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Citation: (2005) Twins' Health and Adult Socioeconomic Status. PLoS Med 2(7): e235. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0020235
Published: July 26, 2005
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Public Domain Declaration, which stipulates that, once placed in the public domain, this work may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose.
Twins' research is a favorite tool of the human geneticist, but it has a controversial history. Nazi doctor Josef Mengele, infamous for his work at Auschwitz, was fascinated by twins. He sought them out at the extermination camp and used them in violent experiments. Later, British psychologist Cyril Burt worked on the heredity of intelligence, producing findings that some suspected were "too good"—and which later were shown to be based on fraudulent data involving invented twins.
In this month's PLoS Medicine, Nancy Krieger and colleagues examine the health of female twins from a very different perspective. To understand the impact of lifetime socioeconomic position on health, they studied twins who were raised together but who had different socioeconomic position after adolescence. Many studies have compared the health of twins raised separately since birth or early childhood, but few have investigated the adult health of twins raised together but who had different post-adolescent socioeconomic position. Such a study could clarify the impact of adult experiences on adult health in a population matched on early life experiences, the authors say.
Krieger's team employed data from a cohort of 434 twins who lived in the San Francisco Bay area in 1978–1979; the average age at recruitment was 41 years old. The cohort was given a health and sociodemographic questionnaire. Data on anthropometric and biological characteristics were obtained by physical examination and laboratory analyses; the process was repeated at a second examination around 1989–1990. At the second phase of the study, 72 women (8.3%) did not return, of whom 36 had died, which left 352 twin pairs (58% monozygotic, 42% dizygotic), representing 81.1% of the original cohort.
The sociodemographic and health characteristics of the full cohort (352 pairs) and the cohort analyzed (those pairs where it was known both that they had lived together until at least age 14 and their joint socioeconomic was available—i.e., 308 pairs) were quite similar: 40% grew up in working-class households and 80% in households where the father had fewer than four years of college education.
At the second examination, 32% of the twin pairs in the analytic cohort had a difference in their adult household occupational class, and 20% had different levels of college education. The team found that health outcomes among monozygotic adult female twins who lived together through childhood varied by their subsequent socioeconomic position. Twins with differing occupational class differed in health status compared with twins with similar occupational class. The working-class twin had significantly higher systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and LDL cholesterol than her professional, non-working-class twin. Twins discordant on educational level, however, had similar health status, likely reflecting the fact that current occupational class is a better measure for investigating the impact of lifetime socioeconomic position than is education (which is completed usually in early adulthood). Dizgyotic twins with differing adult socioeconomic position, either occupational class or educational level, did not notably differ in their adult health status.
These novel findings lend support to the hypothesis that health is shaped not only by early life experiences but also by cumulative experiences across the lifecourse, the authors say.
As with many twin studies, the numbers of individuals studied is relatively limited. The lack of some biological and personal data such as detailed occupational class position over time, lack of data on income, poverty, wealth, debt, gestational age, birthweight, and birth order also limits the conclusions that can be drawn. These limitations are countered, however, by the tight matching of the twins on early life and childhood exposures, as well as by the matching for genetic endowment among the monozygotic twins. Together, the findings have important implications for health policy, since they suggest that adult socioeconomic position does have an impact on adult health above and beyond early life exposures, and they also add to our understanding of how societal conditions shape population patterns of health, disease, and well-being.


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|The Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club
The essence of the situation is that the provincial and municipal authorities long ago approved the development project, that would build houses on the lowest part of what is presently the Leitrim wetland, while attempting to preserve another part by constructing a barrier 700 metres long to prevent drainage of groundwater. Experts opposed to this plan say the barrier is unlikely to do the job, due to porosity of the underlying material, and because the barrier would not extend far enough. When or if it doesn't work, onus would be on the City to improve the barrier, or pump water back into the wetlands (all at huge public expense) or watch it die.
YOU DON'T HAVE TO DECIDE NOW WHICH OPINIONS YOU BELIEVE. WHAT YOU ARE BEING URGED TO DO IS TO WRITE TO DFO MINISTER THIBAULT AND ASK FOR A PUBLIC PANEL REVIEW OF THE DFO SCREENING REPORT. That report ignores those expert opinions and says it is OK to proceed with the project. With a panel review the experts can give their opinions publicly.
I am copying below some words of Juan Unger of the Greenspace Alliance. He provides full details on who to contact, and where to get get further information if you feel you need it.
YOU CAN HELPWhat is said, and how many of us say it, CAN make the difference.
What is needed is a letter (e-mail is ok)--even if it is only a very, very short one--to the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans (see address below).
