ABSTRACTThis study aims to determine the effect of GI-type cooperative learning models combined with mind mapping on student learning outcomes in class X MIA SMA Panca Budi Medan academic year 2019/2020. This type of research is quasi-experimental with two groups pretest-posttest design. Sampling was done by random sampling consisting of two classes, namely class X MIA 4 as an experimental class which was treated with GI type learning model combined with mind mapping and class X MIA 6 as a control class treated with conventional learning. Each class consists of 30 students. The instrument used to determine student learning outcomes is a essay testlearning outcomes test with a total of 9 questions, an assessment sheet of student learning activities, and mind mapping assessment. The results of testing hypotheses using t test with α = 0.05 obtained that there is a significant difference from the GI type cooperative learning model combined with mind mapping on student learning outcomes in SMA Panca Budi Medan.


Excerpt When the magnitude of the threat to health from smoking became clear a few years ago, efforts at control were conceived mainly in terms of mass approaches, such as educational campaigns and...


..........................................................................................................................xi Chapter 1: Introduction ................................................................................................... 1 Motivation & Significance ............................................................................................ 1 Cellular Migration & Mechanics ................................................................................... 7 Synthetic ECM for Endothelial Cell Culture ................................................................. 9 Objectives & Specific Aims ....................................................................................... 13 Overview of Methods ................................................................................................ 15 References ................................................................................................................ 17 Chapter 2: Development of a biosynthetic material platform for endothelial cell culture ...................................................................................................................................... 29 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 29 Methods .................................................................................................................... 31


This paper deals with an important text written by Al-Tīfashāi (580-651 AH/1184-1253 AD) in his famous book "Aʾzhar al-aʾfkar fī gawaḥīr al-aʾhgar" (=The flowers of thoughts about precious stones). Al-Tīfashāi describes a distinguished method of engraving inscription on coral stone rings by "kḥall Qamr haziq" which means the Glacial acetic acid (CH3COOH). This organic acid is suitable for engraving inscriptions on the surface of coral stone rings. The author interprets Al-Tīfashāi's text following his practical steps, tools, materials used, and the suitable duration for engraving inscription on coral stone rings using this organic acid. From the archaeological point of view, dating the first application of this method on coral button rings "seals" is crucial. The author endeavours to date the coral button rings preserved in the Islamic Art Museum of Cairo, and to prove that this organic acid was the engraving method for the inscriptions. The author proved that engraving inscriptions with organic acid had been applied before using sulphuric acid H2 SO4. Finding out this method of engraving inscriptions by an organic acid. Dating its application during the early Islamic period presents a new scientific contribution to methods of engraving inscriptions (normal or inverted) on archaeological Islamic objects.


An increasing number of social scientists have argued that ideational processes can have major consequences on politics and policy. Focusing on social policy, the present article explains how students of gender have contributed to the contemporary literature on ideational processes. As suggested, all researchers interested in these processes would benefit from engaging with the gender literature because it draws our attention to at least three broad issues neglected by many non-feminist scholars: (i) the intersection between categorical inequalities and policy ideas; (ii) the role of identities and gendered cultural assumptions; and (iii) the relationship between welfare regimes and ideational processes. Overall, the main objective of this article is to favor a more fruitful dialogue between students of gender, on one hand, and other policy scholars who also explore the role of ideational processes, on the other.


We have found a novel group of plants that appear to obligately accumulate salt (sodium chloride) although the level in their environment is low. The group is taxonomically diverse including angiosperms (Gunnera spp.), gymnosperms (Cycas) and a fern (Azolla species) but all of them form a symbiosis with a cyanobacterium (blue-green alga) that carries out nitrogen fixation, a rare occurrence in plants. The functional basis for the high salt contents is not clear and, despite the high internal salt levels, the plants are unable to grow in high salt environments.


ABSTRACT The Building Blocks Program encourages parent-child bonding, attachment, and reflective functioning based on theories of nonverbal communication and mentalization. In the Building Blocks Program, young children who are in foster care or at risk of being in foster care are seen in dyadic sessions with their birth parents in a clinical setting. The parents come in with traumatic histories, including adverse childhood experiences, disrupted connections, mental illness, ongoing exposure to poverty and violence, and have little social support. The children have significant medical, emotional, and/or cognitive challenges. In this article, all aspects of the Building Blocks Program are described, including training for therapists, treatment for parents and children in supervised play/visitation sessions, Reflective Supervision with therapists in group and individual sessions, and the model of Nested Mentalization. Using video and videofeedback as a vehicle for positive change, therapists promote emotional healing and parent-child attachment. In Reflective Supervision, supervisors make every effort to understand the thoughts and feelings of the therapists. A holding environment is provided for the therapists who, in turn, hold the parent, who can then hold the child. Two cases are described that demonstrate the many layers of complexity in the Building Blocks model, and how the multifaceted levels of complicated systems are addressed.


In a world of still competition, the value of the
 information becomes an important component for the executives to
 drive their decisions in time so that they can react to the
 environmental adversities. The use of a system based in the
 information management can make possible for organization conquest
 of advantage in the taking of decisions. Concomitantly the use of
 the Technology of the Information for the companies, has the
 sprouting of diverse styles in that it refers to the management of
 IT. For better agreement of the concept and the styles you manage
 of IT, this paper, makes use of the research method study of only
 case in an operating company in the market of telecommunications.
 One evidenced that the management of IT can evidence how much the
 information can be treated as resource important for the company to
 remain itself competitive in the market.


Cotton gin trash is a byproduct of the cotton industry that consists of any remaining plant material leftover after the ginning process. The objective of this study was to determine intake, animal performance, and safety of using loose or baled gin trash in beef cattle diets. Sixteen crossbred, non-lactating, gestating cows and 8 crossbred, gestating heifers were randomly assigned to one of two groups consisting of 8 cows and 4 heifers per group for a 60-day intake trial utilizing the Calan Gate ® system. After a training period, each group was assigned to receive one of two dietary treatments: 1) ad libitum baled cotton gin trash or 2) ad libitum loose cotton gin trash, each with 2.2 kg of a 50:50 mixture of corn gluten feed and soyhull pellets per day to meet nutritional requirements for their stage of production. Animal body weight (BW) and body condition scores (BCS) were recorded at days 0, 30, and 60. Jugular blood samples were collected weekly to monitor clinical animal immune responses due to feeding cotton gin trash containing cotton defoliant residue (4.84 ppm and 1.98 ppm tribufos for baled and loose, respectively). Intake was greater (P < 0.0001) for cattle consuming loose than baled gin trash. All cattle maintained or gained BW across treatments during the trial. On average throughout the study cattle consuming baled gin trash had greater BCS (P = 0.0173) than cattle fed loose gin trash, although animals maintained a BCS of 6 or greater during the study. Red blood cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and white blood cell count were within normal ranges for beef cattle during the trial. Cotton gin trash in either loose or baled form can be used to maintain non-lactating, bred cows with little additional energy supplementation, providing an outlet for cotton byproduct usage in beef operations in the Southeast United States.


Strongly rising interest in Quality of Experience (QoE) research together with the current economical struggle of Network Service Providers (NSPs) are about to lead towards monetization of QoE overtaking outright quality optimization in importance. While there is still a significant lack of quantitative studies for backing QoE-based charging recommendations, the present work presents results and conclusions from a recent empirical user study explicitly measuring the maximum willingness-to-pay of end users for High Definition (HD) Video on Demand (VoD) services. Beyond the observation of unexpectedly high expenditures by test subjects, we focus on phenomena with respect to market entrance pricing strategies, which may be explained by anchoring effects well-known in psychology. Thus, the present work provides valuable clues on how to approach VoD markets in an optimal and economically efficient way.


Estimates of individual treatment effects from networked observational data are attracting increasing attention these days. One major challenge in network scenarios is the violation of the stable unit treatment value assumption (SUTVA), which assumes that the treatment assignment of a unit does not influence others' outcomes. In network data, due to interference, the outcome of a unit is influenced not only by its treatment (i.e., direct effects) but also by others' treatments (i.e., spillover effects). Furthermore, the influences from other units are always heterogeneous (e.g., friends with similar interests affect a person differently than friends with different inter-ests). In this paper, we focus on the problem of estimating individual treatment effects (both direct and spillover effects) under heterogeneous interference. To address this issue, we propose a novel Dual Weighting Regression (DWR) algorithm by simultaneously learning attention weights that capture the heterogeneous interference and sample weights to eliminate the complex confounding bias in networks. We formulate the entire learning process as a bi-level optimization problem. In theory, we present generalization error bounds for individual treatment effect estimation. Extensive experiments on four benchmark datasets demonstrate that the proposed DWR algorithm outperforms state-of-the-art methods for estimating individual treatment effects under heterogeneous interference.


