text:
Morning in America:
Did America's fortieth president lead a conservative counterrevolution that left liberalism gasping for air? The answer, for both his admirers and his detractors, is often "yes." In Morning in America, Gil Troy argues that the Great Communicator was also the Great Conciliator. His pioneering and lively reassessment of Ronald Reagan's legacy takes us through the 1980s in ten year-by-year chapters, integrating the story of the Reagan presidency with stories of the decade's cultural icons and watershed moments-from personalities to popular television shows.
One such watershed moment was the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics. With the trauma of Vietnam fading, the triumph of America's 1983 invasion of tiny Grenada still fresh, and a reviving economy, Americans geared up for a festival of international harmony that-spurred on by an entertainment-focused news media, corporate sponsors, and the President himself-became a celebration of the good old U.S.A. At the Games' opening, Reagan presided over a thousand-voice choir, a 750-member marching band, and a 90,000-strong teary-eyed audience singing "America the Beautiful!" while waving thousands of flags.
Reagan emerges more as happy warrior than angry ideologue, as a big-picture man better at setting America's mood than implementing his program. With a vigorous Democratic opposition, Reagan's own affability, and other limiting factors, the eighties were less counterrevolutionary than many believe. Many sixties' innovations went mainstream, from civil rights to feminism. Reagan fostered a political culture centered on individualism and consumption-finding common ground between the right and the left.
Written with verve, Morning in America is both a major new look at one of America's most influential modern-day presidents and the definitive story of a decade that continues to shape our times.
"A lively, sprawling work that sees Reagan's reflection in everything from '80s TV shows such as Dynasty to the rejection of 'New Coke' by consumers to the creation of CNN and USA TODAY. . . . He may have disregarded the rise of AIDS and seemed clueless about the rise in homelessness during his watch, but he also helped create 'an Era of Good Feelings' that left most Americans feeling better about themselves and their country."--Susan Page, USA TODAY
"Morning in America is the rarest of academic histories: insightful, energetic, and a joy to read."--Peter Schweizer, The New York Sun
"[A] masterly study of Ronald Reagan's presidency--the best single book we have on his administration to date."--David Turner, Raleigh News & Observer
"The main thing Troy has produced is a portrait of the United States in the 1980s in all of its color and texture. . . . [T]he book is a mine of information on U.S. popular culture, presented by one who lived through those times."--Norman Webster, Montreal Gazette
"A balanced, thoughtful, and thoroughly entertaining account of Reagan's legacy. . . . This book is sure to become popular and deserves a large audience. Enthusiastically recommended."--Library Journal
"A valuable and enjoyable book. . . . Troy's readable book is impressive in its integration of political and social history, while he rightly recognizes that popular culture can provide an effective gauge of the public mood. Thus, he effectively uses the television series Hill Street Blues to illustrate attitudes towards crime and race, and throughout, he uses television, film, and popular music. Troy is anything but a Reagan cheerleader, and he stresses the still contentious nature of the Reagan record."--Philip Jenkins, Books & Culture
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text: Girls' tiered dress in metallic heart print Item F8272 Size: All sizes are US sizes. Size Charts Quantity: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Prices are now in Canadian dollars. Add to Bag Wishlist Add to Bag Add To Wishlist share: size & fit A-line silhouette. Falls above knee. Product Details A cute dress that looks like a skirt and a top in a shimmery heart print you'll both love. Cotton. Machine wash. Import. Online only. Item F8272.

subset: commoncrawl


text: Carmelite Sisters Survey Step 1 of 6 16% MissionThe Carmelite Sisters of the Most Sacred Heart of Los Angeles (Carmelite Sisters) provide many services to the Greater Los Angeles area and beyond. Which of our services are you aware of? (please select all that apply) Retreats Childcare Senior Care Schools within the LA Archdiocese Schools outside the LA Archdiocese What do you believe our mission to be?Do you perceive us as being successful at carrying out that mission?YesNoPlease Expain RelationshipHow did you first meet the Carmelite Sisters?When did you first meet the Carmelite Sisters?How do you personally view the Sisters?How are you currently involved with the Carmelite Sisters? (please select all that apply) Attend Retreats Attend Carmelite Sponsored Events Volunteer Relative of a Sister Financial Supporter Follow online Family member attends St. Joseph School Family member attends St. Philomena School Family member attends Holy Innocents School Family member attends Loretto School Family member attends Archbishop Coleman F. Carroll H.S. Family member attends Sts. Peter and Paul School Family member attends Hayden Childcare Center Family member attends St. Theresa School Family member attends Little Flower Educational Child Care Family member attends JSerra Catholic High School Family member is a resident of Santa Teresita Manor (Skilled Nursing) Family member is a resident of Good Shepherd Cottage (Assisted Living) Family member is a resident of Marycrest Manor (Skilled Nursing) Family member is a resident of Avila Gardens (Independent Living for Seniors) I am not actively involved at this time Which three areas of the Carmelite Sisters activities do you personally feel are most important: Vocation Promotion Novitiate Training Professed Sisters Educations Elderly Sisters Support Providing Childcare Services Providing Care to Seniors Educating Children Providing Retreat & Renewal Opportunities Promoting a Deeper Spiritual Life Among God's People Of the following programs/events, which might you be interested in over the next five years? (please check all that apply) Vocation Exploration Retreats Faith Nights Childcare Senior Care Volunteer Opportunities - for Healthcare Volunteer Opportunities - for Retreats Volunteer Opportunities - for Educations Volunteer Opportunities - I have the following professional skill I'd like to share. What is the professional skill you'd like to share? SupportMonthly donations are an effective and efficient way to support the Carmelite Sisters work. Monthly donations help us budget and plan long term support of programs. Would you consider making a monthly donation to the Carmelite Sisters? (please select only one) I am already a monthly supporter. Possibly, please provide more information. Yes, I'm interested. Please contact me. Sorry, I'm not interested in monthly support at this time. My preferred method of giving is: (please select only one)CheckStocksCredit CardRecurring Monthly Credit Card GiftDirect Pay from BankWhich of the following best describes your last donation to Carmelite Sisters?I gave because I received a letter/packet in the mail.I gave in thanksgiving for a retreat I attended.I gave in thanksgiving for services received/provided to a family member.I gave in support of an event.I gave in memory of a loved one.I gave after a conversation with a Sister.OtherIf you chose "other", please explain here:How satisfied are you with the method by which the Carmelite Sisters make requests for donations?12345678910       Least Satisfied                          Normal                                          Very Satisfied How satisfied are you with the timing of your latest acknowledgement Letter?12345678910       Least Satisfied                          Normal                                          Very Satisfied How satisfied are you with frequency of contact you receive from the Carmelite Sisters?12345678910       Least Satisfied                          Normal                                          Very Satisfied Please ExplainLegacies left to the Carmelite Sisters by people in their wills are of enormous benefit to our future. It is important to know how many people consider this valuable avenue for support. Have you included the Carmelite Sisters in your will? (please select only one)Yes, I have already included the Carmelite Sisters in my will.I intend to include the Carmelite Sisters next time I revise my will.I will consider including the Carmelite Sisters in my will and would like more information.I have no will.I have a will and have mentioned charities in my will but not the Carmelite Sisters.I have a will but do not mention charities.Would you like to learn how you can turn appreciated assets into life income for yourself while at the same time making a gift to the Sisters?Yes, please have someone contact me.Not at this time.No, I'm not interested. ApostolatesUnderstanding your opinion of our services will help us further improve. How satisfied are you with the following areas of our work?EducationVery SatisfiedSatisfiedDissatisfiedVery DissatisfiedI Don't KnowPlease ExplainChild CareVery SatisfiedSatisfiedDissatisfiedVery DissatisfiedI Don't KnowPlease ExplainSenior CareVery SatisfiedSatisfiedDissatisfiedVery DissatisfiedI Don't KnowPlease ExplainRetreatsVery SatisfiedSatisfiedDissatisfiedVery DissatisfiedI Don't KnowPlease ExplainThroughout the year we produce various mailings. What information might you be interested in receiving: (please select all that apply) Retreat Notes – a listing of upcoming events and spiritual programs Spiritual Thoughts Updates on Sisters Formation and other Community News Upcoming Family Events Updates on building and campus renovation projects Over the past twelve months we have put a concerted effort into redesigning the Carmelite Sisters website. How often have you visited the Carmelite Sisters website over the past 12 months?Multiple times a monthOnce a monthQuarterlyOnce a yearI haven't visited the site in the past 12 months.I was unaware the Carmelite Sisters had a website.Please share with us your main purpose for visiting the CS website over these past 12 months. Learn more about the Carmelite Mission Learn more about the services you provide Learn more about the discernment process Read blog posts Access photos and slideshows Garner information about upcoming events Make a donation What sections of the website would you like to see enhanced? Vocation Information Involvement Opportunities Spiritual Enhancement Opportunities Ways to donate Multi-media (photos, videos, sound clips etc.) We are constantly evaluating our outreach and solicitation methods. Please inform us of your preferred contact method: Mail Email Phone Would you like to hear from the Carmelite Sisters on a monthly basis? 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text:
No, put the filter in a zip lock bag, pour in some oil. Press the air out of the bag and close it so that the oil's solvent doesn't escape. Now kneed the bag untill all the oil is dispersed, add some if necessary.
i tried that..it was hard to get it evenly spread..maybe ill try more oil next time


