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Sleep Disorders
Volume 2013 (2013), Article ID 891090, 5 pages
The Association between Sleep and Injury among School-Aged Children in Iran
1Center for Nursing Care Research and School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Rashid Yasemi Street, Valiasr Avenue, P.O. Box 19395-4798, Tehran 19964, Iran
2School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Rashid Yasemi Street, Valiasr Avenue, P.O. Box 19395-4798, Tehran 19964, Iran
Received 8 April 2013; Revised 8 July 2013; Accepted 7 August 2013
Academic Editor: Pillar Giora
Copyright © 2013 Forugh Rafii et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Background. A good night's sleep plays a key role in diseases resistance, injury prevention, and mood stability. The objective of this study was to examine relationship between sleep problems and accidental injury occurrences in school-aged children. Method. A retrospective study was conducted for comparing two groups of children. Children who have experienced injuries for at least two times during an academic year are the participants in the injury group (IG) and those who have not experienced any kind of injuries are placed in the noninjury group (NIG). Data was collected through parent-reported sleep patterns and problems using Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ). Findings. The findings showed that global sleep problems were more in the IG than in the NIG. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the daytime sleepiness and sleep duration are the two major reasons for accidental injury. In addition, significant difference was seen between the sleep patterns of the two groups. Sleep duration was also shorter in the IG, and this group had a greater percentage (63% versus 41.1%) of "short sleepers" (<9 h). Conclusion. There is a significant relationship between injury occurrence and sleep problems and sleep duration in Iranian school-aged children.
1. Background
Adequate sleep with regard to both quality and quantity is among the basic needs of human beings and plays a significant role in the physical, emotional, and cognitive development of children [1]. Sleep is regulated by complex and interacting biological and circadian processes, and sleep patterns also depend on physical, psychological, and environmental factors [2, 3]. Children's sleep patterns and habits in particular are influenced by external factors such as culture, health-related behaviors, parenting practices, and social interactions within the family. For example, caregivers' beliefs and their understanding of the meaning and importance of sleep may not only have direct effects on children's sleep patterns but may also impact parents' interpretation of sleep behaviors and their willingness to address problematic behaviors with their healthcare providers [2, 4, 5].
Sleep disturbances and irregular sleep patterns in childhood often lead to daytime sleepiness and short- and long-term consequences [2, 6], including somatic complaints such as headaches [7] and mood and neurobehavioral problems such as irritability, hyperactivity, and inattention [8–10]. The psychological and behavioral consequences may in turn result in increase in family and peer conflicts and parenting stress. Cognitive sequelae including poor impulse control and increased distractibility not only have potentially profound effects on academic achievement but may also have impacts on their life quality [11].
Many studies have been carried out regarding the relationship between sleep disturbance and injury in adults. for example, a number of studies have examined the relationship between insomnia and occupational [12–14] and driving accidents [15, 16] in adults. However, similar empirical evidence remains sparse for children [17–20]. In a study conducted in a pediatric emergency department, Valent et al. [20] reported a correlation between injury rates and sleep duration. In another emergency room study, Owens et al. [18] reported an relationship among accidental injuries, increased injury risk behaviors, and sleep problems in children [18]. Li et al. reached the same result in school-aged children [17]. Schwebel and Brezausek [19] study showed a relationship between the trauma occurrences and sleep disorders and night waking in toddlers [19].
Studies show that over the past twenty two years, deaths from accidents have been the second leading cause of death in Iranian children [21–23]. Iranian children were found to have more sleep problems compared to the American children and their sleep duration on average was 1.5 hour shorter than that of their American counterparts across all age groups. School start time is 8 a.m. in Iran and often children go to bed in irregular time at nights. Sleep time of children often is not very important for parents. Normally children and parents donot have different bed times and they usually sleep at the same time.
If sleep disturbance is associated with an increased risk of accidental injuries as the previous studies have shown, the increased rates of sleep problems in Iranian children may be one of the factors contributing to these high injury rates. Because little work has been conducted with respect to this potentially important and modifiable relationship between sleep behavior and injury in Iran, we conducted this study to explore the relationship between sleep problems and injuries in school-aged children from an urban area of Iran.
The aim of this retrospective case-control study was to examine the association between parent-reported sleep problems and accidental injuries in a sample of school-aged children in Iran. Our hypotheses were (1) children who have experienced accidental injuries at school will be more likely to have reported daytime sleepiness compared to children without injuries and (2) children who have experienced accidental injuries will have more parent-reported sleep problems compared to the noninjured group.
2. Methods
2.1. Subjects
All subjects were recruited from 17 elementary schools serving approximately 5000 students in Tehran, Iran. Participants were 400 school-aged children of 6–11 years old who live in a two-parent household in Tehran. Psychological disorders, chronic disease, ADHD, consumption of sedative or opioids/benzodiazepines/psychotropic drugs by children, and history of head trauma were considered as excluded criteria. In case of having any of the mentioned conditions in the child's health report in school or parents' reports during filling out the questionnaire, that specific child was not considered as a participant anymore.
All Iranian children go through a medical test before they start any academic year and the report will be recorded and kept in the school. Children are insured at the beginning of the academic year. In case of any injury incidence in school, primary therapeutic actions will be performed by school nurses and in case of more serious injuries, the school authorities will inform the child parents and the child will be sent to the clinics under contract with the school for further treatments. Since the information just related to major injuries which is needed for referral is recorded in the children's health reports, minor injuries and harms that were not reported by the child have not been considered in this study.
The injury group includes those children who have reports about accidental injuries at school and who have faced accidental injuries for at least two times or more in the school during one educational year and have been sent to clinic for basic treatments by the school nurse. The noninjury group includes those children who are at the same age and they do not have any report concerning the injuries at school until the day of the administration of the questionnaires.
2.2. Instruments Procedure
Two survey questionnaires were used in this study. The first questionnaire consists of two parts: a demographic section which includes variables such as child characteristics (age, gender, …) and parent characteristics (job, education, …). The second questionnaire deals with the questions about children's sleep problems and sleep patterns. The Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) is a validated parent-reported scale that assesses sleep behavior over a typical week and consists of 33 items grouped into eight subscales that reflect a variety of sleep domains: bedtime resistance, sleep-onset delay, sleeps duration, sleep anxiety, night awakenings, parasomnias, sleep-disordered breathing, and day-time sleepiness [24]. The CSHQ items are rated on a three-point scale: (1) "usually" if the sleep behavior occurred 5–7 times per week; (2) "sometimes" for 2–4 times per week; and (3) "rarely" for 0–10 time per week, with a higher score indicating more sleep problems. In addition, three questions regarding sleep patterns were asked about bedtime, morning wake-up time, and duration of daytime naps. Sleep duration was calculated by subtracting the reported bedtime and wake-up time, while nap duration was an actual time. Nine hours was used as a cutoff point for sleep duration in accordance to pediatric text books' recommendation of a minimum 9 h of sleep per night for this age group [25, 26].
This questionnaire was translated in to Persian previously and has been used in several studies concerning sleep habits in school-aged children in Iran. Content validity was used to estimate the scientific validity of this instrument. The reliability of the Persian version of this questionnaire was estimated as using test-retest reliability coefficient [27–29].
Procedure. Receiving the letter of introduction from university and getting approval letter from Tehran Ministry of Education and Training, the researcher was introduced to public schools by this center. Having gone to the schools and having studied the children's health reports at the end of the educational year (June 2011), the researcher prepared a list of children who faced injuries for at least two times and were taken to clinics for further treatments (from September 23, 2010, to June 21, 2012). Those children who have experienced injuries which have happened within the last 15 days were considered as participants. After calling their mothers for a written permission, the researcher asked them to fill out the questionnaire in the school where both mothers and the child were present. The mothers were asked to fill out the questionnaire by focusing on the last time that their child had an injury and they also were asked to report the sleep patterns of their child one week before the occurrence of the injury. The injury group included 218 children. Ten mothers did not fill out the questionnaire and eight questionnaires were discarded due to incompleteness. All in all, 200 questionnaires have been left for analysis.
In order to avoid selection bias, the researcher chose stratified random sampling. The populations of boys or girls were chosen in the same age group and they were matched regarding their gender and age to compromise the noninjured (NIG). The questionnaires were administered and filled out in this group just like the previous group. The mothers were asked to fill out the questionnaire by focusing on the last time that their child had an injury and they also were asked to report the sleep patterns of their child one week before the occurrence of the injury.
2.3. Statistical Analysis
SPSS (version 15) was used for statistical analyses. The -test analysis was used to determine the differences in sleep problem rates and daytime sleepiness between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the association between sleep problems (independent variable) and injury (dependent variable). Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. All statistical significance was set at .
3. Results
200 children in the case group (62 girls, 138 boys) and 200 in the control group (78 girls, 122 boys) took part in this study. Gender distribution was similar across groups , ; the average ages of the control and case groups were 8.6 ± 1.73 and , respectively, and not significantly different , . Parental occupations were also similar. 81% of mothers were housewives in both groups and 35.7% of case group's fathers and 37.5% of control group's fathers were self-employed. Comparing two groups of case and control, using test, the researcher did not find any difference regarding their age grade , , mothers' education , , fathers' education , , mothers' jobs , , and fathers' jobs , .
3.1. Sleep/Wake-up Patterns
Mean bedtime at night for the total sample was 22 : 38 (standard deviation (SD): 1.57), mean morning wake-up time was 7.55 (SD: 1.07), and mean nocturnal sleep duration was 9.45 h (SD: 1.55).
For the IG children, mean bedtime at night was 10 : 61 (SD: 1.98 h), mean morning wake-up time was 7.19 a.m. (SD: 1.13 h), and mean nocturnal sleep duration was 8.98 h (SD: 1.36 h). Sleep duration was calculated by subtracting the reported bedtime and wakeup time. For the control children, mean bedtime at night was 10.14 (SD: 0.94 min), mean morning wake-up time was 7.22 (SD: 0.88 min), and mean nocturnal sleep duration was 9.91 h (SD: 1.06 h). Of all three indices of sleep patterns, mean bed time at night , , mean morning wakeup time , , and nocturnal sleep duration , differed significantly between IG and NIG. Furthermore, 63.5% of children in the IG slept less than 9 h during the night, while only 41.1% of NIG children were reported to sleep less than 9 h , . ().
3.2. Comparisons of CSHQ
Regarding the second research hypothesis (children in IG would have a higher rate of sleep problems than children in NIG), the results were shown in Table 1.
3.3. Association of Injury with Sleep Problems in Injury Group
First, multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the association between each subscale of the 8 individual sleep problems and injury. The results were shown in Table 2.
According to the findings of this study, these five categories of sleep problems have relationship with injury occurrence. The higher they go, the higher the probability of injury occurrence will be. Based on this model, the three categories of night waking, sleep duration, and daytime sleepiness have the greatest impact on injury occurrences (exep B).
4. Discussion
Comparing the sleep patterns of the two groups, one can conclude that the children in IG sleep less than control group on average. They go to bed later than control group for various reasons and wake up earlier in the morning compared to control group. In addition, the number of short sleeper children (sleep < 9 hours) in IG was significantly greater than that of the children in NIG. Several studies have supported the mentioned results [17, 19, 20]; however Owens et al. [18], who did a research concerning children of 3–7 years old who had trauma, didn't find any significant relationship between the number of trauma occurrence and sleep duration [18].
The current study also suggests an association between sleep-onset delay, sleep duration, sleep anxiety, night wakenings, parasomnias, sleep-disordered breathing, day-time sleepiness, CSHQ total score, and accidental injuries. Li et al. [17] with similar results in their study showed that those kids with trauma experience in comparison with the ones without any experience suffer more from parasomnias, day-time sleepiness, sleep anxiety, and irregular sleep duration [17]. According to Owens et al. [18] sleep disturbance has significant relationship with the number of trauma occurrences and those children with more trauma experience suffer more from sleep disturbances such as bedtime resistance, sleep anxiety, and sleep-disordered breathing, compared to the children with less trauma experience [18]. This study supports other studies and shows that sleep anxiety is related more to trauma occurrence in school-aged children rather than other variables. Owens et al. [18] and Li et al. [17] reached similar results regarding this issue [17, 18].
The results of the current study support the existence of the relationship between sleep problems and injury occurrence in school-aged children. Perhaps exhaustion followed by parasomnias or the decrease of sleep quality was the reason concerning this issue [30]. Maybe decrease in the sleep quality and quantity could cause day-time sleepiness which would result in concentration loss, carelessness, and aggressiveness. Perhaps these conditions increased the risk of injury occurrence in school-aged children [6]. These findings do not appear to support cause-and-effect relationship between injuries and sleep problems.
It should be said that this study has some limitations. The mothers were asked to remember the sleep patterns of the week before the child's last injury while 15 days have passed since the last injury and this resulted in recall bias. Among the other factors that may have impacts on sleep pattern, one can refer to time of year. The concept of injury may vary among the parents and this should be considered as a factor as well. Since parents' definition may vary concerning the concept "injury," their reports are very subjective and what one parent may consider as a minor injury may have been considered as major by another mother. Other factors such as parenting practices, family composition, and the environment should also be considered in future studies as influential variables.
Sleep patterns may also vary in relationship to other factors, such as time of year. Variability in individual parent's thresholds for concern about injury may have also been a confounding factor in the analysis. Sleep information was based on subjective parental report. We lost data about minor and nonreported injuries. Finally, other factors such as family composition, household environment, and parenting practices may also play an important role in increased risk for injury and should be considered in future studies.
Despite its preliminary nature, the results of this study support an association between sleep disturbance and injury, among children in an urban area of Iran. Additional research is needed to further corroborate this relationship, using prospective designs, multiple observer reports of injuries and behavior, more detailed injury descriptions (e.g., time of day), and more objective and varied measures of daytime sleepiness. Our results underscore the need for screening and identification of sleep problems in children by healthcare providers and suggest that attention should be paid to sleep disturbance as a potential risk factor in children with increased injury rates. Both parents and school nurse should also be made aware of the possible association between sleep problems and injury risk as another potential consequence of inadequate and disturbed sleep.
The authors' special thanks go to Owens for giving them the permission to use the questionnaire and for her enormous help and Neda Khodaverdi for English editing of this paper. They wish to thank all the mothers and children who took part in this study.
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Thursday, March 29, 2012
Anton Batagov: Drowned Cathedral, Pt. 1
Presented by DoubleSharp. Distinguished Russian composer/pianist Anton Batagov returns to Seattle with the Drowned Cathedral project, offering three recitals with different programs each night. This first concert pairs music of Philip Glass with Debussy's Twelve Preludes. [A third concert on Sunday, March 31 at 7:30 PM - not part of the Wayward Music Series - will feature the music of J.S. Bach.]
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Watch out, Lucy Mecklenburgh, there's a new girl after Max George's affections - and she's not well known for playing nice.
The Wanted star has recently been spotted getting cosy with Jasmine Lennard, the acid-tongued model who was booted out of Celebrity Big Brother first last year due to her bossy, bad girl ways.
Jasmine, who once enjoyed a fling with Simon Cowell, was spotted sinking her claws into Max poolside at the Mondrian Hollywood Hotel last week, before they disappeared up to his hotel room. He must have wanted to show her the view! *ahem*
Explaining the hook-up to the Daily Mirror, Max's bandmate Tom Parker said: "I was in bed that day because I was hungover.
"But Jasmine was at the same hotel, so she hung out with Max by the pool. Our security guard was telling me all about her because I didn't know who she was at first. I think she was really friendly though."
And there's lot to tell - Jasmine famously shot to fame on Make Me a Supermodel in 2005, when she called the show's host Rachel Hunter "fat" and "spotty". Nice! She was also thrown off a Christmas special of Celebrity Come Dine With Me when she threatened to glass Benidorm star Crissy Rock.
Towie star Lucy was spotted smooching Max during a night out in London last month, and told co-star Sam Faiers that things were going well, explaining: "He's really nice but it's very, very, very early stages."
Let's hope Lucy never bumps into Jasmine on the celeb scene - she's terrifying!


