The report from the IFLA Study Group on the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) recommended a new approach to cataloging based on an entity-relationship model. This study examined a single work, The Expedition of Humphry Clinker , to determine benefits and drawbacks associated with creating such an entity-relationship model. Humphry Clinker was selected for several reasons—it has been previously studied, it is widely held, and it is a work of mid-level complexity. In addition to analyzing the bibliographic records, many books were examined to ensure the accuracy of the resulting FRBR model. While it was possible to identify works and manifestations, identifying expressions was problematic. Reliable identification of expressions frequently necessitated the examination of the books themselves. Enhanced manifestation records where the roles of editors, illustrators, translators, and other contributors are explicitly identified may be a viable alternative to expressions. For Humphry Clinker , the enhanced record approach avoids the problem of identifying expressions while providing similar functionality. With the enhanced manifestation record, the three remaining entity-relationship structures—works, manifestations, and items—the FRBR model provides a powerful means to improve bibliographic organization and navigation.


In the light of the functions,characteristics,reform of higher vocational education combining the experience,policy guidance and the need of constructing harmonious society of some developed countries,this paper deals with the skill training of leading socialization in higher vocational schools and new vocation-educational concepts of directing employment,analyzing their vacant functions putting forward some measures of the skill training of leading socialization in higher vocational schools.


Although Latinos represent a rapidly growing proportion of new HIV infections and AIDS diagnoses in the United States, few epidemiological and behavioral studies explore the reasons why Latinos have increasingly higher rates of transmission than non-Latino Whites. The HIV/AIDS literature has, for the most part, been inundated with descriptive and causal reports on American and European gay White men, intravenous drug users, and heterosexual transmission. Unfortunately, interventions based on the results of these studies, which may not be very generalizable, are being applied broadly to other ethnic, racial, and gender groups that have different cultural, socioeconomic, political, and behavioral issues. It is insufficient to think that values, attitudes, and needs are similar among all gay men, regardless of ethnic or cultural backgrounds. While using general labels has been useful in gaining a better understanding of underlying risk factors for HIV infection, such labels stop short of fully identifying why different groups of people continue to participate in risky behavior, even when they know they are putting themselves at risk that can be reduced! Accordingly, it is important for community-based researchers and academicians to go beyond lumping groups of people and then making gross generalizations about what is occurring at the individual or community level. More culturally sensitive research is needed. Diaz has successfully exposed these misperceptions about using general labels, and he articulately explains why Latino gay men, in particular, do not respond as well as the mostly White gay male community to public health messages regarding risk reduction; he calls this a "deficit" pedagogy. Diaz' argument for the purpose of his book is the following: "We must critically examine the teaching styles or pedagogy underlying our AIDS prevention and education activities, especially when those activities are directed to minority populations and, in particular, Latino gay men." Diaz' approach throughout the book is honest, direct (sometimes uncomfortably so), and bridges two worlds which are mostly disconnected, the academic and mostly theoretical one and the communitybased and very applied one. I found his directness refreshing, as most articles and books we read about HIV transmission camouflage reality with academic jargon or sometimes prudish analyses—and, therefore, interpretations or implications are lost or misdirected. For example, Diaz discusses risky sex as a natural and meaningful behavior, and he states, "the powerful and deeply satisfying experience of semen exchange between two men ... is definitely out of the question with condom use under the threat of HIV transmission. . . . Al pan pan y al vino vino (call bread bread and wine wine, . . . that is, truth must be told even if difficult consequences must be faced)." What is sometimes lost to HIV/AIDS researchers and community workers is that Latino gay men are strikingly different than their White and Black counterparts. Diaz explicitly states that many Latino gay men are caught in (1) social isolation between the homophobia of their families and native communities, and (2) the racism of the mainstream gay community. These two factors along with issues of acculturation, nationality, class, and migration make HIV prevention for Latinos complex and challenging. Many people are deep "in the closet" about the very real and deeply seated racial and ethnic divisiveness that exists in the gay and lesbian communities. It should be understood that many gay men and women of color do not have the same social access and community support that is afforded to White gays and lesbians, and that alone makes HIV prevention and outreach difficult, particularly for Latino gay men. Diaz' training in developmental psychology and social work proves useful in his analyses and interpretations. His overall hypothesis is that six sociocultural factors in the lives of Latino gay men—machismo, homophobia, family loyalty, sexual silence, poverty, and racism—undermine the self-regulation of sexual-


PURPOSE: A semiconductor device, a manufacturing method thereof, a semiconductor module including the same, an electronic circuit board, and an electronic system are provided to improve productivity by forming a semiconductor device with a capacitor including titanium oxide of rutile. CONSTITUTION: A lower vanadium dioxide layer(150) of rutile is formed on a bottom electrode. A titanium oxide layer(160) of rutile is formed on the lower vanadium dioxide layer. A top electrode(180) is formed on the titanium oxide layer. The bottom electrode includes vanadium. An upper vanadium dioxide layer of rutile is formed between the titanium oxide layer and the top electrode.


In the first of a four-part series looking at South Sudan one year after independence, LSE's Matthew Le Riche assesses the challenges and successes after the first year of the world's youngest nation.


ABSTRACT We can speak of a moral polity, in which many countries in Europe receiving refugees have signed human rights conventions. Yet we also find externalization of migration control and widespread rejection towards receiving forced migrants. This observation raises two questions. First, what are the main mechanisms fuelling the dualism of human rights on the one hand and an unwillingness to accept forced migrants on the other hand? More generally, what is driving political perceptions around forced migration? Second, the practical question is: How can we (de)construct political perceptions around forced migration which lead to categorizations that exclude migrants from living in safety? In doing so, this analysis seeks to deconstruct forced migration from the point of view of critical theory, literary theory and social theory. The conclusion then asks, inspired by feminist-queer theory, whether there is a creative opening in escaping inequality-producing categorizations of forced migration.


One of the common irregularities in digital images is blur, which is usually caused by the object motion, camera shake or out of focus. In this paper we present an algorithm for detecting images with blur, or blurred regions within an image. Blur is detected by analyzing DCT coefficients and introducing function and threshold for classification of appropriately sized sub-regions as blurred or non-blurred. Additionally, algorithm has a component for blur detection on pixel level. Our proposed algorithm exhibited superior performance compared to one of DCT based algorithms from literature.


Abstract : Cornell University supported the Air Force Research Laboratory C/NOFS mission through a combination of experiment development, data acquisition and processing, simulation, and modeling of ionospheric processes pertinent to forecasting so-called equatorial spread F phenomena. A new radar mode capable of providing simultaneous plasma density and drift measurements in the equatorial ionosphere has been developed and implemented at the Jicamarca Radio Observatory. The new mode will be crucial for C/NOFS calibration/validation as well as for ongoing campaign Support. Data acquired in this and other modes have been taken at Jicamarca in support of DMSP and COSMIC satellite overflights. Processed parameters have been posted and distributed to the C/NOFS science team through the Madrigal distributed data server. These data can also be used to test and initialize the AFRL forecast models. Additional experimental runs will be performed throughout the actual C/NOFS mission. Three specific investigations were carried out during the Cornell award period An improved ionospheric irregularity forecast strategy based on an evolving understanding of a counter streaming plasma instability process has been formulated. The new strategy should outperform traditional ones based solely on Rayleigh Taylor-type instability mechanisms. A new long-pulse incoherent scatter radar data processing scheme has been developed for improved measurement of plasma density, temperature, and composition profiles in the topside ionosphere. The new mode will be particularly useful right after C/NOFS launch, which will occur near solar minimum. A new means of inverting satellite radio occultation data has been developed and demonstrated. The method reflects artifacts that would otherwise obscure the E and valley regions and will increase the usefulness of beacon data from C/NOFS.


As an Afrikaans-speaking South African living in South Africa under apartheid, it was easy to remain ignorant of the enslaving power of our cultural programming. We were living in a cold war bubble where the "Christian civilization of the West" was supporting our fight against the "communist forces of liberation." The boys of my generation were conscripted to go and "fight on the border" to repel the onslaught of "terrorists" who were threatening our Christian way of life. We were on God's side because our forefathers settled on the southern tip of the Dark Continent in the loOOs to bring Christianity and civilization to Africa, and we felt that we were called to execute that mandate "from Cape Town to Cairo." In the 1950s we established what we considered to be a Christian governmental system that prescribed Bible cksses for all children in school, that mandated that Parliament should open in prayer, that legislated against abortion and gay rights, and that prescribed that you could not pky games of rugby or cricket on Sundays because it was the Sabbath Day. Our National Intelligence Agency cooperated with the CIA and the Israeli Mossad, and behind the scenes, we were developing nuclear devices. Our cultural programming made it almost impossible for us to acknowledge that apartheid was a sin. I spent seven of my teenage years in the US and often had to defend my nation. Mandela was a terrorist. He plotted to overthrow our government. His organization, the African National Congress (ANC), received funding from Russia and China and Gadhafi and Castro! Why couldn't people understand that we were Christians? We support the West! We are the "good guys!" By the mid-1970s, I was pasturing a small congregation in Cape Town when the opposition to apartheid became particularly violent, and I found myself at an emotional crossroad. I had made myself available one day a week to train a team of young people from the Coloured1 community in psycho-spiritual issues as they prepared to deploy as the first full-time youth team in our denomination. The way that our denomination was structured, I belonged to the White District and they to the Coloured District, even though we lived in the same geographical area and all of us ckimed affiliation to the same denomination. One day toward the middle of 1976 during our time of prayer together, the girls started weeping inconsokbly. They expkined that the police had raided a prayer meeting at their church the previous evening and had beaten the pastor when he protested and arrested him under the new Emergency Legisktion which made gatherings of more than 10 people a crime. All over South Africa, young people had been taking to the streets in non-violent protests against being forced to take all their schooling in Afrikaans (my beloved home language). The police, vastly outnumbered, responded to the protests with live ammunition and hundreds of young people were killed. When I innocently tried to recount the gutwrenching story that the girls shared with me the following week during our regular (White) pastoral prayer retreat, my District Superintendent berated me and warned me angrily not to mix church and politics! Social activism is not only frowned upon in my culture; it is associated with theological liberalism and a complete antithesis to my conservative Pentecostal tradition. From Psychology to Community I did not consider myself to be a "community psychologist." In fact, I had no clue that such a designation even existed. To be honest, I simply found myself in the midst of a period of cataclysmic changes in our society while simply trying to minister holistically to God's people. My studies in the fields of psychology and social work increasingly frustrated me because we bifurcated spiritual issues from emotional ones. It made no sense to me that people could consider themselves "spiritually mature" while their interpersonal rektionships and emotional maturity were at an infantile level of development. …


