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Tuesday, July 31, 2012
Burrata and Tomato Bruschetta
16 comments:
- Pat @ Mille Fiori Favoriti said...
I love burrata! I'm sure it makes a wonderful bruschette paired with fresh garden tomatoes or as the stuffing of a zucchini blossom. My mouth is watering looking at your photos!
- July 31, 2012 at 1:11 AM
- Rosa's Yummy Yums said...
Scrumptious! I'm a big fan of burrata.
- July 31, 2012 at 2:24 AM
- Stacey Snacks said...
That has my name written all over it! I eat some version of this everyday!
- July 31, 2012 at 9:45 AM
- Proud Italian Cook said...
I'm sorry but my name is all over this too Stace! ALL OVER!!!
- July 31, 2012 at 9:53 AM
- Proud Italian Cook said...
Oh, I got so excited I forgot to tell you how much I love that beautiful board!
- July 31, 2012 at 9:54 AM
- bellini said...
A big yes to everything on this platter linda!!! Still dreaming of Italy, stuffed zucchini blossoms and burrata. Can't wait to try it fresh from the farm in Italy.
- July 31, 2012 at 10:30 AM
- Peter M said...
Simple but exquisite...finally got to eat some quality burrata recently.
- July 31, 2012 at 11:01 AM
- Hazel - Chicken in a Cherry Sauce said...
- This comment has been removed by the author.
- July 31, 2012 at 2:46 PM
- Hazel - Chicken in a Cherry Sauce said...
I've tried cooking with zucchini flowers before - they are so beautiful and interesting!
- July 31, 2012 at 2:46 PM
- Bites from life with the barking lot said...
I'm in the dark about that cheese and I doubt I'll find it in MT! But I have home made soft cheese and zucchini blossoms and just made bread. I'm in business. Looks fabulous.
- July 31, 2012 at 8:48 PM
- AdriBarr said...
What a lovely post, and how perfect for this time of year when no one in their right mind is turning on their ovens. Grab the ingredients and eat di fuori, I say!
- August 1, 2012 at 2:41 PM
- Lori Lynn said...
Grilled stuffed zucchini blossom is a fabulous idea!
- August 2, 2012 at 8:24 AM
- SavoringTime in the Kitchen said...
Burrata is delicious! I haven't tried it melted yet and with my tomatoes coming in strong this looks like the perfect place to start.
- August 3, 2012 at 8:51 AM
- Claudia said...
I would try this if I could keep the burrata long enough to melt it. This is just a gorgeous summer medley of delicious.
- August 3, 2012 at 3:02 PM
- Frank said...
Yep, this is right up my alley. Simple, quick and tasty. Can't beat it this time of year.
- August 5, 2012 at 7:10 PM
- Dewi said...
Perfect use of summer bounty. Thank you for sharing Linda. You are such a good and talented cook.
- August 5, 2012 at 10:31 PM

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Originally published: July 19, 2014
Last updated: July 19, 2014 - 1:02pm
Rainbow PUSH, the Minority Media & Telecommunications Council and three dozen other minority advocacy organizations filed joint comments at the Federal Communications Commission arguing that reclassifying Internet access under Title II common carrier regulations would "harm communities of color."
The groups brand Title II an out-of-date regulatory structure that would increase consumer prices, slow broadband adoption, potentially choke innovation and diminish investment, lead to years of regulatory ambiguity and litigation. "Overly burdensome regulations treating broadband as a public utility would institutionalize second class digital citizenship, needlessly delaying the digital inclusion goals sought by communities of color," they said. "This result would harm both consumers of color and minority entrepreneurs, for whom the Internet has been their easiest path to entry to bring new content to their communities and the nation."
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- Rev. Jesse Jackson Pays Tribute to Parker Legacy, Calls Others to Pursue Media Justice
- Set-Top Diversity Debate Rages On
- Members of Congress Back Diversity Task Force
- Rainbow/PUSH Symposium Recap
- Some Diversity Groups Diverge Over Net Neutrality
- McDowell: The Color Green
- Obama's Network Neutrality Bid Divides Civil Rights Groups
- Civil Rights Groups Speak Up for Network Neutrality
- CPB Grant to National Federation of Community Broadcasters
- Martin Stands Firm on Date of Media Vote at Senate Hearing
- FCC Media Ownership Changes
- MMTC: Net Neutrality Order Is Arbitrary, Capricious
- CDD: Industry Self-Regulation Has Failed For Online Privacy
- FCC Backs More Conditions For Sirius-XM
- Multicultural Media, Telecom and Internet Council President: Build Dialogue Around Digital Issues


text: > Should the XML topic guide be moved to a set of pages on > pyxml.sourceforge.net? I'm really the only person left who can > update the topic guide, and having the Web pages accessible through > CVS would mean more people could keep them up to date. If you'd be willing to perform the updates, I'd be fine if they stay on python.org. It is certainly the case that they are more accessible on SF. I'm not sure what the future of python.org is - if there is a chance that it gets as open as SF, it would probably be better if such stuff stays on python.org. I'm a bit worried how long python.org stays in its current state, though. > This would require 2 steps: 1) check the pages into CVS, along with > the required scripts, and 2) set up a redirect from > www.python.org/topics/xml/ to pyxml.sourceforge.net. I'm not really sure how to set up CVS-controlled pages on SF, but I guess others have done that, so I could find out. I certainly agree that having such a procedure is a prerequisite for moving any contents. The redirect could happen once the content has moved. Regards, Martin


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text:
Paradoxes of China s Economic Boom (Annual Review of Sociology Book 35)
China s stunning economic performance for the past three decades was not only unexpected but contradicts much received wisdom in the study of development. Four paradoxes posed by China s record are critically examined: (a) China s traditional culture and institutions as obstacles to development; (b) the necessity of big bang comprehensive reforms to transform a centrally planned economy into a market economy; (c) the perils of state-directed economic development (especially when the state is composed of lifelong communist bureaucrats); and (d) the necessity of getting the institutions right in order to foster development, particularly by establishing secure private property rights. Reasons why China was able to defy expectations and the received wisdom and develop so successfully are discussed. The Chinese case indicates that countries cannot succeed at development by a standard cookbook approach but must tailor their development policies and institutions to their distinctive history, potentials, and limitations.
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Whenever I'm in New York City and load up a MetroCard at the train station kiosk, I give the card readers extra scrutiny and think to myself, "such a high-volume spot would be a great place to install a skimmer." My paranoia was justified: earlier this week, the Metropolitan Transit Authority warned the public that they've found card skimmers on a few of those very kiosks. [More]
Card Skimmer Discovered On Payment Kiosk In NYC Subway
By April 11, 2014
Are Unlimited Ride MetroCards A Good Deal? Not For A Lot Of People Who Use Them
By July 16, 2008
The New York Times had an article today about the 10 year anniversary of the unlimited MetroCard and how it has transformed way people use the subway. They even included a graph that showed how many times people are using their cards in a month. What they didn't mention is that a lot of people are buying the card and not hitting the "break even" point of 46 rides per month. Hmm.
NYC RFID Subway Turnstiles Spread
By November 14, 2006


