Precipitation is one of the most important factors affecting the accuracy and uncertainty of hydrological forecasting. Considerable progress has been made in numerical weather prediction after decades of development, but the forecast products still cannot be used directly for hydrological forecasting. This study used ensemble pro-processor (EPP) to post-process the Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS) and Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2) with four designed schemes, and then integrated them to investigate the forecast accuracy in longer time scales based on the best scheme. Many indices such as correlation coefficient, Nash efficiency coefficient, rank histogram, and continuous ranked probability skill score were used to evaluate the results in different aspects. The results show that EPP can improve the accuracy of raw forecast significantly, and the scheme considering cumulative forecast precipitation is better than that only considers single-day forecast. Moreover, the scheme that considers some observed precipitation would help to improve the accuracy and reduce the uncertainty. In terms of medium- and long-term forecasts, the integrated forecast based on GEFS and CFSv2 after post-processed would be better than CFSv2 significantly. The results of this study would be a very important demonstration to remove the deviation of ensemble forecast and improve the accuracy of hydrological forecasting in different time scales.


Objective To explore the clinical value of operative rapid frozen section diagnosis in salivary gland tumors. Methods A retrospective review was made to 194 cases with salivary gland tumors with the histologic types,surgical procedure selection and paraffin sections. Results The frozen section diagnosis showed that 152 cases with benign lesion,42 cases with malignant lesion. The benign-to-malignancy ratio was 3. 6∶ 1. There were 124 cases in Parotid gland,(63. 9%),followed by 27 cases in jaws minor salivary glands(13. 9%),12 cases in submandibular gland(6. 2%),31 cases in sublingual gland and other parts of minor salivary glands(16. 0%). Pathologic data showed that 112 cases with pleomorphic adenoma(57. 7%),followed by Warthin tumor 19 cases(9. 8%),basal cell adenoma 19 cases(9. 8%),adenoid cystic carcinoma 15 cases(7. 7%). Conformed diagnosis rate of frozen section in benign tumors reached 98%,while the rate of delayed diagnosis cases reached 2. 0%,conformed diagnosis rate of frozen section in malignant tumor was 92. 9%,while the rate of delayed diagnosis cases was 7. 1%. Conclusion Frozen section is effective methods in diagnosis of the salivary gland tumors,and is valuable in the choice of operation methed.


This article explores how agricultural societies, which were voluntary associations dedicated to improving agriculture, worked with the state and agriculturalists to foster the growth of a new sugar beet industry during the nineteenth century. Using the Moscow Agricultural Society (est. 1818) as the focal point, it argues that although the Society was successful in changing agricultural practices and spreading the cultivation of sugar beets even before the end of serfdom in 1861, the end result was not what the Society had expected. While they had originally envisioned a European Russia dotted with small producers growing sugar beet processed by larger landowners, what resulted was the rise of massive vertically integrated beet sugar production in central and southern Ukraine, which had more suitable soil and wider use of free labor. It thus shows the power of experts to change the environment and the limits of that power.


1. The paper will try to identify the various concurrent factors which, in the last years, have contributed to the increasing attention paid to the issue of reusable linguistic resources for natural language processing. The role of various major Organisations (EEC, Council of Europe, DARPA, NEH, etc.) will be examined, taking into account the reasons which seem to have stimulated their active participation. The recognition of the need of reusable linguistic resources by various sectors of "automated linguistic data processing" will also be considered as a catalyzer for the recent trend towards the cooperation of various scientific and professional Associations (ACL, ALLC, ACH, etc.).2. Various interpretations of the term "reusability" have been proposed. We shall consider the relationships and differences between:- the feasibility of the utilization of existing repositories of linguistic information, as potential sources for the construction of NLP components;- the feasibility of constructing new large linguistic knowledge bases, explicitly designed for multifunctional uses, in various research frameworks and development activities.In particular, we shall examine the connections between various core aspects of the construction of reusable linguistic resources, and- the general problems of the "evaluation" in the field of natural language processing, both at the general level of shareability of the state-of-the-art knowledge, and at the level of specific NLP systems or linguistic data collection;- the design of "standards" at the level of representation formalisms and of the identification of linguistic units and description categories.3. Examples will be taken by some of the various international projects nowadays underway in the field of lexica (ET7, Acquilex, Multilex, Genelex, The lexical Consortium, etc.), corpora (European Network of Textual Corpora, British National Corpus, Data Collection Initiative, etc.), and standards (Text Encoding Initiative).4. The paper will review and compare some of the results already acquired, and will state some problems, both at the scientific and organizational level which, in the opinion of the author, are still to be solved, and represent major controversial issues. It is expected that the round table, which will be held during the Conference with the participation of the representatives of some of those projects, will discuss these problems and indicate priorities for research, practicable ways towards their solution, and possible convergence of efforts.


Melatonin is a circulating neurohormone mainly released from the pineal gland in a circadian manner regulating many physiological functions, such as glycemia homeostasis. A misregulation of the glycemia could lead to Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). Recently, a genetic variant (rs2119882) found on melatonin type 1 receptor (MT1) promoter has been associated to higher risks to develop T2D.


Practical implications and conclusion The recommendations for fall prevention within the national service framework for older people are broadly similar to a guideline issued in 2001 by a joint panel of the American Geriatrics Society, British Geriatrics Society, and American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Implementation of these recommendations will have considerable resource implications for the NHS in the United Kingdom. It seems appropriate, particularly in areas where effective services for falls do not yet exist, to target scarce resources where benefit is proved. Research data support multifactorial intervention in cognitively normal older people living in the community with risk factors for falls and those who present to the accident and emergency department after a fall. 8 Several studies also support the use of exercise as a single intervention in cognitively normal older people living in the community. 13 Although one randomised controlled trial of multifactorial intervention showed a reduction in recurrent falls in residents of nursing homes, most studies in this setting have been unable to prevent falls. 10 14 Our study suggests that multifactorial intervention after a fall is less effective in patients with cognitive impairment and dementia than in cognitively normal older people. Limited resources may be used more effectively if targeted towards cognitively normal older people who fall. However, as older people with cognitive impairment and dementia are at particularly high risk of falls and their associated morbidity, it is important that prevention of falls remains a research priority in this patient group. Further work is required in patients with cognitive impairment and dementia who fall to determine optimal delivery of interventions and to identify the most important modifiable risk factors. We thank the participants, their families and carers, local family practitioners, staff of the accident and emergency departments, research physiotherapists Ros Krys and Victoria Bowles, research occupational therapist Helen Buri, research nurses Sarah Daniel, Alison Long, Katherine Wilton, and Michelle Widdrington, accident and emergency consultants Bas Sen and Nigel Fox for cooperation with screening, Pauline Potts for coding the diaries, and Pauline Cogan for assistance with data collection and processing.


A healthy lifestyle is the main expression of positive health behavior. Movement is a natural need of every child and is a basic preventive tool for strengthening children's health. Sport is a complex process that improves the qualities of movements, strengthens the muscles of the body and forms physical endurance through its positive influence on all organs and systems. Sports activities have a beneficial effect on the psyche and personality of adolescents and are defined as the main factor for maintaining, preserving and improving health and a healthy lifestyle. In most European countries, the teaching methodology is aimed at finding the meaning and encouraging the desire of each student to engage in regular physical activity.
 The article aims to familiarize the audience with the impact of sports on various organs and systems, with the benefits for the physical and mental health of adolescents from sports activities, as well as to provide information on recommendations for the correct choice of sports depending on the constitution and disposition of adolescents.


The climatically-mediated variables of stream discharge and sediment flux, in conjunction with ultimate base level, control aggradation and degradation rates of fluvial systems and the stratigraphic architecture they produce. Simple forward numerical models were used to predict the effect of climatic cyclicity on fluvial stratigraphic architecture. Discharge and sediment flux values for a suite of similar-sized modern fluvial systems, from a variety of climatic settings, were integrated with projected effects such as sediment storage in mountain belts, and used as inputs to the models. Base level fluctuations were also incorporated, and models were run to simulate 4th-order stratigraphic cyclicity (100Ky cycles) along a profile from the sediment source area to the shelf.


The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Islamic lifestyle and price on purchasing decisions for samyang noodles in S1 Islamic Economics students, State University of Surabaya class 2018 - 2020 and determine the variables that have a dominant influence on the dependent variable. This study uses a causal associative method with a descriptive quantitative approach. The variables used are Islamic lifestyle (X1), price (X2), and purchasing decisions (Y). The population of this study were undergraduate students of Islamic Economics, State University of Surabaya from class 2018 to 2020. The data that the researcher used was primary data by collecting data through online questionnaires via google forms which were then distributed through social media. Respondents' answers were measured using a Likert scale. The results of this study indicate that simultaneously has a positive effect on purchasing decisions. This is evidenced by the value of Fcount > Ftable (98,857 > 3.15), thus indicating the influence of Islamic lifestyle and price simultaneously on purchasing decisions. Meanwhile, it also partially influences purchasing decisions. This is indicated by the Islamic lifestyle variable (X1) which has a regression coefficient of 4.454 > 1.998, and the price variable (X2) which has a regression coefficient of 5.896 > 1.998. So partially, it shows that there is a positive and significant influence of these two variables on purchasing decisions..