text:
I will admit to reading all three Fifty Shades books. In my defense, let me explain how that came about. A few years ago, I had heard of the first book but had not payed much attention because I stopped reading romance novels since my late teens. My sister-in-law and I were talking during a shopping trip and she was singing its praises. So, while in the mall, I passed a book store and decided to investigate.
Despite the bad writing, the first few pages whet my appetite because I had never read or thought much about bondage, dominance and sadomasochistic sex. However, by the end of the first book, I skipped a few repetitive pages, was annoyed by the writing, irritated with the childish nature of the female lead, and I became more intrigued about the psychological state of Mr Grey. This curiosity about the genesis of his obsessive compulsive personality disorder ie. super ridged controlling behaviors motivated me to waste money on the next two. After more page skipping and quick browsing, I got what I wanted.
Years later, the books are a movie and the female readers are either excited to see their mental fantasy come to life or disappointed because the chosen cast does not match their fantasy. Most people and the critics make fun that the readership is bored housewives and lonely single women. I would even further clarify that the readership encompasses both single and married non-Christian AND Christian women who could use a little sexual rejuvenation in their nether region.
People do not typically crave what they already have unless they are greedy. Sex and greedy are never synonymous. I also speculate that most of the women who read the trilogy would not entertain BDSM in their normal sex lives. However, it seems that this clamoring for a poorly written fantasy debunks a myth that most women have limited interests in sex and it awaken a dormant desire for women to have good passionate and orgasmically satisfying sex incorporated in their lives.
Sexually explicit books have been around. Years ago during my frequent visits to Barnes and Noble, there were novels in the Psych/Sexuality section for all to browse. This trilogy seem to hit a nerve and women are passively saying we could use a little more action in and out of the bedroom. I wonder if the married women who read the books ever find the courage to open a conversation with their spouses about their sexual wants in the relationship.
For years, women have been solely blamed for the demise of sex in a relationship due to lack of interest but we are learning that there is more to the story than meets the eye. Take for instance, research is showing that more women are adding porn to their fantasy library. Biologically, it does not take much to get a man up, ready and done; however, women's sexual engines do need a little more warming up and attention. Men are slowly starting to learn (women should be telling them) that a women's sexual epicenter does not always reside in the feminine hole.
When people make fun of sexually frustrated women who read fantasy yet has a partner residing in the household, their jest is slightly misplaced. Fantasy from a novel or porn does not satisfy any frustrated woman but it becomes a distraction from the reality of their sexually starving situation. On the other hand, if men can take ownership of their shortcomings in the sex department, then that can go a long way in a relationship. I do agree that a woman who fakes an orgasm misleads the hubby into thinking he had done a good job for both of them. His ignorance will continue to lead to poor satisfaction for her, a deeper indulgence in unrealistic fantasies, and a long stretch of sexual frustration on her part.