text:
This hard covered cookbook with dust jacket has 300 authentic recipes – the treasures of Chinese cuisine – plus menus, information on utensils, shopping hints and cooking methods. Written by Calvin and Audrey Lee. Book is in very good condition with previous owner's name on first page. The book is divided into sections: East China- Kiangsu, Anhwei, Chekiang, Fukien, and Kiangsi, North China – Kansu, Shensi, Shansi, Honan, Hopeh, Shantung, Honan, Hopeh, Shantung, West China – Szechwan, Yunnan, Kweichow, Hunan, Hupeh, South China – Kwangung and Kwangsi. Plus the stove, pots and pans, knives, methods of cutting, slicing shredding, dicing, chopping, grinding, and mincing, stir frying, rice crusts and much much more.
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Wisconsin > Statewide > Real Estate
Assignment Of Mortgage 30 - Wisconsin
|Assignment Of Mortgage Form. This is a Wisconsin form and can be used in Real Estate Statewide .
|Get this form for FREE as a print-only pdf
State Bar of Wisconsin Form 30-2003 ASSIGNMENT OF MORTGAGE Document Number Document Name The undersigned ("Assignor," whether one or more), for a valuable consideration, assigns to the Mortgage dated , executed by to on real estate in County, Wisconsin ("Property"), together with the note or other obligation it secures, which Mortgage was recorded in the Office of the Register of Deeds of said County, in (Reel) (Vol.) of Records, at (Images) (Pages) , as Document No. . The Property which is subject to this Assignment is described as: Recording Area Name and Return Address CHOOSE EITHER OR BOTH OF THE FOLLOWING OPTIONS, AS APPLICABLE; ONLY THOSE OPTIONS CHOSEN SHALL APPLY: A. B. This Parcel Identification Number (PIN) homestead property. This Assignment is made without recourse. (is) (is not) Assignor warrants that there is now owing an unpaid balance on the note or other obligation secured by the mortgage, as principal, a sum of not less than $ , and also interest , and that Assignor is the owner of the note secured by the Mortgage and has good right to assign it. Dated ASSIGNOR: . (SEAL) * (SEAL) * AUTHENTICATION Signature(s) STATE OF WISCONSIN authenticated on * TITLE: MEMBER STATE BAR OF WISCONSIN (If not, authorized by Wis. Stat. § 706.06) THIS INSTRUMENT DRAFTED BY: * Notary Public, State of Wisconsin My Commission (is permanent) (expires: . Personally came before me on the above-named ) ) ss. COUNTY ) * ACKNOWLEDGMENT * (SEAL) (SEAL) , to me known to be the person(s) who executed the foregoing instrument and acknowledged the same. ) (Signatures may be authenticated or acknowledged. Both are not necessary.) NOTE: THIS IS A STANDARD FORM. ANY MODIFICATIONS TO THIS FORM SHOULD BE CLEARLY IDENTIFIED. ASSIGNMENT OF MORTGAGE © 2003 STATE BAR OF WISCONSIN FORM NO. 30-2003 * Type name below signatures. American LegalNet, Inc. www.USCourtForms.com


text:
Glenfarclas 1983
70cl / 56%
The Family Casks
- Speyside Single Malt Scotch Whisky
- Distillery Bottling
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Glenfarclas 1983 Reviews
Tasting Notes
Tasting Notes by George S. Grant (Glenfarclas Brand Ambassador)
The colour of pale gold.
A very strong nose initially, emitting strong alcohol. This bottling is 56%Vol, so take care - this whisky demands respect from the first sniff.
After the initial shock of the strength of this dram, you can definitely pick up some hints of marzipan and coconut. In fact, it's a very fresh whisky overall, with candy floss and apples present on your tongue.
The aftertaste is short. Think pear drops.


text:
Bajan recipes rock cake
Recipes / Bajan recipes rock cake (1000+)
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Biscuit Rock Cake
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Rock Cakes
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cakes which I am trying to replicate for my kids. I'm starting with rock cakes recipe
Rock Cakes
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say . . . Rock Cakes are my only weakness . . . Truly. (recipe adapted from The Baking
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treat. Only one thing you need to know. Rock Cakes always taste best on the day they are
Cranberry, Ginger and White Chocolate Rock Cakes
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as they are. This recipe here today is White Chocolate Rock Cakes* Makes 15 A rock cake is
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Rock Cakes and regular rock cakesfat rascal recipe here. These are exceedingly good cakes
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I have eaten these Rock Cakes, made them into stick to the basic recipe In the past we
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chiffon cakes aspiring bakers and lovers! Share your chiffon cake variations recipes here
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Melinda Winner's Six Layer Key Lime cake
Winner's Six Layer Key Lime cake, Six-Layer Key Lime Cake with Cream Cheese Icing and
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July 4th Recipes - All American Food!
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Cooks.com - Recipes - Pepper Pie
This cookbook includes all the recipes from the BBC TV series "Two ... along with cracked black pepper and rock salt Melt ... until golden to your satisfaction. ...
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text:
Shari Armer and Chad LaPlante were married June 15 at Yaddo Gardens in Saratoga Springs. Jim Manuel officiated.
The bride is the daughter of Dorothy and Gary Armer of Schuylerville and Donna Brumley of Troy.
The groom is the son of Lisa LaPlante of Cohoes and the late Eugene LaPlante.
After a reception in Schuylerville, the couple honeymooned in Lake Desolation. They live in Troy.


text:
Learn to Cope with Your Emotions
Overwhelming emotions can trigger bingeing, which is why learning to cope with your emotions is key to getting better. Remember that your emotions provide you with valuable information about yourself and your needs. Helpful coping strategies include: deep breathing, meditating, journaling about your emotions and talking to someone you trust.
Check out these resources:
- Darlene Mininni's The Emotional Toolkit
- Beth Jacobs's Writing for Emotional Balance
- Susan Albers's 50 Ways to Soothe Yourself Without Food


text:
Mitsubishi Electric unveils its first 4K TV - REAL LS1
Mitsubishi Electric today debuted their first 4K TV - REAL LS1. Its 65-inch (LCD-65LS1) and 58-inch (LCD-58LS1) models will be released for sale on October 30.
Mitsubishi Electric uses a red laser and cyan LED for a 4K LCD panel for the first time in the industry. Their high-grade red, blue and green colors can maximize the performance of 4K images.
Stand-alone aluminum cylindrical speaker boxes are located on each side, separated from the screen. Both right and left speakers at the top of the speaker sections are set obliquely upward to produce stereoscopic sounds.
- Price: 700,000 yen (LCD-65LS1)/ 500,000 yen (LCD-58LS1)
- Size: 169.7x86.2x40.2cm, 48.4kg (LCD-65LS1)/ 153.9x78.1x40.2cm, 42.1kg (LCD-58LS1)
- Interface: 4 x HDMI input, 2 x Video input, 1 x Audio output, 1 x Optical digital audio output, 1 x Headphone terminal, 1 x USB, 1 x SD card slot, 2 Wired LAN


text:
- Telephone:
- 01322 226766 | 07813 988983
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I used to umpire high school baseball here in Texas and, as the home plate umpire, we were supposed to ask each coach prior to the game if each player was properly equipped. Mostly, that meant "Is everyone -- especially the catcher -- wearing a cup?" I was never told no but neither did we ever check anyone.
According to b-r, Rice had 162 homers to left field in his career. He had 32 to right and 4 to right-center so clearly, the man was an opposite field hitter. There\'s no doubt that the Green Monster played no role whatsoever in his clearly Hall-of-Fame career.


text:
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text:
There is probably a simple answer to this, but I'm not having much luck doing a left join with the following code.
What I am trying to achieve with the leftjoin is to only select projects who have a projectimage that's Home value is 1 (true).
Can anyone point me in the right direction?


text:
Enterprise software maker SAP on Monday made its SAP StreamWork software available in the Google Apps Marketplace, Google's online store for Web apps that integrate with Google Apps.
The Google Apps Marketplace is separate from the Chrome Web Store, an online store for Web apps that integrate with the Google Chrome browser and with Chrome OS. Google is expected to introduce a Google-branded Chrome OS netbook on Tuesday and may well open the Chrome Web Store too.
SAP is offering StreamWork, a collaborative decision-making app that utilizes the Google Wave Federation Protocol, in the Google Apps Marketplace because it sees potential customers among the more than 3 million businesses that use Google Apps.
"SAP StreamWork brings together people and information -- from the Web, your desktop, or business systems -- and applies structure to discussions with business tools including pro/con tables, SWOT analyses, and polls to drive fast, meaningful results," said David Meyer, SVP for on-demand, productivity and sustainability solutions at SAP, in a blog post.
Like other Google Apps Marketplace software, StreamWork supports OpenID so it can be accessed from the Google universal navigation bar. The integration goes both ways, allowing StreamWorks users access to Google's calendaring, e-mail, and document-oriented tools while they work. Or rather, it will soon. SAP says that direct integration is coming in early 2011.
The basic edition of StreamWork is free; the professional version starts at $9 per user per month. SAP will have to sell quite a few user licenses to recoup the cost of its recent legal bills.
SAP last month lost a major copyright infringement lawsuit brought by Oracle over the actions of SAP's now defunct software support provider TomorrowNow, which the company acquired in 2005. The jury in the case ruled that SAP owes Oracle $1.3 billion in damages. The judgement, which may be appealed, is believed to be the largest copyright infringement award to date.


