text:
Friday, April 16, 2010
Worksoft: Best Q1 Ever
Dallas-based Worksoft, a developer of testing and lifecycle automation software for SAP, announced Thursday that it had its best ever Q1 in the company's history. The privately held firm did not disclose financials, but said the Q1 topped a record revenue performance in its fiscal 2009 year. The firm said it added a record number of customers, across segments including retail, healthcare, consumer packaged goods, pharmaceutical, technology and financial services. Worksoft is venture backed by Austin Ventures and Crescendo Ventures.


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Tax Policy in an Economic Federation With Proportional Membership Fees
A significant part of the revenue in the EU budget is raised via a GNI-based resource. The purpose of this paper is to analyze how this way of raising funds to the central authority in an economic federation affects the tax policy implemented by the lower level jurisdictions. This question is analyzed both when labor is immobile, as well as mobile, between the jurisdictions. A key result is that if the government in a lower level jurisdiction acts as a Nash follower, then it has an incentive to implement a distortionary tax on labor whereas if the lower level government is able to act as a strategic leader within the federation, then the incentive to distort the labor market may be redundant.
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|27 pages
|Date of creation:
|16 May 2013
|Contact details of provider:
| Postal: Department of Economics, Umeå University, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
Phone: 090 - 786 61 42
Fax: 090 - 77 23 02
Web page: http://www.econ.umu.se/
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text:
How To Score At A Wedding
Page 3 of 3
Lend a helping handIf you couldn't guess, there's always plenty to do when it comes to weddings. Therefore, even if you're not directly involved in the planning and execution of the event, you can always offer to help out. You can elect yourself a designated driver for anyone who wants to drown their "damn-it-shoulda-been-me" woes, you can help the wedding party move chairs or tables around before the proceedings start, etc. Chances are, if you ask, they'll definitely find something for you to do. Of course, the key here is to present this "nice guy" persona in plain view of the ladies because it will give you an acceptable launching platform for your scheduled reception endeavors. Obviously, you're not an automatic saint just because you've offered to drive someone home, but when you're a stranger, it can only help your image (and help your chances to score at a wedding). Besides the visual (seeing someone for the first time), we often forget that even the smallest acts convey pieces of information — tiny details about us that contribute to the overall picture. In statistics, because you can't normally poll the entire population, you take a sample. And a sample is exactly what you're giving those dressed-up hotties by playing the "nice guy."
i now pronounce you a playerYou may be morally opposed to things like red carpets, rings and alters, but that doesn't mean a wedding is a waste of time for a Player. It's quite the opposite, in fact; it's a great opportunity to score. A respectable gentleman doesn't rely on alcohol consumption, as previously stated, and he certainly doesn't take advantage of a vulnerable, easily taken and easily discarded individual. However, he can skirt close to those boundaries by being an appropriate companion for the day (one who both listens and participates), by being in the right place at the right time, and by being both respectful and courteous throughout both the ceremony and reception. There's no trickery or deception in the Player's game. Instead of taking advantage of women, he takes advantage of his surroundings, and in this case, he operates strictly on a basis of subtlety and passive charm. You don't want to overplay your hand if you want to score at a wedding, as there is some restriction, but you've still got room to maneuver.
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STAR-CROSSED ENCOUNTERS DEPT.: Slouching into a swanky eatery in WeHo (which is what hip folk call West Hollywood), a pale, weary-looking HUGH GRANT parked it at the bar and ordered not one, but TWO, Red Bulls – explaining he was so jet-lagged and exhausted, he feared he might actually doze off in front of the dinner guests who'd be joining him shortly!
Said My SpyWitness: "Just as Hugh knocked back his second Red Bull, a woman – very noticeably sloshed – suddenly sidled up to our star and slurred, 'I'm a HUGE fan, Hugh! I simply must have a picture with you.'
"She brandished her cell phone, but Hugh instantly held up his hand, protesting, 'NO pictures tonight, I'm too tired!'"
Looking crushed and woebegone, Tipsy Lady started backing away, but…
her tootsies suddenly tangled and she crashed to the floor!
Gallant Grant immediately leaped to help her up – and staffers none-too-gently bum-rushed her out the door!


text: Just wondered if anyone has got or tried one of these yet? Havent been impressed with previous XDAs, for much the same reason as my HX4700 doesnt get masses of use, despite being pretty good - its all about the keyboard! This one however looks the dogs in terms of kb functionality.. and would avoid the current combination of bluetooth keyboard / hx4700 / nokia 6230i for when I'm out and about (a lot) I like the idea of the integrated keyboard, despite the bulk.. have a tomtom so not looking for it to do satnav, I Do run exchange 2k3 so direct activesync is possible wthout going through the PC.. However I also get through my 800mins call allowance every month, so it needs to be good for calls, and MUST work with a B/T car kit.. The nokia is great at this side of things.. concerned about battery life too. Comments?


text:
San Francisco • After years of bickering, Netflix and Comcast are working together to provide their subscribers with a more enjoyable experience when they're watching movies and television shows over high-speed Internet connections.
The new partnership is part of a breakthrough announced Sunday that requires Comcast's Internet service to create new avenues for Netflix's video to travel on its way to TVs and other devices. In return for the improved access, Netflix will pay Comcast an undisclosed amount of money for the next few years.
The arrangement represents an about-face for Netflix Inc., which had steadfastly refused to pay high-speed Internet service providers already collecting $40 to $60 per month from its customers. Netflix CEO Reed Hastings had contended that his company's Internet video service is one of the main reasons why households pay for broadband, making it unreasonable for Internet service providers such as Comcast Corp. to demand additional money from content providers.


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KABUL, Afghanistan — One year after President Barack Obama ordered a troop buildup to halt the Taliban's momentum, the war in Afghanistan has not broken decisively in favor of U.S.-led forces — at least not yet.
While NATO forces have routed insurgents from strongholds in southern Afghanistan, the Taliban's strongest region, the militants have opened new fronts in the north and west and stepped up attacks in the east.
At the same time, the surge has exacted a high price: More than 680 international troops, including at least 472 Americans, have been killed in 2010, making it the deadliest year of the war. Hundreds of Afghan civilians have also died, most as a result of Taliban attacks.
There has been little progress in dislodging the militants from their sanctuaries across the border in Pakistan. A corrupt and ineffectual Afghan government remains a fragile pillar of the U.S. war strategy. And many Afghans expect the Taliban to return to their southern strongholds when the winter snows melt.
The White House's year-end report on the war, to be released this week, is expected to express confidence that Afghan forces can take the lead in securing the country by the end of 2014, but also raise troubling questions about Pakistan's efforts to root out militants.
Gen. David Petraeus, the commander of U.S. and NATO forces in Afghanistan, has called for patience, saying that the extra 30,000 U.S. troops, along with about 10,000 additional NATO forces, finished arriving at the end of August — roughly nine months after Obama ordered the buildup on Dec. 1, 2009.
In northern Afghanistan, security has deteriorated for the past two years in Kunduz and surrounding provinces, hideouts for the Taliban, al-Qaida and fighters from other militant factions, including the Haqqani network.
Using Badghis province as a hub, the Taliban also has spread its influence in western Afghanistan and now controls several districts.
Petraeus says that in the past few months the coalition has arrested the Taliban's momentum in parts of eastern Afghanistan and in the southern provinces of Helmand and Kandahar, the focus of the U.S.-led campaign.
According to the coalition, 2,469 insurgents were captured and 952 were killed during the 90-day period ending Dec. 2.