Since the human race began, human invents technology and technology invents humans. The characteristics that make us human will continue to be manifest in our relationship with technology. Shifting boundaries between computers and everyday world; the more we depend on technologies to carry out or mediate our everyday activities, the more we will need to trust than to do so. Philosophers working on technologies will have to respond to the 'given fact' that we live in a 'technological and organisational culture' by sketching a 'praxis philosophy' of technologies, where technologies are multistable. In the paper, it is argued that technologies are inherently non-neutral. The easiest way to understand the non-neutrality of a technology is to follow North American philosopher Don Ihde's suggestion that we consider how experience is mediated by the technologies we use. The paper is divided into six sections: in the first four sections the emphasis is given on technologically mediated embodiment and concept of cyborg, cyber and cyberspace. In Section 5, it is argued that technology is a cultural force and is culturally multistable. The paper has ended with an emphasis on the role of humanities in technoscientific world. The main hypothesis of the article is: technology is now seen as interdependent in relation to the society rather than independent of it. Technology and society form an inseparable pair, but neither is intelligible without reference to each other.


We propose an efficient digital IF down converter architecture for dual‐mode WCDMA/cdma2000 based on the concept of software defined radio. Multi‐rate digital filters and fractional frequency conversion techniques are adopted to implement the front end of a dual‐mode receiver for WCDMA and cdma2000. A sub‐sampled digital IF stage was proposed to support both WCDMA and cdma2000 while lowering the sampling frequency. Use of a CIC filter and ISOP filter combined with proper arrangement of multi‐rate filters and common filter blocks resulted in optimized hardware implementation of the front end block in 292k logic gates.


A formal system of mathematics the dog-ears, is introduced to describe javascript or object notation, sensor event and action event with state modelling in the framework of DPA for a smart home and work robotics . It is assumed that a multi modal interface can be developed similar to AWS APL for this purpose.The RAVA natural programming language is introduced, which simplifies coding by eliminating the need for syntax.


The "meaning" of a computer model — a computer simulation — of some physical system is an ill-defined concept, and clearly it would strengthen any hypotheses based on such models if some formal model verification was possible. In this paper we present experiments on computer modelling of mobile robot operation, in which the interaction of a Scitos G5 mobile robot with a carefully chosen environment is modelled. The experimental setup chosen was such that we could determine from theoretical considerations what the model should be. The comparison between the actually obtained computer model and the theoretically correct solution demonstrates that in the experiments conducted the obtained models are "correct". Disciplines Physical Sciences and Mathematics Publication Details Nehmzow, U., McKerrow, P. J. & Billings, S. 2007, ''On the meaning of computer models of robotenvironment interaction'', Proceedings TAROS'07: Towards Robots and Systems, University of Wales, Aberystwyth, pp. 33-39. This conference paper is available at Research Online: http://ro.uow.edu.au/infopapers/3016 On the Meaning of Computer Models of Robot-Environment Interaction Ulrich Nehmzow, Phillip McKerrow and Steve Billings University of Essex, UK University of Wollongong, Australia University of Sheffield, UK


Binary relation extraction methods have been widely studied in recent years. However, few methods have been developed for higher n-ary relation extraction. One limiting factor is the effort required to generate training data. For binary relations, one only has to provide a few dozen pairs of entities per relation, as training data. For ternary relations (n=3), each training instance is a triplet of entities, placing a greater cognitive load on people. For example, many people know that Google acquired Youtube but not the dollar amount or the date of the acquisition and many people know that Hillary Clinton is married to Bill Clinton by not the location or date of their wedding. This makes higher n-nary training data generation a time consuming exercise in searching the Web. We present a resource for training ternary relation extractors. This was generated using a minimally supervised yet effective approach. We present statistics on the size and the quality of the dataset.


Background: We evaluated the efficacy and feasibility of performing prolonged donor type fresh frozen plasma (FFP) infusion for the in vivo adsorption of isohemagglutinins (IHGs) in major ABO-incompatible allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Methods: Forty-five patients underwent allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Major ABO incompa- tibility was observed in 23 patients. 18 patients of these 23 patients had IHGs directed towards the donor ABO antigens and they received donor type FFP; in 5 patients, the bone marrow grafts were minor incompatible; in 17 patients, the grafts were compatible. Results: The engraftment times of the granulocytes and platelets and the transfusion requirements for red blood cells in the FFP-transfused recipients of the major ABO-incompatible allografts were not different from those of therecipients of ABO-compatible allografts (P >0.1) and these factors were not different from those for the FFP-treated recipients of the major ABO-incompatible allografts. The median duration of FFP infusion and the number of FFP units were 23.5 days (range 8~39) and 47 units (range 16~78), respectively. The median IgG titers decreased from 1: 64 to 1:4 over a median of 22.5 days (range 8~36) in the FFP-treated groups, compared with a median of 61 days (range 19~116) in the non-FFP-treated groups. Conclusion: The infusion of donor-type FFP with red cell depletion represents a more feasible, effective alternative strategy to achieve in vivo immunoadsorption of IHGs and to prevent late immunohematologic complications. (Korean J Hematol 2005;40:254-260.)


Coupled closely to highly absorbing tissues, a source of electromagnetic radiation (e.g., cellular antenna) can be greatly affected by the curvature of the absorbing surface. Based on our previous planar surface approximations, we suggest an effective and relatively simple procedure for obtaining closed-form corrections for the main power relations involved in the presence of curved-surface absorbing tissues. The derivation is introduced by considering a two-dimensional prototype models of surface and line sources radiating in the presence of a half-space and an infinite circular cylinder. The power absorption efficiencies of the cylindrical model are shown to be tightly bounded from below and above by these of the half-space (planar) models.


Green fluorescent protein (GFP) is an attractive reporter for bioprocess monitoring. A fluorescence-based method was developed to quantify GFP levels in transgenic plants and protein extracts. In this study, GFP was produced and secreted from suspension cells derived from transgenic rice. The RAmy3E promoter placed before the GFP gene controlled by sugars such as sucrose. The effects of sucrose concentration on the secretion of GFP and total protein into the medium were investigated in batch suspension culture. It was possible, therefore, to induce the expression of the GFP by removing sucrose from the cultured media or by allowing the rice suspension cells to deplete sucrose catabolically. The dry cell weight (7.06 g/L) and GFP level were detected as highest at 12%, 3% sucrose after 20 day culture, respectively. However secreted GFP fluorescence at the other sucrose concentrations (6%, 12%, 18% and 24%) were a little amount in media.


The most of constituents of matter and the interaction among them accessible by current experiments are well described by the Standard Model of particle physics. The Standard Model is based on the gauge principle, which require the invariance of the theory under the local gauge transformation. However, the gauge principle requires that the masses of particles should be zero which is obviously not realized in nature. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce a mechanism to give a mass to each elementary particle after constructing the model based on the gauge principle. The Higgs mechanism is introduced as the mass generation mechanism in the Standard Model, using the idea of spontaneous symmetry breaking. The idea of the Higgs mechanism was proposed in 1964 and the Standard Model based on the idea was established in 1973. Since then, the Standard Model has been extensively tested and shown its validity except for the existence of the last piece, the Higgs boson, a particle predicted by the Higgs mechanism. On July 4th, 2012, the discovery of a Higgs-like particle was reported by the experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The Standard Model has completed by the discovery of the Higgs boson, however, there are still many unsolved questions which the Standard Model cannot provide the answer, such as the existence of dark matter, dark energy, baryon number asymmetry, and so on. These problems indicate that there should be phenomena beyond the Standard Model and investigation of the Higgs boson through the precise measurement is a key to understand unsolved questions. In the Standard Model, the coupling constants of matter fermions and gauge bosons to the Higgs boson is proportional to the their masses. On the other hand, if there is new physics beyond the Standard Model, the coupling deviates from the Standard Model prediction. The deviation depends on the new physics beyond the Standard Model, but is estimated to be O(%) in many models. Therefore, the precision of a few percent or less is required to shed light on a signal of new physics concealed in the coupling constants. The International Linear Collider (ILC) is a planned next-generation high energy linear collider to explore particle physics. The ILC uses high energy interaction of elementary particles, electrons and positrons, which provides an ideal opportunity to measure the properties of Higgs boson very precisely. In this study, we will discuss the Higgs boson decaying into tau lepton pairs (h → ττ ) at the ILC. In order to evaluate the measurement accuracy of the process of Higgs boson decaying into tau pairs at the ILC, we need the simulation as realistic as possible. There are some studies using ee collisions, however, these studies did not considered the realistic backgrounds, or based on an obsolete Higgs boson mass. Therefore, it is necessary to study the measurement precision of Higgs boson decaying into tau pairs at the ILC with considering realistic backgrounds and realistic detector model. The purpose of this study is to provide the reference performance of the ILC for measuring Higgs boson decaying into tau pairs as the primary information to phenomenological studies. In this thesis, studies of the Higgs boson decaying into tau pairs at the ILC with the center-of-mass energies ( √ s) of 250 GeV and 500 GeV are presented, assuming a mass of Higgs boson of 125 GeV, beam polarizations of electron and positron of P (e , e) = (−0.8,+0.3), and integrated luminosities of 250 fb 1 for √ s = 250 GeV and 500 fb 1 for