text:
At 10:02 AM 9/27/01 -0400, mlw wrote: >"D. Hageman" wrote: >> I agree with everything you wrote above except for the first line. My >> only comment is that process boundaries are only *truely* a powerful >> barrier if the processes are different pieces of code and are not >> dependent on each other in crippling ways. Forking the same code with the >> bug in it - and only 1 in 5 die - is still 4 copies of buggy code running >> on your system ;-) > >This is simply not true. All software has bugs, it is an undeniable fact. Some >bugs are more likely to be hit than others. 5 processes , when one process hits a >bug, that does not mean the other 4 will hit the same bug. Obscure bugs kill >software all the time, the trick is to minimize the impact. Software is not >perfect, assuming it can be is a mistake. A bit off topic, but that really reminded me of how Microsoft does their forking in hardware. Basically they "fork" (cluster) FIVE windows machines to run the same buggy code all on the same IP. That way if one process (machine) goes down, the other 4 stay running, thus minimizing the impact ;). They have many of these clusters put together. See: http://www.microsoft.com/backstage/column_T2_1.htm >From Microsoft.com Backstage [1] OK so it's old (1998), but from their recent articles I believe they're still using the same method of achieving "100% availability". And they brag about it like it's a good thing... When I first read it I didn't know whether to laugh or get disgusted or whatever. Cheerio, Link. [1] http://www.microsoft.com/backstage/ http://www.microsoft.com/backstage/archives.htm
Next: From: Bradley McLean Date: 2001-09-28 16:05:20 Subject: Plpython bug with int8? Previous: From: Oleg Bartunov Date: 2001-09-28 11:10:05 Subject: path for contrib/intarray (current CVS)


text:
Video and audio recordings of a drunken driving arrest figure to play a key role in the trial of a former Beaumont police officer accused of blinding a woman with pepper spray.
Enoch Clark is charged with assault under the color of authority, assault with a less lethal weapon, use of force causing serious bodily injury and assault with force likely to cause great bodily injury. The prosecution is seeking an enhancement alleging Clark personally inflicted great bodily injury.
The officer fired a handgun-like device that uses gunpowder to propel pepper spray at a muzzle velocity of 400 mph. Printing on the weapon's cartridge suggests that it be fired no closer than 1.5 meters, or 5 feet, from the intended target. Clark is accused of firing it only about 10 inches from Monique Hernandez's face.
In opening arguments Thursday, May 1, attorneys for both the prosecution and defense played portions of the recording from a dashboard camera mounted on a patrol car during the arrest of Hernandez on Feb. 21, 2012.
The grainy, nighttime recording shows Clark attempting to handcuff the woman while another officer stood by and an unseen crowd of angry family members gathered nearby. The other officer repeatedly ordered family members, who at one point thought she had been shot by a stun gun, to stay back.
Deputy Riverside County District Attorney Michael Carney played a portion of the dashboard video showing Clark affixing handcuffs to Hernandez's left hand and attempting to handcuff her right hand as she faced the car.
She was asking sometimes unintelligible questions about her arrest while Clark can be heard ordering her to stop resisting.
Carney told jurors that the video shows "nothing she did that night justified what was done to her that night."
Defense lawyer Steve Sanchez played a portion of the video with the sound turned off and then played a combination of recordings from the dashboard camera and audio recorders on the two officers.
In the audio recordings, Clark can be heard saying "Stop resisting" and "stop tensing up." Hernandez can be heard saying "I'm not resisting." Voices of what the lawyer said were family members can be heard confronting the officers, while the other officer repeatedly asks them to stay back.
"You can hear the confusion, the chaos," Sanchez said.
Carney told the jury that Clark initially told a Riverside County Sheriff's Department investigator that he had lost his balance while struggling with the woman and fired the JPX pepper spray device while falling backward.
Later, Carney said, Clark changed his story, claiming that he feared for his life and believed the woman was reaching for a weapon. The former officer was "taking advantage" of a search conducted after the arrest in which a box cutter was found in one of Hernandez's pockets, Carney contended.
Sanchez, the defense lawyer, told jurors that Clark's training in the use of JPX was "deplorable, the worst kind of training an officer ever received" and that he was told it was "just like OC spray," a common aerosol pepper spray used by police.
The first witness to testify in the case, former Beaumont policeman Matthew Gepford, who now works as a policeman in Riverside, conducted the 2010 training class in which Clark was instructed on the use of JPX.
As Gepford was testifying, a copy of the power point demonstration he used to teach the class was displayed on a large screen behind the witness chair. In it, he noted, officers were advised to fire the device with the target a minimum of 1.5 meters away.
In a test given at the end of the training session, which was introduced as evidence, Clark correctly answered a question in which he was asked if the minimum firing distance was 1.5 meters away.
Gepford admitted during cross examination that the power point, provided by the manufacturer, did not specify that firing at a closer range was prohibited.
The trial in Riverside County Superior Court is expected to take at least another week.
Contact Darrell R. Santschi at 951-368-9079 or email@example.com


text: Growing and managing pastures to provide the maximum benefit for livestock can be a challenging endeavor. But a new book can help. Called "Forage Utilization for Pasture-Based Livestock Production," this book explains all aspects of pasture management for the nutritional benefit of livestock. The book also covers fencing, watering systems, lanes, feeding pads, animal-handling facilities, fly control and more. To order a copy, contact NRAES at (607) 255-7654 or online at: www.nraes.org.


text:
Jayvaughn Pinkston is arguably one of the top players in New York as well as in the nation but the 6-foot-6 power forward is still one of the unsigned gems available.
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These standards are intended to:
These standards apply to all anesthetizing locations and may be exceeded at any time at the discretion of the CRNA. Although the standards are intended to promote high-quality patient care, they cannot assure specific outcomes. The CRNA should consider the integration of new technologies into current anesthesia practice.
There may be exceptional patient-specific circumstances that require deviation from a standard. The CRNA shall document any deviations from these standards (e.g., emergency cases for which informed consent cannot be obtained, surgical interventions or procedures that invalidate application of a monitoring standard) and state the reason for the deviation on the patient's anesthesia record.
Standard I Perform and document a thorough preanesthesia assessment and evaluation.
Standard II Obtain and document informed consent for the planned anesthetic intervention from the patient or legal guardian, or verify that informed consent has been obtained and documented by a qualified professional.
Standard III Formulate a patient-specific plan for anesthesia care.
Standard IVImplement and adjust the anesthesia care plan based on the patient's physiologic status. Continuously assess the patient's response to the anesthetic, surgical intervention, or procedure. Intervene as required to maintain the patient in optimal physiologic condition.
Standard VMonitor, evaluate, and document the patient's physiologic condition as appropriate for the type of anesthesia and specific patient needs. When any physiological monitoring device is used, variable pitch and threshold alarms shall be turned on and audible. The CRNA should attend to the patient continuously until the responsibility of care has been accepted by another anesthesia professional.
InterpretationContinuous clinical observation and vigilance are the basis of safe anesthesia care. Consistent with the CRNA's professional judgment, additional means of monitoring the patient's status may be used depending on the needs of the patient, the anesthesia being administered, or the surgical technique or procedure being performed.
Standard VIDocument pertinent anesthesia-related information on the patient's medical record in an accurate, complete, legible, and timely manner.
Standard VIIEvaluate the patient's status and determine when it is safe to transfer the responsibility of care. Accurately report the patient's condition, including all essential information, and transfer the responsibility of care to another qualified healthcare provider in a manner that assures continuity of care and patient safety.
Standard VIIIAdhere to appropriate safety precautions as established within the practice setting to minimize the risks of fire, explosion, electrical shock and equipment malfunction. Based on the patient, surgical intervention or procedure, ensure that the equipment reasonably expected to be necessary for the administration of anesthesia has been checked for proper functionality and document compliance. When the patient is ventilated by an automatic mechanical ventilator, monitor the integrity of the breathing system with a device capable of detecting a disconnection by emitting an audible alarm. When the breathing system of an anesthesia machine is being used to deliver oxygen, the CRNA should monitor inspired oxygen concentration continuously with an oxygen analyzer with a low concentration audible alarm turned on and in use.
Standard IXVerify that infection control policies and procedures for personnel and equipment exist within the practice setting. Adhere to infection control policies and procedures as established within the practice setting to minimize the risk of infection to the patient, the CRNA, and other healthcare providers.
Standard XParticipate in the ongoing review and evaluation of anesthesia care to assess quality and appropriateness.
Standard XIRespect and maintain the basic rights of patients.


text:
Bee sting kit
Bee sting kit
An emergency kit carried by those who have a history of sudden and severe allergic reactions to bee stings. The kit generally includes a antihistamine pill and a self-administered adrenaline injection.
Please contribute to this project, if you have more information about this term feel free to edit this page.


