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1 figure, 1 table omitted
ONE OF the national health objectives for 2000 (HP2000) is to establish and monitor nonoccupational "sentinel" environmental diseases, including asthma, heatstroke, hypothermia, heavy metal poisoning, pesticide poisoning, carbon monoxide poisoning, acute chemical poisoning, and methemoglobinemia, in at least 35 states (baseline: 0 states in 1990) (objective 11.16).1 To assess progress toward this objective, the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE), the Association of Schools of Public Health, and CDC conducted a telephone survey of environmental epidemiologists in each of the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico during June-August 1997. This report summarizes the results of that survey, which indicate that progress is being made toward the HP2000 objective.
Approximately 2-3 weeks before the telephone survey was conducted, a questionnaire on environmental disease surveillance systems in each jurisdiction was sent to the epidemiologist responsible for environmental health to allow time for gathering of information. The questionnaire inquired about each jurisdiction's surveillance activities, sources of surveillance data, funding, and goals. Each jurisdiction was asked to describe its surveillance activities from among the following: data collection only; data collection and review; or data collection, review, and case investigation. No additional definitions were provided, and interpretation of the three classifications was left to the respondent.
Responses were obtained from all 52 environmental epidemiologists. The telephone survey identified 174 environmental public health surveillance systems from 51 jurisdictions. The mean number of systems per jurisdiction was three; the median was two (range: zero to 12). Of the 174, a total of 79 (45%) systems monitored lead exposure, with most systems monitoring childhood blood lead levels (BLLs) (51 [65%] of 79). The remaining 28 systems monitored nonoccupational adult lead exposures. The environmental diseases least frequently monitored were heatstroke and hypothermia (four systems each). One jurisdiction (Missouri) had surveillance systems for all 12 of the environmental public health conditions covered by the survey. One jurisdiction did not have any surveillance systems.
Using the description for each disease monitoring system described in this report, 15 (9%) of the surveillance systems collected data only, 46 (27%) collected data and conducted reviews, and 110 (64%) collected data and conducted both reviews and case investigations. Asthma was the only condition for which no systems conducted case investigations.
Data about environmental disease surveillance were collected from numerous sources. Of the 79 lead exposure surveillance systems, 76 (96%) provided information about primary source of data. Of these, 71 (93%) used laboratory data as the primary source of information. Laboratory reporting was mandatory in jurisdictions covered by 65 (86%) of 76 systems. Data about BLLs were gathered electronically by 35 (46%) systems. Five lead surveillance systems used electronic reporting exclusively.
Of the remaining 95 nonlead environmental disease surveillance systems, three did not provide information about primary source of data. The sources of data for the other 92 systems included laboratories (37 [40%]), clinicians (19 [21%]), hospitals (14 [15%]), poison-control centers (seven [8%]), and other sources (15 [16%]). Laboratory reporting was mandatory in the jurisdictions covered by 27 (72%) of 37 systems gathering data from laboratories, and reporting by clinicians was mandatory in 15 (79%) of the 19 systems gathering data from clinicians. No nonlead surveillance systems received information electronically.
Thirty-six (71%) of 51 childhood lead monitoring systems and 14 (50%) of 28 adult lead monitoring systems were either entirely or largely dependent on federal funds for their operation. Twenty-one (23%) of 95 nonlead environmental disease monitoring systems received any federal funding.
P Zeitz, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory Univ; H Anderson, III, MD, B Hughes, PhD, Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists, Atlanta, Georgia. Surveillance and Programs Br, Div of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects, National Center for Environmental Health; and an EIS Officer, CDC.
The findings in this report indicate that childhood lead poisoning was the only "sentinel environmental disease" for which HP2000 objective 11.16 has been achieved.1 Although not every system met the requirement to be identified as a surveillance system (ongoing collection, analysis, and use of health data), most of the childhood lead monitoring systems collected, reviewed, and took appropriate action based on the data.
The findings in this report are subject to at least two limitations. First, jurisdiction-based surveillance systems can have different case definitions. For example, although CDC recommends using BLLs ≥10 µg/dL to identify children with elevated BLLs, some jurisdictions used higher values. Jurisdiction-specific case definitions may be necessary because of limited resources and other considerations. CDC, in collaboration with other agencies and organizations, is developing definitions for several environmental diseases such as carbon monoxide poisoning and asthma. Using a standard case definition may allow data from numerous jurisdictions to be more easily summarized and compared. However, each jurisdiction will base its environmental health priorities on its own needs and available resources. Second, >90% of the systems identified in the 1997 survey reviewed the data collected, and in most cases implemented activities based on the data. This survey did not collect information about the frequency or extent of data review or of follow-up activities. Usefulness of routinely collected environmental disease data depends on timely analysis of the data followed by dissemination of information to persons who "need to know," such as policy makers and program managers.2- 7
Surveillance systems should be simple, sensitive, representative, and timely to be most effective in controlling and preventing disease.8 Surveillance systems at the local, state, and national levels are useful for assessing case investigations, implementing control activities, evaluating interventions, monitoring trends, and identifying risk factors. A comprehensive integrated public health surveillance system that combines local, state, and national surveillance activities can best achieve the primary goal of public health surveillance, namely a reduction in disease morbidity and mortality.3 Progress toward the HP2000 objective is evident from the results of this survey. Adequate resources and increased public awareness about the value of surveillance systems in preventing and controlling disease are necessary to fully achieve the objective.2
Monitoring Environmental Disease—United States, 1997. JAMA. 1998;280(8):688–689. doi:10.1001/jama.280.8.688
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Junk Gypsy Backstage Clothing Rack
No longer available
- Overview
Keep your wardrobe on a roll with our clothing rack, fitted with casters so you have the option to exit stage left – or right! Designed exclusively for PBteen by sisters Amie and Jolie Sikes, our clothing rack captures the duo's rebellious spirit and unique design philosophy.
- 30" diameter, 70" high
- Crafted of iron tube and aluminum casting.
- Features three arms and five caster wheels.
- Hand-painted platinum finish.
- Dimensions + Care
- Overall: 30" diameter, 70" high
- Arm (3): 2" diameter, 15" long
- Weight: 17 pounds
- Dust with a soft, dry cloth.
- Do not use commercial-grade chemically based cleaners as they may damage the finish.
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This item will arrive in 3-5 business days. Please proceed to the Payment & Review page of Checkout for a precise delivery estimate.


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Day 1: Airport / Negombo / Sigiriya
Arrival, welcome & assistance at the airport leave for Sigiriya En-route visit Negombo. It is largely Roman Catholic by faith, with huge imposing churches down almost every street. The sea & the catamarans are the backdrop to the Negombo scenery. P.M.visit Sigiriya located in the north-central part of Sri Lanka, preserves the architectural tradition of the country. The town is famous for its Rock, Gardens and Sanctuary. Sigiriya has spectacular importance in Sri Lanka. An ancient palace complex, erected during the reign of King Kasyapa, has been declared by UNESCO a world heritage site.Overnight at hotel.
Day 2: Polonnaruwa / Anuradhapura
After breakfast excursion to Polonnaruwa, the second ancient capital city for three centuries, is one of the most interesting places in Sri Lanka with many well preserved ruins of palace and monasteries which easily can make every tourist to impress. P.M. leave for Anuradhapura & visit the ruins of the first capital founded in the 05th century BC here is found the largest number of ancient monuments of a great civilization. World Heritage city Anuradhapura, in picturesque ruins, was once a major center of Sri Lanka civilization. Return back to your hotel for overnight.
Day 3: Sigiriya / Dambulla / Nalanda / Matale / Kandy
After breakfast leave for Kandy. En-route visit Dambulla. In Sri Lanka history Dambulla cave complex dates back to 3rd and 2nd centuries BC. Even before the making of the complex it was well established as one of the largest monasteries in Sri Lanka. Dambulla caves have been declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. Also known for bird watching then visit Nalanda Gedige the Abu Simbel of Sri Lanka Nalanda Gedige is one of a number of remarkable archaeological sites in Sri Lanka then visit a spice garden & batik factory in Matale. En-route to Kandy Evening arrive at hotel in Kandy, the center of the traditional arts in Sri Lanka visit the temple of the sacred tooth relic of Buddha. Return to hotel for overnight.
Day 4: Kandy / Pinnawela / Kandy
After breakfast leave for Pinnawela & visit the elephant Orphanage. This orphanage was established to feed nurse & house young elephants found abandoned by their mothers. Often the young ones fall into pits and ravines in their request for water during drought period. P.M. visit the city of Kandy. The most famous landmark of Kandy is its lake, in the center of the city. Visit the Kandy Museum. Late in the evening view the Kandyan cultural performance .Return to hotel for overnight.
Day 5 Kandy / Peradeniya / Nuwara Eliya
After breakfast visit the royal botanical gardens of Peradeniya which is well known for its large number and variety of plants This garden is best known for it's collection of orchids the largest in Asia. P.M. leave for Nuwara Eliya the center of hill country, En-route visit a tea plantation and witness the manufacture of the world famous '' Ceylon tea ''. Gregory Lake is one of attractive locations in Nuwara Eliya. Shanthipura (the city view point) Spend the evening walking in the cool climate. Arrive at hotel for overnight.
Day 6: Nuwara Eliya/Ella/Buduruwagala/Yala
After breakfast leave for Tissamaharama Region Stop at Ella to admire the magnificent view. Then visit Buduruwagala The name Buduruwagala means "the rock with the statue of Buddha" And this is exactly what it is. The rock itself has shape of a kneeling elephant. The statues date back to 10 century AD. P.M safari in Yala Park by jeep the Elephant is undoubtedly the best known attraction at Yala, seen in small & large herds. Herds of spotted deer are seen all over the park. Monkeys-the pinkish rhesus and the Grey-faced Langur Monkey live and play on the tree-tops and the ground below. Wild buffalo & wild boar could give you a good surprise & the sight of a leopard sunning itself or drinking water at a water hole could be memorable experience. Arrive at hotel for overnight.
