A standard truck chassis has a common support on the rear end of its main frame for a lower extensible and retractable vehicle deck and for a lower deck stabilizer unit which is also employed to tilt the lower deck following its rearward extension. Another support rising from the chassis main frame behind the truck cab pivotally supports the forward end of an upper vehicle deck positioned over the lower deck and the rear end of an over-cab vehicle deck. Power devices are provided to tilt the upper vehicle deck and the over-cab deck at proper times during vehicle loading and unloading operations. Three vehicles can be carried bodily on the three decks of the transporter and a fourth vehicle can be towed by the stabilizer unit.


Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH), produced by pre-antral and antral follicular granulosa cells, has a role in limiting primordial follicular number to develop into primary follicles. Its level can be measured in the serum, which is relatively not fluctuating along the menstrual cycle and its level is decreasing gradually along with the increasing age of a woman. The number of developing follicles depends on the number of remaining follicles in the ovary and the numbers of mature follicles. The number of oocytes obtained in ovarian stimulation depends on the developing follicular number. Therefore, the examination of serum basal AMH level can indirectly describe ovarian reserve and predict ovarian response on ovulatory stimulation. The objective of this study was to examine correlation of basal serum AMH level and ovarian response with ovulatory stimulation in in vitro fertilization program. Population was women who met the inclusion criteria to participate the in vitro fertilization program in Fertility Clinic, Siloam Hospital, Surabaya, and Graha Amerta, Surabaya, from Februari 2007. Samples comprised 69 persons. AMH level was examined on day 3 menstruation along with the examination of other basal hormones. Data were collected during stimulation process up to ovarian harvesting procedure, which included total gonadothropin ampules, serum E2 level during hCG, pre-ovulatory folicular count, and oocyte count. Statistical analysis was undertaken using Pearson's correlation test to identify intervariable correlation. The result of this study revealed significant correlation between basal serum AMH level and pre-ovulatory follicular count (r = 0.529, p < 0,01), oocyte count (r = 0.535, p < 0.01), serum E2 level during hCG administration (r = 0.456, p < 0.01), and total gonadothropin ampules per pre-ovulatory follicle (r = -0.311, p < 0.01).


Abstract Around 1907, 1987, and 2007 Japan faced a crossroads in defining internationalism and Asianism, determining their relative priorities, and assessing their relevance for national identity. Similarities can be found in the far-reaching changes occurring in Japan's external environment in the three periods and in the importance of setting a new direction for strategic thinking. Misjudgments in the first two periods are reviewed in order to draw lessons for responding to today's challenges. A distorted outlook on internationalism led to rejection of shifts in US thinking welcomed elsewhere in the global community. Now as attention focuses on debates over the Six-Party Talks as a test of internationalization and over the East Asian Community and regionalism as a test of Asianism, it is possible that the riveting impact of the 'abductions' issue, as with the 'Northern Territories' issue 20 years earlier, will remain a symbol that trumps a strategic approach toward Asia at a moment of far-reaching regional reorganization. Shortcomings in dealing with the concepts internationalism and Asianism are connected; at the very time the Japanese struggle with one, they are also at an impasse over the other. The same set of factors may be at work: an absence of agreed principles on which to anchor foreign policy; fragmented strategic thinking that loses sight of interconnections and the big picture; and national identity that excessively separates Japan from global forces that transform politics and society and that narrowly compartmentalize the historical developments that shaped relations with Asian countries without capturing the fundamental regional dynamics.


QUESTIONS: Relationships between species, their functional traits and environmental gradients can now be more fully understood with trait‐based multi‐species distribution models (trait‐SDMs). However, general patterns are yet to emerge from founding studies using these models, which are mostly case studies at a single scale. Here, we address the generality of trait–environment relations by asking whether these relationships hold for different sampling schemes, environmental variables and species sets. METHODS: We focus on the drought and fire‐resistant "mallee" eucalypts of a semi‐arid region of southeast Australia, which are likely to face new climates and disturbance regimes under global change. We use hierarchical regression modelling to test how trait–environment relationships change for two data sets representing an extensively collected, multipurpose data set and an intensively collected data set stratified along environmental gradients. RESULTS: Three functional traits (specific leaf area, maximum height and seed mass) explained a substantial portion of the occurrence of species along soil, water and climatic gradients, with the relationship between seed mass and soil type robust across all tests. Other trait–environment relationships changed depending on study design and species set, with soil and substrate variables more important relative to climate (precipitation) for the intensively sampled survey. Remotely sensed variables were good surrogates for some field‐based measures (soil type), but not others (land form: dune or swale). In particular, airborne soil radiometric data show promise as a spatially continuous substitute for soil texture. CONCLUSIONS: Trait‐SDMs are a powerful tool for quantifying ecological interactions, but generalizations will only be possible when sample design, scale and environmental variables are carefully considered. We show that important ecological relationships can be diluted or missed entirely in broad scale trait–environment studies that rely on remotely sensed climate variables alone. Relationships that are robust to differences in study design, growth form and ecosystem (e.g., heavier seeds on sandy soil) are the most likely to reveal general ecological processes.


The selection of industries is the precondition of industrial district's success.A scientific and suitable choice of industries requires many elements.The author analyzes the theoretical basis of the choice of industries first,and then the factors that affect industry-choosing of Chongqing Cuntan Industrial District.Based on that,the author gives the strategies for the selection of industries in terms of the selection of dominant industries and limitations for companies entered.


This paper describes the construction of a tool supporting decision making (DSS). The name of the tool ''CIBSE'', comes from the acronym CIA-ISM for Business Success Evaluation, and it evaluates the success rate of entrepreneurial ideas by analyzing the previously modified Business Model Canvas (BMC). Modified Business Model Canvas include financial and no financial dimensions as a way to extend the original BMC. In order to analyze data, a model based on CIA-ISM is used to evaluate scenarios, and it enables the estimation of direct, indirect and cascading effects interrelationships between all dimensions to calculate an indicator of success. Moreover, this tool is able to identify weak and strong points of BMC, which will help to attain the survival goal of undertaking by reducing the level of uncertainty, or in other words, by reducing risk. Paradigm of Design Science has been used as a point of reference to design this tool, along the seven guidelines stated from the conceptualization of goal to the dissemination of results. Although this study is focused on regional context, it is associated with a project of public services of the 4th biggest region of the EU regarding the population size, as well as the 6th biggest region regarding its extent. This approach allows direct access, as well as a privileged access to data, technical resources and professionals to develop the model, tool and perform further validation having data of real projects.


A research dissertation submitted to the school of law in fulfillment of the requirements for the award of
a Bachelors Degree in Law of Kampala International University


14 States have broken balanced budget clauses of their own constitutions in addition to defying the rules of pension mathematics. I contend that the ratings agencies and the SEC are enablers by allowing this partial payment culture to exist and not punishing states and localities enough for not making their Actuarially Required Contribution (ARC). The dirty little secret of at least 14 states is that politicians have misled the public as both political parties have conspired to secretly borrow $100's of billions from their pensions.


The article discusses the results of long-term monitoring of the hydrochemical state of different types of lakes in the Raifa part of the Volzhsko-Kamsky State Nature Biosphere Reserve (Republic of Tatarstan). The comparative characteristics of the chemical composition and water quality of flowing and drainless lakes are given, and the multiplicities of exceeding the maximum permissible concentrations of pollutants in the summer period of 2016-2020 are revealed. It is noted that flowing lakes with a swampy catchment area in the Ser-Bulak river valley are most susceptible to biogenic load. High concentrations of heavy metals are associated with the accumulation of organic substances in these reservoirs.


In this paper, a measurement system for making rapid measurements of moisture content, fuel mixture, volume and the bulk density of bio fuels is presented. The method uses radio frequency spectroscopy, and is a small scale version of what is intended to be used directly in the fuel containers arriving to the power plants. The advantages with the method are that it is fast and reliable, and it can be used for measuring mean value characteristics of large amounts of biofuel. Reflection characteristics for frequencies from 310 to 1300 MHz are simulated and measured for sawdust. The attenuation is evaluated in frequency and time domain. It is concluded that a calibration of the whole system is needed to compensate for disturbances in the test system. Both the surface and the bottom reflection are possible to detect in time domain. The simulated and measured attenuation in frequency domain have a similar periodic behavior up to around 800 MHz. Above 800 MHz the system is disturbed by the higher order modes


The present invention is in the field of information processing, discloses a method of protecting sensitive information, comprising: determining a server needs to sensitive information; transmitting first information to a trusted non-trusted device connected to this device, the first information so that the trusted the device is able to transmit sensitive information to the server, wherein the sensitive information is inputted on the trusted device; receiving said second information transmitted from the trusted device, the second information based on the first and generating information including sensitive information encrypted with the first key, wherein one of the first key satisfies the following: the non-trusted device does not know the first key; know the non-trusted device but not the first key using the first key to the encryption and decryption of sensitive information; forwarding the information to the second server. The program can protect sensitive information leakage through non-trusted device, while the user can use the web application by a non-trusted device.


Sialography is a radiological method used to demonstrate the anatomy of the salivary ducts and glands and their various diseases. To make full use of this examination one must have a good knowledge of the anatomy of the area and have mastered the technique. A metal cannula in the salivary ducts with iodised oil as the contrast medium has been widely used in sialography since Barsony's description of the method in 1925 (Ollerenshaw and Rose, 1957; Stiris, 1959). Because reactions in the salivary glands can follow the use of iodised oil (thereby making an ensuing operation difficult) it has been gradually replaced by water-soluble contrast media. However, these contrast media disappear so quickly from the salivary ducts, that to obtain satisfactory films it is necessary to maintain a continuous flow of contrast during the exposures. Gullmo and Book-Hederstrom (1958) described a method in which a long polyethylene catheter is joined to the cannula, which is then introduced into the salivary duct. Prior to th...


