text:
1 Preliminary
This article puts forward the antithesis between the two psychical counterparts of the ego (the objective counterpart of its conscious representation and the subjective counterpart of its unconscious representation), so as to probe their implications in psychoanalysis, a discipline which is ultimately concerned with one specific person. The article will, thus, argue that the subjective counterpart of the ego is synonymous with that person as a generalization or an abstraction, collectively referred to in the Lacanian formulation as the subject. It will touch on the two oppositional 'behavioural' imports of the term (the active import and the passive one) and its unresolved theoretical status in Freud's writings, a status which may have been the fundamental reason for the term to occupy a central position in Lacan's writings. From both philosophical and linguistic viewpoints, an attempt will be made to explain the three distinctive types of the subject in terms of the logical problem that Lacan posits as a new sophism, namely, the impersonal subject, the undefined (or anonymous) subject, and the personal subject. Special emphasis will be placed on the personal subject (as well as the 'personal' ego that is concealed within it), thereby signifying the two-fold analogy between the objective-subjective counterparts of the ego and the conscious-unconscious representations of the subject (being the 'person uttering I'), respectively. Reference will also be made to the conceptual difference between Jakobson's and Lacan's definitions of the personal pronominal I as a 'shifter': while Jakobson considers the category an 'indexical symbol', Lacan regards it as an 'indexical signifier', in which case the diametrical opposition between the subject's statement and his/her enunciation is underlined. This diametrical opposition will be characterized as a prerequisite for the subject's inherent hesitation, and therefore his/her immanent division, between the conscious I (in the statement) and the unconscious I (in the enunciation), a notion of the divided (or rather 'split') subject which appears to originate from Freud's concept of the 'split ego' (or Ich-Spaltung 'split-I' in his terms). Finally, the article will show that the subject is inherently hesitant and immanently divided because of his/her predestined alienation and estrangement through language's constant representation of his/her existence and thinking in the same manner, the language which creates the world of things, at the one end, and whose main medium of transmission is the signifier in the world of ideas, at the other.
2 Exposition
As discussed in a preceding article (cf. el-Marzouk, 2008), the human psyche seems to be constantly torn in the face of the enduring antagonism between the reality principle (the guider of the ego) and the pleasure principle (the controller of the id), an antagonism which may well be aggravated by the severity and austerity of the morality principle (the governor of the super-ego). This enduring antagonism is indubitably entrenched in the general predilection of the psychical apparatus for the obdurate adherence to pleasurable libidinal sources (be they 'sexual' in the literal sense or, otherwise, in the figurative senses of predications) on the one hand, and (entrenched in) its extreme arduousness with the abjuration of these sources on the other. If the morality principle is ethically debilitated in its effect, and becomes subsequently incapable of 'censoring' the pleasure principle, then the ethical debilitation would be 'transferred', as it were, onto the reality principle which would, in turn, be confronting either (or both) of two possible alternatives: firstly, the complete forfeiture of its capacity to maintain the conative and wishfully orientated equilibrium that is indispensable for the ego's self-gratification; and secondly, the absolute submission of its rationality, which appears to be ethically debilitated by 'transference' also, to the irrational vagaries of the id's sexualization (or libidinization). With the perceivable repercussions of these two possible alternatives, the human psyche would be far more stringently torn between the ego being driven into the chaotic realm of the id (in which case the former entity would be as unorganized as the latter entity) and the ego being self-indulgent in the uncontrolled satisfaction of the conative trends that are secreted by the id (in which case the former entity would be as passionate as the latter entity). In either case, there does not appear to exist an escape route for the ego's 'salvation', since the entity, as "a [rider] on horseback, in its relation to the id", would be either doomed to social oblivion (the first alternative) or condemned to social ostracism (the second alternative). Yet, even in the case of the ego's 'deliverance' from both alternatives, where the morality principle is not ethically debilitated, the human psyche would still be torn between the inescapable polarity of the false judgements that are 'consciously' formulated by the ego and the true judgements that are unconsciously formulated by the id, with the extrinsic falseness referring to the objective counterpart of the conscious ego and the intrinsic trueness alluding to the subjective counterpart of the unconscious ego.
It now becomes evident that, upon the least manifestation of the polarity in question, the human psyche would comprise three interdependent entities (the 'passionate' id, the 'rational' ego, and the 'censoring' super-ego). In addition, the 'rational' ego would, in turn, also exhibit its objective counterpart in the conscious representation and its subjective counterpart in the unconscious representation, the representation that is apposite to the crucial similitude between the connate id and the connate-acquired ego in the ensuing presence of the acquired super-ego. If the subjective counterpart of the (unconscious) ego is synonymous with the sense of identity mentioned in a previous article (cf. el-Marzouk, 2007), and if the bulk of psychoanalysis, be it theoretical or practical, is fundamentally concerned with one specific person, then the subjective counterpart of the (unconscious) ego is synonymous with that person as a generalization or an abstraction, collectively referred to as the subject, whose typical particularization or reification is exemplified by the infant or the patient[1]. It is worthy of mention, in this respect, that Freud himself does not use the term 'subject' as a theoretical construct in its own right, but asserts rather that the human psyche, in its tripartite entirety, is still governed by three further distinctive antitheses, viz. 'subject-object', 'pleasure-unpleasure', and 'active-passive'. By the antithesis 'subject-object' he simply means the multitudinous interaction between the ego and the non-ego, thereby signifying a conceptual parallelism between the ego and the subject at the one extreme, and a conceptual parallelism between the non-ego and the outer world at the other extreme. To him, this antithesis is "thrust upon the individual organism at an early stage" and "remains, above all, sovereign in our intellectual activity" at a later stage (Freud, 1915:131). Apart from the antithesis 'pleasure-unpleasure', which determines human activities (human agency or will) and is associated with a determined scale of pent-up feelings, the antithesis 'active-passive' seeks to emphasize the duplex nature of the subject in its 'behavioural' relationship with the object (the outer world): primarily, the subject is passive (or 'receptive') as long as it is stimulated by the outer world; and secondarily, the subject is active (or 'productive') insofar as it responds to the same world. It appears, therefore, that this duplicate nature of the subject within a differential form of antithesis (as well as its unresolved theoretical status in Freud's writings) may well have been the principal reason for the construct as a whole to occupy a central position in Lacan's writings.
In this context, what can be readily extrapolated from Lacan's theorization on the construct of the subject as a generalization or an abstraction is that it is, first and foremost, characterized with a personal nature, contrary to the construct which exhibits an impersonal nature and the construct which displays an undefined (or anonymous) nature. With the pat contention that "the subject is never more than supposed" in connection with his/her disposition (cf. Lacan, 1975-6), these three distinctive types of the subject, so it appears, are easy to pinpoint but so difficult to explain, owing to the depth of their philosophical and linguistic connotations alike, for which reason an attempt will be made here to undertake this quite complex task. In his extremely abstruse, yet brilliant and stimulating, paper "Logical time and the assertion of anticipated certainty: a new sophism" (cf. Lacan, 1966b:161f.), Lacan puts forward a logical problem as a new sophism, which may be summarized in the following way: a warder summoned three choice prisoners and declared to them that he was plenipotentiarily authorized to set one of them free. But before the decision was to be made, the warder entrusted the outcome to a test that the prisoners agreed to undergo. The test dictated that an unknown disk of five known identical disks, which differ only in colour (three whites and two blacks), be fastened to each of the prisoners between their shoulders (i.e. outside their direct visual field). Proscribed were all indirect mediums of seeing one's own reflection and, of course, excluded were all sorts of mutual communication, since the first of the prisoners to leave the cell and deduce the colour of his disk would avail himself of the releasing measure. The warder, then, fastened each of the three white disks to each of the three prisoners as prescribed, and all three prisoners, upon contemplating one another for a certain time, left simultaneously and deduced, each individually, the perfect solution to the logical problem. Lacan restates the solution in his words: "I am a white, and here is how I know it. Since my companions were whites, I thought that, had I been a black, each of them would have been able to infer the following: 'If I too were a black, the other would have necessarily realized straight away that he was a white and would have left immediately; therefore I am not a black'. And both would have left together, convinced they were whites. As they did nothing of the kind [that is, as they hesitated], I must be a white like them. At that, I made for the door to make my conclusion known". "All three thus exited simultaneously, armed with the same reasons for concluding" (Lacan, 1966b:162).
Given the logical problem and its perfect solution, there appear to exist two suspended motions with no spatial order, which enable the three prisoners (henceforth, the subjects A, B, and C) to evince their deduction, even though the crucial functions of these motions are elemental to logical ambiguity. The first suspended motion is marked by the reasoning that subject A imputes to either subject B or subject C (had subject A been a black): had subject B been a black too, subject C would have seen two blacks (A and B), and would have realized that he was a white without hesitation (and vice versa with respect to subject C). It is, therefore, either subject B's hesitation which enables subject C to realize that he was a white or subject C's hesitation which enables subject B to realize that he was a white too, thereby constituting what may called, disjunctive hesitation as a marker of the first suspended motion. The second suspended motion, on the other hand, is marked by the reasoning that subject A imputes to both subject B and subject C (had subject A been a black): had both subject B and subject C realized that they were whites on the basis of the first suspended motion (which is marked by the afore-said disjunctive hesitation), they would have left simultaneously without hesitation. It is, therefore, the realization of both subject B and subject C that subject A was in fact a white which made both subject B and subject C hesitate over whether to decide that they were whites, a differentiated form of hesitation which establishes instead what may be called conjunctive hesitation as a marker of the second suspended motion. Since all three subjects, upon contemplating one another for a certain time, did realize that they were whites, and did subsequently leave with certainty simultaneously, each subject had been enabled by the two suspended motions to deduce the perfect solution to the logical problem. Thus, the two suspended motions appear to have functioned as what may be called, aporetic signifiers (or 'blind spots' in the optical sense), simply because the subjects' synchronous deductions were not founded on what they did actually see (the three white disks), but rather on what they did not see (the two black disks). In consequence, of the three logically possible combinations (••o, •oo, ooo), the two combinations (••o, •oo), which 'existed' only as aporetic signifiers (or 'blind spots'), did nonetheless enable the subjects to correctly deduce the one and only one combination (ooo) as a pregiven[2].