Day 7: Weligama / Galle / Colombo
After breakfast leave for Galle. En route view the Still fisherman of Weligama fishing, then visit the Old Portuguese fort, later rebuilt and extended by the Dutch is still fine preservation. Most of the administration of Galle still takes place from the fort. The view from the ramparts is superb The Galle fort is a world heritage site and the largest remaining fortress in Asia built by European occupiers. Continuation towards Colombo.. P.M visit the fascinating city of Colombo which links the past with the present. You will visit the fort area, the commercial center, ''Pettah'' Colombo's bustling bazaar area, a cinnamon garden which is full of large residences. Return to the hotel for overnight.
Day 8: Colombo, Airport
After breakfast transfer to the airport to connect flight for departure. Rooms till 12:00 in the afternoon. Welcome at the airport by our representative. The accommodation in Double/Twin or Triple bed rooms in the hotels mentioned or similar. Check-in Check-out 12:00. Bed & Breakfast Basis (Room + Breakfast for Four nights) & the 1st Two Nights & the night near the Reserve will be on Half Board Basis - Total 3 nights inclusive of dinner & B-fast. Air-conditioned Private vehicle with English speaking chauffeur will be provided (Private Tour). Fuel & local assurance for vehicle included. The chauffeur will look after his meals & accommodation by himself.Basic Jeep to visit reserve included -(Entrance fees for the reserve to be paid directly by clients). The excursions and sightseeing mentioned in Program (Without All Entrance Fees paid directly by clients).
All rates quoted are in US Dollars & net per person inclusive of all applicable taxes.(around 25%) If you are traveling alone please send us an email we shall advise you the details. All entrance fees as per program to be paid directly in Sri Lanka Rupees and it will cost around
USD175 per person. Please change Foreign currency in to SLRS at the airport after customs there are many 24hrs bank counters at the airport as all these payments have to be made only in SLRS No credit card payments are accepted in these places. Subject to change slightly sometimes details are provided with rates as applicable at the moment)
(Children under 12 years will be half rate in most places) -
** Kandy Perahara Period for ten nights most likely from 01st to 10th Aug (Subject to confirmation closer to dates). Per room per night During Kandy Hotel Nights only extra if clients are in Kandy during the Kandy Perahara Period.
-Category A USD 35
-Category B USD 45
-Category C USD 50
For Reservations during Super Peak Period – 21st December to 15th January period please contact us for further details. As Peak supplements apply at hotels during this period & this will change according to the category of hotels and actual days of stay at each hotel. If required we can modify the program to have the last night in a beach hotel south of Colombo or in Negombo area then proceed to the airport. Any other modifications to the program can be arranged as per individual preferences.
Services not included:
Single room supplement, the personal spending (tips, laundry, mini bar, telephone, fax etc ....) Beverages, the rights to use cameras or video at sites where most places they are free when you pay the entrance fees except at Kandy Tooth Temple & Pinnawela Elephant orphanage there are extra charges for Video around USD 05 per person, medical expenses, insurance, international flights.
Sri Lanka Visa charges USD 30 per person for NON SAARC countries & USD 15 for SAARC countries, can be obtained directly via the internet please visit this site. http://www.eta.gov.lk/ The process is not complicated if you have any difficulty we could make arrangements for same too in 48hrs to obtain same if details are provided to us by mail. The process is very simple payments can be paid online & with the confirmation document print out & code you have to submit passport on arrival only. The passport has to be valid for six months from the day of arrival + return air tickets & sufficient funds or reservations for the holiday should be with you. All have to obtain a visit visa except for Singapore & Maldivian passport holders.
Tour cancellation policy:
You may cancel your booking at any time prior to commencement of the tour by notifying us in writing, which must be acknowledged by our company.If you cancel on or before 30 days before the first day of the tour, we will retain your small deposit to cover our costs. In addition, if the cancellation notification is received less than 30 days prior to the first day of the tour, additional cancellation charges shall be as follows:
Amount of cancellation charges:
-29-15 Days before the first day of the tour - 50%
-Less than 14 Days before the first day of the tour 75%
-Less than 7 Days before the first day of the tour 100%
-No show or early departure 100%.
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Imagine for a moment what it would be like if your pet could sit down for a heart to heart talk with you. What do you think they would say? Would they ask for a softer bed, more treats, fewer walks? Probably not. Chances are, the one thing they would ask for more of, is your time.
We recently came across the following "Pet Prayer" that we wanted to share with you, in the hopes it might make all pet owners stop and think, and treasure every moment they're fortunate to share with their four-legged best friends.
I am your dog, and I have a little something I'd like to whisper in your ear.
I know that you humans lead busy lives. Some have to work, some have children to raise. It always seems like you are running here and there, often much too fast, often never noticing the truly grand things in life.
Look down at me now, while you sit there at your computer. See the way my dark brown eyes look at yours? They are slightly cloudy now. That comes with age. The gray hairs are beginning to ring my soft muzzle.
You smile at me, I see love in your eyes. What do you see in mine? Do you see a spirit? A soul inside, who loves you as no other could in the world? A spirit that would forgive all trespasses of prior wrong doing for just a simple moment of your time?
That is all I ask. To slow down, if even for a few minutes to be with me. So many times you have been saddened by the words you read on that screen, of others of my kind, passing. Sometimes we die young and oh, so quickly, sometimes so suddenly it wrenches your heart out of your throat. Sometimes, we age so slowly before your eyes, that you may not even seem to know until the very end, when we look at you with grizzled muzzles and cataract clouded eyes. Still, the love, is always there, even when we must take that long sleep, to run free in a distant land.
I may not be here tomorrow, I may not be here next week. Someday you will shed tears from your eyes, that humans have when deep grief fills their souls, and you will be angry with yourself that you did not have just "one more day" with me. Because I love you so, your sorrow touches my spirit and grieves me.
We have NOW, together. So come, sit down here next to me on the floor and look deep into my eyes. What do you see? If you look hard and deep enough, we will talk, you and I, heart to heart. Come to me not as "alpha" or "trainer" or even "Mom" or "Dad" but as a living soul, and stroke my fur and let us look deep into one another's eyes, and talk.
I may tell you something about the fun of chasing a tennis ball, or I may tell you something profound about myself, or even life in general. You decided to have me in your life because you wanted a soul to share such things with, someone very different from you, and here I am. I am a dog, but I am alive. I feel emotion, I feel physical senses, and I can revel in the differences of our spirits and souls. I do not think of you as a "dog on two feet"–I know what you are. You are a human, in all your quirkiness, and I love you still.
Now, come sit with me, on the floor. Enter my world and let time slow down, if only for fifteen minutes. Look deep into my eyes, and whisper in my ears. Speak with your heart, with your joy and I will know your true self. We may not have tomorrow, and life is, so very short. We have today.
With much love, Your Dog
(Author Unknown)
This is dedicated to the memory of Gumbo, a 14-year-old American Bulldog who recently lost her brave battle to live. She was loved and treasured every day of her life by her human, Delaine, whose grief all animal lovers share. Farewell, Gumbo.


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Phoenix police and the FBI concluded that Attorney General Tom Horne left the scene of a hit-and-run accident in a parking garage to hide an extramarital affair with a subordinate.
An FBI report released Tuesday by Phoenix police who investigated the accident said FBI agents learned during a campaign finance investigation that Horne was having an affair with the woman, Assistant Attorney General Carmen Chenal, and that they used her apartment as a rendezvous site.
"Though motive is not an element of the criminal statute listed above," the report said, referring to Arizona's hit-and-run law, "it stands to reason that Horne did not want any record of his presence in the parking garage of Chenal's apartment complex thus he did not leave a note."
The parking garage for Chenal's apartment complex was the scene of the accident, which occurred as Horne backed into a parked Range Rover while driving a car that Chenal had borrowed from a co-worker. Horne was cited last week on a misdemeanor charge of leaving the scene of a collision or unattended vehicle.
The FBI report was among documents, evidence photos and audio recordings of interviews released to The Associated Press under a public records request.
via FBI: Horne having an affair.


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WEDNESDAY, 9:50am: James has officially signed his deal with Chicago, and it's a 10-day contract, the team announced.
TUESDAY, 4:34pm: The Bulls will re-sign point guard Mike James, tweets K.C. Johnson of the Chicago Tribune. The 38-year-old made the team out of training camp, but the Bulls waived him last month after signing D.J. Augustin. Chicago traded Marquis Teague to the Nets today for big man Tornike Shengelia, so the return of James replenishes the Bulls' point guard depth. USA Today's Jeff Zillgitt wrote last month that the team might bring James back if it traded Teague.
It's unclear if the agreement is for a 10-day contract or a deal that covers a rest of the season. Cartier Martin is on his second 10-day with the Bulls, who hope to re-sign him for the season once it expires. That would still leave Chicago with a pair of open roster spots, leaving plenty of room for James. The Bulls are within $1MM of the luxury tax line, so it seems the timing of the decision to bring James aboard in the wake of today's trade, which sheared $285,848 from Chicago's payroll, is financially motivated.
The Bernie Lee client saw just 38 minutes total in his first stint with the Bulls this season, but he started 23 games for the Mavericks last year, averaging 8.2 points, 4.4 assists and 25.8 minutes per game in those starts. He also played with the Bulls during the 2011/12 season.


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Nashua Nutrition Announces June Slim-Down Challenge!
It's no surprise that the weather has been heating up, meaning…beach season is here!! If the idea of tank tops, shorts and bathing suits makes you want to run inside, we have just the thing to ignite a little motivation in your pre-summer workout plan! In 5 days, we'll begin the Nashua Nutrition June Slim-Down Challenge! … Read more


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Anthony R. Sedmak
Cooper Industries retiree served in U.S. Army
Anthony R. Sedmak, 84, of Canonsburg, passed away Wednesday, December 5, 2012, in Washington County Health Center, Chartiers Township, with his family by his side.
