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The hike to the arch is relatively easy, with an easy down hill grade for the first four miles and then a moderate up-creek hike for the rest. The return hike is harder, especially if it is in the heat of the summer. Temperatures can reach the 100+ range so it is best to hike back in the evening if possible. Temperatures are more moderate in the spring and fall. Winter hiking is also possible but perhaps not recommended because there is rarely enough snow to snowshoe but often lots of mud.
The trail is very easy to follow and is used frequently but there can be days when you will not see another hiker. Be sure to take plenty of water, especially for the hike out. There is water along many scetions of the trail but filtration or purification is necessary.
The elevation at Lee Pass is 6070. From there it is downhill for about 3.5 miles and just under 1000 feet of elevation loss. The low point of the hike is at the first meeting of LaVerkin Creek is which is elevation 5085. From there the next three miles slopes gradually up to an ending elevation at Kolob Arch of 5413.


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Tossa De Mar, Costa Brava, Spain
Hotel located in the town of Tossa del Mar, a coastal town on the Costa Brava. The extensive beaches are about 400 meters away. The lively town center, which come in a few minutes walk away, offers a variety of shops and places of entertainment. The tourist areas and memorials are the old city and the excavation of an ancient Roman town.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
MFS' quarterly newsletter for MFS shareholders and their investment professionals provides helpful information on topics such as disciplined diversification, asset allocation, and retirement planning. New MFS services are also highlighted.
MFS Commentary Summer 2017
For Investment Management, Choose Man Over Machine; plus James Swanson's Market Outlook.
MFS Commentary Spring 2017
Our 9th Straight Year Recognized by Barron's, plus James Swanson's Market Outlook.
MFS Commentary Winter 2017
8 Reasons an Advisor Still Makes Sense, plus James Swanson's Market Outlook.
This site is intended for use by U.S. residents. If you are not a U.S. resident, please visit
Other MFS Sites.
FOR DEALER USE ONLY. Should not be shown, quoted, or distributed to the public.
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text:
<|>: Game Over
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- Feb 2, 2006 | 7:19 PM EST
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- 38 sec
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- 4.25 / 5.00
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- Score:
- Rated 4.25 / 5 stars
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Author Comments
Rated 5 / 5 stars
very nice feel it has, its a perfect game over feel for an rpg-ish game, much like FF or perhaps even zelda. kudos!
Rated 5 / 5 stars
aw, crap.....i just got owned....
lol wow definitly final fantisy-esque type kinda stuff...remindes me of my ff9 days, awsome work, keep it real!
P.S. all my five r belong to you!
Thanks a lot for the review dude! Hells yeah I keeps it real, yo, wit' TritoneAngel in the hizzy. Or something like that. :)
I will gladly accept all your fives. Keep 'em rollin' in. Thanks again buddy.
Rated 5 / 5 stars
Sounds damn good man.So how many other songs do you have from that game you and your friends were working on?Anyway hope it pans out for you it'd be a shame if these were never used in a game.Great job.
Oh goodness man -- I've got at least 15 or so. Town music, boss battles, opening themes, etc. They're just sitting around gathering dust. I'll probably just wind up tweaking them a bit and then posting them. Someone will get good use out of them that way. Really a shame as the game was going to be really, really awesome. (Although, I'm biased because I wrote the entire story.)
Thanks for the review dude!
Rated 5 / 5 stars
great job
This sounds like somthing from the Final Fantasy games when your characters dies in a battle or failed something. It has a lot of sadness and sorrow in it. Nice work with this one.
Thanks for the review buddy! It was originally meant for a Final antasy style adventure/RPG and would have fit in that spot. Glad you liked it.
Rated 5 / 5 stars
This does sound like it would be in a video game like an RPG. It sounds nice. 5/5
Thanks a lot man! Yeah, the video game I and my friends were working on hasn't panned out yet, and I'm not sure if it ever will. But, I've still got all the music for it just sitting around, and the whole story written, all the main characters designed, most of the monsters, bosses, etc. It's just killing me to have all this stuff sitting around without anyone to hear it. So, most of it will probably make its way on NG.
Thanks for the review!


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At the same time, Theresa's brother, Luis, puts family before relationships when he decides to place Marty ahead of Fancy. How will she take the news? Will this move on Luis' part affect their situation? Either way, Alistair steps up to throw another fly into the mix. He promises to help Pretty win Luis. What tricks does Alistair have up his sleeve this time?
Speaking of relationships, it is soon going to be wedding bells in Harmony. Miguel announces that he and Kay are getting married. Is she surprised or is this a proposal she's been waiting for?Tune in to Passions this week to find out.
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Comments (2)
roxannaschrader said:
Idont understand pa*sion anymore the serect hasnt came out yet what gwen done to ethan and he still dont know little ethan hiss when is when this going to happen can you tellme if theresa and ethan going to be togher again Ihate gwen she need to die
QueenRuler said:
Hi roxannascrader,
Thanks for your comments. Pa*sions has always been the soap that takes forever to tell a storyline. I am sure Gwen's secret WILL come out, just not sure when. Far as what I like to call "the longest running love triangle in soap opera history" Gwen/Theresa/Ethan, I too hope that Theresa and Ethan will be together at last. I also hope that Gwen finds a new love to give her the romance and relationship she so definitely deserves.
Your QueenRuler
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Have you seen this suspected Olympia bank robber?
OLYMPIA, Wash. -- The Olympia Police Department is looking for the man who is suspected of robbing a downtown bank at knifepoint Thursday morning.
According to police, the man came into the Timberland Bank around 9:45 a.m., pulled out a knife and demanded money from a teller.
The man ran off northbound on Washington Street with the money, and officers were unable to find him, according to police.


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Why do I have to go see live music? Not like to- have to. Why are recorded concerts more frequently played in my house than their studio counterparts? How can 3 hours of human life be changed into a heavenly experience just with the addition of an impassioned performance? Rhetorical perhaps, but valid questions. If you don't agree with me, I am not sure why you are bothering to read any further. I write about music.
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Now that Former Massey Energy CEO Don Blankenship has been convicted and sentenced for his role in violating federal mine safety laws, the story is not over. Here is why you should still care. Continue reading
Following a tumultuous night of conflicting reports on the fate of miners trapped by a devastating explosion, officials in West Virginia announced that 12 of the 13 workers located late Tuesday were dead. Continue reading


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- Description
- Shipping & Returns
- Reviews
Whether you're new to Bitcoin or already a security expert, TREZOR is a Digital Currency Hardware Wallet for everybody. The Trezor isn't just a bitcoin hardware wallet, you can now store Ether, Litecoin, Dash, ZCash, and Ethereum digital assets with your Trezor. Any ERC20 token can be stored on your Trezor hardware wallet such as FirstBlood, Edgeless, Augur,
With the Trezor wallet you can leave behind viruses and keyloggers. Forget about needing to do regular backups, reading encryption manuals, printing paper wallets, and making off-line storage. Next time you see another 10+ steps guide to secure your bitcoins, just skip reading it.
The Trezor is more than just a cryptocurrency hardware wallet, you can use it as a password manager, a 2-Factor authentication device, or protected SSH access to your servers.
Bitcoin is secure by design. All you need is a tool to use it without risk. All you need is your own TREZOR wallet.Just take these 3 simple steps to have everything solved:
- Get your own TREZOR hardware wallet.
- Set it up in minutes.
- Store your recovery seed in a safe place. It will help you regain access to all your coins and transaction history in case your device is destroyed or lost.
- TREZOR is a USB 2.0 device compatible with Windows, Linux, and OS X (10.8 or higher).
Technical information
- Size
- 60 x 30 x 6 mm (2.4 x 1.2 x 0.2 in)
- Weight
- 12 g (0.42 oz)
- Connectivity
- Micro USB connector for connecting to the computer or mobile phone.
- Safety and certifications
- The TREZOR is CE and RoHS certified, so it meets all quality, reliability and environmental standards. Its fine to take your TREZOR wallet with you on the airplane. Like all modern electronics, the X-Rays won't hurt it.
- Operating temperature
- -20°C to +60°C (-4°F - +140°F)
- 120 MHz embedded ARM processor (Cortex M3) running a custom developed system.
- Screen
- Bright OLED - 128x64 pixels. Enough to hold six lines of text. Can display all the details needed to verify a transaction in a single screen.
What's in the Box
- TREZOR - The Bitcoin Safe Hardware Wallet
- Micro USB cable (random color)
- Recovery seed booklet
- TREZOR user guide
Which wallets are compatible with TREZOR recovery seed?
In case your TREZOR wallet is not available you can still recover your bitcoins using your recovery seed and a compatible wallet like Mycelium, Wallet32, or Electrum. Check out TREZOR Apps for the full list of wallets compatible with the recovery seed.
All orders are shipped within 72 hours from the United States or Europe depending on where you live and what product you purchase. As soon as your order ships, you will receive an email with the tracking information.
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Artist description:
Just trying some weird experiments and ideas :)
Java Draw Created Jan 11, 2012 470 x 338px Unless noted Copyright 2012 Predelnik.
We encourage you to submit a comment and let the artist know what you think of this drawing. Please log in or join to post a comment.
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AuroraSkye Jan 11, 2012
VERY creative!!!! 5/5
Page 1


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Click here to view the pictures individually.
The Virginia Aquarium & Marine Science Center in Virginia Beach unveiled its new Restless Planet exhibits to homeschool families from as far away as Harrisonburg and Front Royal during the HEAV-sponsored Homeschool Day on Thursday, January 28, 2010. Museum staff and volunteers were ready to point out the unusual features of the animals, fish, and sea creatures, as well as to answer questions from curious homeschooled students. The four immersive habitats included dozens of new exhibits.
Students could feel the humidity and hear sounds of thunder and dripping water, while viewing unusual animals in the Southeast Asia exhibit. Families walked through a forty-foot tunnel surrounded by delicate live coral in the Red Sea Aquarium. The Mediterranean Sea exhibits featured seahorses, cuttlefish, cobras, scorpions, and hedgehogs. Eagle rays with up to six-foot wingspans swam among some of the most beautiful fish in the world. There were Komodo dragons, the largest lizard in existence, in a habitat with a special viewing area that allowed young guests to crawl under the exhibit and pop up in an acrylic dome to see the animals close up. What an adventure for homeschooling parents and students!
Our thanks to the aquarium for hosting us…and to each of you for your support of HEAV! We couldn't do what we do without you!
Be sure to join us at upcoming HEAV-sponsored Homeschool Days!


