text:
Kautilya and Asymmetric Warfare
In search of ways to combat asymmetric warfare
Prashant Hosur
Asymmetric warfare has been a topical and an important subject since the attacks on 9/11. However, the concept of asymmetric warfare is not as new as it is sometimes made out to be. Perhaps it is the first time that asymmetric warfare has captured the attention of the American public, the media, and the administration. It is now understood that security sector reforms are needed to tackle asymmetric warfare. This paper claims that it is extremely important for big powers to not only understand asymmetric warfare, but to master the art and science of it. In discussing this hypothesis, the paper will try to answer the question; why have states failed to adapt to asymmetric warfare in the modern age and?
This paper will consider the issue of asymmetric warfare and try to understand the problems states face in dealing with it. The paper will also suggest some viable options that the states could consider to effectively fight asymmetric wars. In doing so, the paper will consider the U.S. war in Afghanistan and the Punjab insurgency movement in India during the 1980s and 1990s as illustrations. The objective of using illustrations will be to understand as to why it is extremely important for big powers to devote more resources towards understanding and to master the art of asymmetric warfare. The paper will look at the seminal text, the Arthashastra, by Kautilya which was written in the third century BCE to understand the importance of understanding non – traditional methods of warfare like asymmetric warfare and why he considers tools of guerrilla warfare and other methods of sabotage and subversion to be a quintessential tool of statecraft.
The paper comes to the conclusion that states could learn some valuable lessons from the strategists of the past regarding the underlying principle behind asymmetric warfare. This paper claims that while there has been an evolution in guerrilla warfare over time, the basic philosophy that drives a weaker actor to fight asymmetric or guerrilla warfare is still the same as it was twenty three hundred years ago, hence making the philosophy and ideas of Kautilya valuable and perennial. The paper also outlines the importance of formulating a holistic strategy to combat asymmetric warfare which includes cultural, political, social and military aspects. Finally the paper concludes that the biggest challenge for the U.S. and other big powers is to change its mind set if it wants to tackle asymmetric warfare effectively.
Philosophy of 'Asymmetric'/Guerrilla warfare: Past and Present
Dr. Rod Thornton, a lecturer at King's College's War Studies departments states that "asymmetric warfare is violent action undertaken by the 'have – nots' against the 'haves' whereby the have – nots, be it state or sub – state actors, seek to generate profound effects – at all levels of warfare (however defined), from the tactical to the strategic – by employing their own specific relative advantages against the vulnerabilities of a much stronger opponents."[1] Thus asymmetric warfare is defined rather broadly that can include different methods as long as the principle of asymmetry and lop – sidedness in resources between two actors holds true.
Kautilya in his work, the Arthashastra states that "a single assassin can achieve, with weapons, fire or poison, more than a fully mobilized army."[2] While Kautilya's tactics of subversion is certainly different from modern day asymmetric warfare, the idea and philosophy of asymmetry behind the use of assassins and guerrillas in past and the present is the same. In both cases the 'have – nots', be it states or non state actors can have profound effects by employing asymmetric tactics irrespective of their strengths and weaknesses. Conversely, through asymmetric tactics, even strong states can achieve their goals by spending an insignificant amount of resources. In the words of Colonel Clinton J. Ancker, "asymmetric warfare deals with unknowns, with surprise in terms of ends, ways and means."[3] This shows that the ways adopted by Kautilya can give us insights into an earlier form of asymmetric warfare.
In his philosophy of 'concealed war' and 'silent war' he discusses the use of guerrilla warfare, assassination, use of prostitutes as assassins and informers, and contrived conflicts to win battles against an adversary king.[4] However, the interesting aspect of 'concealed war' and 'silent war' is that he advises both the powerful kings and the weak kings to use 'concealed war' and 'silent war' as a way to keep the enemy kings in check.[5] He also states that weaker states will always resort to the use of silent war as defeating a bigger and stronger state in the battlefield is impossible for them. Thus he believes that the biggest threat that a 'super power' state (in his time, the Mauryan Empire) is not on the battlefield, but is from silent and proxy war that invariably involve asymmetric warfare tactics. Similarly the Chinese strategist Sun Tzu stated that an army should avoid strength [of the enemy] and strike at weakness.[6] The reason why Kautilya is being cited as an example here is because he, being the Prime Minister of the strongest empire in South Asia, and perhaps in Asia at that time, understood the relative importance of and the threat from non – traditional methods of warfare to his empire, which included the use of assassins and guerrilla warfare, which could not be tackled just by the traditional army, irrespective of its size and power.[7] Non – traditional methods were used to spread a sense of chaos to unnerve the big power and drive it towards making unwise decisions which in turn would eventually lead to its downfall.
It sounds logical to think that a weaker power or entity would never challenge a powerful country through traditional means. Therefore, it leads us to ask another, perhaps a rhetorical question, as to why big states, like the U.S. have failed to understand the incapability and irrelevance of traditional military tactics to tackle asymmetric warfare? Interestingly, many of the tactics that are used by militant/terrorist organizations to recruit people into their outfits are similar, if not identical to the tactics that Kautilya used to sow the seeds of discord in the kingdom of the adversary king. Many of the extremist outfits tend to recruit people who are alienated or feel a sense of alienation and dissatisfaction. Kautilya in the Arthashastra states that "miraculous results can be achieved by practicing the methods of subversion."[8] Kautilya was aware of the deadly effect that non – traditional methods of warfare.
Kautilya uses methods of 'silent warfare' to establish contacts with people who are willing to work against the enemy king. Kautilya approaches those individuals who are dissatisfied with the enemy. He approaches those who are "angry at the enemy and want to see him out of power; those who are frightened by the enemy; those who are insulted by the enemy, those disappointed in their expectation from the enemy, those who are impoverished or suffering from adversity, those denied their rewards for meritorious service and those whose loyalties had been secretly tested."[9]In other words, Kautilya systematically tries to gathers people who are dissatisfied and frustrated with the enemy or have grievances (legitimate or illegitimate) that have not been addressed by the enemy king. Similar tactics are used my terrorist organizations like al – Qaeda.
Recruiting the Dissatisfied:
While the process of recruitment for terrorist organizations like al – Qaeda has evolved over time, the basic principle even today is to attract those who may be alienated or dissatisfied in their societies for various reasons. The process of recruitment of terrorists is rather systematic and a certain section of the population that may be socially or economically vulnerable is targeted. Many of the recruits seem to have come from the lower strata of the economic ladder. Various terrorist organizations tend to guarantee a compensation for the family of the militants. However, in addition to this, terrorist organizations like al – Qaeda have also started the use of technological tools like the internet to attract the youth from the middle class and upper classes in the Muslim world.
Other systems of recruitment like 'the funnel' are also used whereby a potential member is transformed over the training period and those who do not go through the transformation exit the recruitment process. Both these methods are geared towards recruiting people outside the circle of people and communities that have traditionally supported al – Qaeda. [10]
It has been said that poverty alone does not explain the existence of terrorism and the link if any is indirect and weak. It has therefore been argued that 'terrorism is a result of political frustrations and indignation (imagined or real) and not poverty.[11] Martha Crenshaw, a political scientist at Stanford University, states that "It is a strategy rooted in political discontent, used in the service of many different beliefs and doctrines that help legitimize and sustain violence. Ideologies associated with nationalism, revolution, religion, and defense of the status quo have all inspired terrorism."[12] Her views also resonate with those of kautilya who exploits the discontent and dissatisfaction in the people and uses it to his own advantage.
One of the main events that Crenshaw believes has shaped modern day 'terrorism' is globalization. While globalization is not considered as a direct cause of terrorism, it is considered as a facilitator. In other words, globalization is the catalyst that gives stimulus to social, economic, nationalist, religious or cultural variables which in turn affect the way terrorism evolves under certain circumstance. This means that the causes for terrorism in different areas of the world are exclusive to that area as different sets of variables may be predominant in different areas and in different times.[13]Therefore, terrorism is the response of a section of the population which feels vulnerable, alienated and threatened because of globalization. In other words, terrorism in modern times is predominantly the response of the weak (with the exception of state – sponsored terrorism).
How states respond: Exploring alternative responses
Unfortunately, states in most cases have failed to understand the importance of understanding and preparing for counter – terrorism or asymmetric warfare. States continue to use outdated techniques that were never meant to be used to combat asymmetric warfare. This also includes the way a state negotiates. For instance, during the Punjab insurgency, the Indian government strictly followed the model of "tactical concession of political power at the state level as quid pro quo for deflection, diffusion and de – emphasis on ethnic demands."[14]
The negotiation process led to the Rajiv – Longowal Accord in 1985 that guaranteed compensation for the innocent victims of the insurgency and guaranteed justice for them. However, this turned out to be a symbolic agreement and was never really implemented. The inability to implement the Rajiv – Longowal Accords coupled with the hawkish negotiation tactics of the Indian government gave a picture of an uncaring and arrogant regime, further justifying the cause of Khalistan for many Punjabis. Furthermore, Punjab under President's rule from 1987 to 1993 was under a virtual 'police raj' which led to some of the worst human rights violations. However, the police officials have time and again stated that while the police may be partially guilty, a certain degree of human rights violations are inevitable while fighting insurgency. The fact that the situation in Punjab has returned to normalcy has led many to believe that the government's strategy of "bullet for a bullet" has worked. K.P.S. Gill, the former chief of police ruthlessly prosecuted the anti – insurgency campaign. During his time as the chief of police, while many insurgents were caught or killed, a number of innocents were also killed. Till today there are pending cases of human rights violation against police officers who were in charge of the anti – insurgency campaign.
However, some have given an alternative explanation for why terrorism ended in Punjab. Many believe that the militants were defeated not just because of the anti – terrorist policies of the government, but more so because of the rural society, where the militants were primarily located. "Militants in their daily operations became ensnared in existing social networks, including local feuds and factional enmities, kinship retribution, and the social underworld of criminality as well as in the private accumulation of wealth and personal aggrandizement."[15] Therefore, the movement died because of factors endogenous to it rather than external forces, like the police or the army. Furthemore, because of the criminalization of the movement, it lost a significant amount of support from the Punjabi population. This some believe was the final blow to the Khalistan movement. Thus, it is said that K.P.S. Gill and his police department killed a 'dead tiger.'
The point being made here is that the lack of societal support led to the end of the insurgency and militancy in Punjab. States need to break out of their traditional methods of dealing with insurgency. States must stop dealing with insurgency like a war and consider other methods. If the Indian government had spent a little more time and attention on understanding the significance and the relevance of Punjab rural society it could have crafted a much more effective anti – terrorist policy which would not have led to so much blood shed, violence and human rights violations. Antulio Echevarria, who is the director of research at Strategic Studies Institute of the U.S. Army War College, states that one of the ways to tackle asymmetric adversaries, or any adversary for that matter, is by "looking for connections among the various parts of an adversary, or adversaries, in order to determine what holds them together."[16] By identifying the fault lines in the enemy camp one can defeat the enemy or enemies even without engaging them on the battlefield.
The idea is primarily to separate out the radicals from the moderate which would give a more lucid picture of the situation. John Jandora, an analyst at the U.S. Army Special Operations Command, states that while the tendency is generally to club all the "Jihadists" into one group. However, "one finds evidence of doctrinal discord"[17] between different Jihadi groups like the Mujahedeen and al Qaeda. Unfortunately, we see that states tend to rely solely on force which tends to backfire because, if a state itself legitimizes the use of force, how can it expect other militants to give up arms? Thus, the state must not resort to the use of force every time there is an emerging crisis and must give dialogue and diplomacy a chance.
However, the modern face of terrorism does differ from the kinds of terrorist and militant activities witnessed in the past. Rod Thornton states that terrorist organizations in the past like the ETA, IRA and the Red Army Faction conducted "small – scale propagandistic attacks against symbols of state – such as its security forces. If innocent bystanders were killed, it was usually unintentional."[18] He goes on to say that the "Islamist terrorists have modified Sun Tzu's edict from "kill one person, frighten a thousand" to "kill a thousand, frighten a million.""[19] Thornton believes that the modern terrorists have given up making the distinction between state and its citizenry thereby including the 'whole enemy society'. This has certainly contributed to an increased awareness about terrorism among the public. Furthermore, Thornton states that the characteristics that define the new breed of 'terrorists' are "1) increased degree of fervor. 2) their increased ability to implement attacks and 3) their increased ability to cause mass destruction."[20]
While Islam does not support or advocate terrorism, there are a few misguided Muslims who misquote the Quran and misrepresent Islam for their own vested interests, or sometimes out of sheer ignorance. The idea behind the use of religion in recruiting militants is convoluted and unfortunate. It can be argued that the twisted use of religion tends to justify the killing of innocent people for the militant. Furthermore, the promise of going to paradise upon death tends to make the prospect of death less scary and depressing, if not desirable, given the poor living conditions many of the militants come from. Simply put, while religion does not support terrorism and may not be the driving force behind it, it is the 'opium of the masses' that mobilizes people.
