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Cigar at the ready, CBS News Abnchor Dan Rather battles it out in the TV news wars.
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"I've said before, I've said continuously and I say it now, I like Connie," Rather insists. "I bear her absolutely no ill will and I wish her the best," adding that he has done so many times in conversation and correspondence with Chung.
Still, Rather has taken l'affaire Chung on the chin. He's the bad guy. This role is not new to him, and it happens to him more than it does to Peter Jennings or Tom Brokaw. Maybe it's because he has never really settled into the ways of the New York media crowd. Partly as a result of his stand-alone attitude, the national media, newspapers, magazines and the tabloid TV shows have seized on everything that happens to Rather. That strange things seem to happen to him is no secret, and Rather's aware of the public's perception. "You're gonna run into people who will say, 'Well, yeah, but other people are journalists and anchor people and celebrities and do roughly the same thing that Dan does, and these things haven't happened to them.'"
In 1980, there was the cab ride in Chicago during which Rather, in town to do a "60 Minutes" interview, thought the driver either didn't know where he was going or was taking a longer route to increase the fare. When the anchor asked the cabbie to stop, he sped up instead and Rather ended up with his head out the window yelling for help. Rather still sees it as part of big-city life. "Anybody who rides very much in the back of cabs has had something very similar happen to them at one time or another," he says. "Anybody who tells me that they haven't had something like that happen to them, tells me they haven't ridden very many cabs in very many cities." Typical or not, the incident still made the national press.
"What's the frequency, Kenneth?" is the most celebrated Rather incident, and the most musically exploited--the rock group REM wrote a song based on the incident. Some version of the question was asked of Rather on an October night in 1986. As he tells the story, he was walking home on New York's Park Avenue after dinner at a friend's apartment. Two men approached and asked him that odd question, presumably about the radio spectrum. When he couldn't answer the pop quiz correctly, they beat the crap out of him.
Rather's official explanation of the incident is brief: "I got mugged. Who understands these things? I didn't and I don't now. I didn't make a lot of it at the time and I don't now. I wish I knew who did it and why, but I have no idea."
The odd and somehow disappointing thing is a lot of people simply didn't believe that it could have been that simple. Among the most creative and unsubstantiated stories to be put forth came from Rather's colleagues at CBS who believed, seemed to need to believe, almost begged for it to be true, that Rather had been beaten up by the jealous husband of a woman with whom the anchor was supposedly having an affair. The assault on his reputation might have hurt as much as the physical wounds.
The context missing in most of the reporting about the incident is that Rather has been stalked before, and his reputation attacked, mostly for being Dan Rather. That's especially true in the world of American politics, and politicians' general dislike of the network anchor has almost certainly fed the public's perception of Dan Rather as tough and unyielding.
His first political run-in occurred in 1974, when Rather, then the CBS correspondent covering the White House, stood at a Houston news conference to ask Richard Nixon a question after thinking the president had pointed to him, though some claim Nixon had pointed to the ABC reporter. "Thank you, Mr. President. Dan Rather, of CBS News. Mr. President..." and then Rather was interrupted by applause and jeers. Nixon took the opportunity to ask Rather, "Are you running for something?" Rather responded, "No, sir, Mr. President, are you?" With performances like that, Rather gained the enmity of the Nixon White House.
Rather, who co-authored a book about the Nixon presidency, still views Nixon harshly. "History will accurately record President Nixon's strengths and weaknesses, both as a person and as a president," says the man whom Nixon considered his tormentor. "He will get full credit for his accomplishments opening the door to China, but it will be harsher on him than current history about his being part of a criminal conspiracy."
Questions about a scandal in the Reagan administration led Rather to a run-in with then-Vice President George Bush during a live interview on national television in January 1988. This incident highlighted Rather's testy relations with top politicians, but also his vulnerability to attack. In the midst of the interview, Bush chastised Rather for creating a six-minute blackout on the network the previous September. It was the vice president's retort to Rather's insistent questioning about Bush's role in the Iran-Contra affair.
There is general agreement about what caused the six-minute hole on the air of the CBS network on Sept. 11, 1987. CBS Sports was showing a U.S. Open semifinal tennis match between Steffi Graf and Lori McNeil. The match was running long and the CBS News team in Miami, covering the visit of Pope John Paul II, was told late in the day, maybe as late as 6:10 p.m., just 20 minutes before showtime, that it might have to collapse the half-hour show into less time. Rather, by all accounts, resisted the move to cut the news short. When CBS Sports ended its coverage of the match at 6:32 and switched to CBS News, Rather wasn't there and the screen went black--for six minutes. Although CBS would later try to say that it took Rather that long to get back to the set after the end of the prolonged match, in fact, it took him that long to gather himself after losing the argument with bosses in New York not to let the tennis coverage eat into the news. The official explanation ended up sounding like a cover-up and made both Rather and CBS look bad.
The blackout, Rather says, "was an effort to convince the powers-that-be that news is more important than sports. Among the many battles I've lost, that's one." However, the point Rather was trying to make, one of a number that has earned him the nickname "Dan Quixote," was lost in the thicket of bizarre, confusing and often contradictory explanations. From a journalist's perspective, Rather's stance was heroic. He was standing up for the news, but it ended up being another weird incident.
Four months later, on Jan. 25, 1988, Rather was in New York doing a live satellite interview on the "CBS Evening News" with Bush, who was in Washington. Rather asked the vice president, who was running to succeed Reagan, about the Iran-Contra affair and his involvement in it. Bush was not being responsive and Rather kept pressing. Bush finally let Rather have it with a planned assault.
"It's not fair to judge my whole career by a rehash on Iran," Bush began. "How would you like it if I judged your career by those seven [sic] minutes when you walked off the set in New York [sic]? Would you like that?" Bush got the length of time and the city wrong, but it was plain that he had thrown Rather.
"I had raised the possibility with the staff before the interview that he might raise Miami," Rather recalls. "The staff unanimously felt that no way he'd do that, but I thought he might." In fact, some at CBS News had gotten word shortly before the interview that Bush would raise the Miami incident. "I wasn't shocked or surprised by it. I was thinking at the time, 'Let's get to the core questions.' That's exactly what I did. Now, what I wasn't prepared for, and this is where I made a big mistake, was for the whole weight of the vice president's presidential campaign--even before the interview was over--to begin spinning things their way, and to succeed."
The Bush campaign claimed that Rather had tried to set them up. The truth was that Bush and his confederates had set up Rather. Bettag, who was Rather's executive producer at the time, believes that Rather knew what he was getting into with Bush, but that his nature would not allow him to avoid the confrontation. "He believes so deeply that it is essential that a reporter not shrink from controversy that he has taken on any number of things that tee people off," Bettag says.
That also goes to the heart of what Dan Rather is about, both the initial flare-up with CBS over news coverage, and his willingness to plunge into the Bush interview. "The Bush interview and those things, you know, those were going for the heart of the story," says Rather. "You can argue whether I did it well or did it badly, but they were the result of going for the heart of the story. And if you always go for the heart of the story, you know going in that you're not always going to be the most popular person around and you're going to get a reputation for being a lightning rod if you, well, if you do it that way."
That politicians dislike Dan Rather has been evident throughout his career. A lot of people at CBS also have had run-ins with Rather, but that is an inevitable part of the terribly insecure landscape of network news. That is why all the broadcast network anchors fight for, and are given, the title of managing editor, a rank above that of executive producer. What operates in the newsroom is his code, and if you don't follow it, there's no room for you. If you have gone a few miles together and are on his team, the anchorman can protect you against most violations short of a felony. Piss off the anchorman and you can hit the road. Bob Schieffer thinks it's an impossible situation and that making enemies is a sure thing. "You're not gonna please all the people all the time," Schieffer says of Rather, "and when you're in a high-profile position like that you're gonna build up some. And he has some, there's no question."
Saying bad things about network anchormen is easy. What is a bit tougher to talk about is whether the intense Rather is exceedingly courteous and tries to be a nice guy, or that the weird Rather is just playing a part. Walk the halls of CBS with him and you'll notice that he says hello to everyone, but more impressive is the manner in which everyone says hello to him. They know Dan Rather and have talked to him before.
Former CBS News producer Marty Koughan remembers--but has never before told because Rather swore him to secrecy--an incident during the 1987 newswriters strike. It was a long strike and the CBS writers' nonunion colleagues took up a collection to help those on the picket lines. Koughan was the designated treasurer. "I never intended to go to Dan," says Koughan, now an independent documentary producer. "Dan said, 'Why haven't you come to me?' He asked me how much I'd raised." Koughan told Rather it was several thousand dollars. "He wrote a check doubling it. And he said, 'Don't ever tell anyone this happened.' That was totally sincere. In Dan's case, these things are utterly sincere." It's that kind of story that Rather's fans point to when they argue that Rather is a dream to work with.
