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Call Of Duty: Black Ops 2 Review
Call Of Duty: Black Ops 2 isn't all that.
We wanted to get that in early because there's a certain group of people out there to whom a Black Ops 2 review is irrelevant. The social aspect of Call Of Duty has become so ingrained in the videogame industry that to many it's as much a tradition as Christmas.
As such, our Black Ops 2 review simply does not matter. Millions of copies will be bought – even enjoyed – just for the cycle to begin anew, but the fact is Call Of Duty is starting to feel its age.
It's a shame because, as a package, this should be the greatest Call Of Duty yet. Black Ops 2 crams in a decent length single-player, brand new additions to Zombies mode and the adrenaline fuelled multiplayer action we know and love.
And whether you agree or not, each is as important as the other. Treyarch's COD games attract a diverse bunch, with some buying purely for one distinct section of the game.
But it's those who are considering buying Black Ops 2 purely for the single-player that need to worry the most. This is the most lacklustre Call Of Duty campaign for a while, but not for want of trying.
Black Ops 2 continues the story from the last game while tying in the new story arc of Raul Menendez and his rise to power. The problem is, the story tries to juggle far too many elements, crashing under its own unnecessary complexity.
This is, in part, thanks to the branching storyline, which does admittedly do a good job of creating variations on how the campaign progresses with a smart degree of subtlety.
You won't notice these branches growing even when some of the choices are direct button prompts – and that's a real credit to Treyarch's work here – but all this hard work is undone by the dissonance with which the campaign unfolds.
Yemen is an interesting map, albeit a little confusing at first.
Flitting back and forth between the 80s and 2025 without any proper segue makes keeping up with the numerous plot points tiresome work, which only helps to make the main overarching story – that of Raul Menendez – all the more difficult to appreciate.
The campaign tries to add a little heart, a little meaning to a world war when, at its best, Call Of Duty relishes in non-stop bombastic gun battles and little else.
This reliance on telling a story – which, let's be honest, isn't COD's strongest point anyway – ultimately pays the price on the gameplay itself, which fails to focus on the grandeur we've come to expect from Call Of Duty.
There are very few standout missions or sections to really celebrate with Black Ops 2, devolving the game into nothing more than a series of corridors and a carpet of corpses.
There are some entertaining moments, admittedly, such as the early sections on the Colossus – the manmade island for the wealthy one per cent – that delights in the sci-fi setting, even if much of it is ripped directly from scenes in classic sci-fi films.
And, as loathe as we are to say it, the few vehicle-based sections of Black Ops 2 just aren't as good as the equivalent in Medal Of Honor: Warfighter. Flimsy controls make it hard to enjoy what should be a spectacular group of set pieces.
The voice acting and facial mocap of Woods' cut scenes are genuinely impressive. It's just a shame the engine is so ropey.
Even the Strike Team missions – which are the 'new' that Treyarch brings to an increasingly aging party – fail to live up to the initial promise they provide.
Pitched as a strategic element to Black Ops 2, the truth is unfortunately the opposite. While you can control up to four different unit types from a top-down view, each battle becomes so hectic and overwhelming that you just won't find any depth to it; picking up a gun and shooting your way through is the only way to succeed.
This is most disappointing because the addition of Strike Team missions is genuinely a good thing for Black Ops 2, Treyarch just needed to focus on the tactical strategy that it these missions try so hard to provide.
So as we said, single-player is the weakest part of Black Ops 2. It's not awful by any stretch and isn't quite as mundane as Medal Of Honor: Warfighter, but it does fail to live up to the spectacle we've come to expect from our popcorn-flick COD campaigns.
It's in Zombies mode where the largest areas of change have been implemented, now with three different modes for three distinct types of gameplay.
Survival is your basic Zombies mode, and anyone who appreciated the previous Zombies of Black Ops and World At War will continue to enjoy the very same game here.
Single-player is little more than a string of corridors, so the branching storyline is pretty well done.
Grief is a competitive equivalent, pitting eight players against each other in two teams. It's just the same as Zombies mode, except with the disadvantage of competition. Knifing opposing players distracts them (but not injuring them), making it harder to fend off the incoming horde.
There isn't much more to it than that and it is at odds with the mode as a whole. While you'll work together as a team to survive longer than the other four, the competitive element doesn't really work and is not preferable to the basic co-operative mode.
Lastly there's Tranzit, the most intriguing of modes. This gives you much larger freedom over navigating the area, with a bus (driven by a robotic attendant) connecting areas together.
It's optional to take the bus, however, and providing you have the right tools to cross the dangerous connecting roads it's just as plausible to travel to different areas on foot.
Collectables are scattered around each of the various sections, too, enabling you to construct equipment to improve your odds of survival. It adds a new dynamic to Zombies, and the idea of exploring a larger environment gives some additional motivation to gunning down the shuffling dead.
This isn't Mason. You'll only spot him during cut scenes with Woods, making him for an even more unidentifyable character.
Our only criticism of Tranzit – just as with Grief – is how rigidly it sticks to the tried-and-tested gameplay mechanics of Zombies mode. You're still fending off waves of increasingly tougher undead, you're still stacking up points to buy improved weaponry and, ultimately, it feels like there isn't that much difference between Survival and the additional two new modes.
Which leaves multiplayer and, as expected, it's as great as always. It's the very same Call Of Duty gameplay we've come to know and love, and if that's all you wanted from the game then you've nothing to worry about.
The maps themselves are improved over Modern Warfare 3's small, boxed efforts – proving once again that Treyarch knows what it is doing when it comes to map design.
There's a lot of variety to them as well, whether it's the customary desert canyon landscape of Turbine or the unique leisure yacht map of Hijacked.
This diversity isn't only aesthetic either, and each map needs to be tackled in a different way. Carrier, for example, is largely flat with a plethora of debris to take cover behind. Yemen, on the other hand, features a lot of winding roads and tighter corners – both requiring completely different ways of playing.
Maps like Aftermath are a little forgettable, but there's plenty of variety to help find your favourite.
As with the original Black Ops, there's always an alternate way of navigating a map so you're never stuck dealing with an entrenched player who simply will not move from his favourite spot. It keeps the action going.
Scorestreaks are perhaps the biggest evolution for Call Of Duty's multiplayer, however. As the name suggests, Scorestreak abilities are rewarded after earning a certain amount of points in a match.
It's the best way to tailor the experience for every play style and emphasising the teamwork needed to succeed in certain modes. Scorestreaks will help to earn you additional points too, further rewarding you for tactical gameplay.
Activating a UAV, for example, will earn you 10 points for each kill earned by your team during its activation, while turrets will rack up extra points even if they don't finish an enemy off.
It's a great system that really rewards every player regardless of preference, from your lonely campers to your gung-ho flag capturers.
The reworked class system deserves complimenting too, since it really is the fairest way of letting every player have their cake. The only problem is you probably won't be able to eat it too.
The Strike Team Missions are, unfortunately, a missed opportunity.
By limiting every class to only 10 'bits' – weapons, attachments, perks, etc – you'll need to become conservative with your choices. Do you want two types of grenades, or would you give one up for a suppressor for your rifle?
Additional wildcards can be used to unlock extra options, using up one of your 10 possible choices but enabling other bonuses. You may add a third attachment to your primary weapon, for example, or gain access to another perk slot.
It's entirely customisable and, though you will inevitable encounter situations where you'll have to pick one item over another, it gives you an element of depth and personal choice to class creation.
The only issue comes with the limited symbiosis between the class creation system and Scorestreaks.
Now that you're rewarded for playing each game the way that you're meant to, creating your own classes for every possible circumstance is more important than ever. In that sense, Scorestreaks really should be attached to the classes you create.
For instance, you may have a class you prefer to use for games of Domination and an entirely different one for Team Deathmatch. Maybe you'll equip defensive Scorestreaks in Domination, such as the Guardian turret or counter-UAV, but in Team Deathmatch you're better off sticking to offensive Scorestreaks.
These quadrotors can be used in multiplayer, and can give you a pretty decent advantage before anyone realises how they're dying.
Without the option to match particular Scorestreak choices with certain classes, you're forced to tweak and alter the options before a match starts – and there are even situations where you may want to alter your playstyle during a match.
There is a greater issue at hand, however. Black Ops 2 multiplayer is still just the same multiplayer gameplay, and no amount of tweaks to the system, improvements to the maps or the expected behind-the-scenes alterations change the fact that this is the same multiplayer we've played for years now.
For some this won't be a problem, but others will consider this the most pertinent point our Black Ops 2 review has made – it's not that it feels tired, just that it feels the same.
As great as all the changes are, they're not particular revolutionary to the game. There's no denying it's still a great multiplayer mode, and the fast-paced run-and-gun action remains as compelling as ever, but nothing has changed – not really – and we can't keep rewarding Call Of Duty for rehashing itself on a yearly basis.
Ultimately, why should you buy this year's COD for multiplayer if you've already had your fill of everything Call Of Duty can offer?


