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Despite marketing its Lincoln brand as "not just luxury… it's smarter than that," Ford has finally admitted what the car guy world has been saying for some time: Lincoln isn't a luxury brand… it's a rebadge brand. Ford's product honcho Derrick Kuzak tells Automotive News [sub] that the jig is up and there will be
No more badge engineering
But publicly smacking down poor-selling outgoing models as a way of proving that "we get it starting now" is hardly a new practice in Detroit. The real question is what can Kuzak show us in the way of a light at the end of this tunnel? Step one was apparently creating a Lincoln division that was materially different from Ford. In addition to what we learned recently about Lincoln getting its own design team, Kuzak reveals that
On the engineering side, Lincoln has a director of product development, Scott Tobin, a change from six months ago. There are Lincoln-exclusive powertrain development people, and there will be unique powertrains in some models, paired with eight-speed transmissions.
Still not feeling an upswell of optimism about Lincoln's future? Have another glass of Kool Aid, and consider the following new "Lincoln unique" features that will differentiate Ford's luxury brand:
— Push-button shifting controls. Forget the gimmicky chrome push-button shifts on the infamous Edsel. Taking out the shift column opens up the look of the interior.
— Fully retractable, all-glass roofs. This is not a typical 2-foot-by-1-foot sunroof, but a massive sliding pane.
— Continuously controlled damping, which allows a driver to choose among ride qualities.
— Available all-wheel drive in all models. This is available in Lincolns today, except the soon-to-disappear Town Car.
Unless Lincoln's new 100-man design team comes up with some serious swagger, these features just won't cut it. And without a hint of remotely unique product coming down the line (Focus and next-gen Escape "non-rebadges" are all we're hearing about), Lincoln will continue to flounder. But Lincoln's still signaling that its approach isn't fundamentally wrong… the problem it seems, was the consumers. According to AN [sub], Ford's fixed that problem, by re-orienting Lincoln towards
what Lincoln calls "progressive luxury" customers.
A traditional luxury buyer might stay at a Ritz or Four Seasons hotel; a progressive luxury consumer would prefer a small boutique hotel. Both demand the same level of performance, feel and quiet in their vehicles. But Lincoln's target buyers view their vehicles as expressions of their personalities, not as trophies that show the neighbors they've arrived.
The "old luxury" meme is as old of an out-of-ideas marketing chestnut as "we want to be like Apple." Interestingly, the brand that is most referenced in discussion of the Lincoln turnaround, Audi, used the exact term in its last Super Bowl ad blitz. But as far as Kuzak is concerned, the new design team, customer orientation and features are the final step needed to accomplish his luxury brand's ultimate goal.
set Lincolns apart from even a top-of-the-line, flagship Ford Taurus.
But is the problem that Lincoln is too closely positioned to Ford or that it's simply not competitive with the vast array of competitive luxury brands? After all, moving away from the Ford brand is not the same thing as moving towards success in the luxury market…
Tagged as Branding, Ford, Future Vehicles, Lincoln, Luxury, Marketing, QOTD
53 Comments on "Lincoln: "No More Badge Engineering"..."
ajlaAugust 15th, 2011 at 4:11 pm
There are Lincoln-exclusive powertrain development people, and there will be unique powertrains in some models…
A Lincoln-brand engine?! Someone cue up Ode to Joy.
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drylbrgAugust 15th, 2011 at 8:15 pm
I'm taking that to mean Lincoln tuned/sized versions of Ford engines. They might also get slightly modified transmissions. I just don't see them laying out the cash for a whole new engine family just for Lincoln.
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dwfordAugust 15th, 2011 at 4:12 pm
What's old is new again. Remember when Lincoln had it's own headquarters in California? While Lincolns have mostly shared chassis with regular Fords, they haven't always been just nose and tail rebadge jobs. And say what you will about the styling, the MKT certainly doesn't share any body panels with the Flex! Nor does the MKS with the Taurus. I guess we will see very soon how serious Ford is about differentiating Lincoln when we see the new MKZ.
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npbheightsAugust 15th, 2011 at 4:12 pm
Ford has been making really good cars for some time. Lincolns are simply Fords with a more formal look, nicer interiors, more powerful engines and a better warranty. What is so bad about that?
BTW: Lincolns have been 'nicer Fords' since before my avatar was made. Lincolns could have been even better by now had they reinvested their profits into it and had not wasted their money on projects that most people never associated with Ford, namely: Jaguar, Land Rover, Aston Martin, Volvo, Mazda. Lincoln would have been really something by now, and most of those brands would be relegated to the dustbin of history had Ford not invested so much money into them. When I tell most people that any of those brands were owned or controlled by Ford until recently, they look at me like I just said something crazy.
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TstagAugust 15th, 2011 at 4:22 pm
npbheights Ford invested in JLR and co because they had global reach. Lincoln does not, which is why even now Ford is reluctant to splash the cash. Ford could spend they just don't want to and rightly so.
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npbheightsAugust 15th, 2011 at 4:31 pm
What good is 'global reach' when it looses billions of dollars for you? If they wouldn't have wasted billions of dollars over 20+ years acquiring, and then overhauling those 'broken' car companies, and had invested it in themselves, Fords, Lincolns, and dare I say Mercury vehicles could have been incredible cars. I will admit that they probably thought they were making wise choices at the time, and it's easy to look back after the fact, but the 'what if' will always be there for me.
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McrayZAugust 16th, 2011 at 12:40 am
npbheights, I totally agree. There's nothing wrong with Lincoln being a nicer ford. However the reasoning goes that the job of rebadging already nice fords should be done by mercury, and a Lincoln should be nicer still. I'm not sure that I follow that reasoning but I recently purchased a brand new MKZ and couldn't be happier. I didn't buy it because of the associated prestige or perceived luxury. I bought it because I liked the interior ad exterior packaging. I got mine with a sun roof and chrome wheels. Finished in tuxedo black, that thing looks SHARP!
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TstagAugust 15th, 2011 at 4:20 pm
Oh give up Ford, just buy a profitable premium car company with global sales like I dunno…. JLR? Oh wait…. I forgot Lincoln's a better bet…
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VanillaDudeAugust 15th, 2011 at 4:28 pm
Shut up and deliver.
When Ford builds a real Lincoln, it will sell. I don't think buyers will care if it is made from recycled top hats and canes, when the formula is right – success will follow.
And shut the hell up about "progressive luxury" buyers. This is no time for more marketer's belchings.
Just build the damn Lincolns.
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VanillaDudeAugust 16th, 2011 at 9:50 am
What the hell is wrong with Ford? Who runs Lincoln? How can they not know what Lincoln is supposed to be?
Today is THEIR market. Swag is cool. Mad Men is in. How could they have missed this opportunity? How the hell can they build a MKT? Do I have to tell them what their market is?
OK – I will, damn it!
Lincolns should be like black businessmen's suits. You need one when you are mature enough to know you need one. Their customer base exists. Lincoln's customer base should be mature men who know single malts, locker rooms, good cigars, leather soled shoes, real beer, steak, Frank Sinatra music and fatherhood. That market will not die anymore than any the items on that list.
Lincolns are cars for men. They should look like they are driven by a 55 year old self-made businessman. Powerful, athletic, trim, cufflinks, dark framed eyeglasses, and no BS. ALPHA MALE.
That market will not die. While it may have fallen out of fashion for a generation as Boomers chased their Peter Pan fantasies, there are new generations of men to satisfy with men's cars like real Lincolns.
Build them as masculine as the guys who drive them.
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geozingerAugust 15th, 2011 at 4:38 pm
What's sad is, most of the above comments could apply to Cadillac, too.
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npbheightsAugust 15th, 2011 at 4:42 pm
2 billion to FIAT, billions wasted on Saab, HUMMER, creating Saturn out of thin air to let Olds die and never turning a profit with it. Arguably not as blatant, but very true geozinger
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geozingerAugust 15th, 2011 at 4:49 pm
@npb: I was kind of riffing off of Vanilla Dude's comments right above mine, but basically he said: "When Ford builds a real Lincoln, it will sell."
I will paraphrase: When GM builds a real Cadillac, it will sell.
Both Ford and GM have had incredibly expensive distractions to the core business over the last 30-40 years, although the acquisitions in the 80's-90's were the most painful.
Cadillac is slightly further down the road than Lincoln, but I can't see my wealthy German cousin trading his MB for a Cadillac or Lincoln now or anytime in the near future.
Neither company builds a car (right now) that competes at that level.
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getacargetacheckAugust 15th, 2011 at 4:40 pm
One thing is certain: Mulally will not allow Lincoln to lose money. So, unless Lincoln goes international and gets Audi-like worldwide volume we can forget about getting an Audi-like luxury car. By necessity, the new Lincolns will continue to be Fords, as always, just with more exclusive (for a while) features and styling. Perhaps that will be enough to keep the lights on here in North America. Nothing new here.
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BryceAugust 15th, 2011 at 5:02 pm
Lincoln out side the US means ugly barge not luxury perhaps if Lincoln built a decent car just once it could have a chance but it never has and unlikely ever will.
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SinistermistermanAugust 15th, 2011 at 6:48 pm
Bryce – nobody outside of the US has any idea what a Lincoln 'is'. Even as a car enthusiast in the UK, until I moved to North America I had no real idea of what the brand represented #edit (I still don't) as they just don't exist on the road in the UK and Europe (and Asia and the Middle East… and well, everywhere outside of the US and Canada).
My only exposure to a review of a Lincoln, was a piss-take of a 1985 Town Car by Jeremy Clarkson. Referring to the ride: "If you can imagine sharing a waterbed with a baboon that's just been doused in itching powder, then and only then are you beginning to get the picture."
To your average car buyer in the UK, Lincoln is an old city with a lovely cathedral in the east Midlands – not a car brand.
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gottacookAugust 15th, 2011 at 4:52 pm
It's simply an absurdity to continue with the Lincoln marque as Ford has been doing. A fresh start requires what was done for the 1961 model year: Build an all-new Lincoln Continental – or perhaps simply Continental, as the Lincoln name is really rather musty – and forget about trying to offer cars as various as fancy-yet-economical FWD sedans and luxury SUVs. That's just silly, in part because such brands as Audi and Lexus already cover such a range and have carefully built their reputations as more than just tarted-up VWs and Toyotas, respectively.