For now, everyone at CBS is learning to work with the new people from Westinghouse, though nobody is sure what the new company will bring to the network. "I'm as mystified as the next person about what's going to happen," Rather said last fall. "I might be a little more hopeful than some around here." Noting that hope is not faith, Rather says he bases his hope on his experience and belief in the people he works with. But the current uncertainty may also fuel his defensiveness about CBS News' third-place position among the network's nightly broadcasts.
"Ratings come and go. Good journalism doesn't. And what I try to be about is good journalism," Rather says. "It may strike some people as sophomoric or corny, but that's the way I feel. The way I judge us competitively is not by what the ratings are, but by what I think about the integrity of the broadcast. What do I think about my own performance on a given story. Quality is my measurement. One of our competitors says, 'Rather always wants to talk about quality when his ratings are low.' That's true. I also wanted to talk about quality when we went over 200 consecutive weeks winning. I've tried to talk about quality all the way through. I think my record is clear.
"We still have the highest quality worldwide electronic news gathering operation in the world. Check it out. Check who's made the big mistakes, who's made the really embarrassing mistakes, who's sold out the most often. [Rather said this before the recent "60 Minutes" debacle over a tobacco story the network spiked.] Everybody makes mistakes. Everybody has their bad days. Nobody does it perfect, but our record through the worst of times--which includes right now when we're being sold, when the whole network is third--if you're gonna talk about integrity, you're gonna talk about quality, CBS News leads. I recognize full well if we don't come back in the ratings, it won't make any difference. But we'll come back. Bank it. At CBS, it's not what we've lost, but what we still have." With his longtime ally Andrew Heyward now in the job of CBS News president, Rather is more optimistic.
Still, when he's asked how much more CBS News can lose and maintain its credibility, Rather says, "None. Zero. Zip. Nada. Not an inch. Not a penny."
Although Rather says he prefers to do his lobbying of corporate executives privately, if Westinghouse tries to cut the news division, expect Rather to make noise about it. That's what he did when cuts were made under Larry Tisch's ownership. Rather put his name on a New York Times op-ed piece that was entitled "From Murrow to Mediocrity?"
"Laurence Tisch [who became CEO of the network in September 1986] told us when he arrived that he wanted us to be the best. We want nothing more than to fulfill that mandate," the article read. "Ironically, he has now made the task seem something between difficult and impossible. I have said before that I have no intention of participating in the demise of CBS. But do the owners and officers of the new CBS see news as a trust...or only as a business venture?"
The battle of the bottom line versus quality journalism has always loomed large at CBS because of Edward R. Murrow, a CBS legend and one of the first great journalists in television news. The Murrow legacy also plays a big role in Rather's outlook. Many who have interviewed for jobs at CBS News tell similar stories about their meetings with Rather, usually the last one of the day, and his leading them out of the office while telling them that the ghost of Edward R. Murrow still walks the halls of CBS News. Ask him if he thinks he is Murrow, and Rather answers the question more quickly than he has any other: "No."
"I look in the mirror every morning when I shave and I know better than anybody that I'm not Edward R. Murrow and that I'm not about to become Murrow. I met Murrow. I trained under [Eric] Sevareid, Charles Collingwood, Walter Cronkite," he says. "Go down the list, you're talking about guys who are in the pantheon. They did give me a very strong sense of the following things: It matters, news matters, it does count. On some days it may not count for much, but it matters; two, it's a public trust. That's the way you have to approach it."
Bottom-line management is ever more prevalent today, Rather believes, and it is undermining what he says journalists need most: courage to overcome the fear. "Fear that you can't do right and do well at the same time," says Rather. "Fear that if you listen to the wee small voice within you that says, 'Don't do this. It's not good journalism' or if you listen to the small voice that says, 'Do it.' And it might be good journalism, it might be great. The fear is that if you listen to those voices that you won't have your job very long, whatever your job is."
Rather argues that he can speak out because he doesn't worry about his job, or his security, as much as he did when he was a news director at a Houston television station. "My point is the fear is a helluva lot more intense, it's larger and it scares you a whole lot more if you're where I was in 1960 than where I am in 1996, but it's real for everybody. The reason I've tried to speak about it is that my experience with fears is it's better when you can get them out."
But he doesn't have a magic answer. "I don't have a solution to it. If I did, 'CBS Evening News' and CBS News would be a lot better. I think the first step is to realize that we're afraid and that fear permeates every newsroom. The question is: How can you get the ratings, or the circulation, and still practice the kind of journalism that you can be proud of? Among the things we can do is make a little noise about it. What worries me is the sheet of silence: Everybody knows, but everybody is afraid to say."
Rather tells one last cigar story and a smile brightens his face. The story is of a different era in the television news business early in Rather's tenure at CBS, about a former executive producer of the "CBS Evening News"--Les Midgley.
"Midgley loved a good cigar. He was one of those people who, when he smoked a cigar, his face literally lit up. He was here when I first got here, and I always thought that one of the things that helped me get along with Midgley was that I liked cigars, and we could talk a little bit about cigars. He knew a whole hell of a lot more about them than I did, but we shared an appreciation for cigars. Les had bought, how I don't know, 500 of the last great Cuban cigars before things went bad. He numbered each one of them and cared for them as you would a child. He had a humidor somewhere in his home, but it was more than a humidor, it was a whole room where the temperature was controlled. And he didn't smoke them often, but on the occasion of something really good either at work or at home he'd pull one out. And I used to circle him like a giant hawk when I thought the occasion might merit one of those cigars."
Fifteen years as anchorman of the "CBS Evening News" certainly merits one of those cigars, and there are likely to be more occasions for a special smoke. Rather says he still likes his job: "I've liked it from the beginning; and while one could make an argument that in the beginning I had something to prove, that day is long since passed. Now I do it because I really have a passion for it. I like it. Turns out that I really like daily news best. Everything from the adrenaline rush that there is to the fact that you play every day. The scoreboard lights up every day, but then the next day you play again."
Alejandro Benes is a journalist in Washington, D.C.
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EDITOR'S NOTE: This is an account of how Bob McCord negotiated prodded and pulled the state's Freedom of Information Act through against all odds. As the publisher, owner and editor of The Times of North Little Rock, McCord pulled off the impossible when the then state's two biggest daily newspapers — the Arkansas Gazette and the Arkansas Democrat — wouldn't get involved because they didn't think the proposal had a chance of passage. But unlike other accounts, this story is written in Bob's own words. The staff of The Times over the years has been proud to carry on Bob's legacy as not only advocates for sunshine laws but his tradition as staunch defenders of the act. We have used the Act frequently and proudly serve its contributions to the highest standards of journalism
Arkansas' Freedom of Information law — one of the most effective in the nation — came about because of the work of an upstart journalism organization and the resolve of a newcomer Republican to change Arkansas politics.
The Republican was Winthrop Rockefeller who decided to settle in Arkansas after returning from World War II and to do his best to end one-party rule in what used to be the most Democratic state in the country. Rockefeller, who served two terms as governor from 1967 to 1971, was the first Republican to be elected governor of Arkansas since Reconstruction.
Rockefeller came to Arkansas in 1953 to visit an Army buddy. Intrigued by the state, he settled on Petit Jean Mountain and followed the Rockefeller tradition of philanthropy and later, through an appointment by Governor Orval Faubus, became involved in bringing industry to the state. He soon saw the need to strengthen the tiny Republican Party in one-party Arkansas.
At the same time, a chapter of a national organization of journalists named Sigma Delta Chi (now the Society of Professional Journalists) was being started in Little Rock. The year was 1961, and once formed, the chapter members — largely reporters and photographers rather than editors and publishers — looked about for a project. They became mildly interested in the national organization's campaign for a law in every state that would provide access to government meetings and records — laws similar to a national Freedom of Information bill that was before Congress.
The Arkansas legislature had passed a very weak open-meetings law in 1953, but it was easily violated because it permitted public meetings to be closed if the agency holding the meeting decided it was considering "privileged matters, communications or information concerning individuals." There was no law in Arkansas guaranteeing access to public records and documents.
The result was that secrecy was prevalent in government throughout the state.
Meanwhile, Rockefeller, seeing the abuse of government power, election fraud and other examples of government in secrecy, became convinced that the state needed a strong Republican Party to act as a watchdog. So he started a couple of organizations, the Arkansas Election Research Council and the Committee for Two Parties. People began urging him to run for office, and in 1964 he decided to become a candidate for governor against Faubus.
