This article discusses how to teach the fundamental skill of legal analysis to first year law students using the "Unified Field Theory."


Mycorrhizal fungi are widespread in temperate and tropical regions, but generally are thought to be relatively depauperate at high latitudes. The potential impact of global warming on the polar ecosystems has renewed interest in research into tundra soil microbiota. Although logistical impediments limit field access, herbarium accessions are a potential resource for surveying mycorrhizal distribution. We present: (i) a method for examining fungi in roots of herbarium specimens that provides morphological preservation comparable to formalin fixation; and (ii) a multiple quantitation method to assess diverse morphotypes. Arbuscular mycorrhizae, fine endophytes, and septate endophytes were widespread in Asteraceae roots from Axel Heiberg and Ellesmere islands, Arctic Canada, during 2004. Roots from the same species collected from this region since 1982, stored in our herbarium, consistently contained abundant endorhizal fungi. Although 2004 was one of the coolest growing seasons in the survey, mycorrhizal ab...


This paper explores the sociolinguistics practices of members of a minority language in East Luwu South
Sulawesi, the Wotunese Community. The concern of this paper is to construct the way out of saving the
Wotu language from the death language phenomenon. The data collected on the language use and the
determinant factors are taken as basic idea in constructing the way out of saving the Wotu language from
the death language phenomenon. The findings on language choice and language use show clear evidence of
the endangerment of Wotu language. The Wotunese, mostly the young generation tend to use other
languages than wotu language. This means that a real language shift is happening in Wotu district.. Then,
there are some solution that the researcher suggests how to revitalize the Wotu language which is in
endangered phase, those are : (1). The commitment of Wotu language speech community especially the
Family domain. (2). Cultural activities should be supported. (3). The role Education Institution (4). Media
(5). Local government Support (6). Positive Language attitude should be developed. Then the researcher
also suggest some important things as follows: It is very important to do some real actions related to the
efforts to revitalize the Wotu language.The stakeholders such as local government, public figure of
Wotunese and also the linguist should have a good commitment to make the language planning of Wotu
language successful.


Euthanasia has always been a controversial topic for a long time.Doctrinally considered,euthanasia could be divided into voluntary euthanasia and involuntary euthanasia. On the basis of liberalism,the system of ethnics could be divided into deontological theory and utilitarianism. Two kinds of euthanasia legitimation will be researched with the theory of liberalism. Voluntary euthanasia is that patient selects according to his will,which is autonomy of the personal dignity; involuntary euthanasia is that stakeholder selects according his will,coincided with the max of social interests.We can regulate euthanasia through strict legislation,which is a rational choice that we should make in China.


Data mining approach can be used to discover knowledge by analyzing the patterns or correlations among of fields in large databases. Data mining approach was used to find the patterns of the data from Tanzania Ministry of Water. It is used to predict current and future status of water pumps in Tanzania. The data mining method proposed is XGBoost (eXtreme Gradient Boosting). XGBoost implement the concept of Gradient Tree Boosting which designed to be highly fast, accurate, efficient, flexible, and portable. In addition, Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) is also proposed to select the important features of the data to obtain an accurate model. The best accuracy achieved with using 27 input factors selected by RFE and XGBoost as a learning model. The achieved result show 80.38% in accuracy. The information or knowledge which is discovered from data mining approach can be used by the government to improve the inspection planning, maintenance, and identify which factor that can cause damage to the water pumps to ensure the availability of potable water in Tanzania. Using data mining approach is cost-effective, less time consuming and faster than manual inspection.


Objective:To study the clinical significance and causes of fetal renal multicystic disease.Methods:59 cases with fetal renal multiple cyst disease were enrolled this study.For parents chose to terminate pregnancy,the autopsy was performed for the fetus;For parents chose to continue pregnancy,a close follow-up was given to them,and blood from fetal heart was used to analyze fetal chromosome.Results:1.5q cases were renal multiple cyst disease,40 of them were multicystic dysplastic kidney(27 cases chose a termination,one of them was 21 trisomy,two of them complicated with other organ abnormalities;13 cases were performed nephrectomy after birth from 3 months to 18 months).6 cases were diagnosed infant polycystic kidney disease(4 cases chose to terminate pregnancy,2 cases were died during neonatal period and 13 months after birth respectively);10 cases were adult multicystic dysplastic kidney(3 cases chose to terminate pregnancy,two cases died during neonatal period and 7 months after birth respectively).2.3 cases were unilateral renal multiple cyst(2-3 cysts with normal renal parenchyma),one of them chose to terminate pregnancy,one were performed nephrectomy when he was one year old,another was normal renal function without any clinical manifestation.Conclusions:Fetal renal multiple cyst disease was various types,different etiologies and different clinical outcomes.To differentiate the types and causes of fetal cystic disease is important for reasonable prenatal consultaion.


The financial security of trading companies depends on the management of their assets, liquidity and solvency. The authors in this article recommend the formation of an internal control system using the COSO's international approach (The Committee of sponsoring organizations of the Treadway commission (COSO), which will help ensure efficiency a company's activities on the market. When companies are planning their business activity they may not be able to adequately assess the current level of financial security of potential foreign counteragent. This article describes the results of improved internal control of receivables using COSO's international approach. The organization may lack its own financial resources if the turnover period for receivables is high and dynamics increase. In this case, companies usually resort to short-term loans or delay payments to their creditors. Such a situation violates trust relations with suppliers, financial sanctions arise for delaying payments and other negative consequences affecting the company's business activities. Therefore, the solvency of the business entity and its business reputation depends on how quickly the funds invested in receivables turn into real money.


The in-place, or presential, economy has become the prime source of jobs in France's highland areas. Yet little research has investigated this category of activity, which is also undervalued by economic players. Focusing primarily on production, classical economic analysis has minimized both the economic and social role of these sectors, and by extension the part played by women in local economies. In the highland areas of France two-thirds of in-place jobs are held by women. We shall see from France's six mountain ranges that such jobs are vital for sustaining local economies and the living standards of households. Apart from providing a second income, these jobs, which are less under threat than those in which men are predominant, act as a powerful shock-absorber against the fluctuations of the global economy. in-place economy, residential economy, rural development, highlands, gender


Primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) is a systemic auto-immune disease. Important symptoms of pSS include dryness of the eyes, mouth, and vagina, fatigue, and pain. This thesis focuses on the impact of pSS on sexual function, classification of pSS and treatment of pSS. The first part of the thesis shows that women with pSS experience a worse sexual function compared to healthy women. In the vagina of pSS patients, the number of white blood cells is increased, indicating the presence of a chronic inflammatory process. Furthermore, the number of smooth muscle cells around blood vessels in the vagina of patients is decreased, which may disturb the production of fluid in the vagina. The new ACR-EULAR classification criteria were designed to classify patients with pSS for inclusion in clinical studies. This thesis shows that the ACR-EULAR criteria can accurately distinguish patients with and without pSS and remain accurate when salivary gland ultrasonography is added to the criteria. Patients with abnormalities on salivary gland ultrasonography show higher disease activity and worse salivary and tear gland function. The final part of the thesis evaluated the efficacy and safety of new treatments for pSS. A randomised controlled trial showed that treatment with abatacept does not decrease systemic disease activity in pSS patients in general. However, additional analyses should be performed to assess whether abatacept is effective in certain subgroups of pSS patients. A review of literature shows that rituximab is also not effective in all pSS patients, but selected patients may benefit from this treatment.


: The Covid-19 pandemic has brought many changes in people's living order in Indonesia. In this case, the health sector and hospitals as facilities and infrastructure of health facilities organizers have many challenges so as not to become the main victims in the spread of this pandemic. However, one of the less fortunate cases was the death of pregnant women due to the hospital's negligence in handling the first childbirth during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study aims to further examine the extent to which it is regulated in the legal system in Indonesia, the main responsible strategies and institutions, as well as other aspects that can be found in the confusion of the problem. Researchers used the Goal-Free Evaluation Framework as an independent form of the goals to be achieved in the Human Rights Act and looked at the other side to be found during the evaluation of the issue of Human Rights violations. The result is that human rights have been regulated from the acceptance of health services by the public and employment laws of the medical team and hospital strategies listed in the Service Operational Standards but have not been fully implemented. Furthermore, it is the responsibility of the local government in minimizing the occurrence of human rights violations as the institution that is most attached to the community despite the national Human Rights Commission in charge of further reviewing the issue, especially after the findings are found and other factors arising from the case.


The understanding of geographical concepts and the development of skills requires the use of appropriate teaching strategies. Modern school geography incorporates a wealth of techniques and embraces a wide range of strategies which are directly suited to achieve the aims which are central to current geographical education. Techniques which directly involve the learner are perceived to be the most valuable. Of the many participatory strategies suited to the teaching of geography, fieldwork is accepted as the most worthwhile. This study investigates student teachers' perceptions of fieldwork in their college studies and as a teaching strategy. Extensive literature on fieldwork in geographical education was analysed. A survey was conducted to assess the student teachers' fieldwork


Dear Editor Research conducted by Lawton et al. sheds light on the perspectives of internal medicine residents in having serious illness conversations. Primarily, our lived experiences as a medical doctor, scholar of medical education (LG) and internal medicine registrar (PS) corroborates the findings of Lawton et al. However, as we practice in South Africa, we note that our setting has presented unique communication challenges, which we outline below. As our diverse and resource-constrained setting mimics many others internationally, we present this letter to your global readership for consideration. In a heterogeneous and diverse South African setting, language barriers are a significant challenge in serious illness conversations; the clinician and the patient (or their family) may simply not understand each other. This challenge is further exacerbated in our setting, where communication training is not available for internal medicine registrars (referred to as residents in other parts of the world). As such, rolemodelling, observing and adopting the practice of senior colleagues have been central to our informal communication curriculum. Finally, in our setting, it is not merely that we lack the time for serious illness conversations; we often lack the space. Hospitals are over-burdened. There is limited quiet and private space available to conduct these difficult conversations. While the factors outlined above pose a challenge, they also represent opportunities for research. Additionally, they highlight the dedication of clinicians who continue to engage in serious illness conversations, despite the odds stacked against them.