Generally, it has been thought that PEG-conjugated nanocarriers are non-immunogenic. However, many reports have revealed that unexpected immune responses occur with such PEG-conjugated nanocarriers. The Most important one is the rapid clearance of PEGylated nanocarriers upon repeated administration which is called accelerated blood clearance phenomenon involving the production of antibodies against nanocarrier components, which reduces the safety and effectiveness of the encapsulated therapeutic agent. Such immunogenicity of PEGylated nanocarriers is a potential concern in the evaluation and clinic use of PEGylated therapeutics. Accordingly, screening of the immunogenicity of nanocarriers-based therapeutics is a prerequisite before their adoption into clinical settings to disclose any possible interactions with immune system. This review gives an overview of PEGylated liposomes, immunogenicity of PEG, explanation of accelerated blood clearance (ABC) phenomenon, its mechanism, various factors affecting it and side effects of PEGylated liposomes.


The article deals with specific issues of access to justice relating to the protection of environmental rights.

The harmonization and approximation of national legislation with international standards is an essential factor in the development of environmental rights. Particular attention is paid to public participation in the consideration of environmental protection by administrative authorities and in judicial proceedings.


This study examined the use of the Internet to access health information online among Canadians and involved the secondary analysis of the Canadian household internet use survey data (n=33,832). The results showed that gender and marital status as well as the Internet use characteristics such as the location, frequency and duration were significantly related to individuals accessing health information online (p = 0.05) and age, education, occupation, income and the type of the Internet connection were not. The findings have implications for health promotion and health care delivery and provide the benchmark necessary for future trend-analyses in health information access.


The hot deformation and densification behaviors of sintered P/F-10C50 steel were investigated by hot compression tests on Gleeble-1500 thermal mechanical simulator at the temperature ranging from 900 °C to 1000 °C and the strain rate ranging from 0.1 s-1 to 10 s-1. The flow and densification characteristics of the tested specimens at different deformation temperatures and strain rates were studied. The flow stress of the sintered steel persistently increases until the end of the test as the result of matrix and geometric work hardening. The higher deformation temperature and strain rate are conductive to the healing of the pores and promote the densification of the sintered steel, while the higher deformation temperature and lower strain rate impede the densification. The constitutive equation of the sintered steel is established by the means of stepwise regression. The flow stresses predicted by the established constitutive equation are in good agreement with the experimental values, and the correlation coefficient (R) and the average absolute relative error (AARE) are 0.9931 and 3.52%, respectively. These results demonstrate the hot deformation behaviors of the sintered P/F-10C50 steel are excellently predicted by the established constitutive equation.


Gutta-percha is the rigid natural latex produced from the plant species Palaquium
 gutta (Hook.) Burck (Sapotaceae). It is a polyterpene, a polymer of


We have carried out a detailed analysis of several long-path-length transmission measurements in the 8 to 12 pm atmospheric window in order to determine the extinction coefficient due to the weter vapor cont.nuum. Our results indicate that three modifications to the current LOWTRAN atmospheric transmission model are required. The first two corrections are an improved fit to the pure water vapor continuum absorption coefficient and the elimination of the atmospheric hroadened continuum term. Finally, and most critically, a strong measured temperature dependence must be included in the water vapor continuum absorption coefficient. For path lengths ranging from 10 to 50 km, failure to incorporate these corrections can lead to errors in the computed transmission ranging from factors of 2 to more than 10,000.


Nicola Sala. The 189 Partimenti of Nicola Sala: Complete Edition with Critical Commentary. Edited by Peter van Tour. Volume 3: Critical Commentary. (Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. Studia Musicologica Upsaliensia, nova series, 27:3.) Uppsala: Uppsala Universitet, 2017. [Legenda, p. 357; preliminary remarks, p. 358; section A, p. 359–96; section B, p. 397–401; section C, p. 402–7; section D, p. 408–44; errata, p. 415. ISBN 978-91-554-9784-2. Available for free download at http://uu .diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A1058071&dswid=4092.]


Realizes the 3D model visualization based on DirectX and OpenGL in the environment of Visual Basic.NET,and evaluates their effect and efficiency by compare with the examples using the different interfaces.Furthermore,provides the theory and the reality basis to apply the 3D model visualization to the CAD system.


A new family of five new lanthanide–organic frameworks incorporating both substituted isonicotinic acid and an oxalate coligand, have been fabricated successfully through a solvo-thermal reaction, namely, {[Ln(μ2-H2minca)](μ2-C2O4)·2H2O]·mH2O}n, (Ln = Sm (1), m = 0; Eu (2), m = 1; Gd (3), m = 1; Tb (4), m = 0; Ho (5), m = 0), (H3minca = 2-(hydroxyl)-6-methyl-isonicotinic acid, H2C2O4 = oxalate acid). Complexes 1–5 are isomorphous and isostructural, and they all exhibit two dimensional (2-D) corrugated networks with 63 topology, in which {LnO8} polyhedra are linked through carboxylate and oxalate groups into a net-like sheet. The luminescence emission spectra of the complexes vary depending on which lanthanide(III) ion is present. The H2minca ligand provides efficient energy transfer for sensitization of the Eu(III) and Tb(III) complexes. Variable temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements show that compound 3 displays weak anti-ferromagnetic interactions. The magnetic behaviors of 1, 2, 4 and 5 are ascribed to the depopulation of the Stark levels and weak antiferromagnetic interactions within the lanthanide(III) complexes.


In the article there Is the critical analyses of chaos Idea's application In the education. Author asserts that, although there are many difficulties in pedagogic and in the pedagogical education it isn't right to hope on the happy chance which can be result chaos inside the educational system through a fluctuation and a bifurcation in the "right" way it is not demonstrated the dynamic of the educational system and nobody knows its attractors, you know.


Inscription of structures by a femtosecond laser beam allows one to produce disordered structures capable of increasing the Rayleigh backscatter intensity in the fibre at relatively low induced losses, which makes them potential candidates for use as reflectors in fibre lasers. Here we report a narrow-band erbium fibre laser with random distributed feedback produced by femtosecond laser writing in half-open cavity and ring cavity configurations. In the half-open cavity configuration, single-frequency lasing is observed at output powers up to 2.8 W, with a linewidth near 10 kHz. In the ring cavity configuration, single-frequency operation is observed over the entire range of output powers studied. At the highest output power, 7 mW, the linewidth does not exceed 0.7 kHz.


In the leather industry, in addition to the extrinsic contamination attributable to chemical products not absorbed by the hides, there is intrinsic contamination produced by the hides themselves. From each 100kg of raw material, 15kg of solubilised protein will end up in wastewater in the early stages of the process of transforming hides into
leather. These proteins contain nearly 18% of nitrogen. In this study it is proposed to recover organic nitrogen from the proteins present in the effluents of the beamhouse operations of hides and the subsequent revalorization of the protein fraction obtained. This work seeks to characterize (the chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, total
soluble nitrogen, particulate nitrogen, organic nitrogen and protein) the wastewaters, individually or in groups, of
the various beamhouse operations (soaking, unhairing-liming, washing, conditioning, deliming, bating, washing and pickling) with hair recovery. The studies are presented of the determination of the pH value (adjusted by means of buffers of acetic acid/sodium acetate) at which the greatest precipitate of the protein fraction is produced. In addition, the following tests were performed to characterize these precipitates: determination of the quantitative composition
of the main components of the protein fraction (humidity, proteins, free amino acids, fats and other matter soluble
in dichloromethane and ash); heavy metals content, calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium and the composition in total amino acids with prior acid hydrolysis of the protein fraction with 6N hydrochloric acid.


The invention relates to a drug for treating infantile viral myocarditis. The drug is prepared from bulk drugs including, by weight, 80 parts of herbs of starry saussurea, 70 parts of common nepenthes, 60 parts of red vinespinach leaves or herbs, 55 parts of peanuts, 65 parts of herbs of beach morning glory, 50 parts of securidaca inapfondiculata hassk, 40 parts of ludwigia octovalvis, 45 parts of pilea peploides, 35 parts of herbs of Jamaica falsevalerian and 30 parts of liquorice. The drug for treating the infantile viral myocarditis is natural in raw material, simple in preparation method and capable of being applied to clinical practice massively.


ABSTRACT This research is aimed to evaluate the influence of intellectual capital to the financial performance which is proxy by earning per share and return on equity in the annual financial performance which has been prepared by the infrastructure, utility, and transportation companies which are listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange. The data collection technique has been done by performing documentation in the form of annual financial statement which has been obtained from the official website of Indonesian Stock Exchange. The population is infrastructure, utility and transportation companies which are listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2012-2015 periods. The sample selection technique has been done by using purposive sampling based on specific criteria so that 14 infrastructure, utilities, and transportation companies have been selected as samples so that 56 observations have been obtained. The analysis method has been carried out by using simple linear regressions with the SPSS application (Statistical Product and Service Solutions). The result of this research shows that intellectual capital gives positive influence to the earning per share and intellectual capital give positive influence to the return on equity. Keywords: Intellectual capital, Financial performance, Earning Per Share, Return On Equity


Background: Mechanism of action of medium chain fatty acid remains unknown. Results: Our results show that decanoic acid (C10) binds and activates PPARγ. Conclusion: Decanoic acid acts as a modulator of PPARγ and reduces blood glucose levels with no weight gain. Significance: This study could lead to design of better type 2 diabetes drugs. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARα, -β/δ, and -γ) are a subfamily of nuclear receptors that plays key roles in glucose and lipid metabolism. PPARγ is the molecular target of the thiazolidinedione class of antidiabetic drugs that has many side effects. PPARγ is also activated by long chain unsaturated or oxidized/nitrated fatty acids, but its relationship with the medium chain fatty acids remains unclear even though the medium chain triglyceride oils have been used to control weight gain and glycemic index. Here, we show that decanoic acid (DA), a 10-carbon fatty acid and a major component of medium chain triglyceride oils, is a direct ligand of PPARγ. DA binds and partially activates PPARγ without leading to adipogenesis. Crystal structure reveals that DA occupies a novel binding site and only partially stabilizes the AF-2 helix. DA also binds weakly to PPARα and PPARβ/δ. Treatments with DA and its triglyceride form improve glucose sensitivity and lipid profiles without weight gain in diabetic mice. Together, these results suggest that DA is a modulating ligand for PPARs, and the structure can aid in designing better and safer PPARγ-based drugs.