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Talk:Norm (mathematics)
|WikiProject Mathematics
|(Rated C-class, High-importance)
- 1 modulus of an element of an arbitrary field
- 2 Elaborate $p \geq 0$, simple consequence?
- 3 Link to an explanation of the || notation?
- 4 Merging norm (mathematics) and normed vector space
- 5 Any field?
- 6 Disambiguation???
- 7 turning a seminorm into a norm
- 8 L2 and energy norms?
- 9 infinity norm
- 10 More about norms
- 11 Weak norms
- 12 Streamlined definition of a semi-norm
- 13 L_-inf
- 14 Taxicab, 1-norm, and hypercubes.
- 15 Don't understand norm of W + v
- 16 Minor cleanup needed
- 17 Rhomboid → square?
- 18 Proposal: Merge Uniform norm to here
- 19 Semi-* vs. Pseudo-*
- 20 The p-norm formula for 0 < p < 1 is "also valid" in what sense???
- 21 Weighted norm
- 22 Examples
- 23 Length and the norm
- 24 "Almost norm"
- 25 equivalence of norms missing from article
- 26 Norm of a complex number
- 27 Imaginary numbers a vector space?
- 28 plus or minus
- 29 row sum? column sum?
- 30 Pseudonorm
- 31 Notation
- 32 All algebraic vector spaces over subfields of are normable
- 33 Derivative
- 34 Lateral click
- 35 B-norm/F-norm
- 36 Normalization?
modulus of an element of an arbitrary field[edit]
Does anyone know what the modulus of an element of an arbitrary field is? Does the notion of modulus exist in every field?
- You can't do it for all fields. The article as it stands right now is wrong. AxelBoldt 19:28, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
Elaborate $p \geq 0$, simple consequence?[edit]
It is not obvious for me why we have the implication that $p$ is positive, in none of my references (or the book cited) is the norm defined as anything but positive. Could you please elaborate, why does it follow that it is positive through this definition? See the article on normed vector space for example.
Link to an explanation of the || notation?[edit]
I don't know what the || notation means. From context, I think I get that it is analagous to absolute value or cardinality, but for vectors. Will someone please add something explictly introducing the || notation either here or on it's own page?
Kal Culus
I do not understand your question. || is a function on a vector space. We write |.| to indicate the function has to be feed a vector. We could also write f(x), with f the norm and x an element of the vector space V. The properties of the norm function are given in the article. I do not know how to make this more explicit in the article. MathMartin 13:33, 29 Oct 2004 (UTC)
Merging norm (mathematics) and normed vector space[edit]
Would it be agreeable to merge the material from here back into normed vector space? I can see a couple of reasons for this:
- all examples for norms given here are also examples of normed vector spaces, so we could have all examples in one spot.
- norms and normed vector spaces are essentially the same concept; in all likelihood, the reader who wants to learn about one wants to learn about the other as well.
- the topology induced by a norm is currently explained in both articles
- there are several other concepts called "norm" in mathematics, so norm (mathematics) should really be a disambiguation page. See norm.
AxelBoldt 19:59, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
I did not separate norm (mathematics) and normed vector space but I did separate metric (mathematics) and metric space recently and I think most of the arguments are valid for those pages as well. See Talk:Metric_space#Split_metric_space_into_metric_.28mathematics.29_and_metric_space
- The examples should be separated better.
- Although the concepts are closely related I think it is clearer to discuss them separately. The norm (mathematics) should focus in the norm as a special function on vector spaces whereas normed vector space should focus on the properties of a normed vector space.
- The topology stuff should be discussed mainly on normed vector space
- I have no problem with moving this article to norm (vector space) and putting a disambiguation page here instead.
MathMartin 20:53, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
If you are not convinced by my arguments feel free to merge the pages again. MathMartin 13:52, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
- I'd support this merge. Neither definition can be made without making both and neither can be understood without reference to the other. If we want to separate out examples the articles should be something like normed vector space and examples of normed vector spaces —Preceding unsigned comment added by A Geek Tragedy (talk • contribs)
- Ummm, this section is a discussion from two years ago. If you want to merge the articles, I think you need to make a fresh argument. I think you also need to make a sound refutation of MathMartin's arguments above. Lunch 16:44, 5 April 2007 (UTC)
Any field?[edit]
This article defines norms for any field F, but there is a problem with axiom 2 since it relies on a real-valued function |a| defined in the field. What does that mean for a finite field, for example? --Zero 06:28, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
- I really don't know whether it's possible to make the definition of norm general enough for more fields. I guess for the norm to exist, we need some kind of map from our base field to the reals which will itself satisfy the axioms of a norm. a sort of subadditive field homomorphism to R. Do such things exist for finite fields? I have no idea. Certainly I've never seen anything like that. -Lethe | Talk 17:25, July 11, 2005 (UTC)
I agree something does not make sense. If F=C are the complex numbers, then axiom 2 has no meaning, as C is not an ordered field, so we cant say that p(u+v) <= p(u) + p(v) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 126.96.36.199 (talk) 01:53, 28 September 2011 (UTC)
On the Gauge disambiguation page, I tried to come up with a short one-line description, and wrote:
"*Gauge (mathematics), a semi norm, a concept related to convex sets.
Unfortunately, I don't understand this stuff well enough to know if I butchered the description or not. Could somebody please check it out and correct if needed? Thanks. RoySmith 8 July 2005 11:58 (UTC)
turning a seminorm into a norm[edit]
Somehow I seem to remember there being a person's name associated with the process of turning a seminorm into a norm by modding out by the vectors of norm zero, in just the same way that you turn the space of Lebesgue square integrable functions into a Banach space by identifying functions that agree almost everywhere. I came to wikipedia to look up this name, but couldn't find it. Am I imagining this? -Lethe | Talk 02:46, July 11, 2005 (UTC)
- It works exactly like for Lebesgue case (which is in fact a special case of this): You just consider the quotient space modulo the subspace of vectors of zero seminorm, on which the (induced) seminorm (the seminorm is independent of the representative of a class) is a norm. (But I don't know whose name could be associated to this -- maybe you think of the associated Hausdorff space, where this is a special case of.) — MFH:Talk 21:59, 28 February 2006 (UTC)
- For a finite field, I think there is only one. Define |x|=1 if x is not zero, and |0|=0. Not terribly useful! --Zero 17:02, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
L2 and energy norms?[edit]
In my Finite Element Analysis course, I keep running into the L2 norm,
and the "energy norm" (which apparently, for most solid mechanics applications, denotes energy):
Can someone who knows more than I on the subject add information on these? —BenFrantzDale 03:49, 27 September 2005 (UTC)
- In the section p-norm in this article, there is a reference to Lp space where that kind of norms are discussed. Oleg Alexandrov 05:16, 27 September 2005 (UTC)
- That article is not very well suited for explaining the L2 norm. IMO it's worth having a separate article, as it's used quite commonly. Info from Mathworld could be adapted. 184.108.40.206 19:30, 21 February 2006 (UTC)
- You want L2 norm, then visit the article on L2 norm. :) Oleg Alexandrov (talk) 00:30, 22 February 2006 (UTC)
infinity norm[edit]
We need to generalize max to sup for infinity norm. MathStatWoman 09:26, 22 January 2006 (UTC)
- I don't think that's right. If a sequence doesn't have a largest element, then its l-∞ norm is not finite. -lethe talk 10:24, 22 January 2006 (UTC)
This article has been very helpful, but I don't understand this about the infinity norm: "The set of vectors whose ∞-norm is a given constant forms the surface of a hypercube of dimension equivalent to that of the norm minus 1." I understand why it form a hypercube, but what is the part about the dimension? Oh never mind, I get it now. I just didn't know a norm had a dimension and as far as I can tell that is never mentioned in the article. I thought of the dimension of the hypercube as the size or edge length or something like that. Which I guess would be equal to two times the norm. 184.108.40.206 (talk) 18:47, 15 October 2008 (UTC)
- Unless your "Oh never mind" is something I'm missing, the wording is ambiguous. A norm is always a scalar, so if you take "dimension" in the number-of-components sense, then the phrasing is wrong. Taking the other meaning -- edge length -- the article is just wrong. I just rephrased it. —Ben FrantzDale (talk) 10:52, 16 October 2008 (UTC)
I see this portion as inconsistent since : Let p ≥ 1 be a real number. ...and for p = we get the infinity norm --Kmatzen (talk) 15:10, 21 October 2011 (UTC)
More about norms[edit]
If we have an article entitled "Norm(mathematics)", should we not include the concepts of Banach spaces, norms based on the general Lebesgue integrals as well as countable sums, and sup norms? To quote from Banach spaces: "The Banach space l∞ consists of all bounded sequences of elements in K; the norm of such a sequence is defined to be the supremum of the absolute values of the sequence's members." MathStatWoman 13:04, 22 January 2006 (UTC)
- JA: Some of this material is distributed across the articles on Banach limits, Banach spaces, and Measure (mathematics), so maybe a better coordination and some expansion would do the trick. Jon Awbrey 15:32, 22 January 2006 (UTC)
- If you want to add more stuff to this article, please go ahead. But don't do much integration work by removing stuff from other articles. That seldom works. Oleg Alexandrov (talk) 17:30, 22 January 2006 (UTC)
- JA: Yes, that's kinda what I meant by "co-ordination", interlinking and such. Jon Awbrey 17:33, 22 January 2006 (UTC)
- We are on the same wavelenth. When I hear people taking big plans about reorganizing things I assume the worst. :) Happily not this time. :) Oleg Alexandrov (talk) 01:10, 23 January 2006 (UTC)
Someone should add some links (in this article) to other articles explaining norms, and the sup norm as an example, since it is so important in other areas of mathematics. Is that all right with everyone out there? MathStatWoman 18:33, 23 January 2006 (UTC)
- Go ahead. :) Oleg Alexandrov (talk) 02:40, 24 January 2006 (UTC)
Weak norms[edit]
I found a weak norm being used at http://www.sm.luth.se/~johanb/applmath/chap3en/part3.htm. Should this be in the main article? --Sunnyside 10:40, 9 February 2006 (UTC)
- I guess one needs to have a section in this article discussing norms on function spaces. That seems to be missing now. Then, that norm would be most welcome, but I never heard it being called weak norm though, some references for that (except the web page) would be needed. Oleg Alexandrov (talk) 23:02, 9 February 2006 (UTC)
Streamlined definition of a semi-norm[edit]
I prefer to define a semi-norm as in the latest version just posted today. Positive homogeneity and the triangle inequality are the only two properties you need, and it seems silly to keep carrying around positive definiteness when it follows. Perhaps I am missing something as I have not seen this anywhere. Jenny Harrison 12 July 2006
- I reverted that change. It may be more streamlined but it is harder to read. I prefer the classical definition, and I added a brief sentence saying that first property is actually not necessary. Oleg Alexandrov (talk) 20:14, 12 July 2006 (UTC)
- Let's think about this again. When we define a linear transformation T of a vector space, we do not usually list the fact that T(0) = 0 in the definition. We would appear ignorant if we did so. Similary, there is no need to include positive definitness. Since everyone has memorized it this way, most don't realize it is not needed. It becomes a mantra that may be comforting but is pointless to carry it around. The lean definition actually reads very well, for it looks a lot like the definition of a linear transformation, a kind of sublinear functional, as it were. So I am going to try again to make this read well for you. Jenny Harrison (talk) 16 July 2006 (UTC)
- I see your point. However, T(0)=0 is trival to derive and not that essential for linear transformations. For seminorms, the positivity is crucial, and is important enough to actually state it as a definition. It is also rather clumsy to derive, and people better spend their attention on something else than that derivation when reading the article. So I disagree. Oleg Alexandrov (talk) 17:28, 17 July 2006 (UTC)
- Leave the discussion of which definition to be followed officially. First of all, Did you people check completely the if and only if condition?? I think you are talking only one way i.e. "||v||=0 if v=0" , but not "||v||=0 only if v=0". which makes the condition of "positive definiteness" must to be mentioned, though "positivity" (as you people said) could be omitted. More over, I didnot understand at all why you people are thinking of "linear transformation" here!. my word is simply that we need all 3 properties.. positive definiteness, subadditivity and homogenity, compulsarily but not positivity to define NORM.
- I see your point. However, T(0)=0 is trival to derive and not that essential for linear transformations. For seminorms, the positivity is crucial, and is important enough to actually state it as a definition. It is also rather clumsy to derive, and people better spend their attention on something else than that derivation when reading the article. So I disagree. Oleg Alexandrov (talk) 17:28, 17 July 2006 (UTC)
Hi, on a possibly related note, I noticed this under Notes:
A useful consequence of the norm axioms is the inequality ||u ± v|| ≥ | ||u|| − ||v|| | for all u and v ∈ K.
Would it be okay to move this along with positive definiteness as another property that follows from the definitions? The Absolute value article reads much better, witha section of fundamental properties and another for derived ones. MisterSheik 03:03, 17 July 2006 (UTC)
- ||u ± v|| ≥ | ||u|| − ||v|| | is indeed a derived property and followw very easily from the triangle inequality. Positivity is much more crucial and not as easy to derive and I think it should stay in the definition. Oleg Alexandrov (talk) 17:28, 17 July 2006 (UTC)
- I still like the the way "absolute value" reads, and think that this article could benefit from immitating that model. My view is that all of the derived properties worth mentioning should be mentioned together. Also, I think that the positive definiteness is not that hard to derive :) (from 1, p(0)=p(0*u)=0*p(u)=0, and then let u=-v in 2, where p(-v)=p(v) from 1). MisterSheik 18:59, 17 July 2006 (UTC)
- It is not worth the trouble spending time on the derivation, I think. Also, the absolute value article is different. There all the properties are consequences. Here are are talking about how to define an abstract concent like norm. Oleg Alexandrov (talk) 02:35, 18 July 2006 (UTC)
- I still like the the way "absolute value" reads, and think that this article could benefit from immitating that model. My view is that all of the derived properties worth mentioning should be mentioned together. Also, I think that the positive definiteness is not that hard to derive :) (from 1, p(0)=p(0*u)=0*p(u)=0, and then let u=-v in 2, where p(-v)=p(v) from 1). MisterSheik 18:59, 17 July 2006 (UTC)
- As MisterSheik points out, the derivation of positivity is rather trivial. The adjective "crucial" is subjective. All properties are crucial when you need them. The question comes down to this: what is fundamental and what is derived? If a derived property is included in a definition, then it must be verified each time one needs to check that a definition holds. It might be helpful to compare the definition of a linear transformation with the definition of a seminorm, with and without positivity. To show a linear transformation T is linear, we do not have to verify that T(0) = 0. Jenny Harrison (talk) 15:37, 18 July 2006 (UTC)
- Leave the discussion of which definition to be followed officially. First of all, Did you people check completely the if and only if condition?? I think you are talking only one way i.e. "||v||=0 if v=0" , but not "||v||=0 only if v=0". so positive definiteness is compulsary!!
- As MisterSheik points out, the derivation of positivity is rather trivial. The adjective "crucial" is subjective. All properties are crucial when you need them. The question comes down to this: what is fundamental and what is derived? If a derived property is included in a definition, then it must be verified each time one needs to check that a definition holds. It might be helpful to compare the definition of a linear transformation with the definition of a seminorm, with and without positivity. To show a linear transformation T is linear, we do not have to verify that T(0) = 0. Jenny Harrison (talk) 15:37, 18 July 2006 (UTC)
- A similar discussion is going on at talk:metric space about the need for the positivity axiom. Oleg Alexandrov (talk) 00:50, 19 July 2006 (UTC)
- I would have done it already if this discussion hadn't taken place, but since it has, I'll put it up for comment here first. In the definition, I propose to replace "3. p(v) = 0 if and only if v is the zero vector (positive definiteness)" with "3. if p(v) = 0 then v is the zero vector (separates points)", since the other direction follows from axiom 1. JumpDiscont (talk) 01:10, 1 October 2010 (UTC)
- Since there were no comments, I made the change. JumpDiscont (talk) 05:39, 16 October 2010 (UTC)
The terminology "positive homogeneity" is misleading, especially since the article then links to a different and much more common definition of 'positive homogeneity'. This property should be called 'symmetry' or possibly 'symmetric homogeneity'. Cerberus (talk) 13:15, 26 July 2013 (UTC)
- Apparently the preferred term is "absolute homogeneity" ([1]). I will make the edit. Cerberus (talk) 18:20, 28 August 2013 (UTC)
- ^ Advanced Statistics: Volume 1: Description of Populations By Shelby J. Haberman, p.46
Perhaps there is a L_(-infinity), with a unit circle of a cross (0 width)? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 22.214.171.124 (talk) 04:01, 5 December 2006 (UTC).
- what quite sure what you mean by inf there. if you consider the Lp norm on say R2, with p < 1. this is not really a norm since the unit sphere is not convex. as p tends to 0, the unit circle probably looks more and more like a cross. Mct mht 09:03, 5 December 2006 (UTC)
Taxicab, 1-norm, and hypercubes.[edit]
Regarding edits. I didn't confuse hamming distance with the taxicab norm. My interpretation is not incorrect, hamming distance and 1-norm are equivalent reductions(HAMMING ≤ 1-norm). You could consider the hamming distance to be the 1-norm of the binary vertex representing the difference between two vertices on a Hypercube graph. (hamming(A, B) = "1-norm"(A-B) or "1-norm"(A⊕B)). In addition Hamming_distance states "and the Hamming distance of the strings is equivalent to the Manhattan_distance between the vertices." and you can see that "Manhattan distance" is redirected to Taxicab_geometry. These two concepts are very similar and indeed they are reducibly equivalent. --ANONYMOUS COWARD0xC0DE 10:01, 3 January 2007 (UTC)
- you're right, on the hypercube the hamming distance and the l1 distance are the same. however, the rest of the article is using vector spaces over the reals as examples. i think introducing the hamming distance at that point in the article confuses the reader. perhaps you could make a breakout section on norms for vector spaces over other fields ({0,1} in the case of the hypercube). Lunch 19:31, 3 January 2007 (UTC)
- Meh I thought I would add it, but it is a little bit off topic I agree. --ANONYMOUS COWARD0xC0DE 00:53, 10 January 2007 (UTC)
Don't understand norm of W + v[edit]
In the part where it talks about how every seminormed vector space induces a normed vector space V/W, I don't understand the formula (||W+v|| = p(v)) that is given for the induced norm on V/W. For one thing, what does it means to add the vector space W to the vector v?
- W + v denotes an element of the quotient space V/W; it's the equivalence class [v]. say we're in R^3 and W is a 2-d subspace, then W + v is the affine plane obtained by translating W by v. we should also check that the definition (||W+v|| = p(v)) is independent of the representative v. Mct mht 03:49, 6 July 2007 (UTC)
Minor cleanup needed[edit]
There are a lot of names for various norms. We need some cleanup to clarify this. There's "Euclidean norm", L2, taxicab, etc. It should be made clear in the introduction which of these is which and some of the redirects need to be looked into. For example L1 norm redirects neither here nor to Lp space. —Ben FrantzDale 00:53, 11 October 2007 (UTC)
To add to this cleanup request, I find a paragraph in the discussion on Hamming distances which refers to B-norm and F-norm without any hints as to what they are. 184.108.40.206 (talk) 13:29, 16 September 2014 (UTC)
Rhomboid → square?[edit]
The L1 circle is described as a rhomboid when it is a square. Any objections to fixing this? --Vaughan Pratt (talk) 19:22, 26 June 2008 (UTC)
Proposal: Merge Uniform norm to here[edit]
Just as Euclidean distance has an article and Euclidean norm redirects to a section in Norm (mathematics), so should Chebyshev distance continue to have an article and Uniform norm redirect to a section here that's prsently missing. Let's merge it in. This is an alternative to the proposal to merge Chebyshev distance into Uniform norm, which seems backwards to me. Dicklyon (talk) 20:33, 21 September 2008 (UTC)
- Disagree. The uniform norm is a big concept of mathematical analysis. I would support merging Chebyshev distance here, since it is just a finitary special case, under the general principle of making abstract concepts central. Charles Matthews (talk) 20:39, 21 September 2008 (UTC)
- You would merge Chebyshev distance into Norm (mathematics)??? And where do you get this general concept of making astract concepts central? Seems like a bad idea to me. Dicklyon (talk) 20:49, 21 September 2008 (UTC)
- As Charles Matthews says, the uniform norm is a very important concept in analysis, and deserves its own article.
- (Among concepts it refers to are uniform convergence and L∞ space.)
- It should certainly have a section here, but it should also have a longer main article.
- I don't think separating "norm" and "distance" helps – they're very closely linked, and, unlike for Euclidean distance and norm (which are very common concepts), few people will care about the one and not the other.
- As for whether the finite and infinite case should be separate articles or merged into one article, I have no strong feelings – I think they're very close and should go together, but one can reasonably argue that the R2 case and the function space case are conceptually pretty far.
- Nils von Barth (nbarth) (talk) 00:19, 22 September 2008 (UTC)
- Don't merge. I've noticed that making single, large articles that try to "say everything" are daunting for the reader (lots and lots to read, which can be discouraging), and are difficult for editors to maintain (since large articles get frequent revisions, and as a result, little but important parts of the article get chipped away, and are lost, because no one notices, because they're hidden by the large changes.). Smaller articles are more easily monitored for deleterious changes.
Also, norms are not 'almost the same as' distances. Metrics have to satisfy the triangle inequality, there are plenty of norms that fail do so, and thus cannot be used to define a metric. These are not interchangeable concepts.Silly me, what was I thinking of? Something else, clearly.linas (talk) 01:33, 9 November 2008 (UTC)
Semi-* vs. Pseudo-*[edit]
Note that in some contexts, the term "semi" is used when the triangle equality doesn't hold. In some cases, it is used synonym to "pseudo" (non-zero vectors of length 0 allowed). However these don't necessarily fall together (at least not for distance functions), do they? E.g. euclidean-like distance in a torus space (using the shortest path on the torus) doesn't fulfill the triangle equality, but the condition d(x,x)==0 <=> x=x holds. Unfortunately these terms are totally mixed up in all the related articles here on wikipedia. 220.127.116.11 (talk) 16:35, 24 November 2008 (UTC)
I would like to second this. The current article other wikipedia articles are not clear on pseudonorms and seminorms. 18.104.22.168 (talk) 15:58, 25 March 2016 (UTC)
The p-norm formula for 0 < p < 1 is "also valid" in what sense???[edit]
The article defines the p-norm of a vector x in the usual way -- as the pth root of the sum of the pth powers of its components.
Two lines later it states, referring to this definition:
"This formula is also valid for 0 < p < 1, but the resulting function does not define a norm, because it violates the triangle inequality."
Agreed that it violates the triangle inequality. But I do not understand what "the formula is also valid" means here. Simply that the formula can be evaluated, i.e., that it makes mathematical sense? In that case, why exclude negative values of p ? (And why not also mention what happens when p -> 0 and when p -> -oo ?)Daqu (talk) 06:55, 26 December 2008 (UTC)
Weighted norm[edit]
I could not find an article or any mention of the following norm,
where A is positive definite matrix, and () is the inner product. Does this norm have a name in English? (Igny (talk) 15:38, 18 January 2009 (UTC))
- That's not a norm. Do you mean ? If so, I don't know a name for it. Algebraist 20:51, 18 January 2009 (UTC)
- It is sometimes called the Energy norm. I think it is in my Springer Functional Analysis graduate text. —Ben FrantzDale (talk) 21:51, 19 January 2009 (UTC)
To add to the overall clarification in the examples section, it might be a good idea to add some numerical examples in with all of the symbolic examples. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 188.8.131.52 (talk) 13:03, 28 April 2009 (UTC)
Length and the norm[edit]
regarding this in the introduction: The Euclidean norm assigns to each vector the length of its arrow. Because of this, the Euclidean norm is often known as the magnitude. Isn't the "length" of the arrow determined by the norm? Is there anything really more fundamental about "length"? The statement seems circular. 18.104.22.168 (talk) 16:26, 20 September 2009 (UTC)
- It is trying to be friendly to readers who already know what "length" means but came here to find out what "norm" means. So the point is "you already know one norm under the name 'length', it is called the Euclidean norm". Zerotalk 01:08, 21 September 2009 (UTC)
"Almost norm"[edit]
I find it instructive to link to related concepts that answer the question "What if you remove axioms?". In particular, I am curious about what happens when you drop axiom 1 from the definition of norm? Do you get a function that defines a metric? I think so, but am not sure...
Metric requires:
- For all x, y, z in X, this function is required to satisfy the following axioms:
- d(x, y) ≥ 0 (non-negativity)
- d(x, y) = 0 if and only if x = y (identity of indiscernibles. Note that condition 1 and 2 together produce positive definiteness)
- d(x, y) = d(y, x) (symmetry)
- d(x, z) ≤ d(x, y) + d(y, z) (subadditivity / triangle inequality).
- The first condition is implied by the others.
Norm requires:
- For all a in F and all u and v in V,
- p(a v) = |a| p(v), (positive homogeneity or positive scalability)
- p(u + v) ≤ p(u) + p(v) (triangle inequality or subadditivity).
- p(v) ≥ 0, with p(v) = 0 if and only if v is the zero vector (positive definiteness).
- A simple consequence of the first two axioms, positive homogeneity and the triangle inequality, is p(0) = 0 and thus
- p(v) ≥ 0 (positivity).
The thing that throws me is the note at the end of the "norm" axiom. It seems that criterion 3 is prescribing positive-definiteness. But the note says positivity and non-degeneracy (in the sense that ) is implied by the first two "norm" axioms. If so, then all axiom 3 adds is definiteness. Is that right?
If all of axiom 3 is required, then dropping axiom 1 seems to leave you with a function, p, still defining a metric, . However, if criterion 3 is really a note, implied by axioms 1 and 2, but not an axiom defining "norm", then criterion 3 would fail if we remove axiom 1 and so "a norm without criterion 1" wouldn't define a metric without criterion 3.
Why is axiom 3 so long if much of it is implied by axioms 1 and 2?
Which axioms can be removed from "norm" to still get something that defines a metric? —Ben FrantzDale (talk) 15:13, 28 January 2010 (UTC)
equivalence of norms missing from article[edit]
One of the key properties of norms is that they are all equivalent up to constant factors. In particular, if and are two norms, then there exist some positive constants C1 and C2 such that:
for all x in a vector space (for the same constants). As a consequence, it doesn't matter what norm you pick if you don't care about constant factors, which is very convenient for proving lots of asymptotic bounds, talking about stability of algorithms, etcetera. This is discussed e.g. in Trefethen and Bau, Numerical Linear Algebra.
(At least, this is true for finite-dimensional vector spaces; I'm not sure about the infinite-dimensional case.)
(Proof in brief: prove that any norm is continuous, reduce to considering the unit ball by dividing by , then invoke fact that continuous functions achieve their maxima and minima on a compact set to obtain C1 and C2.)
Anyway, it seems like this should be mentioned somewhere.
— Steven G. Johnson (talk) 02:58, 15 March 2010 (UTC)
Norm of a complex number[edit]
It's possibly a simple oversight, but complex numbers all have norms, or at least that was what Euler called for the complex number x + iy. And yet this article has no section on complex number norms. The complex number wiki has a section on how to compute this value for complex numbers, but doesn't CALL it a "norm," but rather modulus, absolute value, or magnitude. But if a complex number is considered a vector, then obviously its magnitude is the norm. Has the Euler usage entirely gone by the wayside?
It's not obvious how to compute a complex norm, as you multiply by the complex conjugate, which means you essentially disregard the quantity i. If you didn't, and included it, you'd get a different kind of norm (the Minkowski norm). Is there something in the terminology here that I'm missing? Obviously I'm no mathematician. SBHarris 01:55, 8 April 2010 (UTC)
- Nevermind, I found my answer in the article on absolute value. The Euclidian norm of a complex number is indeed the absolute value of it, if the complex plane is identified with the Euclidean plane R2. I'll stick that in here, someplace.SBHarris 22:16, 20 April 2010 (UTC)
Imaginary numbers a vector space?[edit]
Regarding this edit [1] I don't believe 0 is an imaginary number, so the imaginary numbers are not an abelian group. much less a vector space. — Carl (CBM · talk) 10:44, 27 October 2010 (UTC)
- Arguable, but I suppose the ambiguity doesn't help. I'll revert, although the real numbers really aren't a good example of a vector space over a field, if the field is also the real numbers. — Arthur Rubin (talk) 14:17, 27 October 2010 (UTC)
plus or minus[edit]
A moment ago I wrote in an edit summary
- an n-sphere is the surface of an (n-1)-ball.
And after clicking, of course, I noticed that I meant (n+1)-ball. Oh well. —Tamfang (talk) 21:25, 11 July 2011 (UTC)
row sum? column sum?[edit]
User:Rheyik recently added:
- The one norm is simply the maximum column sum of absolute values.
- The infinity norm is simply the maximum row sum of absolute values.
Uh, what? I guess these definitions concern something fancier than the plain old vectors that appear to be the context of the rest of the article. —Tamfang (talk) 01:20, 12 December 2011 (UTC)
- I haven't checked the article, but those are quick ways to calculate the operator norm of a matrix acting on vectors with the p-norm for p=1 and p=∞. |A| = max( |Av|/|v| : v ≠ 0 ). JackSchmidt (talk) 17:38, 12 December 2011 (UTC)
Why does Pseudonorm redirect to this page, when the page doesn't mention "Pseudonorm" anywhere? I have seen pseudonorm used in the sense of the Hamming-distance from 0, but there maybe other conventions. It would be nice to mention it, even if only to say that there is no consensus on the terminology. Lavaka (talk) 14:35, 20 April 2012 (UTC)
I improved the Notation section and put it after Definition section which is a more logical place for it.
I removed the claim that set cardinality is a norm and should be noted by double vertical bars because I cannot see how sets would make up a normed vector space (if there is a natural way to do it, it would be interesting to know) and single-bar notation is also much more common for cardinality.
I removed the claim that denoting norm by single bars is generally discouraged. Actually, the the only case where I have encountered the single-bar notation is the case of Euclidean spaces, and for them, such usage is widespread, so a statement that it has been discouraged should be backed up by an authoritative source. I also removed the suggestion of denoting matrix norm with double vertical line since matrix spaces are special cases of vector spaces and I haven't seen their norms being denoted otherwise. (I personally do not see a problem with norm being confused with absolute value in case of Euclidean spaces, since the Euclidean norm in 1-dimensional space is exactly the absolute value. For matrices, I would rather blame the notation of determinant with single bars as a source of confusion, since for the usual matrix norms, the norm of a 1-by-1 matrix is the absolute value of its only element but it may differ from the determinant of the matrix by sign.)
If someone knows some sources where norms on generic vector spaces or matrix spaces or some other specific spaces are denoted by single bars and can find a source that such notation is discouraged, then such suggestions can be added back to the Notation section. Jaan Vajakas (talk) 16:30, 14 September 2012 (UTC)
All algebraic vector spaces over subfields of are normable[edit]
I removed the claim "Although every vector space is seminormed (e.g., with the trivial seminorm in the Examples section below), it may not be normed." since it is not true (for vector spaces over subfields of ). Indeed, for a field F, algebraic vector spaces over F are characterized by the cardinalities of their Hamel bases. For a vector space Hamel basis , , where A is an arbitrary (possibly infinite) set, we can consider any p-norm w. r. t. the basis, e. g. the 1-norm . Jaan Vajakas (talk) 17:07, 14 September 2012 (UTC)
It wasn't my idea to include it...
But the more formal equation is:
— Arthur Rubin (talk) 21:34, 7 January 2013 (UTC)
- It was my idea. I agree on the correctness of your formal equation. Maybe it is better to use it to avoid confusion about the power that has to be applied component-wise. --User:Bugmenot10 —Preceding undated comment added 13:29, 8 January 2013 (UTC)
- There is the presentation question of whether the expression I used (only clearly usable for a zero component if p ≥ 2), or:
- usable for a zero component where p > 1. Also, in theory, this is a little complicated for WP:CALC, so it would need a source. — Arthur Rubin (talk) 15:10, 8 January 2013 (UTC)
- There is the presentation question of whether the expression I used (only clearly usable for a zero component if p ≥ 2), or:
Lateral click[edit]
To Quondum: an example of the confusion of symbols is the ‖Xegwi language redirect, which I just worked with today and which prompted me to mention the confusion here in this article. – Paine 16:57, 9 May 2015 (UTC)
- To Paine Ellsworth: I fail to see what confusion you are referring to. To think that someone might see the symbol for a lateral click, and say to themselves "oh, that maybe means the norm as used in mathematics, let's look that up" seems a little far-fetched. Context distinction would be enough to eliminate any confusion, and out of context they are just symbols. You have not given any Unicode codepoint for the lateral click either (as has been given for the parallel symbol, and which is evidently U+x01C1), so I can't figure out the disambiguation intent. The disambiguation of Unicode symbols itself is moot anyhow, since Unicode does not assign semantics to symbols; it only provides the symbol, its codepoint, a general categorization and a brief name. It does not prescribe when or in what contexts they should be used. In fact, the alternative description appears to be "double pipe", and in this sense it would be perfectly usable to indicate the norm. I'm not particularly trying to go against what you want to do, it is just that I can't see the point/value of the addition. —Quondum 18:04, 9 May 2015 (UTC)
- I should have been more clear, Quondum. As you know, the two different symbols each have their own article, and each have what appear to be identical redirects that target those articles:
- In the first case, I just today disambiguated the norm symbol, because it targeted Magnitude, a dab page that contains this article. Since the symbol is mentioned on this page, I thought of this page as the best target of the ones on the Magnitude page. The redirect example I gave above is a title that should begin with the lateral clicks symbol, but instead it was created with the norm symbol leading it off. Someone caught this and moved the page to a title that uses the correct symbol. This is a case where the norm symbol was used in error because it was confused with the lateral clicks symbol. Thank you for finding the Unicode – I've added it and the HTML code to the paragraph. Hope this helps. – Paine 18:54, 9 May 2015 (UTC)
- Okay, I see you're coming at it from the direction of "Here is this symbol, what does it represent?" – there may even be wikilinks that confiuse them. From that perspective I guess that it makes some sense. Ideally, each symbol should direct to an article about the symbol (or a category of symbols), not about what it is used to represent, but until we have that, I guess this is the best approach. —Quondum 19:55, 9 May 2015 (UTC)
- Thank you! and Best of everything to you and yours! – Paine 23:52, 9 May 2015 (UTC)
- Okay, I see you're coming at it from the direction of "Here is this symbol, what does it represent?" – there may even be wikilinks that confiuse them. From that perspective I guess that it makes some sense. Ideally, each symbol should direct to an article about the symbol (or a category of symbols), not about what it is used to represent, but until we have that, I guess this is the best approach. —Quondum 19:55, 9 May 2015 (UTC)
I removed references to a "B-norm" (which as far as I can tell just means "norm") and attempted to clarify the meaning of "F-norm" in this article. The definition, from Rolewicz's book is the one I gave in the article, i.e. it is just where d is a distance in an F-space. That's not very satisfying and Rolewicz also gives some intrinsic conditions, namely is an "F-norm" if: iff x=0; ; and the triangle inequality holds.
I didn't feel like writing these out in the article, largely because I am unsure that this F-norm business belongs in here. Maybe it should go onto the F-space article, but I'm not really qualified to work out whether it is significant or interesting.
While tidying I also tried to make the language a bit less judgmental. I don't know what "some engineers" means - I think that some mathematicians also call things norms when they aren't norms. Anyway. 126.96.36.199 (talk) 14:20, 24 November 2015 (UTC)
The article doesn't mention the process of normalization, although it would seem to be relevant. 126.96.36.199 (talk) 05:15, 28 December 2016 (UTC)