He was born October 18, 1928, in Strabane, a son of the late Joseph and Mary Kern Sedmak.
Mr. Sedmak served in the U.S. Army in the Korean War.
He lived his entire life in the Strabane and Canonsburg areas, where he was a member of St. Patrick Roman Catholic Church.
Prior to his retirement, he had been employed by the former Cooper Industries in Canonsburg.
Mr. Sedmak was a member of SNPJ Lodge 138 and KSKJ Lodge 153, both in Strabane.
He enjoyed gardening and grass cutting.
On August 7, 1954, he married Connie Ortuso, who died June 2, 2008.
Surviving are a son, Joseph A. (Karen) Sedmak of Houston; two daughters, Deborah Sedmak of Canonsburg and Melina (Brian) Nvicki of Bethel Park; four grandchildren, Kristen (Michael Imbrogno) Sedmak, Heather (Brian) Bielenberg, Jennifer Ackerman and Brian Novicki; and several nieces and nephews.
He was the last of his immediate family.
Deceased, in addition to his wife and parents, are two sisters, Mary and Justine Sedmak, and three brothers, Frank, Andrew and Joseph Sedmak.
Friends are welcome from 6 to 8 p.m. Friday and noon to 1 p.m., the time of service, Saturday, December 8, in Salandra Funeral Service Inc., Joseph P. Salandra, owner/supervisor, 304 West Pike Street, Canonsburg, 724-745-8120, with the Rev. Richard Jones officiating. Interment will follow in St. Patrick's Cemetery, Canonsburg. Full military rites will be accorded by American Legion Post 902 and Veterans of Foreign Wars Post 191 combined honor guard. Memorial contributions may be made to Alzheimer's Research. To view or extend condolences, please visit www.salandrafunerals.com.
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SIA RU000229, United States National Museum Division of Grasses, Records, 1884, 1888, 1899-1965
- Creator:
- United States National Museum Division of Grasses
- Title:
- Records, 1884, 1888, 1899-1965
- Data Source:
- Smithsonian Institution Archives
- Dates:
- 1884, 1884-1965, 1884, 1888, 1899-1965, Civil War, 1945-1949
- Notes:
- Albert Spear Hitchcock joined the United States Department of Agriculture in 1901 as Assistant Agrostologist under Frank Lamson-Scribner. In 1905 he was put in charge of the grass herbarium and became Systematic Agrostologist. After 1928, he held the title of Principal Biologist in charge of Systematic Agrostology of the Department of Agriculture and kept that title until his death in 1935. His relationship with the Smithsonian began in 1912 when he became Custodian of Grasses, Division of Plants, United States National Museum (USNM). At that time, the grass herbarium was apparently transferred to the National Museum. Hitchcock remained Custodian without remuneration until his death.
- Mary Agnes Chase (also known as Agnes Chase) joined the Department of Agriculture in 1903 as a botanical illustrator and eventually became Scientific Assistant in Systematic Agrostology, 1907; Assistant Botanist, 1923; and Associate Botanist, 1925. Upon Hitchcock's death in 1935, Chase succeeded to his positions as Principal Botanist in charge of Systematic Agrostology and Custodian of the Section of Grasses, Division of Plants, USNM. She retired from the Department of Agriculture in 1939, but retained her post at the Museum. When the Department of Botany was formed in 1947, the Section became the Division of Grasses and Chase was made a Research Associate in the Department, apparently retaining her honorary custodianship of the grass herbarium. She died in 1963.
- Summary:
- These records are the official files of Hitchcock and Chase when they worked for the Agrostology Section of the Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture, and the Division of Grasses of the Department of Botany, United States National Museum. For an administrative history of the Department of Botany, see record units 220 and 226. These records also document the scientific careers of Hitchcock and Chase and include personal papers predating their tenures with those agencies. Records of the Department of Agriculture were probably transferred to the National Museum when Hitchcock became Custodian of Grasses in 1912.
- This record unit includes incoming and outgoing correspondence with United States and foreign botanists; directors and curators of herbaria; agronomists; collectors of botanical specimens; seed laboratories; floral companies; Department of Agriculture and Smithsonian Institution staff members; agricultural schools and agricultural experiment stations; colleagues; friends; publishers; and scientific societies concerning identification, examination, and reports on plants and grasses; exchange and transfer of specimens; gifts and loans of specimen collections; information regarding plants and grasses for sheep and other livestock; explorations and botanical collecting expeditions; taxonomy; nomenclature; sick and annual leave; requests for positions with the Department of Agriculture; recommendations for colleagues for positions; recommendations for fellowships; recommendations for publication of manuscripts; requests for publications; election to scientific societies; administrative status of the Section of Grasses of the United States National Herbarium, 1938; Mary Agnes Chase Fund, 1953-1961; feminist movement; pacifism and politics in Europe before and during the Second World War; and political and economic conditions during the Chinese Civil War, especially in Foochow, 1949.
- The records also include photograph albums documenting field trips by Hitchcock to South America, Africa, Canada, and in the United States, and by Chase to Brazil in 1924-1925; a bound volume of letters received by Chase on her eightieth birthday in 1949; biographies; manuscripts; newspaper clippings; photographs; and a scrapbook.
- Topics:
- Botany, Scientific expeditions, Botanists, Feminism, Political science, Pacifism, History
- Subjects:
- Chase, Agnes 1869-1963, Hitchcock, A. S (Albert Spear) 1865-1935, Lamson-Scribner, F, Mary Agnes Chase Fund, United States National Herbarium, United States National Museum Department of Botany, United States Department of Agriculture, United States Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Division of Agrostology
- Places:
- China, Fuzhou Shi (Fujian Sheng, China), Brazil, South America, Africa, Canada
- Form/Genre:
- Scrapbooks, Collection descriptions, Manuscripts, Black-and-white photographs
- Local Number:
- Physical Description:
- 13.84 cu. ft. (8 record storage boxes) (1 half document box) (13 12x17 boxes)
Finding Aids to Official Records of the Smithsonian Institution Archives
Table of Contents
- Collection Overview
- Historical Note
- Introduction
- Descriptive Entry
- Index Terms
- Administrative Information
- Container List
- Series 1 - INCOMING AND OCCASIONAL OUTGOING CORRESPONDENCE, 1884, 1888, 1899-1963. ARRANGED ALPHABETICALLY AND IN MOST INSTANCES CHRONOLOGICALLY THEREUNDER.
- Series 2 - OFFICIAL OUTGOING CORRESPONDENCE, AGROSTOLOGY SECTION, PLANT INDUSTRY, USDA, ALBERT SPEAR HITCHCOCK AND MARY AGNES CHASE, 1905-1923. BOUND AND INDEXED.
- Series 3 - NOTES, MANUSCRIPTS AND REPORTS, CIRCA 1921-1965.
- Series 4 - SCRAPBOOKS, 1893-1921.
- Series 5 - MARY AGNES CHASE AND ALBERT SPEAR HITCHCOCK PHOTOGRAPH ALBUMS, CIRCA 1918-1929.
- Series 6 - SCRAPBOOK PRESENTED TO MARY AGNES CHASE ON HER 80TH BIRTHDAY.
Record Unit 229
United States National Museum, Division of Grasses
Records, 1884, 1888, 1899-1965
Collection Overview
|General Information About This Collection
|Smithsonian Institution Archives, Washington, D.C. Contact us at firstname.lastname@example.com.
|United States National Museum, Division of Grasses
|1884, 1888, 1899-1965
|6.8 linear meters.
|Record Unit 229
|Language of Materials:
Historical Note
Albert Spear Hitchcock, botanist, a distinguished authority on the grasses of the world, was born in Owasso, Michigan, on September 4, 1865. After spending his early years growing up in Kansas and Nebraska, Hitchcock entered Iowa State Agricultural College, receiving his B.S. in 1884, and an M.S. in 1886. Though influenced by botanists Charles Edwin Bessey and Herbert Osborn, Hitchcock majored in chemistry and accepted his first position in 1886 as an instructor of chemistry at Iowa State University. During the summer months, Hitchcock returned to Ames to botanize the region.
In 1889, Hitchcock gave up his chemistry position for a lesser salary in order to work under William Trelease at the Missouri Botanical Garden in St. Louis, working as an instructor in the Engelmann School of Botany, Washington University, curator of the herbarium, and librarian at the Botanical Garden. Hitchcock left St. Louis to become professor of botany at Kansas Agricultural College, 1892-1901; and in 1901 began his association with the United States Department of Agriculture as an assistant agrostologist under Frank Lamson-Scribner. The association was to last until Hitchcock's death in 1935.
Until 1905, most of Hitchcock's work at the USDA was in the economic field of grasses. In 1905 he changed places with Charles Vancouver Piper and took over the grass herbarium in order to conduct taxonomic studies. Hitchcock became the systematic agrostologist at the USDA, and after 1928 held the title of principal botanist in charge of systematic agrostology, USDA.
Hitchcock's relationship with the Smithsonian dates back to October 10, 1912, when he was made custodian of grasses, Section of Grasses, Division of Plants, United States National Museum. Apparently, though the USDA herbarium was transferred to the Smithsonian and merged with the Smithsonian collections in 1896 (see description of the Hunt Institute collection 105), the grass section of the herbarium remained with the USDA and was not transferred until later, possibly in 1912 when Hitchcock held joint positions with the USDA and the Smithsonian. Hitchcock remained custodian (without remuneration) of the Section of Grasses until his death. Under Hitchcock, the grass herbarium increased to become the largest and most complete collection of its kind in the world.
