Introduction.The process of adaptation and integration of foreign citizens in the host country is of high importance to ensure the balance of interests of community members. Representatives of various branches of knowledge (philosophy, sociology, psychology, law, pedagogy, etc.) are engaged in its study. Today social adaptation and integration of migrants are in the zone of special attention of the Russian state since steady development of our society is dependent on successful implementation of such policies. In this article the author analyses certain provisions of the draft Federal Law "On Social and Cultural Adaptation and Integration of Foreign Citizens in the Russian Federation and on Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation" prepared by the Federal Agency for Nationalities Affairs and submitted for public discussion.Materials and methods.The main research methods used hereinafter are theoretical analysis of the text of a regulatory act, analysis and synthesis of scientifc literature, methods of abstraction and induction, comparison and analogy as well as a formal logical method.The results of the study.An analysis of the content of the Draft Law made it possible to identify a number of provisions that seem to require adjustment. In particular, there is a need: - to clarify the defnition of the concepts of "social adaptation" and "social integration"; - to defne the concepts of "cultural adaptation" and "cultural integration" matching them with the concepts of "social adaptation" and social integration"; - to fnalise and systematise the list of measures set forth in the Draft Law as the conditions necessary for the success of the adaptation process and the integration of foreign citizens in the host country; - to adjust the terminology used by the legislator in relation to the activities carried out by the state. The author makes certain conclusions and provides due reasoning in the course of the analysis of the Draft Law provisions.Discussion and conclusion.Given the complexity of the process of adaptation and integration of migrants, its legal regulation is an extremely diffcult task for the legislator. At the same time such effor ts are vital as the lack of clarity of the legal norm, the ambiguity of the concepts used in the law often lead to a distorted interpretation and perception of the social phenomena.


Author(s): Brons, Dustin | Advisor(s): Dominguez, Ricardo | Abstract: The exhibition Dates and Times combines two bodies of work. Dates consists of inkjet prints of images made with a flatbed scanner of the inside covers of library books, which are open to display the due-date slips. Times consists of two large scale inkjet prints of digitally composited collages which combine scans of compositions made from folding the front page of recent editions of the New York Times. The accompanying paper discusses these works first in relation to photography and the index. The analysis of the work continues with regards to art-historical precedents and relationships to modernism and abstraction, and attempts to sketch out some implications that these associations present for a contemporary context. The paper begins with an overview of previous projects that I have worked on since beginning graduate school. These are described in order to establish certain underpinning concerns in my practice and to provide context for the work presented in the thesis exhibition.


Respiratory diseases are one of the illnesses that most affect the calves, which main microorganisms found are Manheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida and Mycoplasma spp . The aim of this study was to evaluate 60 calves (healthy and diseased) of Braganca Paulista and Presidente Prudente, SP, by clinical examination and collection of tracheobronchial wash, studying the most frequently isolated bacteria in cases of bronchopneumonia. We observed a frequency of isolation of 42% Bacillus spp, 25% for Sthaphylococcus intermedius , 7% Streptococcus spp, 7% Enterobacterias, 5% Escherichia coli , 3% Enterobacter cloacae , 2% Serratia rubidae , 2% Pantoea agglomerans , 2% Enterobacter aerogenes , and 2% non-fermentative bacteria. There was no isolation for Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida. For mycoplasmas, the isolation rate was 5%, with identification of M. dispar in 14,8 % and no of amplification for M. mycoides, subsp. mycoides SC, in  27 samples by PCR. With these preliminary results, it was concluded that M. dispar may be an important agent in appearance of cases of pneumonia in cattle, according to reports by other authors. The results above suggest a possible contamination of the sample due to the inhalation of these bacteria, which were present in the environment, as collect of the samples were aseptically.


Sudden price hikes of decades-old prescription drugs represent a market failure with far-reaching consequences, Sen Susan Collins (R, Maine), chair of the Senate Special Committee on Aging, said at a series of hearings on the subject (http://1.usa.gov/1rezDbf).

At the April hearing, retiree Berna Heyman described what happened when Valeant Pharmaceuticals bought the 2 main drugs for treating her Wilson disease, a potentially life-threatening genetic disorder in which the body cannot remove extra copper.


Identify and adopt common innovation success factors found within some of America's world-class organizations. In Innovation: Putting Ideas into Action , both small, less well-known companies and large, global companies demonstrate how successful ..


The present survey paper introduces the basic mode and characteristics of various locomotions and propulsion-generation mechanism of aquatic animals in nature, which utilize unsteady flow through a noble mechanism. The author hope to activate the domestic research interest on the fields of swimming in nature which has excellent performance and efficiency compared to the man-made marine vehicles.


Researchers have suggested that students often fail to use learning strategies that experts have found to be effective. The purpose of the present study was to obtain empirical evidence relating to this point,and to explore factors that may account for this phenomenon by focusing on 3 hypotheses:(a)a cost priority hypothesis,(b)an exam priority hypothesis,and (c)a hypothesis relating to a perception gap in effective learning strategies. In order to address methodological issues identified in previously published studies, both students'and experts'ratings were analyzed based on intra-individual variability in learning strategies. Self-reported data on math learning strategies obtained from Japanese secondary school students ( N =715)indicated that the students indeed did not necessarily use effective learning strategies that had been identified by the experts'ratings( N =4). Further analysis indicated that there was a gap between the students and the experts with regard to their perception of effective learning strategies;this provided supportive evidence for the perception gap hypothesis. The present findings suggest the importance of explicitly instructing students in effective learning strategies.


Recent advancements in learning Discrete Representations as opposed to continuous ones have led to state of art results in tasks that involve Language, Audio and Vision. Some latent factors such as words, phonemes and shapes are better represented by discrete latent variables as opposed to continuous. Vector Quantized Variational Autoencoders (VQVAE) have produced remarkable results in multiple domains. VQVAE learns a prior distribution $z_e$ along with its mapping to a discrete number of $K$ vectors (Vector Quantization). We propose applying VQ along the feature axis. We hypothesize that by doing so, we are learning a mapping between the codebook vectors and the marginal distribution of the prior feature space. Our approach leads to 33\% improvement as compared to prevous discrete models and has similar performance to state of the art auto-regressive models (e.g. PixelSNAIL). We evaluate our approach on a static prior using an artificial toy dataset (blobs). We further evaluate our approach on benchmarks for CIFAR-10 and ImageNet.


The presence of a large number of beach tents (kinds of pubs, restaurants, show establishment by the sea) in Praia do Futuro is an important aspect in order it can be understood within the contemporary urban dynamics. In recent years some tents expanded and passed through a change that resulted in a modification of the juridical meaning of the word beach ("public goods of people common use") anointed in the specific Brazilian laws. In contrast to the outsiders of "old beach", this redefinition is achieved more intensely by the owners of the tents-complexes established in the Association of Businessmen of Praia do Futuro (AEPF). The tents-complexes differ from the craft-tents concerning to architecture and regarding to stylish esthetic features, aspects that are well valued currently by the city marketing.


It made the load brackets design more economical and reasonable that Dbngfeng Eletric Ma-chiney Works exploited the Pio/Mechanica from the part "structure" of PTC Software corporation and the finite element methods to analyse stiffness, strength and stress deformation under the actual 晈orking conditions of the load brackets of hydraulic generators.


In Hawaii, soybeans planted in November through January will produce yields of 25 to 50 percent compared with those planted through June. Yield components were studied for several soybean cultivars to determine which one was the most sensitive to planting dates and if there were differences between cultivars.

Soybean cultivars, Amsoy 71, Davis, Forrest, Kahala, P.I. 297,550, and Williams were planted each month for two years. One November planting was lost, so there were 23 tests representing different environments. Each test consisted of 24 plots, six cultivars in four replications in a randomized block.

Analysis of variance of combined tests indicated significant differences between number of plants, pods per plant, seeds per pod, seed weight, yield of seed, plant height, and oil content of the seed that were due to data of planting, cultivar, and date × cultivar interaction.

Regression analysis indicated a closer relationship between pods per plant and yield during stress conditions (November through January plantings), whereas number of seeds per pod was more closely associated with yield during non-stress environments (April through June plantings).


The aim of this study was to produce thin films of ternary cobalt-nickel-iron (Co-Ni-Fe) alloy by electrochemical deposition method at different electrodeposition potentials in a sulfate solution (0.15 M CoSO4, + 0.2 M NiSO4 + 0.00 5M FeSO4). The Co-Ni-Fe alloy thin films were electrodeposited on indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) coated on a conducting glass substrate. Voltammetric studies indicated that potential range for successful deposition of Co, Ni and Fe was between -1.10 to -1.30 V (SCE). The energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis indicated that the films exhibited anomalous behavior with Ni content of the films significantly increased, whereas the Co and Fe content decreased as the electrodeposition potentials were made more negative. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) study showed that the electrodeposited films were uniform for all applied potential values and larger particles were formed when higher electrodeposition potentials were applied. Investigation by X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed that the dominant phase in the deposited film was amorphous Co-Ni-Fe. Hysteresis curves of the ternary alloy film obtained from vibrating sample magnetometer prove that the alloy is ferromagnetic. The coercivity mechanism of the Co-Ni-Fe films obeyed Neel's relation which is thickness dependent.


1. Black snake toxin produces irreversible paralysis of the isolated toad gastro-cnemius-sciatic preparation. 2. The rate of paralysis is slowed by lowering the concentration of toxin. 3. The paralysis produced by the black snake toxin is due to neuromuscular block. Conduction in the nerve is unaffected and the muscle is only slightly affected. 4. The neuromuscular block produced by the toxin differs from that of curare in that tetanus is well maintained and that paralysis is unaffected by prostigmine or potassium. 5. The neuromuscular block produced by the toxin differs from that of curare in that the motor end-plates remain sensitive to acetylcholine.