Given the two suspended motions and their functions as aporetic signifiers, there seem to exist three evidential moments with no temporal order, which enable the subject (be it A, B, or C) to evince his/her deduction, since the logical values of these moments prove to be of a differentiated form and increasing order. The first evidential moment is marked by the reasoning which is based on the first combination (••o) as a certifiable conditional statement (If one sees two blacks, one knows that one is a white.), thereby signifying a 'logical exclusion' (i.e. the combination (•••) is excluded). The first evidential moment, therefore, represents itself as the glancing moment, since the protasis of the certifiable conditional statement (viz. the antecedent if one sees two blacks) as a pregiven is converted into its apodosis (viz. the consequent one knows that one is a white) as a given. Hence, the subject that adopts the apodosis of the certifiable conditional statement alludes to the impersonal subject in the form of the partitive impersonalization (one knows that….). The second evidential moment is marked by the reasoning that is founded on the second combination (•oo) as an uncertifiable conditional statement instead (If one were a black, the two whites one sees would surely know that they are whites (without hesitation).), thereby signifying an 'intuitive knowledge' of something that exists beyond the factual givens (i.e. the sight of the two whites within the combination (oo)).The second evidential moment, therefore, manifests itself as the comprehending moment (which includes the glancing moment), since each of the two whites would see a black and a white within the combination (•o), and would thus know that he/she is a white upon his/her semblable's hesitation. Hence, the subject whose performance is suspended by mutual causality upon adopting the apodosis of the uncertifiable conditional statement refers to the undefined (or anonymous) subject in the form of the interdependent undefinedness (or anonymity) (one knows upon the other's knowledge that….). The third evidential moment is marked by the reasoning that is constructed on the third combination (ooo) as a volitional non-conditional statement this time (One wants to declare oneself a white before the other two whites want to declare themselves whites.), thereby signifying, in this case, a 'judgemental assertion' about oneself or 'logical originality' due to the persistence of the comprehending moment in reflection. The third evidential moment, therefore, characterizes itself as the concluding moment (which culminates in the subject's true deduction), since each of the three whites depends on the hesitation of the other two semblables. Hence, the subject that adopts the (entire) volitional statement points to the personal subject in the form of the individual personalization (I know that….).
With respect to the impersonal subject, who is now discernible from the afore-mentioned apodosis of the certifiable conditional statement in the form of the partitive impersonalization (one knows that….), the construct is accounted for in terms of what is known as the 'noetic' (or 'cogitative') subject (Lacan, 1966b:170). As the term 'noetic' (or 'cogitative') would indicate, the construct appears to draw the attention to the paramount significance of the mental processes that are consciously utilized in perception and in cogitation, especially when these mental processes operate in isolation from other mental processes which are similar to them, but nonetheless do function outside their sphere. By analogy, the impersonal subject would connote the psychical independence of the human agency under consideration from any other human agency, with the latter human agency being simply designated 'the other' (who, in turn, establishes his/her own psychical independence). Given the partitive impersonalization (one knows that….), the intended impersonalization of the subject means, therefore, that the human agency under consideration is known to itself, but it is not known to the other (self) at the first evidential moment (the glancing moment). From this angle, the most approximate structural representation that may convey the 'noetic' (or 'cogitative') signification of the construct of the impersonal subject is perhaps what is called in linguistics, the 'impersonal passive' structure, as in the following very communicable utterance in any tangible mode of language, be it the phonemic mode in speaking or the graphemic mode in writing: It is stated that Lacan may or may not be a synthesis of Freud and de Saussure. Thus, the only possible person (or, rather, the impersonal subject) who might actually have made this statement would lurk somewhere in the 'darkness' of the purely grammatical 'subject' of the sentence It, a nominal expletive that can, without affecting the absence of self-knowledge of the person in question, be substituted for the partitive quantifier Someone as the immediate maker of the statement (e.g. Someone stated that Lacan may or may not be a synthesis of Freud and de Saussure.). Here, the impersonal subject has an impersonal ego that is neither active nor passive in the sense intended by Freud, since there does not exist any other ego to establish with it the psychical counterpart of stimulus-response interaction, given the third antithesis 'active-passive' which 'behaviourally' represents this interaction.
With regard to the undefined (or anonymous) subject, who is now understandable from the afore-mentioned apodosis of the uncertifiable conditional statement in the form of the interdependent undefinedness (or anonymity) (one knows upon the other's knowledge that….), the construct is explained in terms of the purely reciprocal subject who introduces the being of the other as such (Lacan, 1966b:170). Accordingly, the undefined (or anonymous) subject would only recognize himself/herself in the other, and would subsequently discover his/her psychical independence (or rather his/her 'sense' of identity) only in absolute equivalence with the other. This indicates that the human agency under consideration, in virtue of its pure reciprocity, is entirely commensurate with, and equally replaceable by, any other human agency. Hence, the undefined (or anonymous) subject does not seem to deviate from the impersonal subject at bottom, since both constructs are looked upon as potentially 'transitional', so to speak (or as potentially 'transitive', in Lacan's terminology, a terminology which may have something to do with the lexical meaning of identification in its ditransitive implementation referred to in a previous article; namely, the relationship of equation or identicalness (cf. el-Marzouk, 2007)). Thus, in the light of the interdependent undefinedness (or anonymity) (one knows upon the other's knowledge that….), the undefinedness (or anonymity) of the subject would denote that the human agency under consideration is known to itself, too, but in a manner which is contingent upon the self-knowledge of the other at the second evidential moment, the comprehending moment (and, of course, vice versa in respect of this otherness, given its pure reciprocity as well). Again, the most approximate structural representation that may disclose the purely reciprocal signification of the construct of the undefined (or anonymous) subject is what is perhaps called in linguistics, the 'impersonal active' structure (in contradistinction with the 'impersonal passive' structure in the case of the impersonal subject). This approximation can be observed in the use of certain quantifiers, such as, the distributive quantifier Everyone or the universal quantifier All, as the immediate makers of the statement (e.g. Everyone stated that Lacan may or may not be a synthesis of Freud and de Saussure; All stated that Lacan may or may not be a synthesis of Freud and de Saussure.). Similarly, the undefined (or anonymous) subject has an undefined (or anonymous) ego that is neither passive nor active in the sense intended by Freud as well, since all other (detached) egos would establish with this ego all the psychical counterparts of stimulus-response interaction, given also the third antithesis 'active-passive' which 'behaviourally' reflects this interaction.
Concerning the personal subject, on the contrary, the subject who is now perceivable from the afore-said (entire) volitional non-conditional statement in the form of the individual personalization (I know that….), the construct is characterized with the logically original subject, the knowing subject who assumes both the impersonal subject and the undefined (or anonymous) subject at each of the first two evidential moments: the glancing moment and the comprehending moment (Lacan, 1966b:170). Accordingly, the personal subject, at either (or both) of these two moments specifically, would both establish his/her psychical independence from the other (as is the case with the impersonal subject) and manifest his/her absolute proportionateness with, and therefore his/her equivalent substitutability for, the other (as is the case with the undefined (or anonymous) subject). Form this standpoint, therefore, the confluence of the psychical independence and the absolute proportionateness in question would appear to touch on the inceptive evidence of the personal subject's immanent division (or rather fissure), as will be seen presently. However, the personal subject is radically differentiated from both the impersonal subject and the undefined (or anonymous) subject at the third evidential moment, the concluding moment, since neither of the latter two subjects is able to assume any of the personal subject's qualities at any evidential moment, owing to his/her non-transitionalness (or non-transitivity, on the analogy of Lacan's term 'transitive'). This would indicate that the afore-mentioned 'judgemental assertion' can only be formulated by the personal subject about himself/herself at the concluding moment, and is thus definitively unimputable to him/her by any other (subject), whether reservedly or unreservedly. It is the impossibility of the imputation itself which is imputable to the personal subject due to his/her perceived idiosyncrasy and his/her perceivable uniqueness, qualities or 'attributes' that are achieved by the human agency under consideration as 'unintentional' activities of self-affirmation or even self-determination. In the light of the individual personalization (I know that….), the personalization of the subject, as such, implies that the human agency under consideration may or may not be known to itself, whether it is unknown to the other (at the glancing moment) or known to itself in a manner that is contingent upon the self-knowledge of the other (at the comprehending moment). For this reason, the seemingly approximate structural representation which may allude to these 'unintentional' activities of self-affirmation (or self-determination) would be a signifier with a specific property, a signifier that ought to unconsciously negate the enunciation of the human agency under consideration upon the employment of the personal pronominals I, You, etc., where each pronominal is the immediate maker of the statement (e.g. I stated that Lacan may or may not be a synthesis of Freud and de Saussure.). Here, the personal subject, as opposed to either of the two other subjects, has a personal ego that is both passive and active in Freud's sense, since not all other (though detached) egos would establish with it the psychical counterparts of stimulus-response interaction, given the third antithesis 'active-passive' which 'behaviourally' represents this interaction, as well.
It follows that the signifier which ought to unconsciously negate the subject's enunciation figures nowhere in the exemplified statement, since the personal pronominal I suggests what Jakobson calls the 'shifter', a term which he borrowed from Jesperson (1923) to draw the attention to the 'person uttering I', thereby stressing the dual function of the shifter as an index and a symbol within the class of 'indexical symbols' (Jakobson, 1957:132). Notwithstanding, of course, the subtle, yet apparently significant, distinction between the two terms in semiotics: while the index points to Peirce's idea of the sign which establishes a contiguous relationship with its referent (e.g. smoke is an index of fire), the symbol refers to de Saussure's notion of the sign which constitutes a more discontiguous relationship with its referent instead (e.g. a red blotch is a symbol of several diseases) (cf. Peirce, 1932). Here, Lacan seems to have aptly reversed the concept of the index by contrasting it with the signifier (and not with the symbol per se), so as to underline, in turn, the opposition between the function of the symptom in medicine as an index of a physical disease (or diseases) and the function of the symptom in psychoanalysis as a signifier of a given psychopathology, the afore-mentioned symptomatic signifier (cf. Lacan, 1966a:129; 1966b:348) (see, also, note 2). For this reason, Lacan characterizes the shifter with what he calls, the indexical signifier (rather than the 'indexical symbol' in Jakobson's sense) to highlight a further distinction between the subject's enunciation (as being a set of indices) and his/her statement (as being a set of signifiers, in contrast), thereby indicating the inherent hesitation (or doubtfulness) of the subject in representing the 'person uttering I'. Lacan cites the example (I am lying) to clarify the distinction, where the subject's enunciation enunciates (implicitly) the intention of lying and deceiving and his/her statement states (explicitly) the actual utterance, meaning that the 'index' of the enunciation is absent, while the 'signifier' of the statement is present (Lacan, 1964:138f.). The only structural representation that may index the 'index' of enunciation in French is the negative particle ne 'but not', as in his oft-cited example (avant qu'il ne soit avéré qu'ils n'y comprennent rien), from which the removal of the particle ne causes the enunciation to lose its pejorative force (Lacan, 1966a:298; 1966b:677). This particle ne is comparable with the English adverbial but in certain examples (e.g. I cannot but think that….), as correctly pointed out by Fink (1995:39), though the adverbial can never be semantically 'superfluous' as he erroneously understands it, since its removal causes the enunciation to lose its compulsive force, too. As a result, the real personal subject would lurk somewhere in the 'darkness' of ne in French or but in English if it figures in the previous exemplified statement (e.g. I cannot but state that Lacan may or may not be a synthesis of Freud and de Saussure.). Such a statement would now imply the polarization of the conscious I behind the signifier (the personal pronominal I itself) in the statement itself, on the one hand, and the unconscious I behind the index (the compulsive adverbial but) in the enunciation, on the other.