text:
Charlie Sheen critiques shows: 'Maybe I just needed a bigger challenge'
In an exclusive interview with E! News, Charlie Sheen has offered a critique of his first two stand-up shows. And taken a few shots at Michigan. God love him.
"There's a couple things here I've got to f---ing work out," Sheen said. "I don't know if I start the show alone and it turns into this [a Q&A format] or I just say with this 'cause it's f---ing working and we'll f---ing return to it if I don't."
The star of Wall Street, Major League and Platoon said he reworked his show entirely after he booed in Detroit.
"Yeah, we talked about it on the bus coming back, tons of input, then when I got back to the hotel and I wrote, we started writing, just to get some thoughts out, some feelings out, just some stuff that would be interesting, just stories, you know, themes, whatever, just bullet points," said Sheen. "Maybe I just, you know, needed a bigger challenge."
What can fans expect? A lot more Q&A.
"We've already got [questions] submitted and we say, you know, so-and-so from f---ing Bakersfield or Loserville, f---ing Michigan, wants to know," he said.
Chicago fans lustily cheered "Detroit sucks!" before Sheen's appearance. And Charlie was more than happy to embrace the mitten-state bashing, telling one disruptive fan to "Go back to Detroit, dude" during the show. Sheen's next tour stop is Tuesday night in Cleveland. He's scheduled to perform in Tampa at the St. Pete Times Forum on April 22.