Hitchcock was very much interested in nomenclature and helped educate botanists throughout the world on the advantages of basing specimen names on the type method rather than on previous authority. His writings and support for the Fourth International Botanical Congress project on nomenclature reunion at Ithaca, New York, in 1926, helped lay the foundation for an international agreement on nomenclature at the Congress meeting held at Cambridge in 1930.
Hitchcock also originated the idea of preserving a portion of tropical jungle in the canal zone. While he was chairman of the Executive Committee of the Institute for Research in Tropical America, Barro Colorado Island was made into a permanent preserve. (See STRI records, Record Units 134 and 135, for a history of the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute.)
Hitchcock traveled widely collecting botanical specimens, including the entire United States, most of Latin America, and parts of Africa, Asia, and Europe. In 1929 he was the botanist representative from the United States at the British Association for the Advancement of Science meeting held in South Africa.
Among Hitchcock's 250 articles and books, his major works consisted of studies on the grasses of the United States. Included in his works are, Genera of Grasses of the United States; Manual of Farm Grasses; Manual of Grasses of the United States; Methods of Descriptive Systematic Botany; and Text-Book of Grasses.
Hitchcock received an Sc.D. from Iowa State College in 1920, and in 1934 he was awarded an honorary D.Sc. degree from Kansas State College.
Feminist and botanist Mary Agnes Chase, considered "one of the world's outstanding agrostologists and preeminent among American students in this field," by the Botanical Society of America upon presentation of her Certificate of Merit in 1956, was born in Iroquois County, Illinois, on April 20, 1869. Educated in the public and private schools of Chicago, Chase became interested in botany at an early age, working at night as a proofreader and botanizing during the day. Though Chase took extension course work from the Lewis Institute and the University of Chicago, the only degree she received was an honorary degree of Doctor of Science from the University of Illinois in 1958.
In 1901, Chase became an assistant in botany at the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago, working with Charles Frederick Millspaugh and illustrating each species with line drawings for his article, "Plantae Yucatanae." Chase left Chicago in 1903 to become a botanical illustrator for the United States Department of Agriculture in Washington, D.C. Working beyond office hours, Chase spent her time on the collections of the grass herbarium in order to prepare a series of articles on the genera of Paniceae.
From 1907 to 1923, Chase held the position of scientific assistant in systematic agrostology, becoming assistant botanist in 1923 and associate botanist in 1925. Upon the death of Albert Spear Hitchcock, Chase became senior botanist in charge of systematic agrostology in 1936, and at the same time, became custodian of the Section of Grasses, Division of Plants, United States National Museum. She retired from the USDA in 1939, retaining her position as custodian for the grass section in the USNM. When the Division of Plants reorganized in 1947, becoming the Department of Botany, the Section of Grasses became the Division of Grasses, with Jason Richard Swallen becoming assistant curator and then curator of the Division. Chase was made a research associate in the Department, but still, it appears, retained a position as honorary custodian of the grass herbarium.
In 1959, Chase was made an Honorary Fellow of the Smithsonian, the eighth fellow in the history of the Institution. Among Chase's publications, her important works are First Book of Grasses; a revision of the Manual of Grasses of the United States; and a three-volume index to grass species that contains information from approximately 80,000 index cards. This last undertaking was published in 1962. Chase died September 24, 1963.
This finding aid was digitized with funds generously provided by the Smithsonian Institution Women's Committee.
Descriptive Entry
These papers document the history of the agrostology section of the Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture (1901-1939), and the Section of Grasses, United States National Herbarium, United States National Museum (1912-1963) at the time Albert Spear Hitchcock and Mary Agnes Chase worked for the USDA and the USNH, as well as the scientific endeavors of Hitchcock and Chase. Included are personal papers, which also predate Hitchcock's and Chase's tenure with the USDA and USNH. Records of the USDA were probably transferred to the Smithsonian when Hitchcock became custodian of the grass section, USNH. These papers include loose incoming and outgoing correspondence with U.S. and foreign botanists; directors and botanists of herbaria; agrononomists; collectors of botanical specimens; seed laboratories, floral companies; USDA staff members; Smithsonian Institution staff members; agricultural schools and agricultural experiment stations; colleagues; friends; publishers; and scientific societies, regarding identification, examination, and reports on plants and grasses; exchange and transfer of specimens, gifts and loans of specimen collections; information regarding plants and grasses for sheep and other livestock; explorations and botanical collecting expeditions; taxonomy; nomenclature; sick and annual leave; requests for positions with the USDA; recommendations for colleagues for positions, recommendations for fellowships; recommendations for publication of manuscripts; requests for publications; election to scientific societies; administrative status of the grass section, USNH (1938), Mary Agnes Chase Fund (1953-1961); feminist movement; pacifism and politics in Europe before and during the Second World War; political and economic conditions during the Chinese Civil War, especially in Foochow (1949); outgoing letterpress correspondence (1905-1923) concerning the above; also biographies, manuscripts, newspaper clippings, photographs, and scrapbook.
Index Terms
This collection is indexed under the following access terms. These are links to collections with related topics, persons or places.
- Agrostology Section. Bureau of Plant Industry (USDA)
- Chase Fund, Mary Agnes
- Chase, Agnes, 1869-1963.
- Hitchcock, A. S. (Albert Spear), 1865-1935.
- Mary Agnes Chase Fund
- United States National Herbarium
- United States National Museum. Dept. of Botany
- United States National Museum. Division of Grasses
Physical Characteristics of Materials in the Collection
Administrative Information
Preferred Citation
Smithsonian Institution Archives, Record Unit 229, United States National Museum, Division of Grasses, Records
Container List
Series 1INCOMING AND OCCASIONAL OUTGOING CORRESPONDENCE, 1884, 1888, 1899-1963. ARRANGED ALPHABETICALLY AND IN MOST INSTANCES CHRONOLOGICALLY THEREUNDER.
Incoming correspondence, 1884, 1888, 1899-1963. Correspondence is not divided according to the recipient of the letter. Until 1936, folders might include correspondence to both Albert Spear Hitchcock and Mary Agnes Chase. For description of general contents see descriptive entry at the beginning of the finding aid.
Box 1
Abbot, Charles G. (1926-1938)
Abrams, LeRoy (1923-1936)
Acosta Solis, M.
Acuna, Julian
Adams, John
Adamson, R. S.
Aellen, Paul
Ahlgren, Henry L.
Ahlson, C. B.
Alberts, H. W.
Albertson, F. W.
Aldows, A. E.
Aldrich, H. P.
Allan, H. H. (1925-1950)
Allanson, Henry Emil (1925-1935)
Allen, Durward L.
Allen, Ena Alida
Alston, A. H. G.
Alstron, R. A.
Ames, Oakes
Amidi, Terzo P.
Amshoff, G. Jane H.
Anderson, Edgar (1942-1959)
Anderson, Edwin Joseph (1945-1950)
Anderson, H. C. Includes Mary Agnes Chase letter regarding her life's work and her beliefs (12/20/1941).
Anderson, J. P.
Anderson, R. H.
Anderson, W. A.
Applegate, Elmer I.
Araujo, Anacreonte
Arber, Agnes (1926-1959)
Archer, William Andrew (1934-1937)
Armstrong, Dora Jane
Arnold, Lillian E. (1937-1947)
Arsene, Luis Brother (1926-1937)
Arbelaez, E. Perez (in Spanish)
Arthur, Joseph Charles (1928-1935)
Ashe, W. W.
Asplund, Erik
Atwater, Betty Ramson (Mrs.)
Australia, Botanic Garden of (1936-1937)
Babcock, Ernest Brown (1927-1939)
Babel, William K.
Bacigalupi, Rimo
Bailey, Liberty Hyde (1923-1946)
Baker, Richard E.
Baldwin, J. T.
Ball, Carlton R. (1933-1946)
Ball, E. D.
Bandeira, Maria C. (1927-1931)
Banks, Donald J. (1959-1961)
Barber, D.
Barker, Alfred F.
Barkley, Fred A.
Barnett, Claribel R. (1924-1937)
Barnhart, John Hendley (1907-1938)
Barretto, Ubirajara P.
Barros, Ernesto V.
Bartholomew, Elizabeth Ann
Bartlett, Harley Harris (1923-1953) (2 folders)
Bartram, Edwin Bunting (1936-1946)
Bashaw, E. C.
Beals, A. Tennyson
Bebb, Robert (1907-1939)
Beddows, A. R.
Beetle, Alan A.
Belli, Carlo Saverio (in French)
Bellue, Margaret K. (1932-1939)
Benke, Hermann C.
Bennett, Hugh H.
Benson, Lyman
Berkley, Earl E. (1932-1938)
Berry, Edward W.
Bessey, Ernst A.
Bews, J. W.
Bingham, Marjorie T.
Biological Abstracts
Bishop, Carl Whiting (1932)
Bishop, Harlow
Bitancourt, Agesilau (1930-1959)
Black, George (1941-1958)
Black, J. M.
Black, Raleigh A. (1929-1945)
Blake, Sidney Fay (1934-1947)
Blake, S. T. (1941-1957)
Blomquist, Hugo L. (1931-1957)
Blossom expedition (W. Kenneth Cuyler)
Bobrov, E.
Bogusch, Edwin R.
Bolus, F.
Booth, W. E.
Bor, N. L. (1940-1959)
Bougere, Lydia N.
Box, Harold E. (1931-1940)
Boyle, W. S.
Bracelin, Nina Floy (Mrs.) (1931-1940)
Brandegee, T. S.
Brandes, E. W.
Brass, L. J.
Braun, Ema Lucy (1928-1936)
Breed, Robert S.
Brenckle, J. F.
Bressman, E. N.
Bridges, J. O.
Bright, J.
Brinkman, A. H. (1923-1945)
Briquet, John (1899-1935)
Britton, Nathaniel Lord (1907-1934). Includes one letter from Elizabeth Gertrude Britton (1907).