105Background: We aimed to engage oncologists to disseminate a successful pilot-tested shared mental model (SMM) for the integration of early advance care planning (ACP) and identification of palliative care (PC) needs across a health system's oncologic practice. Methods: Our Oncology Communication Collaborative Team (OCCT) had oncology leadership support and included a multidisciplinary team representing leaders in oncology, ACP, PC, psycho-social oncology and quality. To communicate the SMM developed by our team, the OCCT developed an interactive Saturday session (1-hr didactic, 3-hr small group role-play) that focused on early ACP and the cognitive and emotional aspects of communication. Before and after the training, we asked participants to rate their ability to communicate with patients as well as their readiness, self-efficacy, and need for help to improve communication regarding prognosis, ACP, end of life care and symptom management using a previously validated survey. We computed means and compa...


Different laser beam techniques were applied to AISI M3 steel samples in order to produce well-defined surface microtextures consisting of pores, which can act as lubricant pockets (reservoir) as well as traps for wear debris. Both effects contribute to improve the tribological performance of textured functional surfaces. The tribological performance of lasertetxures was studied as function of the pore depth and diameter in unidirectional sliding tests under starved lubrication. The lasertetxured surfaces tested under those conditions were produced by a well-established ns laser technique using a Q switched Nd:YAG laser. The topographical microstructures of these laser-induced textures were characterized by optical and scanning electron microscopy as well as replica technique. A significant change in friction behavior as compared to untextured tool surfaces was observed when using microtextured surfaces. In another part of the study, the influence of new-developed fs laser technique of the tool steel was investigated. The fs laser texturing of the steel results in a change of the metallographic structure of the laser-affected zone, which is clearly detectable in cross-section samples. The structure of the material and chemical composition of the laser-affected, pore-near region was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy with combined EDX analysis. It could be shown that the laser-affected zone seems to consist of an amorphous or nanocrystalline material in opposite to the 'macrocrystalline' steel substrate. Nanoindentations revealed a two times higher hardness of the laser-affected zone than the steel bulk phase.


This paper analyzes on the features of the IC card management system and its important function in the management of the construction market, and makes concrete introduction to the classification of software's functions and the components of the system module.


One of the most important reactions of human beings is the response to the novelty of a stimulus, an orienting reflex, or a "What's that?" reflex, as Pavlov called it [3]. Study of the dynamics of an orienting reflex in humans and animals has shown that an orienting response does not occur to a stimulus as such, but only as a result of a comparison of the stimulus with traces left in the nervous system by some preceding stimuli. If a given stimulus and the trace left by a previously presented stimulus coincide, an orienting response does not take place. But if a given stimulus does not coincide with the trace from a preceding stimulus, an orienting response does occur; and, within certain limits, its intensity will depend on the magnitude of the difference between the new stimulus and the trace left by repeated impingements of previous stimuli. The configuration of a trace left in the nervous system by repetition of a stimulus sets all the parameters of a signal. The nervous system constructs a model of t...


American education has long been under a microscope. In a time when all aspects of our school system face close scrutiny, educators, administrators, and parents are asking critical questions about how we educate those superior students we call "able learners." Our schools reward behavior inappropriate for an independent thinker, researcher, or artist. Programming for our most capable students is fragmented and discontinuous. And yet there are schools and programs that hold significant promise. This four-year national study from the Sid W. Richardson Foundation provides a broad database, looks into the backgrounds of a few unusually creative individuals, and examines programs with a record of success. It argues in favor of comprehensive programming for able learners, providing a steady challenge for all students, helping to insure that no individual talent withers for want of opportunity. Included are recommendations for discovering and nurturing talent in students (including traditionally neglected groups, the economically disadvantaged, and the culturally diverse), building and administering sound programs, developing appropriately trained staff and teachers, and evaluating effectiveness of programs to assure accountability and add credibility. Compiling data from diverse sources-including 35 MacArthur Foundation Fellows, 400 schools, 1,172 school districts, and countless school personnel and students-the study looks at programs for able learners throughout the country, from Project Pegasus in Iowa to Oaks Academy in Texas, from Bronx High School of Science in New York to Bishop Carroll High School in Alberta, Canada. The authors' conclusions based on this broad investigation provide an impassioned call for coordinated schooling and cooperation among all segments of society to develop a new generation of creative, self-motivated students.


This experience report draws from participation in and observation of life in a professionally-based residential treatment center for substance abusers in Hungary by its cultural anthropologist and psychiatrist co-authors. Our primary focus is on a set of rituals aimed at instilling and sustaining trust among the recovering addict members of this community. These rituals, we believe, are crucial components in processes combating the deleterious effects of the dual socialization these women and men have experienced both as addicts and as citizens of a nation scarred by decades of political oppression. Consequently, they enter the community double burdened with behavioral repertoires heavy with distrust, deceit, and denial incompatible with the trust and mutual support necessary for the community's paramount self-help project aimed at providing substance abusers with sober and life sustaining ways of acting, thinking, and feeling.


N U M B E R of recent studies of gender roles in The Faerie Queene have concentrated on what has been perceived as the narrator's shifting (and perhaps shifty) appraisal of women's ability to rule.' In Book 111, the narrator suggests that women are at least as capable as men in "warlike armes," the "artes," and "pol1icy"-which are, of course, the principal areas in which a Renaissance prince was expected to excel (ii.2).* In Book V, however, the narrator seems to retreat from the conclusion implicit in his earlier claims, saying of women that "wise Nature did them strongly bynd, / T'obay the heasts ofmans well ruling hand" (v.25). Although the apparent shift in the poet's attitude has been the subject of a good deal of critical debate, little has been resolved. Some scholars (best represented by Susanne Woods) see an outright contradiction between the two books, although perhaps one that is part of an intentional dialectic with the reader.3 Others argue that, by and large, Spenser takes a consistent stand on the issue, although there has been considerable disagreement about the nature of his position. On the one hand, Josephine Roberts4 stresses details that make the poet's views seem closest to those of relatively liberal Anglicans, whose principal spokesman, Bishop John Aylmer, argues that nothing in divine or natural law denies women the right to rule and that they have done so ably "in al ages, in many countreis, and vnder euery m~narck[y]."~ J. E. Phillips and Pamela Ben-


For many years the American Academy of Pediatrics has recommended that pediatricians discuss safety with parents. Value and effectiveness of this type of discussion have been questioned. In the following study, an effort was made to determine whether a physician is able to implement safety education by recommending that his patients install seat belts. The purpose of the study was to measure the effectiveness of personal influence and specifically to determine if the personal urging of a pediatrician was more influential than mass media in effecting the installation of seat belts.


Initial public offerings (IPOs) of common stock are followed in the immediate after market by sizeable increases in stock prices on average. The large initial returns of IPO shares have attracted a great deal of attention in the empirical and theoretical literature of finance, and IPOs are said to be "underpriced" because of their large initial returns. The dominant explanations of the underpricing phenomenon suggest that the initial returns should be earned by purchasers who buy shares in the initial offering rather than those who buy shares in the aftermarket. Since many shares experience a great deal of trading activity during their first day of trading, and since observers have noted that many purchasers almost immediately "flip" (i.e., resell) their shares, it is not obvious who gains from the underpricing of the IPOs. We resolve that issue by examining opening price data in contrast to the closing price data on which previous studies have been based. We examine 175 operating company IPOs and 54 closed-end fund IPOs over the two-year period from December 1988 through December 1990. We contrast the returns based on the offering price to the first day's closing price against the returns based on the offering price to the price of the first transaction of the day, and we also examine the intraday price on the first day of trades.


Scientific advice to fishery managers needs to be expressed in probabilistic terms to convey uncertainty about the consequences of alternative harvesting policies (policy performance indices). In m...


Micromachining miniature microphone is one of the most challenging tasks in research and development today. For micromachining membrane, there is a significant internal (residual) stress, which strongly decreases the mechanical sensitivity of membrane. As predicted by theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, a corrugated diaphragm can greatly increase the mechanical sensitivity of the microphone diaphlagms due to the reduction of the initial stress effect without changing the process conditions. A silicon condenser miniature for crophone with corrugated diaphragm has been designed, fabricated and tested. The fabrication process is simple, efficient and fully compatible with standard IC process. Wafer level measurement has been carried out. An open circuit sensitivity of 40 my/Pa up to 7 kHz could be achieved under a low bias voltage of 10 V with only 1.5× 1.5 mm2 chip area. The preamplifier and subsequent signal process circuits are expected to be integrated in the same chip to make a complete micro-acoustic system.


Abstract: We explored the 18S rDNA sequences of Pseudo-nitzschia and its close relatives, together with their individual secondary structure information to reconstruct phylogenies. Forty-eight taxa classified in the Bacillariaceae and Achnanthaceae were analyzed by character-based (maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood) and distance-based (neighbour-joining) methods. Three raphid diatoms from the Eunotiaceae were used as out-groups. The sequence-structure alignment was generated by 4SALE (i.e. a one-letter encoded alignment that contained the individual secondary structure information) and applied to the character-based phylogeny reconstruction. All analyses highly support Pseudo-nitzschia + Fragilariopsis as monophyletic. The Pseudo-nitzschia/Fragilariopsis clade is further divided into three subclades. One clade comprises members in the P. seriata and P. americana complexes and species of Fragilariopsis; the second and third clades constitute members in P. pseudodelicatissima and P. delicatissima complexes. Among all analyses, the distance-based method yielded a more highly resolved phylogenetic framework for the Pseudo-nitzschia/Fragilariopsis clade than did the character-based analyses. Other than those currently known genetic markers, 18S rDNA was also useful in exploring the intrageneric relationships.