text:
Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton — that shining beacon of integrity and knowledge of the law who last year told Texas county clerks they did not have to abide by the U.S. Supreme Court's ruling on marriage equality and who last month was sued for securities fraud in civil court by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (he is already facing state criminal fraud charges — today issued a statement in support of North Carolina Gov. Pat McCrory.
Paxton released his statement after McCrory announced he is suing the U.S. Department of Justice so he can keep his discriminatory bathroom bill. The DoJ had given McCrory until the close of business today to explain his plan for flushing the bathroom bill or risk losing billions in federal funding for his state.
U.S. Attorney General Loretta Lynch is expected to hold a press conference any minute now to announce what enforcement action the federal government will take against North Carolina.
Here's what AG Paxton had to say:
"The people of the United States, through their representatives in Congress, enacted the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to ensure, in part, that men and women are treated equally. Congress has not changed this law to mean that individuals may choose whether they want to be male or female for the purpose of public accommodations. One's sex is a biological fact, not a state of mind, and this threat to North Carolina is the latest in a long series of efforts by an unaccountable federal executive branch. My office stands with Governor McCrory and the people of North Carolina regarding this unconstitutional form of federal overreach."
May we suggest that AG Paxton crawl into the 21st century and come to terms with the fact that GENDER is not binary and neither is it necessarily defined by biological genitalia.