&NA; This study was conducted to evaluate the tolerance and potential effectiveness of inhaled kanamycin in multidrug‐resistant tuberculosis. Inhaled kanamycin, in addition to conventional antituberculous drug therapy, was used to treat five patients who had multidrug‐resistant tuberculosis and were admitted to the Tuberculosis Treatment Unit at Lemuel Shattuck Hospital (Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts) between 1993 and 1995. Inhaled kanamycin is currently approved for aerosol therapy but seldom used. Antituberculous therapy was individualized according to susceptibility data using a minimum of four drugs to which the organism was susceptible, not including the inhaled agent. Sputum smears, cultures, and x‐rays were monitored at regular intervals. In this small cohort of patients, inhaled kanamycin was well tolerated, and sputum conversions occurred in all five patients in 60 days or less. The addition of inhaled kanamycin to conventional antituberculous drug therapy may be useful in the treatment of multidrug‐resistant tuberculosis. This study demonstrates the need for randomized, controlled clinical trials to evaluate the role of inhaled kanamycin in the treatment of multidrug‐resistant tuberculosis.


Silver Creek nest landslide is located in the first community of Foshan village,Qingchuan County in Sichuan Province.Qingchuan is characterized as the old landslide of slip-bending failure formation.Recently,the landslide shows some signs of deformation.The sign is surface slumping.Because of 5·12 Wenchuan earthquake,the landslide showed the further intense deformation,forming a certain scale of inheritance circle arc-shaped crack in the middle of the landslide,which caused the landslide stability became worse,posing a serious threat to the life and property of the residents on the slope.According to the structure and deformation fracture characteristics of landslide,combined with geological environment,the resurrection mechanism of landslide was studied.The results show that landslide is less stable in adverse working conditions.Based on the above results,it is suggested to use the landslide treatment measures of 'ntercepting water on the trailing edge+filling cracks+anti-slide pile in the front' to control landslide.


We propose an implantable autonomous stimulation unit for Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) of motor nerves, for spinal cord injured patients. Thus, we mainly focus on the prototype of such implanted device interfaced with neural structures by means of multipolar electrodes.


This paper describes MFT(Mean Field Theory) neural network with continuous with continuous variables is applied to quantification analysis problem. A quantification analysis problem, one of the important problems in statistics, is NP complete and arises in the optimal location of objects in the design space according to the given similarities only. This paper presents a MFT neural network with continuous variables for the quantification problem. Starting with reformulation of the quantification problem to the penalty problem, this paper propose a "one-variable stochastic simulated annealing(one-variable SSA)" based on the mean field approximation. This makes it possible to evaluate of the spin average faster than real value calculating in the MFT neural network with continuous variables. Consequently, some experimental results show the feasibility of this approach to overcome the difficulties to evaluate the spin average value expressed by the integral in such models.ch models.


The formulation below is used to identify inputs for which a given output or activation pattern can be achieved. The decision variables include (i) the vector x associated with the input of the neural network; (ii) the vector y associated with the preactivation output of each hidden layer of the neural network; (iii) the vector x associated with the output of each hidden layer of the neural network; (iv) the vector χ associated with the complementary output of each hidden layer of the neural network; and (v) the binary vector z defining which neurons are active or not in each hidden layer of the neural network. The vector of weights w i and the bias b l i associated with each neuron as well as the constants M l i and μ l i are coefficients of the formulation. The constraints are as follows: w i · xl−1 + bi = y i (13)


Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) associated with retinal pigment epithelial detachment (PED) in AMD is a subtype of AMD with a bad prognosis and a high risk of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) tear. The efficacy of current treatment options is limited, and the anatomical and functional results are not favourable after both laser photocoagulation and photodynamic therapy (PDT). We will discuss the effect and outcome of anti‐VEGF intravitreal injection in treating CNV associated with PED in AMD.


The present invention relates to a voltage driving a pixel circuit, a display panel and a driving method. The voltage of the pixel driving circuit comprises: two power supply lines and any load connected to each power supply line, wherein between the two power supply line includes any one or more of the AND circuit. Means of a voltage driving a pixel circuit according to the present invention, a mesh structure so that the power supply line formed in a light emitting stage, rows of pixels to avoid the power supply voltage Vdd line voltage variations in the emission phase, thereby improving the lateral resistance of the variable voltage drop of the power line voltage Vdd and crosstalk.


Abstract Based on continuum theory, general expressions are derived which indicate how the electric field induced stripe instability threshold of twisted nematic layers is influenced by the liquid crystal material parameters. Results are applied to supertwist displays


Catalogue made to accompany an exhibition of regular 8mm films from the 1960s-90s. Includes: brief history of small-format film in Toronto; statements by filmmakers; text on technical aspects of 8mm film; 46 notes. Biographical notes. 7 bibl. ref.


The RFID tag manufacturing method is disclosed for manufacturing a RFID tag inlay embedded. The method, by plating a metal master surface the resin region and the non-resin region forms a pattern filled with a resin is formed, comprising: forming a plurality of pattern circuit on a non-resin sphere core to the upper master a plurality of pattern circuit is formed the step of bonding the film layer, a plurality of the core film layer on the step and the insulating portion to form the insulation on at least a part of the area between the stage, the plurality of pattern circuit portion for transferring toward the plurality of patterns circuit core film layer while separated from the metal master and forming a jump connection lines connecting the circuit pattern electrically. This makes it possible to easily manufacture the RFID tag inlay embedded. RFID tags, the master, the plating, the core film layer, the transfer, the inlay (Inlay)


The article describes the development and study of new algorithms that automate decision making in queuing systems based on cluster analysis methods with cluster refinement using deep Gaussian model. The article proves the algorithms which are developing traditional classifiers based on mixtures of Gaussian models. The proposed solution is compared with other wellknown classification methods on the example of the problem of automating the choice of a solution when accepting an order in a taxi service. At the same time, within the framework of the study, the most significant parameters were identified that were selected for the analysis of taxi service orders. The solution to the problem of forecasting effective orders by the estimated parameters is obtained. The unsupervised learning approach proposed in the article using doubly stochastic autoregression provided an increase in the accuracy of classification problem compared to traditional learning methods. The approach can be successfully used in queuing systems.


The present application provides a system, method and computer program product for performing the notification acquired from the query business objects for downloading a cursor in order to determine the subscription update, thereby providing updates to the client device in the input message. Provide additional systems, methods and computer program product for ensuring that the message transmitted at least once.


As in Real world The Recommender system plays a measure role by which we can recommend the perfect item from a huge set of products. As day to day numbers of users and items of a recommended system is growing rapidly, so as a result Single node machine will take very large time for implementing this recommendation system. Generally collaborative filtering algorithm is widely used in recommended system. To improve the performance and accuracy we have used distributed collaborative filtering recommender algorithm with combining parallel K-Mean clustering algorithm and slope one on Hadoop framework. Apache Hadoop is an open source technology where we can process huge numbers of dataset with commodity hardware. In this paper we have used MapReduce framework and comparing the differences time consumption of common seral hybrid recommendation algorithm with parallel hybrid recommendation algorithm by using different clusters. Here we have applied the experiments by using Each Movie data sets to exploit the advantages of parallel algorithm. Also from the experiments we can get how our improved parallel K-Mean algorithm by using two methods such as distance measure method and initial centroids method which are based on MapReduce can achieve higher accuracy as compare to tradition K-Mean algorithm and also our performance can improve.


Cavitation effect is the most common phenomenon in the process of jet. In this work, the method of CFD numerical simulation is used to study the cavitation behaviour in the process of single hole jet. In order to obtain the mixing situation and change process of gaseous water and liquid water produced in the nozzle, the Euler multiphase flow model and the realizable k-epsilon model in the turbulence model are used. The simulation results show that the degree and frequency of liquid column breakage of cavitation water jet are far higher than those of ordinary water jet. And the structure of the nozzle also has the most ideal situation. When the nozzle inlet size is 20 mm, the nozzle diameter is 1 mm, and the nozzle length is 5 mm, which is most conducive to the growth and diffusion of cavitation bubbles. The cavitation effect increases with the increase of the inlet jet velocity, but the promotion effect does not increase significantly when the inlet velocity is greater than 2.5 m/s. From the perspective of energy consumption, the optimum velocity at this time is 2.5 m/s. And the pressure environment at the nozzle outlet also affects the cavitation phenomenon, mainly as follows: positive pressure can inhibit the cavitation effect, negative pressure can promote the cavitation effect, but the negative pressure has a limited effect on the degree of cavitation.


Anytime two surfaces are in normal contact, accompanied by tangential motion, there is potential for deterioration of one or both surfaces. Gradual wear, or the removal of surface material, is typically an undesirable event. Therefore, the need for lubrication arises to minimize the amount of shear stress that develops between opposing surfaces. This reduction in shear stress is characterized by the coefficient of friction (COF). Friction is one of the primary subjects of interest in tribology, the science of the friction and wear of articulating surfaces. A number of fascinating tribological systems can be found in nature. One example which has drawn a considerable interest is articular cartilage. This smooth white tissue lines the articulating surfaces of our joints and sustains a tremendous amount of stress while maintaining smooth joint motion and low COF. The low COF exhibited by articular cartilage is unmatched by any man-made material. The phenomenal tribological properties of this biphasic material are attributed to a combination of a unique boundary lubrication mechanism and its ability to support interstitial fluid pressurization This dissertation details the synthesis and characterization of novel tribologically enhanced polymeric materials which show great potential for several biomedical applications. Design of these material relied on the use of biomimetic tribological mechanisms. The overarching characterization described in this investigation provides valuable insight into the physical and mechanical characteristics of these unique materials. DESIGN OF TRIBOLOGICALLY ENHANCED POLYMERIC MATERIALS FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS


Free oscillation analysis of shells consisted of multi-scale hybrid nanocomposites is carried out with regard to the destroying effect of the nanofillers' agglomeration on the system's dynamics. The equivalent material properties of the hybrid nanocomposite are obtained in the framework of a bi-level micromechanical procedure. The influence of existence of agglomerated carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the stiffness of the nanocomposite is included with the aid of the Eshelby-Mori-Tanaka method. Thereafter, the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) of the shells will be combined with the dynamic form of the principle of virtual work to reach the Euler-Lagrange equations of the problem. Next, the governing equations will be extracted from the Euler-Lagrange ones by using the constitutive equations of the nanocomposite. To obtain the natural frequencies of the system for shells with clamped and simply supported ends, the Galerkin's method is hired. The validity check reveals that the utilized methodology is powerful enough to predict the frequency behaviors of nanocomposite shells. According to the results, it can be inferred that the hybrid nanocomposite shells may be involved in resonance phenomenon in low-range frequencies if the impact of the CNTs' aggregation is neglected. Obviously, the volume fraction of the CNTs inside the inclusions plays a magnificent role in the determination of the system's dynamic behavior.