The author discusses the proposed inversion transaction involving Walgreens and explores why corporation expatriations are becoming more difficult to accomplish.


Indonesia's growing economy causes plastic usage to increase. Consequently, the volume of plastic waste continues to increase over time. In 2015, Indonesia is the second country that pollutes the sea with plastic garbage after China (Jambeck, 2015). The Government of Indonesia is committed to reducing the volume of plastic waste by 30% in 2025, but until now the progress has not been satisfactory. The current development of plastic technology has found environmentally friendly plastic, namely biodegradable plastic which can degrade in a shorter period of time. Technology improvements are still continuing, but there are already visible problems that will become an obstacle, the price of bio-degradable plastics is more expensive than that of non-degradable plastic. People tend to choose non-degradable plastic that is cheap, and avoids biodegradable plastic that is expensive. This study aims to find alternatives of fiscal policies to reduce the volume of plastic waste. This study uses explorative descriptive methodology, in the form of description and explanation of the phenomena that occur in the progress of plastic consumption and production. This study concludes that the combination of incentive and disincentive fiscal policies can be applied to reduce the volume of plastic waste. Fiscal incentives (subsidies) policy can be applied to increase the use of biodegradable plastic and fiscal disincentives (excise) policy can be applied to reduce the use of non-degradable plastic. These policies will not burden the government, will make the plastic waste be degraded faster, and the volume of plastic waste will be reduced significantly.


For a non-compact locally compact second countable Hausdorff space X, let ( ) X USCC be the family of all the upper-semicontinuous fuzzy sets on X with non-empty compact supports. We show that the space ( ) X USCC with the topology induced by Γ-convergence is homeomorphic to the L. ZHANG, Z. XU and Z. YANG 62 radial-interior ( ) { } 1 sup : < ∈ = ∑ n n x Q x of the Hilbert cube [ ]ω − = 1 , 1 Q ( ( ) { 0 : resp. = ∈ = n n f x Q x Q except for finitely many }) n if X is nondiscrete (resp. discrete).


The submarine vertical control system is of strong nonlinearity and strong coupling,and can be easily influenced by the disturbance,so the design of system control is very difficult to carry out.Based on the submarine vertical nonlinear model and considering the rudder dynamic response,the terminal sliding mode and terminal sliding reaching law were used to design both the bow rudder controller and the stern rudder controller.The bow and stern rudder controller was used to control the depth and the pitch respectively.The simulations were carried out and the results show that the control system has great performance and strong robustness,and the chattering problem was solved by using the continuous controller law.


infections. T. glabrata was only cultured from his second set of esophageal biopsies, although budding yeast cells and an absence of pseudohyphae were noted after his first set of biopsies. This highlights the risk of reporting yeasts as non-Candidaspecies, as clinicians may misinterpret this as indicative of nonpathogenic organisms and delay treatment (10). Although T. glabrata esophagitis is an uncommon cause of esophagitis in immune-compromised patients, clinicians should have a low index of suspicion for identifying this organism when esophagitis does not respond to standard treatment.


Purpose: To date, hypothermia has focused on improving rates of resuscitation to increase survival rates in cardiac arrest (CA) patients. For this, it needs to understand what body temperature affects neuronal damage/death in the brain during CA. However, few studies on effects of regional temperature in the body during CA on survival rate and neurological outcomes have been studied. Materials and methods: Here, we used adult male rats (12 week-old) which were subjected to 4 conditions as follows: (i) whole body normothermia (37±0.5°C) plus (+) no asphyxial CA, (ii) whole body normothermia+CA, (iii) whole body hypothermia (33±0.5°C)+CA, (iv) body hypothermia/brain normothermia+CA, and (v) brain hypothermia/body normothermia+CA. Results: Survival rate after resuscitation was significantly high in groups of whole body hypothermia+CA and body hypothermia/brain normothermia+CA, but not in groups of whole body normothermia+CA and brain hypothermia/body normothermia+CA. However, the group of hypothermia/brain normothermia+CA exhibited higher neuroprotective effect against asphyxial CA injury: neurological deficit and neuronal death in the hippocampus were improved compared to those in the group of whole body normothermia+CA. In addition, neurological deficit and neuronal death in the group of brain hypothermia/body normothermia+CA were was similar to those in the group of whole body normothermia+CA. Conclusions: In brief, only brain hypothermia during CA did not show effective survival rate, neurological function and neuronal protection compared to those under body (not brain) hypothermia during CA. Our present study suggests that regional temperature in patients during CA can significantly affect outcomes in survival rate and neurological recovery. Biography: Jun Hwi Cho, MD, PhD is professor in department of Emergency Medicine and Neurobiology, Kangwon National University Hospital, South Korea. His major research fields are cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) using hypothermia, toxicology and critical care, experimental ischemic stroke: about neuronal damage and protection in the ischemic brain. Speaker Publications: 1. Jung YS, Kim KS, Suh GJ, Cho JH (2019) "Pre-Comparison between Gel Pad Cooling Device and Water Blanket during Target Temperature Management in Cardiac Arrest Patients". Acute Crit Care 33(4):246-251. 2. Lee CH, Park JH, Ahn JH, Kim JD, Cho JH, Lee TK, Won MH (2019) "Stronger antioxidant enzyme immunoreactivity of Populus tomentiglandulosa extract than ascorbic acid in rat liver and kidney". Iran J Basic Med Sci 22(8):963-967. 3.Lee TK, Kim H, Song M, Lee JC, Park JH, Ahn JH, Yang GE, Kim H, Ohk TG, Shin MC, Cho JH, Won MH (2019) "Time-course pattern of neuronal loss and gliosis in gerbil hippocampi following mild, severe, or lethal transient global cerebral ischemia". Neural Regen Res 14(8):1394-1403. 34 th European Neurology Congress; Webinar-June 24-25, 2020.


This paper analyzes the stress-strain relation of concrete as anisotropic material under effecting by two-way stress on the objects of reinforced concrete thin slabs with complex geometry,boundary condition and distributing of reinforce bars according to finite element theory of reinforced concrete,by using the triangle layered-assembled element of elastic thin slabs.


Face to the new situation and the duty of the economic society development,how should statistical offices play a functional role and provide good services initiatively is a major issue to be studied.


Optical velocimetry has been an important experimental diagnostic for many experiments. Recent improvements to heterodyne techniques have resulted in compact, inexpensive and high performance velocimetry measurement systems. We report on developments and improvements in this area and illustrate the performance of Photon Doppler Velocimetry (PDV) by showing several experimental examples.


A continuum is proven to be in Class W if it can be decomposed into an upper semicontinuous collection of C-sets, each of which is contained in Class W, and if the upper semicontinuous decomposition space thus formed is in Class W.


The Three Representations by Jiang Ze-ming is the Communist Manifesto in the new century which delcares to the world that the Chinese Communist Part is the loyal representative of the Chinese people,leading the direction of advanced culture in the interests of the Chinese people in their production.The Three Representations inherits and develops the basic ideology in Marxist Communist Manifesto and plays a far-reaching historical and realistic role and is the Communist Manifesto in the new century.


In the title compound, C24H19N4S+·Br−·H2O, the thiazole and indolizine ring systems, together with the connecting NNC chain, form a nearly planar unit (r.m.s. deviation = 0.0786 A). The component ions and water molecules are linked by N—H⋯O, N—H⋯Br and O—H⋯Br hydrogen bonds and weaker C—H⋯O, C—H⋯N and C—H⋯π interactions, forming chains along the a axis.


RF energy scavenging enables batteryless operation of wireless sensors. In particular, a system with a central controller that transfers wireless energy to and exchanges information with RF energy scavenging sensors is very suitable for a wide range of applications. State-of-the-art analysis of RF energy scavenging is mostly based on RF-DC rectifier models operating with relatively high input power to achieve high rectification efficiency. However, to enable larger distance between the central controller and sensors and/or to increase the operating frequencies, which can lead to small and low-cost smart dust like sensors, a good model describing the RF-DC rectification with low input power is needed to aid system design and optimization. In this paper, we develop such a model. Using the model, we derive closed-form solutions for the equilibrium voltage and the input resistance of the rectifier. We further propose a quasi-static model to describe the dynamic charging of the capacitor in the rectifier. A comparison with circuit simulations using Cadence Virtuoso Spectre circuit simulator shows good match between our model and the circuit simulation.


A systematic research on optimization for combined structures of rods, plates, shells and beams is finished in the paper. A universal structure optimization system MASOPT1.0 is programmed. A real engineering problem is solved.


: A fuzzy rule-based system, designed with genetic algorithm (GA), is developed for estimation of model parameter values of a distributed rainfa11-runoff model, which consists of a numbcr of physically infiucnced model parameters. Input cell-based physical characteristics of the watershed and output estimated model parameter values are expressed by difterent fuzzy classes, such as `high', `Iow', etc. These classes are described by membership functions, and their effects on parameter values arc dcfined by fuzzy rules. The cell-based model parameters arc estimated from an optimized fuzzy system, where GA searches for optimal membership functions. Tb estimate the model parameters, the minimum summation of square errors is used as an objective function. The estimated river discharges using proposed model parameter estimation system at both calibration and verification perieds show a good matching with ebserved discharges, with the model eficiency criterion R2 of 96.67 and 94.57%, respectiyely. The indcx of volumctric fit Vf and the mean sum of square error E are obtained within well-acceptable ranges. The effects ofvarious cerl characteristics are also refiected very clearly in the estimated model parameters. The developed system has great potential to serve as a tool to estirnate model parameters and to improve the rnodel perfbrmanee.