Faubus won easily, capturing 56 percent of the vote. But Rockefeller was determined, and in his concession speech to Faubus he announced that he would run again in two years.
Rockefeller immediately began criticizing the one-party dominance of state government and the secret deals of the "Faubus machine." Rockefeller was responsible for the voters rejecting a huge highway bond issue that Faubus proposed. Traveling the state, Rockefeller described his inability to see voting records, or even to find out which banks were chosen as depositories of state money — depositories that didn't even have to go to the expense of paying interest on the money.
Rockefeller's lawyers took the state treasurer to the Supreme Court, which ruled that under common law, citizens had the right to know which banks had public funds on deposit. The lawsuit was among the things that made Faubus decide not to run for a seventh term, and, ironically, the author of the bank decision, Associate Justice Jim Johnson, became Rockefeller's opponent in November 1966. Both Rockefeller and Johnson promised that, if elected, they would ask the legislature to pass a law opening records to the public, and the two parties made this a plank in their platform.
After Rockefeller was elected, the need for a better law for open meetings was also demonstrated. A few senior legislators met with the State Revenue Building Commission and decided to buy Capitol Hill apartments, a decrepit building next to the Capitol owned by a friend of the legislators. Reporters heard about the meeting, but when they showed up to cover it, the legislators made them leave. But the reporters found out what happened at the meeting and wrote about it, and not only the press but the public was incensed.
In Fort Smith, reporters attempted to cover a meeting where the trustees of the state-operated junior college were going to raise staff salaries, but they were denied admission under the provisions of the so-called open-meetings law of 1953. The trustees asked Attorney General Bruce Bennett if they were correct, and Bennett said yes, writing in his official opinion that whatever a government official said was privileged was, in fact, privileged and therefore not subject to public scrutiny.
The opinion caused an uproar among journalists.
The search for a project by the Little Rock Chapter of Sigma Delta Chi came to an end when the members, already encouraged by the passage of a federal Freedom of Information law in 1966, voted to take on the drafting and promoting of a law for Arkansas. The Arkansas Press Association, the Arkansas Press Women and the Arkansas Associated Press Managing Editors Association passed resolutions supporting the project.
True to his promise to the voters, Governor Rockefeller already had ordered his staff to prepare open-records and open-meetings bills. But State Capitol reporters prevailed upon him to let Sigma Delta Chi prepare the bill so it would be a nonpartisan effort. Rockefeller agreed.
The organization had only about 20 members and no money to spend on lawyers; there were two statewide newspapers in Little Rock then but neither of them made any contribution and were, in fact, somewhat skeptical about the project. So, Sigma Delta Chi members actually drafted the bill, deciding to deal with meetings and records in the same bill. The custom in most states had been to have separate laws on meetings and records.
Help came from several sources — lawyer friends like Milton McLees, a municipal judge who believed in open government, and legislative allies like Nathan Schoenfeld of Hot Springs, who persuaded the Legislative Council legal staff to give advice and collect Freedom of Information laws from other states for the journalists to use as guides.
For the bill's sponsors, the journalists recruited Ben Allen, a lawyer and a liberal veteran state senator from Little Rock, and Leon Holsted, a pharmacist, a former athlete and a very popular state representative from North Little Rock. They were Democrats, of course. In fact, at the time there were only three Republicans in the 135-member legislature.
Because freedom of information had been a campaign issue and was written about a great deal in state newspapers, there was very little opposition expressed publicly about the bill, although many legislators said privately that government would operate more smoothly if the press had less, rather than more, access.
But Allen and Holsted did a good job of persuading their colleagues to vote for the bill. Many of Rockefeller's aides lobbied for the bill, especially those known in those days as "Democrats for Rockefeller" who were weary of the Faubus machine.
Rockefeller, of course, spoke in favor of the bill when asked, but he cleverly avoided the implication that this was a Republican idea.
Many journalists also became lobbyists for the bill, although a couple of State Capitol reporters refused, saying it would imperil their objectivity. The chairman of the FOI committee that did the brunt of the work was Richard Allin, who had been a State Capitol reporter for the Arkansas Gazette before becoming a columnist. Among those who worked hard on the project were Sylvia Spencer, Bob Carey and Cragg Hines of the United Press, Ernest Valachovic of the Gazette, R. B. Mayfield and Marcus George of the Arkansas Democrat and John Robert Starr of The Associated Press.
Many amendments were proposed that would have crippled the bill, but luckily all were avoided except for four, which were the usual exceptions found in most FOI laws. Amazingly, the bill passed without a dissenting vote — 91-0 in the House, 32-0 in the Senate. Governor Rockefeller signed it into law Feb. 14, 1967.
Two months later, the Arkansas Freedom of Information Act got its first test.
At the conclusion of a regular meeting, the North Little Rock City Council adjourned to the mayor's office to talk with City Attorney Reed Thompson about opposing a Public Service Commission order. Two members of the press, Ralph Patrick, managing editor of The Times of North Little Rock, and Les Seago, a reporter for the Arkansas Gazette, followed the public officials into the office but were told by Mayor Casey Laman and Thompson that this was an executive session and they would have to leave.
Patrick objected, citing the recent passage of the FOI law. Thompson said that the City Council was his client and that no law could require that a lawyer meet with a client in public. When Patrick continued to object, Thompson said, "Go ahead and file your damn lawsuit."
That's exactly what the North Little Rock Times did. It engaged as its lawyer a real advocate of open government, Phil Carroll of the Rose Law Firm of Little Rock, who for many years was the libel lawyer for the Arkansas Gazette and other print and broadcast companies.
Circuit Court Judge Warren E. Wood heard the case and ruled that, indeed, the city had violated the new FOI law, and this infuriated Mayor Laman. He then hired Leon Catlett, one of the state's most successful lawyers, to appeal to the state Supreme Court. There was an exchange of briefs and oral arguments in the case, styled Laman vs. McCord. On Oct. 21, 1968, the Supreme Court unanimously upheld the lower court decision in favor of the newspaper
In the opinion, written by Associate Justice George Rose Smith, the court said:
"In the act now before us, the General Assembly clearly declared the state's public policy: 'It is vital in a democratic society that public business be performed in an open and public manner.' We have no hesitation in asserting our conviction that the Freedom of Information Act was passed wholly in the public interest and is to be liberally interpreted to the end that its praiseworthy purposes may be achieved.
"The language of the act is so clear, so positive, that there is hardly any need for interpretation … Counsel for the city base their arguments entirely on the attorney-client privilege … predicting that the city will not be able to prepare its cases for trial without disclosing its strategy and its weaknesses to its adversaries.
"We think that, as a practical matter, counsel are unduly apprehensive about the impact of the act upon municipal litigation … The city attorney can certainly prepare a case for trial without discussing his plans in detail with the city council …
"On the one hand, to deny to the city council the right to meet in secret with the city attorney might in some instances work to the public disadvantage. But, on the other hand, to allow the council to go into executive session at any time, upon the pretext of consulting the city attorney about legal matters, might readily open the door to repeated and undetectable evasions of the Freedom of Information Act — also to the public disadvantage.
"Policy decisions such as that are peculiarly within the province of the legislative branch of the government. In this instance that branch has spoken so unequivocally that its command cannot be misunderstood."
In the 30 years since the passage of the FOI act, there have been efforts at every legislative session to weaken it with amendments. Most have been defeated but a few have passed, making the law weaker than it was in the beginning. Even the lawyer-client privilege ruling is regularly challenged, but fortunately no amendment obviating Laman vs. McCord has passed.
A coalition with representatives of every journalism organization in the state meets regularly during legislative sessions to examine bills that could affect the FOI law. The number of these bills decrease every two years because the good news for open government in Arkansas is that public officials have become very much aware of the FOI law and are reluctant to oppose it because they know it is popular with the public.
Twenty-five times the law has been appealed to the state Supreme Court, and each time the court's decision has been in support of the principle of open government. Every Attorney General since Bruce Bennett not only has supported FOI in official opinions, but has given speeches, conducted seminars and published handbooks to acquaint the public and elected officials of their rights under the FOI law.
Perhaps the best illustration of the law's influence is in the conduct of the legislators. The 1874 Arkansas Constitution, which, of course, has precedence over statutory law, says, "The sessions of each house and of committees of the whole shall be open unless when the business is such as ought to be kept secret."
The House and Senate used to take advantage of this provision and meet in secret. However, since the passage of the FOI Act, it has never happened. ROBERT S. McCORD was the president of the Little Rock Chapter of Sigma Delta Chi when the FOI law was passed. He was then the editor and publisher of The Times of North Little Rock, and filed the lawsuit that bears his name. He retired in 1991 as the senior editor of the Arkansas Gazette.