Maximum consumption rates were determined for two carabids, Bembidion lampros Herbst. and Pterostichus cupreus L., feeding on the cereal aphid Rhopalosiphum padi L. at different temperatures in the laboratory. Mean daily consumption increased with increasing temperature for both species, B. lampros consuming a maximum of 16 1–3 instar nymphs and 9 apterous adult aphids at 25 °C. P. cupreus was particularly voracious and consumed 125 apterous adult R. padi per day at 20 °C. The behaviour of both species was analysed by video filming starved beetles, maintained at different constant temperatures, in arenas sown with spring barley. The behavioural components (1) still; (2) run/walk; (3) search and (4) confrontation were identified and were common to both species. P. cupreus was more active over the temperature range tested; B. lampros was inactive under 10 °C. The proportion of time spent searching, number of plants searched, and velocity increased with increasing temperature for both species. When observed in similar arenas seeded with R. padi colonies, individuals of P. cupreus significantly increased their time spent searching in arenas with increasing aphid density. Following discovery of an aphid colony, individuals climbed and searched the host plant and its nearest neighbours. Plants in aphid free arenas were rarely climbed. B. lampros was not observed climbing in either aphid free arenas or in arenas with increasing aphid densities, and did not significantly increase its time spent searching in response to increased prey density. The few B. lampros that found aphids caught them walking on the soil surface. The relative efficiences of these two carabids as predators of R. padi are discussed, and the results are compared with similar studies elsewhere with predators of Sitobion avenae on winter wheat.


In this work we present a numerical iterative procedure for the evaluation of the effect of signal absorption in two-color laser-induced incandescence (2C-LII) measurements. The correction process is applied to experimental results, previously published by our group, in an axisymmetric diffusion flame. We have studied the influence of signal trapping on peak soot temperature and on soot volume fraction determination. The influence was found to be minimal for the investigated flame. Some numerical tests were also performed in order to investigate the effects of soot concentration, flame size and soot refractive index on the magnitude of the corrections due to signal absorption.


FOLKLORE survivals in the Old Testament have long been recognized and the existence of mythological elements in the New Testament has been noted in St Paul's references to the principalities, powers, thrones and dominions (Col. i.i6). The purpose of this note is to consider survivals in the Christian epistolary tract known as the Epistle of Barnabas, which is classed with the writings of the Apostolic Fathers of the Church and probably dates from the early part of the reign of Hadrian (A.D. 117-38). The consensus of opinion among scholars is that it was written from Alexandria to a Christian community elsewhere in Egypt which was in danger of reverting to Judaism as the result of the activity of militant Judaizers who had been impressed with Hadrian's promise that the Jerusalem Temple would be re-built (xvi. 4). This activity was the 'final stumbling block' (iv. 3) against which the writer argues so vehemently. The authorship of the Epistle is unknown but in favour of the view that the writer was a converted Jew is the strongly Jewish character of his arguments which are closely parallel to those of the Mishna and Talmud; [we may instance the designation of Satan as 'the Black One' (iv. 9, xx. I), the gematria on the 318 servants of Abraham (ix. 8) and the interpretation of the 6 days of the creation as the 6000 years of the world's history (xv. 4)]. The Rabbinical character of the work is further illustrated by its literary style, frequent use of the rhetorical question as a didactic device and its background in Jewish homiletic exposition and catechesis; thus it appears to reproduce the divisions in the catechetical instruction


Most previous laboratory methods for preparation of soil specimens have been intended for homogeneous clays. Here, preparation of a layered soil with alternate layers of fine sand and kaolin is described; the method used closely simulates field conditions. Procedures for sedimentation of layers and techniques for taking vertical, horizontal, and inclined samples are presented. Test results for different samples were found to be reproducible.


Since the industrial revolution and the appearance of overproduction, degradation of environment has been oversized. Companies and also societies have not care about the negative effects on environment and nature; they have focused only on generating profit and revenue. Nowadays, they have to recognize that the carrying capacity of our Planet is finite, therefore they should not overuse nature. In the last decade, a lot of publications came to light, dealing with the social and environmental responsibility of firms. Contrarily, environmental awareness had developed more slowly in banks and financial institutions than in the manufacturing sector, because these institutions generally consider themselves to be a relative environmentally friendly industry. The goal of this paper is to identify the role of financial institutions in achieving sustainable development. The authors also attempt to show, why and how can this sector become the promoter of sustainability.


With the flourishing technological development of college and the expanding college-run industry,the growing problems of college-run industry limiting the further development have been so noticeable.By analyzing the operation and management of college-run industry,the article tried to explore the origin of the problems and put forward the corresponding solutions.


A feminist who is married has a lot to explain. So, of course, does a feminist who is not married. Because heterosexual marriage involves a sanctioned contract with the state, an intimate relationship with another human being, a cross-gender alliance, and a set of prescriptions about rights and responsibilities, it presents feminists – who routinely query all these aspects of the gender system – with difficult dilemmas of positioning. These dilemmas are perhaps most acute when the audience is other feminists. As I read the accounts of feminists' accommodations (or not) to heterosexual marriage in the 'Marriage of Inconvenience' special feature (Feminism & Psychology 13[4]), I was reminded that all accounts come from particular social locations and encode strategies of accountability management. When a feminist marries, contemplates marriage, or endorses others' marriages, she can be held accountable to other feminists for her potentially unfeminist behavior. Feminist theoretical objections to marriage have been diverse, but two recurring themes are that marriage is a patriarchal institution that fosters gender inequality by placing women in positions of legal, economic and social dependence on men; and that it enforces compulsory heterosexuality, separating women from each other and offering them a false sense of (male-identified) emotional security and intimacy. It is against these discourses that a married feminist must position herself and her partner. What then should a married feminist say to persuade other feminists that she (or he) is not a dupe of the patriarchy, a faux feminist, or dependent on another for identity and self-worth? For starters, one could ridicule the wedding industry and its 'white weddings', or specify that one's own wedding was without frills or ceremony. One could


Authors show a demand of methods of a post-nonclassical science in the analysis of identification space of the North Caucasus in which nonlinear interaction of ethnocultural, regional and national forms of identity is inherent. The model constructed on the basis of a sinergetic-cenologic approach will allow to define ways of not power impact on identification processes in the region with a view of strengthening of the Russian national identity. It is aimed at achievement of its sustainable development.


Introduction: Eczema is the most common childhood disorder, impacting up to 20% of children around the world. The burden of eczema is great for children and their families, impacting child and parent sleep, mood, and quality of life. The purpose of this study was to examine changes in objective and subjective sleep quantity and quality, mood and quality of life in children and their parents after an intensive 2‐week treatment program. Methods: Study participants included 30 children with moderate to severe eczema (57% male, ages 9 months to 15.5 years, mean ± SD = 6.4 ± 3.7), 30 mothers and 23 fathers. Participants wore an actigraph for the one‐week prior to treatment and again one‐month post‐treatment. Questionnaires were completed at admission, discharge, one‐month and three‐months post‐discharge (self‐report for children ≥8 years, parent‐report all children), and included PROMIS measures of sleep, mood, and cognitive impairment, the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire (BISQ) for children ≤4 years, the Children's Dermatology Life Quality Index/Dermatitis Family Impact Questionnaire, and the Atopic Dermatitis Quickscore. Results: One‐month post‐discharge significant improvements in objective sleep were found for children (increased 52 min, 10% sleep efficiency [SE]), mothers (increased 23 min and 3% SE), and fathers (increased 26 min, 3% SE). Significant improvements from admission to discharge were also found across participants for subjective sleep disturbances, sleep related impairment, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and cognitive function (Cohen's d = 0.6–1.3), with improvements maintained for three months across measures. Child and family quality of life also improved post‐treatment (d = 0.5–0.7) with benefits maintained for three months. Notably, parent reported eczema severity significantly improved post‐treatment (d = 0.9), but returned to baseline at three‐months. Discussion: This study demonstrated significant benefits in sleep, mood, and quality of life for children with moderate to severe eczema and their parents following an intensive treatment program. SLEEP & BREATHING CLINICAL


The definitions and descriptions referring to Western autonomy and Chinese self-supporting were cleared up and analyzed.Conception comparison was applied from 8 facets which were I,me,interpersonal relationship,dynamic,depression,behavior,ability,and process.At last,those issues were emphasized:(1)Autonomy and self-supporting are both integrated personality construt which involve many mental factors.They are both personality feature and personality process.There are some clear differences between autonomy and self-supporting in the qualities and contents of those mental factors.(2)The key differences between autonomy and self-supporting was the dialectic feature of self-supporting.


To calibrate an array antenna in a practical system application, we presented the array calibration method by an antenna switching system located near the array. The optimum location of reference antennas for calibration to obtain high calibration accuracy is even degree intervals in /spl plusmn/60/spl deg/ of the front of the array. We also showed that the tilted reference antennas are effective in practical use, which were also verified.