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Tag CloudAgave air layering albizia Alcataz Island Alcatraz alcatraz gardens Alcatraz interns Alcatraz Island alcatraz plants archeology banana slug Bardou Job; heirloom rose centranthus concrete cordyline dividing drought tolerant echium Fasciation Florilegium Gardens gladiolus hedera heirloom invasives iris phenology photography Plants Propagation Sustainable Gardening The Garden Conservancy volunteer
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Category Archives: History
The Worst of the Worst
The Federal Prison on Alcatraz was meant for the 'worst of the worst'. Inmates only got sent to Alcatraz because they were behaving badly at another prison; in a way, they had to earn their way to Alcatraz.
But what if you are a plant? And you are misbehaving? And you are already on Alcatraz?
This seems to be the case with our Agaves.
While the island was operating as a military fortress to protect the Bay, and later as a military prison, Agave americana were brought to the island in the early 1920s in attempts to landscape the island. The plant proved to be ideal for growing in the dry, rocky soil with little water or care. But this plant has a defense mechanism of its own. Perhaps it is not commonly known, but Agaves can cause skin irritations when the sap comes into contact with people's skin.
While not everyone is afflicted, a few of my volunteers have had reactions to being poked by the thorns or have developed a skin reaction with itching and blistering because of the sap. The sap contains calcium oxalate crystals, acrid oils, saponins, and other compounds, but it seems the calcium oxalate is responsible for the irritation.
A quick search on Wikipedia found that – "The juice from many species of agave can cause acute contact dermatitis. It will produce reddening and blistering lasting one to two weeks. Episodes of itching may recur up to a year thereafter, even though there is no longer a visible rash. Irritation is, in part, caused by calcium oxalate raphides. Dried parts of the plants can be handled with bare hands with little or no effect. If the skin is pierced deeply enough by the needle-like ends of the leaf from a vigorously growing plant, this can also cause blood vessels in the surrounding area to erupt and an area some 6–7 cm across appear to be bruised. This may last up to two to three weeks."
There are three types of Agaves on the
island – Agave americana, which has established itself on hillsides and needs minimal care, while in the gardens, we have introduced Agave attenuata and Agave parryi. The Agave attenuata is my favorite! Not surprisingly, it has smooth leaves and no thorns. The Agave parryi, has a different story. This low growing blue leaved succulent has black spines along the margins of the leaves and the tip – very nice to look at, but not nice to weed around.
Like a bad sibling, this plant has been cursed at more often than any other plant on the island, and is one step away from the compost pile after pricking the volunteer that stewards the succulent slope. Instead of being sent to 'D' Block aka, the compost pile, Agave parryi will be isolated on a slope outside of the rec yard, far away from any well-meaning hands. With a view of the Golden Gate and city, Agave parryi, can think long and hard about what it has done! Or perhaps, it will think 'alone at last, now I can enjoy the view'.
But it's a Rock…
Even though Alcatraz is a rock, greywackle sandstone to be exact, erosion is taking its toll.
Originally, the island had two summits that were blasted down by the military when the island was used as a fortress and later a military prison. Steep cliffs were created and the roadways that we walk today were carved into the hillsides. The Commander of the Army, and later, the Warden of the Federal Prison, picked the best vantage point to build his home on Alcatraz, of course, he picked the top of the island overlooking the Parade Ground.
The cliff that the Warden's House is perched upon has been slowly crumbling over the past few decades. This month, work was started to stabilize the cliff with placing shotcrete, to preserve the cliff and the historic home. Shotcrete is a mortar that is more dense, homogenous, stronger and waterproof compared to concrete. Shotcrete is sprayed onto the cliff, usually over a mesh, through a hose at high speed, so it can even be applied to vertical surfaces – making it a great choice to stabilize cliffs.
Workers first dangled over the cliff to remove vegetation and loose rock. A huge pile of Agave americana soon accumulated. These plants are truly amazing to cling to rock.
This week, the crew color coded the locations for placement of dowels that would be used to secure the mesh and bond the shotcrete (white) to the cliff face, weep holes to provide drainage (blue) and the locations of deeper rock bolts (orange).
The work to stabilize the cliff will continue to the end of January. Visitors can watch the work progress and it is pretty interesting to see preservation of this historic landmark in progress.
Posted in History Comments Off on But it's a Rock…
A New Shortcut to Explore
I'll let you in on a little secret – now is the best time to visit Alcatraz. The Thanksgiving crowds have gone home and the holiday season hasn't started yet. The ferries are not packed, which means you can buy a ticket the day of. And even better, the island is lush and green, the daffodils are blooming and the hummingbirds are zipping around.
The island feels almost tranquil, especially the gardens. Normally quiet, even during the summer, the Prisoner Gardens on the west side of the island typically only sees visitors when the weather is particularly beautiful. In the winter, it is possible to work for hours in the gardens without saying hello to anyone. So, I had a bit of a surprise while working yesterday on the west side – the gardens actually felt busy. I wondered what was going on and then I realized – people were on the wrong side of the gate – in the CLOSED area!
Following the stream of people, I entered the Laundry Building and spoke to the National Park Service Intern, Nora. It seems like the Park decided to open the building doors and let visitors experience this normally 'off limits' shortcut.
This additional visitor access is pretty special – not only do visitors get to see more of the island, but now they can walk around the island through the Laundry Building instead of backtracking. The visitors are also walking in the steps of the inmates – walking through the gardens and seeing the city in the distance while on their way to work in the Laundry Building.
The cliché of being so close yet so far, probably never had a better example.
Even though you will not need to book ahead to visit during the winter months, don't leave it until the last minute. This area will close for February 1 as Brandt's Cormorants return to nest in a nearby area.
Posted in Gardens of Alcatraz, History, Inmate Gardeners Comments Off on A New Shortcut to Explore
Honoring Antonia Adezio, Garden Conservancy President
This week the Garden Conservancy celebrated ten years of our West Coast Council programs. We also gathered to honor Antonia Adezio, our President, who is stepping down in December.
We reflected on our goal of having a bigger impact on West Coast gardeners. Looking around the room Wednesday evening at the close-knit community of gardeners, the Garden Conservancy has certainly excelled at this. In a way, it reminded me of what Freddie Riechel, the first secretary to the Warden challenged himself with when he took on caring for the gardens on Alcatraz back in 1933. Riechel reached out to expert horticulturists to keep the tradition of gardening on the Rock going. The Garden Conservancy has done the same, seeking advice from the West Coast Council and professionals to create educational programs to connect experts to local gardeners and to further develop preservation project gardens.
Antonia joined the newly founded Garden Conservancy in 1989 at the request of Frank Cabot. With the organization firmly established on the East Coast, the board of directors determined that in 202, the organization was ready to have a regional office based in San Francisco. Shortly after, the Garden Conservancy was enticed by the National Park Service and the Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy to form a partnership to restore the Gardens of Alcatraz. The neglected historic gardens quickly became a passion for Antonia. As part of the evening's ceremonies, I had the honor to present a brief history of our work on the island and to highlight our accomplishments with bringing the gardens back to life.
Antonia's leadership throughout her time with the Conservancy has shaped the success , especially with Alcatraz, and her vision will be continued as we carry on. I like to think that every garden holds onto some characteristic of their caretakers, even as the caretakers move on. I see this especially in the old gardens on Alcatraz – the surviving apple trees that still bear fruit, the inmate built terraces, and perhaps the greatest mark left – the decision by the Garden Conservancy get involved to restore the gardens for the future enjoyment for all.
Posted in Gardens of Alcatraz, History, Inmate Gardeners Tagged Alcatraz, Gardens, The Garden Conservancy Comments Off on Honoring Antonia Adezio, Garden Conservancy President
Small Changes, Big Challenges
Gardens are all about change – hopefully for the better, but they are never still. With any change, it can almost be expected to face challenges; and this is especially true when you are gardening on Alcatraz.
This week, the gardens saw the installation of a new pipe railing, albeit a pipe rail that was historically there, but had long ago disappeared. The Officers' Row gardens, opened to the visitors on mid-day Wednesdays suddenly had the new addition seemingly overnight. The approval and installation of the pipe rail was the easy part; getting the pipe rail to the island proved to be the real challenge.
The pipe rail is evident in several photos from the Federal Penitentiary days, and with the obvious hazard, it was approved by the National Park Service review board fairly quickly.
The metal pipe rail was assembled off-site by Heavy Metal Iron and was planned to be brought to the island on an early morning boat. However, at the last moment, the 14'section was denied passage and another plan had to be drawn up. A second attempt was made. This time, the railing was scheduled to be on the early morning barge; but was hampered by the landing at Pier 33 being repaved. The third attempt took advantage of the monthly barge that sails out of Pier 50 and the railing was delivered safe and sound. Success!
Once the railing was on the island, it still had to be hauled up the switchbacks to the gardens. The guys had planned ahead and had brought a dolly to support the railing as they walked up the hill, and the exercise proved to be a good workout.
Installing the railing was pretty simple – coring the concrete to sink the posts, double checking that the railing was sitting level, filing the metal to have a snug fit and then a quick set mortar was used to hold the railing posts in place.
The railing looks like it has always been there and I'm sure the seagulls will be happy to christen it when they return in February.
Posted in Gardens of Alcatraz, History, Rehabilitation Comments Off on Small Changes, Big Challenges
Unveiling the Water Tower
Instead of being asked gardening
questions, a common question visitors and locals alike have been asking is 'What is that white covered tower on the island?' The tower in question is the water tower that has been wrapped in protective plastic while repair work has been done.
The water tower was first built in 1940–41 primarily to hold fresh water that would be used for laundry services. The Federal penitentiary provided laundry service for the Army and inmates were put to work doing laundry. The sea air and wind have been punishing the tower ever since.
For the past year, workers have been busy removing rust, safely removing lead paint, repairing the iron work, and painting the structure with a coat of primer (Macropoxy 646) and two coats of finish paint (Sher-Cryl), the same paint that is used for painting the Golden Gate Bridge, except the water tower is not done in 'International Orange'.
The work began with the construction of the scaffolding last October 24, 2011 and it was amazing to just watch the ant-like workers build up the scaffolding. The scaffolding was then wrapped in a heavy duty white plastic tarp for a few reasons – reduce disturbance of nearby nesting seabirds, safety of the workers and lead abatement. In a funny way, locals that have gazed at the outline of the island for years suddenly forgot what was there before it was wrapped.
This past week, I was invited for a trip up to the top of the water tower, somewhere I had never been before on the island! Walking into the tent at the bottom, I had to smile seeing a clump of Chasmanthe emerging; ever resilient, this island survivor never gives up.
On a windless day, walking up the levels of scaffolding was easy and the plastic wrapping hid just how far off the ground I was. Apparently, on a windy day, the whole structure hums.
Kyle Winn, project superintendent for MTM Builders Inc. explained the more fascinating parts of the repair work.
How many workers on the crew? 11 to erect the scaffolding, 5 to do the steel repairs and 3 to paint the structure.
How much original metal is left on the structure? Approximately 85% of the steel is original.
Where did the new steel come from? Kentucky.
How many gallons of paint were used? 350 gallons.
How long did it take to paint? 2 months.
How much did the repairs cost? $1.541 million.
The catwalk around the top of the tower is still original and Kyle was impressed with the quality of steel used when the tower was first constructed. The walking platform is about ½ inch in thickness and solid, not showing any signs of rust. Kyle pointed out the name of the company where the original steel was made – Tennessee. New construction consisted of a new roof along with the supporting top one foot of the water tank itself.
The repaired tower will not hold any water,
but its reconstruction was important as the water tower contributes to the National Historic Landmark that Alcatraz is. The Native American graffiti is also an important part of the island's history and has been repainted.
The scaffolding is already coming down and the new water tower will be unveiled!
Posted in History, Rehabilitation Comments Off on Unveiling the Water Tower
The Unknown Alcatraz
Having local Bay Area residents visit Alcatraz is a pretty rare occurrence, and when it does happen, it is usually when they have out-of-town visitors in tow. Very seldom do locals take the 10-minute ferry ride out on the Bay to see their closest National Park.
But this is changing.
Obscura Society, hosts 'unusual adventures for curious minds', specializes in tours with unusual access, secret places and unknown history. The Gardens of Alcatraz definitely matches all of these criteria.
Annetta, from the Obscura Society, and her group came out this past Sunday for a tour of the gardens and then pitched in for a couple hours of volunteering.
The energetic group met me at Pier 33 and it was easy to tell it was going to be a fun afternoon. The group, many of whom were meeting for the first time, all had shared interests of history, plants and doing something different.
Beginning the tour at the dock, the group was asked the question "What do you think of when you hear the word Alcatraz"? The group spoke up with descriptive words of 'prison', 'island', 'Al Capone', 'cold'; but no one said 'gardens', the very reason that they were there.
The hour and a half walking tour led the group through all areas of the gardens, including two closed areas, and finished on the west side of the island in the Prisoner Gardens. As we walked through the gardens, a group member really understood the importance of passing along family stories from one generation to the next, sharing with me how she asked her grandfather to tell her about his past before he sadly passed away. This sharing of history is part of what we are doing on the island – passing along stories.
Timely, the island's Alumni Day is this coming Saturday, August 11; when past residents of the island come back and share with visitors their experiences and what life was really like on the Rock.
If you cannot make it to the island this Saturday, plan on checking out what you can learn about your own neighborhood, or even better, ask your grandparents to tell you a story.
Posted in History Comments Off on The Unknown Alcatraz
This past Monday marked the 50th anniversary of the famous escape of the Anglin brothers and Frank Morris, as portrayed by Clint Eastwood in the movie Escape from Alcatraz. Cleverly arranging to be in cells next to each other, four men planned the elaborate escape. Back in 1962, seating at meal times was arranged by cell location – meaning that the foursome sat at their own table and had every meal to plan and update each other on their progress. Planning likely took a year and a half before beginning a six month dig out through the back concrete wall surrounding the air vents of their cells. Their route would take them up to the roof through the utility corridor. Unfortunately, all that planning could not have predicted that when Allen West dug through the back of his cell, he encountered a pipe that would let him go no further. The three remaining inmates fled to the water where they used homemade rafts to brave the frigid waters of San Francisco Bay.
Family of the Anglin brothers was on the island along with many members of the media to speculate if the trio made it or not. With the three still officially wanted by the FBI, the search continues.
There are a number of other escapees; however they get much less press coverage – the plants.
After the closure of the prison in 1963, the gardens were abandoned, leaving the plants on their own to either perish without the constant care of gardeners; or to thrive. These garden escapees chose to thrive and are well suited to dry windy summers, poor rocky soil and near constant wind. If a plant can cope with these conditions, it almost deserves its freedom by growing where it pleases.
High on the wanted list (or unwanted list as the case may be) are the usual suspects – ivy, blackberry, and honey suckle. A few other plants are more recognized as 'garden plants' – calla lily, Chasmanthe floribunda, sweet pea and Acanthus mollis. Nasturtiums try to sneak into most garden areas – sending their long tendrils cautiously at first, and then before you know it, the vine is 10 feet long and clambering over its neighbors. The most dramatic escape, almost comparable to the Great Escape of 1962, is Elliot Michener's fig tree. In the forty years of the gardens being neglected, the fig was happy to spread out and take over a portion of the west lawn. This escape has a happy ending, as now the overgrown vegetation provides habitat for snowy egrets, which are back on the island, right now in fact, raising their chicks amongst the ripening figs.
The escapees give a glimpse of what introduced plants will do on an abandoned plot of land, and what other creatures will find opportunity with a new habitat created.
A chat with Russ Beatty
This past Friday, I had the pleasure of showing Russ Beatty the restored gardens. Beatty was one of the authors of the Gardens of Alcatraz book that was published in 1996, long before the Alcatraz Historic Gardens Project began in 2003.
Beatty is a Professor Emeritus of the Department of Landscape Architecture at the University of California in Berkeley. His interest in historical landscapes is initially what got him interested in the Gardens of Alcatraz. In 1995, he was asked by the Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy to write a chapter for an upcoming book (Gardens of Alcatraz) that the Parks Conservancy hoped would draw attention to the withering gardens on the island.
Beatty delved into researching the gardens – combing through National Park Service archives for letters and photos that would provide a glimpse of the people who created and tended the gardens. He also set about trying to find people to interview that could give a first-hand account of gardening on the Rock. The National Park Service hosts an annual Alumni Day on Alcatraz where past residents (guards and their families and inmates) come back to the Rock and share their stories. Ever hopeful, Beatty sent a questionnaire to the Alumni visiting the island that August day in 1995. Amazingly, he had one response – from Elliot Michener, inmate number AZ 578, who was there and sent Beatty a long letter after he returned to his home. The letter detailed his experiences gardening on the island. Many of his quotes are in the book as well as on interpretive signs in the gardens and are used throughout our website.
At the time, Elliot lived in Sierra Madre and Beatty travelled twice to his home to interview him. Beatty had a difficult time drawing Elliot out of himself but recalls that his home, a rented basement flat in a cottage, was sparsely decorated. He photographed Michener, age 89, under a bougainvillea growing outside in the yard. Elliot recounted one incident on the island shortly
after he started working as the houseboy for Warden Swope and his wife. It seemed that the previous inmate houseboy had built a still to make moonshine in the Warden's attic. Fearing of being blamed for the still if it was discovered, and no doubt losing his new earned position and the perks it came with, he quickly disassembled the still and buried the pieces in the garden. The Warden's garden is one of the remaining historic gardens on the island that has not been restored yet, perhaps if we do, we will turn up pieces of copper – at least we will have an explanation ready for the finds.
A year after the book was published, Beatty found himself along on a Garden Conservancy Fellows Tour of Napa Valley. Antonia Adezio, President of the Garden Conservancy, was also there. Beatty excitedly shared a copy of the book with her – planting the seed for the partnership project that would eventually save the gardens.
Beatty is now gathering research for an article for Site Lines, a journal of the Foundation for Landscape Studies, and he was on the island to interview myself and take a look at what has become of the gardens. After Beatty had asked all of his questions, I had a chance to ask him some of my own, after all, here is a gentleman who has actually spoken with Elliot Michener, the inmate that is talked about quite a lot on our docent led tours and whom we credit the development of the inmate gardens largely to.
Do you see any specialness in the story of the Gardens of Alcatraz?
The story ties together a great deal of California and US history — the fortress built as a result of the Civil War to protect the Bay; the reshaping of the land as a fort, but also recognizing the innate human need for beautification through gardens and gardening; the solace and relief gardeners from the military prison as well as the Federal penitentiary found in their creativity and work in making and tending gardens – – early unintentional horticultural therapy; the changes that these efforts made in the lives of hardened criminals; the gardens as expressions of beauty by both families and inmates in an effort to live in such an inhospitable environment, and the story the gardens bring to the visiting public whose main interest is rather macabre about the Federal period criminals such as Al Capone (the softer side of the story). Also the fact that such a rich palette of plants has been able to survive through long neglect in such a hostile place — a created ecology.
If you could interview Elliot Michener again, what three questions would you ask him?
• How were you treated by your fellow inmates when told of your gardening experiences?
• Tell me more about Capt. Weinhold; how else did he help you other than giving you gloves and seeds?
• What brought you to Los Angeles; tell me more about your lady friend and the gardening you did for her.
Perhaps one day, Beatty will be able to write another book about our chapter in history and how these once neglected historic gardens have found new life. Beatty sent me a quote from J.B Jackson that 'there is a necessity of ruins. Places need to decay before they are well understood and their importance gives rise to discovery and restoration'. This quote really is the essence of the Gardens of Alcatraz. For so long they had been abandoned, but they are now revitalized and telling the softer side of Alcatraz's history.
Posted in History 2 Comments
No Garden is an Island
This past Friday the Garden Conservancy hosted a meeting for the Bay Area Gardens Network (Bagnet). Bagnet is represented by all the major public gardens in the Bay Area. Gardens from UC Botanical Gardens, Cornerstone in Sonoma, Filoli, Mendocino Botanical Gardens, Presidio Trust, and Merritt Lake in Oakland, just to name a few, attended. Looking around the room, it was impressive to see the wealth of knowledge that was gathered. We started the meeting by introducing ourselves by stating 1) where we worked, 2) what we liked most about our work, and 3) what we least liked about our work. Going around the room, the common answers were for most liked – seeing visitors enjoying the gardens; while the least liked typically involved budget cuts and wearing multiple hats to get the job done.
The idea of a Bay Area garden group started in 1996 and was the idea of Richard Turner, editor of Pacific Horticulture magazine. Turner saw a need for Bay Area gardens, of all sizes and types, to keep in touch with each other and discuss various issues that everyone faces among gardens; as well as providing an excellent network for staff of all the gardens. With many unique gardens around the Bay Area, it is worth promoting and helping each other, instead of feeling the need to compete for visitors and resources.
The day's agenda had a few topics of great interest; one being creating a more comprehensive website that lists all the Bay Area gardens and activities scheduled. Currently, a website does exist, www.bayareagardens.org, led by Pacific Horticulture. Updates are being planned for this website so stay tuned!
I had the pleasure to update the group on the progress of the Gardens of Alcatraz for the past five years – in 10 minutes! I had a lot to cover but I managed to fit in the highlights – accomplishing five garden area rehabilitations, logging 40 000 volunteer hours to date, noting our sustainability achievements of the water catchment and composting sites; and describing our outreach efforts – 8 new waysides around the island, the self-guided brochure, free docent tours twice a week and the 'Ask the Gardener' open garden on Wednesdays; as well as providing our garden t-shirt for purchase in the bookstore and receiving a royalty on each one sold, and our ever-improving website, including this blog! Whew! A lot has been done.
Chatting with members afterwards, many people commented on some aspect of my presentation that they had experienced themselves or were considering undertaking. In the afternoon, the group was toured through the Presidio by Michael Boland. We were fortunate to have him for the afternoon as he showed us the natural areas that had been rehabilitated, the community involvement taking place, as well as the infrastructure of the Doyle Drive bridge construction project, going through the historic Presidio.
Through the course of the afternoon, I realized that Alcatraz is not really an island. Michael's history of the military in the Presidio linked Alcatraz to that key time period when the military landscaped their bases, when much of Alcatraz was planted. Island residents were focused on gardening and improving their home. Even today, Alcatraz is connected by being part of the garden network in the Bay Area. This of course, made me realize that even though I work on an island, I'm not isolated in my challenges, and that any success achieved benefits all the area gardens with the sharing of knowledge.
Posted in Gardens of Alcatraz, History Comments Off on No Garden is an Island