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Free admission to all GRCC athletic games! For a schedule of upcoming events, or for more information, please visit the Athletics Department website for more information.
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5 Foods You Can't Miss at the LA County Fair
A miniature version of Randy's Donuts in the model railroad town at the LA County Fair.
You can't actually order a cinnamon crumb from this outpost of Randy's Donuts, a miniature version of the iconic shop (complete with cop car parked in front!) housed in the model railroad town at the LA County Fair. There is, however, real food at the LA County Fair. Lots of it.
In fact, food may be the fair's main attraction, though the dinosaur pavilion is a close second. (We do enjoy the LA County Fair's low-budget attempts to imitate Disneyland.) Though we've lauded Chicken Charlie for his fried Kool-Aid, fried brownies and FryBQ Ribs, there are other vendors clogging their grease traps and our arteries. Full photo gallery here or gut-achingly curated list after the jump..
5. Tasti Chips: They're just fried potato discs, but they're freshly fried potato discs. A wisp thicker than potato chips, a hair thinner than fried potato rounds, you can get them with bacon cheese sauce.
4. Fried Dill Pickles: Hot, salty pickle juice sounds gross, and most of the pickle chips we've ever tasted confirm that snap judgment. These ones at the county fair have just the right combo of breading and brine to bring the concept to life.
3. Pork Chop On A Stick: The name says it all. It isn't fancy, but it delivers what it promises: a juicy, grilled pork chop in a convenient handheld format.Next Page
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Another gem has Bulls in Big East semis
Strong senior pitching for the second night in a row has USF in strong position in the Big East championships, advancing to Friday's semifinal action after Chris Delaney and Shaun Sanford combined for a three-hitter in a 2-0 win against top-seeded St. John's.
Not only do the fifth-seeded Bulls (34-24) get today off, but they need win only one of two games Friday to make it to Saturday's championship game. Delaney's outing came one day after starter Danny Otero threw a three-hitter in a 2-1 win against Pittsburgh. The two tournament wins greatly help the Bulls' chances of landing an at-large berth in the NCAA Tournament.
Delaney took a one-hitter into the seventh inning but got into trouble there, giving up a double and hitting a batter. Sanford got the job done in relief -- after inheriting runners at first and third with one out, he got a pop foul and strikeout to preserve the 1-0 lead. Sanford gave up one hit in 2.2 scoreless innings of relief, striking out four.
USF's first run came from its first batter of the game, as Walter Diaz got on with a bunt single, advanced on a walk to Dexter Butler and scored on a two-out double by Addison Maruszak. Butler was thrown out trying to score from first.
The Bulls haven't won more than one game in a conference tournament since in Conference USA in 2002, the last time USF played in the NCAA Tournament. The last time the Bulls opened a conference tournament with two wins, they were in the Metro, winning the league championship under Eddie Cardieri in their last year in the conference in 1995.
USF will play Friday at 1 against the winner of Thursday's game between St. John's and eighth-seeded Connecticut. That team would have to beat USF twice Friday to keep the Bulls out of Saturday's championship game.