You can start a letter or e-mail by saying that it refers to "the Findlay Creek Reconstruction and Stormwater Management screening report" or, more formally, to "the Findlay Creek Reconstruction and Stormwater Management Environmental Assessment Screening Report".
In it, please be sure to ask for
***a public review and full environmental assessment of the proposed stormwater system at Findlay Creek and the Leitrim Wetlands.***
The "screening report" published by the Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) has many deficiencies and does not provide reliable assurances against irreversible, grave damage to these exceptional wetlands. According to Mike Lascelles (former director of legislation and education, Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency), "This screening does not answer fully two key questions: Is the stormwater system likely to fail and drain the Leitrim wetlands? and Should future local residents worry about their health because of the landfill nearby? Faced with this wholesale uncertainty and public conern, the federal Fishries Minister has a legal duty to refer those questions to an independent public review by experts to give us credible and reliable answers before irreversible damage is done."
PLEASE NOTE: To be considered, a letter HAS TO BE RECEIVED NO LATER THAN 17 JULY 2003. So please do not postpone it -it's very urgent, and this is in fact a chance to effectively contribute to the possible protection of these irreplaceable wetlands!
Please consider forwarding this message and asking others--as many others as you can think of--to do the same, and write at least a minimal letter (can be an e-mail) asking for a public review and full environmental assessment of the proposed stormwater system at Findlay Creek and the Leitrim Wetlands.
Your request for a public review must be received before midnight July 17 to be taken into account by the Department of Fisheries and Oceans!!!
You can write to the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans--but please be sure to send a copy to the DFO Prescott District Office (see below). The minister's address (free of postage) is:
VERY IMPORTANT: Please be sure to send a copy of that letter to the DFO office responsible for the report by e-mail, fax or regular mail, at:
If you can, please copy also:
Thank you in advance for any and all help that you can contribute to this crucial effort.
Juan Pedro Unger
This page was revised on 20 April 2007
Contact the OFNC

subset: commoncrawl


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Calvin Klein Escape For Women Eau De Parfum Spray
Calvin Klein Escape For Women Eau De Parfum Spray Reviews
Not So MuchWas way to strong for me. Gave it away! — 4 years, 8 months agoEricaC123 | 458 reviews
smells greatluv it, ************ — 3 years, 8 months agoann_lavine | 200 reviews
NauseatingWhen this was so popular, I remember smelling it at a party and looking for where the rotten watermelon was - it was that bad. I had the bad experience of being on an airplane and there was a "sniff strip" in a magazine advertising this. It was a LONG flight battling nausea from the odor! Women used to bath in it. So glad it isn't popular anymore. — 6 years, 3 months agocjincarolina | 5 reviews
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My Reasons for Reporting This


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2011 marks my 8th year teaching Eglish at the HS level, where I have tackled all grade at all levels. I am deeply interested in bringing modern works to students and focusing more on critical thinking skills through student-led questioning & discussion.
Areas of Interest:
Curriculum development,
online education,
English Lang & Lit


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Sarah Durkee
About the Author
Sara Durkee has had success as a writer, lyricist, comedy writer, scriptwriter and poet. Currently, her songs, scripts and poetry are featured on the PBS reading show Between the Lions, as well as on Dora the Explorer, Arthur, and others. Her writing for grown-ups includes The Book of Sequels, a collection of literary parodies co-authored with fellow National Lampoon alumni Chris Cerf, Henry Beard, and Sean Kelly. She is married to Paul Jacobs and they have two kids. She lives in New York City.
From the Trade Paperback edition.


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Found a deal today? Here's the place to share it!
Have a question that doesn't fit into any of the other threads? Here's the place to ask it.
Please sign in with your WRAL.com account to comment on this story. You also will need a Facebook account to comment.
couponmom, I'm not sure about the eye exam, but for glasses, I've heard Zennioptical.com is a very good way to get cheap eyeglasses. Clark Howard is a big fan, and I just ordered a pair this week. I'll have a better idea how great of a deal it is once I have them, but it was $25. The prices start at around $6.95 for a full pr. of glasses.
@sarahcarucci i can not remember where i got the coupons from. sorry
Just a reminder that you should have your eyeglasses checked to make sure they match your RX when you go to places like Sam's, BJ's, Walmart, or online. I've had bad luck with all these options. Granted, my RX is complicated, but I think it's easy for places that do huge volume to make RX errors. It's always a good idea to have your eye doctor's office or another optician to double check that the eyeglasses actually match your RX.
