text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Dec 19, 1995
|Filing date
|May 8, 1992
|Priority date
|Aug 12, 1988
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Henry Yang, K. K. Ramakrishnan, Barry Spinney, Rajendra K. Jain
|Original Assignee
|Digital Equipment Corp., Patent Law Group
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (12), Non-Patent Citations (19), Referenced by (13), Classifications (7), Legal Events (9)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This is a divisional of application Ser. No. 07/678,888 filed on Mar. 28, 1991, now abandoned, which is a continuation of Ser. No. 07/577,828 filed Sep. 4, 1990, now abandoned, which is a continuation of Ser. No. 07,483,296 filed Feb. 20, 1990, now abandoned, which is a continuation of Ser. No. 07/231,773 filed Aug. 12, 1988, now abandoned.
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates generally to the field of computer networks comprising a plurality of stations which communicate data in a ring using a token-based protocol and more specifically to a mechanism for removing data from the network.
2. Description of the Prior Art
A computer network enables various devices, such as processors, mass storage devices, and printers, to communicate with each other over high speed communication links. The devices are connected, that is, interfaced, to the network, and thus transfer data to and from the network, through stations. The stations are interconnected by the communication links.
One example of such a network is a Local Area Network (LAN). ALAN allows high-bandwidth communication among devices within a limited geographic area. The communication links are typically composed of fiber optics, coaxial cable or twisted conductor pairs.
LAN's may be configured using of a number of topologies, for example, buses or rings. In a network configured as a bus, data is communicated in either direction from the originating station. In a network configured as a ring, network stations transmit data around the ring in one direction. Thus when a station transmits data onto the ring the data travels around the ring from station to station, with each station receiving the data from the preceding station and repeating it to the succeeding station, until the data reaches the station that is to receive it. In a well-known ring network the receiving, or destination, station also repeats the data to its downstream successor and the data thus continues around the ring to the originating, or source, station.
Network stations transmit and receive data in the form of frames. The frames contain, in addition to the data, addresses, an error detection sequence and status flags, for example, a flag indicating receipt of the frame by the intended receiving, or destination, station. The frame addresses identify the source station and the destination station or stations.
Every station and every attached device are each identified by a unique address. Thus each station has associated with it its unique station-address and the addresses of its attached devices. The stations may have other addresses, for example, logical addresses, associated with them, also. A frame directed from a source station to a single destination station thus contains the address of the source station and, for example, the address of a specific device attached to the destination station. Each station may maintain a list of its associated addresses, such that the station receives the frames containing any one of its addresses.
A destination station, in addition to repeating the frame to its succeeding station, copies the frame for use by the appropriate device(s) associated with the station. The destination station may also set the applicable status flags indicating receipt of the frame.
When the frame has returned to the source station, the station, recognizing the source address in the frame as its own, removes, or strips, the frame from the ring data stream. After a transmission, the first frames received by the source station over the ring are the frames it transmitted, assuming proper operation of the stations on the ring.
The stations operate in accordance with communication protocols which facilitate the orderly transfer of the frames over the communication links. One type of communication protocol is a token-ring system. Such systems use a token, that is, a specific string of bits, to indicate that a transmitting station has completed its transmission. A succeeding station may then, following the dictates of the protocol, begin transmitting frames upon receipt of the token.
In a token-ring system a station may not transmit data over the ring unless it holds the token. Thus if a station has frames to transmit around the ring it first removes the token from the ring data stream, that is, it "captures" the token, when it receives it from the preceding station. The capturing station then begins its frame transmission. When the station is finished with the frame transmission it retransmits the token, effectively releasing it. The succeeding stations thereafter transfer the token around the ring until a station captures it in order to make a transmission.
Two or more such rings, or more generally, two or more LAN's, may be connected by a bridge, that is, a special purpose station simultaneously connected to both LAN's, to form an extended LAN. The bridge thus facilitates communication between a transmitting station on, for example, one of the rings and a receiving station on another ring. It essentially acts as the destination station on the ring containing the transmitting station and thus copies the frames directed to a second ring, while also repeating these frames on the source station ring. It also acts as a transmitting station on the second ring and transmits the copied frames in that ring after capturing the ring's token. The second ring may contain the destination station, or it may be an intermediate ring which contains a bridge to another LAN, which may, in turn, contain the destination station or be another intermediate LAN.
There are two methods of bridge operation, namely, transparent and non-transparent. A bridge operating transparently transmits the frames originated by the source station without significantly altering them, that is, without changing any portion of the frame which is protected by the frame's error detection sequence. Alternatively, a bridge operating non-transparently significantly alters the frames originated by the source station before transmitting them to the connected LAN. A non-transparent bridge may, for example, alter the source address to the address of the bridge on the second ring and/or it may alter certain other information in the frame.
The non-transparent bridge must recalculate and replace the error detection sequence contained in each of the frames to prevent the frame alterations from being treated as errors. However, if the bridge incorrectly copies a frame or inadvertently copies an erroneous frame, alters it and then recalculates the error detection sequence, it may render the frame errors undetectable. The integrity of the frame information is considered to be thus reduced.
The bridge, regardless of the mode in which it operates, must strip from the second ring the frames it transmits. Typically, a station "recognizes" the source address in that frame as its own address and strips the frame. A bridge which leaves the addresses unaltered, and which is not the original source station, may not recognize the source address in the frames it has transmitted over the second ring. The bridge is capable of transmitting frames which were originally transmitted by one of many source stations on one or more different LAN's. When the frames return to the bridge over the second ring, it may not have time to compare the frame source address with the addresses of the many source stations on the various LAN's before the decision to strip the frame must be made. Thus the bridge could repeat a frame that should be stripped by it. Accordingly, there must be a method for a bridge to determine which frames to strip.
One possible method for stripping such frames involves the bridge marking the last frame in the sequence of transmitted frames, e.g., by setting a flag in the frame. The bridge then, after a transmission, strips the frames it receives over the ring until it detects the set flag in one of the frames. If, however, the frame containing the flag is lost or corrupted, making the set flag undetectable, the bridge may continue to strip the frames it receives over the ring until it is signalled to stop, for example, by the expiration of a locally kept timer. The bridge thus strips frames originated by other stations on the extended LAN, preventing the frames from reaching their intended destinations. If the flag is a single-bit flag, a bit-error in the frame may result in the flag appearing re-set, and thus, the bridge will stop stripping before it has removed all of its frames.
A non-bridge station which connects many devices to the LAN may also have problems determining which frames it should strip. A station must determine whether to strip a frame within the time it takes the frame addresses to pass through the station. Thus the station may not have time to match the frame source address with one of its many associated addresses, and another method for determining which frames to strip must be used.
The invention provides a new and improved station and a method for enabling the station to strip the frames it transmits.
In brief summary, a station incorporating the invention transmits a sequence of one or more frames on a ring, without setting any flags in the frames, and keeps a count of the frames transmitted. At the end of the transmitted sequence it also originates on to the ring one or more coded marker frames. After the transmission is begun, the station strips from the ring the frames it receives, decrementing its count for each properly stripped frame, until either its count is reduced to zero or one of its marker frames is detected.
This invention is pointed out with particularity in the appended claims. The above and further advantages of this invention may be better understood by referring to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 depicts a functional block diagram of an extended LAN;
FIG. 2 depicts an illustration of an information frame used in the extended LAN shown in FIG. 1; and
FIGS. 3A-3C comprise a flow chart depicting the operation of bridges on the extended LAN shown in FIG. 1 operating in accordance with the preferred embodiment.
With reference to FIG. 1, a ring 10, that is, a LAN configured in a ring topology, includes a plurality of stations 11A through 11F connected by communication links 12A through 12F. The stations 11 interface one or more devices 14A through 14F to the ring. The devices 14 may be of diverse types, including computers, mass storage devices, telecommunications links, printers, and so forth, all of which may transmit information to, or receive information from, other devices in the ring 10 over communication links 12.
Similarly a ring 20 includes a plurality of stations 21A through 21E interconnected by communications links 22A through 22E, and bus 30 includes a plurality of stations 31A through 31C. Each of the stations 21 and 31 connects one or more devices identified generally as 24 or 34 to the ring 20 and bus 30, respectively.
Ring 20 is interconnected with ring 10 by a bridge 15. It is also interconnected by a bridge 17 to another network (not shown). The bridges are special purpose stations that are simultaneously stations on each of the LAN's they interconnect. Bridge 16 interconnects bus 30 with ring 10, thus stations on ring 20 can also communicate with stations on bus 30 via ring 10 using both bridges 16 and 15. The interconnected networks together form an extended LAN 8.
The stations 11 and 21, including the bridge-stations, transmit information over the respective communications links 12 and 22 in the form of frames, the structure of which will be described below in connection with FIG. 2. Communication between two stations on the same ring occurs when, for example, one station 11 transmits a frame to another station 11. To accomplish this, the station 11 originating the frame transmits a signal comprising a bit stream forming the frame to another station 11 (following the direction of the arrow) over the communications link 12 interconnecting the two stations. The station 11 that receives a bit stream from the originating station 11 repeats the frame over the communications link 12 interconnecting it and the next station 11.
This process is repeated by each of the other stations 11 until the frame is returned to the originating station 11. Essentially, each of the stations receives a signal over a communications link 12 interconnecting it and a preceding station 11, and transmits a signal over another communications link 12 interconnecting it and a succeeding station 11. If a station 11 is an intended recipient of the frame, in addition to repeating the frame to its downstream station 11, it also retains a copy of the frame for processing by one or more of the devices 14 connected to it.