It is this sense of the personal subject (as well as the 'personal' ego that is contained within it) on which Lacan places special emphasis, viz. the subject who is discernible from the unconscious I behind the 'index' as a generalization or an abstraction[3]. Thus, the further distinction between the subject's enunciation and his/her statement just mentioned would not only indicate the inherent hesitation (or doubtfulness) of the subject (the 'person uttering I'), but would also signify his/her immanent division (or fissure) referred to earlier, with the latter signification dichotomizing the subject into the conscious I behind the signifier and the unconscious I behind the index. In fact, the subject's immanent division (or fissure), as such, has already been hinted at in suggesting the two psychical counterparts of the ego, given the antithesis between 'false judgements' (on the part of the ego) and 'true judgements' (on the part of the id), as mentioned at the outset. While the objective counterpart of the ego in its conscious representation corresponds with the conscious I behind the signifier, the subjective counterpart of the ego in its unconscious representation coincides with the unconscious I behind the index, with the subjective counterpart being germane to the crucial similitude between the connate id and the connate-acquired ego in the arising presence of the acquired super-ego. Furthermore, this distinction between the conscious I and the unconscious I would also reflect the distinction between the Cartesian subject, who is by definition conscious of his/her existence at the moment of cogitation (I think, therefore I exist), and the logical inverse of the same subject, "who appears at the moment when doubt is recognized as certainty" (Lacan, 1964:126), thereby connoting the 'intended' disjunction between cogitation and existence instead (Either I (do not) think, or I (do not) exist). It seems, therefore, that Lacan's very notion of the divided (or fissured) subject is initially derived from Freud's conception of the split ego (or Ich-Spaltung 'split-I') in the sense of being a deformed outcome of 'disavowal', a conception which may explain the aetiologies of certain psychopathological cases. At first, the conception of the split ego, as such, is rather tersely spoken of in the case studies of neurosis and psychosis, which would "reflect a failure in the functioning of the ego" so long as this entity is consciously inclined to "avoid a rupture [….] by effecting a cleavage or division of itself" (Freud, 1923:217). Then, the same conception is later argued at length but in the case study of fetishism (which is a form of sexual perversion), whereby the ego of the fetishist is split because one part of this ego seeks to deny the castration complex (or its ensuing anxiety) –unlike the other part of the ego that tends to accept the complex (or its ensuing anxiety) (Freud, 1927:356; 1938a:463; 1938b:438f.). In other words, the ego of the fetishist appears, in fact, to be an entity which is split between masculine sexuality and feminine sexuality, respectively, given the crucial difference between the two sexes in infantile 'sexual' behaviour, as explained in a previous article (cf. el-Marzouk, 2007).
From analogy, Lacan's contention that the subject is divided or split between enunciation and statement, the subject whom he symbolizes as $ (barred S(ubject)), would clearly denote that the extent of division or fissure is determined by the act of speech: the subject is divided or split "only insofar as he/[she] speaks"(Lacan, 1966a:269; 1966b:530). This contention would amount to saying that it is "the subject [who] designates his/[her] being by barring everything he/[she] signifies" (Lacan, 1966a:288; 1966b:581). The same contention would also indicate that the subject is seized by an inherent form of hesitation (or doubtfulness), throwing him/her from one part to another by all means, and that all of the aforesaid is a consequence of his/her predestined alienation and estrangement through language's constant representation of his/her existence and his/her thinking alike. It is this alienation and this estrangement which are inexorably connected to the psychical transformation whereby the ego originally 'identifies' itself with an alter ego (Lacan, 1955-6:23). Accordingly, the 'indexical signifier' (or simply signifier) would betray such inexorable attributes (division, hesitation, and alienation) in the same way a parapraxis (a slip of the tongue, the ear, the pen, etc.) betrays the subject's true intentionality, hence the injunction that the subject operates as a construct of the unconscious (the unconscious I) and not as a construct of the conscious (the conscious I). Thus, Freud's mention of the above psychopathological cases (neurosis, psychosis, and perversion) are considered by Lacan the three major clinical structures in which neurosis, in particular, is the 'normal' clinical structure due to the essential occurrence of the split within the subject –unlike the 'abnormal' clinical structure of psychosis where the same split does not seem to occur (Lacan, 1955-6:174; 1960-1:374f.). In consequence, the subject as a generalization or an abstraction is, basically, a neurotic subject as a by-product of language with all its forms of association, a subject who is divided, hesitant, and alienated at the very moment he/she expresses his/her buried self through the medium of the signifier.
3 Summary
To summarize, the psyche is constantly torn between the polarity of the false judgements (on the part the 'conscious' ego) and the true judgements (on the part of the unconscious id), a polarity which may correspond with the two psychical counterparts of the ego (the objective counterpart of its conscious representation and the subjective counterpart of its unconscious representation), given the crucial similitude between the ego and the id in a given quantum of unconsciousness. If Psychoanalysis is ultimately concerned with one specific person, then the subjective counterpart of the ego would be synonymous with that sense of person as a generalization or an abstraction, collectively referred to as the subject. The term, in fact, is not employed by Freud as a theoretical construct in its own right, though it figures in his writings as an agency in concomitance with the object to constitute one of the three antitheses that govern the psyche in its entirety (viz. subject-object, pleasure-unpleasure, and active-passive), thereby stressing the dual nature of the subject in its 'behavioural' relationship with the object (passive and active). This duplicate nature of the subject as a term (and its unresolved theoretical status in Freud's writings) may have been the principal reason for the term to occupy a pivotal position in Lacan's writings, where three discrete types of the subject are discernible with reference to the logical problem that is posited as a new sophism. Firstly, the impersonal subject who is explained in terms of the noetic (or cogitative) subject in the sense that the intended human agency is psychically independent of any other human agency, meaning that the impersonal subject is known to himself/herself, but is not to the other (e.g. It is stated that….; Someone stated that…., etc.). Secondly, the undefined (or anonymous) subject who is accounted for in terms the purely reciprocal subject in the sense that the intended human agency is absolutely proportionate with, and equally substitutable for, any other human agency instead, meaning that the undefined (or anonymous) subject is known to himself/herself in a manner that is contingent upon the self-knowledge of the other (e.g. Everyone stated that….; All stated that.…, etc.). Thirdly, the personal subject who is characterized with the logically original subject, the knowing subject who assumes the first two types of the subject, but is radically differentiated from them, owing to his/her idiosyncrasy and uniqueness, attributes that are achieved by the intended human agency as unintentional activities of self-assertion or self-determination, thence denoting that the personal subject may or may not be known to himself/herself, irrespective of the other (viz. his/her self-knowledge) (e.g. I stated that…., etc.). Whereas the affirmative mode of the intended human agency in the statement is present (the conscious I), its negative mode in the enunciation is absent (the unconscious I), but may lurk behind the indexical semlable of the adverbial but in certain utterances (e.g. I cannot but state that…., etc.). It is this notion of the subject as a construct of the unconscious that has its considerable significance in the Lacanian formulation, where the diametric opposition between statement and enunciation reflects the subject's inherent hesitation and his/her immanent division, a notion of the divided subject which derives from Freud's concept of the split ego, and which is taken as evidence of the 'normal' clinical structure of neurosis (unlike the 'abnormal' clinical structure of psychosis where the split does not seem to occur). As a result, the construct of the (personal) subject, who is basically a neurotic subject in the 'normal' clinical structure, does indicate a being who is hesitant and divided and alienated through the language's constant representation of his/her existence and thinking alike, the language which creates the realm of things and whose main medium of transmission is the signifier in the realm of ideas.
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Fink, B. (1995): The Lacanian Subject: Between Language and Jouissance. Princeton: P.U.P.
Freud, S. (1915): Instincts and Their Vicissitudes. P.F.L., vol. 11.
Freud, S. (1921): Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego. P.F.L., vol. 12.
Freud, S. (1923): Neurosis and Psychosis. P.F.L., vol. 10.
Freud, S. (1927): Fetishism. P.F.L., vol. 7.
Freud, S. (1938a): Splitting of the Ego in the Process of Defence. P.F.L., vol. 11.
Freud, S. (1938b): An Outline of Psychoanalysis. P.F.L., vol. 15.
Jakobson, R. (1957): Shifters, verbal categories, and the Russian verb. In his Selected Writings,
vol. 2. The Hague: Mouton (1971:130-147).
Jesperson, O. (1923): Language: Its Nature, Development, and Origin. New York.
Lacan, J. (1955-6): The Seminar. Book III. The Psychoses. Trans. R. Grigg. Routledge (1993).
Lacan, J. (1960-1): Le Séminaire. Livre VIII. Le Transfert. Paris: Seuil.
Lacan, J. (1964): The Seminar. Book XI. The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis.
Trans. A. Sheridan. Vintage (1998).
Lacan, J. (1966a): Écrits: A Selection. Trans. A. Sheridan. Routledge (1997).
Lacan, J. (1966b): Écrits. Trans. B. Fink. Norton (2006).
Lacan, J. (1975-6): Le Séminaire. Liver XXIII. Le Sinthome. Est. J.-A. Miller, Ornicar?, vol. 6.
el-Marzouk, Gh. (2007): الدمج / Identification. Damascus: Maaber. (In Arabic and English)
el-Marzouk, Gh. (2008): الأنا / The ego. Damascus: Maaber. (In Arabic and English)
Peirce, C. S. (1932): Elements of Logic. In his Collected Papers, vol. 2. Cambridge: H.U.P.
[1] Notice, here, that the subject as a generalization or an abstraction points to the universal implication of the term, strictly speaking, and is therefore nothing to do with the definiteness of the specific individual under consideration (i.e. the infant or the patient in the non-generic sense). This universal implication corresponds to Lacan's notion of generality, a notion which is diametrically opposed to the notion of collectivity, especially with reference to its logical conception. In his words: "the collectivity is defined as a group formed by the reciprocal relations of a definite number of individuals –unlike the generality, which is defined as a class abstractly including an indefinite number of individuals" (Lacan, 1966b:174). Thus, Lacan's allusion to collective psychology is reminiscent of Freud's formulation of group psychology, whose major focus is on the constitution of the collective psychology of a group on the basis of certain alterations in the individual psychologies of its members –unlike Le Bon's formulation, where the emphasis is laid on "the [psychical] alteration which the individual undergoes when in a group" (Freud, 1921:99).
[2] To refresh the memory as a conceptual preamble to a forthcoming article on the linguistic entity of the signifier, specifically, three discrete types of the signifier have been mentioned thus far, and may be re-adumbrated as follows. In a previous article (cf. el-Marzouk, 2007), it is stated that, with the (intervening) inversion of the Oedipus complex, the identifier assimilates one single character-trait from the identified (as is the case with young Dora who was imitating her father's tormenting (catarrhal) cough). This single character-trait is considered to be a 'signifier', and is then introjected under symbolic identification to ultimately connote 'identification with the symptom'. The first mentioned type, therefore, is what may be called, the symptomatic signifier (the cough itself). On the contrary, the infant's most pristine form of reflexive self-realization is also regarded as a 'signifier', and is thus introjected instead under imaginary identification to initially denote 'identification with the imago' in the mirror stage. The second mentioned type, therefore, is what may be called, the specular signifier (the imago itself), with the third mentioned type being the aporetic signifier (the suspended motion itself). However, all such three types of the signifier would operate outside the domain of language (whether the signifier is a symptom or an imago or a suspended motion). For this reason, the three types are classifiable under what may be called, extra-linguistic signifiers, with what may be called, intra-linguistic signifiers, in contrast, referring to those which operate inside the domain of language, as will be seen in a forthcoming article.
[3] Recall that the subject as a generalization or an abstraction refers to the universal implication of the term, where Lacan's notion of generality, unlike that of collectivity, "is defined as a class abstractly including an indefinite number of individuals" (see note 1). The indefiniteness which defines generality is, therefore, attributed to the extendibility of the logical problem discussed in the text by recurrence, a mathematical process which underpins the application of this problem to an infinite number of subjects, provided that the number of the black disks is equal to the number of the subjects minus one. Thus, if the warder summons four choice prisoners (A, B, C, and D) and is in possession of seven disks (four whites and three blacks), then the solution to the problem may recur as follows: A knows that he is a white. Since B, C, and D were whites, A thinks that, were he a black, each of them would infer the following: B knows that he is a white. Since C and D were whites, B thinks that, were he a black too, each of them would infer the following: 'If I too were a black, the other would know that he is a white; therefore I am not a black'. As they all hesitated, I must be a white like them. And so on and so forth (cf. Lacan, 1966b:175, n.4).