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'Will Ramaphosa stay on dream ticket?" The Weekly Mail's Gaye Davis asked this question this day 18 years ago, just three weeks before the ANC's 1994 national conference in Mangaung.
Ramaphosa was evasive on whether he would stand for re-election as the party's secretary-general.
Is history repeating itself, as it is not clear whether Ramaphosa will abandon his business empire to be President Jacob Zuma's sidekick?
Coincidentally, the youth league then (and now) did not want him, but the then-ANC president Nelson Mandela (and now Zuma) liked him. But Mandela had to persuade him to stand.
The sulky Ramaphosa was despondent after he was overlooked as the country's deputy president, turning down Foreign Affairs cabinet post – a move that was described by Kaizer Nyatsumba in The Star as "the first error of judgment". Ray Hartley aptly summed him up in the Sunday Times: "There is some evidence that Ramaphosa tends to sulk if he doesn't get his way."
A unionist told me this week that Ramaphosa didn't like to take on any political venture in which he would lose.
This is why there was no ambiguity in 1991 when he stood for the party's secretary-general post. The 38-year-old young unionist defeated Zuma in Durban with 1 156 votes to 450 votes, with Alfred Nzo coming second at 371. Interestingly, Zuma became Ramaphosa's deputy in 1991.
This means Ramaphosa is likely to stand if he is certain that he would trounce Tokyo Sexwale, whose then PWV (now Gauteng) region backed Ramaphosa in 1994, and Mathews Phosa. Coincidentally, the three men were accused by Mbeki in 2001 of plotting to topple him.
Again, why would Ramaphosa leave his burgers and millions?
Perhaps he eventually wants to become president. In an interview with the Sowetan in April 1996, after he resigned as secretary-general of the ANC, Ramaphosa said: "I think presidents are made of sterner stuff. Being part of the ANC collective, we are not accustomed to saying this is my ambition. It is the ANC that finally decides what we should be and where we should be".
Should he become the party's deputy president, he will be leading an organisation that he knows very well. He has never left the party's national executive committee.
Ramaphosa, was the first secretary-general to warn the unbanned ANC that the party was riddled with problems that made it difficult to govern effectively. In his 1994 report, he told delegates that the party's internal structures were in a mess, branches were weak, and that the party's senior leadership was "depleted".
So Gwede Mantashe's concerns on the state of the party is nothing new.
However, Ramaphosa's performance as secretary-general was not that spectacular, according to an internal assessment document leaked to the Weekly Mail in 1993. It accused Ramaphosa of being inaccessible to the branches and that he had no links with the leagues. But he was an excellent negotiator who ushered in a new constitutional deal. Mandela felt Ramaphosa would dilute the ANC's Xhosa-dominated top leadership. Is the Zuma camp nominating Ramaphosa for the same ethnic reason?


