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Will a full D breast implant look good on a short girl? Breast implant:silicone Body type: sporty, narrow hips, stubborn belly fat Weight: 150 lbs Height: 5'2 ft
Breast Implant/petite Frame, Will A Full D Implant Look Good On A Short Girl?
Doctor Answers 8
Breast Implant Sizing
There are many factors that determine breast implant sizing. Some of these factors include breast size, laxity of tissues, chest measurements and patient desires.
You need to be seen
sorry, but it is impossible to answer this question without seeing you in person. Also, as there is no standard breast sizes, no one really knows what a D is. You need an in person consultation.
A short girl is not a short girl, is not a short girl
Dear Kp,
From the measurements that you present it sounds as though you have a body type that could carry a D cup breast very easily. Consultation with an American Board of Plastic Surgery board certified plastic surgeon can give you a better idea of whether your goals are attainable. Good luck!
Learn more: http://www.francisnyplasticsurgery.com/breast-augmentation/
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Breast implant sizing
I consider two factors when selecting implants for my patients:
1.Dimensional planning
2.Gel Implant Sizing system
Dimensional planning – The measurements of your chest wall are taken. Also, the breast dimensions including the height, width, and current dimensions of each breast form the basis of dimensional planning. Based on these measurements, the implant size is recommended. This will give you a unique breast implant that is suited for your body frame. However, there are some limitations of what size we can recommend. For instance, some implants may just be too big for a narrow chest wall. Your surgeon can review this with you during the consultation.
Gel Implant Sizing system – During the preliminary breast implant consultation, you will be provided with an option to "try on" a variety of implant shapes and sizes. You can also visualize the possible outcomes of your surgery which helps you to get that perfect size to give you the shape that you longed for. This way your preferences are known and you can then pick a range of implants that will "fit" just right to give a soft natural fuller look. If you have decided on saline implants, then based on the gel sizer you select, we can guide you to the saline implant that achieves a similar look.
Hope this helps.
Dr. Basu
Houston, TX
Learn more: http://www.basuplasticsurgery.com
Picking the right implant for your body type
Great question. There isn't a perfect answer for this because what looks good to one person may not look good to another. An important part of your consultation with your plastic surgeon will be to determine what kind of look you are trying to achieve. Are you looking for a natural look, or a more dramatic look. It also depends on how much breast tissue you are starting with. If you are starting with a small A-cup breast, then placing larger implants to get into a D-Cup bra will be a fairly substantial transformation. On the other hand, if you are currently a C and want to be a D then this will be less dramatic of a change. It also depends on your build. A woman with a narrow chest will look very different with D-cup breasts than someone with a very wide chest. The best thing to do is to see a board certified plastic surgeon and have them assess your goals and do a thorough exam. You can then try on different size implants in the office (bring the bra that you think you want to fit into). If you have a plastic surgeon in your area who uses the Vectra system I suggest you get a consultation there. We use it in our office and it is a great way to show patients what they would look like with different size implants.
Good luck.
Breast implant sizing
Thank you for the question, however, it is difficult to answer you question precisely online without at least pictures. You would need to have an examination and ideally a 3-D Vectra imaging simulation to try on different size implants and see visually what you postoperative outcome would be like. Best of luck.
Learn more: https://www.aristocratps.com/breast/augmentation-new-york/
Choosing Implant Size
This is a common question, and an important one. Unfortunately, you're not going to get a satisfying answer online. There isn't a simple formula for determining the right breast implant size. A good plastic surgeon assesses many factors beyond height and weight, and helps you select a size, shape, and profile that will give you great-looking results that also work for your lifestyle. Many of us even use advanced digital imaging technology to let you see how different implants might look on you. Another thing to consider: if a liposuction procedure could remove your stubborn belly fat, your breasts might appear larger, and you may not want or need such large implants. This is something that a board-certified plastic surgeon can help you to determine. Good luck!
Best Breast Implant Size/ Profile for Me?
Thank you for the question and picture. Despite good intentions, online consultants will not be able to provide you with meaningful specific advice. Ultimately, in person consultation with well experienced board-certified plastic surgeons will be necessary. Careful measurements, dimensional planning, and careful communication will be key.
Generally speaking, the best online advice I can give to ladies who are considering breast augmentation surgery ( regarding breast implant size/profile selection) is:
1. Concentrate on choosing your plastic surgeon carefully. Concentrate on appropriate training, certification, and the ability of the plastic surgeon to achieve the results you're looking for. Ask to see lots of examples of his/her work.
2. Have a full discussion and communication regarding your desired goals with your plastic surgeon. This communication will be critical in determining breast implant size/type/profile will most likely help achieve your goals. In my practice, the use of photographs of "goal" pictures (and breasts that are too big or too small) is very helpful. I have found that the use of words such as "natural" or "full D cup" etc means different things to different people and therefore prove unhelpful. Also, as you know, cup size varies depending on him who makes the bra; therefore, discussing desired cup size may also be inaccurate.
3. Once you feel you have communicated your goals clearly, allow your plastic surgeon to use his/her years of experience/judgment to choose the breast implant size/profile that will best meet your goals. Again, in my practice, this decision is usually made during surgery.
him focuses
I hope this (and the attached link) help.
Learn more: http://www.poustiplasticsurgery.com/Procedures/Procedure_breastAugmentation.htm
These answers are for educational purposes and should not be relied upon as a substitute for medical advice you may receive from your physician. If you have a medical emergency, please call 911. These answers do not constitute or initiate a patient/doctor relationship.


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1. How long has the business been operating and how did it start?
Our company was formed in 1987, the vision of our M.D was to create a new dynamic company, promoting Egypt and catering to all budgets.
2. What is your company's mission?
Our mission is to provide quality and excellence to our customers promptly and exclusively. All the professionals at M21362 are masters of their trade and each brings with him/her a unique set of experience adding value to the traveler`s overall experience of the country. We Simply know what a traveler anticipates and more than that we know what it takes to satisfy them.
3. What does your company specialize in?
All aspects of Tourism in Egypt, with regular promotions for Nile Cruises and Classical Tours as well as Desert Safari Trips
4. Who is the founder or owner of the company and briefly describe his/her past activities?
M21362 was founded by Raed Elkabbany, whose zeal for travel and love of country led him to establish the company and assemble the passionate and service oriented team Raed spent a significant portion of his life in Egypt and quickly fell in love with the opportunities for travel in Egypt. Meeting and interacting with diverse people placed him on the path to become an Egyptologist tour guide, which he's taken up since 1987.
5. What is your most popular travel package and why?
One day Tour of the Great pyramids of Giza, the Enigmatic Statue of the Sphinx and to the Egyptian museum. it is the most important and famous Sites in Egypt, that every visitor wishes to see.
6. What is the best compliment you received from a client?
All of our clients are so satisfied with our Services that they often recommend us to their friends and family. And return to Egypt as often as they can.
- Contact Supplier