Of course there would be no point in having stand-alone Lincoln dealers if only one car line were offered, but I doubt that more than a few stand-alone Lincoln dealers currently offering the full line of cars are profitable.
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getacargetacheckAugust 15th, 2011 at 5:00 pm
"Of course there would be no point in having stand-alone Lincoln dealers if only one car line were offered…"
Perhaps taking that line of thought to its logical conclusion means ditching Lincoln altogether and replacing it with another Ford "halo" car (maybe a Fusion-based 4-door coupe Thunderbird?)and more feature-packed trim levels for existing Ford lines (e.g., Fusion Limited). While they're at it, move the "Taurus" name back to the mid-size offering where it can compete with the Accord and Camry again. Then, rename the D3 sedan LTD.
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JellodyneAugust 16th, 2011 at 10:49 am
A Fusion-based halo car? Surely you jest. How about a stretched Mustang-based 4 door coupe? Call it the Ford Falcoln. Share engineering with the Aussie Falcoln or not, but regardless, you've got the basis for a real halo car in the current Mustang.
Actually, that's not a bad idea for a Lincoln, if you want to go Vanilla's 'Lincolns are for men' route — a Mustang 5.0 based MKZ.
Edit: Scrolling down I see I'm not the first to suggest this.
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SundownerAugust 15th, 2011 at 5:03 pm
Until Lincon comes up with something akin to an A4 or 3 series, they are not on my radar. Give me something that looks (And is) sporty, burns corners, goes from 0-60 in low 6 seconds, gets at least 31 mpg on the highway, and comes with AWD and a FREAKING STICK SHIFT. then we'll talk.
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PintoFanAugust 15th, 2011 at 6:38 pm
What you're asking for doesn't exist. Not yet, at least.
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August 15th, 2011 at 7:17 pm
Manual tranny in a luxury car, that's a LOL.
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MBellaAugust 15th, 2011 at 8:54 pm
The aforementioned 3 Series and A4 do, as well a C-Class, Lexus IS, and CTS. The Lincoln LS offered it as an option too.
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VanillaDudeAugust 16th, 2011 at 9:31 am
Until Lincon comes up with something akin to an A4 or 3 series, they are not on my radar.
Good. The problem was, Ford thought they should attempt to do just that – and they should not.
What you are describing is NOT a Lincoln. You are describing a damn Audi and a damn BMW. I want a LINCOLN.
If someone wants a damn Audi, then they should buy a damn Audi. The folks in overseas market can do the same. What they do not have are LINCOLNS.
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MrWhopeeAugust 15th, 2011 at 6:27 pm
Not buying it. Talk is cheap. Proof is in the pudding…er, product. Right now it simply sounds like this Kuzak guy's just daydreaming a pie in the sky, after he's been smoking something good. "Progressive Luxury"? Either it's a marketing speak, or if these consumers do exist, it'll be cold in hell before they consider Lincolns. But then again, the proof is in the product. Who would've bought cars like the Hyundai Genesis a few years ago anyway? If they somehow managed to build it, people might (and just might) buy it. Given their track record, though, I wouldn't bet on it.
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APaGttHAugust 15th, 2011 at 6:36 pm
Dead brand walking!
We have a dead brand walking the mile! Walking the green mile!
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Pch101August 15th, 2011 at 6:37 pm
As a brand, Lincoln has little traction in the US, and virtually no traction anywhere else. For it to sell enough cars at high enough prices in order to profitable, it would have to expand into world markets, something that it has little to no chance of doing.
If I were at Ford, I would starve Lincoln until the dealer network went away. Instead of wasting resources on Lincoln, I'd develop some near-luxury platforms that all carry a Ford badge and that could be sold in more than one market, accepting the fact that S-class territory will never be reached with that label. Trick out and globalize the Ford Falcon and turn it into a 3/5-series competitor on a budget, for example.
Ford had its chance with Jaguar and it couldn't make that succeed. The odds with Lincoln are even lower.
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MadHungarianAugust 15th, 2011 at 11:26 pm
I recall seeing somewhere that the Falcon has become such an Oz-only item that re-engineering it for LHD would be cost prohibitive.
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outback_uteAugust 17th, 2011 at 3:31 am
The current model is engineering-protected for LHD – they just need to flick the switch to start making LHD steering & dashboard etc. The guys at Ford Australia have been fighting to do LHD for example for middle-east export markets as GM did, but were always denied by head office.
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evanAugust 15th, 2011 at 6:49 pm
Wow, that's a pretty good dissection of the PR nonsense that issues from most major car companies. The more I read about marketing execs trying to attach their purely fictional product to an established brand, the more I know they in fact 'don't get it'.
I love that they use the word 'boutique' to describe their positioning and actually think that neighbors would be incredibly impressed to see a new – gasp – Lincoln in someone's driveway! (But of course, Lincoln doesn't want to just trade on their amazing prestige… yeah, uh huh)
This from the same company that made this junk http://www.automedia.com/New_Cars/lincoln_navigator-l_2011_photos_SUV_Exterior_1-Front-Left.jpg
I occassionally have faith in Ford's professional culture, but this is pure drivel.
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August 15th, 2011 at 6:55 pm
Button shifters were stupid in Aston-Martins and they will be stupid in a Lincoln.
Neither Ford nor Cadillac will commit to a real big power car because some twit says the Escalade is too much.
RIP Lincoln.
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tced2August 15th, 2011 at 7:53 pm
Nearly all automatic transmission Chryslers in the 50's and 60's had pushbutton gear selectors. (My father had a '57 Plymouth with pushbuttons to the left of the steering wheel). The public endured them but didn't really "like" them. Admittedly, the Chrysler buttons were mechanical and some "new" things could be done with electronic buttons but would this really convince you to buy a Lincoln?
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NulloModoAugust 15th, 2011 at 8:33 pm
I'm glad that Ford dumped JLR in favor of reviving Lincoln. As an American company Ford should consider it its duty to hold the flame for an American brand rich in history like Lincoln. A lack of national pride is one of the greatest problems facing the US right now. Patriotism almost has negative overtones to many people who automatically associate American Pride with redneck 'Muricans who hate them furiners. There is a place for being proud of your country and the accomplishments and history of your country in this increasingly global world. We should be planning on putting the worlds tallest buildings, longest bridges, most sought-after vacation destinations, and most advanced communications and data infrastructures back on American soil. We need dedication, faith in our abilities, and perseverance to regain our position as the beacon of success and shining example of hope and a better life that the rest of the world tries to emulate. Those with no faith who would rather we give up because we don't build a luxury car quite as good as the Germans yet, or who think we should pass the torch of world leader to China, are a cancer in our society.
International sales aren't important right now. Lincoln needs to regain its glory in its home market before worrying about taking over the world. Hyundai and Kia used to be unknowns and jokes in the US market, but look how far they've come. Lincoln can move into overseas markets when the US sales are clicking along and the new products have had a chance to evolve.
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Silvy_nonsenseAugust 15th, 2011 at 9:43 pm
"International sales aren't important right now."
I feel that you are dead wrong on that point. Ford and GM's futures lie overseas. The U.S. will always be important, but ignoring foreign markets, especially the BRIC countries, would be a fatal error. Waiting around for things to "click" in the U.S. before heading into overseas markets just isn't a realistic strategy.
Ford and GM are global concerns – both companies need to be moving forward in all markets simultaneously. For Lincoln to become a viable brand with really interesting products, its going to have to produce products that are desirable to customers on several continents.
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NulloModoAugust 15th, 2011 at 10:07 pm
Eventually overseas markets will be important – but you can't run before you can walk. China has something of a luxury car addiction at the moment, but the Chinese economy could bust as quickly as it's booming. Russia seems to have a significant market for luxury vehicles, but I don't think there is much going on in Brazil or India in the high end segment yet.
The next step for Lincoln in the US is growing away from near-Ford copies to something more like what Audi does compared to VW – platforms are shared, but sheetmetal, interiors, and to a certain degree powertrains are unique. Once Lincoln has enough credibility re-established in the US through that approach it will be time to bring out some dedicated Lincoln platforms to directly compete with the big Bimmers and Mercs. Once the US sales are strong enough and Lincoln has good momentum it will be time to establish it in foreign markets. If the brand is popular and a status symbol in the US, it can be overseas as well. When music industry and Hollywood stars are seen in Lincolns, and Lincolns are shown as the car to have in blockbuster movies, the desire to own one and emulate US pop culture will spread.
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SilverHawkAugust 15th, 2011 at 9:00 pm
Kuzak sees a relationship between Ford & Lincoln that mirrors that between Honda & Acura. Lincoln would be an industrial Art Deco alternative to mainstream Ford products. If it's done convincingly, it might be enough to keep the brand moving forward in the short term.
In the long term, a major investment will have to be made to realistically position the brand in the market place. To keep the brand, Ford will have to be brought, kicking & screaming, to the point where they willingly make that investment.
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SpartanAugust 15th, 2011 at 9:44 pm
How to fix Lincoln for Dummies, quickly.
Take Mustang platform, refine for luxury duty
Build a 2 door and 4 door luxury sport sedan. V6/V8 engines. 8AT/6MT Transmissions. Competes with G37/3er/ATS.
Build a 4 door mid/large sedan on said platform to compete with the 5er/E Class/Infiniti M. V6/V8 engines. Best in class….something
Start with that. It's worked for Nissan. Infiniti is doing a helluva lot better than Lincoln. Ford has the tools to use this same formula!
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Type57SCAugust 15th, 2011 at 10:03 pm
the ol' McNamara trick. That could be interesting to take the next mustang, stretch it for 4d and give it suicide doors with some cool lights
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DenverMikeAugust 15th, 2011 at 11:32 pm
Not sure you have to stretch the Mustang's platform. M3 coupe/sedan come to mind. Now the suicide door thing… Hmmm.