@djoyner...WOW what a deal! Where are the coupons from? Thanks. :)
Just be careful of who you get an eye exam through -- make sure you have some good reviews. We went to Fuquay Eye Care and they didn't do a good job with my one kid. Completely wrong diagnosis & rx. We ended up going to Duke for second opinion which was worth it for a kid. Got the right rx & then went to BJs for glasses -- $70 for a pair of kids frames & glasses with a rush and got them the next day. Fantastic!
shopped at KROGER today, and got 10 boxes of minute brown rice for FREE. love it! with the buy 10 save $5, they are .99 each. I had 2 q's for $5 off 5. so i got all 10 for free.
Nakabi, the email with the link is on the way to you. Hope it works! And for what it's worth, you need to be smart to use a smart phone, and most of the time I definitely do NOT qualify LOL! I can't repeat here the name I call my smart phone most of the time ;)
tripes could be more awesome! :-)
I picked up some 20% coupons at work (Kohls) to use on tax free weekend for anyone who plans on shopping there. I live near Starbucks on 55 in Cary if you like to meet up. I have 24 but can get more. My email is: email@example.com
jdouglas13-no, I don't have a smartphone..I've got a "dumbphone" :) lol


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Out Sports
Newry Rainbow Centre Cycling Club - meets every Thursday evening at 7:00pm outside Newry Sports Centre. www.gaynewry
Out'n'About Walking Group - A group for LGBT people which meets twice a month for a walk of various lengths and challenges. http://www.outnabout-ni.org.uk/
Belfast Front Runners is a group for LGBT people and friends. They run twice a week in the South Belfast area. Contact them at email@example.com
LASI's Basketball Group - Each Sunday from 2-3pm, usually in Shaftesbury Leisure Centre, Belfast but check with Orlaith for up to date details. All lesbian and bi women welcome email@example.com 07597879630
SUPPORT (and social)
Transgender Support www.transgenderni.com
Trans Derry - This is a new group which is currently facilitated in the Rainbow Project Foyle Centre. If you would like more information, contact Sean firstname.lastname@example.com
SAIL is a voluntary support group for family, friends, carers and individuals living with gender issues. http://www.transgenderni.com/SAIL-7017.html
The Oyster Group is a peer support group for those attending the Gender Identity Clinic in Belfast. http://www.transgenderni.com/Oysters-7016.html
The Belfast Butterfly Club is a group of people who want to reach out to others who, like themselves, are transgendered. http://www.transgenderni.com/Butterfly-Club-7108.html
Advocacy Service - Harriet Long is an advocacy officer based at the Rainbow Project who provides a service across the whole LGB sector and also for Trans individuals and groups. She offers support and information to anyone who has been a victim of, or witness to, hate crime or hate motivated incidents, to people who are having trouble accessing services such as housing or to those who feel they may be living in an abusive relationship. To better engage with lesbians and bi women, Harriet is based in the LASI offices on Tuesday mornings from 10am. You can contact Harriet at email@example.com 02890319030
Live and Let Live Group Supporting people who identify as LGBT and with a desire to recover from alcoholism/narcotic addiction. Every Tuesday at 8.30pm in Men's Action Network, 40 Carlisle Road, Derry
Group & Couples' Counselling - The Rainbow Project provides both group and couples counselling for gay and bisexual men. For further information, firstname.lastname@example.com or phone the office directly on 02890 319030.
Newry Rainbow Centre - Drop-in Centre open on Hill Street Newry every evening Monday - Friday 7pm to 10pm and on Saturday afternoon from 2pm to 6pm - call in for a chat and coffee and to avail of the information and services available. www.gaynewry.com
Strabane LGBT Centre run a generic drop every Thursday Night and a women's drop in on the 2nd Wednesday from 7pm to 9pm. They are currently running a women's personal development course and a Cook It course. www.strabaneliffordlgbt.net Contact firstname.lastname@example.com
Fermanagh Rainbow Community – Based at the Aisling Centre in Enniskillen, this is a new group supported by the Rainbow Project and co-ordinated locally by Frankie Dean to develop social, personal development and educational opportunities in this area. Contact Frankie for more info firstname.lastname@example.com
Wednesday Older Women's Group is a social group for lesbian and bisexual women, meets at 7pm on the first Wednesday of the month in LASI Belfast.