text:
Dom Perignon 1998 Rose Champagne
75cl / 12.5%
LOVE Glass pack
Not Available
This product is currently out of stock
Enter your email address below, you will be notified when this product is available.
A great gift pack from Dom Perignon, combining a bottle of their 1998 vintage rosé champagne with a pair of elegant champagne flutes. These are all presented in a black box with a set of windows on the front spelling out LOVE.
Allergen InformationThis product may contain the following:
- sulphur dioxide and sulphites at concentrations of more than 10mg/kg or 10mg/l


text:
Baltimore County
Death Penalty
Crack Cocaine
Pa. man sentenced to 10 and a half years for robbery conspiracy
By Yvonne Wenger, The Baltimore Sun
March 24, 2012
Robert Gene Harris was sentenced Friday to 10 and a half years in prison for his role in robberies in Maryland and Pennsylvania. Harris, 29, of Chambersburg, Pa., was sentenced by U.S. District Judge Benson E. Legg of the Maryland district court for conspiracy to commit armed robberies and the use of a firearm during a violent crime. The judge also ordered Harris to pay $14,925. Harris' prison term will be followed by three years of supervised release, according to U.S. Attorney for the District of Maryland Rod J. Rosenstein.
Last remaining defendant in police kickback scandal pleads guilty to conspiracy, extortion
By Tricia Bishop, The Baltimore Sun
March 22, 2012
The last of 17 Baltimore police officers charged in a kickback scheme pleaded guilty Thursday to conspiracy and extortion in federal court, bringing the prosecution phase of the case to a close. Over a five-month period, Jaime Luis Lugo Rivera, 36, steered car crash victims to Majestic Auto Repair in Rosedale in exchange for cash payments worth at least $6,000, falsified police reports, persuaded at least one vehicle owner to submit a false insurance claim and supported efforts by the body shop owners to increase damage for bigger insurance payouts, according to his plea agreement.
Notable figures in the drug conspiracy
By Peter Hermann, The Baltimore Sun
March 5, 2012
Felicia "Snoop" Pearson , 31. Grew up dealing drugs in East Baltimore and at age 14 killed a youth in a fight. On HBO series "The Wire," played an enforcer for drug organization. Arrested last year as part of a drug sweep and pleaded guilty to conspiracy to sell heroin. Put on probation with a suspended sentence. Shawn Johnson. New York drug supplier described by Pearson as an old friend. Pleaded guilty to being the drug network's main supplier, trafficking in 10-kilogram heroin shipments.
Former Baraka student sentenced to 70 months for drug conspiracy
By Tricia Bishop, The Baltimore Sun
February 2, 2012
A federal court judge on Thursday sentenced 21-year-old Romesh Vance, who was featured in a 2005 documentary about Baltimore boys sent to boarding school in Kenya, to 70 months in prison for participating in a drug conspiracy at the Gilmor Homes public housing complex. "I'm hoping that Mr. Vance will be one of the real success stories," U.S. District Judge Benson E. Legg said in handing down the sentence. Legg noted Vance's youth, "tremendous" family support and the many opportunities he's had in his short life that have shown him better ways of doing things.
Four indicted in woman's murder, drug dealing on The Block
By Justin Fenton, The Baltimore Sun
January 27, 2012
A federal indictment unsealed Friday accuses four people — including a mother and her son — of directing a drug-dealing operation in Baltimore's strip-club district through violence and intimidation, including the 2010 killing of a dancer they suspected of giving information to police. Police had arrested one of the defendants named in this week's indictment, Tyrone Johniken, last January in the killing of 25-year-old Cherrie Gammon, who was fatally shot in Leakin Park on Dec. 12, 2010.
Drug boss Blackwell gets 20 years in heroin conspiracy
By Justin Fenton, The Baltimore Sun
January 20, 2012
Steven "J.R. " Blackwell, the leader of an East Baltimore drug conspiracy linked to a yearlong street warwith rivals, was sentenced to 20 years in federal prison Friday as part of a guilty plea he struck with prosecutors last fall. Though he was not charged with any acts of violence, authorities believe Blackwell's organization is tied to a wave of shootings touched off by the abduction in April 2008 of his then-teenage brothers. But Blackwell, 27, still faced up to life in prison after being charged with overseeing a multimillion-dollar heroin conspiracy and laundering the proceeds through gambling winnings in Las Vegas and state lottery tickets.
Gwynn Oak man sentenced in heroin conspiracy
By Steve Kilar, The Baltimore Sun
December 21, 2011
A Gwynn Oak man was sentenced Wednesday to 10 years in prison for his role in a conspiracy to sell between 1 and 3 kilograms of heroin, prosecutors said. Recco F. Beaufort, 52, was the principal transporter of heroin for a drug trafficking group that processed and distributed heroin less than 1,000 feet from a charter school, according to a statement from Maryland's U.S. Attorney's Office. Beaufort delivered heroin for a New Jersey man named Charles C. "Billy" Guy, 43, to a Baltimore man named Christian Gettis, 39, the statement said.
Currie not guilty of bribery, conspiracy in Shoppers case
By Tricia Bishop, The Baltimore Sun
November 8, 2011
After a six-week trial and three days of deliberation, a Maryland jury acquitted Sen. Ulysses S. Currie and two grocery chain executives Tuesday of federal extortion and bribery charges, ending years of criminal suspicion surrounding the Prince George's County Democrat. But the state senator still faces an ethical inquiry by the General Assembly, which could recommend penalties ranging from a reprimand to expulsion. Currie was indicted last year, alongside two former Shoppers Food Warehouse employees, after a lengthy investigation into allegations that they used a community-relations consulting contract to conceal a bribery scheme in which Currie accepted payment in exchange for legislative favors.
Jury deliberating in Currie bribery trial sends note to judge
By Tricia Bishop, The Baltimore Sun
November 7, 2011
Jurors deliberating in the federal bribery trial of state Sen. Ulysses S. Currie and two former grocery chain executives sent a note to the judge Monday, indicating that at least some of them believe a conspiracy may have occurred, though not for the length of time alleged in the indictment. The note read: "If we believe the conspiracy was not in effect in Dec. 2002 (or even Jan. 2003), but might have started at a later date [possibly as much as two years later], can we find any of the defendant's guilty on count one?"
A former Baraka Boy pleads guilty to drug conspiracy
By Tricia Bishop, The Baltimore Sun
October 12, 2011
A 13-year-old Romesh Vance sat on a Baltimore carousel eight years ago, spinning slowly as he predicted his future. "I think all our lives [are] going to be bad now," he said. The statement was captured on camera by the documentary filmmakers following his journey - and its premature end - at the Baraka boarding school in Kenya, which gave a handful of disadvantaged city boys the chance to study in Africa. The school was unexpectedly closed in 2003. On Wednesday, a 21-year-old Vance pleaded guilty in U.S. District Court to participating in a drug conspiracy involving nearly two dozen people who allegedly sold cocaine and crack out of the Gilmor Homes public housing complex.
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Cultural Chemistry part 1 of 3: Khat
- Published:
- Saturday 30 October 2010 12:00PM
- Gallery for Cultural Chemistry - Part 1 of 3 Khat
- Image: Khat plant A khat plant prior to harvesting. (Image courtesy of: : Professor Mustafa al'Absi)
- Image: Khat growing in a botanic garden Khat is known to botanists as Catha Edulis. (Photographer: : Cliff1066)
- Image: Fresh khat Freshly harvested khat leaves. (Photographer: : Eesti)
- Image: A child selling khat in Somalia ... (Photographer: : G.A. Hussein)
- Image: Men chewing khat in Somalia ... (Photographer: : Charles Roffey)
- Image: Khat stall in Somalia A khat-seller's stall. (Photographer: : G.A. Hussein)
- Image: Men chewing khat in Yemen ... (Photographer: : Charles Roffey)
- Image: Khat on a table in a Melbourne cafe. Dried khat leaves ready for chewing in a Melbourne cafe. (Photographer: : Dr Peter Higgs)
- Image: Associate Professor John Fitzgerald Melbourne University's Professor John Fitzgerald prepared a comprehensive literature review on khat, in response to concerns among some African Australians about khat's effects on individual and social behaviour. (Image courtesy of: : Victorian Health Promotion Foundation)
In the first of our social and scientific odysseys into plants that mould minds and shape cultures, we explore khat. For millions of African men, it's an important social lubricant. To science it's a stimulant while to others it's a dangerous drug.


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Since when did Gov. Bobby Jindal care about helping retires?
He doesn't care that lots of people can't afford health insurance. Jindal only wants cuts that affect the poor and middle class. He has shown repeatedly that he is not worried about helping the state. His only concern is looking good for the national Republican Party.
I will be glad when his term is finished. Maybe then we will get a governor who will put the needs of all the people first instead of the few wealthiest.
Windell Crowder
retired state employee


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- This event has passed.
Santa Visits Brundage
December 25, 2013 @ 10:00 am - 2:00 pm
Event Navigation
Santa Claus comes to Brundage Mountain Resort for a little ski holiday.
After greeting the kids in the Brundage Mountain Kids Center, he'll hit the slopes with candy canes and holiday cheer to share!