text:
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Days 1-2: Queenstown. Arrive in Queenstown and spend a couple days exploring the "Adventure Capital of the World" and sampling some of the amazing activities this area has to offer.
Day 3: Milford Sound Overnight Cruise. Travel south to the famous Milford Sound for an overnight cruise and kayaking trip.
Days 4-5: Wanaka/Mount Aspiring National Park. Wanaka is a fantastic town, right on the edge of the Mount Aspiring National Park. The Rob Roy Glacier hike is our favorite day walk in the whole of New Zealand!
Day 6: Fox Glacier. Fox Glacier is a very unique glacier. Walk through the ancient rain forest right onto the ice!
Day 7: Punankaiki/Pancake Rocks. The limestone rock formations of the Pancake Rocks are simply stunning.
Days 8-9: Abel Tasman National Park. The Abel Tasman is New Zealand's most famous national park. This is the perfect time to venture out on kayak to explore the many deserted bays, beaches and islands. Even break out the snorkeling gear and swim with the seals!
Days 10-11: Marlborough Sounds/Queen Charlotte Track. The Marlborough Sounds are the perfect place to kick back and relax, or to get active on kayak or mountain bike!
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text:
The fifth season of AMC's "Breaking Bad" airs tonight. I can't help but think one thing — Walter White must die.
White, played with effective brilliance by Bryan Cranston, is the series star. A high school chemistry teacher turned drug kingpin, the character has undergone an enormous transition from troubled terminal cancer patient seeking to provide for his family, to a conniving opportunist with the survival traits of a cockroach.
Over the course of the series, White has secretly betrayed his partner Jesse Pinkman (Aaron Paul) twice by hurting those closest to him.
First, White allowed Pinkman's girlfriend to suffocate to death while he watched and did nothing. For an encore, White poisoned the son of Pinkman's girlfriend.
That's just the best friend. White's family has been another thing entirely.
White's wife Skyler (Anna Gunn) has been enlisted as an accomplice. She has gone from a tightly wound but well-meaning matriarch to a money-laundering crime partner who now has blood on her hands.
Meanwhile, White's had to keep one step ahead of his DEA agent brother-in-law Hank Schrader (Dean Norris). Hank survived an assassination attempt at the hand of two Mexican cartel hitmen, who originally crossed the border hunting for White.
Hank's wife Marie (Betsy Brandt) has endured her husband's gunshot wound recovery while battling depression, which triggered episodes of kleptomania.
Oh, and White's rivals? All dead, with the end coming by way strangulation, gunfire and, as of last season's finale, a suicide bombing in an old folk's home, respectively.
Which brings me back to my original point — everyone who is unfortunate enough to get close to White has experienced physical or emotional trauma, except the man himself. He's managed to kill his enemies and his cancer diagnosis.
So he must die.
All of this is a long way of saying I have become so invested in the series that I feel an emotional attachment to the characters. It's a credit to series creator Vince Gilligan and his crack writing team.
Fans who have watched since Day 1 have seen one of the most unique and fascinating character transformations in television history.
Walter White was introduced as a noble, hard-working, dedicated family man. His decision to produce and distribute drugs was out of necessity. The clock was ticking on his life.
If you've ever struggled to make ends meet and secretly wished for some sort of magic trick to make your financial woes disappear, White's decision seemed relatable.
Watching the show, we've learned that there is zero nobility or honor amongst drug pushers. Only dollar signs and caskets.
White's plunge into darkness is no mere morality tale. Presented with such detailed storytelling and skillful acting, it's an artful discourse on what makes a man good or evil.
The question raised by other critics leading up to the series premiere is this — are we born bad, or do we become bad?
I'm not sure about the general answer. But in regard to Walt White's fate, I believe there can be only one permanent, fatal outcome.
Follow Marcos Cabrera on Twitter at Twitter.com/ MarcACabrera.


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Grande National Leasing has been in operation since 1984, building our reputation through sound business ethics, superior personal service, and custom tailored finance and leasing programs for companies and individuals alike.
As one of the oldest and largest independent leasing companies in Canada, GNL has built up a diverse leasing portfolio that includes exotic and luxury cars like Lamborghini, Ferrari, Mercedes-Benz and BMW and commercial vehicles including all makes and models of light to medium duty trucks and cargo vans.
GNL is also your exclusive Canadian dealer for the MV-1 Accessible Vehicle, the first factory built accessible vehicle in the world.
Put our 30 years of experience in automotive financing, leasing and sales solutions to work for you. Contact Us today.
- New and Pre-Owned Vehicle Sales and Leasing
- Fleet Consulting, Sales and Leasing Services
- Taxi/Para-Transit/Livery Consulting, Sales and Leasing Services
- Finance and Insurance Services


text:
At the beginning of each year, I like to think about what the big trends are for startups that make it easier to build your business, raise capital or just make it easier for you to get going. To start –a trend that has been continuing for several years now is the decreasing cost of technology solutions from the cost of laptops to the proliferation of online business services such as Grasshopper, an online phone system that's only $15/month. It works and I use these services for my own startup so I got rid of the expensive business landline, saving over $100/month.
This enables the startup to really get going with a home or virtual office that saves on expensive leases, office and telecommunications equipment but still gives you the feel of the 'big guys'.
Back to 2012 trends— Overall I expect that the following trends are going to gain momentum and you'll be hearing more about them.
1) Easier to market for less money– Think social media. Businesses with an online presence that are able to gather friends, fans & followers will also effectively get new customers while retaining older ones. Through newsletters, blogs, Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, or any other online community, you can connect with your base. Before this, you needed to stand on a corner and hand out flyers or put an ad in the local paper. Social media is not necessarily "free" as you need to spend the time of an employee or resource to connect and communicate but hey, you need to consider this part of your marketing effort. It can be more effective and less expensive than other types of traditional marketing since it's very targeted.
2) Anything mobile– According to Gartner, in 2012 and beyond, the dollar growth will be in smartphones and tablets like the iPad. This industry is not dying out any time soon. People will continue to use these as a primary way to connect to the internet and web related services. Making life easier or accessible for consumers in their palm will dominate. Startups that leverage this mobile technology for their own products & services will win the hearts of their customers. I too will have to make my online business accessible on smartphones within the next 12 months— someone tweeted about it. (How great is it to get that kind of feedback in real time?)
3) Alternative sources of financing– With banks still reticent to lend- even with loosened SBA standards, what's a startup to do to get $$? Besides breaking your piggy bank, and hitting up Uncle Buck, you can consider some alternative sources of financing. Consider crowd source funding using sites like ProFounder or IndieGoGo to raise money in the form of 'donations' for cool ideas; think Diaspora, the NYU student run, personal web server that combines social media which raised $200k in 2010. ProFounder offers a couple of options from a revenue share to selling equity in exchange for $$. I know the founder, Dana Mariello, and she's brilliant so check it out.


text:
West Bengal's leftists have regained control of the Kolkata civic body after five years; but their lacklustre victory allows the opposition Trinamool Congress to just about stay afloat as a political force ahead of next year's assembly elections.
Leftists had predicted a sweeping victoryĀin polls to the Kolkata Municipal Corporation, which was held by the Trinamool since 2000.
Pre-poll surveys showed that people were frustrated with bickering within the opposition parties.
The Left Front just scraped through to an absolute majority of 75 seats in the 141-seat KMC.
The Trinamool and its allies and the Congress and its partnersĀgarnered 64 seats, with the former group winning 45 seats.
However,ĀMamata Banerjee's Trinamool CongressĀhas something to cheer about.ĀTrinamool Congress can take solace from the fact that it secured only one seat in the capitalĀcity in the last parliamentary elections.
None in the opposition camp believedĀa Left comeback could be prevented.
The encouraging performance could spur party workers to work for a better showing in next year's assembly elections.
The going couldn't have been worse for the Trinamool after its decimation in the 2001 assembly election and total rout in the 2004 parliament polls.
Kolkata civic debacle was waiting to happen, but the thud wasn't as loud as the leftists would have liked it to be.
Also, Trinamool won the Uttarpara Kotrang municipality, adjacent to Kolkata.
Trinamool party workers in the countryside would be looking up to these polls for inspiration.


text:
The editor in chief and the faculty advisor of Elmhurst's student newspaper, The Leader, talk about journalism, deadlines and producing an award-winning publication.
Elmhurst volleyball coach Julie Hall has reached a coaching milestone by winning the 500th match of her career.
Elmhurst's football team recently traveled to Italy, where they practiced with and played against the Legio XIII Roma all-star team.
For 34 students, a spring-break trip with Habitat for Humanity offered a chance to learn about themselves and the world around them.
Students in Elmhurst's Intercultural Seminar engage with authors, scholars and newsmakers who visit campus to present lectures.
In partnership with a consortium of other colleges, Elmhurst offers a wide array of study-abroad opportunities.
International students at Elmhurst find a new home on a welcoming campus—and share their global perspective with their classmates.
Elmhurst College • 190 Prospect Avenue • Elmhurst, Illinois 60126-3296 • (630) 279-4100
Undergraduate Admission • (630) 617-3400 • (800) 697-1871 • email@example.com
School for Professional Studies • (630) 617-3300 • (800) 581-4723 • firstname.lastname@example.com
Elmhurst Learning and Success Academy Admission • (630) 617-3752 • firstname.lastname@example.com