Broadway, W. E. (1922-1933)
Brown, Clair A.
Brown, Edgar
Brown, George W.
Brown, Otivay
Brown, Walter V.
Bryan, E. H. Jr.
Bryan, Gordon
Buchtien, Otto
Burbidge, Nancy (1944-1956)
Box 2
Burcham, Lee (1946-1955)
Burkart, Arturo (1938-1939, 1959)
Bush, B. F.
Cabrera, Angel L.
Cain, Stanley Adair (1934)
Camp, Wendell Holmes (1935-1939)
Campos Porto, P. (1934-1937)
Camus, Aime (1923-1960)
Cardenas, Martin
Carmichael, Leonard (1953-1961). In regard to the Mary Agnes Chase Fund.
Carne, W. M.
Carpenter, Flave J.
Carter, Annetta
Cattell, J. McKeen (1923-1937)
Caum, Edward L.
Chambliss, Charles E.
Chanderlin, Chorrellis
Chardon, Carlos E.
Chase, Mary Agnes (c. 1929-1960). Personal material, including letters concerning awards that were given her; letters of introduction; canceled checks; and correspondence regarding the Chicago Academy of sciences (1944).
Chase, Mary Agnes (1929-1930). Correspondence written by Chase to Albert Spear Hitchcock from Brazil.
Chase, Mary Agnes (1935). Correspondence written by Chase to Albert Spear Hitchcock from France.
Chase, Virginius (1938-1958)
Chevalier, Aug.
Chien, T. H.
Chiovenda, Emilico
Chipp, T. F. (1925-1930)
Chippindall, Lucy
Chou, Ruth (1946-1949). Includes interesting correspondence regarding conditions in China during the Civil War, especially in Foochow (1949).
Christ, J. H.
Christensen, Carl (1922-1934)
Churchill, J. R.
Ciferri, R.
Clare, Mary Sister
Clarke, S. E.
Clemens, Mary Strong (1928-1950, 1962)
Clover, Elzada U.
Cockerell, Theodore D. A. (1929-1937)
Coelho de Moraes, Jayme
Cole, Grace M.
Combs, J. F.
Constance, Lincoln (1934-1938)
Conzatti, C.
Core, Earl L. (1930-1946)
Cory, V. L. (1936-1948)
Cottam, Walter P.
Cotton, A. D. (1929-1934)
Coville, Frederick Vernon (1907-1935)
Cowles, H. F.
Cratty, R. I.
Creel, H. B.
Crider, F. J.
Croizat, Leon (1940-1941)
Cross, D. O. (1937-1938). Includes letter from Mary Agnes Chase regarding the administrative status of the Grass Section of the USNH (1/4/1938).
Cuatrecasas, J.
Cugnac, H. de
Cummins, G. B.
Cutler, H. C.
Cuyler, W. Kenneth (1940-1948) (also see Blossom expedition)
Darlington, H. T.
Darrow, Robert A.
Daubenmire, R. F.
Daveau, J.
Davis, A. J. E.
Davis, Ray J.
Davy, J. Burtt
Dayton, William Adams (1926-1949) (3 folders)
Deam, Charles Clemon (1926-1951) (4 folders)
Deane, Walter
Degener, Otto
Demaree, Delzie
DeVol, Charles E.
DeWit, H. C. D.
Diels, L. (1920-1933)
Dolder, Erhard
Dore, William G.
Doutt, Margaret T.
Druce, D. C.
Ducker, Peter H. (Mrs.)
Dusen, P. (1904-1926)
Dutra, Jenn
Dwyer, John D.
Dyksterhuis, E. J.
Eagles, L. D.
Eastham, J. W.
Eastwood, Alice (1906-1951)
Edwards, J. W. (publishers, Ann Arbor, Michigan)
Eig, A. (1937-1938)
Ek, Charles M.
Ekman, Erik L. (1922-1931)
Elias, Maxim Kondradovich (1934-1955)
Ellis, Hazel
Ely, J. E.
Enlow, C. R. (1931-1938)
Epling, Carl (1927-1938)
Erlanson, Carl O.
Estee, Elsie L.
Evans, Morgan W.
Evans, Walter
Everist, A. J.
Ewan, Joseph (1935-1958)
Eyre, Grace S.
Fain, John R.
Fairbrothers, David E.
Farwell, Oliver A.
Fassett, Norman C. (1934-1946)
Fawcett, G. L.
Box 3
Featherly, H. I. (1927-1948)
de Febres, Zoraida Luces (1952-1961) (also see Luces de Febres, Z.)
Fedde, Friedrich
Fedtschenko, Boris (1907-1936)
Ferguson, William C. (1923-1930)
Fernald, Evelyn I.
Fernald, Merritt Lyndon (1906-1940)
Fisher, Beryl S.
Fleetwood, Raymond J.
Fleischman, Grace Cole (1932-1942)
Fogg, John M. Jr. (1930-1948)
Fortun, Gonzalo M.
Fosbert, Francis Raymond (1932-1938, 1960)
Fowler, Robert L. (1940-1941)
Franzke, C. J.
Fraser, S. V.
Freier, Felipe
Friesner, Ray C.
Fritz, Emanuel (1923). Important material in regard to Albert Spear Hitchcock's concern over nomenclature and his rebuttal to Fritz's article, "Plea for common sense in changes in botanical nomenclature," Journal of Forestry, volume 21, 1923.
Fryer, J. R.
Fuhr, Clara (1931-1939)
Fuller, Albert M.
Fuller, George Damon (1935-1950)
Fults, Jess L. (1931-1944)
Gager, Charles Stuart (1928-1934)
Gagnepain, F.
Galinat, Walter C.
Gandara, Guillermo
Gander, Frank F.
Garcia-Barriga, H.
Garcia-Molinari, O.
Garrett, A. O.
Gates, Frank C. (1931-1946)
Gates, R. Ruggles
Geiser, S. W.
Gernert, W. B.
Gibbons, Donald F.
Gilkey, Helen M. (1939-1948)
Gilly, Charles
Gilmour, J. S. L.
Gleason, Henry Allen (1930-1941) (2 folders)
Goeldi, Andre
Goessl, Charles
Gold, Herbert
Goodding, Charlotte
Goodding, Leslie N. (1935-1945)
Goossens, A. P.
Gould, Frank W.
Graham, Edward H.
Grassl, Carl O.
Grau, Fred V.
Gray, Peter
Green, D. B.
Green, M. L.
Green, W. H.
Greenman, Jessie M. (1925-1946)
Greenway, P. J.
Greff, G. Weidman
Grover, Frederick
Guild, Eugene R.
Gundersen, Alfred
La Hacienda. Portuguese agricultural science monthly.
Hackel, Eduard (1923-1926) (in German)
Hall, Carlotta (Mrs. H. M.)
Halperin, Morris (1929-1935) (2 folders)
Handel-Mazzetti, H.
Hanes, Clarence R. (1934-1947)
Hansen, L. R.
Hao, K. S.
Harms, H.
Harper, R. M.
Harrington, Harold David (1944-1950)
Harris, J. Arthur (1928)
Harrison, Bertrand F.
Hartley, William
Harvey, LeRoy H. (1937-1946)
Hawkes, Alex D.
Hayata, B.
Hayden, Ada (1935-1942)
Hayes, Doris W.
Heady, Harold F.
Hein, M. A. (1936-1939)
Henderson, J. M. R.
Henderson, Luis Forniquet (1908-1939)
Henke, L. A.
Henrard, J. Thomas (1926-1947)
Henry, James M.
Hermann, F.
Hermann, Frederick J.
Herter, Guillermo
Hess, B. D
Heusser, Calvin
Hill, Arthur W. (1925-1940) (2 folders)
Hinckley, L. C.
Hisauti [Hisauchi], K.
Hitchcock, Albert Spear (1935-1936). Material in regard to the Hitchcock Fund; and biographies of Hitchcock, including one by Charles G. Abbot.
Hitchcock, Albert Spear (1938-1948). Correspondence regarding the distribution of Hitchcock's writings.
Hitchcock, Albert Spear (1931). Correspondence from Hitchcock to Mary Agnes Chase written from Hawaii, and undated postcard written from Tanga Island.
Hitchcock, Albert Spear (1936-1937). Mary Agnes Chase correspondence with members of Hitchcock's family.
Box 4
Hitchcock, Albert Spear (1926). In regard to a 25 year luncheon arrangement for Hitchcock.
Hitchcock, Albert Spear (1934-1938). In regard to the distribution of Hitchcock's Manual of Grasses.
Hitchcock, Albert Spear. Miscellaneous material, including correspondence on the Hitchcock/Chase library; "How Shall the Application of Generic Names be Determined," 1918; photographs including Hitchcock and his family; mimeographed excerpts from Hitchcock's letters, 1921-1930, n.d.; menu from the S. S. Llandovery Castle (7/7/1929), which contains signatures of other botanists; and newspaper clippings regarding Hitchcock.
Hitchcock, C. Leo
Hochreutiner, B. P. G. (1928-1939)
Hoehne, F. C. (1931-1941)
Hoffmann, Ralph (1929-1932)
Hoffman, W. E.
Holdridge, L. R.
Holttum, R. E.
Honda, Masaji
Hoover, M. M.
Hoover, Robert F.
Hopkins, Milton
Hopkinson, M. S.
Horn, Claud L.
Horr, W. H.
Hosaka, Edward Y. (1938-1959)
Hosterman, W. H.
Hotchkiss, Neil (1923-1928)
House, Homer D.
Howe, J. Wendell
Howe, Marshall A.
Howell, John Thomas (1934-1959)
Hu, Hsen-Hsu (1930)
Hubbard, C. E. (1928-1962) (2 folders)
Hubbard, F. Tracy
Hulten, Eric
Humbert, Henri (1932-1966)
Hunnicult, B. H.