We have demonstrated in vivo three-dimensional imaging and estimated localized and quantitative hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SO2) of blood vessel by using a simple, easy to operate common-path Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) system. The common-path OCT system can be easily integrated with various surgical tools and we demonstrated its usefulness by imaging outer and inner intraocular tissues such as cornea and neurosensory retinal layers as well as detecting SO2 level from a chicken embryo. The system uses 800nm near infrared broadband light sources and has axial resolution as low as 3μm in air. Self-adaptive scanning mechanism with real-time surface recognition and feedback control was also applied to the probe where the scanning probe tracks the sample surface variance and effective imaging depth was largely extended to the probe's free-moving range.


Missed transfers affect urban transportation by increasing the travel times and decreasing the travel possibility, especially in the case of longer headways. A synchronised timetable can improve the transport efficiency of urban mobility and become an important consideration in the operation of urban transit networks (UTN). A mixed integer programming model is proposed to generate an optimal train timetable and minimise the total connection time, which includes smooth synchronisations for rail first-trains and the seamless synchronisation from rail first-trains to the bus service. Meanwhile, to characterise the characteristics of first-trains, binary variables are used to denote key transfer directions. Subsequently, the Sub-network Connection Method in conjunction with Genetic Algorithm is designed to obtain near-optimal solutions in an efficient way. Finally, a real-world case study, 16 rail lines and 41 transfer stations, based on the Beijing metro network and travel demand is conducted to validate the proposed timetabling model. Preliminary numerical results show that our approach improves the synchronisation substantially compared with the currently operated timetable.


The crime of human trafficking happen more frequently in Indonesia
especially related to women trafficking and children, including baby. The victims
are usually traded not only for sexual exploitation but also other exploitation
forms so that human trafficking is one of the worst violation of human dignity and
rights. Various modus were done by trafficker, one of them is illegally child
adoption that is child adoption without asking legalization in court. Adoption has
been regulated in legislation but the society didn�t know about the rules, so the
society were expected in the future know more about it rules as one of a way to
anticipate the existence of the crime of human trafficking with illegally child
adoption modus.
The aim of internship is to obtain Diplome in Law degree and applied
knowledge gained during following course. The benefits of internship such as the
author can know various cases occuring in society and their solutions, one of them
is the crime of human trafficking that often occurs in society so the author can
understand about legal service and access to public.
Judge consideration in making decision to the accused in case number
275/Pid.Sus/2013/PN.Btl more consider the juridical consideration than nonjuridical
consideration. In this matter, author agrees with judge consideration in
making decision in that case because judge choose the first alternative accusation
that relevant and logic with act of the accused that already filled elements of
Article 2 Paragraph (1) the Act number 21 of 2007 concerning Eradication of
Human Trafficking Crime so act of the accused rightful can be categorized as the
crime of human trafficking. Beside that, judge also already fulfilled the material
and the formal elements of penal in making decision, so it has been suitable with
the effective rules.


Image categorisation involves the well known difficulties with different visual appearances of a single object, but also introduces the problem of within-category variation. This within-category variation makes highly distinctive local descriptors less appropriate for categorisation. Difficulties because of the within category variation and clutter are tackled by modelling image fragments in a new manner. The authors propose a family of local image descriptors, called probabilistic patch descriptors (PPDs). PPDs encode the appearance of image fragments as well as their variability within a category. PPDs extend the usual local descriptors by also modelling the variance of the descriptors' elements, for example pixels or bins in a histogram. To compare two PPDs, and a PPD with an image, a new similarity measure called PPD matching score is introduced. For each object category, a set of representative PPDs is learnt. Images are represented as feature vectors of the best matching scores obtained for representative PPDs in images. Support vector machine classifiers are then trained on the feature vectors. PPDs are applied to image categorisation using machine learning where the features are the matching scores between images and PPDs. The authors experiment with two variants of PPDs that are based on complementary local descriptors. An interesting observation is that combining the two PPD variants improves the accuracy of categorisation. Experiments indicate that the benefits of modelling the within-category variation give results that are comparable with the state-of-the-art categorisation methods, and show good robustness with respect to noise and occlusions.


The present disclosure relates to a photosensitive optoelectronic device, the photosensitive optoelectronic device comprising a composite barrier layer is located between the acceptor material and the negative electrode, the composite barrier layer comprises: at least one electron-conducting material and at least one electron-conducting wide bandgap exciton blocking Floor. For example, 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic acid bis-benzimidazole (PTCBI), and 1,4,5,8-naphthalene tetracarboxylic dianhydride (NTCDA) inserted in the time between the receptor layer and the negative electrode acts as the electron conduction and exciton blocking layer. Both materials serve as an effective electronic conductors, leading to fill factor of up to 0.70. Compared to a similar device using a conventional barrier layer, by using the NTCDA / PTCBI composite barrier structure, to achieve improved power conversion efficiency, the conventional barrier layer exhibits through damage induced mid-gap states to the conduction electrons.


Drilling is a machining operation of producing cylindrical hole in solid work piece by means of revolving tool called drill bit. Twist drills are the tools used to carry out drilling operation by rotating the cutting tool. Coating the drill bit improves tool life, surface finish and hardness of drill bits. This paper compares the characteristics of HSS drill bit with Titanium Nitride (TiN) and Titanium Aluminium Nitride (TiAlN) coated on HSS for machining of EN8 material under dry machining condition. Parameters such as tool wear, surface roughness, and power required during machining of EN8 material for uncoated HSS and Titanium Nitride, Titanium Aluminium Nitride coated HSS drill bit are found out. Experimental results showed that tool wear was less in TiAlN coated HSS drill bit compared to uncoated HSS, TiN coated HSS. The surface roughness of the hole drilled using TiAlN coated HSS was found to be minimum compared to uncoated HSS and TiN coated HSS tool. Power required to drill holes was calculated and it was found that TiAlN coated HSS tool required more power to in comparison with TiN coated HSS and uncoated HSS tools. -tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} Internet has become an essential component of our everyday social and financial activities. Nevertheless, internet users may be vulnerable to different types of web threats, which may cause financial damages, identity theft, loss of private information, brand reputation damage and loss of customer's confidence in e-commerce and online banking. Website phishing can be described as mimicking a trusted website to obtain sensitive information from online users such as usernames and passwords. Black lists, white lists and the utilization of search methods are examples of solutions to minimize the risk of this problem. Phishing is a website forgery with an intention to track and steal the sensitive information of online users. The attacker fools the user with social engineering techniques such as SMS, voice, email, website and malware. In this paper we describe various parameters to detect website as phishing or legitimate along with surveying the existed work done in phishing detection. As feature extraction is the main part in this work, we have given various feature parameters from which one can choose the desirable parameters for further classification of input website as legitimate or phishing. In further work, we will explore this topic on a collected dataset and will propose an algorithm which can classify the websites as legitimate or non-legitimate


Fine commercial copper wire, attached with Formel varnish to a copper base, has sufficiently stable and reproducible resistance temperature characteristics to be used as a resistance thermometer in the temperature range 20°–320°K. Excellent thermal contact is achieved by this construction; hence, unusually large heat inputs to the thermometer can be tolerated. Resistance and temperature coefficient of resistance are tabulated and limitations of accuracy discussed.


Sweet potato is a kind of agricultural product which is rich in nutrition and health-promoting function, it also has a wide application range for processing. In this paper , we summarized the current status of the development of sweet potato processing in China, and found some problems of the raw material, storage and processing technologies. According to these problems exist, we putted forward some suggestions as well.


The prostate gland is an organ of the reproductive system that undergoes branching morphogenesis. Beginning during fetal life and continuing through puberty, there is a complex set of spatial and temporal events leading to mature gland development. In order to understand how abnormal prostate development occurs and to identify genes controlling branching morphogenesis and growth, normal development was previously mapped in several ways. Most commonly this involved the use of ductal spreads of isolated prostates and visualisation of branching using 2D images. Usually the number of main ducts was reported and/or the number of branch tips; occasionally stereological techniques were used. One of the main limitations of this older type of methodology relates to the 3D organisation of the gland, which is not represented in 2D images. We have developed a system to detect and quantify the normal patterns of branching morphogenesis in the prostate using confocal microscopy and computer-based algorithms. Using this system we measure the gland volume, branch length and the number of branches, branch points and branch terminal tips. Analyses of transgenic mice with a prostate phenotype identify the parameters affected by the modified gene and thus identify the mechanism of action of the genes on the branching process. Using this model system we report the differential effects of the aromatase and BMP 4 genes on branching morphogenesis that results in prostatic hypertrophy and hyperplasia.


In this paper, the impact of the environment between two communicating orbital angular momentum (OAM) antennas on the orthogonality of the OAM mode is investigated. Orthogonality means one mode's excitation cannot be created by combining other modes. If the orthogonality of the modes is perturbed, inter-mode interference (IMI) occurs between the OAM modes. The question is asked how to improve the environment to minimize IMI. OAM-based communication offers the potential to use orthogonal modes as separate communication channels, but certain environments limit this potential by introducing IMI. It is, therefore, advantageous to investigate the conditions under which IMI occurs. To that aim, the OAM wave transmissions through several environments will be explored numerically using a tool based on the method of moments. It is shown that the orthogonality of the OAM mode requires cyclic symmetry in the environment, and the deviation from this symmetry determines the strength and type of IMI.


Diffractive optical elements (DOEs) ? in general a complex pattern of micro- and nano-scale structures ? can modulate and transform light in a predetermined way. Their importance is being increased nowadays because they can be designed to handle a number of simultaneous tasks. In view point of machining DOEs, it is a big challenge to fabricate micro- and nano-scale structures on a free-form surfaces. In this paper, the state-of-the-art of the ultra-precision machine tools is reviewed. Also some technical issues which determine the machine tool accuracy are discussed.