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Natural-gas plan for state vehicles
Gov. John Hickenlooper's administration is evaluating possibilities to increase use of compressed natural gas in state vehicles.
In November, Hickenlooper and Oklahoma Gov. Mary Fallin signed an agreement designed to boost the use of natural gas in state fleet vehicles. The Governor's Energy Office in Colorado is looking into ways to support local efforts to increase use of the fuel in vehicles, such as ones going on in Garfield and Mesa counties.
Alex Schroeder, senior manager for transportation fuels for the Governor's Energy Office, said the effort makes sense, considering Colorado exports three-quarters of the natural gas it produces, even as it imports oil. He said natural gas is cheaper than gasoline and burns cleaner.
The agreement between Colorado and Oklahoma subsequently has been joined by Kentucky, Wyoming, Utah, New Mexico, Pennsylvania, Maine, West Virginia and Texas. The states agreed to jointly issue a request for proposal to supply them natural-gas-powered vehicles, in hopes of promoting domestic manufacture of such vehicles.
Schroeder said Colorado's government has roughly 10,000 vehicles.
"It's a pretty wide range, and we're kind of looking at, in that fleet: What role does natural gas play? Where can it really provide some benefits?" he said. "It's obviously going to be a function of budget as well."
Officials are analyzing the range of vehicles in the state, and which ones are up for replacement and might be replaced by vehicles that run on natural gas.
Natural gas producers such as Encana Oil & Gas (USA) and governmental entities such as Garfield and Weld counties and the city of Grand Junction have been pursuing efforts to increase use of natural gas in vehicles. Those efforts have focused on things such as getting stations built that dispense the fuel and encouraging purchase of vehicles that use it, or conversion of existing ones to use it.
While Schroeder's office provided grant support for fueling stations in Rifle and Grand Junction, he said its ability to provide grants is limited. Still, he said removing barriers to natural gas use in vehicles is "one of our top priorities for this office going forward."
Schroeder said his office is working to help local efforts through means such as considering where state vehicles that use natural gas should be positioned around Colorado, to take advantage of and support fueling stations.


