The potential of ERS-1/2 Tandem INSAR data in land-cover classification was investigated at a 2500km2 study area around the Helsinki metropolitan area in Southern Finland. The dimension of the interferometric dataset was reduced with Principal Components Transformation (PCT) prior to classification with an unsupervised ISODATA classifier. Classification accuracy was assessed using aerial orthophotos, digital base maps and the Finnish National Forest Inventory (NFI). The overall accuracy for six classes (Field/Open Land, Dense Forest, Sparse Forest, Mixed Urban, Dense Urban, Water) was found to be 90% with kappa coefficient of 0.86. Interferometric coherence carries more land-cover related information than the backscattered intensity. This study confirms that the ERS-1/2 Tandem archives could be exploited for land-cover classification.


The aim of the paper is to identify the educational problems faced by Polish female chess grandmasters during the talent development process, i.e. the time required to win the highest women's title. A free-form, in-depth, qualitative interview method was used; the research tool was a guide prepared based on Françoys Gagné's Comprehensive Model of Talent Development (CMTD). The data was subjected to qualitative analysis: codes and categories relating to educational problems were applied to the interviews with 14 female chess grandmasters.
For female athletes, it is especially important to find a balance between school/academic life and sports practice. Women have much fewer opportunities to make a living from sports than men and are thus forced to prepare for other professions, which is tantamount to combining a sports career with getting an education. This situation can also be observed among female chess players. Additionally, women's performance in chess is significantly lower than men's. Thus, in the series of papers titled "Women in Chess. Problems…", an attempt was made to present female chess grandmasters in the context of hardships that significantly affected the development of their talent. This paper presents hardships related to education.
The study showed that most of the future female grandmasters experienced education-related hardship during secondary school, mainly due to absenteeism from school, poor attitudes of teachers, a lack of interest from the school in their successes, and a non-conformist attitude towards the rules of the school system. As a result of the analysis, it is suggested to disseminate knowledge throughout the school environment concerning the specific nature of chess as a sport discipline and to implement support programs for female and male students who practice it.


Pivot translation is a useful method for translating between languages with little or no parallel data by utilizing parallel data in an intermediate language such as English. A popular approach for pivot translation used in phrase-based or tree-based translation models combines source-pivot and pivot-target translation models into a source-target model, as known as triangulation. However, this combination is based on the constituent words' surface forms and often produces incorrect source-target phrase pairs due to semantic ambiguity in the pivot language, and interlingual differences. This degrades translation accuracy. In this paper, we propose a approach for the triangulation using syntactic subtrees in the pivot language to distinguish pivot language words by their syntactic roles to avoid incorrect phrase combinations. Experimental results on the United Nations Parallel Corpus show the proposed method gains in all tested combinations of language, up to 2.3 BLEU points.1


cially). Far less frequently, acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis is associated with an acute viral or bacterial infection (parvovirus B19, chlamydia and mycoplasma pneumoniae, cytomegalovirus, coxsackievirus. . .). Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis ordinarily resolves within a few days after discontinuation of the causative agent, and the survival rate is over 95%. Even if oral lesions of acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis are not rare and noted in about one-fifth of patients, their clinical and histopathological features were in most cases not investigated. Clinicians should be familiar with both cutaneous and oral mucosal manifestations of acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis.


Gerard "Gerry" Capriulo died suddenly at his home in Clayton, CA, on 15 November 2009. He had earlier that day led a field trip for students from St. Mary's College of California, where he was Fletcher Jones Professor of Biology & Ocean Science, an endowed position he had occupied since 1997. Gerry was born in Brooklyn, NY, and starting as an undergraduate he had a strong collaboration with Ken Gold at the New York Aquarium, where he acquired his enthusiasm for tintinnid ciliates. He graduated magna cum laude from St. John's University and earned Master's and Ph.D. degrees from Stony Brook University on Long Island. After graduate school, Gerry joined the faculty of the State University of New York at Purchase, where he eventually became chair of the Environmental Science Department. While at Purchase, he taught a summer course in Marine Microbial Ecology at the Shoals Marine Lab, and lent his expertise to many environmental organizations, including Save the Sound, Connecticut Audubon, and the Norwalk Aquarium. He was similarly engaged in service activities after his move to California, serving, for example, on the board of the Marine Conservation Research Institute of the Aquarium of the Pacific. Just before his death he was working on plans for an environmental education vessel to take school children from the Oakland area out on San Francisco Bay. Gerry made significant contributions in marine biology and plankton ecology, including his study of tintinnid feeding impact on phytoplankton in Long Island Sound and his studies of plankton in the Hudson River. He edited a book, Ecology of Marine Protozoa (Oxford 1990), that provided one of the first comprehensive reviews of an important link in the emerging microbial loop paradigm. He had an abiding interest in symbioses, and in recent years directed his research efforts towards algal symbiosis in the aggregating sea anemone Anthopleura elegantissima. Gerry will likely be remembered most for his personal traits. These included creativity, expressed through nature photography and playing guitar, and an infectious enthusiasm. He was also gifted with legendary persistence, soldiering on through rough weather in small boats to get his samples despite his strong susceptibility to seasickness. And he was a man of faith. He seemed to find his niche at St. Mary's, where he could combine his scholarship with his faith as well as convey his love for the sea to his students. He helped develop an annual forum at St. Mary's on "God and Science," where the connections between faith and scientific investigation could be explored, and he wrote many pieces on science, nature, and faith for popular consumption. Gerry is survived by his wife, Amelia, daughters Lauren and Rebecca, and a large extended family. He will be missed by all of us who were touched by his boundless enthusiasm for the ocean and its microbial inhabitants. Memorial donations may be made to the St. Bonaventure Catholic Church Capital Campaign, 5562 Clayton Road, Concord, CA 94521 (Contact: email@example.com).


Much of the historic road over the Cumberland Gap in the tristate area of Tennessee, Virginia, and Kentucky follows the original wagon road blazed in 1775. As the population of the region grew, the demand for road improvements became a constant. By 1973, relocation of the road was authorized through a tunnel, with the connection to U.S. 25E through the new tunnel requiring a cloverleaf with ramp to U.S. 58. Construction of the ramp began in 1990. Planned excavation was to cut as deep as 80 feet into Poor Valley Ridge (Tennessee), creating a significant potential for landslides. This article describes how the Federal Highway Administration's Eastern Federal Lands Highway Division designed a solution for this slope failure condition by reviewing data from past landslides and obtaining supplemental subsurface data.


The evaporation is measured by many kinds of instruments in present Guangxi, including E_(20), E_(80) and E_(601) etc. The observation values from different departments or by various instruments differ from each other. In order to make all the information has consistency, it is required to analyze and probe into the observation information from different departments or by different evaporimeters, and converse every evaporation value out of each evaporimeter into a percentage of the standard evaporation measured by evaporimeter E_(601).


The first choice of network access layer of NGB-oriented radio and television operators preferred technology should be,combined the EPON technology with EoC technology,unifies network management,composes of the overall solution,provides through an access network over multiple network functions.


It is a fact that during the last few years, remarkable changes in the production and the appropriation of the knowledge in the global context have been occurring. Based on this fact, this article intends to defend the thesis on that the financing, production and appropriation of the scientific and technological knowledge in the contemporaneous society have become practices that show an increasing tendency of the privatization. This tendency has introduced a new conception, in which interests oriented to themerchandising, commercialization and competitiveness of the knowledge predominate.


The objectives of this research were to study of Situation, Problems and Needs for rehabilitation services for people with disabilities of health stations in Nakhon Pathom Province. The samples were divided into 2 groups including people with disabilities and heads of health stations in Nakhon Pathom Province. Questionnaires were used to collect data from the people with disabilities while in-depth interview was applied to the chairpersons of health stations. Then the data was analyzed by several statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation Pearson's product moment correlation coefficient and analytic induction. The results indicated that the people with disabilities did not access home visiting program nor received any equipment for them. Besides, they lacked knowledge in welfare which they deserved from government sector. They also suffered from economic problem and mostly needed health care providers. For the rehabilitation system of people with disabilities, there were more problems with unskilled personnel, insufficient budget and equipment. For the management, there was no plan and evaluation. For the services, there was no resolution towards the service and coordination with other agencies. Therefore, the people with disabilities could not access to the necessary services consisting of medical treatment, physical therapy, patient referral, home visiting and assistive equipment.


This chapter is about how the idea of 'celebrity' is used to influence, promote, represent and add value to the marketing process. In contemporary society, celebrities are important – this is something that is hard to argue against. Redmond and Holmes (2007) tell us how we embrace the celebrity myth, exploring the ways in which these magical figures give us strong imagery of identities and social meaning that we aspire to reflect within ourselves. Despite the fact that we are often aware of celebrities as mythical inventions created by the media, they can still represent forms of identity we seek to reflect in our personal identities, beyond other identities we feel we are ascribed by society. In the 1970s the celebrated American Football player O.J. Simpson appeared as the central figure in Hertz rent-a-car's advertising campaign – this was a break-through celebrity moment as black Americans were given a positive public reference for their identity that was not related to stigmatised stereotypes of black crime or violence2 (Williams, 2001). O.J. Simpson went on to cultivate his fame in a way that transcended his popularity and success as


Based on American new economic historian North Douglas' path dependence theory,this article analyzes the origin of American 13th Constitutional Amendment.After the founding of the United States,American constitutional system confirmed division of the Southern Slavery and the Northern Free States,and also formed increasing return-path dependence.Before the Civil War,American constitutional system fell into rigid,locked path which is not a good path.Compulsory system change became necessary to break the rigid constitutional system.The United States' Civil War abolished the slave system which had existed in America for 250 years,brought about the 13th Constitutional Amendment,which was the logic product of the slave system.