The physical models and numerical solutions of the thermal-hydraulic subchannel analysis code ATHAS which has independent intellectual property rights were presented.Westinghouse 4-loop PWR core was simulated with the sub-channel analysis code ATHAS.By comparing obtained results of ATHAS code with COBRA-EN and THERMIT-2shows that ATHAS is capable to predict thermal-hydraulic parameter distribution in PWR core accurately.The work of this thesis can be taken as reference for the design and development of nuclear power plant thermal-hydraulic program in China.


We, women and men peasants, pastoralists, indigenous peoples and their allies, who gathered together in Nyeleni from 17-19 November 2011, are determined to defend food sovereignty, the commons and the rights of small scale food providers to natural resources. We supported the Kolongo Appeal from peasant organizations in Mali, who have taken the lead in organising local resistance to the take-over of peasants' lands in Africa. We came to Nyeleni in response to the Dakar Appeal, which calls (...)


Objective To study the effects of epigallocatechin gallate( EGCG) on nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells and expression of STAT3,and thus to further investigate the mechanism of EGCG in antinasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods CNE2 cells were treated by EGCG of different concentrations. MTT,Hoechst33258 staining and RT- PCR were introduced for assessment of the growth,apoptosis and STAT3 mRNA of CNE2 cells,respectively. Results Significant inhibition on CNE2 cell proliferation by EGCG was observed in concentration- and time- dependent manners( P 0. 05).The typical apoptosis bodies in CNE2 cells were observed. As the increase of EGCG concentration,the number of apoptotic cells was significantly increased( P 0. 05). The expression of STAT3 mRNA was also significantly down- regulated by EGCG in concentration- and time- dependent manners( P 0. 05). Conclusion EGCG inhibits the proliferation and in induces the apoptosis of CNE2 cells,probably via the induced down- regulation in STAT3 mRNA.


A disruption of endothelial barrier function is a predisposing factor for the development of atherosclerosis. The phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC) is a key signal of barrier dysfunction....


The authors propose a new method for improving terrain reconstruction from SAR stereo images. The method is based on preprocessing the original images by employing an optimal filter which suppresses speckle noise and enhances relief structures that are afterwards used by the matching process. In tests on X-SAR images of a rugged terrain in the Austrian Alps and Magellan images of Venus' surface, the preprocessing technique delivered better matching results than the conventional use of original SAR images.


Off-axis drawing of two different GLARE laminates was examined.Irrespective of the off-axis angle,the non-linear stage of GLARE from the linear stage appears as the yielding of aluminum alloy.For unidirection laminated plate,limit drawing strength and hardened index n reduce as off-axis drawing angles θ increased.Regarding unidirectional laminated plate,for the off-axis drawing angles θ15°,transverse cracks develop in the fibre/epoxy resin layers before the GLARE laminate fractures.Regarding the Orthogonal laminated plate,transverse cracks develop as 14° θ76°.The fracture phenomenon between the orthogonal and the unidirectional is different,the fracture mechanis is also different.


Some Hebrews in the New Testament got their names from the patriarchs,prophets or celebrities in the Old Testament.Under the influence of Greek culture and the rule of Roman Empire,other Hebrews had both Hebrew and Greek names,or Hebrew and Roman(Latin) names at that time.Besides,there were Greek and Roman people in the New Testament.As a result,Hebrew,Greek and Roman names exist side by side in the New Testament.Being aware of the cultural connotations of biblical names and their influence on western culture helps Chinese people study English and learn more about western culture.


The Mango Breeding Support project provided technical, research and development support to the Queensland-based, Australian Mango Breeding Program to develop and evaluate breeding systems and technologies that improve mango breeding efficiency. Adoption of efficient breeding support technologies will allow breeders to identify genes for desirable plant and fruit traits in parent varieties and incorporate those genes into new hybrid varieties more efficiently and rapidly.
The project compared traditional hand pollination methods with DNA marker assisted selection (MAS) open-pollinated methods to identify paternity and found both systems had advantages. Marker assisted paternity identification was not practical in all cases and relied on a greater range of technical skills and resources being available to the breeder. It is expected that MAS will become even more efficient when markers are available for production and quality traits in addition to parental identification.
Breeding for anthracnose resistance in mango is in its infancy. This project has identified several accessions in related Mangifera species with potential tolerance to postharvest anthracnose and tested the compatibility of these related species with the common mango and if the tolerance is transferable. The project investigated ways of determining a trees postharvest fruit disease resistance status in seedlings to avoid the up to 6 year wait for trees to crop.
Identification of genes and gene markers for plant development, stress response, fruit colour and flavour development was another goal of this project. Twenty five new expressed sequence tag (EST) derived single sequence repeat (SSR) DNA markers were identified and tested across a diverse range of germplasm. These markers were shown to be useful in determining genetic relationships, exploring potential pedigrees and estimating the genetic background of cultivated accessions of M. indica.
They are the first reported EST-SSR markers suitable to cross-amplify in five wild Mangifera species. The technologies that have been shown to be more efficient have been incorporated in to the Australian Mango Breeding Project. Other technologies being researched that are not yet fully developed to the stage where they can be adopted in a working breeding program are being progressed in other related research projects.


Abstract: Blind people and other visually impaired, physically disabled people in our society face difficulties in moving in daily life. Due to poor visibility, they often fail to detect surrounding obstacles and injure themselves. Due to blindness, involuntary abnormal movements, and lack of a timely rescue system, the degree of injury and other adverse effects are aggravated. One possible way to alleviate the suffering of blind and visually impaired person could be to design an assistive device capable of taking corrective action based on location, proximity and fall event information (if applicable). The goal of this research was to develop a costeffective, comfortable and easy to manufacture smart helmet for safe and smooth mobility for the blind person.


Materials and techniques u sed for two portraits ( Jo-nyeon L ee a nd S ung-in L ee) o f the Lee family from Seongju enshrined in Seongsan temple were scientifically analyzed, and based on the data, an optimal replica restoration method was designed. According to the expression technique investigation, both portraits were expressed mainly in line drawing, but there were differences in shoes, pupils, the color expression of flesh, overpainting, and traces of reinforcement. Pigment analysis revealed that a mixture of cinnabar and minium, organic pigment, azurite, malachite, lead white, and yellow pigment were used in common. In the case of Sung-in Lee's portrait, seokganju and atacamite were also used. In addition, comparison with the contemporaneous portraits of gentry showed that the portrait style at the time was found in the two portraits, but the singularity was modified differently there. Based on the scientific analysis, it was decided to replicate the old color restoration for Jo-nyeon Lee's portrait while for Sung-in Lee's portrait, it was decided to replicate the phenomenon. Detailed coloring techniques were presented by supplementing the expression techniques that are difficult to confirm visually using scientific data. In addition, by measuring the chromaticity of representative positions in the portrait for each color and presenting the color reference value calculated as the average value, the current color of the artifact can be replicated and restored based on the objective data as much as possible.


Using the proposed construction joint numerical model,static nonlinear analysis and dynamic nonlinear analysis were performed to study the influence of construction joint on the seismic behavior of reinforced concrete(RC) frame structures.Ultimate deformations,story drift angles and plastic hinges were investigated from contrasting frames with and without construction joint.The results show that the construction joint increases the deformations and story drift angles remarkably,and changes the distribution of story drift angles.Construction joint makes the plastic hinges incline to appear in the end of columns and the failure pattern of "strong beam and weak column" will emerge.In the areas with high earthquake intensity,the seismic resistance of the frame structures is overestimated if the effect of construction joint is not considered.


The kinetics of hydrolysis of aryl and alkyl 4-phenylallophanates to phenylurea and phenol or alchol are studied. Acid–base catalysis, deuterium solvent isotope effects, and entropy of activation provide good evidence for a changeover in mechanism from E1cB for aryl allophanates to BAc2 for alkyl esters. The parameters of the Hammett and Yukawa–Tsuno relationships for aryl esters and the non-linear Bronsted correlation with the pKa values of the leaving groups are in good agreement with the proposed mechanisms.


• Teach NZ, the Ministry of Education, and NZEI for this amazing opportunity to be challenged and refreshed throughout the sabbatical • Mr Langton, my first and only husband for his loyalty and belief that I am capable of doing anything I set my mind on with the guarantee of his support • Our children and grandchildren who kept the communication going when I was homesick and who cheered me on from Christchurch and Perth • The West Spreydon School Board of Trustees who are strategic and visionary and who believe that it is our job to provide the environment where every child can flourish and reach his/her full potential as a human being. They stood strong when the going got tough and remain loyal and supportive • Tricia Munro my P.A. who gave away high powered positions with diplomats and CEOs to work for peanuts in our school so she could support me to make a positive impact on the lives and learning of children. Her impromptu Irish dancing in the office, has kept me sane in moments of mayhem and our time in Singapore together is a cherished memory • Maata Smith and Jared Fretwell who stepped up to leadership in my absence and the remarkable staff at all levels of the school who worked above and beyond the call of duty with such ease and expertise that my absence had no impact on the school. I don't think they noticed I was missing! • Dr Gordon Neufeld Ph.D Clinical and Developmental Psychologist and the opportunities I have had to study with him through the Neufeld Institute and to apply developmental theory in our school • My Kahukura Cluster and MAC cluster principal colleagues for whom I have admiration and respect and thankfulness for the opportunities to problem solve, listen, learn and laugh together • Jane PerkinsLove ex school counsellor, and private practitioner in Developmental Theory and Howard Brayley who were my Canadian hosts and roadies