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Patent application title: DEMISABLE FUEL SUPPLY SYSTEM
Wayne H. Tuttle (Torrance, CA, US)
David Adams (La Mirada, CA, US)
Marcial Alexander Anaya (Whittier, CA, US)
Jeffry K. Pearson (Newport Beach, CA, US)
Hamilton Sundstrand Space System International, Inc.
IPC8 Class: AB65D8500FI
USPC Class:
Class name: Special receptacle or package with specified material for container or content for container lining, coating, or impregnate
Publication date: 2012-09-27
Patent application number: 20120241355
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A demisable fuel supply system for a satellite includes a pressurized
aluminum alloy tank with an aluminum alloy propellant management device
therein. The propellant management device (PMD) can have any capillary
action surface tension fluid transport features known in the art.
Selected inner surfaces of the tank and the PMD are covered with a plasma
powder sprayed titanium based coating to guarantee propellant wettability
and corrosion resistance of the fuel supply system.
1. A demisable fuel supply system comprising: aluminum alloy liquid
storage tank for storing a liquid propellant; aluminum alloy propellant
management devices; and a plasma powder sprayed highly wettable and
corrosion resistant titanium based coating covering selected internal
surfaces of the liquid storage tank and propellant management devices.
2. The demisable fuel supply system of claim 1, wherein the titanium based coating is selected from the group consisting of pure titanium, and titanium-based alloys.
3. The demisable fuel supply system of claim 2, wherein the titanium based coating is one of Ti-6Al-4V alloy and Ti-15V-3Cr-3Sn-3Al alloy.
4. The demisable fuel supply system of claim 3, wherein the titanium based coating has a thickness of from about 30 microns to about 200 microns.
5. The demisable fuel supply system of claim 1, wherein the titanium based coating has a thickness of from about 50 microns to about 130 microns.
6. The demisable fuel supply system of claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy is selected from the group consisting of 6061, 2219, and 2014 alloys.
7. The demisable fuel supply system of claim 6, wherein the aluminum alloy is 6061 alloy.
8. The demisable fuel supply system of claim 1, wherein the liquid storage tank has a thickness of from about 0.9 millimeters to about 7 millimeters.
9. The demisable fuel supply system of claim 1, wherein the liquid propellant comprises mono or bipropellant fuels.
10. The demisable fuel supply system of claim 9, wherein the mono propellant fuel comprises hydrazine.
11. A method of making a demisable fuel supply system comprising: fabricating liquid storage tank sections; fabricating propellant management device (PMD) components; attaching PMD components to the interior surfaces of the liquid storage tank sections; coating selected storage tank section interiors and the PMD components with a highly wettable and corrosion resistant titanium based coating by plasma powder spray; assembling the populated storage tank sections to form a finished liquid storage tank.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the storage tank sections and PMD components are made from an aluminum alloy.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein the aluminum alloy is selected from a group consisting of 6061, 2215, and 2014 alloys.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein the aluminum alloy is 6061 alloy.
15. The method of claim 11, wherein the PMD components are attached to the storage tank sections by welding, brazing, or with mechanical fasteners.
16. The method of claim 11, wherein the titanium based coating is selected from a group consisting of pure titanium and titanium-based alloys.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein the titanium based coating is one of Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-15V-3Cr-3Sn-3Al alloy.
18. The method of claim 16, wherein the titanium based coating has a thickness of from about 30 microns to about 200 microns.
19. The method of claim 11, wherein the liquid storage tank sections are assembled by at least one of gas tungsten arc welding, electron beam welding, and laser beam welding.
20. The method of claim 11, wherein the liquid storage tank has a thickness from about 0.9 millimeters to about 7 millimeters.
[0001] This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 13/052,862, filed on Mar. 21, 2011 entitled "DEMISABLE FUEL SUPPLY SYSTEM".
[0002] Satellite fuel tanks are complex devices that use various means to deliver fuel to propulsion systems of the space craft. In a zero or low gravity environment, separating the liquids from pressurizing gases in order to deliver them in sufficient quantities to support mission requirements is difficult. Often, this process is performed with a propellant management device (PMD) that utilizes surface tension and capillary action to transport the liquid fuel. It is imperative that the tank and PMD materials are compatible and wettable with the liquid fuel chemicals such as hydrazine. It is known in the art that materials such as titanium and titanium alloys are used for this purpose because of their high chemical compatibility and wettability with hydrazine and other propellants and oxidizers used to fuel satellites.
[0003] One requirement for low earth orbiting (LEO) satellites is the ability to retain enough fuel for a final de-orbit maneuver at end of life. The purpose of this activity is to position the space craft in a controlled re-entry trajectory that allows it to fall into the ocean, thereby reducing the loss of life and property should the debris fall into a populated area. Unfortunately, the amount of fuel needed for this final action could otherwise enable the space craft to remain functional for a period of up to several years if the end of mission re-entry were uncontrolled. Uncontrolled re-entry requirements are that all but a negligible portion of the space craft burn up (demise) during re-entry.
[0004] Designs for demise programs have emphasized replacing components fabricated from higher melting point materials such as steels and titanium with lower melting material such as aluminum to increase demisability during re-entry. The fuel tanks for the NASA Global Precipitation Measurement satellite (GPM) have been designed with aluminum fuel tanks and PMDs for this purpose. A special surface treatment to increase the chemical compatibility and wettability of aluminum alloys used for the GPM components has been expensive, labor intensive, and difficult to verify in completed tank structures.
[0005] In one embodiment, a demisable fuel supply system has a liquid storage tank and propellant management devices. The liquid storage tank and propellant management devices are fabricated from aluminum alloys. Selected areas of the inside surface of the liquid storage tank and surfaces of the propellant management devices are coated with a titanium based coating to guarantee high wettability of and corrosion protection against the propellant.
[0006] In another embodiment, a method of manufacturing a demisable fuel supply system comprises first fabricating aluminum based components of the fuel supply system. The components are then partially assembled and joined, such as by welding or mechanical fastening. Selected areas of the tank and component inside surfaces are then coated with a titanium based coating before final assembly of the tank by welding.
[0007] FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a propellant tank with propellant management components therein.
[0008] FIG. 1A is a schematic sketch of a top view of a sponge propellant management component.
[0009] FIG. 1B is a schematic sketch of a side view of a sponge propellant management component.
[0010] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing fabrication steps of a demisable fuel supply system.
[0011] FIG. 3A is a schematic sketch of a droplet that partially wets a substrate.
[0012] FIG. 3B is a schematic sketch showing complete wetting.
[0013] FIG. 4 is a photograph of the profile of an aluminum alloy substrate supporting a hydrazine droplet that partially wets the substrate.
[0014] FIG. 5 is a schematic of a plasma powder spray process.
[0015] National and international agreements have emphasized end of mission re-entry from near earth orbit (NEO) to minimize hazardous orbital debris. Controlled re-entry, whereby the space craft is put into a trajectory with a predetermined landing site, such as an ocean, has been the accepted practice in order to minimize personal or property damage. Uncontrolled re-entry requires that the space craft completely burn up (demise) before impact. A demisable satellite mission can be extended for up to a number of years because of the fuel saved by not having to position the spacecraft in an orientation for a proper trajectory during controlled re-entry.
[0016] The recent NASA Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) satellite has been the first to design according to a "design for demise" (DfD) specification for exactly the above reasons. In DfD designs, low melting metals and other materials comprise most or all of the structures. Aluminum is favored because of its relatively low melting point. Steel and titanium satellite components do not demise during re-entry. A fuel supply system for the GPM satellite comprises a pressurized composite over-wrapped pressure vessel (COPV), an aluminum tank liner and aluminum propellant management devices (PMD). In a zero gravity environment, fuel transport in PMD systems is by capillary action and wettability of the tank and PMD components by the propellant is an absolute necessity for the fuel systems to operate. Unfortunately, the wettability of hydrazine and other fuels and oxidizers on normal clean aluminum surfaces is insufficient to allow aluminum PMD systems to work. A solution was found, however, that creates a hydrated oxide surface layer on certain aluminum alloys that achieved sufficient wettability and allowed the aluminum PMD systems to function. The surface treatment is expensive, labor intensive, and fragile. Exposure to normal "shop air" for example, can render the surface non-wettable and would disable the GPM PMD before launch. Additionally, exposure to common chemicals normally used in processing and testing satellite fuel tanks are destructive to the hydrated oxide coated aluminum surfaces. Finally, the wettability of the treated aluminum surfaces cannot be directly tested after the tank has been constructed and use of similarly treated test coupons is an inferior and marginally acceptable qualification and certification procedure.
[0017] An embodiment of this invention is to coat the tank interior and all internal PMD structures with a thin layer of a titanium based coating before final assembly, thereby guaranteeing acceptable wettability and corrosion resistance of the propellant delivery system. Another embodiment is to coat only the PMD and all its fluid communication components and not the entire tank liner.
[0018] An example of a propellant delivery system will now be discussed. The system is only an example and is not to be taken as limiting in any respect to propellant delivery systems now known or to be developed. A schematic sketch of propellant delivery system 10 is shown in FIG. 1. Propellant delivery system 10 is a monopropellant delivery system where a single fuel such as hydrazine is used. Bipropellant propulsion systems using a fuel and an oxidizer are also in common use. Delivery system 10 includes tank 12, inlet gas flow line 14, outlet liquid flow line 16, propellant 18, vanes 20, and sponge 22. Vanes 20 deliver propellant 18 to sponge 22 where collected and stored propellant 18 in sponge 22 is drawn from liquid flow line 16 when required by the propulsion system.
[0019] Demisable propellant delivery system 10 is preferably fabricated from an aluminum alloy. Aluminum alloys suitable for this purpose include, but are not limited to, 6061, 2219, and 2014 alloys.
[0020] In zero gravity environments, surface tension forces and capillary action are necessary driving forces to deliver propellant in spacecraft such as satellites. A primary function of propellant management devices is to deliver fuel without gas bubbles to a propulsion system. Gas entrained in a fuel line may result in engine malfunction. Normal filters for this purpose are titanium alloy screens where liquid passes through the screens by capillary action and gas bubbles are left behind.
[0021] Vanes 20 may be simple thin metallic ribs aligned perpendicular to tank shell 12 as shown in FIG. 1. The propellant collects at the intersection of vane 20 and tank shell 12 and is held in place by surface tension and meniscus forces. Collecting sponge 22 may be a radial assembly of vertical panels. FIGS. 1A and 1B are top and side view, respectively, of sponge 22. In a similar fashion, propellant is held in place by surface tension and meniscus forces and fills area inside dotted circle 24 along the entire length of sponge 22. Other collection reservoirs (not shown) are traps and troughs. Vanes, sponges, traps and troughs are described by D. E. Jaekle, Jr. in American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Papers AIAA-91-2172, AIAA-93-1970, and AIAA-95-2531, respectively, for instance.
[0022] As noted above, an embodiment of the present invention is to coat all surfaces of the fuel supply system that are in contact with propellant with a titanium based coating in order to guarantee wettability and corrosion resistance throughout the life of a mission. Preferable titanium based coatings are, but are not limited to, pure titanium and titanium-based alloys, such as Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-15V-3Cr-3Sn-3Al alloys. During re-entry, the thin titanium based coating becomes an inconsequential component of the structure as the aluminum components burn up. As mentioned above, another embodiment is to coat only PMD components and fluid communication surfaces with the titanium based coating to ensure acceptable fuel supply during the mission.
[0023] Two tank configurations are preferred for satellite fuel systems. One embodiment is a simple aluminum pressurized tank containing propellant management devices (PMD). The other embodiment is an aluminum pressurized tank surrounded by an overwrap of a composite containment shell called a composite overwrap pressure vessel or COPV. In a COPV, the aluminum tank is called a liner in the art.
[0024] A method of fabricating demisable fuel systems with pressurized aluminum propellant tanks and with COPV tanks is shown in FIG. 2. The process starts with the procurement of aluminum alloy material, preferably sheet stock. (Step 30). Liquid propellant tank shell sections are then fabricated from the sheet stock, preferably by spinning and other methods known in the art (Step 32). A preferred thickness of the tank sections is between about 0.9 millimeters and 7 millimeters. Aluminum alloys suitable for the tank include, but are not limited to, 6061, 2219, and 2014 alloys.
[0025] Optionally, the interior surface or portions of the interior surface of the tank shell sections are then coated with a titanium based coating. (Step 34). Preferably, titanium based coatings for the tank shell interior sections include, but are not limited to, pure titanium and titanium-based alloys, such as Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-15V-3Cr-3Sn-3Al alloys. The thickness of the titanium based coating is between about 1 micron and about 10 microns.