In this work, the feasibility of using Delay And Sum (DAS) method in frequency domain and Variational Mode Decomposition algorithm (VMD) for respiration rate And heartbeat estimation using Impulse Radio Ultra-Wideband (IR-UWB) radar is demonstrated. The proposed method analyses the velocity of the chest displacement which is associated with breathing and heartbeat of human body. It based on solving two problems : velocity estimation and signal decomposition. The received matrix data is divided into a set of Coherent Processing Integration (CPI) times in slow time direction. To extract the vital signs signals, DAS method in frequency domain is adopted for IR-UWB radar to estimate the velocity of chest movement at each CPI. VMD algorithm is then applied to separate the Heartbeat signal from the respiratory signal. Experimental results proved the viability and the reliability of the proposed approach for long distances and in through the wall condition.


The main causes of morbidity and mortality in diabetes are macrovascular and microvascular complications. The pathogenesis of these complications is multifactorial, but there is strong evidence implicating chronic, smoldering, and inflammation as a main pathogenic event in the development of diabetic complications (1). Although the mechanisms responsible for vascular inflammation in diabetes are similar to those involved in vascular disease in non-diabetics (2), chronic hyperglycemia and dysregulated immune responses in diabetes are responsible for the activation of inflammatory circuits, inducing oxidative stress and promoting insulin resistance (1, 3), thus creating conditions that lead to the development of diabetes and diabetic complications. Changes in gene expression associated with diabetes like increased ICAM-1 expression (4) may also play a role in inducing inflammation and the development of diabetic complications.


CaTiO3:Pr3+ nanoparticles were synthesized by hydrothermal method and modified by polyglycol.Hydrothermal products were confirmed by XRD and fluorescence spectroscopy.Emission peaks of CaTiO3:Pr3+ nanoparticles modified by different concentration of polyglycol will red shift at the 613 nm,and the luminescent properties were improved by controlling the size of CaTiO3:Pr3+ nanoparticles.The optimum molar ratio about CaTiO3:Pr3+ nanoparticles modified by polyglycol is n(PEG)∶n(CaTiO3:Pr3+)=0.010.


The trends in state public utilities legislation which were clearly discernible in 1933 continued in somewhat modified form in state legislation during the biennium 1934–35. Only a comparatively few out of the vast number of proposed utilities measures became law. The laws enacted, however, contain features which if adopted generally may have far-reaching effect upon the future of state regulation of public utilities. The intended effects of such features are: (1) to further the creation of public corporations empowered to furnish public utility services; (2) to establish a new method of utilities regulation in the form of contractual relations between the federal government or federal agencies on the one hand and public utilities corporations on the other; (3) to stimulate municipal ownership and operation of selected public utilities.


Figure: Waveforms for a patient undergoing mechanical ventilation with volume controlled mode. Tidal Volume of 500 ml, PEEP 15, Constant inspiratory flow of 45 l/min A: Airway pressure in cmH2O, B: Esophageal pressure in cmH2O, C: Trans-pulmonary pressure in cmH2O, D: Flow in l/min, E: Tidal volume in ml Red dashed horizontal line: values at end of expiratory occlusion maneuver, White solid horizontal line: values at end of inspiratory occlusion maneuver, Green dashed horizontal line: values during peak inspiratory pressure.


IN HIS biography of Nicholas V (1447–1455), Giannozzo Manetti describes at length the vast building activity of the Pope, aimed at improving and embellishing the City of Rome.1 During his Pontificate Nicholas V took steps not only to improve the sanitary conditions of Rome—thus continuing the work of his immediate predecessors—but also to devise plans for a more dignified, modern, and beautiful residential city, befitting its position as the seat of the successor to the Apostle.


Biometric Hash algorithms, also called BioHash, are commonly designed to ensure template protection to its biometric raw data. They provide a certain level of robustness against input variability to assure reproducibility by compensating for intra-class variation of the biometric raw data. This concept can be a potential vulnerability. In this paper, we present two different approaches which exploit this vulnerability to reconstruct raw data out of a given BioHash for handwriting introduced in [1]. The first method uses manual user interaction combined with a genetic algorithm and the second approach uses a spline interpolation function based on specific features to generate raw data. Although they are hard to compare due to the different design, we do compare them with respect to their ability to reconstruct raw data within specific scenarios (constrained and unconstrained time and trails), time consumption during the reconstruction and usability. To show the differences, we evaluate using 250 raw data sets (10 individuals overall) consisting of 5 different handwriting semantics. We generate 50 BioHash vectors out of the raw data and use these as reference data to generate artificial raw data by using both attack methods. These experimental results show that the interactive approach is able to reconstruct raw data more accurate, compared to the automatic method, but with a much higher reconstruction time. If several hundred raw data samples are generated by the automatic approach the chance rises that one of the samples achieve equal or even better results than the interactive approach.


The third wave of democratization in the 1980s and 1990s was accompanied by a spectacular decline in the international influence of authoritarian governments. Culminating with the collapse of the Soviet Union, the ascendance of advanced democracies resulted in pressure on smaller and poorer countries to liberalize both their economies and their political systems. However, the last 15 years has seen the most powerful non-democracies become more autocratic and more assertive in their foreign policies (Diamond, 2020). Led primarily by China and Russia, this resurgence of authoritarian influence (RAI) has caused concern among policymakers and pro-democracy advocates that powerful authoritarian governments are undermining democracy abroad. Attempts to investigate the incidence and nature of RAI efforts have been hampered by a lack of data. Assembling data on RAI is extremely difficult due to the sporadic, albeit widespread, nature of RAI efforts and the absence of publicly available administrative data. To date, the most comprehensive data on RAI is annual and focuses on overseas development finance. While useful, such data offers limited insight into neither the rapid pace at which RAI has expanded nor the full breadth of foreign influence activities, which span cultural, political, military, and economic spheres (Malik et al., 2021). We overcome these limitations by scraping more than 60 million daily articles published by Chinese, Russian, international, and domestic online news sources for a sample of 16 countries over 117 months, and using the latest in Natural Language Processing to identify reporting on 22 different foreign influence


Science PolicyIn a new report, a blue-ribbon panel decries India's systemic failure to capitalize on basic research findings. The report, released last week by Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, offers a stinging indictment of India's scientific frailties, noting that science here is "severely hampered by oppressive bureaucratic practices and inflexible administrative and financial controls." Titled India as a Global Leader in Science , the "vision document" also offers a blueprint for strengthening Indian science—one that will require heaps of money to implement.


Research is not only a product and a process but an attitude. This attitude is as important for teachers as it is for researchers.


Based on the Beylkin-Cramer summation rule, we introduce a new fast algorithm that enables us to explore the high-order statistics efficiently in large data sets. Central to this technique is to make decompositions both of fields and operators within the framework of multiresolution analysis and to realize their discrete representations. Accordingly, a homogeneous point process could be equivalently described by the operation of a Toeplitz matrix on a vector, which is accomplished by making use of the fast Fourier transformation. The algorithm could be applied widely in cosmic statistics to tackle large data sets. We demonstrate this novel technique using the spherical, cubic, and cylindrical counts in cells. The numerical test shows that the algorithm produces an excellent agreement with the expected results. Moreover, the algorithm naturally introduces a sharp filter, which is capable of suppressing shot noise in weak signals. In the numerical procedures, the algorithm is somewhat similar to particle-mesh methods in N-body simulations. Since it is scaled with O(N log N), it is significantly faster than the current particle-based methods, and its computational cost does not rely on the shape or size of the sampling cells. In addition, based on this technique, we further propose a simple fast scheme to compute the second statistics for cosmic density fields and justify it using simulation samples. Hopefully, the technique developed here allows us to make a comprehensive study of non-Gaussianity of the cosmic fields in high-precision cosmology. A specific implementation of the algorithm is publicly available on request to the author.


Yam (Dioscorea species) is one of the extremely regarded food crops in tropical countries of West Africa; it is tightly integrated into the social, cultural, economic, and religious life of the people (Diop, 1998; Ferraro, Piccirillo, Tomlins, & Pintado, 2016). Yam is the second most essential tuber crop in Africa, with Nigeria producing about 34 million tonnes (Food and Agriculture Organization, 2000). Yam tuber is an essential source of carbohydrate and it is also a significant source of income in countries where they are planted. In 2007, 96% of the worldwide production of yam (52 million tons) was from Africa, while 94% of the yam was from West Africa, with Nigeria alone producing 71% (Djeri et al., 2015; Obadina, Babatunde, & Olotu, 2014). Fresh Received: 22 April 2020 | Revised: 29 May 2020 | Accepted: 16 June 2020 DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14732


The paper presents central zones of small size European towns as a desirable residential environment, which on the one hand provide easy access to basic and extra services and availability of public spaces, combined with privacy and intimacy for the residents on the other. In towns' strict centres, that is their hearts, valuable cultural and historical objects are concentrated. The centres provide residential and service functions, often on the ground floors of the apartment houses. They are the towns' "visiting cards", the greatest tourist attractions. However, it is often the area on the edges of the central zone that becomes the most important one, as in case of the French town of Meudon. This is possible when there is no clearly marked market square in the centre, or when the objects situated outside it are important and attractive enough to compete successfully with those in the centre itself.


This paper mainly focuses on a new approach to find an optimal solution of a fuzzy linear programming problem with the help of Fuzzy Dynamic Programming. Linear programming deals with the optimization of a function of variables called an objective function, subject to a set of linear inequalities called constraints. The objective function may be maximizing the profit or minimizing the cost or any other measure of effectiveness subject to constraints imposed by supply, demand, storage capacity, etc., Moreover, it is known that fuzziness prevails in all fields. Hence, a general linear programming problem with fuzzy parameters is considered where the variables are taken as Triangular Fuzzy Numbers. The solution is obtained by the method of FDP by framing fuzzy forward and fuzzy backward recursive equations. It is observed that the solutions obtained by both the equations are the same. This approach is illustrated with a numerical example. This feature of the proposed approach eliminates the imprecision and fuzziness in LPP models. The application of Fuzzy set theory in the field of dynamic Programming is called Fuzzy Dynamic Programming.