This paper identifies six key issues in utility integrated resource planning that are expected to influence a plan's societal value and discusses the first four, which are related to the planning process. They are: (1) the relative emphasis placed on supply- and demand-side resources throughout the planning process; (2) the breadth of inputs considered during plan preparation from various in-house departments and non-utility interests; (3) the criteria used to select options for resource plans; and (4) the uncertainty analyses used and their application to the resource selection process. A number of opportunities exist for utilities and their regulators to improve the planning process in order to increase the value of the resource plans that are produced. Specifically, utilities and/or their state regulatory agencies can: (1) conduct comprehensive assessments of demand-side management (DSM) resources, avoid unduly restrictive screening methods, and expand data collection efforts concerning current energy-use patterns and existing DSM program performance; (2) increase the involvement of regulators and other interested non-utility parties in the resource planning process through mechanisms such as public meeting and the establishment of technical advisory boards; (3) when evaluating the cost-effectiveness of potential demand-side resources, use the Total Resource Cost Test or Societal Test insteadmore » of the more restrictive Ratepayer Impact Test, consider the environmental effects of the resources considered, and examine the effects of the entire mix of resource selection criteria used; and (4) focus uncertainty analysis on key uncertainties over the short-term time horizon and make sure that the results of this analysis are used in resource selection. 20 refs., 1 fig.« less


A 27 year old man was hospitalised because of chest pain that had started eight hours earlier following an argument. On admission he was alert and his blood pressure was 120/80 mm Hg. …


ABSTRACT Aim: Objective of this study was to examine farnesol sensitivity of yeast to hyphaedimorphism in clinical isolates of Candida albicans.Study Design: Variations in virulence attributes contribute to variations in pathogenicity ofC. albicans. Ability to switch from yeast to hyphae morphology is an important virulencefactor. Farnesol, a quorum sensing molecule is known to play an important role in theregulation of C. albicans morphogenesis. Analysis of farnesol susceptibility of yeast tohyphae conversion may reveal a factor responsible for variation in pathogenicity amongclinical isolates of C. albicans.Place and Duration of Study: SCG Medical College & SGGS Memorial Hospital, andSchool of Life Sciences, SRTM University, Nanded, India. Duration of this study was,December 2008 to December 2010.Methodology: Fifty clinical isolates of C. albicans were recovered from body fluids (suchas, sputum, blood, urine, vaginal swab, tracheal swab, throat swab, feces, pus andcerebrospinal fluid, etc.) of patients with different clinical manifestations, in the tertiary careResearch Article


While the ethnic sports tourism enjoys continuous development in China,it suffers from slow exploitation,small scale and few brands.In order to solve these problems,it is necessary to change the way of thinking and carry out the strategy of "going out",as well as to insist on"bringing in".It is suggested that sports culture of ethnic groups go out of their own inhabited regions and get to some locations of tourists.Offering them tourism products of ethnic sports makes them enjoy this special tourism at home.The modes of "going out" can be "camping",brand sharing,"borrowing a ship to launch out",agent of products,complementation of resources,"make the spark product set the prairie ablaze".


5 This thesis aimed to uncover some of the more precise mechanisms by which genetic loci may influence neuropsychiatric susceptibility. I aim to identify genetic susceptibility for neuropsychiatric disorders using quantitative traits such as behaviour and neuroimaging parameters, which may help to index subclinical components present across several neuropsychiatric classifications. I probe specific neural networks/parameters of neurocognition; hypothesising to witness larger and more specific effects than assaying global parameters such as IQ and brain volume. I aim to uncover novel mechanisms by which some of the most intriguing genetic polymorphisms identified from recent genetic discoveries may modulate susceptibility. The first study provides evidence suggesting that a common genetic variant hypothesized to modulate dopamine levels (COMT), may account for individual differences in the brain's global valuation system, which may then mediate susceptibility to a host of neuropsychiatric illness characterised by deficits in reward processing. The second study provides evidence that genes identified by agnostic approaches (genome-wide association studies) may have a role in neurobiological pathways mechanistically linked to disorders such as schizophrenia/psychosis. I show a component of the working memory network for emotional faces is modulated by a variant on the ZNF804A gene in a manner that mirrors the disruptions seen in patients with schizophrenia. The third study demonstrates that a variant on the CLU gene may modulate susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease in a similar functional manner to well-established genetic variants such as APOE. The study contributes to a body of knowledge suggesting that using neuroimaging, it is possible to


Historically, although the first indications for the use of lasers in general were in dentistry, coming as a relief from the sound of the drill and mechanical contacts, it still seems somewhat that the entry in various ways of lasers in dentistry has been slower. This is somewhat true for the situation at the continents (e.g. USA much later approved the application relative to Europe). This paper analyzes the potential and existing applications of lasers in dentistry in a wide range of existing types, including interaction with dental tissues, in terms of surgical applications, on living tissue, the prosthetic area of applications and therapeutic doses. There is another special feature that can be recognized is the precise determination of the color of the material (teeth and prosthetics) and in general the determination of the composition of the material including classic, but also modern laser techniques (LIBS, complimentary techniques, tooth tissue, bone) and especially in the case of the first Q switch systems related to pain reduction, because the short pulse favors the intervention rate (ns, ps and fs). Special attention should be paid to modeling of interaction and analysis with the appropriate software support.


To characterize the auto-antibody against Koc for understanding its clinical significance in patients with can-ceis.Methods: Based on screening conditions on Koc (KH domain containing protein overexpressed in cancer) expression and purification, recombinant Koc was used as coating antigen for establishment of EUSA to detect anti- Koc of classes of IgM, IgG and IgA. Results: The positive rates of anti-Koc were related to types of cancers, showing higher rates in hepatocellular cancer, rectum cancer and lung cancer, middle rates in stomach cancer, and lower rates in esophagus cancer. The last one was not significant, compared with normal control. When positive samples were defined as being positive for anti-Koc in at least one of three classes of Ig, the positive rates of hepatocellular cancer, rectum cancer, lung cancer, stomach cancer, esophagus cancer were 56.7% , 52.8% , 50.0% , 25.5% and 15.8% , respectively. Their positive rates were significantly higher than that of IgM, IgG or IgA anti-Koc in these cancers. Conclusion: Synchrotron detection of IgM, IgG anj IgA is important and anti-Koc is a new valuable marker to diagnosis of tumors.


Majority of the current nuclear plants reactors are either close to the end of their 40-yea rs operating license, or already entering a granted extension period. Operators perform expe nsiv refurbishments to address the security and economical soundness of keeping the plants running until they reach 80 or more years. It will most probably be essential to have preventive in-situ continuous structural health monitoring techniques for aging plants. A powerful such tool is high temperature ultrasonic guided waves (UGW) for monitoring the plants pipework. A high temperature lithium niobate piezoelectric shear mode UGW transducer operating at 600°C has been developed and tested in this work. The electromechanical parameters of the transduce have been experimentally investigated as functions of temperature. The flaws detecti on capability of UGW in steel pipes at elevated temperatures has been studied using finite element analysis. The decreased transducers signals at elevated temperatures have been tackled by advanced signal analysis that has been done through pre-processing techniques, such as pattern recognition, along with signal focusing algorithms.


Objective: The CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg) can be induced by TGFβ and IL-10 in the periphery, and understanding the biological function of cytokine-induced Treg is critically important for the control of autoimmune diseases. We investigated the IL-4-induced CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in human PBMCs, which were derived from the CD4+CD25- T cells. Methods: The CD4+CD25- T cells from human PBMC were isolated by MACS and cultured in the presence of IL-4 or absence of IL-4. The presence and phenotype of induced CD4+CD25+ T cells were determined by flow cytometry. Supressive activity of induced CD4+CD25+ T cells were assessed by culturing CD4+CD25- and CD4+CD25+ T cells with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies and antigen-presenting cells, followed by proliferation. Results: After 5 days, significant amount of CD4+CD25+ T cells were generated from the CD4+CD25- T cells cultured with anti-CD3 antibody in the presence of IL-4. These IL-4 induced CD4+CD25+ T cells presented with similar phenotype to natural occurred Treg cells, including CD45ROhi, CD45RAlo, CTLA-4hi, OX40hi, CD62Lhi and HLA-DRhi, and also exhibited high expression of Foxp3 molecule. In addition, the IL-4 induced CD4+CD25+ T cells can suppress the proliferative responses against anti-CD3. The regulatory property of IL-4 induced CD4+CD25+ T cell was partially abrogated after treatment with anti-IL-10 and anti-TGFβ antibodies. Conclusion: These data indicate that IL-4 induced CD4+CD25+ Treg cells can be generated from the CD4+CD25- T cells in the peripheral blood, and may contribute to the important immunoregulatory function in human.


Readout and control of qubits are limiting factors in scaling quantum computers. An ideal solution is to integrate energy-efficient cryogenic circuits close to the qubits to perform control and pre-processing tasks. With orders of magnitude lower power consumption and hence lower noise, Single Flux Quantum (SFQ) and Adiabatic Quantum Flux Parametron (AQFP) superconductor logic families can reach ultimate performance at cryogenic temperatures. We have created a superconductor-based on-chip function generator to control qubits. The generated signal is modulated up to tens of GHz based on the external input waveform applied to the superconductor mixer stage. This circuit works at 4.2K. A radiofrequency (RF) matching circuit transmits the signal to the ~mK stage after digital amplification and noise reduction.


The genera Colobodes and Deretiosus of Japan are revised together with description of a new genus Deretiosopsis. New taxa described in this paper are as follows : Colobodes endai sp. nov., Colobodes kuniyoshii sp. nov., Colobodes ovipennis sp. nov., Colobodes rotundicollis sp. nov., Colobodes omatoideus sp. nov., Colobodes alboguttatus sp. nov., Deretiosus ishigakianus sp. nov., Deretiosus albicaudatus sp. nov., and Deretiosopsis nigrisetis gen. et sp. nov. Deretiosus angulicollis (Heller) and Deretiosus sellatus Heller are recorded from Japan for the first time.