subset: commoncrawl


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Sports News of Wednesday, 9 January 2013
Source: GFA
10 debutants make team
Black Stars Coach Kwesi Appiah has announced his final 23-man squad for the Africa Cup of Nations in South Africa.
The Ghana coach finalized his squad on Wednesday for this month's finals by having to leave out one member from his preliminary squad of 24.
Asante Kotoko defender Rashid Sumaila did not make the final roster. The final squad was submitted to the Confederation of African Football before the deadline on Wednesday.
Ghana's squad is made up of 10 debutants.
Richard Kissi Boateng, Awal Mohammed, Jerry Akaminko, Wakasu Mubarak, Rabiu Mohammed, Solomon Asante, Albert Adomah, Christian Atsu, Richmond Boakye Yiadom and Emmanuel Clottey will all be making their first appearance at the Nations Cup.
Below is the full list:
GOALKEEPERS Adam Kwarasey, Fatau Dauda and Daniel Agyei
DEFENDERS: Harrison Afful, John Paintsil, Richard Kissi Boateng, Wakasu Mubarak, John Boye, Isaac Vorsah, Jonathan Mensah, Awal Mohammed, Jerry Akaminko.
MIDFIELDERS: Anthony Annan, Derek Boateng, Rabiu Mohammed, Agyemang Badu, Solomon Asante, Albert Adomah, Christian Atsu and Kwadwo Asamoah
STRIKERS: Asamoah Gyan, Richmond Boakye Yiadom and Emmanuel Clottey


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found a new home!
Plenty of my friends are looking
for one too. Find a pet to adopt.
I am already spayed, up to date with shots, and good with kids.
Sunny (dog friendly), a Arlington Domestic Mediumhair cat was adopted! Here's how you can benefit by looking at adoption as an option to buying a Domestic Mediumhair for sale in Arlington, or seeking a Domestic Mediumhair cat from a breeder in Arlington.


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Splitback Deluxe Sofa Bed is one of the most popular sofa beds in the world. The modernistic design is classic and yet innovative. The back rest is split in two individually adjustable parts with three positions: sofa, relax and bed. It only takes a small click to go from one position to the other. Combined with the matching Splitback Chair, there are even more possibilities: living room suite, chaise lounge, office sitting area etc. Splitback Deluxe Sofa Bed comes with three Clean-cut leg options. 1- stainless steel, 2- dark wood and 3- light wood. It is upholstered with high quality pocket springs and foam.
An istyle collection classic. Simple, modern elegance combined with multifunction and modularity. Enables you to create a playful non-staticliving room.
Comfort: Icomfort 7" mattressDimensions: Sofa: 82" W x 35" D x 31" H Sofa as Bed: 82" W x 45" DLegs: Stainless steel, Styletto dark wood, Styletto light wood, Eik Oak, Brass Baton and Ferej oak arms and legs options.Frame: Silver powder coated metal frameWeight: 130 lbsShown in: 588 White Leather TextileAlso available in: 503 Begum Dark Brown, 521 Mixed Dance Grey, 524 Mixed Dance Burned Orange, 525 Mixed Dance Light Blue, 582 Black Leather Textile, 865 Velvet Vintage Blue, 866 Velvet Vintage Mauve
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Mossberg 590A1 Light Forend vs. aftermarket
I really want, for my first HD shotgun, a reliable solid sturdy tac light attached to the forend. Mossberg 590A1 (the gun I've decided on) has a "Light Forend" model which comes with a factory Insight tac light built into the forend. I'm not positive how many lumens it puts out , although it might be 120. Does anyone out there have experience with the Insight ? Should I just get the stock (no light) 590A1 and go aftermarket (Surefire ?) instead ? Thanx in advance for any opinions and advice !
I have a 590 with the SureFire built into the fore end. The only thing I do not like about the setup is that the weapon itself feels very muzzle heavy and slightly unbalanced. It may be because of the long tube, heat shield, etc. but all this weight combined makes it just a little awkward for clearing rooms and such.
I would think that saving some weight with a smaller tactical light would be nice. This being said I still love my 590.
Do not try an after market clamp light to the mag tube. I did, epic fail. The clamp wouldn't hold up to the shock so I modified it and it held. Then the light quit working. All this in two outings.
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Sheraton Princess Kaiulani to undergo $500M renovation
HONOLULU (AP) — A major Waikiki hotel will close Aug. 1 for a redevelopment projected to cost $500 million.
The Sheraton Princess Kaiulani renovation and expansion is expected to be the highest reinvestment ever on a single Waikiki property, and the latest hotel slated for a multi-million dollar fix-up.
It tops the announced $400 million redevelopment at International Market Place and a $100 million reinvestment at the Hyatt Regency Waikiki Beach Resort and Spa.
The owner of Sheraton Princess Kaiulani, Kyo-ya Hotels & Resorts LP has invested another $500 million in three other Waikiki hotels, the Westin Moana Surfrider, the Sheraton Waikiki and the Royal Hawaiian Hotel, since 2007.
"Our owners have an amazing commitment to the community and to our associates," said Kelly Sanders, Waikiki area managing director for Starwood Hotels and Resorts, which manages Kyo-ya's Waikiki hotels. "They are putting this kind of money out to say that we believe in Waikiki and in its future."
The renovations could take three years to complete, she said, and will change the footprint of the property.
The 260-foot Ainahau tower will be redeveloped to include 650 hotel rooms.
A new tower as high as 350 feet will provide 300 hotel rooms and about 135 residential resort condominiums.
The changes will move the property from three-star "upscale" rating to "upper-upscale" category, Sanders said. The average current daily rate is in the mid-$150, Sanders said, and room rates will increase $75 to $100.
"With the way that the hotel is being planned, the view corridors will be fantastic, and that comes at a premium," Sanders said.
Jack Richards, president and CEO of Pleasant Holidays LLC, Hawaii's largest wholesaler, said Honolulu will see additional tax revenue from the property. Hotels in Waikiki, Ko Olina, Turtle Bay and neighbor islands will get a boost during construction, he said.
"It's going to create compression when they take approximately 1,100 rooms out of commission," he said.
Debbie Stephens-Amas, director of human resources at the Princess Kaiulani and the Moana Surfrider, said some hotel workers already have been shifted to other hotel properties.
"We'll work to place as many as we can up to the closure and beyond," she said.
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University of Vermont
Academic Ceremonies - May Commencement
Quick links
- Academic Ceremonies
- Burlington Information
- College & School Contacts
- Dining
- Honorary Degree/Commencement Speaker Nominations AY 2014-2015
- Lodging
- Maps & Directions
- MapQuest Directions
- Past Commencements
- Student Alumni Association, Senior Week
- Student Government Association
- UVM Alumni Association
- Weekend Calendar of Events
2013 May Commencement Schedule
Due to a favorable weather forecast, the University Commencement Main Ceremony and the College of Arts and Sciences ceremony will be held outdoors on the University Green as originally planned. (Tickets are not required.)
Please follow the links below for ceremony details.
For other events please visit the campus calendar of events.
Saturday, May 18, 2013
Graduate College Commencement Ceremony
Honors College Scholars Recognition Ceremony
Sunday, May 19, 2013
The University Commencement Main Ceremony
College of Agriculture and Life Sciences
College of Arts and Sciences
School of Business Administration
College of Education and Social Services
College of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences
Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources
College of Medicine Commencement Ceremony
College of Nursing and Health Sciences
Last modified May 17 2013 04:21 PM