The determination of whether a station 11 or 21 may transmit a frame to a ring is based on whether the station holds a token. A token is a special sequence of bits which the stations transmit around the ring. If, for example, station 11 is to send a frame, when the token reaches it, it does not repeat the token, thereby capturing the token and becoming its holder. The station 11 then transmits one or more frames. After completing the transmission of these frame(s), the station 11 resumes transmission of the token around the ring in accordance with the ring protocol, effectively releasing it to other stations on the ring.
When a station 11 receives a frame which it originated, other than the token, it strips the frame from the ring 10. Thus a frame is transmitted around the ring, that is, repeated from station to station, only once. If the originating station does not strip one of its frames, the intended destination station may receive duplicates of the frame. The destination station receives these duplicate frames at a faster rate than it ordinarily receives frames. Thus the station must process these frames more quickly, resulting in additional station overhead and possibly station errors.
Communication between two stations on different rings, for example, a station 21 on ring 20 and a station 11 on ring 10, is accomplished using the bridge 15. The bridge 15 acts as the intended receiving station on ring 20 and copies the frame as well as repeating it to the next station 21. The bridge 15 then transmits the copied frame on ring 10, after it captures the ring 10 token, and the intended receiving station 11 may then copy the frame when it receives it over the ring 10. After the frame is transmitted around ring 10 it is received by the bridge 15 and the bridge 15 then strips it. The operation of the bridge 15 is discussed in more detail with reference to FIGS. 3A-3C below.
As noted above, information is transferred in the form of frames, the structure of which is shown in FIG. 2. With reference to FIG. 2, a frame 40 is divided into several fields. The start of a frame is denoted by a preamble field 41A and a start frame delimiter field 41B which further denotes the beginning of the portion of the frame containing the frame information. These fields are generally referred to as a start-of-frame sequence 41.
Immediately following the start-of-frame sequence 41 is a frame control field 42 detailing whether the bit stream is a token or a frame and, if it is a frame, indicating the type of frame, for example, an information frame. The next two fields are address fields 43A-B, namely, a destination address field DA 43A whose contents identify the intended recipient(s) of the frame and a source address field SA 43B whose contents identify the source station. The information field 44 follows the address fields 43, and is in turn followed by a frame check sequence field 45 containing an error detection sequence used by receiving stations to detect errors in any of the frame control field 42, the address fields 43 and the information field 44.
The end of the frame is denoted by an end-of-frame sequence 46. The sequence 46 includes an end delimiter field 46A, which defines the end of a frame, and a frame status field 46B containing a set of status flags. The status flags are conditioned by stations other than the source station to provide status information to the source station. This information may include, for example, whether the frame was copied by the intended destination station(s), whether any errors have been detected, etc.
If a station 11 or 21 recognizes the contents of the frame destination address field 43A as one of its own addresses, that is, either its station-address or one of its other associated addresses, it copies the frame for processing by its attached devices 14 or 24. It also repeats the frame to the next station in the ring as set forth above.
When a frame returns to its source station, the latter recognizes the contents of the frame source address field 43B as its own address, and strips the rest of the frame from the ring. When a frame is thus stripped, the start-of-frame sequence 41, the frame control field 42 and part of the address fields 43 remain. These fragments are ignored by the stations on the ring because they do not form a complete frame. They are stripped from the ring when they encounter a station in the act of transmitting.
If a ring is improperly operating, for example, if the token is lost or a break develops in the ring, the stations 11 and 21 begin operating in an error detection and recovery mode defined by the network protocol. The error detection and recovery mode may require all stations to actively participate or it may require the participation of only a few of the stations. Two widely used network protocols include error detection and recovery techniques involving the use of special-purpose frames, namely claim token frames and beacon frames.
The claim token frames are used when the ring is initialized or when the ring token is lost and the ring must thus be re-initialized. Basically, each station 11 and 21 has associated with it a priority for error detection and recovery purposes. When the token is lost each station continuously transmits claim token frames containing its priority until it receives another station's claim token frame. The receiving station then compares the priority in the frame with its own priority, and if the station has a lower priority than that contained in the frame it repeats the frame. Otherwise, it strips the frame from the ring and transmits another of its own claim token frames. When a station receives its own claim token frame, which indicates that the station has the highest priority, it originates the network token.
The beacon frames are used when a break in the ring or a substantial ring reconfiguration is suspected. Basically each station continuously transmits its own beacon frames to downstream stations. A downstream station, upon receipt of a beacon frame, stops transmitting its own beacon frames and repeats the received beacon frames to its successor station. When a station receives it own beacon frames, it is assumed that the network is properly configured and ring re-initialization, involving the use of the claim token frames as described above, is begun.
The detailed operation of the bridges 15-17 will now be described in connection with flow charts in FIGS. 3A-3C. The operations may be performed using hardware, software and/or firmware. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that non-bridge stations connecting a number of attached devices to the LAN operate in a manner which is similar to that of a bridge. Thus much of the discussion below relating to bridges applies, as well, to any station on the network.
With reference to FIG. 3A, a bridge, for example bridge 15, detecting a frame 40 originating on, for example, ring 10, determines if the intended destination station is on another LAN which is accessible from the bridge (step 50). If it is, the bridge 15 retains a copy of the frame 40 for transmission to the connected LAN, ring 20, and then repeats the frame on ring 10 (step 51). Alternatively, the bridge 15 may discern if the intended destination station is on ring 10 and, if it is not, copy the frame for transmission to the connected LAN, while repeating it on the ring 10.
After the bridge 15 copies one or more frames, it transmits the copied frames onto the ring 20 once it captures the ring 20 token (steps 53-54). The bridge 15 continues to transmit copied frames onto the ring 20 until either all the copied frames it holds for transmission on ring 20 are transmitted or it is forced by network protocol rules to stop transmitting and release the ring 20 token (steps 56-57). If the bridge 15 has not transmitted all of the copied frames before it ends the current transmission, it resumes transmission of copied frames when it again captures the ring 20 token (step 60).
Each time the bridge 15 transmits a frame onto ring 20 it increments an internal frame count by one (step 55), essentially keeping a running count of the number of frames transmitted. The count may be so incremented either at the beginning of the frame, for example, when the start frame delimiter field 41B (FIG. 2) is transmitted, or at the end of the frame, for example, when the end delimiter field 46A is transmitted.
At the close of the bridge's transmission of frames over the ring 10, the bridge 15 transmits onto the ring 20 one or more marker, or strip delimiter, frames marking the end of the transmission, incrementing the frame count by one for each of these frames (step 59). The count need not be incremented for these frames. However, in the preferred embodiment it is so incremented to keep an exact count of the frames transmitted by the bridge 15.
The strip delimiter frames are coded information frames specifying at least the frame type, that is, delimiter frame, the address of the originating bridge station, and the frame status, making each frame a full, or valid, frame. The number of strip delimiter frames transmitted is determined by the bridge 15. Redundant strip delimiter frames may be used to ensure that at least one delimiter frame will be transmitted around the ring 20 and returned to the bridge 15, thus giving the network a certain immunity to error. For further impunity to errors, the strip delimiter frames may be protected by a frame check sequence 45 (FIG. 2). Using the frame check sequence enables the source station to determine if the delimiter frame contains any errors. Errors in the frame may indicate a problem with one or more of the network stations and, as discussed below with reference to FIGS. 3A-3C, indicate to the source station that it is to continue stripping.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the frame stripping operation by a bridge, or any source station, must be quickly performed. As set forth above, a station typically determines whether or not to strip a frame by looking at the frame source address field 43B. If the field contents match one of the addresses associated with the station, it strips the frame. If the bridge 15 had to compare the contents of the frame source address field 43B with, for example, the addresses of stations originating frames transmitted by the bridge to determine whether to strip the frame, the bridge 15 would require very fast, and therefore expensive, processors and memories. The same is true for any stations which have many associated addresses, for example, stations which attach a relatively large number of devices to the network. The inventive bridges 15-17 and stations 11 and 21 use their internal frame counts and strip delimiter frames to determine which frames to strip, and thus they can use relatively simple circuitry and state machines, to determine when to start stripping frames. i.e., when the frame count is non-zero, and when to stop stripping frames, as discussed below with reference to FIGS. 3A-C.
More specifically, with reference to FIG. 3B, when the bridge 15 receives a bit stream over the ring 10, it first checks its internal frame count to determine if it is equal to zero (steps 70-71). If the count is non-zero, the bridge 15 checks the information it is receiving over the network for the presence of a strip delimiter frame, the token, or a frame indicating a network error condition, that is, a claim token frame or a beacon frame (steps 72-74), any of which may result in the bridge not starting, or discontinuing, its frame stripping operation. If the information is not any of the above, the bridge strips it, without comparing the source address with any address list. The bridge 15 then decrements its internal frame count by one for each error-free frame stripped from the ring 20 (steps 76-77).
The bridge continues to so strip all the frames it receives on ring 20, until it encounters a delimiter frame, the token, or a claim token frame or a beacon frame, or its frame count is reduced to zero, for whatever reason, for example, during a frame stripping operation or during station re-initialization. The bridge may be receiving frames on a ring while it is in the act of transmitting frames on that ring. Thus the count must be incremented and decremented such that the count will accurately reflect the number of frames transmitted for which a corresponding frame has not yet been stripped, that is, if five frames have been transmitted and three stripped, the count should be two. In the preferred embodiment the count is incremented and decremented at the end of each of the frames to ensure that the count is accurate. Accordingly, the count is never reduced below zero.