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Tilehurst is a suburb of the town of Reading in the English county of Berkshire. It lies to the west of the centre of Reading, and extends from the River Thames in the north to the A4 main road in the south. The suburb is partly within the boundaries of Reading Borough and partly in the district of West Berkshire. The part within West Berkshire forms part of the civil parish of Tilehurst, which also includes the northern part of Calcot (formerly a hamlet) and a small rural area west of the suburb.
The 2011 census recorded 9,155 residents in the Tilehurst ward of Reading Borough, an area of 2.10 square kilometres (0.81 sq mi).
Wikipedia gives a summary of the ownership of the local manors of Tilehurst and Kendrick. This information can also be found in complete form in The Berkshire section of The Victoria History of the Counties of England, vol 3
Throughout the 19th century, a number of changes came to Tilehurst. A national school was founded in 1819 to provide education to children not in private schooling. Theale became a separate ecclesiastical parish in 1832, and a separate civil parish in 1894. The Great Western Railway main line was built through Berkshire in 1841; Tilehurst's railway station opened in 1882.
By 1887, the boundaries of Reading included parts of Tilehurst. In 1889 a large part of the parish was transferred to Reading, and further areas were transferred to the County Borough of Reading in 1911.
In the 1920s and 30s, many new houses—-particularly semi-detached residences—-were built in Tilehurst. This gave the need for improved utilities; electricity arrived in the 1920s (only gas lighting was available in the area from 1906) and a new water tower was built in 1932. After World War II, Tilehurst—-like many other settlements—-was in need of new housing; from 1950 many houses and estates were built in the area.
Until the late 19th century, the majority of working men in Tilehurst were employed in farming or similar agricultural work. The main industry associated with Tilehurst, however, was the manufacture of tiles. The industry was present in the district until recent times; the 1881 UK census listed a number of men as being employed as brickmen in kilns in the area. Written evidence of brickwork can be traced to the 1600s, but with the peak of production at around 1885. Kilns were established at Grovelands and Kentwood—-both to the east of the the village of Tilehurst—-with clay pits being dug on Norcot Hill in an area now known as The Potteries.
For more information, see the EN Wikipedia article Tilehurst.
Research Tips
Online Historical References
Nineteenth Century Local Administration
English Jurisdictions is a webpage provided by FamilySearch which analyses every ecclesiastical parish in England at the year 1851. It provides, with the aid of outline maps, the date at which parish records and bishops transcripts begin, non-conformist denominations with a chapel within the parish, the names of the jurisdictions in charge: county, civil registration district, probate court, diocese, rural deanery, poor law union, hundred, church province; and links to FamilySearch historical records, FamilySearch Catalog and the FamilySearch Wiki. Two limitations: only England, and at the year 1851.
During the 19th century two bodies, the Poor Law Union and the Sanitary District, had responsibility for governmental functions at a level immediately above that covered by the civil parish. In 1894 these were replace by Rural and Urban Districts. These were elected bodies, responsible for setting local property assessments and taxes as well as for carrying out their specified duties. Thses districts continued in operation until 1974. Urban districts for larger municipalities were called "Municipal Boroughs" and had additional powers and obligations.
Poor Law Unions, established nationally in 1834, combined parishes together for the purpose of providing relief for the needy who had no family support. This led to the building of '"union poorhouses" or "workhouses" funded by all the parishes in the union. The geographical boundaries established for the individual Poor Law Unions were employed again when Registration Districts were formed three years later. In 1875 Sanitary Districts were formed to provide services such as clean water supply, sewage systems, street cleaning, and the clearance of slum housing. These also tended to follow the same geographical boundaries, although there were local alterations caused by changes in population distribution.


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There's been plenty of ugly on the field at PPL Park this summer due to the Philadelphia Union's inability to put the ball in the net for weeks at a time. The ladies of the Lingerie Football League will attempt to give you something a bit more appealing to look at on the pitch next summer as the Philly Passion will play two home games at the soccer stadium in Chester on June 15 and July 13.
You may remember back in 2009 when we were lucky to get a full report and photo gallery of a Philadelphia Passion game in Trenton from friend of the Level Mark K.
The Passion held a press conference in Chester this morning and linebacker Angela Perfetto (@PassionSorella9) took the opportunity to give fans a preview as seen above.
Related But Not Really Related
The Lingerie Football League also says it fired some of its refs due to incompetence. Where did those refs end up? In the NFL of course!
Because of the LFL's perception
it is that much more critical for us to hire officiating crews that are
competent, not only for the credibility of our game but to keep our
athletes safer. Due to several on-field incompetent officiating we chose
to part ways with with a couple crews which apparently are now
officiating in the NFL. We have a lot of respect for our officials but
we felt the officiating was not in line with our expectations.
We have not made public comment to
date because we felt it was not our place to do so. However in light of
tonight's event, we felt it was only fair that NFL fans knew the truth
as to who are officiating these games


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Adfreak found the ultimate comment to this Nike ad, where Tiger Woods father, Earl Woods, asks a few questions before he returns to golf. Take it away maestro:
"Using the out-of-context words of your dead father in an attempt to clean up your image just might be more offensive than nailing dozens of hookers across the U.S. while your wife raises your kid." —Jason Piroth, 4/8/10
Nike Weiden + Kennedy


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Anticipating plug-in hybrid vehicle energy impacts in California: Constructing consumer-informed recharge profiles
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) can be powered by gasoline, grid electricity, or both. To explore potential PHEV energy impacts, a three-part survey instrument collected data from new vehicle buyers in California. We combine the available information to estimate the electricity and gasoline use under three recharging scenarios. Results suggest that the use of PHEV vehicles could halve gasoline use relative to conventional vehicles. Using three scenarios to represent plausible conditions on PHEV drivers' recharge patterns (immediate and unconstrained, universal workplace access, and off-peak only), tradeoffs are described between the magnitude and timing of PHEV electricity use. PHEV electricity use could be increased through policies supporting non-home recharge opportunities, but this increase occurs during daytime hours and could contribute to peak electricity demand. Deferring all recharging to off-peak hours could eliminate all additions to daytime electricity demand from PHEVs, although less electricity is used and less gasoline displaced.
If you experience problems downloading a file, check if you have the proper application to view it first. In case of further problems read the IDEAS help page. Note that these files are not on the IDEAS site. Please be patient as the files may be large.
|Date of creation:
|01 Apr 2010
|Contact details of provider:
| Postal: 2028 Academic Surge, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616
Phone: (530) 752-6548
Web page: http://www.escholarship.org/repec/itsdavis/
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References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
- Bunch, David S. & Bradley, Mark & Golob, Thomas F. & Kitamura, Ryuichi & Occhiuzzo, Gareth P., 1993. "Demand for clean-fuel vehicles in California: A discrete-choice stated preference pilot project," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 27(3), pages 237-253, May.
- Axsen, Jonn & Burke, Andy & Kurani, Kenneth S, 2010. "Are Batteries Ready for Plug-in Hybrid Buyers?," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt7vh184rw, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
- Kurani, Kenneth S & Turrentine, Tom & Sperling, Daniel, 1994. "Demand for electric vehicles in hybrid households: an exploratory analysis," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 1(4), pages 244-256, October.
- Bettman, James R & Luce, Mary Frances & Payne, John W, 1998. " Constructive Consumer Choice Processes," Journal of Consumer Research, Oxford University Press, vol. 25(3), pages 187-217, December.
- Axsen, Jonn & Kurani, Kenneth S. & Burke, Andrew, 2010. "Are batteries ready for plug-in hybrid buyers?," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 17(3), pages 173-182, May.
- Kurani, Kenneth S. & Turrentine, Tom & Sperling, Daniel, 1994. "Demand for Electric Vehicles in Hybrid Households: An Exploratory Analysis," University of California Transportation Center, Working Papers qt1c29r4hr, University of California Transportation Center.
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Dropship Tips: A Beginner's Guide to SEO for Ecommerce
For those new to dropshipping, SEO stands for Search Engine Optimization and, in short, allows search engines to find a specific website. Keywords are essential for SEO, and it is recommended that good keywords that point directly to a product or type of product being sold be used in the title, URL, and 5-7% of the content of a retail site.
News: New Google Algorithm Pushes Out Bad Merchants
Google is modifying the way retailers appear on searches. In the past, retailers appeared based on relevance; however, Google is now taking into account customer reviews, with those businesses receiving negative reviews falling to the bottom of the list. Google claims that they will monitor reviews to be sure that authentic comments are being made. This should be a reminder to all e-retailers to place an emphasis on good customer service.
Online holiday sales are up 12%
Online sales are up 12% from this time last year. This is most largely attributed to free shipping offers. There was a 20.8% increase on free shipping orders the last week of November from the same week in 2009. Retailers continue to have success offering free shipping as the average order with free shipping is 30% higher than an order that does not include free shipping.
Fraud protection is the top concern for online shoppers, says a new study
In a survey asking consumers to consider fraud protection, product search availability, and a website's ease of use, 30% stated that fraud protection is the most important attribute. The three sites consumers were to focus on included eBay, Overstock.com, and Zappos.com. 78% of those surveyed considered eBay to have the best fraud protection as well as the most attractive site layout and least amount of glitches.
SEO Tips for Google Instant That Will Help Your Dropship Business
Google Instant shows search results as the searcher is typing. Online retailers need to adapt SEO in order to be seen with this new search enhancement, and the following four suggestions are offered to assist with this adaptation. Make sure the website is up-to-date and will catch a viewer's attention, include well-written meta-descriptions, write descriptive alt tags, and compose enticing header tags.