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Tag Archives: artwalk
Fins to the Left!
Calling all Parrotheads…Artwalk this coming Friday, drop by Nomad and see my surfboard fins and a few other things. The work has nothing to do with Jimmy but it is fun.
Like "Nomad" on Facebook for a chance to Win an original painting from Earthmonster!
Nomad "Eclectic Art, Apparel and Design Studio ", Nomad nurtures and promotes local artists by providing exhibition opportunities and special programs to help market their original works. For the next 15 days you will have the opportunity to "Like Nomad
First Friday At The Nomad
It's First Friday Artwalk this weekend. We'll be showing at Nomad World Products this month so drop by and meet Mick Whitcomb and Paige Blotter the Owners and Managers of Springfield's Newest "Eclectic Art, Apparel and Design Studio ". I've
Don't Pet The Dog.
SquidFoo Art Gallery and Studio will be displaying recycled, upcycled and reformed rubbish turned into art so good you could bring it home to mom. Cigar box guitar, ray guns made of plastic bottles, bags made from cargo pants, and

subset: commoncrawl


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ATLANTA — A black Alabama poultry worker who sued his employer for race discrimination, saying a white supervisor called him "boy," can collect monetary damages awarded by a jury, a federal appeals court ruled in an opinion that reversed its decision last year to throw out the verdict.
The 11th Circuit U.S. Court of Appeals ruled Friday that the use of the word "boy" wasn't enough by itself to prove discrimination at the Tyson Foods plant in Gadsden, Ala., but there was enough other evidence of discrimination to uphold the jury verdict. Judge Ed Carnes wrote that a white supervisor had used the word in a "racially demeaning way."
That's an about-face after the same appeals court last year ruled that the term "boy" had been used in a way that was "conversational" and amounted to "ambiguous stray remarks." Civil rights leaders such as former Atlanta mayor Andrew Young and former Southern Christian Leadership Conference president the Rev. Joseph Lowery were outraged and asked the court to reconsider.
"This corrects a terrible injustice," said Stephen Bright, senior counsel for the Southern Center for Human Rights, who followed the case. "The court has at long last recognized how offensive it is to refer to adult black men as 'boy.'"
The Atlanta Journal-Constitution reports that the ruling restores $364,049 in damages to John Hithon, who sued the Alabama poultry plant saying a white supervisor had denied him a promotion because of his race and had once called him "boy."
His employer, Tyson Foods, won a partial victory. The appeals court upheld a judge's decision to throw out $1 million in punitive damages a jury had awarded Hithon.
Gary Mickelson, spokesman for Tyson Foods, said the company had not had time to review the ruling. But he said Tyson has "a corporate policy and training program in place to help us provide a work environment free of unlawful harassment and discrimination."
When the case went to trial, Hithon testified that a white supervisor once said "Hey, boy" to him as he was leaving a conference room. A black co-worker, Anthony Ash, testified the same white supervisor had once called out to him during a lunch break, "Boy, you better get going."
The white supervisor denied making the remarks and Tyson's lawyers had argued there was no evidence show he had treated black workers any differently than white employees.


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Credits & Info
- Uploaded
- Feb 24, 2010 | 11:08 AM EST
- File Info
- Song
- 5 min 27 sec
- Score
- 3.78 / 5.00
Related Content
Licensing Terms
Please contact me if you would like to use this in a project. We can discuss the details.
- Score:
- Rated 3.78 / 5 stars
- Plays & Downloads:
- 22,201 Plays | 4,674 Downloads
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- Genres:
- Electronic - Dance
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Author Comments
Rated 5 / 5 stars
If I hear...
"Damn yous a sexy bitch" one more time i'm going to kill myself.
The song is good.
But fuck.
That gets hella annoying.
Rated 5 / 5 stars
I dont see what the DAMN problem is! This is a DAMN good song and I like it! Good song bro!
Rated 5 / 5 stars
its hard to like this song without the vocals, but ill still give to a 10 for the trouble you put into it
Rated 5 / 5 stars
I like this remix. Dont see the problem with these haters
Rated 5 / 5 stars
It's called a remix. If the guy was making money off this, you guys would have a reason to complain. But he's not. So, you dumbasses who decided to vote this down? Fuck off.
As for that guy that says "I want to listen to stuff that's different than what's on the radio", well, nobody made you listen to this song. A whole portal out there, and you pick this, knowing what it is? Yeah you totally don't want to listen to it.


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I can't get enough of the Spring Court B2 sneakers. Simply one of the most comfortable hi-top sneaker on the market. Don't believe me? Slip a pair on and tell me that the airsole is not the first thing you notice about these perforated beauties. Killer fit and they look great. Classic and timeless.
More views of the Spring Court B2 Punch Sneakers after the jump.


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Rolf S Kaas
Affiliation: National Food Institute
Country: Denmark
Detail Information
- Estimating variation within the genes and inferring the phylogeny of 186 sequenced diverse Escherichia coli genomesRolf S Kaas
DTU Food, The Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
BMC Genomics 13:577. 2012..This knowledge will be useful for creating better phylogenies, for determination of molecular clocks and for improved typing techniques...
- snpTree--a web-server to identify and construct SNP trees from whole genome sequence dataPimlapas Leekitcharoenphon
National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
BMC Genomics 13:S6. 2012..Furthermore, all current methods require bioinformatic skills. Thus, we lack a standard and simple automatic tool to determine SNPs and construct phylogenetic tree from WGS data...