We report here the measurement and results of the odd-parity autoionization spectra of YbI by the laser multistep excitation technique. More than thirty autoionizing levels were obtained. Our results were compared with previous ones obtained by single-photon absorption and electron collision excitation technique


The two temperature coupled equations, modeling thermal diffusion during laser-induced ablation of metals, are solved under the assumptions that the electron and the lattice heat capacities, and the thermal conductivity remain constant in the process. In view of its practical value, the solution is initially obtained for the energy sources with a Gaussian distribution. The solution is then generalized to include a larger class of source terms for comparison with other results. Present analysis is valid under less restrictive conditions than frequently imposed in the literature. In particular, the solution is valid for realistic source terms and describes the process for ultrashort to nanosecond pulse-width regimes. More general results obtained here retain the attractive features of other approximate solutions available elsewhere and reduce to them under the respective conditions. Predictions of the present model agree well with the experimental observations reported in the literature.


Hobart has a transport planning problem - or so it seems. Transport planning is a bit like being an expectant parent. Everyone has some advice. In the case of babies, these are a lot of experts out there because anyone who has raised kids has an opinion based on their experience. But dose being a road user make you a transport planning expert?


A band gap in the transmission spectrum of a finite two dimensional phononic crystal is examined in the time domain using pulsed ultrasonic fields. The phononic crystal consists of a hexagonal array of copper cylinders (r = 1.19 mm) in an aqueous matrix with a lattice constant of 2.9 mm. Measurements of the transmission properties of the sample are performed using ultrasonic wave groups of various center frequencies and bandwidths. Among the band gaps in the low-MHz range, we concentrate on the gap from 1.48 MHz—1.70 MHz. The phase velocity, group velocity, and attenuation coefficient spectra are determined and compared with expectations.


This is a modern classic on the mathematical physics of wave propagation. It. covers a wide range of problems having a common mathematical background, ranging from solid state physics to prop agation along electric lines, X-rays, rest rays, certain optical reflec tions, ekctrical engineering, and wave mechanics of the spinning electron. nealing with a general method and its application, the book covers one dimensional lattices and electric wave filters; complicated one dimensional lattices and electrical analogues; energy velocity, flow, and characteristic impedance; two dimensional lattices, and zones; three dimensional lattices, and Brillouin zones, with rationalizations of systems of forbidden and permitted energy; Mathieu's equation, Hill'S' equation, Mathieu's functions, matrices, and propagation of waves along ·an electric line; and continuous electric lines. The mathematical physics of the transistor and similar semiconductor devices· is considered. preface. Index. liography. illustrations. xii+ 255pp.


Sheehan's syndrome (SS) is a parturition-related pituitary disease resulting from severe postpartum hemorrhage and can present with varying degrees of pituitary insufficiency. However, Sheehan's syndrome though rare is still one of the commonest causes of hypopituitarism in developing countries. We present a case of hypovolemic shock due to uterine rupture found during labor who presented with hypothermia and hypoglycemia one week after delivery.


Background and issues that have been raised in this study is aimed to determine the
interpretation of Article 11 of the Law - Law number 42 of 1999 on Liability and
Fiduciary Registration knowing Juridical basis for financing company that does not
charge Fiduciary is not included in the corruption as well as knowing the reason that the
Principal Agreement made under the hand can not be attributed to the State Losses in
Non-Tax Revenues (non-tax revenues).
The preparation of this thesis using the methods of literature (library research) to find
data data both primary data sourced from the opinions and thoughts of the resource
persons penelittian and also secondary data obtained from books - books, articles -
articles, internet sites, newspapers and regulations Regulations - Invitation relevant to
the issues raised.
From the research results it can be concluded First , there is a distinct separation
between the Basic Agreement and the Agreement Followup . For financing company
that does not charge objects with Fiduciary made in a Principal Agreement either under
hand or under Deed and the finance companies that charge to be made in the form of
Fiduciary Fiduciary Deed . Second, the financing company that does not charge
Fiduciary can not be said to have an element of corruption as referred to in the Act 31 of
1999 Act No. 20 Jo . Year 2001 on Eradication of Corruption with no reason to object
to the Fiduciary dibebankanya showed that the absence of movement of charge or
money with the potential into the state Treasury who is State property . Third , the
Principal Agreement is made in the notary deed or not an option for the parties to make
it fit the principle of freedom of contract and not contrary to the Law No. 42 Year 1999
on Fiduciary.


Based on in-depth analysis of the categories of "professional competence", "readiness for professional activity", "partnerships", analysis of the personal characteristics and the specific activity of a social pedagogue, the authors defined the component of the readiness of the expert to the partnership; the authors present understanding of the key concepts of the problem.


: In this article, we describe a multi-year writing intervention in a high-enrollment professional pharmacy course, implemented by a multidisciplinary team of pharmacy and writing instructors. Built around one capstone writing assignment, the "drug information question" paper, the intervention was designed to specifically improve students' writing and health science reasoning skills and their overall scores in the course, since historically students scored low on this assignment. We provide a background of our pharmacy program and an overview of writing in pharmacy, describe the history of the intervention and collaboration between pharmacy and writing faculty, and explain the design and principles of the intervention, the results, and the implications of the study for STEM writing pedagogy. Over the course of four years, starting with a peer-review model, we have gradually added lectures, workshops, and optional and mandatory Writing Center sessions in an effort to improve students' learning and health science reasoning skills. Over the same period of time, student scores on their written capstone in the course improved significantly, and survey results indicated that the students viewed the peer review process and the writing program interventions favorably.


Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) has attracted much attention from the material community, because of its ability to produce ultrafine grained microstructures. The advantage in ECAP is that a large amount of strain can be imposed on the material without a significant change in geometric shape or cross section. In the present work, the effect of ECAP on the ageing of aluminum 6063 alloy was studied. The samples were first solutionized, followed by ECAP and were then aged at a temperature of 175°C. Multipass pressings were conducted on the billets for different processing routes such as routes- A, BA, BC and C. The pressings were performed at room temperature using a die having a channel angle of 150°. Post ECAP ageing was found to reduce the ageing time considerably till three passes.


Lithium (Li) metal has been extensively investigated as an anode for rechargeable battery applications due to its ultrahigh theoretical specific capacity and the lowest redox potential. However, significant challenges including dendrite growth and low Coulombic efficiency are still hindering the practical applications of rechargeable Li metal batteries. It is demonstrated that long‐term cycling of Li metal batteries can be realized by the formation of a transient high‐concentration electrolyte layer near the surface of Li metal anode during high rate discharge process. The highly concentrated Li+ ions in this transient layer will immediately be solvated by the available solvent molecules and facilitate the formation of a stable and flexible solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer composed of a poly(ethylene carbonate) framework integrated with other organic/inorganic lithium salts. This SEI layer largely suppresses the corrosion of Li metal anode attacked by free organic solvents and enables the long‐term operation of Li metal batteries. The fundamental findings in this work provide a new direction for the development of Li metal batteries that could be operated at high current densities for a wide range of applications.


German breeding organizations started a long-term project of whole-herd genotyping, called KuhVision, in 2016. The main goal of the project KuhVision was to establish a cow reference population for more accurate genomic prediction. In addition to recording of currently evaluated traits, more than half of the participating herds recorded also direct health traits. A conventional genetic evaluation for the health traits has been set up and running for German Holsteins for several years. The health traits included clinical mastitis, six claw traits, three reproduction and three metabolic health traits. To increase the size of genomic reference population for the novel health traits, genotyped cows were added to the current reference population composing only genotyped bulls. For April 2019 genomic evaluation, 100,319 or 67,994 cows were included in the German Holstein reference population for clinical mastitis or digital dermatitis, respectively. In contrast to the newly recorded health traits, calf fitness, defined as survival of female calves from day 3 to 458, had a much larger reference population containing 298,499 female calves and 10,424 bulls. Genomic prediction of the health traits was optimized and validated via Interbull GEBV test. Reasonable increase in R2 values was observed for the health traits from the conventional EBV to the genomic model, despite a short history of whole-herd cow genotyping. Phenotypes of youngest genotyped cows that were not included in the mixed reference population were compared in four groups that were defined based on their candidate GEBV. A strong association was observed between their early candidate GEBV and later own phenotypes. Since April 2019, the mixed bull and cow reference population has been used in routine genomic evaluation of the health traits for German Holsteins.


In a 1902 North American Review article, United States Commissioner General of Immigration Terence Powderly called for stricter health controls on arriving aliens. Powderly cautioned that unless "proper precautions" were taken to detect two contagious diseases—trachoma, an eye infection, and favus, a dermatological disease of the scalp—the future American might be "hairless and sightless." He called upon Americans to refuse to allow their country to become "the hospital of the nations of the earth" (Powderly, 1902).


Early detection of COVID-19 infected patients is essential to ensure adequate treatment and reduce the load on the healthcare systems. One of effective methods for detecting COVID-19 is deep learning models of chest X-ray images. They can detect the changes caused by COVID-19 even in asymptomatic patients, so they have great potential as auxiliary systems for diagnostics or screening tools. This paper proposed a methodology consisting of the stage of pre-processing of X-ray images, augmentation and classification using deep convolutional neural networksXception, InceptionResNetV2, MobileNetV2, DenseNet121, ResNet50 and VGG16, previously trained on thelmageNet dataset. Next, they fine-tuned and trained on prepared data set of chest X-rays images. The results of computer experiments showed that theVGG16 model with fine tuning of the parameters demonstrated the best performance in the classification of COVID-19 with accuracy 99,09%, recall=98,318%, precision=99,08% and f1_score=98,78. This signifies the performance of proposed fine-tuned deep learning models for COVID-19 detection on chest X-ray images.