Errors in a frame may indicate a problem with a station 21 or communications link 22. Thus the bridge's internal frame count is not reduced for the stripping of an erroneous frame or frame fragments. To determine if a stripped frame is error-free the bridge 15 first checks that the frame is a full, or valid, frame and not just a frame fragment. The count will not be decremented for a fragment. If the frame is a valid frame, the bridge then uses the frame check sequence 45 and the frame status flags 46B (FIG. 2) to check for errors.
Before the bridge 15 strips a frame from the ring 20, it examines the frame to determine if it is a strip delimiter frame, either its own or one from another station (steps 72 and 78). If the frame is another station's strip delimiter frame, the bridge repeats it without altering the internal frame count (steps 78 and 82). The strip delimiter frame then travels around the ring 20 until it returns to the originating station 21 which strips it.
If the frame is the bridge's own strip delimiter frame, which signifies the end of the transmission, the bridge 15 strips it (steps 78-79). If the strip delimiter frame is error-free the bridge 15 stops stripping the frames it receives over the ring 20, even if the internal frame count indicates that all the transmitted frames have not been stripped, and it resets the internal frame count to zero (steps 80-81). The bridge 15 will thereafter strip only its own strip delimiter frames or frames with its station-address as the source address, repeating all the other frames, until the internal frame count is again non-zero indicating a bridge 15 transmission (steps 83-86).
The internal count is set to zero when the bridge 15 detects its own strip delimiter frame, as set forth above, to prevent the bridge 15 from stripping frames originated by another station 21 on the ring 20. Thus even if several of the bridge's frames are erroneously stripped by another station 21, and its count is non-zero when it receives its delimiter frame, the bridge will correctly stop stripping.
Before stripping, the bridge also checks if the received information is the token. Reception of the token indicates that the frames transmitted by the bridge have all been stripped, even the bridge's strip delimiter frames. The bridge will thus stop stripping and set its count to zero to prevent it from stripping another station's frames thereafter transmitted over the network.
The bridge 15 also stops stripping frames when the network is operating in error detection and recovery mode, indicated by the receipt of error-free claim token or beacon frame (step 90-96). If the bridge 15 does not stop stripping frames during error detection and recovery operation, downstream stations would not receive the frames required for network re-initialization. Thus, upon receipt of an error-free claim token frame or a beacon frame the bridge goes into error detection and recovery mode operation as defined by the token ring protocol. Upon receipt of erroneous claim token or beacon frames, the bridge 15 repeats the frames if the source address is not one of its own addresses or otherwise strips it, and then continues its frame stripping operation (steps 90-96).
Using the strip delimiter frame and the count to indicate when to start and stop stripping frames enables a network to be served by more than one bridge, thus improving network throughput, flexibility and availability. For example, if one path between a source station and a destination station is broken or congested, another path, connected by one or more bridges may be used. The scheme places no topological restrictions on the networks, and thus, two networks may be interconnected by redundant bridges.
Without using the strip delimiter frame and/or the count, a bridge on the second path strips frames based only on the source address, and if it "recognizes" the source address in the frames as identifying one of the stations from which it normally copies frames, it may strip the frames, preventing them from reaching the intended destination. Thus, a network may not be served by redundant bridges. However, if the bridge is using the strip delimiter frames and frame count, it will not strip the frames, regardless of the source addresses in the frames, unless the addresses match the bridge's own station-address. Thus there is no limit on the number of stations whose frames may be transmitted by a given bridge or on the number of bridges in any network because frame stripping is independent of the frame source address.
Using the strip delimiter frame to indicate the end of a transmission, as opposed to setting a flag or changing the contents of a frame field has several additional advantages. For example, the strip delimiter frames uniquely identify their source station, while the frame indicators do not. Thus a strip delimiter frame which is not lost will eventually return to the originating station, signifying a potential network error condition if none of the other transmitted frames return to the station. This occurs even if another station is in the process of erroneously stripping another station's frames when it receives the delimiter frame.
Additionally, each strip delimiter frame may be error protected by its own frame check sequence 45 (FIG. 2), while using the other indicators requires the bridge to recalculate and replace the frame check sequence 45 and/or other fields in one or more data frames. For robustness to errors, multiple strip delimiter frames may be used to indicate the end of a transmission. In this way the bridge 15 is likely to receive one recognizable strip delimiter frame even if one or more delimiter frames are lost or corrupted.
Using either the strip delimiter frame or the internal count alone allows stations to correctly strip frames without reference to the frame source address, thus achieving some of the advantages set forth above. However, using both the strip delimiter frame and the frame count gives the frame stripping operation an even further robustness to errors. If all the strip delimiter frames are corrupted or lost, the bridge will strip frames only until its count is reduced to zero. Thus, at most, a relatively small number of frames which the bridge did not transmit will be stripped. If only a flag in one of the transmitted frames is used to indicate the end of a transmission and the frame containing the flag is lost or corrupted, many frames not transmitted by the bridge may be stripped.
Alternatively, the bridge may under-strip if only the flag is used to indicate the end of stripping. An error in one of the data frames may result in the frame's flag appearing set, the type of error which is not typically protected by the frame check sequence, and the bridge then stops stripping. Errors in the strip delimiter frames will not result in understripping because such erroneous frames do not signal the bridge to stop stripping.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that any station, not just bridge-stations, may use the internal frame count and/or strip delimiter frames to determine when to start and stop stripping frames. Using the frame count and the strip delimiter frames enables a station to use relatively fast and yet simple circuitry to control its frame stripping operation, particularly if the station is associated with a large number of addresses.
The foregoing description has been limited to a specific embodiment of this invention. It will be apparent, however, that variations and modifications may be made to the invention, with the attainment of some or all of the advantages of the invention. Therefore, it is the object of the appended claims to cover all such variations and modifications as come within the true spirit and scope of the invention.
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|Nov. 17, 1986, Enhancement to the Token Ring Protocol: Early Token Release, 5 numbered pages and 8 Figs.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Nov 21, 1997
|Apr 11, 2000
|Adc Telecommunications, Inc.
|System and method for modifying an information signal in a telecommunications system
|Aug 21, 1997
|Nov 28, 2000
|Adc Telecommunications, Inc.
|Circuits and methods for a ring network
|Aug 21, 1998
|Dec 18, 2001
|Adc Telecommunications, Inc.
|Telecommunication network with variable address learning, switching and routing
|Aug 21, 1998
|May 14, 2002
|Adc Telecommunications, Inc.
|Internet access over a ring network
|Aug 21, 1998
|Mar 25, 2003
|Adc Telecommunications, Inc.
|Transport of digitized signals over a ring network
|Aug 21, 1998
|May 27, 2003
|Adc Telecommunications, Inc.
|Control data over a ring network
|Mar 25, 1999
|Oct 14, 2003
|Intel Corporation
|Multicast flow control
|Sep 19, 2003
|Feb 28, 2006
|Intel Corporation
|Multicast flow control
|Jun 27, 2001
|Jun 20, 2006
|Adc Telecommunications, Inc.
|Telecommunication network with variable address learning, switching and routing
|Nov 27, 2000
|Mar 20, 2007
|Adc Telecommunications, Inc.
|Circuits and methods for a ring network
|May 20, 2003
|Oct 2, 2007
|Cisco Technology, Inc.
|System and method for balancing rings coupling routing platforms
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|Adc Telecommunications, Inc.
|Telecommunication network with variable address learning, switching and routing
|Sep 19, 2003
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|Intel Corporation, A Delaware Corporation
|Multicast flow control
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Mar 27, 1998
Owner name: CABLETRON SYSTEMS, INC., NEW HAMPSHIRE
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text:
The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), an Asia-Pacific trade agreement was the topic of a hearing held by the House Committee on Ways and Means Subcommittee on Trade late last week, and is expected to generate more attention in 2012.
The TPP currently includes Australia, Brunei, Chile, Malaysia, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, the United States and Vietnam. Japan, Mexico and Canada have shown interest in joining the pact as well.
At the House hearing Subcommittee Chairman Kevin Brady (R-Texas), and Ranking Member Jim McDermott (D-Wash.), welcomed the growing interest from other countries, but emphasized that all partner countries must commit to a comprehensive agreement, including food safety and sanitary-phytosanitary agreements.
Adding Japan to the TPP is of particular interest to U.S. pork producers as Japan is the No. 1 pork export market in terms of value and No. 2 in volume. In 2010, Japan purchased 435,000 metric tons of U.S. pork, worth more than $1.6 billion. This year is on pace to end with even stronger sales to Japan.
Of course, bringing Japan to the TPP would not just benefit U.S. pork but would be an important trade move for all of U.S. agriculture. Further expanding U.S. ag exports would not only save but create America jobs, points out the National Pork Producers Council.
Deputy U.S. Trade Representative Demetrios Marantis testified that negotiators are underway to strengthen a sanitary-phytosanitary agreement in the trade pact by increasing transparency and guaranteeing that food-safety risk analyses are grounded in science. For the U.S. pork industry, significant benefits from the TPP will come from the removal of sanitary and technical barriers to trade that some TPP countries currently have in place, NPPC points out.
The council will work to convince the administration and Congress that Japan should be included in the negotiations.
For more information about the hearing and to read testimony, click here.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
As of today we have introduced 3 new finishes for our Stainless Steel material.
To complete our gold range finishes we have added Gold Plated Glossy to our already available Gold Plated Matt … and based on popular demand we have added Antique Bronze Glossy and Antique Bronze Matt
From left to right:
- Gold Plated Glossy
- Gold Plated Matt
- Antique Bronze Glossy
- Antique Bronze Matt
So to put it simple we now have Gold Plated Stainless Steel in 2 different versions.
Matt and Glossy. The main difference between the two is that the glossy version is polished one more time after plating. This give your product an extra glossy finish.
The same goes for Antique Bronze, this is also available in two versions…. Matt and Glossy.
The coloring is done with a patination process. After this process the Glossy version again will get one more polishing round to give it this very nice Glossy finish.
You can find more detailed information, including the pricing, for these materials on the material pages.
We hope you like these new finishes and that it lives up to your expectations….
These additional finishes are introduced as a test to end August 2010 to gauge interest, after which we will review to decide if we want to make them permanent materials.
I am looking forward to your feedback