No earthquake greater than M6 has been documented on the Yilan-Yitong Fault,and no trace of activity since the late pleistocene has been seen either at the northeastern section of the famed Tanlu grand fault zone in eastern China.Thus this fault is recognized active in the early Quaternary and capable of generating moderate quakes.By analyzing high-resolution satellite images and field work,a 70km-long geomorphic scarp in Tonghe County of Heilongjiang Province and a 10km-long geomorphic scarp in Shulan County of Jilin Province were discovered.The scarps are 1~2m high and offset the young terraces.Subsequently,the trench at Tonghe County revealed fault displacement which almost reaches the surface.The uppermost stratum dislocated by the fault is dated to be 1730±40 years B.P.Analysis of geomorphic feature of the fault scarp and the trench profile suggests that an M≥7 paleoearthquake occurred along the fault since 1730±40 B.P.The trench at Shulan County reveals the faulted late Pleistocene stratum covered by stratum dated to be 2360±40 years B.P.All these data suggest that some segments of Yilan-Yitong Fault are active since Holocene and M7 earthquake occurred.So,further detailed research will be necessary to determine the range of the latest activity of this fault,the time of the rupture and recurrence intervals of major earthquakes.These data will be of great significance for earthquake zonation and assessment of seismic risk in this region.


Hypovolaemia leads to a number of physiological responses that require systematic assessment and interpretation. This article focuses on a case study of a patient with Parkinson's disease who became hypovolaemic after a fall at home, to illustrate the impact of hypovolaemia and current recommendations regarding fluid resuscitation. ABCDE (airway, breathing, circulation, disability, exposure) assessment and arterial blood gas analysis are considered, and interpretation is explained in light of the patient scenario.


Abstract This work studied the effects of matrix powder and sintering temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of in situ formed Ti–Al3Ti core–shell-structured particle-reinforced pure Al-based composites. It has been shown that both factors have significant effects on the morphology of the reinforcements and densification behaviour of the composites. Due to the strong interfacial bonding and the limitation of the crack propagation in the intermetallic shell during deformation by soft Al matrix and Ti core, the composite fabricated using fine spherical-shaped Al powder and sintered at 570 °C for 5 h has the optimal combination of the overall mechanical properties. The study provides a direction for the optimum combination of high strength and ductility of the composites by adjusting the fabrication parameters.


829 The remaining essays—by Astradur Eysteinsson and Eysteinn Thorvaldsson, Leonore Gerstein, Santiago Rodríguez Guerrero-Strachan, Stefano Maria Casella, Lihui Liu, and Shunichi Takayanagi—share a focus on historical contexts. While some are more theoretical than others, as a group they offer a distinct fascination by framing Eliot in specific literary histories. Eysteinsson and Thorvaldson on Iceland, like Gerstein on Israel, demonstrate Eliot's reception and influence on tradition and modernity. Casella, on the other hand, combines literary history with comparative modernism by defining Montale's and Luzi's "Dantesque line" (125) of Italian poetry and using it to illuminate Eliot as well as his Italian fellow poets. Similarly, Guerrero-Strachan uses the writings of key Spanish authors to examine Eliot as well as his influence on Spanish poetry. Liu on China and Takayanagi on Japan combine chronological accounts of Eliot's early profound influence with cultural analyses of later gaps during war and political disruption; both give illuminating accounts of Eliot's work, despite periods of exclusion, as a voice for the desolation and waste of their own countries in periods of violence and destruction. While this collection inevitably varies in its theoretical and critical emphases, the quality remains high, and it is well edited. Given the diversity of topics, it would have helped to have a somewhat more developed introduction, but the essays do raise new questions. For example, Trehearne's claim that extensive borrowing from a single poet can be a form of "impersonality" (209) calls for another, longer study. Though his historic and archival work is detailed and illuminating, J. H. Copley's personalization of the break between Eliot and Curtius leads to the odd claim that Curtius attacks Eliot by calling English a "Germanic dialect swamped by the foreign influences of Romance and Latin" (253). This raises unanswered questions about the history of English—given that Anglo-Saxon is, in fact, a Germanic language that did later merge with French—and why this would be a personal attack at all, while Eliot's quoted statement in 1940 that he "does not like" Germans is not seen as an attack on Curtius "personally" (254, 259). It is worth noting this emphasis since it seems a problematic distinction in contrast to the article's significant historical material. Däumer's compelling argument for the importance of Eva Hesse raises important questions about how one should evaluate a more free and open translation. And the absence of any women authors other than Hesse suggests gaps to be filled. But given the originality of this project and the value of its many voices, these are challenges for individual readers: they call for more study in the directions laid out. This book is an essential resource for all Eliot scholars; it adds to the reconsideration of Eliot as a more complicated figure than much traditional Anglo-American reading made of him.


Objective: To explore the relation between teacher-student relationship and student personality characteristics.Methods: 492 rural junior students were assessed with EPQ and Adolescent Teacher-student Relationship Scale.Results: ①The scores of emotion relation dimension for all subjects were lower than those of teaching and position relation;Boys' scores on teaching and position relations were lower than those of girls.②The negative correlations between E scores and position relation(r=-0.16),negative correlations between N scores,P scores and teacher-student relationship(0.30≦∣r∣≦0.43),and positive correlations between L scores and teacher-student relationship(0.12≦r≦0.25) were all significant.③Among those who perceived their teacher-student relationship as harmony type,70.0% of the students were of emotion-stabilized personality types;while among those who perceived their teacher-student relationship as distressed type,85.8% were of non-emotion-stabilized personality types.Conclusion: Teacher-student relationship quality of boys in rural junior schools was worse than that of girls.Students' personality characteristics related to their teacher-student relationship.


Technological upgrades, progressive scientific and technical developments are a direct reflection of the challenges of the 21st century, the overcoming of which implies a review of the content of education and the results obtained from it, aimed at developing a creative, self-planning, results' predicting personalities. The acquisition of the mentioned qualities is ensured by the introduction of a chess game in the educational process, the purpose of which is not only to learn chess, but also to develop cognitive, emotional qualities at young age (Karapetyan & Misakyan, 2020), action prediction, thinking quality, decision-making quality, performing analytical actions (Kasparov, 2007).


This paper describes a generic model of the new product design and development (NPDD) process. The model has been derived from best practice observed in fieldwork carried out in a range of situations. The model helps to identify and put the company's NPDD activities into the context of the overall NPDD process. It has been found to be a useful means of organising data on firms' NPDD activities without imposing an overly‐prescriptive "how to" model of NPDD. The framework which underpins the model will help to promote a discussion of the approaches undertaken within a company's NPDD process, thereby promoting understanding and improvement of the process.


Тhe article discusses the basics of development and production of materials for shielding electromagnetic fields in a wide range of frequencies. The purpose of these materials is to cover large surface areas. The basic requirements for these types of materials have been established. The main ones are: the front surface must have electrophysical properties (dielectric and magnetic permeability) to ensure the lowest possible reflection coefficient of electromagnetic waves. At the same time, it is mandatory to simultaneously ensure the characteristics of strength, fire resistance, non-toxicity, etc. The content of radio-absorbing particles and effective dielectric (magnetic) permeability in the interlayer of the layered structure in the direction of growth of the substrate should ensure broadband and efficiency of the material. The dispersion dependence should ensure uniform absorption of electromagnetic energy and its passage from the input surface to the substrate in a given frequency range. Based on the maximum and minimum wavelengths of the shielding field, permeability and thickness of individual layers, calculations of the required thickness of the gradient material for a given reflection coefficient are given. Thanks to heat treatment of the surface of the material in the manufacturing process, the possibility of manufacturing monolithic metal-polymer screens with surface layers of low dielectric permeability is shown. The possibility of creating monolithic metal-polymer screens from ferromagnetic finely dispersed substances with an adjustable gradient in the direction from the front surface to the bottom is demonstrated, and a technical solution is given. This material can be used to control the ratio of shielding factors for high-frequency electromagnetic fields, ultra-low-frequency electric and magnetic fields, as well as concomitant shielding from natural magnetic fields.


A kind of singular perturbation method is used to remove secular terms in Hilbert expansion and Enskog expansion of the normal solution and those in Grad expansion of the "initial layer" solution of Boltzmann equation (B.e.). The problem of solving B.e. in the "boundary layer" is reduced to that of solving a set of linear algebraic equations.


Phase change materials are capable of storing and releasing energy in the form of heat in determined temperature ranges, so to increase a building's thermal inertia, stabilize its indoor temperatures and reduce its energetic demand. Therefore, if we used these materials we could have more energetically efficient buildings. Nevertheless, are these materials most appropriate to be used in buildings? Could the incorporation of phase change materials in buildings with concrete structures be generalized? This article aims to carry out a review of these phase change materials from construction professionals' points of view, study their applications for buildings with reinforced concrete structures and the key points for these applications, draw conclusions and provide recommendations useful for all professionals within the sector who are considering the application of these materials.


THE appraisal of individual interests has become one of the major objectives of vocational guidance. According to Super (KO) the study of interests probably ranks first among the human characteristics studied by vocational psychologists. This current stress on interest assessment of counselees and job applicants, though originally based on a rationalistic assumption of its importance to job performance and satisfaction, is increasingly being supported by empirical studies of validity


Drawing on a mixed method research, this paper deals with teaching and technological innovation policies in the field of education, focusing on the implementation of the "Digital Agenda" in Sardinian schools from 2012 to 2015. Following Pierre Bourdieu's field theory (1984; 1989) and S. Ball's micro-political perspectives on the analyses of social processes within schools, this article aims to highlight the mobilization of teachers as policy actors i.e. as groups who help to convey and disseminate the meanings and concepts that define the policy and its moral and political objectives. In particular, we should like to emphasize three emerging dimensions of teacher commitment in the digital project: conversion, implying the acceptance of an ensemble of beliefs; mobilisation, implying the commitment to collective or organizational actions; materiality, implying a new material order that conveys a new logic of things.