Since the late 19th century the design of tramway tracks in streets has remained remarkably static. A mass concrete foundation supports grooved girder rails bolted together with gauge bars. The highway pavement is made up with setts, concrete or blacktop. With new tramways being proposed in many places, that track design has a number of limitations: the need to reduce: under street utility plant relocation, stray currents, ground borne vibrations and long possession periods needed to reconstruct the street and install the tracks. Over the years variations of this theme have been tried, with shallower rails, thinner foundations and encapsulating the rails. None has removed all the limitations. The new LR55 track design has a top suspended rail, bonded with an elastomeric polymer into pre-cast concrete foundation troughs, which are only 180mm deep and 380mm wide. Trenches in the highway pavement are 400mm wide and 200mm deep to take the LR55 foundation troughs and minimise the need to relocate under street plant. The bearing pressure on the base of the troughs is low, and does not require any further pavement strengthening. The paper reports on the testing, both cyclic and to destruction of the LR55 tramway track form, which attempts to address the limitations of existing designs. As well as laboratory testing, field trials have also been completed and these are reported. For the covering abstract see ITRD E122683.


This chapter groups relevant studies under four major headings. The headings reflect what appear to be major foci of interest among researchers into the pragmatics of modern English speech margins. The chapter deals with taxonomic concerns such as functional and formal concerns and with the phenomenon that has become known as the 'Conversational Historical Present' (CHP), namely, the tendency among vernacular oral reporters to tag past speech acts with present tense report verbs. It groups together numerous studies concerned with variation in constituent order, sometimes known as inversions. The functional approach classifies the multiple dimensions of the speech event, and the numerous goals of the reporter of that speech event. The chapter showcases several functional taxonomies of the event-centered and reporter-centered communicative goals of speech margins. Most of these taxonomies gave special attention to the speech verb.Keywords: Conversational Historical Present (CHP); formal concerns; functional taxonomies; modern English speech margins; pragmatics


In a collective monograph authors explore problems of European social and political life connected with the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020–2022. Issues of civil society, system of higher education and religious institutes are examined. Chapters of the book touch upon internal political situation in the majority of European countries and regions such as Great Britain, France, Sweden, Greece, Norway, South-Eastern Europe. Authors come to a conclusion that COVID-19 highlighted problems in medical, social and economic spheres of the majority of European countries and unpreparedness of political structures to tackle the multi-faceted threat of the global pandemic.


Plasma heating using compressional Alfven waves ["fast waves" (FWs)] in the ion cyclotron range of frequencies is a well-established technique in magnetic confinement devices and is part of the ITER day-one heating systems. The large plasma/FW antenna distance foreseen for ITER implies a light antenna load resistance, which will necessitate an antenna rf voltage stand-off near the upper end of what has been demonstrated in experiments. In view of the uncertainties in the far scrape-off layer density profiles in ITER, a crucial point is the rate of decay of the antenna loading as the plasma/antenna distance is increased. In this work, detailed measurements of the resistive and reactive components of the FW antenna loading in DIII-D are compared with predictions from the TOPICA code and from simple slab models of the edge plasma region. Edge density profiles measured with X-mode reflectometers are used in the code calculations. The loading obtained in dynamic scans of the plasma/antenna distance under both L- and H-mode conditions is compared with TOPICA calculations, and very good absolute agreement between the measured and predicted loading is obtained without any adjustable parameters in the TOPICA model. These results indicate that a quantitative understanding of the FW coupling process is in hand, given a precise knowledge of the edge density profiles. Consequently, TOPICA may be used to optimize ICRF antenna designs


Abstract There exist some problems in energy saving target responsibility, such as low fairness and efficiency, unreasonable goal setting, high execution cost and other issues. Urban energy efficiency evaluation should adapt forms of persuasion disclosure as well as appropriate incentive .This paper puts forward the urban classification and benchmark system of energy efficiency ,the central government plan to classify the cities and use the benchmark to evaluate the level of energy efficiency ,directly determine the urban energy saving target, city government do statistics on the energy consumption data, make report of energy efficiency, learn the management experiences and promote the energy-saving technology, thus all the assessment results will be open to public.


reach out to her colleagues at the Florida State University Music Library (FSUML), who recommended the use of an Epson Expression 12000XL Photo scanner. This scanner type worked well because it was easy to use and provided flexible options to handle scores in large-formats and different types of paper. After scores were scanned, digital copies were generated and deposited into ContentDM, the institutional repository software used by Troy University. At this point, assigning metadata became necessary to provide access to the collection, but given to Ruth's lack of musical expertise, the selection of metadata fields was not evident. In consequence, Ruth decided to perform some research and reach out to her colleagues at FSUML one more time. They helped by directing her to their metadata application profile, also known as a digital dictionary. From the application profile, Ruth selected fields that would be useful to potential users of the collection, such as: creator and contributors to represent composers and arrangers, instrumentation for specific instruments, and Library of Congress subject headings for topics. The collection is currently available at the Alabama Mosaic repository at http://www.alabamamosaic.org/. At the end of the presentation, Ruth wrapped up with an evaluation of the project, including lessons learned and potential improvements for the future. Some of the lessons learned included: being careful with what is promised to donors, documenting the agreement with donors before starting any work to avoid future misunderstandings, and realizing that reaching out for help is ok, none of us know everything. Potential improvements for the future included: hiring a music student to assist in the processing of scores, documenting the procedures to establish consistency, and defining the metadata fields at the beginning of the project, so that metadata can be applied during the scanning process and not afterward.


Chronic topical anticholinesterase (anti-ChE) treatment of the eye decreases the miotic effectiveness of the anti-ChE agent itself and causes a marked subsensitivity to the miotic effects of cholinomimetic drugs. Parasympathetic denervation of the eye eliminates the miotic effects of anti-ChE agents and renders the iris supersensitive to cholinomimetics. Chronic anti-ChE treatment has no measurable effect on the sensitivity of parasympathetically denervated eyes to carbachol and piocarpine and facilitates rather than decreases their sensitivity to methacholine. Cholinergic subsensitivity can be induced in parasympathetically denervated eyes when a continuous local supply of acetyicholine is provided in these eyes by daily intravitreal deposition of acetylcholine throughout the period of pretreatment with the anti-ChE agent. Repeated intravitreal injections of hemicholinium-3 into normally innervated eyes leads to a partial supersensitivity to cholinomimetics, or minimizes the anti-ChE-induced subsensitivity. Reduction of central parasympathetic outflow to the iris by light deprivation prior to and throughout the anti-ChE treatment also minimizes the development of subsensitivity. Similar stimulus deprivation without anti-ChE treatment leads to the development of a partial supersensitivity to miotics which is somewhat lesser in extent than denervation supersensitivity. Exposure of cats to environmental lighting conditions of higher than normal intensity results in a pronounced shift to the right in the pilocarpine dose-response curve. It is concluded that the sensitivity of the iris sphincter to cholinomimetics is a continuous function which is controlled by the long-term local concentration of acetylcholine at the site of the target organ.


Abstract : Low-grade breast cancer is associated with increased differentiation and reduced metastases, suggesting that reprogramming tumor cells to a more differentiated state could improve outcome. Utilizing a novel differentiation therapy approach, We have reprogrammed aggressive, basal, triple-negative Breast Cancer (BrCa) (generally with poor prognosis) towards a less aggressive phenotype by manipulating expression of the key mammary luminal differentiation transcription factor, GATA3. GATA3 is essential for programming undifferentiated mammary cells into a luminal subtype while myoepithelial/basal cells fail to express GATA3. Significantly, GATA3 expression is highly correlated with the luminal, more differentiated BrCa phenotype. We hypothesized that ectopic expression of GATA3 in metastatic, basal BrCa cell lines will reprogram them to a more differentiated, less metastatic phenotype. Over-expressing GATA3 in human basal-type MDA-MB-231 (231-GATA3) breast cancer cells induced significant morphological changes in 2- and 3-D cultures compared to control cells (231-Empty). 231-Empty cells maintained a spindle, elongated morphology, while 231-GATA3 cells became rounded and larger. In 3D Cultrex, 231-GATA3 cells appeared smaller, more organized, and rounded compared to 231-Empty cells. Microarray profiling of 231- GATA3 vs. 231-Empty cells revealed gene expression changes associated with increased adhesion, reduced extracellular matrix remodeling factors and reduced metastasis. Western blot confirmed reexpression of E-cadherin and an increase in cytokeratin-18 in 231-GATA3 cells, indicative of a more luminal phenotype. 231-GATA3 cells showed reduced LOX expression by real time PCR and knock down of GATA3 in the luminal BT474 cell line increased LOX expression. This demonstrates for the first time that GATA3 is an important differentiation factor that reduces the metastatic potential of MDA-MB-231. Ultimately, t


To study the precision of the discrete beam model of the balance suspension leaf spring,the models of three kinds of heavy vehicle balance suspension are set up.And the stiffness of the balance suspensions is also calculated in the classic method.Compared the calculation results of discrete beam models and classic method,it is found that the stiffness getting from discrete beam models is about 55%larger than the theoretical stiffness.After analyzing the cause of error,a correctional method is proposed.The difference between the stiffness getting from correctional discrete beam models and calculation result of classical method is less than 5%.The correction method is significant for promoting the wide use of the discrete beam method,and ensures to establish a reasonable model which conforms to the realistic mechanical properties of leaf spring.


Aiming at the positioning problems existing in rail transit system, this paper proposes an intelligent image recognition and positioning algorithm, which adopts deep learning technology to identify vehicles. And, through field test, the experimental results show the effectiveness of the algorithm. Its implementation cost is significantly lower than the existing equipment and can meet the requirements of the existing engineering practice.