text:
Men's hairstyles have always reflected the politics of their era—crewcuts embodied the conservatism of the 1950s and shoulder-length locks reflected Nixon's 1972 "Longer Ain't Wronger" reelection campaign. Be in the hair and now with this Groupon.
Choose from Four Options
- $12 for one men's haircut (a $25 value)
- $29 for three men's haircuts (a $75 value)
- $19 for one men's haircut, shave, and hot-towel service (a $40 value)
- $49 for three men's haircuts, shaves, and hot-towel services (a $120 value)

Bespoke Barber Shop pampers guests in upscale space located seven blocks from NewRoc City.

Bespoke Barber Shop
The stylists at Bespoke Barber Shop may average 20 years of experience in grooming their diverse clientele, but their studio layout makes it look like they have second careers in interior design. The decor emanates both vintage and modern vibes, illustrated by the classic barber chairs with sleek armrests and the modern graffiti art positioned above framed black-and-white photos of a bygone era. Hanging within viewing distance of the waiting area's leather sofa, flat-screen televisions play ESPN and live sports over the hum of trimmers and the swipes of straight razors. From scissor-cuts to mohawks, fade to tapers, stylists reinvent scalps of men, women, and children alike. In addition to touting its tress management skills, the shop uses old-school barber techniques of high-quality shaves and cuts, infusing it with new-school style. Bespoke has also garnered a following from high-profile heads, including the Yankees' own Mario Rivera.


text:
Grant takes classroom poetry to the streets
It was just a little apple that inspired Emerson Wilson to write a poem.
Or perhaps it was the real live writer who taught her class at Pomona Elementary about creativeness and prose for six weeks last fall as part of the Writers in the Schools program.
Either way, her poem "Little Apple" was selected to be on display just in front of Grand Valley Books at 350 Main St. Her proudly smiling face is proof that programs such as these are providing inspiration and encouragement to children who want to express themselves through writing.
Writers in the Schools is a national program that was implemented by members of the Western Colorado Writers' Forum on the Western Slope.
Members Sandra Dorr and Jill Burkey taught a six-week residency to third grade classes at Pomona Elementary School last fall. The kids studied writing, wrote poems, and published an anthology with their collected works.
The program was made possible through funding from Colorado Humanities, an organization which supports literacy, cultural and historical programs for Coloradans.
"It's been a long time since funding like this has been available in Colorado," said Dorr, executive director. She said this is the first Colorado Humanities Writer in Residence program on the Western Slope and the only one taking place in the state beyond the Front Range.
Dorr emphasized the importance of connecting writers with students through programs such as these. "We need people there to mentor and teach creative writers," she said.
It costs $2,000 to conduct a six-week residency within the school, which includes printing of the anthology and material costs, Dorr said.
Cost of publishing and displaying the poems on Main Street was sponsored by the Grand Junction Commission on Arts & Culture and Art on the Corner.
The program was such a success in the fall that Colorado Humanities is currently supporting a ten-week residency at Scenic Elementary. It is being taught by Burkey.
"We are really happy to be doing this and it's something we are really passionate about," Dorr said. She hopes to continue to receive support for the program so that it becomes a common part of elementary education in the future.


text:
Heroin deaths in Virginia spike in 2013
WINCHESTER, Va. (WJLA) - "Frederick County 911."
The call began with an emergency dispatcher on the line.
"I started screaming," Terri Nelson recalls. "I don't even remember what happened next."
It was her worst fear.
"Hello... hello?" the dispatcher said.
"You gotta come now!" Nelson replied.
Moments before, on that hot August morning, the mother of four found her only son, Derek Sprouse, unresponsive.
"My son is dead in the bathroom," Nelson told the dispatcher.
"How old is he?" she replied.
Then, in a pleading voice: "He's 30. Please come help."
But Nelson, a trained nurse, already feared the worst.
"Before they told me, I knew what it was," she says. "I knew it was an overdose of heroin."
But Sprouse's case is not unique. Police say it's part of an alarming spike in heroin-related deaths.
"It's just a huge epidemic we have in our area," says Special Agent Jay Perry with the Virginia State Police, who's also part of the Northwest Regional Drug and Gang Task Force.
Authorities say just this year, 18 people in Virginia's Shenandoah Valley have fatally overdosed on heroin. In Frederick County, Md., 14 people have overdosed; thirteen have overdosed in Montgomery County.
Police say strict new prescription drug laws and the availability of cheap heroin are fueling the trend.
"These folks are injecting something into their bodies that they have no idea of the potency of the drug may be," Perry says.
Family members say Sprouse began taking prescription painkillers after a 2006 car crash that left him with a broken jaw and a painful back injury. By 2009, he was using oxycontin and heroin. Desperate, Sprouse moved into his mother's house in Virginia in March.
"He came up here to Winchester with the idea of getting away from the old influences," recalls Robert Brown, Sprouse's drug counselor. "Starting clean."
For a while, it worked. Sprouse was playing music again, his passion. He got a job and began four months of sobriety.
"He wanted to settle down, he wanted to make a career," says Sprouse's sister, Lauren Welbon. "Stay with our family and reconnect and be part of the family."
But off the drugs, there were issues.
"He was very nervous and agitated," says Julie Miranda, a friend living in Florida. "All the little problems of life were too much for him."
Even the stress of getting a driver's license was a strain, his family says.
Last summer, with the rest of the house asleep, Sprouse texted someone to bring him what turned out to be a fatal dose of heroin.
"I think he wanted to make it," Nelson says. "He really did. But it didn't happen for him."
Months later, Nelson is still grieving, hoping the supplier is caught soon – and that others will learn from her loss.
"He was a very gentle soul," Nelson recalls. "He loved life in spite of all his troubles. He had some very dark days, but he loved life."
Police aren't commenting on specifics of Sprouse's case, but say this is an active investigation.
Nelson says she hopes to speak with area schoolchildren about saying no to drugs.
A fitting legacy, she says, for her son's life cut short.