subset: commoncrawl


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A Vintage Garden Wedding in Clarkston, MI
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DAY IN THE LIFE: Convenience store employees work tirelessly to make customers' stops quick, easy
It's not even 4 a.m. on Thursday, Feb. 13, and convenience store clerk Mary Maske knows she's in for a tougher than average shift at SuperAmerica. From her nearly 20 years of experience, she knows that the thin layer of snow on the ground along with the flakes still flying as her husband drives her to work will result in a wet, messy store floor requiring multiple moppings per hour.
Maske's longstanding experience at the store, which began in the 1990s when it was known as Conoco, makes her the go-to employee for store manager Roger Lindloff. She works during some of the store's busiest rushes, from 4 to 11:30 a.m. every weekday, except for holidays.
"My body wakes up at quarter-to-three," Maske said.
She lives just east of the city limits, and her husband drives her to the store each morning. As Maske unlocks the door and begins going down the items on her daily store opening checklist, a gas tanker truck pulls into the gas station to deliver the unleaded gasoline that motorists will pump into their cars throughout the day.
Fuel truck driver Ed Hanson woke up hours before Maske today. He left his home in Clear Lake at about 1 a.m. to fill the truck in St. Paul. He prefers driving his route in the middle of the night when roads are the least busy with traffic. His day won't be over until he completes his deliveries to Skoglund Oil SuperAmerica stations in New Richmond, Somerset, Amery and St. Croix Falls.
The cold, snow and wind kick up a notch or two during the 20 minutes or so Hanson spends hooking hoses to the underground tanks and watching as his meter tallies the amount of gas he's pouring. Once it spins to the number he's looking for, he turns off the flow, removes the hoses from the underground tanks and tucks them into the undercarriage of his truck before heading inside to warm up and chat with Maske.
By now, Maske has just about plowed through the 21 store-opening duties on her checklist, which begin with turning off the alarm system. Then, she turns on the various ovens and food heating equipment, and counts everything from the cash in her register to cigarettes behind the counter to the previous day's unsold newspapers.
As the store's 5 a.m. opening time draws near, Maske starts brewing seven pots of coffee, which will sit right in front of the entrance and greet dozens of early morning commuters, some of whom keep alarmingly rigid morning routines.
In fact, Maske knows that Tim Sullivan, an Andersen Windows employee, will stop in between 10 and 15 minutes before the store's posted opening time. So, she gives him friendly and fast service, with most of the store's lights still off.
To get a jump on things, Maske even sets up the food prep area for deli manager LeeAnn Heeren.
Heeren is slated to start her shift at 5 a.m., and she is responsible for making all the warm goodies regular customers expect in the morning, from breakfast burritos and pizzas to sausage/egg/cheese muffins, to miniature cinnamon buns. She'll even fix up special requests for customers who crave something specific and have a few minutes to wait.
On this particular morning, Heeren walks in about seven minutes ahead of her scheduled shift start time. With all her equipment up and running and her workstation already prepped by Maske, she's able to get right down to work and have food ready as the doors officially open and the lights go on.
"The goal is to get all the food out and keep up, and keep things fresh and hot," Heeren said.
Heeren has been working at the shop for about seven years, ever since she was in high school, and she knows her entire shift will be a juggling act for her and Maske.
While Maske typically mans the cash register, and Heeren typically cooks food to fill the deli warmers, it is essential for them both to help each other and take on additional tasks.
No sooner does Heeren fill the deli warmer with food than she puts on her coat and heads outside to shovel the sidewalk in front of the store. While she's doing that, Maske is continuing the task of ensuring the coffee in all seven pots near the entrance is as fresh as possible while tidying up after customers who leave messes on countertops.
When Heeren comes back inside, she finds customers backed up at Maske's register, so she quickly opens the second register to ease the burden on Maske. The goal is to have fewer than three customers waiting at any time. Mornings are the busiest with under-caffeinated customers in a hurry to get to work.
Maske and Heeren are busy ringing up coffee, sugary soda, energy drinks, hot breakfast burritos and muffins, and of course, gas.
The ability to pay at the pump for fuel purchases greatly eases the burden on the clerks inside the store, but they also must be vigilant of any gas drive-offs.
As hundreds of customers come and go in the first hour of the day, the floors, as predicted, are taking a beating. Maske and Heeren take turns ringing up customers, changing coffee pots, preparing more hot food and mopping the wet, dirty floor.
"We have to mop at least every hour or so on days like this," Maske said.
Lindloff, the store manager for the past six years, arrives at 6:35 a.m. to provide some relief for the duo while performing his daily managerial tasks. He'll be on hand until about 4:30 or 5 p.m., or until there's a fire call. Lindloff also serves as a firefighter with the New Richmond Fire Department, and when his pager goes off he high-tails it to the fire hall.
His morning duties include checking the lottery ticket counts, ordering products from various vendors, wrapping up paperwork on the previous day and making a trip to the bank to drop off deposits.
As the morning commute rush slows down at about 9 a.m., the store cuts back from seven pots of coffee to just four, and at about 9:30 the store begins preparing for the lunch rush. Eventually, Heeren stops making breakfast burritos and breakfast pizzas in favor of cheeseburgers and pepperoni pizzas.
Lindloff and his crew also take advantage of the slow period to restock products and put away items from various deliveries. On this particular morning, the store is also visited by a representative from the Wisconsin Lottery who is touring stores in the region in preparation for a new game that will soon be available.
As the clock nears 11 a.m., Maske counts the cash in her drawer and hands over her duties to part-timer Sarah Janssen. While Maske is busy wrapping things up, Janssen heads out to the island of 18 gas pumps to empty the trash bins alongside each one.
In the midst of the lunch rush, Jade Klemmensen, a pre-law student at UW-Stout, starts her shift and works alongside Heeren in the deli to ensure a smooth shift transition. By 1 p.m., Heeren has clocked out as well leaving the store in the hands of Janssen up front, Klemmensen in the deli and Lindloff roving around.
By 4 p.m., Stacy Willert, the closing cashier has clocked in and Janssen has clocked out. The duo of Willert and Klemmensen are left to handle the after-work rush, while Lindloff wraps up his day around 5 p.m.
Klemmensen grew up in New Richmond and began working at SuperAmerica while in high school. In addition to being a full-time law student, she puts in 35 to 40 hours per week at the store.
Willert, who also grew up in New Richmond, is busy as well. She has only been at the store for the past two months, but she also works at the Goodwill store in Hudson.
At about 8 p.m., Klemmensen finishes her shift, and Willert runs the store by herself for the rest of the evening. By 9 p.m., the SuperAmerica delivery has arrived leaving a stack of products to be put away, including the next morning's doughnuts.
Even though Willert has no help, it isn't very busy. She takes advantage of the long lulls to put away the products and get a jump start on her closing checklist, which includes restocking just about everything the morning crew will need.
At 10:30 p.m., it's closing time. She locks the door and dims the lights. The only things left for her to do now are to count the cigarettes, count the cash in her drawer, thoroughly mop the floor for a last time, turn on the alarm, lock the door and take out the trash.
Just as the clock strikes 11 p.m., her day is over.


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Posted by JefinNashville 2012-04-19 11:13:01
The winner of four Tony Awards in 2000, this production with music by Elton John and lyrics by Tim Rice is based on one of the grandest operas of all time. It is the timeless story of an enslaved Nubian princess and an Egyptian soldier. Their love is forbidden, but their devotion to each other ultimately triumphs over adversity and cultural differences. Performances are scheduled for August 10 - 26, 2012 at the Keeton Theatre.
Audition Times:
Sunday, May 20, 1 p.m. - 5 p.m.
Monday, May 21, 6:30 p.m. - 9 p.m.
Callbacks Tuesday, May 22, 6:30 p.m.
Read-through for the cast Thursday, May 24, 6:30 p.m.
Audition and Rehearsal Location:
Madison Square Shopping Center, 801 N. Gallatin Pike in Madison
between Due West Ave. and Old Hickory Blvd on the back side of the center.
Open Auditions:
Please prepare 16 bars of a pop song with an interesting melody (no songs from Aida). Cold readings from the script. Headshots and resumes welcome but not required. Piano accompaniment and CD player provided. Actors will learn choreographed dance routines. Please wear comfortable clothing and shoes.
Casting male and female featured roles and ensemble roles for ages high school and above. All ethnicities are encouraged to audition.
Performances are August 10 - 26, 2012, at the Keeton Theatre on 108 Donelson Pike.
Rehearsals will be held in Madison in Circle Players' rehearsal space in the back of the Madison Square Shopping Center on Gallatin Pike.
More information available at www.circleplayers.net or by contacting director Ralph Gabriel, firstname.lastname@example.com


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381 Wheelers Farms Rd Street View
M Filanowski & Sons 381 Wheelers Farms Rd, Milford Connecticut 06460 (CT)
M Filanowski & Sons in Milford
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About M Filanowski & Sons
M Filanowski & Sons is largely engaged in Nurseries And Garden Stores. M Filanowski & Sons operates in Milford Connecticut. This business organization is involved in Nurseries And Garden Stores as well as other possible related aspects and functions of Nurseries And Garden Stores. In Milford Connecticut 06460 M Filanowski & Sons maintains its local business operations and may execute other local business operations outside of Milford Connecticut 06460 in additional operations related to Nurseries And Garden Stores.
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Though it's been kicked around more frequently than a soccer ball in the last few months, I think the Nicole Kidman/Daniel Craig take on Invasion of the Body Snatchers, finally just titled The Invasion is ready to attain a solid release date.
Since it's been a few weeks since the last date shift, perhaps the current date of August 17th is actually the right one. It's been committed to poster (thank to Cinematical for getting the first look at it) so that's a good sign.
For those unsure of what film I speak, this is the latest incarnation of the classic Invasion of the Body Snatchers tale of an alien intelligence taking over the bodies and minds of humans worldwide. Kidman plays a mother whose child may be the one thing than can stop the big bad aliens from taking over, but when he becomes infected her and her partner have to race to find a cure before it's too late.
Keep it here for more updates on The Invasion, though hopefully none release date-related!
Wish Nicole Kidman would invade you in our forums!
Want free stuff? Bring us new blood!


