Dead reckoning is employed in Advanced Distributed Simulation exercises to reduce the need to continually update a simulated entity's state information. The IEEE Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) protocol provides a standard set of 11 algorithms for entity position and orientation dead reckoning. Related to dead reckoning is the heartbeat mechanism used to periodically define the current state of an entity. The IEEE standard defines heartbeat rates for many Protocol Data Units (PDUs) with default values specified for rate of issuance of heartbeat PDUs and timeout. Both the dead reckoning and heartbeat mechanisms are required to maintain continuity of entities within a distributed simulation exercise. To study dead reckoning and heartbeat, a model was developed that simulates these two mechanisms within DIS for entity position. This model can perform sensitivity analysis on the critical parameters, such as entity speed, heartbeat rate and dead reckoning threshold for different dead reckoning algorithms. The model demonstrated that the second order algorithm using acceleration and velocity is far more efficient than the first order algorithm that used only velocity. Third order algorithms that use rate of change of acceleration were also studied and shown to offer only marginal improvement while requiring additional computational resources. The model also demonstrated that the default values for threshold are too small for fast moving entities such as aircraft and can be used to determine more appropriate values. The fraction of heartbeat to dead reckoning PDUs was examined for several different entity types (tank, aircraft, missile) with appropriate settings for threshold and heartbeat rate. It was shown that the use of a fixed heartbeat rate is not appropriate for all entity types and that heartbeat PDUs predominate for high values of threshold. The model also shows that issuance of heartbeat PDUs depends on which dead reckoning algorithm is used: if an efficient algorithm that requires few dead reckoning PDUs is adopted, more heartbeat PDUs are then required to maintain the entity within the simulation exercise.


Abstract. A variant of blood group A, provisionally designated Ainn, that occurs in an overall frequency of approximately 1 in 6,000 in Finnish blood donors is described. Agglutination involving a very small number of erythrocytes was observable only microscopically, even with the most powerful immune anti‐A sera. However, potent anti‐A antibody eluates were produced from cells sensitized with both natural and immune anti‐A or anti‐A + B sera. Anti‐A1 agglutinins were demonstrated in the sera of all cases, and the saliva of secretors contained H but no A substances. Comparative examinations and previously published descriptions of other established variants clearly indicated that this was not identical with the Abantu, Am, Ax, or Ae1 phenotypes. These properties are similar to those reported for group Aend, except for enzyme pretreatment effecting macroscopically visible agglutination of A***inn cells.


A series of copoly(2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-1,4-phenylenevinylene-2,5-dioctyl oxy-1,4-phenylenevinylene)s containing variable ratios of tetrafluorophenylenevinylene and dialkoxyphenylenevinylene repeating units has been synthesized via the Stille cross-coupling reaction in order to investigate the influence on the (chi) (3) of the simultaneous presence of electron-deficient and electron-rich aromatic monomers in the PPV backbone. Third-order nonlinear optical properties of the resulting materials have been studied in chloroform solutions at (lambda) =1064 nm using the picosecond Z-scan technique. The nonlinear refractive index has been found to be negative, strongly dependent on the copolymer composition, and as high as (-10+/- 2)x10-12cm2/W.


This paper starts with a brief introduction of the ideational metafunction of the clause in Halliday Functional Grammar,and then focuses on the discussion of the ideational metaphors and its classifications.Nominalization,a common form in ideational metaphors,together with its functional characteristics are also outlined.


Nearly, 70% of India's population lives in rural areas. According to the latest census the growth rate of rural parts has sharply declined. The major reasons of low growth rates include lack of financial services. Hence, one of the possible solutions to the decreasing growth rates is providing financial inclusion services at affordable costs to segments of low income sections of society. In this paper we have proposed a financial inclusion system (FIS) which aims to provide banking services to people in villages. The application of FIS runs on a portable device and therefore, people in villages can now open their bank accounts, make transactions, deposit cash, withdraw cash and take advantage of other banking services as well.


The branched structure of channel networks has a primary impact on the spatial distribution of elevation, water, and life across Earth's surface from the hillslope to the continental scale and is also observed on other planets. However, the link between this dendritic multiscale structure and the erosional processes that sculpt it has remained elusive for more than six decades. In fact, many topologic measures fail to distinguish natural networks from those generated by random walks. Here we show that a fundamental multiscale topologic symmetry is ingrained into the structure of these networks and reflects the equal elevation drop spanned by flows that split at the drainage divide and meet again downslope. We demonstrate that this symmetry distinguishes random‐walk networks from natural ones, captures the temporal evolution of these networks, and divulges information about the processes that shape them.


Objective Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) without bypass is technically simpler but
imposes additional stress and strain on already compromised ciroulatory function and milieu interieur. The purpose
of this study was to investigate the changes in arterial blood concentrations of glucose and lactate during OLT
without bypass. Methods Eighty patients (66 male, 14 female) aged 12-67 yr weighing 40-130 kg undergoing
OLT without veno-venous bypass for terminal liver cirrhosis (40 patients), liver cancer (28 patients), hepato-
lenticular degeneration (5 patients), polycystic liver (3 patients) and severe hepatitis (4 patients). Nine patients
were classified as ASA physical status Ⅱ, thirty-nine patients as ASA Ⅲ, thirty patients ASA Ⅳ and two patients
ASAV. Anesthesia was induced with midazolam 2 mg, fentanyl 10-15μg·kg~(-1), propofol 1 .0 - 1 .5 mg·kg~(-1) and
pancuronium 0. 15 mg·kg~(-1) and maintained with isoflurane inhalation and intermittent i. v. boluses of fentanyl,
midazolam and pipecuronium. The patients were mechanically ventilated after intubation, P_(ET) CO_2 was maintained at
32-35 mm Hg. No fluid containing glucose was infused during operation. Radial artery and internal jugular vein
were cannulated for BP and CVP monitoring. ECG, MAP, CVP, SpO_2, P_(ET)CO_2, temperature and urine output
were continuously monitored during operation. Blood samples were taken from artery before anesthesia (T_0 ), before
cross-clamping of portal vein (T_1), 30 and 60 min during anhepatic phase (T_2, T_3), 5 and 30 min after
unclamping of vena cava before the unclamping of portal vein (T_4, T_5 ) and at the end of surgery (T_6 ) for
determination of blood glucose and lactate concentrations. Blood lactate was determined only in 50 patients who
received no lactated but acetated Ringer's solution during operation. In 70 patients blood samples were obtained
from hepatic vein after unclamping of portal vein and before the end of exsanguination from the hepatic vein for
determination of blood glucose and lactate. Results No patient developed hypoglycemia during operation. Blood
glucose increased slightly before cross-clamping of portal vein (T_1) and during anhepatic phase (T_2, T_3) compared
with the baseline value before anesthesia (T_0 ) (P0.05 ) and dramatically increased after unclamping of vena
cava (T_4) and was maintained at the high level until the end of operation (T_5, T_6) (P0.01 ). Blood lactate
 concentration increased significantly before cross-clamping of portal vein (T_1 ) compared with the baseline value
(T_0 ) (P 0.05) and kept increasing during anhepatic phase, then increased tremendously at 5 min after
unclamping of inferior vena cava (T_4) and was maintained at high level until the end of operation (T_5, T_6). The
glucose and lactate concentrations in the blood samples taken from hepatic vein were tremendously high.
Conclusions There are hyperglycemia and hyperlactacidemia during OLT without veno-venous bypass, especially
when the transplanted donor liver is reperfused. Blood glucose and lactate should be monitored continually and
hyperglycemia and hyperlactacidemia should be corrected appropriately without delay.


In some classrooms the use of digital tablets for students is already standardized and is integrated into the teaching-learning process of the school. On the other hand, the use of cutting plotters is not common, although they are low-cost, easy to use and transportable devices. These machines are usually found in digital fab-rication spaces such as Makerspaces, Fab labs, etc. However, it is interesting to introduce these technologies in traditional classrooms. This article describes an experience carried out at Colegio San Isidro, Los Salesianos de la Orotava, Tene-rife in the 3rd year of secondary school in the subject of plastic, visual and audio-visual expression, in which an activity of design and creation of pop-up cards has been carried out. This activity is made in many subjects in order to develop crea-tivity or to understand three-dimensional concepts (mathematics, plastic, etc.). This activity involves cutting and folding paper that is usually done with scissors or cutter. It is proposed to digitalize this activity by means of digital tablets and portable cutting plotters. At the end of the activity, all the students were able to make their pop-up card using the proposed technologies and felt able to carry out the work autonomously.


To facilitate CMOS scaling beyond the 65 nm technology node, high-permittivity gate dielectrics such as HfO2 will be needed in order to achieve sub-1.3nm equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) with suitably low gate leakage, particularly for low-power applications. Polycrystalline silicongermanium (poly-SiGe) is a promising gate material because it is compatible with a conventional CMOS process flow, and because it can yield significantly lower electrical gate-oxide thickness as compared with poly-Si. In this paper, the effects of the gate material (Si vs. SiGe) and gate deposition rate on EOT and gate leakage current density are investigated. Poly-Si0.75Ge0.25 gate material yields the lowest EOT and is stable up to 950C for 30 seconds, providing 2 orders of magnitude lower leakage current compared to poly-Si gate material. A faster gate deposition rate (achieved by using S2H6 instead of SiH4 as the gaseous Si source) is also effective for minimizing the increases in EOT and leakage current with high-temperature annealing.


After the reform, Chinese Land Tenure system appeared to be incomplete in terms of the property rights. In order to promote the development of agricultural economy, theorists have been attempting to solve the problem of 'ownership'and using rights'of land. They put forward three reform plans; land is owned by the nation; second, land can be owned by private individuals; and thirdly the usufruct is indicated by real right construction. Due to the welfare function of Chinese land, the third choice, the real right construction on right of using is accepted as the most suitable one. But actually the real right construction on right of using equals to the private ownership plan to certain extent.