Spinal anesthesia is one of the most used anesthetic techniques, having been in existence for over 100 years, and over time it has been improved by the development of a new needle design, gauge, tip shapes, as well as more precise indications and contraindications. However, even so, there are still possible complications due to this procedure, especially headache after puncture of the dura mater, and, because of that, this procedure carries with it a great increase of taboos and prejudices. Although it is clear that reducing the size of the dural perforation reduces CSF loss, thus making the incidence of headache less likely, there are many other issues to be clarified regarding the pathophysiology, treatment and prevention of post-dural puncture headache. How does needle design, size, and orientation influence CSF leakage through dural perforation? Can pharmacological methods reduce symptoms of post-dural puncture headache? Can epidural blood patch help in the treatment of post-spinal anesthesia headache? Can epidural blood patch act prophylactically? Does epidural saline solution reduce the rate of CSF loss? Thus, this article aims to answer these questions according to the most recent studies and make an objective review of post spinal anesthesia headache with an approach to pathophysiology, diagnosis, clinical scenario, risk factors, prevention and therapeutic options.


A study was made of the antigenic changes that result when milks are boiled, evaporated, superheated, dried or acidified. This was done to determine why individuals sensitive to raw or pasteurized milk can generally tolerate milks modified by heat. The milk proteins were purified and their immunochemical reactions studied by the anaphylaxis method in the guinea pig. It was found that the proteins isolated from raw milk are chemically and biologically distinct. The immunochemistry of evaporated, superheated, freshly boiled, acidified and dried milks and their immunological relation to the purified proteins from raw milk were studied. It was found that there were no antigenic changes as a result of drying, acidification or pasteurization. Milks that were dried, acidified, superheated or evaporated showed no loss in the antigenic properties of the casein fraction. As a sensitizing agent, given by injection, evaporated, freshly boiled and superheated milks showed practically no loss in the antigenic character of the lactalbumin fraction but as a shock agent these milks showed an unmistakable loss in the antigenic properties of the whey proteins. Raw and the various modifications of milk described above were fed to a large number of guinea pigs. Evaporated, freshly boiled and acidified evaporated milk, when fed, showed a marked reduction in sensitizing ability. The acidified raw, dried and superheated milks did not differ from the raw milk. A human case markedly sensitive to lactalbumin was studied immunologically. This patient developed anaphylactic shock with recovery when given 0.02 cc. of a 1% solution of pure lactalbumin intracutaneously. The blood serum containing lactalbumin antibodies passively sensitized normal guinea pigs and the skin of normal human recipients. The child was shown to tolerate evaporated milk in large amounts although raw milk, taken by mouth, in very small amounts produced anaphylactic reactions.


Newly-built local universities are in the unfavorable position in introducing high-level talents.Using documents research and case study,this paper intends to explore the possible talent bring-in strategies by taking advantage of local characteristics.


Radiolysis of Co(II) and Co(III) diethylenetriamine pentaacetate complex, both in the presence and the absence of oxygen, was investigated. The radiolytic degradation of the ion chelate was determined. A radiolylic mechanism has been proposed and discussed


Due to its suitable band energy level and small band gap, CdIn2S4 is a promising photoanode for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. Nevertheless, the serious charge recombination at the back contact and photoelectrode/electrolyte interface severely hinders its PEC activity. Herein, a facile magnetron ion‐sputtering strategy is adopted to fabricate TiO2 underlayer and NiO overlayer to modify both sides of CdIn2S4 photoanode. The TiO2 underlayer serves as an electron transport layer to promote electrons transfer from CdIn2S4 to fluorine‐doped tin oxide substrate and hinder holes' transportation, thus suppressing the charge recombination at the back contact. NiO, as a p‐type semiconductor, forms a p‐n heterojunction with CdIn2S4, inducing a built‐in electric field to facilitate charge transport. Meanwhile, NiO overlayer acts as a co‐catalyst to enhance surface reaction kinetics, and thereby improves the carrier injection efficiency at photoelectrode/electrolyte interface. As a result, the optimum TiO2/CdIn2S4/NiO photoanode exhibits photocurrent as high as 0.6 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, which is about 2.3 times that of bare CdIn2S4. This work provides an effective strategy to manipulate the charge carrier dynamics to improve the PEC activity of photoanode.


Families of African Americans were purposefully maintained fragmented to support the culture of slavery. They overcame institutional prejudice, legal segregation, and poverty in order to maintain their loose construction. In Their Eyes Were Watching God, African American families are subjected to systematic discrimination that creates chaos and internal hatred by encouraging racial preference, affirmative action, targeted citizenship, personal bias, gender inequality, and other issues. This research sheds light on this issue. Systemic discrimination in this research refers to institutional inequity, prevailing intolerance, marginalization, and rejection of a person/character based on membership in a certain group. These concepts in the chosen novel have been examined using theoretical framework produced by Critical Race Theory. The novel's textual analysis indicates that systematic prejudice aids in the transfer of racial oppression from the individual to the institution of marriage and family life functioning in society. The study also demonstrates the negative consequences of institutionalized inequality on marriage and family structures, which destabilize communities and present African American families as weak and loosely knit.


The invention discloses a method of measuring the density of a stratum through sound waves. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, placing a horizontal probe in a well, making a supersonic wave perpendicular to the wall of the well and enter the wall of the well, conducting vertical reflection of the supersonic wave on the wall of the well, and calculating a reflection coefficient through the obtained incident wave and the obtained reflection wave; secondly, conducting Fourier transform FFT on a waveform measured in the first step, obtaining the frequency spectrum of the waveform, selecting the maximum value, and calculating the value of the reflection coefficient by means of the maximum value of the frequency spectrum; and thirdly, calculating the density of a stratum through an approximation linear plate provided by the invention according to a reflection wave coefficient obtained through the reflection coefficient in the first step or the maximum value of the frequency spectrum in the second step. The method measures the density of a stratum through sound waves, and prevents radioactive sources from damaging humans and environment. A sidewall contact device is not needed, the construction safety is improved, the construction risk is reduced, and the quality of work is guaranteed.


ABSTRACT : This research to present whether economic democration as Stated in the 1945 Constotution, Article 33, has been able to be operationalized in to the Qanuns of Aceh for developing production athmosphir. This research refers secondary data, such as primary, secondary, tertiary resources. However emperical data was also used for quiding analysis of the research. Research finding shows that the effort of developing production athmosphir in case of the special authonomy in Aceh through regional and procedures regulation was not effectively achieved. This was indicated by unability of Aceh Government in constructing legislations product either for implementing obligation affairs or section of choices as there were mentioned in law Number 11, 2006 on Government of Aceh. Besides, effort of making debeaurocratization in permit services, it was not regulated yet in Qanun of Aceh. Identification for Qanun of Aceh in Developing Production Athmosphir Toward Economic Democration Based on 1945 Constitution


As spontaneous abortion is a frequent finding in females with Factor XIII (FXIIl) deficiency it has been presumed that the plasmatic or cellular form of this clotting factor is essential to normal fetus development. In this context it is of special interestthat FXIII subunit a has been demonstrated in the homoge-nate of human uterus and placenta by activity measurements and immunobiochemical methods. However, no information on its cellular distribution has beenpublished, so far. In the present study first FXIII subunit a was detected in paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections by immunoperoxidase technique. FXIII containing cells were localized in the connective tissue of uterus and in the mesenchyme of placental chorionic villi. Though in a single report FXIII containing connective tissue cells were interpreted as fibroblasts (Fear et al., J.Clin.Pathoi.,37,560, 1984) the mononuclear, multipolar, stellate morphological appearance of these cells suggested that they rather belong to the monocyte/macrophage cell line. To characterize them the immuno-fluorescent detection of FXIII subunit a was combined by the visualization of different marker antigens for tissue macrophages (RFDT, Leu M3, HLA-DR) and fibroblasts (IIG10) on frozen sections. The coexpression of FXIII subunit a with RFD7 and Leu M3 macrophage markers, butnot with fibroblast membrane antigen IIG10 clearly proves that FXIII containing cells both in the uterusand in the placenta are tissue macrophages. HLA-DR was strongly expressed in cells positive for FXIII subunit a. in the uterus, but not or only very weakly in the placental mesenchyme, which might be due to the relative absence of extrinsic antigens during fetal development. The morphological findings on the presence of FXIII subunit a in placental macrophages were further strengthened by immunobiochemical experiments. FXIII subunit a, but not b content of isolated placental macrophages was also verified by immunoblotting, while fibroblasts were shown to be exemptof this factor. The results well agree with our previous findings demonstrating FXIII subunit a in humanmonocytes and peritoneal macrophages (Muszbek et al., Thrombos. Res. ,37, 401,1985; Adány et al. , Eur.J.Cell Biol.,38,171,1985).