This thesis investigates the effects of owning a mobile phone on the welfare of farm households in Ethiopia. Using data from the Ethiopian Socioeconomic Survey, a panel of 1087 households are studi ...


equal of any hero and who, indeed, in twenty minutes slaughtered twenty men one day on a battlefield. The contribution of the babas to the frontier wars and skirmishes is diagnosed, even if their ability to turn into birds and lions is dismissed. The curbing of frontier beys and the taming of dervishes are set in a logical sequence. The Qandarli dynasty's implacable creation of an imperial secretariat and treasury from the later fourteenth into the fifteenth century is given the overwhelming importance that is its due even if the centralization of power were indeed inevitable. But although inevitable, the bureaucracy was very unpopular. It was made up of graduates of the new medreses who took over the courts and legal system. In the popular view, the hardening fist of government after Murat 1 was exemplified by sultans who no longer walked the streets but who now accumulated wealth and pomp. Nor could the sultan continually journey, like other medieval monarchs, through his domains which were now too extensive. It was the implacable fate of the sultanate that the frontiersmen and dervishes should be controlled. The Ottoman state was sufficiently established by 1400 to withstand the ravages of Timur and a decade of fratricidal strife. The masked jester at any court will not, because he cannot, have


The temperature of γ→αphase transformation has the trend of decreasing while thetemperature of α→γphase transformation has the trend of increasing with the increase of antimonycontent in Fe-C-Si-Mn alloy.Both of the temperature ranges of α→γ and γ→α phasetrasformations become narrow with the increase of antimony content in the alloy.By investigatingthe matrix structures of grey cast irons with different antimony content,we have found that theamount of pearlite and the stability of pearlite of grey cast iron can rise obviously with the increaseof antimony content.The experimental results are analysed and discussed theoretically.


Based on geopolitical and historical consideration, the EU's external relation development presents a hierarchical characteristic. The LA countries have never been the main targets for the EU. However, since 1990s, because of the transition in global, regional and national conditions, EU begins to strengthen the political and economic relationship with LA. Among them, Mexico is the second nation power and is the only one country that has built the connection with the three economic blocs. The main purpose for the EU stepping up the investment and trade with Mexico lies in making itself in the favorable position in the competition with USA. Therefore, European Union begins to negotiate the free trade agreement with Mexico, and signed "EU-Mexico Free Trade Agreement" in 2000. It is the first free trade agreement between EU and the LA countries. It not only opened the important channel for the European products, but also set a precedent for the future development of EU and LA countries. To strengthen the connection and development with Mexico could be one of the EU's new strategies to LA policy and have quite importance. This study uses the method of "Dependency Theory" to inspect the possibly influences and impacts between EU and Mexico, as well as whether bring out the "dependent relationship". And the outcome shows that no matter in politics or in economy, there are positive influences as well as negative effects. This is caused by the structural obstacle and inequality development. And then make Mexico fall into the dependence situation. However, with the development with European Union, it is really helpful for Mexico to balance the over-dependence to USA. Moreover, it doesn't cause the development sluggish and there is possibility to promote the advancement in Mexico. Consequently, it is more inclined to "associated dependent development" as the dependency development theory.


integrated optoelectronic semiconductor device including a separator of polarizations TE / TM, the separator comprising two parallel optical waveguides and single-mode G1 and G2 of which receives at the input a light signal, and including means for separating of this signal in both TE and TM components, one of which is conveyed TE output by one of the guides and the other TM is carried output by the other guide, characterized in that: - the guides are formed of at least one heterostructure S / C1 and two ribbons R erected parallel guide surface, a transverse dimension W and height h separated by an edge distance on board; - and means for separating the TE and TM components consist of a metal layer extending between the guide ribbons R in the structure surface over a length D whose value is linked to the coupling length for the TE component by the relation D = Lc (TE), the parameters of the physical device sizes being selected so that the relationship Lc (TE) = 2 Lc (TM) is satisfied . Application: devices for detecting homodyne or heterodyne.


The Australasian Viral Hepatitis conference is a bi-annual meeting that brings together researchers from a diverse range of fields including clinical medicine, epidemiology, social research and basic virology research. The 6th Viral Hepatitis meeting was held in Brisbane, Australia in October 2008, and had keynote speakers including Brian Edlin from New York, speaking on HCV, Stephen Locarnini from VIDRL in Melbourne on HBV and Ching-Lung Lai from Hong Kong on hepatocellular carcinoma. The virology section included symposia on hepatitis B and model systems, and hepatitis C pathogenesis, treatment and immunity.


Background: Dengue Fever (DF) is a significant health problem in Yemen especially in the coastal areas. On November 6, 2018, Taiz governorates surveillance officer notified the Ministry of Public Health and Population on an increase in the number of suspected DF in Al Qahirah and Al Mudhaffar districts, Taiz governorate. On November 7, 2018, Field Epidemiology Training Program sent a team to perform an investigation. The aims were to confirm and describe the outbreak by person, place and time in Taiz governorate, and identify its risk factors.Methodology: Descriptive and case-control study (1:2 ratio) were conducted. WHO case definition was used to identify cases in Al Qahirah or Al Mudhaffar districts during August-November 2018. Control was selected from the same districts who did not suffer from DF. Predesigned questionnaire was used to collect data related to sociodemographic, behavioral and environmental characteristics. Bivariate and multivariate backward stepwise analyses were used. The adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated. A P value < 0.05 was considered as the cut point for statistically significant. Epi info version 7.2 was used.Results: A total of 50 DF cases were found. Almost 52% were males and 76% were <30 years of age. The overall attack rate was 1/10,000 of the population. Case fatality rate was 4%. In multivariate analysis, not working (aOR = 26.6, 95% CI: 6.8–104.7), not using mosquito repellent (aOR = 13.9, 95% CI:1.4–136.8), wearing short sleeves/pants (aOR = 27.3, 95% CI: 4.8–156.8), poor sanitation (aOR = 5.4, 95% CI: 1.4–20.3), presence of outdoor trees (aOR = 13.2, 95% CI: 2.8–63.0) and houses without window nets (aOR = 15.7, 95% CI: 3.9–63.4) were statistically significant risk factors associated with DF outbreak. Eleven 11 (58%) of blood samples were positive for DF IgM.Conclusions: DF outbreak in Al Qahirah and Al Mudhaffar districts, Taiz governorate was confirmed. This study provides evidence-based information regarding the identified risk factors that contributed to the occurrence of this outbreak. Raising community awareness on the importance of personal protection measures and improving the sanitation services are strongly recommended.


The study sought to investigate whether the social development of the young adults (in the form of resilience) is more closely related to single parents or the upbringing of both parents and how the nonappearance of 1 of the 2 parentages can affect these imperative aspects. Young adults from sole mother or father and intact households, both 320 boys and girls, 160 young adults from broken setups, and 160 young adults from happy families were selected through a convenient sampling technique from different educational institutes. This study adopted the quantitative research design and method of the survey to gather information. The structured Resilience Scale (RS) was used to gather data. A noteworthy variance was seen in young adults 'resilience with single and both parents. There was a significant difference found between age, and resilience and even between education and resilience. There was no important change visible in the order of birth between young adults with both parents, and single parents. The results have a major impact on clinicians and educators working with families who are concerned with nurturing positive, emotionally close-step relationships as well as maintaining sturdy matrimonial ties and beliefs among spouses in marriages.


A major concern prevailing in the present day urban societies, especially Iran's urban societies is the visual pollution resulting from a non compact city form. In this regard we are trying to study and examine the concepts and meanings of wholeness of urban graphics and its merits. we will study the history of wall painting and its varied forms including graffiti, relief and use of scripts in religious places, city squares, governmental buildings, and so on. In the current survey first we introduce the art of urban graphics and then go on to inspect possibilities of expanding the existing space as well as integrating and altering them to more humane places. Respecting to people's inclination to enjoy or dismiss the application of graphics to the city and embracing the themes that people would like to accompany the art are among the main points that are discussed in the present study. key words: Graphic design, City as a whole, Visual Pollution, Tabriz, Vali'asr District


The National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) has developed a wind prediction system for Xcel Energy, the power company with the largest wind capacity in the United States. The wind power forecasting system includes advanced modeling capabilities, data assimilation, nowcasting, and statistical post-processing technologies. The system ingests both external model data and observations. NCAR produces a deterministic mesoscale wind forecast of hub height winds on a very fine resolution grid using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, run using the Real Time Four Dimensional Data Assimilation (RTFDDA) system. In addition, a 30 member ensemble system is run to both improve forecast accuracy and provide an indication of forecast uncertainty. The deterministic and ensemble model output plus data from various global and regional models are ingested by NCAR's Dynamic, Integrated, Forecast System (DICast® ), a statistical learning algorithm. DICast® produces forecasts of wind speed for each wind turbine. These wind forecasts are then fed into a power conversion algorithm that has been empirically derived for each Xcel power connection node. In addition, a ramp forecasting technology fine-tunes the capability to accurately predict the time, magnitude, and duration of a ramping event. This basic system has consistently improved Xcel's ability to optimize the economics of incorporating wind energy into their power system.Copyright © 2011 by ASME


The Input-Output(IO) model is widely and extensively used in real-world applications and employed in a variety of different areas since it was developed by Wassily Leontief(1906-1999) in the early 1930s. Recently, Gim and Kim(2009) built an Output-Output(OO) model based on the concept of output requirements for output, in comparison to the ΙΟ model. The newly proposed OO model can be readily applied, for example, to the impact analysis for output advantageously and effectively without worrying about the consecutive connection and overestimation problems in the ΙΟ model. On the basis of the latest research results, the specific objectives of this paper can be summarized as follows. (1) We analyze the interdependence relationships between final demand ?, total output χ, and final output ο and compare the characteristics and usefulness of the models, such as ΙΟ model, ΟΟ model, and final demand-final output(FF) model, based on a new circulation system of production between variables(?, χ, ο). (2) We derive meaningful and important economic interpretations from the output requirements matrix for final demand of final output(C g , C f ), resulting from the decomposition by factors in the Leontief inverse C f , in the FF model newly developed by the author. (3) We propose the various cause-and-effect equations which can compute the economically induced effects through the relationships between cause and effect variables. By using the matrix C g C f which has the meaning of multi-sector multiplier, we can easily get many different types of the induced effect, which is necessary for solving economic problems and modeling real applications.