* The American Economy: Concepts and Theories * Development of the Modern Political Economy * Making Economic Policy * Dilemmas of Contemporary Economic Policy * Looking to the Future


We have obtained thirteen counts of eleven Macaranga species. These and four previously published counts are presented in Table 1. In all cases the diploid number is 22, except for two counts, one for the West African M. beillei and one for an unidentified New Guinea species, which both have 2n = 20. Macaranga is a genus of about 280 species (Willis, 1966) and it is perhaps rash to generalize from chromosome counts on only thirteen of them (c. 4%) although these are from sections widely separate in the classification of the monographers (Pax & Hoffmann, 1914). Even so we tentatively suggest from the data presented that this genus of small to medium, fast growing trees will prove to have low rather uniform chromosome numbers without long polyploid series. The bases of this inference are three fold. Firstly the chromosome number is uniform to three species in both sect. Pruinosae and sect. Pachystemon. Secondly the five counts for M. tanarius, the furthest ranging Macaranga, cover widely separate parts of the range and are all the same (Taiwan is 5600 km from Guadalcanal); and thirdly this series of counts is in line with previous counts on genera of tropical and temperate woody plants, which all have been found to possess uniform or nearly uniform numbers (Darlington & Wylie, 1955). Darlington (1963) has advanced reasons for considering that stability of chromosome number is correlated with the length of the reproductive cycle, genera with a short cycle tending to have variable numbers often some of them high. Many Macaranga species have, for trees, a short reproductive cycle: M. tanarius has flowered within two years from germination at Kepong. This has not, on the present limited evidence, had an effect on the chromosome numbers in the genus. Apparently in Macaranga, as in other woody plants, species evolution has not been accompanied by changes in chromosome number.


To investigate the applied value of chromosomal technology in clinical diagnosis of chromosome abnormality-related diseases.Methods:The routine techniques of G banding,C banding and fragile X chromosome analyses were used to analyse the chromosomal numbers and structure of peripheral hemocyto-lymphocyto cultivation.The chromosomal aberration was checked out in 46 cases from 389 related patients,ratio:11.83%,inclule:6 cases of Robertsonian translocation carrier,10 cases of balanced translocation carrier,4 cases of inversion carrier,and 14 cases of sex chromosome aberration,and 12 cases of mongolism and dysplasia. The cytogenetic technology is an usefui method to diagnose chromosome abnormality-related diseases.It also plays an important role in quiding cure and aristogenesis.


Objective: To summarize nursing experiences in perioperative complications after CEA.Methods: The clinical data of 92 patients after carotid endarterectomy in surgical intensive care unit of Capital Medical University affiliated Beijing Anzhen Hospital from July 2013 to July 2014 were analyzed retrospectively.The major critical care points were summarized. Results: In this study,postoperative complications of various degrees were found in 7 patients out of 92 patients( 7. 6%,7 /92 cases),including high perfusion syndrome in1 case( 1. 1%); stroke in 1 case( 1. 1%); wound hematomas in 2 cases( 2. 1%); hypertension in 3 cases( 3. 2%). All the complications were improved or cured after active treatment and nursing,with no death.Conclusion: The incidence of postoperative complications in stroke patients after carotid endarterectomy was7. 6%,targeted prevention and nursing measure was taken with satisfactouy results.


Wanapum (Type W) and Grande Ronde (Type GR) multilevel piezometer boreholes will provide information on hydraulic heads in seven horizons adjacent to the reference repository location. In addition, the boreholes will be used to determine horizontal and vertical flow rates, and identify possible geologic structures.. This specification includes details for drilling, piezometer design, hydrologic testing, and hydrochemical sampling of the boreholes. It includes drilling requirements, design, and installation procedures for the Type W and Type GR-series piezometer nests, intervals selected for head monitoring and schedules for drilling and piezometer installation. Specific drilling and piezometer installation specifications for the first two boreholes in this series, DC-23W and DC-23GR, are also included. 5 refs., 11 figs., 10 tabs.


Aimed at the condition that the velocimetry has high rate misjudgment and low precision.An infrared laser velocimetry and ethernet transmission system is proposed.The system is based on ARM.LPC2103 is adopted as the main processor of the system.TDC_GP2 is adopted as the velocimetry chip.In order to complete data transmission,the ethernet controller chip ENC28J60 is adopted to accomplish the link between system and PC.Simulation experiment show that the system can complete data transmission reliably and quickly with the standard ethernet.


The Council on Aging and Human Services transportation program (COAST) delivers specialized public transportation services to the residents who live in four Washington and five Idaho counties. The COAST service area is 23,000 square miles. The population density of the service area is about five persons per square mile. COAST is the primary contractor for every available state and Federal funding source. The mix of services initiated by COAST over the past 21 years is unique in the country; however, the problems, needs, and community resources that have been combined are common across the United States. They are reflected in every rural area and non-urban community and in neighborhoods in urban areas. The possibilities for replication of any, or all for the COAST programs, are almost endless.


The problem of multicomponent gas phase diffusion fora single overall reaction in porous catalysts is analyzed using the dusty-gas theory. Recent authors have shown that neglecting internal pressure gradients results in modeling inconsistencies and errors in computation in small pore catalysts. However, calculations based upon kinetic theory estimates of the transport coefficients reveal that the viscous flow contribution to the component i molar flux can be neglected with excellent justification. The resulting equations are internally consistent and greatly simplified. For illustrative purposes the multicomponent example of P. Schneider7 is reformulated to take into account nonuniform pressure (but negligible viscous flux), and as a consequence the inconsistency noted in the original reference is removed. Two methods for computing the effectiveness factor are discussed.

On a etude le probleme de la diffusion a plusieurs composants en phase gazeuse, dans le cas d'une seule reaction globale dans des catalyseurs poreux; on a employe a cette fin la theorie "dusty-gas". Des auteurs recents ont demontre le fait de negliger les gradients de pression interne produisait des incoherences dans les modeles et des erreurs dans les calculs, dans le cas des catalyseurs a petits pores. Toutefois, des calculs bases sur des estimations des coefficients de transfert par la thtorie cinetique ont revele, avec une excellente justification, qu'on peut negliger la contribution de l'ecoulement visqueux au flux molaire du composant i; la equations qu'on en deduit sont coherentes et bien simplifiees. Pour fin d'illustration, on a reformule l'exemple donne par P. Schneider7 avec des composants multiples en tenant compte de la pression non uniforme (en ecartant le flux visqueux negligeable), ce qui a eu pour effet de faire disparaitre l'incoherence observee dans la reference originale. On discute deux mehodes pour calculer le facteur d'efficacite.


A Free and Balanced Flow: Report of the Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on the International Flow of News (Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books, 1979—$12.50 with a paperback also available) Alex S. Edelstein, John E. Bowes, and Sheldon M. Harsel's Information Societies: Comparing the Japanese and American Experiences (International Communication Center, School of Communications, University of Washington, Seattle, Wa 98195—$10.95, paper) Fred L. Casmir, ed. Intercultural and International Communication (Washington: University Press of America, 1978—$21.50, paper) Terry D. Peigh, et al. The Use of Radio in Social Development (Chicago: Communication Laboratory, Community and Family Study Center of the University of Chicago, 1979—price not given, paper) Ernest D. Rose's World Film & Television Study Resources (Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, Godesberger Allee 149, D 5300 Bonn 2, Federal Republic of Germany—price not given) Medios Audiovisuales (Desengano 12, Madrid-13, Spain—650 pesetas per year/11 issues, surface m...


This guide serves faculty, staff, and students in improving and supporting instruction and learning in various learning environments (e.g., face-to-face, hybrid, and fully online). This represents our effort to share our knowledge with you. Find out about emergent technology or how to use existing software available on campus.


In this paper we construct examples of irrational behavior of multiplicities and mixed multiplicities of divisorial filtrations. The construction makes essential use of anti-positive intersection products.


A kind of abnormal detector, it includes:Image pickup part, it shoots object and generates the 1st picture frame and the 2nd picture frame that are included in the 1st image frame group;Pseudo- operation generating unit, it is directed to the 1st picture frame and the 2nd picture frame being included in the 1st image frame group, and generation respectively is included in the 1st picture frame and the 3rd picture frame, the 3rd picture frame and the 2nd picture frame or the 3rd picture frame and the 4th picture frame in the 2nd image frame group;Proper space generating unit, it generates proper space data according to the 1st picture frame and the 2nd picture frame that are included in the 1st image frame group and the 1st picture frame and the 3rd picture frame, the 3rd picture frame and the 2nd picture frame that are included in the 2nd image frame group or the 3rd picture frame and the 4th picture frame;And comparing section, it detects the exception of the object according to the proper space data.