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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Dec 9, 2008
|Filing date
|Jul 3, 2006
|Priority date
|Jul 15, 1997
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Kia Silverbrook
|Original Assignee
|Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (90), Non-Patent Citations (4), Classifications (96), Legal Events (7)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/144,801 filed on Jun. 6, 2005, now issued U.S. Pat. No. 7,090,337, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/810,588 filed on Mar. 29, 2004, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,913,346, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/798,714 filed on Mar. 2, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,712,453, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/112,809 filed on Jul. 10, 1998, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,283,582, the entire contents of which is are herein incorporated by reference.
The present invention relates to ink jet printing and in particular discloses an iris motion ink jet printer.
The present invention further relates to the field of drop on demand ink jet printing.
Many different types of printing have been invented, a large number of which are presently in use. The known forms of printing have a variety of methods for marking the print media with a relevant marking media. Commonly used forms of printing include offset printing, laser printing and copying devices, dot matrix type impact printers, thermal paper printers, film recorders, thermal wax printers, dye sublimation printers and ink jet printers both of the drop on demand and continuous flow type. Each type of printer has its own advantages and problems when considering cost, speed, quality, reliability, simplicity of construction and operation etc.
In recent years, the field of ink jet printing, wherein each individual pixel of ink is derived from one or more ink nozzles has become increasingly popular primarily due to its inexpensive and versatile nature.
Many different techniques of ink jet printing have been invented. For a survey of the field, reference is made to an article by J Moore, "Non-Impact Printing: Introduction and Historical Perspective", Output Hard Copy Devices, Editors R Dubeck and S Sherr, pages 207-220 (1988).
Ink Jet printers themselves come in many different forms. The utilization of a continuous stream of ink in ink jet printing appears to date back to at least 1929 wherein U.S. Pat. No. 1,941,001 by Hansell discloses a simple form of continuous stream electro-static ink jet printing.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,596,275 by Sweet also discloses a process of a continuous ink jet printing including the step wherein the ink jet stream is modulated by a high frequency electro-static field so as to cause drop separation. This technique is still utilized by several manufacturers including Elmjet and Scitex (see also U.S. Pat. No. 3,373,437 by Sweet et al)
Piezoelectric ink jet printers are also one form of commonly utilized ink jet printing device. Piezoelectric systems are disclosed by Kyser et. al. in U.S. Pat. No. 3,946,398 (1970) which utilizes a diaphragm mode of operation, by Zolten in U.S. Pat. No. 3,683,212 (1970) which discloses a squeeze mode of operation of a piezoelectric crystal, Stemme in U.S. Pat. No. 3,747,120 (1972) discloses a bend mode of piezoelectric operation, Howkins in U.S. Pat. No. 4,459,601 discloses a piezoelectric push mode actuation of the ink jet stream and Fischbeck in U.S. Pat. No. 4,584,590 which discloses a shear mode type of piezoelectric transducer element.
Recently, thermal ink jet printing has become an extremely popular form of ink jet printing. The ink jet printing techniques include those disclosed by Endo et al in GB 2007162 (1979) and Vaught et al in U.S. Pat. No. 4,490,728. Both the aforementioned references disclosed ink jet printing techniques which rely upon the activation of an electrothermal actuator which results in the creation of a bubble in a constricted space, such as a nozzle, which thereby causes the ejection of ink from an aperture connected to the confined space onto a relevant print media. Printing devices utilizing the electro-thermal actuator are manufactured by manufacturers such as Canon and Hewlett Packard.
As can be seen from the foregoing, many different types of printing technologies are available. Ideally, a printing technology should have a number of desirable attributes. These include inexpensive construction and operation, high speed operation, safe and continuous long term operation etc. Each technology may have its own advantages and disadvantages in the areas of cost, speed, quality, reliability, power usage, simplicity of construction operation, durability and consumables.
According to one aspect, the present invention provides an inkjet nozzle assembly comprising:
a nozzle chamber for ink to be ejected, the chamber comprising an ink inlet for fluid communication with an ink reservoir and a nozzle through which ink from the chamber can be ejected; and,
at least one thermal actuator for contracting the chamber such that ink is ejected through the nozzle.
According to a second aspect, the present invention provides an ink nozzle assembly for an inkjet printer, the nozzle assembly comprising:
a nozzle and an actuator for ejecting ink through said nozzle; wherein,
the actuator comprises a resiliently contractible chamber.
According to another aspect, the present invention provides an ink nozzle assembly for an inkjet printer, the nozzle assembly comprising:
a nozzle;
a nozzle chamber for ink to be ejected through the nozzle, the chamber comprising walls configured to define a first volume within the chamber; and, at least one actuator for reconfiguring the walls to define a second volume less than the first volume.
There is also disclosed herein an ink jet nozzle assembly including a nozzle chamber formed on a substrate, the nozzle chamber having an ink ejection port and a projecting rim formed integrally with the nozzle chamber about said ink ejection port.
There is further disclosed herein an ink jet nozzle assembly including:
a nozzle chamber having an inlet in fluid communication with an ink reservoir and a nozzle through which ink from the chamber can be ejected;
the chamber including a fixed portion and a movable portion configured for relative movement in an ejection phase and alternate relative movement in a refill phase;
an expanding, flexible arm and a rigid arm each connected with the movable portion and cooperating to effect periodically said relative movement; and
the inlet being positioned and dimensioned relative to the nozzle such that ink is ejected preferentially from the chamber through the nozzle in droplet form during the ejection phase, and ink is alternately drawn preferentially into the chamber from the reservoir through the inlet during the refill phase.
Preferably the movable portion includes the nozzle and the fixed portion is mounted substrate.
Preferably the fixed portion includes the nozzle mounted on a substrate and the movable portion includes a vane unit.
Preferably a plurality of said vane units arranged around said ink ejection port, said vane units each attached to a said expanding, flexible arm and a said rigid arm such that upon activation, a volume of ink in the nozzle chamber adjacent said ejection port is pressurized so as to cause the ejection of ink from said ink ejection port.
Preferably said flexible arms comprise a conductive heater material encased within an expansion material having a high coefficient of thermal expansion.
Preferably said conductive heater material is constructed so as to form a concertina upon expansion of said expansion material.
Preferably said heater material is of a serpentine form and forms a concertina upon heating so as to allow substantially unhindered expansion of said expansion material during heating.
Preferably said vane units are arranged annularly around said ink ejection port.
Preferably said vane units operate as an iris around said ink ejection port.
Preferably the vane units are of a semi-circular form.
Preferably the assembly comprises four said vane units.
Preferably said expansion material comprises substantially polytetrafluoroethylene.
Preferably said conductive heater material comprises substantially copper.
Preferably an outer surface of said chamber includes a plurality of etchant holes provided so as to allow a rapid etching of sacrificial layers during construction.
Notwithstanding any other forms which may fall within the scope of the present invention, preferred forms of the invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
In the preferred embodiment, there is a provided an ink jet printhead which includes a series of nozzle arrangements, each nozzle arrangement including an actuator device comprising a plurality of actuators which actuate a series of paddles that operate in an iris type motion so as to cause the ejection of ink from a nozzle chamber.
Turning initially to
Each nozzle vane 14 is actuated by means of a thermal actuator 15 positioned at its base. Each thermal actuator 15 has two arms namely, an expanding, flexible arm 25 and a rigid arm 26. Each actuator is fixed at one end 27 and is displaceable at an opposed end 28. Each expanding arm 25 can be constructed from a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) layer 29, inside of which is constructed a serpentine copper heater 16. The rigid arm 26 of the thermal actuator 15 comprises return trays of the copper heater 16 and the vane 14. The result of the heating of the expandable arms 25 of the thermal actuators 15 is that the outer PTFE layer 29 of each actuator 15 is caused to bend around thereby causing the vanes 14 to push ink towards the centre of the nozzle chamber 12. The serpentine trays of the copper layer 16 concertina in response to the high thermal expansion of the PTFE layer 29. The other vanes 18-20 are operated simultaneously. The four vanes therefore cause a general compression of the ink within the nozzle chamber 12 resulting in a subsequent ejection of ink from the ink ejection port 11.
A roof 22 of the nozzle arrangement 10 is formed from a nitride layer and is supported by posts 23. The roof 22 includes a series of holes 24 which are provided in order to facilitate rapid etching of sacrificial materials within lower layers during construction. The holes 24 are provided of a small diameter such that surface tension effects are sufficient to stop any ink being ejected from the nitride holes 24 as opposed to the ink ejection port 11 upon activation of the iris vanes 14.
The arrangement of
On top of the nitride layer 32 is constructed the aluminium layer 33 which includes various heater circuits in addition to vias to the lower CMOS layer.
Next a PTFE layer 34 is provided with the PTFE layer 34 comprising 2 layers which encase a lower copper layer 33. Next, a first nitride layer 36 is constructed for the iris vanes 14, 18-20 of
The various layers 33, 34, 36 and 37 can be constructed utilizing intermediate sacrificial layers which are, as standard with MEMS processes, subsequently etched away so as to release the functional device. Suitable sacrificial materials include glass. When necessary, such as in the construction of nitride layer 37, various other semi-conductor processes such as dual damascene processing can be utilized.
One form of detailed manufacturing process which can be used to fabricate monolithic ink jet printheads operating in accordance with the principles taught by the present embodiment can proceed utilizing the following steps:
1. Using a double sided polished wafer, complete drive transistors, data distribution, and timing circuits using a 0.5 micron, one poly, 2 metal CMOS process. The wafer is passivated with 0.1 microns of silicon nitride. Relevant features of the wafer at this step are shown in
2. Deposit 1 micron of sacrificial material (e.g. aluminum or photosensitive polyimide)
3. Etch the sacrificial layer using Mask 1. This mask defines the nozzle chamber posts 23 and the actuator anchor point. This step is shown in
4. Deposit 1 micron of PTFE.
5. Etch the PTFE, nitride, and oxide down to second level metal using Mask 2. This mask defines the heater vias. This step is shown in
6. Deposit 1 micron of a conductor with a low Young's modulus, for example aluminum or gold.
7. Pattern the conductor using Mask 3. This step is shown in
8. Deposit 1 micron of PTFE.
9. Etch the PTFE down to the sacrificial layer using Mask 4. This mask defines the actuators 15. This step is shown in
10. Wafer probe. All electrical connections are complete at this point, bond pads are accessible, and the chips are not yet separated.
11. Deposit 6 microns of sacrificial material.
12. Etch the sacrificial material using Mask 5. This mask defines the iris paddle vanes 14, 18-20 and the nozzle chamber posts 23. This step is shown in
13. Deposit 3 microns of PECVD glass and planarize down to the sacrificial layer using CMP.
14. Deposit 0.5 micron of sacrificial material.
15. Etch the sacrificial material down to glass using Mask 6. This mask defines the nozzle chamber posts 23. This step is shown in
16. Deposit 3 microns of PECVD glass.
