text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Mar 11, 2003
|Filing date
|May 26, 2001
|Priority date
|May 26, 2001
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Theodore Zale Schoenborn
|Original Assignee
|Intel Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (8), Non-Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (34), Classifications (24), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to packaging technology and more particularly packaging technology in the context of improving integrated circuit device performance.
2. Background
Computer systems typically include modules that communicate with a processor using a bus. One example of such a module is a memory module containing one or more integrated circuit memories. The bus is basically a transmission line that carries signals such as clock, time, data, control, and address signals between the processor, modules, and other bus devices. A popular type of integrated circuit memory is dynamic random access memory (DRAM). A typical configuration involves coupling a plurality of integrated circuit memories each comprising for example, 64 megabyte (Mb)/72 Mb, 128 Mb/144 Mb to 256 Mb and 352 Mb DRAM circuits on a memory module. The memory module is suitable for connection to a printed circuit board (PCB) such as a mother board containing an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC). In this context, a memory module may be suitable for use in a broad range of applications, including, but not limited to, computer memory, personal computers, and work stations.
The RIMM™ memory module designed by Rambus Inc. of Mountain View, Calif. consists of 128 Mb/144 Mb DRAM dies organized as eight (8) Mega words by 16 or 18 bits.
Such technology permits 600 Megahertz (MHz), 711 MHz, or 800 MHz transfer rates using conventional system and board design technologies. The modules are capable of sustained data transfers at 1.25 nanoseconds (ns) per two (2) bytes. The individual DRAM dies (RDRAM™ dies) are arranged in packages on the module and, in the case of multiple DRAM die packages, serially connected to an adjacent package.
Packaging technology of memory devices (e.g., DRAM memory devices) is typically described as one tape layer packaging. In a general sense, an integrated circuit contains a plurality of bond pads to address the various devices on the circuit (e.g., the various DRAM cells). Through packaging technology, the individual bond pads of an integrated circuit are coupled to corresponding bond pads, typically having a greater pitch, on a package. The bond pad pitch is then suitable for coupling to the module. The package thus acts as a transformer between the mechanical pitch of the integrated circuit and the mechanical pitch of the module. The package generally utilizes a single metal layer to transform the routing pitch between the die and package so that the pitch of the package corresponds to the module. The single metal layer routes to contact structures on the surface of the package, such as ball grid arrays (BGAs), suitable for coupling to the module. Bonding configurations between the integrated circuit and the module are typically classified as center-bonded where the die connections are in the center of the die and edge-bonded connections where the die connections are on the edge of the die.
Memory module manufacturers or designers may use the electrical parameters of the package (e.g., the parasitics of the package including the integrated circuit chip or die) as part of the electrical design of the module.
Performance evaluations of such designs are used to characterize and classify the capabilities (e.g., frequency capabilities) of the module. As the signal frequency is continually increased to speeds of 800 megatransfer or greater, the contribution of the package parasitics plays a larger role. For example, for a given transmission line, DRAM packages have a resistance, an inductance, and a capacitance. In performance simulations, these electrical parameters are generally considered ideal. However, factors such as the capacitance of a package trace attributable to die activity or signal patterns and trace to trace coupling can be significant in, for example, effecting the impedance and propagation velocity of a signal. Impedance to propagation velocity impact the timing margin of the signal as well as the voltage margin. Similarly, the inductance, due to, for example, inductive package trace coupling, may affect signal integrity, particularly affecting voltage margins. Thus, what is needed is an improved package and module configuration that minimizes die and package parasitics.
The features, aspects, and advantages of the invention will become more thoroughly apparent from the following detailed description, appended claims, and accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a plurality of modules coupled to a printed circuit board in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 shows a schematic top view of the structure of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a DRAM die coupled to a memory module in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 4 shows a schematic top view of a memory package in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 5 shows a cross-sectional view of a portion of a memory module with connections to a signal trace and a ground plane in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
An apparatus is disclosed. In the following paragraphs, a detailed description of an apparatus of a die and package substrate and a memory module is presented. The presentation is in the context of a memory package, particularly a DRAM die package. It is to be appreciated, that the apparatus described is not limited to DRAM memory or memory devices generally but may find broader application in packaging technologies of other devices.
In one embodiment, the apparatus includes an integrated circuit comprising a plurality of memory devices and signal circuitry coupled to the plurality of memory devices. A package substrate is coupled to the integrated circuit. The package substrate includes a first surface and a second surface. The second surface has a plurality of contact points coupled to the signal circuitry. The package substrate also includes an externally accessible reference signal line, including for example, a ground or power plane, disposed between the integrated circuit and the second surface.
In another embodiment, the apparatus includes a memory module comprising at least one memory package configured for electrically coupling to a bus on a system board. The at least one memory package includes an integrated circuit comprising a plurality of memory devices and a package substrate coupled to the integrated circuit. A surface of the package substrate includes a plurality of externally accessible contact points coupled to signaling circuitry of the integrated circuit and to the memory module. A reference signal line, including, for example, a ground or power plane, is disposed between the integrated circuit and the second surface.
In still another embodiment, the apparatus includes an integrated circuit comprising a plurality of devices (e.g., memory or other devices) and a package comprising a first surface coupled to the integrated circuit, a second surface having a plurality of externally accessible contact points coupled to the signal circuitry. The package also includes a continuous layer of conductive material coupled to a reference signal of the integrated circuit and disposed over an area of the second surface and electrically isolated from the contact points. An apparatus including a module and having at least one package comprising an integrated circuit and a package substrate having a continuous layer of conductive material, coupled to a reference signal of the integrated circuit, disposed over an area of a surface of the package is yet another embodiment.
A method is also disclosed. In one embodiment, the method includes routing a signal from a memory device on an integrated circuit in a package to a memory module, and returning the signal to a reference line (e.g., reference plane) in the package between the memory module and the integrated circuit. In another embodiment, the method includes tuning the electrical characteristics of a memory package using an electrical potential between contact points on the package and a reference signal line in the package.
FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic cross-sectional side view of a topology for a single-channel bus on a motherboard. FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic top view of the system of FIG. 1. Specifically, System 100 includes printed circuit board 110 such as a motherboard having master application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) 115 coupled thereto. ASIC 115 is, in one embodiment, a memory controller or memory controller hub (MCH). In other embodiments, ASIC 115 might be a direct memory access (DMA) controller, a graphics controller, a microprocessor, or some other type of intelligent controller. ASIC 115 is electrically coupled to bus 119 through signal lines 116 and 118 for, for example, clock, data, address, and control signals. Coupled to bus 119 of PCB 110 are a plurality of modules 125A, 125B, . . . , 125N coupled via a PCB socket connection. In one embodiment, modules 125A, 125B, . . . , 125N are memory modules having memory slaves, referring to module 125A, memory slaves 140A, 140B, 140C, 140D, 140E, 140F, 140G, and 140H, that represent DRAM die packages, specifically RDRAM packages designed by Rambus, Inc. of Mountain View, Calif. According to current technology, each memory module can be designed for one to 16 RDRAM™ devices. Alternatively, slaves 140A, 140B, . . . 140G may include other types of memory such as other types of DRAMS, static RAMs (SRAMs), video RAMs (VRAMs), or electrically programmable read-only memories (EPROMs).
It is appreciated that FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrates only those features necessary for an understanding of the invention. A person of skill in the art will understand the general layout, coupling, and functioning of a module such as a memory module to a bus on a PCB such as a motherboard. Accordingly, specific detail regarding, for example, signal routing or power, ground, clock and signal routing, is not presented in order not to obscure the invention.
Referring to FIG. 2, module 125A is a memory module, such as a RIMM™. In the case of a RIMM™ using RDRAM™ devices, signals, such as data signals, are transmitted from ASIC 115 along transmission line 145 to module 125A and its memory devices to module 125B and so on to module 125N in a serial fashion.
FIG. 3 illustrates a cross-section schematic view through line A—A of FIG. 2, specifically illustrating the coupling of RDRAM™ package 140A to memory module 125A. Referring to FIG. 3, there is shown die 150 comprising, for example, an integrated circuit that is for example a 128 Mb/144 Mb RDRAM™ circuit. On one side of die 150 are centrally-aligned contacts, for electrically coupling die 150 to a package through wire bonds 156A and 156C. It is to be appreciated that centrally-aligned contact packaging is one choice. RDRAM™ packaging also supports edge-aligned contacts, and the aspects of the invention presented herein are equally applicable to such packaging. FIG. 3 is representative of micro-BGA (μBGA) packaging. It is also to be appreciated that PBGA packaging represents one choice and that there are other types of packaging such as flip-chip bonding to a variety of substrate materials (e.g., ceramic, organic, etc.) for which the invention finds application.
Referring to FIG. 3, package 155 includes elastomeric layer 156 and tape layer 160. One surface of tape layer 160, in this embodiment, the surface adjacent integrated circuit 150, includes reference plane 170. In one embodiment, reference plane 170 is a ground plane in that, reference plane 170 includes a metal layer or signal line, coupled to ground. There may be one or multiple reference planes in package 155 depending on the application for such planes. The opposite surface of tape 160 includes conductive traces 165A, 165B, and 165C coupling contact pads 180A, 180B, and 180C, respectively to bond pads 153A, 153B, and 153C of die 150 through, in this example, wire bonds 156A, 156B, and 156C, respectively. Conductive traces 165A, 165B, and 165C are each one of, for example, power, ground, and signal traces. Techniques for forming a tape layer having signal traces on one side are known to those of skill in the art. Similar techniques may be used to locate a conductive reference plane (e.g., copper alloy) on the opposite surface of tape layer 160 (e.g., two sided tape).
Overlying externally accessible contact points 180A, 180B, and 180C of package 155 are contacts 190A, 190B, and 190C, such as solder balls of a BGA that are used to couple the package to module 125A.
FIG. 4 illustrates a top view of the surface of package 140A. In this example, package 140A is a center bonded package where die connection 153A and 153B are in the center of the die. FIG. 4 shows representative ground traces, e.g., trace 165A, signal traces, e.g., trace 165B, and representative VDD-analog (VDDa) traces, e.g., trace 165C, linking die connections to contact pads, e.g., contact pads 180A, 180B, and 180C, respectively.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, die connection 153A corresponds to a ground. Wire bond 156A connects die connection 153A to conductive trace 165A which routes to contact point 180A for mounting to memory module 125A. Conductive vias 192A and 195A couple conductive trace 165A and contact point 180A to ground. Techniques as known to those of skill in the art may be used to pattern and form conductive vias 192A and 195A to reference plane 170. Such techniques include, where necessary, the use of antipads adjacent a power or signal line to avoid grounding such lines. By coupling conductive trace 165A to reference plane 170 (e.g., at a point on the package adjacent die connection 153A) and contact point 180A to reference plane 170, conductive trace 165A is essentially shielded and the ground signal loop inductance is reduced with a smaller loop area.
In the case of reference plane 170 coupled to a ground, by routing along a conductive trace (e.g., conductive trace 165A) and coupling the trace and contact point to ground, the embodiment makes use of current routing schemes designed by, for example, memory module and DRAM package designers. In the case of a RIMM™ memory module, such designers generally contemplate a conductive trace for ground connections. In the absence of such constraints, however, in another embodiment, the conductive trace (e.g., conductive trace 165A) may be eliminated and contact point 180A may be coupled to reference plane 170 by way of a direct via to reference plane 170.
In another aspect of the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4, a conductive material (e.g., copper or aluminum alloy) is selectively introduced over the surface of package 140A (the surface having the conductive traces for coupling to a module). The selective introduction creates a mass, or flood 210. In one embodiment, flood 210 is continuous (e.g., no islands) and is coupled between power (e.g., VDD) contacts on package 140A and die 150. Referring to FIG. 4, VDD contact 153D is coupled (e.g., through a wire bond) to flood 210 and VDD contact 180D is coupled to flood 210. In this manner, flood 210 approximates a high frequency capacitor which tends to lower the package inductance by effectively decreasing the loop area for power delivery between die 150 and package 140A.