The mixing of weaned pigs from different litters was observed so that the effect of a large difference in bodyweight on fighting could be examined. When 5- to 6-wk-old pigs met in pairs for 1 h, fights were longer and biting more frequent if the difference in weight between the pigs was small (  3.0 kg). In groups of four 5- to 6-wk-old pigs taken from different litters, fighting was more prolonged during 2 h after mixing if there was little weight variation in the group (coefficient of variation ) than if there was large weight variation (coefficient of variation ). When groups of four pigs were formed by taking one large and one small pig from each of two litters, the longest duration of fighting occurred between the two large pigs. Significantly less fighting occurred between the large and small pigs and between the two smaller pigs. Subordinate pigs were less likely to retaliate against the dominant pigs if the weight difference was large. It seemed that the presence of...


The article is a preface to a previously unknown text by A.A. Vaneev (1922–1985), a disciple and follower of L.P. Karsavin (1882– 1952), author of the book "Two Years in Abezi", containing a philosophical portrait of the Russian religious philosopher. "Letters to the Teacher" became one of the first attempts of Vaneev to comprehend and present the ideas of Lev Karsavin, learned by the disciple as a result of long communication with his eminent interlocutor. Already that early text testifies to the philosophical sensitivity and gift of independent thought of Anatoly Vaneev, a recent convinced materialist, a pupil of the Soviet anti-religious education system. The meeting with Karsavin and immersion in his works led Vaneev to his own topics – clarifying the positive meaning of atheism and identifying the features of a new religiosity that has latently absorbed modern atheism. The article briefly analyzes the meaning of the idea of the heuristic meaning of dogmatics, as something most essential for understanding the reflections of both thinkers.


• Snohomish County is currently in the low-risk transmission category. • The Snohomish County COVID-19 case rate decreased this last week. • COVID-19-related hospitalizations decreased to 1.7/100,000. • COVID-19 transmission was <50/100,000 across all zip codes in Snohomish County. • Case rates decreased amongst all age groups except for 80+ which was stable. Highest case-rates are amongst our 70+ population, which is due to higher rates of testing, and small population size. • We saw decreases in cases week to week for all race/ethnicity groups except for Black/African American which saw a slight increase. • There have been no cases associated with reported LTCF outbreaks in the past two weeks. There have been no new new LTCF outbreak for the past two weeks.


This experiment investigated how two factors which relate to icon representations affected Taiwanese computer users. These were: alphabetic or non alphabetic representations and cultural or standard imagery. Fifty-two Taiwanese citizens with a similar ability in English were shown a series of twenty-six icons on a computer screen and a list of labels, and asked to match the labels with the icons. The results indicated that cultural elements, especially alphabetical cultural elements aided the recognition of icons by participants not familiar with computers.


This paper explores the relationship between trust and happiness. It specifically looks at more moral investment behavior across five countries. To explore this topic, survey data from five countries analyzed. The results suggest that moral investment behavior differs among countries and societies depending on the trust level, and there possibly exists a vicious cycle in moral investment behavior. However, the return from moral investment might not be restricted to economic aspects. Trust within a society may affects the happiness of individual directly without passing through economic channel. Trust within community may enrich the life, improve the sense of security, relieve anxiety, or remedy the sense of loneliness.


The present invention relates to a safe brake device, in particular, a safe brake device for bicycle, which can brake the back wheel first, then brake the front wheel. Said brake device has a back brake control seat, in which there is a back brake wire and in the back brake control seat, there is a front brake control seat, in which there is a front brake wire. Whether the back brake wire or the front brake wire is pulled, the back wheel always is braked first, then the front wheel is braked. When releasing, the front brake is always released first, then the back brake is released.


Restoring contour is a prominent problem of embroidery information recognizing.This paper discusses several relative algorithms and presents their applicability and limitation.Combined the characteristics of stitch with existing relative algorithms,a new contour restoring algorithm is provided.Furthermore,it discusses time complexity of algorithm.A test is given in the end.The algorithm has been applied to an embroidery CAD system which has gotten reputation among end users.


Taking the three elements Resource-Humanity-Benefit (abbreviated as RHB) to be the systematic strategic thinking for the development of ecotourism poverty alleviation, this article analyzed the current situation of ecotourism poverty alleviation in Luhuo County, pointed out the existing problems, and pertinently proposed targeted solutions.


Despite the established superiority in finding the global as well as well-spread Pareto optimal (PO) points, the need of more numbers of function evaluations for population based evolutionary optimization techniques leads to a computationally demanding proposal. The case becomes more miserable if the function evaluations are carried out using a first principle based computationally expensive model, making the proposal not fit for online usage of the application. In this work, a Kriging based surrogate model has been proposed to replace a computationally expensive model to save execution time while performing an optimization task. A multi-objective optimization study has been carried out for the bulk vinyl acetate polymerization with long-chain branching using these surrogate as well as expensive models and Kriging PO solutions similar to those found by the first principle models are obtained with a close to 85% savings in function evaluations.


A low voltage CMOS op amp is presented. The circuit uses complementary input pairs to achieve a rail-to-rail common mode input voltage range. Special attention has been given to the reduction of the op amp's systematic offset voltage. Gain boost amplifiers are connected in a special way to provide not only an increase of the low-frequency open-loop gain but also a significant reduction of the systematic offset voltage.


The author discusses mediator selection for enzyme electrodes. Selection criteria, electrode performance and electrochemical aspects are examined. Ferrocene based mediators are discussed as an example of mediator use.


We investigate the prospects for reconstructing the mass, spin-independent and spin-dependent cross sections of dark matter particles with a combination of future direct detection experiments such as XENON1T, and the IceCube neutrino telescope in the 86-string configuration including the DeepCore array. We quantify the degree of complementarity between the two experiments by adopting realistic values for their exposure, energy threshold and resolution. Starting from benchmark models arising from a supersymmetric model with 25 free parameters, we show that despite the stringent constraints set by the run with 79 strings, IceCube can help break the degeneracies in the dark matter cross section parameter space, even in the unfortunate case where it fails to discover high energy neutrinos from the Sun. We also discuss how the reconstruction of the dark matter particle parameters from the combined data sets is affected by the uncertainties associated with the nuclear structure of the target material in case of spin-dependent scattering and those associated with astrophysical quantities such as the dark matter density and velocity distribution.


The life's work of Professor Gene Namkoong helped to lay the theoretical and quantitative foundations for modern forest genetics and tree breeding. It also emphasized the practical and ethical issues of the conservation of forest gene resources. As we enter a new millennium the challenges facing forest geneticists and tree breeders include recognition of changing demands on forests for a range of forest products of different quantities and qualities; development and wise application of the new molecular technologies for genetic manipulation and practical breeding; presentation of the values of genetics to policy-makers and to the concerned public; capture of resources for research and development as forestry moves from the public sector to private institutions; and preparation for a future that is uncertain politically, economically, socially, and environmentally.


Japan's modern history, with what appears—to a reviewer who knows very little about Japan—to be exemplary care and creativity, and with due respect for continuity. The approach she chose, like all approaches to social and historical study, comes with limitations. Reiko Kage has made the approach her own, using it to very good effect in a study that will no doubt advance fruitful cross-national studies in the field. Civic Engagement in Postwar Japan has provocative implications for practice. If Kage is right, legacies of cultural belief and social practice established in the past have more influence on the response to postwar situations than the "shock and awe" that a population may have experienced. She finds little support for the ideas that the recovery of a society, and a rise in civic engagement, requires either democratization or prosperity. Instead, her book supports the view that an effort to reshape a society immediately after even the most devastating experience of wartime destruction, death, and defeat must be very carefully calibrated and will certainly encounter persistent resistance.


Two experiments are reported on the effect of negation on reasoning with conditional rules. In Expt. I significantly more affirmative than negative statements were denied by a valid inference (modus tollens), and significantly more negative than affirmative statements were affirmed by a fallacious inference (affirmation of the consequent). Subjects made their inferences by choosing from a list of possible conclusions, so that, for example, an affirmative statement, p, could be denied by selecting the negative conclusion, not p. It was hypothesized that the greater difficulty experienced by subjects in the denial of not p by a choice of p might be due to the additional intermediate step of double negation. i.e. not not p, which is involved. The results of Expt. II suggested, however, that the difficulty lies in subjects' inability to infer that a negative statement is false, rather than in the process of transforming a double negative into an affirmative.


The sluggish kinetics and demand of high anodic potential are the bottlenecks for OER that severely hamper the deployment of water splitting modules for H 2 production. Although transition metal oxides based electrocatalysts have been envisioned as potential contender in this quest, but their low conductivity, instability and limited number of active sites are among the common impediments that need to be addressed to enhance their inherent catalytic potential for enhanced OER activity. Herein, we report the controlled assembly of transition metal oxides i.e., Cu@CuO x nanoclusters (NCs, ≈ 2nm) and Co@CoO x beaded nanoclusters (BNCs, ≈2nm) on thiol-functionalized graphene oxide nanosheets as novel and highly efficient electrocatalysts for OER. Thiol functionality was incorporated via selective epoxidation reaction on the surface of graphene oxide to achieve chemically exfoliated nanosheets to enhance its conductivity and trapping ability for metal oxides NCs. During electrocatalytic reaction, an overpotential of 290 mV and 310 mV is required to achieve a current density of 10 mA/cm 2  for BNCs and NCs respectively, while exhibiting long-term stability (≈50 h) in alkaline medium (1 M KOH) with no dissolution. Moreover, the smaller Tafel slopes (54 mV/dec for BNCs and 66 mV/dec for NCs), and a Faradic efficiency of ≈96 % indicate not only the selectivity but also the tailored heterogeneous electrons transfer rate that is essentially required for fast electrode kinetics.