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But is it possible? For a demo account it can be handy. Because visitors, can change the vistor account, so the next visitor can't login. And the owner of the demo can't recover the password. The problem for me is that I only have 2 database users. So i can't afford is to lose one. Tjibbe > To: t(dot)b(dot)rijpma(at)student(dot)tudelft(dot)nl> CC: pgsql-novice(at)postgresql(dot)org> Subject: Re: [NOVICE] REVOKE on ALTER USER, DROP USER > Date: Sun, 8 Jul 2007 12:22:58 -0400> From: tgl(at)sss(dot)pgh(dot)pa(dot)us> > Tjibbe <tjibbe(at)hotmail(dot)com> writes:> > Hello, Is het possible tot REVOKE the ALTER USER command? In such a way tha=> > t users cannot change their password and username? And also cannot delete t=> > hemeself with DROP USER?> > Ordinary users (those without superuser or createrole privilege) can't> do any of that except change their own password ... and I don't see a> particularly good argument for preventing them from doing that.> > > Now I solve the problem in PHP, to filter de SQL query string behore sendin=> > g to postgresql as follows:> > If you're allowing untrusted sources to provide chunks of SQL to be> executed directly, you've got problems far worse than this one.> > regards, tom lane> > ---------------------------(end of broadcast)---------------------------> TIP 4: Have you searched our list archives?> > http://archives.postgresql.org Jouw nieuws: wereldnieuws! Beleef 't op MSN.nl _________________________________________________________________ Zoek met Live Search en ervaar het verschil. Test het NU, klik hier! http://www.live.com/?mkt=nl-nl
Next: From: Frank Bax Date: 2007-07-08 19:45:52 Subject: Re: distinct doesn't work Previous: From: Tom Lane Date: 2007-07-08 16:22:58 Subject: Re: REVOKE on ALTER USER, DROP USER


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LXer: Want to understand open source? Live with its developers
Published at LXer:
Let's say you want to understand what makes free and open source software (FOSS) so vital todayand what makes those who write it so committed to their difficult work. How would you do this?
Read More...
|All times are GMT -5. The time now is 01:49 AM.


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Make-A-Wish grants an Amarillo teen her dream day
Mon, 25 Aug 2014 02:27:47 GMT —
14-year-old Kara is an avid reader. So when the Make-A-Wish foundation contacted a local Barnes and Noble store about granting an Amarillo teen her wish of books, there was no hesitation. Jim Gleason, from Barnes and Noble off of Soncy Rd was excited to surprise the teenager with some of her favorite things.
"Everybody has been extremely excited. We've been planning this for a couple days," said Jim Gleason.
Upon entering the store, Kara was given the most recent Nook and was able to fill it up with lots of e-books, games and whatever else she deemed fit.
Gleason said in his 10 years of working at this Barnes and Noble, it was the first time they have granted a Make-A-Wish child's dream.
While the Make-A-Wish grantor who was also in attendance couldn't comment on Kara's condition, she said she was happy to be able to be part of this special day.
Kara, accompanied by her parents and younger sister, spent a little over an hour in the store. She was able to choose any book, game and toy she wanted. However, her face completely lit up when she was able to meet one of her favorite authors, AG Howard.


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Is it a sweater? Is it a tunic? Is it poncho? Is it a cape? You be the judge since I'm not exactly sure!
My brother bought me this years ago, and while I always knew it was a super cool piece, I NEVER wore it until now! He must be a visionary because he bought me this sweater-tunic-poncho hybrid at least seven or eight years ago, and now we are seeing the blanket-cape trend all over (well, it seems to be struggling to find a place to fit in Argentina...I've only seen a few girls wearing blanket-capes around Buenos Aires...So, more power to them!)
It was a chilly & humid day in Buenos Aires, and I wanted something cozy and chic to walk around town in. This afternoon out was full of walking and food research so being comfortable was key. But being comfortable doesn't mean you have to look sloppy! Tomas also convinced me to wear my sunglasses he bought me as a gift when we were in States over the holidays. I'm not sure if I ever mentioned my feelings about sunglasses here, but I don't wear them. When I wear sunglasses I feel like I can't see anything and I just feel weird walking around with them on my face. I do, however, like the way they look, and know that it's pretty necessary that I wear them since I am ALWAYS squinting outside (and I have the wrinkles to prove it!). So, I took his suggestion and sported sunglasses for the day.
Since we were walking through the microcentro that afternoon, I didn't even know if it would be possible to find a quiet spot to take some photos until we stumbled upon this side street. When you find tranquility in the middle of chaos, you always appreciate it more.
Sweater/Tunic: Nirvanna (similar here)
Shirt: Pimkie
Bag: Street Level via Gypsy Warrior (similar here)
Boots: Dr. Martens (Style: Dharma; Color: Black; Material: Greenland)
Sunglasses: Dolce & Gabbana (available here, or in red here)
As I mentioned earlier, it was an afternoon full of walking and full of eating. Two donuts, one burger, one baguette sandwich, one cheese & olive bread, and one chocolate croissant later, we headed home. The burger was a sad, sad sight. No taste-test and no photos on my end. The donuts, which I had heard some people rave about, saying they were just like donuts in the United States, were NOT just like donuts from the United States. They were good, but they weren't authentic donuts.


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Parfums Salvador Dali have announced the launch of a new fragrance, Lovely Kiss, which is available from April, as part of their 'Kiss Collection'. According to the house, "Lovely Kiss fits in perfectly with this collection. Youthful, fresh and summery, the pink fruity-floral scent conveys a very contemporary elegance, making it the ideal fragrance for young, chic and casual women who love to play around with fashion and trends."
Lovely Kiss was created by Delphine Lebeau-Krowiak of Takasago, and contains fruity top notes of grapefruit-blackcurrant sorbet, pink peppercorns and rhubarb, combined with floral middle notes of pink peonies, violets and litchi blossom, and a base of white cedar, patchouli and white musk.
The transparent, cylindrical bottle was designed by Mikael Carriau, and features a multi-coloured and surreal graffiti-like design.
Lovely Kiss is available as Eau de Toilette spray in 100 ml, 50 ml, and 30 ml sizes.


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November 14th, 2012
This post may contain affiliate links, see my disclosure
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" Manufacturer: Gibsons Games "
A vibrant spring time market scene from artist Gale Pitt a freelance artist since the seventies. From her home in London she has travelled to forty different countries, gathering material for her work. Gibsons jigsaw puzzles are made from 100% recycled, high quality puzzle board. The pieces in this puzzle are twice as large as a standard 1,000 piece puzzles and is ideal for people with handling or sight difficulties. Puzzle size 680x486mm when complete Suitable Age 10 Years +.


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Poison Center offers ways to avoid carbon monoxide poisoningJan 7, 2014 From staff reports
Every year, more than 400 Americans die from unintentional carbon monoxide poisoning, 20,000 are seen in emergency rooms, and another 4,000 are hospitalized.
The Centers for Disease Control ranked Wyoming as one of the states with the highest reliable mortality rate from carbon monoxide.
Symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning include sleepiness, headache, dizziness, blurred vision, nausea, shortness of breath and convulsions. The first step in treating carbon monoxide poisoning is getting the victim to fresh air. Then seek medical attention immediately.
Carbon monoxide is a gas produced when fuels burn incompletely. It has no color, taste or smell. The major causes of carbon monoxide poisoning include:
- Using heating equipment that is in poor repair
- Lack of ventilation in a car
- Using a charcoal grill indoors
- Using unvented space heaters
The Poison Center offers the following suggestions to help prevent carbon monoxide poisoning:
- Inspect all fuel-burning equipment yearly.
- Vent fuel-burning heaters to the outside.
- Do not use a gas range or an oven for heating a room.
- Never use a charcoal grill or hibachi inside.