In order to determine (and shape) the long-term impact of MOOCs, we must consider not only cognitive and technological factors but also cultural ones, such as the goals of education and the cultural processes that mediate the diffusion of a new teaching modality. This paper examines the implicit cultural assumptions in the "MOOCs and Technology to Advance Learning and Learning Research Symposium" and proposes an alternative theory of diffusion to Clayton Christensen's disruptive innovation model as an illustration of the complexity that these assumptions hide.


Theoretical and experimental resonance strengths for $KLL$ dielectronic recombination (DR) into He-, Li-, Be-, and B-like mercury ions are presented, based on state-resolved DR x-ray spectra recorded at the Heidelberg electron-beam ion trap. The DR resonance strengths are experimentally extracted by normalizing them to simultaneously recorded radiative recombination signals. The results are compared to state-of-the-art atomic calculations that include relativistic electron correlation and configuration mixing effects. Combining the present data with other existing ones, we derive an improved semiempirical $Z$-scaling law for DR resonance strengths as a function of the atomic number, taking into account higher-order relativistic corrections, which are especially relevant for heavy highly charged ions.


Germination of sporangia of Peronospora hyoscyami de Bary (tobacco blue mould) was affected by the germination substrate. Washed sporangia germinated freely in water on glass slides, but failed to germinate on agarose. Germination was reduced on detached tobacco leaves, being lower on cv. Hicks Q46 than on cv. ZZ100. Inhibition of germination by agarose was reversed by the addition to the inoculum of an extract obtained by centrifuging a suspension of non-living, powdered torula yeast Candida utilis (Hennenberg) Lodder & van Rij. Yeast extract also improved germination in vivo. The siderophore rhodotorulic acid, the chelating agents ferric and sodium citrate, and riboflavin combined with calcium and magnesium salts, also stimulated germination of sporangia on agarose. The chelating agent ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) inhibited germination on glass slides. Inhibition by EDTA was partially reversed by the addition of ferric salts. The inhibition of germination by agarose and stimulation by additives may have been due to effects on the availability of cations to sporangia ofP. hyoscyami. The reduction in germination on tobacco leaves may have involved a similar mechanism.


Abstract : Colonel G. Michael Mullen focuses in this essay on the availability of a single high technology weapon system-the UH-60 utility helicopter. In an opening scenario depicting a war in Europe in the 1990s, he shows how shortages of this helicopter might conceivably occur-and severe consequences such shortages might mean for the overall warfighting effort. Colonel Mullen argues that current production figures for this helicopter are too low, and that US industrial capability to produce additional aircraft will be insufficient to meet wartime demands. The repair and maintenance needs of these sophisticated machines will be aggravated by combat attrition. The helicopter shortage will be especially damaging because three Services have adopted the highly versatile UH- 60 to perform various critical missions. The largest user, the army, has integrated helicopter support into virtually all its tactical planning: the Navy use it to protect the fleet against enemy submarines: and the Air Force uses the UH-60 for search and rescue. The author argues further that additional wartime demand will come from our Allies, who will want their own UH-60s or will request US helicopter support missions-a demand for which the United States has not adequately planned. To meet such demands, the author proposes ways to increase inventories, readiness, and industrial production capability. The answer requires careful planning because increased industrial surge depends on adequate tooling, and skilled manpower-none of which can be created overnight.


........................................................................................................................... V CHAPTER ONE: ORGANIZATIONAL PROFILE ................................................................................ 1 CURRENT STATUS ...................................................................................................................................................... 1 HISTORY ................................................................................................................................................................... 3 CAC TIMELINE ......................................................................................................................................................... 5 LEADERSHIP AND STAFF STRUCTURE (SEE APPENDIX A) ................................................................................................. 6 FACILITY (SEE APPENDIX B) ........................................................................................................................................ 7 PROGRAMMING (SEE APPENDIX C) .............................................................................................................................. 8 1)  Visual Arts (VA) ............................................................................................................................ 9 2)  Performing Arts (PA) ................................................................................................................. 12 3)  Arts Education (AE) ................................................................................................................... 14 COMMUNICATIONS ................................................................................................................................................... 16 FUNDING AND DEVELOPMENT ................................................................................................................................... 17 REVENUE BUDGET BREAKDOWN ................................................................................................................................ 19 CHAPTER TWO: INTERNSHIP DESCRIPTION .............................................................................. 20 VISUAL ARTS DUTIES (SEE APPENDIX D) .................................................................................................................... 20 PEER INSTITUTION PRECEDENT STUDY (PIPS) (SEE APPENDIX E) .................................................................................. 21 ARTSHOPS (SEE APPENDIX F) ................................................................................................................................... 23 CHAPTER THREE: S.W.O.T. ANALYSIS ................................................................................... 26 STRENGTHS ............................................................................................................................................................ 27 WEAKNESSES ......................................................................................................................................................... 29 OPPORTUNITIES ....................................................................................................................................................... 32 THREATS ................................................................................................................................................................ 33 CHAPTER FOUR: BEST PRACTICES ......................................................................................... 35 A.   STATEMENTS OF BEST PRACTICES ........................................................................................................................ 38 B. OTHER LOCAL ARTS ORGANIZATIONS ..................................................................................................................... 43 CHAPTER FIVE: RECOMMENDATIONS ..................................................................................... 45 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR HUMAN RESOURCES (HR) .................................................................................................... 45 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR AUDIENCE ENGAGEMENT ...................................................................................................... 45 CONCLUSION ..................................................................................................................... 48 WORKS CITED ................................................................................................................... 50 VITA ................................................................................................................................. 52 TABLE OF APPENDICES ........................................................................................................ 53 A)  CAC FULL-TIME EMPLOYEE CHART (2012) B)  900 CAMP STREET CAC BUILDING FLOOR PLAN (2012) – (B1 THROUGH B4)


The invention relates to a Hartmann wavefront sensor based on diffraction grating arrays. The sensor comprises an optical matching system, a first Fourier lens, a second Fourier lens, a charge coupled device (CCD) 1 detector, a CCD 2 detector, a spectroscope, a first diffraction grating array and a second diffraction grating array, wherein both the first diffraction grating array and the second diffraction grating array are formed by tightly arranging sub gratings with variable spatial frequency; the first diffraction grating array and the second diffraction grating array are respectively coupled with the first Fourier lens and the second Fourier lens which are attached to the front face or the back face to realize wavefront aperture cutting. The am of adjusting the measurement dynamic range of the Hartmann wavefront sensor under a high precision condition is fulfilled by selecting the diffraction series of a sub grating to control the dynamic range of each sub wavefront aperture focusing facula in the CCD detectors. The problem of irreconcilable conflict between measurement precision and dynamic range of the traditional Hartmann is solved through the Hartmann wavefront sensor; and the Hartmann wavefront sensor is simple in structure, stable in performance and high in adaptability, and is applied to fields, such as optical processing detection, detection on wavefront phase and beam quality of various high-power lasers, and the like.


Eastern Gansu in the loess plateau is a representative traditional agricultural region which has potential superiority in land,climate and biological resources.Generally speaking,due to the restriction of water resources,economic resources and technical conditions,the level of agricultural development is low and the ability of sustainable development is weak.Under such condition,speeding up the adjustment of agricultural structure,and transforming the resource consuming agricultural economy to value increasing and science innovation one is the inevitable.In order to realize the strategic task of sustainable development,grass and animal husbandry development should be reinforced by ecological engineering construction of forest,shrub and grass.Three leading industry of grass-livestock,fruit and vegetable should be increased.The industry base need to be strengthened and standardization production need to be implemented.


The Nova and Novette lasers' focusing lenses, with added cylinder elements, produce line foci for irradiating x-ray laser targets. Design, implementation, and results are discussed. An analysis of the focusing properties of a symmetric lens and cylinder lens combination is presented. It is shown that spherical aberration affects the line width and the intensity distribution in the line focus. In addition, expressions are derived which show that the line foci lie on curved surfaces.