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Erie County (PA) Genealogy
Fairview Township History of Fairview Township
Contributed by Rich Biondi
The article below has been transcribed by Rich Biondi from an article published in the March 16, 1871 issue of the Erie Gazette newspaper. It was one of series of articles written for the Erie Gazette by Captain N. W. Russell covering the history of Erie County. If anyone has any questions or comments concerning this article, please contact Rich Biondi directly.
This is one of the original townships in name, but its boundary lines have been greatly reduced since the first laying out Girard and Franklin having taken large portions of the original territory. It now contains 15,824 acres and 375 taxables. As it now is there is probably less waste land and more fertile soil than any other township in the county. The south end of this township is the most fertile and best adapted for grain growing then the southern end of any other of the lake townships. For this purpose it is unquestionably the best land in the county. A part of Fairview lies south of the old state or triangle line.
Walnut creek crosses the north-eastern part. This creek empties into the lake. Elk creek crosses the southern portion and runs into Girard township. Both these streams have high, bluff banks, with but little waste land on either of them.
The first settlers were nearly all of Protestant Irish stock. Many were born in Ireland and some in this country. Francis Scott located here as early as 1796, and at quite an advanced age died in the township in 1851. For a year previous to 1796 he had been in the employ of Thomas Rees while surveying the land in the triangle.
The Harrisburg and Presque Isle land Company was organized in Dauphin county in 1796 and elected Colonel Thomas Forster as agent. He came on here forthwith and after looking over the county, picking out lots in various parts, he selected a large quantity of land at the mouth of Walnut creek, on the lake shore twelve miles west of Erie, and gave it the name of Fairview, because of the beautiful prospect of the lake from the mouth of the creek and its banks. The name was subsequently applied to the whole township.
John and George Nicholson were born in Ireland, and while they were yet young boys emigrated with their parents to America. The family landed at New Castle, Delaware, and proceeded to Lancaster county, Pennsylvania. In 1797, these two brothers married and came to this county, choosing a location in this township. John died in Millcreek in 1827 and George in Fairview in 1834. Their descendants are still the owners and residents of the first locations, and are well known to the readers of the Gazette. Of Georges sons, but two (William and Alexander) are still living. Their lands extend into Millcreek and Fairview townships, owning on both sides of the line. William has been a resident in South Erie for the past twenty years.
John Kelso located near the mouth of Walnut creek in 1797, but removed to Millcreek in 1800, and afterwards to Erie, where he died in 1819. Richard Swan located in 1797, and eleven years later his demise is recorded. His descendants still occupy the old grounds. Patrick Vance, the McKees Alexander, Patrick and John Jeremiah and William Sturgeon, and William Haggarty, were also among the settlers of 1797. Mr. Vance died at his first location in 1814. The McKees subsequently changed their location to Millcreek, where Patrick died in 1813. John in 1814, and Alexander in 1834. The Sturgeon brothers located on Trout Run Jeremiah dying there in 1819, and William surviving till 1838. Mr. Haggarty preferred a farm in the south-eastern part of the township, and located there in 1797.
Colonel Forster brought his family to Erie in the year 1800, and resided there until his death in 1836. He built the first saw-mill at Fairview in 1797, and had a grist mill put up which was finished in 1800.
The first of the class of people commonly called Pennsylvania Dutch that came to Erie county from Lancaster were John Riblet and his sons, who located in Harborcreek, and Christian and Jacob Ebersole. These persons arrived here in 1801. Christian Ebersole first located in Harborcreek. Two years subsequently he removed to Millcreek. His brother Jacob located in Fairview, where he remained until 1810, when he sold his place to Moses Barnett, of Dauphin county, and thence removed to Knox county, Ohio, where he died in 1832. The first German families of the lake shore valley were remarkable for their honesty, industry, economy, and perseverance. They were people who would prosper in any county. Their descendants are large in number, well known, and among our very best citizens.
James Moorhead was the only one of that large family who located outside of Harborcreek. He chose a farm in Fairview. He was also a useful citizen.
William Arbuckle came to this township in 1802, and after residing here thirty years, removed to Millcreek, where he died in 1863. James Arbuckle also decided to become a citizen of the same place in 1802. After residing there many years, he removed to Painsville, Ohio, to close this mortal life.
Thomas Kennedy located near Trout Run in 1800. Joseph M. Kratz (a Frenchman), opened a small store near the mouth of Walnut creek in 1802, and was early appointed a Justice of the Peace. He subsequently removed to Erie, and served some years as County Treasurer, and finally died in January 1849, a pauper.
Thomas McCreary early settled in this township, and was among the earliest appointed Justices of the Peace. For a time he taught school in Fairview, and thence removed to Millcreek, where he died in 1833.
Rev. Johnston Eaton first visited Erie county in the year 1805, and remained only a brief period. After spending a year in southern Ohio, he returned hither in 1806. He was the first permanent resident Presbyterian minister in the county. His first sermon was preached in a small log tavern at the mouth of Walnut creek, kept by Captain Swan. The county at this time was literally a wilderness. The mighty grand old forest, was hardly broken by the woodmans axe. There were not more than two or three churches in the county, and the period of his coming, not a minister of any denomination. He was ordained by the Presbytery of Erie on the 30th day of June 1808. The services were held in William Sturgeons barn, near the present site of the village of Fairview. He was installed at the same time pastor of the congregations of Fairview and Springfield, a relation he sustained to the former during the remainder of his life, a period of forty years. He was released from the charge of Springfield on the 8th of November, 1814. He then divided his time between Fairview, Erie, and North East. This arrangement continued until 1818, when North East was dropped, and his time divided between Erie and Fairview, until 1823.
The fragment of an old journal recites something of his early experience: Preached three months in the congregations of Fairview, Springfield, and Millcreek (probably near Erie), beginning July, 1800, at ninety dollars per quarter.
In the year 1813, during the war with Great Britain, he was employed as a government chaplain, and ministered to the troops stationed at Erie. He also preached for a portion of his time at Harborcreek, Waterford, Washington, and McKean, in Erie County, PA. He continued to labor in the congregation of Fairview until the close of his earthly tolls. He met with the people for the last time in December 1846, when feeling that it was the last time, he committed them to God and the word of his grace, when his people separated, not to meet again until they met to mingle their tears over his grave. His death took place what had been his earthly home for nearly forty years, on the 17th day of June, 1847, in the seventy-second year of his age, and the forty-third of his ministry.
The widow of Rev. J. Eaton now in her ninety-first year still survives, a resident of Fairview. She had a large family (nine children), most of whom are still living, and are well known, useful and highly respected citizens.
These early families and their descendants have formed the solid stock of Fairview township, although many recent comers are worthy of notice, as they have added materially to the wealth and prosperity of that region. Charles Lord purchased the property at the mouth of Walnut creek, and commenced the work of erecting mills thereon in 1829. He named the place Manchester. His early death undoubtedly checked its growth. The property has since changed hands frequently, but no one seems to have been able to carry out Mr. Lords plans, hence today Manchester has no importance. The mills on Walnut creek, owned for many years by the Nicholsons, have always had a good reputation; likewise, the mills erected by Daniel Bear. In the death of this gentleman, an active and useful citizen was lost to the community.
John Caughey and Samuel McCreary early located in this township. Some of their sons have become quite prominent business men. Miles W. Caughey, son of John, was elected Sheriff in 1846, and served a full term with usefulness to the county and credit to himself. David Russell located in the extreme south part of the township in 1822, where he resided until his death a few years ago. He was a useful citizen, and won the esteem of all who knew him.
The first school house in Fairview was built in 1804, on the east bank of School-house Run, on tract No. 284 a little east of Manchester. John Linn a revolutionary soldier, was the first teacher in the winter of 1804-05: the second teacher was William Gordon. His son John was the first person that had arrived at the age of maturity who died in Fairview. His demise occurred in 1805, and his remains were buried on the bank of Lake Erie, and have never been removed.
Fairview township has been considerably reduced since the original boundary lines were set, yet within its present territorial limits it has a population that have accumulated considerable wealth, and in agricultural resources ranks among the first in the county. The character and intelligence of the people can easily be inferred when we state that they have established churches and schools in every direction.
Fairview Borough, Fairview Station, Manchester and Swantown are the villages that have grown up with in the borders of this township. Flouring mills, paper mills, clothing and fulling mills are the most important manufacturing establishments in the township. A large portion of the land has been owned for many years by Pennsylvania German farmers, who are as good as citizens as they are good farmers.
This page was last updated on Tuesday, September 9, 2003
Return to Erie County Genealogy
Return to Fairview Township
Return to Erie County History