The purpose of this report is to provide a point of reference for DOE contractors and others when planning experiments needed to support new and modified production operations. The report will also be used by ENCOG to make recommendations to DOE pertaining to the critically experiment programs for the three DOE Critical Mass Laboratories (at the Los Alamos Critical Experiments Facility, the Hanford Critical Mass Laboratory, and the Rocky Flats Plant critical mass laboratory). This listing further provides for early dissemination to the critically research community of experiment concepts (well before the planning or scheduling of such experiments); this will permit other experimenters to request adjuncts to the experiments, and allow them to contribute to the cost of an experiment to expedite its performance.


Memory are largely affected by soft errors and do so the the encoder and decoder circuitry around the memory. In this paper we address the issue by going for a newly designed FSD with a new class of error correcting codes named EG-LDPC. The mechanism by which the codes detect faults is clearly demonstrated. Larger codes have been used in nano scale and brings about more reliability and low area overhead.


Since the research results have announced that divorce is accompanied by tremendous social costs, various measures have taken into effect to reduce...


I: Overview. WHO Voice: WHO: From the Health Perspective S. Saxens. 1. Introduction S.D. Solomon. 2. Traumatic Stress and its Consequences B. Green. 3. Social Deprivation E.L. Bassuk, B. Donelan. 4. Intervention Options for Society, Communties, Families and Individuals J.A. Fairbank, M.J. Friedman, J. de Jong, B.L. Green, S.D. Solomon. II: Abuse and Torture. UN Voice: The Ascendant Ethical Self O. Frank. 5. Child Abuse in Peacetime D.A. Wolfe, M.B. Nayak. 6. Abuse of Older People R.F. Wolfe, G. Bennett, L. Daichman. 7. People with Mental and Physical Disabilities K.T. Mueser, V.A. Hiday, L.B. Goodman, D. Valenti-Hein. 8. Violence against Women M.A. Dutton, D.G. Kilpatrick, M. Friedman, V. Patel. 9. Survivors of Mass Violence and Torture S. Turner, S. Yuksel, D. Silove. III: Wars and Disasters. UN Voice: Coordinating Humanitarian Assistance with OCHA: Issues of Psychological Trauma M. Bowden. 10. Children in Armed Conflict W. Yule, R. Stuvland, F.K. Baingana, P. Smith. 11. Refugees and Internally Displaced People N. Baron, S. Buus Jensen, J. de Jong. 12. Former Combatants B. Engdahl, P.L. de Silva, Z. Solomon, D. Somasundaram. 13. Natural and Technological Disasters D. Somasundaram, F. Norris, N. Azukai, R. Srinivasa Murthy. IV: United Nations Personnel. UN Voice: UNSECOORD: Protecting the Protectors D. Russler. 14. UN Peacekeepers and Civilian Field Personnel M.J. Friedman, P.G. Warfe, G.K. Mwiti. V: Summary and Conclusion. World Bank Voice: World Bank: An Overview and Some Next Steps F. Baingana. 15. A Call to Action: Responding to Social and Humanitarian Crises T.M. Keane.


(Chest 1992; 102:261-62) A 27-year-old white woman was referred for evaluation of a chronic cough productive of a greenish and foul-tasting sputum that was occasionally blood streaked. She recalled no prodromal symptoms. She denied weight loss, fevers, or chills. The patient did not smoke and had flO noxious occupational exposures. She had no pets or livestock. She was an urban dweller without outdoor interests or activities. She had not traveled recently. She had had only the usual childhood illnesses. She had no risk factors for infection with human imunodeficiency virus (HIV). There was no family history of pulmonary disease. The patient was thin but in fl() acute distress. She was afebrile, and her vital signs were stable. Breath sounds were diminished in the tipper lung fields. The remainder of the physical examination findings were unremarkable. The patient's white blood cell count and differential were normal. Her biochemical profile was unremarkable. Her a1-antitrypsin level was normal. Fungal serologic findings by immunodiffusion and complement fixation were within normal limits. Her PPD test


PURPOSE: An internal combustion engine and an apparatus for generating a control signal are provided to operate an engine when a normal control of large diesel engine is out of order to be simple, cheap and compact and to occupy a small space. CONSTITUTION: By occurring an obstacle or a breakdown, an apparatus(40) of generating an electric control signal for a preliminary control valve is supplied in an internal combustion engine. The apparatus(40) includes crankshaft(2) and plural synchronous rotary control elements(42a,42b,42c), and a sensor(43) is connected to each control element. The sensor cooperates with the control elements in a method that each sensor sends signals in a previously set up angle position of the control element, and the electric control signal for the operation of the internal combustion engine is formed from the signals. Each angle position corresponds to a crankshaft angle as the piston position of a cylinder by synchronizing the rotations of the crankshaft and each control element. Accordingly, the formed signals harmonize with the duty cycle of the internal combustion engine temporarily.


The article reviews the current state of the conference interpretation training systems in Europe. It provides brief comparative analysis of master programmes in five schools (all in French-speaking countries France, Belgium, Switzerland) known for their excellence and expertise in the key contemporary fields of translation, interpretation and multilingual communication. The analysis pays attention to the variety of approaches in structure and content of training programmes to get equivalent diplomas.


Wireless sensor networks and target tracking are two great parts of research among the researchers, in that some of selective sensor will keep tracking interesting targets under surveillance. In target tracking, sensors are deployed in many applications such as campus security, surveillance, habitat and health care monitoring. Information can be transmitted in an ad hoc multi-hop form via internet or by signal to monitor a specific region or target and can form a ubiquitous network for several internet services. In this paper, Sequential Boundary Node Selection and Distributed Boundary Node Selection algorithms are proposed to Fig out the boundary nodes of the wireless sensor network besides we add Advertisement-based -Media access control to them to improve their energy-efficiency with special sleeping scheduling of Advertisement-based -media access control and simultaneously keep accuracy as latter work. For tracking, Heuristics-base-Distributed-Advertisement-based algorithm is our contribution that has been used for accurate tacking by using them, we achieved to accurate way for tracking with higher energy efficiency.


Summary form only given. In summary, we have presented the first multiwavelength optical limiting amplifier (OLA) with high dynamic range to our knowledge, and demonstrated its applications in a SONET WDM self-healing ring optical fibre network.


Research Highlights: While forest structure recovery in successional tropical forests is well studied, the recovery of fauna and changes in species composition and assemblage along forests succession is not well understood in many areas of the Neotropics like tropical dry forests (TDFs). Background and Objectives: To compare bird species richness and assemblage in tropical dry forests (TDFs) of different ages of recovery from cattle ranching and relate both to forest structural characteristics. Materials and Methods: To sample bird species richness and assemblage in 16 successional forest of different ages (i.e., 20, 30, 40, and 60 years old) using autonomous sound recording units in the TDFs in Costa Rica. Results: A total of 64 species of birds was detected across all forest age classes. The highest species richness was found in the 20-year-old class. Species richness decreased as canopy openness increased, suggesting low forest structural complexity and low availability of perches, nesting sites and food sources. However, bird assemblages were similar among the different forest age classes, suggesting that age itself was not a strong predictor, likely because of high variation in structure within age classes. Conclusions: TDFs can recover structural characteristics important to birds in only a few decades, supporting a rapid bird species assemblage recovery. However, this seems to depend on the starting conditions of the site prior to being recovered. Young TDFs, 20 years old, provide similar habitats for birds as 60-year-old forests do. These findings provide relevant information on the influence of TDF recovery after severe human impact on a highly threatened ecosystem.


Objective
To investigate the clinical outcome of application of transpedicular cortical bone trajectory (CBT) screw fixation in lumbar degenerative diseases.

Methods
A retrospective research based on the collection of 53 lumbar degenerative disease cases, who underwent posterior spinal canal decompression and interbody fusion since August 2016 to May 2018, in 920 hospital of the PLA Joint Logistic Unit. 23 cases were treated with CBT screw technique and 30 cases were treated with traditional pedicle screw technique. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, VAS score, JOA score and improvement rate and postoperative functional restoration, clinical complications has been observed in the two groups for comprehensive evaluation of clinical efficacy.

Results
All patients received an average of (12±4) months (3-18 months) follows up. During the screw placement process, no insufficient holding of screws, isthmus or pedicle cleft palate occurred, blood vessel and nerve damage caused by the screw placement process as well. The symptoms of the two groups showed various degree of improvement. Postoperative JOA scores (CBT group: 23.7±2.3, pedicle screw group: 23.9±2.0) and VAS scores (CBT group: 1.2±0.7, pedicle screw group: 1.3±0.8) were improved compared with preoperative (CBT group: 5.3±1.2, pedicle screw group: 5.4±1.2). The operation time was compared between the two groups (CBT group: single segment was 2.0±0.3 h, double segment was 2.8±0.4 h. pedicle screw group: single segment 2.1±0.3 h, double segment 3.0±0.2 h), postoperative VAS score (CBT group: 1.2±0.7, pedicle screw group: 1.3±0.8) and JOA scores (CBT group: 23.7±2.3 points, pedicle screw group: 23.9±2.0 points) had no statistically significant difference, but the intraoperative blood loss of the CBT screw group (single segment: 297±48 ml, double segment: 367±41 ml) was less than the pedicle screw group (single segment: 347±44 ml, double segment: 427±46 ml)(t=-3.209, t=-2.692, P<0.05). No postoperative adverse events such as loose screws, tail screw detachment, broken screws loss of intervertebral space, and intervertebral cage displacement have been observed.

Conclusion
CBT screw for the treatment of lumbar degenerative disease is a less trauma, faster postoperative recovery, safe and reliable screw placement method.

