polystyrene than were emulsifiable concentrate formulations. Residual activity of permethrin and carbaryl was longer and more effective on polystyrene surfaces than on unpainted plywood. Tetrachlorvinphos WP (0.50% AI) gave excellent control on both surfaces. In the topical application experiments, permethrin, famphur, and tetrachlorvinphos were most toxic. Dimethoate, tetrachlorvinphos, carbaryl, and propoxur were more toxic to late instars than to adults. The reverse was true for malathion. Protection administered to polystyrene insulation by surface sprays may be nullified by the burrowing habits of the insect. Toxicity profiles of different mealworm populations may depend on different spray regimes within poultry houses.


In year 2001-2003, Ningxia Geology Survey Institute has carried o ut regional geology investigation work of 1∶ 250,000 Guyuan region in southern Ningxia. Based on region geology investigation, the paper stresses the developme nt of complete and systemic investigation on environment geology of the map regi on. This investigation mainly investigate environment geology problem of the key environment factor, geology calamity, water and soil erosion, endemic diseases and mankind's engineering, activity etc, so as to provide measures for protectin g ecology environment of southern Ningxia, and the scientific foundation for dev eloping the domestic economy.


Abstract The direct generation of aldehydes from carboxylic acids is often a challenging synthetic task but undoubtedly attractive in view of abundant supply of such feedstocks from nature. Though long known, biocatalytic carboxylate reductions are at an early stage of development, presumably because of their co‐factor requirement. To establish an alternative to whole‐cell‐based carboxylate reductions which are limited by side reactions, we developed an in vitro multi‐enzyme system that allows for quantitative reductions of various carboxylic acids with full recycling of all cofactors and prevention of undesired over‐reductions. Regeneration of adenosine 5′‐triphosphate is achieved through the simultaneous action of polyphosphate kinases from Meiothermus ruber and Sinorhizobium meliloti and β‐nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide 2′‐phosphate is reduced by a glucose dehydrogenase. Under these conditions and in the presence of the carboxylate reductases from Neurospora crassa or Nocardia iowensis, various aromatic, heterocyclic and aliphatic carboxylic acids were quantitatively reduced to the respective aldehydes.


The application of novel coupling method for detection of micro vesicles: the role of the advanced bright-field light optical polarization microscopy


Fish species and subspecies occurring in fresh water in the North of Vietnam are systematically described. Their geographical distribution is given.


Studies using C. elegans nematodes demonstrated that, against the dogma, animals can transmit epigenetic information transgenerationally. While it is now clear that in these worms ancestral RNA interference (RNAi) responses continue to regulate gene expression for many generations, it is still debated whether the primary agent that perpetuates heritable silencing is RNA or chromatin, and whether the information is communicated to the next generation inside or outside of the nucleus. Here we take advantage of the tractability of gene-specific double stranded RNA-induced heritable silencing to answer these questions. We demonstrate that RNAi can be inherited independently of any changes to the chromatin or any other nuclear factors via mothers that are genetically engineered to transmit only their ooplasm but not the oocytes' nuclei to the next generation. Nucleus-independent RNA inheritance depends on ZNFX-1, an RNA-binding germ granule resident protein. We find that upon manipulation of normal germ granules functions (in pptr-1 mutants) nucleus-independent RNA inheritance becomes stronger, and can occur even in znfx-1 mutants. Utilizing RNA sequencing, chimeric worms, and sequence polymorphism between different C. elegans isolates, we identify endogenous small RNAs which, similarly to exogenous siRNAs, are inherited in a nucleus-independent manner. From an historical perspective, nucleus-independent inheritance of small RNAs might be regarded as partial vindication of discredited cytoplasmic inheritance theories from the 19th century, such as Darwin's "pangenesis" theory.