Hunter, Dard
Hutchison, C. B. (1930-1931)
Hyslop, G. R.
Iltis, H. H.
Imler, Ralph H.
Iseley, F. B.
Issatchenko, B. (1929-1930)
Jacques-Felix, H.
Janaki-Ammal, E. K. (1928-1939)
Jansen, P.
Jenkins, T. J.
Jennison, Harry M.
Jepson, Willis Linn (1923-1932)
Johnson, E. Lennert
Johnson, Duncan S.
Johnson, Ethelbert
Johnston, Ivan Murray (1927-1946)
Jones, George Neville (1935-1960)
Jones, Jennie S.
Jones, Marcus E.
Jones, Volney H.
Juan, G. E.
Kaeufer, A. E. E.
Kanipe, Louise A.
Kearney, Thomas Henry (1928-1946)
Keck, David D.
Keissler, Karl (1926-1939)
Kellerman, K. F.
Keng, Y. L. (1927-1961) (2 folders)
Kennedy, P. B.
Kephart, L. W.
Kermode, F.
Kiener, Walter
Killip, Ellsworth Paine (1929, 1943). Important letter regarding the administration of the grass section of the United States National Herbarium, and space in the Smithsonian.
Kiltz, B. F.
Kneucker, Andreas
Knobloch, I. W.
Knoll, Fritz
Kobuski, Clarence E.
Koelz, W.
Kol, E.
Kooden, Harold
Koonce, Dwight
Korstein, C. F.
Kraus, E. J.
Kriebel, Ralph M.
Krukoff, B. A.
Kuhlman, J. G.
King, W. H.
Lakela, Olga
Lam, H. J.
Lambert, J. M.
Lancaster, R. R.
Langham, D. G.
Lanjouw, J.
Lawrence, George H. M.
Lawrence, R. F.
Lazarides, Michael
Leavenworth, W. C.
LeComte, H. (1922-1931) (in French)
Lee, Atherton
Legrand, Diego
Leocadio da Silva, A.
Leon, Brother (1923-1946) (2 folders)
de Sesdain, Bouly
LeSueur, H.
LeTestu, G.
Li, Hui-Lin (1952)
Liebenberg, Louis C.
Linder, David H.
Lindman, Carl
Lisboa, J. C. B.
Litardiere, Rene de
Little, Elbert L.
Little, Ernest L.
Loew, Fred A.
Loewith, Julius
Long, Bayard
Looff, Henry B.
Lottinville, Savoie
Louis-Marie, Father (1928-1947) (in French)
Lourteig, Alicia
Luces de Febres, Z. (1941, 1947) (also see under Febres, L. Z.)
Lundell, C. Longworth (1933-1944)
Lutz, H. J.
MacFadden, Fay
MacFarland, F. M.
Mackenzie, Kenneth (1907-1934)
Macmillan Company
Magalhaes, Geraldo Mendes
Maguire, Bassett (1934-1950)
Box 5
Mahoney, J. L.
Malte, M. O.
Mangelsdorf, P. C.
Marie-Victorin, Frere
Marsh, V. L.
Martin, F. E.
Martin, Robert F. (1933-1939)
Martinez-Crovetto, R.
Martyn, E. B.
Mary Clare, Sister
Mason, Herbert Louis
Massey, A. B.
Maulding, Mildred P.
Mauldin, R. C.
Maxon, William Ralph (1909-1940)
Maxwell, A. S.
McClure, F. A. (1931-1955)
McFarland, Frank T.
McIntosh, A. C.
McKittrick, James E.
McTaggart, A.
McVaugh, Rogers
Meader, R. E.
Mehta, K. R.
Melderis, A.
Melhus, I. E.
Melville, George F.
G & C Merriam Company
Merrill, Elmer Drew (1909, 1922-1939) (4 folders)
Merrill, Elmer Drew (1940-1954)
Meslin, Roger
Metcalf, Franklin P. (1927-1938)
Metman, R.
Mexia, Ynes E. (1928-1933)
Michaud, Virginia
Mille, Luis Father
Miller, Frank H.
Miller, Julian H.
Miller, Robert H.
Moldenke, Harold Norman (1931-1946)
Moore, Dwight (1947-1950)
Moore, John W.
Moore, Lucy B.
Morehouse, Robert C.
Morrison, Benjamin Yoe (1932-1936)
Morrison, Benjamin Yoe (1937-1945)
Moss, C. E.
Mott, Gerald
Muenscher, W. C.
Mukherjee, S. K.
Muller, A. S.
Munn, M. T.
Munoz Pizarro, Carlos Meinze
Munz, Philip A.
Murphy, Robert Cushman
Myers, J. G.
Myre, Mario
Nash, Roy
Neal, Marie Catherine (1935-1946)
Nelson, Aven
Nelson, Elmer R. Jr.
Nelson, E. W.
Nelson, James C. (1923-1931). Includes letters regarding European politics; the feminist movement; Eduard Hackel.
Nelson, Martin
Nevski, S. A.
Nicora, Elisa G.
Nielson, Etlar
North, H. F. A.
Norton, J. B. S
Obermyer, A. A.
O'Byrne, John Kennedy
Ohwi, Jisaburo (1933-1937, 1947-1960)
Oliver, F. W.
O'Neill, Hugh
Oppel, Wells
Ordman, G.
Orth, Pedro Canisio
Orton, C. R.
Orzeszko, N.
Osborn, Ben
Osgood, Cornelius
Osten, C.
Owens, E. F.
Ownbey, Marion
Packard, Joseph L.
Page, Virginia (Mrs. Robert M.)
Pak, Chong K.
Palmer, Ernest J.
Pammel, L. H.
Parker, Kenneth W.
Parkinson, C. E.
Parodi, Lorenzo R. (1923-1939) (in Portuguese) (4 folders)
Parodi, Lorenzo R. (1940-1959) (in Portuguese)
Patrick, Leaford A.
Pattison, E. E.
Paunero, Elena
Pearson, Allen M.
Pease, Arthur Stanley
Peattie, Donald Culross
Peck, Morton E.
Penn, Ray E.
Pennell, Francis Whittier (1923-1947)
Penzes, A.
Pepoon, H. S.
Petelot, A.
Petrov, P. A.
Petry, Loren C.
Pfeiffer, H.
Phillips, E. Percy (1930-1944)
Piazza, S. R.
Pickel, D. Benton Jose (1927-1948)
Pieper, J. J.
Box 6
Pierce, Mary-Elizabeth
Pieters, A. J.
Pilger, Robert (1898-1958)
Pinto da Silva, A. R.
Pittier, Henri (1918-1950)
Pohl, Richard W. (1945-1957)
Pole-Evans, I. B.
Polunin, Nicholas
Ponce de Leon, A.
Pool, Raymond John (1936-1950)
Popenoe, Wilson (1959, 1961)
Porsild, Alf Erling (1937-1957)
Porsild, Morten P.
Porter, C. L.
Potter, David
Potts, R. C.
Potzger, John E.
Potztal, Eva (1954-1958) (in German)
Prat, Henri
Pulle, A. A.
Purchase, Albert R.
Quesenberry, G. R.
Questel, Adrien
Quisumbing, Eduardo
Rae, F. J.
Raizada, M. B.
Ramaley, Francis (1936-1938)
Ramsbottom, J.
Rapp, F. W.
Raup, Hugh Miller (1936)
Rechinger, K. H.
Reed, H. R.
Reeder, Charlotte, and John Raymond (1941-1963)
Reeves, A. G.
Rehder, Alfred (1930-1940)
Reid, J. W.
Reko, B. P.
Rendle, A. B.
Retherford, S. E.
Rhind, D. Correspondence concerns Rhind, but is with Bentley Glass.
Richey, Frederick D.
Rickett, H. W.
Ring, L. J. (Mrs. D. C.)
Ritchey, George E.
Robbins, William J.
Roberts, Beryl J.
Roberts, H. F.
Robertson, Joseph H.
Robinson, Albert Jr.
Robinson, Benjamin Lincoln (1907, 1924-1935) (2 folders)
Robyns, W. (1923-1937)
Rojas, Teodore
Rolfs, Peter Henry (1933-1946)
Rosen, H. R.
Rosengurtt, Bernardo (1936-1960)
Roshevitz, R. (1926-1948)
Runyon, H. Everett
Runyon, Robert
Rusby, Henry Hurd (1932-1936)
Russell, Diarmuid
Russell, Paul
Ruth, Albert
Rydberg, Per Axel (1923-1930)
Ryerson, Knowles A.
Rzedowski, J.
St. John, Harold (1926-1950)
Salamun, Peter J.
Sampaio, A. J. de
Sampson, Arthur W. (1925-1960)
Samuelson, Gunnar (1926-1939)
Sanchez, G. Ignacio
Sander, Albert F.
Sando, W. J.
Sandoval, A. G.
Sandwith, N. Y.
Santos, Jose Vera (1940-1961)
Sargent, F. H.
Sartoris, G. B.
Sarvis, J. T.
Savage, D. A.
Savale, William F.
Saviez, V. P.
Schafer, E. G.
Schaffner, John H. (1936-1938)
Schinz, Hans
Schmoll, Hazel M.
Schneider, Burch H.
Schramm, J. R.
Schultes, Richard Evans (1937-1939, 1945, 1957)
Schweickerdt, F. G.
Schweickerdt, H. G.
Scovil, W. J.
Scribner, Frank Lamson (1907-1936) (also see Lamson-Scribner, F.)
Scully, Francis J.
Sears, Paul Bigelow (1937-1945)
Seebach, Adolphe E.
Seibert, Russell Jacob (1945-1946)
Seifriz, William
Semple, Arthur T.
Senaratna, S. D. J. E.
Senn, Harold Archie (1938-1939)
Setchell, William Albert (1931)
Seymour, A. B. Correspondence is with Edith Seymour Jones (Mrs. Fred Jones).