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NulloModoAugust 15th, 2011 at 10:08 pm
I don't know how well Infiniti does in Japan or other markets abroad, but in the US, while certain models do command higher prices thank equivalent Lincolns, the overall sales volume is very close.
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ConslawAugust 15th, 2011 at 10:53 pm
I emailed a dealer to see if they had a (well-publicized) MKZ hybrid. "No. No hybrids, but do you want to drive a regular MKZ?"
Since they culled the only dealership that was within a half hour drive of me, no, no I don't.
Come to think of it, the only Ford dealership within a half hour of my office closed too. The Dodge dealership is gone too. The Chevy dealer is still hanging in there, though.
I still am skeptical of the dealer culling philosophy. I'm not going to buy a car if there's no convenient place to get it serviced.
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MadHungarianAugust 15th, 2011 at 11:22 pm
I'm surprised that no one else has said it yet. Lincoln needs a unique platform. Ok. There's this certain platform that Ford isn't using any more, which could be used to produce a grand luxury car like no other, if Dearborn would just put some money into it instead of letting it die . . Dare we utter its name . . . .
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Z71_SilvyAugust 15th, 2011 at 11:29 pm
Lincoln is a laughing stock in the automotive world today and that honor isn't going away anytime soon.
Ford has already announced that they are dumping $1 billion into Lincoln (non-existent) revival. That, spread across seven "new or refreshed models", means that Ford is not serious about taking Lincoln from what it is now (A trim level on a mediocre Ford that doesn't even compete with Buick) to a legit luxury player.
$1 billion *MAY* be enough to turn the Lincoln Taurus into something worth buying…$1 billion *MAY* be enough to turn the Lincoln Edge into something worth buying, but it's not NEAR enough for the whole brand.
Ford is incapable of turning Lincoln around. They should focus on making the Ford brand worth talking about rather than rehashing the same, old tired designs for a near-luxury "brand" that doesn't stand a chance against brands like Buick, etc.
Oh…and the stupid, nonsensical, alphabet soup naming scheme needs to go as well. It just confuses the consumer…all 3 of them.
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OldandSlowAugust 16th, 2011 at 11:06 am
[i]"Oh…and the stupid, nonsensical, alphabet soup naming scheme needs to go as well. It just confuses the consumer…all 3 of them."[/i]
Truthfully – if someone else was paying for it, I'd much rather have a CTS wagon instead of a SRX. Alphabet soup, anyone?
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otakuAugust 16th, 2011 at 1:24 am
"Oh…and the stupid, nonsensical, alphabet soup naming scheme needs to go as well."
I think the same sentiment could apply to your choice of username.
Personally, I wouldn't mind if some of the old Lincoln model names (Continental, Zephyr, Versailles, Town Car, etc.) made a comeback.
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August 16th, 2011 at 1:40 am
Lincoln should be the American Lexus/MB
Mercury should have been the American Audi/Acura.
Unless Lincoln hires someone the caliber of Peter Schreyer or better, all their prospects are a joke.
The same old crap designs are just not going to cut it when so many other cars, including Kias and Hyundais are miles better looking.
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UbermenschAugust 16th, 2011 at 9:01 am
The biggest problem for Lincoln is their customer base is literally dying off. Until they can build something that will bring some youth back into the showroom, sales will continue to shrink.
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WaftableTorqueAugust 16th, 2011 at 7:10 pm
I'll try my hand at marketing for Lincoln. Let's target the following niches…
"Regressive luxury" – cars using outdated platforms, inefficient thrashy V8s, mediocre interior room relative to exterior dimensions, American design touches like plastic chrome, and a soft ride that isn't sophisticated enough to prevent crashing over potholes. I.e. Don't change a thing.
"Old geezer luxury" – we've discovered that people under 30 have less money than 60 and 70 year olds. We could start designing a car that appeals to youth, but then we'd have to compete against BMW, Audi, and even Lexus. We don't have that kind of money to spend, and we can't bother thinking 20 years from now. Fortunately, corporate history is behind us. I.e. Don't change a thing.
"Everything's-a-brand luxury" – we want to be the next Apple and Google. We're going to do it because they're powerful brands, and Lincoln was a powerful brand. We were the number One brand in 1998, remember? The MKS is a brand. The MKZ is a brand. The MKT is a brand. Let's start marketing our cars like soap, cleansers, and makeup. Never mind that a pallet of soap that sells for $2000 probably cost $100 to make and $1500 to market, we'll make up for it in volume rather than increase profitability. I read somewhere that no car company can survive on less than 5 million units anyway. I.e. Don't change a thing.
That was easy. Where's my bonus?
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Andy DAugust 16th, 2011 at 7:43 pm
As a 60 yr old, I suffer from Town Car envy A real car has RWD . Wrong wheel drive is fine for appliances. Not real cars
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MandalorianAugust 16th, 2011 at 10:54 pm
How about standard V8s across the line. No more V6s, and for goodness sake, PUT THE COYOTE 5.0 IN THE NAVIGATOR.
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NulloModoAugust 17th, 2011 at 12:18 am
With Cafe that will never happen. MB, BMW, Lexus, Audi, etc, all offer V6 options, and in fact the move has been to replace V8s with forced induction 6s.
With the power of the EcoBoost 3.5, you don't need a V8, though offering the 5.0 and 6.2 liter V8s in large SUVs makes some sense.
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ajlaAugust 17th, 2011 at 12:40 am
MB, BMW, Lexus, and Audi also all offer vehicles with V8s, V10s, and V12s. Even Hyundai offers a V8 executive car now.
With all of its current high-MPG stuff, I'm guessing Ford could survive the CAFE hit created by having a few V8 Lincolns.
The output of the EB 3.5L might mean you don't need a V8, but that doesn't mean a certain type of luxury buyer won't want the option. Why abandon that market? There is a reason Ford put the 5.0L under the Mustang's hood instead of a blown 6.
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MandalorianAugust 17th, 2011 at 2:22 am
"MB, BMW, Lexus, Audi, etc, all offer V6s"
Maybe that is the best reason Lincoln SHOULD be all V8, to be different and stand out from the pack, hasn't that been their problem?
Lack of recognition? The V8 is the symbol of everything that is RIGHT with American Luxury Cars, trying to be Lexus or BMW is NOT.
Lincoln shouldn't be best in class, they should CREATE the class.
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No Totti or Mancini but Mourinho wary of Roma threat
MILAN, August 23 (Supercoppa) - Internazionale coach Jose Mourinho does not believe Roma, his team's opponents in Sunday's Italian Supercoppa, will be affected by the loss of Francesco Totti - but insists they will miss former winger Mancini. The Brazilian winger became Mourinho's first signing at Inter when he made the switch from the Italian capital to the San Siro for 13 million euros in July. He was one of Roma's best players last season, as the Giallorossi pushed Inter all the way in the race for the Scudetto and beat the Nerazzurri in the final of the Coppa Italia. Roma captain Totti, who is yet to recover following knee surgery in April, is likely to sit out the game despite being named in the squad. But Mourinho believes the loss of Mancini is what will hurt Roma the most. 'Totti is a fantastic player, but things won't change much just because he can't be there from the first minute (of the season),' he told a press conference on Saturday. 'Roma have been working for many years with the same squad, it is not a drama if they lose a single player. Also, last year they were in the race for the Scudetto until the last day. 'But football is all about titles, if it wasn't that way we would be in the garden playing with the children. And the title was won by Inter, even if Roma were stronger in the cup. 'Today, however, I told my team today that Roma are not the same without Mancini.' The rivalry between Roma and Inter has grown over the past season as the capital club have emerged as the main rivals to the Milan side's recent dominance of Italian football. While the Supercoppa may not be the most prestigious title the two sides will compete for this season, Mourinho insists he is keen to win a hat-trick of trophies. 'The Supercoppa is obviously not the Champions League final, nor is it the final of a national cup, but it's a beautiful game to play,' he said. 'I've won it in Portugal and in England, and I lost it in England too, and if possible I want to win this one at the first time of asking.' Roma come into the game following a difficult week for the club. As well as missing their captain, the Serie A runners-up go into the game still shaken by the death of club president Franco Sensi last Sunday. The club's longest serving - and most successful - president had been unwell for a long period and had spent the past few weeks in the Gemelli Polyclinic Hospital in Rome undergoing treatment for respiratory problems. New signing Julio Baptista, who joined the capital club five days before the president passed away, never met Sensi. However he still believes a win over Inter would be a fitting tribute. 'With determination we will win for Sensi,' he said. 'The passing away of a person like him is a always sad situation. I hope that the team wins to make him happy. 'He will be watching us. And I am ready.'
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Nigeria uses Ebola Alert App
- Published by Ozgur Tore
Health workers in Nigeria are monitoring suspected cases of Ebola with mobile phones and an Android app that cut the time it took to report the onset of symptoms.
The app and most of the phones were provided by eHealth & Information Systems Nigeria, a Santa Ana, California-based non-profit research company that operates in the northern city of Kano. Ebola Alert, a group of volunteers, used Facebook and Twitter to educate Nigerians about the illness. Google Inc. (GOOG)'s Nigerian unit organized training sessions for journalists on how to use Google Trends to identify top questions most people wanted answered about the disease.
The phone app helped reduce reporting times that would normally take 12 hours by half initially, then 75 percent, before becoming almost real time, according to Daniel Tom-Aba, senior data manager at the Ebola Emergency Operation Centre in Lagos. Information previously written on forms by hand before being sent to databases could be updated immediately, he said.
eHealth is exporting its app-loaded mobile phones and other tech-based tools to Sierra Leone, Guinea and Liberia, the three worst-hit countries in West Africa.