17. Etch to a depth of (approx.) 1 micron using Mask 7. This mask defines a nozzle rim. This step is shown in
18. Etch down to the sacrificial layer using Mask 8. This mask defines the roof 22 of the nozzle chamber 12, the port 11, and the sacrificial etch access holes 24. This step is shown in
19. Back-etch completely through the silicon wafer (with, for example, an ASE Advanced Silicon Etcher from Surface Technology Systems) using Mask 9. This mask defines the ink inlets which are etched through the wafer. When the silicon layer is etched, change the etch chemistry to etch the glass and nitride using the silicon as a mask. The wafer is also diced by this etch. This step is shown in
20. Etch the sacrificial material. The nozzle chambers 12 are cleared, the actuators 15 freed, and the chips are separated by this etch. This step is shown in
21. Mount the printheads in their packaging, which may be a molded plastic former incorporating ink channels which supply the appropriate color ink to the ink inlets at the back of the wafer.
22. Connect the printheads to their interconnect systems. For a low profile connection with minimum disruption of airflow, TAB may be used. Wire bonding may also be used if the printer is to be operated with sufficient clearance to the paper.
23. Hydrophobize the front surface of the printheads.
24. Fill the completed printheads with ink and test them. A filled nozzle is shown in
Referring now to
The assembly 110 includes a silicon substrate or wafer 116 on which a dielectric layer 118 is deposited. A CMOS passivation layer 120 is deposited on the dielectric layer 118.
Each nozzle assembly 110 includes a nozzle 122 defining a nozzle opening 124, a connecting member in the form of a lever arm 126 and an actuator 128. The lever arm 126 connects the actuator 128 to the nozzle 122.
As shown in greater detail in
An ink inlet aperture 142 (shown most clearly in
A wall portion 150 bounds the aperture 142 and extends upwardly from the floor portion 146. The skirt portion 132, as indicated above, of the nozzle 122 defines a first part of a peripheral wall of the nozzle chamber 134 and the wall portion 150 defines a second part of the peripheral wall of the nozzle chamber 134.
The wall 150 has an inwardly directed lip 152 at its free end which serves as a fluidic seal which inhibits the escape of ink when the nozzle 122 is displaced, as will be described in greater detail below. It will be appreciated that, due to the viscosity of the ink 140 and the small dimensions of the spacing between the lip 152 and the skirt portion 132, the inwardly directed lip 152 and surface tension function as a seal for inhibiting the escape of ink from the nozzle chamber 134.
The actuator 128 is a thermal bend actuator and is connected to an anchor 154 extending upwardly from the substrate 116 or, more particularly, from the CMOS passivation layer 120. The anchor 154 is mounted on conductive pads 156 which form an electrical connection with the actuator 128.
The actuator 128 comprises a first, active beam 158 arranged above a second, passive beam 160. In a preferred embodiment, both beams 158 and 160 are of, or include, a conductive ceramic material such as titanium nitride (TiN).
Both beams 158 and 160 have their first ends anchored to the anchor 154 and their opposed ends connected to the arm 126. When a current is caused to flow through the active beam 158 thermal expansion of the beam 158 results. As the passive beam 160, through which there is no current flow, does not expand at the same rate, a bending moment is created causing the arm 126 and, hence, the nozzle 122 to be displaced downwardly towards the substrate 116 as shown in
Referring now to
To facilitate close packing of the nozzle assemblies 110 in the rows 172 and 174, the nozzle assemblies 110 in the row 174 are offset or staggered with respect to the nozzle assemblies 110 in the row 172. Also, the nozzle assemblies 110 in the row 172 are spaced apart sufficiently far from each other to enable the lever arms 126 of the nozzle assemblies 110 in the row 174 to pass between adjacent nozzles 122 of the assemblies 110 in the row 172. It is to be noted that each nozzle assembly 110 is substantially dumbbell shaped so that the nozzles 122 in the row 172 nest between the nozzles 122 and the actuators 128 of adjacent nozzle assemblies 110 in the row 174.
Further, to facilitate close packing of the nozzles 122 in the rows 172 and 174, each nozzle 122 is substantially hexagonally shaped.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that, when the nozzles 122 are displaced towards the substrate 116, in use, due to the nozzle opening 124 being at a slight angle with respect to the nozzle chamber 134 ink is ejected slightly off the perpendicular. It is an advantage of the arrangement shown in
Also, as shown in
Referring to
In this development, a nozzle guard 180 is mounted on the substrate 116 of the array 114. The nozzle guard 180 includes a body member 182 having a plurality of passages 184 defined therethrough. The passages 184 are in register with the nozzle openings 124 of the nozzle assemblies 110 of the array 114 such that, when ink is ejected from any one of the nozzle openings 124, the ink passes through the associated passage 184 before striking the print media.
The body member 182 is mounted in spaced relationship relative to the nozzle assemblies 110 by limbs or struts 186. One of the struts 186 has air inlet openings 188 defined therein.
In use, when the array 114 is in operation, air is charged through the inlet openings 188 to be forced through the passages 184 together with ink travelling through the passages 184.
The ink is not entrained in the air as the air is charged through the passages 184 at a different velocity from that of the ink droplets 164. For example, the ink droplets 164 are ejected from the nozzles 122 at a velocity of approximately 3 m/s. The air is charged through the passages 184 at a velocity of approximately 1 m/s.
The purpose of the air is to maintain the passages 184 clear of foreign particles. A danger exists that these foreign particles, such as dust particles, could fall onto the nozzle assemblies 110 adversely affecting their operation. With the provision of the air inlet openings 88 in the nozzle guard 180 this problem is, to a large extent, obviated.
Referring now to
Starting with the silicon substrate or wafer 116, the dielectric layer 118 is deposited on a surface of the wafer 116. The dielectric layer 118 is in the form of approximately 1.5 microns of CVD oxide. Resist is spun on to the layer 118 and the layer 118 is exposed to mask 200 and is subsequently developed.
After being developed, the layer 118 is plasma etched down to the silicon layer 116. The resist is then stripped and the layer 118 is cleaned. This step defines the ink inlet aperture 142.
Approximately 0.5 microns of PECVD nitride is deposited as the CMOS passivation layer 120. Resist is spun on and the layer 120 is exposed to mask 206 whereafter it is developed. After development, the nitride is plasma etched down to the aluminum layer 202 and the silicon layer 116 in the region of the inlet aperture 142. The resist is stripped and the device cleaned.
A layer 208 of a sacrificial material is spun on to the layer 120. The layer 208 is 6 microns of photo-sensitive polyimide or approximately 4 μm of high temperature resist. The layer 208 is softbaked and is then exposed to mask 210 whereafter it is developed. The layer 208 is then hardbaked at 400� C. for one hour where the layer 208 is comprised of polyimide or at greater than 300� C. where the layer 208 is high temperature resist. It is to be noted in the drawings that the pattern-dependent distortion of the polyimide layer 208 caused by shrinkage is taken into account in the design of the mask 210.
In the next step, shown in
A 0.2 micron multi-layer metal layer 216 is then deposited. Part of this layer 216 forms the passive beam 160 of the actuator 128.
The layer 216 is formed by sputtering 1,000 Å of titanium nitride (TiN) at around 300� C. followed by sputtering 50 Å of tantalum nitride (TaN). A further 1,000 Å of TiN is sputtered on followed by 50 Å of TaN and a further 1,000 Å of TiN.
Other materials which can be used instead of TiN are TiB2, MoSi2 or (Ti, Al)N.
The layer 216 is then exposed to mask 218, developed and plasma etched down to the layer 212 whereafter resist, applied for the layer 216, is wet stripped taking care not to remove the cured layers 208 or 212.
A third sacrificial layer 220 is applied by spinning on 4 μm of photo-sensitive polyimide or approximately 2.6 μm high temperature resist. The layer 220 is softbaked whereafter it is exposed to mask 222. The exposed layer is then developed followed by hardbaking. In the case of polyimide, the layer 220 is hardbaked at 400� C. for approximately one hour or at greater than 300� C. where the layer 220 comprises resist.
A second multi-layer metal layer 224 is applied to the layer 220. The constituents of the layer 224 are the same as the layer 216 and are applied in the same manner. It will be appreciated that both layers 216 and 224 are electrically conductive layers.
The layer 224 is exposed to mask 226 and is then developed. The layer 224 is plasma etched down to the polyimide or resist layer 220 whereafter resist applied for the layer 224 is wet stripped taking care not to remove the cured layers 208, 212 or 220. It will be noted that the remaining part of the layer 224 defines the active beam 158 of the actuator 128.
A fourth sacrificial layer 228 is applied by spinning on 4 μm of photo-sensitive polyimide or approximately 2.6 μm of high temperature resist. The layer 228 is softbaked, exposed to the mask 230 and is then developed to leave the island portions as shown in
As shown in
A fifth sacrificial layer 234 is applied by spinning on 2 μm of photo-sensitive polyimide or approximately 1.3 μm of high temperature resist. The layer 234 is softbaked, exposed to mask 236 and developed. The remaining portion of the layer 234 is then hardbaked at 400� C. for one hour in the case of the polyimide or at greater than 300� C. for the resist.
The dielectric layer 232 is plasma etched down to the sacrificial layer 228 taking care not to remove any of the sacrificial layer 234.
This step defines the nozzle opening 124, the lever arm 126 and the anchor 154 of the nozzle assembly 110.
A high Young's modulus dielectric layer 238 is deposited. This layer 238 is formed by depositing 0.2 μm of silicon nitride or aluminum nitride at a temperature below the hardbaked temperature of the sacrificial layers 208, 212, 220 and 228.
Then, as shown in
An ultraviolet (UV) release tape 240 is applied. 4 μm of resist is spun on to a rear of the silicon wafer 116. The wafer 116 is exposed to mask 242 to back etch the wafer 116 to define the ink inlet channel 148. The resist is then stripped from the wafer 116.
A further UV release tape (not shown) is applied to a rear of the wafer 16 and the tape 240 is removed. The sacrificial layers 208, 212, 220, 228 and 234 are stripped in oxygen plasma to provide the final nozzle assembly 110 as shown in
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that many other forms of construction may be possible utilizing a wide range of materials having suitable characteristics without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention as broadly described. The present embodiment is, therefore, to be considered in all respects to be illustrative and not restrictive.
The presently disclosed ink jet printing technology is potentially suited to a wide range of printing systems including: color and monochrome office printers, short run digital printers, high speed digital printers, offset press supplemental printers, low cost scanning printers, high speed pagewidth printers, notebook computers with inbuilt pagewidth printers, portable color and monochrome printers, color and monochrome copiers, color and monochrome facsimile machines, combined printer, facsimile and copying machines, label printers, large format plotters, photograph copiers, printers for digital photographic 'minilabs', video printers, PHOTO CD (PHOTO CD is a registered trade mark of the Eastman Kodak Company) printers, portable printers for PDAs, wallpaper printers, indoor sign printers, billboard printers, fabric printers, camera printers and fault tolerant commercial printer arrays.
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|Jul 3, 2006
Owner name: SILVERBROOK RESEARCH PTY LTD, AUSTRIA
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text:
Shure SE112m+
Shure's back with an iOS-friendly set of earphones
These headphones offer comfort and great sound quality at a reasonable price.
Serious headphones that know how to have fun, and at the right price too.
They look like the top-end SE535, but can they compete on sound?
Shure's top of the range single-driver earphones have their work cut out to justify the fairly high asking price.
Detachable cables may be the major upgrade for the SE425s over their predecessors, but they don't just rely on gimmicks to impress.
The infamously brilliant SE530s are blessed with a successor. But how successful an update are the SE535 earphones?
Shure adds an iPod and iPhone friendly in-line remote to its SE115 earphones.