Hydrogeology involves studying the occurrence, distribution, movement and quality of water in geological formations. Hydrogeology typically enters in the curriculum of physical geography as well as civil and environmental engineering courses, is a multidisciplinary subject which encompasses several scientific areas including mathematics, physics, geology, geochemistry and numerical analysis. For applications such as resource management, decision and policy making, and an understanding and interpretation of uncertainty and risk assessment is also necessary.


Analysis of X-Ray Line Profiles for Microstrains and Paracrystalline Distortions by Fourier Transformation Many synthetic and biopolymers are paracrystalline. The same holds for some catalysts, graph- ites and semiconductors. This can be proved directly by diffraction patterns, the integral widths being proportional to (sin {))- for the higher orders of reflection of the same net plane. To test this, three orders of reflections must be observable. Warren, on the other hand, has shown that microstrains with a Gaussian distribution can directly be calculated from the line profiles of onl\ two reflections by Fourier-Transformation. His method is expanded here to other types of microstrains and to paracrystalline distortions by carefully taking into account a termination effect. Examples are given for turbostratic graphite, linear polyethylene and annealed polybutene I. They demonstrate how useful this method is for distortion analysis.


A program has been developed for the selection, calculation and thermodynamic analysis of turbine units based on the organic Rankine cycle, which makes it possible to determine the values of the optimal parameters of the working fluid, as well as to select the working fluid with the highest exergetic efficiency for cycles on superheated steam and with intermediate overheating. The structure of the developed mathematical model for thermodynamic analysis is presented. The studies were conducted at pressures up to 20 MPa and temperatures of the working fluid in front of the turbine up to 250 °C; the temperature of the working fluid at the outlet of the condenser was 25 °C, while the maximum temperature of the working fluid at the outlet of the intermediate superheater was 250 °C. The analysis of the results showed that the use of reheating in the organic Rankine cycle – as well as in the classical (i. e. steam turbine) one – led to higher exergic efficiency of the cycle. On average, for the studied working media, the increase in exergetic efficiency at optimal parameters of the working body was 4.28 %. However, some working media significantly exceeded this result (for example, 8.14 and 6.56 % for R717 and R32, respectively) due to their thermophysical properties. The error for all low-boiling working media did not exceed 2 % of the obtained result of exergetic efficiency. Grassmann – Shargut charts were made for the studied circuits using the example of the refrigerant R245FA. Exergetic analysis demonstrated that intermediate overheating at thermodynamically optimal parameters of the working media before the high and low pressure parts of the turbine causes a decrease in exergy losses in the heat recovery boiler, a significant increase in regeneration in the heat exchanger, an increase in exergy losses in the pump and their redistribution in the turbine unit, heat exchanger and condenser.


Background: The positive parenting program has been developed based on social learning principles and is recognized as a potent intervention to help the children with behavioral problems. Objectives: The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the triple P (positive parenting program) for mothers on the reduction of the behavioral disorders of their children. Methods: This quasi-experimental was conducted with a pretest-posttest and a control group. In total, 78 mothers employed in the hospitals affiliated to Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Iran who had children aged 2 - 12 years were selected, and their children were randomly assigned to the experimental (n = 39) and control groups (n = 39). The triple P intervention was implemented in the experimental group for eight sessions. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and the analysis of covariance. Results: The mean age of the mothers was 33.52 ± 3.9 years. The triple P intervention could effectively reduce the behavioral disorders of the children, while it had no effects on the parenting styles, and depression, anxiety, and stress of the mothers. Conclusions: According to the results, the positive parenting program could be used as a preventive and therapeutic method for the reduction of behavioral issues in children, as well as parental anxiety and depression in relation to children.


In this study the antimicrobial activities of five volatiles, which represent main compounds of several essential oils, were tested. Terpineol, (R)-(–)-linalool, carvacrol, (S)-(–)-perillaldehyde and 1,8-cineole were evaluated for their influence on airborne microbes when vaporized with a room diffuser. In the present investigation terpineol and (S)-(–)-perillaldehyde showed the highest antimicrobial activities. The average reduction of the germ count was 59.4% and 42.3%, respectively, after 5 h of spreading in a testing room. Carvacrol (average germ reduction 37.5%) and (R)-(–)-linalool (29.7%) showed lower results. For 1,8-cineole only, no unambiguous antimicrobial effect was detectable. It has to be considered that the amounts of vapour spread during 5 h of testing time were different, depending on the volatility of the scent used. Nevertheless, four of the investigated volatiles showed satisfying antimicrobial action against airborne microbes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Economic Feasibility Analysis of Photovoltaic Installations in the Las Vegas Valley by Rinly Joseph Dr. Yahia Baghzouz, Examination Committee Chair Professor o f Electrical Engineering University o f Nevada, Las Vegas This thesis presents a new tool for performing an economic feasibility study of Photovoltaic (PV) power generation for Demand Side Management (DSM) as well as for a stand-alone system. The proposed analytical equations are capable o f accommodating the constant changes in the system parameters due to the advances in new technologies and changes in electric utility industry. An economic feasibility study is conducted for photovolaic systems in both suburban areas and in remote locations using actual data collected by Nevada Power Company (NPC). With the present cost and cell efficiency, the study shows that the cost o f the panels will have to be reduced before PV installation becomes feasible in the Las Vegas Valley. However, remote locations are feasible options if the line extension costs are high. The expressions developed are valuable when estimating future parameter values that result in an economic PV installation, and when making decisions on DSM and "green power" pricing.


Unlike a car, a modern electric vehicle (EV) can have different configurations of the electrical traction subsystem using one, two or four drive-wheel electric motors. This paper investigates a two-motor front-wheel drive configuration, in which the control of the electromagnetic torques of the motors provides two functions: electric traction and direction control. The latter function performs an electronic differential, which is used in place of the traditional mechanical differential transmission and mechanical steering system. The implementation of the aforementioned functions has been put on the developed motor drive control system based on Ackermann-Jeantaud geometry. For the study of the experimental EV, a new energy-based approach for constructing mathematical models of complex systems Energetic Macroscopic Representation (EMR) is used. According to the inverse principle provided by EMR, EV motion control system was developed. Conducted simulation studies in the software Matlab/Simulink showed the efficiency of the developed control system and high accuracy of maintaining the set speed and direction of motion in both steady and transient modes of EV.


66-year-old Kuwaiti woman was admitted to Al-Amiri Hos-pital, Kuwait, at the end of August 2012 because of a urinarytract infection and deteriorating renal failure. She had a 2-dayhistoryofdysuria,foul-smellingurine,abdominalpain,andvom-iting.Medicalhistorysuggestedthatshesufferedchronicallyfromdiabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and advancing re-nal disease.The day after admission, her urine microscopy showed whitebloodcellsat3 andredbloodcellsat2 (onascaleof0to3).A semiquantitative culture of the urine sample was done usingblood agar, cystine-, lactose-, and electrolyte-deficient (CLED)agar, and MacConkey agar (Oxoid, Basingstoke, Hampshire,United Kingdom) with incubation of the plates at 37°C for 24 to48 h. Culture yielded 10


Background—Acute rest single-photon emission computed tomography-myocardial perfusion imaging (SPECT-MPI) has high predictive value for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in emergency department patients. Prior studies have shown excellent agreement between rest/stress computed tomography perfusion (CTP) and SPECT-MPI, but the value of resting CTP (rCTP) in acute chest pain triage remains unclear. We sought to determine the diagnostic accuracy of early rCTP, incremental value beyond obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD; ≥50% stenosis), and compared early rCTP to late stress SPECT-MPI in patients with CAD presenting with suspicion of ACS to the emergency department. Methods and Results—In this prespecified subanalysis of 183 patients (58.1±10.2 years; 33% women), we included patients with any CAD by coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) from Rule Out Myocardial Infarction Using Computer-Assisted Tomography I. rCTP was assessed semiquantitatively, blinded to CAD interpretation. Overall, 31 had ACS and 48 had abnormal rCTP. Sensitivity and specificity of rCTP for ACS were 48% (95% confidence interval [CI], 30%–67%) and 78% (95% CI, 71%–85%), respectively. rCTP predicted ACS (adjusted odds ratio, 3.40 [95% CI, 1.37–8.42]; P=0.008) independently of obstructive CAD, and sensitivity for ACS increased from 77% (95% CI, 59%–90%) for obstructive CAD to 90% (95% CI, 74%–98%) with addition of rCTP (P=0.05). In a subgroup undergoing late rest/stress SPECT-MPI (n=81), CCTA/rCTP had noninferior discriminatory value to CCTA/SPECT-MPI (area under the curve, 0.88 versus 0.90; P=0.64) using a noninferiority margin of 10%. Conclusions—Early rCTP provides incremental value beyond obstructive CAD to detect ACS. CCTA/rCTP is noninferior to CCTA/SPECT-MPI to discriminate ACS and presents an attractive alternative to triage patients presenting with acute chest pain. Clinical Trial Registration—URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00990262.


A monumental Christ steps out of a large marble sarcophagus in Piero della Francesca's Resurrection of Christ (fig. 1). His body is white as stone, and his frontal gaze captures and holds the viewer's attention. Completely awake and clasping a banner of victory, he stands above four sleeping soldiers before a hilly landscape. Piero's painting, now in theMuseo Civico Piero della Francesca of Sansepolcro, was likely intended for the largest room of the communal palace of the Tuscan town, where the council of sixty would congregate and vote on legislative proposals. Probably executed in the 1460s, it served as an expression of


Low-level laser stimulation has been used successfully in the treatment of wound healing, and other diseases. Fibroblasts are cells involved in tissue repair, it is needed adequate laser doses for fibroblasts stimulation. The objective of this study is to know the effects of λ = 650 nm laser in proliferation of human cultivated fibroblasts, utilizing clinical doses. Human fibroblasts were synchronized in G 0 stage, and irradiated with continuous wave of a 650 nm low-level laser at doses of 0.5, 1, 3, 5 and 7 J/cm 2 , with power density of 30 mW/cm 2 . Fibroblast proliferation was measured with a [ 3 H]-tymidine incorporation method. The results were measured at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. Fibroblast proliferation showed no statistical differences between controls, but it was observed some structure changes. It is probably that clinical doses are not appropriated for culture stimulation, or maybe, it is needed another power density.


Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has evolved into an effective therapy for non-malignant and malignant hematological diseases as well as congenital immunodeficiencies. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) occurs in 20-40% of patients even with HLA-matched allogeneic HSCT. It indicates that non-HLA genetic polymorphisms may influence HSCT outcome. In this study, we investigated the impacts of non-HLA genetic polymorphisms on the outcome of HLA-matched sibling HSCT including: (1) minor histocompatibility antigens HA-1 and HA-2 mismatch; (2) polymorphisms of T cell regulatory genes, CTLA-4 and ICOS, in patients and donors. In order to exclude the effect of HLA, 123 pairs of DNA samples of HLA-A2- and/or HLA-B60-positive HLA-matched sibling HSCT were recruited. HLA-A2 alleles were identified by sequencing-based typing. Genotypes of single nucleotide polymorphisms at HA-1, HA-2, CTLA-4 -318C/T, CTLA-4 +49A/G, ICOS c.602A/C and ICOS c.1624C/T were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. The non-HLA genetic polymorphisms were examined for the association with HSCT outcome, including acute GVHD, chronic GVHD, disease relapse, disease-free survival and overall survival, by univariable and multivariable analyses. The results showed there was no significant correlation between HA-1 mismatch and the outcome of HSCT. Besides, no HA-2 mismatch was found in the cases studied and no non-immunogenic HA-2M/M genotype in control population, either. It suggestes that HA-2 mismatch may not be essential to evaluate HSCT outcome in Taiwan. In multivariable analyses, donor CTLA-4 -318T/T genotype, donor ICOS c.602C/C genotype and recipient ICOS c.1624T/T genotype had influence on HSCT outcome. Donor CTLA-4 -318T allele increased the risk of acute GVHD (P=0.0133; OR=3.25; 95% CI, 1.28-8.26). Additionally donor CTLA-4 -318T/T genotype increased the risk of disease relapse (P=0.0313; HR=5.91; 95% CI, 1.17-29.79). Patients receiving hematopoietic stem cells from a donor with ICOS c.602C/C genotype had worse disease-free survival (P=0.0115; HR=5.97; 95% CI, 1.49-23.87). On the other hand, patients with ICOS c.1624T/T genotype had worse overall survival (P=0.0019; HR=12.98; 95% CI, 2.58-65.35). According to the present study, neither HA-1 nor HA-2 mismatch was associated with the outcome of HLA-matched sibling HSCT. However, donor CTLA-4 -318T/T genotype, donor ICOS c.602C/C genotype and recipient ICOS c.1624T/T genotype were risk factors for HLA-matched sibling HSCT. These results suggest that genetic polymorphisms at T cell regulatory genes, CTLA-4 and ICOS, are associated with the HSCT outcome.


In recent decades, research about survey questions has emphasized decision-based approaches. Current research focuses on identifying and systematizing characteristics of questions that are key in researchers' decisions. We describe important classes of decisions and question characteristics: topic, type of question (e.g., event or behavior, evaluation or judgment), response dimension (e.g., occurrence, frequency, intensity), conceptualization and operationalization of the target object (e.g., how to label the object being asked about and the response dimension), question structure (e.g., use of a filter question, placement in a battery), question form or response format (e.g., yes–no, selection from ordered categories, choice from a list, discrete value), response categories, question wording, and question implementation. We use the framework of question characteristics to summarize key results in active research areas and provide practical recommendations. Progress depends on recognizing how question characteristics co-occur, using a variety of methods and appropriate models, and implementing study designs with strong criteria.


This essay argues that popular film of the 1970s opened up a space for representing new kinds of social relationships specifically by means of its use of melodramatic formulas. Against a dominant periodization of the decade which emphasizes rupture, I argue that over the course of the long 1970s we see a process of repetition and resignification whereby formulas such as the 'lost-and-found' plot and the love triangle were re-presented and their constitutive elements rearranged in order to generate alternatives to conventional kinship and romantic paradigms. Discussing several films from this decade, including Sangam, Yaadon ki Baaraat, Deewaar, Sholay, Amar Akbar Anthony and Silsila, I show how Hindi cinema in the 1970s was engaged in considering how to represent human relationships outside of social sanction or conventionally accepted kinship terms, thus offering a new paradigm from which to read popular film at large.


How should residential and downtown areas function and be designed in order to let the various user groups experience their environment optimally? These areas can be defined by all activities necessary for the daily life of intensive users. Attractive routes for pedestrians and cyclists to and from destination points are important elements to support and stimulate user patterns. Relations between activity spaces are the basic elements for the design of traffic systems. Local improvements in the form of "Woonerven", "Cityerven", or pedestrian areas is necessary but they do not exceed the level of incidental improvements, unless they are part of relation patterns to be stimulated. For the covering abstract of the conference see TRIS abstract no 370002. (TRRL)


Soybean ( Glycine max (L) Merril) is one of main responsible for Brazilian economic performance, however, compaction and soil phosphorus deficiency can drastically affect its development and productivity. In view of this our aim of this research was to evaluate root development and productivity of soybean in compacted soil and with different doses of P 2 O 5 . The experiment was done in a randomized block design, in a split plot scheme, with three replicates. We tested four compaction levels (0, 2, 4 and 8 number of tractor strokes) and four doses of P 2 O 5 (0, 100, 250 and 500 kg ha -1 ). Compaction with 4 and 8 tractor strokes reduced the root distribution in soil depth of 0-0.05m. Increase in doses of phosphorus reduced proportionally to the height of the first pod. Dose of 500 kg ha -1 of P provided increased productivity in treatment with 2 tractor strokes. And doses of 100 and 250 kg ha -1 of P provided increases in productivity of 9.53% and 79.12%, respectively, in soils with 2 of tractor strokes.


ABSTRACT In the present study, groundwater-level monitoring has been carried out on 26 observation dug wells in the Aosta Valley region, Italy, during the dry season (June 2013) and wet season (November 2013) in order to assess the water-level fluctuation (WLF). The depth to water level varied from 3.04 to 28.70 metres below ground level (mbgl) in the dry season and from 2.92 to 25.62 mbgl in the wet season. The WLF of the study area varied from 0.01 to 6.80 mbgl, and the western and north-western regions of the study area showed higher WFL. The WLF map was validated with a statistical analysis and elevation value of the area in a geographic information system environment, and this indicated that validation can be accepted for the WLF in the Aosta Valley. The results of the study demonstrated that the eastern region could be considered as a safe and good recharge zone for the groundwater in the Aosta Valley region. The WLF map generated in this study could also be used for the management of future groundwater resources and environmental planning of the area.


Sublinear signal propagation delay in VLSI circuits carries a far greater penalty in wire area than is commonly realized. Therefore, the global complexity of VLSI circuits is more layout dependent than previously thought. This effect will be truly pronounced in the emerging wafer scale integration technology. We establish lower bounds on the trade-off between sublinear signalling speed and layout area for the implementation of a complete binary tree in VLSI. In particular, sublinear delay can only be realized at the cost of superlinear area. Designs with equal length wires can either not be laid out at all, viz. for logarithmic delay, or require such long wires in the case of radical delay (i.e., rth root of the wire length) that the aimed for gain in speed is cancelled. Also for wire length distributions commonly occurring on chip it appears that the requirements for sublinear signal propagation delay tend to cancel the gain.


The purpose of this research is to extend knowledge on adding value to office employees (end users) due to smart technology implementation. The focus of this research document is given to end users since the problem statement emphasises a need of a strategic change in CREM's activities related to smart technology implementation. The problem statement explains the recognized paradox. On the one hand smart technologies are the components of Smart Office Real Estate which should serve its end users – office employees. On the other hand , it seems that smart technology implementation initiative is a top-down process which causes issues such as peoples' fear or privacy concerns. The proposed in this research strategic change implies focusing on employee-oriented IoT implementation initiative. The research main question is 'how can Corporate Real Estate Managers (CREM) shape Internet of Things (IoT) initiative which adds value to office employees?'. The research methodology combines systematic literature review and case study methods. The case study method consists of two parts: in-depth interviewees (incl. appendage) and desk research. The research have an explorative character. The appointed mixed methodology allows to gather information from practice and at the same time ensure its reliability. The research analysis presents a comprehensive process design. The process design framework visualises actors, steps and phases of IoT implementation initiative. Additionally the research addresses implemented within investigated case studies smart technology and its explains its added value. Both findings guide CREM on how to shape an IoT initiative due to: (1) clarifying their role in the comprehensive IoT implementation process and (2) indicating application functionalities and data which CREM should pay attention to in order to add value to office employees. The research findings are highly relevant to the multiple actors, primarily CREM's practices in current changing RE market.


Quantitative measurements of adsorption from solution show up to a 70-fold increase in the adsorption coefficient when a variety of organic acids are adsorbed onto 6 nm compared to 16 nm nanocrysta...


The aim of this study was to develop a robust, quality controlled and reproducible large‐scale culture system using serum‐free (SF) medium to obtain vast numbers of embryonic stem (ES) cells as a starting source for potential applications in tissue regeneration, as well as for drug screening studies. Mouse ES (mES) cells were firstly cultured on microcarriers in spinner flasks to investigate the effect of different parameters such as the agitation rate and the feeding regimen. Cells were successfully expanded at agitation rates up to 60 rpm using the SF medium and no significant differences in terms of growth kinetics or metabolic profiles were found between the two feeding regimens evaluated: 50% medium renewal every 24 h or 25% every 12 h. Overall, cells reached maximum concentrations of (4.2 ± 0.4) and (5.6 ± 0.8) ×106 cells/mL at Day 8 for cells fed once or twice per day; which corresponds to an increase in total cell number of 85 ± 7 and 108 ± 16, respectively. To have a more precise control over culture conditions and to yield a higher number of cells, the scale‐up of the spinner flask culture system was successfully accomplished by using a fully controlled stirred tank bioreactor. In this case, the concentration of mES cells cultured on microcarriers increased 85 ± 15‐fold over 11 days. Importantly, mES cells expanded under stirred conditions, in both spinner flask and fully controlled stirred tank bioreactor, using SF medium, retained the expression of pluripotency markers such as Oct‐4, Nanog, and SSEA‐1 and their differentiation potential into cells of the three embryonic germ layers. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog.,, 2011


Selecting several locations of different latitude and altitude,the influences of support bracket form on the output of photovoltaic power generation system have been researched,the results show that with the increase of altitude and latitude,adjustable bracket shows more obvious impact to improve the capacity.The upfront costs and costs of operating and maintenance between two kinds of brackets installation are compared in this article.Through the comparative analysis,it is advised that the adjustable support bracket,which should be adjusted 4 times a year,is available at a high latitudes,high altitude and low cost area of the land,but the fixed support bracket is available at a low latitudes and low altitude.