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The City of Chiefland wants to change the terms of its contract with Levy County for the operation of the Luther Callaway Public Library located behind City Hall, but the county is not budging.
If you currently subscribe or have subscribed in the past to the Chiefland Citizen, then simply find your account number on your mailing label and enter it below.
Click the question mark below to see where your account ID appears on your mailing label.
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Museums are institutions which help people understand and appreciate the world.
Museums collect objects of scientific, aesthetic or historical importance. They care for them, study and exhibit them for the purpose of public education and the advancement of knowledge. Museum can be found I almost every big city in the world.
Museums also function as educational institutions which offer many benefits to their visitors. People of different ages, interests, background, and abilities can explore and do self-learning at the museums. They are also public places where people can be entertained, inspired, introduced to new ideas.
There are some major types of museums. The most common one is the history museums. They usually collect a wide range of objects including fine art, furniture, clothing, documents, and other materials. The next type of museums is the art museums. They reflect artistic accomplishment, both historic and contemporary. Their collection includes paintings, sculpture, prints, drawings, photographs, ceramics and glass, metal work, and furniture.
The next two museums are the natural history museums and the science museums. The first type of museums usually focuses on nature and culture. Dinosaurs, gems and minerals, native and ancient cultures are always popular exhibits at natural history museums. Meanwhile, the science museums are dedicated to improve public understanding of science and scientific achievements. Science museums usually allow people to experience and experiment.
(Taken from English on Sky, grade IX)


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The Patagonia Men's Classic Retro-X Jacket is a windproof fleece for working by day and campfire by night. Fall wind and spring chills and just staying cozy through winter. Keep the wind off your back and explore the leaf-strewn trails, just tuck your hands in your pockets to keep fingertips warm.
Products on Sale are Discontinued Styles or Colors.


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Olens Technology XPJ Personal Multimedia LCD Projector - 750 ANSI Lumens, 640 x 480, 4:3, with additional Lamp includedItem#: YYST-XPJ | Model#: XPJ
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Problems Shooting Single Rounds Outta my M1903?
For some reason whenever I try to shoot single rounds out of my M1903, it seems extremely difficult... The bolt wont close completely, Feels like the extractor wont go over the cartridge rim. Why would this be? I thought the '03 was designed to be able to shoot single rounds with a full magazine, isnt that the whole reason for the cut-off switch?
Ive even tried to get a little "firm" with it but im afraid to try too hard and break the extractor... When I shoot rounds from the magazine, it works flawlessly.. :confused:
I'll try mine and see if I get the same problem... I would think you'd not have an issue chambering a single round without using the magazine though or at least shouldn't...:confused:
I just tried mine with 5 in the mag; the 6th cartridge chambered wonderfully.
Try it without cartridges in the magazine.
Try it chambering a different cartridge.
Ive tried with all the ammo I had... Military rounds from 1933, 1943, 1945, 1969, Military match from 1962 (it almost worked..), Greek military from 1977, and commercial rounds.... none worked, nor did it make a difference if the mag was full or not... Like I said, they feed perfectly from the mag, but the extractor wont go over the rim when laying a loose round in the action..
So, if all yours do why wont mine? What would cause this?? :confused::mad:
I really like the idea of be able to feed single rounds at a time and keep a full mag until its "needed"
Maybe during your rifles lifetime it had its extractor replaced.
But why would that cause it not to feed single rounds? I thought ALL '03's could? Arent all 1903 extractors the same?
Are you dropping a round in the chamber and trying to close the bolt??
The mauser type actions---1903, Arisaka and others---are "controlled
feed". If you want to do a single shot, push the round down into the
magazine and let it feed up the bolt face and behind the extractor hook.
You can bevel the extractor so it will snap over a chambered round, but
a ummodified stock extractor will have a difficult time doing it.
Yes--I know this kind of goes against the reason for a magazine cutoff.
I don't have a good explanation!:)
That sucks :(
I just like to try all the features out on my mil-surps...
Ive been thinking lately I wanna try out the A-A sights on my Type 99...
I wonder if they make .30 shot capsules? So I can go skeet shooting with it... :D
Here is my bolt face.
Yours doesn't look like that?
|All times are GMT. The time now is 09:08 PM.
Copyright ©2000 - 2017, Jelsoft Enterprises Ltd.


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Central Ohio Dancers Raise Money For Bombing Victims
Central Ohio Irish dancers show their passion every time they step out onto the dance floor. It's a passion that extends beyond competition.
Saturday, their passion was about helping one of their own.
"Our Irish dance community is like a big family," said Muireann Ni Chiara of the Millenium Academy of Irish Dance. "So when anything happens to someone from our community, we like to come together to support each other. Jane Richard is a little Irish dancer in Dorchester up in Boston."
Seven-year-old Jane Richard was severely injured, losing her leg in the April 15 Boston Marathon bombing. Her 8-year-old brother Martin was killed and her mother was critically injured.
Hundreds gathered for the annual Irish Dance competition Saturday at the Veterans Memorial in Columbus. All proceeds from the popular lunchtime Treble Reel Special dance will be donated to the Richard family in Massachusetts.
Isabella Spencer and dozens of others wrote special messages of encouragement for Jane.
"I said 'keep strong during your recovery,'" she said.
"I know how it would be if someone in our dance school, that happened to them, so I feel really bad," said Kiley Brennan.


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Frontal View of the case with everything hidden. The side flanges can be released for access to the front panel ports.
The side flanges opened. Right here, you can see the USB, firewire and sound expansion ports on the left and the power & hdd activity LED and not forgetting a very small reset button on the right.
The back of the case. On the top, you can see an additional PCI bracket holder that's made specially to hold your fan controllers or additional expansion brackets that you might need in the course of your system assembly. That also means you will be able to fully utilize the remaining PCI slots for expansion devices if needed. Cheers to Silverstone for being able to conceptualize and implement such a useful feature. As you can also see, there is a elongated mount that's customized to fit Silverstone's very own Crossblower cooler as there simply isn't any space available for any exhaust fan mounts. This is something that's pretty tricky as the PSU is mounted sideways, meaning that system temperature will definitely be a tad high than any other system with a dedicated exhaust fan.
Meanwhile, even the included PCI bracket covers and the bottom of the case is perforated to maximize ventilation within the case.


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My neighbor claimed he saw a pile of autumn leaves around the base of a saguaro in another neighbor's yard. Shedded red, brown and yellow leaves were piled high around the base of the old spiny giant as if it were a New England maple tree.
He said, "It's beyond me how the saguaro did that, but it looked spectacular. Must be some kind of new hybrid from the Desert Museum."
Nothing says autumn like gorging on "Tucson Meet Yourself" fry bread, gargling horchata, listening to bagpipers screeching and mariachis wailing, and checking the sky every once in a while for signs the migration has begun. The first one to spot a Blue Tufted Snowbird heading south into our valley wins a pumpkin and an extra wait at the stoplight for the next six months.
Note to newbies: The almanacs are all wrong about when summer ends and autumn begins. Here summer is officially over on Halloween, also known as "la noche when you will first need a sweater."
If this cold snap persists I may have to put on socks and begin braiding my leg hairs. It's something we Irish do to prepare for winter. Yes. We are descended from Hobbits.
• The number of Christians who can no longer be categorized as Protestant keeps growing like loaves and fishes at a soul picnic.
The number of people claiming to practice no faith surprised me. Every single American adult I know practices a religion. We all worship an imminent God that is present throughout our world. We worship flat-screen TVs.
And our spiritual depth is about as thick as the plasma screens etching white noise on our brains at least five hours a day. We are Box Stimuli disciples - adherents addicted to vast amounts of nothing, whether it's games or cable chatter, streaming nonstop in divinely digital color and sacred surround sound through our obedient heads.
The all-powerful remote is our sacred scepter. Like a Tibetan monk thumbing a prayer wheel to make it spin, we channel surf endlessly to nowhere in adoration of the temporal and trivial. Where is thy remote? It was lost and now its found. Hallelujah and amen.
• Stories about faith call to mind the city of Tucson, which testifies that downtown shall be reborn as often as mullahs chant the call to prayer.
In its inaugural year, Tucson's streetcar system is expected to generate more than $300,000 in rider fares while needing a $4,000,000 local subsidy. Comparing the zeroes, a keen mind will detect a math problem. If you see the problem, you are not qualified to be a city employee.
When I was 12, I had a lemonade stand. I spent a fortune on lumber, nails and paint and a smaller fortune amassing an inventory of fresh lemons. Building the stand and squeezing the lemons to make fresh juice took hours of labor. I sold three glasses of lemonade in one entire summer for a total revenue stream of seventy-five cents. Compared to the city of Tucson's transportation department I am a genius.
Here is my suggestion: Raise the fares to $457.58 per ride. Critics point out that streetcars have fallen out of favor, citing Disneyland's decision to close Toontown's Jolly Trolley in 2009 because Roger Rabbit made it impossible for a streetcar to maneuver safely. Undaunted by such whining, City Manager Richard Miranda said the light-rail system will attract people downtown - people hoping to overturn the streetcars like angry Greeks.
• If carping and griping and finger-pointing could build a city, Tucson would be Manhattan with saguaros.
I eat and shop downtown often in support of the many capitalists who have risked it all by planting their stake in all that's left of the old heart of the Old Pueblo. You can still feel the frontier, Dillinger and the barrio ghosts, and in the old bricks you can feel the potential.
I'll take downtown over the plague of characterless strip malls and suburbia splendida that dull our valley. Where the faint-hearted see bureaucrats and boondoggles, farsighted risk-takers are reviving it parcel by parcel like forty-niners who see a gold mine.
• Lunching at The Hub I came upon this tabloid nugget:
Tea Party Baby,
Listen, doll face, I think it's time we saw other people. In fact, don't come near me for the next couple of weeks. I already started to lie about us to strangers: I never saw you before in my life.
I'd like to hang out with other people. People like centrists and moderates, you know, crazy cats who aren't Neanderthals. And, frankly, you are embarrassing.
Now, don't cry. Remember that time when I made a birther joke to cheer you up? I even learned to speak your racial code language at rallies. All I had to say was "food stamps are for losers" and you'd squeal like a tomcat.
It's been humiliating when I think about what I had to do, and say, to get you to like me.
I'll call after the election.
Good times,
Email Star cartoonist David Fitzsimmons: email@example.com