Isohexides, like e.g. isosorbide, are well-known carbohydrate-based rigid diols which are capable of dramatically increasing the glass transition temperature of polyesters. However, their relatively low reactivity has thus far hampered large-scale industrial applications in the polymer field. Recently, with the aim to increase reactivity while at the same time retain rigidity, we have developed a new isoidide dicarboxylic acid (IIDCA) by transforming the secondary hydroxyls into carboxylate functionalities. Here we report the first polymers based on IIDCA and linear α,ω-diols. The novel polyesters were obtained via melt polymerization and exhibited weight-average molecular weights in the range of 13 000–34 000 g/mol and polydispersities close to 2.0. NMR analyses showed that the exo–exo configuration of the isoidide dicarboxylate units was preserved during synthesis. Both differential scanning calorimetry and wide-angle X-ray diffraction analyses showed that the IIDCA polyesters are semicrystalline materi...


view [1], titled "Syringomyelia and Arnold Chiari in scoliosis initially classified as idiopathic: experience with 25 patients", I believe the headline is ambiguous. According to the authors, "idiopathic scoliosis" fails to be idiopathic once syringomyelia or Arnold Chiari malformation has been detected. This view is not shared by most of the authors and is inconsistent with the views expressed in the accompanying discussion in the same article, namely: "the etiology of scoliosis associated with syringomyelia is still unknown". The term "pseudoidiopathic" is also confusing, referring to idiopathic scoliosis associated with neurological disorders. In this case, I would refer to the interesting contribution made by Roth, who explains idiopathic scoliosis related to Chiari malformation as an attempt of the spinal column to minimize a sagittal traction, which in turn forces the cerebellar tonsils down. All of this is a consequence of a growing imbalance between the neuroaxis and neurorachis [2–4]. I agree with the authors that two types of scoliosis may be present in syringomyelia. The "paralytic" type occurs as a result of neurological impairment in severe syringomyelia. The second type is "idiopathic" scoliosis, which, like Roth [3], I believe is caused by the same mechanism as the syringomyelia associated with Chiari malformation: a medullar traction. The latter type always precedes syringomyelia [5–7]. According to my point of view, the "idiopathic" scoliosis and the scoliosis that is associated with syringomyelia/Chiari malformation are the same entity, since both represent the spinal column's attempt to ease a traction transmitted by a tight filum terminale syndrome. Chiari malformation would be a result of the traction exerted on the lower part of the cerebellum. Likewise, syringomyelia is due to centrospinal ischemia caused by the traction forces on the cervical spinal cord with a centripetal distribution of medullar vessels [8–10]. The main difference between the types of scoliosis is the lack of association with other neurological disorders that characterizes idiopathic scoliosis. As a result of its minimization, which is due to a variety of possible circumstances (i.e. range of medullar traction; presence of a little occipital hole, which makes the cerebellar tonsils passage difficult; or by the range of medullar elasticity related to age, which is adapted without ischemia to the traction) [8, 11], idiopathic scoliosis is not associated with other neurological disorders. The fact that encouraging results have been obtained with mechanical liberation of the neuroaxis by performing a filum terminale resection [10] supports the hypothesis that the etiology of Chiari I/syringomyelia/ scoliosis is medullar traction. References


Densities and viscosities of mixtures of monoethanolamine (MEA) + ethylene glycol (EG) + water were measured at temperatures of (30, 40, 50, 60, and 70) °C. The concentration ranges were 0 to 84.7 mass % for both water and EG at 15.3 mass % MEA and 0 to 70.0 mass % for both water and EG at 30.0 mass % MEA. The experimental values were correlated as functions of temperature. The maximum deviations were less than 0.01% for densities and 0.4% for viscosities.


A simple, rapid, precise, rapid, sensitive and reproducible reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method for determination of Telmisartan in tablet dosage form was developed and validated. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a 250 × 4.6 mm, 5μ, Waters symmetry column in gradient mode, with mobile phase consisting of a mixture of solution (10 mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate, pH 3.5 ± 0.01): acetonitrile (64:40) was used. The quantitation performed at flow rate of 1.0 ml/min at 230 nm and run time was 12 min. The analytical method was validated as per ICH guideline for linearity, accuracy, precision, specificity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, robustness and stability and method can be extended to the analysis of Telmisartan in tablet formulations. The relative standard deviation values for precision was less than 2%, and % recovery was greater than 98% for Telmisartan. The drug undergoes oxidative degradation, thermal degradation and in alkali medium.


Methods for use in the flexural analysis and design of a partially prestressed concrete section are outlined. A typical design example is presented and the results obtained by different design methods are compared. Methods proposed by Moustafa, Naaman and Siriaksorn, Bachmann, and Nilson are all suitable for design purposes. The graphs developed by Moustafa are useful in expediting design. The method proposed by Abeles, which is based on the use of a fictitious tensile stress in the concrete, is generally not recommended. Key words: concrete (prestress), design, flexure, partial prestressing.


Reviews the set of studies that seek to validate quality rating and improvement systems and discusses the opportunities for future validation studies.


It is generally recognized that the main factors affecting the timing accuracy of a typical γ-ray detection system based on SiPM's coupled to fast scintillators are related to the statistical properties of the scintillation light, to the parameters of the SiPM and to the performance of the front-end electronics used to read out the detectors. In our study, Geant4 Monte Carlo simulations have been exploited to reproduce the statistical characteristics of the photon emission from the scintillator in response to the photoelectric absorption of a γ-ray. Each Monte Carlo trial provides the incidence times of the emitted photons on the surface of the detector. A comprehensive electrical model of the SiPM coupled to the front-end electronics allows finding the waveform of the elementary current pulses produced by each single photon which triggers the avalanche breakdown in a micro-cell of the SiPM, taking into account also the interconnection parasitics. Combining the available information for each Monte Carlo trial, the overall pulse waveform, obtained in response to the photoelectric interaction of a y-ray in the scintillator, is reconstructed. In case a leading edge discriminator is used to generate the signal which marks the arrival of the event, it is possible to study the accuracy of this timing signal as a function of the threshold level, considering also the contribution from the electronic noise of the front-end. Using this procedure, it is possible to distinguish the contribution of each individual parameter affecting the timing accuracy of the detection system and, in particular, to obtain useful indications for an effective choice of the specifications of the front-end electronics.


Antiferromagnetic transition in a-Mn-Fe alloys has been studied using resistivity-temperature measurements from 300 to 1.5 K. The results indicate that the transition temperature TN of the samples studied increases with increasing Fe concentration. This suggests that the N\'{e}el temperature is affected by Fe. Also, Fe plays a significant role in the local disorder on the magnetic moment of the ions in the complex manganese structure.


SUMMARY Normal and brown midrib-3 (bm3) maize silages were fed to sheep, lactating cows and dairy calves to determine the effect of the bm3 gene on in vivo digestibility, dry-matter intake and animal performance. In two trials wether sheep were fed either normal or bm3 maize silage at maintenance level. In the first experiment the bm3 gene significantly increased the digestibility of the organic matter(OM), cell wall constituents (CWC), acid-detergent fibre (ADF), cellulose and hemicellulose from 76·9, 74·7, 67·3, 74·2 and 79·5% to 79·6, 79·2, 75·8, 80·8 and 81·5%. In the second experiment the gene increased the digestibility of the OM, CWC, ADF and cellulose from 65·9, 44·7, 28·5 and 38·7% to 701, 59·3, 560 and 66·1, 39·1,32·8, 40·4 and 45·5% to 68·1, 51·9, 53·7, 58·0 and 49·2%. The digestibility of the protein was similar for both diets. In a feeding trial 6-month-old calves were fed either normal or bm3 silage ad libitum together with 1·6 kg D.M. of a protein supplement. The dry-matter intake of the two silages was similar; however, the daily live-weight gain of 0·92 kg for calves fed the bm3 diet was significantly higher than the 0·83 kg for calves fed the normal diet.


Objective:To decrease the complications and death rate of pregnant women and their infant whose glucose metabolism is anomalous during gestation period.Methods:The clinical data of twenty pregnant women suffering from abnormal glucose metabolism in our hospital from 1995 to 2003 were analyzed retrospectively and the results were compared with that of normal pregnant women.Results:Women with abnormal glucose metabolism in the gestation period had obviously higher death rate of pregnant women and their infant and infants than other pregnant women(P=0.041 5-P=0.0013).Conclusions:Enhancing the examination and treatment of pregnant women whose glucose metabolism is anomalous during pregnant and labor period,and choosing appropriate laboring methods can decrease the incidence of complications of anomalous glucose metabolism and death rate of pregnant women and their infant and make the diabetes diagnosed and treated as early as possible.


Background The long-term impact of dividing Piriformis when performing a standard posterior approach to the hip has not been assessed. A less invasive approach in which the tendon is preserved has been described (the Piriformis-sparing minimally invasive [PSMI] approach). With advances in MRI technology it is now possible to image structures in close proximity to metal without artifact. The aim of the study was to compare the MRI features (muscle grade and bulk) of the divided and repaired Piriformis tendon group (by the standard posterior approach) with the preserved tendon group (by the PSMI approach). Methods As part of an on-going randomized controlled trial comparing the PSMI approach with the standard posterior approach for total hip replacement, a subgroup of 20 consecutive patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were recruited. Patients received preoperative and 3 months and 2 year postoperative MRI scans. Patients and evaluators were blinded to allocation. Outcomes assessed included grade, volume and integrity of Piriformis. Results There was significantly less deterioration in muscle grade (p = 0.002) and bulk (p = 0.013) in the preserved Piriformis tendon group in comparison to the divided and repaired Piriformis group. There was equal deterioration in muscle grade and bulk of all divided tendons (Obturator Internus and Piriformis by the standard approach and Obturator Internus by the PSMI approach). The majority (10/11) of the Piriformis tendons by the PSMI approach were intact post-operatively. Conclusions The PSMI approach, in which the Piriformis tendon is preserved, is successful in maintaining the integrity of the tendon as well as preventing deterioration in grade and bulk of the muscle belly.


ion Layer of a database system. TEAL is an implementation of a framework for secure storage and resides inside Abstraction Layer of a database (DBAL). We demonstrate how TEAL integrates transparently into existing applications. Furthermore, we explain query processing on encrypted data by re-using components of the DBAL. Finally, we visualize the impact of the processing steps of TEAL on the run-time performance of the query processing. Our demonstration shows that TEAL allows to integrate secure storage easily and with a reasonable increase of the execution times into object-relational mapping.