Historical Dictionary of Modern Japanese Literature and Theater presents a broad perspective on the development and history of literature-narrative, poetry, and drama-in modern Japan. It focuses specifically on the years since 1868, when Japan opened its doors to the West and underwent remarkable and swift changes as it sought to become a modern nation. It offers both a historical overview through its chronology, introduction, bibliography, and over 400 cross-referenced dictionary entries.


Based on a unique panel dataset covering consumption of organically and conventionally produced fruits and vegetables in the years 2005 - 2007, we examine whether positive information that link health and consumption of organic fruits and vegetables and negative information about pesticides in conventional fruits and vegetables can change demand for organic foods to such an extent, that it can be used in marketing strategies of organic fruit and vegetables to different types of consumers. Using the double hurdle model we estimate price elasticities and partial effects of these two types of information for six organic segments of Danish households, where three are positively minded towards organic foods and three are either indifferent or negative. Furthermore due to detailed registration of the media habits of the panel members we have the possibility to analyze the effects of directly obtained information and compare it with indirectly obtained information, measured through an aggregate index. The results suggest, that the market for organic fruits is immature while the market for organic vegetables is considerable larger and more mature since also negative segments purchase organic vegetables with considerable frequency. Directly obtained negative information has a rather large effect of the probability of being an organic purchaser while indirectly obtained positive information increase the expected quantity share for those already being an organic purchaser. Both positive and negative segments are influenced by both types of information.


Exogenous H2S donor, sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), can influence the bleomycin‐induced pulmonary fibrosis by attenuating the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) of alveolar epithelial cells, but whether NaHS affects paraquat (PQ)‐induced EMT and the molecular mechanisms remain unclarified. The aim of the present study is to examine the effect of exogenous NaHS on PQ‐induced EMT in human alveolar epithelial cells (A549 cells) and assess if this effect occurs through regulating transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathway. The expressions of endogenous H2S producing enzymes, namely cystathionine β‐synthase, cystathionine γ‐lyase and 3‐mercaptopyruvate sulfur transferase, were detected by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. The induced EMT was assessed by morphological and phenotypic characterizations, and the protein level of E‐cadherin and vimentin were detected by western blotting. To investigate the effect of NaHS on PQ‐induced EMT and potential mechanism, A549 cells were pretreated with NaHS before incubating with PQ and then evaluated by morphological changes, cell migration ability, the expression of EMT markers and TGF‐β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathway related proteins. PQ significantly downregulated the expression levels of cystathionine β‐synthase and cystathionine γ‐lyase, but not 3‐mercaptopyruvate sulfur transferase, in a time‐dependent manner in A549 cells. Exogenous NaHS could significantly retard PQ‐induced morphological changes and cell migration ability. Furthermore, exogenous NaHS significantly upregulated the expression of E‐cadherin, whereas it downregulated the expression of vimentin. In addition, exogenous NaHS could also significantly attenuates PQ‐induced TGF‐β1, phosphorylated Smad2/3 proteins expression, which induced by PQ in a time‐dependent manner. This study provides the first evidence that exogenous NaHS attenuates PQ‐induced EMT and migration of human alveolar epithelial cells through regulating the TGF‐β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathway.


The introduction of —P(O)(OH)2, —P(O)(OH)2/—F, —C(O)CH3, —C(O)H and —S(O)2OH functional groups on copoly(styrene/butadiene)via epoxidation makes the polymer substrates capable of hydroxyapatite, calcite or α-CdS nucleation and further crystal growth.


This paper introduces the object\|oriented analysis of a fire safety evaluation system. The analysis model that is based on VMT is presented.


The missile cabin is unable to be fabricated by normal RTM(Resin transfer molding) in one step for its large size and complicated internal structure.The bladder assisted RTM was used to fabricate the missile cabin in this paper.This process does not need a metal mandrel,the whole mold is light and the component consolidation is apparent by the inflated bladder pressure.The results show that the fiber volume fraction of the specimen formed by bladder assisted RTM reaches 61%,and the tensile strength and the flexural strength are improved by 25% and 26% respectively compared to that by normal RTM.The missile cabin ultimate axial compression load and ultimate flexural load reach 130% and 132% of the target ultimate load.


The author examines the effectiveness of a commercially available electronic student response system in the one-year organic chemistry lecture sequence during the three quarters of academic year 19...


Aspergillus tamani accumulated about 20 μmoles of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) in 1 g of dry cells when cultured secondarily in a medium containing more than 10 mm of l- methionine. The accumulation was not so high when l-methionine was replaced by d- methionine. Addition of nucleic acid-related substances was not effective for the accumulation. Addition of d, l-ethionine in place of methionine caused accumulation of S-adenosylethionine (SAE) in place of SAM. Among 100 strains of molds tested, a number of strains belonging to the genera Penicillium, Aspergillus, Rhizopus and Mucor could accumulate SAM in their mycelia. Especially Mucor jansseni had the highest ability; it accumulated 45 μmoles of SAM in 1 g of dry cells.


A novel, very simple technique for the direct adjustment of the slope of facets in a reactive ion etching process is presented. The etching process is performed by screening the sample partially with an aluminum shadow mask, which is located inside the dark space of the plasma. The sidewall angle of etched lines, defined by a pattern mask on the sample, depends strongly on the distance between the shadow mask and the sample. The investigations are carried out with a methane‐hydrogen plasma. The angle of inclination of the sidewalls can be varied in a controllable manner by more than 45°. This technique is well suited to fabricate 90° reflectors, which are necessary for three‐dimensional optical interconnects with planar waveguide structures. To analyze the optical quality of the etched mirror plane, the beam transformation was investigated by reflectivity measurements using a single aluminum‐evaporated mirror structure, which is illuminated by a focused laser beam at a wavelength of 633 nm.


In this special issue of Neuroscience Bulletin, the topics range over emerging techniques from the nanoscopic to the macroscopic scales. At the nanoscopic level, new ways to obtain images at the individual protein level in synapses take the reconstruction of synaptic architecture to a new level, while using chromophores to disable specific proteins at selected subcellular locations allows the assessment of their functional roles in such dynamic processes as growth-cone extension and cell division. The subtle influences of axonal channels and receptors on neurotransmission are revealed by recording from the blebs induced by axotomy, while methods from cloning to chemical computation are being applied to dissecting the structural-functional rules by which ion channels operate. At the macroscopic level, the network of networks in the human brain in health and diseases being constructed in the "brain-net-ome" initiative requires new tools to handle the vast quantities of data, such as multi-voxel pattern analysis and its potential for a form of "mind-reading", new approaches to localization, especially in brain disease such as epilepsy, and novel tasks to activate and expose the networks underlying higher functions such as attention. While multi-electrode arrays and optogenetic techniques that allow remarkable spatial and temporal control of stimuli and responses are as yet far from application in humans, their development in animal models for studies of such key issues as neuronal plasticity and the sequelae of stress provide essential information for understanding the human condition. We hope that this collection of thoughtful, exciting, and thorough papers on new and emerging techniques will encourage and stimulate, no matter which level of resolution our readers are working at. After all, our ultimate goal is to generate a concept that integrates events at all levels of analysis and explains how the brain does what it does.


Summary The mechanism of the development of tension following limb injuries is discussed, particularly in relation to circumferential burns. The importance of elevation and, where necessary, incision to relieve tension, is shown in five case histories. Attention is drawn to those signs which have been found most reliable in indicating the need for incision.


Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and toxicity of recombinant human Ad-p53 pleural injection(rAd-p53)combined with cisplatin in treatment of non-small cell lung cancer with malignant pleural effusion.Methods A total of 38 cases of non-small cell lung cancer with malignant pleural effusion were randomly divided into the treatment group(n=21) and the control group(n=17).On the basis of systemic treatment(Gemcitabine 1.0 g/m2,Days 1,8,every 3 weeks),the intrathoracic injection of rAd-p53(1×1012 VP)and cisplatin(30 mg/m2)once a week for 4 weeks were given in the treatment group.The control group were given the intrathoracic injection of cisplatin(30 mg/m2)once a week for 4 weeks only.Results The total effective rate in the treatment group was significant higher then that in the control group(80.95% to 47.06%,P0.05).The improvement rate of patients general state in the treatment group also increasd more then that in the control group(66.67% to 29.41%,P0.05).The main toxicities of patients in the two groups were fever,stethalgia,nausea,vomiting and leukopenia.The fever reaction in treatment group was appeared more then that in the control,but most manifesting self-limited fever(P0.05)which disappeared automatically after 36 hours.Conclusions rAd-p53 and cisplatin is safe and effective treatment to non-small cell lung cancer with malignant pleural effusion,which is worthy of application in clinical.


One of the promising solutions to combat wireless channel fluctuations in IEEE 802.11 networks is to appropriately exploit multi-rate capability of the physical layer. The mechanism to adaptively select actual transmission rates based on channel condition is generally referred to as RA (rate adaptation). Recently, T-RA (throughput-based rate adaptation) has been proposed to maximize system capacity. On the other hand, for multimedia traffic, E-RA (error-based rate adaptation) has been proposed, which guarantees target error rate. In this paper, we newly propose S-RA (service-based rate adaptation) which dynamically selects an RA method suitable for the traffic type of transmission packets. T-RA is employed for best-effort data while E-RA for real-time multimedia. Thus, in S-RA, different RA schemes are adaptively chosen on per-packet basis. The proposed S-RA architecture can be incorporated into the 802.11e QoS MAC where traffics are classified into multiple classes by their QoS requirements. Combined with 802.11e, the S-RA architecture can contribute to better QoS enhancement of real-time traffic, while preserving consistent BE throughput when compared with only T-RA or E-RA


OBJECTIVES: To determine whether secondary hyperparathyroidism (HPTH) due to hypovitaminosis D affects bone mineral density (BMD) response to alendronate (ALN) in elderly women with osteoporosis.