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It's not too often that I call people out but when I do, you know it's going to BE worth it; so here goes.
How is it that with just over three weeks until some of the game's best players ascend on the Langley Events Centre, that the National Lacrosse League exhibition game between the Colorado Mammoth and the Calgary Roughnecks isn't sold out?
Just a few weeks ago, the 5,500 seat state of the art facility was reporting that it (they) had only sold 1300 seats for the December 8th game. Mind you, they did make note that this was keeping with the pace it (they) was on last year when the Toronto Rock and Washington Stealth came to town; but that's beside the point.
My question is, where are all the families, fans, players who make BC and more matter-of-factly, the Greater Vancouver Area, the second largest lacrosse producing mecca in the world? From Delta to Port Moody, Vancouver to Maple Ridge and all points in between there is an increasing amount of registered members in the BC Lacrosse Association and yet they for some reason don't want to support the growth of lacrosse.
Everyone always asks, why doesn't Vancouver have a professional lacrosse team anymore? Well, despite the blood, sweat and tears of Tom Mayenknecht, the main reason why the Vancouver Ravens (RIP) left town was because the local lacrosse community was too cheap to support it. There I said it. It's out in the open and on the table.
Too many times have people used the excuse, "why would I pay $25 in the winter to watch the same guys in the summer for half the price?" Guess what, I'm not sure if you've noticed the attendance numbers in the Western Lacrosse Association, but they don't exactly have to turn people away at the doors. Therefore, ever at the half the price people aren't supporting local lacrosse. And it boggles the mind.
Ask a local hockey parent if they had the chance to take their hockey paying sons or daughters to watch an NHL game and the best hockey players in the world, would they? Barring the insane ticket prices for an NHL game, of course they would. Why? Because kids who play sports always want to see where they can be if they stick with the sport they love.
So why aren't local arenas filled during the summer months with young kids watching the game's elite? The same question is asked now as to why these parents aren't jumping at the opportunity to take their kids to the LEC next month to see the best of the best. Many of those players are local as well; 32 of the players on the Calgary and Colorado rosters from last year alone have either played or currently play their summer lacrosse in the WLA.
The game will never reach the level of the other major pro-sports if there's no support from the grass-roots. It may sound odd and almost backwards to think that way but it's true. It blows my mind that the minor associations aren't flooding the ticket windows trying to scoop up last minute seats so that they can send their teams and players to this game. Instead, everyone is waiting for a last minute freebie ticket or a chance to "sneak in the back door", which happens far too often in this sport.
For a blue collar sport it sure does have a lot of people with short arms and deep pockets. So here's your chance lacrosse family- hell, this invitation is to all sports fans too- head over to www.langleyeventscentre.com or www.ticketmaster.ca and get your tickets for the game and show the NLL brass that there's is a demand for pro-lacrosse to return to the west coast.
Because it's already been built, they just need you to come; cause if you don't lacrosse may never get a real shot at returning to the Vancouver market.
– The game between the Mammoth and Roughnecks isn't the only event going on through December 7th- December 9th. On the Friday the 7th, there's a coach's clinic and then SIX player clinics on Saturday the 8th and Sunday the 9th. So not only can you and your kids watch the best in the world, you can learn from them as well.


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Kristen Stewart: I'm a rebel
Actress Kristen Stewart believes "carving out" her identity is more important than living up to people's expectations.
Twilight star Kristen Stewart has a "rebellious side" and never lets anyone tell her how to do things
The actress got her big break playing Bella in the vampire franchise but has since moved on to indie projects like Clouds of Sils Maria and American Ultra. People might question why she took a step back from blockbusters, but Kristen has always had a clear idea of what she wants.
"I definitely have a rebellious side!" she laughed to Diva magazine. "I like to be able to do things my own way and be able to carve out my own identity without worrying too much about what others expect you to do. When it comes to my work, I won't do any film where I don't feel completely committed to the story and the character I'm playing. I need to be fully invested emotionally in every project and that's the only way I can work."
Kristen hopes she comes across as authentic and uses her work to assess her own psychology. Finally, she's reached a place where she feels comfortable in her own skin.
"I'm a lot happier and I'm feeling really good," she smiled. "I feel I can be myself more and not allow myself to get sidetracked by other considerations or advice from people. Earlier in my career I had too many people telling me what I should be doing and it was hard for me to deal with all that. That was very confusing for me because I've always been the type of person who likes to do her own thing."
The 25-year-old star particularly struggled with all the attention Twilight drummed up. She and co-star and then-boyfriend Robert Pattinson were under scrutiny from the media at every event and it became draining.
"I've always been shy," she sighed. "I'm still that way even now, even after I've been in this business basically all my life and grew up knowing everything about movies."
© Cover Media
Belfast Telegraph Digital