The unsteady free convection flow past an infinite vertical plate with Newtonian heating has been studied in the presence of thermal radiation for a uniformly accelerated plate and an exponentially accelerated plate. The problem is solved under the conditions of (i) uniform wall concentration (UWC) and (ii) uniform mass flux (UMF) by Laplace transform technique. Closed form analytical expressions for the velocity and the skin-friction are obtained for various cases. It is observed that an increase in the buoyancy ratio parameter leads to a decrease in the skin-friction.


The reviewer found this book to be an excellent addition to the bookshelf of industrial practitioners of catalysis in addition to members of the academic community with an interest in catalysis. The authors have combined many years of experiment in both research and teaching into the organization and writing of this book. The book has been organized into three parts. Part I details the deactivation of catalytic surfaces with emphasis on microscopic processes, Part II emphasizes catalyst deactivation through macroscopic processes, and Part III outlines global processes in connection with the deactivation and regeneration of fixed-bed reactors.


Impacts cause electronic cabinet breakdown.Based on the expression of relative displacements and acceleration of electronic cabinet,the design methods and theoretical foundation for buffer system with or without the application of damping are obtained.The optimal damping ratio method is particularly introduced for the frequent application of damping,which greatly helps to improve the buffering effect of electronic cabinet in vehicles.


Objective To simulate the process of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on patients after decompressive craniectomy (DC), and to model cortical electric field distributions under different electrode montages, we constructed a finite element model that represented the human head at high resolution. Methods Using computed tomography images, we constructed a human head model with high geometrical similarity. The removed bone flap was simplified to be circular with a diameter of 12 cm. We then constructed finite element models according to bioelectrical parameters. Finally, we simulated tDCS on the finite element models under different electrode montages. Results Inward current had a linear relationship with peak electric field value, but almost no effect on electric field distribution. If the anode was not over the skull hole (configuration 2), there was almost no difference in electric field magnitude and focality between the circular and square electrodes. However, if the anode was right over the hole (configuration 1), the circular electrodes led to higher peak electric field values and worse focality. In addition, configuration 1 significantly decreased focality compared with configuration 2. Conclusion Our results might serve as guidelines for selecting current and electrode montage settings when performing tDCS on patients after DC.


The relaxation length for fast neutron in magnetite concrete heated to 200 deg C is 9.74 cm, compared to 9.52 cm after heating to 100 deg C, and 8.75 cm before heating. The largest change in relaxation length occurred as a result of heating to 100 deg C. It appears that at or below 100 deg C, the concrete loses more water than in subsequent heating steps. Attempts to confirm the water loss by weighing the slabs were not accurate enough to be conclusive, although definte weight losses occurred during each heating. (auth)


ABSTACT
Background: Influenza virus is an orthomyxovirus that known as one the causes of significant numbers of natural infections and disease, mainly infecting the upper respiratory tract, in humans, domestic pigs, horses, and numerous bird species. Maternal derived antibodies interfered the efficacy of the vaccination against avian influenza in early age in chicks.

Material and method: Eight groups of one day old commercial broiler chicks were kept in isolators along all the study. Groups 1, 2 and 3 were vaccinated with the prepared vaccine ; group 4, 5 and 6 were vaccinated with one of the imported H5N1 reassortant containing 300 HAU at 1, 5 and 10 days of age; respectively. Groups 7 and 8 were positive and negative groups for the challenge trial. Blood samples were collected weekly for 4 weeks of age and tested by HI test. Post challenge, tracheal and cloacal swabs were collected at 3, 5, 7, and 10 days and tested by both real time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) and virus titration in SPF eggs.

Results: HI test revealed no significant difference between groups in the first 3 weeks post vaccination and group 2 showed lower significant statistical difference. Results of the challenge trial revealed 0, 14, 80 % and 0, 14 and 86 % of protection in groups 1,2,3 and groups 4, 5, and 6; respectively. RT-PCR and virus isolation revealed that all chicken groups vaccinated at 1 and 5 days of age demonstrated 100% shedding at 3, 5, 7 and 10 days post challenge. However, groups 3 and 6 which were vaccinated at 10 days of age revealed difference in shedding pattern where group 3(vaccinated with local prepared vaccine) showed 100 shedding by rRT-PCR and 100%, 60% and 60 % of the chickens in tracheal swabs and 100%, 80% and 60%in cloacal swabs when tested by virus isolation in eggs at 3, 5 and 7 days post challenge; respectively. Swabs of 10 days post challenge of group 3 were positive by rRT-PCR and negative by virus isolation. On the other hand, group 6 (vaccinated with imported vaccine) demonstrated shedding % at 3 and 5 days post challenge by both rt-RT-PCR and virus isolation were positive in 60% and 20% for tracheal and 80% and 20% for cloacal swabs ; respectively. At 7 and 10 days shedding of all chickens in group 6 were negative by both rRT-PCR and virus isolation.

Conclusion: Indeed, there is evidence of interfering of maternal antibodies to vaccination at 1, and 5 days. Also, the 300HAU of antigen in the prepared avian influenza H5N1 vaccine are not enough in reduction of virus shedding post challenge


Equations used to develop the CO 2-Ca-pH relationships in calcareous soils are reviewed. The equation is used to draw a three-dimensional surface and to derive three partial differential equations to illustrate the relationships between CO2 partial pressure, Ca activity and pH. lc is a combination of Henry's Law constant, the first and second dissociation constants for carbonic acid and the calcite solubility product. The three dimensional CO2-Ca-pH surface illustrates how the three parameters relate to each other under ideal conditions. The partial differential equations are presented to illustrate how changes in one parameter affect the other two. The CO,-Ca-pH surface provides a graphical method for introducing the idea of three component equilibria, while the partial differential equations provide a mathematical representation of these interactions for those with chemical thermodynamics or strong mathematic or modeling backgrounds. Deviations from this Ideal model in natural systems are discussed for those who wish to extend the discussion to natural systems.


A theoretical model of the phylogenetic and ontogenetic development of bird orientation is presented where navigation is taken to be phylogenetically older than migratory orientation. Starting out from orientation by landmarks and the ability for compass orientation birds are assumed to use route reversal based on compass orientation to become familiar with the distribution of landmarks and thus to form a directionally oriented integrative picture of the distribution of landmarks, the "mosaic map", for orientation within the home range. Applying the same mechanisms to factors with the nature of gradients results in a learned grid of coordinates, the "navigational map", allowing homing from unfamiliar terrain by extrapolation. Additionally, migratory birds are assumed to have innate information on the direction and distance of their migration, the direction being genetically fixed using as a reference system the compass already developed for orientation within the home range.


In full respect of the original, historical, cultural and natural conditions of the original site, contemporary Landscape Architecture can help to convert the site into public space characterised with a full range of functionalities. Extending the social offer of given sites with leisure and recreation options, the landscape architecture contributes to reshape public spaces into better and more sustainable places. Referring to three different case studies exemplifying the transformation of abandoned sites into functional public space during urban and rural regeneration in China, the paper focuses on the research of regeneration of sites converted into public space intended to provide recreation, leisure and educational opportunities to local communities. Through the application of a variety of forms and techniques, the contemporary Landscape Architecture can increase the appeal of public space and its vitality. This paper aims to present the results of the analysis of three different modern landscape designs implemented in abandoned areas. The referred to examples clearly testify for the fact that the contemporary landscape architecture can effectively promote the integration of education and leisure to create open space compliant with the ecological principles of sustainable development, i.e. where identification and assessment of the relationship between Landscape Architecture and the surroundings, identification and assessment of the diversity and attractiveness of public space and possible Landscape Architecture solutions can turn into direct benefits for the space users.


To begin with, there's a strange phenomenon popping up around the country. Scientists are stepping out of their laboratories and speaking to the media about something that has them quite concerned. It's not the threat of a new flu pandemic; it's not the threat of nuclear weapons proliferation, or even the possible threat of global warming. It's something called Intelligent Design. Intelligent design is the field of study that investigates signs of intelligence. It identifies those features of objects that reliably signal the action of an intelligent cause. The theory of intelligent design holds that certain features of the universe and of living things are best explained by an intelligent cause, not an undirected process such as natural selection. Through the study and analysis of a system's components, a design theorist is able to determine whether various natural structures are the product of chance, natural law, intelligent design, or some combination thereof. Such research is conducted by observing the types of information produced when intelligent agents act. Scientists then seek to find objects which have those same types of informational properties which we commonly recognize come from intelligence. Intelligent design has applied these scientific methods to detect design in irreducibly complex biological structures, the complex and specified information content in DNA, the life-sustaining physical architecture of the universe, and the geologically rapid origin of biological diversity in the fossil record during the Cambrian explosion approximately 530 million years ago. Despite intelligent design's clear linkage, both methodologically and in content, with existing sciences that sift the effects of intelligence from undirected natural forces, critics of intelligent design often label it a form of creationism.


This article presents the results of a time-limited psychological relief effort using eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) following the attacks on the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001. Clients made highly significant positive gains on a range of outcome variables, including validated psychometrics and self-report scales. Analyses of the data suggest 2 broad conclusions: EMDR is a useful treatment intervention both in the immediate aftermath of disaster as well as later; the longer treatment is delayed, the greater the level of disturbance experienced by clients. Also discussed are problems in conducting research during mass disaster response situations. A demonstration of an analog to a wait-list control group is provided.