text:
Dimitri Fontaine wrote: > Question for the slow readers: this new FSM scheme being dynamic, it's no > longer possible to have table bloat, right? > (where table bloat is full of dead-for-any-transaction tuples, and you have to > CLUSTER or VACUUM FULL to be able to reuse the space it takes) No, it didn't change that. Regular VACUUMing or autovacuum is still needed. -- Heikki Linnakangas EnterpriseDB http://www.enterprisedb.com
Next: From: Zdenek Kotala Date: 2008-09-30 12:49:26 Subject: Re: FSM rewrite committed, loose ends Previous: From: Gurjeet Singh Date: 2008-09-30 12:45:37 Subject: Re: FSM rewrite committed, loose ends


text:
When the Harvard Class of 2018 arrives on campus this fall, Harvard Yard will be a shade greener. Marking another great stride in sustainability, the College and the Freshman Dean's Office, in collaboration with the Faculty of Arts and Sciences Green Program, is implementing composting in all freshman dormitories.
The desire for residential composting in freshman dorms was sparked last year by Green '17, a group of passionate and sustainability-minded members of the Class of 2017. The group, led by Cliff Goertemiller, College '17, ran a successful composting pilot last spring in Greenough and Mower Halls, which included these dedicated students personally transporting the compost from the dorms to the dining halls three times a week. The expanded program is scaled to serve the nearly 1,800 residents of the Yard community, and seeks to use the Yard as a model space for successful sustainability initiatives.
"One of the reasons this program is so exciting to me, is because it is a uniquely collaborative effort between a wide range of people to support a student-led initiative. We are able to complete such a large scale project only with the support and counsel of many departments and leaders on campus. Additionally, educating our students and staff about compost is an incredible opportunity to grow as a campus committed to sustainability," says Kelsey Grab, Residential Coordinator for the Resource Efficiency Program and Green Teen Program Advisor.
Goertemiller and his Green '17 peers continue to drive the program, and have drawn strong partnerships with the FAS Office of Physical Resources and Planning, Harvard Recycling, and the Freshman Dean's Office to make this initiative a success. Before students arrive on campus the project team will deploy over 600 compost barrels and individually-sized bins to reside alongside their recycling and trash counterparts.
"Although we are one of the first campuses to have residential composting programs, we are not the only ones who see that compost is necessary. Compost will cut back on our need for landfill space, save money, and divert waste in a positive way. On campus, our compost is brought to a local farm that produces some of Harvard's food and is also used as fertilizer for our soil. The closed loop is not only sustainable, but incredibly beneficial to our community," says Grab.
Before freshman are greeted by their new green composting bins they will have the opportunity to take a five-minute crash course in sustainability at Harvard called Green Edu. Green Edu, a tool developed by the Undergraduate Resource Efficiency Program and the Office for Sustainability, educates and quizzes incoming students not only on composting and Harvard's waste stream, but also on important sustainable dorm-living behaviors, including reducing hot water use and minimizing food waste.
Here's how to compost in your room:
Read the Harvard Gazette coverage


text:
Russell Crowe Calls Circumcision "Barbaric & Stupid" – Kellie's Showbiz Top 5 [AUDIO]
Today's Showbiz Top 5 includes: Paris Hilton's lil' bro, Barron, is ordered to pay $225,000 to the victim of a drunk driving accident (Barron is trying to follow in his big sister's footsteps). The internet pop sensation, Rebecca Black, is teaming up with Katy Perry in Katy's newest music video. 'Real Houswives of New York City' star, Ramona Singer is caught being racially insensitive in the most recent episode of the show. Russell Crowe is jumping on board the foreskin train, and declaring circumcision "Barbaric & Stupid". And lastly more gossip on Kim Kardashian's engagement, this time it's prenup talk. Kellie Rasberry is your best choice for Hollywood gossip.
Barron Hilton Ordered To Pay $225,000 To DUI Accident Victim
Rebecca Black Is In Katy Perry's 'Last Friday Night' Video
Watch Ramona Singer & Jill Zarin's Intense Catfight on 'Real Housewives of New York City'
Russell Crowe: "Circumcision Is Barbaric & Stupid"


text:
ISLAMABAD: Another session of the federal cabinet's Economic Coordination Committee (ECC) held to resolve the CNG pricing crisis remained inconclusive yet again on Wednesday, DawnNews reported.
The session was led by the Federal Law Minister Farooq H Naek in Islamabad.
According to ministry sources, the finance ministry refused to reduce the taxes imposed on CNG. The sources also said the taxes had been imposed for the formation of a new gas infrastructure. Therefore, the current financial position did not allow for tax reductions.
The petroleum ministry also refused to reduce the price of the gas used in manufacturing CNG, ministry sources informed DawnNews.
Speaking to media representatives after the session, Naek said that all stakeholders had presented their suggestions on new CNG prices. He added that the issue would be resolved soon.
He further said that the operating costs would be taken into account while setting new CNG prices. The demands of the CNG association would also be considered, he added.
Chairman Supreme Council of All Pakistan CNG Association Ghayas Paracha said that the CNG tariff was Rs 44 per kilo higher in comparison to urea and Rs 26 per kilo higher in comparison to the industrial sector. It was imperative to equalise the prices, he added.
Paracha also said that CNG Association would join the public in protesting against the non-resolution of the CNG issue if it remained unresolved by Dec 31.


text:
Good afternoon, I have developed a habit (though minimal - one month) of pushing down my right eyebrow downwards(toward eyelid) minimally (2-3mm) due to personal reasons. Although I have recently stopped doing this, could this have caused my right eyebrow to sag / come down? Gender: Male Age: 25 Smoking: Yes
Habit of Pushing Eyebrow Down(lightly), Will This Cause Eyebrow To Sag?
Doctor Answers 3
External manipulation of the eyebrow will not cause a permanent problem
It would be highly unusual for any external manipulation of the eyelid to cause a permanent problem.
Habit of Pushing Eyebrow Down(lightly), Will This Cause Eyebrow To Sag?
At your age, expected tissue elasticity and the limited time that you've been pushing your eyebrow down, I would not expect any changes to your eyebrow position. Stephen Weber MD, FACS
Learn more: http://weberfacialplasticsurgery.com/browlift/
Brow or eyelid sagging
Thank you for this question. Minimal pushing or stretching probably won't be an issue but chronic (years) of soft tissue elongation may indeed cause a sagging. This is most seen with contact lenses and the eyelid in this region. If concerned, see a board certified plastic surgeon who has experience with eyelid (blepharoplasty) and brow concerns. Good luck!
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These answers are for educational purposes and should not be relied upon as a substitute for medical advice you may receive from your physician. If you have a medical emergency, please call 911. These answers do not constitute or initiate a patient/doctor relationship.