Other factors that lead to an increase in extremism and fervor in 'terrorists' are occupation of the holy land by American troops, a sense of disrespect of Islam (imagined and real) by the West and intractable issues like the Israeli – Palestinian conflict where the U.S. has consistently shown partiality towards Israel. The lack of even handedness in the U.S. in dealing with the Israeli – Palestinian conflict has enraged many Muslims around the world, enabling some leaders to use this rage to incite hatred and recruit militants.
For various reasons, many of these 'terrorist' organizations that engage in asymmetric warfare have also attracted many educated people who come from middle class backgrounds. This has among other things made technology more accessible to 'terrorist' organizations. For instance, one of the prime accused in the recent Ahmedabad bomb blasts was a software engineer who worked for one of the leading software companies in India.[21] Even Mohamed Atta who was one of the hijackers on 9/11 was a student at the Technical University of Hamburg. Therefore, with the increase in fervor, recruitment of technically educated militants and the availability of information on building explosives on the internet and books, 'terrorist' organizations have increased their ability to cause mass destruction.
Recent reports have been suggesting that the U.S. forces have been finding it difficult to tackle asymmetric warfare in Afghanistan. After fighting a technology driven war in Afghanistan where air strikes were extensively used to defeat the Taliban and al Qaeda, people in the U.S. defense establishment have started understanding the futility of the use of air power and excessive reliance on technology. It is now thought that conventional military force does not prove to be effective against irregular/asymmetric warfare. This is because asymmetric warfare not only defies the traditional rules of engagement and "calls for cultural, political and military qualities that are not the traditional strengths of Americans."[22] Standard tools of warfare do not prove to be adequate in meeting the new challenges that have been posed by asymmetric or irregular warfare. While the use of air power, which is very important for the U.S. may have been successful in killing a few militants in Afghanistan, the majority of the victims of air raids have been civilians. At the same time militants have tended to take shelter in heavily populated areas which cause more civilian causalities. Such events have led to a backlash against the Afghan government and the international forces.[23]
In the case of the U.S. the biggest hurdle in adapting to asymmetric warfare seems to be changing the existing mind set. America's excessive reliance on technology while may be a great advantage when fighting a state, it does not prove to be helpful in fighting an asymmetric war like the one in Afghanistan. Thornton states that "in the American case there has always a great deal of technological help available, and the temptation is to let that deal with the problem. This thinking is flawed in that it can lead to the exclusion of better alternatives."[24] In cases of asymmetric warfare, nothing can ever replace human intelligence. However, the use of human intelligence can prove to be tricky because it can potentially lead to an increase in the risk to the lives of agents and the troops. Technology and air power tend to be destructive and reduce the risk to the lives of the troops on the ground.
However, given the technological disparity between the Taliban and the U.S. troops, and the landscape of Afghanistan, technology may not prove to be as effective. It will be important for the U.S. to switch to using human intelligence and rely more on people who know the terrain of Afghanistan and Northwest Pakistan very well. That having been said, the involvement of technology in the fighting 'terrorism' is necessary to a certain extent. Many militants have started using cell phones as a way of communication. The availability of such technology at a low cost has certainly given a boost to the 'terrorist' networks.[25]
Understanding culture and social structure of the opponent also provides valuable information on how these militants think, behave and what their worldview is. As seen in the Punjab case, the government of India underestimated the influence that the rural social structure had on the militants. In the case of Afghanistan, understanding the tribal culture and code can help the U.S. troops a lot to not only understand the opponent, but respecting the tribal culture will also earn them a lot of goodwill.
Another very important aspect that needs to be understood by the U.S. is the importance of using the appropriate amount of force. During the Grenada war a Cuban officer in Grenada stated that the American "reaction was to destroy everything with their planes and artillery fire and see what's left."[26] Similarly the UN official, Carl Bildt stated that there was "little between doing nothing and a massive use of military force"[27] for the American troops. Therefore, finding the middle ground with respect to the use of force is very important for the Americans, if they want to have a successful strategy against 'terrorism' and insurgency. This is because; finding militants in a region is equivalent to trying to find a needle in a haystack. The militants tend to blend themselves into the local population which makes it difficult to distinguish them from the civilian population. The use of planes and artillery make it very difficult, if not impossible, to distinguish between the militants and the civilian population. At the same time, one must understand the fact that given the terrain of the region in Afghanistan and Northwest Pakistan, it is very difficult to mobilize tanks and artillery in such mountainous regions.
Discretion shown in the use of military force will be a lot more helpful in winning the 'hearts and minds of the people' as it is the civilian population that suffers the most because of military force. Even if we look back in time, the British government in its campaign against the Communist 'terrorists' undertook a "campaign of public information, civic action, and other persuasive measures by which the government won the crucially important support of the populace."[28] Even Kautilya states that the biggest power of a king is the goodwill of the populace inside and even outside his kingdom.[29] This shows that it is just not enough if there is a moderation in the use of military force. It is also important for the U.S. government to involve the local populace in defeating extremism and 'terrorism' in Afghanistan or in Iraq. Involving the populace in the 'war on terrorism' will automatically alienate the militants who tend to rely on public support. In fact the Taliban has been losing members because members have been returning to their tribal obligations and primal allegiance.[30] A Similar pattern was seen during the Punjab insurgency in the late 1980s when many militants were not able to completely isolate themselves from their society which led to the extinction of the insurgency movement. This further proves the influence and strength that social rules and obligations tend to have on even rebellious militants and insurgency movements.
In sum, the basic point this paper makes is that the basic philosophy that drives asymmetric warfare is not necessarily a new phenomenon as history does have some valuable lessons that modern strategists could learn. Furthermore, this paper tries to make the point that it is important for big powers to understand and master the art and science of asymmetric warfare. Kautilya in the third century BCE stated that "a single assassin can achieve, with weapons, fire or poison, more than a fully mobilized army."[31] Thus Kautilya understood the effectiveness and the importance of non – traditional methods of warfare and expected the strong king to understand and master the art of such non – traditional methods of warfare.
He advised the strong kings not only to keep a close eye on his associates and allies, but to surround the enemy kings and the weak kings with his agents so that no one could use subversive and guerrilla tactics to either assassinate the strong king or create disruptions within his empire. Similarly the Chinese strategist Sun Tzu stated that an army should avoid strength [of the enemy] and strike at weakness.[32] That said, the modern concept of asymmetric warfare and 'terrorism' has evolved over time and have characteristics of their own given the circumstances. However, they are similar to 'silent war' because both fall under the category of non – traditional warfare, for their time periods.
Furthermore, the problem seems to be that governments tend to have a set model on how to deal with insurgencies. We have seen how both the Indian government and the U.S. government have used standard methods, like the use of military force to try and resolve issues of insurgencies. It is now believed that asymmetric warfare and counter – terrorism is so complex that standard responses are not only ineffective, but tend to be counterproductive. Tactics employed against asymmetric warfare must be flexible and there cannot be a checklist for a set of tactics that ensure success. This is because each case of counter – insurgency and asymmetric warfare is different and thus tactics and strategies need to be flexible and adjustable.[33]
In the case of the U.S. Dr. Rod Thornton states that it is the "U.S. armed forces, more than all others, that need to think most about how to counter asymmetric adversaries,"[34] His views seem to be in agreement with even ancient strategists like Kautilya who states that big states need to be prepared to fight 'silent wars' and not just conventional wars, as other states would tend to choose subversive ways to attack and defeat the major power than choose to challenge it on the battlefield. Given the threats faced by the U.S, it must not rely heavily on technology and must understand the importance and value of human intelligence. Human intelligence will prove to be more effective because unlike technological intelligence, human intelligence can predict the motives, present and future intentions and the state of mind of the enemy.
The U.S. will now have to get used to a new kind of warfare that will tend to prolonged, highly variable in form and complex. The U.S. army cannot have the luxury of planning every move out and expect the plans to materialize. Given the amorphous form of asymmetric warfare, there will be a greater need to adopt a more flexible doctrine to combat asymmetric warfare. This also means that there has to be a greater degree of moderation shown in the use of military force. The culture of a Manichean or dualistic strategy of either using no force or excessive military force has to give way to a more multi layered approach with each layer representing a gradual increase in the use of military force.
Another aspect that needs to be addressed by the U.S. military establishment is the need to factor in culture in fighting asymmetric warfare. For instance, in Afghanistan, it would be very beneficial to the U.S. army if it spent some time and effort understanding the tribal culture and codes of conduct. This will certainly give a context to the fight against 'terrorism' in Afghanistan and will also help differentiate between the extremists and the moderates in the society. It has been illustrated earlier that even though insurgents tend to operate outside the societal norms, these insurgents have tended to get involved in their society. This has been true in Punjab during the 1980s and in Afghanistan today. Thus cultural and social norms could be used to reintegrate many of the insurgents into their tribe or society which would weaken terrorist organizations like al – Qaeda and the Taliban. However, to do so, the U.S. military must earn the goodwill of the people of Afghanistan and Iraq. By understanding and respecting the cultures and practices of the Afghan and Iraqi societies, the U.S. would not only be able to earn the goodwill of the general populace, but will show the world that the U.S. does respect Islam, thus giving one less tool to the extremists to indoctrinate the youth against the West.
Most importantly, the U.S. government must reform its mind set if it has to be able to fight asymmetric warfare. At present the problem seems to be that the U.S. prefers traditional wars because it is the best at it. Furthermore, as Dr. Thornton puts it, fighting traditional wars gives the U.S. a chance to display its technological prowess. Asymmetric warfare tends to neither give the U.S. the opportunity to display its technological prowess nor the opportunity to end the war quickly and secure a decisive victory. Thus the need of the hour is to rethink American military strategy with respect to asymmetric warfare and nurture a military culture that is not only discreet in its use of military force, but also uses military force smartly.
[1] Thornton, Rod. "Asymmetric Warfare" Polity Press, 2007. pg. 1.
[2] Kautilya. "Kautilya: The Arthashastra." Ed. Rangarajan, L.N Penguine Books, 1992. pg. 498.
[3] Ancker, Col. Clinton J. "Doctrine for Asymmetric Warfare." Military Review. July – August 2003.http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/milreview/ancker.pdf. pg.18.
[4] Boesche, Robert. "Kautilya's Arthashastra on War and Diplomacy in Ancient India." The Journal of Military History, Vol. 67, No.1. January 2003.http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/journal_of_military_history/v067/67.1boesche.html. pg. 10.
[5] Ibid. pg. 28
[6] Thornton, Rod. "Asymmetric Warfare" Polity Press, 2007. pg. 2
[7] Boesche, Robert. "Kautilya's Arthashastra on War and Diplomacy in Ancient India." The Journal of Military History, Vol. 67, No.1. January 2003. http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/journal_of_military_history/v067/67.1boesche.pdf. pg.22
[8] Kautilya. "Kautilya: The Arthashastra." Ed. Rangarajan, L.N Penguin Books, 1992. pg. 498
[9] Ibid. pg. 520, 521, 522.
[10] Gerwehr, Scott. Daly, Sara. "al – Qaeda: Terrorist Selection and Recruitment." McGraw-Hill Homeland Security Handbook, 2006, Chapter 5. http://www.rand.org/pubs/reprints/2006/RAND_RP1214.pdf. pg.76 , 77.
[11] Krueger, Allan B. Maleckova, Jitka. "The Economics and the Education of Suicide Bombers: Does Poverty Cause Terrorism." The New Republic Online. July 20, 2002. http://www.alanalexandroff.com/nr-krueger.pdf
[12] Crenshaw, Martha. "Political Explanations." "Addressing the Causes of Terrorism." Ed. Neumann, Peter R. Club de Madrid. 2005. http://media.clubmadrid.org/docs/CdM-Series-on-Terrorism-Vol-1.pdf. pg. 13.
[13] Ibid. pg. 13
[14] Singh, Gurharpal. "Punjab since 1984, Disorder, Order and Legitimacy." Asian Survey, Vol. 36, No. 4. April 1996. pg. 412
[15] Ibid. pg. 416.
[16] Jandora, John W. "Center of Gravity and Asymmetric Conflict: Factoring in Culture." JFQ, Issue thirty – nine. http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/jel/jfq_pubs/1439.pdf . pg. 78.
[17] Ibid. pg. 81
[18] Thornton, Rod. "Asymmetric Warfare" Polity Press, 2007. pg. 26
[19] Ibid. pg. 26
[20] Ibid. pg. 27
[21] "Ex – Wipro engineer's role in Ahmedabad blasts under scanner." The Indian News. August 16, 2008.http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/world-news/ex-wipro-engineers-role-in-ahmedabad-blasts-under-scanner_10084982.html
[22] Gray, Colin S. "Irregular Warfare: One Nature, Many Characters." Strategic Studies Quarterly. Winter 2007.http://www.maxwell.af.mil/au/ssq/2007/Winter/gray.pdf. pg. 54.
[23] "Afghanistan: Civilian Deaths from Airstrikes." The Human Rights Watch. September 2008. http://www.hrw.org/english/docs/2008/09/08/afghan19766.htm
[24] Thornton, Rod. "Asymmetric Warfare" Polity Press, 2007. pg. 157
[25] Meige, Montgomery. "Unorthodox Thought about Asymmetric Warfare." Parameters. Summer 2003.http://www.carlisle.army.mil/usawc/Parameters/03summer/meigs.pdf . pg. 11
[26] Thornton, Rod. "Asymmetric Warfare" Polity Press, 2007. pg. 151
[27] Ibid. pg. 151
[28] Sunderland, Riley. "Winning the Hearts and Minds of the People: Malaya, 1948-1960." RAND Corporation, Memorandum RM – 4174 – ISA. September 1964.http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_memoranda/2005/RM4174.pdf
[29] Boesche, Robert. "Kautilya's Arthashastra on War and Diplomacy in Ancient India." The Journal of Military History, Vol. 67, No.1. January 2003. http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/journal_of_military_history/v067/67.1boesche.pdf. pg. 28.
[30] Jandora, John W. "Center of Gravity and Asymmetric Conflict: Factoring in Culture." JFQ, Issue thirty – nine. http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/jel/jfq_pubs/1439.pdf . pg. 82
[31] Kautilya. "Kautilya: The Arthashastra." Ed. Rangarajan, L.N Penguine Books, 1992. pg. 498.
[32] Thornton, Rod. "Asymmetric Warfare" Polity Press, 2007. pg. 2
[33] Ancker, Col. Clinton J. "Doctrine for Asymmetric Warfare." Military Review. July – August 2003.http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/milreview/ancker.pdf. pg. 18, 25.
[34] Thornton, Rod. "Asymmetric Warfare" Polity Press, 2007. pg. 150.