The effect of a D.C. electric field on nucleate boiling heat transfer for refrigerants, R11, R113, and FC72, was investigated experimentally in a single-tube shell/tube heat exchanger by using the temperature control method of wall superheat. Also the behavior of bubble under nonuniform electric field produced by wire electrodes was studied by numerical calculation. For R11, the electrohydrodynamic (EHD) enhancement for boiling heat transfer was observed for all ranges of wall superheat tested. However, the enhancement in boiling heat transfer disappeared if the wall superheat exceeded 13°C for R113, and no electric field effect on the boiling heat transfer was observed for FC72. An application of approximately 5 kV was enough to eliminate the boiling hysteresis for R11 and R113. Numerical study of the electric field in a single medium has hinted that the bubbles are forced away from the heating surface and toward the electrostatic stagnation point by the dielectrophoretic force. Such modified bubble motion turns out to promote the boiling heat transfer if one uses proper electrode configuration.


Strategic communication is one of the expressions of state power and represents an instrument in the political and security achievement of national interests. Contemporary conflicts have a form of hybrid acts in the area of usage of information based on the media and Internet. The main goal of strategic communication is to influence the public opinion changing cultural values and adjustment of the political system through the "reprogramming" of the political culture. Listed offensive activities could strongly effect on national defence and security capabilities, influencing on mind of population. Paper describes conceptual correlation among the strategic concept of communication operationalised in project management with psychological behaviour influence in cyberspace. Paper offers modeling of the project approach to designing of strategic communication in the scope of the contemporary digital era. The paper analyses Internet contents on social networks through aspects of possible influence on behaviour and attitudes of the target public, as an object of strategic communication project


Thank you very much for downloading natural ventilation in buildings a design handbook. As you may know, people have look numerous times for their favorite books like this natural ventilation in buildings a design handbook, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some infectious bugs inside their desktop computer.


Molecular recognition in chemistry and biology is a kind of host-guest phenomena, which concerns inclusion complexes formed through noncovalently controlled interactions between the host and guest. Possessing well-defined hydrophobic cavities of cyclodextrins (CDs), which can bind various organic, inorganic, and biological molecules to form stable inclusion complexes or supramolecular species, have been employed as excellent hosts in supramolecular chemistry and chiral selectors in separation science and technology. Hence, a great deal of efforts has been devoted to the design and syntheses of novel CD derivatives that display enhanced molecular binding abilities and selectivities for specific substrates.


Abstract Simulation and especially computer simulation, is a basic tool since it enables engineers to understand how systems work without actually needing to see them. They can learn how they work in different circumstances and optimize their design with considerably less cost in terms of time and money than if they had to carry out tests on a physical system. In the presented work, an automatic procedure for reducing a system of algebraic-differential equations to a purely differential one, i.e. the minimum number of equations, within a simulation model carried out with a bond graph, and based only on causal assignation, is presented. Depending on the different types of causal paths and algebraic loops coexisting, through a succession of algebraic operations carried out on matrices, the method is capable of obtaining a system of reduced equations. One advantage of this approach is the ease with which the matrix simplification can be programmed by means of a series of operations and derivations, which is especially interesting when it comes to generating symbolic equations for a bond graph model, once they have been reduced and simplified. In each ZCP case will firstly develop the different algorithms and it will then applied to a model, all of this using the Bond Graph technique.


Queuing networks are used widely in computer simulation studies. Examples of queuing networks can be found in areas such as the supply chains, manufacturing work flow, and internet routing. If the networks are fairly small in size and complexity, it is possible to create discrete event simulations of the networks without incurring significant delays in analyzing the system. However, as the networks grow in size, such analysis can be time consuming, and thus require more expensive parallel processing computers or clusters. We have constructed a set of tools that allow the analyst to simulate queuing networks in parallel, using the fairly inexpensive and commonly available graphics processing units (GPUs) found in most recent computing platforms. We present an analysis of a GPU-based algorithm, describing benefits and issues with the GPU approach. The algorithm clusters events, achieving speedup at the expense of an approximation error which grows as the cluster size increases. We were able to achieve 10-x speedup using our approach with a small error in a specific implementation of a synthetic closed queuing network simulation. This error can be mitigated, based on error analysis trends, obtaining reasonably accurate output statistics. The experimental results of the mobile ad hoc network simulation show that errors occur only in the time-dependent output statistics.


Sir, I would like to thank Dr Steel for reading our article (1) and for his valuable points. Our plan is, indeed, to follow up the students who participated in our educational programme and to perform a follow-up study after 3 years. We anticipate that there will be a difference in interprofessional attitudes in comparison with students who did not attend the educational programme (2). Their non-technical skills will also need to be assessed (3). High-fidelity simulation and this type of interprofessional education have a fairly short history in Finland, but there have been studies in Finland regarding two-way communication in resuscitation (4) and leadership (5). The assessment of group


Background: Placental hypoxia is a result of abnormal and shallow trophoblast invasion and involved in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. It is well known that hy poxia increases extracellular adenosine levels and plays an important role in the regulation of physiologic and pathologic processes, e.g. angiogenesis, proliferation, vascular tone, endothelial permeability and inflammation. It was shown that adenosine concentrations are higher in preeclampt i patients. We tested the hypothesis that hypoxia and A 2B adenosine receptor activation influence cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production, proliferation, invas io nd cAMP-PKA-CREB signaling in trophoblast cells (HTR8/SVneo). Methods: Human HTR-8/SVneo trophoblast cells (HTR8) and human uterine microvasc ular endothelial cells (HUtMVEC) were used as model for experiments . We employed a cAMP assay, invasion assay, proliferation, RT-PCR and Western Blot. Sta istical analyses were performed with ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis-, Wilcoxon signed rankor Man n-Whitney Test, as appropriate. Results: Hypoxia (2% O2) in comparison to normoxia (21% O2) led to increased A 2B mRNA levels (1.21 ± 0.06 fold, p= 0.01, 1h 2% O2; 1.66 ± 0.2 fold, p= 0.01 4h 2% O2 and 1.2 ± 0.04 fold, p<0.001 24h 2% O2), respectively. A2B adenosine receptor activation (NECA) stimulated trophoblast proliferation at 2% O 2 (1.27 ± 0.06 fold, p=0.01) and 8% O2 (1.17 ± 0.07 fold, p=0.05) after 24 h and at 2% O 2 (1.22 ± 0.05 fold, p=0.004), 8% O2 (1.23 ± 0.09 fold, p= 0.045) and 21% O2 (1.15 ± 0.04 fold, p=0.01) after 48 h of incubation. Trophoblast invasion into an endothelial monolayer was significantly expanded by activati on of the receptor (NECA) at 8% O2 (1.20 ± 0.07 fold, p<0.001) and 21% O 2 (1.22 ± 0.006 fold, p=0.003). A2B adenosine receptor stimulation (NECA) additionally led to increased CREB phosphorylation in trophoblast cells at 2% O 2 (2.13 ± 0.45 fold, p=0.02), 8% O2 (1.55 ± 0.13 fold, p=0.01) and 21% O2 (1.71 ± 0.34 fold, p=0.03). Blocking of CREB signaling resulted in reduced proliferation and CREB phosphorylation. Conclusion: These data expand the recent knowledge regarding the role of adenosine receptor A2B in human placental development, and may provide insight in mechanisms associated with pregnancy complications linked to impaired trophoblast invasion such as preeclampsia.


Trust is soul of e-commerce; trust circulation is key point of e-commerce, if there is not trust supporting that e-commerce may not have fast development. Trust has become choke point in China, should set up a new trust system that form core by third side organization of seeking trust information, furthermore, enhance quality of commercial trust, come true healthy circulation of trust.


Harrogate High School has been chosen to be completely rebuilt as part of a Government scheme to improve the conditions in some of Britain's ...


From the Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Radiology, and the Herbert J. Frensley Center for Imaging Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Psychiatry Service, Houston Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas; and the Center for Advanced Medical Technologies, Department of Radiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah. Address correspondence to Dr. Hurley, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030-3498; e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


The invention discloses a collateral filmed stent which comprises a main part and a collateral part. Either main part or the collateral part comprises a bracket and a tubular covering film, the bracket of the main part comprises a plurality of bracket segments including at least one heightening bracket segment, the bracket of the collateral part comprises one or more bracket segments including at least one heightening bracket segment, the distance between the closest bracket segment of the collateral part and the main part is 2 mm to 8 mm, and a lateral hole connecting the collateral part with the main part can be used as a positioning ring which can be sewed in a main covering film, between the main covering film and a lateral covering film or outside the lateral covering film. The collateral filmed stent can be simultaneously implanted in the aorta, the left subclavian artery, the left common carotid artery and the innominate artery or respective branch vessels to treat aneurysm and aorta rupture with ascending aortic aneurysm, aortic arch and descending aortic aneurysm involvement.