Flood 210 may be a metal tape layer appropriately etched to form openings about conductive routing traces (e.g., conductive trace 165A, 165B, 165C, etc.) to prevent shorting. Flood 210 may be coupled between power contacts on package 140A and die 150 using conductive vias.
FIG. 5 shows another cross-section of package 140A showing representative signal connections from die 150 to module 125A. In one example, a signal propagated from die 150 is transmitted by wire bond 156B to die connection 153B to trace 165B, to contact point 180B and to module 125A. A return signal, in this embodiment, travels from memory module 125A through conductive via 197 to reference plane 170 to ground. In a further embodiment, two signals may share the return path to reduce the number of contact points on module 125A and package 155. Such path sharing is employed in prior art memory modules, including the RIMM™ module and can be implemented in the context of this invention.
The addition of a reference plane 170 (e.g., ground plane) in a package such as DRAM die package 155 improves signal impedance, reduces trace-to-trace coupling, and reduces the inductance between signals. Each of these improvements is described in detail in the following paragraphs.
As noted above, for a given transmission line or package trace, DRAM devices have a resistance, an inductance, and a shunt capacitance. Mathematically, an impedance through a transmission line where DRAM devices load the line (e.g., an RDRAM channel as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4) may be represented as follows:
In Equation 1, LModuletrace refers to the inductance of a routed trace on the module; CModuletrace refers to the capacitance of a trace routed on the module; and Cpkg refers to the capacitance of a trace routed on the package and, to some extent, the capacitance from the DRAM die.
Signal velocity through the referenced section of the transmission line is also dependent on the capacitance of the package. In mathematical terms:
In designing high-performance DRAM modules, designers recognize the significance of the package capacitance. The capacitance of the package is significant enough that in general the capacitance drives the impedance down. Specifically, it is desirous to keep the capacitance constant from package trace to package trace so that signal velocities through a module channel will be consistent. Similarly, the trace-to-trace impedance should also be constant so that any reflections in the channel are similar and signal integrity is maintained as signals proceed through the module channel. One standard in RDRAM™ memory module design is that the capacitance of the package, considering both the capacitance attributable to a trace and the die, is within 60 femptofarads (fF) from trace to trace.
In simulating memory modules, module designers measure the capacitance of the traces of a package and tune the capacitance of the module so that the package capacitance between traces is within 60 fF. In order to do this, the designers reference the DRAM die surface as ground and calculate the capacitance of a trace relative to the die surface. The capacitance results from different voltage potentials between the trace and the die when the die is in a generally static state. Therefore, the package capacitance is tuned to be within the required capacitance variation when the die is static or idle.
Designating the die surface as a ground for the purpose of calculating and tuning the capacitance of a die package does not take into account that the potential at the die surface may not look like ground over time with an active die. Instead, it is typically more likely that there are and will be localized potential fields within the die caused by, for example, circuit switching and addressing of one of typically as many as six (6) interconnect layers within the die. In some instances, the surface of the die for potential purposes may look more like power than ground, resulting in a much lower capacitance. In short, when a die is active there is a strong likelihood of the potential wandering with the activity within the die. Accordingly, a capacitance tuned to a static die to be within 60 fF, for example, likely will not be within this range for an active die.
Potential wandering with die activity and thus, the package capacitance dynamically changing with activity within the die and signal patterns effects the timing margin of signals. In a memory module using source synchronous timing, a clock (e.g., a differential clock) is routed together with a data signal. Typically, it is desired that the clock signal and the data signal match. It is also desirous that the setup and hold of the data signal is maximized typically by sending the clock edge at the center of a data signal so that the correct logic values are seen before the clock edge. Such is the case, for example, when driving a WRITE to a DRAM device.
As described above, the capacitance of the package affects the signal velocity. Thus, a dynamically changing package capacitance can affect the timing margin, for example, minimizing setup and hold, or, in the worst case, clocking to the wrong data value.
As noted above, the package capacitance also affects the signal impedance. Such impedance affects the voltage margin between a reference voltage and the actual signal voltage. Thus, a dynamically changing capacitance can affect the impedance such that resolutions at a signal receiver between a reference voltage and a signal are interpreted incorrectly. For example, a reference voltage comparison might register a "0" for a "1" because the voltage signal was too weak.
As demonstrated above, the capacitance of the package contributes significantly to the timing margin and the voltage margin. Such contribution is not always accurately reflected when the surface of a package is used as a reference ground. According to an aspect of the invention, however, the package is provided with a ground plane (reference plane 170 in FIG. 3) that allows a true ground to be established as a potential reference. In this manner, the capacitance of the package may be tuned for a desired margin such as 60 fF, to improve the performance of the memory module. In other words, the impedance and velocity of signals through a module channel can approach similarity and the timing margins and voltage margins may be improved because die activity and wandering potential issues are reduced by referencing a ground plane rather than the die surface or ground.
In addition to the capacitance between a package trace and a die, there is also generally some trace-to-trace capacitance that will affect timing and voltage margins. Trace-to-trace capacitance relates to cross-coupling of traces seen where adjacent traces are switching. This is often referred to as even and odd mode coupling, with even mode referring to devices of a trace switching together (constant capacitance) and odd mode to devices of adjacent traces switching opposite one another (maximized capacitance). In general, in prior art simulations, cross-coupling of package traces is ignored as contributing to package capacitance. However, as described above, in an active device, cross-coupling capacitance can be significant. Therefore, in another aspect of the invention, the cross-coupling capacitance is reduced.
Referring to FIG. 3, the trace-to-trace capacitance is that capacitance measured between bond pad 180A and bond pad 180B, represented as the capacitance across distance D. Experimental studies of current technology packages indicate that increasing the spacing between contact points 180A and 180B (i.e., increasing spacing between traces) minimizes the cross-coupling capacitance. Ideally, the distance D should be three times the height between a trace and a non-ideal reference plane such as the die surface. However, as design rules advance, the spacing limits are continually pushed to smaller and smaller device pitches. Thus, designers are limited by their ability to adequately space traces to avoid cross-coupling. It is to be appreciated that it is generally left to the designers to determine how much cross-coupling the design can tolerate.
One way to reduce the significance of coupling is by adding a reference plane, such as a ground plane, to the die package. Referring to FIG. 3, where a non-ideal reference plane is the surface of the die, a distance between the trace and the non-ideal reference plane, H1, is much greater than the distance between the same trace and package reference plane 170, H2. Thus, an ideal spacing between traces, D, of three times the distance between the trace and the reference plane may be achieved with tighter pitch constraints where a reference plane is added in the package (e.g., reference plane 170). Adding a reference plane allows the capacitance between the trace and the reference plane to dominate the cross-coupling capacitance.
In addition to the capacitance issues related to individual DRAM devices, notably the package capacitance as discussed above, cumulative velocity and impedance variations due to a fluctuating capacitance as signals travel from device to device. As noted above, in the RIMM™ technology, the individual DRAM die packages are arranged serially on the memory module. Referring to FIG. 2, a signal, typically many signals, e.g., 16-18 data signals, are transmitted from ASIC 140 (e.g., MCH) to module 125A to module 125B and so on to module 125N. Accordingly, data desired to be written or read in a DRAM die in module 125N proceeds through the preceding DRAM dies in a serial transmission. Impedance fluctuations between the various DRAM die packages can create signal reflections when the impedance encountered from one die package differs from the impedance encountered with a subsequent die package. In other words, impedance discontinuities on the device-to-device transmission lines will generate reflections. Ideally, if the transmission line impedance is matched throughout the module, there will be no reflections. However, when the impedances are not matched, the resulting reflections tend to degrade system performance. Thus, impedance mismatches lead to increased voltage margins and a downgrading of system performance. The capacitance of each die package, as explained above, plays an important role in matching package die impedance. Thus, the addition of a reference plane on the package improves impedance matching between package dies on memory module 120. It is to be appreciated that velocity is being effected in a similar fashion as can be seen by reference to Equation (2). Impedance and velocity mismatches as described above can be encountered on a line to line basis thus further compromising timing and voltage margins for source synchronous signaling such as in the RIMM™ technology.
Referring again to FIG. 2, as well as FIG. 4, as signals (e.g., data signals) propagate along transmission lines through the individual modules of DRAM die packages, for example in driving a READ at a selected DRAM die package, a signal forms an inductance loop with a ground at the die. According to current technology, particularly with a RIMM™ memory module, two signal lines share a transmission line loop to ground. Thus, a ground trace brings the signal current from two signal lines back to ground (e.g., current shares a return path). Such current path sharing results in inductive coupling. Inductive coupling creates even and odd mode inductance depending upon the shared signal. Such inductive coupling degrades the driven signal integrity as it couples noise, particularly on analog signals, such as Vref and analog power and ground signals. Ideally, separate field lines (e.g., separate ground lines) are desired but manufacturing issues such as the addition of more contact points preclude such configuration. By adding a ground plane to a die package, the reference loop is made smaller resulting in a reduced inductance (e.g., reduced inductive coupling) and improved signal integrity.
With prior art current source DRAM devices, including RDRAM™ devices designed by Rambus, Inc. having memory devices accessed by transistors, one objective is to operate the transistor at saturation from address start to finish. Thus, the transistor device is designed to look like a current source at saturation the entire time an individual DRAM device is addressed to avoid signal integrity problems. However, whenever a transistor device is turned on or off, immediately after (in the case of an on) or immediately before (in the case of an off), a weak signal may be driven that could cause the transistor to fall out of saturation. The weak signal can be attributed to the relative potential between the device and a signal ground. This problem is amplified in the case of modules where signals share a single ground as discussed above.
According to an aspect of the invention, a reference plane such as a ground plane is added in the package. Thus, the ground plane is localized which reduces the ground (loop) inductance to provide improved isolation of the individual devices. The improved isolation reduces the ground bounce attributable to device sharing of a ground.
In the preceding detailed description, the invention is described with reference to specific embodiments thereof. It will, however, be evident that various modifications and changes may be made thereto without departing from the broader spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the claims. The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense.
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|Theodore Zale Schoenborn
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|Jun 21, 2005
|Intel Corporation
|Reference plane of integrated circuit packages
|Jun 2, 2003
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|Selective reference plane bridge(s) on folded package
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|Feb 2, 2010
|Entorian Technologies, Lp
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|Staktek Group, L.P.
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|Jan 23, 2007
|May 24, 2007
|Staktek Group L.P., A Texas Limited Partnership
|Low Profile Stacking System and Method
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|Staktek Group L.P., A Texas Limited Partnership
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|High density memory card system and method
|Jul 7, 2006
|Jul 12, 2007
|Leland Szewerenko
|Managed memory component
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|James Douglas Wehrly
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|Leaded package integrated circuit stacking
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|Staktek Group, L.P.
|Perimeter stacking system and method
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|Stacked Modules and Method
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|Stacked Modules and Method
|Mar 6, 2007
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|Stackable Micropackages and Stacked Modules
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|Stacked Modules and Method
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|U.S. Classification
|365/51, 365/63
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Nov 30, 2000
Owner name: INTEL CORPORATION, CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SCHOENBORN, THEODORE ZALE;REEL/FRAME:011426/0486
Effective date: 20001120
|Sep 8, 2006
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Sep 9, 2010
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Aug 20, 2014
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