LASI Craigavon Group – Contact LASI for more details on 07597879630 (text anytime) or email@example.com
LASI's Derry Group - Contact LASI for more details on 07597879630 (text anytime) or firstname.lastname@example.com
LASI ARK Erne Fermanagh Group – Contact LASI for more details on 07597879630 (text anytime) firstname.lastname@example.com
LASI Coleraine Group – Contact LASI for more details on 07597879630 (text anytime) or email@example.com
LASI Family Group – This is a group for lesbian and bisexual women who have families or for those who are interested in finding out about how to start a family in Northern Ireland. Contact LASI for more details on 07597879630 (text anytime) or email@example.com
LASI Carer's Group – This is a group for lesbian and bisexual women who are caring for partners, relatives, friends. n http://www.lasionline.org
Young People's Groups in Derry – Facilitated by the Rainbow Project, the youth groups are targeted at young people aged 14-25 who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender or who are exploring their sexual orientation. The LADZ Group (Wednesday evenings 4.00pm – 6.00pm) and iD Girls (Tuesday evenings 6.00pm – 8.00pm) For further information, contact Natalie firstname.lastname@example.com


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Dear Time-Reader,
For more than a year now the U.S. press has been doing a praiseworthy job in bringing the tragic plight of the Navajo Indian to the attention of American readers. TIME'S part in making public this injustice recently produced at our Paris office a U.S. Army sergeant with $77.50 in cash and a request: would we please forward the money to the starving Navajos in New Mexico?
The sergeant and his enlisted and officer friends in the American occupation forces in Germany had read about the Navajo Indians' plight in TIME'S Nov. 3...
To continue reading: or Log-In


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Comcast Granby CO
Everybody wants great home entertainment for the best prices. With Comcast's super speed internet, you can download and share music and photos in a blink of an eye, quickly stream online videos, and experience online gaming to its fullest. Comcast Deals in Granby, CO – You can also get amazing home phone service with superior call clarity and flexible calling plans so you can connect to whoever you want. Comcast has delivered outstanding cable television and service to their customers for years.
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There's a whole world of YouTube partners out there, some of them online celebrities, complete with staff and six-figure incomes. One of those is Michelle Phan, of Los Angeles, YouTube's No 1 beauty and makeup blogger and second- most popular blogger overall.
Phan has become a global internet sensation since she started posting videos on YouTube six years ago. With a cult following around the world, the American- Vietnamese beauty star has 2.5-million YouTube subscribers and her easy-to- follow makeup videos have been viewed more than 635 million times.
Last year, Phan attended Wellington Fashion Week; a video of the event got 60,000 views.
She grew up wanting to be an artist, but her mother hoped she would be a doctor. Phan says: "I support my family and my mother doesn't work anymore, which is all I wanted. " She now has staff and a professional recording studio, but she still personally makes her own videos.
Grace Conley doesn't have quite the same aspirations, but she is New Zealand's mini-Michelle Phan, because her beauty videos have struck a chord among young fans. The 16-year-old Rangiruru College pupil is pretty and photogenic, a must when you're showing young women how to apply lipstick and eyeliner.
Grace's back-to-school fashion video, showing how to prepare simple hair and makeup for school, has almost 14,000 views. It also has her showing off white shorts from Jeans West and a top from Glassons. The video, shot in her bedroom, is low-key and of schoolgirl quality. But Grace takes her time making videos, and each can take several hours of recording and editing.
She lived in Chicago for five years, where friends introduced her to YouTube makeup tutorials. She returned to Christchurch aged 14, arriving just after the September 2010 earthquake. Her school was shut temporarily so, to keep busy, she began making beauty videos on her laptop and putting them on YouTube. Her American friends and other bloggers spotted them, and gave her "shout-outs" - promoting them to other beauty subscribers. "Because they helped me, things took off pretty quickly and I became a YouTube partner two months later."
She works at a clothing shop after school "but YouTube is way more fun and it's so flexible too. I can make $200 a month, which is pretty good when you're a 16-year-old."
While some parents are not comfortable about their children being so exposed on the internet, Grace says: "My parents have been really supportive. The only thing they tell me is to keep personal information to myself."
Corey Harris is a 16-year-old high- school pupil in Kerikeri who likes hanging out with his mates, gaming, photography and spending time on his computer. The bright-eyed teen with spiky hair is also New Zealand's most successful YouTuber.
Forget getting a paper run or an after-school job - Corey makes enough money each month to save for his university studies and buy everything a guy his age needs. Corey has his own YouTube channel, posting videos about using Photoshop and other technologies. He is one of a few hundred Kiwis who have been signed up by the video-sharing website to make money out of their regular contributions.
Corey hopes that one day he will be that big too, and his Sony Vegas and Photoshop videos and tutorials may make him an internet star. Two years ago, he was making these tutorials for himself and videoing them. The tech-savvy kid who got his first computer at age 10 put a couple on YouTube, and drew a following. His subscribers then began asking him to cover certain topics, and he now has 50,000 subscribers who follow his updates.