Key words:
Pedicle screws; Spine; Lumbar Vertebrae


Fine‐needle aspiration and fine‐needle capillary biopsy techniques were compared, and the number of samples necessary to assure a diagnostic specimen was determined. In this study, each mass served as its own control, since both aspiration and capillary fine‐needle biopsy were performed randomly on each mass. The study found the number of "superior" slides to be evenly distributed between the two biopsy techniques, but a distinct preference, based on tumor type, was noted for one or the other technique. The "best" slides were obtained from one of the first four samples 92% of the time. The authors concluded that both fine‐needle aspiration and capillary biopsy should be used and that three to four samples should be obtained to increase the likelihood of a diagnostic biopsy.


We used a noncompetitiveenzyme-linkedimmunoassayto measure apolipoproteinB (apo-B) concentrationin human plasma. Goat anti-lipoproteinB immunoglobulins were adsorbedto the surfaceof polystyreneballs.Afterwashing,this solid-phase antibody was incubated with antigen (plasma from normal or hyperlipoproteinemic fasting subjects), washed, and then incubatedwith peroxidase-labeledgoat anti-lipoprotein B lgG. Aftera lastwashing,we measuredthe bound label, which provided a direct measurementof the antigen. Under optimized assay conditions,the minimum detectable concentrationwas 50 ng per assay. The assay may be used to measure apo-B in different lipoprotein fractions (low- or very-low-density)and yields values that compared favorably with those obtained by electroimmunoassay(r = 0.86). The assay offersseveraladvantagesover existingtechniques:sensitivity,specificity,simplicity,avoidance of radioisotopes,and potentialfor use with monoclonal antibodies.


New types of memories with potentially ideal properties are topic of growing interest. Among the candidates, Ferroelectric RAM, Phase change RAM, and Magnetic RAM appear to be most promising for commercialization. In this paper, these memories will be reviewed in respect of current technology status, technical challenges encountered and solutions for technological barriers.


This research activity is focused on the development of new experimental methodologies for Non-Manual Transmissions, in particular for the calibration of the software that runs inside the Transmission Control Unit (TCU). Calibration is still an activity performed on vehicle but, due to several reasons, it is always more necessary to move it from Road to Rig: this concept allows to move a part of the development process of a new vehicle from the road to the test benches. Perform calibration on the road means to work directly on prototypes vehicles, that have high costs, and to be subject to external conditions that make the maneuvers not repeatable. On the other hand, work on bench assure, for sure, repeatability, so no influences of external conditions; a single test bench is able to simulate different types of vehicle, with a significant cost reduction. This research activity was scheduled in two main parts. The first, that concerns the development of the test bench used during the whole activity, a Transmission Test Bench in which the gearbox is physically present and all the other elements, such as engine and vehicle, are simulated: configuration, building of simulation models, calibration of these models, creation of test patterns. The second, that concerns the development of new experimental calibration methodologies: using the repeatability of the test bench, it was possible to reproduce many maneuvers on the bench and it was possible to improve the management of this maneuver, and then test the new solutions on vehicle, with good results. Moreover, the punctual characterization of certain components is possible, due to the precision and reliability of the test bench: in particular, the activity is focused on thermal behavior of gearbox and clutches, clutches friction coefficient function of temperature, clutches dynamic response. The self-developed experimental methodologies were built both off-line than on-line (real time) with the simulation models of the bench; with the test patterns built in the first phase of the research activity, it was possible to create automated calibrations tools that allow to actuate autonomously the system, read the output, optimize the result via self-developed estimation algorithm, and actuate again the system with the new calculated value, in order to find the best compromise for certain physical aspects. Due to the confidentiality of the contents, all the graphs represented in this work have no indications of units and values


Jitian304,a new polyploid sugarbeet variety from a tetraploid line Shengwufa-95 as the female parent with a diploid line 7302-28333-1-2 as the male parent was crossed through natural pollination as 3:1. In the national sugarbeet variety regional test from 2002 to 2003,the mean root yield increased by 5.3%; the sugar content increased by 1.0°S; the sugar yield increased by 11.9%,in comparison with control varieties of Jitian301 and Jitian304. In the national sugarbeet variety demonstration test in 2005,the mean root yield increased by 6.0%; the sugar content increased by 1.1°S; the sugar yield increased by 12.6%,in comparison with above method control varieties. It was registered as a new variety by National Sugarbeet Authorization Committee in 2006. The variety was with high sugar content,steady root yield,resistance to leaf spot and tolerance to root rot. It was suitable to plant in Yili and Tacheng of the Xinjiang autonomous regions,Huangyangzhen of Gansu province,Fanjiatun of Jilin province,and Nenjiang of the Heilongjiang.


With its low work function and high mechanical strength, the LaB 6 /VB 2 eutectic system is an interesting candidate for high performance thermionic emitters. For the development of device applications, it is important to understand the origin, value, and spatial distribution of the work function in this system. Here we combine thermal emission electron microscopy and low energy electron microscopy with Auger electron spectroscopy and physical vapor deposition of the constituent elements to explore physical and chemical conditions governing the work function of these surfaces. Our results include the observation that work function is lower (and emission intensity is higher) on VB 2 inclusions than on the LaB 6 matrix. We also observe that the deposition of atomic monolayer doses of vanadium results in surprisingly significant lowering of the work function with values as low as 1.1 eV. © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


Due to the limited processing power, and finite power available to each sensor node, regular ad hoc routing techniques cannot be directly applied to sensor networks domain. Thus, energy-efficient routing algorithms suitable to the inherent characteristics of these types of networks are needed. Routing algorithms must also be robust to failures, and provide low latency. This paper makes a performance comparison of three sensor network routing protocols, namely, Rumor routing, Stream Enable Routing (SER) and SPIN. The results show that SPIN is the most suitable for small size networks while SER serves the large scale networks the best. Rumor is considered an alternative protocol with high delivery rate and scales from small to medium size networks.


A plate like crystal (2 x 1.5 x 0.2 µm) having prismatic and pyramidal faces is identified under scanning electron microscope attached with EDAX probe as a ferrian hydroxyl topaz with its structural formula Si4 (Si1.172Al2.296¬Fe3+2.133 Mg0.307Ca0.347Na0.335K0.293Ti0.088P0.053 SO3 0.079) 7.104 (F5.517OH5.482)10.998 on the basis of 24(O, OH, F). It is found as interstitial mineral amidst calcite crystals. The bulk composition of carbonatite indicates that the topaz was formed by crystallization from a residual liquid derived from the carbonatite lava during the course of its rapid consolidation.


During the coronavirus outbreak, physical distancing restrictions led to the cancellation of live, large-group events worldwide. This included weekly educational conferences required of Emergency Medicine (EM) residency programs in the United States. Specifically, the Residency Review Committee in EM under the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education has mandated that there be at least four hours per week of synchronous conference didactics.


Steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein plays a key role in the transport of cholesterol from the outer mitochondrial membrane to the inner membrane. We examined the mechanism by which StAR protein in the cytoplasm of steroid hormoneproducing cells stimulates steroidogenesis. A yeast two-hybrid system was used to identify proteins interacting with N-62 StAR protein lacking the first 62 amino acids. From the expected intracellular localization of proteins determined from the deduced amino acid sequences, we analyzed a clone. The results of pull-down assays and mammalian two-hybrid assays confirmed the interaction between N-62 StAR protein and the clone-translated product. The clone-translated product was named StAR-binding protein (SBP). After co-transfection with the human cytochrome P450scc system, StAR expression vector and pSBP, the amount of pregnenolone produced by COS-1 cells was increased. The amount of steroid hormones produced by steroidogenic cells subjected to siRNA treatment was less than that produced by control cells. In conclusion, SBP binds StAR protein in cells and enhances the ability of StAR protein to promote syntheses of steroid hormones.


Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors using a doping silicon grating fabricated over a doping silicon film are proposed. The doping effects of n-type and p-type silicon on the performance of the sensors were calculated and discussed in detail, using a rigorous coupled-wave analysis as a numerical method. The performance parameters of the SPR sensors are defined in terms of full width half maximum (FWHM), sensitivity (S), detection accuracy (DA) and quality factor (χ). The FWHM, DA and χ are enhanced by the increase of charge carriers (N) but the sensitivity is stabled with the change of N. Furthermore, for high charge carriers N = 5 × 1020 cm−3, the effects of grating structural parameters such as grating depth and grating period on the performance is investigated. Moreover, further to increase the performance parameters a doping silicon grating is fabricated over aluminum (Al) film. Numerical results show that the Al film is responsible for enhancing the sensing performance of the proposed SPR based sensors. The present sensors can attain a maximum DA of 1.47 deg−1, S of 219.60 deg RIU−1 and χ of 322.94 RIU−1 for n-type doping silicon grating on Al film and DA of 1.78 deg−1, S of 219.40 deg RIU−1 and χ of 391.42 RIU−1 for p-type doping silicon grating on Al film.


Most of the previous research focused on either behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) beams with openings [1] or shear behavior of RC beam-column joints [2]; however, very limited studies tackled the behavior of RC beam-column joints with nearby beam web openings. In this paper, the influence of a nearby RC beam web opening properties (i.e. aspect ratio and location) on the behavior (i.e. cracking pattern, failure mode, stiffness degradation, steel reinforcement strain, energy dissipation, load displacement envelope, strength, and ductility) of an RC beam-column joint are being investigated. In addition, the effect of different additional reinforcement around the opening was investigated. Concluding remarks were outlined. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Date of Submission: 15 -07-2017 Date of acceptance: 28-08-2017 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Scandinavia has been for a number of years past the centre of interest in hydrographic inquiries. The waters of the Baltic, Skagerack, and Cattegat, have been thoroughly investigated by Swedish men of science; the complicated currents of those seas and their periodic alterations have been determined and explained; and a relation has been found to exist between the movements of herring and mackerel and the periodic changes in the character of the water which bathes the Swedish shores. The brilliant results attained by the Swedish hydrographers have been fully described by Prof. Otto Pettersson in the tenth volume of the Scottish Geographical Magazine (1894), and a critical summary of these results is included in Cunningham's paper on the "Physical and Biological Conditions of the North Sea," published in this journal last year. (Vol. iv., 1896, p. 233.)