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Q&A With ... Don Lucia
by Adam Wodon/Managing Editor
STATE COLLEGE, Pa. Don Lucia, regularly the head coach at Minnesota, recently coached the U.S. national team at the World Junior championships. We caught up with the two-time national champion coach during his team's recent series at Penn State, the first meetings between the teams.
CHN: What do you make of Penn State after your first visit there?
Lucia: It was a good atmosphere and good energy in the building, especially after they scored. It's a really nice facility. They've got a great base and really bright future.
CHN: What did you make of the whole experience in Sweden with the World Juniors?
Lucia: It was terrific. We had a great staff to work with. We shared a lot of ideas and had a lot of goood talks about how we needed to play the game. I thought the kids bought in to how we needed to play and other than a four-minute segment against Canada and two minutes against Russia, we played about as well as we could play. The team was a joy to coach. Especially, they understand how we needed to play. We needed to play strong near the goal line and get pucks down into the offensive zone. I think our D corps did a good job moving the puck up and out of our own zone, our transition game was really good. So from a coaching standpoint, I was pleased with how the kids responded to how we wanted to play.
CHN: It's easy to look and say 'You didn't medal,' but, like you said, if you watched the games, you saw how well you guys played. The tournament has a lot of good teams now and it's a fine line.
Lucia: It was a great experience for me all the way around. It was one of the highlights for me all the way around with all the things I've ever done. It was great to be in that environment. There's a lot of talented players, that's for sure. And it's such a fine line, that's what you learn. ... You have to get that goal (against Canada). You just can't break, you can't take the bad penalty in International.
CHN: Those three in a row (against Russia) were tough, very borderline. (Russia scored two 5-on-3 goals to take a 4-3 lead.)
Lucia: That's part of it though, you know that going in. And to our kids' credit, I thought they were disciplined. There was no retaliation. Some of them are tough calls just from — put a stick on somebody and he falls. But as far as retaliation and that type of discipline, I thought they did a terrific job.
CHN: Did anything surprise you about the process?
Lucia: Nothing really surprised me. I wish O'Regan would've been healthy. I thought that hurt, when he got the hip flexor and missed the one game (against Germany) and he was never back to a hundred percent. I think that affected his game and I give him credit trying to gut it out for us. Sweden did a great job as hosts. Obviously (Team USA general manager) Jim Johansson's been through it many many times. But how smooth the administrative part was from USA Hockey, it was as smooth as it could be, and Jim's a great guy and a tremendous help. I just can't say enough about what a positive experience I had.
Next year they're going to have a harder pool, but it might benefit them in the crossver. Whereas this year we had a harder crossover game with Russia, but that's part of it. You see how the depth is improving, where the Czechs beat Canada, and Slovakia almost had Canada beat. How good Russia, Sweden and Finland were. I thought we played a really good tournament. And Switzerland beat Finland in a shootout. You can't take anything for granted, and that's a big part of it.
CHN: Is there anything you feel should be different about the process, with USA Hockey or the tournament itself?
Lucia: I don't know how it could (be different). We had the right people there this summer (at the evaluation camp in Lake Placid). You have the selection process in Lake Placid in the summer, and, as it should, there's guys in December who weren't part of Lake Placid. There should be some kids emerging. It's too bad (Michigan's JT) Compher got hurt, and a couple guys got hurt, and (Patrick) Sieloff and (Tyler) Motte got sick right before. It was a tough evaluation for them. But I can't say enough about how well (BU recruit) Jack Eichel played too. For a 17-year old kid, just turning 17, to have such an important role on our team — I think the U.S. knows who their No. 1 center will be next year.
But for how everything has run. It was a home run for me, other than not getting to that semifinal.
CHN: I thought Hudson Fasching played great, even if he didn't light up the score sheet.
Lucia: I was happy with our two (Minnesota) kids (Fasching and Brady Skjei). The whole team really. (Stefan) Matteau, it was great to see a kid like that grow up. I saw him a year ago at Lake Placid. ... He's matured so much as a person.
I thought that was a benefit for me, to be at Lake Placid the year before, to go through the process for this year. That's something maybe they should consider, having a coach they know is going to do it the following year maybe there to see it the year before.
You're trying to make those final selectons on your own team. What if this guy get hurt, what do you need? There's not necessarily a right or wrong answer. You're just trying to make the best educated guess based on what you see when you make your selections.


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On standard differential rear axle assemblies, use SAE 80W-90 GL-5 (SAE 80W GL-5 in Canada) gear lubricant. On limited slip differential rear axle assemblies, use 4 fl. oz. of limited slip differential additive lubricant and SAE 80W-90 GL-5 gear lubricant.
See Figure 1
The gear lubricant in the drive axle should be checked every 12 months or 15,000 miles (24,000km).
- Raise the car and support on jackstands as close to level as possible.
- Remove the filler plug from the side of the drive axle housing.
- If lubricant begins to trickle out of the hole, there is enough and you need not go any further. Otherwise, carefully insert your finger (watch out for sharp threads) and check to see if the lubricant is up to the edge of the hole.
- If not, add oil through the hole until the level is at the edge of the hole. Most gear lubricants come in a plastic squeeze bottle with a nozzle; making additions simple.
- Install and tighten the filler plug.
The rear axle should have the gear lubricant changed every 7,500 miles (12,000km). If equipped with a limited slip differential, be sure to add 4 oz. (118mL) of GM limited slip additive part No. 1052358.
- Raise the car and support on jackstands. Place a container under the differential to catch the fluid.
- Remove the bolts retaining the parking brake cable guides and position aside.
- Clean all dirt from the area around the cover. Remove the bolts retaining the cover to the housing. Pry the cover from the differential housing and allow the fluid to drain into the catch pan.
- With the cover and housing washed free of oil and gasket material, apply sealer to the mating surfaces.
- Using a new gasket, install the cover and torque the bolts to 20 ft. lbs. (27 Nm) in a clockwise pattern to insure uniform draw on the gasket. Fill the differential with fluid through the fill plug and add limited slip additive, as required.
- Install the parking brake cable guides, if removed.
- The fluid level should reached a level within 3 / 8 in. (10mm) of the filler plug hole. Replace the filler plug. Lower the car and inspect for leaks.