Objective: Infections of throat have a tremendous impact on public health. This present study aims to find out the bacterial load in throat infections as well as their susceptibility pattern in patients attending Central Referral Hospital, Tadong, Sikkim. Method : A total of 55 symptomatic patients having throat infections attended Central Referral Hospital Sikkim, among which 28 were males and 27 were females. A total of 55 throat swabs were collected from the patients with symptoms of pharyngitis. Results : Out of 55 samples, culture was positive in 37 samples. Twenty one strains of Staphylococcus aureus , 13 strains of Streptococcus pyogenes, 1 strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 2 strains of Proteus spp . were isolated. The isolation rate of Staph.aureus was found to be statistically significant when compared between the isolation rate of Ps.aeruginosa , Stp. pyogenes and Proteus spp . 3 isolates of Staph. aureus were sensitive to penicillin, 1 isolate was moderately sensitive and 17 isolates were resistant. 12 strains of Staph.aureus were sensitive to methicillin. Methicillin resistant was seen in 9 strains of Staph. aureus . The strains of Stp. pyogenes isolated were either moderately sensitive or resistant to the used antibiotics, it was not sensitive to any of the used antibiotics. It was moderately sensitive to amoxiclave, clarithromycin, erythromycin and resistant to clindamycin and cefuroxime. 100% strains of Ps. aeruginosa were resistant to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, piperacillin, ticarcillin, tobramycin and the strains were sensitive only to imipenem (100%). Further 100% strains of Proteus spp .were sensitive to cefuroxime, azithromycin, amoxicillin and cephalexin. Conclusion: Our study showed a high rate of monomicrobial infection. The control of throat infections demands the availability of primary care and appropriate treatment.


Bone marrow cells obtained from both femora of 30-day-old NC-mice were cultured stationarily for varying days in vitro to study the pattern of growth and differentiation of the hemopoietic cells. Within 10 days of culture, erythroid cells, myeloid cells and lymphocyte-like cells disappeared from the culture, while the number of large mononuclear cells increased gradually with cultivation time and constituted about 98% of total cell population at 10 days of culture. On the other hand, these cultured bone marrow cells showed neither protective ability to lethally irradiated mice nor colony forming ability in the spleen of recipient mice, when injected into 700 R-irradiated NC-mice.


Description This design describes high-side primary current sensing for DC/DC and onboard charger (OBC) applications. Although an isolated shunt approach has advantages such as high accuracy, linearity, and robustness, the shunt still experiences higher power dissipations because of the larger input range of isolated amplifiers. This reference design helps solve the problem with a lower input range isolated amplifier, resulting in lower power dissipations. All advantages of the shunt at the cost of lower power dissipation can be achieved.


The objective of the work package Policy of the LLP SALEIE project is to bring together policy administrators from institutions across Europe in order to review current practices and to identify examples of best practice. This would help build a common understanding of governance and policy implications on the strategic changes associated with the project, and create a centre for excellence in the policy area. Amongst the tools proposed to be used in the frame of SALEIE project, surveys play a major role. This paper deals with the problem of best practice examples identification based on the analysis of the data collected using the questionnaire of the survey.


slips in a Petri dish moist Petri dish incubator clots were removed slips forceps. Erythrocytes were wa.shed away with warm Ringer's solution, and cover slips were inverted over well-slides containing dilutions of pyocyanin in a special salt solution consisting of urea 0 3 g., glucose g., NaHCO3 1V61 g., NaH2PO4H2O g., NaCl 95 g., KCI 0625 g., MgCl2 0-24 g., CaCl2 0-31 g., distilled with cent fresh serum at


The article represents another attempt to search the «Ugrian trace» in archaeological cultures of Priuralye. Using instruments of mathematical statistics (hierarchial cluster analysis), the author undertook verification of a hypothesis on the availability of Sargatka and Trans-Urals cultural influence in materials of mound burials of Kharinsky type in the Upper Prikamye and North Priuralye. According to results of statistic checking, the hypothesis did not get its confirmation. The sites of Kharinsky type demonstrated stable proximity to late Sarmatian necropolises from South Bashkiria.


A Scottish seafood processor commissioned this study because the high prevalence of parasitic nematodes in their cod fillets meant they were unable to meet the standards demanded by their retailer. The aims were to determine which species of nematode were present, and whether the detection or mortality rates could be improved during processing with a view to eliminating 'live worm' complaints by consumers.

Anisakis simplex, Pseudoterranova decipiens and Hysterothylacium aduncum (Anisakidae) were identified from a total of 4920 specimens. All species were more abundant within the viscera, but H. aduncum was absent from the musculature. In the flesh, significantly more A. simplex were recovered from the abdominal flaps than the fillets; there was no difference for P. decipiens. Type of capture vessel, sea area, somatic condition and season had no effect on the abundance of nematodes.

Of the experimental treatments trialled, light, desiccation, temperature, electrocution and modified atmosphere packing had no significant effect on either the behaviour or mortality of the nematodes. Only high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) affected the mortality of the Anisakis simplex and Pseudoterranova decipiens. A pressure of 400MPa for 90 seconds caused 100% mortality of A. simplex. Lower pressures are likely to be as effective but will require further investigation. 240MPa for three minutes was the minimum treatment required to kill 100% of P. decipiens after 72 hours.

Using published literature, it may be possible to reduce initial numbers of nematodes by only fishing areas that are known to have a low prevalence of parasites during a given season. Avoiding regions where the final hosts (cetaceans and pinnipeds) are known to congregate would also be beneficial.

Candling remains the only commercially viable method for detecting nematodes in fish flesh, but other techniques are in development. Of these, the most promising appear to involve electromagnetic detection and imaging spectroscopy although they are not yet ready for industrialisation.


The present invention provides a high strength hot rolled steel plate having excellent weldability and bake hardening ability and a method for manufacturing the same. The weldability of the plate is excellent in comparison to a conventional hot rolled steel plate, and processing is facilitated due to low yield strength when a component is molded. The weight of the component can be lightened by increasing the yield strength in heat treatment after the component is molded. [Reference numerals] (AA) Equation 1; (BB) Comparative example; (CC) Invention example


AbstractThe reflection and attenuated total reflection spectra of aluminum and gallium nitride films doped with silicon on sapphire substrates with a buffer layer of aluminum nitride have been measured. In the spectra of attenuated total reflection, surface phonon and plasmon–phonon polaritons were observed. A high concentration of charge carriers in the gallium nitride film and their practical absence in the aluminum nitride film were experimentally observed.


Property of root distribution and its relation to spatial and temporal patterns of root water uptake were the basis to establish efficient water management strategies for fast-growing and high-yield triploid Populus tomentosa pulp plantation,which should be fully understood.In this study,the spatial distribution pattern of roots of poplar trees growing under the wide-and-narrow row spacing scheme was studied with profiling method in a 5a triploid P.tomentosa pulp plantation,located in Gaotang county,Shandong province.1620 soil cores of 2000 cm3 volume were taken out around 8 trees.The water contents of soil profiles were observed consecutively for four months with a time domain reflectometry(TDR).The rates of water uptake by roots were calculated based on field measurements.The relationship among soil water contents,distribution of roots,and patterns of water uptake by roots were analyzed to see how root water uptake responded to fine root( 2 mm) distribution and changes in soil water availability.The results showed that the average root length densities(RLD) of poplar trees at both sides of planting belts and at different radial distances were close(P0.05).However,RLD varied significantly among different soil horizons(P0.01).Roots were mainly distributed in soil layers at depths of 0-20 cm and 60-150 cm.Roots in those two layers accounted for 29% and 57% of the total length density of roots respectively.The RLDs of trees in different root diameter classes were significantly different(P0.01) and the ratio of roots varied with spatial locations.However,in the root system of tiploid P.tomentosa,about 44% of the roots corresponded to a diameter of 0.2-0.5 mm,followed by 35% of roots of 0-0.2 mm diameter,a 15% of roots 0.5-1 mm and only a 6% of roots greater than 1 mm.Among different orientations,the distribution of roots was shallower at east side than that of west side.The roots of 0-0.5mm within 240-280 cm radial distances at the east side were also more abundant compared with the west side.Therefore,under the wide-and-narrow row spacing planting scheme,the soil depth and root diameter class are two main factors affecting the distribution of roots of poplar trees while planting orientation can influence their morphology and architecture.The water uptake by roots is primarily affected by the spatial distribution of fine roots but will change along with the availability of water in soil profile.When the availability of water increases in top soil,the water uptake by roots mainly happens in top soil.The contribution of roots in deep soil layers will increase when the availability of water in top soil becomes low.If the water condition of a soil profile is highly heterogeneous,the water uptake by roots mainly occurred in zones with high fine roots length densities and availability of water.On the other hand,water uptake is in good agreement with the distribution of fine roots when water spreads evenly in soil profiles and the water stress is not imminent.


This paper describes the design of nonlinear control based sliding mode control for the upper-limb rehabilitation exoskeleton. The proposed controller has robustness against uncertainties of dynamic parameters. The control law provides robustness against disturbances with unknown bounds. To investigate the performance of the proposed control method, simulations are conducted for a nonlinear upper-limb exoskeleton comparing with a computed torque control method. STM32F4Discovery was implemented as the main controller either a traditional controller or a sliding mode control. In the experiment, trajectory tracking in joint space were conducted to evaluate the performance of the developed robot and the controller. Experimental results show that the robot can effectively track the desired S-curve trajectories corresponding to passive arm movement.