Aims: To promote the rational exploration of the mushroom resources, this study evaluated the in vitro antioxidant activity of 16 kinds of mushrooms collected from the Sichuan province in China and completed the identification of the optimal active strains. Place and Duration of Study: School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan province, China. April 2019 to May 2020 (13 Months). Methodology: 16 kinds of mushrooms were collected in the wild. These strains were isolated and cultivated. The extract's antioxidant activities of fermentation broth and mycelium were assessed using the DPPH radical-scavenging method. The higher activity strains were also evaluated by Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and the Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Meanwhile, the contents of total flavonoids and total phenols were determined. Finally, The highly active strains were identified by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) Identification. Results: All extract of fermentation broth and mycelium from 16 kinds of mushrooms had scavenging effects on DPPH. Among them, strain No. 6 and No. 7 exhibited obvious antioxidant capacity, and the scavenging rates of their fermentation broths on DPPH were 89.47% and 84.27%, respectively. And the results of TEAC and FRAP were consistent with those of DPPH. Besides, these two kinds of mushrooms were all rich in phenolic and flavonoid compounds, and the content in the fermentation broth was significantly higher than that in the mycelium, indicating that phenolic Original Research Article Pei-Xia et al.; MRJI, 30(7): 99-109, 2020; Article no.MRJI.60182 100 and flavonoid substances may be the material basis of their antioxidant effect. The strain No. 6 and No. 7 were confirmed to be Bjerkandera and Nigrospora sp, respectively by 16S nrDNA sequence identification. Conclusion: The results showed that Bjerkandera and Nigrospora sp. possessed the highest antioxidant capacities with rich total phenolic and total flavonoids. They could be potential sources of natural antioxidants for further exploration and application.


COPD is an important health problem in cases of pneumoconiosis caused by occupational dust exposure. In this study, which supports the knowledge that COPD can develop due to occupational vapor, dust, gase, and fumes regardless of smoking, personal and occupational risk factors affecting this situation were also determined. Objectives It was aimed to determine the factors affecting the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in pneumoconiosis cases Methods Pneumoconiosis cases were divided into two groups as those with only pneumoconiosis and those with coexistence of pneumoconiosis and COPD. Demographic data, smoking habits, pulmonary function test, radiological findings, and occupational risk factors of the cases were compared. Results Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was detected in 134 of 465 pneumoconiosis cases (28.8%) included in the study. It was determined that patients who developed COPD were statistically significantly older, had longer exposure duration, had lower forced expiratory volume in 1 second, forced vital capacity, and forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity values, and had more pulmonary symptoms. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease development was more common in sandblasting workers, dental technicians, and miners than in other occupations. Conclusion It has been shown that the risk of developing COPD is high in cases of pneumoconiosis, independent of smoking, especially in certain occupational groups.


keyword: EQUIVALENCE, ENGLISH PERSONAL PRONOUN,SUBJECT POSITION, NOVEL , WHILE THE LIGHT LASTS ABSTRACT : The paper is entitled The equivalence of English Personal Pronoun in Subject Position into Indonesian in novel While the light lasts. The researcher tries to research this novel in order to get the data of subject pronoun I, you, she, he, we, they, and it. The aims of this research are to know the percentage of English Subject Pronoun ( I, you, she, he, we, they, and it ) in Indonesian and their equivalents of English Subject Pronoun ( I, you, she, he, we, they, and it ) into Indonesian Language. For this research, the researcher takes from the novel While the light lasts was written by Agatha Christie. It was published in 2003 by Harper Collins. It consists of 252 pages and 9 chapters and researcher also takes the data from novel in Indonesian language. It was published in 2003 by PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama. It consists of 203 pages and 9 chapters. For the beginning the researcher collects one hundred data and choose the topic from chapter 1 until 9. Secondly, the researcher analyses one hundred data of subject pronoun and the data in the table are discussed to see what the translation are.


[Objective] To better understand the effects of nitric oxide treatment on antioxidant enzyme system of postharvest mango. [Method] Mango fruit that was pretreated with 0. 1 mmol / L NO was stored at 25 ℃ for 11 days. Changes in these levels of superoxide dismutase( SOD),peroxidases( POD),catalase( CAT),ascorbate peroxidase( APX) and malondialdehyde( MDA),respectively,were measured during storage. [Result] The results showed that NO treatment could inhibit postharvest mango fruit malondialdehyde( MDA) content,increase superoxide dismutase( SOD),peroxides( POD),catalane( CAT) and asorbic peroxides( APX) activities,and delay ripening and senescence of mango fruit during storage. [Conclusion] The study can provide theoretical basis to NO for mango fresh- keeping.


Objectiv To investigate the role of heat shock protein70(HSP70)in transpupillary thermotherapy(TTT)for choroidal neovascularization(CNV).Methods CNV was induced in 30 mice(30 eyes)by krypton laser photocoagulation of the fundus.After 6 days,mice were examined by Fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA)and treated by TTT with a diode laser at surperthreshold 、threshold、 subthreshold dose settings and some without any treatment.TTT was delivered to the normal retina of 16 mice(16 eyes)accordingly.On day 7 after TTT,FFA were proform and eyes were examined by means of light microscopy and immunohistochemistry of HSP70.Results CNV was observed on day 6 after photocoagulation by FFA.On day 7 after TTT,the thickness of CNV complex was reduced in subthreshold and threshold TTT-treated mice,compared with untreated mice.However,CNV was not reduced obviously in surperthreshold TTT-treated mice,many.newly formed vessels still could be seen.Immunohistochemical staining for HSP70 could be seen in the photoreceptors at TTT sites,more prominent with larger dose TTT.Untreated control eyes showed no staining.Conclusion Despite the absence of changes evident by funduscopy,TTT resulted in does-dependent expression of HSP70.The induction of HSP70 may play a role in the reduction of CNV.Further experiments are required to determine how much HSP70 expression might reduce CNV.


A semiclassical theory of atomic quantum defects is given in terms of a ''radial action defect'' derived in the context of Hamilton–Jacobi theory. This derivation leads to the relation δl(E) =πμl(E) between the semiclassical (WKB) phase shift and the semiclassical quantum defect, a result identical in form to that of Seaton for the analogous fully quantum mechanical quantities. The semiclassical theory is used to compute quantum defects for the l=0→3 Rydberg states of Li and the l=0→4 states of Na and K, with good results.


SUMMARY The concentrations of dry matter, crude protein, fat and ash and of Ca, P, Mg, Na and K were determined for 22 sets of twin foetuses, 33 of triplets and 11 of quadruplets of known gestational ages within the range 55–145 days. In addition, determinations were made of the concentrations of dry matter, crude protein, fat and ash in their associated placentae and empty uteri, and of dry matter, nitrogen, energy and ash in the foetal fluids. The dry matter, crude protein and fat concentrations in the placentae increased with foetal age and decreased with increasing litter size. Ash concentrations were unaltered. There was no effect of litter size or foetal age on the concentration of nutrients in the empty uteri. Dry matter and nitrogen concentrations in the fluids increased with foetal age but were independent of litter size, whereas ash concentrations increased with litter size but not with age. The form of the mathematical model for foetal growth is considered in relation to the estimation of rates of accretion and the estimation of the differences in composition to be expected between foetuses that are heavy and others that are light relative to their age. When the weights of the foetal constituents were fitted by Gompertz equations extended to include foetal weight as an allometric term, the effects of litter size on foetal composition could be estimated from the foetal weights for each size of litter. Concentrations of dry matter and of most constituents in the foetuses became less as numbers of foetuses increased, irrespective of stage of gestation. A description of the changing composition of the growing foetuses was provided by specific growth rates calculated from the fitted equations. With minor exceptions, derived estimates of foetal concentrations of each constituent were found to agree quite well with most previously published estimates for ovine foetuses, but similar agreement on daily accretion rates was not to be expected in view of the sensitivity of such estimates to the choice of model for foetal growth. Rates of accretion in the gravid uterus increased up to about 5 weeks before parturition and tended to level off thereafter, but most of them still increased slightly over the last 2 weeks, even in ewes bearing triplets or quadruplets. Taking account of the changes in the maternal body of the ewes, it was concluded that although the prolific ewes incurred a substantial energy deficit, and could not have consumed sufficient of the diet to avoid this, their intakes in late pregnancy were nevertheless adequate to support the high rates of accretion of protein and of minerals in the gravid uterus.


Public and professional interest have both been aroused over the last eight years by a new form of group practice involving intensive interaction for periods of six hours, an entire weekend, or more. The approach is called &dquo;The Marathon Group.&dquo; Extravagant claims have been made of its merits; e.g., George Bach once stated, &dquo;If all adults had been in a marathon, there would be no more war; if all teenagers had been in a marathon there would be no more juvenile delinquency&dquo; (Bach and Stoller, 1967). Others have reacted skeptically or with hostility to these claims, considering the marathon group to be just another &dquo;Southern California


Abstract
This paper describes a prototype system that provides interactive author support for an automated medical interviewing system. An on-line users manual enables health care professionals to use the system without prior knowledge or experience. The approach taken was to make the author support programs interviews in the underlying interviewing system.


This paper forecasts the US production of fiber optic cable systems through 1990, and outlines the demand for fiber optics by each major application area. The trends in each application are discussed, including the reasons for fiber optics preference. The fiber optic component types which are best suited to each application are outlined.


Management of diabetic foot ulcers with a TLC-NOSF dressing, based on evidence and clinical practice The incidence of diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) has increased in the past decade, both in Chile and worldwide, as a result of the progressive growth in diabetes prevalence. Because DFU are associated with a high risk of infection and amputation, it is crucial to choose effective and evidence-based treatments. A dressing combining technology lipidocolloid with nano-oligo saccharide factor (TLC-NOSF) has demonstrated its effectiveness in managing DFU. This article reviews the evidence around TLC-NOSF and its implementation in clinical practice.