His audience was big enough for YouTube to sign him up, effectively paying him via the advertising on his pages. Corey now has 40 videos on YouTube, averaging 100,000 views each. Most of his audience live in the United States, Brazil and Germany, with a growing number in the Philippines. "About 20 to 30 per cent of my audience are people my age, and the rest of them are older, up to 65-plus."
While he is not allowed to reveal how much he is earning, Corey says: "It's enough to pay for my university fees when I finish high school. It's a passive income though, and I don't have to work for my channel to still get views. When someone clicks on an ad [on one of my videos], I get a share of that. Apparently 3 per cent of people click on an ad."
Corey's custom-built computer, with three monitors, was paid for with his YouTube earnings. While he doesn't plan to make a career out of this, he will study web and interactive design when he leaves school. And his channel, AquuL, has already opened doors. He was paid US$2500 (about NZ$3000) by an American businessman who viewed one of Corey's posts and asked him to make a video about his company.
Corey has his own YouTube heroes. One is Iceslow Studios, which posts similar videos to Corey's, but has about 200,000 subscribers and its own staff. "It would be pretty cool to be like that," Corey says. "I make about one video a month which takes me a few hours a week."
A big part of being a YouTube star is promoting yourself on Facebook and Twitter. Corey has 11,000-plus likes on Facebook. "I really think YouTube is the future of TV," he says.
In Wellington, Andrew Strugnell has his ideal job, producing videos for the Salvation Army and, as an aside, making videos about his travels, which he posts on YouTube. While he doesn't have the same YouTube following as Corey, Strugnell is having a lot of fun. In November 2010, the 23-year-old got enough views on his channel, strugsnotdrugs, to apply to become a YouTube partner, and now has 1300 subscribers to his travel channel. "It's pretty small, but I've got a good platform to start with."
Strugnell trained as a film-maker and he is getting to use his skills. Better still, he won a travel video competition last year which sponsored a 3 1/2-month trip around the United States. "My YouTube channel helped me get sponsorship from Canon for the trip too, because I had a captive audience. Canon gave me all this gear that I was able to showcase."
Most of his audience is based in the US, but his channel has grown in Taiwan and Britain recently.
And if guys like Strugnell and Corey make it look easy, that's because it really is. "All you need is a high-definition camera because that's the level of quality that people are now used to," Strugnell says. "You also need to be good with social media to promote yourself."
An Australian friend of Strugnell's has a channel, CakesByChoppA, on which the former kindergarten teacher shows subscribers how to make novelty cakes. "He has made enough money to finish his day job."
Strugnell has also embraced the YouTube community and he helps connect New Zealand-based partners through technology. When he met Your Weekend, he was hosting a Google-plus hangout that weekend to bring 10 YouTubers together online. In June, he attended the VidCom conference in Los Angeles. "My dream is to be a full-time YouTuber."
Annie Baxter, an expat Kiwi who works for YouTube as a communications manager, says the key to international YouTube stardom is regular posting of high-quality videos, along with knowing your audience and what they want to learn.
"YouTube allows anyone to make a business by sharing their passion with people around the world," she says.
With about a million people becoming YouTube partners since the programme began in 2007, Baxter says thousands of channels generate six-figure incomes. Popular channels are fashion, makeup and comedy. Baxter says one of the biggest growth areas has been "how to" video channels like Corey's.
"How to understand complicated software, how to change a tyre, that kind of thing. There's also been a huge growth of crafts. If you're a New Zealander with a passion for crochet, through YouTube you could potentially have a global audience of millions."?