Despite the changed and changing position of women in society there remain substantial gender differences in the labour market. This collection covers the gender pay gap, occupational segregation, and gender differences in school subject choice. Marion Koob is impressed but would like to have seen more policy recommendations from the book's contributors.


We experienced a case of a cervical tracheal stenosis caused by irradiation of the neck lymphnodes after mastectomy. We treated a 43-year-old female with right breast cancer (T3N1MO stage lila) who underwent standard radical mastectomy (Br+Ax+Mj+Mn) on May 1984, and had a 60Co irradiation of 50 Gy to axillar, parasternal and supraclavicular areas, for two months after surgery. She had complained of severe stridor and dyspnea since February 1985, and subsequently suffered from a pneumonia in the left lower lobe. She was admitted to our hospital and undergone steroid inspiration. A silicone T-tube was inserted into the trachea. Her symptoms had inproved for two years, but a tracheo-esophageal fistula and pneumonia developed. We performed a resection of a tracheo-esophageal fistula. She died following to suddenly massive hemorrhage from tracheo-bracheochephalic artery fistula on the 7 postoperative days.


Accurate predictions of sea level rise over the coming century will require improved knowledge of the processes controlling accumulation on the great ice sheets. The sparsity of accumulation rate observations, both temporally and spatially, hinder development of this understanding. We introduce a new method to observe accumulation rates (averaged over roughly a decade) using satellite observations of microwave emission at 4.5-cm wavelength, focusing in this paper on Greenland. At this wavelength, scattering by the grain fabric in firn is unimportant relative to quasi-reflection from density (and thus dielectric permittivity) stratification. We show observationally a strong link between random firn density stratification, on scales of millimeters to centimeters, and accumulation rate. We then show theoretically how the observed density stratification can produce and is consistent with observations of polarization of 4.5-cm-wavelength emission. We employ observations from the Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) and previously published ground observations of accumulation rates in Greenland to complete specification of the relationship between accumulation rate and polarization. The relationship is sufficiently accurate to serve as a basis for mapping accumulation rate fields. We compare our satellite-derived maps with previously published maps based on syntheses of ground data. We find broad agreement between the two types of maps, though the satellite-derived map indicates more strongly the importance of topography and prevailing weather patterns in determining detailed accumulation rate patterns. Finally, we discuss possible refinements and the prospects for improved satellite-derived maps based on a new generation of sensors about to be launched.


The addition of a pressure during slip casting increases the rate of material deposition and enables larger pieces to be fabricated. In this study, this process has been further developed using monolithic Al2O3 and Al2O3-SiC composites. Slip casting formulations based on both dispersed and coagulated slurries have been analyzed. Excellent results are achieved using coagulated slurries, with no cracking present after drying. The effect of pressure is to increase the green density with a consequent increase in the fired density. In addition, homogeneous microstructures are achieved in the composite system, despite the large difference in particle size used. 18 refs.


A teaching station for MR technologists based on a personal computer system has been designed and developed. The system is designed mainly to train technologists, who have experiences with other imaging modalities like CT, ultrasound, or nuclear medicine.


A new approach for numerical simulation of the wave propagation in a composite plate is presented in this paper. Problem is realized by the 2D–3D coupled time domain spectral element method. All components used in the simulation are decomposed from each other. A connection between them is guaranteed by the interface elements realized by Lagrange multipliers. With this type of scheme, one can avoid a modelling of all the components by the three-dimensional (3D) spectral elements. In particular, the computation time can be reduced by using two-dimensional (2D) elements for adhesive layer modelling. Otherwise, 3D elements are very inefficient because a convergence of Central Difference Time Integration Method applied for solving an equation of motion is strongly correlated with the size of the smallest element. Numerical calculations were performed for the composite plate modelled by the 3D solid elements with a piezoelectric transducer bonded to the plate by the adhesive layer modelled by 2D shell elements. The simulations were carried out for an adhesive layer of various thickness for the excitation frequency in the range of 50–200 kHz. The presented model was verified by experimental data obtained by the laser vibrometer.


The forensic engineer investigates the cause of failures and determines, from an engineering viewpoint, who was responsible for that failure. These failures need not be catastrophic but may be the result of a facility not functioning as it was originally intended. The investigative engineer relies on many years of engineering practice and utilizes all of the skills developed from basic concepts through current state of the art techniques. This paper will recite some typical case histories to illustrate the forensic engineer's services.


Recent research indicates that isometric exercise appears to be safe and has a myriad of potential health benefits. Busy health professionals can use isometric exercise in their own personal lives to achieve additional exercise throughout the day. Clients who are particularly resistant to initiation of an exercise protocol given time constraints can implement isometric exercise virtually anywhere and anytime.


Thyroid hormones play important roles in the metabolism of sugar balance. They regulate the glucose metabolism through the direct or indirect effects on the liver, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue and other important organs. The purpose of this paper is to review the research progress of these mechanisms of thyroid hormones on glucose metabolism and the relationships between thyroid diseases and insulin resistance. Keywords thyroid hormone; thyroxine; triiodothyronine; glucose metabolism; insulin resistance


The growing issue of unrealistic beauty standards has led to a positive idea that is considered to be able to overcome this issue, namely body positivity. Dove is a hair and body care brand that actively promotes body positivity through its campaigns for more than a decade. One of Dove Indonesia's campaigns related to body positivity is the #RambutAkuKataAku campaign where this campaign seeks to create changes in attitudes and social behavior that benefit society, which is also called a social marketing campaign. This research studies how the content of Dove's social marketing campaign #RambutAkuKataAku from the Dove Indonesia YouTube channel on the concept of body positivity. The researcher uses a qualitative content analysis method with a post-positivism paradigm. The data validity technique used is source triangulation. The results of this study indicate that the three video campaigns for Dove #RambutAkuKataAku contain the category of social marketing campaign activities and the multidimensional concept of body positivity with different scores in coding, and each video campaign is dominated by the different categories of social marketing campaign activities and body positivity concepts.


Two different symbols combining snakes and staffs have been used to represent the medical profession. Laxmi Vilas Ghimire looks at the history of these symbols and asks which is better


STATCOM is used to control the reactive power during grid fault conditions. The reactive power is controlled through the six step voltage source inverters which are discussed in the previous chapter 4. The VSI suffers from the poor power quality and sluggish response during grid fault conditions. To overcome this draw backs, this chapter suggested the multilevel inverter based STATCOM. The various topologies of MLI is proposed and implemented for STATCOM applications. From the detailed literature survey, this thesis proposes the eight switches based cascaded MLI for STATCOM applications.


The photo-oxidation of Hg(I) by Ce(IV) has been studied at 366 mμ in aqueous perchloric acid solutions. The quantum yield depends on the concentrations of both Hg(I) and Ce(III). This dependence is different at high and low absorptions. There is a marked increase of the quantum yield with the acid concentration. It is proposed therefore that Ce4+ is the species involved in the primary photochemical process.


Professional Development Experiences of Southern California Elementary School Teachers by Kim E. Du Cloux MA, California State University San Bernardino, 2003 BA, California State University San Bernardino, 1996 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Education Walden University November 2017 Abstract Many researchers have concluded that teachers' frustration with the lack of quality teacher professional development can be addressed by acknowledging teachers' voices and involving them in the planning and design of their professional development. The purpose of this basic qualitative study was to explore 3 through 5 grade elementary teachers' experiences with professional development in their schools or in their district in Southern California. Hargreaves and Fullan's concept of professional capital and Shulman's construct of knowledge growth in teaching provided the conceptual framework for this study. The research questions that framed the interview protocol for this study focused on teachers' experiences and ideas for professional development. Open coding of interviews with 8 convenience sample teachers determined common words, phrases, or sentences and constant comparison determined emergent themes. Findings that emerged were that district professional development lacked continuity and was experienced as overwhelming, ineffective, inadequate, and often insufficient. Teachers perceived that their needs were seldom met and their involvement in the planning and design of professional development was limited. The elementary teachers desire reflective processing time to become masters of their craft, as well as active involvement in planning and designing their professional development. This study may contribute to positive social change by providing insight to professional development designers that teachers desire involvement in planning training with more engagement and higher levels of learning which can contribute to improved student outcomes. Collaboration such as that found in professional learning communities could accomplish this goal.Many researchers have concluded that teachers' frustration with the lack of quality teacher professional development can be addressed by acknowledging teachers' voices and involving them in the planning and design of their professional development. The purpose of this basic qualitative study was to explore 3 through 5 grade elementary teachers' experiences with professional development in their schools or in their district in Southern California. Hargreaves and Fullan's concept of professional capital and Shulman's construct of knowledge growth in teaching provided the conceptual framework for this study. The research questions that framed the interview protocol for this study focused on teachers' experiences and ideas for professional development. Open coding of interviews with 8 convenience sample teachers determined common words, phrases, or sentences and constant comparison determined emergent themes. Findings that emerged were that district professional development lacked continuity and was experienced as overwhelming, ineffective, inadequate, and often insufficient. Teachers perceived that their needs were seldom met and their involvement in the planning and design of professional development was limited. The elementary teachers desire reflective processing time to become masters of their craft, as well as active involvement in planning and designing their professional development. This study may contribute to positive social change by providing insight to professional development designers that teachers desire involvement in planning training with more engagement and higher levels of learning which can contribute to improved student outcomes. Collaboration such as that found in professional learning communities could accomplish this goal. Professional Development Experiences of Southern California Elementary School Teachers by Kim E. Du Cloux MA, California State University San Bernardino, 2003 BA, California State University San Bernardino, 1996 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Education Walden University November 2017 Dedication This study is dedicated to my parents, Eugene and Joyce Du Cloux, who have always encouraged me to do and to be my best. From a little girl, they told me that nothing was impossible, and that I could do anything I set my mind and heart to. They have always supported me and have always been there for me. They allowed me to stand on their shoulders and achieve. Thank you, Mom and Dad, for being examples of faith, love, and perseverance. Thank you for being my parents. I love you!! Acknowledgments To God be the glory for the things He has truly done for I never would have made it without Him. He made the way out of what seemed like no way at times. He helped me persevere and make it through. Thank you, Lord! I would like to once again thank my parents, Eugene and Joyce, my sister Kelli, and my nephew Tjah'Mari for their love, support, and encouragement. To my dearest friend, La Shan, who was an ear and a shoulder through it all; and her mom, my second mom, Ms. Charlene, who always had an encouraging word. To Dr. Robert L. Fairley and Sister Mary Fairley for always believing and encouraging me to keep with it no matter what. To an incredible host of supportive family, friends, and colleagues who urged, encouraged, and checked on me throughout the years. You know who you are. When things got challenging, I would see your faces, remember your words, and keep pressing forward. Thank you all so much! Completing this educational journey certainly would not have been possible without the guidance, direction, and support of my chairperson, Dr. Cheryl Keen. With many emails, Skype sessions, and phone calls; through the triumphs and milestones, the tears and sometimes frustrations, you helped me view things from different perspectives, expand my thinking, and grow. You are a special person and your presence along this journey has been invaluable. To Dr. Estelle Jorgensen, thank you for pushing me beyond my comfort zone causing me to stretch and consider additional angles as well. I appreciate you both. Thank you. Finally, to all my students throughout the years and for years to come. Being a teacher, I could not encourage you to set goals, follow your dreams, be determined, and persist, no matter the obstacles or how long it takes without leading by example. Dream big, plan, and get at it!