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Lyndon LaRouche has laid out the clear and precise marching orders to save the nation. Absolutely nothing short of the immediate implementation of the three-tiered solution of Glass-Steagall, National Banking and NAWAPA XXI, as an inseparable whole, will do.
Although Mr LaRouche refers specifically to the US, Ireland's problems are no less perilous and no less in need of similar, urgent action. The same three-tiered solution will work for us as well, substituting nuclear power, a high speed, mag-lev rail network and the Shannon Super-Port for NAWAPA XXI.
Are Kenny and Gilmore our Obama and Geithner?
Watch the video presentation from LPAC


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BattPowr Pro - Accurate Battery App
Copyright © 2009-2011 XCool. All rights reserved.
Your reference to all 461 Japanese Emoji icons available on the iPhone or iPod touch. If you are not sure what does # mean, then look it up in XEmoji!
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iType2Go - Update Facebook/Twitter While Walking!
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Urban Decay Liquid Liner Reviews
FABULOUSThis is the best eyeliner. I have search for the perfect liner and this is it. It goes on smoothly and looks perfect and professional. It is definitely worth the extra cost. — 7 years, 10 months agokathy347 | 3 reviews
The best liquid eyelinerI have hooded lids, so it's nearly impossible to get an eyeliner to stay put on my eyes. By midday it's always rubbed off all up in my lids and looking really goofy. Urban Decay's Liquid Liners broke my record, it's the only eyeliner I've found that will stay put until I take it off, and the colors are loads of fun. Once I apply, I keep looking down for about a minute to let the liner dry and then it's set and it doesn't budge, run, smear or move. This is great stuff! — 8 years, 5 months agoKaldanzia | 18 reviews
love urban decay, LOVE this eyeliner!i had never used liquid eyeliner before this. i always thought it would be too hard. i got this in "crash" as a sample, and i was hooked from the get-go! so easy to apply, stays put ALL DAY, and i love the 3 colors i've gotten since then! — 8 years, 5 months agokhat12 | 42 reviews
This review is: Helpful | Not helpful | Inappropriate | 2 of 2 people said helpful
Good liquid linerThis liquid liner is a good product and is fairly easy to use. I'm not a big fan of the brush, but then again I haven't found one that I really like yet. I bought the purple color and it wasn't what I was looking for. I wanted a very vibrant purple and this is much more subtle of a color than I was looking for. It does stay on great though! — 8 years, 8 months agoMindys4 | 84 reviews
Great Colors!!!The formula is pretty good. It stays on fairly well. I sweat a lot but I do find I have to do less touch ups with this liner. The only thing I cannot stand is the bottle shape. I just bought it but it feels like the brush barely goes down in the bottle. Another thing I don't like is the names of the colors. I bought Roach. It is brown and not plum like the descriptions only describe it. ...read moreI did not even know they called it plum until I saw it on a sight. It has some sparkles to it and is a great color. The name is memorable but I don't like wearing something on my eyes named after a bug. All in all it is a great liquid liner. The brush is easy to use and it had decent staying power. They just need to redesign the bottle it is very awkard. I would recommend it to everyone. I would just let them know they may lose a lot of the product due to the bottle shape. Oh, I also have very sensitive skin around my eyes and this product has given me no trouble at all. — 9 years agojsp4zc | 15 reviews
Love it!I got this stuff in Radium (blue) and it's great. It goes on easily, stays put, and if I keep a neutral face, I can wear it to work! Best liquid liner I've used to date and I like the packaging. — 9 years, 1 month agoBeamerCG | 184 reviews
Don't hate liquid liner anymoreI was new to liquid eyeliner when I tried Urban Decay ("honey" is still my sentimental favourite). It didn't take long to get the hang of, the handle is shaped more like a pen. Now I'm comfortable applying other liquid liners. — 9 years, 2 months agofreelancerNC | 27 reviews
okThese are ok, not great. They are a little hard to work with. The brush is supper thick and big so getting a nice smooth thin line is really hard, even for me, someone that has worn liquid eyeliner for 10+ years. I would say these are the same as their old formula. Nothing special or new. I found they worked best when smudged out. I bout two different colors a blackish one and a gold one the gold ...read moreone worked so much nicer then the black it seemed like a smoother formula. I don't know how that can be. — 9 years, 3 months ago51lincoln | 105 reviews
Can't Live Without It!Urban Decay Liquid Liner in Perversion is a product I can't live without. It glides on smoothly. The application isn't difficult at all. They offer a wide selection of colors. It stays put and dries quickly. I wear it for over 12 hours and don't need to reapply. For the price and the quality, it's really a steal! — 9 years, 3 months agosokrchik89 | 1 reviews
This review is: Helpful | Not helpful | Inappropriate | 2 of 2 people said helpful
My favorite liquid liner!I normally prefer either cream or liquid eyeliners - despite the "learning curve" for using a brush accurately, I find that I get a neater line, more control, and more intense color than if I used a pencil. This liner is remarkably easy to apply and the colors have a lovely sheen, with excellent color payoff. It does not transfer (provided I let it dry thoroughly) and lasts literally a...read morell day and then some, but comes off effortlessly. It does take patience, as it is slow to dry - but a hairdryer, set on low/cool, will hasten the process if you are in a hurry. I own Radium (bright blue), Crash (metallic purple), and Perversion (black ink) . Highly recommended! — 9 years, 3 months agolittlegminor | 4 reviews
This review is: Helpful | Not helpful | Inappropriate | 3 of 3 people said helpful
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My Reasons for Reporting This


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Detail Information
- Draining ears and tympanostomy tubes: a survey of pediatric otolaryngologists and pediatric emergency medicine physiciansVahe Badalyan
Inova Fairfax Hospital for Children, Pediatric Residency Program, Falls Church, VA 22042 3300, USA
Pediatr Emerg Care 29:203-8. 2013..Pediatric emergency medicine (EM) physicians have no such guidelines...
- Congenital paraurethral cysts in two newborn girls: differential diagnosis, management strategies, and spontaneous resolutionVahe Badalyan
Department of Pediatrics, Inova Fairfax Hospital for Children, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 25:e1-e4. 2012..Clinicians should be able to distinguish lesions that require aggressive intervention, i.e. surgery, from those that self-resolve and merely require observation...


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OREM - Two early goals from Natalie Baker and Lexi Robison proved enough for Utah Valley University as it held off UC Davis, 2-1, in Sunday's non-conference finale at Clyde Field.
UVU (2-5-0) took a 2-0 lead early in the match behind Baker's tally in the 16th minute and Robison's strike in the 21st. What followed was almost 70 minutes of dedicated, and sometimes nervy, defending as the visiting Aggies (2-4-1) doubled up the Wolverines in total shots and even got a goal back in the 49th minute. Still, two scores proved enough for a UVU side that utilized nearly the entirety of its active roster in the match to claim its second win of the season and first in front of the home crowd at Clyde Field.
"UC Davis is a dangerous team and we knew we would have to be strong defensively to compete against them," UVU head coach Brent Anderson said. "We got a couple quick strikes from Natalie and Lexi, but the team really had to buckle down and defend in the second half. But I think we got a great performance from the entire defense."
The Wolverines seized control after just a quarter of an hour on Baker's second score of the season. The senior forward, who was active up and down the pitch throughout the match, raced onto a through ball played forward by Kim Stratford. Shielding herself from a defender on her left, Baker lifted a hard, sliding shot from the top of the box that beat UC Davis goalkeeper Jern Taylor, who had charged off her line.
The Aggies nearly equalized in the 18th minute, but Bridget Berman's wide open attempt from only 10 yards sailed high of the crossbar.
That disappointment was compounded only minutes later when Robison's left-footed strike doubled the advantage. Working in the middle of the field just above the 18, Robison turned on a lateral pass from Baker and took a touch before firing a blast that nestled into the top corner on the left side. It was Robison's first score of the season and the second assist for Baker who had a hand in each goal for UVU.
The 2-0 score line stood through intermission, but UC Davis got back into the game by way of a Wolverine defensive miscue. A failed clearance on the UVU end saw Lexi Poppoff gather in a bouncing ball on the right side of the penalty area. The junior forward ducked back into the middle of the box before scoring with the inside of her left boot.
That was all the scoring the Aggies would see, however, as the Wolverines maintained its slim advantage for the final 41 minutes of play. Goalkeeper Lauren Sack, who secured her first win of the season Sunday, finished with three saves - none bigger than a diving effort that stymied Ashley Edwards drive in the 56th minute.
Twenty-two Wolverines saw action in Sunday's match as Anderson used his first-half cushion as a means to rest starters and rotation players for the second half. Besides a full 90 minutes from Sack, Sara Ranck turned in 85 minutes, followed by 79 from Robison and 77 from Lexi Felis. Haley Curtis led UVU with three shots, one of which slammed off the crossbar in the 71st minute.
"The center backs Lexi Felis and Sara Ranck played really well off of each other and I thought Lexi Dunn did a great job shielding in front of the back line," Anderson said. "Also Caitlyn Mortensen was great on the flank and Melanie Ostler may have had her best game of this season on the outside today."
With the win, UVU picked up its first win in four attempts against UC Davis - a series whose last installment came in 2008.
Utah Valley will ride Sunday's positive result into one of the most significant matches in program history Friday. The Wolverine women's soccer team will have five days to prepare for the institution's first-ever WAC contest when Bakersfield visits Clyde Field. Kickoff is set for 7 p.m. as the Wolverines, who went a combined 28-3-1 in Great West Conference play, look to usher in its new conference era with similar success.
"This sets us up for a great match next week against Bakersfield as we kick off the WAC," Anderson said. "I think there's a positive tone for the team right now and we'll build on this and go forward into the WAC."
Kellen Hiser is an assistant sports information director at Utah Valley University. For more information on Wolverine athletics, visit WolverineGreen.com.