The pedagogical practice of the flipped classroom model (FCM) was undertaken to determine the students' problem-solving skills in electrochemistry. A quasi-experimental design was used in this study using two contrasted groups, experimental group (flipped classroom) and control group (conventional classroom). The freshmen civil engineering students were the respondents of the study. Five factors of problem-solving skills were used as a scheme interpretation of student's answers such as (a) Problem Comprehension; (b) Understanding Relationships Among Chemical Concepts; (c) Understanding Associated Chemical Concepts (d) Applying Appropriate Problem-Solving Strategies; and (e) Using Appropriate Mathematics.    Results revealed that student's under the flipped class was of better problem comprehension and can relate chemical concepts to the problem than the conventional class. Most of the students can do mathematical calculations in both groups but failed to explain the underlying concepts. Many students have many misconception statements on the oxidizing-reducing agents and the flow of electrons in the anode to cathode. The spontaneity of the cell was also the least understood. Nonetheless, many students can solve the standard and non-standard Ecell potential and Gibbs free-energy (?Gº). Ergo, the flipped classroom teaching is a successful teaching approach in enhancing the problem-solving skills in learning electrochemistry.


Cross-drainage culverts create numerous roadside hazards along our nation's highways. Further, these culverts can produce serious accidents when struck by an errant vehicle. Safety treatments for roadside cross-drainage culverts include extending the culvert out of the clear zone, shielding the culvert with guardrail, and making the culvert traversable. The objective of this study was to investigate the safety performance of traversable culvert safety grates recommended by the AASHTO Roadside Design Guide (RDG) when installed on slopes as steep as 3:1. LS-DYNA modeling was used to identify critical impact conditions for roadside culvert grates installed on 3:1 slopes. Two full-scale vehicle crash tests were conducted under the NCHRP Report No. 350 guidelines on a 6.1-m (20-ft) x 6.1-m (20-ft) culvert safety grate installed on a 3:1 slope. The full-scale crash tests demonstrated that the AASHTO RDG recommended safety grates provide acceptable safety performance when installed on 3:1 slopes.


The real-time synthesis of 3D spatial audio has many applications, from virtual reality to navigation for the visually-impaired. Head-related transfer functions (HRTF) can be used to generate spatial audio based on a model of the user's head. Previous studies have focused on the creation and interpolation of these functions with little regard for real-time performance. In this paper, we present an FPGA-based platform for real-time synthesis of spatial audio using FIR filters created from head-related transfer functions. For performance reasons, we run filtering, crossfading, and audio output on FPGA fabric, while calculating audio source locations and storing audio files on the CPU. We use a head-mounted 9-axis IMU to track the user's head in real-time and adjust relative spatial audio locations to create the perception that audio sources are fixed in space. Our system, running on a Xilinx Zynq Z-7020, is able to support 4X more audio sources than a comparable GPU and 8X more sources than a CPU while maintaining sub-millisecond latency and comparable power consumption. Furthermore, we show how our system can be leveraged to communicate the location of landmarks and obstacles to a visually-impaired user during a sailing race or other navigation scenario. We test our system with multiple users and show that, as a result of our reduced latency, a user is able to locate a virtual audio source with an extremely high degree of accuracy and navigate toward it.


Pressure Wave Analysis Is Useful to Understand the Pathophysiology of Preeclampsia, but Perhaps Not the Rapid Changes during Cesarean Delivery IN this issue of ANESTHESIOLOGY, Dyer et al. tested the hypothesis that continuous monitoring of cardiac output (CO) in patients with severe preeclampsia during spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery would give better information on the uteroplacental blood flow than mean radial artery blood pressure. They found that CO, as inferred from pressure wave analysis (PWA), did not decrease significantly from baseline if the mean radial artery blood pressure was maintained at baseline levels with intermittent vasoactive treatment, concluding that spinal anesthesia was associated with clinically insignificant changes in CO. The purposes of this editorial are to describe the contributions of PWA to our understanding physiologic changes during pregnancy and preeclampsia and to question whether PWA can be used to inform us of changes during cesarean delivery. Pressure wave analysis has been used as part of in-depth investigations of cardiovascular adaptations during pregnancy. Pressure and flow waves depend on the compliance of large and medium arteries, and vascular tone of arterioles and veins. A typical cardiac cycle is comprised of two pressure peaks, labeled P1 and P2 in order of timing. The decrease in arterial compliance with age has been related, by analysis of the aortic pressure and flow waves, to the progressive increase of P2 (augmentation), which overtakes the height of P1 (input impedance) at age 30 years. Poppas et al., assessing pulse pressure and flow, aortic flow velocities, and left ventricular (LV) imaging during the first, second, and third trimesters of normal pregnancy, found decreased aortic input impedance starting in the first trimester and decreased augmentation in the second and third trimesters; peripheral vascular resistance decreased moderately, and CO increased. Therefore, early pregnancy produces a temporary return of the arterial system aging to that seen in normal adolescents. Mesa et al. assessed LV function by echocardiography at the end of each trimester of normal pregnancy in 37 women. CO increased significantly, as did heart rate and stroke volume; peripheral vascular resistance decreased and LV wall thickness and mass increased from the second trimester to the end of pregnancy, thus indicating LV hypertrophy at the end of pregnancy, similar to that seen in long distance runners. Eduard et al. studied the role of the arterial and venous systems' tone in the hemodynamic changes of normal pregnancy in the first and second trimesters and 3 months after delivery, using plethysmography, pulse wave velocity, and echocardiography. From the first trimester, heart rate and aortic distensibility increased, whereas systemic blood pressure and limb vascular resistance did not change. Lower limb venous tone increased from the first trimester, and their viscoelastic properties decreased in the third trimester, whereas no change occurred in the upper limbs. The LV diastolic diameter increased in the third trimester. These changes regressed 3 months after delivery. Therefore, the first cardiovascular change during pregnancy is the increase in arterial compliance, starting in the first trimester, with the appropriate conditioning in cardiac function to follow. Elvan-Taşpinar et al., using aortic PWA and pressure wave velocity, studied the effect of preeclampsia by assessment of aortic compliance in 51 normotensive women, 38 hypertensive women without proteinuria, and 33 preeclamptic women during the third trimester of pregnancy. Aortic impedance was significantly higher in preeclamptic and hypertensive than in normotensive patients. Ejection duration and aortic pulse pressure were significantly greater in preeclamptic than in normotensive and hypertensive patients, indicating that the vascular rigidity was severe enough to increase the LV ejection time and the pressure needed to eject each stroke volume. However, the subendocardial viability ratios were not significantly different among the three groups; hence, preeclampsia reversed the high arterial compliance of pregnancy but increased LV hypertrophy. Therefore, preeclampsia encompasses a severe decrease of vascular compliance and LV hypertrophy, plus the known decreased blood volume. Dyer et al. used the LiDCO device (LiDCO, London, United Kingdom) to examine rapid changes in cardiovascular variables associated with spinal anesthesia, vasopressor treatment, and oxytocin. However, this method of CO assessment is not recommended during hemodynamic instability and has been shown to produce CO assessment errors of greater than 33% during cardiac surgery. This method is based on the aortic PWA. Murgo et al. recorded flow and pressure waves from the aortic root, assessed their relation in their frequency domain, and then related the pattern of the impedance spectral plots to the analog shape of the pressure wave. The peak of flow aligned with P1, and the peak of the reflected pressure wave aligned with P2, which slows the flow wave without decreasing This Editorial View accompanies the following article: Dyer RA, Piercy JL, Reed AR, Lombard CJ, Schoeman LK, James MF: Hemodynamic changes associated with spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery in severe preeclampsia. ANESTHESIOLOGY 2008; 108:802–11.


There is a growing concern among researchers, decision makers and management practitioners about the right approach to implement Knowledge Management (KM). Although it is difficult to classify an approach as most appropriate, adopting one makes implementation easier. Therefore, to get an understanding of approaches being used by manufacturing and services organizations, a literature survey along with a focus group discussion (FGD) and 10 unstructured personal interviews was conducted. Convenience sampling was used to select the respondents. The present study's contribution is two-fold. First, it attempts to get a comparative picture of the KM approaches adopted by manufacturing and services organizations, and second, it provides a framework for KM implementation. The results show that KM is more mature in service organizations and there are differences on various KM dimensions which need to be validated through a conclusive study. With knowledge emerging as a key differentiator, the findings hold great relevance for Indian manufacturing and service organizations to help them facilitate their KM journey.


An experimental arrangement for the generation of ultrashort light pulses by mode locking of a Nd:glass laser with a saturable dye and their half‐width measurement is described. The pulses, being too short for determining their duration by conventional means, were studied by measuring their autocorrelation function with a method based on optical second‐harmonic generation. Measurements were made for two positions of the dye cell within the resonator; first, at some small distance from one of the mirrors and second, with one mirror forming one of the walls of the dye cell. For the former dye cell position the output considered of two or more pulses with a half‐width of approximately 30 psec, separated by about 120 psec. With the latter arrangement however, short single pulses were generated having a duration of 8–12.5 psec. In addition this arrangement greatly improved the reproducibility of the pulses and the stability of the output from flash to flash.


The decrease of groundwater concentration due to volatilization of VOCs was investigated by hydraulic experiments. Under the condition of a steady and uniform groundwater flow, the concentration decreased steeply in vertical direction near the interface between water and gas. The concentration gradient increased as the groundwater velocity increased. A volatilization coefficient from the aqueous phase in porous media to the atmosphere was found to be larger than that from the aqueous phase to the gaseous phase in porous media. The rate of volatilization from the aqueous phase to the gaseous phase was restrained by the existence of porous media of the gaseous phase over the groundwater surface. The time variations of concentration in the unsaturated zone can be simulated by using numerical model with the volatilization coefficient from the experimental results.