text:
Report: METALLICA Singer's Disparaging Comments About Atlantic City Could Be Costly
June 22, 2013, 4 years ago
Press Of Atlantic City's Jennifer Bogdan reports:
An internationally known band that headlined a two-day concert at Bader Field last year has told one national media outlet that Atlantic City wasn't all it was cracked up to be, leaving little hope the act would return in the future.
METALLICA frontman James Hetfield made the comments centered on hotel costs to Rolling Stone magazine earlier this month as the metal band moved its Orion Music + More festival to Detroit. Atlantic City Mayor Lorenzo Langford said the criticism is legitimate and called on the state and casino properties to work together to create an environment that will attract major outdoor concerts to Bader Field in the future."I thought Atlantic City was going to be a lot better than it was," Hetfield told Rolling Stone earlier this month of the concert that drew nearly 24,000 people during two days, according to box office reports. "There was some gouging going on in hotels, ripping people off, crap like that. But it's a gambling town, and it's got a reputation for that. We're trying to make this affordable for people so that wasn't a great thing."
Read more at this location.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
- AHA News Home »
- All articles »
- Health care price growth lowest since December 1997
Health care price growth lowest since December 1997
AHA News Now
Mar 13, 2013
Health care prices in January were 1.5% higher than a year ago, two-tenths below the December level and the lowest reading since December 1997, according to the latest economic indicators from Altarum Institute's Center for Sustainable Health Spending. Hospital prices for Medicare and Medicaid patients grew by 1.7% and negative 0.8%, respectively. National health expenditures in January grew at an annual rate of 4.1%, a level that would signify the fifth consecutive year of moderate spending growth, Altarum said. Health care employment rose by 32,000 in February, well above the 24-month average of 24,000, with hospitals adding 8,900 jobs.
Keyword Search