1 SUMMARY Eggplant is a vegetable with seed dormancy. Initially inactive seeds are prevent germination during inadequate ecological surrounding in order to avert low seedling survival. Accelerated senescence of seed appears to be in genotypes that passed the dormant period. The aim of this research was to establish which treatment had the highest effect on germination with the highest stability comparing to natural dormancy period and what possibilities of shortening are. In this study we used 5 genotypes, 2 selected lines (33 and 34), and 3 genotypes from Institute for Vegetable Crops (2 02619, 7 – 00568 and 12 – 00823). These genotypes were treated with: (a) four previous low temperature treatments (HLS at 4C) for 96 hours (4 days), 72 hours (3 days) and 48 hours (2 days). (b) hormonal treatments with gibberellic acid (GA3) in three concentrations i.e. 5 ml/100ml, 15 ml/100ml and 25 ml/100ml. (c) potassium nitrate treatment KNO3 with 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% solution for 24 hours. (d) Time treatment, in order to naturally overcome the dormancy was Kon-3, Kon-6, Kon-12 and control observed for 3, 6 and 12 months. The lowest stability, i.e. the highest AMMI's stability value (ASV) value was recorded in selected line L33. This line expressed the highest seed dormancy and low germination (18.5%), and it did not reach its full germination even 12 months after seed extraction (88.5%).The lowest value of ASV coefficient was with KNO3 1% treatment, where the percentage of germination of all studied genotypes was the most uniformed.


The fluorescence spectra of intact leaves illuminated with laser light (Ar tlaser 488 nm) shows two peaks around 685 nm (Hip) and 740 nm (FIp). The intensity ratio of the FIp peak to the Fllp peak (FIp/FIIp ratio) is linearly elevated with increasing chlorophyll content. In this investigation, in order to examine the effect of temperatures from 5t to 60t on chlorophyll fluorescence spectra and on the measurement of chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence spectra of wild type (nourin-8) and chlorina mutant (MGS88) rice leaves were measured. The spectra were analyzed by resolving them into Gaussian curve components using five tentative fluorescence emitter components (F680, F685, F695, F720 and F740) based on the model proposed by Wittmershaus et al., and one minor emitter component (F780) at a longer wavelength. The peak ratio and emitter area ratios of laser-induced fluorescence spectra of the nourin 8 leaves indicated constant value within a temperature range from 20t to 40t. Values changed at low temperatures (below 20t ) and at high temperatures (above 40•Ž). The method of measuring chlorophyll content by using peak ratio and emitter area ratios of LIF spectra was useful in practical application in the optimum temperature range (20t to 40t) for growing rice. Resolution analysis of fluorescence spectra showed changes in fluorescence spectra induced by temperature and chlorophyll contents were affected by the emitters (F680, F685 and F740) relating to lightharvesting chlorophyll. We conclude that the LIF method is useful for monitoring the effect of temperature of light-harvesting chlorophyll and the chlorophyll content in rice plant leaves of normal temperature conditions in the plant factory.


Development and improvement of human resources in facing the challenges of the world of work related to the application of spiritual values in the workplace, the values of the company's organizational culture, both individual and group levels, are considered to have an important role in improving employee performance. This research aims to determine the effect of workplace spirituality and organizational culture on Employee performance with individual spirituality as a mediating variable at PT. Tirtakencana Tatawarna, Garut Regency, West Java. This research uses quantitative methods with types of purposive sampling, data processing, and testing using SEMPLS version 3.9.2. The research results show that there is a significant and positive direct influence, this means that the higher workplace spirituality, organizational culture, and individual spirituality, the higher employee performance, conversely, if workplace spirituality, organizational culture, and individual spirituality are low, employee performance will be low. Indirectly, it has been proven that individual spirituality mediates significantly and positively.


Submodule (SM) fault is a common potential problem in the modular multilevel converter (MMC), which may lead to current distortion and even the collapse of the control system. This article proposes a novel operation scheme for SM fault in medium-voltage MMC applications. First, when the fault number is low, the capacitor voltages increase to a lower value according to the operation status. Second, when the fault number is higher, the capacitor voltages increase to the rated value and the zero-sequence voltage (ZSV) is injected to maintain the normal operation of MMC. In addition, a virtual voltage idea is applied to simplify the modulation under SM faults, where the reconfigurations of carriers are not necessary. Compared with the conventional fault-tolerant method, the proposed method can enhance the ride-through capability of MMC and simplify the modulation process under SM faults. Simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed operation scheme under severe SM faults.


1. Introduction 2. New Buckets Under Old Leaks? 3. Why Educate? Society, the Individual and Education 4. Ours to Reason Why? the Human Rights Issue 5. What Price Freedom? Economy and Effectiveness in Education 6. Learning, Teaching and Learning to Learn: Epistomological Perspectives 7. How Others Do It (i): Some International Alternatives 8. How Others Do It (ii): A Radical Alternative Home Education 9. Ways Forward: Towards a 'Learning Society' 10. Conclusion: Towards a Learning Society


As computer science educators, many of us share the common challenge of assessing students' programming skills. While a number of commercial services have popped up to fill this need, numerous members of the CS-Education community develop and maintain their own in-house tools. Commercial services may increase the costs to institutions and students, while instructor-developed tools are usually tailored to their own use cases; as a result, new instructors often, in turn, build their own highly-specialized solutions. This BOF is intended to spark a conversation about how we as a community can address this challenge by working together. In particular, we will discuss the availability of current open source tools and how they can be generalized, with a focus on editors, compilers, questionnaires, and scoring systems for assessments, including web-based and local-software solutions. Looking forward, we will discuss possible avenues to unite platforms and code bases, coordinate, and collaborate in the future-including student involvement as part of their coursework (e.g., capstone projects) to further develop platforms. Finally, by providing a dedicated session, we hope to advertise and disseminate the open source availability of these projects for those who seek a low- or no-cost solution for their students.


Rubus stunt, a disease associated with phytoplasma infections in wild and cultivated Rubus species, is a major challenge in the production of raspberries, blackberries, and loganberries. Phytoplasmas are cell wall-less bacteria inhabiting the phloem and are transferred by phloem feeding insects. As the time between infection of a plant and the development of disease symptoms can take up to 1 year, an early detection of phytoplasmas using highly sensitive and rapid molecular methods is of great importance to minimize their spread. Therefore, in this study, a multiplex real-time PCR assay using TaqMan probes in combination with four different kinds of fluorogenic dyes in the same reaction was developed, allowing a rapid and simultaneous detection of different groups of phytoplasmas infecting Rubus species. This assay is a solid tool for the screening of mother plants in nurseries and for further research in phytoplasmas infecting Rubus


After progressive grading, artificial regeneration experiments were performed at the apex of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica at vertices less than 0.4. Ten years later, the growth of each species was observed and the land under the forest was investigated. The results show that the artificial regeneration method of this segment can transform the pure forest of Pinus sylvestris. Mongolians are in mixed forests of many species; four species of Pinus sylvestris can be used as the main species under the crown; artificial regeneration under the crown can be gradually improved, delaying the decline of Pinus sylvestris var.