The Press


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Trailer for "Midnight Special" Sci-Fi Film, with Michael Shannon and Joel Edgerton
Nov 23rd, 2015
Trailer for "Central Intelligence" Comedy, with Dwayne Johnson and Kevin Hart
Nov 23rd, 2015
Trailer for Melissa McCarthy's "The Boss" Comedy
Nov 23rd, 2015
Trailer for Juan Antonio Bayona's "A Monster Calls"
Nov 23rd, 2015
First Look at "Central Intelligence" Comedy, with Dwayne Johnson and Kevin Hart
Nov 19th, 2015
Trailer for "Zoolander 2" Arrives Online
Nov 19th, 2015
Official Trailer for "Now You See Me" Sequel
Nov 19th, 2015
Trailer for Chris Hemsworth's "The Huntsman: Winter's War"
Nov 19th, 2015
Trailer for Keanu Reeves' "Exposed" Thriller
Nov 19th, 2015
First Look at Chris Pine on "Wonder Woman" Set
Nov 16th, 2015
Ridley Scott Reveals Another Title for "Prometheus" Sequel
Nov 16th, 2015
Gerard Butler is a God in "Gods of Egypt" Posters
Nov 16th, 2015
First Look at Liam Neeson in Martin Scorsese's "Silence"
Nov 16th, 2015
New Trailer for "The Divergent Series: Allegiant"
Nov 16th, 2015
Trailer for "Moonwalkers" Comedy, with Ron Perlman and Rupert Grint
Nov 16th, 2015
Trailer for Charlie Kaufman's "Anomalisa" Stop-Motion Film
Nov 3rd, 2015
Poster for "Warcraft" Arrives Online, Trailer Coming on Friday
Nov 3rd, 2015
There's a Good Reason Why Luke Skywalker Isn't on "Star Wars: The Force Awakens" Poster
Nov 2nd, 2015
First Trailer for Sacha Baron Cohen's "The Brothers Grimsby" Comedy
Nov 2nd, 2015
"Spectre" Breaks Box Office Records Overseas
Nov 2nd, 2015
Final Trailer for Ron Howard's "In the Heart of the Sea," with Chris Hemsworth
Nov 2nd, 2015
New Photos From "Warcraft" Video Game Movie
Nov 2nd, 2015
Lots of New Photos From "Suicide Squad"
Oct 30th, 2015
Trailer for "Dirty Grandpa" Comedy, with Robert De Niro and Zac Efron
Oct 30th, 2015
Sandra Bullock to Star in Female Version of "Ocean's Eleven"
Oct 30th, 2015
Trailer for Jared Hess' "Don Verdean" Comedy, with Sam Rockwell
Oct 30th, 2015
"Indiana Jones" Producer Says Harrison Ford Will Not Be Recast
Oct 28th, 2015
Trailer for Adam Sandler's "The Ridiculous 6" Comedy
Oct 28th, 2015
"The Walking Dead" Fan Kills Friend Who Turned Into a Zombie
Oct 28th, 2015
Another "Monopoly" Movie in the Works
Oct 28th, 2015
"Jumanji" Remake Hires "Con Air" Writer
Oct 26th, 2015
Disney's "Tower of Terror" Park Ride Movie Moving Forward
Oct 26th, 2015
Johnny Depp and Edgar Wright Team for "Fortunately, the Milk"
Oct 26th, 2015
"Iron Man 3" Screenshots Reveals "Captain America" Connection
Posted: October 24th, 2012 by
WorstPreviews.com Staff
The trailer for "Iron Man 3" was released online yesterday. And today we grabbed some screenshots from it to slow down all the action. One peculiar detail that was spotted was that The Mandarin (Ben Kingsley) has a tattoo on the back of his neck that resembles Captain America's shield.
The only difference is that the tattoo has an "A" at the center, instead of a star. Marvel head Kevin Feige recently stated that The Mandarin uses "
symbolism of various cultures and iconography that he perverts for his own end.
Does this mean that The Mandarin is twisting the principles that the shield represents? And does the villain have a connection to Steve Rogers? It's not impossible that The Mandarin will resurface in "Captain America: The Winter Soldier" and "The Avengers 2." Stay tuned.
(click to enlarge)
The Mandarin's Tattoo:
(click to enlarge)
You must be registered to post comments.
Turn On
on October 23rd, 2012 at 8:49:41 PM
Whoa, I had no seen the Captain America tattoo yet!
You're really up on late-breaking movie news dude!
on October 23rd, 2012 at 8:50:27 PM
It's an anarchy "A" you dolt
on October 23rd, 2012 at 9:13:18 PM
I don't see how the Mandarin could have anything against Ironman or Captain America, they pretty much saved the world from an alien invasion. Maybe he got the tattoo after the battle in New York, he must be a Captain America fan.
on October 23rd, 2012 at 9:55:25 PM
Can we get some more goddamn Iron Man news? I haven't heard enough about goddamn Iron Man recently.
Iron Man.
on October 23rd, 2012 at 10:17:39 PM
this is Iron Man's version of Dark knight rises.only it has a sh*ttier arab looking lord of the rings old f*ck for a villian.If Guy Pearce wasnt in this I would say it was another Prince of Persia.
on October 23rd, 2012 at 10:26:36 PM
The woman who played Ben Kingsley wife in Hugo was hot for an older lady.
Pheeeww...man, I wreak of desperation.
on October 23rd, 2012 at 10:30:16 PM
�The mass of men lead lives of quiet desperation. What is called resignation is confirmed desperation. From the desperate city you go into the desperate country, and have to console yourself with the bravery of minks and muskrats. A stereotyped but unconscious despair is concealed even under what are called the games and amusements of mankind. There is no play in them, for this comes after work. But it is a characteristic of wisdom not to do desperate things.�
on October 23rd, 2012 at 10:32:28 PM
What's that from mink?
on October 23rd, 2012 at 10:49:40 PM
Ehh, ZZZ, I hope the next trailer is better.