To extract the nonlinear characteristic of compressor surge,a new monitoring method based on manifold learning is proposed.High dimension space of raw pressure signals is constructed by multivariate statistical analysis,then the local target space alignment(LTSA) algorithm is employed for extracting one dimension principal manifold,to reflect the non-linear dynamic characteristics of compressor system.Experimental results and industrial measurements show that this approach,compared with the correlation integral method,forecasts surge about 1s in advance with lower false prediction rate.


For weakly charged diblock copolymers under melt conditions, a theory for weak concentration fluctuations is constructed in order to determine the limit of stability of the mixed phase. A scaling analysis of the ordered phase is presented and it is found that the osmotic pressure of the coundterion gas tends fto disorder the strongly segregated system. The behavior of the diblocks in a solvent that is poor for the neutral block but which dissolves the charged block is als considered; a mean-field study of the formation of micelles and their properties is carried out


By means of the potentiometric methods based on simultaneous measurements of [Cu2+] and [I-I30 +], respectively, the stability constants Pn and individual partition coefficients P; of Cu(II) complexes of 2-hydroxymethylbenzimidazole, 2-methyl-4azabenzimidazole and 7-methyl-4-azabenzimidazole have been determined. The stability differences of the complexes may be explained by the possible formation of five-membered chelate rings with 2-hydroxymethylbenzimidazole while the.Cu(II) compounds with methyl derivatives of 4-azabenzimidazole are four-membered. The knowledge of the partition coefficients of particular complexes enables to determine magnitudes characterizing the extraction systems such as extraction coefficient D and percentage of extraction E %. All measurements were run at 25 ±O.loC at a ionic strength I = 0.1 (NaCI04, KN03) .


Health inequity means that some populations bear a disproportionate burden of disease and mortality (National Association of County and Public Health Officials, 2010; World Health Organization [WHO], 2008). Health inequity is associated with higher rates of behavioral risk in populations experiencing other economic, environmental, and cultural inequity both within and between countries. Leading risk factors of preventable death include tobacco and alcohol (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2004; CDC, 2011; WHO, 2011a; WHO, 2011b). This review focuses on two publications to help provide the clinician with insight related to health inequities associated with these risk factors. In addition the review provides information on the interventions proposed in the report aimed at reducing harm related to tobacco and alcohol use. The documents are part of the World Health Organization report, Equity, Social Determinants and Public Health Programs (2010) and provide a global perspective on the issues of health equity. In 2010, the World Health Organization (WHO) published a report that takes an upstream approach to preventable risk factors that contribute to inequity in health that provided a follow-up to the CSDH 2008 report (Blas & Kurup, 2010). The report builds on the assumption that improving the health of populations in a sustainable manner requires an understanding of the causes of health inequities and that prevention is a "far better option" than costly interventions that treat the adverse consequences associated with preventable risk factors. In the introduction to the report Dr. Chan, the Director General of the WHO, stated that prevention requires action in multiple sectors that includes global initiatives such trade agreements, food production and marketing policies, and their enforcement. From a clinical programmatic perspective, Dr. Chan stated that it is not necessary to directly invest in these other sectors, but prevention programs need to understand these sectors in order to achieve success. In Dr. Chan's words this requires that programs take on a ". . . whole-of-government approach" to health that can result in shared benefits. The WHO report covers 12 areas related to health equity including tobacco and alcohol. For clinicians interested in health equity and social justice, the entire WHO report in conjunction with the 2008 CSDH report is an excellent resource and a must read. This column focuses on the two sections related to tobacco and alcohol.


The socialist core values play an important value guiding role in building a harmonious socialist society:In the economic dimension,the socialist core values pursue putting people first and guide economic harmony;In the political dimension,the socialist core values pursue democratic government by law and guide political harmony;In the cultural dimension,the socialist core values pursue harmonious symbiosis and guide cultural harmony;In the social dimension:the socialist core values pursue justice and guide social harmony.


The invention relates to a substrate (10) front face of plasma, particularly transparent glass substrate having on one major surface an electrode coating (100) transparent adapted to undergo a heat treatment at a temperature of at least 500 degrees C to allow the overlying depositing a thick dielectric layer (400) requiring such a heat treatment, characterized in that the electrode coating (100) consists of a stack of thin layers comprising at least one metallic functional layer (40), in particular based on silver, and at least two coatings (20, 60), said coatings each comprising at least one thin dielectric layer, said functional layer (40) being disposed between the two coatings (20, 60) .


Preface Part I. Introduction: 1.1 The Sun E. R. Priest 1.2 Earth's magnetosphere J. Birn Part II. Basic Theory of MHD Reconnection: 2.1 Classical theory of two-dimensional reconnection T. G. Forbes 2.2 Fundamental concepts G. Hornig 2.3 Three-dimensional reconnection in the absence of magnetic null points G. Hornig 2.4 Three-dimensional reconnection at magnetic null points D. Pontin 2.5 Three-dimensional flux tube reconnection M. Linton Part III. Basic Theory of Collisionless Reconnection: 3.1 Fundamentals of collisionless reconnection J. Drake 3.2 Diffusion region physics M. Hesse 3.3 Onset of magnetic reconnection P. Pritchett 3.4 Hall-MHD reconnection A. Bhattacharjee and J. Dorelli 3.5 Role of current-aligned instabilities J. Buchner and W. Daughton 3.6 Nonthermal particle acceleration M. Hoshino Part IV. Reconnection in the Magnetosphere: 4.1 Reconnection at the magnetopause: concepts and models J. G. Dorelli and A. Bhattacharjee 4.2 Observations of magnetopause reconnection K.-H. Trattner 4.3 On the stability of the magnetotail K. Schindler 4.4 Simulations of reconnection in the magnetotail J. Birn 4.5 Observations of tail reconnection W. Baumjohann and R. Nakamura 4.6 Remote sensing of reconnection M. Freeman Part V. Reconnection in the Sun's Atmosphere: 5.1 Coronal heating E. R. Priest 5.2 Separator reconnection D. Longcope 5.3 Pinching of coronal fields V. Titov 5.4 Numerical experiments on coronal heating K. Galsgaard 5.5 Solar flares K. Kusano 5.6 Particle acceleration in flares: theory T. Neukirch 5.7 Fast particles in flares: observations L. Fletcher 6. Open problems J. Birn and E. R. Priest Bibliography Index.


Unusual intermolecular trapping of esters by carbenes generated via a Huisgen cyclization/retroelectrocyclization/dediazotization cascade reaction is presented. β-Oxo-N-vinylimidates could be obtained in one step from propargyl carbonazidates. Mechanistic control experiments suggested reversible dipole formation by ester addition to the carbene, and nitrogen attack to the ester carbonyl was irreversibly followed by stereoselective decarboxylative elimination to give the Z-vinyl imidate. The cross-conjugated enone, imidate, and enamine functional groups in the β-oxo-N-vinylimidates offer novel syntheses of functionalized oxazoles.


This paper is based on the results of MA thesis done by the author at Sultan Qaboos Abstract This study evaluates the effectiveness of three Continuous Professional Development (CPD) courses for English language teachers in Oman. It also tries to find out the challenges that teachers face when implementing what they learned from the courses in their classrooms. Using the quantitative and qualitative data, the results indicate that the rigid top-down transmissive training system has a negative impact on the effectiveness of the courses. Moreover, the study finds that crowded classes, workload and time constraints as the major challenges that teachers face in their classes which hinder them from implementing the new knowledge and skills. The findings provide some implications for policy and practice, which are not solely applicable to Oman, but also to the Arab and Asian educational systems as many of them share similar features, especially the Gulf Cooperating Council Countries (GCCCs).


In this paper,the gray preference analysis of service brand extension is proposed based on AK model,trying to find the most favorable factors or quasi-favorable factors by dynamic analysis.The experimental evidences show that the process quality is more important than outcome quality,complementary is the most important factors,and the total service quality is a salient clue in china market context.


In this study, we investigated the effects of two-step freezing-heat treatments on the technological properties of Japanese Raisintree (Hovenia dulcis Thunb.) wood. Three treatments were performed and compared to an untreated control: freezing (WF), freezing followed by heat (WFT), and heat treatment (WT). The freezing treatment and the heat treatment were performed at -22°C for 24 h and 180°C for 3.5 h, respectively. Chemical composition was evaluated by TAPPI standards and ATR-IR; physical changes were investigated with dimensional stability and water uptake tests, while mechanical properties were evaluated by impact strength. Color and roughness tests were also performed. The main results showed no significant changes to the chemical structure of the wood. Dimensional stability and water repellence increased up to 14% after the thermal treatments. On the other hand, maximum impact strength decreased significantly, especially in the WT treatment (∼50%). Lightness (L*) was the colorimetric parameter most affected by the thermal treatments, mainly in the treatments with a heating step. Surface roughness remained stable after thermal treatments.


In this paper, a novel three-dimensional (3-D) indoor positioning scheme is proposed for millimeter-wave (mmWave) massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. Its operation is based upon a hybrid received signal strength and angle of arrival (RSS-AoA) positioning scheme, which employs only a single access point equipped with a large-scale uniform cylindrical array. To reduce the high computational complexity imposed by the large number of antennas used in mmWave massive MIMO (M3-MIMO) systems, we firstly propose a novel channel compression method. By proper quantization and selection of the received mmWave signals, which exhibit quasioptical and sparse multipath characteristics, the channel compression method reduces the dimension of the received signal space while maintaining the accuracy of the position estimation. Then, we propose a beamspace transformation approach to transform signal vectors in the element space to the beamspace, and thus the computational complexity of the angle estimation is significantly reduced. Finally, a novel hybrid RSS-AoA positioning scheme is designed for the computations of the 3-D coordinates of the target mobile terminal. Simulation results have shown that the proposed indoor positioning scheme is capable of achieving high accuracy as well as significantly lower computational complexity as compared to other previously known indoor positioning techniques.