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text:
The Tipp Foundations' 2012 annual report will arrive in every area mailbox within the next few days. Be on the lookout for your copy. It represents the sole annual community-wide communication from the Foundations.
Why is that? "It's expensive to produce," said Dr. Jim Ranft, the Foundations' volunteer leader. "But at the same time we feel that it is an important message to get out. It's worth the price."
"What a sense of hometown pride the report stirs," said Mike Lightle, a long-time member of the board.
The message covers three distinct sectors, each one with a very specific connection to Tipp City.
"The report simplifies what may appear complicated," said Heather Bailey, editor and volunteer. "It is a year in review of the grants, the endowment funds that grants are awarded from, and of the donors who assure our future through estates or current-year gifts."
The report will be hard to miss. Bold bursts of orange-toned photos dash across the cover and the 2012 report is the largest format produced by the Foundation to date.
One photo that stands out is of Tipp City's Old City Hall. It is by Terry Glass using a Canon DSLR on a tripod. It was taken in Sept 2012 using light painting, a photographic technique involving keeping the camera lens open for 30 seconds and using a flashlight with a red filter. Using this technique, photographers can artificially "paint" to obtain the unusual color. Some enhancement with the color was also achieved in Photoshop. The photo won Second Place in the Troy-Hayner Cultural Center's "Then and Now — How Do You See It?" contest in December 2012.
Additional photos laid atop Glass' are by another local photographer, Andrea Nay. Nay's work appears perennially in the Foundations' reports.
For more information about the Foundations, visit the web site at www.tippfoundation.org. Want to know how you can get involved? Contact Jim Ranft at 667-1270.
# # #


text:
NASA just gave a quick, inadvertent illustration of why it's not a slam-dunk decision to send astronauts on a spacewalk to go fix the gouge in the shuttle's underside.
Astronauts Rick Mastracchio and Clay Anderson were outside, configuring components of the space station, when Mastracchio noticed he had cut through one of the outer layers of his left glove.
The cut was in the left thumb. Mastracchio was told, as a precaution, to go back to the station's airlock, so that they could repressurize quickly if his suit began to leak oxygen. Anderson was told to come back in as well. The men were about five hours into a six-hour EVA, and were running ahead of schedule, so they had finished most of the work planned for them.
"The gloves were good. I don't know where this hole came from," Mastracchio told controllers in Houston.
Since the end of the EVA, Mastracchio has reported "a couple of little pinholes" in the Vectran layer of his right glove as well.
The gloves have five layers. The outermost is a laminated cover over some parts for thermal protection, and the second, made of a synthetic polymer called Vectran, protects against cuts and scuffs. That's what was damaged.
Beneath that is a layer of nylon, and then a layer of rubber that actually keeps air inside the suit. Finally, there's a fabric liner so that the astronaut's skin doesn't rub against the rubber bladder layer.
Vectran, used for all sorts of things from parachute cords to helicopter rescue cables, makes for a protective glove, but also a clumsy one. NASA's been trying to come up with a more comfortable design for years, and recently held a contest to invite ideas from the public.
Another astronaut, Robert Curbeam, found a cut in the Vectran layer of his glove after he came in from a spacewalk last December. Since then, astronauts have been told to check their gloves every half hour during a spacewalk.
How does this figure into whether to fill in the gouge in that heat-shield tile? It's a reminder that spacewalks carry their own risks. The greater one is that an astronaut, in that big, clumsy suit, might bang against other tiles on the way to fixing the one in which they were interested. See our interview with astronaut Piers Sellers, posted earlier today.
NASA's John Shannon made it sound like they felt pretty satisfied that a tile repair would not be necessary--one test suggested that the air swirling into the gouge would not reach a temperature of 350 degrees F. Aluminum, a little of which is exposed, melts at 1,200 degrees at sea level. But they wanted to see one more test result, and at last word, we were told not to expect a decision today.
(NASA Photo: Astronaut Robert Curbeam in December, during a space walk on the STS-116 mission.)


text:
Leigh is only one hour's drive north of Auckland city, yet it is a place you want to stay longer. At the Goat Island Marine Reserve see the abundant marine life including large snapper, just off the beach, by snorkelling, diving or the glass bottom boat. Learn more about the marine life and reserve at the Goat Island Marine Discovery Centre and visit the Ti Point Reptile Park which caters to all ages. See activities.
A range of food that includes fresh, delicious snapper can be enjoyed at the Sawmill Cafe or the Leigh Bar. Stay longer in one of the accommodations – camping, bed and breakfast or self-contained.
Beautiful coastal, bush and farm walks include Leigh Harbour, Matheson Bay bush, Mt Tamahunga and the regional parks at Tawharanui, Scandretts, Mahurangi and Pakiri. Beaches include surf at Pakiri and Omaha and sheltered swimming at Matheson Bay.
Check out the wildlife page to see more about local birdlife, whales, dolphins and other marine life seen here. Kayaking and fishing are other local options.
Join our newsletter as above.
Events coming up…


text:
Drury William KELLY was born in 1847 in , Christian, Kentucky. He married Margaret Elizabeth CANSLER in 1873 in , Lyon, Kentucky.
Margaret Elizabeth CANSLER [Parents] was born on 16 Jul 1857 in , Christian, Kentucky. She married Drury William KELLY in 1873 in , Lyon, Kentucky.
They had the following children:
F i Missouri E. KELLY was born about 1874 in , Lyon, Kentucky. [Notes] F ii Nancy J. KELLY was born about 1876 in , Lyon, Kentucky. [Notes] M iii Joseph H. KELLY was born about 1878 in , Lyon, Kentucky. [Notes]
Hillary Lack WARD was born about 1879 in , Scott, Mississippi. He married Louise Mabel HENRY.
Louise Mabel HENRY [Parents] was born about 1875 in , Neshoba, Mississippi. She married Hillary Lack WARD.
Cynthia BIGHAM [Parents].Cynthia married Jonathan VINSON.
Vinson WOOD was born in , Rowan, North Carolina. He married BIGHAM.
BIGHAM [Parents] was born about 1795 in , Smith, Tennessee. She died before 1841. She married Vinson WOOD.
They had the following children:
F i Elizabeth WOOD
Elizabeth WOOD [Parents].Elizabeth married James A. GRIFFIN.
Thomas CHANEY.Thomas married Sarah KEEL.
Sarah KEEL [Parents] "Texas" was born in Sep 1874 in , Williamson, Illinois. She married Thomas CHANEY.
William Alonzo KEEL [Parents] "Lon" was born in Sep 1875 in , Williamson, Illinois. He married Martha CHANEY.
Martha CHANEY.Martha married William Alonzo KEEL.
Daniel WATSON.Daniel married Nora Albertine KEEL.
Nora Albertine KEEL [Parents] was born in Oct 1877 in , Williamson, Illinois. She married Daniel WATSON.
Elmer Ellsworth KEEL [Parents] was born on 22 Feb 1882. He married Anna Rebecca BUTLER.
Anna Rebecca BUTLER.Anna married Elmer Ellsworth KEEL.
George W. KEEL [Parents] was born in May 1883 in , Williamson, Illinois. He married Emma GUNTER.
Emma GUNTER.Emma married George W. KEEL.
Census Records | Vital Records | Family Trees & Communities | Immigration Records | Military Records Directories & Member Lists | Family & Local Histories | Newspapers & Periodicals | Court, Land & Probate | Finding Aids


text:
The KTN infographic
View the Knowledge Transfer Network infographic to see the full range of our services and where transports fits in the 'innovation landscape'.
Our Mission
We live in exciting and interesting times and in the UK we have a significant opportunity to become a world leader in the design, development and deployment of integrated transport systems. The mission of the Transport community at the Knowledge Transfer Network is to support the development of integrated, efficient and sustainable transport systems, by bringing together independent but interrelated organisations to stimulate innovation through knowledge transfer.
As an independent organization focusing on the key challenges of lightweighting, intelligent mobility and energy efficiency across surface transport, we bring together expertise and technology from across automotive, rail and marine sectors to share challenges, ideas and best practice. Through stimulating innovation we will improve the integration, efficiency and sustainability of the transport system as a whole.
In coming together around these key challenge areas, synergies are realised, markets aggregated and barriers are overcome.
Click below to visit our key groups


text:
Tempe PD: Lost ASU mountain hiker foundPosted: Updated:
The search for a missing Arizona State University lost in the Superstition Mountains is over.
Tempe Police Sgt. Michael Pooley said Michael Kmit, 21, was found after a daylong search in the mountains. He was found without food and water and with minor injuries.
Kmit, who is from Minnesota, was last seen Saturday, Pinal County Sheriff's Office spokesperson Tim Gaffney said.
At about 4:30 a.m. Sunday, Tempe police reported him missing. Officers provided descriptions of his vehicle, equipment and gear.
Kmit was believed to be wearing a short-sleeved shirt and blue jeans.
PCSO patrol units located a vehicle matching the description near the Peralta Trailhead on Sunday morning, Pinal County Sheriff's Spokesman Tim Gaffney said.
Search and rescue teams were contacted. The Maricopa County Sheriff's Office was instructed to search from First Water Trailhead toward Peralta.
An Arizona Department of Public Safety air unit was also requested to help search for the man.
Stay with cbs5az.com and CBS 5 News for updates on this developing story.
[Text BREAKING to 23765 to get news alerts on your mobile phone]
Copyright 2013 CBS 5 (KPHO Broadcasting Corporation). All rights reserved.