Bando- I lost interest in this when I read about Stark controlling 40 suits at once.
Man in Black
on October 23rd, 2012 at 11:15:37 PM
I see a Mandarin / Loki team up in Avengers II since Thanos will had tossed Loki to the wolves after Avengers . One of them with double cross the other since 2 *ssholes can't rule the same world, then enter act 3 of your movie with enough bad guys to evenly divide up between an now even larger cast of Avengers ( Ant Man - Wasp - Black Panther ).
on October 23rd, 2012 at 11:21:23 PM
In my quiet desperation, I will search for redemption...at GrannyPanty.com.
on October 23rd, 2012 at 11:33:30 PM
Did anyone else notice the fat, redheaded, limbless sex doll on the tenth image from the bottom?
on October 23rd, 2012 at 11:40:09 PM
Im getting hemochromatosis
on October 24th, 2012 at 12:15:57 AM
Great, captain america tattoo on mandarin's neck. next, he gonna have thor's hammer tattoo on his penis.
on October 24th, 2012 at 12:19:31 AM
Mandarin? Should have called him Metamucil, he's that old.
on October 24th, 2012 at 3:50:18 AM
The comic was called 'The INVINCIBLE Iron Man'
From the movie perspective, his armor sure seems to take a sh*t-kicking at every turn.
In these times, it's even hard for a billionaire industrialist to get his money's worth.
I can't wait for Pepper and Hogan to die in the next movie. I want to see smart-mouthed Stark deal with all that loss. f*cker!
on October 24th, 2012 at 3:59:06 AM
Or Methuselah..
on October 24th, 2012 at 4:05:05 AM
Or dirt.
on October 24th, 2012 at 8:01:53 AM
Perhaps when they say invincible, Ranger, they mean of spirit and mind, not necessarily referring to the suit, which is why they're asking In Iron Man 3 Does the suit make the man or the man the suit...
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text:
Ronald Loeppke
Affiliation: Matria Healthcare
Country: USA
Detail Information
- Health and productivity as a business strategyRonald Loeppke
Matria Healthcare, 1850 Parkway Place, Marietta, GA 30067, USA
J Occup Environ Med 49:712-21. 2007..The objective of this study is to assess the magnitude of health-related lost productivity relative to medical and pharmacy costs for four employers and assess the business implications of a "full-cost" approach to managing health...
- Incentives and other factors associated with employee participation in health risk assessmentsMichael S Taitel
Alere, 9500 W Bryn Mawr Avenue, Suite 500, Rosemont, IL 60018, USA
J Occup Environ Med 50:863-72. 2008..Investigate factors associated with employee participation rates in health risk assessments...
- Using the World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ) to evaluate the indirect workplace costs of illnessRonald C Kessler
Department of Health Care Polity, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
J Occup Environ Med 46:S23-37. 2004..Innovative data analysis strategies are described to address these problems...
- Establishing a research agenda in health and productivityPam Hymel
J Occup Environ Med 46:518-20. 2004


text: BusinessOnline opens Northern California office By Kate Maddox. Published on June 22, 2010. Most Popular Sausalito, Calif.—Online marketing agency BusinessOnline announced the opening of an office in Sausalito, Calif., to serve the agency's Northern California clients. The new office is led by General Manager Rich Roberts. As part of its expansion, San Diego-based BusinessOnline announced that is now hiring top talent in the areas of social media, Web analytics and search engine marketing for the new office. In this article: BtoB


text:
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Flirts with you but likes a popular girl? Here's what to do
I have a major crush on this guy. He says that he likes the "popular girl," but he flirts with me. He sends me mixed signals. He says that he doesn't like me, but he acts like he does! How do I for sure tell if he likes me?
His Answer: "He probably just wants a backup option. If the "popular girl" thing doesn't work out, he is willing settle which isn't cool." Elliott W., 16
Decoded: He is too focused on the other girl to realize how great you are and he is only flirting with you so that he'll have a fallback if the other girl rejects him. He is not giving you a fair chance and is stringing you along just in case.
Your Move: If this guy isn't giving you the respect and attention you deserve, kick him to the curb! If you aren't quite ready to totally cut him off yet, tell him that you don't like feeling like a second choice. But don't make this guy a priority when you're only an option to him.
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POSTED IN I want to be popular, guys, Dating, GL's best guy advice, crush crash course, weird guy stuff, textingjump to comments


text:
Impairment of Reading Ability in Dry Eye Patients
This study has been completed.