[0026] Aluminum PMD components such as vanes, sponges, traps, troughs, and others are then fabricated or acquired from qualified vendors. (Step 36). Aluminum alloys suitable for the PMD components include, but are not limited to, 6061, 2219, and 2014 alloys.
[0027] A titanium based coating is then applied to the PMD components (Step 38). Suitable coatings include, but are not limited to, pure titanium and titanium-based alloys, such as Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-15V-3Cr-3Sn-3Al alloys (Step 38). The PMD components are then assembled into PMD fixtures by processes known in the art (Step 40) and then installed into the tank shell components (Step 42). The PMD components are installed into the tank shell components by attaching the components to the tank shell by welding, brazing, mechanical fasteners, or other methods known in the art (Step 42).
[0028] The tank shell components containing installed PMD devices are then assembled and joined into finished tanks and liners (Step 44). Assembling and joining comprise gas tungsten arc welding, electron beam welding, laser beam welding and other methods known in the art. If the finished product is a tank, the tank is then qualified for service (Step 46). If the finished product is a COPV, the assembled liner containing installed PMD devices is then overwrapped with composite fibers to form a COPV (Step 48). The COPV is then qualified for service (Step 50).
[0029] As noted earlier, compatibility, in particular chemical stability and wettability between hydrazine fuel, fuel tank interior surfaces, and PMD components is critical for mission success. Thin film coatings of titanium and titanium alloys on aluminum alloy fuel tank systems have achieved successful mission requirements and eliminated the need for bulk titanium or titanium alloy tank structures. The titanium and titanium alloy coatings disclosed in commonly owned Ser. No. 13/052,862 and incorporated herein in its entirety are deposited by physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, sputtering, and electroplating. As shown below, hydrazine wettability of the coated surfaces was less than complete and additional surface treatment is required to satisfy mission requirement of complete wettability.
[0030] Wettability of hydrazine on a titanium or titanium alloy coated aluminum alloy surface can be conveniently measured by the wetting or contact angle between a fuel droplet and the substrate surface as shown schematically in FIGS. 3A and 3B. In FIG. 3A, the wettability of hydrazine droplet 52 on aluminum alloy substrate 54 is indicated by contact angle 56. In FIG. 3A, aluminum alloy substrate 54 is partially wet by hydrazine droplet 52 as indicated by wetting or contact angle 56 being positive. Wettability increases as the contact angle decreases. Complete wettability, as shown in FIG. 3B, occurs when the contact angle is zero.
[0031] Evaluations were made of the compatibility of hydrazine on CP Titanium coatings produced by physical vapor deposition on 6061-T6 aluminum alloy substrates. The coatings were deposited in an argon purged chamber at 200° C. after a maximum bake out temperature of 400° C. The compatibility was measured by examining the profile of a hydrazine droplet on a clean titanium coated aluminum alloy substrate in an argon purged chamber at room temperature. The results are shown in FIG. 4. FIG. 4 is a photograph showing the profile of hydrazine droplet 52 on aluminum alloy substrate 54 wherein contact angle 56 is indicated by a line tangent to the droplet at the point of intersection of the droplet with the substrate surface. In this case, contact angle 56 is about 20 degrees, indicating acceptable contact but incomplete wetting. This feature was a general result of titanium or titanium alloy films deposited on aluminum alloys by vapor phase processes such as physical vapor deposition. Complete wetting (i.e. zero contact angle) was achieved in all cases by treating the surface with an aqueous solution of 30 wt. % nitric acid and 3 wt. % hydrofluoric acid. A vacuum solution heat treat at 529° C. followed by an argon quench and a 177° C. aging treatment restored the T6 properties and subsequent usefulness of the 6061 aluminum alloy PMD component substrate.
[0032] In an embodiment of the present invention, intermediate surface treatments to enhance wettability and heat treatments to restore mechanical properties are unnecessary. The titanium and titanium alloy coating deposition process of the present invention produces coatings that exhibit complete wetting against hydrazine fuel with no additional treatment or chemical processing. The titanium and titanium alloy coatings of the present invention are produced on aluminum alloy components for PMD application by plasma powder spray.
[0033] A schematic of plasma powder spray process 60 is shown in FIG. 5. Plasma spray process 60 comprises plasma torch 62, powder source 70, and target 80. Plasma torch 62 comprises cathode 64, anode 66, and a plasma gas source, not shown, but indicated by arrows 68. A DC or AC, typically RF, potential between cathode 64 and anode 66 ignites plasma plume 78 directed at target 80. Powder source 70 provides feedstock for plasma coating 82 on substrate 84. Powder source 70 comprises tube 72 carrying a powder feedstock in a gas stream indicated schematically by arrow 74. Powders injected in plasma plume 78 are accelerated towards target 70 in arrays of partially and/or completely molten particles 76 where they impact target 80 to form coating 82.
[0034] In the present invention, particle feedstock 74 may be pure titanium or titanium alloy powder. Plasma powder spraying may be carried out in vacuum or inert atmospheres. Plasma powder sprayed titanium or titanium alloy thicknesses may range from about 30 microns (1.2 mil) to about 200 microns (7.8 mil). Alternatively, from about 50 microns (2 mil) to about 130 microns (5.1 mil).
[0035] In contrast to PVD titanium and titanium alloy thin film coatings on aluminum alloy substrates, plasma spray titanium and titanium alloy coatings exhibited complete wetting when contacted with hydrazine fuel. Furthermore, the coatings may be deposited at room temperature. Post coating acid etching and solution quench and age heat treatments are not necessary. Since plasma spray is a line of sight coating process, the process is suitable for larger robust and structural PMD components. Vapor phase coating is still recommended for smaller, delicate aluminum PMD components.
[0036] While the invention has been described with reference to an exemplary embodiment(s), it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment(s) disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
Patent applications by Jeffry K. Pearson, Newport Beach, CA US
Patent applications by Wayne H. Tuttle, Torrance, CA US
Patent applications in class For container lining, coating, or impregnate
Patent applications in all subclasses For container lining, coating, or impregnate
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FILED: September 29, 2010
individually and as Trustee of the
Woodrow Wilson Revocable Living Trust,
an Oregon non-profit corporation,
and LENTS LODGE NO. 156 A. F. AND A. M.,
an Oregon non-profit corporation,
Multnomah County Circuit Court
Katherine E. Tennyson, Judge.
Argued and submitted on January 08, 2010.
Lindsey H. Hughes argued the cause for appellant.Ā With her on the briefs were Kevin M. Glynn and Keating Jones Hughes PC.
Craig R. Berne argued the cause for respondent Richard L. Hart.Ā With him on the brief was Harris Berne Christensen LLP.
No appearance for respondents Woodrow and Hazel Wilson Foundation and Lents Lodge No. 156 A. F. and A. M.
Before Landau, Presiding Judge, and Schuman, Judge, and Ortega, Judge.
Plaintiff Tricia Schmidt was the beneficiary of a trust, the terms of which permit her to reside in an apartment for the rest of her life, unless she no longer chooses to live there.Ā Defendant Richard Hart, the trustee,(1) initiated an action against plaintiff for Forcible Entry and Wrongful Detainer (FED) when he received information that led him to believe that she had moved out of the apartment.Ā The FED court agreed with defendant and evicted plaintiff from the property.Ā Plaintiff then initiated this action against defendant for breach of fiduciary duty and breach of trust.Ā Defendant moved for summary judgment on the ground that the FED action finally determined her right to live in the apartment.Ā The trial court agreed with defendant and entered judgment dismissing plaintiff's claims and awarded defendant attorney fees and costs.Ā Plaintiff appeals, advancing a number of different assignments of error.Ā We affirm, writing only to address plaintiff's contention that the trial court erred in concluding that the FED proceeding is dispositive of plaintiff's allegations relating to her rights under the trust.
The pertinent facts are undisputed.Ā In July 1995, Woodrow Wilson created the Woodrow Wilson Revocable Living Trust, into which he placed all of his property, including a four-unit residential apartment building on the 3100 block of S.E. 10th St., in Portland.Ā Plaintiff was a tenant in that apartment building and had provided care for Wilson and his wife.Ā The trust named her as a beneficiary.
The trust provided that the individual beneficiaries had the right to continue to live in the apartments "for their natural lives":
"If [the individual beneficiaries] survive me, and are still currently renting from me or my trust, I direct my Trustee to continue renting to said individuals for their natural lives.Ā I care deeply for my longtime renters and direct my Trustee [to] allow them to reside at said residence for Two Hundred Dollars ($200.00) per month for their natural lives."
The trust directed the trustee to "pay all maintenance, repairs, taxes, liability and fire insurance from the principal and income" of the trust.Ā It also directed that, if needed, "[p]roceedings to seek instructions or court determinations shall be initiated in the appropriate state court having original jurisdiction of matters relating to the construction and administration of trusts."Ā
The trust provided that, upon Wilson's death, his personal property was to go to plaintiff, with the exception of a few designated items to be distributed to other individuals.ĀĀ One-third of the net value of the remaining trust property was to be held in a "Family Trust" for three beneficiaries, one of whom was plaintiff.Ā The remaining two-thirds of its net value was to be distributed to the Woodrow and Hazel Wilson Foundation, to be administered by a board of trustees consisting of the Lents Masonic Lodge, defendant Richard Hart, and Thomas Baier.
The trust provided for termination of the Family Trust "[u]pon the demise of the last remaining tenant * * *, or if said individuals should no longer choose to reside at said complex, said trust shall terminate and be distributed in its entirety to the WOODROW AND HAZEL WILSON FOUNDATION."Ā (Capitalization in original.)
The trust included an in terrorem, or "no contest," clause, stating that, "if any beneficiary * * * should contest any dispositive provision herein either by threat to or actually filing a claim to contest any provision of this Trust in any court, the inheritance provided herein to that party shall be reduced to $1.00 cash and no other property."Ā Defendant was named as trustee of the trust, and plaintiff was successor trustee.
Wilson died in August 1995, and it is undisputed that the two other beneficiaries of the Family Trust are also now deceased.Ā At the time of Wilson's death, plaintiff continued to possess the apartment described in the trust.Ā In August 1998, defendant required plaintiff to sign a written rental agreement providing that the lease would terminate on the "[e]arlier of the date tenant vacates the premises or the tenant's death."Ā The lease further provided that the premises would not be occupied by any other person.
In 2004, plaintiff accepted a job as an office manager in Denver, Colorado.Ā Meanwhile, plaintiff's mother lived in the apartment owned by the trust.Ā In July 2004, defendant--having not seen plaintiff at the apartment for an extended period of time--notified plaintiff that she had breached the rental agreement by vacating the premises and allowing her mother and/or others to occupy it.Ā Defendant gave plaintiff 30 days' written notice of termination.Ā In August 2004, defendant filed a statutory FED proceeding, see ORS 105.105 to 105.168, seeking to recover possession of the premises, asserting that plaintiff had vacated the premises and that plaintiff's right to possession of the apartment had therefore terminated.
Plaintiff denied that she was no longer living on the premises.Ā She contended that her departure from the premises was only temporary and that, under the trust agreement, she had the right to remain in the apartment.Ā After a hearing, and having considered the terms of the rental agreement and the trust, the FED court found that defendant had "made out a prima facie case that [plaintiff] appears to have vacated and has chosen not to live" on the premises, and that plaintiff had failed to put on adequate evidence explaining long absences from the premises.Ā The court issued a judgment of eviction ordering plaintiff to vacate the premises.Ā Plaintiff appealed the judgment, which this court affirmed without opinion.Ā Hart v. Schmidt, 205 Or App 182, 134 P3d 172 (2006).
In 2007, plaintiff initiated this action, alleging three claims arising out of the above-described events.Ā The first two claims, against defendant, were for breach of the trust agreement and breach of fiduciary duty.Ā The third claim was against the foundation and the Masonic Lodge for participating and acquiescing in and receiving the benefits of what plaintiff describes as defendant's misconduct.Ā Plaintiff alleged that defendant breached the trust agreement as well as his fiduciary duty to plaintiff by, among other things, bringing the FED action, refusing to provide an accounting or access to trust accounts, and refusing to pay plaintiff her share of trust assets.Ā Plaintiff sought the removal of defendant as trustee, the appointment of a new fiduciary, an accounting, an order restoring her to the premises, the imposition of a constructive trust, a declaratory judgment setting forth the rights and duties of the parties in accordance with the terms of the trust, economic and noneconomic damages, and attorney fees and costs.
Plaintiff filed a motion for partial summary judgment, asserting that defendant, in evicting plaintiff without investigating whether she had chosen to continue to live in the apartment, breached his fiduciary duty as a matter of law and committed a breach of trust in failing to abide by the terms of the trust.Ā The court denied plaintiff's motion, explaining that the motion "doesn't contain something I can decide as a matter of law."
Defendant also filed a motion for summary judgment.Ā With respect to the allegations relating to defendant's initiation of the FED proceeding, defendant asserted that the FED court's finding that plaintiff had chosen to vacate the premises was preclusive, because, as a consequence of having vacated the premises, plaintiff was no longer a beneficiary of the trust.Ā With respect to plaintiff's other allegations of misconduct, defendant asserted that they failed by reason of the statute of limitations, laches, and the absence of a triable question of fact.
The court granted defendant's motion, explaining:
"There is no genuine issue of material fact left to determine in a trial on this matter.Ā In the paragraphs below are two brief observations regarding the legal effect of the FED action and appellant's beneficiary status.Ā These observations are in no way intended as a comprehensive review of all issues raised by the parties but are central to the ruling herein.