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We report two emission bands corresponding to the spectral line narrowing (SLN) of the conjugated polymer [2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethylhexyloxy)-1, 4-phenylenevinylene] (MEH-PPV) in films. The SLN emission coming from the polymer chains closer to the glass substrate are at a different spectral position compared to the chains that lay further away from the glass substrate. We explain this phenomenon as a direct consequence of the "gas-to-crystal" effect. In solution form, as concentration was increased, and thus the proportion of aggregates, a decrease in the SLN bandwidth and a red shift of the emission peak was observed.
©2007 Optical Society of AmericaFull Article | PDF Article


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I had lipo on my chest, belly, and love handles. I still have hardening on my lower abdominal area. I wear the same size pants because that area seems hardened or swollen with something in there. My doc said it's scarred tissue. That there's nothing that can be done. I don't want to do surgery again. Any suggestions? I exercise A LOT. I eat clean. I'm in fairly good shape but just can't get rid of that area and it's really discouraging. Thank you in advance.
1 Year After Lipo on Chest, Belly, Love Handles, Have Hardening On My Lower Abdominal Area?
Doctor Answers 6
Induration of lower abdominal area after liposuction
There are a few possible explanations for the induration of your lower abdominal area. A full examination would be necessary to determine the cause. Some causes include excessive liposuction, scar tissue formation, seroma, or lymphedema. Most causes have a treatment option for improvement. You should seek a full consultation with a board certified plastic surgeon.
Scarring after #Liposuction
skin and soft tissue hardening that lasts for more than 3 months after the procedure is very likely from scarring. this usualy hapend with SmartLipo. Im not sure if that what was used for your treatment. I have treated a few cases with this complication. it got >90% better and the pt was very happy but it took more than 1 session to correct that. not sure where youre located but you should consult another physician if you can.
Hardening on Lower Abdomen 1 Year after Liposuction
The hardened area on the lower abdomen 1 year after liposuction may well be scar. It could also be a seroma cavity. It would difficult to judge this without an exam, and your plastic surgeon is in the best position to evaluate this. You can always get a second opinion if you would like. Kenneth Hughes, MD Los Angeles, CA
Learn more: http://www.hughesplasticsurgery.com/Liposuction.php
You might also like...
Hard area of abdomen after lipo
Did you have laser or vaser or ultrasound?
In any event, it sounds like you have large area of fat necrosis, and at this point, it is likely stable. Your only option may be an excision, panniculectomy, tummy tuck, or, just live with it. There are not many options here.
Hard tissue after liposuction
As previously suggested is difficult to make recommendations without a formal consultation. At times hard tissue could be the result of what is known as fat necrosis but usually improves with time as the scar remodeling process continues. Perhaps the physical examinations should be complemented with imaging studies such as ultrasound or CT scans to rule out hernias or other findings that could be contributing to the current symptoms. Hope this helps.
These answers are for educational purposes and should not be relied upon as a substitute for medical advice you may receive from your physician. If you have a medical emergency, please call 911. These answers do not constitute or initiate a patient/doctor relationship.


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On 09/14/2011 03:38 AM, MirrorX wrote: > hello to all, > > i have tried pg_upgrade to upgrade from 8.4 to 9.0. the operation was > completed succesfully. i only have one question: > > i did the procedure twice. once without the 'link (-k) option' and one with > it. obviously the attempt with the link option was much faster. but, what > does link mean here? symbolic link? i saw that after the procedure the old > 'data' folder was there too, and i could delete it, so i guess the answer is > not symbolic link. so what does that link mean? thx in advance http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_link -- Craig Ringer
Next: From: Craig Ringer Date: 2011-09-14 01:56:27 Subject: Re: Problem restoring a dump Previous: From: Tom Lane Date: 2011-09-14 00:31:07 Subject: Re: pg_upgrade difficulties


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Wow. I can honestly say that Miles, not his team, lost that game. LSU were playing like demons but Miles kept thinking Alabama were better, and making crazy calls. Alabama are better, usually, but Mettenberg showed up and AJ had a horrible second half except for the final drive.
So, finally, the Tide has been tested and came through. Like Eli said, the champion got up off the canvas and finished the fight. Roll Tide.


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The Latest: Head of NATO Talks to TrumpThe Latest on President-elect Donald Trump's transition activities.
Opinion: Obama's Afghan Surge FailedWith the situation getting worse on the ground Obama has ended the surge just in time for the election in November. Taliban and related attacks against NATO powers were approximately 2,700 in August of 2009 when Obama made his contrary-to-campaign promised-move to step up the nation's military assistance in Afghanistan. Three years later, in August of 2012, there were more attacks – nearly 3,000.
AP Exclusive: Alleged Bomb Plotter's Kin Shocked LUBIZDE, Kosovo (AP) — The 25-year-old Kosovo-born American suspected of plotting an Islamist-inspired attack in Florida came from a "very good family" that moved from place to place in search of economic opportunity and respite from conflict in the former Yugoslavia, an aunt said Tuesday.


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Let's face it, the bigger your budget, the better your show is going to be. The latest production of Doctor Who is no exception. While the tone of each story is relatively the same, the increase in production quality from season 1 to season 2 really allows the characters to go from cheesy to compelling.
I'll start with my very first introduction to Doctor Who with the episode "Rose." Aliens in this episode are walking mannequins and the hungry trash can that kidnapped Mickey. In the episode "The End of the World," the steward of Platform One looks like a member of Blue Man group wandered on set wearing a robe and hat. The aliens were a bit silly and made for a lighter feel for each episode
Now, fast forward to episode 2 of season 2, "Tooth and Claw." The Doctor and Rose travel back in time for an accidental visit with Queen Victoria and must save the group from a werewolf. In the next episode, "School Reunion" where they must save the school from an invasion by the Krillitane's.
Right off the bat you can tell that the production budget for season 2 was much larger, probably because of gained popularity of the new show. This allowed not only for the technology to be greater, creating better aliens, but also allowed for the show to get a bit darker, a bit scarier, and definitely more addicting.