In the bachelor thesis is described management of claims in the company FT Trade group, s.r.o. Aim of this thesis is recommendation of possibilities for improvement management of claims in the company. The theoretical part describes especially indicators of financial analysis, which are part in practical part. The practical part relates to the description of company, next focuses on the activity conected with formation claims, their distribution and way of cover. Next is examinated possible enforcement and liquidity of company. Final part evaluates management of claims and subscribers. i proposed the solution for more effective management of claims for future development of the company.


Recently it was proposed, that the hampered formation of external protective chromia scales on FeCr‐alloys in water vapour containing, low‐pO2 gases is correlated with enhanced internal oxidation of chromium. In the present study the internal oxidation kinetics of Fe10Cr (in mass%) during isothermal oxidation in ArH2H2O mixtures at temperatures in the range 800–1050 °C has been investigated. It was found that the tendency for Cr to become internally oxidized decreased with decreasing temperature. At the higher test temperatures the internal oxide precipitates consisted of Fe/Cr‐spinel. With decreasing temperature the precipitates near the oxidation front gradually exhibited increasing amounts of chromia. At 900 °C the oxidation morphology in the ArH2 base gas mixture changed from exclusive internal oxidation of Cr at a water vapour content of 2% towards a combined internal Cr oxidation and external Fe‐oxide formation at higher water vapour partial pressures.


Despite the tremendous renaissance of comparative constitutional law, the comparative aspect of the enterprise, as a method and a project, remains under-theorized and imprecise. In a recent book of mine, Comparative Matters: The Renaissance of Comparative Constitutional Law (Oxford University Press, 2014), I address this gap by charting the intellectual history and analytical underpinnings of comparative constitutional inquiry, probing the various types, aims, and methodologies of engagement with the constitutive laws of others through the ages, and exploring how and why comparative constitutional inquiry has been and ought to be pursued by academics and jurists worldwide. The future of comparative constitutional studies, I contend, lies in relaxing the sharp divide between constitutional law and the social sciences. This essay is part of a Boston Law Review symposium on Comparative Matters. It responds to creative and challenging interventions by Anna di Robilant, Tom Ginsburg, Vicki Jackson and Katharine Young. All four contributors to this symposium see great virtue in one variant or another of my call for a more interdisciplinary scholarship in comparative public law. At the same time, the contributions to this symposium raise several powerful concerns that, at least in my reading, are aimed to complement and problematize, not to dismiss, the arguments I put forth in Comparative Matters. I address each of these challenges in turn. More than a book symposium per se, this multi-participant exchange sparks precisely the kind of conversation I had hoped Comparative Matters would generate. The four responses, as well as the groundswell of reaction elsewhere, affirm the significance of such a discussion. Taken as a whole, this symposium reveals both the tremendous intellectual potential and the challenges present in seeking to turn the promise of interdisciplinary discourse, methodological pluralism, and problem-driven inquiry into a reality for comparative constitutional studies.


The article discusses and analyzes approaches to translating singable texts. It presents a linguistic (prosodic, lexical and structural) analysis of the Slovenian translation of the musical Mamma Mia! The aim of the qualitative and quantitative study is to investigate the translation strategies used to produce a singable target text. The results of the analysis suggest that producing a prosodic match is a basic requirement, whereas the lexical, structural and/or poetic characteristics of the source text are subject to changes. Overall, the findings show that the function and the purpose of the translation play a crucial role in the prioritization of translation strategies.


The article offers information on the legal significance to authorization of a guardian's statutory power to initiate a divorce on behalf of his or her ward. It discusses the circumstances needed for appointing a guardian as well as different kinds of guardianship appointments under the guardianship laws of the U.S. It recommends a statue for protecting the ward from both spousal and guardian abuse. Language: en


The invention relates to an aripiprazole new crystal form and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of drugs. The invention is characterized in that the XRD (X-ray diffraction)-powder diffractogram of the aripiprazole M crystal form is disclosed as Figure 4. The preparation method of the aripiprazole M crystal form comprises the following steps: taking aripiprazole, dissolving the aripiprazole in a solvent A with higher solubility for aripiprazole in a reflux state, adding another solvent B with lower solubility for aripiprazole while stirring, carrying out gradient cooling-holding or slow cooling-holding to precipitate crystals, filtering to collect the precipitated crystals, and drying to remove the solvents, thereby obtaining the aripiprazole M crystal form. The aripiprazole M crystal form prepared by the method has the advantages of high stability and high solubility. The preparation method is simple and convenient, and saves both time and energies.


It is an effective way for industry- university- research collaborative innovation to improve the outputs and transformation of scientific achievements,and it has an important role on the development of technological innovation and economy. The study explores the factors affecting the stability of industry- university- research collaborative innovation,and the overall process of industry- university- research collaborative innovation includes the four stages of project matching,cooperative research,experiments and trial production,and industrialization. On this basis,the study analyses the stability and affecting factors of industry- university- research collaborative innovation during the period 2004 – 2013 through the grounded theory,and the empirical results show that the duration of industry- university- research collaborative innovation of about 50 percent of enterprises is around three years. Under these conditions of the different natures of the enterprises,the different cooperation methods and the different profit distributions ways,it is significant difference for the duration of industry- university- research collaborative innovation. The knowledge resources complementation,reputation,communication and the attitude of cooperation have positive roles on the stability of industry- university- research collaborative innovation,and then research capabilities and geographical distances show less significant effect on the stability of industry- university- research collaborative innovation.


The concept of 'precrastination' as opposed to procrastination has emerged. Precrastination describes scenarios where individuals initiate tasks sooner, even when at a cost or extra effort, to possibly alleviate cognitive load. Recent literature has explored the merits of delaying or promptly addressing aversive tasks. When confronted with aversive tasks, conventional wisdom suggests addressing them immediately. Recent research has underscored the advantages of prompt task completion, even if it incurs additional costs. Nevertheless, the optimal task order remains elusive. Moreover, the influence of situational factors and individual differences on task sequencing is not fully understood. This study specifically examined the interaction between the proximity of deadlines and self-efficacy to clarify their combined effects on task order preferences. Results indicated that individuals with high self-efficacy tend to start with their preferred task when the deadline is distant but conduct aversive tasks first when the deadline is imminent. This paper suggests that people with high self-efficacy strategically sequence tasks, optimizing efficiency based on situational demands.


The reinforcement of management ability of middle and primary school head masters has important significance for prompting specialty growth of headmasters.Factors limiting management ability training of head masters mainly include time guarantee of production-free training,quality requirements of professional training.And the effective strategy path for exploring management ability training middle and training primary school headmasters refers that the ability of headmasters to solve problems is improved through management practice cases,and the use ability of management tools can be improved through mastering methods,and their strategic thinking ability can be improved through training school development plans.The training focusing on management ability will become the basic direction of future training development in the headmaster training.


Multicasting refers to a one-to-many network connection. Many-to-one and many-to-many connections are also categorized as multicasting. In a broadcast-and-select single-hop WDM network the only way to transmit information successfully is to have both source's transmitter and destination's receiver tuned to the same channel. The cost, scalability and efficiency issues of these approaches inspired researchers to study different ways in which the physical medium can be shared efficiently. In this paper, we study multicast traffic in single-hop local WDM optical networks based on a broadcast-and-select system. We use an approximate analytical solution to show the influence of tuning delay on the system performance under different network conditions. We also examine the effect of average packet delay on receiver throughput. Finally, we demonstrate the channel blocking probability versus network offered load characteristics.


When two circuits such as filters or transmission lines are coupled together by means of distributed reactances which can vary sinusoidally in time and space, energy can be converted between waves of different frequencies in a variety of ways. If the waves on the two transmission lines are characterized by frequencies ω1 and ω2 and phase constants β1 and β2, while the coupling reactances vary as ω=ω1−ω2 and β=β1−β2+Δβ, power P1 at ω1 is converted into power P2 at ω2 and vice versa in a manner reminiscent of waves on coupled passive circuits, except that a relationship (P2/ω2)=(P1/ω1) is obeyed. If the group velocities on both transmission lines are in the same direction, the direction of power transfer reverses periodically with distance. If they are not in the same direction, the power transfer increases monotonically with distance for small Δβ but reverses periodically for Δβ larger than a certain limit.When the coupling reactance varies as given by ω=ω1+ω2 and β=β1+β2, parametric amplification is possi...