Abstract A simple electronic network employing unijunction transistors has been used to obtain qualitative information regarding the entrainment behavior of relaxation oscillators coupled by low pass filters. Using arbitrary criteria, entrainment boundaries have been determined over the frequency range from 0.14 to 0.5 Hz for filters having time constants of 0.55,1.1 and 1.7 s. It is shown that the efficacy of entrainment is related to filter time constant and the Fourier structure of the bilaterally coupled signals


ABSTRACT Because of their reliance on mechanistic metaphors and analogies referring to machines, the eighteenth-century materialists La Mettrie and Diderot have sometimes been described as 'mechanistic materialists'. However, if one pays close attention to the ways in which mechanical analogies and metaphors were used in eighteenth-century French materialism, one sees that the recourse to these metaphors and comparisons in no way implies mechanism in the sense of physicalist reductionism. Instead, early instances of these comparisons appear in arguments pointing out that technological artefacts have functional properties which are not reducible to their physical properties. When La Mettrie compares man to a machine in his L'homme machine, he insists at the same time on the fact that, just like a machine, man is a cultural artefact. According to La Mettrie, man's very existence depends on language and culture, and it is precisely this dependence on culture which distinguishes him from other animals. However, La Mettrie's sceptical stance renders his position towards physicalistic reductionism ambiguous. Diderot, who by contrast was interested in the distinction between the living and non-living, distances himself from the ambiguous use of mechanistic metaphors and insists on the irreducibility of physiological and biological phenomena to the physical.


The Cochrane IBD Group presented a symposium at Digestive Diseases Week 2018 entitled "Alternative and Complementary Approaches for the Treatment of IBD: Evidence from Cochrane Reviews." This article summarizes the data presented at this symposium.


Digital and other labor market transformations determine the vectors of new trends in the technologies of intellectual integration of international postgraduate education. The authors offer a discussion on the management of post-graduate education "without borders." The authors compare postgraduate education for academic systems and open non-formal systems. International intellectual integration is an element of system integration and all forms of education in individual countries and world regions. The authors invite to the discussion about the relationship between formal, non-formal and informal (according to the UNESCO classification) technologies in postgraduate education. A new trend of intellectual integration in the international development of postgraduate education is a cross-border integrated educational service and the application of the "Chain-integrator" technique. The authors reveal effective steps of intellectual integration for the strategies of international development of postgraduate education for adults and in the administration of international educational projects for advanced training. The authors analyze the use of educational benchmarking, voluntary certification, and also provide examples of international informative projects that have been implemented and gained recognition of the pedagogical community of the world at universities of academic and open informal type. Keywords—intellectual integration, informal approach


Madrasah Ibtidaiyah is an educational institution that has a strategic role in embedding religious values early on in students. In everyday life religious value is a character value that affects the choice of the way or the purpose of action from several alternatives and leads to behavior and satisfaction. In the face of the disruption era and the moral degradation as it is today, this religious character is indispensable for students to perform praiseworthy morality and to avoid unblemish morality. The focus of this research is to describe the model of religious character planting in Madrasah and teacher learning planning of Aqidah Akhlak as an effort to planting the character of religious students at MIN 3 Way Kanan . Data collection is done by observation, interviews, and documentation. The analysis of data in qualitative research is inductive i.e. withdrawal of sympulsion is common from the field data. The results show the religious values instilled in MIN 3 Way Kanan covers the value of discipline, honesty, responsibility, sincerity, tolerance, mutual respect, and caring for the environment.


The Kaluza-Klein-theory is one of the "classics" of modern theoretical physics. All theories that construct a space with extra dimensions, such as superstring and membrane theory, are based on the structure of this unified theory. The original five-dimensional theories by Theodor Kaluza (from 1921) and Oskar Klein (from 1926) have not yet been closely analysed, historically. What has survived as an established part of physics is a "folklore version" that mixes together elements from both theories. Our paper analyses the individual mathematical and physical contributions by Kaluza and Klein. It points out the importance of the achievements of these two founders of five-dimensional unified theories, and compares them with the folklore version of the Kaluza-Klein theory.


: In the modern origin of the Rule of Law, the Rechtsstaat formula, women were excluded from its philosophical, legal and political dimension, they were denied the value and sufficient ethical condition to be bearers of rights, that is, subjects of rights. This prompted action by women to analyze their situation and defend their value and rights in conditions of equality and non-discrimination with men. The advance of the feminist movement from the 18th century, when women were expelled from the political Assembly, the seed of the first declaration of human rights, to the second half of the 20th century, when they were universally recognized as full subject of rights, shows the continuous philosophical-legal development of the conscience of humanity, of ethics and of human rights. The current feminist legal thinking, from the development of social and ecological justice, recognizes the threat of ecological reality and the reality of women, it implies alternative proposals of life on Earth based on social and ecological sustainability, in the fight against violence and in the participation of women in decision-making. This new integrative perspective of a divided world is defended by ecofeminism.


Electron cooling will be used to cool and accumulate antiprotons in the Fermilab p source. Successive p production cycles will be injected into the cooling ring with offset momentum, and coalesced into the stack using longitudinal electron cooling. The stacking performance of electron cooling is evaluated. It is shown that optimum p accumulation rate is obtained by increasing the cooling energy until the cooling time just matches the cycle time T0, for p production. For Fermilab Tevatron I this corresponds to Tp = 1.5 GeV, Te = 750 keV. The main features of the electron beam design are described. For a primary electron beam current Ie = 10A, we expect a loss current (to ground) Il ≲ 10mA and a transverse temperature T⊥ ˜0.25 eV.


In this article, oxygen consumption mechanisms for the SARS coronavirus to attack alveolus tissue was theoretically studied. SARS coronavirus and oxygen transfer model within alveolus tissues at the end of bronchia was established. Pathological cause of SARS was then interpreted from the engineering point of view. Some important factors, which can significantly affect the oxygen transport were pointed out. The results would help to better understand and thus propose feasible strategies for suppressing SARS coronavirus oxygen consumption and infringing effect, from the view of clinical practice.


x. The toxicity and action offluenethyl or 2-fluoroethyl(4-biphenylyl ) acetate, several other monofluoroethyl esters, monofluoroethanol, monofluoroacetic acid and fluoroacetamide were studied in mice, houseflies (Musca dornestica L.) and twospotted spider mites (Tetranychus urticae Koch). 2. Toxicity varied markedly with the test compound, method of application and biological species. Generally, monofluoroacetic acid, monofluoroethanol and fluenethyl were the most active materials examined. Intoxicated mice and houseflies exhibited classic symptoms of organofluorine poisoning; spider mites exhibited a brief period of hyperactivity. 3Ethanol, isoniazid, triazole, acetamide, sodium acetate and monoacetin afforded some protection against the toxicity offluenethyl and monofluoroethanol to mice, suggesting that metabolic transformation of these two fluorine-containing compounds was essential for toxicity. 4. Mice, houseflies and spider mites poisoned with fluenethyl and other fluorinecontaining compounds accumulated high levels of citrate as compared to controls, providing evidence that aconitase or citrate (isocitrate) hydrolyase (E.C. 126.96.36.199) was attacked. 5. It was concluded that the monofluoroethanol released upon esteratic cleavage of fluenethyl was oxidized to monofluoroacetic acid which, after conversion to fluorocitrate, inhibited aconitase. This appeared to be the mechanism for the toxic action of fluenethyl and the other monofluoroethyl esters in the mouse, housefly, and twospotted spider mite. FLUEN~THVL acaricide/insecticide is very effective for the control of phytophagous mites, aphids, scale insects, and certain other pests (Anonymous, I968 ). Chemically fluenethyl (FLU) is 2-fluoroethyl(4-biphenylyl ) acetate, and its structure is given in FIo. x.


The semiconductive armor tape (CAT) which covers a form wound stator bar within the slot extends beyond the slot in the end turn region to provide for connection to the nonlinear end turn stress grading (SG). At power frequency, the CAT acts as a conductor, but during PWM waveform transitions, substantial potential can drop across the CAT between the slot edge and the SG which can reduce the dissipation at the CAT-SG interface. We develop analytical approximations for grading during PWM transitions.


A major step toward resolution of two of the major problems in CIM applications, real-time data transfer and uncertain information, is presented. The approach to real-time data transfer, including handling of asynchronous priority interrupts, is accomplished by introduction of an intelligent interface node connected to the primary data communications channel or information systems backbone. A secondary communications channel is developed for this purpose. In simulation runs, the intelligent interface node was able to satisfy 99.1% of the real-time data transfer resource shortfalls that otherwise would have resulted without implementation of the knowledge-based expert system, including all of the highest-priority data transfers. Resolution of uncertain information is accomplished by use of the MYCIN shell, modified for the specific purposes of CIM implementation.<<ETX>>


ap oAⅠgene,which was chemically synthesized,was inserted into secretion vectors pPIC9 and pPIC9K. The recombined pPIC9K- apo AⅠ was digested by Bgl Ⅱ and transformed into Pichia pastoris strain GS115, then the transformants with high G418 resistance were selected. After the transformants grew in the shaking flask and was induced by methynol, the SDS-PAGE analysis of supernatant showed that they expressed rApoAⅠ in a high level. rApoAⅠwas isolated and purified by Phenyl-sepharose 6 (Fast Flow) and Sephadex G-50 (coarse) gel permeation chromatography. The results obtained through Western blotting and N-terminal amino acid sequence determination indicated that purified rApoAⅠprotein expressed by Pichia pastoris had very similar characteristics compared with those of natural ApoAⅠprotein purified from human serum.


With a sub-circuit model which replaces the very important components,a method to combine principles of circuits analysis and parametric scanning analysis with optimal analysis to optimize the design of the circuit based on PSpice is proposed.The approaches and steps of simulation analysis are elaborated with an example of a CCⅡ low pass filter circuit.The simulation analysis results of filtering circuit optimum design is given out,which are consistent with the theoretical ones.The temperature scanning,Monte Carlo and worst case analyses are performed for the optimized circuit.The simulation result shows that the method is effective in circuit design.