Water scarcity is a major constraint at national level, under the combined effects of irregular rainfall, the country's growing needs to respond to demographic pressure and the call of competing economic sectors (agriculture, industry, drinking water, tourism, etc.). This situation is further exacerbated by the impact of climate change, so optimization and sustainable water management are a necessity. Within this framework, this research work aims to measure the performance of producers of red fruit farms at the Loukkos perimeter through an empirical analysis of their technical efficiency and efficiency of water use. To achieve this, a deterministic production frontier model (with a production technology represented by a translog functional form) has been specified using the software FRONTIER 4.1, allowing both the estimation of farm efficiency scores and the identification of the explanatory factors for technical inefficiency. Then the estimation of water use efficiency scores using the Reinhard derivative has been measured. Survey data collected from a sample of 40 raspberry and 20 blueberry farms in the Loukkos area were used for this purpose. The results show that a minority of the farms selected are below their production frontier and are characterized by technical inefficiency. The average technical efficiency is 91%, indicating a level ranging from 60% to 99% for raspberry and an average of 91% ranging from 80% to 99% for blueberry. Some of these producers could increase their technical efficiency without having to increase their input volumes. The technical efficiency of water use is higher than 80% for raspberry, for blueberry more than 98%. On the other hand, the economic efficiency of water use scores for both crops is high (99%). As regards the analysis of the determinants of the technical efficiency and efficiency of water use they were analyzed with GRETL using Tobit model, it follows that variables such as age of farm managers, level of education, and planting age for blueberries are significant and influence positively the level of technical efficiency and technical efficiency of water use in raspberry and blueberry operations. These various results were used to identify implications, in terms of development measures, with a view to improving the performance of these farms.


he paper presents the results of a typo-chronological analysis of arrowheads from the ash-hill found in the hillfort of the Scythian cultural circle in Chotyniec, site 1, Jaroslaw province. During the 2016-2018 excavation campaigns, 38 such specimens were discovered. All arrowheads from Chotyniec could be linked to the Northern Black Sea region, where they have good analogies. Thanks to a detailed chronological analysis of the arrowheads, using the data from quiver sets from Scythian graves, it was possible to establish that they could be dated between the end (or maybe even the second half) of the 7th century to the middle of the 6th century B.C. Referring to chronological schemes of the Scythian cultural circle, the described collection of artefacts would be linked to the final phases of archaic Scythia (stage ESC-3), which are synchronous with the second half of the HaD1 and the HaD2 phase in the periodization of cultures of Central Europe.


Radiotherapy nurses are integral members of the multidisciplinary team. In this article, the author describes the role and makes recommendations for its future development.


The study examined the Parental Attitude towards Adolescent Sexual Behaviour in Akoko Edo and Estako - West Local Government Areas, Edo State, Nigeria. A descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The sample size of 600 parents; 350 (58.39%) fathers and 250 (41.7%) mothers was purposively selected from the from the two local government areas for the study. This was complemented with focus group discussion conducted with 20 (twenty) parents currently teaching in 8 secondary schools in the local government area of the study. Four research hypotheses were generated based on attitudinal topical areas. A self developed questionnaire and validated for its reliability at R = 0.86 was used to elicit responses from the participants. Data collected were coded and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The study revealed that some the four variables were significant. Based on the findings of the study, parents should be groomed on the importance of having interest in the adolelescent sexuality issue. This should be done through mass media, conferences and workshops. Government should make the course on adolescent reproductive health compulsory in all schools. Enlightenment campaign by NGO by other stake holders should be encouraged by the government - at both federal and state level.


An Na's A Step from Heaven (2002) is a coming of age novel that follows the emotional maturation of its protagonist, Young Ju, who migrated from Korea to the United States at the age of four. Through the heroine's perspective, readers become involved in the grim conditions the family is forced to face, such as poverty, social marginalization, cultural dislocation and domestic violence. However, the novel avoids a totally tragic and fatalistic approach to its subject matter, since Young Ju is finally able to overcome all suffering and find the promise of a better future. As will be argued, novels such as A Step from Heaven tackle harsh and complex issues- widely present in today's multicultural and globalized world — that need to be understood by young adults for them to grow awareness of these social realities. For children and adolescents in similar conditions, it is always reassuring to read books peopled with individuals who, as in the case of Na's heroine, set a positive example of endurance, courage and optimism.


Streaming data has become more common as our ability to collect data in real-time increases. A primary concern in dealing with data streams is concept drift, which describes changes in the underlying distribution of streaming data. Measuring drift severity is crucial for model adaptation. Drift severity can be a proxy in choosing concept drift adaptation strategies. Current methods measure drift severity by monitoring the changes in the learner performance or measuring the difference between data distributions. However, these methods cannot measure the drift severity if the ground truth labels are unavailable. Specifically, performance-based methods cannot measure marginal drift, and distribution-based methods cannot measure conditional drift. We propose a novel framework named Tree-based Drift Measurement (TDM) that measures both marginal and conditional drift without revisiting historical data. TDM measures the difference between tree classifiers by transforming them into sets of binary vectors. An experiment shows that TDM achieves similar performance to the state-of-the-art methods and provides the best trade-off between runtime and memory usage. A case study shows that the online learner performance can be improved by adapting different drift adaptation strategies based on the drift severity.


In accordance with the wide use of stapling devices, low anterior resection for rectal cancer has been the standard operation except for a cancer that is located in extremely low in the rectum or extend to the anal verge. Low anterior resection is an excellent procedures in that the anal function is preserved completely and the technique is simple. But at the same time, if the ampulla of the rectum is resected, stool frequency occurs and impossible voluntary evacuation by abdominal pressure.In order to overcome these demerit, we make a pouch with the residual sigmoid colon by using linear stapling devices. The colon pouch plays the role of an artificial ampulla, and the patients who received these operation are able to have a voluntary stool evacuation by abdominal compression. And at the same time, the artificial ampulla can retain the stool, which decreases stool frequency. From the standpoint of quality of life, colon pouch formation is a useful surgical procedure for lower rectal cancer.


In this paper, we have investigated a new scaling parameter in the standard memoryless L-BFGS algorithm. This new consideration is compared with the standard L-BFGS method under the assumption of the L-BFGS method with m=3


In the analysis of As ii, the usual Slater–Condon treatment was found unsatisfactory for the multiconfiguration group 4s4p3–4p4d–4p5d–4p6d–4p7s. It was found that when LS-dependent parameters were introduced there was a substantial improvement of the agreement between experimental and calculated energy levels and for the Lande g factors as well. We carried out Hartree–Fock (HF) solutions for each term of this multiconfiguration and obtained convincing evidence of the necessity for LS-dependent parameters. In N ii, P ii, Sb 1i, and Bi ii, we found the same pattern to hold in the HF solutions for the sp3 and the corresponding first three pd configurations.


...................................................................................................................... iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................... v TABLE OF CONTENTS ....................................................................................................... vi LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................. ix LIST OF TABLES................................................................................................................. x CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................1 1.


The production of high-frequency broadband noise by turbulent vortex shedding from rotor blades with blunt trailing edges is investigated analytically. The derivation of the governing equations, analogous to that of Kim and George (1982) for boundary-layer/trailing-edge noise, is explained, and numerical results are compared with the experimental data of Hubbard et al. (1981) and Lowson et al. (1972) in graphs. It is shown that vortex-shedding noise is a significant component of blunt-trailing-edge rotor broadband noise and that the analytical method employed gives reasonable predictions. The need for a better empirical expression for the normalized spectrum and for more measurements of surface pressure fluctuations near blunt trailing edges is indicated.


Treatment of 6-dimethylaminofulvene 1 with lithio-2,6-diisopropylanilide 2 gave the lithiated 6-(2,6-diisopropylanilido)fulvene 3. Its treatment with Me3SiCl afforded the N-silylated derivative (C5H4)═CH-N(Ar)SiMe3 (4), which was characterized by X-ray diffraction. Protonation of 3 was effected by treatment with acetylacetone to yield a mixture of syn- and anti-5 [(C5H4)═CH-N(Ar)H] contaminated with some 2,6-diisopropylaniline. The minor isomer, syn-5, was also characterized by an X-ray crystal structure analysis. Treatment of this mixture with Zr(NMe2)4 led to in situ deprotonation and formation of complex [(C5H4)-CH═NAr]2Zr(NMe2)2 (6) in a mixture with the exchange product [(C5H4)-CH═NAr]2Zr(NMe2)(NH-Ar) (7) as a minor component (both characterized by X-ray diffraction). The corresponding reaction with the reagent Zr(benzyl)4 or Cl2Zr(NMe2)2(THF)2 resulted in the clean formation of the products [(C5H4)-CH═NAr]2Zr(benzyl)2 (8) (also characterized by X-ray diffraction) and [(C5H4)-CH═NAr]2ZrCl2 (9), respe...


To establish its practical value, a probabilistic network is typically subjected to an evaluation study using real-life data from the domain of application. The results of such a study are often summarised in the percentage of correctly computed outcomes. In this paper, we propose the use of evaluation scores as an alternative way of expressing the practical value of a network. These scores take not just the computed outcome into consideration but also the associated distribution of uncertainty. We illustrate the use of such a score for a real-life probabilistic network in oncology and show that it can provide valuable information in addition to a percentage correct.