This paper analyzes the test and diagnosis methods of the pump unit at home and abroad,according to the actual engineering situation of pump stations in our country.Large and medium-sized pump station unit property test and diagnosis system is developed,the system can test pump unit's operating characteristics as pumping head,flowrate,rotate speed,power and so on.The system analyzes,processes the test data and draws related performance curves and have mastered the unit running status.The system can also realize monitors pump unit's vibration,throw,noise and other parameters on-line,according to the monitoring data for the early failure analysis and forecast unit and implement unit prescient maintenance.The system through the engineering example verifies that the effect is good,so the system has certain practical significance.


The unpretentious pamphlet, whose title is given below,' the substance of which first appeared in two articles in Neue Jakrbiicher fur deutsche Theologie confirms the impression produced by the Einleitung that Dr. Kanig has a better claim than any other living theologian to be considered the intellectual and spiritual successor of the late Dr. Franz Delitzsch. Like him, a scholar and a Christian of the first order, he at the same time commands the respect of advanced critics, one of whom has frankly recognized his phenomenal erudition, and appeals strongly to all lovers of the Lord Jesus Christ. The purpose of this "word of peace" is to show that the criticism of the Old Testament, rightly conducted, is not only compatible with Christian faith but is imperatively demanded by it. After a short introduction, Dr. K6nig calls attention in the first place to the absolute necessity for critical operations on the part of the reader of the Old Testament as evidenced by the contents of the book itself. Several pairs of parallel passages representing two or three classes of phenomena are singled out as examples. In Leviticus II : 14 we find in our present text da'a rendered in the English bible ("kite,") but in the corresponding passage in Deuteronomy 14: 13 we have ra'a ("glede "). One of these readings must be wrong, so criticism is inevitable. Again, in 2 Samuel 23: 36, mention is made in a list of David's warriors of " Igal, the son of Nathan," but in I Chronicles 11 : 38 the same person is called " Joel, the brother of Nathan." Here again criticism is obviously necessary. A still greater difficulty is presented by the divergent accounts of Saul's first interview with David in the First Book of Samuel. The


The possibility for multiple parent bodies, instead of a common parent body of Vesta, for eucrites has been suggested based on the variable oxygen isotopic composition observed in some eucrites.. Recently, we added an extra dimension to the discussion based on the (epsilon)54Cr composition of the same eucrites with known (delta)17O to compare with the normal eucrites. The combined (delta)17O and (epsilon)54Cr isotope systematics for Pasamonte, PCA 91007, A-881394, and Ibitira indicate their likely origin from multiple different parent bodies than the normal eucrites. Often the qualifier anomalous is used to identify HEDs with (delta)17O values that deviate significantly (>3(sigma)) from the mean HED (delta)17O. However, variations in eucrites and diogenites also include unique geochemical characteristics such as bulk composition, trace element abundances, or volatile concentrations, in addition to (delta)17O. Here, we investigate three such geochemically anomalous HEDs: Elephant Moraine (EET) 92023, Graves Nunataks (GRA) 98098, and Dhofar 700. In addition, to verify the homogeneity of (epsilon)54Cr observed for normal HEDs thus far, a set of seven eucrites and diogenites considered normal samples were also investigated.


This paper presents an overview of works in which new models of continuum mechanics are intensively developing, generalizing classical theories of elasticity. These models are used to describe composite and statistically heterogeneous media, new structural materials, as well as for complexly constructed massifs in mine and ground conditions, as well as in the study of phenomena occurring in permafrost under the action of thawing processes. A characteristic difference of the theory of media with a hierarchical structure is the presence of explicit or implicit scale parameters, i.e. explicit or implicit nonlocality of the theory. The paper focuses on the study of the effects of nonlocality and internal degrees of freedom reflected in internal stresses that are not described by the classical theory of elasticity and which can be potential harbingers of the development of a catastrophic process in a mountain range.


We created a record of an interference field of reference plane wave and convergent wave in a self-developing photopolymer film using a He-Ne laser and Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Due to Bragg reflections the record acts as holographic lens and transforms the reference plane wave onto a convergent one. To achieve the best performance of the lens the response of the photopolymer film is found and proper conditions for recording are determined. After successful recording the optical parameters of the lens – focal length and diffraction efficiency are measured and compared with values following from the theory. The formed holographic lens has focal length f = 160 mm and reaches diffraction efficiency of 78% at Bragg angle. The used photopolymer meets criteria for the purpose of creating various holographic optical elements.


This article presents a generalized analysis on the significance of Galilean invariance in compressible flow computations with stabilized and variational multi‐scale methods. The understanding of the key issues and the development of general approaches to Galilean‐invariant stabilization are facilitated by the use of a matrix‐operator description of Galilean transformations. The analysis of invariance for discontinuity capturing operators is also included. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Abstract The authenticity of different animal food products has important attention in many countries received in the last few years. The majority of dairy products' authenticity identification methodologies are based on major milk proteins analysis. One of the main problems in cheese making is the adulteration of sheep and goats milk with cow's milk, because cow's milk is cheaper. The aim of this paper is to detect the presence of cow's milk in sheep's and goat's cheeses which are sold in the retail markets of Romania. For this purpose, a total of 73 sheep's and goat's cheese samples were purchased randomly from different markets. An immunochromatographic test kit was used to detect the presence of cow's milk in sheep and goat cheeses. No adulteration was found in 32.6% and 20.3% of sheep and goat cheese samples, respectively, while the presence of cow's milk was detected in 67.3% and 79.7% of samples, respectively. These results were considered to be unacceptable and routine controls on adulterated sheep and goat cheese should be performed in Romania.


The fish Tor tambroides locally known as empurau or kelah, is one of the most valuable and high commercial value fish species in the Cyprinidae (carps) family. The fish can grow up to the size of human in its natural habitats like cool, clean, fast moving waters and availability of riverine fruits from trees growing by the bank of upstream river. In aquaculture ponds where they are bred for the market, the fish have yet to get the right feed and appropriate water environment condition for their optimized growth, resulting in the slow production of the fish. The optimal parameter value related physicochemical and microbiological quality of water is important for the optimal growth of the fish. The Enterobacteriaceae group of bacteria has been commonly used as the main indicator for the microbiological water quality. This study aims to determine the water quality of empurau farm with regards to the physicochemical parameter value and microbiological indicator. The occurrence of Enterobacteriaceae as indicator organism and the physicochemical parameter value of the water used for the empurau farming were determined. Water samples from inlet and outlet were collected from seven empurau ponds at Indigenous Fish Research & Production Centre (IFRPC) in Tarat, Serian, Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. Physicochemical parameters such as temperature, pH, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), dissolved oxygen (DO) and total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) of water samples were determined. As for the microbiological analysis, water samples from the ponds were subjected to standard serial dilution followed by plating the samples on eosin methylene blue agar (EMBA) for isolation of Enterobacteriaceae. Gram staining was then performed on the isolates to determine their Gram's characteristics. Twenty five Gram-negative isolates were further analyzed with (GTG)5-PCR to screen for clonal isolates to be used for the identification by API 20E identification system. Dendrogram constructed from the (GTG)5-PCR analysis revealed that the 25 isolates were genetically diverged resulting in 4 major clusters (G1, G2, G3, G4) and 11 sub-clusters. Based on the dendrogram, 11 representative isolates of the Enterobactericeae were selected from different clusters and these isolates were identification by API 20E kit. The result of the API 20E identification revealed that the 11 presumptive Enterobacteriaceae isolates were belonged to ten different species within nine genera of Enterobacteriaceae. The Enterobacteriaceae species confirmed were Brucella spp., Enterobacter cloacae, Citrobacter braakii, Erwinia spp., Vibrio fluvialis, Serratia odorifera, Citrobacter freundii, Butiaxella agrestis, Proteus vulgaris group and Cedecea davisae. The Enterobactericeae isolated in this study were mostly human pathogens with few fish pathogens, suggesting human activities may be affecting the water quality. Physicochemical parameters may affect the microbial population in ecology, thus indirectly affecting the development of the fish.


Most of the strokes in tuberculous meningitis are usually multiple, bilateral, and located in the basal ganglia, especially the 'tubercular zone', which comprises of the caudate, anterior thalamus, anterior limb and genu of the internal capsule. Mechanism of stroke in tuberculous meningitis is usually attributed to vasculitis. Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is fatal in approximately one-third of patients, and the sequelae of the disease in those who survive is challenging.

Keywords: TBM- Tuberculous meningitis TB-Tuberculosis


The article attempts to determine the characteristics of social movements through their organizational (institutionalized) form – public associations. In the conditions of the emergence of a «new» type of society, the network, it is shown that it is public movements are becoming new institutions of public interest representation through to the crisis of traditional mechanisms of representation of interests. In connection with the complexity of the analysis of social movements, which is associated with the main characteristics of the latter: dynamic nature, absence of a clear organizational structure, the availability of various forms (protests, flashmobs , revolutions, various actions ), diverse scale of manifestation, mostly not a sufficiently long existence – it is proposed to consider the institutionalized form of social movements – public associations (organizations). It was determined the expediency of the specifics of such an approach, which consists primarily in the presence of definite correlations between social movements and public organizations. To achieve the goal of the study, it is first proposed to pay attention to two main characteristics relating to the activities of public organizations - their number and level of citizen involvement. Analysis of the results of sociological research and statistical data showed some discrepancies between official data and personal opinion of citizens regarding their participation in public organizations, which is most likely related to the specifics of the activities of these organizations in Ukrainian society. As a result, we came to the conclusion that today, social movements in Ukrainian society act primarily through a network of public organizations (women's, environmental movement, etc.) Also, social movements appear as a certain form of interaction, which is associated with crisis periods as a whole in society and in its individual spheres. It is noted that the participation of citizens in public associations in Ukraine today remains more formalized.