text:
Keep Fit Blogs
Helping you find and maintain health.... fitness...nutrition...and vitality - with fun - for life.
Owner: TheParentFairy
Listed in: Health
Other Tags: health and fitness, health, fitness, well being
Information site on bodybuilding with helpful articles and reviews of bodybuilding programs.
Owner: webtec
Listed in: Sports
Other Tags: bodybuilding, muscle building, home training, weight training


text:
Julich leaves Team Sky
Team Sky can confirm that Bobby Julich has left the team after two seasons as Race Coach.
Last Updated: 29/10/12 4:30pm
Team Sky can confirm that Bobby Julich has left the team after two seasons as Race Coach.
After the team reaffirmed its position on anti-doping last week, Bobby has disclosed having taken a banned substance in his past as a professional rider in the late 1990's.
Team Principal Dave Brailsford said: "Bobby has shown courage in admitting to the errors he made long before his time with Team Sky. We understand that this is a difficult step for him and we've done our best to support him.
"It's important to emphasise that there have been no doubts about his work with us or his approach as a coach. He has done a good job and been a good colleague during his two years with us. Bobby has our best wishes for the future.
"We've made clear our commitment to being a clean team and been open about the steps we're taking. Although it's never easy to part, we believe this is the right thing to do."


text:
Volunteers lend helping Brush to Cedar Rapids homeowner
Program looks to help 20 families this year
CEDAR RAPIDS — About a dozen volunteers spent their Saturday morning scraping paint off a southeast Cedar Rapids home.
A Brush with Kindness, part of Habitat for Humanity, assists low-income families with home repairs. Rea Stull, the homeowner of the first Brush with Kindness project of 2013, stood outside 1620 Seventh Ave. SE in awe.
"I bought the house in 1988, it was my first house," Stull said with a smile. "I love it here. I'll die in this house."
Stull added he didn't realize how much was wrong with the house, and that you find things out as you go.
Ten of the 12 volunteers were part of a "colony," the soon-to-be Kappa Sigma fraternity at the University of Iowa. Colony member and UI freshman, Steve Moioffer, 18, isn't new to Habitat for Humanity. He said the last time he volunteered, he was using a sledgehammer to tear down walls. As the community service chair, he said he's always looking for opportunities in the community and rallied up the nine other students to participate.
Construction manager Brandon Kriegel said 16 houses have been repaired in Wellington Heights since 2010. "We hope to serve up to 20 families this year," Kriegel said. He added the program received a $60,000 grant for the next two years.
Kriegel added homeowners have to apply to the Brush with Kindness program and are involved in the process in some way. "They can help soak paint brushes, make lunch, it varies," Kriegel said.
He said it takes between five to six volunteer days with 15 to 20 people to finish a project like this.
Habitat for Humanity volunteer coordinator Megan Banaszek said it's amazing what a difference a couple of hours can make to one house in a neighborhood. "I grew up about two blocks from here," Banaszek said. "You don't realize what needs to be done even a couple of blocks away and what a couple of hours in a day can do."
Banaszek also has done a lot of work with flood-impacted houses in the area; she said she is still amazed that five years later the city is still dealing with its aftermath. "It's nice to do something with vacant houses, too," Banaszek said. "Otherwise they could be torn down, or destroyed somehow."
She added one of her favorite parts about her job is getting to meet and work with homeowners.
Stull said he applied for the program around two years ago and received a phone call last week. Stull said he almost forgot because it had been so long. "I was surprised, I didn't know what to say," Stull said. "Next thing I knew we were sitting in my dining room table talking, and now we're here."
"I didn't realize there would be so many people," Stull said. "I couldn't have done this all by myself; it's a big house."
Stull grew up in Cedar Rapids and his mother lives about five minutes away from his southeast home. He is on disability because of multiple surgeries. "Half of my right lung is removed. Being a welder for 35 years — it caught up with me," he said. The homeowner said his mother cut out a newspaper clipping and shared it with him several years ago; he said he couldn't have done it without her, as his eyes began to tear up."I would've probably let it go," Stull said about the condition of the house. "But my mother is still looking out for me at 86 years old."
|Iowa City man receives 7 year sentence f ...
|New U.S. Attorney Peter Deegan Jr. sworn ...
|Marion council passes updated public dem ...


text:
ST. PETE BEACH — More than $1 million in planned pedestrian safety and landscaping improvements are expected to reduce the danger for St. Pete Beach residents and tourists crossing Gulf Boulevard.
The pedestrian safety improvement project, scheduled to begin next summer, is the result of years of study of continuing pedestrian accidents and fatalities along Gulf Boulevard, according to the city's public services director, Steve Hallock.
In 2005, beach communities successfully pressured the Florida Department of Transportation to lower speed limits along Gulf Boulevard from 40 mph to the current 35 mph.
A number of new pedestrian crosswalks were installed with signs warning vehicles to stop when people were crossing the road.
A 2008 DOT study of the entire length of Gulf Boulevard from Sand Key to St. Pete Beach found an average of 14 pedestrian-involved crashes a year, resulting in more than two fatalities.
Despite the reduced speed limits and additional crosswalks, pedestrian accidents continued to occur, with one of the most recent involving a fatality in Treasure Island in April.
In St. Pete Beach, Gulf Boulevard's four lanes of virtually uninterrupted traffic are particularly difficult for pedestrians to cross, Hallock said.
"FDOT felt it was a high priority to improve safety here. They have designated about a million dollars in federal safety funds for St. Pete Beach," he said.
Designs for new crosswalks, raised medians and pedestrian refuge islands will be on display from 5 to 7 p.m. July 29 at the Community Center, 7701 Boca Ciega Drive.
Pedestrian refuge islands with crosswalks are planned at the Pinellas Bayway, south of 44th Avenue and north of Gulf Winds Drive. Seven raised medians will be built between 64th and 73rd avenues.
Hallock said he hopes residents will attend the design open house to review the plans and submit their comments to the DOT.
The city also recently learned that it has received several grants for landscaping: $150,000 for landscaping the Gulf Boulevard pedestrian medians, $100,000 for improvements along the Pinellas Bayway, and $300,000 ($60,000 each year for the next five years) for landscaping rehabilitation along Gulf Boulevard and Blind Pass Road.
The $150,000 will be used to landscape the new Gulf Boulevard traffic islands when the pedestrian safety improvements are complete next summer, Hallock said.
The $100,000 Bayway grant will be used to install new plants where the Bayway enters the city. That is also to be completed next summer.
Times researcher Carolyn Edds contributed to this report.


text:
Writing prospect updates for the Phils isn't quite as exciting as it was in these days, but there will always be young guys in the system to follow.
Instead of doing a write-up for each, I'm going to recap how the experts (read: folks who know more about scouting prospects than myself) rank the top guys in the Phillies system and then give a cumulative top-20 with my comments.
For the purposes of this chart…
BA = Baseball America
BP = Baseball Prospectus
KL = Keith Law
FG = FanGraphs
PP = Phuture Phillies
PP (Fan) = Phuture Phillies fan vote
MLB = MLB.com
1. Trevor May, RHP, 22
Was 3rd in the minors last year in K's (208) and led all the minors in K/9 (12.4) for pitchers with 100+ IP. The key to his future control. He dropped his BB/9 rate from 5.4 to 4.0 last year, but it's go to go lower for him to reach his full potential. A potential that for me puts him as a #2 starter in the majors. Reading and AA ball will be a real challenge for him. That's usually where you find out who is for real and who isn't.
2. Jesse Biddle, LHP, 20
Big, strong lefty who got better as the year went on. Like May, needs to cut down on walks. At age 20, he could still improve his fastball velocity, which currently sits around 90-91mph.
3. Sebastian Valle, C, 21
Here's a guy many are high on that I would trade in a heartbeat. He has some of the worst plate discipline you'll ever see (13 walks last year in 91 games) and though he's shown decent power, he had a big drop off last year (5 HR, .394 SLG%). Unless he's an elite defensive catcher, I just don't see it, and everything I've read has him around average behind the plate.
4. Jonathan Pettibone, RHP, 21
Breakout player from last year, Pettibone saw his velocity go up along with his strikeout rate, but also showed great control, with a BB/9 rate under 2. He is a big, ground ball type pitcher who like May, will be challenged at Reading.
5. Brody Colvin, RHP, 21
Considering all the problems he had, I'm surprised he's this high. Colvin's 2011 was disastrous as he allowed over 10 H/9 and saw his K/9 rate drop and BB/9 rate rise. Phils will hope he returns to 2010 form.
6. Freddy Galvis, SS, 21
Galvis had a breakout season with the bat in 2011, if you can call a .716 OPS "breakout," but if you consider he was never higher than .588 in his minor league career, that's a big jump. Also considering his defense has been at an above-average MLB level for several years, that's all he'll need to do to make the league. The Phillies are teaching him 2B and 3B in the hopes of making him a utility infielder with Rollins' signed.
7. Maikel Franco, 3B, 19
This one is all scouting and projection, as Franco didn't really do much of anything with the bat in the low level minors last year.
8. Phillippe Aumont, RHP, 23
Has really impressed in spring training. If he can reign in control, he could make the squad. Has the potential to be a closer or at least team with Bastardo in the late innings.
9. Justin De Fratus, RHP, 24
An injury has set him back in spring training, but like Aumont, has potential to be solid reliever for Phillies. Both he and Aumont are better prospects than Mike Stutes, in my opinion.
10. Larry Greene, OF, 19
Top draft pick from last year. We know he has a lot of power, something that is seriously lacking in our system. That's about all we know at this point.
11. Julio Rodriguez, RHP, 21
Still only 21, and coming off 2 straight excellent seasons. 358 strikeouts in 307 innings and a 2.87 ERA. Clearly the scouts are seeing something in his stuff that is good enough to get minor leaguers out, but not major leaguers, otherwise he'd be much higher.
12. Jiwan James, OF, 22
Not holding my breath for this super-athlete to have his baseball gene kick in.
13. Roman Quinn, SS, 18
Another pick from last year's draft. Potentially already the fastest guy in the system. Phuture Phillies compares him to a Michael Bourn or Juan Pierre in that his speed is so good, he might only have to hit a little bit to make it in the pros.
14. Lisalberto Bonilla, RHP, 21
Broke onto the scene last year. Has good K/9, BB/9 rates behind a solid fastball. He's listed at only 165 lbs (!), so you wonder if he can gain some weight and additional velocity. Worth keeping an eye on this year – I'd put him higher than this.
15. Perci Garner, RHP, 23
Hard throwing reliever with only 34 innings in short-season Williamsport. Again, the scouts see something that the numbers don't yet show.
16. Aaron Altherr, OF, 21
Sell, sell, sell. Toolsy outfielder who has shown very little signs of converted them into production with the bat.
17. Cesar Hernandez, 2B, 21
After a very good 2010 in Williamsport, he struggled in Clearwater. Not a whole lot of upside, but since he's a middle-infielder he's worth watching. Singles hitter who can steal some bases.
18. Mitchell Walding, 3B, 19
The third member of the 2011 draft class on here. Very little to go on here, but like most Phillies' draft picks he's a great athlete with lots of potential but is very raw.
19. Carlos Tocci, OF, 16
Uh, yes, that says "16″. And we paid him nearly $800k to sign back in August. Obviously given the age and the money they invested (that's about the max the Phillies pay for international signings) the Phillies think a great deal of him. However, it's going to be at least 3 years before we have an idea about what we have with him. Initial scouting says he's more speed than power.
20. Tyson Gillies, OF, 23
Seemed to be the safest prospect we got back in the Cliff Lee deal but has not been healthy at all during his time with the Phils. If he's finally healthy, he could have a resurgence, and seems to be impressing a bit in Spring Training this year.
So while the system isn't what it once was, there are still a couple players here to get excited about. Hopefully as we move through this current window of opportunity at the major league level, the Phillies will pump money into the draft and international markets so we have reinforcements on the way, and more pieces to use in trades.
MLB News
Delivered to your inbox
You'll also receive Yardbarker's daily Top 10, featuring the best sports stories from around the web. Customize your newsletter to get articles on your favorite sports and teams. And the best part? It's free!
|Best of Yardbarker
|NFL News
|MLB News
|NBA News
|NHL News
Today's Best Stuff
For Publishers
Company Info
Follow Yardbarker
|© 2017 YB Media, LLC. All rights reserved. Use of this website (including any and all parts and components) constitutes your acceptance of these Terms of Service and Privacy Policy.