Air quality improvements affect regional climate in complex ways Aerosols have a strong influence on the present climate, but this influence will likely be reduced over the coming decades as air pollution measures are implemented around the world. At a global level, aerosols have helped to reduce the warming effect from greenhouse gas emissions, and necessary reductions in air pollution may thus make it harder to achieve ambitious global climate and environmental aims, such as the Paris Agreement's 2°C target. Furthermore, the local nature of air pollution means that the impacts of changes to aerosol emissions—on temperature, precipitation, extreme events, and health—are likely to differ widely from one place to another. Model and observational studies are beginning to assess these impacts, particularly the link between aerosols and precipitation, to elucidate the climate effects of cleaning up our air.


Background: Patient involvement in practice assessment was first introduced in 1996 but failed to establish itself as a routine part of nurse training. Fourteen years later, in 2010 the UK Nursing and Midwifery Council restated this requirement in response to concerns that university-based nursing education was not producing caring and compassionate nurses. This concern speaks to two enduring discourses around the professionalisation of nursing. First, there is a discourse of nursing as a caring vocation, predicated upon a model of practical, ward-based training. Second, there is a discourse of nursing that regards it as an adjunct medical profession, predicated upon technical-scientific education. Aim: To critically explore how these discourses influence and affect the contributions, involvement and subject positions associated with patients and their involvement in the summative assessment of pre-registration adult nursing students during hospital placements. Methods: This study adopted a poststructuralist logics approach that involved analysis of documentary and narrative texts. Six patients, six adult nursing students, six mentors and six nurse lecturers from one UK university and one acute hospital placement provider were interviewed using semi-structured interviews (24 in total). Hajer's ten analytical steps guided data analysis. Findings: The empirical characterisation of patient involvement as a social logic identified three distinct sets of practices, logics of experientialisation, protectionism and systematisation. These social logics demonstrate the on-going tensions between patient and practitioner appraisals of patient involvement. The analysis of political and fantasmatic logics demonstrates how boundaries between vocation versus


Muscle atrophy is inevitable in limb immobilization. Definitely reduces the chances of a good outcome. It is usually about reversible muscle damage, which in most cases results in only prolonged rehabilitation, however, is not a rare case that leads to a permanently reduced extremity function.
 Given that there is no pharmacotherapy that would prevent or reduce the development of muscle atrophy, we hypothesized that pentadecapeptide BCP157 in relation to NO system reduces the development of atrophy and subsequently promotes muscle regeneration, taking into account previous studies of muscle resection, tendon and ligament resection, wound healing and favorable antiinflammatory effects of pentadecapeptide BCP 157.
 Rats with a resected patellar ligament on the back left leg will be treated with oral and parenteral BPC157 (10ug/kg, 10ng/kg), L-NAME (5 mg / kg) and L-arginine (100 mg / kg) alone and / or in combination.
 Having in mind that the resection of patellar ligament causes muscle atrophy, according to our previous work, we will measure the effects of pentadecapeptide BPC 157, we will do clinical functional tests and histological analysis of the lesions in the muscle.
 RT-PCR will investigated levels of eNOS, iNOS, COX-2 mRNA from muscle tissue. The contribution of study will be in defining comprehensive development of atrophy and prevention of the same, and benefit effects of BPC 157 which will provide a significant scientific novelty.


A compliant circuit element spacing system comprises a circuit board, a dummy spacer component, and a compliant circuit element. One or more active components are mounted to the circuit board. The dummy spacer component is also mounted to the circuit board, such that the dummy spacer component is electrically isolated from each active component mounted to the circuit board. The compliant circuit element is positionable proximate the circuit board, and spaced from the circuit board by the dummy spacer component. The spacing component isolates the compliant circuit element from each active component mounted to the circuit board.