text:
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words // Luis Sanchez
Accidentally put into production prior to last year's release of the 'Photo Blue' Air Jordan 9 Retro, the Jordan Brand will now be releasing the 'Black Bottom' pairs we were never supposed to see.
The all new Air Jordan 9 Retro sports a full leather upper in black with photo blue handling the eyelets and contrast stitching just like last year's release version. Setting them apart is a black outsole sitting below, creating a look somewhat similar to the original Penny Hardaway AJ 9 PE.
The 'Black Bottom' Air Jordan 9 Retro will be available at a reduced price of $130, and is set to release Thursday, May 9th at 7PM EST on NikeStore.


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" Address: Holywood / Co.Down / N.Ireland "
Ned's bar in Holywood is named after one of the former proprietors (of which there have only ever been three in the bar's history), Ned Carty who acquired the pub in 1967 and the pub is still owned by the Carty family. It is also known as the Maypole Bar, due to the big ships mast stuck in the ground in the middle of the road outside! This dates back to when a ship ran aground nearby and as a debt of gratitude to the people of Holywood who showed great generosity and chartiy to the survivors the maypole was given to the town as a gift.
Ned's is right smack bang in the middle of Holywood, on the High Street, beside the Maypole!
Ned's was first licensed in 1857 and would certainly be rightly described as having a certain 'je ne sais quoi'. I imagine that Ned's is not to everyones taste. For starters there is no music. This is because one of the 'rules' in Ned's is the art of conversation and music would only distract from the conversation.
Mobile phones are also banned, as again, they intrude into people trying to enjoy a nice pint.
And it is the nice pint that makes Ned's so worthwhile. Their Guinness is brilliant, a great pint, very creamy and tasy.
It is always busy at the weekend and the banter and craic are second to none. There is always good humour and laughs to be had and you could be sitting beside the local road sweeper to your left and one of Holywood's millionaires to your right, but everyone is treated the same way!
It is hard to explain just what makes Ned's so good and although that may seem like a cop out in a review it is difficult. Normally you would walk into a pub like this and quickly turn round and walk out. The walls and ceilings are still yellow from the days before the smoking ban and it is not the most elegant of pubs. But it definitely has that homely feel to it, that makes people keep coming back.
Word of warning - do not stack your glasses or put your feet on the tables - you will be barred! Another word of warning is probably not to linger too long in the toilets and I would not advise drying your hands on the towel in the gents- it looks like it has been there for years! But all part of the charm i suppose!
Pints are about £3.00.