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Christmas & New Year 2016
Festive Menu 2016
Private Party NightsShould you wish to create your very own company's private Christmas Party night, we would be delighted to help. Please contact our reception team with details.
StartersSpiced Butternut Squash SoupToasted Pumpkin Seeds, Apple, Raydale Honey Home Confit Goosenargh Duck Terrine Griottine Cherry, Pickled Mushroom, Watercress, Toast Smoked Salmon and Dill MousseCucumber, Creme Fraiche, Sorrel, Lime Goats Cheese MousseBeetroot, Orange and Hazelnut Mains Herb Roasted Free Range Turkey BreastCranberry and Sage Stuffing, Roast Potatoes, Brussel Sprouts, Pancetta, Swede, Carrot, Rich Gravy
Pan Roasted Lune Valley Beef RumpWild Mushrooms, Pearl Barley, Onion, Green Beans, Red Wine JusPan Fried Sea BreamHerb Crushed Potatoes, Mussel Ragout, Leeks and SpinachCeleriac and Truffle RisottoWild Mushrooms, Ribblesdale Cheese, Watercress and Apple Salad
Desserts Christmas Pudding Rum Sauce, Toasted ChestnutsSpiced Apple ParfaitCarrot Cake, Salted Caramel, Almonds
Dark Chocolate MarquisePoached Clementine, Clementine Sorbet CheeseboardA Selection of Cheeses from the Award Winning Courtyard DairyOatcakes, Celery & Grapes


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Following the instructions
|By Carlee Henderson
Art show at (SCENE) Metrospace challenges artists with limitations
Friday, Nov. 1 — When artist Britta Urness decided to co-curate "Instructions_13," a themed show opening Friday, Nov. 1 at (SCENE) Metrospace in downtown East Lansing, she welcomed a challenging theme: All 11 artists, including herself, had to follow a set of guidelines when creating their works. This included things such as asking the artists to consider the idea of white or light or to reduce the size of their piece by one quarter. Artists then interpreted these ideas physically or conceptually into the work.
"Instructions_13," the third in a series, shows different artists using a diverse range of media with instructions selected by Urness and fellow curator and artist, Travis Head.
Urness, 31, is the owner and curator of the Milkmaid Gallery in East Lansing. She's also an academic adviser for the Department of Art, Art History and Design at Michigan State University.
Have you curated a professional show before?
I love the beautiful, '60s bouffant. If I could, I'd have my hair like Dolly Parton or Dusty Springfield every day, but practicality stops me. Something sculptural and the idea of line and form in drawing have to do a lot with hair. The buildup of line, color, and color theory deals with hair, makeup, and nails. I try to find these conceptual heavy reasons to be all about beauty, but at the same time I think of the cultural aspects that are justifiable like women, gender, sociology (and) sexuality all wrapped up into aesthetics. I like playing with those things, but must have practical thoughts, like how can I be professional while showing my creative side.
"Instructions_13" exhibition


text: I'm not sure, I don't know LISP in detail, but as far as I know, LISP is a fully dynamic language. I actually meant a static language where you build your own strong types using the language itself. On the micro level, the language only knows abouts bits and bytes without semantics, just like assembler, no types at all. But the language allows you to build whatever "type" or "semantics" you want from scratch, by providing a keyword that forces certain part of the program to be evaluated at compile time. A bit like macros, but written in the same language. Although not exactly the same, the Digital Mars D language has a "static if (p) { q }" statement, where p must evaluate to a constant expression at compile time, otherwise the compiler gives an error/warning (I'm not sure, haven't tried it yet). You can do that in C++ (using templates) and Haskell (using types) but these are actually mini-sub-languages. Probably giving control to the programmer of how type-checking should be coded bypasses the advantages of strong typing, so this is most likely a dumb idea... Anyway, I should not mention these ideas, I'm just a programmer, not a computer scientist ;-) Peter Adrian Neumann wrote: > -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- > Hash: RIPEMD160 > > I heard only rumors, but isn't Lisp supposed to be just that? A > programmable programming language? > > Peter Verswyvelen schrieb: > >> This is all very cool stuff, but sometimes I wander if it isn't possible >> to drop the special languages for fiddling with types, and introduce >> just a single language which has no types, only raw data from which you >> can built your own "types" (as in the old days when we used macro >> assemblers ;-), but the language has two special keywords: static and >> dynamic, where code annotated with static runs in the "compiler domain", >> and code annotated with dynamic runs in "application domain". Of course, >> I don't know much about this, so this idea might be totally insane ;-) >> Probably this is impossible because of the halting problem or something... >> >> Pete >> >> Don Stewart wrote: >> >>>>> Better here means "better" -- a functional language on the type >>>>> system, >>>>> to type a functional language on the value level. >>>>> >>>>> -- Don >>>>> >>>>> >>>> For a taste, see Instant Insanity transliterated in this functional >>>> language: >>>> >>>> http://hpaste.org/2689 >>>> >>>> NB: it took me 5 minutes, and that was my first piece of coding ever >>>> with Type families >>>> >>>> >>> Wow. Great work! >>> The new age of type hackery has dawned. >>> >>> -- Don >>> _______________________________________________ >>> Haskell-Cafe mailing list >>> Haskell-Cafe at haskell.org >>> http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe >>> >>> >>> >>> >> _______________________________________________ >> Haskell-Cafe mailing list >> Haskell-Cafe at haskell.org >> http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe >> > > -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- > Version: GnuPG v1.4.7 (MingW32) > Comment: Using GnuPG with Mozilla - http://enigmail.mozdev.org > > iD8DBQFG6ikc11V8mqIQMRsRA+PzAKCN0bC6lv8p9WEwJkJrcczktIdKGACfUdkt > 0QBGlmgwfYrKS6lKEwQihkc= > =31jo > -----END PGP SIGNATURE----- > _______________________________________________ > Haskell-Cafe mailing list > Haskell-Cafe at haskell.org > http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe > > > -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://www.haskell.org/pipermail/haskell-cafe/attachments/20070914/9f3a0b87/attachment.htm


text: Photography Tweet On Marilyn Monroe's 90th Birthday, We Celebrate the Portraits that Defined Her It is rarely contested that Marilyn Monroe is one of the greatest and most memorable American icons of all time. On this day in 1926, the American beauty was born in Los Angeles, California. June 01, 2016


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Celebrities are lining up behind Orlando Bloom after his reported scuffle with Justin Bieber.
The "Lord of the Rings" actor and the "Baby" singer reportedly got into a fight in Ibiza, Spain, early Wednesday when both turned up at the same night spot.
Video surfaced of Bloom, 37, taking a swing at Bieber, 20 - then people stepping in to break it up.
Bieber left and, according to eyewitness reports, the crowd applauded.
The restaurant where the video was made, Cipriani, was packed with celebrities including Lindsay Lohan, Paris Hilton and Puff Daddy that night.
Read: Orlando Bloom Reportedly Tried to Punch Justin Bieber
Related: Justin Bieber Posts Photo of Orlando Bloom on Instagram Following Fight
And the stars are still applauding.
While Bieber's fans are rallying to his side on social media, where he posted a photo of Bloom, looking emotional, on his Instagram account Wednesday night, Bloom is getting love from his celeb friends.
On Wednesday's episode of "The Colbert Report," Stephen Colbert was asking James Franco about his relationships when the Bieber-Bloom scuffle came up.
"Speaking of relationships where do you come down on this whole Bieber Orlando Bloom situation?" Colbert asked.
"I'm team Bloom, I gotta say," Franco said without hesitating.
See who else is Team Bloom:
Alyssa Milano made it clear where she stands on Twitter.
- Alyssa Milano (@Alyssa_Milano) July 30, 2014
Dominic Monaghan also came out in favor of his "Lord of the Rings" co-star.
. @TheLadBible: Orlando has won infinite lad points after punching Justin Bieber last night in Ibiza For the shire! http://t.co/yotFnVReEj"
- Dominic Monaghan (@DomsWildThings) July 30, 2014
Actor Stephen Amell, from the CW series "Arrow," took sides with Bloom over his fellow Canadian.
Orlando Bloom didn't try to punch Bieber. It looks like he tried to flick him in the head. That's way, WAY better.
- Stephen Amell (@amellywood) July 30, 2014
"Vampire Diaries" actress Candice Accola backed Bloom.
I'm glad Orlando Bloom smashed that weiner Justin Bieber. #smashedweiner
- Candice Accola (@CandiceAccola) July 30, 2014


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IBM retirees are the latest Americans who won't be able to keep their health insurance if they like it under Obamacare. The company is dumping them from its medical plan and into the Obamacare exchanges to save money.
International Business Machines Corp. IBM -0.61% plans to move about 110,000 retirees off its company-sponsored health plan and instead give them a payment to buy coverage on a health-insurance exchange, in a sign that even big, well-capitalized employers aren't likely to keep providing the once-common benefits as medical costs continue to rise.
The move, which will affect all IBM retirees once they become eligible for Medicare, will relieve the technology company of the responsibility of managing retirement health-care benefits. IBM said the growing cost of care makes its current plan unsustainable without big premium increases.
IBM's shift is an indication that health-insurance marketplaces, similar to the public exchanges proposed under President Barack Obama's health-care overhaul, will play a bigger role as companies move coverage down the path taken by many pensions, paying employees and retirees a fixed sum to manage their own care. (Read More)
Today it's retirees, tomorrow it will be current employees like we're already seeing at so many other companies.