Objective To study the possibility of using heterogeneous antiserum in single radial immunodiffusion (SRID) for quantitative detection of HA in H7N9 influenza vaccine product when H7N9-specific antiserum is not available in order to establish a testing method for the detection of H 7N9 antigen in any urgent situation.Methods Antisera specific for H7N1, H7N2, H7N3 and H7N7 were obtained from NIBSC and used for SRID assay .Amino acid sequences of hemagglutinins were comparatively analyzed be-tween H7N9 virus and other viruses used to prepare heterogeneous antiserum .The titers of antisera against H7N9 and their homogenous antigens were detected by double immunodiffusion method .Based on the results of homology analysis and cross-reaction, a suitable antiserum was selected and its applicability was further validated by the SRID assay using H7N9 antigen.Results Influenza A virus subtype H7N3 that used for preparation of 07/278 antiserum showed the highest HA homology with H7N9 (97.14%).The titer of 07/278 antiserum against H7N9 antigen was 1 ∶8 as detected by double immunodiffusion assay .The H7N9 anti-gen and the 07/278 antiserum could form a clear precipitation line in SRID assay .The detection of H7N9 antigen in the range of 10 to 40μg/ml showed a good linearity in the standard curve .Conclusion The 07/278 antiserum from NIBSC can be used as an alternative reagent for the quantitative detection of hemaggluti -nin in H7N9 influenza virus vaccine .

Key words:
LI Chang-gui;  XU gang-wei;  LIU Shu-zhen;  SHAO Ming;  YUAN Li-yong;  XU Miao;  WANG Jun-zhi.( National Institutes for Food and Drug Control;  Beijing 100050;  China)


We investigated whether the production of the mRNAs for the auxiliary beta subunits of the Na channels are modulated in deafferented medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) and in axotomized facial motoneurons. No beta1-3 mRNAs modulation was detected at any time following unilateral labyrinthectomy in the deafferented and intact medial vestibular nucleus. In contrast, beta1 gene expression in the axotomized facial nucleus decreased compared to controls as soon as day post-lesion 3.


Objective To investigate the damage of free radicals on the basal forebrain and cortex and the protective functions of ginsenosides(GS),to provide the molecular biological data for the anti-aging effect of GS.Methods Thirty female Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups(n=10):young,aged and GS group(feed up GS to rats from 17th to 27th month).Nitric oxide(NO) and malondialdehyde(MDA) levels as well as superoxide dismutase(SOD) activities were tested in basal forebrain,hippocampal format and cerebral cortex of 3 groups.Results The levels of NO and MDA in the three brain areas were high in aged group(P0.01) and low in GS group(P0.05).The activities of SOD were low in aged group(P0.01) and high in GS group(P0.05).Conclusions Ginsenosides(GS) can improve the anti-oxidation ability of cholinergic system.


We study a class of almost scale-invariant modified gravity theories, using a particular form of $f(R, G) = \alpha R^2 + \beta G \log G$ where $R$ and $G$ are the Ricci and Gauss-Bonnet scalars, respectively and $\alpha$, $\beta$ are arbitrary constants. We derive the Einstein-like field equations to first order in cosmological perturbation theory in longitudinal gauge.


Coordination compounds are obtained by the reaction between Lewis acids (metal) and Lewis bases (ligand). According to Pearson's acid-base theory, also known as HSAB theory, the stability of the compound depends on the hardness of the acid and the base and their affinity. Hard bases tend to react with hard acids and soft bases prefer to react with soft acids. By just varying the hardness of the metal, the ligand or the solvent it is possible to substantially change the structure of the complex, giving a plethora of possibilities for the synthesis of different coordination compounds. This phenomenon was evidenced in coordination compounds of Cu (II) and Zn (II), where changing the ligand from 3,5-dinitrobenzoate to pyrazole derivatives affects the number of metallic centers present after crystallization 1 . Interested in these results we decided to study the effect of the recrystallization solvent on the coordination sphere of the complex [Co(3,5-dinitrobenzoate-O,O') 2 ]. Depending on the donor capabilities of the solvent, the complex undergoes a change on its coordination sphere, changing from a trinuclear Co (II) complex when the solvent is a soft base to mononuclear Co (II) complex when the solvent is a hard base. These structural changes are of great interest because materials and molecules that include cobalt in their structure have several spin states, which gives it interesting magnetic properties 2 .


. Users' acceptability of Web applications relies strictly on these applications' usability, which can be improved through the use of evaluations. This paper reports a practical case study of usability testing, in which a synchronization service of navigation data across multiple devices, called Browserver is compared against a similar service. The results of this experiment show the possibility of conducting effective usability tests with low cost.


The grammar of Pa ̄n. ini, which dates from somewhere round 350 to 250 B.C., is one of the greatest monuments of human intelligence ...... . No other language, to this days, has been so perfectly described ...... . (Bloomfield, 1933, 11.). This paper is concerned in the method of description of the grammar of Pa ̄n. ini and the application of the method to description of the Korean Grammar. But the whole range of the Korean Grammar is so wide that the scope of Korean Grammar of this paper is limited to postpositional words. I admit this paper is very trial and tentative.


In the domain of electronic commerce and electronic government affairs,we may face the situation of signing the same document by a group of people. Moreover,we need the ability of investigating the accountability of the signer. To meet such requirements,we propose an identity traceable attribute-based multi-signature scheme. The attribute-based multi-signature( ABMS) can solve the problem of multi-signing the same document. By integrating the thought of traceability, we successfully prevent the signer from abusing his identity. Under the premise of ensuring the privacy of the signer,we achieve the goal of traceability. On the basis of the subgroup decision and the computational Diffie-Hellman( CDH) assumptions,we prove that the scheme is unforgeable in the standard model. Compared with the existing schemes,our scheme is traceability and suitable for solving the problem of responsibility of multi-signers.


Under supply-limited conditions a part of the present river bed sediment is immobile. This immobile sediment often forms layers that inhibit further entrainment of the underlying sediment. The volume of mobile sediment on top of the immobile layer limits the development of bedforms. The bedforms play a crucial role in determining the bed roughness and the sediment transport. In morphological models the bed roughness is an important parameter because it determines the water level, flow velocity and the bed shear stress for sediment transport. Therefore the limited development of bedforms due to a limitation of the volume of mobile sediment is important to include in the roughness prediction. In an extensive set of laboratory experiments (> 30 experiments in 5 series) the bed form dimensions, bed roughness and sediment transport have been studied. Based on these and other lab data a relation between the mobile layer thickness and the supply-limited bedform dimensions has been developed (recently accepted in 'Sedimentology', January 2009). Based on these supply-limited bedform dimensions a new method to predict the bed roughness has now also been developed. This method takes decreasing bedform dimensions and the progressive exposure of the -usually coarsersub-layer into account. After implementation of the new method in a morphological model (Delft3D) it is studied whether large-scale bed level changes (aggradation/degradation) can now be predicted in an improved way when conditions are supply-limited. For this purpose a set of non-equilibrium laboratory experiments has been carried out in which a 'wave' of mobile sediment propagates over a coarse immobile layer. It is concluded that the morphological simulation of this wave can be improved compared to conventional modeling practice. INTRODUCTION Immobile layers develop naturally in river beds e.g. through amour layer development or more ephemeral immobile layer (pavement) formation below the transporting sediment. Moreover, immobile layers are made as a measure to prevent erosion, or widen bends. The sediment transport on top of these immobile layers is usually supply-limited. This means that locally no additional sediment can be picked up and the transport rate is determined by upstream supply. The local sediment transport rate depends on the available amount of sediment on top of the immobile layer, characterized by the average layer thickness. The transport rate decreases with a decreasing amount of bed load sediment. Therefore, the amount of bed load sediment adapts to the upstream supply of sediment until the local transport rate matches the upstream supply under equilibrium conditions. This decreasing volume causes an incomplete coverage of the immobile layer and smaller bedform dimensions (Tuijnder et al., 2009). The authors have conducted 5 sets of flume experiments to study the relation between supply-limitation and the bedform dimensions, the bed roughness and the sediment transport rate. The results of one of these sets have been used to develop a bedform dimension reduction (BDR-) function that describes the decrease in dune dimensions due to supply limitation (Tuijnder et al., 2009). In this paper, we first show the reduction in bedform dimensions and present a new method to predict the supply-limited bedform dimensions. Subsequently, the consequences of the reduced dune dimensions and the increased exposure of the usually coarser immobile layer for the roughness and the sediment tranport rate are presented. Moreover, we propose a model to take the variation in immobile layer exposure and bedform dimensions variation into account for the sediment transport rate calculations. Finally, the practical application of the proposed transport model is tested by using it in a morphological model. A series of morphological experiments with supply-limited sand waves have been carried out. The results of one of these experiments will be compared to the simulated results using the proposed model concept for supply-limited transport. EXPERIMENTAL DATA Five sets of experiments under equilibrium conditions have been conducted to study the effect of a supply-limitation on the bedform dimensions, the bed roughness and the sediment transport rate. The characteristics of these experimental data sets will be briefly described below, for a complete description reference is made to Tuijnder (2010). The experiments have been conducted with two uniform grain size distributions, one in the sand and one in the gravel grain size range. The median grain sizes of the sand and gravel are 0.8 mm and 11 mm and the geometric standard deviation of both sediments is 1.3. This gravel was immobile under the imposed flow conditions, while the sand was transported. The sediment discharge at the end of the flume was fed back at the upstream end. Between the experiments the supplylimitation was varied by varying the thickness of the sand layer present on top of an immobile gravel layer. In each experiment equilibrium conditions were maintained by adjusting the flume slope and the level of the weir. This way the flow velocity (u) and water depth (h) remained constant within each series, while the sand layer thickness (d) was varied in n steps. Table 1 lists the most important experimental conditions. The flow conditions in the experiments were in the lower flow regime where dune development is expected for the sand (see e.g. Southard and Boguchwal, 1990); provided that enough mobile sand is present. Table 1. Imposed conditions for the experimental series ______________________________________________________________________ Hydraulic conditions Variation sand layer thickness ___________________ _________________________ Series h (m) u (m/s) d min – max (m) n (steps) Δ0 (m) ______________________________________________________________________ 1 0.20 0.52 0.000 – 0.160 9 0.080 2 0.30 0.52 0.000 – 0.095 6 0.091 3 0.15 0.52 0.004 – 0.095 5 0.067 4 0.20 0.58-0.67 0.004 – 0.039 3 0.081 5 0.20 0.46 0.003 – 0.160 6 0.069 ______________________________________________________________________ PREDICTION OF DUNE DIMENSIONS UNDER SUPPLY-LIMITED CONDITIONS The dune dimensions vary in each series because of the variation in the layer thickness of the sand that is present on the gravel layer. Figure 1a shows the variation in dune height with varying sand layer thickness. Both axes have been made dimensionless by dividing by the alluvial dune height of each series. This is the asymptotic dune height that is reached if d increases under the same flow depth and flow velocity. Making both axes dimensionless this way cause the data from the different series, that grow to different dune heights, to collapse into one relation between the relative dune height (Δ/Δ0) and the relative sediment availability (d/Δ0). Because of the collapse of all data to one function between the parameters it is possible to descrine it with a function. We derived the following BDR-functions to describe the decrease in dune height and length (Λ) due to a limited sediment supply (Tuijnder et al., 2009): Δ Δ0 = 1− exp −d αhΔ0 ⎛


Through introducing the background and cause for its formation,we analyzed the tangible and intangible economic value of reverse logistics in the environment of low-carbon economy as well as its value in preserving the ecological environment and conserving natural resources and then,in view of the current situation of reverse logistics in China,proposed several suggestions for its development.