text:
"Is this large enough for a King bed?"
Get it. You won't be disappointed....
All Season Damask Stripe White Down Comforterby Blue Ridge Home Fashions
ITEM#: 14197856Sleep in cozy comfort under this luxury white down comforter. Bedding features a 290 thread count microfiber cover.
- Cover material: 100-percent polyester
- Type of down: White down
- Construction: Baffle box construction
- Thread count: 290
- Fill power: 600
- Care instructions: Dry clean only
- Warmth rating: Lightweight
- Outer design: Damask Stripe
- Color options: White
- Self piping
- Twin: 68 inches wide x 88 inches long with 21 ounces of fill
- Full/Queen: 88 inches wide x 88 inches long with 28 ounces of fill
- King: 104 inches wide x 88 inches long with 34 ounces of fill
Down and feather-filled products are packed tightly during shipping. Upon receipt, remove them from their packaging, fluff gently, and allow several hours to recover their full loft. In addition, being sealed in plastic packaging sometimes causes the scent of these natural products to concentrate to a disagreeable level. A few hours of airing usually removes the odor.
We recommend that this blanket is fluffed at least once a week to maintain down distribution.
The digital images we display have the most accurate color possible. However, due to differences in computer monitors, we cannot be responsible for variations in color between the actual product and your screen.
|Microfiber, Polyester
|Warmth Rating
|All Season
|Care Instruction
|Dry Clean
|Fill Type
|Product Features
|Duvet Insert
|Full - Queen, King, Twin
|See Details
|Model Number
|Country of Origin
|United States
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Customer Reviews
Most Helpful
Princess and the Pea
So I'm weird when it comes bedding, years of hand me down sheets that pilled and caused sleepless nights. created a need for top notch, AMAZING sheets and comforters but I'm still not rich which is why I purchased this comforter. So here's the thing... it's not Cotton, I know... my dumb fault for not noticing that it clearly says 100% poly. The problem with poly is it doesn't breath the way cotton does. If you live in the lower southeast and it's summer time, it gets a little warm. Plus it's plus Poly... eewww! It feels like low-end satin. See told you, bedding SNOB. Also this comforter is a little noisy. It's saving grace and why I am NOT returning it. I use a duvet cover, 100% Egyptian cotton. The weight of the fill in the comforter is amazing and it's evenly filled. All down comforters are a little noisy, it's called quality and it can be heard. And the extra warmth in the winter will be great. So would I recommend it, No. I would persuade you to go with cotton but is this a terrible product No, It's alright. Just wish it was cotton, then it would be perfectRead More
Love this comforter - warm as toast and pretty to look at!Read More
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Just ok
I was super disappointed. This comforter is not very thick or fluffy the picture is very deceiving.Read More
Get it. You won't be disappointed.Read More
Beautiful... Just what we needed!Read More
Love it, as long as I am not making the bed.
What an awesome comforter. Very soft, warm but not too warm. I was looking for a spring weight and this is perfect. The only issue is that it slides around so much in the duvet cover it makes it harder to make the bed. Luckily I am off to work before my wife is up so I never have to make the bed.Read More
Works for me
I like this down comforter! It's not too hot but also not to cold. I live in North Dakota and it keeps me quite warm. I like that it has individual squares so all the feathers are all separated. The only thing I don't like is the way it feels on my feet I know that sounds weird but it's just on my feet and it feels rough. But I sleep under sheets so its not too big of a deal.Read More
Questions & Answers
Hello ASWAHN, you can choose the king size from the drop down options menu. Thanks for shopping with us!
"Why did you choose this product?"
Good price and good fill number
all season, good reviews
"Is this 100% Down?"
Thank you for shopping with us dcli. It is at least 75% down cluster; the other 25% is down fiber, feather fiber and feathers. Have a great day.
"What company made this comforter?"
Unfortunately, we are unable to disclose manufacturer information on some of our products. However, be assured that we fully stand behind the products we sell.
Shopping Tips & Inspiration
Down Comforter Buying Guide
Down-filled comforters provide more than just warmth and coziness during the cold winter season. These bed comforters complement your bedroom decor while helping to create an inviting ambiance that can guarantee a good night's rest.
How to Wash a Down Comforter
Cleaning a down comforter is not like doing regular laundry. There are special steps for washing your comforter that will allow you to clean it properly and greatly extend the life of the down bedding. Follow these steps to keep your comforter clean and comfortable for years to come.
Duvet Cover Buying Guide
A duvet cover is a protective fabric cover that slips over your down comforter or duvet insert, just like how a pillowcase works with a pillow. If you have any kind of duvet insert or comforter, a duvet cover is a worthwhile investment for a number of reasons. Read on for helpful information about the benefits of having a duvet cover, including things to consider before buying one and how to use it best once you have it.
Down Comforters vs Down Alternative Comforters
Your comforter adds style to your room, welcomes you into your bed at the end of the day. Shop and save money on comforters at Overstock.com.
Duvets vs Down Comforters
When you're decorating a bedroom, bedding is one of the most important choices. Duvets and down comforters look similar, but have different benefits. Before you choose, make sure your selection suits your climate, budget, decor style, and laundry preferences. With the right bed covering, you can sleep comfortably and enjoy easy maintenance.
Best Way to Wash a Down Comforter
Bedding sets filled with real or alternative down are snugly and soft, and they keep you warm when there's a chill in the air. It's hard not to love your down comforter, but no matter what size comforter you place on your bed, at some point, it accumulates too much grime and requires a good washing. Before you attempt to clean it, read these helpful tips for properly cleaning your cozy bed cover.
How to Choose the Best Down Comforter
The right down comforter can add a truly special touch to your bedroom. Shop and save money on the best bedding at Overstock.com
Duvets Buying Guide
From thread count to construction, duvets must suit your comfort level. Shop and save money on the duvets at Overstock.com
How to Pick a Down Comforter
A quality down comforter keeps you cozy and warm in bed. Shop and save money on down comforters at Overstock.com
How to Pick the Right Fill for Down Comforters
How to Pick the Right Fill for Down Comforters from Overstock.com. Our guides provide customers with information about how to pick the right fill for down comforters.
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text: Mad Hatter is an enemy of Batman named Jervis Tetch who uses mind-controlling hats. He is a delusional mental patient in Arkham Asylum nearby Gotham City, obsessed with Lewis Carroll's novel Alice in Wonderland and naming himself after one of the main characters. He has been a member of the Secret Society of Super-Villains, the Secret Six and the Wonderland Gang. Mad Hatter was created by Lew Sayre Schwartz and Bill Finger, first appearing in Batman #49. (1948)


text:
a rewarding ticket app
low price guarantee
ticketsdownload for 750
$20 off first order!
The Consol Energy Center is located at 1001 Fifth Avenue in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It resides in the 15219 zip code.
For ice hockey games, the venue has a capacity of 18,387. For arena football games, it holds 16,280. For concerts, it has a capacity of 19,758.
Ground broke in August of 2008, with the venue officially opening on August 18, 2010.
The Consol Energy Center is home to the Pittsburgh Penguins of the NHL and Pittsburgh Power of the AFL.
By Car
From the North via 79 South or 28 South
Take 279 South to 579 South and follow signs to Consol Center (Veterans/Liberty Bridge). Continue to the Consol Center/6th Avenue Exit and make a left at the light to arrive at the Consol Energy Center.
From the South via 79 North
Take 79 North to 376 Business towards Pittsburgh. Head through the Ft. Pitt Tunnel and bear right towards Monroeville. Take the first exit on the left (Grant Street) to 7th Avenue and turn right to arrive at the Consol Energy Center.
From the East via 22 West and 376 West
Take 22 West to 376 West through the Squirrel Hill Tunnel. Take the Grant Street Exit to 7th Avenue and turn right to arrive at the Consol Energy Center.
From the West via 22 East and 376 Business
Take Route 22 East to 376 Business through the Ft. Pitt Tunnel and bear right towards Monroeville. Take the first exit on the left (Grant Street) to 7th Avenue and turn right to arrive at the Consol Energy Center.
By Public Transportation
A number of bus routes make stops along Fifth Avenue near Consol Energy Center and outbound stops along Forbes Avenue. These routes include 61A East Pittsburgh-Wilkinsburg, 61B Braddock-Swissvale, 61C McKeesport-Homestead, 61D Murray, 71A Negley, 71C Point Breeze, 71D Hamilton, and 500 Highland Park-Bellevue.
There are six (6) main parking areas available for guests traveling to Consol Energy Center by car. They are the Garage, Melody Tent Lot, and North, South, East and West Lots.
Price varies in each lot is connection to proximity to the venue. Daytime parking typically ranges from $6-$8 in all six lots.
There are three main gates accessible to the public when entering Consol Energy Center. They are the Verizon Gate, which is located at the northwestern section of the venue, the Trib Total Media Gate, which is located at the southwestern section of the venue, and the American Eagle Gate, located at the southeastern section. The Verizon Gate is the closest gate in proximity to the largest number of parking lots Consol Energy Center offers.
Guests may only carry clear plastic or vinyl bags that do not exceed the size of 12 inches x 6 inches x 12 inches. One-gallon clear plastic freezer bags (Ziploc) will be permitted as well as small handbags and purses. Staff personnel have the right to check all bags at random before guests enter the venue. Failure to comply with staff will result in being denied access into the Consol Energy Center.


text:
Nagarjuna's films run very well in Vizag area. So the star wanted to release the audio albums of his current film, Greekuveerudu, in Vizag city but police refused to give permission. Then he planned a big event in Hyderabad, same problems cropped up due to the death of a fan at Baadshah audio function.
And finally, they opted for a regular venue of Shilpa Kala Vedika, which is safer and easily manageable. So Hyderabad police gave permission and the audio launch date has now been fixed. The event will be held on April 3rd.
The final days shoot of the movie is going on at Rama Naidu cine village. Nagarjuna romances Nayanathara in the film. The romantic entertainer is directed by Dasaradh. S S Taman has given the music.