Objective: To determine the high levels of acute phase reactants (APR) of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients at diagnosis and follow-up, and to investigate the relationship between patients' high levels of APR and patients' disease activity levels and clinical characteristics.
Material and Methods : 948 patients who were diagnosed with AS according to the modified 1984 New York criteria and followed-up at the university rheumatology clinic were included in this study. The patients' erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels across all visits were retrospectively reviewed through the registry and the hospital's database.
Results: At first visit, high levels of CRP and ESR were observed in 626 (68.5%) and 578 (64.6%) patients respectively. During follow-up 84.6% of patients had high CRP and 69.5% patients had high ESR, however in 10% of patients APRs did not increase at all. There was good correlation between ESR and CRP (r=0.666, p=0.000). A better correlation was observed at first visit between CRP and BASDAI (r=0.81, p=0.23) or ASDAS (r=0.468, p=0.000) compared to ESR and BASDAI (r=0.111, p=0.02) or ASDAS (r=0.334, p=0.000). Compared to BASDAI, ASDAS with either ESR (p=0.00) or CRP (very high disease activity-p=0.000, inactive disease-p=0.001) had better performance in evaluating the activity of the patient in inactive and very high levels of severe disease.
Conclusions: Our results showed, high levels of acute phase reactants is not rare in AS patients. APR should be considered the most significant laboratory diagnostics in the evaluation of AS and/or response to the treatment.


This article addresses the consensus problem based on static output feedback for a kind of leader-following multi-agent systems. Traditional nonlinear constraints, such as Lipschitz and one-sided Lipschitz, cannot describe most nonlinear functions. The incremental quadratic constraints and switching topologies are considered to extend the application range and practical significance of the existing consensus control protocol. By investigating the topology having a directed spanning tree and constructing a proper Lyapunov function, this article gives sufficient conditions for the consensus problem, including the dwell time by a threshold value. Then, a design method for the static output feedback gain matrix is deduced and an algorithm for achieving consensus is presented. Finally, two simulation examples are used to verify the validity as well as the superiority of the designed protocol. It is the first piece of work to study the consensus problem of multi-agent with incremental quadratic constraints under switching topologies.


The present invention relates to a textile aromatic polyurea microcapsules prepared, the oil phase of the material is prepared by a polyisocyanate, flavors and cyclohexane; the aqueous phase is sodium hydroxide, deionized water and sodium alginate; preparation of the oil phase was added to the diethylenetriamine and deionized water, was added dropwise the aqueous phase after mixing, dropwise 1.5-2 hours, stirring speed of 400-600 rev / min, the temperature was maintained at 40-60 ℃. After the dropping, temperature was raised to 50-70 deg.] C, 1-1.5 hours the reaction, the resulting product is suction filtered, washed, dried below 80 ℃ obtain micron powder. Prepared by the method diameter of the microcapsules in 20-4μm, slow-release fragrance higher, environmentally friendly and more environmentally friendly.


Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) turnover was studied in cats by ventricular perfusion at various time intervals after the intracisternal injection of 175 to 200 mg of kaolin. At seven days, CSF absorptive capacity was minimal and intraventricular pressure was high. During this time interval, the occurrence of quadriplegia in some animals was attributed to microscopic changes observed in kaolin meningitis and also to the elevated intraventricular pressure. After three weeks, when transventricular absorption occurred, CSF absorptive capacity increased, and intraventricular pressure returned to normal. The development of transventricular absorption was accompanied by an increase in water content of periventricular white matter. Results from perfusion studies at a constant perfusion pressure demonstrated that CSF production rates were similar in both acute and chronic hydrocephalic cats. However, CSF production was affected by changes in perfusion pressure.


One of the most important reasons to hold a large sporting event is the large potential of an economic windfall. Findings of many studies show that holding large sporting events can bring large positive economic benefits. However, most existing literature assessing the economic impacts of mega-events neither properly considers the impact of costs of building event facilities nor captures physical legacies. This research designs a framework to measure both benefits and costs brought by event infrastructure and venues. Then this framework is applied to estimate the economic impact of the 2008 Beijing Olympics using CGE modeling.


Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of skin resurfacing with high-energy pulse CO2 laser and to discuss the effective nursing care. Methods Four hundred and sixty-six cases of facial benign tumor or acne depression scar were treated with high-energy pulse CO2 laser skin resurfacing. The patients were separated into two groups according to the size of the lesions:care group of exposure therapy and care group of non-exposure therapy. The two groups were respectively provided with preoperative psychological consult ation and intervention,and health education was introduced during the treatment. The care group of non-exposure therapy received dressing change rigidly after operation. Results All of the 466 cases recovered well after the operation. Effective rate was 81.20%. Pigmentation rate of the care group of non-exposure therapy was significantly lower than that of care group of exposure therapy (P0.05). The average time of decrustation,infection rate and scar formation rate showed no significant difference between the two groups(P0.05).Conclusion Preoperative psychological consult ation and intervention,health education introduced during the treatment,dressing change after operation rigidly all contributed to decrease the infection rate and scar formation rate,and to shorten the average time of decrustation.


In this paper we consider the problem of n agents wishing to perform a given computation on common inputs in a privacy preserving manner, in the sense that even if the entire memory contents of some of them are exposed, no information is revealed about the state of the computation, and where there is no a priori bound on the number of inputs. The problem has received ample attention recently in the context of swarm computing and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) that collaborate in a common mission, and schemes have been proposed that achieve this notion of privacy for arbitrary computations, at the expense of one round of communication per input among the n agents. In this work we show how to avoid communication altogether during the course of the computation, with the trade- ofi of computing a smaller class of functions, namely, those carried out by flnite state automata. Our scheme, which is based on a novel combination of secret-sharing techniques and the Krohn-Rhodes decomposition of flnite state automata, achieves the above goal in an information-theoretically secure manner, and, furthermore, does not require randomness during its execution.


This article describes the application of advanced technologies to work zone safety practices. It describes the concept of smart work zones which monitor traffic entering and passing a work zone and provides local traveler information. Another successful technique is the use of enhanced service patrols in which the patrols can submit traffic and incident information regarding work zone areas to variable message signs and highway advisory radio transmitters. The article concludes with examples of advanced work zone technologies that will be employed in Northern Virginia, Iowa, and West Virginia.


[1] The mechanical deformation of a sea ice cover takes place through ridging and rafting. These processes have been studied in an ice basin by pushing two identical ice sheets together. Nonuniform ice sheets consisting of floes of thickness t1 and thin ice of thickness t2 connecting the floes were used. The major thickness t1 and the thickness ratio t2/t1 were varied. Ice sheets of uniform thickness (t2/t1 = 1) never formed ridges; they only rafted. However, when ice sheets of nonuniform thickness were used, initial rafting transformed into ridging. In general, high values of t1 and low values for t2/t1 favored ridging, while low values of t1 and high values for t2/t1 favored rafting. The forces during the tests were measured. During the initial rafting stage the force increased linearly with displacement. The experiments also suggest that the ridging force has a maximum value. This limit can be related to horizontal growth of the ridge or onset of ridging in another site. The relation between force and ice sheet thickness has also been analyzed. Further, from the force and the measured ridge profiles it was possible to estimate the ratio of work to change in potential energy. This ratio was about 15 for ridging and about 35 for rafting.


Al-Qur'an is the main source in Islamic teachings. The Qur'an occupies a very important role as a basic guideline for managing all aspects of life. This research is entitled: Study the verse "Innallaha Laa Yugayyiru Maa Bi Qaumin Hatta Yugayyiru Maa Bi Anfusihim"; Q.S al-Ra'd: 11 according to the commentator. In this research, the method used is descriptive analytic method, which aims to make a description systematically, factually and accurately. Then the writer will describe the interpretation of the meaning of "Innallaha laa yughayyiru maa biqaumin hattaa yughayyiruu maa bi anfusihim" in terms of meaning, meaning, relation of verses and interpretations according to experts.The conclusions that can be drawn from this study will make the reader increase insight into the nature of the Science of Interpretation specifically about the differences of opinion interpretations different from Imam At-Thabary and Ibn Abi Hatim with the interpretation of the Qur'an bil Qur'an, As-Syanqiti, Jalaluddin As-Suyuti and Fadlullah Husain with bil Ra'yi, and Wahbah al-Zuhaily with Al interpretations -Quran bil Qur'an wa Ra'yi.


This report presents the findings of the second annual survey of those members of NAGTY who had completed their secondary education and were leaving NAGTY as alumni. The purposes of the survey are to enable NAGTY to gain a picture of its students' views on their involvement with NAGTY, and to capture data about their educational attainments and post-school destinations.


We investigate the capability of Symplectic quandles to detect causality for (2+1)-dimensional globally hyperbolic spacetimes (X). Allen and Swenberg showed that Alexander-Conway polynomial is insufficient to distinguish connected sum of two Hopf links from the links in the family of Allen-Swenberg 2-sky like links, suggesting that it can not always detect causality in X. We find that symplectic quandles, combined with Alexander-Conway polynomial, can distinguish these two type of links, thereby suggesting their ability to detect causality in X. The fact that symplectic quandles can capture causality in the Allen-Swenberg example is intriguing since the theorem of Chernov and Nemirovski, which states that Legendrian linking equals causality, is proved using Contact Geometry methods.