We present a brief review of the use of nonlinear optics for broadband terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopy with femtosecond laser pulses. The generation of THz pulses is accomplished by optical rectification and coherent detection by electro-optic sampling or field-induced second-harmonic generation. The approach permits exceptional time response, as well as the possibility for multichannel detection schemes.


In order to investigate the preparation of radioiodinated resveratrol and its biodistribution in mice,resveratrol was labeled with 131I using lactoperoxidase methods and purified by ethyl acetate.The radiolabeled compound was characterized by polyamide TLC,in which the substratum of Vtrichoromethane∶ Vacetone∶Vethanol∶VAdam′s ale=4∶4∶0.5∶0.4 was used as the developing agent.Biodistribution studies were accomplished on KM mice.At different time after radiopharmaceutical i.v.administration(0.185 MBq 131I-tetrahydropalmatine/mouse),the animals were sacrificed(n=5 animals for each time).Blood and the interested tissues were collected,washed,weighted and counted.The percent injected dose per gram(%ID·g-1) was calculated for each sample.The labeling yield of 131I-resveratrol is 69.3% and its RCPs are 95.9%,92.0%,90.4%,and 90.1% after 1,3,7 and 15 d,respectively.Biodistribution in mice demonstrates that 131I-resveratrol is distributed into broad organs and tissues.However,it reveals higher levels in liver,kidney and intestine than in other tissues.In liver and kidney,the %ID·g-1 are 16.35% and 13.05% at 5 min,respectively.131I-resveratrol is metabolized mainly through liver and kidney.Simultaneously,its high distribution is also found in intestine.The %ID·g-1 of 131I-resveratrol is 11.70% at 10 min;the activity in thyroid increases with time.Therefore,the 131I-resveratrol is worthy of further investigation to trace the compound in vivo and ex vivo.


item groups of marine products from India. The export performance of chilled fish in the post liberalisation period 1995-2008 was analysed by studying the graphical trend, percentage contribution, compound growth rate analysis, instability index and direction of trade. The decline of Singapore as the bulk purchaser, the emergence of a number of smaller markets, and the increase in total export quantities were the dominant features of the trade in chilled fish. Growth rate of Singapore in export quantity and export real value was negative and was significant. Growth of Thailand in export quantity and value was moderate and significant. Stability in export quantity was lower for U.A.E., higher for Canada and moderate for Singapore, Thailand and Hong Kong. Considering direction of trade, Thailand showed only a moderate probability (0.3690) of market retention while Singapore had probability of becoming unstable.


Modular robots hold promise of adaptability, robustness, and versatility. Synchronization of modules is critical; if a module is asynchronous, not only will the robot fail to perform tasks properly, but its behavior may be self‐destructive through self‐collision. To avoid this, modern modular robots tend to have several separate communication systems. Wireless communication is used for interfacing with an external controller and synchronizing all modules, but is power‐hungry and prone to congestion with a large number of modules. Neighbor‐to‐neighbor (local) communication is necessary for configuration discovery and for synchronizing orientations, but cannot connect to wireless. As it stands, local communication is underutilized and wireless communication struggles with scalability due to number. A novel hybrid protocol is presented, where only a fraction of the modules connect to wireless and act as hubs which propagate messages through the local system. This method reduces both energy consumption and global network traffic while maintaining functionality and adding redundancy in communication. Through careful selection of hubs, it is shown that the operational time of a modular robot can be extended by 20%.


I " " » Carthay'Center Elemeptary School, an. urban school in »»Los' Angeles, developed Individualized Instruction through Open Structure in order to meet the needs of a changing student population. The program attempts to excite children about learning and to reinforce basic academic skills. The child*s interest, .needs, and abilities are, "integrated into the learning, environment. The 'classrooms'have cross-age grouping; there is flexibility of time and space, an informal room environment, and a variety of learning v centers, 'in each classroom, the students plan their day with their teacher, fill out daily or weekly schedules, share ideas and feelings in a discussion circle, and make their own evaluation of their 'accomplishments, and progress at the end of .the day. Parents and community volunteers participate in,all aspects of the school program. Students enrolled in the program for. three years scored an "average of 11 percentile points higher in reading and 16 percentile points higher in mathematics than students who transferred, into the program. .On teacher, parent, and student inventories^ the work ^habits, social and emotional development, and intellectual development of the students received positive ratings. (DDO) [VTL'JAIIZfeP ING'iWCm TCN THROUGH OPKN STRUCTURE f~ \ "A CHILD CSNTljHrSD SCHOOL" ' . ' \ . * '. < . . Instruction ^Rrough Open Structure is th* progranj at . Carthay Center Elementary School*in the Los Angeles Unified School \ " District. This program re'ceived ESSA (Title III funding from -197,1 -* " > ' f .' r 197^ and is now funded as an ESSA Title III Incentive .Grant for dis-' ,t i \ . semination purposes. The needs of ̂ Carthay Center iTLementary School, wften we .started this x  I program were not -unique. Five yeans ago our teachers began to , ' e f . ques'ti on" their traditional approacht' to education. It seemed that -' ' " : X ' ' .the things that.they had been doing over the years were no .longer * * « successful. The student population, reflecting the greater society, was: changing. The students' were more sophisticated, more critical, " '-''.»' « more cynical, and mor,e probing. .Inevitably they were restless and t> . ..\ difficult to motivate. New educational methods were needed. So . A ' . after irmch research, visiting, and conferring with our parents, we '."-.. '4 . , i ' ir*~** made a commitment to try this program.' ., ' Wo at Carthay Center Elementary School wanted a program that would * o ' ? -. . both excite children about" learning and reinfonce basic academic ^ ... ..... . . skills. We developed the program Individualized lnstructionwThrough 1 .."*"» * ' f " ..Open Structure with the idea .that-learning could be joyful. 'We be ' . K. ' ' lieved that each child was a .unique individual, had worth and dignity, i ' » . % " ' and a res^onsibitity to others, and .we«felt .each child Should be inner directed, ?nd v/hen egivftn the opportunity yould explore and grow. . >. . . * . ' ' ' ' / _ '*' , .S . ... . \* , ' teacher in the rrorram has-a reny trust and belief in children d childhood, n resrr-: 1. -fpr the ii/ri^aoy o^ adult.-ch.i.1 d i~ti lr,tior..".h>! r.-r; t / : '.' \* " . > . " ' ^n'-i :i icccptancr of children as they are,Hh^ir backgrounds, their, * f ' r *" ' i . experiences, their natures, their talents, and their intere&ts, . i ' ' '.' E-a^h-.-teache^ has .-the ability to hel^ children b'ecome involved iffi .-'./ ' '' ' ' ' ;1 th<? process.o? "' % " learning ' and make ' connections ''" between experiences. The teacher keerjg extensive/records of every child f's progress, and \ . m**" *' . ' a di.-i.pnpstic/nrescriptive -inventory of each individual. The teacher . * h^s the ejoerionce, and motivation to .help, children to grow, to learn, 4 anJ to find joy in coming to. school. Each teacher .knows that children's interests are varied, and that children are curious, imaginative, * .' . ; . ' .'creative, feeling, and honest. ' . * At. Carthay Center School the child's .interests, needs,-and abilities are integrated with the^leartiim; environment. The classroom has ^ . . nulti^age £roup"ing. , There is flexibility of 'time and s*pace,, an informal r,oo*i environment, and a variety of learning centers. The <" * cla'ssrpom is rich in manipulative materials, and choices for students. In each classroom the student's plan their day with their teacher, fill out daily or weekly .schedules, share ideas and feedings in *a . ~jdi"sc"uision circle, and make their own evaluation at the end of the . ' I ' ' ' ' "' * ' ' day as to their acscomplishments and progress on) their schedules* . .-... .c academic"*skills -are femphasized in our program, fading-, math, " '' '' ' , ,.. .-. . .' . and language arts are 'taught in a variety of w«^rs. /Inhere are" / /" " . / »" // " / directed lessons to/'the whole//class, small group/lessons to A or 5 / . / / / .' / ' /"/ ' ' '" ',' /" ''/:'''' ' ',-! ' 'i~. ' ' 7' students, one to/one-ifcfetEuStion, and indep^d^t woirk afe-learni . / >


We used direct radiocarbon dates of peat samples, pollen dates and land-uplift chronology from >1300 cores comprising all or most of the Holocene in the boreal region of Finland, Estonia and Maine (USA) to obtain long-term carbon accumulation rates for boreal peatlands. The "apparent" long-term rate of carbon accumulation (LORCA; g C m−2 a−1) ranged from 4.6 to 85.8 (mean 19.9 ± 10.7), depending on the geographical location, wetland type and the age of the mire. The "true" or "actual" rate of carbon accumulation (ARCA), as derived from models for peatbog growth, was usually ca. 70% of LORCA. We studied the raised bog Reksuo more intensely in terms of growth dynamics, and we report preliminary results of the "three-dimensional" or spatial carbon accumulation rates. These results strongly contradict the concept of constant input and constant decay throughout the millennia. The study emphasizes the importance of exploring the formation and dynamics of entire mire ecosystems, and the role of carbon in these systems, in addition to studying single cores.


of US workers in the construction industry work on scaffolding. Of these workers 4,500 are injured and 50 die every year due to scaffold-related accidents. Proper safety management such as scaffolding safety inspections can support the hazard mitigation and prevention. This paper shares the results of a study of the levels of safety risk at each stage of the scaffoldings project life cycle for building a masonry wall and how these risks and related mitigation suggestions can be applied to Building Information Models (BIM). Safety is integrated with 4 dimensional (4D) BIM by linking the scaffoldings safety risks and mitigations with the project schedule. The 4D BIM can be used as a tool for the safety management to monitor and diminish the safety hazards associated with scaffolding work. Four different stages of research were conducted to determine the safety risks and implement them, and the mitigations, into BIM. (1) Determine the activities associated with working on scaffolding. (2) Collect data from industry professionals about the likelihood and severity of safety hazards at each stage of the scaffolding project life cycle. (3) Establish the safety risks using the collected data and a standardized algorithm. (4) Incorporate the safety risks into BIM and provide mitigation recommendations. As a result, the 4D BIM can be used throughout the project planning and construction progress to inform the safety management of activities associated with the scaffolding that have high safety risks and assist safety management in implementing preventative measures according to given mitigation recommendations.