Background and Objectives: Certain trace elements are now being investigated as possibly having a role in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, the possible association between (boron, cesium, rhenium and rubidium) with atherosclerosis that, trace elements may be directly or indirectly involved in cardiovascular disease processes including atherosclerosis. This study was aimed to measure the serum levels of boron, cesium, rhenium and rubidium in Iraqi patients with atherosclerosis as compared with the control group, in addition to study the role of other confounding factors age, gender and finally estimate the correlation coefficient between the studied parameters. Method: This case control study conducted on 40 patients of both genders 15 men and 25 women with the mean age (52.4 ± 10) years and 40 of apparently healthy adults age and gender matched were also enrolled in this study as a control group for comparing purposes. The patients were free from any diseases except atherosclerosis and this was confirmed by clinical examination and biochemical and hematological tests. Serum levels of parameters were estimated using atomic absorption spectrophotometers. Results: There were a significant reductions in the level of rubidium and boron while, there was a significant elevation in the serum level of rhenium in patients group as compared with the control group, and there was no significant difference between studied group regarding cesium. There was no age and gender effects on the level of focused parameters and there was a significant weak negative correlation between age and Rb (r=-0.38, p=0.016). Conclusion: Boron and rubidium were significantly reduced, so supplementation could be important for therapy and even more necessary for individuals who are at high risk of developing atherosclerosis. While the level of rhenium was significantly elevated in patients and there was no significant variation in level of cesium. These variations could be proved the possible correlation with pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Therefore, the estimation of these elements could be an important complementary diagnostic tool to determine trace elements status for therapy and diagnosis. These alterations are could be due to oxidative stress and inflammation which affect the trace elements homeostasis in patients with atherosclerosis. Boron, cesium, rhenium, rubidium are a natural element and micronutrient in human, they would be meaningful to compare these trace elements in atherosclerotic patients and controls for evaluating these elements as a biomarkers of the risk assessment, early detection, diagnosis, prognosis, and prevention of atherosclerosis.


A completely new thesaurus, reflecting the state of the language in the 1990s The only thesaurus to attach definitions to numbered lists of synonyms Synonyms listed in easy-to-use A-Z format Contains over 300,000 synonyms Dictionary definitions included to pinpoint shades of meaning for each group of synonyms Full coverage of general, colloquial and regional English, including idiomatic expressions Generous labelling shows how to use synonyms correctly Antonyms listed


Over 2007-2009 we have worked with the national curriculum's key competencies to establish their place and purpose in the social sciences learning area. As a result, our initial teacher education (ITE) primary social studies programmes involve pedagogy that conceives key competencies as analogous to social inquiry thinking and skills processes. Our team was keen to research ways ITE students identify and embed key competencies in their social inquiry planning decisions. The research also sought student reflection of how engagement with key competencies might influence their future social studies teaching and learning. The article offers a storying of ways the curriculum element of key competencies has been developed, implemented, researched and reflected upon within ITE primary social studies curriculum.


The keeping of accurate records of meetings is a fundamental requirement for the efficient management of any institution. As has been discussed in Chapter 17, concerning minutes of shareholders' meetings, it is important to note that minutes are not a verbatim transcript of the proceedings of a particular meeting, but an accurate record in summary form of what has been debated and decided. In general, minutes of directors' meetings will record what has been resolved upon, but there may be occasions when the minutes of a board meeting need to record the reasons for a particular decision or the main points arising from a discussion. Where directors of a public listed company have concerns about the way in which that company is being managed or the operation of the board or about a course of action being proposed by the board, the UK Corporate Governance Code requires that directors should ensure that their concerns are recorded in the board minutes if they cannot be resolved. As a matter of practice, directors must appreciate that they may be called to account for their conduct and stewardship of the company's affairs at any stage, and especially if the company becomes insolvent or


The production process of sodium alkyl sufonate is a chloro-sulfonation re- action of chlorine and sulfur dioxide with C_(13-17)paraffin photocatalyzed at 3600 A wavelength.The product is mono-sulfonyl chloride and its by-products are alkyl multisulfonyl chlorides and alkyl chlorides.They are difficult to se- parate,but can be directly saponified to produce detergents.Therefore,the chloro-sulfonation reaction is the main effecting factor of product quality.In order to improve the product quality and to design industrial reactor,engineer- ing analysis of this chloro-sulfonation reaction in a bubble reactor is neces- sary.For this complex heterogeneous photocatalyzed reaction system,the ki- netic equation is difficult to be obtained,because some model parameters change with various physical factors which couldn't be directly detected.Our new approach is to design a series of distinctive experiments.Then by non-linear multiresponse ODE estimation method the adopting parameters were obtained, and the engineering kinetic model of this reaction was established.


This brief report presents the frequency distributions for the most common equivalent linear range geomagnetic activity indices. We believe that these distributions are useful indicators of certain kinds of artificial components in the information content of the indices. The 3-hour aa index is shown to have a particularly strong artificial component, as evidenced by its highly irregular frequency distribution. We point out that additional averaging of the indices, as in the derivation of half-day or entire-day indices, results in a more regular distribution. Thus we argue that the regular character of the distribution of the ap index is probably largely a result of the more extensive averaging used in the derivation of this index and that ap may still contain a substantial, but masked, artificial component. The process by which the equivalent linear range indices are derived from the strongly quantized intermediate K indices is identified as the most prominent source of such artificial contamination, and we suggest that improved indices might be obtained by deriving them directly from the actual geomagnetic component data.


Modelling complex systems in a coherent and rigorous way is a basic goal in system design. In particular, the integration of specifications could be a problematic operation having potentially severe side effects: when components of a system separately developed are combined together, they may intersect and overlap giving rise to inconsistencies and conflicts which have to be resolved in order to obtain a consistent system. Moreover, the substitution of old components with new ones or the introduction of new features in the system may affect the overall system behavior in an unpredictable way. For these reasons, the introduction of composition operations producing consistent systems is required. Along the process of system development, testing is also of extreme importance to produce high-quality products. Testing allows to uncover development and coding errors, to assess system reliability and dependability, and to convince customers that the performance is acceptable. Although, software testing is extremely costly and time-consuming, specification based testing [11] offers an opportunity to significantly reduce the testing costs. In specification based testing, a specification can be used as "test oracle" [14], i.e. as authoritative font of the expected system behavior, and as way to assess correctness of implementations. Moreover, "test adequacy criteria" can be derived from a specification [15]. They determine if a test suite is adequate to test a system, whether enough testing has been performed or further tests are needed. A specification can also provide "selection criteria" of adequate test suites. Normally a selection criterion introduces some algorithms or techniques to actually generate test sequences from formal specifications. We address both problems of components integration and specification-based testing of components using (sequential) Abstract State Machines (ASMs). The choice of this formal method as a platform to construct rigorous integration operations for partial specifications and to define methods for generating test suites from high-level specifications, is intentional and it is due to the fact that, besides having been successfully used in practice for design and analysis of complex hardware/software systems [3], ASMs have evident theoretical foundations, clear and precise semantics [8, 9, 1].


In this paper, we investigate the semi-commutators of Toeplitz operators on the weighted Bergman spaces Ap(?), and characterize the bounded harmonic functions u and v on the unit disk for which the semi-commutator of Toeplitz operators Tu and Tv is 0 or compact operator.


Current feeders system (CFS) is one of the most critical part of a large-scale superconducting (SC) magnets based machines like a tokamak or accelerator. One end of the SC feeder is connected to magnets and another end is connected to the power supply via optimised current leads (CL) for energizing the magnets. So far, low temperature superconductor (LTS) is the popular choice for such applications. For high temperature superconductor (HTS) applications, cuprate oxide based coated conductors or magnesium diboride (MgB2) wires are the options. MgB2 despite of its superconducting transition temperature of 39 K,is now gaining wide attention for SC feeders system due to its lower raw material cost and ease of availability than 2G HTS tapes. To assess its suitability, we report 1-D thermo-hydraulic study of 10 kA rated MgB2 current feeders system cooled with 20 K helium for SST-1 tokamak as a case study. For varying mass flow rate, temperature margin along the feeder are calculated considering helium at 20 K, 4 bar (a) with cooling inlet from magnet side. Such a feeder yields a temperature margin of 6 K–16 K across its entire length depending up on mass flow rate of helium. There is also a possibility of cooling the binary current lead (HTS + MgB2) from cold helium coming out from the feeder. From our study, MgB2 current feeder system provides benefits of higher temperature margin, lower mass flow requirement and cryogenic savings by use of 20 K helium as coolant compared to LTS based feeders. In future, it could provide a safe, reliable and cryogenic operational cost saving solution for SC current feeders for Tokamak applications.


The phase space theory of chemical kinetics is applied to reactions of alkali dimers with halogen atoms. Predicted populations of excited electronic states of the product alkali atoms are in good agreement with the results of recent chemiluminescence experiments. This agreement suggests that for this system, in contrast to most other thermal energy collision processes, there is relatively free transfer of energy between electronic and other internal degrees of freedom during reaction.