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I'm about to finish my undergrad and hear about the terrible job market. It seems like students with masters are at a better advantage to get hired. With that said, I wanted to know if I'd have better chances of getting hired if I became proficient in say using grasshopper, parametric design or the 'popular software' out there today, OR would I be at a better advantage if I spent time obtaining architectural technology/construction detailing knowledge and skills?
It seem like wayyy too many students know how to use fancy software and parametric design but usually don't have much clue or properly understand the whys and hows to draft a construction detail other than copying details from books or manufacturers ofcourse. I'm guilty for one hence my question.. :)
Both of those would be 'helpful' but as someone who went through this same thing a couple years ago, I can say that they wont score you a job. What will score you a job is meeting the right person. Spend your time finding out how to 'introduce' yourself to the architecture community where you want to work. Maybe you can volunteer somewhere, or ask a professor who likes you for help. Try and get a friend to get you hired (this is truly the best way to do it). Wish I had better suggestions but I spent all my time learning grasshopper and reading technical stuff until I got totally lucky and landed a job. I wouldn't really recommend that path (although grasshopper is super interesting, just learn it for yourself). Firms aren't going to really care that you read detail magazine and that you say you understand construction when you don't actually have the experience to prove it. You should do that stuff for yourself, but it wont help you get a job.
hahah i should have worded it a little different... I agree with you about landing that first job..
guess I should've said, what will help you retain a job better or make you more effective at work - knowledge of grasshopper/parametric design etc or knowledge in proper detailing?
i would suspect most firms don't really care if you know grasshopper. firms do need to do models and renderings of buildings, so if you use grasshopper in such a way as to do that better it might help. if you're the go-to guy on how to make revit work, that's a valuable skill and they will keep you around. however, that skill becomes less important with every new software update. you can keep up on learning new software, but ultimately your position at that firm becomes IT guy. from my limited experience, it seems the people running most architecture firms sincerely believe that if you take that IT path you would be incapable of designing a building. to say it another way, there is an IT position and there is an 'architect' position. in theory you should be able to do both, but in practice it tends to not work that way. you're building a glass ceiling for yourself on that path.
learn how buildings go together and your daily tasks would likely be more architecture related and less office support.
Wow, this is a wake up call i have been slaving over 3ds max bought vray, archicad, sketch up and others while juggling 5 courses in a state college and i am dong this for nothing. :(
I really need someone to take a look at my portfolio and give some tuff lov.
Why? good question the above comments made me feel as though i was wasting my time with learning different software.
I am a black man in Florida if that means anything. Here is my portfolio if you would like to show some tuff love.LOL
I remind you i am in a two year degree headed towards a architecture program located in Orlando.(valencia/ucf/uf)
no, MyDream, you're doing the right thing. I don't know about archicad... but learning how to render in 3dsMax and vray is invaluable. At least where I work, the more proficiently you render the more design opportunities/studies you are given. Keep honing your rendering skills, they will serve you well.
Thank you for your positive feed back i love this website and i try to tell as many people as i can about it at school to help people out as much as possible.
There are two books that i bought
Practice delivery book $70.00
CDT exam workbook $24.99
Take the exam to become a cdt technologist, a great way to show your competence in construction documents and project delivery.
Mind sharing the pdf with me? i can pay you for it.. just want to study.. don't really care about taking the exam
I would love to access i have it saved on a junk drive, but in order to take the test you must also have the practice delivery book as well. Anyways in order for me to email it to you i would want some kind of payment.: )
why not take the exam? It could lead you to other options for employment.
Are you sure you want to block this user and hide all related comments throughout the site?