text: 2008/9/28 Casey Rodarmor <caseyrodarmor at gmail.com>: > The comparison I was thinking of was with python, where a module can > be placed in an arbitrary directory, and then accessed using a > relative path. If I have 'stuff.py' that contains class 'Foo', I can > move it to 'hello/module/stuff.py', and then import it is > hello.module.stuff. And if you have something in hello/ it must refer to the same module by module.stuff instead. I'm not sure it's clearer... Anyway the hierarchical modules in Haskell means that every code must import the same module with the same name which I find saner (though I could wish the import/export syntax would be more advanced to allow for shorter imports when I have a lot of imports in the same hierarchy part). > A python module doesn't need to know where it > lives. Well, it doesn't need to, but everyone else needs to, in Haskell, the module need to know where it lives, but everyone else don't care. > > I often find myself working on computers where I don't have > administrative privileges, which means I might not be able to install > libraries in the 'right' places. This approach also makes it simple to > create self-contained projects that can easily be moved from machine > to machine, where only the local directory structure is important. > Would there be any downside to this in haskell? Note that if the modules are in the same project, they're all in the same hierarchy (at least that's how I see a project) and so their names are coherent with each other and with the relative directory hierarchy, there is no problem there. Now, I think your preoccupation has more to do with packaging several libraries you're not sure will be available on the final machine with your project, and reasonably, you don't want to put them all in the same base directory (yeah, it would be a mess). I would argue that Haskell being a compiled language, its distribution problematics aren't exactly the same as Python... If you're just distributing an application you presumably would just compile it on your development setup and then distribute the executable. But if you really want to distribute the code source in a self sufficient package (assuming GHC on the final machine I guess ?), you should use Cabal : it automates dependency checking, compilation and installation with several source directory and configurable target installation directory. It's pretty easy to use too (mainly I suggest you do copy/paste of a good project file on Hackage). -- Jedaï