Johns Hopkins University
Information provided by (Responsible Party):
Esen K. Akpek, Johns Hopkins University
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
First received: April 4, 2013
Last updated: March 16, 2017
Last verified: March 2017
- Full Text View
- Tabular View
- Study Results
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
Biospecimen Retention: Samples With DNA
Detailed Description:
To assess the reading function impairment in patients with dry eye and to assess the effects of reading on the ocular surface.
|Dry Eye Syndromes
|Other: 30 minutes sustained reading Other: Dry eye exam
|Study Type:
|Study Design:
|Observational Model: Case-Control
Time Perspective: Prospective
|Official Title:
|Functional Impairment of Reading Ability in Dry Eye Patients and Effects of Sustained Reading on the Ocular Surface
Further study details as provided by Esen K. Akpek, Johns Hopkins University:
Primary Outcome Measures:
- Sustained Silent Reading Speed [ Time Frame: 30 minutes ]
Secondary Outcome Measures:
- Change in Total Ocular Staining Score (OSS) [ Time Frame: Before and after 30 minutes reading ]Ocular staining score (OSS) is sum of the corneal and conjuctival staining scores with a total possible maximum score of 12 for each eye. Corneal staining is graded with a maximum possible fluorescein score of 6 for each cornea (the punctate epithelial erosions grade between 0-3 plus any extra points for modifiers up to 3). Nasal and temporal conjunctiva are graded separately with a score range between 0 and 3 for each area after instillation of lissamine green. An abnormal OSS is defined as being a total score of 3 or more.
- Change in Tear Osmolarity [ Time Frame: Before and after 30 minutes reading ]
- Change in Visual Acuity [ Time Frame: 30 minutes ]
- Cytokines [ Time Frame: 30 minutes ]Identification of various inflammatory cytokines in tear film of dry eye patients comparing to controls and the effect of sustained reading to the levels of these cytokines.
Biospecimen Retention: Samples With DNA
|Study Start Date:
|April 2013
|Study Completion Date:
|November 2015
|Primary Completion Date:
|November 2015 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure)
|Assigned Interventions
Dry Eye
The patients with Sjogren Syndrome related or non-Sjogren Syndrome related dry eye. The participants will be asked some questions. Before and after reading a text silently in 30 minutes "30 minutes sustained reading", a detailed dry eye exam will be performed.
Other: 30 minutes sustained reading
The participants will be given a text to read silently in 30 minutes.Other: Dry eye exam
Tear break-up time, tear collection, osmolarity, Schirmer test, corneal and conjunctival staining.
The patients without dry eye. The participants will be asked some questions. Before and after reading a text silently in 30 minutes "30 minutes sustained reading", a detailed dry eye exam will be performed.
Other: 30 minutes sustained reading
The participants will be given a text to read silently in 30 minutes.Other: Dry eye exam
Tear break-up time, tear collection, osmolarity, Schirmer test, corneal and conjunctival staining.
Detailed Description:
This study is being done to understand how reading is affected in people with dry eye in comparison with healthy controls and what effect reading has on the ocular surface in patients with dry eye.
|Ages Eligible for Study:
|50 Years and older (Adult, Senior)
|Sexes Eligible for Study:
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
|Sampling Method:
|Non-Probability Sample
Study Population
Patients with known dry eye as well as normal healthy control subjects with no ocular surface diseases will be recruited from the Ocular Surface Diseases and Dry Eye Clinic as well as Glaucoma Clinic of the Wilmer Eye Institute.
Inclusion Criteria:
- age of 50 or greater,
- literacy in English language,
- ability to give informed consent
Exclusion Criteria:
- binocular vision below 20/25,
- any ocular surgery within the last 3 months,
- mental issues,
- illiteracy,
- language problems which might possibly interfere with reading ability,
- history of taking or current use of topical prescription anti-inflammatory eye drops (including, cyclosporine and steroids as well as any glaucoma eye drops).
Contacts and Locations
Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the Contacts provided below. For general information, see Learn About Clinical Studies.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01826812
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01826812
|United States, Maryland
|The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University
|Baltimore, Maryland, United States, 21287
Sponsors and Collaborators
Johns Hopkins University
|Principal Investigator:
|Esen K Akpek, MD
|The Johns Hopkins University
More Information
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on September 21, 2017
|Responsible Party:
|Esen K. Akpek, MD, Johns Hopkins University
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
|NCT01826812 History of Changes
|Other Study ID Numbers:
|Study First Received:
|April 4, 2013
|Results First Received:
|January 12, 2016
|Last Updated:
|March 16, 2017
|Individual Participant Data (IPD) Sharing Statement:
|Plan to Share IPD:
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca
Dry Eye Syndromes
Conjunctival Diseases
Eye Diseases
Corneal Diseases
Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on September 21, 2017