Oil Palm Stem (OPS) has been introduced as potential raw material for plywood manufacture in Malaysia. Two 25 years old OPS were selected for the study which aim to establish the veneer density distribution of the stem. The main purpose of this study is to improve the strength and to determine the optimum resin spread rate for oil palm stem plywood manufacture. The study comprised (1) the establishment of veneer density profile and (2) the effects of resin consumption and lay-up pattern on the strength and bond integrity of the plywood. The method used to determine the veneer density was a standard oven-dry method. The OPS veneer were fabricated into 5-ply plywood panels using UF (urea formaldehyde) resin adhesive. Three types of OPT veneer were classified which were 100% from outer veneer, 100% from inner veneer and mix (2-ply of outer veneer as face and Three-ply of inner veneer as core material) with four different glue spread rate (250, 300, 350 and 400 g m-2). The results show the veneer density of the OPS can be categorized into three classes: 400-500, 300-400 and 200- 300 kg m-3. The outer-layer veneers have density between 358 to 442 kg m-3, whilst the densities of the inner-layer veneer were 272 to 446 kg m-3. Segregating the oil palm veneers by density classes prior to plywood manufacture improved the strength and bond integrity of the OPS plywood greatly.


We describe a new online database, named HispaVeg, which currently holds data from 2663 vegetation plots of Spanish woodlands, scrublands and grasslands. Unlike other similar databases, a detailed description of the structure is stored with the floristic data of each plot (i.e., number and physiognomy of the vertical layers, cover values for each layer).Most of the vegetation plots are large rectangles (400 to 2000 square meters) with an average of 34 species per plot. The survey dates range from 1956 to present, with most of the records between 1964 and 1994. The elevation of the plots ranges from 0 to 2880, with most of the plots between 300 and 1500 m. HispaVeg is freely available to the scientific community. Users can query the online database, view printable reports for each plot and download spreadsheet-like raw data for subsets of vegetation plots.


In precision agriculture it is necessary to assess the quality of the maps of soil attributes. This paper aimed to evaluate the performance of geostatistical methods: ordinary kriging and sequential Gaussian simulation on spatial prediction of mean diameter of the goethite crystal in a regular grid with 121 points collected in a grid of 1 ha with regular spacing of 10 to 10 m. After the particle size and concentration analysis of iron oxides the values of the mean diameter of the goethite crystal were calculated. These were analysed by descriptive statistics and geostatistics, ordinary kriging and sequential Gaussian simulation was used for production of maps. With the results which evaluated the method is more faithful to make statistics, the cumulative probability density function conditional epsilon statistics ey. E-Type estimates were similar to ordinary kriging, due to the minimization of the variance. However, the ordinary kriging did not perform well in specific locations for crystallinity of goethite, while the E-Type map by sequential Gaussian simulation should be used instead of kriging maps. The E-type maps should be prefered as they present better performance in modeling.


[14C]Cadaverine was applied to leaves of Lupinus polyphyllus, L. albas, L. angustifolius, L. perennis, L. mutabilis, L. pubescens, and L. hartwegii and it was preferentially incorporated into lupanine. In Lupinus arboreus sparteine was the main labelled alkaloid, in L. hispanicus it was lupinine. A pulse chase experiment with L. angustifolius and L. arboreus showed that the incorporation of cadaverine into lupanine and sparteine was transient with a maximum between 8 and 20 h. Only leaflets and chlorophyllous petioles showed active alkaloid biosynthesis, whereas no incorporation of cadaverine into lupanine was observed in roots. Using in vitro organ cultures of Lupinus polyphyllus, L. succulentus, L. subcarnosus, Cytisus scoparius and Laburnum anagyroides the inactivity of roots was confirmed. Therefore, the green aerial parts are the major site of alkaloid biosynthesis in lupins and in other legumes.


Background and objectives : Lower levels of health literacy have been associated with adverse health outcomes, especially for elderly. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 290 retired elder from the Retirement Centers in Rasht city by convenient sampling during the year 2017. Data collection tools included, Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (TOFHLA) and general health standard questionnaire (GHQ-28). The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS. Results: More than half of the participants (54.8%) had adequate health literacy. The highest mean of the health literacy was in the domain of reading comprehension (36.30±7.90) and then in the domain of numeracy (36.11±11.60). There was a significant relationship between the level of health literacy and the level of education, the level of education of the spouse and the history of cancer (P<0.05), the mean of the general health of the subjects was 20.67±8.27. by adjusting the effects of demographic variables, there was a significant relationship between the health literacy and the general health (P=0.04), such that by improving each level in the health literacy status, the chance of a favorable general health status, increases by 1.4 times (Odds Ratio=1.4).The findings, show a 0.95 confidence interval for variables related to general health. Conclusion: This study approved that the level of education was the most important determinant of health literacy and general health, identifying elderly with poor health literacy and providing them with appropriate education can play a major role in promoting community health.


etTransport cross sections and collision integrals have been calculated for interactions of hydrogen atoms and diatomic molecules. These results were determined using accurate potential energies and quantum mechanical formulations of the scattering. Collision integrals have been tabulated for H-H and H 2 -H 2 , and have been applied to determine diffusion and viscosity. The variation of transport properties with temperature and relative composition is examined for a gas formed from H atoms and H 2 molecules. The inversion temperature is found to be about a factor 3 lower than that of earlier estimates.


The population dynamics and secondary production of Tellina petitiana were investigated in Cerro Avanzado, Golfo Nuevo (Patagonia, Argentina, 42o 46' S, 65o 02' W). Density ranged from 450 to 650 individuals m-2; the population was composed by three modal groups, numerically dominated by adult individuals with a mean shell length >27 mm. Every year, on January, a new cohort of recruits began to be noticeable. Growth rings are marked twice a year, in winter and summer respectively. The parameters of the von Bertalanffy growth function were estimated to be L∞= 50.515 mm; K = 0.369; t 0 = 0.172. The gonadal cycle included a resting period from April to July; the first spawning animals were detected in October; the proportion of spawning individuals rose up to about 70-80 % from November to March every year. Mean biomass was 26.17 g m-2; individual production was maximal at 34 mm shell length (70.26 mg DM y-1). The population somatic production was 22.6 g DM m-2 y-1 while the production-to-biomass (P/B) ratios 0.97 years–1.


1. General Overview. Telescopes around 2000 How Hubble was born The second servicing mission Working with Hubble today.- 2. Cosmology. The Hubble deep field Quasars and the early universe The search for cosmic numbers Gamma-ray bursters.- 3. Stars. Stellar nurseries Red gants and supergiants White dwarfs, brown dwarfs, and extrasolar planets Late stellar evolution Supernova 1987A.- 4. The Solar System. The new invasion of Mars The rings of Saturn The winds of Jupiter Between the planets.- 5. A View into the Future. The next servicing missions Hubble and beyond Astronomical quests of the 21st century.- Appendix: references, internet resources.


A three-step procedure involving Diels–Alder condensation of maleic anhydride with furane, formation of N-substituted imide upon reaction with appropriate diamine, and a final retro Diels–Alder regeneration of the maleic carbon–carbon double bond is proposed for an unequivocal synthesis of N-substituted basic maleimides. The novel method is characterized by mild reaction conditions, easy work-up, high yields, and no need for additional catalysis.


Summary. - The article examines drachms minted by Apollonia in Illyria with the device of a suckling cow. Two hoards are presented, from Jubica 1965 and Shkodra 1997. It appears that the figure on the observe is that of the chief official of the mint, who also appears on 28 of 74 issues together with colleagues (not prytaneis!) on the reverse. On the basis of these hoards it is possible to distinguish four periods: the first from ca. 250 to 168 ВС contains 27 issues, the second, from 167 to 120-100, 20 issues, the third from 120- 100 to 80-70, 18 issues, which circulated throughout the Balkans. The last 9 issues were minted up to the end of this coinage in 48 ВС.


Copper nanoparticles and microfibers have been prepared by solid state reaction using carbon nanotube (CNT) as template. Their optical and structural properties were investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman scattering and photoluminescence. Carbon nanotube template was found to be the main contributor to the Raman spectra, however, after the introducing of copper, we found G band shifted to high frequency by a few wavenumbers and the shift was also related to the ratio of copper to carbon nanotube. With copper form change from nanoparticles to microfiber, the ratio of scattering intensity between D band and G band of carbon nanotube increase, which reveals a change in microcrystallinity. Compared with pure carbon nanotube, a broad photoluminescence background was found to be superimposed on the Raman spectrum of these copper related carbon nanotube, and the intensity of this photoluminescence background also increase with respect to the ratio of copper to carbon nanotube. High resolution X-ray diffraction indicated that copper lattice constant of copper fibers decreased with respect to its bulk form.


ABSTRACT This research note analyzes the effect of a candidate gender quota in Open-List Proportional Systems and its interaction with electoral spending. Focusing on the Chilean parliamentary elections of 2017, our evidence shows, first, that the quota law was effective in promoting the representation of women, but, second, the differences in the electoral performance between men and women grew considerably nevertheless. We argue that this result was due mainly to gender inequality in access to resources to finance electoral campaigns. Third, we found that this inequality exists only for candidates who are challenging incumbents, but not for the incumbents themselves: incumbent women are as competitive as men.


Abstract We analyze the process of an increased, in comparison with other regions, rate of warming in the Arctic Ocean and adjacent areas. The visible aspect of the cause of the phenomenon is a decrease in the average thickness of ocean ice and, as a consequence, an increase in the heat flux from the water through the ice, which heats the lower air layer. In addition, in the process of losing the ice mass of perennial floating glaciers, the heat consumption for their melting decreases. The combined effect of these two factors has provided the current rise in temperature in the polar zone, by more than 8°C in a linear approximation. Note that interlatitudinal air heat exchange does not intensify in this process due to a decrease in meridional temperature gradients.