text:
Happy New Year! We are already busy as we begin 2009!Thanks to an anonymous donor, The VRG will again award two $5000 college scholarships to graduating U.S. high school students who have promoted vegetarianism in their schools and/or communities. The deadline is February 20, 2009. For more information, see section 12.
Please vote for YOUR favorite restaurant chain for vegetarians in our online survey. Who will win the top spot? YOU decide! See section 2.
With your support, The VRG is looking forward to another great year of spreading the word about vegetarianism.
The VRG looked at the 400 largest restaurant chains in the United States to find out which ones are the best for vegetarians and vegans. To see the results, please check out "Who's the Veggie-Friendliest of Them All?: The Top Restaurant Chains for Vegetarians" [ http://www.vrg.org/journal/vj2008issue4/whos_veggie_friendly.html ].
Don't forget our online restaurant guide of vegetarian, vegan, and veggie-friendly restaurants in the U.S. and Canada [ http://www.vrg.org/restaurant/index.htm ]. And if you know of a restaurant that we don't have listed but should, please let us know! You can either complete the form here [ http://www.vrg.org/travel/restupdate.htm ] or email us at firstname.lastname@example.com. Thanks!
A Ph.D. student at The University of Texas at Austin is studying how vegetarians talk about being vegetarian and is trying to capture the experiences of as many vegetarians across the country as possible. At least 250 vegetarians are needed for this study. Deadline is February 1, 2009.
Please go to the following page to participate in the study: [ http://texascommunication.qualtrics.com/SE?SID=SV_bvyubavkEj7c73e&SVID=Prod ]
Lands in love is a hotel & resort in Costa Rica that is completely vegetarian (including the owners & staff). The restaurant features Israeli and international cuisine. They run vegetarian tours to the main attractions in Costa Rica (volcanoes, wildlife reserves, beaches, etc.) with transportation and professional guides. At the hotel area they have canopy tours, canyoning tours, horseback riding, rafting, and cloud forest guided trails.
For readers of VRG-NEWS, Lands in love is offering some special offers:
To receive the offers, let them know you heard about their resort from
VRG-NEWS. You can contact them in the following ways:
Email [ email@example.com ]
Call (506) 2447-9331 / 7 in Costa Rica
Call (408) 212-0995 in the United States.
Visit their website [ http://www.landsinlove.com ]
Deadline is December 31, 2009.
New FDA Labeling Rules for Beetle-Derived Food and Cosmetic Cochineal Extract and Carmine Coloring
By Jeanne Yacoubou, MS VRG Research Director
In January 2009, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced that all foods and cosmetics containing cochineal extract or carmine must contain a "prominent and conspicuous" declaration of these ingredients by name at least once on the item label. Previously, these colorings, derived from female cochineal beetles, could be declared on a label under the generic "color added" or something similar.
The ruling becomes compulsory in January 2011. Voluntary compliance by companies may begin immediately.
The colorings are currently used in a host of products including ice cream, yogurt, fruit drinks and candy to give them a red or purple color.
The FDA based its decision on reports of severe allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis, to the coloring. The Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI) filed a petition in 1998 containing reports of dozens of severe allergic reactions to the coloring and recommended that it be labeled.
The new ruling does NOT specify that manufacturers must indicate the insect source of the ingredient.
EDITOR'S NOTE: For help in deciphering labels, our Guide to Food Ingredients is an invaluable resource. In this booklet, VRG Research Director Jeanne Yacoubou, lists the uses, sources, and definitions of 200 common food ingredients. For more information or to order, please go to [ http://www.vrg.org/catalog/fing.htm ].
If you have general nutrition questions, Mark Rifkin, MS, RD, LDN, will be available from 2:30 p.m. - 5:30 p.m. EST on Friday, March 20, 2009. To reserve a 20-minute time slot, please email the VRG office at firstname.lastname@example.com or call (410) 366-8343.
Please be advised that these sessions are not individualized nutritional counseling. Such advice should only be provided through direct in-person contact with a qualified health professional. There is no charge, but if you do commit, please call on time. Otherwise you are taking someone else's spot.
Mark Rifkin, a longtime VRG volunteer, is a Registered Dietitian and has a Master's Degree in Health Education. He has been presenting on food-related topics for more than seven years. Currently, he has a private practice in Baltimore, MD, that focuses on plant-based nutrition for prevention, as well as treatment of various chronic diseases and conditions, including diabetes, overweight/obesity, cardiovascular disease, arthritis, gout, women's health concerns, cancer, and early-stage kidney failure.
In addition, Mark is offering a 20% discount on any service for VRG members. This is for his private practice and is not affiliated with The VRG or Call-A-Dietitian Day.
Philip Becker, high school science teacher, created the course, Vegy 101: An Introduction to Living and Thriving on an Environmentally Sustainable Diet.
For more information, including the course syllabus, please see the following: [ http://www.vrg.org/journal/vj2009issue1/vj2009issue1vegy101.htm ]
Philip Becker is a VRG life member and longtime volunteer.
Ryan Andrews, vegan dietitian and VRG volunteer, has created an online presentation that illustrates how one's daily food intake influences the planet.
You can view it here: [ http://www.precisionnutrition.com/members/showthread.php?t=12212 ]
Ryan Andrews, MS, MA, RD, CSCS, is Director of Education for Precision Nutrition.
Join Mercy For Animals for free snacks and the compelling documentary, Eating. Learn the science and hear the stories of people who used a dietary approach to successfully treat their heart disease, breast cancer, adult-onset diabetes and other health problems. Called "life-changing" by many, this film is used in wellness clinics throughout the world to motivate people to change their diets and restore their health.
WHEN: Tuesday, January 27, 2009, 6:30 p.m. - 8:30 p.m.
WHERE: Dayton Metro Library, Auditorium (2nd Floor), 215 E. Third St.,
Dayton, Ohio
WEB: [ http://www.mercyforanimals.org ]
EMAIL: firstname.lastname@example.com
The MOGO (Most Good, Least Harm) principle is based on a very simple
premise: when we do the most good and the least harm in our daily
choices, acts of citizenship, community, work, and volunteerism, we create a life of inner peace while contributing to the building of a peaceful, sustainable world for all. Zoe Weil, president and co-founder of the Institute for Humane Education (IHE) will present this MOGO Workshop. Part retreat, part educational workshop, MOGO is recommended for anyone who wishes to learn how to make their lives a manifestation of their greatest vision for the world. Regular rate is $110 and student rate is $75; lunch is included along with a copy of Zoe's book, Most Good, Least Harm. Register early as space is limited.
WHEN: Saturday, February 7, 2009, 8:30 a.m. - 5:00 p.m.
WHERE: Cascadia Commons Cohousing Community Common House, 4377 SW 94th Ave., Portland, Oregon
WEB: [ http://www.humaneeducation.org/sections/view/mogo ]
EMAIL: firstname.lastname@example.com
While supplies last, 1st edition copies of No Cholesterol Passover Recipes by Debra Wasserman are available for the low price of $3! For this special offer, shipping is free (United States only). If you live outside of the U.S., shipping charges will still apply; contact us for rates at email@example.com order, visit [ https://www.vrg.org/secure/order.htm ] or call (410) 366-8343 M-F 9 a.m. - 5 p.m. EST. If ordering online, please type 'VRG-NEWS - January' in the 'Additional Notes' section. You can also mail a check made payable to The Vegetarian Resource Group to VRG, PO Box 1463, Baltimore, MD 21203. We accept Visa, MasterCard, and U.S. currency. Maryland residents: please add 6% tax to your total.
Better hurry on this one—limited quantities available!
(This recipe appears in Vegan Passover Recipes [ http://www.vrg.org/catalog/vegpass.htm ] by Chef Nancy Berkoff, EdD, RD)
Cinnamon Matzah Balls (Makes about 12-16 dessert balls)
Matzah balls don't just belong in soup!
1 cup margarine
1/2 cup dry sweetener
1/2 teaspoon vanilla extract (see note)
1-3/4 cups fine matzah meal or matzah cake flour
1 teaspoon ground cinnamon
1/2 teaspoon ground ginger
Preheat oven to 350 degrees. Allow margarine to soften at room temperature.
Place margarine in a medium bowl. Cream together margarine and sweetener. Mix in vanilla. Sift together matzah meal, cinnamon, and ginger. Mix into margarine. Cover and place in the refrigerator for at least 1 hour.
Shape into 1-inch round balls and place on an ungreased baking sheet. Bake for 12 minutes or until lightly golden. Allow matzah balls to cool before serving. Can be dusted with cinnamon or rolled in finely chopped almonds prior to serving.
Notes: If Pesach vanilla is not available, you can create your own
vanilla extract by mashing a very small piece of fresh vanilla bean in a small amount of vodka. If this is not available, you can substitute 1/2 teaspoon fresh orange zest for the vanilla. If desired, 1/4 cup finely chopped raisins or dates may be added to the dough before you shape it into balls.
VRG ScholarshipsThe VRG will again award $10,000 in college scholarships. Due to the generosity of an anonymous donor, we will give two $5,000 college scholarships to graduating high school students who have promoted vegetarianism in their schools and/or communities. The students must be graduating high school in spring 2009. The deadline is February 20, 2009. For more information or to read about past winners, go to [ http://www.vrg.org/student/scholar.htm ].
VRG Internships
Responsibilities depend on background, major if in college, and interest of applicant. Tasks may include research, writing, and/or community outreach. Internships are helpful for students working toward journalism, English, and nutrition degrees. Business majors can obtain experience related to the business aspects of a non-profit organization. Activists can learn new skills and gain a broader knowledge, as well as share their expertise. Positions open throughout the year for all ages (including high school students living in Baltimore). Internships are unpaid. Send resume and cover letter to: The Vegetarian Resource Group, P.O. Box 1463, Baltimore, MD 21203; email@example.com.
Our health professionals, activists, and educators work with businesses and individuals to bring about healthful changes in your school, workplace, and community. Registered dietitians and physicians aid in the development of nutrition-related publications and answer member and media questions about vegetarian diets. The Vegetarian Resource Group is a non-profit organization. Financial support comes primarily from memberships, donations, bequests, and book sales. The Vegetarian Journal, a print magazine, is a benefit of membership in The VRG. (For more information, please see the Vegetarian Journal online.)
If you would like to make a donation, become a member, volunteer, or find out more about The VRG, contact us at:
The Vegetarian Resource Group
P.O. Box 1463
Baltimore, MD 21203
Phone: (410) 366-8343
Fax: (410) 366-8804
E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Website: [ http://www.vrg.org ]
Donate: [ https://www.givedirect.org/donate/?Action=GC&CID=1561 ]
The contents of this newsletter, and our other publications, including Vegetarian Journal, are not intended to provide personal medical advice. Medical advice should be obtained from a qualified health professional. We often depend on product and ingredient information from company statements. It is impossible to be 100% sure about a statement, info can change, people have different views, and mistakes can be made. Please use your own best judgment about whether a product is suitable for you. To be sure, do further research or confirmation on your own.
VRG-NEWS is the e-mail newsletter of The Vegetarian Resource Group. This is an announcement list so subscriber messages are not accepted by the list. If you have a technical question about the list, please contact us at firstname.lastname@example.com. If you have any suggestions, ideas, or corrections to VRG-NEWS, please direct them to email@example.com. Thanks!
If you are a new subscriber, you might enjoy reading past issues of VRG-NEWS online at [ http://www.vrg.org/vrgnews/index.htm ].
If you wish to cancel your subscription to VRG-NEWS, send an e-mail message to firstname.lastname@example.com with the following message:
If you wish to subscribe to VRG-NEWS, send an e-mail message to firstname.lastname@example.com with the following message:
SUB VRG-News {your first and last name}
Do not include the {} when you enter your name. The newsletter will be sent to the e-mail address from which you are subscribing.
Contents of VRG-NEWS are copyright 2009 by The Vegetarian Resource Group. The newsletter may be freely distributed in electronic or print form provided its contents are not altered and credit is given to The Vegetarian Resource Group, P.O. Box 1463, Baltimore, MD 21203.
The contents of this website and our other publications, including Vegetarian Journal, are not intended to provide personal medical advice. Medical advice should be obtained from a qualified health professional. We often depend on product and ingredient information from company statements. It is impossible to be 100% sure about a statement, info can change, people have different views, and mistakes can be made. Please use your own best judgment about whether a product is suitable for you. To be sure, do further research or confirmation on your own.
Web site questions or comments? Please email firstname.lastname@example.com.