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Wednesday, Dec. 5, 2001 | 10:07 a.m.
Each semester Elaine Bunker tries to pack her 15-week university class full of lessons her students didn't learn in high school.
A typical student in Bunker's remedial English class at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas is unable to write a cohesive sentence, often writes in sentence fragments and isn't familiar with even the most common English terms.
"What I'm teaching is high school level English, and it would be nice if we could get it back into some of the high schools," Bunker said.
Bunker is essentially teaching what some derisively refer to as the "13th grade."
Each semester UNLV offers 66 remedial courses in English and math to students who aren't ready for college courses. About 35 percent of all entering freshman attend these classes, many of them minority students, according to UNLV's Office of Institutional Analysis.
State university officials say they don't want to be in the remediation business, and under a controversial proposal, they want to raise the minimum grade-point level for incoming freshmen from 2.5 to 2.75. Students transferring from the Community College of Southern Nevada would see the GPA requirement go from 2.0 to 2.5.
The university system regents will hear the plan Thursday, and the proposal has come under increasing pressure from critics who say it would increase the number of dropouts and deny minorities a chance at a college education.
"I don't know of any other state that just uses one criteria for admissions," said Joni Finney, vice president of the National Center for Public Policy in Higher Education, a nonprofit group based in San Jose, Calif. "To me, it sounds like UNLV and Nevada just want the cream and what they really should be doing is accommodating as many good students as they can."
But the universities say the plan to raise the educational bar is designed to heighten the educational experience by freeing more professors to teach college-level courses, and in the process, the universities' statures would improve.
"The taxpayers are not just paying for students to come into the university and leave it, they are paying for success," said UNLV President Carol Harter.
There's no doubt there would be immediate changes.
If the new standards were applied today, this year's entering freshman class at UNLV would be 22 percent smaller, there would be 27 percent fewer transfer students, and approximately 23 percent of all admitted minorities would not be admitted.
In other states, raising the bar has worked over the long run. Oklahoma, Georgia and California have all increased their standards within the last decade and in each case, enrollment increased.
Oklahoma, which has 14 four-year institutions, raised the bar on incoming test scores in 1990 and required students to carry a 3.0 GPA. The state saw minority enrollment increase by 8 percent while overall enrollment steadily increased, according to an April 2000 impact report released by the Oklahoma State System of Higher Education. Similar results happened in Georgia, which brought in sweeping reforms in 1995, requiring incoming students to have a 3.0 GPA and a score of at least 1,000 out of 1,600 on the SAT. The state also offered a HOPE scholarship to students with a "B" average in high school to increase access to higher education.
Georgia also required high school students to take more math and started an outreach program for minority students. The state saw its minority enrollment jump as well.
"You put together the whole mix of having better prepared students, better institutions and the HOPE scholarship, and you wind up getting a better educated state," said Dan Papp, senior vice chancellor for academics and fiscal affairs at the University System of Georgia. "Our experience has been that when you heighten the bar, people jump higher."
Georgia has seen college entrance exam scores increase, and the state has seen its rank among national colleges climb.
Papp said that prestige has followed. Georgia is one of two states that has more than one institution ranked among the top 20 public research institutions in the country, according to the U.S. News & World report rankings.
While Harter said that going up in the rankings is not driving the decision to raise admissions requirements, it is likely to be a positive side effect of becoming more selective.
One educational expert calls the rankings the "arms race of the educational world" and cautions those in higher education to look at the whole picture, like high school curriculums as well as considering the use of tests, grades and other means to determine admission to a university.
Critics point to California, which has had a backlash after increasing university admissions standards several times.
In 1992, standards were tightened in California to increase both GPA requirements and test scores . The change eliminated an additional 12 percent from the normal pool of applicants. At the same time, tuition was increased by 40 percent.
Two years later college attendance in the state dropped by 40 percent, affecting the minority community hard, according to news reports. To add to it, the state's practice of admitting on the basis of racial preferences ended.
The university system is now putting counter measures in place to give more students, especially minorities, more access.
Minority groups say that's important because traditionally, blacks and Hispanics have lower grade point averages that are linked to their tendency to hold jobs through high school. An estimate 53 percent of blacks are expected to contribute financially to their families as compared to 23 percent of whites, according to a U.S. Department of Education study released in 2000.
Higher tuitions nationally, coupled with lower federal Pell grants for needy students are an obstacle for minorities who want to go to college, the report said.
"We know that whenever you increase admission standards for minority and low-income students, it's going to have a disproportionate effect on minorities," said Joyce Payne, director of the office of advancement of public black colleges for the National Association of State Universities and Land Grant Colleges.
CCSN student Kaybee McClarine, who is black, is one of those students. By age 15, he was holding a job to help his family make ends meet. McClarine said it was the same way with most of his friends.
"That's just the way it had to be," McClarine said. "My mother was not in the same position (financially) as she is now."
A way to even the playing field, Payne said, is to broaden admissions policies.
Harter, UNLV's president, claims there are already several routes to get into a university. The first is to enter straight from high school. Students can also submit high test scores for consideration along with their GPA, but tests, so far are not part of the entrance requirements.
The others transfer from the community college or apply under the special admissions policy.
Special admissions constitute 6 percent of the overall applicant pool, but university officials may expand that to 10 percent. Those who do not meet the minimum admissions requirement can demonstrate a special talent; have a high ACT or SAT score or a set of special circumstances. Most who apply under this policy get in, Harter said.
But Nevada is set apart from most states because of the lack of required standardized tests. Officials say, they aren't likely to expand its admissions policy to require college entrance exams. Studies have shown that historically black students score 200 points lower on the SAT than white students.
"Those tests have raised some issues that there is a greater risk with people who have English as a second language," said Jane Nichols, Nevada's higher education chancellor.
The newest test, the SAT II, is getting good reviews, and minorities seem to do better on it. Nichols said that test isn't likely to be used either.
So far, six members of Nevada's 11-member board of regents have expressed a concern with the increase in GPA. The vote is scheduled for Thursday. If approved, this would make the second time the university system has increased its GPA admissions requirement, according to Mike Sauer, UNLV's associate vice president for administration.


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A few minutes might not seem like a long time, but there are circumstances when it can mean the difference between life and death. During the "dog days" of summer, children are at serious risk for heat stroke if left alone, even for a few minutes, in a closed vehicle. Last year at least 42 children across the United States died from heatstroke brought on by entrapment in a vehicle.
Heat is much more dangerous to children than it is to adults. When left in a hot vehicle, a young child's core body temperature may increase three to five times faster than that of an adult. This could cause permanent injury or even death. Heat stroke occurs when the core body temperature reaches 104 degrees Fahrenheit. A core body temperature of 107 degrees Fahrenheit is considered lethal.
The inside of a vehicle can rise 19 degrees above the outside temperature in just 10 minutes. After an hour, the temperature inside and outside of a vehicle can differ by 45 degrees or more, even if the window is left open a crack.
Safe Kids USA and General Motors created the Never Leave Your Child Alone program to educate families on the dangers kids face in hot vehicles.
According to research conducted by San Francisco State University, even with relatively cool temperatures outside -- 70 degrees -- the inside of a car can reach a dangerous temperature in just minutes.
The research also revealed that more than half of these children were accidentally left behind in a closed, parked car by parents or caregivers while nearly a third of these children were trapped while playing in a vehicle unattended. Sadly, one in five children who died were intentionally left in the vehicle by an adult.
Safe Kids suggests these tips for parents and caregivers:
-- Teach children not to play in, on or around vehicles.
-- Never leave a child unattended in a vehicle, even with the window slightly open.
-- Always lock a vehicle's doors and trunk, especially at home. Keep keys and remote entry devices out of children's reach.
-- Place something that you'll need at your next stop -- such as a purse, a lunch, gym bag or briefcase -- on the floor of the backseat where the child is sitting. This simple act could help prevent you from accidentally forgetting a child.
For more information on keeping you and your family safe at home, play and on the way, call the injury prevention line at (717) 531-7233.
Safe Kids Dauphin County, led by Penn State Hershey Children's Hospital, is part of the National Safe Kids Campaign, the first and only national nonprofit organization dedicated solely to the prevention of unintentional childhood injury, the number one killer of children ages 14 and under. More than 300 state and local Safe Kids Coalitions in all 50 states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico make up the campaign.
Provided by Pennsylvania State University (news : web)