Aim: To observe the effect of alcohol on PPARγ and osteocalcin mRNA expression in multipotential stem cell from bone marrow named D1 cell. Methods: D1 cells were maintained in culture and treated with 0(control), 0.09, 0.15, and 0.21 mol/L ethanol daily for 14 days. The effect of ethanol on adipogenesis was examined by detecting the accumulation of triglyceride vesicles winthin the cells by phase contrast microscopy and Sudan IV staining. The percentage of adipocytes was calculated by using computer image analysis software. The level of PPARγ and osteocalcin mRNA expression was investigated by RT-PCR. Results: On day 14, there were few adipocytes in the control cells and a large number of adipocytes in the cells treated with ethanol. The percentage of adipocytes in culture increased when the cells were treated with higher concentrations of ethanol, which showed a dose-dependent relation (P 0.001). The expression of osteocalcin mRNA of treatment with 0.09, 0.15, and 0.21 mol/L ethanol decreased by 38%, 43%, and 54%,respectively, compared with control cells (P 0.001). While expression of PPARγ mRNA did not change compared mith control cells ( P 0.05). Conclusion: Alcohol can induce the differentiation of multipotential stem cell from bone marrow (D1) into adipocytes, suggesting that adipogenesis is brought about by the action of ethanol downstream in the fatty acid metabolism pathway, which may be a major factor contributing to alcohol-related osteonecrosis.


By use of the methods of literature review,field survey,it is concluded that the Tibetan Guozhuang fitness sport,as the principal item for the national fitness campaign,boasts incomparable advantages over other modern sports in the Tibetan areas.Then an all-around analysis is made of its popularity,economy,locality,artisan feature,ethnic living customs,cultural heritage and etc,in hope of popularizing the sport as a principal item for national fitness campaign.


The study aims to determine the difficulties experienced by students, to determinine factors on students learning difficulties biology and the effect of study result students in class XI IPA 19 SMAN Medan Learnig Year 2014/2015. The population in this study were all students of class XI Science SMAN 19 Medan and the sample is taken in purposive sample. Research instrument is by using questionnaires. Through data analysis techniques, namely the percentage of descriptive analysis teqnique known of the factors learning difficulties, such as the physical factor (50,47% or hamper) that are the student healty (50,47% or hamper). Psychological factor (62,09% or hamper) that are student attention (45,64% or hamper); intelligence (51,39% or hamper); interest (75,25% or inhibit); and motivation (79,95% or inhibit). School factor (53,40% or hamper) that are method of teaching (59,30% or hamper); tool lesson (45,78% or hamper); above standart size (42,87% or not hamper); and media(65,66% or inhibit). The subject matter is more difficult exretion system is 75,52%, respiration system is 64,13% and digestive system is 59,91%. Based on an overall score of 6446 is the ideal score 11060 or 57,36% means that students have learning difficulties that hinder. Based on result questionnaire analysis conducted, it was found that the factors that most influence students learning difficulties are psychological factor, namely motivation for 79,95% belonging to inhibit criteria and the hardest subject matter is exretion system.


A reception processing method according to conditions in a mobile communication terminal is provided to set priorities and time conditions when services for each CID are received, thereby selectively processing a reception response or a reception rejection according to the set priorities and the time conditions. A terminal sets priorities and time conditions for the priorities(S21). When an SMS or an MMS is received(S22), a CID extractor extracts CID information from an SMS or an MMS message to send the extracted information to a controller(S23). The controller confirms whether the same CID as the extracted CID information exists(S24). If so, the controller retrieves priority information according to the time conditions(S26). If a retrieved priority is set to be a top priority, the controller receives the SMS or the MMS message regardless of a receiving mode(S27).


Zoos and sanctuaries use enrichment as part of their animal welfare program and it is a required standard practice to be accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA). Enrichment is broadly defined as activities that keep captive animals' bodies and minds active. Many activities for orangutans are produced based on replicating behaviors seen in the wild, with goals to prevent habituation, appeal to their high cognition, and address individual preferences. Often times the most successful activity is one that is easily replicated and affordable, as orangutans are strong and can be quite destructive. Popular items used for enrichment consist of boxes, blankets, and ice treats, but institutions have recently added in digital technology, including touchscreen computers and tablets. This paper demonstrates a digital enrichment artifact suitable for orangutans with a focus on variability, customization, and flexibility to work in restrictive environments.