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Join Garrick Chow for an in-depth discussion in this video Creating playlists, part of iTunes 10 Essential Training.
Up to this point, we've been working with our iTunes content by selecting our music library and playing music from there. And as we have seen you can do the same thing with movies, TV shows, podcasts, and so on. Now this is all fine if you only ever want to listen to albums in their entirety, in their original order. But most people at some point or another want to create their own mix of tunes to play in an order they themselves come up with. In iTunes you do this by creating a playlist. A playlist is basically for collecting specific songs together and playing them in a specific order. Now we are going to get into the different and more advanced types of playlists shortly but in this movie I want to talk about the basic playlist, which is again nothing more than a collection of songs that you arrange in your own order.
You can have as many playlists as you like and call them whatever you want. For example, you might create a playlist of workout songs or a playlist of songs to play while you do housework or playlist of tunes for a road trip or you can create playlists for any other innumerable reasons. Playlists are also used to create a collection of songs to burn to a CD so if you want to make a custom mix CD for a friend, creating a playlist is the first step. We will talk about burning CDs in the next chapter. Playlists can also be transferred to iPods and iPhones, so there's another reason you might want to use playlists.
So to create a playlist, you can choose File > New Playlist, or press Command+N on the Mac or Ctrl+N on Windows. There is also a New Playlist button in the lower left-hand corner of the iTunes window, looks like a little plus symbol, and that creates a new playlist in our source pane. And notice it's under the Playlists heading. In case your Playlists heading is not expanded, make sure you just click Show to see your playlist. So I am going to select my playlist that I have just created. It's currently called untitled playlist so I click it once to select the text. Let's rename this right away and call it Dinner Music, music to digest your food.
Now there is other items here with a gear icon next to them are Smart Playlists and we'll talk about them next. But let's keep working with our basic playlist right now. With the playlist selected I only see this description of what a playlist is and some things I can do with playlists. That's because there is nothing in my playlist yet, so I need to start adding songs to it and I do that by going back to my music library. Although I can also create playlists from movies, TV shows and audio books and even intermingle them, I am just going to work with music for this example though. So we can either grab songs one at a time, drag them to our playlist to add them, or you can hold down Command on Mac or Ctrl on Windows and select multiple songs to drag in.
I'm going to scroll through my library, pick some more songs, drag them in. Now it looks like I clicked a couple of songs that I already had selected, so iTunes has noticed this and asked me if I want to add them to the playlist anyway or just skip them. I will choose Skip in this case. It's no need for me to have two copies of the same song in a playlist. And now when I select the playlist, I see the songs are added to it and I can continue to add to this playlist at anytime I want.
So I can always go back to my library, find more songs, and drag them in. All right, so there are the songs I want in my Dinner Music playlist. I can see down at the bottom here that it's 51.2 minutes long, which should be plenty of time. If not I can always add more songs, and I can easily rearrange the order of these songs simply by grabbing them and dragging them up or down. And that's something you can't do in your library; you can only arbitrarily arrange songs while in the playlist.
Now it's important to understand that when you create a playlist, you're not duplicating or copying any of your files. Adding songs to playlist does not take up any significant amount of additional space on your hard drive. All I have done is here is create references to the songs that are already in my library. So what this means is if I decide I don't want one of these songs to be in this playlist, I just select it and delete it. Just say Remove and it's gone. But that song is still sitting safe and sound in my library. Only when you're in your library and you select songs and hit Delete, that's when the file itself will be removed from the library. So I am going to Cancel that.
But if you are working in a playlist, you can select as many songs as you like, delete them, and they are still going to exist in your library just not in the playlist. So that's a one way to create a playlist simply create a new blank playlist using the Plus button in lower left-hand corner or choose File > New Playlist or use the keyboard command and then just browse through your library and start Command+Clicking or Ctrl+ Clicking songs to drag them in. Now another way you can create a playlists is on the fly with your library selected. Just start selecting some songs, drag them towards the Source pane, and you can see a little number has appeared indicating how many songs I am dragging in.
And I am just going to drag it right on top of the Playlists header. Be careful not to drag it on top of other playlists unless you intend to add these songs to an existing playlist. So make sure you just drag it right on the header, release, and there it is. So we have a new untitled playlist already occupied by the songs I dragged in. I will just call this Random grabs. Now this might not be necessarily faster than creating a blank playlist first but it is an alternative method, and again if you want to add more songs to a playlist you can always do so at anytime by dragging them in or you can also go to your library and right-click on tracks, go to Add to Playlist, and then you can choose which of your existing playlist you want the song to be added to, which is kind of cool.
Similarly you can select one of those songs, choose Show in Playlist, and it will actually reveal any playlist that this song is currently a part of. So that's how you create playlists. You can create a playlist for any purpose or scenario you like, workouts, driving tunes, wedding receptions, or whatever. And again, we can also create them for burning CDs, which we will talk about in the next chapter, but first we are going to talk about Smart Playlists in the very next movie.
- Using the playback controls
- Setting preferences
- Understanding audio and video file formats
- Importing from a CD
- Managing multiple libraries
- Building playlists and smart playlists
- Creating playlists automatically with Genius
- Shuffling and repeating songs
- Burning discs to share
- Shopping at the iTunes Store
- Managing an iPod


text: helloooo! i'm trying to set up a riseup email address so i can do a mailing group thing... except i might just be very stupid here. i'm trying to do the 'request account' thing, but it's telling me " There are two ways to have your account approved: you can either get invite codes from existing users or wait for us to approve your request. Unfortunately, it is often difficult for us to keep up with the volume of requests and it may take us a very long time to get back to you. On the other hand, if you use the invite method, your account will be created and be ready to use immediately. Once you have completed this form, you cannot later go back and enter the invite codes. If you want to use the invite method, you need to get the codes before you fill out this form. To create codes, existing users can login to user.riseup.net and click "Invites"." seeing as i need to get the mails written and out today, are there any nice urbans with an invite at all? thanks lots xxx


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Chiefland Elementary School hosted a movie night Friday to celebrate the end of this year's Florida Comprehensive Assessment Tests (FCAT).
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Could the two fantastic films showing at the Film Forum this weekend be a more dramatic study in contrasts?
Jennifer Lawrence won an Oscar for her bravura turn in David O. Russell's "Silver Linings Playbook," as the newly widowed, wildly promiscuous, over-honest Tiffany -- just off her meds when she encounters the similarly unmedicated, acutely bipolar Pat Solitano, Jr. (Bradley Cooper).
Pat's mother has secured his release -- maybe a little soon -- from a state mental institution and he is happy to be home, even if home is ruled by his compulsive, football-crazy bookie father Pat Sr., in, according to Salon.com, "one of the best and inarguably funniest roles of Robert DeNiro's recent oddball supporting career."
But is Pat Jr. ready for the world? What the fervently optimistic Pat Jr. wants is to reconcile with his wife, who has secured a restraining order against him for, it seems, good reasons. And what does Tiffany want? She'll settle for a partner in a dance competition, and Pat, she thinks, is just her type. Which all may conjure up another smarty-pants rom-com with antic plot twists and rapid-fire quips. But the plot line, based on a novel by Matthew Quick, is not really the point.
David Russell has always been a master plot-maker ("Three Kings," "Flirting with Disaster" and "The Fighter"), and his "Silver Linings Playbook" digs deeper.
"Tinged by shadows and ignited by Lawrence and Cooper, "Silver Linings Playbook" raises the bar on romantic comedy," says Rolling Stone. "It's crazy good."
Teetering "artfully between hilarity and violence, tenderness and remorse," Russell's latest drama, says The Atlantic, soars on the "eye-opening performances" of its never-better leads.
The Film Forum will show "Silver Linings Playbook" at 7:30 p.m. Thursday and Friday, March 21 and 22, at 7:30, and 3 p.m. Sunday, March 24, at the Dee Sarno Theater in The Arts Center, 320 Broadway.
Saturday documentary
This Saturday night at 7:30, the Film Forum presents a one-time screening of the acclaimed documentary "The Central Park Five," from veteran filmmaker Ken Burns, his daughter Sarah, and her husband David McMahon.
Don't miss what the New York Times describes as a "painful, angry, scrupulously reported story of race, injustice and media frenzy" -- an unflinching examination of the notorious "Central Park jogger" case of 1989, when a young woman was brutally raped and beaten, and five Harlem youths, one Hispanic and five black, were arrested, interrogated, convicted and eventually exonerated after wasting years in jail.
Part of the Film Forum's In the Public Interest series, this screening will be followed by a conversation with Rochelle Calhoun, dean of Student Affairs at Skidmore College, and Assistant Police Chief Gregory Veitch of the Saratoga Springs Police Department.
The Film Forum thanks the Adirondack Trust Company Community Fund for its generous support of this series, and its panelists for their gracious participation.
General admission for all screenings this week is $7, and $5 for students and members. For more information, call 584-FILM or go to www.saratogafilmforum.org.
Future of the Film Forum meeting
The rescheduled date for the Film Forum's moderated Community Meeting on its future and its mission, is 7 p.m. Wednesday, March 27, at the Dee Sarno Theater in the Saratoga Arts Center.