text:
Small additional investment in time and money can save a lot of grief
July 2008; Eighty elementary school children in Shramik Madhyamik Vidyalaya of Hetauda Municipality feel more secure and less worried about earthquake when they are in school these days. This is because their classrooms are in an earthquake resistant school building recently constructed with the support of the UNDP Community Based Disaster Management Project (CBDMP).
The total cost for the school building was Rs. 650,000 while CBDMP contributed Rs. 250,000, and the rest was contributed by the School Management Committee, Makwanpur District Development Committee, Hetauda Municipality and the local people who contributed their labour. The National Society for Earthquake and Technology (NSET) provided technical assistance .
The construction of the school building ' capable of surviving earthquakes of up to 6.5 on the Richter scale ' is especially timely, given that Nepal lies on a seismically active zone where the risk of massive death and destruction from a quake is very real and can happen any day.
The children, community members and construction staff feel that all buildings across the country should be built keeping in mind Nepal's high susceptibility to earthquakes, especially given that there is little difference in the cost. In the case of this school, the total cost of construction of the building in the earthquake-resistant load- bearing style was only 5% more than the cost of constructing a similar building in pillar style, which is not earthquake resistant.
Rajendra Karki, chairperson of the community-based disaster management group says, 'It is hard to communicate to locals here about the importance of building homes and office edifices that are earthquake resistant. However, given that this project was implemented with wide media coverage, we hope that more people will be inspired to constructing earthquake resistant buildings.' Shambu Dhakal, 14, a student at the Shramik Madhyamik Vidyalaya says, 'earthquakes can occur any time without warning. This step is indeed a sign of more awareness amongst ourselves and the general public.'
Shukra Ram Moktan, a social mobiliser involved in the building construction and a local college student added, 'due to the involvement of the community in this project, awareness among locals has certainly been raised on the need to build structures resistant to earthquakes.'
Engineer Satya Narayan Sah, who designed the building, explained that the building took about four months to plan and construct, only slightly more than that for a similar pillar style building. He remarked that the 'small additional investment in time and money can save a lot of grief.'


text:
Danny Lisboa – Hard and Hung
5520 views
Rates : 10
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Comments are closed.


text:
"I can't say what's in the letter but we take it as a positive sign," said Mr Hogan's lawyer, Andrew Robinson. "We've been hopeful of a resolution from the start and we remain hopeful."
Mr Robinson declined to say if the letter would lead to a meeting with the Tax Office but said it indicated a willingness to reach a resolution.
"As anticipated, a further letter was received from the Australian Taxation Office yesterday evening," Mr Robinson said.
"Agreement has not yet been reached but the correspondence indicates a bona fide attempt to reach a resolution, which will be reciprocated by Mr Hogan.
"At this stage Mr Hogan is not able to comment on or reveal the contents of any of the correspondence."
The ATO is chasing Hogan over an alleged unpaid multimillion-dollar tax bill.
Two weeks ago it served Los Angeles-based Mr Hogan with an order preventing him from leaving Australia, after he returned for his mother's funeral. Mr Hogan has vowed to fight the claims.
He insists he has paid more tax than he should have and is not a tax evader.
The Australian Financial Review


text:
I know many folks have been very pleased with Keurig customer service but after this morning I'm certainly not one of them.
I'm on my second Keurig B70, this one in the gloss cinnamon color. The first was replaced on 4-15-11, not free but less a small discount (I had to pay an additional $140). Many others have described having their old Keurigs replaced at no cost whatsoever.
Today I had a problem with the replacement Keurig Platinum that was shipped 4-15-11 (and thus still under warranty). I called customer service and spoke with a customer support rep. In our conversation, she determined that the problem couldn't be corrected and said they'd ship a new Keurig Platinum. I told her I didn't want another Keurig Platinum as this was my second defective one. I told her I wanted the new Vue model and that I would pay the cost difference between it and the Keurig Platinum. That seemed very fair and reasonable to me. She said she couldn't do that. Then I said, "Well at least I'd like to have the "new" Platinum Plus rather than the Platinum. She said she couldn't send me one of those either.
Since I'd told her I didn't want another Keurig Platinum she said she'd send me a Keurig Special Edition or the Keurig Elite – both lesser models than the Platinum. I asked, "Why would I want a lesser model with fewer features?" to which she responded, "Well you told me you didn't want another Keurig Platinum." It was clear I couldn't get what I wanted, so I agreed to getting a Keurig Platinum and said I wanted it again in the gloss cinnamon color. She said I couldn't get that because Keurig didn't make the Keurig Platinum in gloss cinnamon any more. That's not true, as QVC is selling the Platinum model in gloss cinnamon. This replacement is coming with absolutely NO K-cups – not one single one. Others have mentioned Keurig sending them K-cups with replacement brewers.
I also have to send Keurig the K-cup holder from my defective Platinum model – at my expense of course. When I asked if I had to mail the K-cup holder at my expense she said, "You can send it in a mailing envelope and it should only cost a few dollars." That's not the point, I have a DEFECTIVE Keurig. If they insist that a customer return the K-cup holder it shouldn't be at the customer's expense.
At this point I am not a happy camper at all with respect to Keurig. What puzzles me the most is why Keurig seems to bend over backwards to give some customers good customer service and won't give the same good customer service to others.
The scoop on everything Q, from helpful tips to interesting tidbits, questions, answers, and more.
QVC is not responsible for the availability, content, security, policies, or practices of the above referenced third-party linked sites, nor liable for statements, claims, opinions, or representations contained therein. QVC's Privacy Statement does not apply to these third-party web sites.
© 1995–2016 QVC, Inc. All rights reserved. Trademark Notice


text:
THE wins for both Oxenhope teams at the weekend were played in subdued circumstances as the club mourned the passing of lifelong club servant Howard Smith aged just 62 after a brave battle with cancer.
Howard served the club as player, groundsman, committee man and league representative across five decades and played for the club in all five decades.
A classy batsman and handy change bowler, he was a key member of the all-conquering Oxenhope side of the late 70s and 80s who won numerous titles and cups in the Bradford Central League and got to the Yorkshire final of the National Village Cup.
Described by League president David Normanton as a "true cricket gentleman", Howard was known throughout the league for his good humour and sportsmanship and will be remembered by all at the club as a great friend, servant to the club and Oxenhope through and through.
Oxenhope posted a much-needed victory at Clayton in Roy Smith Division One by the slenderest of margins.
All looked to be going to plan as Clayton were reduced to 64-5 by opening pair Liam Dyson and Ben Addison. F Glough, A Windle and D Selby all scored 22 to stabilise the Clayton innings but Adam Bailey continued to take wickets on his way to 3-51.
At 135-9 the innings looked over but last man D Roddis struck 31 not out to move the total up to a respectable 175.
A disastrous start saw both Oxenhope openers back in the hutch with just six runs on the board. As in the Clayton innings, batsmen got a start and then failed to consolidate it.
Liam Dyson (38) and Grahame Ellis(30) looked to be moving the visitors to victory before succumbing. Skipper Duncan Tetley looked to be the man for the occasion before being bowled by Clough with ten still needed and eight wickets down.
Enter young bowler Ben Addison to calmly knock off the required runs with all the confidence of youth to give the visitors a welcome 12 points.
Oxenhope 2nds continued their improved form with a comfortable six-wicket win after a tricky start to the game against Mytholmroyd.
T Russel and B Burnside put on a century stand for the first wicket before Robin Cusdin (6-57) took out the middle order, assisted by youngsters Nathan Storton (1-34) and Tom Mawer (2-50) to curtail the innings for 183.
Fourteen-year-old Tom Mawer then demonstrated his blossoming all round skills as he shared an opening stand of 134 with Brendan Ellison (49) on his way to a fine 70, which included 14 fours.
Following their dismissal a couple of quick wickets gave the visitors some hope but fellow 14-year-old Akash Gopal steered the home side to victory with a classy 28 not out.