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First, thanks Rocky for writing down the paragraph about Irene - I would have been too lazy for this :)
There is an interesting interview with Joel Silver and Susan (http://www.iamrogue.com/news/interviews/item/5456-iar-exclusive-interview-producers-joel-silver-and-susan-downey-talk-sherlock-holmes-a-game-of-shadows.html where Silver elaborates a bit on the decision to bring Irene back for the second film even though they want to go the James Bond route with a different girl in each movie:
"[...]we always wanted to just have essentially Sherlock, Watson and a few other peripheral characters like Mrs. Hudson; the woman in the house, or the cop; Inspector Lestrade. But we always intended to have a different kind of girl for each movie. We just thought it was nice to kind of close the chapter on Irene Adler because she was actually in the books. She was in one story and Holmes did think about her a lot. It was complicated getting (Rachel) to come back on board. She liked the experience (of the first film), she loved being with us, but she hoped to have a bigger role. I think at the end of the day it worked out fine. I think of the opening scene of the movie like it's Sherlock 1A before Sherlock 2, just that little scene feels like it came out between the two movies. Then when the logo comes on, we're starting the next picture, and I think it worked out for us. I think she did a great job for us."
So it seems that Irene's faith is definitely settled, Elena. I also really liked her, but in my opinion it wouldn't work to bring her back for the third. Not because she only appeared in one story but because they decided to kill her off and it would belittle the impact her death made to the story and would make Moriarty look like an amateur.
So I hope that they'll handle the future girls with respect and don't make it into a soap-opera, how you called it.
All indications for a new girl are there, comments made by Silver (James Bond) and also by Robert. I recall an interview where he said that Holmes doesn't have a lot of sex in the two movies and that it could change in the next one.
If they really have to get Holmes a new love interest then the only way to do it is to make it convincing and respectful.
Country Germany


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Bowery Boston Presents
Grass Widow
Sunday, Nov 04, 2012 9:00 PM EST
Grass Widow
/ Fat Creeps / Creaturos
Sunday, Nov 04, 2012 9:00 PM EST
Great Scott, Allston, MA
18 years and over
Purchase Tickets
Tickets are no longer available online for this show. Tickets will be available at the door on a first come, first served basis.
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Do you raid ppl's candy dishes at work?
after they leave for the day or step away from their office?:compress:
Yes, and I always refill/replace candy dishes of others when I take some.
We only have one candy dish and it's for all of us, so yes.
We have a community candy... trough. So yes, yes I do raid it
I've taken a Spree or two from my colleague's candy dish. But her office is way across the building so it's only happened twice.
If I had a candy dish, I wouldn't care as long as they only took a couple pieces.
I would never go in someone's drawer or anything like that.
Are they purposely taking it after the person steps away?
We have multiple community candy dishes around the office. Depending on where I can locate my candy I take. I'm currently on mini Kit-Kats, mini caramel Twix, and Reese's cups.
With the occasional peppermint/dinner mint swirl for after lunch. :D
And I have taken a Jolly Rancher or two from accounting (with permission of course), but generally no. I wouldn't take from someone's personal candy stash. Unless invited.
Define "raid".:D
no one has candy. I do that only a select few can touch. Everyone knows you dont mess with my food!!
There are a few of us at work w candy dishes. And when someone takes from it, it's usually 1 or 2 pieces (I keep dark chocolate Hershey's kisses at my desk). I lock mine up at night because I think the cleaning crew was eating too many pieces. There was a very noticeable dent in the bowl each morning.
I think it's hilarious we all even have so much candy at work.
I usually don't take any unless the person is there (exception would be a communal dish). Now, my co-worker/ cube mate, if I was hungry is look through her snack stash if she wasn't there but then tell her what I had and replace it if it was the last of something (and she'd do the same). We've worked together for nearly 10 years.
Sent from my SCH-I535 using CurlTalk App
We have a community dish the receptionist fills.
Do we raid people's personal candy dish?
Heck yes.
When the person is not there?
Heck yes.
Does the person care?
Probably not. I mean they keep filling it,so they must not care.
Actually in my office, people's lunch left overnight sometimes disappears. Or even anything left in the refrigerator. We leave notes, and nothing changes. Eventually someone complains their food got raided.
When I worked in the office...I did but only when it was out in the open. I never got into anyone's desk ever. If I hit someones up often...I would bring a bag in to refill.
Right outside of ppl's personal offices there are sometimes little tables or credenzas. And ppl may but a candy dish on there. Or maybe the candy dish is on a bookshelf right inside of the peron's office and they leave the door wide open when they leave for the day. Or maybe it's on a receptionst's or secretary's desk out in a common area.
I assumed the candy is there for ppl visiting the candy dish owner in his/her office. Or in the case of the receptionsts' and secretaries' candy, I assumed it was for external visitors, like to make them feel welcome.
Some nights I work pretty late (mostly to make up for the time i waste on here :eye:) and I might be the only one on the floor. I get hungry, and I wander over to someone's candy dish, even if I normally don't transact any work-related business w/ the person or even speak to them all that much. And I may take up 10 jolly ranchers. Or 5 Sweettarts. Or similar. Or it could be a little as a single piece.
If I do this more than once or twice, I will buy a big bag of loose candy and replace what i've taken probably five times over. But it doesn't happen immediately. It may be a month or two before I get around to it. And when I replace it, I also do it late at night, kinda surrepitiously, just like how I initially took the candy. LOL
I guess I just don't understand why the candy is there, who it's for and what the protocol is for replacing. :dontknow:
Do I need to be sneaking it in and out or am I wecome to it? Like is anyone annoyed or confused about why they have a lot less candy some mornings or where the heaps of replacement candy is coming from?
I thought the candy was for both.
But mostly for co-workers and themselves. I don't know how many randoms walk through your office, but here, there aren't as many. But we currently have a counter with two candy jars of packaged chocolates (kit-kats, twix, etc.), a bowl of mixed nuts, a bowl of skittles, and probably 4-6 bags of different popcorn options. And that isn't including the three packaged chocolate dishes and one peppermint bowl about 20 feet over in the reception area.
Thankfully we requested fruit during our last staff meeting and now there is fruit in the kitchen. I loved it when we were buying tangelos. Mmmmm.... tangelos.
I wouldn't feel sneaky about it.
I'm pretty sure you are welcome. Even to that bowl in front that that person you don't know.
Candy dishes are there for people to take one or two pieces. They're not there to replace meals for late workers. Unless the company is paying for the candy, limit what you take.
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A-Z of CATEGORIES
Bishop Auckland
Results 1 - 3 of 3
'For over 25 years, Auckland Castle served as the standard location for BAMS concerts, particularly for the main summer series, but as the remodelling plans of Auckland Castle proceed, St. Andrew's thankfully offers a wonderful new venue for BAMS in which to continue its programmes as normal after September 2016 and in particular for our 2017 series and beyond. St. Andrew's, the largest parish church in County Durham, was built almost entirely in the 13th Century.'
Category:Local Concert Promoters
www.open-concerts.co.uk/bishop-auckland/(15 visits)
Directory Statistics
Recently Added Listings
- + Nottingham Boys ChoirCategory: Young Persons Singing Groups and ChoirsNearby [New Window]: www.open-concerts.co.uk/arnold/(1 visits)Created:
- * Ryedale School of MusicCategory: Local Music Centres and SchoolsNearby [New Window]: www.open-concerts.co.uk/malton/(3 visits)Created:
- + Wey Community Gospel ChoirCategory: Gospel ChoirsNearby [New Window]: www.open-concerts.co.uk/guildford/(1 visits)Created:
- + Brackley and District BandCategory: Brass and Silver BandsNearby [New Window]: www.open-concerts.co.uk/brackley/(1 visits)Created:
- + Camden Chamber ChoirCategory: Chamber ChoirsNearby [New Window]: www.open-concerts.co.uk/camden/(3 visits)Created:
- + Impromtu Ladies ChoirCategory: Ladies ChoirsNearby [New Window]: www.open-concerts.co.uk/sutton/(1 visits)Created:
- + Finchley & Friern Barnet Operatic SocietyCategory: Operatic and Dramatic SocietiesNearby [New Window]: www.open-concerts.co.uk/enfield/(2 visits)Created:
- @ Derby CathedralCategory: CathedralsNearby [New Window]: www.open-concerts.co.uk/derby/(4 visits)Created:
- * Gottwood Electronic Music & Arts FestivalCategory: Arts FestivalsNearby [New Window]: www.open-concerts.co.uk/isle-of-anglesey/(3 visits)Created:
- + Levern Valley Community BrassCategory: Young Persons Orchestras and BandsNearby [New Window]: www.open-concerts.co.uk/east-renfrewshire/(3 visits)Created:
- * Wychavon Festival of BrassCategory: Local Competitive Music FestivalsNearby [New Window]: www.open-concerts.co.uk/evesham/(3 visits)Created:
- + Crawley Millennium Concert BandCategory: Concert and Wind BandsNearby [New Window]: www.open-concerts.co.uk/crawley/(4 visits)Created:
- + South Pennine SingersCategory: Chamber ChoirsNearby [New Window]: www.open-concerts.co.uk/burnley/(3 visits)Created:
- + Richmondshire Choral SocietyCategory: Choral SocietiesNearby [New Window]: www.open-concerts.co.uk/richmond/(2 visits)Created:
- * Skegness Accordion ClubCategory: Accordion and Fiddle ClubsNearby [New Window]: www.open-concerts.co.uk/skegness/(2 visits)Created:
- + Lydian Singers [Farnborough]Category: Ladies ChoirsNearby [New Window]: www.open-concerts.co.uk/farnborough/(2 visits)Created:
- * Frome Concerts GroupCategory: Local Concert PromotersNearby [New Window]: www.open-concerts.co.uk/frome/(3 visits)Created:
- + Viva La MusicaCategory: Chamber ChoirsNearby [New Window]: www.open-concerts.co.uk/loughborough/(2 visits)Created:
- + Holymoorside Choral SocietyCategory: Community ChoirsNearby [New Window]: www.open-concerts.co.uk/chesterfield/(2 visits)Created:
- * Owen White ManagementCategory: Artist Managers and AgenciesCreated:
- ~ National Association of ChoirsCategory: Music Associations and SocietiesCreated:
- * Weymouth Music ClubCategory: Local Concert PromotersNearby [New Window]: www.open-concerts.co.uk/weymouth/(3 visits)Created:
- + Bathgate Concert OrchestraCategory: Community Orchestras and BandsNearby [New Window]: www.open-concerts.co.uk/west-lothian/(3 visits)Created:
- + Warwickshire Symphony OrchestraCategory: Symphony OrchestrasNearby [New Window]: www.open-concerts.co.uk/warwick/(4 visits)Created:
- * Tickhill Music SocietyCategory: Local Concert PromotersNearby [New Window]: www.open-concerts.co.uk/doncaster/(3 visits)Created:
- Show more...