text:
Credit Card Center Advertiser Disclosure†
09-21-2012 03:48 PM - edited 09-21-2012 03:50 PM
Does anyone know if credit card companies actually verify employment information (aside from income). If so, how do they do it? I notice some credit card application forms ask for the phone number of your place of employment. Do they actually call? Has anyone ever heard one of these calls and know what questions they ask?
I should say that the company I work for does not have any kind of automated system for verifying employment, so if they wanted to verify anything they would have to call and speak to my boss directly.
Yep, I know they can ask for documents to verify income, I was just wondering why they want the phone number of your employer though.
As someone who works in Human Resources, I can say that on a rare occasion we do receive employment verification requests from credit card companies. Our policy is that we won't verify much over the phone, mainly just confirming that the employee works for us and his/her position. Anything beyond that requires a written request with the employee's permission (signature) authorizing the release of information.
American Express - but only if you get FR
Household use to do an auto phone call to the main/cell number you gave them WHILE it said it was processing app... when you answered it just said verifying line and a few seconds later would spit back approval but I mean at $100,$300,$500 limits who cares! LOL
Navy usually wants stubs at least once then they don't seem to ask much.
Discover is really the only one I have seen go to great lengths but not for just employment. Many years ago with a family business a pre-approval was sent to biz address so that is what was used for app... they called and asked about the house that was owned and why biz address was used. then during a phone call the agent asked where this family member was and she then put call on hold saying needing to speak with supervisor or review credit more but the rep actually called the number related to the place where they said they were not.... thats really the only time I have seen such sneaky lengths to try to verify but I suppose it's not bad once and if you passed it all!
but most companies probably could never make money if they employed enough people to do that kind of leg work on the probably thousands or hundreds of thousands of apps each day!
You can give em your home phone if you prefer they dont have your employers number. I have never had an issue doing this. Large signature cards may be a different animal though
gx240 wrote:
Does anyone know if credit card companies actually verify employment information (aside from income). If so, how do they do it? I notice some credit card application forms ask for the phone number of your place of employment. Do they actually call? Has anyone ever heard one of these calls and know what questions they ask?
I have never received calls from credit card companies even though employees have old me someone might call. The only verifications I've had were for mortgages. Strange enough, I've had calls from credit card companies about employees that had left the company 6 - 8 years peviously and apparently have become delinquent.
When I opened my NFCU account and applied for the Cash Rewards card, they contacted my employer and actually had HR fill out some form that had to be faxed back to them. I'm not sure if the form verified employment, salary, or both, but as soon as she received it back (I was on the phone with them at the time) they approved me for the card.
09-21-2012 10:08 PM - edited 09-21-2012 10:09 PM
MsLadyRover wrote:
When I opened my NFCU account and applied for the Cash Rewards card, they contacted my employer and actually had HR fill out some form that had to be faxed back to them. I'm not sure if the form verified employment, salary, or both, but as soon as she received it back (I was on the phone with them at the time) they approved me for the card.
Presumably employment, CribDutchess may know for certain but I think there's legal ramifications in requesting income verification or other details from the employer directly. It's much like a reference, there's very little that can be legally stated, and anything above that is grounds for a lawsuit technically.
Anyway to the OP: I wouldn't sweat it. Amex asked for my employer's number so I just gave them the one off my paystub... which was sort of surprising it was there in the first place but I digress. It may just be a sanity check, but with an instant approval they certainly didn't actually call. I don't think I could possibly spend enough with my existence to trigger a FR, though I suppose stranger things have happened.
It's pretty routine with CU's to have to produce paystubs seemingly, but I think everything about CU's is more documentation-oriented since they're only as strong as their member's assets.
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text:
New Orleans School Board agrees to far-reaching reform proposal
December 14, 2004
All Congregations Together (ACT) won commitments from all seven members of the new school board in New Orleans to support a comprehensive plan to improve student achievement in a system that ranks among the worst in the United States. ACT hosted nine community forums in each neighborhood in the city to build civic and political support for a 10-point strategy focused on student literacy, individualized learning plans and teacher training and evaluation. The result was an increased interest in the historically low turn-out race by community members throughout New Orleans. Five out of seven board members have been replaced. ACT has received written commitments from each member to support its "People Platform", created by the community. The organization is positioning itself to press for long-term change in how the New Orleans education system functions. For more information contact Mary Fontenot at firstname.lastname@example.com.
As of June 27, 2007 All Congregations Together (ACT) is no longer affiliated with PICO National Network.