Spin orbit torque-driven magnetization switching in perpendicularly magnetized thin film relies on an extra in-plane magnetic field to break the in-plane magnetic symmetry, which is an obstacle for the integration of spin–orbit torque-based spintronic devices. Here, we propose a simple method to realize the field-free spin–orbit torque-driven magnetization switching by exploiting a tilted magnetic anisotropy, which is caused by the direct coupling of two ferromagnetic layers in the Pt/Co/FeNi/Ta structure. When preparing the sample, a 1000 Oe in-plane magnetic field was applied to ensure the magnetic moment deviating a small angle from the out-of-plane direction to this in-plane field direction. We experimentally demonstrate the deterministic field-free magnetization switching in Pt/Co/FeNi/Ta by the field-like spin–orbit torques when the electric current is applied perpendicular to this in-plane field direction. The switching performance is slightly degraded with the critical switching current density and thermal stability factor, respectively, reaching 6.4 × 106 A/cm2 and 25 due to the slightly decreased spin–orbit torque efficiency and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy with introducing the FeNi layers. Our work paves the way for realizing the field-free magnetization switching by spin–orbit torques.


One case of child fever cause by live attenuated Japanese encephalitis vaccine was reported and analyzed in this study.The temperature of the child patient was attempted to 39.3 ℃.After treating with paracetamol and physical cooling,the patient's temperature was fallen to normal.


Color is a basic course in art and design education.With the rapid socio-economic development and the enrichment of our daily life,people have an ever-increasing demand in the aspect of visual,physical,psychological and spiritual needs.In light of this,art and design in the aspect of color education must be adapted to the requirements of the times and be enhanced in the aspect of study and practice.The purpose of this paper is to explore the issue of color design education from the following three aspects,i.e.,the importance,matching principles and teaching practices of color design.


B_3F_4 is a near isogenic lines(NIL) screened from cv.1665 of Oryza officinals ♂×cv.Gui99 of Oryza sativa.In this study,B_3F_4 was used to study the molecular marker of Bph derived from cv.1665,We obstained 2 RAPD markers linked to Bph:BS294 and BS303,and 2 RAPD markers were used to finish analysis of RAPD marker of B_3F_4 plants.With bioinformation soft MAPMAKER/ EXP.Version 3.0,the regional link map among 2 RAPD markers and Bph was construcced,which cover 3.0 cM region.The results was useful for precise localization and cloning of Bph.


In card-based cryptography, a commitment to a Boolean value is usually represented by two face-down cards of different colors or numbers, whose order specifies the one-bit value (namely, 0 or 1). One of the most important primitives in card-based cryptography is a "copy protocol," which is supposed to make two identical copies of a given commitment. In the literature, there are several copy protocols, which can be categorized by kinds of shuffles they use; this paper focuses on those using only the so-called random cut, which is the simplest shuffle, and we propose two copy protocols that are more efficient than the existing ones. Specifically, we first work on a standard deck of cards and design a six-card copy protocol using three random cuts (on average). Since the previous protocol needs 5.5 random cuts, our protocol improves upon it. Next, we shift our attention to the case of a two-colored deck of cards, and construct a six-card copy protocol using three random cuts (on average). Because the previous protocol requires eight cards, our protocol uses two cards fewer than the previous one (although it uses one more shuffle). In addition, going back to the standard-deck setting, we provide a four-card XOR protocol using only one random cut for the first time.


A 3 ns, 130 mW, 32*8 dual port SRAM register array targetted for embedded use as the data frame storage unit of a time division multiplexed switch chip has been successfully fabricated in a GaAs E/D MESFET process. It represents the first known report of a circuit with simultaneous read/write capability in this technology. >


. We consider the inverse problem of recov- ering the shape of an extended source of known homogeneous strength within a conducting medium from one voltage and current measurement on the accessible boundary of the medium and present an iterative solution method via bound- ary integral equations. The main idea of our approach is to equivalently reformulate the inverse source problem as an inverse boundary value problem with a non-local Robin condition on the boundary of the source domain. Following our approach in [12] for an inverse Dirichlet problem, from Green's representation formula we obtain a nonlinear inte- gral equation for the unknown boundary curve which can be solved by regularized Newton iterations. We present the foundations of the inverse algorithm and illustrate its feasibility by some numerical examples.


The principal objective of this article is to open a space for the reflection and discussion on a socially muted theme despite its daily nature: bereavement. Bereavement deals with particularly the sudden loss of a person by a murder or homicide. It presents the results of an interview to a Puerto Rican family of which a member was the victim of a murder. The results of the interview are analyzed with the Kubler-Ross (1969) theory and the Attachment theory (Bowlby, 1969, 1973, 1980). In addition, it analyzes the implications for Social Work and related professions and the need to promote the creation of intervention and specialized techniques to address the issue, as well as providing education on thesubject. As a result of this work, it is expected that additional questions and more research lines will arise on the topic, which is of great impact on public health in Puerto Rico and Latin America, contributing to the Clinical Social Work in the country.


References 1 Imam MH, Shenoy PJ, Flowers CR, Phillips A, Lechowicz MJ. Incidence and survival patterns of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas in the United States. Leuk Lymphoma. 2013;54(4):752–9. https://doi.org/10.3109/10428194.2012. 729831 2 Hinds GA, Heald P. Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma in skin of color. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2009;60(3):359–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.jaad.2008.10.031 3 Ward WH, Goel N, Yu JQ, Farma JM, editors. Table 1, fitzpatrick classification of skin types I through VI. Cutaneous melanoma: etiology and therapy. Singapore: Codon Publications; 2017. 4 Rodney IJ, Kindred C, Angra K, Qutub ON, Villanueva AR, Halder RM. Hypopigmented Mycosis Fungoides: a retrospective clinicohistopathologic study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2017;31(5):808–14. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.13843 5 Harper-Kirskey K. Erythroderma. In: Rose E, editor. LifeThreatening rashes. Cham: Springer; 2018. p. 265–77.


Zoltan, P. Dienes is a famous researcher and practitioner who has tried to teach mathematical structures to children for about 50 years. Even though his ideas of teaching mathematics and materials including MAB have been well known in Korea, they are only a part of his achievement he has developed for his whole life. So this article is designed for taking an overview of his whole life and achievement and getting some implications for today's mathematics education. In this article, his life story could be divided by five periods in terms of a scholastic career and his research achievement could be reorganized with respect to five theses: psychology of learning mathematics, mathematical curriculum, teacher education, games and material for mathematical learning. As a result, it is found that there is a deep connection between his personal life and his scholastic career.


Decomposing the structure of the pretreated biomass system includes a pre-processing apparatus for generating a mass of pressurized material having a predetermined high temperature, and process utilities disposed downstream of the pretreatment device, a pretreatment device and a tangential shear homogenization and flash composite apparatus which is an intermediate to connect the process utilities. Tangential shear homogenization and flash composite device gives the tangential shear biomass pretreated a volume, during which the pressure difference, partial phase separation of the vapor and liquid phases of the homogenized biomass resulting . The gas and liquid phase to send directly to the process utility conduit to provide a continuous fluid communication between the outlet and the process utilities housing.


Recently, Companies need not only the financial capital but also need intellectual capital to reach to their goals. In other side, they must keep up with technological developments and changes to be powerful and to compete in local and international markets. Therefore the concept of intellectual capital becomes vital for those companies. In this study, it is aimed to show the level of the industrial differentiations of the leader manager behavior in term of intellectual capital. In this scope, two different industries were selected as study field. They are tourism and automobile industry. The questionnaires were applied to the managers in the companies in those industries. The gathered data were analyzed by using "t" test. According to the results of analyzing, the leader manager behaviors differentiate between tourism and automobile industries. Also, it was seen that these differentiations result from different competence factors. The five competence factors were found highest in automobile industry manager and other seven competence factors in tourism industry managers. Also not found a differentiation in three competence factors between industries.


In this paper,atmospheric corrosion environment for bridge and influencing factors are analyzed,invalidation mechanism of arc spray Al coating due to corrosion and ability for anti-corrosion are also studied.The result shows it has the best effect to make arc spray Al coating after being obturated with organic compound.In terms of anti-corrosion for CFST arch bridge of Lanzhou Yellow River Yintan Bridge,construction techniques of making automatic arc spray Al coating after being obturated with organic compound are introduced for large area long-term anti-corrosion.


3 ABSTRACT: The production of essential oils from the species of the Brazilian native forests is still low, even thought its high biodiversity. Specifically for the Brazilian Savannah, a few species has been studied so far, then the research effort concerning essential oil should be raised. This paper aimed at evaluating the potential of some species from the Brazilian Savannah to produce essential oil by calculating the yield and determining the preliminary chemical composition. Leaves from Baccharis sp., Blepharocalyx salicifolius, Psidium myrsinites and Protium ovatum were collected at Fazenda Agua Limpa, the ecologic experimental area of the University of Brasilia. The essential oil from the material was extracted by steam distillation for 90 minutes, using laboratory distillatory equipment. The fresh distillate was collected and the essential oil was separated from the hydrosol by using a solvent. The preliminary chemical composition of the essential oils was determined by TLC (thin layer chromatography) and 1 H and 13 C Nuclear Magnetic Ressonance (NMR) and Infrared (IR) analyses. According to the results the essential oil yield of Baccharis sp., Blepharocalyx salicifolius, Psidium myrsinites and Protium ovatum was 0.06%, 0.12%, 0.10% and 0.13%, respectively. The observed yield values can be considered suitable for maintaining the research efforts. Chemical analysis showed that the essential oils obtained are composed by a complex mixture of compounds which should be studied more deeply.