Sharman, B. C.
Sharsmith, Carl W.
Shinners, Lloyd H.
Shreve, Forrest (1935-1939)
Silveus, W. A. (1930-1934) (2 folders)
Silveus, W. A. (1935-1947)
Simms, Stephen Chapman (1928-1936)
Singh, S. Rattan
Skeoch, R. Norman
Small, John Kunkel (1896-1937)
Box 7
Smirnow, S. M. (1884). Addressed to "Cher Monsieur."
Smith, Albert C. (1935-1946)
Smith, Ben W.
Smith, Ernest C.
Smith, E. V.
Smith, Lyman B.
Smith, Nathan R. (1937-1938)
Smith, O. D.
Smith, Stanley Jay
Smuts, Jan C. (1937)
Sohns, Ernest R.
Soil Conservation
Souza-Novelo, Narciso
Sprague, T. A. (1922-1938)
Spurlock, Clay
Standley, Paul Carpenter (1928-1945)
Staner, P.
Stapf, Otto
Stearn, William T.
Stebbins, George Ledyard (1939-1953)
Steere, William Campbell (1942-1949)
Stefferud, Alfred
Stehle, Henri
Steiner, G.
Stent, Sydney M.
Stevens, Frank Lincoln (1925-1930)
Stevens, Orin Alva (1931-1942)
Steward, Albert N. (1931-1959)
Stewart, J. L.
Stewart, Ralph R. (1943-1948)
Steyermark, Julian Alfred (1932-1938)
Stokes, W. E.
Stone, Marjorie W.
Stopp, Klaus
Strausbaugh, P. D.
Street, H. R.
Suarez, Jose
Suksdorf, W. N.
Suringar, J. Valckenier
Svenson, Henry Knute (1930-1946)
Swallen, Jason Richard (1939-1950)
Swanson, Carl P.
Swingle, D. B.
Symmes, Mabel
Tang, Tsin
Tayloe, Jack L.
Taylor, Charles A.
Taylor, William Randolph (1946)
Tehon, Leo R.
Terriacciano, A. (1888)
Tharp, Benjamin C. (1922-1938)
Thatcher, Isabel H.
Thellung, A.
Thompson, J. William
Thone, Frank
Thornber, John James (1932-1939)
Thuringer, Bess L.
Tingley, Maurice
Tisdale, E. W.
Tolstead, W. L.
Toole, Eben H.
Samuel Mills Tracy Herbarium
Tracy, Joseph P.
Transeau, Edgar Nelson (1934-1935)
Trelease, Samuel Farlow (1933-1936)
Trelease, William (1923-1939)
Trotter, Ide P.
True, Rodney H.
Tryon, R. M.
Turner, Arthur R.
Tutin, T. G.
Ufer, Max
Underwood, J. K.
Uphof, J. C. Thomas
Urban, Ignatius (1910-1930)
Valencia, Juan (in Spanish)
Van Eseltine, G. P.
Van Royen, W.
Van Schaack, George B. (1945-1962)
Van Steenis, C. G. G. J.
Vargas, Rebeca Acevedo de
Vavilov, Nikolai Ivanovic (1932-1935)
Velez, Ismael
Venturi, S.
Verdoorn, Frans (1934-1957)
Vestal, A. G.
Viccars, Marion
Vickery, Joyce W.
Viegas, Ahmes Pinto and Glauco Pinto
Vigne, C.
Viguier, Rene
Vinall, H. N. (1928-1937)
Vines, Robert A.
von Flatt, Carl (1898) (in German)
Voss, John
Wadmond, S. C.
Wagnon, H. Keith
Wahl, H. A.
Waldron, Helen J. (Mrs. John)
Walker, Egbert H.
Wallace, Noel W.
Waller, A. E.
Ward, W. F.
Warner, Elsbeth
Waterhouse, W. L.
Weatherby, Charles Alfred (1929-1943)
Weatherwax, Paul (1929-1957)
Welch, Winona Hazel (1937)
Werner, William C.
West, Erdman (1935-1950)
Westgate, J. M.
Westover, H. L.
Wetmore, Alexander (1940)
Wharton, Mary E.
Wheeler, Louis C.
White, C. T.
White, David
Whitehorn, May
Whitney, Leo D.
Whittet, J. N.
Whyte, R. O.
Wiegand, Karl McKay (1923-1938)
Wiggins, Henry H.
Wiggins, Ira L.
Wildeman, E. de
Wilkens, Hans
Wilkins, F. S.
Williams, George D.
Williams, Lindley D.
Williarns, Louis O.
Williams, R. O.
Willis Nursery Company
Wilmott, A. J.
Wilson, Elizabeth
Wilson, Percy (1923-1938)
Wilson, Robert H.
Winterringer, Glen S.
Wise, Charles H.
Wisniewski, Tad.
Witte, William H.
Wittrock, Gustave Ludwig (1935-1942)
Wodehouse, Roger Philip (1935-1939)
Wolden, B. O.
Wolf, Carl B.
Wolff, Simon E.
Woodson, Robert Everard Jr. (1935-1946)
Woolsey, L. H.
Wooten, E. O.
Woronoff, George
Yamamoto, Yoshimatsu
Yanovsky, E.
Young, A. C.
Young, Robert Armstrong (1929-1939)
Yuncker, Truman G.
Zenkert, Charles A.
Zimmerman, Percy White (1933-1934)
Zotov, V. D.
Series 2OFFICIAL OUTGOING CORRESPONDENCE, AGROSTOLOGY SECTION, PLANT INDUSTRY, USDA, ALBERT SPEAR HITCHCOCK AND MARY AGNES CHASE, 1905-1923. BOUND AND INDEXED.
Outgoing letterpress correspondence. April 15, 1905-November 2, 1923. Indexed. 16 volumes. For general contents regarding the material, see the descriptive entry at the beginning of the finding aid. Most of the correspondence is signed by Albert Spear Hitchcock, with Mary Agnes Chase usually signing the correspondence in Hitchcock's absence.
Box 8
April 15, 1905 - January 30, 1907
Box 9
February 5, 1907-May 9, 1909
Box 10
May 9, 1909-June 21, 1910 (Vol. 3)
June 24, 1910-June 8, 1911 (Vol. 4)
Box 11
June 10, 1911-March 14, 1912 (Vol. 5)
March 15, 1912-December 12, 1912 (Vol. 6)
Box 12
December 12, 1912-October 17, 1913 (Vol. 7)
October 20, 1913-August 5, 1914 (Vol.8)
Box 13
August 5, 1914-April 30, 1915 (Vol. 9)
May 4, 1915-January 14, 1916 (Vol. 10)
Box 14
January 14, 1916-October 23, 1916 (Vol. 11)
October 23, 1916-June 23, 1917 (Vol. 12)
Box 15
June 26, 1917-April 13, 1918 (Vol. 13)
April 13, 1918-February 11, 1919 (Vol. 14)
Box 16
February 13, 1919-October 7, 1919 (Vol. 15)
October 7, 1919-November 7, 1923 (Vol. 16)
Series 3NOTES, MANUSCRIPTS AND REPORTS, CIRCA 1921-1965.
Box 17
Notes on Herbaria, 1935 (Mary Agnes Chase)
Mary Agnes Chase notes, 1922 trip
Mary Agnes Chase correspondence, 1929 trip to Brazil
Mary Agnes Chase letters to Albert Spear Hitchcock, written in Brazil
Mary Agnes Chase correspondence and notes, 1941-1945
Mary Agnes Chase - Report on work at Hackel Herbarium at Vienna and at other Herbaria in Europe, March 11-July 20, 1922
Mary Agnes Chase notes, correspondence, clippings, and reports, 1936-1958
Mary Agnes Chase trips to Brazil, 1925-1930
Mary Agnes Chase Brazil letters, 1929-1930
Mary Agnes Chase correspondence and notes documenting her research on grasses in Brazil and Puerto Rico, c. 1924-1941. Contains a copy of the itinerary of Carl von Martius's 1817-1820 exploring trip to Brazil. (Accession 06-208)
Chaetochloa and Panicum glaucum
Mary Agnes Chase manuscripts and related correspondence, 1921-1965
Mary Agnes Chase - Paspalum of South America, manuscript draft and notes (21 folders)
Miscellaneous correspondence, mostly to Albert Spear Hitchcock (2 folders)
Albert Spear Hitchcock - Brief Report on a Trip to Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia, May 25, 1923-February 18, 1924 (includes photographs)
Series 4SCRAPBOOKS, 1893-1921.
Box 18
Albert Spear Hitchcock scrapbook, 1893-1931. 1 volume. Contains journal articles, reprints, and newspaper clippings regarding plants in general; accounts of Hitchcock's explorations; speeches; and articles by Hitchcock.
Series 5MARY AGNES CHASE AND ALBERT SPEAR HITCHCOCK PHOTOGRAPH ALBUMS, CIRCA 1918-1929.
Box 19
Volume 1 #587-#778; #1316A-#1448A. A. S. Hitchcock: British Guiana, 1919-1920; Washington, D.C., including SI and Rock Creek Park; Cuba; Colorado and Wyoming, 1918.
Volume 2 #782-#1118. A. S. Hitchcock: Asia, 1921; Georgia and Florida; Panama and Ecuador, 1923. Includes photographs of Floyd A. McClure.
Box 20
Volume 3 #1119-#1619. A. S. Hitchcock: Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, 1923-1924.
Volume 4 #1757-#1975. Mary Agnes Chase expedition to Brazil, 1924-1925.
Box 21
Volume 5 #1976-#2351. A. S. Hitchcock: Oregon, Washington, California, 1927; Newfoundland and Labrador, 1928; Africa, 1929.
Box 22
Mary Agnes Chase - Photographs. Includes Puerto Rico, 1913. (Accession 06-208)
Series 6SCRAPBOOK PRESENTED TO MARY AGNES CHASE ON HER 80TH BIRTHDAY.