Abstract : Navy Experimental Diving Unit (NEDU) was tasked(1) to test and evaluate the KMS 48 full face mask (FFM) with the VIPER very shallow water (VSW) underwater breathing apparatus (UBA). Testing was designed to assess the abilities of the KMS 48 FFM to operate properly with the VIPER VSW UBA to the UBA's maximum certification depth, 50 feet of sea water (fsw).


Most state-of-the-art multibody systems are multidisciplinary and encompass a wide range of components from various domains such as electrical, mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, etc. The design considerations and design parameters of the system can come from any of these domains or from a combination of these domains. In order to perform analytical design sensitivity analysis on a multidisciplinary system (MDS), we first need a uniform modeling approach for this class of systems to obtain a unified mathematical model of the system. Based on this model, we can derive a unified formulation for design sensitivity analysis. In this paper, we present a modeling and design sensitivity formulation for MDS that has been successfully implemented in the MIXEDMODELS (Multidisciplinary Integrated eXtensible Engine for Driving Metamodeling, Optimization and DEsign of Large-scale Systems) platform. MIXEDMODELS is a unified analysis and design tool for MDS that is based on a procedural, symbolic-numeric architecture. This architecture allows any engineer to add components in his/her domain of expertise to the platform in a modular fashion. The symbolic engine in the MIXEDMODELS platform synthesizes the system governing equations as a unified set of non-linear differential-algebraic equations (DAE's). These equations can then be differentiated with respect to design to obtain an additional set of DAE's in the sensitivity coefficients of the system state variables with respect to the system's design variables. This combined set of DAE's can be solved numerically to obtain the solution for the state variables and state sensitivity coefficients of the system. Finally, knowing the system performance functions, we can calculate the design sensitivity coefficients of these performance functions by using the values of the state variables and state sensitivity coefficients obtained from the DAE's. In this work we use the direct differentiation approach for sensitivity analysis, as opposed to the adjoint variable approach, for ease in error control and software implementation. The capabilities and performance of the proposed design sensitivity analysis formulation are demonstrated through a numerical example consisting of an AC rectified DC power supply driving a slider crank mechanism. In this case, the performance functions and design variables come from both electrical and mechanical domains. The results obtained were verified by perturbation analysis, and the method was shown to be very accurate and computationally viable.Copyright © 2007 by ASME


Along with the rapid development of the world economic integration,capital is becoming more and more important in China's economic development.However,because of historical and practical reasons,the Chinese people's livelihood problem have not been fundamentally resolved.It is prominently reflected on the issue of housing of the Chinese people.The housing problem essentially is the result of limitless space expansion for the sake of accumulation and value-addition of capital.On the one hand,capital transfers the inherent contradictions that can not be reconciled,achieves the purposes of exploitation of labor and profit maximization,extending the rule of space and extend its own life;on the other hand,capital changes the space into a commodity with value and use value,and make it become a tool of political domination and the place of production and consumption.Studying China's housing problem from the space dimension,we can better understand the nature of capital and the government's social management function,which has important theoretical and practical significance for the construction of a harmonious society in China.


To facilitate teachers and students to exploit the myriad possibilities of using web resources to meet individual's learning or teaching needs, in this paper, we present an architectural framework of Personalized Education System (PES). Central to the PES framework is the design and development of a Personalized Education Ontology (PEOnto) that facilitates the identification and discovery of relevant learning objects for individual needs. To this end, we propose PEOnto that consists of five interrelated educational ontologies, namely, the Curriculum Ontology, Subject domain (Language education) Ontology, Pedagogy Ontology, People Ontology, and Personalized Education Agents (PEA) Ontology. Together, these educational ontologies serve to address various PE scenarios and enable delivery of personalized educational services within the multi-agents-based PES. We also present the design and development of a testbed, called Personalized Instructional Planning (PIP), for studying ways of integrating multiple ontologies for personalized search and study plan generation.


Near-infrared (NIR) emission materials have been widely developed in food inspection, spectral analysis and so on. The broader the emission band of the NIR phosphor, the more components will be...


Well bore servicing fluids are provided that include a ther mally activated Viscosification compound. Further, methods of Servicing a well bore are provided that include displacing Such a Servicing fluid into the well bore, wherein a Viscosity of the Servicing fluid increases as it passes down the well bore due to its temperature increasing. Thus, the Viscosity of the Servicing fluid is effective to Suspend Solids therein when the servicing fluid is in the well bore. The servicing fluid may be, for example, a cement slurry, a drilling fluid, a gravel packing fluid, a fracturing fluid, a completion fluid, or a work-over fluid. In an embodiment, the thermally activated Viscosification compound includes at least one water-Soluble hydrophobically modified polymer comprising a hydropho bic substituent having from about 1 to about 22 carbon atOmS.


Abstract : In the paper, attention is given to the influence of the transverse aerodynamic force component which might be encountered by space vehicles during reentry. The general effects of small orthogonal perturbations were first investigated by Newton, and it is shown that qualitatively the behavior proves to be essentially the same for large aerodynamically induced forces.


Lateral head motions, torso motions, lateral neck bending angles, and electromyographic (EMG) activity patterns of five human volunteer passengers are compared to lateral motions of a Hybrid III ATD during right-left and left-right fishhook steering maneuvers leading to vehicular tip-up. While the ATD maintained relatively fixed lateral neck angles, live subjects leaned their heads slightly inward and actively utilized their neck musculature to stiffen their necks against the lateral inertial loads. Except for differences in neck lateral bending, the Hybrid III ATD reasonably reflects occupant kinematics during the pre-trip phase of on-road rollovers.


The use of liquid metal as an alternative to cover the plasma-exposed areas of fusion reactors has called for the development of substrates where refilling and metal spreading occur readily and at reasonably low temperatures. In the search for common materials for this purpose, we show that nanostructured tungsten coatings deposited on stainless steel (SS) by magnetron sputtering at oblique angles (MS-OAD) is a good option, provided that the surface microstructure of substrate is properly engineered. Tungsten thin films with nominal thicknesses of 500 and 2500 nm were deposited onto SS plates subjected to conventional surface finishing treatments (sand blasting, sand paper abrasion and electrochemical polishing) to modify the surface topography and induce the appearance of different groove patterns. In the first part of this work we show how the topographical features of the SS substrates affect the typical nanocolumnar microstructure of OAD thin films of tungsten. Subsequently, we characterize the spreading behavior of liquid lithium onto these tungsten nanocolumnar surfaces and critically discuss whether nanocolumnar tungsten thin films are a suitable option for the wetting and spreading of molten lithium. As a result, we reveal that the features of the tungsten nanocolumnar coating, characterized by a given height and void spaces between nanocolumns in the order of 1–2 μm, is critical for the spreading of molten lithium, while the existence of wider channels affects it very weakly. Moreover, it is shown that tungsten films deposited by MS-OAD on SS substrates subjected to conventional finishing procedures represent a good alternative to other more complex surface engineering procedures utilized for this purpose.


Painted insects can be a valuable tool in studying protective coloration either in the laboratory or the field. This technique was first used in field studies of Batesian mimicry by L. Brower et al. (1964, 1967) and Cook et al. (1969). Their results are difficult to interpret because the presumed non-aposematic controls actually resembled toxic butterflies (Waldbauer and Sternburg, 1975). Similar techniques have since been used unequivocally in field studies of Mullerian mimicry by Benson (1972) and Batesian mimicry by Sternburg et al. (1977) and Jeffords et al. (1979, 1980). We warn of a potential pitfall of this technique and call attention to the ambiguity of the results presented in a recent publication by Silberglied et al. (1980). Silberglied et al. (1980) urged caution in interpreting animal coloration from untested hypotheses, pointing out that the concept of disruptive coloration is widely accepted despite the lack of experimental tests of its efficacy. We agree and do not here argue for or against disruptive coloration. However, we believe that the results of their experiment, the first to test this concept, are subject to more than one interpretation and thus do not demonstrate unambiguously the ineffectiveness of disruptive coloration in the butterfly Anartiafatima Fab. The experiment in question was done on Barro Colorado Island, Panama, with a small population of A. fatima that occurs on the island only at the laboratory clearing. The wings of A.fatima bear white or yellowish "disruptive" stripes on their light brown ventral surfaces and on their blackish dorsal surfaces. Silberglied et al. (1980) obliterated the dorsal stripes of an experimental group with a black felt pen. A control group received similar marks on the adjacent dark portions of the wings, leaving their appearance unchanged. These butterflies were repeatedly released and recaptured for 21 weeks. The experimental and control groups did not differ significantly in longevity or wing damage; this was interpreted to mean that the "disruptive" pattern of the A .fatima did not protect them from visually oriented predators. This interpretation involves the tacit assumption that the appearance of the A. fatima with a modified color pattern did not in any way protect them against predation. We believe that this assumption is not justified. Blackening the light stripes of A. fatima produces a butterfly that is dorsally blackish-brown except for a fairly large median patch of closely spaced red spots Revised December 1, 1982