When presenting complex, multidimensional data to users, emphasis of relevant information plays an important role. Especially when data is arranged according to several criteria, the simultaneous use of multiple visualization metaphors frequently results in information overload and unintuitive visualizations. In this paper, we present a comparison of preattentive visual features specifically for highlighting relevance of data extracted from electronic documents in an information-rich virtual environment. Several visual cues were evaluated with regard to their effectivity, comprehensibility and influence on other visualized features. At the same time we introduce two innovative data handling techniques to achieve practical applicability of our system: An intuitive way to reduce visual cluttering of information by filtering information based on its visual depth and a way to efficiently utilize visualizations of different dimensions - dimensional congruence.


INTRODUCTION Disinfection of drinking water is essential for public health protection, dramatically reducing mortality and morbidity caused by waterborne diseases. However, unintended chemical disinfection byproducts (DBPs) are produced during drinking water treatment via reactions between the oxidants used for disinfection (e.g. chlorine) and a diverse group of precursors, including natural organic matter (NOM) . Many DBPs have been implicated in adverse health risks, e.g. in reproduction and cancer (particularly bladder cancer) . In chlorinated water, halogenated DBPs are formed via direct reaction of chlorine, or of the secondarily formed bromine and iodine, with aquatic NOM to form a complex mixture of halogenated organic compounds. Bromine and iodine can be formed from the respective oxidation of bromide and iodide by chlorine/chloramine. Previously, the focus of DBP research was on the formation of chlorinated and brominated trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs), because one or both of these groups of DBPs are regulated in the USA, Europe and Australia. Very recently, there has been a growing interest in iodinated DBPs, particularly because iodinated compounds are likely to be more toxic than both brominated and chlorinated analogues, since iodine is more biologically reactive than bromine or chlorine. Some iodinated organic compounds are also known to cause medicinal off-flavours. The occurrence of several iodo-acetic acids has recently been reported in drinking waters and these iodo-acids were found to be highly cytotoxic.


This article discusses the activities of local authorities in the Northern Caucasus in the regulation of the agrarian sector of the region during the great Patriotic war


This paper presents a fully integrated RF-powered temperature sensor with non-intermittent operation. The sensor is powered up wirelessly from a 915-MHz incident signal using a power-efficient RF energy harvester, uses a subthreshold ring oscillator that produces a highly temperature-dependent oscillation frequency acting as a temperature-to-frequency converter, and finally transfers the frequency-modulated signal to an external reader using back scattering. The power management circuits are eliminated in the designed sensor to arrive at a minimalistic design. For proper operation, a novel voltage regulator is developed that produces a relatively constant output voltage as the supply voltage of the ring oscillator for a large range of harvested input energy but allows the output voltage to change as a function of the temperature for added temperature sensitivity of the overall sensor. Power consumption of the proposed sensor is only <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.05~\mu\text{W}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at room temperature, which enables continuous operation of the sensor from an incident energy of −16 dBm. The sensor is tested between −10 °C to 100 °C exhibiting a minimum sensitivity of 238 Hz/°C at −10 °C and a maximum sensitivity of 31.648 kHz/°C at 100 °C. The predicted temperature error is −2.6 °C to 1.3 °C using a two-point calibration within the range of 10 °C to 100 °C. With a conversion time of 25 ms, 0.046 °C (rms) resolution is achieved. Fabricated in IBM's 130-nm CMOS technology, the proposed sensor occupies a die area of 0.23 mm2.


Synopsis A model which describes the response of groups of laying hens to different levels of amino acid intake is presented. The model is based on the assumption of simple linear relationships between amino acid intake and the output characteristics, egg production and maintenance, for individual birds. The response for a group of birds is then derived as the average of the individual responses. The shape of this flock—response curve depends on seven parameters, namely the mean maximum egg output (Ē max), variation in E max, mean body weight (W), variation in W, the correlation between egg output and body weight, and two constants (a and b) representing respectively the quantities of amino acid required for unit egg output and for maintenance of unit body weight. Three methods of manipulating the model are described. These use (i) a computer simulation procedure; (ii) the exact solution for the model and (iii) some reasonable approximations for practical application. The use of the model for describing e...


Recent reports from Bangladesh about the Grameen Bank (GB) having to seriously review its policies and restructure its procedures have not stopped countries like the Philippines from making a success of Grameen Bank Replicas (GBRs). Women across Asia continue to benefit from microfinance initiatives and are motivated to move out of poverty through the influence of the GB and other microfinance institutes. This paper addresses specifically the microfinance activities in the Philippines and reports on some of the issues surrounding the successes and setbacks of programs in that country.


The present invention discloses a dye-sensitized solar cell polymer electrolyte comprising a acrylate-based monomer, a polymerization initiator, a lithium salt, and an organic solvent. Polymer electrolyte composition of the present invention oxide constituting the polymer electrolyte solution may provide a stable photoelectric chemical properties against to minimize the possibility of reducing volatile electrolyte to environmental changes such as external temperature increase of the solar cell. In another aspect, the present invention includes a first electrode and a second electrode facing each other; The first electrode and the second is placed between the electrodes, the porous film with a dye is adsorbed; And discloses a dye-sensitized solar cell comprising a polymeric electrolyte interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. A solar cell according to the present invention can increase the open-circuit voltage producing a high-sensitive photoelectric conversion efficiency, dye solar cells. A solar cell, a dye-sensitized, a polymer electrolyte


The objective of this study was to find spectroscopic methods for fast and low cost evaluation of the natural durability (resistance to fungi) of four technically and economically significant species: oak, chestnut, teak and Douglas-fir. Two spectral zones were studied: the visible spectrum and the near infra-red spectrum. Spectro-colorimetry makes it possible to establish statistically relevant models, but is of little or no use in establishing a reliable and robust evaluation of natural durability. The use the near infra-red spectroscopy makes it possible to obtain useful models, and although reliability and robustness are good, it must be improved for routine use. This implies the use of training samples, covering the total range of variation, are required to analyze and implement more elaborate chimiometric methods. In the case of the very durable species, the standard test is not very discriminating, and its improvement for these species should be considered in order to extend the range of variation of the natural durability parameters and to allow the development of more precise models. (Texte integral)


We report a combined experimental/theoretical investigation on second and third harmonic generation from a plasmonic gold nanograting, that exhibits a plasmonic resonance in the near IR. The intense field localization leads to significant enhancement in the efficiency of nonlinear optical processes from the UV to the near IR range: second harmonic generation (SHG) conversion efficiencies increase three orders of magnitude compared to a flat gold mirror, while third harmonic generation (THG) conversion efficiency increases by nearly four orders of magnitude. The spectral and angular dependence (qualitative and quantitative) of the harmonics were experimentally recorded and validated within the framework of our own theoretical model, that we employ to simulate SHG and THG efficiencies. Our approach consists of an expanded microscopic hydrodynamic model that captures the dynamics of both free and bound electrons, and faithfully describes the basic electrodynamic behaviour of linear and nonlinear optics of metals at the nanoscale.


Student use of professional tools in applied computer science courses can be a two edged sword. Potential productivity gains can be significantly offset by equally substantial learning curves. Some tools merely document features. While other tools may provide extensive documentation and examples, initial student exposure to the wealth of information can be daunting. Instructor demonstrations and directed laboratories are two means of jump-starting the learning process. This tutorial demonstrates how Captivate, an inexpensive screen capture program, can be used to create movies designed to teach students how to productively use new, complex tools. Participants will have the opportunity to create their own Captivate movie.


Introduces the hardware design of an solar cells test system, which is basing on TI′s DSP chip TMS320LF2407 The system is designed on modular and Bus architecture thoughts, so it is apt to maintenance and extension The system can test fast either solar cells or module, and process the data


We reconstruct the abundance of thorium near the Compton‐Belkovich Volcanic Complex on the Moon, using data from the Lunar Prospector Gamma Ray Spectrometer. We enhance the resolution via a pixon image reconstruction technique and find that the thorium is distributed over a larger (40km × 75 km) area than the (25km × 35 km) high‐albedo region normally associated with Compton‐Belkovich. Our reconstructions show that inside this region, the thorium concentration is 14–26ppm. We also find additional thorium, spread up to 300km eastward of the complex at ∼2 ppm. The thorium must have been deposited during the formation of the volcanic complex, because subsequent lateral transport mechanisms, such as small impacts, are unable to move sufficient material. The morphology of the feature is consistent with pyroclastic dispersal, and we conclude that the present distribution of thorium was likely created by the explosive eruption of silicic magma.


The data used in this paper is that of Professor Cintron. Some he collected
before author began his assistantship, and the rest was collected after January, 1991.
Many of author's observations in this paper have come from his year of working with
Professor Cintron. Observations arose in conversation or sometimes in writing, but
it is difficult to footnote the exact source. Author highly recommends Dr. Cintron's writings
for anyone who is intrigued by some of the ideas offered in this paper.


Conclusion is further supported by results of controlled inoculation tests in the greenhouse that did not reveal differences in kernel smut infection between cultivars of varying maturity times. Over 1200 samples from the 1985 crop were examined. Overall incidence was only 4.3% as compared to 17.6% for 1984. Again, highest incidence was observed in Northern counties on very early or early maturing and long grain cultivars. The marked difference in incidence between successive years further suggests the need for additional information on the affect of environmental conditions on kernel smut incidence during specific stages of development of the rice crop.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to highlight three important insights into educational quality assurance, using Singapore as a case study. It is useful to policy makers and practitioners to understand the phases and paradoxes in their educational quality assurance journey so that they may recognise and manage better the complex dynamics of quality assurance in education.Design/methodology/approach – This paper utilises a phase model to analyse the development of quality assurance and the challenges and paradoxes involved. This phase model is a framework of analysis of the quality assurance dynamics of primary and secondary education in Singapore with the following phases: standardisation; local accountability; and diversity and innovationFindings – The paper finds that: quality assurance develops in phases, each with its own characteristics and challenges; quality assurance changes the nature of education; quality assurance is a paradoxical journey.Practical implications – The Singapore case study ...