Source: Bloomberg


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Tampa Bay Lightning
Islanders hand Bolts fifth straight loss
UNIONDALE, N.Y. - The Lightning's funk struck five. A 5-1 loss to the New York Islanders on Tuesday in front of an announced crowd of 9,486 at Nassau Coliseum has Tampa Bay mired in a five-game losing streak, its longest since Guy Boucher took over as head coach last season. Mathieu Garon gave up all five goals on 34 shots, but he could hardly be faulted for slamming his stick across the crossbar when New York scored its fifth goal. That came after a missed poke check resulted in a 2-on-0 before Matt Moulson slipped a wrist shot past Garon for a power-play goal with 2:25 left in the game. The five consecutive losses in regulation, during which the Lightning have been outscored 20-8, is also the longest stretch since March 14-20, 2010. The Islanders, 4-0-1 in their past five games, pulled within one point of Tampa Bay for 13th place in the Eastern Conference standings."We're pretty down,'' Lightning alternate captain Marty St. Louis said. "It's tough when you are in a spiral down like this.'' The spiral downward on Tuesday came quickly, too, even after St. Louis scored 6:55 into the game for his 800th career NHL point to give Tampa Bay the lead. After that, it was all downhill as the Islanders scored three times in the final six minutes of the first period, including one with 5.5 seconds left to take advantage of a downtrodden Lightning squad coming off a tough loss Monday night in Ottawa. "We are a fragile team right now, and we were fine, up a goal and things were going good,'' St. Louis said. "Then they score, then we just collapsed and it was just a beating after that.'' The Islanders, the lowest-scoring team in the Eastern Conference coming in and averaging 2.2 goals per game, skated circles around Tampa Bay for good portions of the night. A streaking John Tavares came off the bench for an open shot to tie the game at 14:01, Matt Martin beat Matt Gilroy to the front of the net for a tap-in goal at 18:26 and a tic-tac-toe play was finished off by Milan Jurcina for a power-play goal with 5.5 seconds left in the first period. "We have a lot of work to do in our defensive zone,'' defenseman Brett Clark said. "It killed us again tonight. We get the lead, we give up three quick goals and that turned the whole momentum. We kept battling to the end, but it wasn't enough.'' Unlike the previous four losses during the current streak, the Lightning didn't put forth a strong enough effort to have a chance Tuesday. Whether it was the early-morning arrival after leaving Ottawa and being diverted to a different airport due to fog, or just a hungrier Islanders team, Tampa Bay did not look like a team trying to turn its fortunes around. "This one is a horrible one compared to the other ones,'' Boucher said. "The other games, we were playing great and deserved wins. This one was different and it's very simple, it was a back-to-back and when the guys get to bed at 4 in the morning, that's exactly what we look like.'' The trick is trying to get back to what the team needs to look like in order to stop the spiraling before it gets out of control. "You scratch your head and you look for answers and recipes,'' St. Louis said. "But all you have to do is go play, play the game, play the score at time, play the clock at time. You don't just throw the sticks in the middle and go play. Our awareness hasn't been there at key times of the game.''
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text: (Photo courtesy of MCSPCA) [ Her Babies Are Gone and Now She Needs a Home By Liz Jeressi November 14, 2013 Our Point Pet of the Week is still waiting at the Monmouth County SPCA for her 'forever home'. Read More Category: Articles, Charities, Community, Lifestyle, Pet Of The Week Tags: Mommy Dog's Puppies Adopted, Monmouth County SPCA, Now She Needs a Home, Point Pet of the Week, This Dog Has Spend 18 Months in a Shelter Send to a friend! Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Pin it! Reddit This! Share on Tumblr!


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There is no need for the United Kingdom to curtail the operation of its nuclear power power stations in the wake of the situation at Japan's Fukushima-1 facility, nor should it change its plans for new nuclear plants. So says an interim report from the U.K.'s chief inspector of nuclear installations, Mike Weightman. The main arguments that Weightman offers for his conclusions are the unlikelihood of similar seismic activity in the United Kingdom—it is 1000 miles from the edge of a tectonic plate—and the fact that all of its 19 reactors are of a different design from those at Fukushima. He has made 26 recommendations to ensure that any relevant lessons are learned from Japan's experience. Weightman's conclusions differ markedly, however, from those of other countries such as Germany, where an ethics panel has recommended shutting all plants by 2021, Italy, where new plant construction is on indefinite hold, and the United States, where the Nuclear Regulatory Commission has deemed it too early to make any firm conclusions.
The U.K. government ordered a review the country's nuclear policies in the days following March's disastrous earthquake. A full report is due in September, but Weightman was tasked with presenting interim findings in May so that other authorities can react to them.
In his report, Weightman pointed out that the magnitude-9 earthquake and subsequent 14-meter tsunami inflicted on Japan are "far beyond the most extreme natural events that the U.K. would be expected to experience."
But bearing in mind the impact on the Fukushima plant of flooding and the loss of grid power, the report's recommendations include reviews by the nuclear industry of their facilities' resilience to flooding and reliance on off-site infrastructure (i.e. grid power).
At Fukushima, the fact that so many reactors on the same site were in a dangerous condition caused huge problems for emergency staff. U.K. plans for new nuclear plants all involve sitting them at existing nuclear facilities. Weightman recommended that the safety case for new nuclear plants should demonstrate the ability to deal with multiple serious events. The report also recommends reviews of emergency response procedures and training, bearing in mind the extended length of time it is taking to get the Fukushima plant back under control.
None of Britain's reactors are of the boiling water design (BWR) used at Fukushima. One plant (Sizewell B in Suffolk) is a pressurized water reactor but it is much more modern, having been completed in 1995, and Weightman declares it "one of the most advanced PWRs operating in the world." The rest of the country's reactors are gas-cooled. The report points out that the cores of such reactors have a lower power density and higher heat capacity, so following a loss of coolant they react much more slowly than BWRs, giving operators more time to get the situation under control. In addition, without water as a coolant, they do not produce explosive hydrogen gas when they overheat.


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Lets face it,men can be dogs and wouldn't care less about hurting women's feelings.
However one unidentified male who was dating a certain lady only identified as Vimbai will regret the day he decided to leave 'half way through the job'.
The male seems to have freaked out after seeing the strange medicine belt on Vimbai's waist, Vimbai then curses him for not finishing what he started and declares that until he comes back and bonks her,he will have a permanent er_ection.
Below are the whatsapp chats and an alleged pic of Vimbai's waist.
Here is the scary part…


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Orochimaru's cursed marks
I was wondering, since Jugo transformations was brought about by absorbing natural energy, does that mean everyone who recieved a cursed mark was able to draw in natural energy as well? After all, the cursed mark was made from studying Jugo, right? (Shadoguardian (talk) 02:25, March 23, 2012 (UTC))
Its a possibility but at the same time at the moment speculation. --Zenryoku90 (talk) 08:00, March 23, 2012 (UTC)
They use the seals, it's been said that the technique functions by absorbing natural energy, and the technique makes them more physically powerful. Seems like a good deduction. We really have to wait EXPLICITLY until the Fourth Databook comes out to use that deduction? We can accept that "Amaterasu is hotter than the sun" because the author "says so" in an aside, but we can't conclude that a technique "functions using this type of energy" based off of what's already been said and that it actually makes sense? Eugar (talk) 05:04, February 26, 2013 (UTC)
Shouldn't the image of Naruto gathering natural energy be added? Skitts (talk) 02:48, March 26, 2012 (UTC)
I agree with you Salil dabholkar (talk) 16:08, March 26, 2012 (UTC)
I added the image by the way. Skitts (talk) 07:31, March 27, 2012 (UTC)
Why was the Humid Bone Forest or whatever removed as a location to learn Senjutsu at? o.o Skitts (talk) 17:49, April 13, 2012 (UTC)
- Because we were not actually told that. Omnibender - Talk - Contributions 00:58, April 14, 2012 (UTC)
Natural energy?
Can someone please EXPLAIN to me if ordinary shinobi, sensor types or dojutsu users cannot sense natural energy, does that mean they cannot sense the senjutsu chakra it creates either? And as for Jugo's transformation and curse mark users, since they both work the same way, taking away anothers chakra and replacing it with natural energy, why they aren't able to sense natural energy or senjutsu chakra? Narutofan92 (talk) 13:06, May 8, 2015 (UTC)
I guess any sensor or dojutsu user will sense the normal chakra of a sage, but not the third component that has been added to the mix of their physical and mental energy - natural energy. So they won't be able to tell if somebody is using Senjutsu unless there are physical traits of a sage mode. As for Jugo and Cursed Seal bearers, theirs is an unconscious - and therefore mostly uncontrolled - process of their body intaking natural energy, so they won't be sensing the natural energy either (or influence it in any way), only the bodily changes the energy causes. --Transcendency (talk) 20:43, October 10, 2015 (UTC)
Natural Energy and Yellow Irides
Is it worth mentioning, that most of the people that utilises Natural Energy gains yellow irides? For example, all Sage Mode users and Curse Mode users have yellow irides. Georgio722 (talk) 04:38, September 12, 2017 (UTC)
- No. Omnibender - Talk - Contributions 15:50, September 12, 2017 (UTC)


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Denver, September, 15, 2000 — Qwest Communications International Inc. (NYSE: Q), the broadband Internet communications company, today announced it is ramping up the downstream speed of its Qwest DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) high-speed Internet access services from 256Kbps (Kilobytes per second) to 640Kbps, without an increase in price. Residential and business customers can now use the faster speeds to take better advantage of advanced broadband Internet applications such as streaming music and video, and for quicker downloads of complex Web pages and large files. By more than doubling the downstream speed, for example, Qwest DSL's entry-level service now enables customers to receive near full-motion video rates.
"The faster downstream speeds for Qwest DSL give customers a richer and more productive online experience, whether they're using the high-speed access to view video clips of breaking news, play interactive games, or connect to their company's network," said Shaun Gilmore, Qwest's executive vice president of communications services. "As our customers' bandwidth needs continue to evolve, we will enhance our services to meet those needs, such as today's delivery of faster speeds at industry-best pricing."
Qwest was the first company to broadly deploy DSL technology that keeps consumers and businesses continuously connected. By the end of this year, Qwest DSL will be offered to customers in 72 markets within the 14-state region where Qwest provides local phone service.
Qwest DSL technology provides customers:
- A continuous "always-on" digital connection, priced at $29.95. The company also offers an "on-demand" service for customers who don't require the "always-on" feature, available at an industry-leading price of $19.95.