"Viewing [the trust] as a whole, [plaintiff's] benefit from the Trust is her right to continue to reside at a set rental rate each month at property owned by the Trust.Ā This right continues until her death or until she 'should no longer choose to reside at the complex.'Ā These parties fully litigated the issue of [plaintiff's] choice to vacate the complex in an FED action in September 2004.Ā The parties had a full, fair opportunity to litigate that factual issue in a court of record where each party knew the operative fact upon which the Court's decision would turn was whether or not [plaintiff] had chosen to reside elsewhere.
"Ultimately the FED court weighed the evidence presented by both parties and resolved that factual issue in favor of [defendant].Ā * * *Ā The FED court restored the premises to the Trust.Ā [Plaintiff] appealed, but did not prevail at the appellate level.
"As the Trustee's duty is to administer the Trust in accordance with the terms of the Trust, he had an obligation to seek determination of [plaintiff's] residential status.Ā He did so.Ā Once the Trustee prevailed on the issue of [plaintiff's] residential status, her right to receive a benefit from the Trust ended.Ā Further, the Trustee fulfilled his obligation to the Trust by clarifying [plaintiff's] status as a beneficiary.Ā [Plaintiff] is not entitled to compensation from the Trustee or the Trust for an action taken to clarify her status within the meaning of the Trust.Ā This is true, frankly, because the Trustee's assertion was correct and validated by the factual findings of the FED court."
Thus, the trial court reasoned, by virtue of the FED court's determination that plaintiff had chosen not to live on the premises, plaintiff's interest in the family trust had terminated.Ā Further, the trial court reasoned, in seeking a determination of plaintiff's residential status through an FED proceeding, defendant, as trustee, had fulfilled his obligation to the trust.Ā Finally, the court concluded, in light of the outcome of that proceeding--the FED court's determination that plaintiff had chosen no longer to live on the premises--plaintiff was not entitled to be compensated on her claims arising out of defendant's filing of the FED proceeding.
On appeal, plaintiff contends that the trial court erred in granting defendant's motion for summary judgment and in denying her own motion.Ā She asserts that her rights under the trust agreement are separate from her interest as a tenant under the rental agreement and that her rights as a beneficiary of the trust were not and could not have been fully litigated in the FED proceeding.Ā According to plaintiff, in light of the narrow scope of an FED proceeding, the FED court had authority to consider only issues arising out of the rental agreement and had no authority to determine plaintiff's right to possession under the trust.Ā Therefore, she contends, the court's factual determination in the FED proceeding with respect to plaintiff's right to possession under the rental agreement can have no preclusive effect with respect to her rights under the trust.Ā Plaintiff also asserts that defendant took the position in the FED proceeding that the FED court lacked authority to decide plaintiff's right to possession under the trust and should therefore be judicially estopped from asserting a contrary position in this proceeding.Ā We consider and reject each of plaintiff's contentions.
We begin with plaintiff's argument that judicial estoppel precludes defendant from relying on the FED court's decision.Ā The trial court's ruling in this case was based primarily on its determination that the doctrine of issue preclusion bars relitigation of the question whether plaintiff chose to no longer live on the premises and its conclusion that the FED court's decision on that issue is dispositive of plaintiff's allegations relating to defendant's conduct in bringing the FED proceeding.Ā Plaintiff asserts that defendant should be judicially estopped from asserting the defense of issue preclusion, because, in plaintiff's view, he is taking a position in this proceeding concerning the authority of the FED court that is inconsistent with the position he took in that proceeding.
The equitable doctrine of judicial estoppel may preclude a party from taking a position in one judicial proceeding that is inconsistent with the position that the same party successfully asserted in a different judicial proceeding.Ā Hampton Tree Farms, Inc. v. Jewett, 320 Or 599, 609, 892 P2d 683 (1995).Ā In this case, however, defendant's position has not changed.Ā In the FED proceeding, defendant contended that plaintiff was not entitled to possession of the premises under the rental agreement or the trust.Ā Contrary to plaintiff's argument, the record shows that, although defendant advised the FED court that it could not consider any of plaintiff's own claims under the trust, defendant never contended that the FED court could not consider plaintiff's defense that she retained the right to possession under the trust.Ā In fact, the FED court did consider the terms of the trust in determining plaintiff's right to possession.Ā In this case, defendant takes the position that the FED court's findings with regard to plaintiff's right to possession are dispositive of plaintiff's claim.Ā The positions are not inconsistent.
We turn to plaintiff's contention that the trial court erred in giving the FED court's decision preclusive effect.Ā The doctrine of issue preclusion may bar relitigation of an issue decided in a prior proceeding if (1) the issue in the two proceedings is identical; (2) the issue was actually litigated and essential to a final decision on the merits in the prior proceeding; (3) the party sought to be precluded had a full and fair opportunity to be heard on the issue; (4) the party sought to be precluded was a party or in privity with a party to the prior proceeding; and (5) the prior proceeding is the type of proceeding to which courts will give preclusive effect.Ā Nelson v. Emerald People's Utility Dist., 318 Or 99, 104, 862 P2d 1293 (1993).Ā In this case, plaintiff contends that the trial court erred in giving preclusive effect to the FED court's decision because the issue in the FED proceeding was different from the issues in this case.Ā According to plaintiff, "the rental agreement controlled the FED action, and the Trust controls the present action."Ā In plaintiff's view, her rights under the trust were not relevant to the FED proceeding, much less actually litigated in that proceeding.Ā
Plaintiff's argument in this case cannot be reconciled with her arguments in the FED case, however.Ā In the FED case, it was plaintiff who asserted her continuing interest under the trust as the basis for her right to continue occupying the premises.Ā After a full hearing on that very issue, the FED court concluded that, because plaintiff had vacated the premises and had chosen no longer to live there, any right to possession that she may once have had under the trust no longer existed.Ā This court upheld that determination.Ā A circuit court's findings in the context of an FED proceeding are entitled to preclusive effect.Ā Carter v. Ricker, 241 Or 342, 345, 405 P2d 854 (1965).Ā We conclude, therefore, as did the trial court, that the FED court's findings are entitled to preclusive effect.
At oral argument--and not in her brief--plaintiff offered an additional argument that the determination of the FED court is no impediment to plaintiff's current claims.Ā In essence, plaintiff contends, the trust itself provides that an FED proceeding was not the appropriate forum for litigating plaintiff's interests under the trust and, as a result, can have no preclusive effect with respect to her claims under the trust.Ā Plaintiff points out that the trust provides that "[p]roceedings to seek instructions or court determinations shall be initiated in the appropriate state court having original jurisdiction of matters relating to the construction and administration of trust."Ā In plaintiff's view, only a court with "original jurisdiction" to interpret and administer the trust had authority to determine plaintiff's interest.Ā Plaintiff contends that, because the circuit court, sitting in an FED proceeding, is limited to considering the issue of the right to possession in the context of the residential landlord-tenant law, it is not "the appropriate state court having original jurisdiction of matters relating to the construction and administration of trust," and for that reason, plaintiff's right to possession under the trust could not be determined in an FED proceeding.Ā
Contrary to plaintiff's contention, however, the unambiguous terms of the trust show that plaintiff's beneficial interest was in the nature of a tenancy.Ā The Multnomah County Circuit Court was the appropriate court to determine plaintiff's continued right to possession of the premises, and we conclude that the court had authority in an FED proceeding to interpret the provisions of the trust for the purpose of determining whether plaintiff had a right to possession.
It is true, as plaintiff contends, that an FED proceeding is limited to the determination of the right to possession of premises in the context of a landlord-tenant relationship, ORS 105.105 to 105.168; Class v. Carter, 293 Or 147, 150, 645 P2d 536 (1982); and that a tenant's right to assert counterclaims is limited, ORS 105.132.Ā However, plaintiff was entitled in the FED proceeding to present defenses that related to her right to possession.Ā Fry v. D. H. Overmyer Co., Inc., 269 Or 281, 303, 525 P2d 140 (1974).Ā And she did just that, contending that she had a right to possession under the trust.Ā Thus, although plaintiff's own claims under the trust (for removal of defendant as trustee, for an accounting, for the imposition of a constructive trust, and the like) could not be litigated in the FED proceeding, her defense that the trust gave her a right to possession was an issue that the FED court had before it and had authority to determine in the context of determining plaintiff's right to possession of the premises.
There remains a final issue to address, namely, the scope of the preclusive effect of the FED court's findings.Ā Plaintiff contends that, regardless of whether she is entitled to continued possession of the apartment, she remains entitled to relief on other claims under the trust, specifically to a distribution of assets from the Family Trust.
Resolution of that question turns on an interpretation of the trust agreement.Ā In construing the trust, our goal is to determine and give effect to the intent of the trustor, if possible.Ā ORS 42.240 ("In the construction of an instrument the intention of the parties is to be pursued if possible[.]"); Howard v. Howard, 211 Or App 557, 562, 156 P3d 89 (2007).Ā
In this case, as we have noted, the trust did provide that, upon Wilson's death, plaintiff became a beneficiary of the Family Trust, which consists of one-third of the net value of the estate.Ā The trust, however, also provides that, "[u]pon the demise of the last remaining tenant * * * or if said individuals should no longer choose to reside at said complex," the trust terminates and the property is to be distributed to the Woodrow and Hazel Wilson Foundation.Ā The FED court determined that plaintiff no longer chose to reside at the apartment.Ā At the point that plaintiff made that choice, the Family Trust terminated, and the trust property went to the Woodrow and Hazel Wilson Foundation.Ā Plaintiff has no beneficial interest in a distribution of assets of the Family Trust.
Finally, plaintiff contends that the FED court's determination of her right to possession, even if based on a consideration of the provisions of the trust, is not dispositive of plaintiff's claims, because, apart from the ultimate outcome of the FED proceeding, questions of fact exist as to whether defendant's decision to pursue plaintiff's eviction was a violation of his fiduciary duty or a breach of the trust.Ā In light of our conclusion that, under the trust agreement, plaintiff's sole beneficial interest was to occupy the premises until she should choose not to, we agree with the trial court that the FED court's finding that plaintiff chose to no longer occupy the premises is dispositive of her claims.
We reject without discussion plaintiff's remaining assignments of error.
1. Plaintiff's complaint also named as defendants the Woodrow and Hazel Wilson Foundation and the Lents Masonic Lodge No. 156 A. F. and A. M.Ā However, they do not appear on this appeal.
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Doyenz is offering an active disaster recovery service in the cloud aimed at recovering a small or medium-sized business in a matter of minutes.
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"Once the production image is in the cloud, you can provide a variety of functions in the cloud," said CEO Asutosh Tiwary in an interview.
Low-cost disaster recovery is the lead service that his firm is offering as part of what it calls "the Doyenz ShadowCloud."
In the past, Doyenz has been a Bellevue, Wash., managed service provider, offering expert IT management of customers' computing in its facilities. It's dubbed the third version of its managed service platform as the Shadow Cloud because it can be standing by as a mirror image of a business' production environment that's operated off-premises, said Tiwary.
Doyenz gives small and medium businesses a simple way to upload a copy of their production environment. An agent is loaded onto each data center server; it uploads the server's production image and configurations to a Doyenz data center.
Any changes to the server are uploaded at regular intervals. A copy of the production environment is stored, ready to run upon demand from the customer. If a server or servers fail in a customer's data center, replacements can be started quickly in the cloud, he said.
Tiwary expects the main way Doyenz will offer the ShadowCoud is through value added resellers and system integrators who have direct contact with small and medium businesses.
"If you need to deploy a new application, you can do it in a shadow environment in the cloud," he said. This spares production systems from exposure to an application fault that might bring operations to a halt. If a new application works in a company's mirror image in the ShadowCloud, then it's more likely to integrate smoothly into its production environment.
Tiwary said the cloud services can be applied to both physical and virtualized resources in small business data centers. Doyenz supports VMware's vSphere 4 virtualization infrastructure based on the ESX hypervisor. He said support for Microsoft's Hyper-V will be added in the future.
In addition to running backup and recovery virtual machines in the cloud, the shadow copies can be downloaded from the Doyenz data center to a customer's premises to restart servers there, he noted.
"This is enterprise-grade disaster recovery at one tenth the cost of physical facilities," he said. Pricing will depend on how a VAR or system integrator chooses to present the service. Tiwary suggested pricing in the range of $.75 per gigabyte of production system image per month, but VARs will be required to pay Doyenz a minimum of $750 per month. In most cases that would mean a single VAR would front the services for multiple small business customers.
InformationWeek has published an in-depth report on the public cloud, digging into the gritty details of cloud computing services from a dozen vendors. Download the report here (registration required).