A major limitation in the application of Machine Learning to Machine Translation is that one needs to scale highly structured models to very large datasets, which is not possible with current optimization techniques. While current research applies structured methods to smaller datasets or subproblems, we take here an alternate path. In a first lexical choice step, we explore highly scalable unstructured classification methods that produce bags of words (BOW) rather than sentences. This would be enough for Cross-Language Information Retrieval. Full translation requires a second lexical ordering step that produces an "optimal" sequencing for the words in the bag. We demonstrate improvements in both translation accuracy (BLEU score) and word retrieval accuracy (F-measure) in various tasks The goal of lexical choice is, given a source sentence, to estimate the probability that we find a given word in the target sentence. This is why, instead of producing a target sentence, what we initially obtain is a target BOW. Each word in the target vocabulary is detected independently, so we have here a very simple use of binary static classifiers. Training sentence pairs are considered as positive examples when the word appears in the target, and negative otherwise. Thus, the number number of training examples equals the number of sentence pair. The classifier is trained with n-gram features from the source sentence. Unlike most other statistical or discriminant MT approaches, there is no need to align the training sentences at the word level, using alignment algorithms such as GIZA++, which have been found to perform poorly for languages with radically different word order (e.g. English-Japanese). During decoding, the BOW consists of the words with conditional probability greater than an adaptive threshold. In order to reconstruct the proper order of words in the target sentence we consider all permutations of words in the BOW and weight them by a target language model. This global reordering procedure uses a permutation automaton that grows exponentially with the sentence length, so limiting heuristics [3] are needed. To allow for length adjustments of target sentences, optional deletions are added in the final step of permutation decoding. Our experiments compare two approaches. The baseline approach [1] builds a trigram model on this bilanguage corpus and represent the resulting model as a stochastic finite-state-transducer (SFST) which maps source language tokens to target language tokens. For decoding, we compose the source language test sentence with the SFST and search for the highest probability translation from the result of the composition. The BOW approach uses L1-regularized Maximum Entropy binary classifiers, which were shown [2] to combine state-of-the-art performance and superior scaling properties (when compared to SVM in particular).


An important challenge regarding peer's trust assessment in peer-to-peer (P2P) networks is how to cope with such issues as the fraudulent behaviors and the dishonest feedback behaviors from malicious peers, and the issue of inactive recommendations to others. However, these issues cannot be effectively addressed by the existing solutions. Thus, an incentive compatible reputation management model for P2P networks, named ICRM, is proposed to solve them. In ICRM, the metric of time zone is used to describe the time property of the transaction experience and the recommendation. Three other metrics such as the direct trust value, the recommendation trust value and the recommendation credibility, based on the metric of time zone are applied to express accurately the final trust level of a peer. Furthermore, the participating level is introduced as the metric to identify a peer's activeness degree. Theoretical analysis and simulation experiments demonstrate that, ICRM can effectively suppress the malicious behaviors such as providing unreliable services, or giving dishonest feedbacks to others in the P2P networks. What's more, it also can incent peers to offer recommendations to others more actively.


We have proved here that the expected number of real zeros of a random hyperbolic polynomial of the form , where is a sequence of standard Gaussian random variables, is . It is shown that the asymptotic value of expected number of times the polynomial crosses the level is also as long as does not exceed , where . The number of oscillations of about will be less than asymptotically only if , where or . In the former case the number of oscillations continues to be a fraction of and decreases with the increase in value of . In the latter case, the number of oscillations reduces to and almost no trace of the curve is expected to be present above the level if log .


In view of cushioning energy absorption of paper composite sandwich structures with sinusoidal corrugation and hexagonal honeycomb cores, the static yield strength and compression deformation were firstly analyzed by experiments, then the unit volume energy absorption, unit area energy absorption, and specific energy absorption were evaluated. Further, the influences of static compression rate, corrugation types, and honeycomb thickness on the cushioning energy absorption were respectively studied. The experimental observations show that the paper composite sandwich structures are crushed layer by layer due to the difference in the yield strength of sandwiches, and the honeycomb core is crushed after the collapsing of corrugation core. The three evaluation indices of cushioning energy absorption have similar change rule with the compression rate, corrugation types, and honeycomb thickness. The influence of static compression rate on the yield strength and cushioning energy absorption of the paper composite sandwich structure is not obvious. The composite sandwich structures consisting of paper corrugation sandwich with large inertia moment and honeycomb sandwich with large thickness have more excellent cushioning energy absorption, the B-corrugation can increase the unit volume energy absorption of paper composite sandwich structures by up to 18% than C-corrugation, and the 3-honeycomb can increase the unit volume energy absorption of paper composite sandwich structures by up to 32% than 2-honeycomb.


Cloud computing has the great potential to dramatically change the landscape of the current IT industry. Cloud services are provided based on user request. In cloud environment user's data are usually processed remotely in unknown machines that users do not own or operate. Control of user's data is reduced on data sharing under remote machines. Centralized monitoring applications are not suitable for highly dynamic data access environment. Data access management can be done through the cloud service providers. The Cloud Information Accountability framework used to keep track of the actual usage of the users' data in the cloud. It combines the aspects of access control, usage control and authentication. The data are sending along with access control policies and logging policies enclosed in JAR files, to cloud service providers. Current framework does not provide authentication and integrity. The proposed system focus on the accountability framework to be improved to provide authentication scheme for JAR files and combines the data and runtime integrity verification method. Log data analysis is provided with indexing and aggregation functions. The system includes the data and executable access control model. KeywordsCloud computing, Accountability, CIA Framework, JAR Files, Data sharing.


Objective To explore the method of total and near total removal of craniopharyngioma in children with ideal hypothalamic protection. The long-term life quality of these children were also followed up. Methods From April 1997 to December 2002, 202 cases of pediatric craniopharyngioma undertook surgery. Eight different approaches, including transcallosal-interseptal-interforniceal approach in 89 cases, transfrontal interhemispheric approach in 68 cases, pterional approach in 20 cases, others in 25 cases, were used to remove craniopharyngiomas involving the sellar region and the third ventricle. Active preventive and therapeutic measurements of hypothalamic dysfunctions were adopted pre- and postoperatively. One hundred and five cases were followed up with a term of 12 months to 6 years. Results 184 tumors were totally or subtotally removed (91.1%). Two cases died(0.9%). Major postoperative complications included: diabetes insipidus in 81.7% of cases, permanent diabetes insipidus in 11.4% of, blood electrolytes disorder in 74.8%, seizures in 9.4%. The first and fourth years after operation were the peak of death. Five years survival rate was 68.2%. Conclusion Appropriate approaches with direct tumor exposure should be selected to remove craniopharyngioma as much as possible. The anteroinferolateral wall of the third ventricle (hypothalamus) should be protected carefully. Active measurements to prevent and treat blood sodium disorder and seizures could help to reassure the safety of surgery. Postoperative radiotherapy could decrease the reccurence rate of craniopharyngioma.


This article examines the growing influence of Informational Communication Technologies (ICTs) in less certain refugee contexts and the role of civil society groups. Drawing on an empirical case study of Somali refugees in Kenya, the article explores the grassroots use of ICTs by refugee women and local socio-economic dynamics in processes of inclusion. Adopting a micro-institutional perspective, the discussion looks at the emerging influence of mobile technology on refugee women's precarious norms related to mobility and work, and the evolution of new digital norms. The article highlights the strategic role of women's groups and proactive group members as 'institutional entrepreneurs', in aiding levels of ICT adoption among group members, motivated by connection, protection and collective enterprise, with potential effects far beyond the group. In a transitory and fragile refugee context however, constraints on civil society may lead to the exclusion of more isolated populations without formal institutional support.


In this paper, a MMC based fuel cell (FC) system (MMC-FCs) is proposed for mobile power supply. The synchronous switch modulation based on high-frequency link (HFL) can realize the voltage control of DC bus of interconnected full-bridge. It also helps to suppress the fundamental and 2ndorder-frequency ripple current of the sub-module (SM), thus greatly reducing the size of the SM capacitor, so as to realize the lightweight of the system. The fuel cell system uses partial power control to regulate the output energy, which reduces the power and power loss of fuel cell conversion. In this paper, the topology of MMC-FCs, the principle of SM ripple current cancellation, the partial power conversion (PPC) mechanism of FC, the parameters of SM capacitance and FC partial power conversion are analyzed. The lightweight effect of the system is evaluated from the perspective of system volume. Finally, simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the scheme.


An automotive front subframe Aluminum side beam forming method, alternative implementations of the steel edge beam. 6XXX ingots system which comprises heating in a furnace and maintained Thereafter, profile extrusion, to obtain a square cross-section aluminum profiles, profile and quenching and aging treatment; for annealing the aluminum extrusion; of the curved device profile detour pipe; profile with the punch of the bending plane after priming process and the fitting hole aperture; position to avoid the interference and increase the local strength, and a hydraulic device using the mold of the front subframe profiles for side beam local forming, to give a preform workpiece; preform of the workpiece and the artificial aging treatment solution; workpiece shaping of the preform, to complete the shaping of the work piece; workpiece finishing and fine blanking process, so that the workpiece and other components It can be assembled.