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So what's Google Reader? Created by Google, the Reader allows you to look at all the blogs you've subscribed to at once. To add a blog, click on "posts" or "all comments" under subscribed, and then click on Google. That will make the blog available in Reader.
Once you're into your Reader account (accessible from the bar on the Google homepage, assuming you have a Google account), you'll be able to see a list of the newest posts from each blog. Click on the posting title to read the post. Once that page is open, you'll be able to scroll down to read more on the blog or click on your subscriptions (to the side) to read a new blog.
While this may not be new territory to a long time blog reader, I hope it's useful to the rest of you. I'm still trying to decide if I like the notification telling me what I haven't read yet. It's always a high number!


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Adelaide Crows veteran defender Ben Rutten confirms his retirement at end of 2014 AFL season
Veteran Adelaide defender Ben Rutten will hang up his boots at the end of the AFL season.
The 31-year-old confirmed his retirement on Tuesday, having decided several months ago to call time on his storied playing career and pursue a job in coaching.
Rutten has played 225 games for the Crows and will finish as a one-club player.
"I always wanted to finish up while I was still contributing to the team and matching it with the best forwards," he said in a statement.
"No doubt the time is right, and I leave knowing the club is blessed with a talented and motivated playing group, which is destined for success."
After being overlooked in two national drafts, Rutten was selected as pick number 40 in the 2002 rookie draft.
He went on to make his debut against Fremantle the following year and in 2005 was named an All-Australian.
Crows coach Brenton Sanderson said Rutten, affectionately known as "Truck", was a valuable contributor on and off the field.
"Truck has had the better of many of the best forwards over the years," Sanderson said.
"His ability to adapt and keep up with the changes in the game has been first class.
"In recent times, his mentoring work with our young defenders has been invaluable.
"They will be better players for having worked with Truck."
Topics: sport, australian-football-league, adelaide-5000, sa, australia


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Ancient Greeks considered Delphi the "navel" of Greece. The Pythian games were claimed to have started strictly as a music competition, but they later incorporated athletic activities in an attempt to imitate the Olympic Games in Olympia, earning the Pythian Games second ranking among the Olympian, Nemean, and Isthmian Games.
Before the Pythian Games were organized, Delphi held a festival every eight years. According to Valavanis, "this was an ancient festival that was originally celebrated…to commemorate the slaying of the Python by Apollo" (2004, 188). According to the same source, this festival not only included religious ceremonies, but also incorporated singing contests with the accompaniment of a kithara (lyre). Another source introduces research that states that "the festival may or may not have actually existed" (Weir 2004; p.11). However, Weir later states that if the festival had really existed, "it was in any case nothing like the later Pythian Games…because it comprised no more than a single event, a kitharodic contest…" (2004, 13).
In the sixth century B.C., Delphi found itself tangled in a dispute. "The fame of the sanctuary, the large number of pilgrims that converged on it from all over the world, the wealth of the dedications, and the influence exercised by the oracle naturally lead to strife and warfare aimed at winning control of it…"(2004, 184). As a result of the desire to control Delphi, the Amphictyonic League, which was formed to protect and preserve the sanctuaries and to hold the festival, declared war on the Phokians in 600 BCE, which began the First Sacred War. With the aid of all the great powers of the time, Delphic victory was accomplished after ten years. "After the war, the Phokians were contained and two of their cities, Kirrah and Kisa, were destroyed and their land given to the sanctuary, with orders that is should remain uncultivated" (Valavanis 2004, 184).
With the victory in the First Sacred War came many changes for Delphi and its future. One of the changes that was made was to Delphi's festival that was held every eight years. The new festival, renamed the Pythian Games, were planned to be held every four years and would incorporate athletics to imitate the Olympic Games. Not only were sports events incorporated, but other musical events were added, and eventually, drama competitions were added as well.
Before the Pythian Games took place, much preparation went into the event, from recruiting athletes to building and repairing structures and facilities. "The preparations began six months earlier, when nine citizens, the theoroi, left Delphi in different directions to proclaim the date of the commencement of the festival to all Greek cities." (2004, 190).
While the theoroi were traveling, the Pythian heiromenia was observed. This was a year-long truce that was developed among the cities to not invade the sanctuary that was guarded by Apollo, but to protect the theoroi who needed to travel with ease and safety. Should a city take part in conflict or robbery during this time, the city was "excluded from the sanctuary and none of its citizens was allowed to take part in the contests or seek advice from the oracle" (2004, 190).
Since the Amphictyonic League was responsible for the protection of the sanctuary, the truce allowed them to focus more on the preparations for the festival. They were now in charge of "repairing and embellishing all structures, from temples and fountains to roads and public squares" (2004, 190). So much reconstruction went into the restoration of Delphi for the festival, that Miller notes in Sports From Ancient Sources that the expenses "totaled nearly $43,000…and must have been typical of the costs of preparing Delphi every four years for the Pythian Games (63).
The cities participating in the events had similar preparations. "They organized an official mission, the theoria, consisting of athletes, officials and elite citizens, who often supported the mission by personal donations" (Valavanis 2004, 190). The main feature of the theoria was the offerings and dedications they made to the gods and the animals they sacrificed.
Although this group was primarily of religious quality, politics were also incorporated because every city strived to impress "not only the gods and priests, but also on the rest of the Greeks, thus creating a suitable ideological climate for favourable treatment in its international relations" (2004, 191).
The Pythian Games began in 586 BCE and lasted for five consecutive days, "the first two of which had religious character" (2004, 194). On the first day, a series of animals was sacrificed to Apollo which was followed by a "re-enactment of the clash between Apollo and the Python" (2004, 194). The second day was dedicated to feasting on the sacrificed animals. This provided the athletes and other participants with the opportunity to socialize and "promote sentiments of harmony and community" (2004, 194).
The third day began with the music competitions which were divided into three different categories. "The most venerated…was the kithara (lyre) singing, in which a musician sang while accompanying himself on the kithara" (Miller 2004, 83). Another instrument used in the musical competition since the first Pythiad in 586 BCE was the aulos, or flute. The performer would blow through reeds into a pipe with holes along the sides for their fingers; the instrument can be more closely associated with the modern-day oboe. The other contest combined a singer with an aulos player, but that competition was abolished by the second Pythiad in 582 BCE. "The Amphictyons discontinued the Flute-song because they decided that it was not an auspicious form of music- that is, unsuitable for a ritual which was intended to invoke the favour of the Gods" (Loeb, Lyra Graeca III, 602).
Dance competitions were established sometime during the fourth century BCE and painting during the fifth century BCE. Drama and prose were later incorporated into the games around the first century AD. "Competitions in tragic acting were also a part of the Pythian Games, at least by the time poetry and prose joined the program but the details of this competition are unclear" (Miller 2004, 86).
On the fourth day, the athletic contests were held. Most of these events were derived from Olympia which included "four foot races (stadion, diaulos, dolichos, and the race in full armor), three heavy events (wrestling, boxing and the pankration [a combination of boxing and wrestling]), and the pentathlon" (Valavanis 2004, 195). The stadion is literally a linear distance equal to 600 feet, so the foot race referred to as the stadion is 600 feet long. The diaulos was a foot race equal to two lengths of the stadion and the dolichos was a distance race that varied from place to place that was generally twelve to 24 lengths of the stadion. The pentathlon was a combination of five contests in discus, javelin, long jump, wrestling, and a foot race.
The fifth and final day of the Pythian Games was reserved for the horse races which "included a race for four-horse chariots…and later, races for the synoris (two- horse chariot) and the keles hippos (horse races) were introduced (195).
According to Young, "There is a strong tradition that the Pythian Games originally offered valuable prizes, and were later restructured to award only the symbolic laurel wreath (113). This came into effect in 582 BCE. The laurel wreath, which derives its name and meaning from a story about Apollo and Daphne, was sought and cut by the boy who played Apollo in the re-enactment ceremony of Apollo killing Python (Miller 2004, 96).
Overall, the Pythian Games had a large impact on the city of Delphi. Athletes and other participants were gathered from surrounding areas to take part in this incredible event that served both religious and political principles. Not only was this event important to Delphi, but with the already popular interest of the Greeks toward Delphi, it reassured it certainty as the "navel" of Greece and the center of the world.