The key to understanding and grasping the actus reus of embezzlement correctly lies in the definition of the prior acts of holding property by the requirements of the actus reus;the constitution and nature of "illegal appropriation";whether "refusing to return;refusing to hand over" in embezzlement is an element of actus reus or an element of circumstance;the relationship between "refusing to return;refusing to hand over" and "illegal appropriation";whether relevant persons ask for "claims";whether the perpetrator of embezzlement expresses "refusing to return;refusing to hand over" clearly;which are all controversial issues that need to be focused on.


A periodic density functional study of the V, Fe, and Ni sublayer doped MgO(100) and BaO(100) surfaces was carried out using a periodic approach in the context of the GGA approximation. Results suggest that doping atoms accommodate better in the MgO than in BaO because covalent radii of the doping atoms are closer to that of the Mg atom. Sizes of the doping atom, bulk forces, and electronic effects play an important role in the structural changes observed in doped surfaces studied herein. From all the doped studies, Ni doped Ba(100) surface is shown to be a promising material for trapping molecules with partially occupied states.


Throughout the process of identification of criminals, villagers' testimonies show that surveillance had been conducted well before any offence took place. Anything foreign or unusual was immediately noticed. Identification was then achieved through «talk» (rumors) which linked individuals to the incriminating occurence. The prevote of Arches was often confronted with delinquents who took advantage of the border to try and escape the judicial system of neighboring Lorraine. The justice system had to be able to identify and bring under control criminal populations. But thieves had developed some tricks of their own to escape its grasp, and its agents may have ended up capturing mostly occasional thieves, rather than hardened criminals.


Mucus from selected Red Sea coelentcrates was analyzed for protein, polysaccharide, lipid, monosaccharides, and amino acids. While the proportions of the macromolecular fractions of the different mucins varied widely, the individual makeup of the component proteins and polysaccharides was more uniform. The appearance and transformation of liquid mucus into mucus floc or web material was revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Observations on the mucus web-forming coral Porites astreoides from Barbados suggested that sediment capture is at least partly responsible for the apparent denaturation of secreted mucus and the transformation of liquid mucus into particulate detritus.


Vehicle towing is the procedure of towing awayvehicles parked in non-parking areas or areas causing hindrance to ongoing traffic, including wrecked vehicles. Such vehicles are either locked by a jammer or are taken away by the traffic regulatory team, after which the vehicle owner must pay the requested fine to retrieve the vehicle. This procedure is followed all around the world to penalize citizens who park their vehicles in non-parking areas or whose in areasthat obstruct ongoing traffic. In our project, we aim to increase the vehicle towing system's efficiency by completely automating it, thereby helping the traffic regulatory team, the government and its' citizens. The project is currently being developed as per the requirements of the Navi Mumbai Traffic Police. In this project, we will design an automated vehicle towing system that is implemented using two methods one is a digital lock that can be unlocked by entering the correct password on the keypad attached and second is scanning the perpetrator's vehicle's number plate. The user interface will include two applications one for the perpetrator and the other for the traffic regulatory (TRT) team. The details of the vehicle would also be updated and linked with the RTO, thus making it possible for the perpetrator to pay the fine immediately via our payment gateway. Our complete system includes a digital lock, Google Vision for scanning the vehicle number and a payment gateway for paying the fine. The system aims at reducing the complexity of the current system that requires a user to manually head over to the traffic police to pay their fine. Perpetrators unfamiliar with a particular area may face a lot of problems in doing so as the current system is neither clear nor specific about the entire vehicle towing process. Furthermore, the TRT may run out of locks or not be able to tow all vehicles that are parked in areas that cause hindrance. Our system's automated outlook overcomes all these drawbacks. Furthermore, corruption is reduced as it discourages any officials from collecting bribes so as to release vehicles. Keywords-Traffic Regulatory Team (TRT), Towing, modified jammer, Non parking area, payment gateway.


A new direction for the non destructive evaluation of heterogeneous materials is presented, which relies on the cepstrum of the
backwards diffused signal for the characterization of the internat structure of the medium under study .
The spectrum of the reflected signal is correlated to the sample structure . By using the cepstrum transform, informations about
the mean spacing between the scatterers and the volume percent of heterogeneites may be obtained for biphase media . A set of
simulations make the advantages of the cepstrum analysis over the spectral analysis clear . The theoretical results are compared
with experiments.


Object customization in Computer Aided Design (CAD) is a method used to modify the sketch parameters and change the model geometries. This method is one of important features in part modelling which empowered CAD user to simply modify their product. The conventional method of modifying CAD model is usually relied on the manual editing. This paper outlines a development of program than can be integrated in CAD/CAM system for real time object customization. It uses Visual Basic (VB) programming with custom Graphical User Interface (GUI) generated in NX10 (CAD/CAM software) interface. The main contribution of this research is a tool for real time object customization that capable to assist the modification of 3D model. In order to develop the tool, 3D model modification instructions are translated into programming codes by using Journaling tools in NX interface. Editable parameters are identified based on the model shapes. The related codes are reconstructed, modified and linked to the functional GUI.  This allows user to simply modify the model shapes in real time with minimum process steps. The performance of the method is evaluated in terms of the reduction of process steps and time in modifying the 3D model in CAD system. All the findings and details of approach are presented.


Inhibition of type III secretion in Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium by small-molecule inhibitors' General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edinburgh Research Explorer content complies with UK legislation. If you believe that the public display of this file breaches copyright please contact email@example.com providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.


Abstract In this paper, I shall sketch a preliminary ground for a cognitivist theory of fiction and argue that theories which align fiction-making with (aesthetically valuable) story-telling consider the act of fiction-making too narrowly. As a paradigmatic example of such anti-cognitivist theories, I shall examine Peter Lamarque and Stein Haugom Olsen's influential theory of fiction, which suggests that recognizing the author's fictive and literary intentions manifested in the text would lead to dismissing her aims to make genuine claims and suggestions. I shall illustrate my argument concerning the act of fiction-making by showing that there are sub-genres of fiction, for instance, so-called philosophical fiction, in which the author's intention to advance genuine points and to invite the reader to entertain the beliefs expressed can reasonably be argued to be as important for understanding the work as is her aim to create an aesthetically valuable and/or entertaining fictional narrative. Leaning on Noël Carroll's theory of literary thought experiments, I shall suggest that philosophical fictions convey assertions or suggestions in a way similar to philosophers' fictional thought experiments and are aimed to be understood as such.


Field investigations were carried out to evaluate the influence of shrub and herbaceous mulch types on soil properties and nutrient composition of maize (Zea mays L.) at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University of Technology, Akure in the rainforest zone of southwestern Nigeria in 2013 and 2014 respectively. The shrub mulch; Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia, herbaceous mulch; Calopogonium mucunoides and Moringa oleifera were applied at the rate of 5 t ha-1. Application of NPK (20:10:10) fertilizer at the rate of 200 kg ha-1 was included as the standard treatment for the experiments. The treatments were laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replication. The growth, agronomic parameters and nutritional quality of maize (Zea mays L.) were monitored and determined in both experiments. Results indicated that herbaceous mulch types and NPK fertilizer significantly (P<0.05) increased the number of leaves, plant height and leaf area when compared with the control in both years. Significant increases in yield parameters over the control were obtained for the NPK fertilizer treatment. In 2013 and 2014 cropping season NPK 20-10-10 treatment significantly produced the highest cob yield but was not significantly higher than the yield from Gliricidia sepium treatment in 2014. Soil organic carbon, total nitrogen (N), potassium (K), and exchangeable cations were positively stimulated by herbaceous mulches while residual phosphorus (P) was increased by NPK fertilizer treatment. Mulched treatments significantly increased crude protein, carbohydrate, nitrogen, phosphorus and ash content of maize grain in both years of cropping season thereby improving nutritional content of maize grain. Therefore, shrub and herbaceous mulch treatments applied at 5t/ha-1 could be applied alternatively in lieu of scarce and expensive inorganic fertilizer for improved maize yield, soil properties and nutrient composition.


A derivative of chitooligosaccharide (COS) has been synthesized through the reaction of COS and dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (LAS). The product (L-C) was characterized by 1H-NMR,FT-IR and UV spectroscopy, and its toxicity on three phytopathogens was also tested. The results demonstrated that the product salt, has a satisfactory inhibition effect on the phytopathogens, with EC50 values for the three phytopathogens far lower than those with COS itself.


This study demonstrates the viability of an orange peel-based adsorbent as sustainable alternative for the elimination of the disperse dye C.I. Disperse Blue 56 present in waste waters of the dyeing industry of textiles. The effectiveness of the adsorbent is evaluated at different pH values and the adsorption capacity is determined by systematically comparing orange peel and the final adsorbent chemically treated. Results reveal an spontaneous coagulation-flocculation phenomenon of the dispersed dye at low pH values which represents a sustainable way for the recovery and possible re-use of the dye, together with the industrial valorisation of a wasting product as is orange peel.


In the present study we focused on utilizing differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) for detecting Pb2+ ions by electrochemical technique. Polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) based composite system (PVB/PEDOT:PSS/MoS2) (PPM) modified by Molebdenum disulphide (MoS2). Structural characterization of PPM composite was done by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, revealing phase transitions and chemical functionalities within the ternary system. E2g and A1g Raman active modes related C α -C β interactions were observed by Raman spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) forseen uniform filler distribution in homogeneous polymer matrix. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) reveals decreased surface roughness. Sessile drop contact angle measurements were confirmed hydrophilic properties, feasible for sensing applications. Cyclic voltammetry was performed in a 1 M acetate buffer solution, aligned with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results. The sensing capacity of PPM films was examined using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Sensor demonstrated effective detection of Pb2+ ions, with a low detection limit (LOD) of 27.77 μM and a linear detection range of 25–60 μM. Developed sensor exhibited excellent repeatability (with relative standard deviation (RSD) 0.6%) and strong selectivity. Sensor electrode performed appriciable trace of Pb2+ ions in drinking water at high concentration.