text:
Police are investigating the deaths of two men that died after collapsing in a sauna.
A 39-year-old man died at the scene in the Pleasuredrome sauna near Waterloo station in central London and a 46-year-old man died later in hospital.
Police have said that they are currently treating both deaths as unexplained and are waiting on toxicology reports.
Next of kin are aware but formal identification is yet to take place.
Police are appealing for a man seen entering the venue with the first victim to come forward as soon as possible.
He is described as a white man, aged 25-35 with brown hair and a goatee beard approximately 6ft tall with a slim build.
Lambeth CID are keen to identify and trace this man as officers have concerns for his welfare.
Pleasuredrome has been running for over 15 years and is open all day, every day.
Spread over two floors, facilities include a spa, two steam rooms, two saunas, a lounge, a massage suite and a café-bar.
It operates a non smoking and drugs policy. Mail Online approached the sauna, but they were unavailable for comment.


text:
Truck, Trailer & Bus Repairs
Book your vehicle in at our Melbourne repair shop today
Truckrite is an Australian owned truck, bus and trailer repair centre in the south east Melbourne suburb of Clayton. In addition to general repairs and maintenance we also provide spray painting and accident repair services.
We pride ourselves on being a 'one stop shop' for truck, trailer and bus repairs in Melbourne, catering for every type of commercial vehicle large and small including refrigerated vehicles, machinery and equipment.
Guaranteed quality truck repairs and services
Truckrite is Fleetpool approved and offers quality and cost effective solutions to commercial transport service and repair requirements, including:
- Truck rental and replacement vehicle hire
- Truck roadside assistance and towing
- Truck mechanical repairs and servicing
- Truck collision repairs
- Trailer and truck chassis repair
Truckrite will not compromise on quality and offer a written guarantee on all truck, trailer or bus repairs carried out. To book your commercial vehicle in with us in Melbourne, call us now on (03) 9558 0200 or email firstname.lastname@example.com.
Navarone – Accident & Vehicle Repair
Main Office:
548 Clayton Road (ENTER FROM OSBORNE AVE), Clayton South VIC 3169
Postal Address:
P.O. Box 5092 Clayton 3168
Phone: +61 3 9558 0200 fax: +61 3 9551 6998
Email: email@example.com


text:
KENLY -- Walter Thurman West, 59, of 9140 St. Mary's Church Road, died Wednesday at his home.
The funeral will be held Saturday at 11 a.m. at Coley Funeral Home Chapel. The Rev. David Kriger and Dr. DeWayne Eakes will officiate. Burial will be in Kenly Cemetery.
Mr. West was a member of St. Mary's Free Will Baptist Church, where he served as a deacon and taught Sunday school. He was a trustee for Carolina Bible Institute Seminary and board member of Kenly Fire Department Corporation.
He is survived by his wife, Patricia "Pat" Turner West; daughter, Shari Corbett of Zebulon; mother and stepfather, Eva Mae and James "Tom" Sullivan of Kenly; sister, Joan West Nixon of Kenly; stepsister, Gale Gurley of Kenly; stepbrother, Danny Sullivan of Selma; and two granddaughters.
His father, Charlie F. West, preceded him in death.
The family will receive friends tonight from 7 until 9 at Coley Funeral Home.
Flowers are welcome, or memorial donations may be made to St. Mary's Free Will Baptist Church, P.O. Box 102, Kenly, N.C., 27542; Carolina Bible Institute Seminary, P.O. Box 280, Pine Level, N.C., 27568; or to Community Home Care and Hospice, 1604 Forest Hills Road, Wilson, N.C., 27893.
Published in Obituaries on June 3, 2005 2:44 PM


text:
Shopping Basket
Note: All prices in US Dollars
Featured Dog Gifts:
If you are looking for a unique dog birthday gift, any one of our dog gift baskets or dog aromatherapy gifts will be the perfect choice. Our pet gift baskets are loaded with enough gourmet treats for all his dog buddies to share on his special day! The spa gifts will be appreciated long after the party ends. The baskets below are specifically designed as dog birthday gift baskets.
|Bow Wow A Happy Birthday To You Dog Gift Basket (SKU: BWG-ASBDAY)This Birthday dog gift basket is packed full of all natural gourmet treats fresh baked for us from Nutty Mutt Bakery.
|Bow Wow Dog Birthday Gift Basket (SKU: BWG-HBDGB)This dog birthday gift basket is overflowing with a variety of delicious, fresh-baked, all-natural, gourmet treats.
|Bow Wow In The Dog House Gift Basket (SKU: BWG-DHGB)Our brand new Dog Gift Basket for Spring 2015! A die cut dog house for your favorite fido friend. Our Dog House gift basket is filled with our exclusive Nutty Mutt Bakery gourmet selections.
|Bow Wow Paw Print Gift Basket (SKU: BWG-PPDGB)This dog gift basket is perfect for any occasion - Birthdays, Welcome to the Family, Get-Well or just Be-Paws! Available in your choice of red & black, black & white or citrus & black accents.
|Bow WOW! Dog Gift Basket (SKU: BWG-WOWBSK)When you give this dog gift basket, both the dog and his guardian will say "WOW! This gift basket is HUGE and makes a wonderful dog gift basket for any occasion: Birthday, Gotcha Day, Get Well, Miss You, New Dog or Puppy or Just Bepaws!!


text:
Black Friday Sale
- High Definition Design
- Images are Smart Objects
- Easy Editable Text
- CMYK @ 300 DPI – Print-Ready.
- Perfectly Aligned
- Organised Layers and Grouped
- 0.25 inch Bleed Area and Guideline
- Help File Included
- Lemon/Milk
- Steelfish
No need of Images.
If you have some questions, please contact me through my profile page.
If you like this file please rate it, thank you.


text:
SFA willing to turn to foreign referees
The Scottish Football Association has confirmed it had drafted contingency plans to bring in match officials from outside the country amid a planned strike by referees in Scotland.
• SFA will do everything possible
SFA chief executive Stewart Regan expressed his support for under-fire referees and vowed to continue dialogue with their representatives to avert this weekend's action.
But he added: "While we remain hopeful that the situation can be resolved to everyone's satisfaction, we have no option but to draw up contingency plans, which will involve sourcing match officials in other countries."
The Scottish Senior Referees Association has informed the governing body of its intention to refuse appointments this weekend after a unanimous vote at their monthly meeting on Sunday.
Referees acted amid fears one of their number would come under physical attack after a number reported being threatened at home, in the street and the workplace.
Regan said: "I have every sympathy for the refereeing fraternity at this time and completely understand why incessant scrutiny, criticism and questioning of their integrity has brought them to the brink of a withdrawal of labour.
"I cannot, however, condone what will amount to strike action and believe we must now engage in positive dialogue to avert the possibility that we will have no football this weekend.
"This scenario is not helpful to the image or reputation of the game. Fulfilling the weekend fixture calendar is our priority and we have an obligation to the leagues, supporters, clubs, sponsors and media partners to do our utmost to ensure all senior games are refereed."
On Tuesday night, the Scottish Football Association revealed they had held "constructive" talks with Scottish match officials to try and avoid a strike, but negotiations will continue on Wednesday.
A spokesman for grade one match officials said: "After a constructive three-hour meeting with the SFA, talks are due to continue tomorrow. But the situation is that the weekend position is unaltered at present."
Use a Facebook account to add a comment, subject to Facebook's Terms of Service and Privacy Policy. Your Facebook name, photo & other personal information you make public on Facebook will appear with your comment, and may be used on ESPN's media platforms. Learn more.


text:
Congratulations! You leveled up, but you aren't logged in so we can't save your points.
The clip Lauren wakes Wade from The Car (1977) with Henry O'Brien
Categories movie-clips
Tags car, the, wade, henry, lauren, o-brien, wakes, 1977
Video Size: 420 x 315480 x 360640 x 480960 x 720
Flag This Item
Tiger attacks man on elephant.
110,667 |3
This guy creates intricate designs by using a rake to carve lines into the sand. He is an Earthscape Artist.
120,843 |3
Unbelievable. Jian Yang scores a one hundred and twenty three pt dive, breaking the world record for a single dive. Wait for the slow motion.
116,703 |3
"Bear Man" from Finland has a very endearing bond with the orphaned bears he has raised. Very cute.
122,800 |3
Stomp activated sprinkler is this puppy's new favorite thing.
123,711 |3
It's a dog eat sausage world out there.
107,520 |3
A surveillance video caught the remarkable sight of a lightning bolt hitting a truck as it drove on a highway.
132,796 |3
Come on, dude. That's not cool.
142,643 |3
108,610 |3
Paul Nicklen describes his most amazing experience as a National Geographic photographer coming face to face with one of Antarctica's most vicious pre ...
129,841 |3
VideoBash is your first and final stop for free funny videos, games and pictures guaranteed to brighten up your day. The funniest jokes and the most unbelievable pranks caught on tape have been collected in one spot for your viewing pleasure. This is entertainment at its best and no one does it better than VideoBash. These funny clips crackle with humor and they will definitely have you laughing till your sides hurt. Quality is our number one priority and the free funny vids here are the best of the best. There are no mediocre videos here. All the videos, jokes, pranks on VideoBash are the cream of the crop and you'll be hooked from the get go. The best part is you don't have to keep all this good stuff to yourself, you can share all the free entertainment videos with your friends.