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Maxwell happy at PSG
Maxwell has stated his intention to see out his contract at Paris Saint-Germain, but has admitted he could still finish his career in his native Brazil.
Picked up from Barcelona in January last year, Maxwell, 31, was one of PSG's most consistent performers in their run to the Ligue 1 title last season. Though the French champions are reportedly seeking to bring Lille's highly-rated left-back Lucas Digne to the Parc des Princes this summer, the move is viewed more as providing cover and an eventual successor to Maxwell rather than the France Under-20 international immediately usurping the Brazilian.
The former Ajax and Inter Milan defender told Globoesporte he certainly does not see himself leaving the French capital in the immediate future.
"My objective is to stay until the end of my contract in 2015," he said. "We'll see what comes along after that. I'll look at the offers."
Plucked from Cruzeiro by Ajax while still in his teens, Maxwell has slipped snugly into European football, and already speaks good French, unlike many of PSG's other cosmopolitan signings. However, despite having played in Europe for more than a decade, he admitted he could also be tempted to join Brazil's fast-improving domestic league.
"I've never ruled out a return to Brazil, even if I've never played there as a professional," he said. "I'm a supporter of Vasco da Gama. We'll see about that when the time comes."
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A fifteen-year-old Mexican American has experienced a series of tough breaks before finding himself completely on his own. He decides to try to keep his lack of a home a secret from his school while working hard and staying out of trouble.
Repeat eighth grader RD finds trouble when his grandfather dies and he covers it up to avoid foster care.
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YP F Lynch


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A judge denied the celebrity news website TMZ access to film a court hearing for Charlie Sheen's ex-wife Brooke Mueller on Jan. 23.
Mueller is appearing in a Colorado court on a felony charge of possession of cocaine with intent to distribute and a misdemeanor assault offense.
In her order, Pitkin County District Judge Gail Nichols wrote that a live courtroom feed from TMZ "would interfere with the rights of a party to a fair trial" and "would unduly detract from the solemnity, decorum and dignity of the court," according to The Aspen Times.
TMZ petitioned the court last month for access to Mueller's first court appearance.
Mueller, 34, was arrested in Aspen Colorado on Dec. 2 on charges of cocaine possession, according to Aspen police spokesperson Blair Weyer.
At 11:32 p.m. that night, police said they were on a "routine walk through" at the Belly Up club on Galena Street in Aspen.
They began talking to an unidentified woman who said that Mueller had assaulted her.
Police contacted Mueller just after midnight about a block away at the Escobar nightclub.
She was arrested and charged with third degree assault, along with felony possession of cocaine with intent to distribute, according to an Aspen Police press release.
The release did not give any further details on the circumstances of the alleged assault, and a police spokesperson did not immediately return messages to ABC News.
Mueller posted an $11,000 bond and was released.
Mueller has famously run into trouble in Aspen before.
On Christmas day in 2009, Mueller called 911 to report that Sheen had assaulted her.
"My husband had me with a knife. I was scared for my life and he threatened me," she told the dispatcher.
The couple, who have two young sons, later divorced.
Since then, Mueller has reportedly been in and out of drug rehab, even getting kicked off of a plane for erratic behavior.