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Schulz, Severinsen key walk-off wins
Colorado Mesa's softball team is developing a flair for the dramatic.
The Mavericks showed grit and determination Sunday in a 7-6, 9-inning win over Colorado School of Mines at Bergman Field. In the second game, they slugged the ball all over — and out of — the park in an 11-3, 5-inning win to wrap up the four-game RMAC sweep over the defending conference champion Orediggers.
"The team in general is settling down and getting into a groove," CMU coach Candace Abrams said. "We had some tough breaks in the beginning but this team is resilient and I just told them they're a fun group to watch and a fun group to coach."
With the sluggers the Mavericks (8-8, 7-3 RMAC) have in the heart of the order, Sunday was a group effort. That was especially true in the first game when Mesa tied the game not only in the bottom of the seventh, but again in the bottom of the eighth before winning it in the ninth.
"Push one (across) and then string them together," first baseman/pitcher Jessica Severinsen said of the Mavs' resilience. "We worked as a team. One through nine came through this weekend."
Down 5-2, Severinsen set up the first rally by getting hit by a pitch to lead off the bottom of the seventh. Sarah Phillis followed with a line-drive home run to left, and with one out, Rachel Boothe tied it with a solo shot to center.
Back came Mines (8-9, 3-5) with one run in the top of the eighth, and this time, Makayla Kovac drew a walk to lead off the Mavs' half, and Severinsen was again hit by a pitch.
Brooke Ortale singled home Kovac and Severinsen, who relieved Ashley Pulido in the sixth inning, got the three-batter inning the Mavericks needed in the ninth.
The Mavericks, who stranded 15 runners in the first game, including the bases loaded twice, didn't waste much time ending the opener.
Megan Brown drew a leadoff walk and Madelyn Schulz laced an RBI double into the left-field corner, with Brown, the Mavs' starting catcher, scoring from first.
"We like to leave people on base, but you know, we've got the bats to keep bringing them in," Abrams said. "That's one good thing about this team, they didn't put the pressure on, they didn't panic. They just kept swinging the bats and kept staying with them."
Just like Saturday, the Orediggers pitched Severinsen inside all day, and in the second game, she made them pay — again.
"I've just got to get my mental game a little more clear and get my mission what I need to do to help the team score runs," she said.
Apparently it's getting pretty clear — Severinsen drove in seven runs on three hits in the second game and had 10 RBI in the four games, with three home runs. She also got the win in both games in the pitching circle, improving to 5-4.
Mines picked up two runs in the first inning of the second game against Severinsen and added one in the fourth. Schulz, who had four hits and three RBI Sunday, walked and eventually scored on a wild pitch in the first.
Mesa put up five runs in the fourth on five hits, including a three-run home run to left by Severinsen.
And she wasn't done.
Another 5-spot in the bottom of the inning ended it early.
Mariaha O'dell doubled off Kristen Prudhomme, the third Mines pitcher to work, and took third on a wild pitch. With two out, Brown was hit by a pitch and Schulz walked to load the bases.
Kovac drove home a run when she, too, walked, and — who else? — Severinsen launched a no-doubt grand slam to right-center to invoke the run rule. It was her second walk-off winner of the series.
The opening game, with a total of 25 runners stranded, five errors and 25 hits, wasn't exactly a thing of beauty. Then again, that depends on your perspective.
"A win's a win in my book," Abrams said. "It wasn't an ugly win, it was a great win."


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District 2 incumbent names trash disposal as a key issueSep 7, 2012 By Martin Reed, Staff Writer
Fremont County Commission District 2 incumbent Dennis Christensen said cooperation and communication with the solid waste board is key to resolving challenges the public is encountering with trash disposal.
"I think we need to support that board and continue to look for solutions," he said. "I think that drastic shutdown in hours caught everybody off guard. I would like to see minimum pickup once a week (at transfer sites)."
Possible solutions to the public's complaints with the Fremont County Solid Waste Disposal District's trash transfer stations could come from the use of volunteers to staff the sites, Christensen said.
"I don't perceive training as an obstacle," he said. "I think we can train volunteers to do that."
Christensen, 65, is seeking the Republican Party's nomination for the seat in District 2, which spans north Fremont County, over challenger Larry Allen in the special mail-ballot election that ends Sept. 11.
The winner will advance to the Nov. 6 general election without any opposition. An error involving 30 voters who should not have cast ballots in the contest resulted in the special election. Christensen led Allen by 20 votes in the primary election.
Christensen, a farmer and former Central Wyoming College board member, had other ideas about resolving the solid waste concerns in the county.
"In particular with some of the remote sites, I think we can look at transportation of the solid waste to the landfills and make sure that we run our trucks more efficiently with 75 to 90 percent loads," he said. "I think in the past we were hauling a lot of air, and we can't afford to do that with $4 fuel. I don't know if we can look at remote baling sites. I haven't researched that well enough to know if that is going to work."
Christensen said he remains a strong supporter of a proposal similar to the Dynamis Energy plan the solid waste district shot down after heated debate with the commission.
"I still think the ultimate solution is waste-to-energy," he said. "California is doing a lot of research on that. They have seminars practically quarterly. There are cities out there endorsing that, counties. It's not necessarily Dynamis, but I think there's going to be a solution. We're always going to have waste."
Christensen said solid waste and communication with other county elected officials are some of the biggest commission failures in the past two years.
"Probably sufficient oversight of the solid waste board is one issue," he said. "One that has bothered me is the lack of communication between elected officials. ... We're all elected officials, and sometimes we have different agendas than what's best for the county. That's bothered me a little bit."
Christensen said he doesn't feel constituents have been neglected on commission representation in District 2.
"I think some of the small towns -- Shoshoni, Dubois, Pavillion in particular -- the county has always assisted them in matching their (State Loan and Investment Board) grants, and I think we will continue to do so, so they can do some of their infrastructure," Christensen said.
He said Sheriff Skip Hornecker can determine law enforcement patrols in the rural area.
"I'm not going to try to manage that," Christensen said. "We have a county sheriff that is elected by the people, so I'm not going to manage his personnel."
He said his goal for the county's budget over the next two years is ensuring a balanced spending plan.
"We have certain statutory obligations we must meet, and that will always be priority one with our budget," he said. "We will also meet certain service obligations to the public. And lastly we will assist as much as possible with the different social programs within the county."
Christensen said county employees remain another concern for the commission's budgeting.
"I think the biggest issue to work with the county employees is going to be the health care issue. We're still not certain what's going to happen with the Obamacare and how that's going to affect the self-funded insurance program," he said. "We're going to have to get a handle on that benefit to employees. We have a couple of different options that we're looking at now."


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Statewide 'star party' kicks off NC Science Festival
Posted April 8, 2016
The North Carolina Science Festival kicks off Friday with the fourth annual Statewide Star Party, among the largest of its kind across the country. Experienced amateur astronomers will be providing telescopes for visitors at 50 locations across the state to observe the moon, Jupiter and more. In addition to observing, there will be activities for all ages at each site supporting this year's theme, "Find Your Way in the Sky."
Sky watching events span from the Jackson County Airport hosted by Western Carolina University's Department of Chemistry and Physics to an event sponsored by the North Carolina aquariums at the Nags Head Woods Preserve in Hill Devil Hills on the eastern edge of our state.
Here in the Triangle there are events Friday at the American Tobacco Trail in Apex, the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences Prairie Ridge Ecostation near the State Fairgrounds in Raleigh, Umstead State Park in Raleigh, Falls Lake State Recreation Area in Wake Forest, Duke University Teaching Observatory in northern Durham, Little River State Park in Durham and Eno River State Park in Durham. Star parties to train rides: N.C. Science Festival kicks off this weekend
The Cape Fear Botanical Garden hosts an event Friday night. Methodist University and Fayetteville State University are partnering to host star watching at Jordan Soccer Complex in Fayetteville Friday night as well. In Southern Pines, the staff at Weymouth Woods-Sandhills Nature Preserve is hosting an event Friday night.
The weather might be an issue for Friday's events with clouds forecast to increase until about midnight. Check the NC Science Festival website for details including any information on rain/cloud dates.
Saturday's weather looks much better with clear skies forecast for the event in Garner at Lake Benson Park and Jordan Lake's Ebenezer Church Recreation Area in Apex. North Carolina Central University also sponsors an event at Old North Durham Park Saturday night.
The forecast also looks great for Saturday's signature UNC Science Expo on the campus of UNC-Chapel Hill. More than 100 demonstrations, hands-on experiments, lab tours, stage entertainment are scheduled from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m. NC Science Festival events continue throughout the week across all 100 counties.
Tony Rice is a volunteer in the NASA/JPL Solar System Ambassador program and software engineer at Cisco Systems. You can follow him on twitter @rtphokie.