text: Janice Scowcroft Hinckley1918 ~ 2011Janice Scowcroft Hinckley passed away Sunday, October 9 at the age of 93. She was born in Ogden, Utah March 6, 1918 to devoted, loving parents James and Lucile (Ballantyne) Scowcroft. Her childhood and early adult years were spent in Ogden where she attended public schools and developed an abiding love of music, horses, and the natural world. Following high school graduation she attended Mills College for one year. She completed her college education at the University of Utah, receiving a BA degree in Music in 1941. In 1940 she was voted U of U Homecoming Queen. Janice, a gifted mezzo-soprano, participated in numerous musical and theatrical productions throughout her life including a starring role in the opera "Aida." She married her childhood sweetheart Robert H. Hinckley, Jr. following his graduation from West Point in May 1942. Itinerant military life extended ten years beyond the end of the war, with the family returning to Utah in 1955. Robert and Janice had four active children, who were the heart and soul of Janice's life and her proudest achievements. She was an extremely loving, caring, selfless mother and wife. In addition to a full, busy home life, she made time for many community and volunteer interests including the Utah Symphony Guild, where she served as president, the Salt Lake Music Circle, also serving as president, and various equestrian organizations.Throughout life her defining characteristic was her loving, caring, positive attitude. But in challenging times she displayed a flinty, resolute toughness and determination that served her very well in adversity. During the closing fifteen years of her life, dementia slowly clouded her mind but she still persevered the same optimistic, cheerful, upbeat disposition that was the hallmark of her life. Often during the final year of her life she would say, "I want to go home". We believe she is home now.The family wishes to express profound gratitude to Judy, Vika and Jenette her devoted care givers, to neighbors Gary and Linda Fox for their constant love and caring, to Hospice For Utah for their diligence and caring attention, and especially to our sister Kristin, who was a soul mate to our mother throughout life, but particularly near the end when a daughter's love and care was most needed. Janice is preceded in death by her husband Robert, her sister Odette Scowcroft Cawley and her parents. She is survived by her brother, Brent Scowcroft, her four children Robert H. Hinckley III (Diana Busch), James S. Hinckley (Lyn Cushman), Scott S. Hinckley (Ann McCullough) and Kristin Hinckley Yeager, nine grand children, eight great grandchildren and a large extended family.A memorial service and reception will be held Friday, October 14 at 11:00 a.m. at the Fruit Heights LDS Church Sixth Ward, 901 South Mountain Road. In lieu of flowers, the family welcomes donations to the Janice Scowcroft Hinckley Memorial Scholarship in Voice at the University of Utah School of Music, 1375 East President's Circle, 204 David P. Gardner Hall, S.L.C., Utah, 84112-0030, 801-581-7325, or Southern Utah Wilderness Alliance, 425 East 100 South, S.L.C., Utah, 801-236-3763, Online: suwa.org/honor