The 2021 Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB) Virtual Science Research Conference (SRC) on Protein Aggregation: Function, Dysfunction, and Disease was held on June 23– 25, 2021 after initially being planned as an inperson meeting in Tucson, AZ, USA. The meeting, like all FASEB meetings in recent months, required reformatting to be held virtually as a result of the ongoing COVID19 pandemic. The goal of the meeting was to cover the normal and pathological mechanisms of protein aggregation. This included traditional core themes of the meeting series, such as the structure of aggregates, functional aggregates, the mechanisms of aggregate assembly, and the role of aggregate polymorphism in the clinical characteristics of disease. New technologies to understand aspects of aggregation were introduced at the meeting. In addition, in recent years, notions of protein aggregation have expanded to include a range of normal biological phenomena such as the formation of membraneless organelles driven by liquid/liquid phase separation. These mechanisms intersect with the pathological mechanisms in protein aggregation diseases. As such the meeting also brought these broader aspects of biology together with an emphasis on how normal and pathological aggregation arises, and the impacts on human health and therapeutic development. The FASEB SRC Protein Aggregation meeting series was established to address the need to bring researchers together on this topic to discuss basic research and clinical research. The meeting has run, on average, every 2– 3 years since 1995 and has earned a reputation as a "must go" meeting in the field on the conference calendar. The 2021 meeting had two plenary presentations, 32 additional invited speakers, and 21 abstract talks. The gender balance for speakers was 42% female. The meeting was attended by 223 delegates. The meeting represented more new voices than previous meetings, with less than 10% of the invited speakers having presented in any one of the last 3 meetings. The organizers also introduced new measures to address issues of diversity, equity, and inclusion. In particular, the meeting featured two workshops on the topic, one organized by FASEB and one by the conference as a hallmark initiative. The workshops included thoughtprovoking and engaging discussions on issues of race, gender, disability, sexuality, and gender identity and how they impact the research field. The organizers also strove to facilitate more opportunities for junior researchers to be engaged in the meeting. This included expanding the number of chairs for each session in order to mix earlierstaged researchers with more experienced researchers. The organizers also partnered with junior scientists to facilitate a Next Generation symposium the day prior to the start of the main meeting and hosted a Career Development Workshop. To maximize the impact of the online format, the program was designed to be as accommodating as possible to the three major time zones


Many web users are faced with the problem of selecting which books to read and movies to watch. Traditionally, we ask our trusted friends for recommendations, but algorithmic recommendation models make those choices even easier, saving us time and effort by steering us towards media we are more likely to enjoy. The downside to most algorithmic recommendations is that, for some people, part of the appeal of reading or consuming other media is in creating shared experiences with friends. In this work, we aim to bridge this gap. We present a model that incorporates social network information into recommendation models, reintroducing the social aspect to recommendation and having the potential to improve overall recommendations. Further, our model discovers the latent trust that exists between users in a network and allows us to consider which users are more trustworthy than others, providing us insight into the social network's dynamics.


A great emphasis is placed on searching for efficient sources to produce renewable fuels due to the actual trends in avoiding the use of fossil resources to mitigate the environment's deterioration. Thus, the use of waste from the food or wood industry for the production of biofuels is widely researched and may contribute to sustainable general development. Rendered fat and Fischer-Tropsch waxes are high-energy materials which could be used for the pyrolysis reaction. Therefore, in this study, the effect of reaction parameters and feedstock composition on the distribution of the pyrolysis products has been examined. The experiments were carried out in a nitrogen atmosphere in a multi-shot pyrolizer instrument equipped with GC-FID. First, the influence of the temperature was examined at 785, 800, and 815 °C. The highest yield to olefins was observed at 815 °C. The effect of triglycerides and paraffins contents (0–100% with 10% ramp) in the feedstock on the product composition was investigated at 815 °C. The gas chromatography analyses revealed that the feedstock composition did not significantly affect the product composition due to the high temperature and the long linear chain structure similarities between the free fatty acids and Fischer-Tropsch waxes.