Four types of the fundamental complex potential in antiplane elasticity are introduced: (a) a point dislocation, (b) a concentrated force, (c) a dislocation doublet and (d) a concentrated force doublet. It is proven that if the axis of the concentrated force doublet is perpendicular to the direction of the dislocation doublet, the relevant complex potentials are equivalent. Using the obtained complex potentials, a singular integral equation for the curve crack problem is introduced. Some particular features of the obtained singular integral equation are discussed, and numerical solutions and examples are given. Ó 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.


The aim of this dissertation is an attempt to' provide a general guide for future gold exploration in tropical and sub-tropical terrains. The dissertation includes a brief discussion of the various exploration techniques used in regional and local exploration. This provide the necessary background knowledge to discriminate between the constraints and applications and to be able to select the techniques which are more suitable for gold exploration in tropical and sub-tropical terrains. Weathering, gold geochemistry and soil formation, fields often neglected, are emphasized to illustrate the importance of the mobility and dispersion of gold in the weathering of the lateritic soil profile. A sound knowledge and experience in regolith mapping is to the advantage of the explorationist. Case studies with special emphasis on Centraland Western Africa are includ~d to illustrate the effectiveness of some of the gold exploration techniques in tropical 'and subtropical terrains. Gold exploration is a highly complex and demanding science and to be successfull involves the full intergration of all geological, geochemical and geophysical inforniition available. An intergrated exploration method and strategy would enhance the possibility of making viable discoveries in this highly competative environment where our mineral resources become more depleted every day. Where applicable, the reader is refered to various recommended literature sources to provide the necessary background knowledge which form an integral part· of gold exploration. GOLD EXPLORATION IN TROPICAL AND SUB-TROPICAL TERRAINS WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON CENTRAL AND WESTERN AFRICA


Amorphous, nonporous silica/alumina (SA) made by flame-spray pyrolysis (FSP) efficiently catalyzes the direct conversion of phenylglyoxal (PG) to alkyl mandelates. The SAs exhibited a turnover frequency more than an order of magnitude higher than dealuminated zeolite Y, which hitherto has been considered as the most active solid acid for this reaction. The free diffusion of PG to surface acid sites and rapid removal of mandelate products are proposed to be at the origin of the superior performance of SAs. The recyclability of the catalyst was tested in five repetitive runs and showed no significant loss of catalyst performance.


The influences of gypsum and MgO-type expansive agents on the early expansion of slag-oil-well cement were studied.The results show that early expansion of oil-well cement decreases with the content of slag,but early expansion of slag-oil-well cement increases obviously with it.And with time,early expansion of slag-oil-well cement increases at 50 ℃,decreases at 80 ℃ yet.Calcined MgO can certainly improve the expansion of slag-oil-well cement cured at high temperature.The early expansion of cement block increases obviously with the content of MgO.And MgO burned at 800 ℃ is better relatively.


The current development of electric and hybrid electric vehicles has drawn more attention toward the development of electrical machines with high power densities. Though highly efficient, these machines heat up significantly during operation. By design, state-of-the-art water jacket cooling concepts remove the heat mainly through high internal thermal resistances of the electrical machine. The resulting maximum temperatures in the end winding region limit the achievable machine power output. In this study, alternative cooling concepts are presented, which efficiently use the existing heat conduction paths of an electric machine. For this purpose, two modeling methods for the stator windings were developed: a high-resolution approach that considers each individual wire and an abstract approach that uses zones of constant anisotropic thermal conductivity to specify the heat flow in the windings. Both models were used in conjugate heat transfer simulations of a long-term thermal test of the electrical machine integrated in the BMW i3. For both models the validation showed a very good agreement of simulated and measured temperatures. An evaluation of both methods showed the abstract approach to be more efficient than other simulation methods used in the current R&D. Its application for alternative cooling concepts revealed the necessary heat transfer coefficients at different fluid temperatures for a sole convective cooling of the end windings. However, it could be found that a homogeneous temperature distribution in the stator of the machine can only be achieved if a combination of water jacket cooling and convective end winding cooling is used.


Joanna Williams is visiting professor of psychology and education at Teachers College. This is the fourth in a series of papers to appear in TCR whose purposes are to explicate and interpret for educators the significance of psychological research in their work. The papers have been organized by Dr. Mary Alice White and her colleagues at The Center for the Behavioral Analysis of School Learning, Teachers College.


COMBINED STUDY OF THE TAUTOMERISM AND SPECTRAL PARAMETERS OF AZO DYES BASED ON A NUMBER OF ISOMERIC N-TOLYLNAPHTHYLAMINES Svitlana D. Koptіeva*, Iryna O. Borysenko, Sergiy I.Okovytyy, Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, 72, Gagarin Ave., Dnipro 49010, Ukraine Received 30 June 2021; accepted 21 September 2021; available online 27 October 2021 Abstract The azo coupling reaction of isomeric N-tolyl-1-naphthylamines and N-tolyl-2-naphthylamines has been investigated. The results of the theoretical investigation of tautomeric, conformational properties and 1H NMR chemical shifts for 1-((4-nitrophenyl)diazenyl)-N-phenylnaphthalen-2-amine, 1-((4-nitrophenyl)diazenyl)-N-ptolylnaphthalen-2-amine and 4-((4-nitrophenyl)diazenyl)-N-phenylnaphthalen-1-amine are reported. The calculations were performed at DFT level of theory (B3LYP) using 6-31G_JSKE basis function set physically adapted to calculate the magnetic properties by CSGT and GIAO methods. The influence of the solvent used to record the NMR spectra (CDCl3) was accounted for by the continuum solvation model SMD. The stability of possible conformers and tautomeric forms was established on the basis of the calculated Gibbs free energy values in the M06-2X/6311++G** approximation. The occupancy of each conformation was calculated by the Boltzmann method. The conformational properties of azo compounds have been studied by scanning potential energy surfaces. The data from the theoretical calculations of the absorption spectra of the azo dye 1-(4-nitrophenylazo)-Nphenylnaphthalen-2-amine by PBE1PBE/STO#-3Gel method are presented. The data of the theoretical study of the spectral characteristics of the studied azo dyes correlate well with the obtained experimental data and confirm the preferential existence of N-Arylnaphthalen-2-amine azo compounds in the form of azo-tautomer with intramolecular hydrogen bonding.


Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networks are realized as overlay networks and hence connections between arbitrary P2P nodes can exist. In addition, P2P networks dynamically adapt to changes in the environment in order to be scalable and robust. Thus, network topologies constantly change and development of P2P systems becomes often a cumbersome task.
 Network simulators as well as testbeds are commonly used to develop and analyze characteristics and performance of P2P protocols. Thus, we present in this paper a tool for simulation and testbed environments that facilitates the development process by graph-based visualization and animation. Our requirements for a visualization tool comprises multi-P2P-protocol simulations, multilayer simulations (from network topologies to business processes) and real-time monitoring capabilities needed in field tests. In this paper, we list the specific requirements for visualizing P2P networks. Then we describe the design of our proposed tool, OvlVis, that is implemented in Java and freely available for download under the LGPL. Finally, we evaluate core performance issues like CPU load and network utilization.


The manpower planning problem of hiring, dismissing and promoting has been the perennial difficulty of HR management. To cope with uncertain attrition, we propose a new approach of finding a course of action that safeguards against violating organizational target-meeting constraints such as productivity, budget, headcount, dismissal threshold and managerial span of control. As such, this approach leads to a tractable conic optimization model that minimizes a decision criterion that is inspired by Aumann and Serrano (2008)'s index, for which its value can be associated with probabilistic and robustness guarantees in meeting constraints under uncertainty. Additionally, our model departs from the literature by considering employees' time-in-grade, which is known to affect resignations, as a decision variable. In our formulation, decisions and the uncertainty are related. To solve the model, we introduce the technique of pipeline invariance, which yields an exact re-formulation that may be tractably solved. Computational performance of the model is studied by running simulations on a real dataset of employees performing the same job function in the Singapore Civil Service. Using our model, we are able to numerically illustrate insights into HR, such as the consequences of a lack of organizational renewal. Our model is also likely the first numerical illustration that lends weight to a time-based progression policy common to bureaucracies.


We present a neuro-dynamic model of looking, reaching, and grasping movements in infants in three pre-reaching phases. We attribute the evolution from pre-reaches to their suppression and subsequent re-emergence reported in a longitudinal study of von Hofsten [1] to the development of the sequential organization of movements, through which a set of elementary movements (visual fixation, reaching, opening the hand) are coordinated in time. The spatial precision hypothesis, which has emerged from work on spatial, visual, and action working memory, characterizes developmental changes as a change from strongly input-driven to more strongly interaction-dominated neural dynamics. Applying this hypothesis to reaching, we propose that the intention to reach is increasingly able to suppress competing movement behaviors, enabling object-oriented reaches. We evaluate three versions of the model that capture the three phases reported by von Hofsten and illustrate the properties of the movement model in simulations and in demonstration on a NAO robot.


Vertical deformation of rail end within the allowable tolerance when supplied from manufacturer often causes unevenness of running surface of rail at welded rail. The transient vibration caused by this local unevenness at welded part was theoretically discussed for the vehicle-track vibration system. The relationships among train speed, length of unevenness, spring coefficient of rail support, damping coefficient of rail support and dynamic variation of wheel load were discussed.


Ⅰ. INTRODUCTIONIn this note, for convenience, let M be a CR manifold or its local neighborhood.An abstract CR manifold is a pair(M, V), where M is a smooth manifold with the dimension 2m+d, V is a complex subbundle of CT(M), which satisfies