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BioMed Research International
Volume 2013 (2013), Article ID 730721, 9 pages
Preexisting High Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 in Tunica Media of Saphenous Vein Conduits Is Associated with Unfavorable Long-Term Outcomes after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
1Departments of Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Dluga 1/2, 61-848 Poznan, Poland
2Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Dluga 1/2, 61-848 Poznan, Poland
3Pediatric Cardiology and Nephrology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Dluga 1/2, 61-848 Poznan, Poland
4Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Dluga 1/2, 61-848 Poznan, Poland
Received 8 June 2013; Accepted 19 August 2013
Academic Editor: Rei Shibata
Copyright © 2013 Bartlomiej Perek et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Introduction. Migration of the smooth muscle cells (SMCs) to the tunica media in the saphenous vein (SV) transplants is facilitated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The aim of this study was to identify any associations between expression of MMP-2 or endogenous tissue inhibitors (TIMP-2 and TIMP-3) in the SV segments and late failure of the SV grafts. Methods. Two hundred consecutive patients with a mean age of 63.1 ± 8.9 years who underwent primary isolated venous CABG were examined. Patients were retrospectively split into two subgroups, with the SV graft disease (SVGD (+); ) or without it (SVGD (−); ). In the SV segments, immunohistochemical analysis of the expression of the MMP-2, TIMP-2, and -3 was performed. Results. In the SVGD (+) patients, tissue expression of MMP-2 was stronger, whereas that of both TIMPs was weaker than in the SVGD (−) patients. In majority of the SV segments obtained from the SVGD (−) individuals, a balance in MMP and TIMP expressions was found, whereas an upregulation of MMP-2 expression was usually noted in the SVGD (+) subjects. Conclusion. The strong expression of MMP-2 accompanied by reduced immunostaining of both TIMPs is associated with the development of the SV graft disease and unfavorable CABG outcomes.
1. Introduction
Saphenous vein (SV) is broadly employed in a variety of operations in cardiac, peripheral vascular, general, and even neurosurgery due to its ready availability, ease of obtaining, and generally superior patency to the prosthetic vessels [1–4]. However, the interposition of the SV segments into the arterial system during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) initiates a series of biological events within the venous wall [5]. They are thought as adaptation to the high arterial stretch forces and wall shear stresses [6]. In some aspects, they remind the processes typical for arterial remodeling after injury related to angioplasty or stent implantation [7]. On the other hand, these biological processes lead to formation of neointima in the venous grafts. The neointima serves as the foundation for subsequent progressive graft atheroma which eventually results in occlusion of the SV grafts years after CABG [8, 9]. Transformation of the venous smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) from contractile to synthetic and the abnormal proliferation and migration of these cells from the tunica media to the tunica intima through internal elastic lamina are key events in the development of neointima [6, 10]. Before migration of vSMCs, the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) must be initially degraded by the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) [11, 12]. Of several MMPs, MMP-2 (gelatinase A) possesses a unique ability to degrade elastin and collagen, the main components of the ECM [13]. Under physiological conditions, an excessive proteolytic activity of MMPs is strictly controlled by the endogenous tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) [14]. Of four TIMPs, TIMP-2, in addition to inhibiting activity of the MMP, interacts also selectively with the MT1-MMP complex to facilitate the cell-surface activation of pro-MMP-2. TIMP-2 may also inhibit the development and destabilization of the atherosclerotic plaques [15]. TIMP-3, the only TIMP that is incorporated into the ECM, has very broad inhibition spectrum, including not only all MMPs but also several disintegrin metalloproteinases (ADAM and ADAMTS), and also manifests a potent antiapoptotic activity [16]. An appropriate balance between MMPs and TIMPs is considered to be of paramount importance to preserve normal structure and function of the vessels. Thus, in many vascular diseases, such as varicose veins, aortic aneurysms, or hypertension, an existing imbalance in activity of the MMPs versus TIMPs may be underlying pathology [13, 14, 17].
The late CABG outcomes with respect to control of the coronary artery disease (CAD) symptoms are determined not only by the progression of atherosclerosis in the native coronary arteries, but also by patency of the conduits used for the CABG procedures [18]. Although arterial grafts, such as internal thoracic arteries, have a higher late patency rate than veins, the SV autologous conduits are still widely used as the aortocoronary bypass grafts [19, 20].
Thus, the aim of this study was to identify any associations between expression of MMP-2 or the endogenous tissue inhibitors (TIMP-2 and TIMP-3) in the tunica media of the SV transplants and the development of the late graft disease that impact negatively on the late CABG outcomes.
2. Patients and Methods
2.1. Study Group
The Local Ethics Committee has approved the study protocol (no. 1201/08), and each study participant gave informed written consent.
Two hundred consecutive patients (148 males (74.0%) and 52 females (26.0%)) with the mean age of 63.1 ± 8.9 years (44–85 years) who underwent primary isolated nonemergent CABG with at least one venous aortocoronary bypass graft between September 2008 and March 2009 were enrolled in the prospective observational study. They were retrospectively split into two subgroups according to the findings of the last follow-up coronary angiography, with the SV graft disease (SVGD (+) patients; ) or without it (SVGD (−) patients; ). The exclusion criteria included emergent priority of surgery, severe chronic ischemia of the peripheral arteries (arterioselerosis obliterans), and any lower extremity vein pathologies. All patients enrolled in the study but died either during in-hospital stay or the follow-up period were not included due to a lack of availability of the follow-up coronary angiography. Additionally, all individuals who developed myocardial infarction during the first month following CABG procedure were also excluded from the study. The early occlusion of the SV grafts, defined as failure up to 30 days after operation, has been attributed to thrombosis or to improper surgical management rather than to the formation of neointima with subsequent atheroma [9]. Selected preoperative data of both subgroups are summarized in Table 1.
2.2. Tissue Samples Collection
SVs were obtained routinely through full-length thigh incisions over the entire course of the vein. Surgeons paid special attention to meticulous surgical technique. Key points included minimal manipulations with the grafts ("no-touch" technique) and prevention of extensive dilation of the conduits. The venous segments with macroscopic signs of both the preexisted abnormalities (thick wall, pathological dilation, inflammation of the adjacent tissues, and severe adhesions around the vein) and intraoperative injury were disqualified. In all cases, the most distal segments of the harvested SV conduits at least 2.0 cm long were taken for histological examinations.
2.3. Immunohistochemistry for MMP and TIMPs in the SV Conduits
The SV segments were carefully rinsed with 0.9% NaCl at the room temperature, slightly dilated, and fixed in Bouin's solution for 2 to 3 hours. They were dehydrated and then embedded in paraffin blocks using a routine procedure. Eventually, they were cut into the 5 μm sections on a semiautomatic rotary microtome (Leica RM 2145, Leica Microsystems, Nussloch, Germany).
All immunohistochemical analyses employed the Dako REAL EnVision Detection System, Peroxidase/DAB, Rabbit/Mouse, K5007 (Dako, Copenhagen, Denmark). After deparaffinization with xylene and gradual rehydratation, the endogenous peroxidase activity was blocked with 10% hydrogen peroxide (v/v) treatment for 10 minutes. Then, the sections were incubated with the following mouse monoclonal antibodies: anti-MMP-2 (dilution 1 : 50, MAB13431, Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany), anti-TIMP-2 (1 : 200, MAB3310, Millipore), and anti-TIMP-3 (dilution 1 : 100, MAB3318, Millipore) for 18 h at 4°C and then for 60 min at room temperature. The samples were rinsed and then incubated for 60 min at room temperature with a dextran coupled with peroxidase molecules and goat secondary antibody molecules against mouse immunoglobulins (30 min at room temperature). The peroxidase reaction was developed using diaminobenzidine.
The intensity of cytoplasmic expression of the proteins was assessed using the semiquantitative IRS (immunoreactive score) scale according to Remmele and Stegner [22]. It takes into account the percentage of positive cells (scale from 0 to 4) and the intensity of the color reaction (scale from 0 to 3), and final score that ranges from 0 to 12 is a product of points given for individual traits (Table 2). On the base of IRS, the expression of the cytoplasmic proteins was defined as negative (IRS 0-1), positive weak (IRS 2-3), positive moderate (IRS 4–6), or strong (IRS 8–12). All tissue sections were analyzed using an AxioImager Z.1 light microscope, and representative images were captured with an attached AxioCam MRc5 digital camera (Carl Zeiss MicroImaging GmbH, Göttingen, Germany).
For uniformity, immunohistochemical analyses of the expression of proteins in each vessel section were done within 10 representative microscopic fields (200x magnification). The expression of the proteins was evaluated blindly and independently by two pathologists on the coded samples that included also both negative and positive controls. A final score of the expression of a given protein in each SV sample, that was entered in statistical analysis, was the median score derived from 20 assessments (2 pathologists × 10 microscopic fields). The negative controls consisted of the sections incubated with nonimmune IgG1 (X0931, Dako) and the sections in which the primary or secondary antibody was omitted. All the sections corresponding to a vein sample of an individual patient were processed in the same immunohistochemical experiment. In addition, the serial sections were stained in the subsequent experiments as positive controls to determine the consistency of staining.
2.4. Clinical Outcomes and Late Patency of the SV Grafts
All patients were followed up systematically in the outpatient facilities. Unless contraindicated, the patients were routinely treated medically with statins and acetylsalicylic acid/clopidogrel. All CABG subjects were also educated on how to control risk factors for the progression of CAD. At the end of followup that lasted 50.5 ± 9.1 months and was completed by 202 patients (96.2%) patients, clinical and angiographic assessments were carried out. Follow-up coronary status was evaluated according to Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) classification. Additionally, at the end of follow-up period, all aortocoronary bypass grafts were examined by the coronary angiography () or multidetector spiral computed tomography angiography (MSCT) (). MSCT was offered only to subjects who withdrew consent for the follow-up invasive coronary examination. However, they would have agreed to undergo coronary angiography if MSCT had revealed significant lesions. SVGD, a primary angiographic endpoint, was defined as graft stenosis that exceeded 70%.
2.4.1. Data Management and Statistical Analysis
All continuous variables were estimated for normality with the Shapiro-Wilk test. When the values were normally distributed, they were expressed as the means ± standard deviations and then compared using Student's -test. Ordinal variables (i.e., points in IRS scale) were expressed as the median with the 25th and 75th percentiles (for IRS scale comparison) and were analyzed with the Mann-Whitney test. Nominal data were presented as the number () and percentages (%), and the differences between the examined groups were analyzed using single chi-square tests. A value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. All statistical analyses were performed with Statistica 9.0 for Windows (StatSoft, Inc., Tulsa, OK, USA).
3. Results
3.1. Late CABG Outcomes
In the last follow-up examination, 47 patients reached angiographic study endpoint. In two of them, MSCT revealed occluded SV grafts, and these findings were confirmed in the coronary angiography. During the postdischarge follow-up period, 11 patients developed acute coronary syndromes (ACSs) (non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) (), ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) (), and unstable angina ()). Thus, in these individuals, coronary angiography was carried out earlier (averaged 15.2 ± 9.3 months after surgery) than at the end of follow-up period. The follow-up coronary angiography revealed also failure of the grafts in 31 study participants who manifested an exacerbation of angina and in 5 subjects without any symptoms of the progression of CAD. At the time of the last follow-up examination, all of the latter subgroup had suffered from diabetes treated with insulin for at least 5 years.