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Climate Change Justice
Climate change and justice are so closely associated that many people take it for granted that a global climate treaty should--indeed, must--directly address both issues together. But, in fact, this would be a serious mistake, one that, by dooming effective international limits on greenhouse gases, would actually make the world's poor and developing nations far worse off. This is the provocative and original argument of Climate Change Justice. Eric Posner and David Weisbach strongly favor both a climate change agreement and efforts to improve economic justice. But they make a powerful case that the best--and possibly only--way to get an effective climate treaty is to exclude measures designed to redistribute wealth or address historical wrongs against underdeveloped countries.
In clear language, Climate Change Justice proposes four basic principles for designing the only kind of climate treaty that will work--a forward-looking agreement that requires every country to make greenhouse--gas reductions but still makes every country better off in its own view. This kind of treaty has the best chance of actually controlling climate change and improving the welfare of people around the world.
Eric A. Posner and David Weisbach teach at the University of Chicago Law School.
"Anyone taking part in the next round of climate negotiations in Mexico in December should take this book with them. It is . . . certainly a guide. Legislating for the future is always tricky. This area is trickier than most."--Sir Crispin Tickell, Financial Times
"[T]his book is a potent attack on an argument that is growing rapidly in popularity yet declining in clarity and focus. . . . Chapter 1 provides what must be one of the most comprehensive, comprehensible, and yet still succinct accounts of the science of anthropogenic climate change currently in print."--Jamison E. Colburn, Concurring Opinions blog
"[B]y reflecting so clearly on the current 'economic consensus', Posner and Weisbach provide a useful introduction to the current state of play in climate change politics."--Joy Paton, Australian Journal of Political Science
"To attract broad participation from the major countries emitting greenhouse gases, both rich and poor, a climate change treaty has to be cost-effective and perceived as fair. In this book, while agreeing that fairness matters, Posner and Weisbach make a provocative case that fairness has been widely misunderstood."--Jonathan B. Wiener, Duke University
"This incisive book points the only way forward on climate change. Posner and Weisbach carefully weigh the arguments on a wide range of issues, from what policies have the strongest merit to how we should value the welfare of future generations. The analysis is provocative, judicious, and accessible. Read these pages. They will clarify your thinking."--Richard J. Zeckhauser, Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University
Acknowledgments vii
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text:
Financing Growth
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In recent years, Saskatoon has experienced substantial growth, a pattern that is forecast to continue into the future. Growth provides many benefits but the service requirements that come with growth such as new roads, a supply of serviced land and new community facilities are substantial. The City plays the key role in addressing these requirements which have both operational and financial implications. As part of the City's strategic planning work, a study of the funding and financing aspects of growth was undertaken to better understand these implications.
The Financing Growth Study was commissioned in 2014 to better understand:
- the financial impact of growth;
- the costs of infrastructure and civic services to support population growth;
- the costs and benefits of different types of growth; and,
- the impact of growth on property taxes.
The general question that the report was trying to answer was: "Does population growth pay for necessary capital expenditures and operational services required to support growth?"
What has been completed so far?
The Financing Growth Study by Hemson Consulting Ltd. was presented to the former Executive Committee on April 20, 2015. The final report is available below, along with the Administration's report to Executive Committee.
The Growth Plan also explored options to address the costs of the new infrastructure required to meet the needs of growth.
What are we doing?
City Administration is currently developing a ten-year action plan (2017-2026) to guide implementation of the Growth Plan.
Part of that action plan will include methods to address the costs of new infrastructure requirements that support growth. The Administration will also be reporting back on the issues raised by the Hemson report.
What can you do?
Stay tuned to hear about future engagement opportunities related to Financing Growth.
Financing Growth Study (April 2015)– Hemson Consulting Ltd. (2 MB)
Financing Growth Study (November 2016) - Hemson Consulting Ltd. (5 MB)
Financing Growth FAQ (64 KB)
Financing Growth Administrative Report (235 KB)
Growth Plan Summary Report_April 2016 (13 MB)
Growth Plan Technical Report_February 2016 (48 MB)


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NEW YORK (Nov. 26)
Appalled by the reports of the intensified massextermination of Jews in Nazi-held Poland and other occupied territories, representatives of major Jewish organizations last night held a special conference under the chairmanship of Dr. Stephen S. Wise at which it was decided to take the following measures.
1. Make public the documents on the Nazi annihilation of Jews in Europe which were made available through the State Department, including the report of Hitler's recent decree ordering the extermination of all Jews in the Reich and in occupied countries by the end of 1942, which was obtained from high German officials.
2. Intervene with the U.S. Government to take effective measures which would force the Nazis to discontinue their wholesale murder of Jews.
3. Invite the aid of Christian organizations ready to protest against the Nazi massacres of the Jews in Europe.
4. Proclaim a Day of Mourning to be observed by fasting and prayers by Jews "in all the lands where Jews are still free."
Participating in the conference were representatives of the American Jewish Committee, the American Jewish Congress, Jewish Labor Committee, B'nai B'rith, World Jewish Congress, Agudath Israel, Synagogue Council of American and the Union of Orthodox Rabbis of America and Canada. The call for a day of mourning will also be signed by Dr. Chaim Weizmann, president of the Jewish Agency for Palestine, it was stated. A committee is to decide whether the Day of Mourning should be set for Sunday, December 6, or December 13.


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Girl, 15, arrested over 'Koran burning Facebook video'
Police have arrested a 15-year-old girl in the West Midlands after she allegedly set fire to an English language copy of the Koran and posted the video on Facebook.
The teenager was arrested and bailed last Friday on suspicion of inciting religious hatred over the alleged burning of the Muslim holy book.
She also purportedly posted a video of the incident on the internet via the social networking site Facebook.
A 14-year-old boy was also arrested and bailed this week in connection with the alleged incident, which is said to have taken place at a school in the Sandwell area two weeks ago.
The youngster reportedly made threats on the social networking site. According to the BBC, police have since removed two profiles from Facebook.
A spokesperson for West Midlands Police said: 'The local neighbourhood team have strong links with the school and have been working closely with key partners from the community and the local authority to resolve the matter locally.'
She added: 'West Midlands Police will investigate and monitor any crime reported by individuals who may have been targeted because of their disability, gender, race, religion or belief, sexual orientation or transgender.'
Earlier this year, six men were arrested in Gateshead following the appearance of a video on the internet which allegedly showed the group burning a copy of the Koran in a pub garden.


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Boost for first-time homebuyers
Residents looking to buy their first home could get a boost after Mesa County agreed to allocate nearly $3.6 million in bonds to the Colorado Housing and Finance Authority to finance affordable home mortgages for low- and middle-income homebuyers.
Private activity bonds are tax-exempt bonds that can be issued for a variety of purposes, including affordable housing, small-business financing, manufacturing, higher education and environmental projects.
The county last year transferred nearly $3.5 million in bonds to CHFA, which used the money to close more than $34 million in affordable home mortgages in the county, helping 213 buyers achieve home ownership, county officials said.
CHFA Executive Director and Chief Executive Officer Milroy A. Alexander said the authority estimates this year's bond allocation will generate $6.9 million in economic activity and create 48 new jobs in the county.


text: Science & Tech 24 September 2012 Chart of the day: Facebook report Sign up for our weekly email * Print HTML An unusual chart of the day, this one. What you are seeing is my friends – or at least the ones on Facebook. But anyone can make their own version of this chart. Wolfram|Alpha, the "knowledge engine" which, amongst other things, powers Siri, Apple's voice control/digital assistant software, has introduced a new feature allowing users to analyse data taken from their Facebook accounts. The above image is my personal "friend network" showing, in the two large clusters in the centre, all my friends from my school and university days, and then dotted around the outside, various smaller groups from old jobs, social groups and family. As well as revealing that some groups are alarmingly tightly-integrated with others – do that many people know my mum on Facebook?! – the charts also let you find out things about your friends in aggregate which you'd never know individually. Forget Tom, Dick and Harry; the most common first names amongst people I know are Tom, James and Alex (like attracts like?) with, apart from my family, Turner being the most common surname. Some of the stats, though, aren't so reliable. While I was briefly shocked that over a fifth of my friends are married, I soon remembered that most of them set that status as a joke several years ago and never got round to changing it. I'm pretty sure I'm still down as single too (which I'm not – sorry, everybody). And I'm certain that James wasn't born in 1914, no matter what his profile says. Try it yourself, and see what you can find. › Clegg and Cable at odds over welfare cuts A second chart, showing frequency and types of posts to Facebook. Photograph: Wolfram|Alpha Alex Hern is a technology reporter for the Guardian. He was formerly staff writer at the New Statesman. You should follow Alex on Twitter. Subscribe from just £1 per issue More Related articles Ranking the features of the £1,149 iPhone X from "why" to "sweet lord why" Hetty Douglas and how 15 minutes of fame became 15 minutes of hate Does Google think you're depressed? How tech is changing mental health Subscription offer 12 issues for £12 + FREE book LEARN MORE Close This week's magazine