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Under Lindley, CWC opens with 16-point winNov 2, 2012 By Bruce Tippets, Sports Editor
The Rustlers play Monday in Orem,R00;Utah, against a Colorado opponent.
Tanner Newbold may have been nervous inside, but the Central Wyoming College freshman basketball player didn't show it on the court Thursday night recording a team-high 19 points in a 77-61 victory vs. Impact Academy at Rustler Gym.
The guard was 4-for-5 from beyond the 3-point line to help the Rustlers win the season opener. Impact Academy is based in Las Vegas.
"I just kind of calmed down and knew that I needed to play," Newbold said. "I started to feel a little more comfortable with myself."
The victory ended a difficult few days surrounding the CWC men's basketball program.
"It has been kind of hard, and interesting," Newbold said. "We just have to move on and press forward in what we have."
CWC hired Shelby Lindley on Monday to be the new head coach after dismissing former coach Curtis Condie. Lindley started out the season as the assistant coach.
"It has been pretty difficult,"CWC sophomore Armani Flannigan said. "We just need to stay as one. We don't need to let anybody outside of the team effect what we are doing. We will get it together and move on."
Lindley has been running the practices since Oct. 10, when Condie was placed on leave from the team.
"Tanner shot the ball well," Lindley said. "If they are going to play a zone against us that is what he is going to do. We have to have some other guys step up and hit some shots."
Lindley felt the Rustlers could have played better in the season opening victory.
"We played OK at times," Lindley said. "We didn't execute like I wanted. We shot way too many 3-pointers. We played about seven bad minutes in both halves. "
CWC was 7-24 from the 3-point line.
"We need to be around 16 3-pointers a game," Lindley said. "Impact Academy doesn't have a lot of sets. That is a tough game going into because you don't have a scout on them."
The Rustlers were 6-17 from the free throw line. Impact Academy was 16-18.
"Our free-throw shooting was bad," Lindley said. "That is one thing that we have been working on, and we are going to progress to get better at. We weren't focused on the line."
CWC plays at 7:30 p.m. Monday vs. Colorado Northwestern at Utah Valley University in Orem, Utah.
"A lot of our Utah kids get to go home," Lindley said.
"Hopefully, we can take another step forward. We have to get up and down the floor a little bit better."
CWC 77, Impact Academy 61
Newbold had two early 3-pointers to help the Rustlers to a 20-5 lead with 13 minutes left in the first half.
"I knew that I needed to come out and be aggressive at the start," Newbold said.
Impact Academy had back-to-back 3-pointers by Gemeny Givens and Deverian Sellers to trim the lead to 29-23. CWC's Ryan Thomas scored the last field goal of the half for a 31-23 advantage.
"We came out and built a 15-point lead, but when we get a team down like that we have to keep it going," Lindley said. "We kind of let up as a team."
In the second half, the Rustlers built a 10-point lead at 42-32 after a Flannigan basket.
"I think that I came out pretty strong," Flannigan said. "It's our first game. We are starting to learn how we play against each other in a game. We are going to go through spurts. It's all part of basketball."
CWC's David Beaty hit two straight 3-pointers to put the game away at 55-37.
"We could be very balanced," Flannigan said. "We have a lot of weapons off the bench."
Thomas put down 18 points and pulled in 12 rebounds. Davion Pearson finished with 14 points. Flannigan hit 10 points and collected 10 rebounds.
"They played zone a lot of the second half, but we have to move faster than what we were," Flannigan said. "We were moving really slow on the perimeter that effected us trying to get the ball inside."
CWC -- Davion Pearson 5 (1) 1-4 14, Tanner Newbold 2 (4) 3-4 19, Armani Flannigan 5 0-3 10, Isaiah Tademy 2 0-0 4, Ryan Thomas 9 0-3 18, Paris Burns 1 2-3 4, David Beaty 1 (2) 0-0 8. Totals 25 (7) 6-17 77.
Impact -- Deverian Sellers 2 (2) 2-2 12, Isaac Kreuer, 2 4-4 8, Deandre Page 2 4-6 8, Anthony Robertson 3 (1) 0-0 9, Gemeny Givens 1 (1) 0-0 5, Cameron Lui 1 2-2 4, Jaryd Eustace 2 (1) 4-4 11, Korey Serna 2 0-0 4. Totals 15 (5) 16-18.


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Phrygian Tank Tops are an Idakoos specialtiy! Idakoos has many things to offer. Whether you want to get a Phrygian Vest Top for a special occasion, give a Phrygian Singlet as a present or need to represent with a funny Phrygian Tank Top during Holidays or Family and Friends get-togethers, Idakoos is sure to have the right Phrygian Vest Top for you! Even if it turns out you can't find the right Phrygian Tank Top with the perfect design for your mother, father or children (or friends!); Idakoos offers all of its men's women's and children's Phrygian Tank Tops as Custom Phrygian Tank Tops. Personalize any Phrygian Singlet the way you want to ensure the perfect gift.
Showing 1 - 24 of 44 Tank Top


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Opera Night Saturday 3 August 2013
The story of Agrippina, as she plots the downfall of Claudius & the installation of her son as emperor. This production takes us into the TV studios of Dallas & Dynasty!
Medea is one of the roles most closely associated with Maria Callas. Tonight, marking the 40th Anniversary of the death of Callas we present the 1957 recording of Cherubini's three act opera featuring Maria Callas as Medea, Renata Scotto as Glauce, Miriam Pirazzini as Neris, Mirto Picchi as Giascone and Tullio Serafin conducting the Orchestra and Chorus of La Scala Milan.
We delve into the archives again this week for another great recording by the legendary Maria Callas as we mark the 40th anniversary of her death this month. Tonight, we bring you Puccini's Tosca. Maria Callas is Floria Tosca, Guiseppe de Stefano is Mario Cavaradossi, Tito Gobbi is Scarpia, Franco Calabrese is Cesare Angelotti, Angelo Mercuriali is Spoletta, Melchiorre Luide is Il sagrestano, Dario Caselli is Sciarrone and Alvaro Cordova is Un Pastore. The Chorus and Orchestra of La Scala Milan is conducted by Victor de Sabata
We have another great recording by the legendary Maria Callas as we mark the 40th Anniversary of her death this month. La Traviata, an opera by Giuseppe Verdi, is a love story shrouded in sacrifice and misunderstanding. Maria Callas sings Violetta, Francesco Albanese is Alfredo Germont, Ugo Savarese is Giorgio Germont, Ede Marietti Gandolfo is Flora Bervoix, Ines Marietti is Annina, Mariano Caruso is Gastone, Alberto Albertini is Il Barone Douphol, Mario Zorgniotti is Il marchese d'Obigny and Il Dottore Grenvil, and Tommaso Soley is Giuseppe and Cora Cetra and the RAI Symphony Orchestra of Turin is conducted by Gabriele Santini.
Title: Tokka
Performer(s): Kantonen, Seppo
Duration: 5:03
Text '51554'
Presenter: Paul Herriott
Producer: Gail Henry
Production Co-ordinator: Ian McGlynn


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George Wallace Tickets
|Latest George Wallace Tickets
Sommore, Michael Baisden, George Wallace & George Willborn
Johnny Mercer Theatre
Oct 21 2017
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Details of George Wallace and the Ticket Luck value
George Wallace is an American comedian from Atlanta, Georgia who has been active in the American entertainment industry since 1977. A standup comedian and actor, he has also starred in a large number of movies and TV shows. Known today as a popular comedian and one of the very best, for a hilarious time, many George Wallace tickets for his shows are sold each year.
George Wallace was born in Atlanta, Georgia and went to study at the Lynwood Park Elementary School, followed by the Lynwood Park High School. He aspired to become a comedian from a young age. He moved to Ohio after his mother untimely passed away, where he began working at Firestone Tire and then went on to study at the University of Akron as part of the company's tuition reimbursement program. Wallace studied after graduating moved to New York City, where he kicked off his career as a comedian.
While in New York City, George Wallace worked at an advertisement agency while performing as a standup comedian at various venues. His big break came when one of his clients, at his job, started a comedy club and gave him an opportunity to hold a comedy show at the club. His first show was held in 1977 at this club, wearing a reverend's robe. He was successful and appreciated. After that he soon began performing at some of the hottest venues in New York City. While in the city, Wallace stayed with Jerry Seinfeld, comedian and friend.
He then moved to the West Coast where he rose to fame and began performing on TV, writing such series as The Redd Foxx Show. The comedian then went on to perform at West Hollywood's The Comedy Store with the likes of Richard Pryor, Jay Leno, Roseanne Barr, Rodney Dangerfield and Robin Williams. He then kicked off a comedy tour, opening up for the likes of Diana Ross, George Benson, Smokey Robinson and Donna Summer. In 1995, he became the American Comedy Awards' Best Male Standup Comedian.
He also became a regular on shows such as Tom Joyner Morning Show as well as the WRKS' Isaach Hayes radio show. On HBO, a number of his specials were aired, followed by regular appearances on the likes of The Oprah Winfrey Show, The Tonight Show and Late Night with David Letterman. Wallace is known for such shows as People Say Stupid Things and has headlined at the Flamingo Resort and Casino in Las Vegas for ten years straight. He also produces his own shows, as well as markets them. He is often seen at the Flamingo Resort and Casino, walking and talking with guests.
Wallace has starred in many movies, that includes 1991's A Rage in Heaven, 1995's Batman Forever, 1988's Punchline, 2001's The Wash, 2004's The Ladykillers, 1982's Things Are Tough All Over and 1990's Postcards from the Edge. He has also appeared in Scrubs and Seinfeld. The talented comedian is ranked as one of the 100 Greatest Stand-Ups of All Time by Comedy Central, worth catching live via George Wallace tickets.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q:I want to return my george wallace las vegas tikcets. How much refund can i get?
A:George Wallace Tickets once bought, cannot be returned and no refund is allowed as it is not our company's policy.