Abstract. This paper makes use of the wind-field full-scale measurement system of civil engineering structure which is based on wireless sensor technology and developed independently, conducts monitoring of the wind speed and direction of the large-longspan cover of the national stadium, and gets the wind-field full-scale measurement. Therefore, such characteristic parameters as average wind speed and direction, gustiness factor, scale of turbulence and pulsating wind power spectrum are got. Through the analysis of the measured data, the results show that there are relative differences between the wind-field on the large-longspan cover and the natural incoming flow characters, which manifests that the non-gaussian characteristic is obvious, the turbulence intensity is larger, the pulsating wind speed power spectrum reaches the peak at higher frequency, and the fluctuation characteristics of the pulsations in space are weak; this paper has proved from the perspective of field measurement.


Retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP) is a subtype of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In the past, this peculiar type of neovascularization was considered to be refractory to treatment, and the efficacy of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy in RAP was not thoroughly evaluated in the early clinical trials. However, more recent studies focusing on treatment outcomes in RAP have shown that visual acuity can be improved or at least maintained in the majority of eyes using anti-VEGF therapy. Favorable results were achieved regardless of the regimens used which included fixed-dosing, as-needed, and treat-and-extend regimens. Nowadays, anti-VEGF therapy is a widely used first-line therapy for RAP. RAP shows several characteristics that distinguish it from other subtypes of neovascular AMD. The choroid is usually very thin and the incidence of geographic atrophy or retinal pigment epithelial tear is relatively high in RAP compared to the other subtypes. It is helpful for clinicians to consider these characteristics, which may influence the treatment outcome. In this article, the results of previous studies on anti-VEGF therapy for RAP are reviewed and important therapeutic considerations are discussed.


This study investigates whether public's emotional state relates to public opinion polls, in particular the approval rate of Barack Obama during his eight years of presidency of the United States. Given the positive penetration rates of Internet users and the recently released substantial database of Reddit comments, the main objective of this study is to determine to what extent public emotions as measured from a large-scale collection of Reddit comments can be used to track public opinion polls. Despite the frequent use of polls, one must acknowledge three flaws, i.e. inaccurate data, requirement of large amount of respondents and time consuming to accomplish. Therefore, polls are often expensive to conduct. As a reply to these shortcomings, sentiment analysis uses Natural Language Processing techniques (NLP) to determine opinions from online sources. Sentiment analysis tools that automatically extract opinions from textual comments are quick, inexpensive and applicable on a large-scale. Previous research in sentiment analysis mainly focuses on a two-dimensional scale (positive versus negative). Polls are often limited to two-dimensional division (approve versus disapprove). NLP tools can provide a multidimensional view on public opinion by means of emotion analysis. A linear regression model with AR(I)MA errors is fitted to investigate the main question. The answer to the main question is twofold; on one hand, no significant results were found and therefore the study emphasizes that the approach was not sufficient to confirm the ability of public emotion to track presidential approval rates. On the other hand, emotional shifts aligned to remarkable events were captured. As a consequence of this conclusion, I still believe that expanding social media tracking tools with emotional analysis can be beneficial over relative costly and time consuming surveys and public opinion polls. Further research should move beyond the idea of supplementing public opinion polls and instead focus on substituting the polls.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyse how changes in a set of structural design variables (i.e. liaison position, networked design, innovation teams and work teams) affect the creation of new knowledge within organizations. The enablers intention, autonomy, fluctuation and creative chaos, redundancy, variety, and trust and commitment, taken from Nonaka's framework, are used as intermediate variables. Design/methodology/approach – A sample of 167 large Spanish companies was used to empirically test a general relational model. Findings – The analysis yielded two main conclusions. First, the relationship between structural variables and enablers, and, second, the relationship of enablers with knowledge creation emerged as highly relevant for knowledge creation in organizations. Research limitations/implications – A major limitation of this study was the relatively small number of variables used to define organizational structure. In reality, a large number of variables combine to create organizat...


Aim To observe the effect of famotidine combined with glutamine in small intestinal bleeding and discuss the new treatment for those cases who were not suitable for surgery. Methods Among 58 cases of small intestinal bleeding,13 patients were identified as cases not suitable for surgery by small bowel follow-through barium examination,99mTc tagged red blood cell examination,DSA and capsule endoscopy.After 8 week regular treatment,16 weeks of maintaining therapy was carried out,then patients were followed for additional 24 weeks,the total course was 48 weeks. Results At the end of 4 week treatment,the partial response rate was 38.5%,and the complete response rate was 46.2%,that lead to a total response rate of 84.7%.No case recurred bleeding during follow-up. Conclusion Glutamine is effective in treating small intestinal bleeding and no significant adverse effect has been observed.