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Material ethics
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Kerry Pitt
Senior Member
Join Date: Jul 2009
Location: Beaumont, Alberta
Posts: 722
Blog Entries:
Re: Material ethics
They don't club seals anymore they shoot them though that still sounds pretty heartless. Human's have become a natural population control in the seal population out east because it has been done for so many decades. Life is tough I know. Polar bears are still hunted but it is controlled and there are more now than there have been in a long time if not ever. I think what we need to look at is the source of exotic feathers, perhaps other things.
In my mind even though I love bears and hunt other things, as long as it is legal it is truly up to you as to where you stand and I am pretty sure everyone will respect anyone's right to set their own parameters. Good luck with your decision.
Each smallest act of kindness - even just words of hope when they are needed, the remembrance of a birthday, a compliment that engenders a smile - reverberates across great distances and spans of time, affecting lives unknown to the one whose generous spirit was the source of this good echo, because kindness is passed on and grows each time it's passed, until a simple courtesy becomes an act of selfless courage years later and far away.
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about LOS ANGELES HARBOR COLLEGE
Los Angeles Harbor College
Los Angeles Harbor College offers transfer and non-transfer degree programs.
Transfer degrees are essentially 2 + 2 programs where the student completes the requirements for an Associate's degree during the student's 2 years at the college, assuming there are no academic deficiencies, while also completing the equivalent of the first two years of a four-year Bachelor's degree program. Transferring credits to a Univeristy of California or California State University campusesis relatively simple given the articulation agreements that the college has with these other institutions.
The college is able to offer a wide range of transfer majors because the major area prerequisites in many majors are similar. For example, students planning to transer to a four-year Bachelor's degree program in, say, aeronautical, mechanical, or electrical engineering, would take most of the same lower division (year one and two) major area prerequisite courses, such as math and physics classes. Students would also take certain general education courses that are required for transfer such as English composition and U.S. history. After completing 60 transferable units in specified areas, students may transfer to four-year Bachelor degree programs as juniors (third year students).
The college also offers two-year programs such as those in Architecture, Business, Computer Applications and Office Technology, Electronics Technology, Computer Technology, and Nursing. Check our catalog for a complete list.
Situated on an eighty-acre campus adjacent to a public (Harbor Park) golf course, Los Angeles Harbor College is in the Wilmington secion of the City of Los Angeles twenty miles south of Downtown Los Angeles next to the Palos Verdes Peninsula. The campus, which is only minutes away from the Pacific Ocean and 30 to 40 minutes away from many of Southern California's tourist attractions, is served by public transportation and blessed by weather that is 10-15 degrees cooler in summer than most other parts of the City..
Campus facilities include brand new Student Services,Classroom, and Tech buildings; new football, soccer, and baseball playing fields; a wellness center, and soon-to-be-opened (Spring 2013) state-of-the-art Science complex and Library/Learning Resource Center.
Degrees/Programs Offered:
Associates of Arts, Associate of Science, 30-unit Career Certificates, Transfer Credit to four-year institutions.
10,700 students, 91 international students (Spring semester 2010).
The campus of Los Angeles Harbor College is one of the safer campuses in the Los Angeles - South Bay area. (Statistics on crime are posted on all college websites, as required by the Jeanne Clery Act, so it is easy for prospective students to determine the relative safety of a campus by doing a Google search with "[College Name] Jeanne Clery Act.).
Los Angeles Harbor College does not have campus housing. However, the International Student Office at the college usually has listings of rooms for rent with families in the general area. In addition, a small number of apartments are located within walking distance of the college. Others are within commuting distance by bus or car. Homestay services can also be arranged through several homestay agencies. These agencies arrange housing for students with American families and can also provide airport pickup services.
Student Life:
The educational objectives of the college are complemented by the services offered to students which include orientation and placement testing, individual counseling, academic advisement, student support services, career counseling, tutoring, student government, student activities and clubs. Included in our extracurricular programs are a jazz band, choral groups,, theater productions, intercollegiate sports in soccer, basketball, golf, tennis and baseball, and many special-interest clubs such as the International Club, the Student Senate (ASO), and Alpha Gamma Sigma (the community college honors society)..


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Return to SwingLifeStyle.com The Swingers Home Page
There are a total of 1098 Etna Center swingers, within 100 miles.
The list below is a subset of the swingers in the Etna Center area.
Create a free swingers account so you can see and write to them all.
Hoping to meet some real people
Help me I'm a lil lost
You've been looking at the menu, are you ready to place you'd order now?
We are Not available right now.
Looking for some fun
l like showing off my un cut smooth cock..
Looking to have fun with you
looking for new friends
back Looking in
lookin for fun anyone interested?
Spicing it up!
Looking for Friends and more
anything worth doing is worth overdoing
Make our dreams come true!
Saw this site mentioned on reddit
well i am new here
seeking sensual fun
adventure seekers
Such a glorious summer so far.......?
Sexy Attractive People Wanted
Active Swingers as of 23-Sep-17.
This site does not contain sexually explicit images as defined in 18 U.S.C. 2256.
Accordingly, neither this site nor the contents contained herein are covered by the record-keeping provisions of 18 USC 2257(a)-(c).
Disclaimer: This website contains adult material. You must be over 18 to enter or 21 were applicable by law.
All Members are over 18 years of age.
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'It might be time to stock up on beef'
Brian Bowne watched carefully, with a cell phone pressed tightly against his ear, as cattle barreled through the gates of the auction ring during a sale this month at Mitchell Livestock Auction.
Lingering effects of the drought that devastated the Great Plains in recent years have shrunk the size of the cattle herd in South Dakota and the United States.
"Consequently, we've been short and the market is going higher on hamburger-style livestock," said Bowne, a cattle buyer for Green Bay, Wis.-based American Foods Group. "We're just trying to cover our needs right now."
The cattle shortage has caused a slow but steady rise in cattle prices, which will likely mean higher beef prices for consumers.
The number of cattle in South Dakota totaled 3.65 million as of Jan. 1, down 5 percent from Jan. 1, 2013, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture's National Agricultural Statistics Service. That follows a national trend as the number of cattle in the U.S., the world's largest beef producer, fell 2 percent in that same time, down to 87.7 million. That's the smallest total since 1951, when the nation's herd totaled 82.1 million.
"It's had a positive effect on price," Bowne said, "but I don't know about the bottom line of some of the producers."
Jack Davis, an economist at South Dakota State University Extension's Mitchell Regional Center, said a recovery has begun, but it's going to take years to rebuild the herd.
"It is going to be a slow process because we're starting from such a low number," Davis said. "There is a lot of competition for the calves that are out there."
The number of calves born in South Dakota in 2013 totaled 1.69 million, down 1 percent from 2012, according to the USDA. Nationally, the calf crop totaled 33.9 million, also a 1 percent decline. That's the fewest calves born in the U.S. since 33.7 million in 1949.
A blizzard that swept through western South Dakota in early October and killed an estimated 43,000 head of livestock shouldn't have a long-term impact on the cattle markets, Davis said.
"The blizzard was really a one-time event," he said. "All it really does is it takes that number out of our local auction barns."
A harsh winter across much of the U.S. has limited cattle growth and, in many cases, has also limited the distance producers are willing to travel to sell their livestock, Bowne said.
Don Stange, owner of Mitchell Livestock Auction, said that problem hasn't been as visible here, as Mitchell Livestock Auction has still attracted sellers from as far away as Nebraska and Iowa. With fewer cattle to go around, the auction has been drawing from an even larger geographic area than normal.
"We just have a good market here," Stange said. "There are a lot of good buyers."
As of Feb. 1, the average price for feeder steers bought at auction in South Dakota was between 8 and 25 percent higher than last year, depending on weight, according to USDA reports. The average price for feeder heifers was up between 18 and 25 percent in that same time.
If consumers continue to buy beef, that demand paired with the short supply of cattle will most likely mean prices for those commodities will stay at their current highs or even increase, Davis said.
"It might be time to stock up on beef," he said.
The USDA reports the price of all fresh retail beef was $5.04 per pound in December, up more than 5 percent from $4.80 per pound in December 2012.
"If consumers don't balk at that, everybody in the industry should be able to make some money this year," Davis said.