- The ability to use the DSL line to talk on the phone or use a fax machine while simultaneously surfing the Internet.
- Downstream speeds from 640Kbps to 7Mbps (Megabytes per second) – or 250 times faster than traditional modems.
- Their own private link to the Internet – over their existing phone line, increasing security and reliability and eliminating traffic jams from sharing the access network with other users, as is the case with cable modems.
- A choice of numerous Internet service providers, including Qwest.
Individuals and businesses interested in Qwest DSL can call 866-640-5375, or log on to www.megaspeed.com for more information.
About Qwest
Qwest Communications International Inc. (NYSE: Q) is a leader in reliable, scalable and secure broadband Internet-based data, voice and image communications for businesses and consumers. The Qwest Macro Capacity® Fiber Network, designed with the newest optical networking equipment for speed and efficiency, spans more than 104,000 miles globally. For more information, please visit the Qwest web site at www.qwest.com.
This release may contain forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. These statements may differ materially from actual future events or results. Readers are referred to the documents filed by Qwest and U S WEST, Inc. with the Securities and Exchange Commission, specifically the most recent reports which identify important risk factors that could cause actual results to differ from those contained in the forward-looking statements, including potential fluctuations in quarterly results, dependence on new product development, rapid technological and market change, failure to maintain rights of way, financial risk management and future growth subject to risks, adverse changes in the regulatory or legislative environment, and failure to achieve the synergies and financial results expected from the acquisition of U S WEST. This release may include analysts' estimates and other information prepared by third parties, for which Qwest assumes no responsibility. Qwest undertakes no obligation to review or confirm analysts' expectations or estimates or to release publicly any revisions to any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date hereof or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.
The Qwest logo is a registered trademark of, and CyberCenter is a service mark of, Qwest Communications International Inc. in the U.S. and certain other countries.
|Contact Information
Qwest Media Contact
Barry Hawkins
(303) 965-3235


text:
The UK's first Scientology wedding is set to go ahead after the Supreme Court ruled the church's chapels are "places of worship".
Scientologist Louisa Hodkin had wanted to marry her fiancé Alessando Calcioli at the church's London headquarters, and took her fight to the highest level after a High Court judge decided against her.
That decision has been overturned by five Supreme Court justices, who have been considering the case since a hearing in July and today ruled the Scientology church was a "place of meeting for religious worship".
Scientology was developed by the science-fiction writer L. Ron Hubbard, and sets out for its followers a "precise path to understanding one's spiritual nature".
Today, the Supreme Court justices ruled that the definition of a religion should not be confined to those faiths which involve a "supreme deity".
Written By: Adam Withnall
continue to source article at independent.co.uk


text:
A Study of Pentamidine in the Prevention of Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia
- Full Text View
- Tabular View
- No Study Results Posted
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
To evaluate and compare 3 anti-pneumocystis regimens plus zidovudine (AZT) in persons with advanced HIV disease and T4 cell count < 200 cells/mm3. To establish the range of pentamidine (PEN) deposition in AIDS patients participating in ACTG 021 and ACTG 081. To identify factors (breathing pattern, pulmonary function) that may be important in affecting the actual dose delivered to a given patient.
The specific system that is used to deliver PEN to the lungs may determine whether a therapeutically effective dose is attained in the lungs. Therefore, this study will establish the amount of PEN that is deposited in the lungs of patients enrolled in protocols ACTG 021 and ACTG 081, who are being treated with PEN administered from the Marquest Respirgard II nebulizer.
|Pneumonia, Pneumocystis Carinii HIV Infections
|Drug: Pentamidine isethionate Drug: Zidovudine
|Study Type:
|Study Design:
|Primary Purpose: Treatment
|Official Title:
|Aerosols in the Treatment of Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia: A Nested Study Quantitating the Delivery of Aerosolized Pentamidine for Prophylaxis of PCP in Protocols ACTG 021 and ACTG 081
|Estimated Enrollment:
|Study Completion Date:
|January 1992
The specific system that is used to deliver PEN to the lungs may determine whether a therapeutically effective dose is attained in the lungs. Therefore, this study will establish the amount of PEN that is deposited in the lungs of patients enrolled in protocols ACTG 021 and ACTG 081, who are being treated with PEN administered from the Marquest Respirgard II nebulizer.
Approximately 4 weeks after patients in ACTG 021 and ACTG 081 have begun PEN aerosol therapy for the prevention of PCP, patients undergo the first radioactive aerosol study. The patient inhales a mist while sitting with his/her back against a gamma camera. The resulting picture outlines the lungs. This mist contains a single dose of PEN mixed with a small amount of radioactivity (99m-technetium ertechnetate). The gamma camera determines where the particles deposit in the lungs. The radioactivity exposure is equivalent to a typical xray of the ribs. This procedure takes about 45 minutes; 6 hours later another 30-minute gamma camera image is obtained. Blood is withdrawn to measure the blood level of PEN as done in ACTG 021 and ACTG 081. The entire procedure is repeated near the end of the prophylactic schedule (about 10-12 months after the start of aerosol PEN treatments).
|Ages Eligible for Study:
|12 Years and older (Child, Adult, Senior)
|Sexes Eligible for Study:
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
Inclusion Criteria
Concurrent Treatment:
- Local radiation for Kaposi's sarcoma.
Patients who successfully completed a course of study therapy for acute Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) and who met the inclusion criteria for Protocol ACTG 021 or ACTG 081 and were randomized to the aerosolized pentamidine arm.
- Patients who are currently receiving aerosolized pentamidine as prophylactic therapy for PCP.
Exclusion Criteria
The following patients are excluded:
- Those enrolled in ACTG 021 and randomized to the oral prophylaxis arm.
- Those enrolled in ACTG 081 and randomized to the trimethoprim / sulfamethoxazole and dapsone arms.
Prior Treatment:
Excluded within 2 weeks of study entry:
- Transfusions of blood or red blood cells.
Co-Existing Condition:
- Significant adverse effects.
Active substance abuse.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00001003
|United States, New York
|SUNY - Stony Brook
|Stony Brook, New York, United States, 11794
|Study Chair:
|GC Smaldone
|Responsible Party:
|National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
|NCT00001003 History of Changes
|Other Study ID Numbers:
11054 ( Registry Identifier: DAIDS ES Registry Number )
|Study First Received:
|November 2, 1999
|Last Updated:
|March 28, 2012
Keywords provided by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID):
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections
Pneumonia, Pneumocystis carinii
Nebulizers and Vaporizers
Administration, Inhalation
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
HIV Infections
Pneumonia, Pneumocystis
Lentivirus Infections
Retroviridae Infections
RNA Virus Infections
Virus Diseases
Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes
Immune System Diseases
Lung Diseases
Respiratory Tract Diseases
Respiratory Tract Infections
Lung Diseases, Fungal
Pneumocystis Infections
Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action
Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors
Enzyme Inhibitors
Anti-Retroviral Agents
Antiviral Agents
Anti-Infective Agents
Anti-HIV Agents
Antifungal Agents
Antiprotozoal Agents
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on September 21, 2017


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Short-faced, or brachycephalic, dogs are particularly prone to this condition. This includes Pekingese, Pugs, Shih Tzus, Lhasa Apsos, Bulldogs and any other short-faced pooch. For these dogs, the condition can occur not only secondarily to trauma, but also occasionally from excessive restraint or pressure on their necks.
Proptosed eyes are much less common in cats, even brachycephalic breeds like Himalayans and Persians. Simply because of their conformation, cats who have proptosed eyes have generally sustained a great deal more trauma than their canine counterparts.
If you're thinking that a proptosed eye is a veterinary emergency, you're right. When the eye pops out of the socket, immediately the optic nerve is stretched. When the nerve fibers are stretched, they are damaged. Within 30 minutes, the nerve fibers begin to die, which inevitably results in blindness. In fact, only about 30% of patients with proptosed eyes retain vision in the affected eye.
If this unfortunate condition occurs in your pet, try to remain calm. Call your veterinarian to let them know that you are on your way, and keep the eyeball moist with saline or moist compresses – do not try to replace the eyeball yourself.
Once you've arrived, your veterinarian will assess your pet's condition. She will discuss the options for your pet, which will depend on when the accident occurred and the prognosis for retained vision. If there is no hope of saving the vision of the eye, your veterinarian may recommend enucleation, or removal of the eye.
For some owners, the thought of their furry family member without an eye, even with a blind eye, is very difficult to bear. But most pets can live perfectly happily with just one eye, after a period of adjustment.
If you are concerned about how your pet will look, your veterinarian can try to salvage the eye for cosmetic purposes only, replacing it back into the socket under anesthesia. However, this should only be performed for the most dedicated of owners, as the eye will need post-operative management that may last for the pet's lifetime.
Whether the replaced eye has vision or not, it is also more likely to develop other conditions over time. These conditions include keratitis (inflammation of the cornea), strabismus (crossed eyes) and glaucoma, all of which may require daily treatment. Having dog insurance from Petplan can help manage the costs of these conditions - as well as any pet health emergencies that may arise.
A proptosed eye is a true emergency. Not only is it a painful condition, but time is of the essence when attempting to retain vision. Though it can be shocking and scary to see your pet that way, your pet is counting on you to keep your cool – so they can keep their sight.
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text:
As of now we direct the secretary general of the Supreme Court to write to the registrar general of the Delhi High Court to take orders from the chief justice to nominate an officer from the Delhi Higher Judicial Service as special judge to deal with coal block allocation matters registered under the Indian Penal Code, Prevention of Corruption Act, Prevention of Money Laundering Act and other allied offences, the bench said.
The bench, comprising Justices MB Lokur and Kurian Joseph, also asked the CBI and other parties to persuade former solicitor general Gopal Subramanium to take up the special public prosecutor's job for conducting the trial proceedings. We want a person of impeccable integrity and with free legal mind, it said.
Meanwhile, the Centre in another batch of matters sought transfer of all cases related to cancellation of mining licences pending before different high courts to the apex court. The CJI's bench sought a reply from mining companies that had challenged the cancellation of their licences in various high courts.