The percentages of opiate addicts (N = 83), alcoholics (N = 23), and normals (N = 23) who knew 278 slang words that refer to heroin, Benzedrine (stimulants), alcohol, "goofballs" (barbiturates), and "reefers" (marijuana) were correlated with the corresponding number of definitions for these words in 13 slang dictionaries. The correlations between the percentages of knowledge of words and the corresponding frequency of definitions for all classes of words combined were 0.38 for opiate addicts, 0.27 for normals, and 0.18 for alcoholics. The correlation was lower for alcoholics because they knew definitions of alcohol, whereas the dictionary constructors frequently excluded these. Knowledge of slang in specialized groups was much more predictive from the knowledge in normals than from the frequency of dictionary definitions. This difference suggests that the utility of slang dictionaries may be advanced by showing the relative knowledge of the words in some target population such as normal subjects.


It is well known that ever since prehistoric times human beings have exhibited the need to make images. It appears that cultures that have left behind no pictorial representations engraved on stone are exceptional. Decorations and everyday objects from several thousand years ago reveal a keen sense of harmony of form and an awareness of aesthetic qualities. Artistic expression develops in a manner similar to other psychological manifestations of human beings. Finding methods for analyzing the relationship of individuals to art is not simple. How can deep and personal aesthetic emotions be studied in a scientific (i.e. objective and rational) manner? Presentday scientific instruments seem rather incompatible with the spontaneity and intuition inherent in art matters, somewhat as bulldozers would be for analyzing a field of daisies. There has been a great deal of research in this field, nevertheless. The discussion that follows outlines typical work that has been done. This is intended to reveal both the advances made and the areas that have resisted clarification. It should be recognized that psychologists have not been able to gain access to the heart of the matter, even of aesthetic contemplation. They can use only intuition, not knowledge, to interpret the emotion a person feels when viewing a work of art. Perhaps in the future psychophysiologists will be able to locate in the brain a region of grey matter that accommodates this particular activity. It is known that the region called the rhinencephalon, which at one time had been thought to be concerned entirely with the sense of smell, is also considered to be the center of emotivity. It is not inconceivable that some day a nucleus of 'artistic' cells will be discovered, even if now there is little justification for believing in their existence. * Abridged version of the article in Psychologie (Paris), p. 31 (No. 20, Sept. 1971). Published with permission. Copyright ? 1971 by Centre d'Etude et de Promotion de la Lecture, Paris, France. (Received 1 Oct. 1971.) (Original in French.) ** Psychologist living at 94 rue du Temple, 75003-Paris, France. n. ON THE MEASUREMENT OF EMOTIONS


TDBC J-aggregates reveal a very small fluorescence quantum yield of $\sim 0.5$% in layered polymeric films due to effective exciton self-trapping. We showed that by using an effect of fluorescence plasmon-enhancement, it is possible to increase the TDBC J-aggregate fluorescence more than two times due to their interaction with gold nanoparticles at a certain distance.


Four male steriles, 20 inbreds, and 80 F1 hybrids of pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum L. Leeke) were evaluated under five environments. Highly significant genotype X environment interactions were recorded, though the linear portion was significantly higher than the nonlinear portion in parents and their hybrids, the hybrids being more stable than parents.


This is a well-written work of U.S. environmental history and policy, surveying the open range of the American West in the 18th century, the environmental preservation movement of the 19th century, and the impetus toward suburban sprawl in the early 20th century. Simpson, an associate professor in the Knowlton School of Architecture and Natural Resources at Ohio State University, focuses on the area from Appalachian Range to the Rocky Mountains, particularly Ohio. There is some excellent material in this book. Early chapters study the Land Ordinance of 1785, the young nation's debates over proparty and national ideals, the doctrine of Manifest Destiny and its impact on the cattle kingdom of the open range, and Major John Wesley Powell's intellectual efforts to promote the wise settlement of the West. The best section of the book is one I would use in any class on environmental history. It begins with a brief treatment of the pseudo-wilderness of the Transcendentalists, and turns on the work of George Perkins Marsh, John Muir, and Gifford Pinchot in the great debate over national wilderness policy, focusing on Yellowstone National Park. The treatment of these major players-their intellectual development and impact-is fascinating, evenhanded, and very satisfying. The next section covers Aldo Leopold, the National Environmental Policy Act, the Council on Environmental Quality, and strip mining. The last major section treats suburbs and transit, Catherine Beecher, Andrew Jaclkion Downing, Frederick Law Olmsted, and early Federal Poli'cy in the National Conference on Home Building, the Home Owners Loan Corporation, and the Federal Housing Administration. The book is a collection of essays, some quite short. The scholarship is good, but not overbearing. The notes are mercifully few, and collected at the back with a brief paragraph of the major references on which each chapter draws. I take issue with the obtuse chapter titles, such as "The Emotional Landscape" for the chapter on strip mining, which are completely useless as a guide to the contents. With 19 chapter titles like "Actions and Outcomes" and "Looking Ahead, Looking Back" outdone by 323


This work deals with the most common species of Thelastomatidae, the only nematode family parasitic in European arthropods. It begins with a simplified taxonomic review of the group. Bibliographical references, distribution data, measurements, illustrations, statistical analysis when necessary, and a brief commented history of every species are given. Subspecific taxa in this group of nematodes are refuted as explained in the introduction. The paper ends with considerations about Thelastomatidae larval habits, their natural classification into 8 subfamilies, and how they are related to the tropical arthropod-nematodes and the different hosts. A first tentative of the zoogeography of the group, is made.


Clinical placements in the Emergency Department (ED) can offer nursing students a unique learning experience to develop their knowledge and skills in managing the critical care patient. However, the complexity of this clinical placement can be daunting leading to increased stress and anxiety. This can have implications for student learning and clinical performance creating feelings of unpreparedness for the challenges of emergency nursing. Analysis of students' concerns was obtained through an explanatory sequential mixed methods study identifying key areas. Following this, an online learning resource "Are you PreparED" was developed. This educational resource is a repository of useful information relevant to the role of the nursing student in the ED and is focused on the key areas of concern identified by the students. Evaluation of the online learning resource was structured using the first two stages of Kirkpatrick's model. Following completion of an online survey, students provided feedback on several aspects including: design, usability, relevance and accuracy of information. In addition, comments were obtained regarding their perceived learning, knowledge acquisition and intent to apply to the clinical setting. Perceived levels of preparedness following use of the online learning resource was also explored. The goal of this study was to provide a valuable online learning resource for nursing students attending a clinical placement in the ED. Evaluation of the resource was paramount to assess quality and establish that learning had occurred, and educational goals met. Suggestions offered by the students provided a valuable source of information for further improvements to this online resource.


(54) DYNAMIC PRICING SYSTEM 6,094,641 A * 7/2000 Ouimet et al. ................ 70.5/10 6,415,263 B1* 7/2002 Doss ............. ... TOS/26 (75) Inventors: Robert L. Phillips, Palo Alto, CA 6,910,017 B1 * 6/2005 Woo et al. .................... 70.5/10 (US); Michael S. Gordon, San Mateo, 6,963,854 B1 * 1 1/2005 Boyd et al. ................... 705/37 CA (US); Ozgur Ozluk, San Francisco, FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS CA (US); Stefano Alberti, Mountain View, CA (US); Robert A. Flint, JP 2001.33 1691 A * 11, 2001 Redwood City, CA (US); Jorgen K. OTHER PUBLICATIONS Andersson, Sunnyvale, CA (US); Keshava P. Rangarajan, Twickenham Subrahamanyan et al., "Developing optimal pricing and inventory MiddleSex (IN); Tom Grossman, policies for retailers who face uncertain demand". Spring 1996, Rockville, MD (US); Raymond Mark Journal of Retailing, v72, n.1, p7(24).* Cooke, Half Moon Bay, CA (US); Kiser, Elizabeth Kristen, Ph.D., "Demand and pricing in the break s S. Cohen. S s le, CA US fast cereals industry, Nov. 1998, University Od wisconsin-Madi eremy S. Uonen, Sunnyvale, (US) son, Dissertation, p. 1676.* O O Tam et al. "Price elasticity and the growth of computer spending'. (73) Assignee: Manugistics Inc., Rockville, MD (US) May 1999, IEEE Transaction of Engineering management. vol. 46, c Iss. 2, p. 190, 1 pg (abstract).* (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this Sanjog et al., "A cointegration analysis of demand: Implications for patent is extended or adjusted under 35 pricing". 1997, "Pricing Strategy & Practice', v5n4, pp. 156-163.* U.S.C. 154(b) by 1024 days. * cited by examiner


According to the standard rule for anchor equipment, the weight of the anchor is determined based on the equipment number (EN) of the ship. From the view point of mooring safety, the standard rule contains contradictions. Under the rule, a ship with a large EN, such as a VLCC, requires a heavier anchor, despite its relevant safety while moored at anchor, while a ship with a smaller EN number, such as a PCC, requires a lighter anchor, despite the dangers of the vessel while anchored. This paper suggests an improved criteria for the recommended anchor weight to overcome the contradictions in the standard rule. A new index of EN/displacement is introduced, the value of the index is proportional to the risk index of mooring safety.


Europeans, the world's largest "people in spe", must develop a pan-European historical awareness if only to be able to deal better with common political problems, argues Claus Leggewie. Yet a definition of European memory cannot be reduced to the Holocaust and the Gulag alone, no matter how central these are. It must also include the experience of expulsion, Europe's colonial history and the Armenian question, for example, and be able to compare memories without offsetting each against the other.