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ZVex Fuzzolo$139.00The Fuzzolo is a silicon fuzz with a rich subby ripping texture and aggressive midrange, with plenty of volume on tap. Because of the way it preserves the bottom end of your signal, it works great on both guitar and bass. Learn More


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Angry Birds Movie Trailer
OK, I admit that I have wasted more time playing Angry Birds than I care to admit. There's something just addictive about flinging avian weapons and popping green pigs wearing funny hats. However, I don't seem to have the amount of free time that the people at Rooster Teeth Productions do, since they have produced a trailer for "Angry Birds: The Movie".
So, without further ado….. LET'S WASTE SOME TIME!!!!


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The Letting Go
- Record Label: Drag City
- Release Date: Sep 19, 2006
User Score
Universal acclaim- based on 31 Ratings
User score distribution:
Positive: 27 out of 31
Mixed: 3 out of 31
Negative: 1 out of 31
Review this album
- User score
- By date
- Most helpful
Aug 6, 2011Bonnie "Prince" Billy (Will Oldham) isn't for everybody. But I think anyone can like at least something by him. "Lay & Love" and "Strange Form of Life" are highlights for me. A very quiet album.
DonBDec 22, 2006just beautiful
ReubenFDec 19, 2006Will Oldham, aka Bonnie "Prince" Billy, can thank the fickle winds of Indie fashion that he has a long pedigree for producing the sort of music that is currently in much demand. It also happens to be one of his best albums. 'Cursed Sleep' is a standout.
CarolRNov 18, 2006silly to rank, but whatever it is that this guy does so beautifully, he does it again here. We go with him to that place.
salomeyOct 27, 2006back in form and - let's face - hardly anyone can touch this man when in form logical progression from Master & Everyone which was also delicious
TimPOct 24, 2006Fucking great.
GuyHOct 9, 2006The distinctive female backing vocals that appear throughout 'The Letting Go' seem to have split opinion amongst fans. They are quite dominant at times with Will happy to drop into the background occassionally. I can see why this would upset some but I think it adds to this album's appeal - the songs are quite restrained and gentle and benefit from the extra vocals and The distinctive female backing vocals that appear throughout 'The Letting Go' seem to have split opinion amongst fans. They are quite dominant at times with Will happy to drop into the background occassionally. I can see why this would upset some but I think it adds to this album's appeal - the songs are quite restrained and gentle and benefit from the extra vocals and atmospheric instrumental passages. I'm not sure this is a Will Oldham classic, it's missing a little variety perhaps, and the album gets a bit sleepy towards the end (although it redeems itself with the excellent 'I called You Back'). The only complete misfire for me is 'The Seedling' - most people seem to love this track but after listening to it about 10 times now I still can't warm to it. Oh, and I agree that the backing vocals are awful on this track (unless they are meant to be intentionally funny!)… Expand
MattD.Oct 3, 2006Beautiful, but don't expect a tidy folk album. This album aches, just like the heart does.
KevinBOct 2, 2006Much fuller, richer sound than on previous Oldham albums. Not as accessible because it takes longer to get through all of the layers, but it rewards those who stick with it.
MichaelESep 28, 2006For me, there are four Bonny Prince Billy.classics - you can call them "classics" even now: "I See A Darkness", "Ease Down The Road", "Master and Everyone", and now "The Letting Go". How can such dark songs have this uplifting quality, well, I still have to find out!
RobertoMSep 26, 2006Luminous and lethargic, ecstatic and fairy.
HenryV.Sep 25, 2006Beautiful songs. Complex and mysterious lyrics. But some of Oldham's singing is on the rough and pitchy side. Overall, amazing.
TimASep 22, 2006Another perfect album. Beautifully crafted and some amazing lyrics, but thats what we come to expect.
BillK.Sep 20, 2006Perfect.
TimothyMSep 19, 2006Hypnotic and special. But this is coming from someone who thinks Mr. Oldham can do no wrong.
Awards & Rankings
Paste MagazineAt last, Will Oldham as Bonnie 'Prince' Billy has given us a record of cryptic romanticism to complement the silver-rimmed bleakness of his 1999 masterpiece I See A Darkness. [Sep 2006, p.73]
It's a winning combination, with the Prince's shambolic charm still intact but lent clarity by the new additions that make this infinitely preferable to previous efforts.
Entertainment WeeklyThe effect is soothing, though it crosses the line into uncharacteristic blandness at times. [22 Sep 2006, p.94]


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Taylor Hall and Jordan Eberle have different styles, but similar success unleashing scoring chance shots
Taylor Hall and Jordan Eberle are different players in style, Hall a flame-thrower, Eberle a rapier.
Hall blazes down the wing and scorches opposing d-men with his lightning speed and burning shot. Eberle slices through the zone, his eyes up and probing for weaknesses, searching for his chance to make a deadly thrust, pass or shot towards the net.
Though the styles are different, the results are similar.
Both players are able to unleash a high number of hard or dangerous slots from the slot area on net. Hall led the Edmonton Oilers in this category in 2013-14, the first time I kept track of this activity for a full Oilers season.
In total, Hall had 168 hard or dangerous shots on net from the slot area in 75 games, good for 2.24 scoring chance shots per game. Eberle was second on the team, with 1.95 scoring chance shots per game, then came Davie Perron, 1.67, Ryan Nugent-Hopkins, 1.43, Nail Yakupov, 1.35, Ales Hemsky, 1.07, Ryan Smyth, 1.03, Mark Arcobello, 0.95 and Sam Gagner, 0.88.
All the Oilers at the very top of that list are back. It will be up to newcomers Benoit Pouliot and Teddy Purcell to replace or build upon the scoring chance production seen from Hemsky and Smyth. Yakupov might have a hand in that as well if he can pick up his game. If Yakupov can start to producing 2.0 scoring chance shots per game along with Hall and Eberle, and if RNH and can pick it up as well, the Oilers will be on the right path on the attack.
As for Sam Gagner, Mark Arcobello is slated to take his job. When it comes to scoring chance shots, it looks like the Oilers won't miss a beat.
On defence, Justin Schultz led the way with 0.66 scoring chance shots per game. He's got to find a way to get more dangerous shots on net, given the amount of power play time he gets. Anton Belov, who also got his fair share of power play time in 2013-14, only got 0.19 scoring chances shots per game. Not good.
It's hard to imagine newcomers Mark Fayne and Nikita Nikitin will add much to the attack, so if the Oilers blueline is going to get scoring, it's up to Schultz.