The progression of atherosclerosis in the native coronary arteries (defined if the culprit lesions reducing vessel diameter by at least 70% were located distally to anastomoses with the grafts or in the nonbypassed coronary arteries) was seen in 15 patients, including 4 cases without significant changes in the grafts. However, no complete occlusions in the bypassed native coronary arteries distally to the anastomoses sites were visualized in the follow-up coronary angiography. Detailed locations of the significant lesions are summarized in Table 2. Thus, in majority of patients with the clinical progression of CAD (, 90.5%), failure of the SV grafts (isolated or concomitant with the progression of CAD in the arterial grafts or the native coronary arteries) was diagnosed.
3.2. Tissue Expression of MMP and TIMPs
In majority of the SV samples, no or weak expression of either MMP-2 (no expression in 54 (27.0%), positive weak in 60 (30.0%) cases) or TIMP-3 (no expression in 77 (38.5%) and weak positive in 49 (29.5%) cases) was noted, whereas strong immunostaining was detected in approximately 10% (both in 21 samples). Generally, tissue expression of TIMP-2 was more pronounced than MMP-2 or TIMP-3, and in approximately two-fold more samples (39 (19.5%)), strong immunostaining of TIMP-2 was noted. A balanced tissue expression of MMP-2 versus TIMP-2 was found in 123 (61.5%) while MMP-2 versus TIMP-3 in 129 (64.5%) SV sections.
The detailed expressions of both MMP-2 and TIMPs are presented on Figure 1.
3.3. SVGD (+) versus SVGD (−) Patients
Generally, the SVGD (+) patients were significantly younger, more often were active smokers, and manifested the higher prevalence of renal failure (defined as glomerular filtration rate (GFR) below 50 mL/min/1.73 m2) and diabetes mellitus treated with insulin than the SVGD (−) patients. More detailed data regarding risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis are outlined in Table 1.
3.4. Tissue Expression of MMP or TIMPs and SVGD
The expression of either MMP-2 or its inhibitors, such as TIMP-2 and TIMP-3, differed significantly between the SVGD (−) and SVGD (+) patients (Tables 3 and 4). In the latter group, tissue expression of MMP-2 presented as IRS score was significantly higher, whereas both TIMPs scored markedly weaker than in the SVGD (−) patients. In majority of the SV segments of the SVGD (−) individuals, a balanced expression of MMP versus TIMP was found, whereas in the SVGD (+) subjects, an upregulation of MMP-2 versus TIMPs expression was usually noted (Table 4, Figures 2 and 3). Additionally, in 12 cases of the SVGD (−) patients, positive strong expression of MMP-2 was accompanied by also positive strong expression of both TIMP-2 and TIMP-3.
4. Discussion
This study showed that the postdischarge clinical deterioration of CAD in majority of cases resulted from the SV grafts failure rather than the progression of atherosclerosis in the native coronary arteries. Only in 3 cases (6.4%) who reached angiographic study endpoint, the SV graft failure was accompanied by significant progression of CAD in the recipient native coronary arteries. We must stress again that no complete occlusions of the bypassed arteries were visualized. Thus, SV graft disease is probably not related directly to the formation of the significant atherosclerotic plaques in the distal segments of the bypassed coronary arteries. However, prolongation of the follow-up period for 10 to 15 years may change the significance of the morphological pathologies in the grafts and in the native coronary vascular bed. Because of a fact that the SVs are still the most common grafts used in the CABG subjects, large and multicenter clinical trials that would involve more patients should be carried out to identify the subgroups of individuals who would benefit the most from venous aortocoronary grafts in the terms of optimal postdischarge control of the CAD symptoms. In the previous study published by our team, we showed that some histological ageing-related variations, such as progressive hypotrophy of SV wall and the tunica media, might have positive impact on the long-term CABG followup [23]. A comparison of the SVGD (+) to SVGD (−) demographic data revealed that a population with preterm failure of the SV grafts was significantly younger. We also found a higher prevalence and longer duration of the insulin-treated diabetes and active smokers among the SVGD (+) patients. Thus, in our daily clinical practice in cardiac surgery we should probably avoid using the SV grafts in these subsets of CABG subjects. Our results support the earlier opinions that the most appropriate grafts for the diabetics are arterial conduits [24, 25].
The key histological finding in this study was that the preexisting tissue expression of MMP-2 in the SV wall of normal macroscopic appearance was not uniform, and this variability could be at least associated with the long-term CABG outcomes. In the SVGD (+) patients, MMP-2 expression evaluated as either positive strong or positive moderate according to IRS scoring system was noted significantly more often than in the SVGD (−) subjects. However, this is not a novel finding. The elevated expression of the MMPs, particularly MMP-2 and MMP-9 has been identified as one of the crucial events in the processes of the vascular remodeling [26]. These MMPs were demonstrated in the experimental animal models to be mandatory molecules to promote proliferation and migration of the vSMCs from the tunica media to the tunica intima. Previously published study dealing with smoking as a risk factor for accelerated failure of the SV grafts disclosed that upregulated expression of MMP-2 gene in the SV transplants obtained from the heavy smokers might increase the prevalence of vein graft disease within the long-term follow-up period [27]. Overexpression of MMP-2 was also found in the animals models of the SV segments into the carotid artery interposition [28].
We showed in this study that not only absolute expression of the selected proteins but also an imbalance between tissue activities of MMP-2 and TIMPs in the SV wall might have an adverse impact on the late fate of the SV grafts. Tissue remodeling that involves MMPs and TIMPs is considered as a normal dynamic biological process [29]. This fine harmony is dysregulated in several vascular pathologies of both arteries and veins [14, 18]. For example, the higher expression of MMPs was found in the abdominal aortic aneurysms, gestational hypertension, and arteries after intravascular interventions [30, 31]. On the other hand, the stronger expression of TIMPs was shown to facilitate deposition of the connective tissue in the venous wall that resulted in reduced tissue turnover and in thicker vein wall [17]. We found for the first time that preexisting at the time of surgery stronger expression of MMP-2 than of TIMPs was linked to the development of SVDG during the follow-up period after CABG. This phenomenon was found in majority of the SVGD (+) patients whereas in less than 5% of the SVDG (−) cases. Interestingly, in all cases of the SVGD (−), positive strong expression of MMP-2 was balanced by pronounced tissue activities of both TIMP-2 and TIMP-3. Thus, our study proved that intrinsic ability of the SV wall to preserve tissue homeostasis of the proteolytic proteins was at least as important as absolute expression of the particular MMPs and TIMPs.
Another issue of importance is to find any explanation for why in some SV segments with normal macroscopic appearance the activity of MMP-2 is upregulated. It was reported previously that MMP-2 was produced and released from the vascular SMCs after stimulation by a variety of the local substances strictly related to the clinical risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking, and ageing [14, 32, 33]. On the base of the cigarette smokers, it was found that even the quitters some time prior to surgery still manifested an increased activity of the MMP-2 gene [27]. Thus, it may be possible that cellular and tissue effects of the aforementioned factors promoting atherosclerosis could be permanent or not completely reversible. We found significant differences between the groups (SVDG (−) versus SVGD (+)) with respect to the active smokers rate, the prevalence, and duration of diabetes treated with insulin.
Majority of the publications dealing with the associations between the clinical variables and the expression of MMPs were carried out on arteries. In the arteries, ageing was found to be usually related to the development of wall hypertrophy and formation of the connective tissue deposits. Contrary to the arteries, in this study on the SV grafts, we revealed that the younger age of the SV transplant recipients at the time of surgery may be linked to the adverse long-term outcomes. One of the possible explanations may be the findings of the earlier study of our team [23]. We showed that ageing-related progressive thinning of the SV wall resulted from hypotrophy of the tunica media and degeneration of the SMCs.
We are aware of some study limitations. First of all, nowadays, it is not possible to reveal definitely the predominant cause of the SV graft failure in the coronary angiography, a routine method to check the quality and function of the grafts. We can just visualize the final results after a given period of time. However, based on the experimental studies on the animal models, we may only presume that the main pathway leads through the formation of neointima to subsequent development of the occluding atherosclerosis. Moreover, the immunohistochemical assessment of the protein expressions, both active and bound forms, was detected. Thus, it is possible in some samples that real expression of MMPs or/and TIMPs could be overestimated. Additionally, by virtue of a relatively small number of the participants who reached angiographic study endpoint, we were not justified to perform multivariate analysis to find the independent risk factors for the development of SVDG. However, we plan to continue our study that will involve more patients with a significantly prolonged follow-up period.
5. Conclusion
Dysregulation of MMP-2 and TIMPs expression in the SV segments may have a potential impact on the prevalence of the SV graft failure during the long-term follow-up period. A strong tissue expression of MMP-2 accompanied by reduced TIMPs immunostaining is associated with the development of the SV graft disease and unfavorable long-term CABG outcomes.
Conflict of Interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
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Legendary guitarist George Lynch (DOKKEN, LYNCH MOB, SOULS OF WE) was a guest on last night's (Saturday, June 7) edition of the "Maximum Threshold" radio show.The program is now available for download at this location (MP3 file; 114 MB). SOULS OF WE, the band featuring Lynch alongside London LeGrand (BRIDES OF DESTRUCTION), powerhouse drummer Yael (TOM MORELLO, ALEX SKOLNICK) and bassist Johny Chow (SYSTEMATIC, FIREBALL MINISTRY), has just released its debut album, "Let the Truth Be Known".
Lynch and Legrand originally started crafting the songs that would ultimately make up "Let The Truth Be Known" four years ago. However, the project was temporarily put on hold for a couple of years while Lynch worked on various projects and Legrand joined BRIDES OF DESTRUCTION, the band featuring Nikki Sixx of MTLEY CRE and Tracii Guns from L.A. GUNS. After the BRIDES split, Legrand and Lynch rekindled their partnership and finished work on their most ambitious project yet. "Let The Truth Be Known" was self-produced in various studios around Los Angeles and mixed by Mudrock (AVENGED SEVENFOLD, GODSMACK). The record features several guest musicians including, drummer Morgan Rose (SEVENDUST) and bassist Fred Leclercq (DRAGONFORCE). Check out audio samples at www.myspace.com/soulsofwe.


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There are some feuds that make logical sense, and there are others so out of left field they surprise even the participants. Let the record show the tension between Justin Bieber and Patrick Carney definitely falls in that latter group.
The Black Keys drummer was out and about in Los Angeles celebrating his Grammy win following the event when TMZ's camera crew asked him if the Biebs got screwed by the committee which didn't nominate his latest album for anything. Carney was less than sympathetic and said the Grammys are about music, not what artist is making the most money.
Not surprisingly, Bieber wasn't exactly appreciate of Carney's comments, and he fired back on Twitter earlier today…
"the black keys drummer should be slapped around haha"
Given the people involved, this obviously isn't going to come to blows, but the mini-feud does set up a pretty interesting argument. Clearly, Carney doesn't see very much artistic merit in popularity, but Adele has sold more records than anyone else the past few years. She's been showered with Grammys, and there are more than a few people who think Bieber is actually really good at being a pop star. Just because he makes a ton of money doesn't inherently mean his music is shit.
What do you think? Are you on team Bieber or team Black Keys? Let us know your thoughts by voting in the poll below…
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