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Things are hotting up in the I'm A Celebrity jungle - and we don't just mean the weather.
Talk turned more than a little suggestive in today, as the two remaining girls - Charlie Brooks and Ashley Roberts - discussed turn ons, boys and "pulling a dirty".
The conversation started innocently enough on the subject of eating. However, Ash and Charlie were soon salivating at the thought of food, namely breakfast burritos, prompting the former Pussycat Doll to say: "It literally turns me on."
From there, it was a downwards spiral into apparently loosely-veiled references to getting jiggy.
"That is like the biggest turn on you can imagine," agreed Charlie, before adding: "I'm really looking forward to seeing my boy, I think it's going to be a really nice reunion.
"I can't stop thinking about 'it'. I'm thinking about it all the time."
Single gal Ashley replied: "Oh, I'm so jealous. I might have to pull a dirty as soon as I leave camp."
Cue hot-blooded men everywhere rushing to catch the next flight to Australia to be ready and waiting for the singer's exit.
Charlie later confessed in the Bush Telegraph: "Ashley and I are going stir crazy in here."
Sounds like somebody needs to get down to the waterfall and take a cold shower, pronto.
Talk returned to food - ACTUAL food - later, as Charlie listed all the things she was looking forward to eating on leaving the jungle.
She told David: " "I want some pizza, a fish and chip shop.
"I want a fresh crisp salad, I want a Snickers, I want a Snickers ice cream, a 99 with a flake on it, a mint choc chip ice cream would be nice.
"Some Parmesan on a great big bowl of pasta maybe just with a tomato sauce, something simple.
"Croissant, scrambled eggs, avocado, and then maybe find a nice cheese and wine bar that I would walk to.
"I'd eat some fried chicken and then before I went to bed I would get room service, and I would pre-order breakfast: Eggs Benedict."
Anyone else feeling a little peckish after reading that? Yeah - if you need us, we'll be in the chip shop...
Meanwhile, I'm A Celeb reject Hugo Taylor reckons he and Eric Bristow are going to be "dear friends for the rest of our lives." Awww!


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#pragma pack (2)class SensorData{ public: byte tag; byte length; int intData[3]; SensorData() {} void readSensor() { tag = 11; length = 22; for(int i = 0; i < 3 ; i++) { intData[i] = i; } } };class SensorData SD0;void setup(){ Serial.begin(115200);}void loop(){ SD0.readSensor(); Serial.write((byte *)&SD0, sizeof(SD0)); Serial.flush(); delay(100);}
while((nread = read(fd, BUFF, 50)) > 0) { cout << ">> "; for(int i = 0; i < 50; i++) { cout << (int)BUFF[i] << "-"; } cout << endl;
I would try dropping the baud rate a bit. 115200 is quite fast, the PC might not be keeping up.
Good point. I didn't focus on the PC code. Still, he says it works on one device but not the other.
I was about ready to suggest he got rid of this line:Code: [Select] Serial.flush();But I can't quite prove to my satisfaction that it is the cause of it.
on a pre-1.0 environment, that will clear the send buffer
Waits for the transmission of outgoing serial data to complete. (Prior to Arduino 1.0, this instead removed any buffered incoming serial data.)
class SensorData SD0;
SD0.readSensor(); Serial.write((byte *)&SD0, sizeof(SD0));
below is the code I used on Mega, it worked perfectly.
Sending the whole instance, data and methods, hardly seems useful. What is the receiver going to do with the methods?


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Separate names with a comma.
Discussion in 'New York' started by aj-images, Sep 12, 2007.
I've been wanting to photograph here for a long time. Anyone interested? - Jim
Hi, Jim, long time no see. How are you?
I can accompany you to photo that area, I live very close to that area. Is it going to be day or night photography?
Alex W.
Hey Alex- All is well here. I'm thinking a Sunday morning. I always wanted to photograph the beluga whales with some 3200. - Jim
Sounds good to me, let me know which Sunday.
Hey Jim,
This Sunday? That is tomorrow? Say it's so and I'll be there too. But I need to know fast.
Regards, Art.
not this sunday (16th). Let's pick a day everyone can go? Maybe next sunday, 23rd?
Any interest after the holidays?


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Veterans will soon have an official voice in El Cajon.
City Councilman Tony Ambrose on Tuesday afternoon asked city staff to establish a veteran's commission, and the council unanimously approved the idea.
"Veteran issues have always been important to this City Council and are a key part of our community," Ambrose wrote in a report. "There are any number of veteran-related issues, ceremonies, events and activities that occur within our city every year. I believe the city can and should be playing a bigger role in helping to coordinate these issues and activities."
Ambrose is the lone veteran on the council, serving in the Navy during the Vietnam War era, though he said, "my unit was supposed to go, but we went in the other direction, to Europe."
Ambrose said he wanted the city to model its committee for veterans on what is done in La Mesa. La Mesa has a nine-member Aging and Veterans Commission that meets the fourth Tuesday of each month. Ambrose suggested El Cajon's commission meet quarterly and that the mayor appoint five members.
"This is something very important," Mayor Mark Lewis said. "We have lots of things for them to get involved; we'll have a lot of fun doing that."
City Manager Doug Williford said staff would come back in a few more meetings with an official plan.
Ambrose also suggested that an annual Veterans Day event be celebrated at City Hall.
Donn Dunlap, a retired drill instructor at MCRD who retired from active duty in 1986, moved to Nebraska, then came back to El Cajon in 2009, said he was looking forward to veterans having a say in the city.
"Each one of the many veterans organizations in El Cajon can offer things to the city council when requested," said Dunlap, 66, who is secretary for the local Amvets contingent and a member of the local VFW. "This is primarily to render assistance to the city for veterans' issues and happenings."
Dunlap said he hoped that the new group would meet at the Veterans Civic Memorial Association on Chambers Street.


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Must have left them at the crag on the weekend 30th June / 01st July. If you found them please let me know.
Darryl - 0794906186 or firstname.lastname@example.com
Lost: Oakley Sunglasses at Hallucinogen - Boven
Did you forget you favourite boots at the crag? Or, did you find some quickdraw on the 4th bolt of some route?
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YANT-MERRELL CEMETERY (Youngs Chapel Rd) GILES COUNTY
Mapping the Location
Location: Hwy 64E, right into Pisgah Road, bear right into Indian Creek Road, left under interstate, left to church. It is southwest of the Young Chapel Cemetery about 300 yards.
Area Photos: Photo2 / Photo3 / Photo1
YANT, Sarah, 15 May 1775 - 4 Nov 1857. (stone not found Jan 2014)
MERRELL, William A., 3 Feb 1851 - 27 Jul 1852. PhotoC / Photo
. . . . . . . . . 1851 and DIED J. . . THE 27 185. . . . . (readable portion from this photo)
MERRELL, Sarah Francis, dau of Johnathan & Nancy Merrell, 10 Jan 1845 - 9 Jun 1851. PhotoC / Photo
To the memory of Sarah Francis Merrell - daughter of Johnathan & Nancy MERRELL, who was born Jan the 10th 1846 And died June the 9th 1851.
Unknown carved & uncarved common stones. Some broken tombstone parts: PhotoC / PhotoC / PhotoC
Several fieldstones exist here that at one time marked graves. They are now piled together and co-mingled with the base stones of at least one fallen box tomb, causing the whole thing to look like a pile of common scattered rocks.
From Lisa Oliver: Hello Wayne, I was wondering if you have ever heard of a cemetery in Giles County off of Young Chapel Road? It is located in the eastern part of the county between Frankewing and Bunker Hill. The graves are SE behind a barn. All the stones are broken and none are standing. At one time there was at least one box grave there, now just a pile of rocks. Not sure how many total graves it could be anywhere from 3 to 7. Just a guess. Use GPS of 35.169322 -86.863554 on the map to find it. Its under a very old Cedar Tree. [Lisa Oliver 4 Feb 2014]
From C. Wayne Austin:
It is possible this cemetery being much older was a forerunner of the Young Chapel Cemetery 300 yards to the northeast of here and a later church building caused this graveyard to be abandoned. An old road right of way called the Minitra Road goes right by this cemetery, but it is long since abandoned. [4 Feb 2014]
Photographed on 15 Jan 2014 by Lisa Oliver. The inscriptions were updated with exceptions found or known by C. Wayne Austin or Lisa Oliver the photographer. Listed also on page 528 of the book Giles County Cemeteries by the Historical Society, 1987. Added here 4 Feb 2014.
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