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4 adults, 3 kids die in apartment building fire
Seven people died in a fast-moving Massachusetts apartment fire in the pre-dawn hours Thursday.
Seven people died in a fast-moving Massachusetts apartment fire in the pre-dawn hours Thursday.
A Mississippi girl born with the AIDS virus and in remission for more than two years despite stopping treatment now shows signs that she sti…
As they examined possible fixes, park officials warned visitors not to hike into the affected area, where the danger of stepping through sol…
Dozens of law enforcement officers ended a massive search of a wooded area in southwest Shawnee County just before 5:00 p.m. Thursday three …
Police in Riley County say a missing Manhattan teen has been found.
A look at many of the Emmy nominees announced July 10, 2014
Authorities charged Alix Tichelman, 26, with manslaughter Wednesday for her role in the death of Forrest Hayes.
The state wants to terminate the parental rights of Charlie Bothuell IV.
President Obama says congressional Republicans have voted down "every serious" idea for helping the middle class this year.
Meteorologist Glenn Glazer had a surprise guest during his Thursday morning weather report on NBC affiliate WPTV Thursday morning.
She was 92 and died Wednesday.
Democrat Wendy Davis says President Barack Obama should visit the Texas border to witness firsthand the crisis of tens of thousands of young…
The children killed were two boys ages 4 and 14, plus two girls ages 7 and 9.
Lifetouch Inc. says it plans to end its yearbook publishing operation in Kansas City, effective Dec. 1.
President Obama meets with Governor Rick Perry about the growing crisis at the Texas-Mexico border, while taking critism for not visiting th…
The Kansas Capital Area Chapter of the American Red Cross has provided assistance to eight people after four fires in Junction City in the p…
The initial attack, on Sept. 11, 2012, killed U.S. Ambassador Chris Stevens and communications specialist Sean Smith and set the mission abl…
Military spokesman Lt. Col. Peter Lerner said Israel struck more than 320 Hamas targets overnight.
House Republican leaders said Thursday they are delaying the start of business due to an accident involving asbestos.
In downtown Topeka Wednesday night, police took some time off to honor officers who went "above and beyond" to keep the city safe.
Greg Orman, of Olathe, began radio, cable and broadcast television ads Thursday.
The president of Washburn University says the school is "very safe" and sexual assault is rare on the Topeka campus.
A northeast Kansas county will pay for copies of birth certificates for some voters needing to document their U.S. citizenship to register i…


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Member since 6/12/2012
- 1 total post
- 1 question
Questions from msjk817
What Should I Do to Diminish a Wrinkle in my Laugh Lines Likely Caused by a Coritsone Injection/cystic Acne?
I am 25 years old, and have suffered from cystic acne for several years. A few months ago I had a horrible cyst in my laugh line , and got in injected at the dermatologist.... READ MORE


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ENGLEWOOD, N.J. (Dec. 15)
The Jewish population of Bergen County, N.J., which has been estimated as having grown by 12,000 from 1964 to 1965, may pass 100,000 by 1970, it was indicated here today.
The 12,000 increase in itself was seen as very significant, showing a growth of about 17-1/2 percent in one year. However, according to figures made public here by the Bergen County Planning Commission, the entire county's population is expected to reach 1,000,000 by 1970. Based on the current proportions, it was noted, that would mean a Jewish population of over 100,000 four years from now.
The increases in population here, general as well as Jewish, have been attributed largely to the influx of new residents from nearby metropolitan areas.


text:
Paizo Publishing has announced that it is teaming up with WizKids to unleash a Goblin horde on Free RPG Day, which will take place this year on June 15th. To support Paizo's Free RPG Day offering, the Pathfinder module We Be Goblins Too!, WizKids will release the Pathfinder Battle Builder Series We Be Goblins Miniatures, a random assortment of twelve pre-painted miniatures that will be sold individually for an MSRP of $2.49. The set contains five new sculpts, including all four pre-generated goblin player characters that appear in both the original Paizo We Be Goblins adventure from 2011 and the new We Be Goblins Too! module that will be given out this year.
The Pathfinder Battle Builder Series We Be Goblins Miniatures are available for order now on the Paizo site and will ship to retailers on May 29th.
While "Free RPG Day" is several orders of magnitude below "Free Comic Book" day in the number of participants, the event appears to be gaining some momentum thanks to the participation of Paizo with its popular Pathfinder RPG and Fantasy Flight Games, which last year gave away the Eleventh Hour, a free adventure for Only War, a new standalone Warhammer 40,000 role-playing game in which players take on the roles of soldiers in the Imperial Guard.


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Artist description:
THE WATER STINKSSS!! If you can even tell its water... Probably took about 20 minutes..
Java Draw Created Aug 27, 2010 338 x 470px Unless noted Copyright 2010 Muffelubagus.
We encourage you to submit a comment and let the artist know what you think of this drawing. Please log in or join to post a comment.
Post a comment
Cool ^.^ the water looks like skittles..but it would be cool if there was such thing as a skittles fountain! :D 5/5
Very clever, yet simple. 5/5 :)


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Absolute Bliss
Absolute Bliss
Hotel Guest Rating: 9.6/10
Main Street
Imerovigli 84700
Absolute Bliss
Exclusively stylish and romantic, Absolute Bliss is placed on the highest point of the black volcanic rock of Santorini, with breathtaking Caldera views.Colourful sunsets and wonderful caldera views are complemented by generous Greek hospitality, private verandas and the simplicity of traditional Aegean architecture.Upon arrival a complimentary bottle of wine is offered to all honeymooners and those who have reserved a suite.The luxurious suites are well located for exploring the village of Oia and the small island of Thirasia. The town of Fira is 2 km away. ...read more
Top Amenities (see all)
- Outdoor pool
- Room service
Absolute Bliss Amenities
- Air conditioning
- Breakfast in the room
- Breakfast options
- Bridal suite
- Car hire
- Dry cleaning
- Express check-in/check-out
- Fax/photocopying
- Heating
- Ironing service
- Laundry
- Luggage storage
- Massage
- Non-smoking rooms
- Outdoor pool
- Restaurant (à la carte)
- Room service
- Safety deposit box
- Shoeshine
- Shuttle service
- Shuttle service (additional charge)
- Soundproof rooms
- Sun terrace
- Swimming pool
- Terrace
- Ticket service
- Tour desk
- VIP room facilities
- WiFi available in all areas
Hotel Guest Reviews of the Absolute BlissOur hotel ratings and reviews are from real hotel guests. Priceline.com ensures that its reviews are guests-only by proactively sending hotel surveys to customers after they've completed their hotel stays. In the post-stay surveys, priceline.com hotel customers are asked a number of questions about their stay and the hotel. On a scale of 1-10 with 10 being the best, the survey asks guests to rate their overall experience and specifically rate the hotel's cleanliness, staff and location. Priceline.com does not allow site visitors to post unsolicited hotel reviews.
Sort by: All Travelers | Traveling as Couple(3)
Curtis from Lewisville, TX
November 27, 2015
November 27, 2015
I wish the bed was not so hard and the towels didn't feel like sandpaper
Verified Hotel Guest from Villa Park, CA
October 13, 2013
October 13, 2013
Sophia, Aphrodite, and the amazing men that help you with your luggage going up and down the many steps are friendly and nice. Ask them for anything and they are ready to help you. Thank you all for a wonderful stay.
Doug from Denver,CO
September 15, 2009
September 15, 2009
Beautiful rooms and wonderful service. Beautiful rooms and wonderful service.
Reviews of Absolute Bliss
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from $126
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February 20, 1883
Help Wanted
Arkansas Trails has several counties and projects up for adoption. If you would be interested in adopting a county or project look at the Arkansas Trails County Page. If you find one that you would like to adopt e-mail the State Administrator State Administrator.
[ Being a County or State Administrator is fun and rewarding. If you have an interest in the history of Arkansas and the genealogy of it's residents please consider it. If you think "there is no way I can do this" there are many people ready, willing and able to help you. It's not near as difficult as you might think. ]
|Cleburne County was formed on February 20, 1883, and named for Confederate General Patrick Cleburne. It is also the last of Arkansas's 75 counties to be formed. The earliest known Anglo-Americans to settle in what is now Cleburne County were John Benedict and his brothers-in-law, William, Davis, and John Standlee. In 1812, they left their home in Platton Rock, Missouri, on the Mississippi River and ended their journey on the Little Red River a few miles below the mouth of Devil's Fork. In August 1881, Max Frauenthal of Conway (Faulkner County) bought from John T. Jones of Helena (Phillips County) a forty-acre tract, including several mineral springs, in a valley near the Little Red. A few weeks later, Frauenthal organized the Sugar Loaf Springs Land Company and sold shares to ten businessmen. The land company's purpose was to build a town, Sugar Loaf Springs (later to be known as Heber Springs).
Free Records Search at Familysearch Org
Cleburne County Cemetery Listings on Arkansas Gravestone Project
Cleburne County Cemetery Listings on Interment Net
Cemetery Listing at Find A Grave
Arkansas Dept of Health
|Arkansas Dept of Health
Division of Vital Records, Slot 44
4815 West Markham Street
Little Rock, AR 72205
(501) 661-2174
Fax: (501) 663-2832
Arkansas State Archives
|Arkansas History Commission
One Capitol Mall
Little Rock, AR 72201
|The History Commission, the official state archives, is a facility in which those interested in Arkansas history may engage in research. The staff does not undertake research requests from the public. The Research Room is open from 8:00 A.M. to 4:30 P.M., Monday through Saturday. It is closed on state holidays. If you are traveling long distances, please call to confirm hours/days of operation at 501.682.6900.
Arkansas Genealogical Society
|Court Clerk
301 West Main St.
Heber Springs, AR 72543
Phone (501)362-8149
Fax (501)362-4650
|County Clerk
301 West Main St.
Heber Springs, AR 72543
Phone (501)362-4620
Fax (501)362-4622
|Cleburne County Historical Society
P.O. Box 794
210 N. Broadway
Heber Springs, AR 72543
E-Mail Lists and Message Boards
Arkansas Mail List on Rootsweb
Cleburne County Mailing List on Rootsweb
Cleburne County Message Board on Rootsweb
Cleburne County Message Board on Genforum
Adjacent Counties
Stone County |
Independence County |
White County