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is there any opportunity to disable the show character in wireless connection . otherwise security are not there at all. or someone could share with me how could i do
If the Show Characters box is greyed out, then the network and/or computer may be restricted by a group or local policy.
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" Brand: Lee Stafford / Spray / Type: Hair Spray / Suitable for: dry hair "
Having previously bought hair protection mist from the Lee Stafford range, I was in boots when this caught my eye as it claimed to reduce the time it takes to blow dry hair - as there was a three for two offer I brought it home.
I cannot bear not to wash my hair every morning, I have listened to all the advice from everyone telling me not to, but I can't stop - I just don't feel clean if I don't do it, especially before going into work.
So, every morning I trudge out of the shower and now I use this, just follow Lee's instructions: 'Simply spray all over wet hair before combing and blow dry as normal - but in less time!' Simples.
I will have to be honest I was extremely sceptical about how useful this would be, however, it does actually shorten the time I spend on my hair every morning.
I have longer than shoulder length, thick wavy, unmanageable hair - this spray has been a god-send. Even with my Paralux professional hairdryer it can take anything up to 30 minutes to fully dry my hair - using this spray it takes at least 7-10 minute less.
But it is not just time-saving - the spray also helps de-tangle and anyone with thick wavy/curly hair will know how hard it is to get a brush through - the spray definitely makes this task a little less painful (and it can be painful).
I also like many would like straight hair, I always feel more groomed if I have straightened my hair, however having been told about two years ago to give up my addiction to GHD's or I would be getting married with no hair - I really struggled. So the spray also helps in that it helps to fix your style once blow-dried. So I do my best to blow-dry my hair fairly straight every morning and the spray does help to keep it in shape at least until after work - which is all I am worried about. I I must admit my blow-drying skills do not give me the sleek finish my ghd's did - So I've gotta embrace the wave!
I love that the spray also contains heat protection - as I have coloured hair, wash it everyday and have past experience with heat damage and over-styling - I am happy that the spray also contains this feature.
And its last claim - it doe indeed leave my hair smelling BEAutiful.
In conclusion - nothing short of Wonder. I cannot recommend this product enough.
However, I am aware that I have a certain type of unmanageable hair, say for instance you have thin, straight hair - I am fairly sure that this may not have much effect for you. I however, have this spray to thank for giving me an extra hour to two per week!
If you do want to try - it is exclusive to boots - always try to buy when on offer and use your advantage card, including the little kisok machines in store which often have even more offers on haircare.
How long does it last? I get about three months of using this five time per week (sometimes six if I am short time at the weekend) - I think that is a good return on £6
Happy Shopping.
Do you have long, unmanageable hair? Do you get irritated by women who say "Oh, wow! I'd kill for thick hair like yours!", when they don't know how hard it is to take of? This is genuinely the product you have been looking for! At £5.99 that is a little more money than I'm usually willing to spend on beauty products, being the bargain hunter that I am, however it is well worth it. I would happily pay £599 for this! I have thick and long hair and have always struggled to manage it, I mean it takes me 30 minutes to brush my hair and then another 45 to 60 minutes to dry it, which meant I often didn't bother with either and just tied it in a bun for times sake. Then Lee Stafford came along and saved me! I towel dry hair, spritz this all over my hair, brush and dry, it literally cuts the process in half, drying AND brushing. Yes, that's right, not only does this speed up drying hair, it detangles hair as well! A few other plus points? It smells amazing, it protects against heat up to 220 degrees, works as a style holder, smooths hair surface, it lasts ages (my 200ml bottle has lasted over 6 months) and finally it looks quite pretty on your dressing table. Please buy and enjoy, it's like adding an extra hour to every day!
Lee Stafford is one of many celebrity hairdressers who have launched a product range including the Blow Dry Your Hair Faster Wonder Spray. It comes in a bright pink can, making it easy to spot on the bathroom shelf (although the cap doesn't stay on very well - mine didn't make it to the end of the week). Handily it is a spray rather than an aerosol so much more of the product actually lands on your hair.
The spray is on the luxury end of hair products, costing £6.19 for a 200ml can in Boots. The can claims that it is full of their specially picked ingredients which both detangle and protect hair from high heat styling products. It has a lovely fragrance without being too over powering. The spray works well, being wide and covers a large area of hair in one spray, so you don't have to use too much.
I have long thick hair and have found that my hair does dry quicker when using this spray. An added benefit is that it does have a styling element to it and so my hair looks more voluminous, quite an achievement for a heavy weight of hair.
Whilst this is a luxury item I would urge you to buy it, it is definitely worth it and mine tend to last 6-9 months, making it much better value for money than many cheaper products.
Lee Stafford Blow Dry Wonder Spray
The facts and figures
The product comes in a spray can which is the trademark Lee Stafford metallic pink colour. It is a pump action spray rather than aerosol which is obviously better for the environment as well as less likely to choke you.
The transparent pink lid fits well enough but is not very secure and is quite small, I find myself quite prone to dropping it. Also many of the products on the range look similar; I also have the dehumidifying spray and am forever picking up the wrong one to use.
The product is currently on sale at Boots for £6.19 for a 200ml can.
What are the claims?
The product claims to speed up the hair drying process, as well as helping to detangle hair.
Does it deliver?
My hair takes an age to blow dry. It is quite thick but also lightened, which makes it more porous, meaning it sucks in as much water as it can and tries to hold on to it! My sister first recommended this to me, but the price put me off. However I wanted some dry shampoo and Boots had a 3 for 2 offer on all haircare, so I bit the bullet.
The first time I used this, I immediately noticed a difference, my hair took under ten minutes to completely dry as opposed to nearer fifteen without the spray. On the next few tries I noticed less of a difference, but I think I was being too sparse with it. I now apply it quite generously, about ten or fifteen good sprays, and it definitely has an effect.
Would I recommend this product?
I would recommend this product on the basis that it does work. I have found that it definitely takes less time to dry my hair than before and, especially first thing in the morning, that is a great help to me. It is expensive in my opinion, but it probably saves me half an hour or more a week and I would say this can will last me at least three months, so if you think of it that way it seems more reasonable. It doesn't smell of anything in particular and I couldn't really comment on it's detangling abilities as my hair is usually pretty tangle free after conditioning. In my opinion, it's a functional rather than luxurious product, but it works so I'm happy!