Opendra HIV DNA vaccines are potent inducers of cell-mediated immune (CMI) response in mice but elicit poor HIV-specific IFN- (cid:2) producing T cells in monkeys and humans. In this study, we performed kinetic analyses on splenocytes of BALB/c mice that were immunized by a single injection with a unique DNA vaccine. Using IFN- (cid:2) -ELISPOT and multiparametric FACS analysis, we characterized the induced CMI response. We found that the response was detectable for at least 63 wk. ELISPOT detection of IFN- (cid:2) -producing T cells showed a profile with two waves separated by a long period of minimal response. Multiparametric FACS analysis showed two populations of CD3 (cid:1) CD8 (cid:1) T cells that were specific for all HIV Ags. These cells had similar robust proliferation abilities and contained granzyme B. However, only a few produced IFN- (cid:2) . Both IFN- (cid:2) -producing and non-IFN- (cid:2) -pro-ducing HIV-specific CD8 (cid:1) T cells were detected in the early stage (week (W)1 and W2 postimmunization (PI)), in the prolonged intermediate period of minimal response (W4-W26 PI), and in the final late phase of increased response (W30-W63 PI). Our longitudinal characterization showed that both subsets of cells underwent expansion, contraction, and memory generation/main-tenance phases throughout the lifespan of the animal. Altogether, these findings bring insight to the heterogeneity of the immune T cell response induced by a single immunization with this DNA and strengthen the concept that used of the IFN- (cid:2) -ELISPOT assay alone may be insufficient


The landing in the Florida Keys of Hurricanes Georges (Category 2) in 1998 and Irene (Category 1) in 1999, in combination with an ongoing radiotelemetry study of Florida Key deer (Odocoileus virginanus clavium), offered a unique opportunity to evaluate the impacts of natural disturbances on Key deer. We relocated 53 deer (female, n = 29; male, n = 24) during Hurricane Georges and 45 deer (female, n = 27; male, n = 18) during Hurricane Irene. One adult male drowned due to Hurricane Georges ( 15 ppt). In some cases, water-hole suitability did not improve until several weeks or months later. Our study suggests that mild to moderate hurricanes (Category 1-2) have little direct impact on the survival of Key deer; however, stronger storms (>Category 3) might have a greater impact due to stronger winds and greater storm surges (>3.5 m).


Ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs) represent a key component in seismic risk analysis, and the consideration of both aleatory and epistemic sources of variability may have significant influence on the overor under-estimation of the final assessment of losses. It has been observed that the development of new GMPEs over the past years did not improved the reduction of epistemic uncertainty, even though related knowledge is improved. A common approach to include epistemic uncertainty is to design a logic tree that proposes choices between various GMPEs with associated weights; although it is not necessarily the best suited for modelling epistemic uncertainty, as noticed by some authors. Recently, a simple and efficient model has been proposed by defining three representative GMPEs (lower, central and upper) to model epistemic uncertainty. The three GMPEs are derived from available median models. This alternative model is equivalent to the use of multiple GMPEs, provided the same range of epistemic uncertainty is sampled. The representative GMPE approach is tentatively applied to the European context for its application in risk assessment of critical infrastructures in the framework of the European-funded project INFRARISK. The resulting representative model is then confronted to actual ground motion records, which are selected from the European Strong Motion Database RESORCE. The proposed model enables a complex problem to be represented by a minimum number of branches for single-site hazard analysis and mapping.


Disclose a kind of method and apparatus for transmission and receiving channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS) in the wireless communication system supporting multiple antenna.The method comprises: the information transmission configured by one or more CSI-RS in base station is to mobile radio station, and wherein, one or more CSI-RS configuration comprises for a kind of CSI-RS configuration of its mobile radio station hypothesis non-zero through-put power for CSI-RS; Base station by instruction one or more CSI-RS configure among for its mobile radio station suppose zero through-put power be used for CSI-RS CSI-RS configuration information transmission to mobile radio station; Configure resource element CSI-RS being mapped to downlink subframe based on one or more CSI-RS in base station; And in base station, the downlink subframe being mapped with CSI-RS is transferred to mobile radio station.


Summary

A study is made of how electromagnetic induction in crustal conductivity anomalies affects the observed polarization characteristics of micro- pulsations. Use is made of a new linear technique of modelling conductivity anomalies in the Earth. This technique allows any curved interface between two layers of different conductivity to be modelled by using Fourier composition of solutions for a sinusoidal interface. Two particular models are studied, one representing a sedimentary basin on the surface and the other a buried fault. It is found that the polarization characteristics of long-period pulsations (>100 s) are only slightly affected by both models. However, although the buried anomaly has little effect on the polarization of medium- and short-period pulsations (< 100 s), anomalies near or on the surface can change their polarization characteristics considerably. It is concluded that more care should be taken in the siting of geomagnetic observatories and in the interpretation of micropulsation data.


The suppliers, which are one of the most important actors in the supply chain, have a significant effect on the performances of their customer firms. Hence, supplier performance evaluation has become a competitive tool in today's goods and service producing industries. This paper presents a supplier performance evaluation process developed using the Six Sigma Define – Measure – Analyse – Improve – Control (DMAIC) methodology. The proposed process has been applied in a central services company, where the suppliers had never been evaluated before. To this end, first of all, the evaluation criteria have been defined through brainstorming and meetings within the company, then weighted with Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), and categorized according to Kano's Model. Afterwards, suppliers have been scored and classified based on a proposed methodology using a modified version of Kano's model, and thus, the proposed process has proven to be useful in real life industrial applications. KEywoRDS AHP, Kano's Model, Six Sigma DMAIC, Supplier Performance Evaluation


Snow and ice samples (116 Nos.), collected from six snow pits and three twin boreholes along the axis of Grasubreen, the highest mountain glacier in Norway, were analysed for their salt content, fission fallout concentration and fractionation of Oxygen-18.
The sodium fallout varied from 0. 4to 1.9 ppm and could be related to the origin of precipitation from the west (maritime) or from the southeast and Northeast (Continental). Another feature is of resistivity and sodium concentration having a periodic variation with about18 years half cycle (cf. Bruckner period). The peaks of gross beta activity are well related to those observed In precipitation of 1958 and 1963. The tritium profiles for two boreholes in the accumulation zone shows distinctly that there is not much of mixing in ice of different years.
The fractionation of 180 from snow samples shows no systematic altitude effect. However, the 180 content of ice cores from one borehole shows some correlation with the average annual air temperatures for a neighbouring meteorological station.
Snow accumulation rates are determined from the fallouts and also Oxygen-18and a favourable comparison is obtained with the standard stake data.


A sensitive method was developed for the determination of serum polyamines, which consisted of (1) deproteinization with perchloric acid, (2) separation of spermidine from amino acids by CM-Sephadex C-25 column chromatography, (3) pre-column derivatization with orthophthalaldehyde, and (4) high-performance liquid chromatography on SP-5PW cation exchanger with fluorescence detection. The detection limit (S/N =3) of the present method was O.5 pmol per injection, which allowed the assay of spermidine with a small volume of serum. Linearity, recovery and reproducibility of the method were highly satisfatory. The concentrations of spermidine in sera were determined to be 93.2±31.2 and 83.0±27.9 pmol/ml (mean ± SD) for healthy men (n=22) and women (n::=18) vol-unteers, respectively, polyamines seems to give useful information on the efficacy of therapies and the recurrence of the diseases of Spermidine, a major polyamine in serum or plasma,ng' 3i) has been known to form a stable fluorescent adduct upon reaction with OPA alone sequentially in alkali and then in acid.3" zz) This fluorescence reaction is relatively specific and highly sensitive for spermidine, By using this reaction as a pre-column derivatization of spermidine, we developed a simple and sensitive HPLC method for the assay of serum spermidine.


The absolute governing of the traditional order ruler to the common crowd is isomorphic to the authorized diagnose of doctor to the patients in LU Xun's novel,both the political exorcism and medical exorcism are presented in his work.Each exorcism all is strangling the mad to death by the "the hero" and "the crowd".The ruler acts as both hangman and doctor,they not only depress the spirit,but also wreck the body of crowds.The misshape body imago is no other than the token of morbid society.


We tested a model of the path associations among sedentary behavior, physical activity, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obesity for moderating effects of medication


This paper discusses the development and implementation of universal grid analyzers (UGAs) with advanced feature such as, a high reporting rate, utilizing the IEEE C37.118.2011 communication protocol, and data compression technology. UGAs are distributional level, real-time, highly accurate, and GPS synchronized phasor measurement units (PMUs). More importantly, UGAs can also be treated as power quality analyzer which monitor the power quality factors such as voltage sag, swell, harmonics measurement, and signal to noise ratio. With the recently issued PMU standard IEEE P60255-118-1, the UGAs are modified and improved with higher reporting rate (Up to 180 frame per second), utilizing IEEE C37.118.2011 protocol, and data compression technology. Finally, a real world deployed UGA in Atlanta is taken as an example to verify the data accuracy and power quality of UGAs.


Nucleic acid drugs can treat diseases caused by defective or abnormal genes. Herein, the mechanism of non‐viral vectors for nucleic acid drug delivery is described. This review introduce non‐viral vectors for nucleic acid drug delivery, including the nucleic acid‐carrier conjugate, proteins and peptides‐based nanoparticles, polysaccharides, and other biological macromolecules‐based nanoparticles consisting of lipid nanoparticles, synthetic polymers‐based nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles, and organic–inorganic hybrid nanoparticles. Finally, the challenges and prospects of non‐viral vectors for nucleic acid drug delivery are discussed.


Race and ethnicity are terms often used interchangeably that describe two social constructs. Race can be defined as a classification of groups of people based on distinct physical features, whereas ethnicity can be defined as a group of people with similar national, cultural and ancestral origin.1 Skin of colour is a phrase that has been commonly used for over a decade in the United States and elsewhere to describe diverse populations with skin that is darker than skin of European ancestry.2 People with Southeast Asian, Arabian, African and Indigenous Australian ethnicity are some examples of populations included in this group.


Bacteriological assessment of five samples of bottled water marketed in Ibadan, Nigeria and same number of public tap water supply (other wise called tap water) in Ibadan city was carried out. The samples were tested for bacterial cells counts, presumptive coliform count and the isolates were characterised using selective media according to standard methods. While none of the bottled water samples contained coliforms, all the tap water samples contained coliforms which ranged from 4 to 80/100ml. Micro-organisms such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphyloccus aureus and Escherichia coli were found in tap water samples while Staphyloccus aureus was found in bottled water samples. It was concluded from the study that while bottled water appears to be better than tap water from the bacteriological point of view, the former may not be entirely wholesome as it can still harbour some micro-organisms. Keywords : bottled water, tap water, microbiological quality, bacteriological assessment, microorganisms Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 5(1&2) 2005: 1-4