text:
Goldman Shares Down on Criminal Probe Report, Downgrade
Reports of a criminal probe into whether Goldman Sachs or its employees committed securities fraud in connection with its mortgage trading are weighing on the company's shares Friday morning. The reports prompted one analyst to downgrade Goldman shares to "neutral" from "buy." Guy Moszkowski of Bank of America Merrill Lynch wrote Friday:
While the reports have not been confirmed, their publication by the WSJ and other media could lend them perceived credibility. Most such probes end inconclusively, with no charges filed; and we continue to believe that GS has long-term earnings power beyond what is discounted in the share price. However, it is very difficult to see the shares making further progress until the matter has been resolved.
The Goldman matter will also likely come up at the Warren Buffett lovefest that is the Berkshire Hathaway shareholder meeting this weekend. Buffett — who invested $5 billion in Goldman at the height of the financial crisis – told The Journal he'd "give extensive and complete replies" to any questions about Goldman at the shareholder meeting. In premarket action, Goldman shares are down about 5% as of 9 a.m. ET.


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Lake County Ohio GenWeb
Alice Amanda King
: born July 25, 1894 in Chardon, Ohio; died Feb 26, 1947 in Cardon , Ohio
Parents: Frank Orris King and Alida Lucy Cutts
Spouse: Edmond Theron Byrns: born July 21, 1894 in Mentor, Ohio;died July 17, 1973 in Richlands, NC
Children: Paul Edmond Byrns (1919-1989), Eleanor Louise Byrns (1923-1995)
Frank E. Byrns
George King
: born in England; died 12 Oct 1918 Madison, Lake Co, Ohio. Buried at Fairview Memorial Park
Parents: Unknown
Spouse: Mary Ann Delahaye: born in England; died 12 Apr 1909 in Madison, Lake Co, Ohio.
Children: Edward George King (1861–1926) Charles Ernest King (1863–1944)(married to Phoebe Leonard) buried at Fairview Memorial Park William Henry King (1867–1920) Irvine King (1870–1912) Albert King (1870) Francis J Frank King (1872–1946) Georgia King (1875) Bertha Josephine King (1878–1928) Grace A. King (1881–1968)
Ric King
Back to Lake Co. Family Registry


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- August 18, 2014, 10:55 AM
The FAA on August 14 released its final solicitation for a new Center of Excellence (COE) for Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) tasked with identifying current and future issues critical to the safe integration of UAS into the nation's airspace. These issues include detect-and-avoid technology, control and communications, low-altitude operations safety, compatibility with ATC operations and training and certification of UAS pilots and other crewmembers. The agency will support this new COE with at least $500,000 per year over the next 10 years. The deadline for proposals is September 15.


text:
The American Voter
We'd like implore you to take a few minutes out of your busy day and listen to this caller to a local North Dakota radio show. Listen closely as this grown woman expresses her disgust that government employees would install deer crossings on major thoroughfares instead of somewhere safe.
Go ahead. We'll wait.
Now, multiply this by some 220 million voting-age Americans. Who, by the way, are going to decide your fate in seventeen days. It's a miracle that Our Exceptional Nation can even wipe its collective ass.


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Search billions of records on Ancestry.com
Information for
Leonard Henry Knowlton
21 December, 1911 - 4 March, 1987
From The
Idaho Press-Tribune
Many hours have been spent providing the
information you see on our website. Please
let us know, using the email address below,
if you have found useful information or
if you enjoyed the website. Thanks!
Leonard Knowlton
Graveside services for Leonard Henry Knowlton, 75, of
Nampa who died Wednesday, March 4, at a
Nampa care center, will be held at 2 p.m. Monday
at the
The Rev. Leo W. Reed, pastor of the Nampa First Baptist Church,
will officiate, under the direction of the Alsip Funeral
Chapel, Nampa.
Friends may meet at
the cemetery.
Mr. Knowlton was born Dec. 21, 1911, at
Lebanon, S.D., to Hillary and Josephine Lamb Knowlton.
He was reared and
educated at Alexandria, Neb.,
graduating from high school in 1929.
married Helen Goodman in August 1932 at
Washington, Kan.,
and they made their home in
went to work for the Union Pacific Railroad in 1936.
He retired as a
locomotive engineer in 1976 and they had resided in Nampa since.
was a member of the Baptist Church and the Brotherhood of Locomotive
Firemen and Engineers.
He is survived by his wife of Nampa; two daughters,
Patricia Bradley of Nampa and Marilyn (Mrs. Max ) Nunenkamp
of Fairfax Station, Va.; two sons and daughters-in-law, Jay
and Karen Knowlton and Dennis and June Knowlton, all of
Boise; two sisters, Nettie Craig of Fairbury, Neb., and Ruby
Sharpe of Seward, Neb.; 10 grandchildren; and several nieces
and nephews.
He was preceded in death by a brother and several
Friends may call at the Nam-pa Alsip chapel Saturday and Sunday from 9 a.m. to 9 p.m. and
Monday from 8 a.m. to noon.


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It should have been just another tournament for Castle View senior Joe Hunsaker.
He knew the routine: Wake up early, meet at the school to carpool, weigh-ins at 7 a.m., wrestle at 9. He'd done it time and time again. Only this time, by the end of …
It should have been just another tournament for Castle View senior Joe Hunsaker.
He knew the routine: Wake up early, meet at the school to carpool, weigh-ins at 7 a.m., wrestle at 9. He'd done it time and time again. Only this time, by the end of the day, Hunsaker's life would be changed forever.
On Feb. 1, Castle View's wrestling team headed to Thomas Jefferson High School in Denver. Hunsaker weighed in at 194 pounds. He had a bye the first round in the 197-pound weight class.
"I sat around for a while and was just sort of napping," he said. "My time rolled around and I started to warm up."
He stepped onto the mat. The match started like many of his matches had that year. He found himself getting off to a slow start and quickly losing points.
"I wouldn't say the guy was a good wrestler," he recalled, "but he wasn't bad. Somebody I definitely should've beaten pretty good."
Hunsaker's opponent took him down and threw him in a double wing, a common wrestling move that stacks an opponent onto their shoulders.
That's when things went wrong.
"I remember feeling the pop and the fracture," he said. "My whole body from my neck down went numb and warm and I couldn't move anything."
He rolled to his stomach and lay still.
And he began to pray.
"That's just the first thing I did," he remembered. "That's pretty much the only thing I did until my surgery."
A trainer rushed over and waited for an ambulance to arrive. It took him to the nearest hospital, Swedish Medical Center, about five minutes from the high school.
Doctors determined the young wrestler had dislocated his C5 vertebrae from his C6 vertebrae, which are located in the middle of the cervical spine and affect movement throughout the body.
Within two hours, Hunsaker underwent surgery to straighten his spine. After nine days at Swedish, he was transferred to nearby Craig Hospital, one of the world's best neck and spinal hospitals.
"This situation sucks," said his father, Jim Hunsaker, who was also at the tournament that day and is the team photographer. "But we've been blessed along the way."
Currently, Joe has full movement of his arms with the exception of his triceps and fingers. Movement in his fingers and triceps is gradually returning. He spent 10 weeks at Craig before returning home April 16.
The goal now is to get healthy.
Road to recovery
At Craig, he would attend physical therapy classes every day during the week. Now, plans call for him to go to physical therapy three days per week and to work out at the Craig gym a couple more days a week. Wendy Hunsaker, Joe's mother, is at almost every class with him. That way, "when he comes home, we know how to do everything," she said.
While Joe was in the hospital, Wendy would arrive every day at about 9 a.m. Jim would go to work at 8 a.m. but then leave at about noon. Both parents would stay at Craig until 10 or 11 p.m. each day.
The Castle View senior used to wake up at 6:30 am and go through physical therapy every day at Craig. Now, he wakes up at 8 a.m. and commutes to Craig for physical and occupational therapy from 10 a.m. until noon. After a one-hour lunch break, he starts lifting from 1- 2:30 p.m. before heading back home. In the afternoon, he likes to spend time with his friends and relax.
"The best part of the day is physical therapy," he said, "either that or whenever I get to work out."
During physical therapy, he keeps the same competitive drive he had with wrestling and football. "The therapist will say `Are you done? Do you need a break?' and Joe will just say `No, we can keep going,'" Wendy says.
On the weekends at Craig, Joe would spend six to seven hours visiting with friends. Now that he is home, visitors come and see him there.
He uses a motorized wheelchair to get around, and a manual one on occasion, and invites his visitors to try the manual one the way he uses it. The manual wheelchair is difficult for him to use because he has limited feeling and movement in his fingers.
He still hangs out and watches movies with his friends at home. "It's like old times before he was hurt," said his father. "It's great."
For Joe, one of the greatest challenges has been the loss of use of his fingers. "Having to figure out how to use your hands or do different things" is difficult, he said, adding that he has occasional, limited movement in his fingers. "That's the biggest thing, not being able to use your fingers."
Exactly when he will regain full mobility in his fingers and arms is unknown.
Despite all that's happened, he maintains a positive mindset.
"I can't go back and change anything that's happened, so I just have to make the best of what I have," he said. "That's what's going to make things easier for me. It sucks, but instead of trying to go back and change everything, I just try to make things the best that I can."
One of the adjustments Joe is making now is getting around at home, where the facilities are not set up as well for wheelchairs.
"It's one step towards getting back to normal," said Jim. "We can be with Joe and hang out with Joe."
Finding strength
His injury has inspired support from all over the nation with 48 states being represented through the Facebook page, "Joe's Battle Back." Kaleb Geiger and Hudsen Marker, wrestling teammates and friends of Joe's, also kick-started a "TEAM HUNSAKER" T-shirt campaign, which has raised money to help with medical expenses.
The medical costs are daunting, the family said, so they greatly appreciate all the help. Another fundraiser is scheduled for 6:30 p.m. May 9 at the Douglas County Fairgrounds. Olympic wrestling gold medal winner Rulon Gardner is scheduled to appear with Joe for an evening of food and support.
One of the biggest inspirations has come from family, friends and, even, strangers, who have responded to Joe's unexpected trial with generosity of spirit, the family said.
During halftime of the Douglas County-Castle View basketball game on Feb. 21, Huskies and Sabercats filled the gym with the chant "We Love Joe! We Love Joe!"
Wendy was there. "I thought to myself, `Way to go, Joe,'" she said. "To have it all contained in one room, to have one common cause, it was amazing."
The overwhelming support, along with the Hunsakers' unwavering faith, keeps them all moving forward.
There is no doubt, Jim said: "God has got a plan for Joe."