The companies include Corporate Ispat Alloys, JWS Energy (Jindal Thermal Power), Bhushan Power and Steel, Sainik Mining and Allied Service, UltraTech Cement, Jharkhand State Mineral Development Corporation, Jayaswal Neco Industries and Bihar Sponge Iron, among others. According to the government, the petitions filed by these allocatees before different HCs involve substantial questions of general importance like the jurisdiction and power of the inter-ministerial group (IMG) to review the progress of development of coal blocks allotted, to recommend for de-allocation where substantial progress has not be made or to direct providing of bank guarantee, to invoke ba-nk guarantee as well as the decision to cancel licences based on IMG's recommendations.
It further said IMG took up 58 cases for review where show-cause notices were issued consequent to the recommendations by the review panel in January 2012. The firms had alleged violation of principles of natural justice and power to frame guidelines/criteria to be followed and power and jurisdiction to make such recommendations, the coal ministry stated.


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Benzene and Diseases of the Blood: Revisited (2006)
By Nachman Brautbar, M.D.
An etiologic association between benzene and diseases of the blood was shown more than 50 years ago, and has since been corroborated by epidemiologic studies, animal data, and by carcinogenic bioassays. Benzene is now considered, by national and international scientific and health organizations, to be a human carcinogen. The purpose of this review is to summarize the available information on benzene and its effects on the hematologic (blood) system (revisited from 1992 CWCE).
Industrial Production and Usage
Populations highly exposed to benzene are as follows: 1) workers engaged in its production, 2) workers engaged in chemical industries utilizing benzene, 3) workers in industries producing materials containing benzene, 4) workers utilizing or handling compounds containing benzene, 5) people living near factories producing or utilizing benzene, and 6) exposure to engine emissions and cigarette smoking. (Table 1 describes some of the industrial exposures to benzene).
Table 1. Potential Industrial Exposures to Benzene
The level of benzene allowed in the workplace varies from country to country. Until 1978, in the USA the OSHA standard for benzene was 10 parts per million (ppm) with an acceptable ceiling concentration of 25 ppm. OSHA's current standard for benzene exposure is 1 ppm with a 5 ppm ceiling limit for 15 minutes.
Following reports of toxicity, the use of benzene has been reduced significantly. However, Ringen et al.[1] and Holmberg et al.[2] noted that benzene exposure may still occur in industry and is detectable in workroom air in many industrial activities. Currently, the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists concluded that 0.5 ppm TLV/TWA is recommended as a regulatory, occupational level. The Collegium Ramazzini has recently recommended reducing levels of benzene exposure to the lowest possible level.[3]
Route of Human Exposure
Although benzene is relatively soluble in water, commonly the magnitude of human exposure via water is probably negligible (unless there is groundwater contamination from either industrial releases or underground storage tank deterioration causing leaks which in turn contaminates the drinking water). The respiratory route is commonly the primary source of human exposure to benzene. Much of this exposure to the general population is by way of gasoline vapors and automobile emissions. In industrialized areas and heavily congested areas, levels of 15 parts per billion (ppb) up to 57 ppb were described, while the average background levels have been reported to be 2.7 to 20 ppb.
Benzene is absorbed through the skin, but skin contact is infrequent for the non-working general population. While the skin route is probably an insignificant source of exposure for the general population, it has been shown as a significant route of exposure in the working population.[4]
Smoking may be a significant benzene exposure source for a portion of the population. Studies have described levels of benzene exposure in active smokers at the range of 7.2 to 17.8 ppb.[5]
In recent years, the relationship between benzene and smoking-induced hematopoietic malignancies has been solidified.[6] ,[7],[8],[9],[10],[11],[12],[13] Korte et al.[14] combined epidemiological data on the health effects of smoking with risk assessment techniques for low-dose extrapolation and assessed the proportion of smoking-induced total leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia attributable to benzene and cigarette smoke. This study was based on linear potency models (the conservative oriented version of a suggested non-linear method is not accepted with the major regulatory and scientific bodies). According to this study, benzene is estimated to be responsible for approximately one-tenth to one-half of smoking-induced total leukemia mortality and up to three-fifths of smoking related acute myeloid leukemia mortality. The paper by Korte et al. 13 lends support to the proposition that small amounts of benzene exposure renders the cellular detoxification system more sensitive to the cumulative exposure from benzene. Kasim et al.[15] has recently reported that active smoking was observed to be associated with a substantial increased risk of leukemia (odds ratio, OR = 1.5, 95% confidence interval, C.I. = 1.1 to 2.0). The International Agency for Research on Cancer's (IARC) 2004 monograph on cigarette smoking states that cigarette smoking causes leukemia, and that cigarettes contain sufficient quantity of the leukemogen benzene.[16] This is an important development in terms of leukemogenesis and low-level exposure to benzene. One pack of cigarettes a day for 20 years is equivalent to 15 ppb cumulative benzene exposure.[17] This relatively new recognition (of well known, old data) further supports benzene leukemogenicity at levels lower than 1 ppm and based on IARC 16, levels as low as 15 ppb.
Effects of Benzene on the Hematological System
Table 2. Benzene Exposure and Lymphohematopoietic Disorders
Benzene has been known as a hematologic poison since the nineteenth century when aplastic anemia in workers fabricating tires was described. Many other hematological diseases have since been reported to be the result of benzene exposure. Many of the hematological disorders related to benzene may not be dose-dependent as the mechanism of these diseases are yet not completely understood, although it is strongly believed that benzene carcinogenicity is mediated via immune suppression and DNA cell changes.
A. Myelodysplastic Syndrome:
Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) is a bone marrow diseases and is considered to be in a preleukemic stage. Several case reports, case studies, and epidemiological studies demonstrate that MDS is caused by benzene exposure at benzene exposure levels less than 10 ppm.[18],[19] It has been suggested that benzene-induced MDS is an early or predisposing event in the pathogenesis of benzene-induced hematologic diseases.[20] The list of studies describing MDS caused by benzene includes: Travis et al.[21], Linet et al.[22], and Ward et al.[23]
[Benzene and MDS Manuscript in Preparation]
B. Aplastic Anemia/Pancytopenia:
The induction time of aplastic anemia or thrombocytopenia in relation to exposure is of great interest. The following studies have been described: (1) A follow-up study of 125 workers in a shoe factory who were exposed to levels of 400 ppm of benzene, 9 years later noted some persistent cytopenias. One individual had developed acute leukemia and died. (2) Four individuals were reported to have persistent decrease in blood counts and one patient had died of aplastic anemia 9 years after cessation of exposure. (3) An outbreak of hematological toxicity in leather workers in 1975 was directly temporally related to the use of an adhesive containing benzene beginning in about 1960. (4) Thirty-two cases of significant aplastic anemia in people exposed to benzene for 4 months to 15 years were reported in the literature. Exposure levels ranging from 150 to 650 ppm were reported. (5) In another study, 51 of 217 apparently healthy workers were found to have some hematological abnormalities including 6 cases of pancytopenia. These workers are described as having been exposed to 30 to 210 ppm benzene for as short as 3 months to 17 years.
This data indicates that aplastic anemia and thrombocytopenia in relation to benzene exposure may develop as early as several months.
C. Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia:
The medical literature is replete with cases of acute myeloblastic leukemia in which benzene exposure has been shown as the causative agent. The relatively common description of aplastic anemia associated with benzene exposure followed through a pre-leukemic phase into acute leukemia further supports the concept that the bone marrow toxicity of benzene encompasses a wide spectrum of diseases presenting as anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukemia, or the other hematological diseases described in Table 2.
A published study in the New England Journal of Medicine, by Rinsky et al.[24] quantitatively assessed the relation between benzene exposure and leukemia and examined the mortality rate of cohort with occupational exposure to benzene. Their findings are summarized in the following statements: (1) There is a strong positive exposure response relation between benzene and leukemia. (2) On the basis of their study, they conclude that exposure levels of less than 1 ppm annually, cumulative over a 40-year working lifetime increases the risk of leukemia by a factor of 1.7. (3) In the population studied, there was a statistically significant excess of death from multiple myeloma (multiple myeloma is another hematological cancer, of plasma cells). Of interest in this study is a description of a patient who died from leukemia 34 years after his exposure to benzene levels of 19.56 ppm over the years. Multiple myeloma, the cause of death in four members in this study, was described previously in relation to benzene, although in small numbers. Furthermore, it is of interest that these patients have a very long latency period from the time of exposure of over 20 years, and the lowest cumulative exposure of 40 ppm years. This paper also demonstrates a latency as short as 1 year.
D. Lymphoma and Lymphatic System:
E. Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Several lines of evidence demonstrate that benzene causes non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Italian investigators (Costantini et al.) presented a paper at the April 2005 American Association of Cancer Research. For benzene exposures of 15 years duration, researchers showed a significant excess risk for NHL and demonstrated a dose-response relationship when considering NHL subtypes.[28] In 2004, Scandinavian researchers reported the results of a case-control study for NHL and occupational exposures.[29] Risk of NHL was significantly increased for exposure to gasoline, oil products, and solvents.
F. Safety and Policy:
G. Levels of Exposure & Risk Assessment:
The concept of cumulative benzene exposure for the working population must be well understood before one can address levels of exposure. Studies by Hayes, et al, from the National Institute of Health17 provide extensive data on benzene exposure and hematological cancers. They clearly show that diverse hematopoietic malignancies can develop at benzene exposure levels of less than 10 ppm. The issues of exposure levels has been summarized in a recent paper by Melman[33] and are revisited in the manuscript (in-press) entitled, "Leukaemia and low level benzene concentration: revisited".[34]
It is also important to remember that although many of the material safety data sheets of industrial solvents do not indicate the presence of benzene, the testimony in front of OSHA and the scientific papers published in that regards clearly indicate that industrial solvents contain benzene and cannot be produced without benzene contamination.[35], [36] The recent papers by Mehlman 33 and Kopstein[37] further detail the sources of benzene in industrial solvents. Therefore in the analysis of risk or causation one must take into account the knowledge that industrial solvents cannot be produced without contamination with benzene, and therefore they contain benzene.35,36
Benzene exposure levels are rarely available for most workers, because few workers are monitored for benzene exposure. The scientific medical literature allows the physician to extrapolate from the symptomatology of exposure, such as the threshold odor recognition for benzene, 61-91 ppm,[38] and symptomatology of dizziness, which is extrapolated to levels of 300 ppm.[39] This methodology has also been accepted by the U.S. Courts[40], [41] Therefore it is imperative that the examining physician take a good history of exposure and look for odor recognition to extrapolate the levels of exposure and/or alternatively, symptoms of dizziness to extrapolate the levels of exposure. When history by the reporting physicians cannot be obtained, relying on depositions, job analysis and industrial hygienist assessment are acceptable.