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Great American Campout is right around the corner
Thu, 19 Jun 2014 01:29:16 GMT —
The Kirksville Parks and Recreation Department encourages you and your family to take part in a special event this summer.
Thousands of people across the nation will gather in their backyards and parks to take part in the Great American Backyard Campout on Saturday, June 28th.
On that day, tent camping will be permitted at Rotary Park in Kirksville.
Organizers want families to take part in this one-night event that will give them a chance to connect with nature.
â??I'm hoping they can enjoy being with each other, it's kind of rare sometimes nowadays to spend that much time with your families. It's a nice quiet area here at Rotary Park for people to be able to camp with their families,â?? said Recreation Assistant Courtney Pierce.
You can check in at the Aquatic Center anytime between 4 and 7 p.m. on June 28th.
The event is free, but campers must provide their own food.
The Great American Campout has been hosted since 2005 by the National Wildlife Federation.


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Monsters, JLS, and I'm A Celebrity: Top 5 things to do this weekend
Monsters, the final of I'm A Celebrity, JLS, Capital FM's Jingle Bell Ball and Taste of Christmas 2010 are our top things to do this weekend.
As the title suggests, Monsters promises a gang of scary beasts to keep you on the edge of your sheet. Giant mutant squids apparently. But while the film's marketing suggests a Cloverfield-esque horror movie, this low-budget film promises to deliver much more. At the heart of this film is a love story, and the combination of real locations, real locals as extras and improvisation by the actors give this film a unique natural feel. Well worth checking out.
To see where Monsters is showing near you, check out Metro Listings
I'm A Celebrity… Get Me Out Of Here! final
After nearly 3 weeks in the jungle, the ordeal for the surviving campmates is at its end. We've seen medical emergencies, the first refusal to do a Bushtucker Trial, numerous threats to leave and constant screaming… and that's just from Gillian McKeith . But now it's all over, and it's time to crown one of our celebrities king or queen of the jungle. Will it be former X Factor star Stacey Solomon , whose loveable but slightly barmy nature has proved a hit with campmates and the public alike? Or will it be former Happy Mondays wild man Shaun Ryder , whose insane antics have kept us all entertained? Tune in to ITV1 this Saturday, 9.25pm and find out.
Capital FM's Jingle Bell Ball
This Saturday and Sunday sees the O2 play host to Capital FM's annual Jingle Bell Ball, and the list of names on the bill is impressive. Across the two nights Olly Murs, Alexandra Burke, The Saturdays, Nicole Scherzinger, The Wanted, Tinie Tempah, JLS will be performing… The list goes on. Unfortunately tickets are now sold out, but you can still win tickets by listening to Capital FM.
JLS in Liverpool
The former X Factor runners-up have gone on to become one of Britain's biggest boy bands. Their first two singles, Beat Again and Everybody In Love, went straight to number one, while their self-titled debut album sold over a million copies. Their latest album, Outta This World, was only kept off the top spot by Take That's latest effort, and it's clear these reality TV stars are here to stay. Check them out at Liverpool's Echo Arena this Friday.
To get tickets for JLS, click here .Taste of Christmas 2010
If the disruption caused by this week's snow has left you in need of some Christmas cheer, fear not. The Taste of Christmas event, taking place at London's ExCel from Friday to Sunday, promises to restore your Christmas spirit by helping you prepare for the main event of the season – Christmas dinner. There's a boutique market, top chefs sharing their kitchen secrets, and restaurants serving up seasonal menus. Even the biggest scrooge can't turn their nose up at the chance to taste an array of delicious food.


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Twin targets for Huth
Stoke defender Robert Huth is targeting a first top ten finish in the Premier League and a good run in Europe this season.
• Stoke blog: First point on the board
The Potters secured their first point of the new campaign in a goalless draw at home to Chelsea on Sunday. That is already an improvement on last term, when Stoke lost their first three matches and were bottom of the table heading into September.
They recovered to end up 13th, their lowest league finish in the three seasons since promotion having come 12th and 11th. However, just three points separated Tony Pulis' side from eighth-placed Fulham and Huth would like the club to take the next step and break into the top 10.
That may be a tougher task this season if Stoke make the group stages of the Europa League - they play the first of a two-legged play-off against FC Thun in Switzerland on Thursday - but Huth remains optimistic.
"To get safe is the main priority but, depending on if we qualify for Europe, we'd like to go as far as we can,'' Huth said. "It would be outstanding to get into the group stages of the Europa League.
"It is not something anyone else at the club has done and hopefully if we do qualify it won't affect us in the league. Hopefully we can get a top ten finish if we can continue the sort of form we have been showing recently.''
Pulis has only managed to bolster the defensive ranks of his squad so far this summer, bringing in Jonathan Woodgate and Matthew Upson after they were released by Tottenham and West Ham respectively.
Woodgate made his league debut against Chelsea, meaning Huth was pushed out to right-back which is not his favoured position.
But reinforcements are required further up the field with Stoke heavily reliant on the creativity of wingers Matt Etherington - currently awaiting results of a scan on a shoulder injury sustained yesterday - and Jermaine Pennant.
Pulis would also like to bring in another forward and the club have been trying to sign Spurs' England international Peter Crouch. Huth said the lack of options was noticeable against Chelsea when enforced changes had to be made.
"We played well for 70 minutes but then Rory Delap and Matt Etherington came off and so we had to dig deep the last few minutes,'' he said. "They (Chelsea) have good players but we are so tight defensively even if someone goes past you there is always someone else there.
"I thought everyone in the defence did their job against tricky wide men but all over the pitch we competed and made it really hard for them, it would be difficult to single anyone out.
"It is early doors but hopefully we can get one or two players in to make a difference. For example, if we'd had another winger to come on after 70 minutes it would have been a bit more interesting. Once Matty came off it took the edge off a bit. Hopefully we can get one or two players in and we can attack after that.''
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Office of the Dean
College of Education
Florida Gulf Coast University
10501 FGCU Blvs S
Fort Myers, FL. 33965
Phone: 239-590-7800
Fax: 239-590-7801
Email: email@example.com
The M.Ed. in Curriculum and Instruction program provides advanced study in education for those who are already teachers and wish to be leaders in the development of a school's curriculum, direct its implementation, and evaluate its effectiveness. The concentrations correspond with a specific subject, specific career ambition, or specific age group.
Pictured: Curriculum and Instruction students working on a group assignment in class


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Who says money can't buy happiness? In the indie world anyway.
Killer Films, the upstart indie producer of such low-budget films as "Boys Don't Cry" and "Far From Heaven," has sold off half of itself to New York-based venture capital fund GC Corp, Variety says.
With this influx of cash, partners Christine Vachon and Pam Koffler, who are mainstays at events like the Gotham Awards and the Independent Spirit Awards, will go from making $3 million to $5 million indie projects to $40 million to $50 million films.
Killer had been partnered with "ER" creator John Wells, who will stay on as an executive producer for Killer releases.