Department of Electrical EngineeringThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity Park, PA 16802Abstract —In this paper we propose a Hankel operatorbased approach to the problems of texture modelling andinpainting. The main idea is to model textured images as theoutput of an unknown, periodic, linear shift invariant operatorin response to a suitable input. The main result of the papershows that this operator can be found by factoring a Hankelmatrix constructed from the image data. As we illustrate inthe paper, the resulting operator can then be applied to a givenpartial image to reconstruct missing portions, nd textons, orsynthesize textures from the same family.


Research on the elastoplastic constitutive equations of soils has a long history. An elastic constitutive equation in a rate form is a key component of the full elastoplastic constitutive equation. However, a fully satisfactory elastic constitutive equation has yet to be found ; it remains an unsolved problem although it would seem to be quite simple. In this article a physically acceptable, yet simple elastic constitutive equation for soils in rate form is proposed and incorporated in the subloading surface model. The elastic bulk and the shear moduli are made to depend on the hardening function, defining the current yield surface, which plays the role of an internal plastic variable. The pertinence is verified by comparison with test data on sand.


A stabilization problem is considered for a class of unobservable time-delay systems. For the time-delay system with incomplete known state, the observer is constructed by using the linear matrix inequality and system transformation technique. And based on the designed observer, the system stability criterion and the control law only including the observe state are given. Because the parameters in the criterion are solved by the linear matrix inequality, but not estimated in the previous, the conservation is reduced in the conclusion. At last, an illustrative example is presented, by using the Matlab software simulation, which shows the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Context: In this manuscript, a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the determination of metronidazole in pharmaceuticals was described and developed. Methods: The reversed-phase HPLC (RP-HPLC) method was developed and the results obtained to determine the form of metronidazole. Chromatographic analysis was performed in HPLC-ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) system with Ion Pac column; Arcus EP-C18; 5 μm, 4.6 mm× 250 mm, with acetonitrile: triethylamine 30:70 (v/v)+0.5 M potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate buffer at pH 4.5 as mobile phase, at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. UV detection in HPLC system was performed at 310 nm. Results: The method was validated for accuracy, precision, specificity, linearity, and sensitivity. The retention time for the metronidazole was 9.9 min. Calibration plots were linear over the concentration ranges 1–5 μg/L for the metronidazole. The limit of detection was 0.115 μg/ml and the limit of quantitation was 0.437 μg/ml. The accuracy of the proposed method was determined by recovery studies and found to be from 93.3% to 100%. Conclusion: Commercial tablet formulation was successfully analyzed using the developed HPLC-UV method that has been validated; accuracy, precision, and specificity were found to be within the acceptable limits. Moreover, results obtained by the suggested methods showed no significant difference between the results obtained from the suggested method.


Report No. 1 dated March 10, 1948, was prepared by the Committee on Nomenclature of the Society for Applied Spectroscopy. At the time of the Eighth Pittsburgh Conference on Applied Spectroscopy in the fall of 1947, the Advisory Subcommittee on Committee E-2 on Spectrographic Analysis of the American Society for Testing Materials approved the formation of a nomenclature group within the Editorial Subcommittee (III). The activities of these two groups have now been merged and Report No. 2 represents the first publicaion of this Joint Committee on Nomenlature.


Several recently published studies indicate that many uncertainties still exist concerning the stratosphere‐troposphere exchange of ozone which mainly occurs during mid‐latitude tropopause folding as well as during cut‐off low events. We performed a series of ozone sonde ascents in Athens, Greece (37.9° N, 23.8° E), during the winter 1991–1992 in the framework of both the European Arctic Stratospheric Ozone Experiment (EASOE) and the Tropospheric Ozone Research (TOR) programme. In this paper we examine the cases of four ascents. Two ascents were made when a cut‐off low system was installed over our region, others when the station was situated at the flank of the polar vortex. In both cases strong indications of cross‐tropopause flow were observed, with a remarkable minimum in ozone partial pressure near 15 km.


Three outbreaks of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) in Kafur Local Government Area of Katsina State, involving a total of 250 animals were reported. All the animals were examined thoroughly and based on the clinical signs exhibited, 120 (group A, n= 51, B, n=29 and C, n=40) animals were selected for latex agglutination test (LAT), using serum from each of the animal. The results indicate infection rates of 11.8% (6/51) in adult animals and 19.6% (10/51) in calves in farm A, while in farm B the infection rate were 27.6% (6/29) for the adult animals and 13.8% (4/29) for calves. While in farm C, 15.0% (6/40) of the adult animals and 17.5% (7/40) of the calves are positive, as demonstrated by strong (+++) agglutination in cell 1 (Plate 2). Overall infection rate of 16.7 and 17.5% was observed for adult and calves respectively. Although this diagnostic test LAT is not new, this is the first time it's being conducted in the area of study for the diagnosis of CBPP. The present study described the histo-morphological and immuno-histochemical characteristics of the digestive and neuroendocrine systems of captive wild domesticated red deer ( Cervus elaphus ) in Latvia. Results revealed that four (4) out of the five (5) animals studied showed keratinization of the rumen mucosa, with patchy loci of parakeratotic basal cells in the epithelium of the rumen wall. Neutrophilic leukocytes, lymphocytes and rare macrophages had infiltrated the mucosa and muscle layers of the rumen wall. Vacuolization of gangliocytes was seen in the intermuscular nerve plexus. It was observed that red deer's small and large intestines were more innerved than the rumen, despite the variations in some parts of the enveloped mucosa. Small intestines were characterized by abundant expression of serotonin. Focal appearance of neurofilaments (NF)-containing nerve fibers was characteristic of the tissues of the rumen in the direction of the large intestine. Prominent apoptosis was also seen in the rumen. Moderate hepatocyte activity, a small number of apoptotic cells in the vena centralis area, with simultaneously distinct expression of interleukins and limited expression of degeneration enzymes was observed in the liver of the animals studied. A study for ectoparasites and gastrointestinal (GI)-helminthes was conducted on 212 Fayoumi chickens raised under semi-intensive management system at Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center (DZARC) poultry farm from October, 2009 to May, 2010. The results of study indicated that 52 (24.53%), 34 (16.04%) and 5 (2.35%) of the examined chickens were harbouring one species of nematode ( Ascaridia galli ), three species of cestodes ( Raillietina echinobothrida, Raillietina tetragona and Raillietina cesticillus ) and two species of ectoparasites ( Menacanthus stramineus and Menopon gallinae ), respectively. There was no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) in prevalence infection of cestodes between sex (males and females) and age groups. Similarly, there was no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) in prevalence of infection with nematode sex (males and females) and age groups. The present study clearly indicated that Fayoumi chickens kept under semi-intensive management system in DZARC poultry farm were exposed to ectoparasites and GI-helminthes. Due attention is required to the control the parasitism. (GI)-helminths, prevalence. Reproductive disorders are one of the most important problems that affect the production and productivity of dairy cows. A cross sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of major reproductive disorders of dairy cows in and around Asella town, Central Ethiopia. For this purpose, a total of 82 owners and/or attendants of dairy cow herds were interviewed using structured questionnaire, and in addition, a total of 300 blood samples were randomly collected and analyzed from dairy cows in the study areas. Accordingly, the overall prevalence of reproductive disorders in the study area was 18.3%, with bovine brucellosis (32.9%), repeated breeding (26.8%) and abortion (14.6%) as the major reproductive disorders of dairy cows. It was also revealed that abortion is mostly common in exotic breeds (48.8%) and relatively less in local cows (9.8%) varying among parity and stage of pregnancy. Thus, it is recommended that strict animal husbandry especially animal feed and health management should be in place to minimize the risk of reproductive disorder occurrence in order to increase the production and productivity of dairy cows in the study area. A survey to determine major prepartum and postpartum reproductive problems of dairy cattle was carried out in three selected dairy farms in Debre Zeit town. Retrospective data analysis together with survey on major prepartum and postpartum reproductive problems were carried out through regular clinical follow up. A retrospective analysis of clinical data collected from a total of 711 cows in three farms was done and 44.3% of the cows were found with major prepartum and postpartum reproductive problems. Postpartum anestrus (12.9%) was the major reproductive problem followed by repeat breeding (11.4%) in the retrospective study. A total of 104 cows were used in the regular follow up and 33.6% (n =35) were found to be affected either with one or more of clinical reproductive problems. Postpartum anestrus (12.5%) was found to be the leading reproductive problem followed by repeat breeding (10.6%), metritis (8.7%), abortion (6.7%), retained placenta (3.8%), dystocia (2.9%) and prolapse (1.9%). Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the difference in prevalence of the major reproductive problems on the basis of parity and body condition score. Hence, the impact of increasing parity on the occurrence of reproductive problems was examined and there is a direct relationship between increasing parity and prevalence of the reproductive problems with a highly significant variation (P<0.01) between primiparous and pluriparous cows. There is an inverse relationship of body condition and prevalence of reproductive problems with a highly significant variation (P<0.01). This study demonstrated that anestrus, repeat breeding, metritis and abortion were noticed as the most common major reproductive problems in the study farms in Debre Zeit town, Central Ethiopia.