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Discussion in 'General Support' started by jenniferwilde, Mar 3, 2004.
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Marc is approved to conduct lessons through Wyzant Online. Wyzant Online allows students and tutors to work remotely via video, audio, and collaborative whiteboard tools. For more information about how online tutoring works, check out Wyzant Online.
If you're interested in online lessons, message Marc to get started.
Send a message explaining your needs and Marc will reply soon.
Response time: 28 minutes
Pensacola Christian College (Sec. Ed in Math and English)
Northland Baptist Bible College (Master's)
If you sense a need to improve your abilities in English and math, you should take steps now to get some help. These subjects build upon themselves each year; don't wait until you get behind! Most 7th through 12th graders can succeed in math and English grammar with some individual help! College students are generally motivated, but may need to have some concepts refreshed.
Along with high school English and math, my teaching experience includes physics, chemistry, geography, Bible, physical education, public speaking, and choir. I have over twenty years of experience with teenagers, six of those years in a formal classroom setting. I have had the privilege of training a number of student teachers in English, math, and physics.
Policies that will make your tutoring sessions special:
1) The "elastic hour." Schedule permitting, your 60-minute lesson can be stretched a bit without charge.
2) Many of my students meet for lessons at a Panera Bread location.
3) Those with financial needs may be able to pre-arrange their first session free. Requires 3-day notice.
4) For mixed-gender tutoring, I ask that a parent or responsible adult be present, or that we meet in a public place. For your added confidence, I am "JLA" certified.
I teach with patience and with a traditional philosophy of education. We will begin where you are in your subject of need and bring you to where you need to be. I can meet for personal sessions in southwest Florida from Venice to Port Charlotte, basing most days in North Port. If you sense a need to improve your abilities in English and math, you should take steps now to get some help. These subjects build upon themselves each year; don't wait until you get behind! Most 7th through 12th graders can succeed in math and English grammar with some individual help! College students are generally motivated, but may need to
Marc is approved to conduct lessons through Wyzant Online. Wyzant Online allows students and tutors to work remotely via video, audio, and collaborative whiteboard tools. For more information about how online tutoring works, check out Wyzant Online.
If you're interested in online lessons, message Marc to get started.
My 14 year old daughter is taking College Algebra and we decided to hire a tutor to make sure she stayed on point or even ahead of the game. We hired Marc and she loves working with him. In fact, I logged on to leave him a review because I just received a text from my daughter, who is in Algebra class right now, that said, "I owe Marc a lot! I'm kicking butt on these quizzes and the people working in my group are essentially relying on me for the explanations & answers". Keep in mind those people are all over 18.
The ONLY reason I would hesitate to express how much we love working with Marc is the fear that he will become in such high demand that we will have trouble scheduling him for ourselves. We plan on utilizing him for ACT/SAT prep as well.
Thank- you so much Marc!
He is willing to take the time to help our son understand Math Concepts for him to be able to move ahead and get beyond his issues. He has provided steps and additional work pages for him to work on.
Excellent tutor with patience and a broad spectrum of teaching knowledge. We found a treasure on Wyzant we will definitely continue to hire Mr. Marc K. Thank you.
My son just had his first tutoring session with Marc and found him to be very helpful and easy to work with. We are hopeful that this tutoring will help to improve our son's scores on the ACT and SAT tests when he takes them again this spring.
Marc is a very good tutor, very knoledgable and patient . He is helping my daughter with math and chemistry, which she found very helpful.
Very patient, listened to Jonathan to find out areas he needed help with. Prompt, courteous and very professional.i would highly recommend him.
My daughter was failing her math class at HCC (she scored a 33% on her first quiz) and now she almost has a C. She's finally understanding concepts that had eluded her in the past.
Very patient, understanding, and helps work though difficult problems without giving away the answer. I felt this was extremely helpful for my success in my class!
So impressed with Mark's patience and knowledge of chem!!! When I reached out to him, his response was quick and efficient. We set up an appointment right away, and when I arrived at the appointment location he was already there on time and ready to work, teach, and answer any questions that I had. Thank you, WyzAnt, for a great tutor!!!
Marc is very patient and takes his time explaining each step as well as helping you think about a problem without making you feel less embarrassed.
Marc is a very gifted teacher, patient, and knowledgeable. He wants to see you succeed and will take extra care in seeing that you understand the material. I would highly recommend him to anyone.
Approved subjects are in bold.
In most cases, tutors gain approval in a subject by passing a proficiency exam. For some subject areas, like music and art, tutors submit written requests to demonstrate their proficiency to potential students. If a tutor is interested but not yet approved in a subject, the subject will appear in non-bold font. Tutors need to be approved in a subject prior to beginning lessons.
What book can you study over and over, through and through, and still find new and fresh truths leaping off the pages? Only the Bible fits that description.
Perhaps you have topics you would like to study or questions you would like to have answered. Alternatively, we could work together through a "discipleship" program of practical Bible principles. We could also study the ten major doctrines of the Bible.
I can tutor those who are interested in studying the Bible from a literal, grammatical interpretation. I believe the Bible to be the verbally inspired Word of God. I have a conservative theology.
Everyone needs to learn to communicate effectively. Your ability to communicate influences not only your future job interviews, but also your success in your position after you are hired.
Perhaps you are taking a speech course and need some help getting ready for your presentation. Perhaps you are already employed and need to be more effective in your communication skills.
I have experience teaching high school speech. I have adjudicated in a number of speech categories at statewide fine arts competitions in Michigan and Florida. In addition, I speak publicly to a group approximately four times per week.
Feel free to contact me about your situation if you think I may be able to help you.


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Space is vast and even the strongest government cannot control all its trade lanes. Raiders thrive in the recesses of the galaxy, preying on weak merchant fleets while avoiding military engagements at all costs. Though limited on a technological level, the ships of the Raiders have a certain rough efficiency that can surprise military Commanders on patrol. From the powerful Battlewagon and over-sized Strike Carrier to the common Delta-V, the Raiders have access to ships that are both cheap and plentiful, allowing them to overwhelm stronger enemies when finally cornered.If you enjoy a challenge, this is certainly the fleet for you! Though the capital ships are the equal to almost nothing else their size, they come in at relatively low Priority Levels. The Delta-V fighters, for their part, are incredibly numerous in Raider fleets and though they have weak particle guns as armament, they are good dogfighters.


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The lace pieces on the left side cake are many many cutouts decorated with royal icing. They are added to the cake working from either a real piece of lace or a good photo.
You don't want to use a stencil because this way is easier and more effective. These pieces are made ahead (like even a month ahead) and stuck on with soft icing at the last minute.
Use google to look for icing lace--you will find tutorials and many images that you can choose from. Then you need paper patterns or small cutters to make the shapes. Sorry but CC always blocks my favourite site regardless of how I spell it. Google "sugarcraft dolores" and you will get there.
I don't see stenciling. I see molded lace on the left, hand piping on the right.
where can i get lace moulds to mimic the cake on the left?
where can i get lace moulds to mimic the cake on the left?
CK Products has some lace molds.


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The Best Oral Surgeons in El Monte, CAWhat is a Oral Surgeon?
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Dr. Peeples is the greatest oral surgeon bar none! He has many years of experience and cares about you. He extracted my impacted wisdom teeth and I had the best exp... Read more
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0.2 miles
Bethesda, MD
Contact Info
Activities: Preschools
0.9 miles
1.5 miles
Ages: 1 year, 4 months and up
Activities: Preschools, Day Care, Mommy and Me, After School
1.7 miles
Ages: 18 months to 5 years, 18 months old
Activities: Preschools, Toddler, Baby, Preschooler, Mommy and Me
1.8 miles
Chevy Chase, MD
2.7 miles
Rockville, MD
3.5 miles
Potomac, MD
Ages: 6 months to 5 years old
Activities: Dance, Music, Cooking, Martial Arts, Drama, Art, Preschools, Baby, Academics, Religion, Preschooler, Toddler, Mommy and Me, Acting
3.7 miles
4.2 miles
Silver Spring, MD
4.6 miles
4.8 miles
4.9 miles
McLean, VA
5.1 miles
5.4 miles
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6.5 miles
Arlington, VA
6.7 miles
6.8 miles
6.9 miles
7.0 miles
7.1 miles
7.2 miles
7.3 miles
7.4 miles
Derwood, MD
7.5 miles
Hyattsville, MD
7.6 miles
7.7 miles
Activities: Preschools, Day Camp, Day Care, Summer Camp, After School
7.8 miles
8.2 miles
8.3 miles
Gaithersburg, MD
8.4 miles
8.5 miles
8.7 miles
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Beltsville, MD
Let us find local Preschools providers for you.
To the left you'll find a list of deals and preschools in Bethesda, MD.
Most preschool programs are available for children age 2 1/2 to 5 years old. Not every child will be emotionally and physically ready for preschool at age 2 1/2. Children are typically ready for preschool when they are potty trained and are able to be separated from their parents or other caregivers for a few hours at a time.
Preschool offers your child the opportunity to broaden his horizons and develop independence. In addition, your child will learn important social skills like interacting with teachers and other children and adapting to a structured school environment. Read More.
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Children who attended preschool programs had significantly improved cognitive skills, social skills and school progress. . . . more
Why make the mess at your house? Sign up for an art class. Expert instruction and no clean up! . . . more videos
Why make the mess at your house? Sign up for a kid's cooking class. Expert instruction and no clean up. . . . more videos
Preschoolers learn to move and float in the water, gaining confidence and independence through swimming lessons. . . . more videos
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Erica G Hepper
Affiliation: University of Southampton
Country: UK
Detail Information
- Odyssey's end: lay conceptions of nostalgia reflect its original Homeric meaningErica G Hepper
School of Psychology, University of Southampton, UK
Emotion 12:102-19. 2012..The findings also aid understanding of nostalgia's functions and identify new methods for future research...
- Individual differences in self-enhancement and self-protection strategies: an integrative analysisErica G Hepper
Center for Research on Self and Identity, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
J Pers 78:781-814. 2010..Expanding this integrative approach in the future can reveal a great deal about the structure and dynamics of self-enhancement and self-protection motivation...
- Motivated expectations of positive feedback in social interactionsErica G Hepper
University of Southampton, School of Psychology, Centre for Research on Self and Identity, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
J Soc Psychol 151:455-77. 2011..These findings are consistent with social expectations being driven in part by the self-enhancement motive...
- Perceived parental reactions to coming out, attachment, and romantic relationship viewsKatherine B Carnelley
University of Southampton, UK
Attach Hum Dev 13:217-36. 2011..Findings support the contention that LGB pair bonds are attachment relationships, and underline the importance of prior parent-child relationships for predicting LGB individuals' experience of coming out and romantic relationships...