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Protocol TARC-ABPA
- Full Text View
- Tabular View
- No Study Results Posted
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
The main objective of this study is to determine if a doubling of serum TARC (compared to baseline) is associated with the occurrence of exacerbations of ABPA.
The secondary objectives of the study are :
- To investigate if induced sputum eosinophils count (compared to baseline) is associated with the occurrence of exacerbations.
- To examine if the exhaled NO (compared to a baseline) is associated with the occurrence of exacerbations.
- To investigate if activation of circulating T cells (compared to a baseline) is associated with the occurrence of exacerbations.
- To examine if the rate of specific Asp f IgG measured by ELISA (compared to a baseline) is associated with the occurrence of exacerbations.
- To determine if the variation of one of the markers above, TARC or Asp f specific IgE measured at baseline, may be associated with the radiological stage of the disease (ABPA-S, ABPA-CB, ABPA-ORF).
- To investigate if there is a link between fungal exposure at home (visually assessed by the contamination level and the proportion of positive samples for Asp. f) and the frequency of exacerbations.
- To establish if some of the clinical, functional or biological data studied are associated with the frequency of exacerbations.
|Allergic Broncho-Pulmonary Aspergillosis
|Other: Study of predictive factors
|Study Type:
|Study Design:
|Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)
Primary Purpose: Diagnostic
|Official Title:
|Interest of TARC Serum Marker for Follow-up of Patients With Allergic Broncho-Pulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA), Excluding Cystic Fibrosis
- The rate of serum TARCThe rate of serum TARC will be measured by ELISA and expressed in pg / ml.Doubling of TARC rate compared between baseline (V1) and exacerbations is the primary endpoint (qualitative binary).
- Induced sputum eosinophils countIncrease in induced sputum eosinophils count assessed by cytology between baseline visit (V1) and the visit(s) in exacerbation.
- The rate of Exhaled NO(FeNO50)Increase in exhaled NO (FeNO50) between baseline visit (V1) and the visit (s) in exacerbation.
- The rate of circulating T cellsIncrease in circulating T cells activation, measured by the rate of Th1, Th2, Th17, Treg lymphocytes by flow cytometry before and after specific Asp f. stimulation between baseline visit (V1) and the visit (s) in exacerbation.
- The rate of Aspf. specific serum IgGIncrease of Aspf. specific serum IgG, measured by ELISA between baseline visit (V1) and the visit (s) in exacerbation
- Correlation between markersCorrelation between previous markers, TARC or specific IgE measured at baseline and the stage of the radiological stage of the disease evaluated at V1 (ABPA-S, ABPA-CB, ABPA-ORF).
- Fungal exposure at homeLink of fungal exposure at home with exacerbation frequency and the stage of disease severity.
- Clincal parametersLink between the clinical parameters (sex, complex aspergillosis, smoking, body mass index, reached ENT associated (chronic rhinitis, sinonasal-polyposis)) and the frequency of exacerbations.
- Biological parametersLink between the biological parameters measured at stable state (V1) (total IgE, Asp fspecific IgE, Aspergillus precipitins) and the frequency of exacerbations.
- Function parametersLink between the function parameters measured at baseline state (FEV1 (in%), FVC (in%), compared RV / TLC, FeNO50) and the frequency of exacerbations.
|Study Start Date:
|July 2012
|Estimated Study Completion Date:
|November 2017
|Estimated Primary Completion Date:
|November 2017 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure)
|Assigned Interventions
|Experimental: Study of predictive factors
Other: Study of predictive factors
Phase 1 : Inclusion of patients (V0) :
In the case of a participation agreement, data on age, profession, previous history, history of the disease and current treatments will be collected. Different tests will be performed at this visit.
Phase 2 : Determination of the baseline (V1) : Patients will be reviewed one month after V0 (V1). In the absence of exacerbation between V0 and V1, the examinations performed in routine practice will be used to determine the basic state of biological parameters of interest. During this visit, different tests will be performed.
Phase 3 : Quarterly monitoring of patients (V2-V9) : Patients will be followed every three months for 2 years (V2-V9).
|Ages Eligible for Study:
|18 Years and older (Adult, Senior)
|Sexes Eligible for Study:
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
Pre-inclusion criteria :
- Major patients, of indifferent sex,
- Patients insured,
- Patients accepting to give, after information, their signed informed consent form,
- Patients affected by ABPA,
- Patients in remission without treatment, or stable under current treatment for at least 3 months.
Inclusion criteria :
This inclusion will be definitive in V1, if :
- The pre-inclusion criteria are respected,
- The patient has not presented any exacerbation since V0 thereby define a basic state.
If patient could not be included, it will be possible to re-screen him for the study, provided he meets the pre-inclusion and inclusion criteria. In this case, a new V0 will be scheduled at least 3 months after the first V0.
Exclusion criteria :
- Minor patients,
- Adults under guardianship,
- Pregnant or lactating women,
- Patients unable to follow the protocol or to give consent,
- Patients with an infection of the lower respiratory tract in the 4 weeks preceding V0 or between V0 and V1,
- Patients who were hospitalized for respiratory problems in the 4 weeks preceding V0 or between V0 and V1,
- Patients with chronic inflammatory diseases unrelated to ABPA which could influence the results,
- Patients with cancer,
- Patients followed for cystic fibrosis defined by a positive sweat test,
- Patients with known compliance problems identified prior to the study.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01710930
|CHU Angers
|Angers, France, 49033
|CHU Le Mans
|Le Mans, France, 72037
|Nantes University Hospital
|Nantes, France, 44093
|Principal Investigator:
|Anaïs PIPET, Doctor
|CHU de Nantes
|Study Chair:
|Hakima OUKSEL, Doctor
|University Hospital, Angers
|Study Chair:
|François GOUPIL, Doctor
|CH du Mans
|Responsible Party:
|Nantes University Hospital
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
|NCT01710930 History of Changes
|Other Study ID Numbers:
|Study First Received:
|October 15, 2012
|Last Updated:
|February 19, 2016
Keywords provided by Nantes University Hospital:
Allergic Broncho-Pulmonary Aspergillosis
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
Pulmonary Aspergillosis
Aspergillosis, Allergic Bronchopulmonary
Skin Diseases, Infectious
Skin Diseases
Lung Diseases, Fungal
Lung Diseases
Respiratory Tract Diseases
Respiratory Hypersensitivity
Respiratory Tract Infections
Hypersensitivity, Immediate
Immune System Diseases
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on September 21, 2017


text:
And, of course, the fine print:
Get free shipping on your next order when you spend over $100. The discount will be automatically applied to your purchase; no promo code required. The subtotal of your purchase must be $100.01 or greater after any promotional discounts have been applied. Additional fees such as tax or shipping and handling do not apply toward your minimum subtotal requirement of $100.01. Offer applies to standard shipping only. Certain items that require additional shipping and handling are excluded from this promotion and do not apply towards your $100.01 subtotal minimum. Offer subject to change.
Take your texts to a tropical place. This iPhone case flourishes with a bevy of banana leaves, printed in a semi-transparent finish to let the color of your phone shine through. Discreet clear bumpers protect your precious from any accidental drops. Send an expressive message.
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If you're not happy with this item for any reason, you may return it for a full refund within 14 days.