H. Low Level Exposure to Benzene and Leukemia:
[Manuscript in preparation.]
I. Genetic Studies and Markers and Chromosomal Change:
A patient who developed aplastic anemia after exposure to benzene, was shown to have significant chromatoid fragments.[42] A cytogenic study which was carried out later,[43] on a patient who developed leukemia after 22 years of continuous exposure to a high concentration of benzene, showed that later in the process there were changes in 47 chromosomes in the bone marrow. Sellyei et al.[44] studied patients who developed pancytopenia after having been exposed for 18 months to benzene. Significant chromosomal changes were detected even 7 years after remission from the anemia and the presentation of leukemia. In line with these changes, Forni et al.[45] have studied 25 subjects with a history of hematopoietic abnormalities and benzene exposure, and compared these to 25 matched controls. They have shown that 18 years after clinical and hematological symptoms chromosomal aberrations were increased as compared to the control group. In 1965, Tough et al.[46] have studied chromosomes of workers exposed to benzene for periods varying from 1 to 18 years. They have also shown a small but significant increase in chromosomal changes compared to a control group. These same investigators looked at workers exposed to benzene levels from 25 to 120 ppm, and found that they had significant chromosomal aberrations as compared to the normal population (which has a general background exposure to benzene levels). Hartwich et al.[47] looked at 9 healthy refinery workers who were exposed to low levels of benzene, and also found significantly increased chromosomal changes compared to the control group. The National Research Council Advisory Center and Toxicology Study[48] concluded that a close correlation between occupational exposure to benzene and persistence of chromosomal aberrations can be considered only when there is an association between benzene induced hematopoietic disease and chromosomal aberrations, however, the absence of chromosomal changes, cannot be a determinant in the temporal relationship between exposure to benzene and hematopoietic diseases.
While it is true that these findings are in agreement with previous studies[49] they still could not explain the 43% of the patients who were not exposed, and still had abnormal chromosomal changes. This is a very important observation, since some investigators in the field claim that the Absence of chromosomal changes in benzene exposed individuals negates the clinical causative diagnosis of benzene induced hematopoietic disease. Essentially, all of the studies show that benzene can cause chromosomal changes, but does not cause perceptible changes in all patients, and the absence of visible chromosomal changes cannot and does not rule out the exposure to benzene as a causative factor. This is so because genetic point mutations and other types of changes are not observable using the standard cytogenetic banding techniques or even more sophisticated techniques such as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), spectral karyotyping (SKY) or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. Indeed, the courts have considered this issue and concluded that the genetic-chromosomal changes are not the equivalent of fingerprints of benzene exposure.[50] The recent study by Zhang et al.[51] has examined chromosomal changes as a result of exposure to chemicals, such as benzene. Some leukemias have more typical chromosomal changes than others, but not all leukemias have typical chromosomal changes detected by ongoing research.
The most comprehensive study on the nature of chromosomal changes and benzene exposure has been published by Luoping Zhang in Critical Reviews in Toxicology.51 The essence of this study is that benzene causes changes in certain chromosomes in certain hematological diseases. The absence of chromosomal changes does not rule out benzene exposure and benzene as a cause for the hematopoietic malignancy.
[Manuscript in preparation.]
J. How to Make or Rule Out a Diagnosis of Benzene-Related Hematological Disease:
In summary, benzene is a hematological carcinogen based on both experimental animal studies[53] and human studies, as well as in vitro studies. While the precise mechanism of benzene carcinogenicity is not clear evidence that benzene metabolites damage DNA and chromofome, and in turn affects the stem cell: immature cell of the hematopoietic system which can in turn develop into any of the hematological cells originating from the bone marrow and the lymphatic system. Table 3 summarizes the information required for evaluation of industrial causation in hematological diseases of benzene.
[Manuscript in preparation.]
Table 3. Information Required in the Analysis of Benzene Exposure and Hematological Malignancies
[1] Ringen K & Addis P, Protecting Workers From Benzene Exposure. In: Mehlman MA, ed, Carcinogenicity and Toxicity of Benzene, Princeton, NJ, Princeton Scientific Publishing, 77-89, 1983
[2] Holmberg B & Lundberg P, Benzene Standards, Occurrence, and Exposure. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 7:373-383, 1985
[3] Collegium Ramazzini. 8th Collegium Ramazzini Statement. Call for a Reduction of Exposure to Benzene to the Lowest Possible Level. Bentivoglio, Italy: Collegium Ramazzini, 2004
[4] Kalnas J & Teitelbaum D, Dermal Absorption of Benzene: Implications for Work Practies and Regulations, International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health, 6:(2):114-121, April-June, 2000
[5] Institute for Environment and Health (IEH). IEH report on benzene in the environment (Report R12). Leicester, UK: MRC Institute for Environment and Health, 1999
[6] Besson H, et al, Smoking and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a case-control study in the Rhone-Alpes region of France. Cancer Causes and Control, 14(4):381-389, 2003
[7] Morton LM, et al. Cigarette smoking and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes among women. British Journal of Cancer, 89(11):2087-2092, 2003
[8] Morton LM, et al. Cigarette smoking and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a pooled analysis from the International Lymphoma Epidemiology Consortium (interlymph). Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, 14(4):925-933, 2005
[9] Talamini R, et al, Smoking and non-Hodgkin lymphoma: case-control study in Italy, International Journal of Cancer, 115(4):606-610, 2005
[10] Briggs NC, Cigarette smoking and risk of Hodgkin's disease: a population-based case-control study, American Journal of Epidemiology, 156(11):1011-1020, 2002
[11] Chang ET, et al, Heterogeneity of risk factors and antibody profiles in Epstein-Barr virus genome-positive and -negative hodgkin lymphoma, Journal of Infectious Diseases, 189(12):2271-2281, 2004
[12] Glaser SL, et al. Smoking and Hodgkin lymphoma risk in women United States. Cancer Causes and Control, 15(4):387-397, 2004
[13] Nieters A, et al, Tobacco and alcohol consumption and risk of lymphoma: results of a population-based case-control study in Germany, International Journal of Cancer,118(2):422-430, 2006
[14] Korte JE, et al, The Contribution of Benzene to Smoking-Induced Leukemia, Environmental Health Perspectives, 108(4):333-339, April, 2000
[15] Kasim K, et al, Lifestyle factors and the risk of adult leukemia in Canada. Cancer Causes and Control, 16:489-500, 2005
[16] International Agency for Research on Cancer. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Volume 83: Tobacco Smoke and Involuntary Smoking. Lyon, France: IARC Working Group, 2004
[17] National Industrial Chemicals Notification and Assessment Scheme (NICNAS). Benzene. Priority Existing Chemical Assessment Report No. 21. Commonwealth of Australia. September 2001
[18] Hayes RB, et al, Benzene and the Dose-Related Incidence of Hematologic Neoplasms in China, Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 89(14):1065-1071, July 16, 1997
[19] Hayes RB. Benzene and lymphohematopoietic malignancies in China. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. Part A, 61(5-6):419-432, 2000
[20] Irons RD, et al, Chronic exposure to benzene results in a unique form of dysplasia, Leukemia Research, 29(12):1371-1380, 2005
[21] Travis LB, et al, Hematopoietic malignancies and related disorders among benzene-exposed workers in China, Leukemia & Lymphoma, 14(1-2):91-102, 1994
[22] Linet MS, et al, Clinical features of hematopoietic malignancies and related disorders among benzene-exposed workers in China. Benzene Study Group, Environmental Health Perspectives, 104 Suppl 6:1353-1364, 1996
[23] Ward E, et al, Risk of low red or white blood cell count related to estimated benzene exposure in a rubberworker cohort (1940-1975), American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 29(3):247-257, 1996
[24] Rinsky RA, et al, Benzene and Leukemia: An Epidemiologic Risk Assessment, New England Journal of Medicine, 316:1044-1050, 1987
[25] NIOSH Revised Recommendation for an Occupational Exposure Standard for Benzene, Cincinnati, Ohio: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1976. (DHEW publication no. (NIOSH) 76-137-A)
[26] Wong O, An Industry Wide Mortality Study of Chemical Workers Occupationally Exposed to Benzene. I. General Results. British Journal of Industrial Medicine, 44:365-381, 1987
[27] Yin SN, et al, A Cohort Study of Cancer Among Benzene-Exposed Workers in China: Overall Results, American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 29:227-235, 1996
[28] Costantini AS, et al, Exposure to organic solvents and risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: evidence from the Italian case-control study on hematolymphopoietic malignancies. Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research, 46:Abstract LB-232, 2005
[29] Dryver E, et al, Occupational Exposures and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma in Southern Sweden, International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health, 10:13-21, 2004
[30] Cairns T. The ED01 study: Introduction, objectives and experimental design. Innovations in Cancer Risk Assessment (ED01 Study). Staffa JA and Mehlman MA (Eds). Pathotox Publishers, Inc. Forest Park South, IL. 1-7, 1979
[31] World Health Organization/International Agency for Research on Cancer, IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Volumes 1-42, Supplement, 1987
[32] American Petroleum Institute, API Toxicological Review, Benzene, September 1948
[33] Mehlman MA, Benzene: a haematopoietic and multi-organ carcinogen at any level above zero. European Journal of Oncology, 9(1):15-36, 2004
[34] Brautbar N, et al. Leukaemia and low level benzene concentration: revisited. European Journal of Oncology, 11(1): in-press, 2006
[35] Federal Register, Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR Part 1910, Occupational Exposure to Benzene: Final Rule, 09/11/87