Under the irradiation of lights of two different wavelengths, the skin image of human hand can be obtained and roughly applied to construct the oxygen saturation image of skin tissue. The penetration (skin) depth of incident light increases with increasing wavelength between 350 to 1000 nm, and the deoxy-hemoglobin (Hb) and oxy-hemoglobin (HbO2) has a relatively high absorptivity in visible and near-infrared (NIR) spectrum, respectively; therefore, the intensity of diffuse reflected images of skin can be used to compute the oxygen saturation images of skin tissue. In the experiment, three LED light sources (red - 660 nm, NIR - 890 and 940 nm) were applied to construct the oxygen saturation images of skin tissue. The experiments show the oxygen saturation ranging from 84.69 to 88.79 % at the wrist and from 78.09 to 81.81 % at the back of hand when the skin tissue is irradiated by 660 and 890 nm LED light. The results not only could provide the distribution of oxygen saturation but also similar to the multi-spectral imaging method. In the future, the above result can be compared to that of transcutaneous oxygen pressure measurement (TcPO2), and provide a good reference to build the relationship between the oxygen saturation and healthy index for cardiovascular system in clinical diagnosis.


Component-based robot development has been a vibrant research topic in robotics due to its reusability and interoperability benefits. However, robot application developers using robot components must invest non-trivial amount of time and effort applying fault tolerance techniques into their robot applications. Despite the need for a common, framework-level fault management, the majority of existing robot software frameworks has failed to provide systematic fault management features. In this paper, we propose a fault management method to detect, diagnose, isolate and recover faults based on the OPRoS software framework. The proposed method provides a collective, framework-level management for commonly encountered robot software faults, thereby reducing the application developers' efforts while enhancing the robot system reliability. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach, we have implemented a prototype reconnaissance robot using OPRoS components and injected different types of faults. The results of the experiments have shown that our approach effectively detects, diagnoses, and recovers component faults using the software framework.


LTE is a promising generation of mobile communication, characterized by high data rate, lower latency in control and user plane. In the study simulation model was developed for LTE system throughput estimation for different scheduling algorithms. Conclusion of the algorithms advantages and weaknesses were made.


Abstract : This report reviews the literature as it relates to the use of platform motion systems in flight simulators for flying training. Motion is discussed in terms of its effect on compensatory, pursuit, and precognitive tasks, within both the simulator and transfer contexts. Although both skilled and unskilled behaviors are addressed, the former is emphasized. The report concludes that, for most tasks, platform motion is not required to produce rapid, efficient, economical training and that other, less expensive means of imparting motion information are equally viable alternatives. The report recommends the following: (1) Whenever feasible and affordable, simulator systems should be equipped with the largest field-of-view visual system that is consistent with mission requirements, and (2) Simulators that do not include a platform motion system can be safely procured for most aircraft without compromising training effectiveness. (Author)


Automatic identification of abnormal cervical cells, including feature representation, feature combination and classification strategy, is highly demanded in women's annual cervical cancer screenings. However, previous methods only deal with one or two of these three phases, and currently there is few complete framework for this problem. A novel three-phrase boosting framework is proposed for the detection of abnormal cells from cervical smear images. First, the authors extract 160 dimensional features with respect to each cervical cell from three aspects, including cytology morphology, chromatin pathology and region intensity. In particular, 106 dimensional chromatin pathology features are newly adopted to describe the nucleus textural transformation. Second, an adaptive feature combination method is introduced to select the optimal feature patterns, which can combine all features using a reinforced margin-based approach with the heuristic knowledge. Finally, a two-stage classification strategy is presented to reduce erroneous classification abnormal cells using two different classifiers. Experimental results achieve state-of-the-art performance and the proposed framework outperforms the other 16 compared detection methods.


We report on a new modeling tool for the prediction of the cumulative dose delivered to any given layer of a semiconductor process involving x-ray lithography (XRL) steps. In such a process, the layers receive various doses at different steps in the manufacturing. In order to determine the total dose delivered at any given level it is necessary not only to compute the dose for the lithographic step of that particular level, but also to keep track of the past history of the process in order to accumulate the total radiation. For this, one must know the full process, including sacrificial layers, resist layers and layout geometries, since different areas of the surface being patterned will receive different doses because of shielding by other layers. We apply the model to the case of a standard 0.5 micrometers NMOS device process and to an advanced 0.1 micrometers NMOS process. Results will be presented and discussed in detail, for the various assumptions of the lithographic process. The program, written in C under UNIX, is compatible with standard process modeling tools and device layouts.


The concept of noncollapsibility of the odds ratio has intrigued the epidemiology community for decades. Despite often being overlooked or negatively perceived, which can lead researchers to prefer collapsible measures, this study highlights the beneficial aspects of noncollapsibility of the odds ratio.

 This study links recent diagnostic test research with effect measures. Noncollapsibility is a useful characteristic, and its understanding can have important implications in medical research.

 We demonstrate that a change in effect could be due to confounding, noncollapsibility, or a combination of both and that noncollapsibility can be a powerful tool for data analysis and interpretation when properly understood. This study aims to help researchers demystify this complex issue and offers updated recommendations.


The article presents a dynamic model of interaction of rollers on the example of printing cylinders of an offset machine. Based on the solution of the contact problem, the interaction forces of the cylinders are determined, direct modeling of dynamic loads and vibrations is carried out, the amplitudes of vibrations and pressure changes are determined. Options for reducing loads are considered. The disadvantages of existing models of printing machines are analyzed and taken into account.


As neural networks are increasingly included as core components of safety-critical systems, developing effective testing techniques specialized for them becomes crucial. The bulk of the research has focused on testing neural-network models (for instance, their robustness and reliability as classifiers). But neural-network models are defined by writing programs (usually written in a programming language like Python), and there is growing evidence that these neural-network programs often have bugs. Thus, being able to effectively test neural-network programs is instrumental to their dependability. This paper presents aNNoTest: an approach to generating test inputs for neural-network programs. A fundamental challenge is that the dynamically-typed languages (e.g., Python) used to program neural networks cannot express detailed constraints about valid function inputs (e.g., vectors and matrices with certain dimensions). Without knowing these constraints, automated test-case generation is prone to producing many invalid inputs, which trigger spurious failures and are useless for identifying real bugs. To address this problem, we introduce a simple annotation language tailored for expressing valid function inputs in neural-network programs. aNNoTest inputs an annotated program, and uses property-based testing to generate random inputs that satisfy the validity constraints. In the paper, we also outline guidelines that help reduce the effort needed to write aNNoTest annotations. We evaluated aNNoTest on 19 neural-network programs from Islam et al.'s survey [13], which we manually annotated following our guidelines—producing 6 annotations per tested function on average. aNNoTest automatically generated test inputs that revealed 94 bugs, including 63 bugs that the survey reported for these projects. These results suggest that aNNoTest can be a cost-effective approach to finding widespread bugs in neural-network programs.


In this paper, a new piezo-actuated XY parallel compliant mechanism for large workspace nano-positioning with decoupled motions is developed by incorporating a novel Z-shaped flexure hinge (ZFH)-based mechanism into the mirror-symmetrically distributed structure. The bridge-type mechanism and two-stage leverage mechanisms serve as preliminary displacement amplifiers, while further amplification with motion transfer and decoupled output motions are achieved by means of the ZFH mechanism. Based on finite element theory, a high-precision analytical model of the XY compliant mechanism is established by considering all the connecting linkages as flexible components. Through the improved differential evolution algorithm, the optimized compliant mechanism is capable of performing millimeter-scale workspace nano-positioning with decoupled motions. In addition, the input displacement unbalance, resulting from the lateral force which has potential to damage the piezoelectric actuators, is markedly lowered to a negligible value. The performance of the fabricated compliant mechanism with optimized parameters is investigated to well agree with both the analytical model and ANSYS simulation. In addition, based on the inverse kinematics derived from the model and experimental results, different elliptical vibration trajectories are accurately acquired.


The aim of this paper is to introduce a smart tool for the assessment of the mobility of patient with motor disorders and to evaluate its performance through some initial experiments. These experim...


The article deals with the forecasting and planning of the regional socio-economic system. As an effective management mechanism the author proposes to introduce the indicative planning, the main point of which is the directed activity of regional authorities, municipalities and businesses, focused on development and realization of long-term goals and priorities of the socio-economic development of a region. The application of such a management approach considers the principle of internal territorial and industrial balance in the region.


This paper is presented as a brief review of some of the viruses pathogenic for domestic animals, which are also transmissible to man. Only those diseases will be referred to which are of greater concern to the owner of livestock and poultry in Canada, such as the pox group, rabies, Newcastle disease, equine encephalitides and foot and mouth disease. The laboratory diagnosis of these diseases will be briefly discussed.


An overview of the developments arising from equality, diversity and inclusion events at this year's National Astronomy Meeting, by Vinesh Maguire-Rajpaul on behalf of the organizers.


Equivalent Radius (EQR) is a relatively new normalized capillary pressure method for modeling of the saturation height function. In this method petrophysical data such as well logs, special and routine core analysis have been used in an integrated manner. The main purpose of this study is to investigate dynamic behavior of the fluid flow through porous media with a new integrated technique for saturation height function modeling. Amongst different methods, EQR method that originally developed by Engstrom in 1996 has been selected for further study. Although this method can model the initial water saturation with high accuracy but it only can be applicable for low permeability formations. However, there is still an incomplete understanding its application for other rock units with higher degree of porosity and permeability. For this purpose, we present a Modified EQR (MEQR) based on iterative curve fitting procedure. To demonstrate the capabilities of MEQR method, one of the Iranian oil field data located in southwest of Iran with quite high degree of permeability in its porous sandstone layers has been used. It is shown that this technique can accurately predict the initial water saturation in all rock types and in each cell of the reservoir with very good correlation coefficient achieved in comparison with interpreted saturation well logs.