The studies presented in this thesis were designed to investigate whether the decline in parasympathetic responsiveness to stress in aged rats can be generalized for various (environmental) challenges. In addition, the contribution of this reduced vagal responsiveness in aged animals to autonomic dysbalance was determined. Finally, considerable attention was paid to the role of arninergic and vasopressinergic systems in the age-related reduction of vagal responses. The results show that in aged rats parasympathetic responsiveness to a variety of challenges is reduced. However, sympathetic responsiveness is reduced as well. Therefore, autonomic output remains in balance during mild emotional stress situations. Enhancement of the aminergic "state" reinstates the vagal responsiveness to emotional but not to metabolic challenges in aged rats. Systemic administration of vasopressin improves and prolongs both the behavioral and vagal emotional stress responses in rats but only until late-adult age (14months) is reached.


The growth number of passenger of air transportation increased rapidly as an indicator of industrial development of air transport services must be balanced with the service and information from the airlines' services to service users in order to feel the services delivered as expected. Airline companies should be able to provide services as required passengers who have different characters. Services provided by the airlines in carrying out its activities are divided into 3 (three) groups: service with a maximum standards (full service), service with a medium standards (medium service) and services with minimum standards (no frills). Passengers PT. Lion Mentari Air Jakarta – Yogyakarta route with minimum service standards (no frills) is a sample in this study. The results of calculations using the average performance (X) 3.56 and the average expectation of passengers(Y) 4.45 indicating that the performance of PT. Lion Mentari Air is still low compared with the expectations of passengers. The results of the analysis of customer satisfaction index of 17 indicators of service provided through the 71.14% scored less satisfactorily interpreted so that the performance of PT. Lion Air still needs refinement and improvement.


Due to the characteristics of electric heater temperature control,such as nonlinear,big delay and time-varying etc,this paper presents a hybrid control method including fussy control and PID control based on Genetic Algorithm.It can optimize different control stages by using fussy control and PID control.The control parameters and rules are optimized by Genetic Algorithm.This control method makes the electric heater control system have higher control accuracy and better dynamical characteristics and more robust.The simulation results show that the method is effective.It can also be used in other temperature control system.


To evaluate the long‐term efficacy and safety of maintaining baricitinib monotherapy in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) originally treated with baricitinib monotherapy or switched from methotrexate (MTX) or the combination of baricitinib plus MTX to baricitinib monotherapy.


Wistar and Sprague Dawley rats are 2 different rat strains used widely for toxicity study for evaluation of safety of new chemical entity/food additive/generic drugs in various areas like toxicology, pharmacology and mutagenicity assay. However it is evident that genetic variation and differences in the biotransformation enzymes controlled by genes have been well documented among strains resulting in differences in sensitivity to chemicals. Crocus sativus (saffron) widely used as a food additive and as active components in many traditional medicine and modern pharmacology has been found to be quite safe without any evidence of maternal and embryo toxicity in Wistar strain rats up to the highest dose of 1000 mg/kg bodyweight. Hence the present study was aimed to evaluate if any differences are observed when using Sprague Dawley strain of rats. In the present investigation results indicated that saffron was safe in pregnant Sprague Dawley strain of rats to the dose level of 1000 mg/kg body weight without any maternal and embryo toxicity. Thus the results indicated that there were no strain differences between pregnant Wistar and Sprague Dawley strain of rats in the response to the exposure of saffron administered orally.


ed by Dr J. S. FRASER, F.R.C.S.E. Shambaugh states that 362 out of 1000 consecutive patients seen by him in 1924 had ear symptoms, and, of these, 113 had otosclerosis. Shambaugh admits that he probably sees an undue proportion of cases of chronic progressive deafness as many ear cases with temporary troubles recover spontaneously. We have as yet no method for diagnosing otosclerosis by functional tests alone. (1) When the spongifying of the labyrinth capsule develops in the region of the oval window, the first evidences of a defect in hearing that appear are those resulting from rigidity of the stapes, i.e., Bezold's triad. These results are identical with those obtained in other pathological processes producing rigidity in the sound-conducting mechanism. (2) On the other hand, spongifying of the labyrinth capsule may develop at a distance from the oval window. (1) Cases with middle-ear deafness offer less difficulty in diagnosis, and from post-mortem examinations appear to be the much more frequent type. Where the tube is patulous and the drum membrane normal, the diagnosis seems assured. (2) In the second type of otosclerosis (atypical cases — Ab.) the functional findings may be typically those of primary nerve deafness. This class of case has been verified by autopsy findings. More extensive post-mortem study of cases of primary nerve deafness, especially where (a) the deafness begins in early adult life, (/>) where there are other cases of genuine otosclerosis in the family, and (c) where no other probable cause of nerve deafness can be found, may show that otosclerosis is more frequently the cause of inner ear deafness than we now suspect. Shambaugh admits that otosclerosis may develop in patients with palpable evidence of tubo-tympanic alterations, though the diagnosis of spongification in such cases is difficult. He comes to the conclusion that there is no evidence that the changes produced by a previous tubotympanic process hinder the development of otosclerosis, or that the existence of these two processes in the same case indicates that the spongification has been the result of the previous middle-ear disease. Skiagraphy of the mastoid has shown that in cases of otosclerosis where the membrana tympani is normal, the pneumatisation of the mastoid process is usually complete. Shambaugh has occasionally found arrested pneumatisation in patients suffering from otosclerosis. He is inclined to attach the same importance to the presence of arrested pneumatisation, as shown in the skiagram, as to the alterations in the drum membrane, both being indicative of some previous middleear disease, but neither having any relation to the subsequent development of otosclerosis. Further, he holds that the transparency of the


Advances in genomic technology and the launch of the NHS Genomic Medicine Service (GMS) in 2018 have firmly embedded genomic testing within routine clinical care. As the gateway to the NHS, primary care practitioners will be managing increasing numbers of patients who are eligible for genomic testing, or who present with their own, or a family member's genomic test result. This article provides an overview of recent developments in the field of genomics, explains key concepts and terminology, and details the current organisation of the genomics services under the GMS. It also discusses some common presentations within primary care to highlight the relevance of genomics to frontline GPs.


The projected range profiles of helium implanted in silicon carbide were measured for energies between 1 keV and 20 keV using a method based on a combination of ion sputtering and gas release. The method is capable of producing helium depth profiles with a depth resolution of less than 100 Å, and a sensitivity to implantation fluences of 2×1016 ions/cm2 and below, where bubble formation is unlikely. The results were compared with theoretical predictions by Monte Carlo calculations, and good agreement was obtained by using values of the electronic stopping powers equal to 1.3 times the stopping constants given in the semiempirical tabulation by Northcliffe and Schilling. The effects of target temperature on the helium range profiles were also measured at 600°C, and the results were found to be associated with the grain-boundary diffusion of helium.


At the core of the article there is a consideration of the phenomenon of business profits in terms of economic structure of the state system. Evaluation and profit structure, and the objects that form the economic profits of duty before various state regulatory funds is given.


Purified 19S and 7S antibodies specific for protein-conjugated azophenylarsonate were compared with respect to their affinities for the free haptens, phenylarsonate and the o-, m- and p-isomers of mononitrophenylarsonate, as judged from the technique of inhibition of haemagglutination of cells conjugated with the homologous hapten. It was found that the two antibody types were equally effective in discriminating among the isomeric haptens, but that 7S antibody was consistently more readily inhibited than the 19S by all the haptens tested. Various parameters concerning agglutination and its inhibition are discussed with regard to these two antibody forms.


This article considers the features of conceptual metaphor within the legal discourse. The author identifies the main approaches to the study of metaphor, in general, as well as the study of metaphor in the light of conceptual analysis, in particular. The relevance of the study is emphasized, since the problem of the functioning of conceptual metaphors within the framework of the discursive approach is poorly studied in the cognitive paradigm of modern philological scope. The article highlights the main characteristics of legal discourse, notes the features of the linguistic expression typical of this type of discourse. It is determined that the main function of a metaphor in legal discourse is to form a negative or positive opinion in the audience as a speech effect. The analysis made it possible to identify the following factors affecting the functioning of the metaphor in legal discourse, namely: period of use; reasons for intensification; historical-cultural and socio-political context; interests of actors (lawyer, judge, etc.); realized intentions.


There has been little recent discussion about Skinner's utopian vision as presented in Walden Two. Organizational Behavior Management could revitalize interest in this topic through its discussion of Behavioral Systems Analysis. A brief review of utopian thought and Walden Two is provided. Four recommendations are offered to improve the viability and effectiveness of Skinner's original utopian concepts: (a) experiment with utopian ideas in existing organizations rather than create new independent communities; (b) apply advances in performance measurement and performance pay to refine Walden Two's work "credit" system; (c) address the problem of poor performing members by implementing performance management; and (d) refine Walden Two's self-management "code" and general administration.


"Two Twelfth-Century Bibliophiles and Henry of Huntingdon's Historia Anglorum." The two oldest and best-known manuscripts of Henry of Huntingdon's Historia Anglorum are of Continental, Norman origin: Paris, Bibliotheque nationale MS lat. 6042 and Cambridge, University Library Gg 2.21. Fresh codicological evidence and new arguments are put forward here concerning their origin and provenance. It is suggested that lat. 6042 was made for Bec, and that Robert de Torigny, after he became abbot of Mont-Saint-Michel, borrowed the book and never returned it. It is argued that Gg 2.21 was copied at about the same time and from the same exemplar for Philippe de Harcourt, bishop of Bayeux, whose library was willed to Bec; Gg 2.21 bears a fourteenth-century Bec pressmark. The article reviews Robert's self-image as a scholar and bookman, and alludes to his intellectual rivalry with Philippe.