Voucher specimens (109) of bee species associated with MS Thesis: Interactions between wild bee communities and Douglas-fir beetle (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae) populations in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziezii) forests of the Intermountain West


This paper summarizes the research achievements of both western monetary demand theory and current Chinese monetary demand, puts forward the Chinese monetary demand function since the mid 1990s, and applies the analysis of coordination and the model of error rectification to make a substantial proof test. In the last part of policy suggestions, it develops a kind of creative approach to demonstrate how the Central Bank of China attains its monetary stock.


Objective To decide the optimum initiating pressure of nasal CPAP in newborns with respiratory distress. Methods The study was done in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) between November 2009 and November 2011 as a prospective randomised trial in 50 newborns with respiratory distress with Silverman Anderson score of 4–6, excluding babies with major congenital malformation, severe cardiovascular instability and frequent apnea at birth or requiring surfactant at birth. Alternate newborn enrolled was put on nasal CPAP with PEEP of 5 cm of water and FiO2 of 50% or PEEP of 7 cm of water and FiO2 of 50%. Clinical and investigative monitoring was done with X-ray chest on admission to confirm indication and repeated at 3–5 h to check lung expansion and rule out any contraindication or complication. USG Skull was done between 3–5 days to rule out intracranial hemorrhage. Results Twenty-five babies in each group were put on nasal CPAP with starting FiO2 of 50% and PEEP of 5 cm of water in one group and FiO2 of 50% and PEEP of 7 cm of water in other group. No statistically significant difference was found between various characteristics of both groups like sex, mode of delivery, gestation and birth weight etc. All the patients survived in each group and there was no statistically significant difference between the outcomes of each group. Two patients on initial PEEP of 5 cm group failed on CPAP and three patients on PEEP 7 group failed and had to be shifted on mechanical ventilation. Conclusions There is no difference in outcome of patients with initial PEEP of 5 cm of water or 7 cm of water. We should initiate CPAP on PEEP of 5 cm, as there is no benefit of starting at a higher PEEP of 7 cm of water; although we got a range of initiating pressure from 5 to 7 cm which is safe in newborns with respiratory distress.


Scientific spirits is a system,which has the characters of openness,dynamics,hierarchical quality and coordination of systems science.Analyzing the scientific spirits' systems in new century and new times is helpful for us to recognize the scientific spirits'essence intention and changing and developing law,and to further explore better new means of fostering and innovating it,so to promote the development of human civilization and society.


'Contender' snap beans were planted in double row plots 20-ft in length on May 23, 1978. Each plot was buffered on either side by 2 untreated guard rows. The distance between rows was 3 ft. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Spray treatments were applied on Jun 30 with a wheel-barrow-type sprayer using CO2 for spray discharge. The spray boom was equipped with drop nozzles and each row was covered by 3 nozzles. All treatments were mixecT with 1.5 gal of water and applied at the rate of 25 gal/A with 40 psi. Plots were rated on Jul 4 by counting the number of Mexican bean beetle larvae/10-ft of row. Yields were taken on Jul 12 by harvesting 2, 10-ft sections/treat/rep. At harvest time a sample of 150 beans/treat/rep were examined for European corn borer injury.


In the absence of a real cure for tuberculosis tuberculin therapy remains an important adjuvant to the long and expensive general hygienic treatment. It is only natural and at the same time justifiable that anything that may be of even the slightest help to the patient should be employed, provided no harm is done. While at the present time there is little probability of tuberculin being used as recklessly and in as large doses as during the period shortly following Koch's original communication,-a period referred to by Brown aptly as the "tuberculin terror," the fact remains that, in an endeavor to help, the general and indiscriminate use of tuberculin can and actually does do harm in some cases. It would seem timely, therefore, to point out briefly some of its limitations and dangers. If the various hypotheses as to the action of tuberculin be left out of consideration and the actual pathologic changes constituting the tuberculin reaction be kept in view constantly, these dangers will be avoided more readily while the indications and contra-indications for its therapeutic use would appear perfectly obvious. We are still in doubt as to the nature of tuberculin sensitiveness. WVe do not know what biological mechanism brings it about. That it is an anaphylactic phenomenon seems fairly certain. On the other hand it appears more complex than the sensitiveness usually induced by the injection of a foreign proteid. True tuberculin sensitiveness has not been produced in non-tuberculous organisms by previous treatment with tuberculin. It is true that Baldwin (i), Krause (2), Lewis (3) and Austrian (4), among others, were able to induce anaphylactic shock by means of large doses of tuberculin in non-tuberculous animals by previously treating them with products of tubercle bacilli. But the anaphylactic sensitiveness produced in such animals lacked some of the essential characteristics of true tuberculin reactivity. As Baldwin has pointed out (5), the actual formation of tubercle tissue and tubercle cells seems necessary in order to bring about a condition of allergie or reactivity to products of tubercle bacilli. In fact, from what we now know in regard to tuberculosis, the changes in the tissue cells at the site of the tuberculous lesions apparently constitute the essential features of all tuberculous processes. When we set out to gather the few facts we know about tuberculin and its effects, we find as Lewis (6) has put it recently in a very clear analysis of the subject, that "relatively very little that is essential has been added to the fundamental facts of the pathology of the tuberculin reaction, which formed the justification for the therapeutic use of tuberculin." In other words, our knowledge of tuberculin on a strictly pathological basis has not advanced beyond that obtained from Koch's original dassical experiments. All further knowledge in regard to tuberculin 'rests upon clinical, if not empirical, observations. The essential effect of tuberculin is the focal reaction or the inflammatory changes that take place in and about all existing tuberculous foci, whether they are located in the lungs, the skin or other organs. These inflammatory changes consist in congestion or, if severe enough, necrosis and softening. It is important to bear in mind constantly that this focal or organ reaction is the real reaction; this much is based upon established anatomic facts. All other phenomena associated with the reaction; local and general symptoms, as well as changes in the objective physical signs, are merely the result of the central focal reaction with chemical cellular changes. If the tuberculous lesion is located in the lungs a given dose of tuberculin administered subcutaneously will cause increased congestion about the disease focus. If the dose be large enough there may be necrosis and softening with possible extension of the process, either through adjacent tissues or even by rupture into blood vessels, these changes being analogous to the pathologic changes occurring in the course of the disease as a result of the tuberculo-protein derived from the tubercle bacilli. The changes accompanying focal reaction may be detected by alterations in the physical signs: increased dullness, voice and breath changes and an increase in rales; in other words, signs of increased moisture. Coincident with changes in physical signs there may be an increase of local symptoms: cough, expectoration, streaked sputum or pleurisy. The cellular changes constituting the focal reaction may also bring about an increase in general symptoms: rise of temperature, increased pulse rate, headache, malaise, pains in the body and extremities, loss of appetite and digestive disturbances. Occasionally, however, such general symptoms may remain absent. In other words, focal reaction with congestion may occur, but no rise of temperature and no subjective symptoms are noted, just as clinically, softening and cavity formation may take place without general symptoms of toxemia. It is this very feature that makes tuberculosis as a disease so insidious and calls for such caution in the use of tuberculin. The above applies to a single, not minimal, dose of tuberculin. If beginning with small doses the injections are repeated at intervals, with gradually increasing doses, a tolerance to tuberculin is established so that in time even very large doses no longer cause a reaction. This tuberculin tolerance is not strictly an immunity in the biologic sense since so far as can be determined no antibodies to tuberculin are formed. In what way this tolerance is established we do not know. Like tuberculin reactivity it must depend necessarily upon changes in the cells at the site of the lesion and of the body cells in general, so that they no longer react to the given dose of tuberculin.-focal tolerance. This tolerance exists normally in the non-tuberculous individual because there are no tuhercle cells present that are capable of bringing about .an allergic condition. The prob-


Research in South Africa has paid little attention to black student motivation for voluntary communityservice engagement. Motivation for community service engagement is probably the most important factor for student teachers, for consistent, sustainable service to their communities. The focus of this study was to investigate the motives of black student teachers' continued voluntary engagement after being exposed to community service learning. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with 4 year students to gather data. Inductive, content analysis was conducted to determine themes. We established that students are motivated by several factors that are self and externally directed — promoted by the availability of service opportunities in their environments. These motivational factors may also be individualistic and or collectivistic orientated. The factors that motivate students have implications for how institutions of higher learning develop their programmes for community service engagement for student teachers.


Three experiments were conducted to determine the effect of reduced feed intake on the metabolism and toxic expression of zearalenone. Young female rats were fed a standard diet either ad libitum or 75% of ad libitum intake. The enzyme activities of 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3α-HSD) and uridine diphosphate glucuronyl transferase (UDP-G), the zearalenone metabolizing enzymes, were determined after 14 d of feeding. When feed was restricted, 3α-HSD activity increased 28% while UDP-G activity increased 79% compared to fed controls. After 14 d of feeding, animals were orally dosed with 1 mg zearalenone kg−1 body weight; zearalenone and its metabolites were measured in urine and feces. Feed restriction resulted in more conjugated zearalenone being excreted in the urine, with a corresponding decrease in α- and β-zearalenols produced and fecal metabolites compared to fed animals. No conjugated metabolites were found in the feces. Animals were fed the same diet, but 0–150 ppm zearalenone were added for 3 wk...