text:
Because they're really famous people and worshipped as gods among mere mortals, Drew Brees and his wife got to check out a screening of Darren Aronofsky's upcoming biblical epic Noah the other night, and because they're just the most wholesome and squeaky clean couple in the NFL, they decided to dress up for it. Drew was, of course, Noah and Brittany took on the role of Noah's wife, Naameh. And because he's such a devout Christian, I assume that Drew didn't ask his wife to part the popcorn during the movie to find his giraffe poking through the hole, but I'll just believe that he did since he didn't say otherwise.
Seahawks DE Michael Bennett didn't really care about the costumes or the movie itself, because he had a much more serious and to-the-point response for Drew:
Damn it, Drew Brees, quit being all high and mighty and answer the damn question.


text:
Seattle to sign Obafemi Martins
Nigerian striker Obafemi Martins said Thursday he will leave La Liga's Levante to join Major League Soccer's Seattle Sounders, Martins told the BBC.
"We are on the verge of finalizing everything and it should be another step in my career," Martins told BBC Sport. "I'm happy because Levante will benefit from this and it will also help the club financially."
"What the American club [Seattle Sounders] has offered is a good deal for everyone involved."
The contract is due to be signed Saturday, the BBC reported.
The 28-year-old former Newcastle and Birmingham City player was signed by the Spanish club just eight months ago after a stint at Russia's Rubin Kazan.
He revived his career at Levante, scoring the winner on his debut and going on to net eight further goals in 22 appearances.
"It's been a good time here and I've enjoyed my moment at this club," he said.
"The fans have been very supportive and I will always cherish that."
Martins, who began his career in Nigeria with FC Ebedei, has also played club football in Italy, Newcastle, Birmingham City and Wolfsburg.
Use a Facebook account to add a comment, subject to Facebook's Terms of Service and Privacy Policy. Your Facebook name, photo & other personal information you make public on Facebook will appear with your comment, and may be used on ESPN's media platforms. Learn more.


text:
80 Eighth Avenue, Suite 400
(entrance on 14th street)
New York, NY 10011
View Google Map
Open House: Join Us!
- To be Announced
- General Inquiries & Faxes
- Front Desk Reception 212.242.2255 Fax 212.242.2920
- Admissions Office
- Admissions Office 212.242.5499 Sandra Turner Director of Admissions & Financial Aid firstname.lastname@example.com 212.242.5499
- Financial Aid
- Sandra Turner Director of Admissions & Financial Aid firstname.lastname@example.com 212.242.5499
- Bursar's Office
- Kathleen Peri Bursar firstname.lastname@example.com 212.242.3808 Fax 212.242.2920
- Student Services
- Student Services 212.242.0701
- Clinic Appointments
- Clinical Services email@example.com 212.242.2254
- Clinical Services Office
- Peter Dubitsky Director of Clinical Training email@example.com 212.242.4376 Elaine Bowlby Clinic Coordinator firstname.lastname@example.com 212.242.2254
- Continuing Education
- CE Registration 212.242.2255
- Director's Office
- Dennis Moseman President & Dean of Studies 212.242.2692
- Registrar
- Sandra Turner Registrar email@example.com 212.242.5499
Dennis Moseman, DC, MS, LAc
Dennis Moseman, DC, MS, LAc holds a Doctorate in Chiropractic as well as a Masters Degree in Acupuncture. Prior to his training in Chiropractic and Acupuncture he completed a Bachelor's Degree in Nutrition. He is currently President and Dean of Studies at Tri-State College of Acupuncture. He has been teaching since 1994 and a college administrator since 2000. Previously he served as the Chair of the Bioscience Department at Pacific College of Oriental Medicine (New York) and at the New York College of Health Professions. He also was the former Dean of the graduate school of Oriental Medicine at the New York College of Health Professions. In addition, he previously coordinated a multi-disciplinary health care facility that integrated both biomedical and complementary health care modalities. He is a former Commissioner for the NCCAOM and was the past Chair of the NCCAOM Biomedicine Exam Development Committee. He was a member of ACAOM's First Professional Doctoral Task Force, which reviewed and finalized the educational standards for that degree. He also served on ACAOM's Reconceptualized Master's Task Force, which reviews and sets the standards for all Masters level education in Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine.


text:
This still amazes me - D800e
Every once in awhile, while editing from a shoot, I'll get reminded of what really is down there in the D800e's capture range.
Out working my dogs, and shooting with the D800e and the 70-200VR2 to get comfortable with the 3D continuous autofocus, and get a better feel for how quickly autoexposure adjusts - at this time of day my yard is a mass of alternating shadow and light. (This is the first camera, of all the Nikon bodies I've owned, where the AF can consistently beat what I can do manually under almost every condition, but the metering seems to be a few beats slower than the AF... doesn't keep up with the changes in light as a moving subject tracks through different areas of brightness... but that's not what I'm posting about...) This is Sam, who does all kinds of tricks with balls of various sizes... he herds this ball through obstacle courses like tunnels, rows of poles, into goals, and he's FAST when he's doing it. Only has one speed... top.
On several of the shots, I noticed the dog tags, and thought... I wonder if I can read them. Many of the pictures they were back to the camera, but on this one...
I marked over the phone numbers... you can clearly read the top tag easily, and the bottom tag is only unreadable because of its angle.
A testament to the speed of the AF system, and the resolution of the camera that requires that speed.
|Post (hide subjects)
|Posted by
(unknown member)
|Sep 22, 2012
|Sep 22, 2012
|Sep 22, 2012


text:
Trending Searches:
Job Opportunities | Parks |
Ballet and tango along with bluegrass, country, classical, folk and jazz music will be found at the Hylton Performing Arts Center in this upcoming season. There will be acrobats from China and a choir from West Africa. Fiddlers, horn players and singers are also slated to show up for the center's fifth season.
Sign up to receive County newsletters and information. Enter your email address below to get started!


text:
Louisville picked up a big commitment from Chinanu Onuaku Friday afternoon. What does the big man's commitment mean for Louisville? Rivals.com's Eric Bossi weighed in from the road.
Premium Content
Subscribe today to read the full article and get everything Rivals has to offer.
- Member-only message boards
- Exclusive highlights and recruiting interviews
- Exclusive coverage of Rivals Camp Series
- Breaking recruiting news


text:
23 Free Videos
Amber Rain is a pornstar who was born in Inland Empire, California under the zodiac sign of Scorpio. Her ethnicity is Caucasian American and she has blonde hair and blue eyes. She stands at 5 feet 3 inches and weighs only 101 pounds. Her body measurements are 34B-26-36 and she is completely natural from head to toe. While she doesn't have any tattoos anywhere on her body, she does sport one body piercing which is to her navel. Although she legitimately does share a same sounding stage name with another adult performer, she also has been credited with a few alias names which are Amber Raine, Amber Rayne and Amber Rein. Growing up near the porn capital of the world meant that she never had to move too far or be introduced to adult entertainment.
Her career in adult movies began in the year 2003 when she was just entering into her twenties. Prior to working in the porn industry she had been employed as a waitress. Her income was not at the level that she needed to earn so she read through all of the help wanted advertisements daily. One day she came across an ad looking for figure models and responded to it. After doing some test photographs the guy told her that he had a lot of nude and adult work and she would be great for it. At first Amber didn't think that she would be right as a nude model but after some time to think about it she gradually decided that if he wanted her to do it then she was probably right for it. After several successful photo-shoots the photographer let her know that if she wanted to make more money that she could always work in porn movies and he gave her the phone number of an adult talent agency. Shortly after speaking with the agency she signed up and was soon making her first porn movies.
One of Amber's first films was "Just Over Eighteen 7" which was produced by Red Light District and directed by David Luger. Her scene is the third one and it begins with an interview where she talks about how new she is in the business. Touching and teasing herself for the camera leads to a clit solo and then Michael Stefano joins her. Taking his dick in her mouth, she sucks his cock until he's good and hard and then he fucks her while she lies on her side. Next she climbs on top of him and bounces up and down before moving into missionary position. He fucks her from behind next and then after some more dick sucking he gives her a facial cumshot. There is bonus footage on the DVD too where Miss Rain teases the director before sucking him off and taking some cum on her face again.
When Amber first got involved in porn movies, she had only had a handful of boyfriends in her personal life. She doesn't mention it much because people would probably find it hard to believe, but it's true. The boyfriend she had immediately prior to working in adult films was the one who introduced her to anal sex and she fell in love with it. They would often get together at her place late at night when her parents were asleep and then try to be really quiet while fucking in her bedroom. It was not always easy but they managed to never get caught! Miss Rain has told her parents about what she does for a living and while her mother is very supportive, neither of them were too thrilled about her career choice. Their bottom line though is that she is safe and sound and enjoying herself while earning a living. They can't really complain since she is an adult so they don't press her to change her career, but it's obvious that they would like her to.
As for her work, Amber has been enjoying every moment of her porn career since the very first day. Seeing it as not only a great career opportunity, but also sort of an excuse to get really slutty and have a lot of sex. Some things that she's always wanted to do she's now had a chance to do on film such as have sex with other women. Lesbian scenes are not her most common, but they do happen pretty frequently throughout her entire career. Interracial sex is also something that she wasn't too into before getting into the porn business. Now she loves it and enjoys having a big black cock inside of her ass when she gets the chance. Her personal sex life while working in movies is pretty much just masturbation but she's OK with that as long as she has good sex in her films. There are times when she goes out with her girlfriends to pick up guys but she never starts a relationship because she feels it's too hard to maintain while she's a porn performer.
One example of her interracial anal scenes is in the film "Hellcats 2" which was produced by Evil Angel Video and directed by Joey Silvera. Her scene is the fifth and final one in the film and she is joined by Delilah Stone, Brian Pumper and Toni Ribas in a foursome. The girls start the scene by posing and teasing together and then kissing each other. When the guys join them the ladies give their men blowjobs and soon they are both being fucked in various positions. At one point Delilah has a squirting orgasm and Amber takes Brian's black cock in her ass while using a vibrator on her clit. After more anal fucking the girls each get a facial cumshot and then lick their men clean.
Amber Rain has retired from working in the adult industry but while she was in it she performed in more than 76 titles. Some more recent films have come out that have her in the cast list but they are compilations using scenes that she filmed many years prior. Her career only lasted for two years from 2003 through 2005 and she is missed by porn fans who fell in love with her natural body and sexy smile. Her charming face and unique sexual style can be seen here on PORN.com forever and we encourage fans to watch every minute of this gorgeous porn goddess in action!
PORN.COM Rank: 6,395
Total Videos: 23
Followers: 264
Latest Update: 2 years ago
Video Views: 2,268,922
Average video views: 87,266
Added: Jun 8, 2003
Gender: Female
Ethnicity: White
Hair color: Blonde
Eye color: Blue


text:
Tequila can turn a social gathering into a party, much like a surprise appearance by Disco Duck. Get down, get down with this Groupon.
$20 for Tequila Tasting for Two ($40 Value)
On Thursday, May 2, 7 p.m.–9 p.m., visitors sample 30+ tequilas that range in value from $20 to $300 per bottle. Gourmet snacks will be provided. Participants receive up to 20% off any bottle of tequila featured during the tasting.
Crown Wine & Spirits
It's hard to imagine that there's a libation out there that Crown doesn't carry. With a selection that spans vineyards, distilleries, and breweries from around the world, the bottles lining each location come from both small, artisan makers and those universally famed for their grapes or techniques. Home mixologists can cull inspiration for cocktails from a selection of top-shelf-brand mixers or pair their tipple of choice with gourmet snacks, from bush-pepper macadamia nuts to dirty martini party dip. But tastings may be the most distinctive thing about Crown Wine & Spirits. Whether customers stop in to try each location's daily offerings of wine or spirits—or for special tastings that cover dozens of wines, bourbons or beers—Crown's staff makes it easy to find a new favorite or to make up to your tongue for forgetting so many of its birthdays.