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On Sat, Nov 02, 2002 at 12:33:12PM -0600, Debian Bug Tracking System wrote: > Processing commands for email@example.com: > > > severity 143825 serious > Bug#143825: xutils: why is rstart.real a conffile? > Severity set to `serious'. Is it your intention not to let XFree86 4.2.1-3 propagate into testing until I fix this bug? -- G. Branden Robinson | Communism is just one step on the Debian GNU/Linux | long road from capitalism to firstname.lastname@example.com | capitalism. http://people.debian.org/~branden/ | -- Russian saying
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This is no wild imagination but a real possibility - Microsoft has big plans to irritate and even embarrass users who have installed pirated Windows XP on their computers.
As part of the WGA program, Microsoft has developed a Windows Genuine Advantage Notifications software that notifies you through annonying pop-up messages if your copy of Windows is not genuine (see screenshots)
Following download and installation of the "Windows Genuine Advantage Notifications" tool, users of a pirated copy will see alerts at startup, login and during their use of the operating system.
The WGA Notifications patch is installed if the user has opted to automatically update Windows via the Windows Update Website or if a XP users manually downloads the latest Windows updates.
The frequency of the notification messages is determined at installation time. The notification messages continue to be displayed until the non-genuine copy of Windows has been validated as genuine. The piracy alerts can be suppressed by right-clicking on them when they appear during the running of Windows.
When you log on to a non-genuine copy of Windows XP, you receive the following logon notification error message:
Logon notification
It appears that you could be a victim of software piracy. The copy of Windows installed on this computer is not considered to be genuine by Microsoft.
The notification will continue to display until your computer is running genuine Microsoft Windows.
When you receive this message, you have the following two options:
• You can click Resolve now to start the Get genuine Windows process.
• You can click Remind me later. If you use this option, an icon will be available in the notification area that you can double-click to start the Get genuine Windows process.
Balloon notification
After you log on to a non-genuine copy of Windows XP, you receive a balloon notification message in the notification area that is specific to the validation failure. You can click the balloon notification or the notification area icon to open the Windows Genuine Advantage Validation Failure Web page.
This Web page gives you the specifics of the validation failure and the steps that you can take to make the operating system genuine.
Desktop banner text
If you use the Remind me later option, the following banner text appears on the locked desktop:
You might be the victim of software piracy.
The copy of Windows installed on this computer is not considered to be genuine by Microsoft.
Microsoft isn't pushing Windows Genuine Advantage Notifications out to all Windows users, but to a random subset. But it is only a matter of time before workarounds to byepass the WGA are released as it happened with previous WGA. The patch to remove WGA was released days after Microsoft enabled WGA on Windows Update Website.
WGA Notifications patch will be for users in United States, Britain, New Zealand, Australia and Malaysia.
More on Microsoft | CNet