Isolates of Botryosphaeria ribis from Melaleuca quinquenervia and Rhizophora mangle were evaluated for pathogenicity to M. quinquenervia clones under greenhouse conditions. Stem inoculations revealed (i) B. ribis induced cankers on stems that were similar to those observed in natural infections under field conditions, (ii) the mid-height segment of the main stem was more readily colonized than the root collar, (iii) a slightly positive correlation occurred between diameter of stems at the point of inoculations and canker lengths, (iv) hyphae and macroconidia were similarly effective as inocula for stem cankers, (v) more pronounced callusing occurred following inoculations during March than during October, (vi) all isolates initiated cankers on stems of all clones but some isolates exhibited greater aggressiveness, (vii) M. quinquenervia clones showed a differential susceptibility to infection by B. ribis, and (viii) establishment of this fungus in stem tissues requires a wound or some form of injury that stresses the tree.


We present a concise review of the plans of the ATLAS and CMS collaborations to search for new physics using dijet events. The inclusive cross section as a function of jet p$_{T}$, the dijet mass distribution and the dijet ratio's CMS techniques are presented together with their potential of discovery with a focus on the integrated luminosities of 10, 100 and 1000 pb$^{-1}$. Analogously, the inclusive jet and angular distribution searches in the dijet channel from ATLAS are presented together with the potential of discovery given in terms of needed integrated luminosity.


The text seeks to address skateboarding and its relationship with the city, with society and with the members of the movement. It traces, at first, a brief historical line of the emergence of the movement and the performance that assists in the formation of a lifestyle, which transforms into a culture. It also discusses the creation of skate tracks and the meanings that surround them. It also problematizes the access of women in an entirely male universe. It is hoped that the text can shed some light and ignite some sparks that cause a constant burning in rooted concepts that need to be rethought in favor of a more humane and sensitive society.


Objective – to identify different phenotypes of overweight in women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) based on body mass index (BMI) and serum leptin levels, as well as to determine the frequencies of various metabolic disorders, hypertension and cardiovascular complications in individual phenotypes. Material and methods. The study included 50 women with RA and 46 with SLE aged 18 to 65 years without a history of diabetes and fasting hyperglycemia. The concentration of leptin (ELISA), insulin (electrochemiluminescence analysis) was determined in all patients, and the HOMA-IR index was calculated. Hyperleptinemia was diagnosed at leptin concentrations >11,1 ng/ml, insulin resistance (IR) – at HOMA-IR values ≥2,77. Three main phenotypes of overweight were distinguished: "classic" (BMI≥25 kg/m2  + hyperleptinemia), "healthy" (BMI≥25 kg/m2 , without hyperleptinemia), "hidden" or "latent" (BMI<25 kg/m2  + hyperleptinemia), as well as "normal weight" (BMI<25 kg/m2 , without hyperleptinemia). Results. Patients with RA and SLE were similar in age (p=0.4), disease duration (p=0.2) and BMI (p=0.5). Hyperleptinemia was found in 46% of women with RA and 74% – with SLE (p=0.005), IR – in 10% and 22% of patients, respectively (p=0.2). The "classic" phenotype of overweight was diagnosed in 30%, "healthy" – in 8%, "hidden" – in 16% of cases with RA and in 44%, 0% and 30% of cases with SLE, respectively. IR was found in 3%, hypertension – in 6% of patients with "normal weight". With the "classical" phenotype, IR (29%) and hypertension (66%) were more common than with "normal weight" (p<0.01 in all cases), with the "hidden" phenotype, significant differences were obtained only in hypertension frequency (45%; p=0.0012), but not IR (18%). 3 out of 4 women with a history of cardiovascular complications suffered from "classic" overweight, one patient had a "normal weight". Conclusion. In women with SLE up to 65 years of age, the frequency of hyperleptinemia, but not IR, is higher than in patients with RA. In both diseases, the "classic" overweight phenotype is most common. In RA, a "hidden" phenotype was detected less often than in SLE, at the same time, a "healthy" phenotype is not characteristic of SLE. The frequencies of metabolic disorders and hypertension is low with the "normal weight" and "healthy" phenotype, high – with the "classic", intermediate – with the "hidden" phenotype.