text:
In the previous two installments of this series (Part I and Part II), we discussed the fiduciary obligation of officers/directors to proactively address cyber security and the legal basis for holding them personally liable if they fail to do so. This third and final article explores the more difficult task of deciding which best practices directors should consider adopting. Because each enterprise faces unique challenges, this process requires that directors understand their company's cyber security risk profile and the options available for mitigating the risk.
When deciding which policies or procedures to adopt, boards should consider how their decisions will be viewed after an incident occurs. Following a loss or serious data breach, the various interested parties—stockholders, regulators, customers, politicians, media, and courts—will seek to assign blame. This chorus of finger pointers will inevitably be looking through the distorted lens of hindsight. Directors will not be accorded the benefit of the doubt, the presumption of good faith will be thrown out the window, and a conscientious cost-benefit analysis will be characterized as a deliberate decision to sacrifice data security on the altar of corporate profits.
So how can a board of directors ensure their decisions will withstand the scrutiny of 20/20 hindsight?
First, directors should understand their company's cybersecurity risk profile, which is a combination of how likely it is a company will suffer a cyber attack and the severity of the consequences that may flow from an attack. Next, boards should examine measures adopted by companies with a similar risk profile and consider whether those policies would work in their organization. Boards should also review the recommendations of experts in the areas of cybersecurity and corporate governance to see which best practices are being endorsed. Following these steps will not guarantee safety from an attack or invisibility from second-guessers, but it will allow boards to demonstrate their careful consideration of the issue and how the procedures ultimately adopted were in accord with industry practice.
Cybersecurity Risk Profile
Every company will have a unique cybersecurity risk profile, falling within a spectrum ranging from high to low risk. Higher-risk companies will be expected to expend greater resources protecting their cyber assets by implementing more comprehensive measures as compared to a low risk enterprise.
Companies in the financial industry are exposed to high cybersecurity risk. For these companies, it is not a question of "if they will be attacked" but of "when and how frequently they will be attacked". Financial companies may also suffer more significant consequences in the event of an attack. In addition to losses ranging from tens to hundreds of millions of dollars at the hands of cybercriminals, this is a heavily regulated industry subject to myriad state and federal regulations governing the protection of customer information. Many of these regulations call for the levying of hefty financial penalties for even minor infractions and data breaches.
More often than not, companies will fall somewhere in the middle of the risk spectrum. So it is important that companies do not mechanically apply risk factors or overemphasize one factor over the other, such as focusing on the likelihood of an attack and not considering its potential impact. For example, critical infrastructure companies engaged in transportation, electrical generation/transmission, or oil and gas production may have a moderate to low risk of suffering an attack as compared to financial institutions. But they nonetheless have a high cybersecurity risk profile because an attack could cripple large segments of the country and economy.
On the other hand, there are companies viewed as having a low-risk profile because the harm from a breach is presumed to be insignificant. This assumption, however, can be disastrously incorrect. This was shown when a recent breach of the Associated Press's Twitter account resulted in a "tweet" stating that President Obama was injured in an explosion at the White House. Within three minutes of the "tweet" being sent, virtually all U.S. markets went into free fall, wiping out $136.5 billion of the S&P 500 index's value.
Speak to your Peers and Experts
Once directors understand their company's risk profile, they should consider how similarly-situated enterprises are addressing cybersecurity at the board level. Although a market check is helpful, following the pack should not lull directors into a false sense of security. Unfortunately, many companies are just now focusing on cybersecurity, and there are significant disparities across industry groups and geographic locations.
As evidenced by a 2012 governance survey conducted by Carnegie Mellon University CyLab, with regard to U.S. boards of directors, 71 per cent rarely or never review privacy and security budgets, 79 per cent rarely or never review roles and responsibilities, 64 per cent rarely or never review top-level policies, and 57 per cent rarely or never review security program assessments.
These statistics are surprising on their own, but they are truly shocking when one considers that 75 per cent of the respondents were from critical infrastructure industry sectors, primarily the financial, energy/utilities, IT/telecom, and industrials sectors. These sectors all have a high-risk cybersecurity profile.
The CyLab report also revealed troubling discrepancies when American companies are compared to their European and Asian counterparts. While only 28 per cent of U.S. company boards have established a risk/security committee, nearly 60 per cent of European and 95 per cent of Asian companies have such committees. Of this group, only 35 per cent of the U.S. companies have a risk committee separate from the audit committee, compared with 76 per cent of Asian companies. Similarly, only 44 per cent of U.S. boards review top-level security policies, compared with 62 per cent of European and 67 per cent of Asian companies.
These findings support the conclusion that U.S. companies continue to lag behind European and Asian boards when it comes to understanding key activities associated with privacy and cyber security governance.
Akin to the geographic disparity, there are significant differences in how various industry segments address cyber security. For example, the CyLab report found that the financial sector is substantially more likely to have a separate risk committee than are companies falling within the critical infrastructure segment. But, the boards for old-line industrial companies are much more focused on ensuring they have adequate cyber insurance coverage than are the higher-risk financial companies. And, although IT telecom companies place significantly more emphasis on having board members with technology experience, they rarely establish board IT/technology committees. This inconsistency is also present in the area of privacy, where IT/telecom companies are least likely to have a chief privacy officer, even though they have some of the most stringent privacy compliance programs.
Best Practices
Taking into consideration everything that has been discussed above, and in the prior two articles, it is now time to discuss exactly what protocols a good, conscientious board should adopt. Fortunately for corporate boards, a number of organizations have compiled extensive recommendations and best practices for addressing cyber security. Two widely recognized groups whose recommendations should be considered are the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Both the ISO and NIST focus on promulgating widely accepted best practices and standards in a multitude of areas, including cyber security.
There are, however, a number of recommendations falling within the classification of low-hanging fruit that all boards should consider when contemplating the adoption of comprehensive cyber security policies.
For starters, boards should be informed. An obvious first step is for directors to demand regular reports from senior management on privacy and security risks. Ideally, reports would be made to a risk committee with responsibility for enterprise risk, including IT risks. It may be advisable for the risk committee to be separate from the audit committee and report directly to the full board. Boards should also seek to recruit directors with IT governance and cyber security risk experience. All too frequently, boards have no IT experience and are forced to rely upon their technology departments. This reliance undermines the board's ability to critically and independently evaluate security policies.
To help ensure that risks are regularly monitored, there should be a cross-organizational team of senior executives that is required to meet at regular intervals to coordinate and communicate on privacy/security issues. This committee can go a long way toward developing a culture of healthy respect for cyber security and serving as a central location where various organs of the company can coordinate security programs. Because funding is crucial to any successful effort, boards should review privacy/security budgets and direct sufficient funding to cybersecurity initiatives.
To ensure that their company is well positioned to respond to a cyber attack, it is imperative for boards to regularly review their organization's incident response programs. Given the lightning speed at which the Internet operates, and at which data can be stolen, companies cannot wait until after a breach has occurred to formulate a response. Rather, companies need to have a well thought-out and comprehensive plan to address a cyber security breach. This would include protocols for internal notification and communications regarding a breach. A plan should establish clear chains of authority for stopping a cyber intrusion, securing data networks and implementing disaster recovery steps on a priority basis. Incident response plans must address external breach notifications to customers, the markets, employees and, if necessary, the appropriate authorities.
Last but certainly not least, directors should require a comprehensive review of their organization's insurance policies to determine whether, and to what extent, they have coverage in the event of a cyber attack or breach. This process should include an assessment of the company's cybersecurity risk profile (as discussed above) and the creation of potential loss valuations to make sure that appropriate levels of insurance coverage are maintained.
Cyber insurance should cover both internal and external related losses. Internally, insurance should at a minimum pay for business interruption expenses, legal expenses, loss of digital assets, and security event response costs. Externally, there should be coverage for third-party damages, credit-monitoring expenses, postage, advertising, and customer notification—just to name a few.
The fiduciary obligation of officers and directors to proactively address cybersecurity risks cannot be seriously disputed. Neither can the risk to companies' important data posed by cyber criminals, foreign governments, employees and simple negligence. The failure to address these risks can expose companies and their stockholders to significant financial losses and directors to potential personal liability. To avoid this outcome, directors need to proactively adopt best practices and policies to combat the cyber security threats facing their organization.
Originally published by Compliance Complete, a Thomson Reuters Accelus service, http://accelus.thomsonreuters.com.
Steven L. Caponi, Partner, email@example.com.
Steven L. Caponi is a partner at Blank Rome LLP. His national litigation practice covers all facets of business litigation, including corporate and IP matters, cybersecurity, M&A litigation, and securities litigation. He can be reached at email@example.com.
Full bio (http://www.blankrome.com/index.cfm?contentID=10&bioID=1980)
Elizabeth A. Sloan, Associate, email@example.com.
Elizabeth A. Sloan is an associate at Blank Rome LLP. She concentrates her practice in corporate and commercial litigation, including cybersecurity matters.
Blank Rome LLP
By listening to general counsel, business leaders and entrepreneurs, and anticipating their needs, Blank Rome has provided exceptional service to clients for more than 65 years. We have become one of America's largest law firms by adding leading talent and new practice areas to handle critical client matters. We invite you to explore this site to learn how our experience, depth, and diversity can enhance your business. At Blank Rome, we see the world through our clients' eyes.
Website (http://www.blankrome.com/)
Material in this work is for general educational purposes only, and should not be construed as legal advice or legal opinion on any specific facts or circumstances, and reflects personal views of the authors and not necessarily those of their firm or any of its clients. For legal advice, please consult your personal lawyer or other appropriate professional. Reproduced with permission from Blank Rome LLP This work reflects the law at the time of writing in August 2013.