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New York City -- The global PC-based point-of-sale market grew a solid 6.9% in 2010, according to new research from IHL Group, a global research and advisory firm.
Shipments grew in all four major worldwide regions (North America, Europe/Middle East Africa, Latin/South America, and Asia/Pacific). Strong double-digit growth in the Asia/Pacific region was driven by new shipments in China, India, Korea, and Indonesia, according to the research.
"It was a strong year overall, but several threats appear on the horizon for this market," said Greg Buzek, president of IHL Group. "New mobile devices, inspired by the Apple iPad price point of $500, are a significant threat to the traditional POS market, particularly for specialty stores and hospitality establishments. Our recent research studies found that upwards of 50% of specialty retailers are looking to deploy handheld POS devices to replace many of their standard POS systems."
"In addition, increasing oil prices due to unrest in the Middle East will sap consumer's wallets, which will challenge retail sales in other segments beyond fuel," added Buzek. "Every penny of sustained increase in fuel prices takes $1.6 billion annually out of the pockets of consumers in the U.S. alone. If we go to a sustained $4.00 a gallon price point for a year, that is over $100 billion lost from the retail economy within the next year. That's the equivalent of Macy's, Staples, McDonald's, Publix, and Pizza Hut being removed from the U.S. economy. Worldwide, the impact could be far greater, all putting a drag on retail and ultimately POS spending."
Other key findings of the research include the following:
- The shipshare of POS units with embedded operating systems from Microsoft increased to 34.1% worldwide.
- Overall, 87.4% of POS terminals shipped were on DOS or Microsoft Windows platforms.
- The shipshare of Linux terminals dropped from 10.1% in 2009 to 8.4% in 2010 worldwide but remains a popular choice in China, Russia, and several other countries around the world.


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- November 15, 2011, 2:34 PM
Comlux Aviation placed the first-ever order for an Airbus ACJ321 at the Dubai Air Show yesterday, expanding the Airbus Corporate Jet offerings. The ACJ321 will have the widest and tallest cabin of any business jet based on a single-aisle airliner and more floor space and baggage capacity than the ACJ318, ACJ319 and ACJ320, Airbus says. Comlux America will outfit the ACJ321, which will enter service in 2014.


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Old Glory
When last we saw a production by Chicago expat scribe, Brett Neveau, it was American Dead at Rogue Machine/Theatre Theater a tenderly written study of a murder investigation in a small Midwest town. Lo and behold, Neveau's latest is a murder investigation, similarly filled with subterranean currents of subtext beneath vividly colloquial dialogues whose main purpose is often to avoid the harsher truths that these very good actors' body language and facial tics can expose, as though with a spotlight. (Scenes between the soldiers are often lighted by each holding a flashlight.) The murder in Old Glory occurs in Fallujah where never mind the War two American GIs (Jarrett Sleeper and James Messenger) who share a barracks drive each other to paroxysms of mutual loathing. (So no, Gertrude, this is not really a play about the War but about the homefront.) After one of the soldiers ends up splayed in his barracks with a hole in his chest, his father (Pete Gardner) takes a sojourn to a Berlin bar, seeking out the CO (Tom Ormeny), who might know what really happened. Meanwhile, back in New Mexico, the victim's best friend (Chris Allen) struggles to tell what he knows to the victim's mother (Kathy Baily). And so, Brett Snodgrass' set trifurcates the stage into the three realistic settings New Mexico, Fallujah and Berlin so that the action's mosaic unfolds within these compartments. The ensuing stasis is almost belligerently anti-theatrical, compounded by Allen's lugubrious interpretation of the best friend in his scenes with the grief-stricken mother. (Bailey is particularly adept at burying her despondency beneath strata of terse propriety.) Director Carri Sullens elicits performances that flow with crosscurrents of hardship and fury, yet with a delicacy that's almost amiable. Ormeny and Gardner excel with these gifts. And the latent violence simmering between the soldiers one a devotee of graphic novels, the other of real novels speaks head-on to why the United States can't seem to generate a reasonable discourse with herself about anything that actually matters. The isolation of the three scenic compartments underscores that point but at a cost, rendering this production more cinematic than theatrical, despite some emotional volatility, as though the action aches for close-ups and camera angles deprived us in this room. Yet, like American Dead, it's another penetratingly written rumination, a lament even, for something indescribable that's been lost in this country and to this country. Victory Theatre Center, 3326 West Victory Blvd., Burbank; Fri.-Sat., 8 p.m.; Sun., 4 p.m.; through April 25. (818) 851-5421.
Fridays, Saturdays, 8 p.m.; Sundays, 4 p.m. Starts: March 5. Continues through April 25, 2010
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Perfumology of Mixology
Mandarin Oriental, San Francisco
Saturday, June 29, 2013 from 2:30 PM to 5:00 PM (PDT)
ofLeisure proudly presents
Perfumology of Mixology
Continue the National Gin Day celebration with ofLeisure's Carol Maa & Joel Teitelbaum of Artisanal Group from the breath-taking 40th floor of the Sky Deck at the Mandarin Oriental, San Francisco.
Engage all your senses as you learn about the full aromatic range of premium local and international gins. Paired with some of the most exclusive scents on the market (and some no longer available), explore the sophistication and artistry behind this storied spirit. Beyond just taste, learn how four of San Francisco's most talented bartenders (including Joel himself!) interpret the texture of taste through each fragrance inspiration.
When: Saturday June 29th 2:30-5pm (3pm "Intro to Perfumology" by Carol Maa)
Tickets: $55 ($45 group/advanced sales)
Includes guided intro to perfumery at 3pm, light nibbles and 4 pairings of the world's most precious scents selected by ofLeisure with artfully created cocktails.
Dress: Bowties and Fascinators (in honor of Gin's storied English past!)
Luxury consort. Raconteur of luxury brands. Soothsayer of rarefied experiences. ofLeisure is a private group of the world's most experienced tastemakers, curators of the precious and connaisseurs guided in the pursuit of indulgent experiences unparalleled for our clients and all those who seek to live a life ofLeisure.
Artisanal Group, a new sales division within the Southern Wine and Spirits portfolio, was specially created to meet an emerging demand in the marketplace for authentic craft and small batch spirits.
The Forbes Double Five-Star awarded 158-room Mandarin Oriental, San Francisco is located in the heart of the city and offers unparalleled panoramic views of the bay and beyond from the top 11 floors of San Francisco's third tallest building, 345 California Center. Having recently completed an extensive refurbishment with the addition of Brasserie S&P restaurant and bar, and an 8,000 square foot Forbes Five-Star Spa and Fitness Center, the hotel is consistently ranked among the world's top hotels by leading authorities.
In order to purchase these tickets in installments, you'll need an Eventbrite account. Log in or sign up for a free account to continue.


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A DEVOTED mother could soon have a Pride of South Tyneside Award to match the one her brave daughter picked up two years ago.
Mandy Garrod, 30, of Amble Avenue, Horsley Hill, South Shields, has been nominated for Carer of the Year for the support she gives three-year-old Gracie-Mae.
The youngster suffers from the rare genetic condition Saethre-Chitzen syndrome, which prevents the skull from growing normally and can lead to delayed development and learning difficulties.
She was also born with two holes in her heart, which required surgery, and has been diagnosed with epilepsy.
She is tube-fed and has also lost an eye to glaucoma, a disease that damages the optic nerve.
Gracie-Mae won Child of Courage in the 2011 Pride of South Tyneside Awards, and now her mum has been put forward for a gong by her mother, Janette, 52, who lives near her daughter in Druridge Crescent.
She said: "Gracie-Mae was born with half a chromosome missing, which means she has loads of problems and needs constant care.
"She is tube-fed because she can't eat, although she has started eating little bits. She is epileptic and has to go to Birmingham Children's Hospital for a metal plate in her head.
"Mandy has spent the whole of the past three years with her and has never been out on her own because she doesn't like to leave her.
"She has been a proper brick and has had to take everything as each day comes."
Mandy is also mum to Callum, 13, who has also been "fantastic" in coming to terms with his sister's disability and helping to look after her.
The Pride of South Tyneside Awards, organised by the Gazette, South Tyneside Council and the Customs House, recognise the borough's unsung heroes.
Ten awards will be handed out in a glittering ceremony at the Temple Park Centre in South Shields on Sunday.
Twitter: @shieldsgazedu


text: I have been brewing for a long time now and used many books, recipes and kits. Recently my sister bought me a book and it turned out to be amazing ! This by far is the best book I have used so without further adoo The Brew Masters Bible the gold standard for homebrewers by Stephen Snyder. For you beginners this or How To Brew by John Palmer are excellent books to start out with. Pete