[36] Testimony of R.S. Proctor - Before the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, In Re: Proposed Revised Permanent Standard for Occupational Exposure to Benzene, OSHA Docket No. H-059, 07/11/77
[37] Kopstein M. Potential Uses of Petrochemical Products Can Result in Significant Benzene Exposures: MSDSs Must List Benzene as an Ingredient. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 3(1):1-8, 2006
[38] American Industrial Hygiene Association, Odor Thresholds for Chemicals with Established Occupational Health Standards, 1989
[39] Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, Third Revised Edition, Volume 2B, Toxicology, Edited by GD Clayton and FE Clayton, a Wiley-Interscience Publication, 1978
[40] Westbury v. Gislaved Gummi AB, U.S. 4th Circuit Court of Appeals, Nos. 98
[41] Mike Curtis, et al, v M&S Petroleum, Inc., et al, United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit, No 97-60685, May 13, 1999
[42] Pollini G and Colombi R, Lymphocytic Chromosome Damage in Benzene Blood Dyscrasia Med Lav, 55:641-645, 1964
[43] Forni A and Moreo L, Cytogenetic Studies in a Case of Benzene Leukaemia, Eur J Cancer, 3:251-255, 1967
[44] Sellyei M and Kelemen E, Chromosome Study in a Case of Granulocytic Leukaemia with 'Pelgerisation' 7 Years After Benzene Pancytopenia, Eur J Cancer, 7:83-85, 1971
[45] Forni AM, et al, Chromosome Changes and Their Evolution in Subjects with Past Exposuer to Benzene, Arch Environ Health, 23:385-391, 1971
[46] Tough IM and Court Brown WM, Chromosome Aberrations and Exposure to Ambient Benzene, Lancet, I, 684, 1965
[47] Hartwich G and Schwanitc G, Chromosome Studies After Chronic Benzol Exposure, Dtsch. Med. Wschr, 87:45-49, 1972
[48] National Research Council Advisory Centre on Toxicology, Washington D.C., Health Effects of Benzene: A Review. Prepared for the Environmental Protection Agency. Report No. NAS/ACT/P-829, (June, 1976)
[49] Golomb HM, et al, Correlation of Occupation and Karyotype in Adults With Acute NonLymphocytic Leukemia, Blood, 60(2):404-411, August, 1982
[50] Ida James v Bessember Processing Corporation, Inc, et al, A-115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120-97, New Jersey Supreme Court, 1998
[51] Zhang L, et al, The nature of chromosomal aberrations detected in humans exposed to benzene. Critical Review in Toxicology, 32(1):1-42, 2002
[52] Rutherford v Owens Illinois Inc, 16 CAL, 4th, 953, 67, Cal Rpt 2d 16, 1997
[53] C. Maltoni, et al, Benzene, a Multipotential Carcinogen, American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 4:589-630, 1983
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Driving High: 5 Studies on Marijuana Motoring
Getting high behind the wheel. It's illegal. But it's hard to prove. (There's no breathalyzer). And you're gonna do it either way.
So the real question is, Is it safe?
Remarkably, science in the field of stoned motoring is all over the place. Some academics contend you're actually a better driver when you're a marijuana user. Others seem to say you're sure to die. Here are five prominent studies on blazing trails on four wheels. You decide:
Stoned driving is dangerous!
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We'll start with the most-Debbie Downer study: Researchers at Dalhousie University say those who smoke weed and get behind the wheel within three hours of such debauchery are twice as likely to crash as sober drivers. Not only that, but the research, published in the British Medical Journal, claims to be the most thorough because it controlled for other, motorist-impairing factors such as alcohol. Believe it?
Dave 77459
A lot of you do it.
More bad news (or maybe it's good, depending): You people are driving stoned a lot! Seems to coincide with the rapid spread of pot shops in California in the last five years, if you ask us. The state Office of Traffic Safety says ...
... 30 percent of all drivers who were killed in motor vehicle crashes in California in 2010 tested positive for legal and/or illegal drugs, a percentage that has been increasing since 2006.
And you know what the drug of choice is there. Not only that, but in some cases in California, the OTS says, more people have been caught with pot in their blood than alcohol.
Even kids do it.
A Mutual Liberty Insurance / Students Against Destructive Decisions (SADD) survey released last month says that nearly 1 in 5 -- 1 in 5! -- teen drivers admit to driving while high. And more than one-third of those say, So what:
More than one-third (36 percent) of teens who have driven after using marijuana say the drug presents no distraction to their driving.
Maybe they're just really good stoned teen drivers?
Manuel Martin Vicente
Stoners tend to stay off the road?
German researchers contend that these teens have nothing to worry about. Using data showing that "traffic fatalities fall by nearly 9 percent after the legalization of medical marijuana" in states such as California, this particular study says that stoners are less likely to go out and drink and party and thus drive home drunk and crash. The stoner, the research contends, stays home, where it's safe (and cozy):
If marijuana consumption typically takes place at home, then designating a driver for the trip back from a restaurant or bar becomes unnecessary ...
Makes sense. When you're high.
Miran Rijavec
Stoners drive slower.
Our favorite stoned-driving study says pot smokers drive slower and more deliberately and thus are actually better motorists. Really. Hartford Hospital in Connecticut and the University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine published the research in the Journal of Psychoactive Drugs:
The academics looked at 85 subjects who got behind the wheel stone-cold sober and then tried the same obstacle course after having smoked a joint and claimed to have found no difference. In fact, they found that the high motorists were slower and perhaps safer. But ... mix alcohol with that weed, the researchers said, and you have trouble.
Hope this has sparked a discussion.
[With reporting from City News Service / @dennisjromero / email@example.com / @LAWeeklyNews]
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Ni no Kuni Demo Impressions
The demo for Ni no Kuni: Wrath of the White Witch is available now on PS3, and it's certainly worth downloading. Ni no Kuni: Wrath of the White Witch is the PS3's answer to Ni no Kuni: Shikkoku no Madōshi, a Nintendo DS title that unfortunately sees no plans yet for arrival in the West. Ni no Kuni is the love child of Professor Layton and White Knight Chronicles developers Level 5 and animation veterans Studio Ghibli, and it looks to be fantastic.
The game will let you play with (thankfully non-irritating) English audio or, if you're an anime purist, original Japanese audio with English subtitles. The reasonably lengthy demo on offer gives you two scenarios: fighting a grumpy forest guardian, and reaching the top of a temperamental volcano. Both are very different sequences that demonstrate exactly why RPG and Studio Ghibli fans alike should be incredibly excited for Ni no Kuni.
The first thing that is apparent in Ni no Kuni is the absolutely stunning visuals, courtesy of Studio Ghibli. The bright colours; the fantastic nature spirits that echo My Neighbour Totoro, Spirited Away and Princess Mononoke; the sweeping landscapes as you travel across Ni no Kuni ("Second Country") – Ghibli's presence is strongly felt here, and their strength with story, imagination and detail translates well into the video game world. Its brilliant score accents all this. Helmed by the wonderful Studio Ghibli composer Joe Hisaishi (who scored many Studio Ghibli classics and some films by Takeshi Kitano) the music sweeps in powerful waves, creating the sense of being part of an important, epic quest. The soundtrack could easily be ranked amongst Hisaishi's best work.
Rather utilizing an entirely turned-based static battle system as with many RPGs such as Pokémon and Final Fantasy, the protagonist Oliver is free to move around the screen as you evade enemy attacks, you can choose your strategy from several options such as 'Attack', 'Defend' and 'Spells'. The combat is smooth and fun to execute, and you can send out creatures – 'familiars' – to fight for you (they level up with your character). It's also a lot of fun to use new spells that you learn along the way for your next battles, stored in a magic spell book given to Oliver by the fairy lord Drippy. The controls are fluid, although at times Oliver can feel a little slow. Perhaps seasoned RPG players may find Ni no Kuni a little too easy, as there is no shortage of magic (Oliver begins with several magic-replenishing items and small collectible spheres of magic and health will drop during big battles) – however this could be just overused in the demo deliberately to show the player the full capacity of the spells in the game. The battles don't feel repetitive – it's great fun to see all the different creatures of the incredibly intriguing Ni no Kuni universe, and there is a great sense of satisfaction in training up your characters and familiars. The vast wide world feels huge, and looks absolutely gorgeous. It's especially exciting to explore all the different areas.
Ni no Kuni looks to capture all the magic of your favourite Ghibli classics and offer something new and uplifting in the increasingly diluted RPG genre that sees depressed, moody protagonists instead of ones we can believe in. With a protagonist like Oliver, a normal boy sent to an extraordinary world, it can touch the parts of ourselves that grew up with Alice in Wonderland and other incredible fairytale classics. It will surely be something rather spectacular.
Ni no Kuni arrives on January 25th, 2013. The demo is available now on PS3 from the PS Store.


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Thread: Texans lot for sale, JJ Watt RC, Arian Foster #/d, patch/gu, Owen Daniels auto
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Texans lot for sale, JJ Watt RC, Arian Foster #/d, patch/gu, Owen Daniels auto
Texans lot for sale. Looking for $30 on this lot ($3 per card) which includes rookie cards, #/d refractors, game used/patch, and an autograph #/49. I understand many of you want to purchase for less than ebay, which I have included cards like, 2013 Foster Prestige game used which sold for $10(included S&H), End-Zone Patch the seller was asking for $5(included S&H), Plates and Patches #/299 the seller was asking for $5 (included S&H), JJ Watt Bowman Sterling sold for $5 (included S&H). This is my attempt to meet the criteria of less than ebay. If interested please pm for faster response. Thanks for your time
2011 JJ Watt Bowman Sterling
2011 JJ Watt #/299 Bowman Sterling
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2012 Owen Daniel Prizm Ref Autograph #/49
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2013 Arian Foster Prestige Game Used (one color)I'm looking for Cam Newton, A.J. Green, Terrance Williams
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