text:
Russia ready for naval evacuation of nationals from Syria
Commodore Alexei Komarov spoke about this on a port call to Haifa Wednesday.
The bomb that killed 13 and injured 70 people in Damascus Tuesday went off a stone's throw from the Russian Embassy.
On Monday, a Damascus terror attack killed 10 people.
Voice of Russia, TASS
Top news


text:
Treasure Diving v1.131
Downloads: 19034.6
Game features:
- Over 30 exciting expeditions to complete
- Over 100 unique artifacts to discover
- Over 25 different buildings to build
- Over 50 exotic marine inhabitants
- Awesome colorful graphics
- Varied gameplay experiences
- Endless sandbox gameplay
800x480 or higher resolution is required.
You may need to download nearly 70MB when you first start the game.
Recommended for You


text:
March 1963 • Table of Contents
On the Cover: Tools
A selection of some of the basic clay-working tools used by every potter is the subject of the photogram on this month's cover.
All Access and Web Edition subscribers can view this issue here.
Buy this back issue - $4.99 (PDF only)
A Potter's Studio by Anne Appleton Clarke
Sculpture: The Human Head (Part 3) by Edris Eckhardt
Racks and Trivets for Firing Enamels by Kathe Berl
Sculpture from Wheel-Thrown Forms by Leon Moburg
Show Time: Midwest Potters and Sculptors
Firing the Kiln by Moseley, Johnson and Koenig
Animals from Clay Slabs by Alice Lasher
Brush Printing demonstrated by Marc Bellaire
Copper Blue Glazes by F. Carlton Ball
Letters to the Editor
Suggestions from Our Readers
Answers to Questions
Summer Workshops
Index to Advertisers


text:
Welcome to WebmasterWorld Guest from 184.108.40.206
Forum Moderators: open
joined:Oct 23, 2000
votes: 7
Lycos paid inclusion [search.lycos.com]
Fast PartnerSite [fastsearch.com]
We've been talking about it here [webmasterworld.com]
When I pay for InSite, I might end up not showing up at Lycos Europe, and vice versa.
But perhaps someone who did sign up will know more?
Annual Membership: $18.00
Full refresh of your site content every 48 hours.
But when you go in to subscribe, you find that that's just for the privilege of paying yet more money:
Lycos InSite Select costs $18.00/year plus $12.00 per page
And still their wording is misleading. Here is the wording for their 10-page example:
$138 ($18/yr and $12 for 10 pages)
To an English speaking person, "$18/yr and $12 for 10 pages" would equal $30.00.
At any rate, they DO still offer free submission, but with the usual 4 to 6 week wait, and it is not guaranteed. In a break from the usual extortion we are now being charged across the net, it also appears that free submission is limited to one page of your site.
The whole thing has been reworked since I last checked.
This is what they state in bold on the first productpage for InSite Select [searchservices.lycos.com]:
Annual Membership: $18.00
Annual Cost per URL: $12.00
What you get is this:
-Guaranteed inclusion within 48 hours
-Full refresh every 48 hours
-Guaranteed inclusion for a full year
-Personalized Site Submission Reports
Is it worth it?
I guess it's aimed at the lazy and inexperienced websiteowner. Also if you have a crucial page in your site that you need to have in there. Plus it might be good for experimenting.
But submitting a whole site? Hmmm.
Funny though... They immediately ran through the site and upon checking the status of the URL... It offered to go ahead and spider the other78 pages on the site... Which, would be great... But, then, I saw my *confirm transaction* form... With a total of $936.00 due!!! Safe to say, I canceled that one!
~ Eric
Back to Lycos...
It came in and did more of a deep crawl than I have ever seen any spider go about with. Honestly, I had to check back to my account to make sure they (Lycos) did not go through and spider all of my links for $12 a piece!
Thankfully, looking into the logs proved to show that they indexed much more.
The user agent that they send out shows itself as:
Lycos_Spider_(modspider)" 188.8.131.52
...According to their documentation, the site should be included on the 24th. I will be watching closely, thats for sure!
~ Eric
So, I guess the main difference between the three products - Lycos.com InSite, Fast PartnerSite and Lycos.Europe PFI - is the 48H refreshment: you get that only at the respective point of inclusion.
So while with Fast you get included to all three, neither Lycos.com nor Lycos.europe will refresh your listings on a 48h basis when submitted via Fast PartnerSite.
To get that you have to submit to the respective Lycos program.
joined:July 21, 2000
votes: 0
As far as I can make out, FAST paid inclusion clients can't be in Europe - nor can Lycos.com clients. Which leaves Lycos.de for German speaking users.
Clear as mud :(
It's pwd protected.
It is $18 for a membership, then $12 for each individual URL for inclusion.
~ Eric
Also for all folks interested in Fast and especially PartnerSite a new exhaustive article at pandia.com [fastsearch.com] is recommendable.
I know, this is not what all you Euro/UK folks have been waiting for....
The German site doesn't seem to be updated regarding the InSite service.
Anyway, if you really want to have the entire site spidered there's the InSite Pro
- 1-250 Pages: $189.00/month
- 251-500 Pages: $279.00/month
A quick calculation shows that the discount kick is at the 188th URL. (Then, for some reason, it gets expensive again at 251 URLs. Weird.)
Anyway, the introductory price is nice in comparison to Inktomi's revised prices. For 10 URLs you pay $264 at Inktomi and $138 at Lycos (Fast).
The feature that it will spider your site and offer to index every other page (and appropriate fee) seems great. I was contemplating doing these paid deep-submits after relaunching a client's site, but generating the hundreds/thousands of URLs seemed aggravating.
I don't know if I would use it, or just submit the 100-200 pages that are going to be really SE friendly, but if they use any sort of link popularity, having all the pages in their database will likely help.
However, what about real time updating. If we add more pages, do I need to manually add them? Will the robot find them anyway and index them? Will the robot find them and charge me?
If I have to go and update it every week I'll lose my mind.
But I'm not sure on the exact technical details of the administration. Perhaps you could send an inquiry to Lycos - I'd expect them to be rather responsive on this matter.
Interesting little TEASER from Fast, given out via above mentioned Pandia article:
"Fast and Lycos is planning reports on keyword ranking and keyword click-throughs."
(edited by: heini at 10:23 pm (utc) on Feb. 25, 2002)
following my almost $900+ transaction, I found out that there was an error within making a transaction, and two different cards were billed.
It gave me an error, saying "an invalide credit card number has been entered" Low and behold though, they've both got $30 charges!
Anyways, I emailed them and called them on the error. They emailed back, apologetic, and stated that a $30 refend has been granted to one account.
So far, I've seen the Lycos Mod-Spider come in and play till it turns blue. Yet, searching lycos and fast both for the domain name (without the "www") in the search box... yields nothing.
Another funny thing? They claimed on Friday, the 22d, that my site would appear within the indexes by the 24th. And, I'm thinking today is the 25th.
Ah well, nothing like money well wasted. Er, spent!
~ Eric
...And so *did* my credit cards. Then again, I'm thankful that I didn't see charges on my accounts for $900+!
Looking into the logs reveals nothing as well. This is my quick summarization:
Submitted on 02/22/02
Supposed to be indexed and included on 02/24/02
Spiders Refresh every 48 hours.
...Spiders came on 02/24/02, but not since. Today, 020/25 - the site has not been spidered once by Lycos ModSpider or any other Lycos/Fast agents.
Seems like a hole in the wallet to me!
joined:Oct 27, 2001
votes: 0
Try looking under your logfile's "browsers" list. (That's where the Fast spider has been turning up in my logfile.)
>Are my search result rankings enhanced or affected by my participation in FAST PartnerSite?
No. Participating in the FAST PartnerSite program does not alter or enhance your result rankings. Providing searchers with premium, credible and relevant search results is what had made FAST a leading search provider for the web, and the integrity of our results will continue to take precedent.
> How are submitted pages ranked?
Submitted pages are ranked using the identical relevancy algorithms as all other pages in the index.
So, pay for nothing?? I mean, they give no benefit to your page, the algo is based on the site scale, so 1 page will not work...
Am I wrong??
Neon, based on the wording you presented, it certainly sounds as though there is no benefit. Fast: "Give us money." Customer: "Will it affect anything?"- Fast:"No, not at all but give us money anyway." Sounds like what happens in a dark alley.
Gotta laugh at that, I guess.
So, pay for nothing?
No, you pay for spidering (P4S). That way your pages get indexed more frequently. If you change a page, the SE's database will reflect that in a few days rather than a few weeks. ;)
In addition you may get some extra benefits in the form of reports.
the algo is based on the site scale, so 1 page will not work
Apparently other pages of your site may be spidered as well, but they'll not be indexed that often.
Thanks for pointing this out NeoN. I take that as a promise. If Fast really gave PFI pages a boost in ranking, it would seriously hurt their credibility and the quality of their serps.
BUT: having the chance to get you site reindexed each 24-48 hours leaves you with a lot of room for experimenting... studying the algo... being able to react fast on changes...
I for one can imagine a few scenarios in which having just one page of a site in the paid inclusion program would make a lot of sense.
Thats an interesting question. The site was indexed but not the index.html page and the page that was listed had slipped on our target search words. In alltheweb we were at number 1 or 2 for the last few months but only if the exact phrase box was checked. On Lycos.com we had slipped from number 1 to number 5 and then nowhere to be seen.
Now we have the correct page indexed (the one we want users to enter by) and this is at number 2.