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NFL Mock Draft 2013: Full First-Round Breakdown with TradesApril 11, 2013
Trades are always a big part of the NFL draft selection process. When a team identifies a player it really wants, trading up is often the only way to get him.
Conversely, there are always teams in the enviable position to trade down to acquire more draft picks. Value plays a huge role in the selection process, and not every team is presented with enough to make standing pat the best option.
This draft class stands out as one of the more puzzling in recent years. Tremendous depth defines it, but a lack of elite quarterbacks (and running backs to an extent) will likely force a lot of movement up and down the draft board. Trades will be plentiful.
Unfortunately, trades are extremely hard to predict. We don't know what teams have their eyes focused on which particular players, and there is certainly a lot of conjecture involved with predicting trades, especially weeks prior to the draft.
We'll give it a shot, though.
In this edition, we'll break down a couple trades that could easily take place on Day 1 and explain how they could impact the entire first round.
1. Kansas City Chiefs: Luke Joeckel, OT, Texas A&M
We probably won't see the Chiefs making a trade here, and not because of a can't-miss prospect. Luke Joeckel is an outstanding player, but he isn't a player for whom teams will bombard Kansas City with trade offers.
The fact of the matter is this: there isn't a player worth trading up for here. There isn't an Andrew Luck or Robert Griffin available in this class, and it's unlikely a team will want to give up enough to take the lead in the first round.
2. Jacksonville Jaguars: Dion Jordan, OLB, Oregon
Jacksonville has a ton of holes to fill this offseason, and David Caldwell will probably take a "best-player available" approach in addressing some of those needs. There is no shortage of quality pass-rushers in this draft class.
Dion Jordan is the most likely of those pass-rushers, given his versatility, elite athleticism and tremendous upside. He's the type of player Jacksonville needs to shore up an atrocious pass-rushing unit.
3. Oakland Raiders: Sharrif Floyd, DT, Florida
Reggie McKenzie has an uphill battle ahead of him. With plenty of positional needs and Oakland's recent track record of poor draft picks, the new general manager will have to make sure he cashes in on the talent at the top of the draft.
Sharrif Floyd isn't a flashy pick, but he has a ton of potential, especially as an interior pass-rusher in a 4-3 front. Defensive tackles are often safe selections, and McKenzie could do much worse with the third pick.
4. Philadelphia Eagles: Star Lotulelei, DT, Utah
The Eagles are switching to a 3-4 this year under defensive coordinator Billy Davis, and they need to add some pieces to make it a smooth transition.
Utah's Star Lotulelei is one of the best 2-gap defensive linemen in this draft class. With a solid anchor, big frame and the strength to eat up double-teams at either nose tackle or defensive end, Lotulelei would be an instant upgrade and immediate starter in Philadelphia's new defense.
5. Detroit Lions: Eric Fisher, OT, Central Michigan
Jeff Backus' retirement puts the Lions in a tough spot. Martin Mayhew has to find a left tackle to fill Backus' shoes and keep Matthew Stafford in his.
Eric Fisher is one of the most talented and athletic offensive linemen in this draft class. Adept in both run- and pass-blocking, Fisher could stand in from day one and lock down the left side of Detroit's offensive line for the foreseeable future.
*6. Miami Dolphins (From Cleveland): Lane Johnson, OT, Oklahoma
It's entirely possible a trade goes down before this pick, but this is the first extremely likely scenario to arise. Miami desperately needs a left tackle, and Lane Johnson is the last of the top-tier blindside protectors still on the board.
Cleveland is in a position to acquire more picks in this draft after forfeiting its second-round selection to draft Josh Gordon in last year's supplemental draft. Additionally, no player still on the board presents the necessary need/value mix to make staying at No. 6 the ideal option.
According to ESPN's Trade Value Chart, Miami could surrender picks No. 12 and No. 42 in exchange for No. 6 and Cleveland's fourth-round selection (No. 104) to make this an even trade. The Browns would be giving up 1,686 value points in exchange for 1,680 value points.
Granted, a lot of conjecture is involved in projecting a trade like this, but all the components make sense. There may not be a more logical trade in the entire first round.
7. Arizona Cardinals: Chance Warmack, OG, Alabama
Arizona would love for Johnson to be available here, which is why teams with the left tackle on their radar might try to jump the Cardinals to select him. If they stand pat, Alabama's Chance Warmack would be a good consolation prize.
Guards aren't typically coveted in the top 10 picks, but Warmack is one of the most talented at the position in recent years. A mauler in the run game and serviceable pass-blocker from either guard position, Warmack gives the Cardinals a player around which they can build a stronger offensive line.
8. Buffalo Bills: Geno Smith, QB, West Virginia
The top of this draft will also be a prime location for teams looking for a new signal-caller. If the price is right, don't be surprised to see a team trade above Buffalo to take Geno Smith.
While he doesn't have the elite talent of Luck or Griffin of a year ago, Smith has the athleticism and quality arm to be a good NFL quarterback. He's the most polarizing prospect in this draft class, but there's no denying the attention he will garner from teams in need of a quarterback.
9. New York Jets: Jarvis Jones, OLB, Georgia
The Jets have several position needs, including wide receiver, tight end and outside linebacker. Given the value this pick presents, it makes a lot of sense.
Georgia's Jarvis Jones is the best all-around outside linebacker in this draft. He isn't particularly fast, but he's a tremendous speed-rusher and is adept against both the run and the pass. A terrific fit in an open 3-4 front, Jones could have a bright future in New York.
10. Tennessee Titans: Dee Milliner, CB, Alabama
If Dee Milliner falls past Philadelphia and Cleveland does in fact trade out of the top 10, there's a chance he makes it to Tennessee at No. 10.
The Titans could certainly use a quality cornerback to bolster a secondary that finished No. 26 against the pass in 2012.
11. San Diego Chargers: Jonathan Cooper, OG, North Carolina
The Chargers are desperate for quality offensive linemen. With the top three offensive tackles already off the board, they may choose to add the best available lineman in Jonathan Cooper.
Cooper has the versatility to play any of the three interior offensive line positions and give San Diego an immense talent who can defend the A-gap and keep Philip Rivers on his feet.
*12. Cleveland Browns (From Miami): Ezekiel Ansah, DE/OLB, BYU
After trading No. 6 to the Dolphins in this scenario, the Browns can take advantage of added value here at No. 12. Pass-rushers are no longer a dire need, but Cleveland could still use another to pair with Paul Kruger and Jabaal Sheard.
Ezekiel Ansah has a lot of room to develop, but this will be a good situation for him. The BYU product won't have to be an immediate full-time pass-rusher in the Browns' 3-4 front, giving him time to better learn the game and reach his tremendous potential.
13. Tampa Bay Buccaneers: Xavier Rhodes, CB, Florida State
This is one of the best scenarios Tampa Bay could hope to face. The Buccaneers finished dead last against the pass last season, and adding a top-tier cornerback to bolster that unit will be a primary focus in the draft.
14. Carolina Panthers: Tavon Austin, WR, West Virginia
Tavon Austin's stock has been skyrocketing in the last few months, and it seems he may not make it out of the top 15 picks. An elite athlete and electric offensive playmaker, the West Virginia product would be an excellent complement to Steve Smith, and he would give Cam Newton another quality weapon in the passing game.
15. New Orleans Saints: Barkevious Mingo, OLB, LSU
New Orleans needs to find more pass-rushers this offseason. With Rob Ryan assuming the defensive coordinator role in 2013, fast, attacking outside linebackers will be a necessity.
Barkevious Mingo is among the best athletes available this year. He's still raw and will have to transition to outside linebacker (after playing defensive end at LSU), but his speed, quickness and instincts will allow for a smooth adjustment period.
16. St. Louis Rams: Cordarrelle Patterson, WR, Tennessee
Sam Bradford hasn't had much with which to work since the Rams selected him with the first pick in the 2010 draft. If he is to succeed at the NFL level, he'll need some quality targets.
Cordarrelle Patterson needs to hone his route-running skills and general football IQ, but he has tremendous potential as an NFL receiver. With terrific size and top-end straight-line speed, Patterson can be a game-changer at the next level.
17. Pittsburgh Steelers: Kenny Vaccaro, S, Texas
The Steelers haven't lost many starters on the defensive side of the ball this offseason, but they are without a considerable amount of depth at several key positions.
Ryan Mundy and Will Allen left in free agency, leaving little depth behind the injury-prone Troy Polamalu and Ryan Clark. Texas' Kenny Vaccaro would add plenty of depth, and he has the potential to be a top-tier starter in the near future.
18. Dallas Cowboys: D.J. Fluker, OT, Alabama
The Cowboys will be focusing on their defensive front seven and offensive line in this draft. While there are several quality defensive ends and linebackers still available, they can't afford to pass on D.J. Fluker.
Dallas fielded one of the worst offensive lines in the league last season. Getting a player who can line up at either guard or right tackle will go a long way toward shoring it up this year.
19. New York Giants: Sheldon Richardson, DT, Missouri
Defensive end is a popular projection here, but New York also needs to get tougher on the interior of its defensive line. Value and need line up here in the form of Missouri's Sheldon Richardson, who would be a great fit next to Jason Pierre-Paul in New York's four-man front.
*20. San Francisco 49ers (From Chicago): Jonathan Cyprien, S, Florida International
Trade No. 2 in the first round isn't as predictable as the first, but there's some logic behind the reasoning.
With 14 picks in this draft, San Francisco has the ammunition to move up and down the draft board for the players it has targeted in this draft. There's a very good chance Jonathan Cyprien is on that list, and he probably won't get past Cincinnati and St. Louis at No. 21 and No. 22.
Conversely, the Bears could stand to add another selection or two and still get a player they want later in the round. The NFL draft is sometimes a numbers game, and Chicago could be the beneficiary of some added opportunities.
In keeping with the Trade Value Chart, Chicago could give up No. 20 and No. 153 (a total of 880.2 points) for No. 31 and No. 61. (892 points) to make the trade work, and it would benefit both teams.
21. Cincinnati Bengals: Menelik Watson, OT, Florida State
The Bengals would probably like for Fluker to still be on the board here, but Menelik Watson isn't a bad alternative. Predominantly a right tackle at Florida State, Watson would fill a void at left tackle should Andre Smith not re-sign with the team this offseason.
22. St. Louis Rams (from Washington): Arthur Brown, ILB, Kansas State
The Rams already got their receiver, meaning a defensive pick here is a good possibility. With a talented linebacker like Arthur Browns still on the board, St. Louis can get tremendous value here.
James Laurinaitis has the middle linebacker position locked up, but Brown's size, speed and versatility make him an ideal candidate to move to the strong-side linebacker position in St. Louis' 4-3 front. The pair would make a tremendous linebacker duo.
23. Minnesota Vikings: DeAndre Hopkins, WR, Clemson
Adding Greg Jennings in free agency was a huge boost after trading Percy Harvin, but the Vikings still need another quality receiving option. Clemson's DeAndre Hopkins would be a great complement as a possession receiver with additional upside.
24. Indianapolis Colts: Desmond Trufant, CB, Washington
Desmond Trufant may not fall this far, but trades at the top of the round shook things up. If a team in the top 15 doesn't select him, the Washington product may slip into the mid-20s.
Indianapolis could certainly use a quality cornerback to play opposite Darius Butler, especially after the disappointing effort of Vontae Davis in 2012. Need and value line up with this pick, and general manager Ryan Grigson will make it count.
25. Minnesota Vikings (from Seattle): Alec Ogletree, ILB, Georgia
With Minnesota's biggest need addressed, linebacker becomes a very real possibility with its second pick of the round. The Vikings need to get younger and more athletic at the position, and Alec Ogletree is a prime candidate to make that happen.
26. Green Bay Packers: Matt Elam, S, Florida
This is a hard selection to predict, despite several defensive needs for the Packers. Ted Thompson could easily go defensive end, safety or linebacker with this pick, but many of the top players at those positions are already off the board.
That said, Florida's Matt Elam could be a strong possibility. A tremendous hitter with enough speed and range to lock down the deep half of Green Bay's secondary, Elam would give the Packers plenty of value to justify this pick.
27. Houston Texans: Keenan Allen, WR, California
Much skepticism has surrounded Keenan Allen this offseason, but it isn't all justified. The California product isn't the fastest receiver in this draft class, but he has the route-running skills and solid hands to be an excellent possession receiver in the NFL. Houston could certainly use a quality option to pair with Andre Johnson.
28. Denver Broncos: Bjoern Werner, DE, Florida State
There may not be a first-round prospect in this draft with more a ambiguous draft stock. He has the pass-rushing ability and all-around talent to be a good NFL defensive end, but his upside is limited.
Still, Denver needs to replace Elvis Dumervil's production, and Werner would be a good option. A pure 4-3 defensive end with a nose for opposing quarterbacks, the Florida State product would fill one of Denver's few positional needs going forward.
29. New England Patriots: Justin Hunter, WR, Tennessee
New England still needs to work on bolstering its secondary, but the top safeties and corners are already off the board. If Trufant or Elam isn't available, look for the Patriots to turn their focus to the passing game.
The Patriots' interest in Pittsburgh's Emmanuel Sanders suggests they aren't done adding targets for Tom Brady. Justin Hunter can be the speedy outside receiver they have been missing in recent years, and, with his selection at the end of the first round, he would come at a cheap price.
30. Atlanta Falcons: Tank Carradine, DE, Florida State
Atlanta made a lot of surprising moves this offseason, including releasing standout defensive end John Abraham. Osi Umenyiora can fill his position, but the Falcons still need a strong pass-rusher to line up opposite him.
Florida State's Tank Carradine is one of the top pass-rushing 4-3 defensive ends in this class. An ACL tear last season damaged his draft stock, but it's unlikely he falls out of the first round.
*31. Chicago Bears (From San Francisco): Manti Te'o, ILB, Notre Dame
Manti Te'o is a polarizing prospect, but his draft-stock demise has been greatly exaggerated. The Notre Dame inside linebacker will likely find a home in the first round.
Considering Chicago's needs at middle linebacker (with the departure of Brian Urlacher), this pick would be a good solution. Kevin Minter could also be an option if Chicago does in fact focus on the middle linebacker position.
An added benefit of trading down with San Francisco is the value sure to be present at the end of the first round. Pass-catchers like Tyler Eifert and Robert Woods could easily be in play should Chicago choose to trade down to the bottom of the first round.
32. Baltimore Ravens: Jesse Williams, DT, Alabama
Linebacker and safety are more pressing needs, but Ozzie Newsome loves to take advantage of value in the early rounds of the draft. Alabama's Jesse Williams will be a valuable commodity in the latter half of the first round.
Williams played in a 3-4 front under Nick Saban at Alabama, and he has experience at both nose tackle and defensive end. Baltimore could certainly use an upgrade at defensive tackle, and the added depth wouldn't hurt, either.
The linebacker and safety positions are extremely deep this year's draft. The Ravens may not address their biggest needs in the first round, but plenty of options will be available on Day 2.
Best Players Still Available: Damontre Moore (DE, Texas A&M), Datone Jones (DE, UCLA), Eddie Lacy (RB, Alabama), Tyler Eifert (TE, Notre Dame), Sylvester Williams (DT, North Carolina), Robert Woods (WR, USC), Johnathan Hankins (DT, Ohio State), Johnthan Banks (CB, Mississippi State), Kevin Minter (ILB, LSU), Matt Barkley (QB, USC)