Background: CDC6 is a replication licensing factor, which is tightly regulated to prevent reinitiation of replication. Results: Hepatitis B virus HBx protein up-regulates CDC6 both transcriptionally as well as post-transcriptionally and promotes its recruitment to β-globin origin of replication. Conclusion: Accumulation of CDC6 protein under HBx microenvironment facilitates origin licensing. Significance: Deregulation of replication factors could be a mechanism associated with viral oncogenesis. Prevention of re-replication via negative regulation of replication initiator proteins, such as CDC6, is key to maintenance of genomic integrity, whereas their up-regulation is generally associated with perturbation in cell cycle, genomic instability, and potentially, tumorigenesis. The HBx oncoprotein of hepatitis B virus is well known to deregulate cell cycle and has been intricately linked to development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Despite a clear understanding of the proliferative effects of HBx on cell cycle, a mechanistic link between HBx-mediated hepatocarcinogenesis and host cell DNA replication remains poorly perused. Here we show that HBx overexpression in both the cellular as well as the transgenic environment resulted in the accumulation of CDC6 through transcriptional and post-translational up-regulation. The HBx-mediated increase in CDK2 activity altered the E2F1-Rb (retinoblastoma) balance, which favored CDC6 gene expression by E2F1. Besides, HBx impaired the APCCdh1-dependent protein degradation pathway and conferred intracellular stability to CDC6 protein. Increase in CDC6 levels correlated with increase in CDC6 occupancy on the β-globin origin of replication, suggesting increment in origin licensing and re-replication. In conclusion, our findings strongly suggest a novel role for CDC6 in abetting the oncogenic sabotage carried out by HBx and support the paradigm that pre-replicative complex proteins have a role in oncogenic transformation.


Model predictive direct power control (MPDPC) is a suitable method for the highly nonlinear system of a three‐level Vienna rectifier. However, the traditional MPDPC suffers from irregular switching states, which can decrease current tracking accuracy and generate high current ripple and electromagnetic noise. Additionally, the use of sensors can increase system hardware costs and complexity. To enhance operational reliability and reduce the fault impact of AC voltage sensors, a double closed‐loop control strategy based on voltage‐sensorless MPDPC in the inner loop and sliding mode control (SMC) in the outer loop is proposed. First, the virtual flux model of the three‐phase Vienna rectifier is established in the two‐phase static coordinate system, and the second‐order low‐pass filter is used to improve the voltage observer to estimate the grid‐voltage. Meanwhile, an improved grid voltage observer based on the second‐order low‐pass filter is designed to improve the observation effect. Second, to solve the variable switching operation, current fluctuation and wide harmonic spectrum caused by the traditional MPDPC effectively, a double closed‐loop control strategy with constant switching frequency based on voltage‐sensorless MPDPC in the inner loop and SMC control in the outer loop is proposed. Based on the principle of SVPWM modulation, the modulation voltage of SVPWM is calculated directly, in order to verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis, extensive simulation and matching experimental is presented to verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis. © 2023 The Authors. IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering published by Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.


Tunnel excavation may induce adverse effects on nearby existing structures/foundations in urban areas. Several studies have been undertaken to understand the mechanisms of the soil–tunnel–pile interaction, which focused only on influence of tunnelling on nearby existing building and foundations. However, effect of pile loading on existing tunnels did not receive enough research attention so far. So it is essential to measure the response of existing tunnel-lining due to loading on newly constructed pile to assess to the safety against the additional forces/moment caused by pile loading. This paper presents result of three-dimensional finite element analysis carried out in ABAQUS to investigate the effects of pile loading on existing tunnels embedded in cohesive soil. It is found that the effects on tunnel lining depend on horizontal separation distance between pile and tunnel as well as location/elevation of pile tip with respect to tunnel location.


The modal transition loss between straight and 90deg bend rib waveguide structures on Silicon-on-Insulator platform have been optimized with the simulated results using Finite Element Method (FEM) and Beam Propagation Method (BPM). We have studied different asymmetric configurations to minimize the radius of curvature of bend waveguide. The simulation results shows that a 90deg bend waveguide is possible with a bending radius as low as 800 mum keeping the loss budget to ~1 dB.


The U.S. Department of Energy is contributing to the design of a potential nuclear-waste repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. A system to predict the contribution of Yucca Mountain (YM) bacteria to overall corrosion rates of candidate waste-package (WP) materials was designed and implemented. DC linear polarization resistance techniques were applied to candidate material coupons that had been inoculated with a mixture of YM-derived bacteria with potentially corrosive activities or left sterile. Inoculated bacteria caused a 5- to 6-fold increase in corrosion rate of carbon steel C1020 (to approximately 7Ð8mm/yr) and an almost 100-fold increase in corrosion rate of Alloy 400 (to approximately 1mm/yr). Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) rates on more resistant materials (CRMs: Alloy 625, Type 304 Stainless Steel, and Alloy C22) were on the order of hundredths of micrometers per year (mm/yr). Bulk chemical and surfacial end-point analyses of spent media and coupon surfaces showed preferential dissolution of nickel from Alloy 400 coupons and depletion of chromium from CRMs after incubation with YM bacteria. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also showed greater damage to the Alloy 400 surface than that indicated by electrochemical detection methods.


In this letter we demonstrated precisely that the mass of the massive Carroll-Field-Jackiw model can emerge from a condensation of the topological defects. To accomplish the task we have used an approach named Julia-Toulouse mechanism and we described how a condensation of topological defects can drive the system to a phase with a massive theory.


Attacks on nurses and other acute care staff in England have risen in the past year, with more than 67,000 assaults across the NHS, new figures show. Language: en


The aim of this article is to show the possible relations between certain socio-historical changes characteristic of late modernity and the formation of the identity, as keys to understand the increased incidence of Borderline Personality Disorder. The theoretical approach to address this complex problem of identity in our current society includes the contributions of Canadian sociologist, James E. Cote, and the question about the modern technique of German philosopher Martin Heidegger. Their profound thoughts about our current way of dwelling in the world had led us to rethink the problem of identity in the light of the marked increase of Borderline Personality Disorder and their resulting dysfunction of identity.


In this study, using a periodical ground structure (PGS) on GaAs monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC), transmission line with a high isolation characteristic was developed for application to compact signal/bias lines of highly integrated MMIC. And the origin of the high isolation characteristic was theoretically investigated. The high isolation characteristic was originated from a resonance between adjacent microstrip lines employing PGS. With only a spacing of 20 μm, the coupled microstrip line employing PGS showed an isolation value of -47 ㏈ at 60 ㎓. The frequency range for high isolation was easily controlled by changing the PGS structure. Above results indicate that microstrip lines employing PGS are very useful for application to compact signal/bias lines of highly integrated MMIC requiring a high isolation characteristics between lines. In addition, equivalent circuit employing closed-form equation for the coupled line with PGS was also extracted.


T hanks to such questions, the status and future of the family became a lightning rod in a broader discussion about morality in the market economy that had emerged, with a sweeping series of economic reforms known as Đổi mới (Renovation). Although containing features specific to Việt nam, family life anxieties were strikingly similar to those raised elsewhere, such as American discussions of "family values" or "culture wars." As with uS debates, these concerns were sparked by rapid transformation, but in ways that transposed anxiety about economics or politics into uncertainty about culture and morality. In both places, claims about mothers became central to family values debates, but with a key difference. While Americans have tended to focus on poor, single mothers, criticism in Việt nam coalesced around the female entrepreneur who was said to neglect her family in a relentless pursuit of profit and whose alleged dog-eat-dog competitive sensibilities contaminated family relationships and morality. Precisely because questions of family values and morality can arouse intense passion and seem of pressing personal and social importance, it is difficult to take a step back and consider why these issues have come to the fore at a particular moment in a community's experience. Learning about family values debates in a different cultural and temporal context—in this case, 1990s Việt nam—can provide students and educators with an opportunity to think together about how claims about individual behavior or morals might be connected to broader economic or social processes. A comparative perspective may also prompt students to reexamine their experiences and attitudes toward family and to consider the often significant gaps between emotional rhetoric and complicated familial realities. understanding the family values debate in Việt nam involves considering three issues: (1) Why did the family become a pressing concern to many Vietnamese? (2) Why were female entrepreneurs in particular decried as symbols of moral decay? (3) How did female entrepreneurs respond to these accusations? What were their daily family life experiences? How did they perceive morality and relationship questions? This essay addresses these questions by analyzing assumptions about family morality that underpinned 1990s government policies. I then elaborate on how traditional historical depictions of Vietnamese women in the home and marketplace influenced attendant controversies about their new roles. Finally, I consider the experiences of women entrepreneurs involved in the Hồ Chí Minh City cloth and clothing trade as they tried to balance family and work, while reacting to larger government and societal concern about the morality of their trade-offs. Their daily lives suggest, on the one hand, that attention to family life can be empowering: one cannot do much about the balance of trade, but one can cook a family dinner or supervise a child's homework. on the other hand, the state and other powerful actors are relieved of responsibility for current conditions. Individuals can be scapegoated and their struggles ascribed to their own moral inadequacies.


The aim of this thesis is to develop a framework for the classification of documents, as a basic tool for the records management system of the Valencian Parliament, with a view to facilitate the administrative management, the decision making and the retrieval of information.The methodology employed understands two stages: a review of the history of the Institution, its policies, procedure and function and, secondly, an actualised bibliographical review about the doctrine relative to the parliamentary control of government, and archival theories about document classification.The result is a functional table for document classification which is homogenous for the entire institution and allows adequate control, protection and records management, the standardization and simplification of procedure and the optimal exploitation of information from the Chamber.In conclusion, the system designed has been seen to be valid for the institution, achieving the expected goals in affording access to all users, including managers, politicians and researchers