Box 22
Correspondence scrapbook presented to Mary Agnes Chase on the occasion of her 80th birthday, April 20, 1949
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text:
Errors, Lies, & "Corrections"
Edward S. Herman
York Times reporters have had a strong propensity to swallow chemical
industry propaganda: most dramatically with Keith Schneider's proposition
that exposure to dioxin is no more threatening than "spending a week
sun-bathing" (originally said to be the view of "scientists," but
eventually admitted to be Schneider's own creation); and Gina Kolata's
error laden review and Nicholas Wade's angry repudiation of the book Our
Stolen Future—"creating an environmental scare without evidence,"
Wade told the authors, without having read the book (see Mark Dowie,
"What's Wrong with the New York Times's Science Reporting," Nation,
July 6, 1998). "Junk science" for the Times is not the science
produced by industry or its hired hands to protect its right to sell, it is
the science of environmentalists and tort lawyers; the paper's use of the
phrase replicates the views of industry. The Times has never yet
reported the sensational disclosure that both Monsanto's and BASF's
studies showing the harmlessness of dioxin, which were actually used by the
EPA in fixing tolerances, were based on fraud. It has never reviewed or cited
the powerful book by Dan Fagin and Marianne Lavelle on Toxic Deception: How
the Chemical Industry Manipulates Science, Bends the Law, and Endangers Your
Health (Birch Lane, 1996), and I will be surprised if it ever reviews Joe
Thornton's recent Pandora's Poison: Chlorine, Health, and a New
Environmental Strategy (MIT Press, 2000) as this impressive work calls for
radical constraints on the chemical industry.
Phony and Real
reporters regularly get on industry bandwagons that allege unwarranted
"scares," but they are extremely reluctant to explore evidence of the
ill-effects of chemicals or of regulatory weakness and capture that ought to
be scary. For example, when the EPA discovered in the late 1980s that Monsanto
had failed to deliver several hundred internal studies of possible ill-effects
of chemicals, contrary to law, and a follow-up moratorium on penalties
resulted in the industry coughing up 11,000 internal studies that should have
been submitted to the regulators, the Times never even reported this
development, with its huge implications for the workability of existing
procedures for testing and protecting the public from any adverse effects of
chemicalization of the environment.
The Alar case,
in which a February 1989 "60 Minutes" program had featured a cancer threat
from the use of the chemical Alar on apples, resulting in a sharp drop of
apple sales, was quickly denounced by industry and its spokespersons as an
unwarranted "scare." This scare became institutionalized at the Times,
although three months after the CBS program the EPA did ban Alar as a
carcinogenic threat, and the seriousness of this threat was confirmed by the
National Academy of Sciences in 1992. Nevertheless, Jane Brody cited Alar as
the main case in point in her "Health Scares That Aren't So Scary"
(August 18, 1998), stating that the EPA had never condemned Alar, and using as
her information authority the American Council on Health, an industry-funded
propaganda agency that Brody identified only as "based in New York." I
wrote a letter to the publisher, noting that Brody's statement that the EPA
had not condemned Alar was false, and that her identification of the American
Council on Health was inadequate. The Times published a
"Correction" on the Brody piece on September 5, 1998, admitting the two
More Alar
lo and behold, on August 18, 2000, along comes Times columnist John
Tierney, in his "The Apple And the Sins of Journalists," with an even more
egregious set of misrepresentations than Brody on Alar and related issues.
Tierney refers to the American Council on Health as "a consumer education
group in New York," actually going one better than Brody, who located it in
New York without giving it a misleading positive designation. Tierney denies
any health problems associated with pesticides on the grounds that the
"cancer epidemic never arrived," with death rates from cancer down 19
percent. Tierney doesn't recognize any possible ill effects from pesticides
except in the form of cancer, although chemical damage to immune systems and
reproduction have come into increasing prominence (and are featured in Our
Stolen Future). Tierney confuses death rates and incidence; the latter has
risen markedly, the former has almost surely declined because of earlier
detection and improved medical treatment.
Tierney says
that "Scientists denounced the CBS report [on Alar] as inaccurate (there
were more potent carcinogens than Alar), alarmist, and possibly carcinogenic
itself because the ensuing panic caused people to eat less fruit." While
Tierney cites one scientist who questioned the Alar threat, like Kolata he
chooses his experts carefully, and he fails to mention the EPA finding of
carcinogenicity or the National Academy of Sciences confirmation of the cancer
threat from Alar. The parenthetical that there are "more potent"
carcinogens than Alar is idiotic as a basis for denial of a threat, and the
carcinogenic threat of not eating fruit is little more than a joke.
I sent another
letter to the publisher pointing out that Tierney was repeating claims that
had been acknowledged to be false or misleading in an earlier
"Correction," but which the paper's reporters and commentators seem to
be reluctant to abandon. Tierney's misrepresentations, however, were not
subject to a "Correction," although his description of the American
Council on Health as a "consumer education group" was more misleading than
Brody's and his deceptions on Alar and its threats were equally serious.
Furthermore, his statements on pesticides and cancer, and cancer and other
medical risks, which went beyond Brody's, were misleading and silly.
Perhaps it
would have been too embarrassing to have a Correction referring to errors that
had been made and corrected previously in the paper. That would suggest not
only careless editing but a widely internalized bias that the paper has a hard
time keeping under control.
article some years back by Edwin Diamond, A. Biddle Duke, and Isabelle Anacker,
"Can We Expect TV News To Correct Its Mistakes?", in TV Guide
(December 5, 1987), stressed the unwillingness of TV networks to correct
errors, and pointed out that newspapers had developed standard practices for
doing this through correction boxes, letters to the editor, etc. The authors
cited a Gannett Center research report that on average, large newspapers
publish "a correction every other day." But they failed to note the
possibility that the papers might correct a few trivial and obvious errors but
fail to correct more subtle and important ones. Even more important,
"error" may not encompass serious bias in selection of news and sources
and in mode of presentation (placement, tone, structure of material within the
articles, etc.)
A far more
important media shortcoming than an error in dating or misquotation would be
the failure to report essential information, such as the Monsanto and BASF
dioxin study frauds mentioned earlier, the collusion of the EPA and paper
industry in fixing dioxin limits in the late 1980s, and the revelation that
the chemical industry had not submitted 11,000 relevant internal studies on
chemical effects to the EPA.
As another
illustration, after serving up apologetics for the U.S.S. Vincennes'
shooting down of an Iranian airliner in 1988 that killed 290 civilians, the Times
failed to disclose to its readers the contents of the report by Commander
David Carlson in the U.S. Naval Institute's Proceedings (September 1989),
which offered strong evidence that the apolo- getics for the shootdown were
false and that the action was carried out by an irresponsible Rambo commander.
The Times then failed to report President George Bush's award of a
Legion of Merit in 1990 for "exceptionally meritorious conduct" to this
commander of the Vincennes. The Times also failed to report on the
Appendix B insertion in the Rambouillet agreement of a proviso for NATO
occupation of all Yugoslavia, which made war inevitable, and the paper has
never mentioned that an official admitted that this was done precisely because
Serbia needed to be bombed.
Apart from
these (and countless other) lies of omission, there are scads of direct lies
that have remained uncorrected. For years Times reporters have spoken
of an Indonesian invasion of East Timor in the midst of a civil war in 1975,
when in fact the civil war was over well before the invasion. This is an
uncorrectible institutional lie that fits well the 25-year Times
apologetics for the invasion-occupation.


text:
CERRITOS – Mt. San Antonio College will get its shot at history.
Sabrina Norton scored 15 points, including seven down the stretch, and the Mounties will get a shot at a record seventh women's basketball state title after scoring a 51-47 victory over San Joaquin Delta in a California Community College Athletic Association semifinal Friday at Cerritos College.
Mt. SAC, also getting 10 points each from Shaela Flynn (Muir High School) and Johnea Thompson, improved to 29-4 and will face Ventura, an 87-73 winner over Fresno City, in the championship game on Sunday at 1 p.m. at Cerritos College. Ventura is also gunning for a seventh CCCAA title. The Mounties beat the Pirates, 63-54, in December.
San Joaquin Delta, getting 16 points from Selina Moore and seven from Kelci Haueter, finished 27-6.
"We all knew what we had to do and we weren't ready to go home," Norton said. "It was whatever it took, whether it be making shots, getting a rebound or playing defense. We had to do it, and we won."
It was looking bleak for the Mounties after Delta put together a 22-10 blitz for a 46-42 lead with less than five minutes to play. But Mt. SAC, which had lost back-to-back games in December after giving up late leads, showed it could win that way.
Norton, who had 11 points in the second half, made it 46-45 on a three-point play at 3:55 before Thompson scored in the lane for a 47-46 lead with 3:25 left.
Sashanique Youngblood and Tahniya Sweatt (Muir) scored on consecutive inside shots to push it to 51-46 with 1:33 left.
Delta's Teylor McMiller (six points) made one of two free throws at 1:30 before the Mustangs missed consecutive shots with less than a minute to play to clinch it for the Mounties.
"We're known for our defense and that's what we were hoping for at that point," Mt. SAC coach Brian Crichlow said. "We needed to play defense and hit some big shots down the stretch."
Mt. SAC, getting 10 points from Flynn, closed the first half with an 11-5 surge for a 30-24 lead.
The Mounties then took a pair of eight point advantages early in the second half before Delta, getting 3-pointers by Moore and Haueter, used a 14-4 blitz for a 38-36 lead with eight minutes left.
The Mustangs followed with an 8-6 run for a 46-42 lead before Mt. SAC closed the game with a 9-1 surge to advance.
"(Sunday) can be special for these girls," Crichlow said of Sunday's title chance. "I'm just so proud of this group. Sunday we just have to play championship basketball. Do the best that we can do and leave it out all on the floor."