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Column: The deer hunting spy: A shaky return to the stand after 35 years
I have not been deer hunting in 35 years.
Saying that, I feel like a spy just coming out from behind enemy lines, having lived and interacted amidst a culture that revolves around The Doe, The Buck, The Hunt, The Gun, The Stand, The, The, The…
A little scary.
At the moment of writing this, out in my stand at 6 a.m., the sleet pelting one of the three layers over my head seems only fitting for a spy who hasn't come in out of the cold, but has instead decided to freeze himself half to death for penance.
Deer hunting seems at first glance to be such a simple undertaking. Go out there. Shoot one. Go in and talk about it. There are instead so many details. I thought my stand, which is about 10 feet high and was constructed for me by a nephew, was solidly placed when I put it here back in August. Instead, it swayed back and forth so crazily when I climbed up into it that in the darkness, I nearly got seasick.
Every move I now make is answered by one that the stand makes. If I move my head to the left, the stand vibrates for several seconds. Reaching for one of my snacks introduces several earthquake-like counter-shocks from my stand. I'll have to fix this when it gets light enough to see what has happened down there.
It's snowing harder. I break open a couple of the greatest inventions ever – little heat packs that I stuff under my shirt to keep my core above freezing. I do so with some difficulty. I have so many clothes on that I can barely bend my arms. Since I can barely reach one hand with the other, I get my glove off by violently shaking my arm back and forth. Not good. The glove flies off into the night. This, I realize, could be a problem.
It's only one problem among many. I don't have any bottles of deer scent to cover up my human smell. I looked at all of the different kinds of this stuff on the store wall and couldn't make up my mind whether I wanted to smell like a doe, like a buck, like a skunk, like an apple tree, like dirt, etc. I wanted to ask some other guy, but as a spy living amongst them, a guy at that, I knew this would blow my cover. My ignorance would not only reveal me as a foreigner but I would be kicked out of the guy club on top of it all. Real guys know this stuff, don't have to ask.
I pour some hot coffee at a coffee cup on the floor of the stand. Half of it gets to the cup, half to the floor. Even here I am a fake, because my coffee is one-third milk, one-third sugar, one-third decaf. Again, revealing information like this about me means I will now have to buy groceries at Dean's in disguise. Not even real coffee. I don't need the heat packs; the shame of all this fake coffee is sweeping up my neck to my face. I can feel the blush coming.
It feels good. Warm. Encouraged by that warmth, I have the first of the six cookies that I brought out with me, washed down with warm decaf. I have more of both, and leave one cookie for later.
I settle back down, and realize that I cannot move my feet. It is now light enough to see that both feet are frozen down in a brown lake of spilled coffee on the floor of the stand.
This, too, could be a problem.
I yank on them, but the answering five on the Richter scale of earthquakes frightens me, and I cling to the edges of the stand until it quiets down.
I have to pee from all the decaf. I wonder how long I can hold it.
When it warmed up enough that my feet unthawed and I climbed down, I saw that gophers have been building mounds under the stand. No doubt they're trying to tip me over.
Who knew deer hunting had so many problems?


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Zoe Saldana is going to play a famous singer on the screen! The actress just signed on to star as American jazz singer and civil rights activist Nina Simone in Nina, THR reports. And she's not alone: Reese Witherspoon, Kristen Stewart, and more have risen to the challenge of playing a real singer on film (some with Oscar-winning performances!). See more of our favorite actresses who've played real singers in the gallery.
• Zoe Saldana's Top 11 Style Tips
• Shop Zoe Saldana's Louboutins
• Three More Avatars Are Coming!


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Father: Johannes PETTERSSON b: 10 JAN 1816 in Gunnarp, Sweden
Mother: Helena NIKLASDOTTER b: 26 FEB 1818 in Hult, Sibbarp, Hallandslan, Sweden
Marriage 1 William JOHNSON
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When Dell'Arte premiered their original production of "Mary Jane: the Musical" in its limited, one-weekend run launching the annual Mad River Festival in Blue Lake last year, no one in the audience really knew what to expect waiting for the lights to come up on this "highly" anticipated, ode-to-marijuana show.
Since most of the subject matter would be familiar to the basically, homegrown, Humboldt crowd who sprawled or sat in mellow expectation around the grassy knolls of the Rooney Amphitheater, there was generally a we-are-family-feel about it before the fact.
In looking at the program, it was apparent that the performers were not only directly affiliated with Dell'Arte itself, but included a number of popular area favorites -- actors, musicians, singers, songwriters and storytellers who were well known for both their individual talents and pot-supporting, personal activism.
Indeed, Dell'Arte commissioned the music that was composed by many of the participating artists and would be played and sung throughout the evening. The collective goal was to express their individual views on different aspects of Mary Jane's still-untapped (and illegal) medical and economic benefits throughout the county.
How they did so, would be up to them. However, one thing was required. The songs and/or stories shared about this magical weed should be passionately insightful but never know-it-all professorial; cutting-edge, but never mean-spirited; and, most of all, entertaining and fun.
That meant that from the moment that Queen of the Emerald Ball, Mary Jane, the incomparable Joan Schirle herself, took the stage in all her tie-dyed, old-school-grower glory to welcome the already adoring throng, she would indeed be "preaching to the choir."
The many original tunes were catchy; their lyrics alternated from astutely ironic to wickedly witty to surprisingly poignant and back again. Every single performer gave it their all as they sang, played and danced with madcap abandon.
There was no real story line, but a series of fascinating little windows into what might be happening behind the closed doors next door to you. The underlying message was always there: People who grow or use Mary Jane, are people just like you, although they do it for very different reasons. Some good, some bad. But, it has been around here and the outside world for centuries, and it ain't going away anytime soon. So, family, friends and neighbors, what's the answer? That's still an unanswered question.
And, it's still being asked -- in a much longer performance format in this year's new production of "Mary Jane: the Musical" that recently kicked off the 2012 Mad River Festival. Did the addition of four more original songs, more complex choreography and more characters make this not only a new, but improved, "Mary Jane"? Frankly, no.
The reason that the production worked so well the first time around was its fast-paced timing didn't give the rapt audience too much time to think too hard in between numbers. You got it, you related to it and laughed because you did; when there was something serious to ponder, you waited until it was over to savor it all and turn it around in your mind, on your own.
Unfortunately, "Mary Jane" 2012 had far too many moments that dragged on and felt padded with too much additional input from the outside community pushing their own agendas.
As an audience member, I don't want to feel as though I'm in a political classroom instead of at a theater where I want to (yes) be informed, but not lectured to. That's the uncomfortable sensation that lingered with me, long after I left the show.
Bottom line, everything felt a bit forced by the unquestionably talented ensemble throughout, as though they were performing because they had to, not because they wanted to.
Missing was the exuberant, seemingly effortless joy that the cast shared last year. In this latest edition, that joy often turned into obviously well-rehearsed, but somewhat automatic performances by far too many members of the ensemble.
And, I have no idea why.
However, that's not to say that by their upcoming closing weekend of "Mary Jane," that spirit won't have returned in full force to once again lift this absolutely fascinating show -- and its all-important, thought-provoking message -- to new heights. All I ask is, please make it fun.
Along with Schirle shining in the title role, the hard-working ensemble features Ryan Musil, Suza Sabata, Joyce Hough, Janess Johnsrude, Meridith Anne Baldwin, Pratik Motwani, David Powell and Jacob Trillo.
Michael Fields directed the production; Tim Randles is the musical director. Randles, Marla Joy, Mike LaBolle and Dan Perez make up the band; Zuzka Sabata and David Powell did the vocal arrangements and coaching; Daniel Spencer, the scenic design; Michael Foster, the lighting; Laura Munoz, the choreography and Lydia Foreman, the costumes.
"Mary Jane: the Musical" concludes its Mad River Festival run at 8 p.m. Thursday, Friday and Saturday. Tickets are $18 adults; $15 students/seniors.
For more information or reservations, call 668-5663. Tickets may also be purchased online at dellarte.com/show/aspx.
If you go
What: "Mary Jane: the Musical"
When: 8 p.m. Thursday, Friday and Saturday
Where: Dell'Arte's Mad River Festival
Admission: $18 adults, $15 students and seniors


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Digits: Here's One Way to Try BlackBerry 10 Without Using a BlackBerry
By Matthew Lynley
The BlackBerry Z10 is already on sale — but if you're still on the fence, you can get an early glimpse of the new operating system on your phone.
Well, sort of.
By visiting BlackBerry's "glimpse" page on your smartphone, you'll be able to try out some of the "features" in a heavily scripted preview of the operating system. That'll include the messaging hub, switching applications and time-shifting photos.
It's formatted for your smartphone, so it'll give you a sense of the look and feel of the device, though it's hardly a substitute for having the actual phone in your hands (which is quite a bit smoother than this preview.)
More than half of BlackBerry's new BlackBerry 10 subscribers came from "other platforms," CEO Thorsten Heins said on the most recent earnings call. So clearly the company sees an opportunity in pulling as many.


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