We discuss some of the issues which we encounter when we try to invoke the scalar-tensor theories of gravitation as a theoretical basis of quintessence. One of the advantages of appealing to these theories is that they allow us to implement the scenario of a ``decaying cosmological constant,'' which offers a reasonable understanding of why the observed upper bound of the cosmological constant is smaller than the theoretically natural value by as much as 120 orders of magnitude. In this context, the scalar field can be a candidate of quintessence in a broader sense. We find, however, a serious drawback in the prototype Brans-Dicke model with $\Lambda$ added; a static universe in the physical conformal frame which is chosen to have constant particle masses. We propose a remedy by modifying the matter coupling of the scalar field taking advantage of scale invariance and its breakdown through quantum anomaly. By combining this with a conjecture on another cosmological constant problem coming from the vacuum energy of matter fields, we expect a possible link between quintessence and non-Newtonian gravity featuring violation of Weak Equivalence Principle and intermediate force range, likely within the experimental constraints. A new prediction is also offered on the time-variability of the gravitational constant.


The present invention relates to a cancer treatment composition for inhibiting angiogenesis, and a preparation method therefor. An angiogenesis inhibitor according to the present invention is a cancer treatment composition containing a fusion protein comprising a vascular endothelial growth factor-binding domain of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1) and a b1 domain of neuropilin-1 (NRP1). The novel fusion protein is an angiogenesis inhibitor for blocking the binding of VEGF to a receptor thereof in the cell membrane, and has an effect of inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells and the growth and metastasis of cancer. In addition, the fusion protein can be usable as an anti-cancer agent and exhibits an effective anti-cancer effect at a dose lower than that of a conventional angiogenesis inhibitor.


Three types of rural social organizations were introduced,the factors influencing rural social stability were analyzed,and the functions of rural social organizations in the maintenance of social stability were discussed,so as to provide theoretical basis for police making of constructing a harmonious socialist society.


The invention discloses a method for converting the transport stream program into Chinese mobile multimedia broadcasting program, which comprises the following steps: reading PAT and PMT to acquire and sort the transport package of the corresponding program, then taking out the PES package from the transport package; taking out the PES package from the MPEG transport package when the TS forms onecomplete PES; taking out the PTS or DTS from the PES packet header and transforming into the time-stamp in the frames; taking out the ES package from the PES and according to the requirements of CMMBReuse Protocol filling the video frequency ES package into the video unit or filling the audio frequency ES package into the audio unit to form a reuse frame in the setting time; encapsulating and sending the reuse frame.


Historically, hydraulic fracturing has been applied to low-permeability formations to stimulate production performance. In recent years hydraulic fracturing for formation control as well as enhanced productivity in high-permeability unconsolidated formations has gained broader acceptance.


The Analytic Continuation by Duality (ACD) method is used to estimate dispersive integrals in low-energy QCD phenomenology and in technicolor models. The method uses a polynomial approximation of the 1/x function, usually a bestLp approximation. There are several sources of error in the ACD estimates which, along with the oscillatory behavior of the best-Lp approximations, render them unreliable. The method is unstable, but it is still occasionally used in QCD phenomenology. Here we investigate a modification of the ACD method that has recently appeared by using a simple model spectrum. The modified ACD uses an approximation weighted towards the end of the interval, where the subasymptotic QCD is expected to be more reliable. For the case when only the first few terms of the Operator Product Expansion (OPE) are known, the modified method fails to reproduce the results expected for the simple model.


The paper analysed the features of information requirement in the medium-sized and small enterprises in our country and gave some measures and countermeasures to the good service by the library.


Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with cognitive impairment and may progress to dementia. However, the brain functional mechanism of T2DM‐related dementia is still less understood. Recent resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging functional connectivity (FC) studies have proved its potential value in the study of T2DM with cognitive impairment (T2DM‐CI). However, they mainly used a mass‐univariate statistical analysis that was not suitable to reveal the altered FC "pattern" in T2DM‐CI, due to lower sensitivity. In this study, we proposed to use high‐order FC to reveal the abnormal connectomics pattern in T2DM‐CI with a multivariate, machine learning‐based strategy. We also investigated whether such patterns were different between T2DM‐CI and T2DM without cognitive impairment (T2DM‐noCI) to better understand T2DM‐induced cognitive impairment, on 23 T2DM‐CI and 27 T2DM‐noCI patients, as well as 50 healthy controls (HCs). We first built the large‐scale high‐order brain networks based on temporal synchronization of the dynamic FC time series among multiple brain region pairs and then used this information to classify the T2DM‐CI (as well as T2DM‐noCI) from the matched HC based on support vector machine. Our model achieved an accuracy of 79.17% in T2DM‐CI versus HC differentiation, but only 59.62% in T2DM‐noCI versus HC classification. We found abnormal high‐order FC patterns in T2DM‐CI compared to HC, which was different from that in T2DM‐noCI. Our study indicates that there could be widespread connectivity alterations underlying the T2DM‐induced cognitive impairment. The results help to better understand the changes in the central neural system due to T2DM.


BACKGROUND
Computer-delivered programs to reduce college drinking have strong appeal but are sometimes less efficacious than their in-person counterparts. Boosters may be an ideal way to strengthen and extend the effects of computerized interventions while maintaining low cost and easy dissemination. However, little is known about how they work. Consequently, the current study aimed to explore descriptive perceived drinking norms and use of protective behavioral strategies (PBS) as potential mediators of booster effects. We also examined norms and PBS as mediators of the main intervention. The present study was a follow-up analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial (Braitman & Lau-Barraco, 2018) testing the efficacy of emailed boosters containing personalized feedback after a computerized alcohol intervention.

METHODS
Participants were 537 (67.4% women) emerging adult college drinkers (M age = 19.65, SD = 1.67). They were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: general health education, alcohol intervention only, or alcohol intervention plus booster email. Participants completed assessments at baseline and follow-ups through 9 months.

RESULTS
Descriptive norms was a mediator of booster efficacy where receiving the booster yielded stronger reductions in alcohol use through reduced concurrent norms; however, fully longitudinal models did not reach significance. There was also an indirect effect for the intervention where those who received the intervention experienced an increase in drinking through increased concurrent norms. However, a stronger direct effect was found where those who received the intervention experienced a stronger decrease in drinking after controlling for norms. There was not support for PBS as a mediator of booster or intervention efficacy.

CONCLUSION
The present study was the first, to our knowledge, to demonstrate a potential mechanism of change in booster interventions. A simple, succinct reminder via email lead to reductions in perceptions of how much peers drink and this led to reductions in alcohol consumption. Our findings support the promise of utilizing brief and easily implemented targeted messaging to enhance the potency of computerized interventions for college drinkers.


This paper develops a North-South trade model with heterogeneous labour and horizontally differentiated products and compares the implications of two policies: Southern intellectual property rights (IPRs) and Northern immigration policy that aims to attract Southern talent as means of preempting imitation. Individuals self-select into becoming entrepreneurs and innovate (imitate) in the North (South). The likelihood of imitation depends on product quality, imitator's ability, and strength of IPRs. Several interrelated channels of competition are identified. Allowing high-ability migration when IPRs protection in the South is weak shifts imitation to low-quality and innovation to high-quality products. The outcome is in stark contrast to the policy of strengthening IPRs, which limits low-quality imitation and encourages low-quality innovation. High-ability migration also increases the income of lowability entrepreneurs, as well as the average quality of products in the high-ability imitation sector in the South.


This paper introduces the design of a broadband inverted conical circularly polarized quadrifilar helix antenna (QHA). The antenna has many good characteristics, including wide beam and broad bandwidth, which are achieved by utilizing inverted conical geometry and adjusting the dimensions of the inverted conical support. The antenna is fed by a wideband network to provide 90° phase difference between the four arms with constant amplitude. The antenna impedance and axial ratio bandwidth values are more than 39% and 31.5%, respectively. The measured results coincide well with the simulated ones, which verified the effectiveness of the proposed design.


In this paper, sliding mode (SM) observers are proposed to replace expensive sensors used for the measurement of tires forces, vehicle side slip angle and vehicle velocity. These estimations are done for two important purposes: The first is for the estimation of the forces and parameters needed for vehicle control, while the second is for the diagnosis preview based on the safety region for each parameter and state. For that purpose, the model of the vehicle is divided in two parts, in the first, the dynamical equations of the wheels are used to estimate their longitudinal forces and angular velocities. The estimations of the longitudinal forces are realized using a second order SM observer based on a super-twisting algorithm. In the second part, the estimated longitudinal forces are injected in the reduced state space equations representing the vehicle, which are the equations of side slip angle, yaw rate and the velocity of the vehicle. Estimations in this part are based on the principles of the classical SM observer. In this part the observability of the model is studied. The model takes as input the yaw rate and estimates the side slip angle and the velocity. Validation with the simulator VE-DYNA, at each step, pointed out the good performance and the robustness of the proposed observers


Abstract We obtain general results on characterization of distributions from relationships between failure rate functions and conditional moments. Specifically, we study characterizations from linear relationships between the usual failure rate function and the left truncated conditional moment m h (x) = E(h(X) | X > x), extending some characterizations of mixtures given recently. Moreover, we also study characterizations from relationships between the generalized failure rate functions and the doubly truncated conditional moment function m h (x, y) = E(h(X)|x < X < y). Our results extend some particular characterizations based on mean residual life and failure rate. As a consequence, we obtain characterizations based on reversed failure rate and reversed mean residual life (expected inactivity time). Finally, we apply our theoretical results to obtain some new characterizations for usual models.