text:
All posts tagged "Rajesh Khanna"
Hero's Welcome: The Dream Launch
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Did You Know SRK Turned Down Rang De Basanti? 5 Celebs Who Missed Out On Being Part Of Films That Became Classics
Actors reject roles all the time. It's no big deal. In fact, it's important for them to ensure that they are...Photo SeriesFebruary 16, 2015
Rajesh Khanna's 'haunted' house sold for Rs 95 crore
'Vardan Aashirwad' bungalow of veteran actor Rajesh Khanna, which is located on Carter Road in Mumbai, has finally found a owner,...Celeb NewsJuly 25, 2014
Riyasat – Rajesh Khanna's first and last movie as a Don
Rajesh Khanna, the star who is known for his romantic avatars so far, will now be seen in the role of...Movie StillsJuly 3, 2014
Rajesh Khanna's Riyasat first look poster
The first look poster of the late superstar's last film, Riyasat – The Emperor Bids Goodbye is out. Rajesh Khanna's fans...Movie NewsJune 26, 2014
What has Dimple Kapadia been busy with post Rajesh Khanna's demise?
It was supposed to be just a small gathering for few of the closest friends at Aashirwad. But Dimple Kapadia couldn't...What the WhatMarch 13, 2014
A broken Marriage: Rajesh Khanna and Dimple Kapadia
It is a well known fact that in Bollywood everything is big news. If you get to the top without any...Bollywood BlogFebruary 21, 2014
Rajesh Khanna: India's original superstar!
He is referred to as the "first superstar" and the "original superstar" of Indian cinema. He is none other than Rajesh...Bollywood BlogDecember 29, 2013
Dimple won't talk about Anita Advani!
After nearly a year and a half has passed since Rajesh Khanna's death, Dimple Kapadia who's remained mute about him all...Who Said WhatDecember 4, 2013
"Rajesh Khanna is my favourite actor" – Dimple Kapadia
When the whole of the nation was smitten by the charm and amazing talent of bollywood's very own 'Kaka', Rajesh Khanna,...GossipNovember 27, 2013
Evergreen beauties of Bollywood!
These actresses are timeless. Time stands still for them. There is something charming about them apart from their good looks. They...GossipNovember 16, 2013
Anita Advani's case against her lover Rajesh Khanna's family takes a new turn
Bigg Boss 7's ex-contestant Anita Advani's case against her lover Rajesh Khanna's family has taken a new turn. Anita Advani, late...Celeb NewsOctober 7, 2013
Rajesh Khanna's last film 'Riyasat' gets U/A certificate
Veteran actor Rajesh Khanna's last film 'Riyasat' has got a U/A certificate from the Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC). The delayed...Movie NewsSeptember 2, 2013
Rajesh Khanna's statue unveiled in family's presence
A statue of Bollywood's original superstar Rajesh Khanna was unveiled here Saturday in the presence of his family members – estranged...Celeb NewsAugust 13, 2013
Rajesh Khanna's statue unveiled
Bollywood stars Akshay Kumar, Twinkle Khanna and Dimple Kapadia unveiled a statue of Rajesh Khanna in Mumbai, at Hotel...Events PhotosAugust 12, 2013
Dimple Kapadia wants road to be named after Rajesh Khanna
Bollywood actress Dimple Kapadia Saturday called for naming a Rajesh Khanna Road, in memory of her late husband, who is considered...Celeb NewsAugust 12, 2013
Top 10 Rajesh Khanna Songs
Rajesh Khanna. A name that was enough for a movie to mint money. People would go to the movie expecting a...Video SeriesAugust 1, 2013
Rajesh Khanna Death Anniversary
The 'first superstar' of Bollywood is no more with us. It has been a year and he is still remembered. That's...Events PhotosJuly 20, 2013
Celebrate Kaka's legacy, says Bollywood
Bollywood celebrities fondly remembered superstar Rajesh Khanna on his first death anniversary Thursday and said we should celebrate the legacy that...Celeb NewsJuly 19, 2013
Rajesh Khanna's statue to be unveiled
A statue of late Rajesh Khanna, considered Bollywood's original "superstar", will be unveiled in the country's film capital here Thursday on...Celeb NewsJuly 18, 2013
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These days people dying in Bollywood movies can only get a yawn from us viewers but there were some movies where...Video SeriesJune 20, 2013
Asha Bhosle, Mala Sinha to get Phalke Academy awards
The Dadasaheb Phalke Academy Awards will be bestowed on singer Asha Bhosle, actress Mala Sinha, late filmmaker Yash Chopra, and late...Celeb NewsApril 26, 2013
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Naya KadamBollywood MoviesOctober 24, 1994
Rupaye Dus KarodBollywood MoviesMarch 13, 1991


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UNSC Leviathan ReviewersReviewer:[Morrow983]Rank:[Crewman]Screenshot reviewed: Screenshot Presentation:8/10Screenshot Lighting:8/10Screenshot Angle:8/10Screenshot Originality:7/10Screenshot Effects:8/10Screenshot Colors:8/10Screenshot Title:7/10Overall:7.7/10Comments:Not a bad catch for matchmaking! You'd be surprised at how much people still use lighting effects like that even in forge. Even though this was taken in Matchmaking, a fitting name would have made it better. ~*..MORROW..*~
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The effect of elevated temperature on mechanical behavior of structural wood and wood-based composites
DSpace/Manakin Repository
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Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
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The effect of elevated temperature on mechanical behavior of structural wood and wood-based composites
Sinha, Arijit
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Arijit Sinha Dissertation.pdf
Dissertation for PhD in Civil Engineering and Wood Science
Engineers, in practice, are often faced with the challenge of evaluating a fire-damaged structure and developing a rehabilitation and retrofit plan. In order to decide on a rehabilitation and retrofit plan, information on thermal degradation of building materials and connections are vital. A critical knowledge gap exists in terms of thermal degradation of materials and connections with respect to light-frame wood construction. Along with solid sawn lumber (SSL), various wood-based composites such as plywood, oriented strand board (OSB) and laminated veneer lumber (LVL) are also used in wood-frame construction. Characterization of the thermal degradation of strength of these structural materials will help assess the service life and strength of the damaged structure. This study addressed the thermal degradation of material strength and connection strength by conducting tests on wood, wood-based composites and connections after subjecting them to elevated temperatures, hence studying the post-fire residual strength in wood and wood composite construction. The properties evaluated in this study were bending strength (MOR), bending stiffness (MOE), lateral nail capacity, dowel bearing strength, fracture toughness and bond strength (IB) after exposing the materials to elevated temperature for various exposure times. In addition, the bending strength of OSB and plywood was studied in great detail as a function of additional temperatures and exposure times. A general trend of degrading bending properties, fracture toughness, dowel bearing strength of materials and yield strength of the connections of various configurations with high temperature and duration of exposure was observed and confirmed by statistical analysis. A statistical regression based model incorporating the effects of temperature, time of exposure and thier interaction and a model based on first-order kinetics were developed and evaluated for predicting the strength loss. The kinetics-based model was better than the regression-based approach. Using the kinetics analysis along with time-temperature superposition for OSB and plywood, a master curve was generated at a reference temperature of 150°C that can be used for residual strength estimates and failure time predictions. A reasonable prediction of connection design values was made using National Design Specifications (NDS) yield models for thermally degraded materials. Conventional tests for bond strength provided excessive scatter which renders any statistical comparison highly difficult. An alternative to IB and bond classification could be fracture testing using energy methods for wood bond strength evaluation. The various analytical models developed will help for characterizing the thermal degradation of material properties. Models specified in design codes were evaluated against the thermal degradation of materials. This knowledge of thermal degradation and the models will help engineers and architects in recommending categorical improvement, rehabilitation and retrofit of structures.
Graduation date: 2011
Gupta, Rakesh
Nairn, John A.
Wood -- Mechanical properties
Engineered wood -- Mechanical properties
Wood -- Effect of high temperatures on
Engineered wood -- Effect of high temperatures on
Wood -- Thermal fatigue
Engineered wood -- Thermal fatigue
Strength of materials
Thermal Degradation
Post-fire structural performance
Fracture mechanics
Lateral Nail Connections
Degradation Kinetics
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Theses, Dissertations and Student Research Papers (Wood Science)
Collection contains recent scholarly output of student majors in the Wood Science and Engineering (WSE) Department
Theses, Dissertations and Student Research Papers (College of Forestry, 1984/85 to Present)
Collection contains scholarly output of student majors in the Oregon State University College of Forestry.
Theses, Dissertations and Student Research Papers (College of Forestry, 1984/85 to Present)
Collection contains scholarly output of student majors in the Oregon State University College of Forestry.
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