One of the most characteristic changes during ripening of fleshy fruit is softening. This change is often attributed to enzymatic degradation and solubilization of the pectic substances.^ Recently pectic substances have been shown to solubilize during ripening in kiwi fruit {Actinidia chinensis Planch) after harvest.2) Of the pectic enzymes, only pectin esterase activity has been shown to be present in kiwi fruit during development and ripening.2) But neither the presence of polygalacturonase (PG, EC 220.127.116.11) nor its role in the softening of kiwi fruit has been reported. On the other hand it is well known that a very active protease exists in kiwi fruit.3) A. Alpi et al. reported that when catalase, fumalase, and isocitrate lyase were extracted from endosperm tissue of castor bean seedlings, the loss of activity of these enzymes in crude extracts was completely inhibited and yields improved by adding leupeptin, an inhibitor of serine-cysteine proteases, to the grinding medium.40 These facts led us to believe that the activity of PG in kiwi fruit could not been detected because PG was inactivated by the protease during extraction.' In this study, we examined the effects of protease inhibitors on PG activity in kiwi fruit during extraction. Before the extraction, fruits after harvest were treated with ethylene to hasten ripening, since the life-span of kiwi fruit after harvest was about 3 months, and muchlonger when stored at 22°C.


From time immemorial it has been known that there is something peculiar about the sexual anatomy and physiology of the spotted hyaena. The writers of antiquity relate the legend that this animal is hermaphrodite, or that it can change its sex at will. Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) mentions the story, but says that it is untrue. He did not, however, distinguish between the spotted and striped hyaenas: the legend relates to the spotted hyaena, but his refutation to the striped, the genital anatomy of which he correctly describes. Pliny the Elder (A.D. 23-79) repeats the legend, mentioning Aristotle's denial of its truth. Claudius Aelianus ( ca. A.D. 160-220) also states th at the hyaena changes its sex in alternate years.


We compute the absorption spectrum for multimagnon excitations assisted by phonons in insulating layered cuprates using exact diagonalization in clusters of up to 32 sites. The resulting line shape is very sensitive to the underlying magnetic Hamiltonian describing the spin dynamics. For the usual Heisenberg description of undoped Cu-O planes we find, in accordance with experiment, a two-magnon peak followed by high energy sidebands. However the relative weight of the sidebands is too small to reproduce the experiment. An extended Heisenberg model including a sizable four-site cyclic exchange term is shown to be consistent with the experimental data. (c) 1999 The American Physical Society.


Smart Grids is a modern adoption of power systems with the potential to revolutionize power distribution and management. In a general setting, a smart grid system is composed of multiple stakeholders who are involved in various operations including power generation, distribution and consumption. Effective, secure and trustworthy communication among these entities is crucial for the optimal operation of the system. Named Data Networking (NDN), the prominent Information Centric Networking (ICN) model provides a conducive architectural design to support the needs of this smart system. In this paper, we discuss data-centric security, data immutability and opportunistic in-network caching that are inherent features of NDN and enumerate the benefits and necessary accessories they provide for enhanced grid operation. We also see smart-grid as a viable system that can be built using NDN with the capability to provide the consumers with better quality of service (QoS), quality of experience (QoE) and most importantly vertical security.


A powder metallurgy route to the fabrication of metallic glass foam is introduced. The method involves consolidating metallic glass powder blended with blowing agent particulates to produce expandable precursors, capable of yielding foams with porosities as high as 86%. The foams are found to inherit the strength of the parent metallic glass and to be able to deform heavily toward full densification absorbing high amounts of energy.