text:
Marco Polo Updates The Past With His Vintage New York Sound On New Album
XXL: What is it like working with Big Daddy Kane and Rakim?
Marco Polo: Um, it's awesome. [Laughs] It's like a dream come true, right? Kane I met through Masta Ace, Ace just called Kane and we got in touch and we did a joint, and it came out really good. And with Rakim I met him through Nick Wiz, who used to produce for him. I still talk to them on the phone, and it's like butterflies like a little girl. Me and Kane don't have any other new songs, but me and Rakim are steadily working and it's awesome.
How do you approach going into the studio with guys like that?
Well with both of those, unfortunately, it was all done over the phone, which I fucking hate. But with them, I made some exceptions to work with them. But generally, I have everyone come through my studio and I'm very hands-on, very involved in every project. It's not like just doing a beat, send it. I'm very involved with the content, how they deliver it, I'm very up on all that shit. Some people really appreciate that, and some people do not. [Laughs]
It's weird that not many people do that anymore. You can't make something like "The What" with Biggie and Method Man without both of them being in the studio together.
Absolutely. And you can tell. You can feel it in the music. That's why there was such a drop in classic stuff that lasts. 'Cause back in the day, everyone went into the studio; if you listen to a Leaders Of The New School track, or Tribe, it's like 14 of them yelling in the booth. It was the good old days! There's no groups left—groups used to go into the studio and trade two bars, four bars, and it was exciting. You felt it, and it makes an epic difference. And now it's just like, "You email me a 16, we'll slap it together." It's just not the same thing. There are people doing that though, now, I just feel like they're always under the radar.
Tell me about PA2.
It's my pride and joy. It's the follow up to my first producer album that I put out in 2007 on Rawkus and Soulspazm, Port Authority. It's basically a continuation of that—it's me doing all the beats and reaching out to MCs that I like working with. It's a mix of Golden Era and new. I think a lot of people, when they look at my catalog, they think I'm stuck on working with Golden Era artists, which isn't the case at all, I just work with people I like. If you rap well, I'll work with you. This one I feel like stepped it up; it's like an improved version of the first one.
All these songs were literally supposed to be on that first album, but I'm just really particular about certain things fitting into places. All this stuff is awesome, it just didn't necessarily fit that project. So I essentially made 2-3 albums worth of material; PA2 is the final one, and this exists because of that recording process. So I've been working on this for about five years.
What's changed for you since you first started working on it?
I think what's changed in my work routine is I'm focusing a lot more on licensing. Licensing companies will just keep an eye out for good music and they'll reach out to you, and we stay in touch. I have all my beats playing on all the MTV Shows, like Jersey Shore. There's like 30 shows my beats play; I just send them beats, and I've been doing that for a while, it's just not something we really advertise like that. And half the time, those bring in so much more money.
Is licensing an untapped revenue stream?
I wouldn't say it's new—it's been happening for a while—[but] I put like 10 percent of my time into sending companies my beats, and now that's gonna change. That 10 percent of my time I spent on licensing is bringing in more revenue than the 90 percent of my time I spend on other things. [Laughs] So I'm like, if I shift it 50/50, I can still make my albums and music, but still make money.
But a lot of licensing stuff, people that try to make music for something specific, it always turns out wack. Licensing companies love licensing the music you make for your own stuff; that's what they want. It's like, "Hey, we have a theme song, we need you to make a song about winning," and then you go and try to make a song with a rapper about winning and it's just the corniest shit. The song you made naturally with none of that in mind, they'll always gravitate toward that.


text:
The Reserve At Potomac Yard is a Fresh/Young
Apartment Complex Offering Modern Amenities
and a Great Location Just South of Crystal
City. One and Two Bedroom Apartments Are
Available- All With in-Unit Washers and
Dryers/ Full Kitchens and Baths/ Smoke
Detectors and Sprinkler Systems/ Some
Units With Fireplaces.
All Units Are Non-Smoking Units. Rate
Includes All Utilities/ Unlimited Local
Calls/ Basic Cable and One Reserved Parking
Space. Tastefully and Comfortably Furnished.
Free Weekday Shuttle To and from the Crystal
City Metro. On-Site Amenities Include
a Fitness Center/ Business Center/ Outdoor
Pool and Jacuzzi/ Sauna/ Pool Table and
Party Room. Across the Street is Potomac
Yard Shopping Center With Shops and Movie
Nearest major airport
Washington, DC (DCA-Ronald Reagan National)
Hotel Class:
3 stars
All Rights Reserved 2010 - Capitol Reservations


text:
UK Law
Get UK Law Questions Answered by Verified Experts
Thanks for replying Expert,
I am asking if the company has the right the auto renew without informing me?
What are my right regrading cancellation of the contract? I have been blocked from the site on the basis of payment not obtained by the company and I have written emails and faxes asking for my membership to be cancelled and to date this has not been done.
What should I really paying and how much? The company has informed me that they will renew the contract for a further 6 months despite me not wishing to take out a further 6 month contract with them. But as I did not use (or forgot I had joined this website) I was unaware that this contract is up for renewal. I am aware that ignorance is not an excuse.
Hopefully you can help me.
10. The Contract Period
(1) The Contract Period will commence on the date and time the Customer subscribes for Premium Membership Services.
(2) The Contract Period will be such number of whole months as is agreed between Us and the Customer and may typically continue for either 1, 3, 6 or 12 months.
14. Termination and suspension of Services
(1) We may immediately terminate the Customer Contract if:
(A) any sum owing to Us from the Customer remains unpaid after the due date for payment;
(B) the Customer uses the Services and/or the Site in an unlawful manner; or
(C) the Customer commits any breach of these Conditions or the Contract.
(2) Where the Contract terminates pursuant to Condition 14(1) above, We will stop providing the Services and block the Customer's access to the Site.
(3) Such action by Us will not affect the Customer's payment obligations regarding any Premium Membership Services already ordered and all payments due under the Contract Period will become payable immediately.
(4) Upon termination of the Customer Contract as a result of the Customer's breach of these Conditions, the Customer will be liable to Us for an amount, up to 250 pounds sterling, which reflects a genuine pre-estimate of Our loss in such circumstances.Such liability does not affect any claim which We may also have against the Customer for damages.
(5) The Customer may terminate the initial free Services at any time by clicking on the "delete profile" link found under "settings" on the Site.Alternatively, the Customer may provide written notice of such termination, by following the procedure set out in Conditions 13(2) and 13(4) above.
(6) Other than as detailed in Condition 13 above, the Customer may only terminate Premium Membership Services at the end of the Contract Period.To do so, he or she must serve written notice (for the avoidance of doubt, this does not include email) or a facsimile to Us at the address designated below resp. on the Siteor, where applicable,serve notice to Us using any other format permitted by Us from time to time.In any event, the service of notice must contain the information specified in Condition13(4) above.Where an online termination process is available, termination may also occur by following the relevant link on the Site.Termination must occur at least 14 days prior to the expiry of the respective Contract Period or within any other notice period provided when an application for Premium Membership Services is accepted, otherwise the provisions of Condition 15(1) will apply. The terminationmust be sent to: be2 S.à.r.l. Customer Service / Termination 291, Route d'Arlon L-1150 Luxembourg Luxembourg
(7) Please note that a subscription for Premium Membership Services cannot be terminated by a Customer deleting his or her profile.Where a Customer receiving Premium Membership Services deletes his or her profile, his or her payment obligations for Premium Membership Services remain unaffected and such Customer will not receive a reimbursement of any payments made. By deleting his or her profile, the Customer solely waives his or her right to continue to benefit from the Services.
(8) We may wholly or partly suspend the Services at any time.We will inform Customers about the nature of any planned suspension as soon as possible and will endeavour to
do so at least 14 days prior to such suspension.Should such suspension continue beyond 3 months, any Customer who has paid for Premium Membership Services, but who has not yet received such Services, will be entitled to receive repayment of any money paid but, in doing so, agrees that the Contract has been terminated.
15. Extension of contract
(1) At the end of each Contract Period, the Contractwill be automatically extended and continue for a period equal to the original Contract Period until the Customer terminates his or her Contract in accordance with Condition 14(6) above.
(2) Condition 15(1) above will not apply to trial subscriptions, sales campaigns and any other similar circumstance (as confirmed by Us).In such cases, the Customer will be informed of the relevant Contract Period, the possibility of termination and any automatic extension of the Contract Period that may apply.
16. Payment
(1) Once the Customer's application for Premium Membership Services has been accepted and the payment transaction has been completed successfully, the Customer's payment card will be debited immediately.
(2) An invoice will be processed and dispatched to the Customer as receipt of his or her payment for Premium Membership Services within 30 days of his or her payment being received and cleared.
(3) We recommend that the Customer prints out all transaction data and keeps it in a safe and easily accessible place.
(4) Unless otherwise expressly stated in writing, all prices are inclusive of VAT, which will be charged at the rate prevailing at the relevant tax point.
(5) Where payment is agreed to be made in instalments, any delay or default by the Customer in making payment in respect of one instalment will render all the remaining instalments due immediately, and interest will be charged in accordance with Condition (6), with immediate effect until the date of actual payment.
(6) The rate of interest charged on late payments will be the statutory rate from time to time in force pursuant to the Late Payment of Commercial Debts (Interest) Act 1998.
(7) The Customer will be liable for all, costs incurred by Us resulting from any credit card, debit card or other payment or payment application not being duly met or made at the first attempt and will pay all costs of further applications or representations made for payment.