We investigate the structure of the nucleon resonance N∗(1440) (Roper) within a coupled-channel meson exchange model for pion-nucleon scattering. The coupling to ππN states is realized effectively by the coupling to the σN , π∆ and ρN channels. The interaction within and between these channels is derived from an effective Lagrangian based on a chirally symmetric Lagrangian, which is supplemented by well known terms for the coupling of the ∆ isobar, the ω meson and the 'σ', which is the name given here to the strong correlation of two pions in the scalar-isoscalar channel. In this model the Roper resonance can be described by meson-baryon dynamics alone; no genuine N∗(1440) (3 quark) resonance is needed in order to fit πN phase shifts and inelasticities. PACS:13.75.Gx,14.20.Gk,11.80.Gw,24.10.Eq


OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of community -based comprehensive intervention on improving the way of life for the hypertensive and antihypertensive efficacy.METHODS 243 cases of hypertension were selected for the research.From July 2010 to July 2012,the patients of hypertension were given community-based comprehensive intervention.The hypertension related knowledge knowing rate,the change of way of life and blood pressure were analyzed.RESULTS(l)After intervention,the hypertension related knowledge knowing rate had increased dramatically(P0.05).(2)After intervention,the way of life for the hypertensive had improved. (3)After intervention,the diastolic and systolic blood pressure of patients had decreas significantly(P0.05).CONCLUSION The hypertension is seriously threatening the human health.Community-based comprehensive interventio is improtment for controling hypertension.


This paper addresses the problem of developing consumer patronage in high income markets for the autonomous manufactured exports of third world countries. Specifically, the focus is on overcoming consumer bias in high income markets against products of third world origin. Such bias exists; it has been established and tested in a twenty-year stream of research. This paper extends that research and, more importantly, for the first time sets the problem in a real world, managerial context. The research presents an illustrative, hypothetical case, somewhat simplified but realistic. A new Mexican microwave oven is introduced into the U.S. market and positioned against competing U.S. brands. A multifactored marketing strategy is built from several levels of three strategic factors: price, warranty, and endorsement. The findings are promising and establish the following: (1) the power of the different strategic elements against consumer bias varies significantly, (2) the power of different multifactored strategi...


Berthierine was proven as one of the most important products of glauconite alteration in the Siri oilfield (Danish North Sea). However, there is an ongoing debate regarding the main product of glauconite dissolution: siderite, berthierine, or berthierine as a precursor of siderite and/or magnesium-bearing carbonate. In order to investigate the consequences of glauconite dissolution in view of thermodynamic admissibility and the resulting CO2-sequestering capacity, a hydrogeochemical model, which is based on thermodynamics of chemical equilibrium, was developed. Calculating various modeling scenarios helps to conclude on the pH-EH conditions of glauconite dissolution as well as of berthierine formation and dissolution in generic, aqueous systems under elevated temperature-pressure conditions. Our modeling results highlight that carbonate formation cannot be triggered exclusively by CO2 addition into glauconitic sandstones. The injection of pure CO2 into glauconitic sandstones leads to acidic and anoxic oxidizing conditions under which glauconite remains stable. To intensify glauconite alteration by CO2 injection, glauconitic sandstones have to be in contact with degradable organic matter, or, alternatively, reducing agents have to be co-injected with CO2. Sufficient electron transfer to ferric iron bound in glauconite is the ultimate control for intense glauconite alteration and for subsequent berthierine precipitation. Once formed, berthierine remains stable over a broad pH range and is not transformed to any carbonate under reducing conditions. Thus, CO2 injection into glauconitic sandstones under reducing conditions mainly leads to formation of berthierine instead of ironand magnesium-carbonates. However, hydrogeochemical conditions in the subsurface can affect CO2 sequestration via glauconite dissolution and the resulting carbonate formation, including the pH-EH conditions, the chemical composition of glauconite, and the overall mineralogical composition of glauconitic sandstones. © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).


A number of writers have recently taken fresh looks at the many centuries-old ontological proof of Anselm.1 Three of these writers seem to agree with me that traditional ways of treating this topic have been inadequate and that the proof, whether or not it is a sufficient reason for belief, is not without important bearings for philosophy of religion. These writers are Malcolm, Findlay, and Plantinga. With each of these I find considerable common ground, and they have all indicated to me that they are aware of this. In the present article on the topic, however, I wish to discuss a fourth writer, who differs rather sharply from the other three and particularly from me. Since Hick's views are shared in certain respects by what I take to be a main stream of contemporary thought, particularly in Britain, it seems worth while to accept the challenge he offers.


Group theory is a mathematical topic that is usually reserved for upper-level undergraduate courses. In this thesis, we will explicitly show the connection between group theory and fundamental mathematics taught in grade school, and present activities designed for pre-k through 3, 4 through 9, and 7 through 12 grade levels with culminating activities for college level students. Our annotated activities are explicitly connected to standards from the common core, they aim to provide handson learning environments for students, and demonstrate that topics from higher level courses have deep connections to fundamental mathematics.


This paper's aim is looking around Alla-gook(安羅國) and the awareness of Imnailbonbu(任那日本府) in Records of Baekje Dynasty(百濟本記) quoted on Records of Japan(『日本書紀』). For the sake of this point, I examined issues such as background of the emergence of 'Imnailbonbu' usage, foreign relations of the Baekje recognized mainly in Records of Baekje Dynasty, and the description of the relevant Yamato-government. Especially, at the time of compilation Records of Baekje Dynasty, or the 6th century earlier, I noted that Baekje's interests that in conflict with Alia and 'Imnailbonbu's pro-Silla activities. It is difficult to clearly distinguish resources related to 'Imnailbonbu' at the time of the 'fact' and 'recognition' of the late 7th century. Records of Baekje Dynasty, of course, because there is no well-known nature of the raw data in Records of Baekje Dynasty original. Since it first appeared in 'Imnailbonbu' usage Records of Baekje Dynasty, from all over Alla-gook and Imnailbonbu-related articles, only be able to gauge the perceptions of Baekje and Japan government. Therefore, it is clear the relationship was over there was a close interaction Alla-gook, 'Imnailbonbu', and Baekje. Currently, most authors have strong tendency to view their own forces to separate 'Imnailbonbu' and Yamato government. But this view is overlooked that for 'lmnailbonbu' recognition of Records of Baekje Dynasty and Records of Japan compiled mainly Baekje and Yamato government. It is clear that 'Imnailbonbu' is dispatched from Yamato government. and I can see clearly, at least until 'the first Inma reconstruction conference', enduring diplomatic conflict with Baekje, Yamato government also promoted indirectly to improve diplomatic relations with Silla by means of Allagook and 'Imnailbonbu's pro-Silla activities. Records of Baekje Dynasty say pro-Silla envoy dispatched to AlIa by Wai in specific time(around 540 year) 'Imnailbonbu' In the negative visual. In other words, Record, of Baekje Dynasty pointed out, saying Wai's envoy unfolded pro-Silla actives 'Imnailbonbu' after South Gara' extinction contrary to the diplomatic interests of Baekje, as subject to deportation. Records of Baekje Dynasty, merely in the compilation phase, in view of the traditional friendship between Baekje and Yamato government, described ambiguously 'Imnailbonbu' as to separate and independent existence, with Yamato government developed an adjustment Dual diplomacy.


We have found a peculiar radio source, J06587 - 5558, in the field of one of the hottest known clusters of galaxies, 1E 06572 - 56. It is slightly extended and highly polarized (54 per cent at 8.8 GHz), and has a very steep spectrum, with α ~ -1 at 1.3 GHz, steepening to ~ -1 .5 at 8.8 GHz (S∝vα). No extragalactic sources are known with such high integrated polarization, and sources with spectra as steep as this are rare. In this Letter, we report the unusual properties of the source J06587 - 5558 and speculate on its origin and optical identification.


Arachidonic acid (AA) makes up between 5 and 15% of the fatty acids of membrane phospholipids of all human cells. About 8% of the dry weight of the brain consists of AA. AA alone can supply all the omega-6 essential fatty acids (EFAs) needs of animals deprived of these EFAs. Does it really make sense to believe that such an important constituent of the body is inherently harmful? Yet that is what the Workshop statement boldly asserts without argument, discussion or evidence. An increase in omega-3 intake is advocated, not because such a course might be inherently valuable, but because it 'is necessary to reduce adverse effects of excesses of AA and its eicosanoid products'. And again, a few lines later, 'The adverse effects of too much AA acid and its eicosanoids can be avoided ... '. I find it surprising that such assertions can be made in the absence of evidence. There are no data which can stand up to scrutiny which indicate that AA is harmful. Certain well-known investigators have been asserting for the past ten years and more that AA is harmful, but this is a theoretical assertion with no evidence of actual harm. Fear of AA seems to have been developed on the basis of a number of observations which do not stand up to scrutiny as evidence of harm. First, there may be increased production of AA derived eicosanoids in inflammatory reactions, and symptomatic relief may be achieved by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs which block conversion of AA eicosanoids. Second, thromboxane A2, which is derived from AA is a pro-thrombotic agent and protection against various types of thrombosis can be achieved by aspirin prevention of thromboxane synthesis. Third, if AA is given intravenously to rabbits, they die because of thrombosis. Fourth, if animals are fed high doses of linoleic acid (LA), an AA precursor, there may be increased development of mammary and other cancers. And that is about it. On the basis of such slender evidence, huge edifices of antagonism to AA and LA have been erected. These few bits of evidence are, in papers by Okuyama supported by accounts of the increases in