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Sound, performance, blue-proof technology and value all come together in the Vance & Hines Tapered Slash-Cut Slip-ons. Built for the long haul, just install and enjoy for miles and miles. Complete your touring model exhaust system with Dresser Duals. True dual exhaust gives your motorcycle the traditional look you want and the performance only Vance & Hines can deliver. Baffles, mounting hardware and easy-to-understand instructions are included for a hassle-free perfect fit every time.
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The Art Of Writing 1,000 Words
On the heels of yesterday's post about John Fowles' writing process, I thought I'd continue the discussion one more day. This time, in my world–nonfiction.
Sure, this is a blog about fictional books, and I've posted about writing advice from George Orwell and Jonathan Franzen in the past. But what about us nonfiction writers? Can't we get any love?
So today I thought I'd take a look at a nonfiction writer. Scott Berkun is an author and speaker who also works for our friends at WordPress. Scott recently posted a real-time video (sped up) of him writing a 1,000 word article about…how to write a 1,000 word article. Brilliant!
He gives practical commentary on how he approaches his articles, from start to finish, during this 5 minute video of a presentation he did at Ignite Seattle.
Of course, all of our minds work in different ways. But I noticed a few similarities between myself and Scott. One, I tend to save sentences that I really like, but seem out of place, and try and fit them in other paragraphs if possible.
So if you're a writer, I think you'll enjoy this video. Check it out. And, after, let me know: How would you approach writing a 1,000 word article? Have your ever written one? Promote yourself!
colleen aldous #
This was really interesting and very appropriate for me today. As an academic I get to read and edit students' material on a daily basis. This morning it took me about 15 minutes to edit the title of a protocol to get it to correctly get the message across. Writing is not as easy as 1,2,3 … the thinking and pondering can at times be very straining! But, unless one is in front of the screen with eyes on it and fingers either drumming the table while one is in thought or tapping away at the keys…nothing happens!
LikeLikeAugust 3, 2011
I enjoyed watching that video! Thanks for sharing it.
LikeLikeAugust 7, 2011
That was very interesting. I liked the part that he said he has a notebook or something to write with when ideas hit him. I always have paper but not a book where I can write ideas that hit me. I am thinking of investing in an ipad but my cons on it is if the battery dies out or my documents get erased. Does anyone out there think an ipad is a good tool for writers?
LikeLikeAugust 9, 2011


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Third person arrested in Fairmont teen's death
Posted April 4, 2013
Fairmont, N.C. — A third person has been arrested in the shooting death last month of a teen at a Fairmont park.
Bobby Deshawn Jones, 19, of Lumberton, is charged with first-degree murder and conspiracy to commit murder.
DaQuan "Mucci" Stephens, 16, was playing basketball at Calvin Haggins Park on Linden Street on March 22 when another 16-year-old boy approached and shot him repeatedly at close range, police said.
The suspected gunman, Jerod Kutree McNeill, of Lumberton, is still sought in the case, as is Julius Rogers, 20, of Fairmont.
In addition to Jones, Shinaha Nashae Grissett, 22, of Fairmont, and Natasha Deshawn Owens, 23, of Lumberton, have been arrested in the case.
Police said they believe a carload of people followed Stephens to the park – one even had her 2-year-old child with her, they said – and that the shooting was gang-related.


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King Bidgood's In the Bathtub
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A delightful group of women stopped by our shop while they were working the San Mateo County Fair. They walked by our shop each morning and since we were open early, they wandered in. We had a wonderful conversation and one of them asked if we had King Bidgood's in the Bathtub. I'd never heard of it but looked it up and saw that I could get it from our distribution center, probably overnight. "Well, you'd better get three copies then!" she said. She wanted to give three people copies as gifts. So, of course, I ordered six! Now I'm thrilled to have this terrific book in our shop and on our web site. Without spoiling the ending, I'll say that the ending is about as social-justice oriented an ending as I've ever seen. Lovely!
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Winner of the Caldecott Honor, a School Library Journal Book of the Year, this ALA Notable Children's book tells the story of King Bidgood who has decided that he is NOT going to get out of his tub.
One by one, the Knight, the Queen, the Duke, and eventually all the members of the King's Court attempt--and fail--to persuade King Bidgood to leave his sumptuous bath. Why King Bidgood finally leaves his bathtub makes a delightful surprise ending to this exuberant tale.
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This property has been removed by the agent. It may be sold or temporarily removed from the market
3 bedroom semi-detached house for saleThe Maltings, Sowerby, Thirsk, YO7
Guide Price £157,950
Property Description
Key features
- 3 Bedroom Home
- Near Town Centre
- Good Accommodation
- Garden
- Parking
- Viewing Essential
- Semi Detached Home
Full description
Three bedroom home which offers excellent space at this level of price. Near Thirsk town centre and local schools, This property comprises Lounge, Kitchen, Three Bedrooms, Bathroom, Gardens and parking.
Entry Hall
Entry to the home is through a solid timber door leading to the small reception area. From this point, there is access to the lounge.
4.52m(14'10'') x 4.17m(13'8'')
From the vestibule, the lounge has a modern fire and surround, large window to the front aspect, central heating radiator, open staircase to the first floor accommodation and a door leading to the breakfast kitchen.
Dining Kitchen
4.52m(14'10'') x 3.00m(9'10'')
This fitted kitchen comprises of oak fronted base and wall units which have roll top work surfaces. There is also a sink, tiled splash back and surround, fitted eye level oven and hob. There is also a window to the rear aspect, laminate flooring, central heating radiator and a door leading to the garden.
First Floor
The landing area allows access to the homes the bedrooms and bathroom. There is a storage cupboard and access to the loft area.
Master Bedroom
3.99m(13'1'') x 2.62m(8'7'')
This double bedroom has a window to the front aspect and a central heating radiator
Bedroom Two
3.28m(10'9'') x 2.62m(8'7'')
A further double bedroom to the rear of the home with a window over looking the garden and a central heating radiator.
Bedroom Three
2.62m(8'7'') x 1.78m(5'10'')
This single bedroom has a central heating radiator and window to the front elevation of the home.
1.75m(5'9'') x 1.68m(5'6'')
The bathroom has a panelled bath, w.c., pedestal sink, central heating radiator and a window to the rear.
The garden to the rear of the home has been gravelled for ease and there is also a timber shed. There are fenced borders and to the front, there is a small lawned area. There is also parking allocated for this property which is off road.
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The manager of a ranch owned by Zimbabwe's last white ruler has been ordered by president Robert Mugabe's loyalists to vacate the property so it can be occupied by a state institution.
Farm manager Owen Jarman said he had not yet been given a date for him and 35 workers to quit the 1,300-acre Gwenoro farm, which was owned by ex-Rhodesian premier Ian Smith.
Mr Smith yielded power to Mr Mugabe in 1980 and died in 2007 in South Africa, aged 88.
Mr Jarman said it was now owned by Mr Smith's surviving son and daughter, who both live outside Zimbabwe.
He said occupiers from the government's Midlands State University had begun tilling the fields for the new farming season.