text:
County Line Christian Church
The second Christian Church organized in Georgia.
Organized app 1828 in a doctor's shop.
Organizers of church were Lynch, Moody, Leach, Westmoreland and others.
Original structure built in 1843, Present building erected in 1848 and remodeled in 1875.
CHARTER MEMBERS - Robert Westmoreland, John G. Westmoreland, Hiram Travis, George Lynch, Jr., Charles Bailey,
Perry Hicks, William Tidwell, William Westmoreland, George Lynch, Sr., Isham Moody, Pendleton Cheek, Bennet Hicks, Mark W. Westmoreland, Plinney Perdue, Robert Moody, Lain Matin, William Fears, James A. McGee, Calvin Westmoreland, John Hicks, James W. Lynch, John A. Swan, Josiah Pyron, Iauintas C. Grice, Burrell Hicks
FIRST OFFICIAL BOARD - Pastor, Nathan Smith
Elder, Augustus B. Fears
Nathan Smith, Augustus B. Fears, Isham Moody, Harrison Jones, W. L. Marshall, D. A. Brindle, R. E. Helsabeck, A. J. Mise, Frank Adams, Koel D. Hardigree, C. C. Goodson, Rev. Ramsey, Linton Poss, Charlie Brooks, L A. Digby, C. L. Durham, C. H. Tucker, M. J. Hibbs, Neal Morris, Arvey Arnall, T. T. G. Linkous
View Photos of Church & Cemetery
This Page was last updated on -02/28/2013
Compilation Copyright Linda Blum-Barton
2010-Present - All Rights Reserved.


text:
Niall Horan Looks Cute With Supposed Girlfriend Amy Green [PHOTOS]
According to reports, the band's Irish hottie, Niall Horan, has found himself a lady. Niall quietly started dating 20-year-old student Amy Green not too long ago and the two have really hit it off.
In fact, as soon as Niall got back to England from One Direction's album promotion tour, the first thing he did was get together with Amy. I wonder if he and Zayn Malik are gonna start double dating anytime soon? So what is it about Ms. Green that has so capture young Niall's heart?
Apparently it's the fact that she doesn't care he's famous. One source told the Mirror, "She has a normal life and doesn't pay much attention to any fuss. He likes that." Ladies, take note: all a cute famous guy wants is a girl to tell him that the fact he plays sold out shows isn't that big of deal. I think I could that.
So how long do you think Niall and Amy are gonna last? They look pretty happy together, but you know the perils of young love. Launch the gallery to check out all the photos of the new couple and tell us what you think of them in the comments. Side note: not really digging Amy's hat. But that is neither here nor there.


text:
Welcome to the corporate site for Petty's Garage. This site will guide you to the correct channel for all business related communications. We have an outstanding team and strive for excellence within our industry. If you or your company believes you have beneficial offers to the Petty brand, please contact through the emails provided. We look forward to hearing from you.
Richard Petty and the Petty's Garage Crew


text:
PowerColor Radeon HD 4830 Graphics Card
Far Cry 2
Version and / or Patch Used: 1.01
Timedemo or Level Used: Ranch Long
Developer Homepage: http://www.ubi.com/
Product Homepage: http://www.farcry2.com/
The Dunia Engine was built specifically for Far Cry 2 by the award-winning Ubisoft Montreal development team. It delivers the most realistic destructible environments, amazing special effects such as dynamic fire propagation and storm effects, real-time night-and-day cycle, dynamic music system, non-scripted enemy A.I. and so much more.
At Very High we can see the HD 4830 is right on the edge of that important 30 FPS barrier. With just a little tweaking there, we won't have any problems breaking the 30 FPS minimum. If you put a bit more time in to finding that sweet spot, you should be able to break the 30 FPS minimum at 1920 x 1200.
PRICING: You can find products similar to this one for sale below.
United States: Find other tech and computer products like this over at Amazon's website.
United Kingdom: Find other tech and computer products like this over at Amazon UK's website.
Canada: Find other tech and computer products like this over at Amazon Canada's website.
- Page 1 [Introduction]
- Page 2 [The Package]
- Page 3 [The Card]
- Page 4 [Test System Setup and 3DMark Vantage]
- Page 5 [Benchmarks - PT Boats: Knights of the Sea]
- Page 6 [Benchmarks - CINEBENCH R10]
- Page 7 [Benchmarks - World in Conflict]
- Page 8 [Benchmarks - Crysis Warhead]
- Page 9 [Benchmarks - Far Cry 2]
- Page 10 [Benchmarks - S.T.A.L.K.E.R. - Clear Sky]
- Page 11 [Benchmarks - Left 4 Dead]
- Page 12 [Benchmarks - High Quality AA and AF]
- Page 13 [Benchmarks - World in Conflict - XP]
- Page 14 [Benchmarks - Far Cry 2 - XP]
- Page 15 [Benchmarks - S.T.A.L.K.E.R. - Clear Sky - XP]
- Page 16 [Temperature and Sound Tests]
- Page 17 [Power Consumption Tests]
- Page 18 [Final Thoughts]
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- Hear the difference feel the beat of the DRUM


text:
SFNM and SFO give us two shows in which we trust.
Two compelling concerts in eight short days—take note of this really, really big finale to Santa Fe New Music's 2009- 2010 season that's winding up this week. Numero uno: a 4 pm program on June 19 at the New Mexico History Museum's intimate auditorium featuring the music, world premiere included, of Missy Mazzoli. The second: a concert at the Santa Fe Opera's Stieren Orchestra Hall, 6 pm on June 26, of recent work by Lewis Spratlan, whose Life is a Dream premieres at the SFO.
I asked John Kennedy, SFNM's founding artistic director, to characterize Mazzoli, a major addition to the burgeoning group of younger New York-based composers.
"You hear a distinctive voice with powerful melodic strength. Missy combines lyricism with driving rhythmic energy. And she's not afraid to use a tonal vocabulary," he says.
SFNM's June 19 concert features four of her works including that premiere, "Death Valley Junction" for string quartet. Commissioned by the SFNM CoMission Club, the piece takes its name and inspiration from a desolate ghost town Mazzoli encountered during a Western road trip.
"I've always been attracted to extremes of setting, of tone, of personality. 'Death Valley Junction' qualifies. Oddly, the town has a tiny opera house where dancer and actress Marta Becket has done onewoman shows since 1967. That's another attraction: those heroic loner women who've headed off for empty places. I'm writing an opera, due in 2012, based on the notebooks of Isabelle Eberhardt," Mazzoli says.
"Rhythmic devices also fascinate; I borrow from the gamelan. Five years ago, I took up 'lo-fi' electronics. That's sampling the sounds of everyday objects like power tools and hedge trimmers. Tuning, also. I love the nostalgic sound of tinny pianos and jangling guitars."
Summing up, she comments, "Beethoven came first for me, and he's still there. And all that schlocky, hearton-your-sleeve stuff appeals. I guess I'm trying to combine familiar sounds with the super-unexpected. Major triads don't scare me."
Back to Kennedy on Spratlan: "Richly layered music from a composer with a dense idiom. We're programming recent works, quite distant from his 1978 opera's atonality. He likes color and abrupt mood shifts. The music is melodramatic, episodic. If I had to find a single word, it might be 'perceivable.'" There'll be three pieces on the Stieren Hall program: "Streaming" for piano quartet; a piano work, "Wonderer"; and "Of Time and the Seasons," a song cycle for soprano and string quartet.
Spratlan comments on his musical manner, "I like my work to be challenging and welcoming at the same time. Music should entertain even when it's rigorous.
"Primarily, I'm a melodist working with a pan-tonal vocabulary that keeps making referential shifts. There's a richness that I can enhance with contrapuntal play—musical lines working independently of each other. And I value humor. So much new music is too long in the face."
Getting down to specifics: "'Streaming' is a sort of anti-pun. Don't think internet. Think about that Joycean halfway world where the buzz of consciousness gets bumped around by kaleidoscopic dream images. At the end, there's a musical yawn. And then you wake up."
Spratlan's "Wonderer," despite its title, is not especially Schubertian (although you'll hear a quote from the B-flat piano sonata). It's a one-movement, fourpart fantasy filled with interruptions. A country-Western waltz shows up, there's some jazzy stride piano, a little salsa, and then the last piece of Spratlan's compositional jigsaw puzzle falls into place.
Finally, "Of Time and the Seasons": austerity and Northern coolness mark its setting of seven Finnish poems, climaxing in the sixth, "The Muster," a mother's bitter lament for her soldier-son's departure.
It's a severe work, but one Kennedy calls "spare and very lovely."
And then Spratlan comments, apropos of music organizations' programming timidity, that they "should put more trust in audiences." Santa Fe, be happy with SFNM's forward-looking programming. This outfit trusts us.


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Berlin (Dec. 16)
Heinrich Heine, Germany's poet who during his lifetime and after death was declared to be a Jew in spite of his Baptism and was denounced by German Nationalists, was not of Semitic origin, but of Aryan blood, according to Dr. Paul Koerner who printed an article to this effect in the various publications of the anti-Semitic Voelkishe Party.
According to Dr. Koerner, Heine was the natural son of a Prussian aristocrat and a Jewish mother. To prove his thesis he quotes Heine as speaking about his "deep native German feelings" and says that every one "even the bitterest opponent of the Jews finds in Heine's work so many references which give every Aryan heart a rate and joyful purely German sensation".


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Full Tilt Poker faces 'Ponzi charge' in US
US authorities have accused the owners of online gambling site Full Tilt Poker of operating a huge Ponzi scheme that defrauded players out of $440m (£289m).
Among those accused of receiving money from the alleged scheme were famous poker stars, said attorney Preet Bharara in a statement.
"Full Tilt was not a legitimate poker company, but a global Ponzi scheme," she said.
No one from Full Tilt was available for comment.
The firm, along with two other online poker companies - PokerStars and Absolute Poker - was charged with money laundering and illegal gambling in April.
Additional charges have now been filed alleging that Full Tilt is a Ponzi scheme, a type of fraudulent investment, and naming professional poker stars Christopher Ferguson and Howard Lederer as recipients of money.
The two men, who US news agencies reported were not available for comment, were among the directors of the company.
The Justice Department said Full Tilt "defrauded players by misrepresenting that their funds on deposit in online gambling accounts were safe, secure and available for withdrawal at any time.
"In reality, Full Tilt Poker did not maintain funds sufficient to repay all players, and in addition, the company used player funds to pay board members and other owners more than $440m since April 2007," it said.
Ms Bharara added: "Full Tilt insiders lined their own pockets with funds picked from the pockets of their most loyal customers while blithely lying to both players and the public alike about the safety and security of the money deposited with the company."
Although online gambling gambling is illegal in the US, internet poker remains a multi-billion-dollar industry because companies use a variety of ways to flout the law, including locating operations offshore.
Full Tilt is based in the Channel Island of Alderney.