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Four years of reaching the Sac-Joaquin Section Masters golf tournament have paid off for Abbey McGrew. The Woodland Christian senior signed a letter of intent on Wednesday to play at Chico State next year.
McGrew follows in the footsteps of her sister Megan, who is a sophomore on the George Fox University women's golf team, as well as fellow Cardinals graduate Chelsa Helget-Robinson, who played four years at Sonoma State.
The amount of the senior's scholarship is not known, but Woodland Christian athletic director Jerry Miller attributed it to "both golf and academics."
McGrew's most recent trip to the Masters ended in disappointment, as she tied for the top Division V score but did not advance to statewide competition.
"I started off good, shot even on the back (nine) but messed up on the front (nine)," the senior said after the tournament, held at The Reserve at Spanos Park in Stockton. She was proud of one birdie, however, which she accomplished by moving to the green of the five-par 16th hole in two strokes.
Miller noted that on Wednesday, parents Mike and Wendy, grandparents Bob and Gloria and Cardinals administrator Justin Smith were among those in attendance as McGrew signed her letter.
For more local news and results, follow at


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Morning Movers: Whirlpool Gains on Big Earnings Beat; Coach Drops as Sales Fall Short
The market looks set to follow yesterday's example with stocks futures little changed this morning.
S&P 500 futures have ticked up 0.05%, while Dow Jones Industrial Average futures have risen 0.17%.
Discover Financial Services (DFS) has fallen 3.7% to $51.77 in pre-open trading after it reported$1.20 cents a share, missing forecasts for a $1.21, as the credit-card company more than doubled the cash earmarked to cover bad loans.
Forest Oil (FST) has dropped 3.5% to $5.28 after it was downgraded to Sell from Neutral at Goldman Sachs and to Underweight from Equal Weight at Morgan Stanley.
Coach (COH) has declined 2.1% to $53.05 after it beat earnings by a penny but fell short on revenue, as North American sales fell.
QEP Partners (QEP) has gained 5.8% to $32.05 after activist-investor Jana Partners reported owning 7.5% of the company in an SEC filing.
Whirlpool (WHR) has gained 5.4% to $138 after its adjusted earnings beat forecasts by 11 cents and the appliance manufacturer upped its own full-year guidance.


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