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Renekton Build Guide
Renekton, The Assassin of the Sandswritten by CCBeara
Renekton Build
Table of Contents
|Change Log
|Masteries + Runes
|Summoner Abilities
|Skilling Order
|Pros / Cons
|Working in the team
Hello, I am RoopdeeRoo and I'm here to present my way of playing Renekton, The Butcher of the Sands. Renekton is one of my most played champs, and one of my favorites. I play him a bit differently than some, but I feel it is a very effective way to play him. This build is a bit trickier than the straight tanky-dps build, but it can feel a lot more rewarding.
This guide will show you how to play Renekton as a burst assassin that excels at ganking and massive burst damage, but lacks in a lot of great team fighting ability due to his semi-squishy nature.
Note: I do not claim this to be the best way to play him. I do not claim this is the "high-elo pro pro" way to play him. This is just how I like to play Renekton.
Change Log
-Guide Added
Reign of Anger Renekton gains Fury for every autoattack he makes. This Fury can empower his abilities with bonus effects. Additionally, Renekton gains bonus Fury when he is low on life.
Building this can be a bit tricky in lane, especially when you are a very easily harassed champion, but if you do, your abilities will be noticeably stronger. My tip for laning is to just focus on last hitting first and harassing last. Generally, you won't be incredibly scary until you get your Bloodthirster.
Cull the Meek Renekton swings his blade, dealing moderate physical damage to all targets around him and heals for a small portion of the damage dealt. If he has more than 50 Fury, his damage and heal are increased.
This is your main AoE damage and lane sustainability skill. If used with 50 Fury, it deals much more damage and can help your otherwise average team fight ability.
-If you are getting low on health in the lane, make sure to use your 50 Fury on Cull the Meek to get a better Heal.
-Make sure you hit the maximum amount of enemies that you can to get a better heal.
-Can be a good combo off of Ruthless Predator during harassment.
Ruthless Predator Renekton slashes his target twice, dealing moderate physical damage and stuns them for 0.75 seconds. If Renekton has more than 50 Fury, he slashes his target three times, dealing high physical damage and stuns them for 1.5 seconds.
This is our main burst ability and it can absolutely wreck if used well. It is an extremely good mid game nuke that will absolutely destroy squishy champions. Used with 50 Fury, it does absolutely crazy damage. This is the build's main focus point.
-Early on, you can use this to last hit easier.
-Try to use this on their carry. The massive damage will most likely force them to retreat.
Slice and Dice Renekton dashes, dealing damage to units along the way. Empowered, Renekton deals bonus damage and reduces the armor of units hit.
This is our main mobility ability and our secondary farming ability. Used with 50 Fury, this can allow your abilities to hurt the tanks even more. Late game, this ability does pretty decent damage as well.
-Remember to try to go through creeps/enemies when using this to give yourself another dash.
-Can be used to blink through some small walls.
Dominus Renekton transforms into the Tyrant form, gaining bonus Health and dealing damage to enemies around him. While in this form, Renekton gains Fury periodically.
This is mostly used for team fights and some clutch moments for ruining enemy ganks. The added Fury generation is also incredibly handy for making all of your abilities hit harder.
-Make sure you pay attention to the range increase on all of his abilities when this is active.
-Used properly, this can completely turn around situations when you would have normally lost.
Masteries + Runes
For Renekton, I like to build him purely for offense, sacrificing a lot of defense.
I go 21/0/9 grabbing improved Exhaust and Ghost.
2x Greater Quintessence of Desolation
1x Greater Quintessence of Swiftness
More armor penetration = more raw damage. Swiftness is just nice to have for speed. It's my personal preference to have them. If you'd prefer more armor penetration, go for it.
9x Greater Mark of Desolation
More armor penetration. :D
5x Greater Seal of Fortitude
4x Greater Seal of Warding
Flat Health and Magic Resist help him a lot in the laning phase.
9x Greater Glyph of Shielding
More magic resist, but for allowing for a lot more survivability late game.
Summoner Abilities
Best Choices
I take Exhaust and Ghost to allow for incredibly effective ganks and some pretty insane turn-arounds. Oh? You're being ganked at low HP? Run into a bush, pop Dominus and use Exhaust and just obliterate them.
Good Choices
Ignite is a good spell for some early game clashes, but it's more up to personal preference. If you like Ignite on him more, use it.
Cleanse can be a great asset in team fights and some CC Heavy teams.
Poor Choices
It's not horrible, but not amazing for Renekton. He does better when chasing at crazy speed and Flash is more of a small gap closer.... which we already have with Slice and Dice
This is more used for some good safe laning and good global mobility. Renekton as an assassin doesn't need this.
It isn't that great for Renekton. He has a self heal along with a nice health boost when he uses Dominus
Meh. He's not a support.
Not a great asset for ganking and whatnot
Skilling Order
For Renekton, I focus on leveling up Cull the Meek first for easier laning. Slice and Dice comes next to help with farming and more damage.
The reason I level up the main burst spell and the focus of this build last is because it has the lowest base damage out of all of his abilities. It scales better off with AD than levels.
With Renekton, I start off with a Doran's Blade for some early game AD and HP.
From there, I start building my core.
Core Build Example
The Bloodthirster
This is the basis of what makes this build strong. With this maxed out, your W will hit like 400 trucks driven poorly through ice. It also helps you stay alive longer in a lot of situations.
Mercury's Treads
This are pretty general on any champion that is pretty susceptible to CC. The added magic resist is also a huge help.
The Black Cleaver
The Black Cleaver adds even more terror to your damage. When you hit W, it will destroy any sort of armor they thought they had.
If You Get Fed...
The Bloodthirster
You can never get enough of a good thing.
Sword of the Occult
If you are confident enough, this can be an extremely devastating item.
Situational Items
Last Whisper
If they're stacking armor, GET THIS ITEM. Generally, you won't need this item.
Youmuu's Ghostblade
More armor penetration and a really good active.
Trinity Force
This is only if you want some all around stats and a *bit* more burst on your Ruthless Predator
Vs. High DPS
Sunfire Cape
Yayayayayayayay I'm on fire.
This is only in extreme cases (e.g. Yi or Tryn fed to oblivion). It can make your life a lot easier.
Guardian Angel
This can make you near unkillable, especially vs. DPS champions.
Vs. High Burst
[item=Force of Nature]
Good stats and OMFG SUPA SPEE. HP Regen is also nice too.
Banshee's Veil
Look at that sexy orb of doom for any enemy burst. CAN'T GET ME NOW, CAN YOU AP JERK SION.
Wit's End
This item can add some DPS and give you some crazy MR.
Pros / Cons
+Stupidly good burst
+Incredible farming ability
+Incredibly good 1v1 ability
+Decent laning, especially vs. melee champs
-Pretty squishy compared to an offtank build
-Slice and Dice can be pretty tricky
-Not as terrifying in team fights due to the squishy nature of this build
Working in the team
Renekton can either take solo top or duo bot lanes and be very effective.
Solo Top
Farm. Farmfarmfarmfarmfarm. You probably won't have to b for a while, unless you get in a bad anti-melee lane. Solo top isn't too difficult to master, all you have to do is not die or lose your tower.
If you happened to be getting out harassed, you can try to last hit with your Cull the Meek pretty effectively. If you can learn the range, it can help you a lot in the lane.
A good general solo lane harassment technique is to
Just try to avoid harassment as much as possible.
Duo Bot
Get every last hit you can. Farm like mad.
Duo bot isn't much different than solo top, but it generally is A LOT more aggressive. Either you will dominate and be able to easily zone them out of the experience line, or it will go horribly and you'll have to work extra hard to catch back up.
If you need to, roam or jungle.
How to Play Renekton
After you get your Bloodthirster, get the stacks up and gank like crazy. Every chance you get, gank and farm. Basically, the general rule for Renekton is to farm nonstop. Never just be sitting in a bush waiting to gank. Don't b unnecessarily. If you have 4k, but there's a huge minion wave needing to be killed, farm some more.
Once mid game comes along, you should still be farming. However, at this point, teams start grouping up. Team fights will generally start. Play like any other assassin and come in late and obliterate. If you come in too early, you'll just explode and die. Just because you have some nice sexy health with Dominus doesn't mean you are unkillable.
A general team fight combo is
While not the cookie cutter build, assassin Renekton is a beast. Once you master it, you'll completely destroy.
Thank you for reading my guide, and please leave a comment with feedback~
Build Guide?
Submitted by CCBeara
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