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Yesterday I did an 8 mile trail run, which was my longest run in quite some time. I did an 8-mile road run a month or two ago, but 8 miles on the trail is a lot harder than 8 miles on the road. The funny thing is 8 trail miles feels a lot easier than 8 road miles, even though it takes way longer. I'm not sure if it's because the dirt is a lot easier on your body or because the scenery is a lot easier on your eyes or both.
I saw more people than I ever have. I guess I'm not the only one who loves the woods this time of year! Right off the bat, I saw a woman and her husband, and I nearly gave them a heart attack. I actually ran off the trail in an effort to crunch more leaves and make noise, but they still didn't hear me. What is the right thing to do, yell something like "coming up behind you"? I always feel bad when I scare people.
Around mile 3, I saw four women riding horses. One of them was leading a pony with a saddle on (I'm assuming to train it). They asked if I wanted a ride back. The funny thing is, I saw them again at the end of my run. They had gone 3 miles since I'd seen them and I'd gone 5. Horses are not exactly speed demons on trail rides.
I saw two moms with their daughters, and then towards the end, my yoga instructor and her dog.
I basically did a loop around the whole park. I could have made my run longer by taking every little off-shoot loop, but 8 was good enough for me.
The east side of the park is an area I don't often run. There's a few sections where you run alongside a farm field in the grass, and I hate those sections. It's worth it, though, because part of it is in a really pretty valley.
Shortly after leaving that area, I saw a few wild turkeys. Can you see them?
This is one of my favorite sections of trail, which is right behind the campground.
Right at the end of the 8 miles was a really hard downhill (as in hard to run down it's so steep) and a really hard uphill. I tried to take a picture, but hills never look hard in pictures, do they!?
Next weekend, I will try 9 or 10. Woohoo! I'm really hoping the trails stay runable on the weekends for along time!


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Pantene Pro-V Detangling Light Conditioning Mist Reviews
This is great for swimmersAfter i get out of the pool, i spray this on my hair and it makes my hair feel great — 9 years, 8 months agojudy88d | 3 reviews
Love itI have long color treated blonde hair...very thick and VERY full... MASSIVE head of hair...(not bad for an almost 60 year old woman).... This detangling conditioner works WONDERFULLY and makes it so much easier to brush out my hair after shampooing... I have used MANY different products in the past, but over the past several years, I have stuck strictly with Pantene products...and LOVE what they've done FOR my hair... — 7 years, 4 months agoLittleBarb57 | 5 reviews
This review is: Helpful | Not helpful | Inappropriate | 2 of 2 people said helpful
Works great!Yea no mre tangles I love it. — 7 years, 4 months agoTrueheart38 | 3 reviews
MarcieIt's okay if you have thick hair...I have thin and puffy hair so it made flat and oily.... — 7 years, 4 months agoMarcela | 1 reviews
Cry no MoreFinally, something that works. I can spray this in my hair and run a comb through it without pulling out my hair. Thank you — 7 years, 4 months agoMabell | 3 reviews
Excellent for motorcyclists!I keep a bottle of this in my saddle bags to help detangle after a ride on my Harley! — 9 years, 8 months agoladyhd64 | 3 reviews
wowbest detangling around — 9 years, 9 months agoslpitts | 8 reviews
ValueThis spray helps keep hair smooth and flat. Great value. — 7 years, 4 months agomsladiejae | 3 reviews
absent mindedOccasionally I get in hurry or am thinking of something else, and shampoo my hair but forget the conditioner. I realize my oversight when I towel dry, and then try to detangle. Ouch! So this spray on leave in conditioner is the rescue, It lets me style without yanking on my hair, and is light enough not to make my hair limp. — 7 years, 4 months agomhowton | 8 reviews
This review is: Helpful | Not helpful | Inappropriate | 1 of 1 people said helpful
Great productLong hair tangles and this product tames the mess without pasting your hair down. — 7 years, 4 months agobluerabbit | 5 reviews
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My Reasons for Reporting This


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Venice High Gloss Cream Kitchen Doors
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PACKAGING on expensive Christmas gifts should be disposed of discretely, according to police.
Speaking at Manningtree Town Council meeting last week PCSO Paul Beer said packaging should not be left outside.
He said: "We are trying to get people in the community not to advertise what they have had for Christmas so we advise not to but boxes outside."


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" Yesterday we opened up about how diabetes can bring us down. Today let's share what gets us through a hard day. Or more specifically, a hard diabetes day. Is there something positive you tell yourself? Are there mantras that you fall back on to get you through? Is there something specific you do when your mood needs a boost? Maybe we've done that and we can help others do it too? (Thanks to Meri of Our Diabetic Life for suggesting this topic.) "
My favourite "treat" chocolate is Haigh's. Then comes Cadbury for mass consumption. Generally speaking, all other chocolate is consumed out of desperation because I don't have Haigh's or Cadbury close at hand! I can only say that Haigh's is my favourite because I have tried so many varieties. It's all relative.
For me, life with diabetes really isn't that bad. Yes, I get frustrated. Yes, I hate the burden. Yes, I can't stand the pressure of being responsible for so many aspects of my health that I actually have little control over. And then there is the guilt… But I have lived through events that making living with diabetes seem like a walk in the park.
In the space of 10 months, my husband and I miscarried three pregnancies in a row, and my Mum passed away very suddenly & unexpectedly. At the time, our daughter, Aspen was just starting out at kindergarten and if it weren't for her excitement to attend, I'm not sure I would have gotten out of bed most mornings. There were days I just wished the sun would go down so I wouldn't have to pretend to function in the real world. Then when the sun went down, all I wanted was for the world to be awake so I wouldn't have to face the challenge of falling asleep and being alone with my desperation, confusion and loss. There was no escaping the relentless pain, misery and sadness that had taken up residence in every cell of my body.
Those tragic events were not related to my diabetes. If anything, diabetes was an obedient dog at my feet who followed me everywhere, went outside to wee and curled up on my lap at the end of the day. It really was one of the only constants I had in a world that had turned upside down before my very eyes. I knew it wasn't going anywhere and I knew what to do to keep it tamed and on a leash.
When I have bad diabetes days, they really aren't. Nothing about living with diabetes compares to that period in my life; it was an experience I wouldn't wish on anyone. I chose to fight hard to find enjoyment, happiness and healthiness again.
My diabetes is manageable. It is reasonably obedient. And there is nothing about my diabetes that equates to loss on that scale. My life isn't always about diabetes. When I catch myself starting to think that it is, I take a conscious moment to reframe.
For me, it really ain't that bad.


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Freebies For Your Birthday
I look forward to my birthday every year. Not because I'm getting another year closer to collecting Social Security, but because my inbox gets flooded with free stuff! Did you know, there are thousands of businesses that offer free stuff on your birthday, just for signing up for their e-club.
Here are links to some of my favorite free birthday offers.
Applebees – Get a free birthday dessert when you sign-up for their e-club.
Arby's – Just for signing up for their e-club, you'll get a free roast beef classic with the purchase of a drink.
Auntie Anne's Pretzels – Get a free pretzel after your first purchase.
Buca di Beppo – One of my favorite places to eat when I go to the Cities. Sign up for the Buca e-club and enjoy a $20 birthday gift. Choose from 3 Buca small pasta dishes: Spaghetti Marinara, Fettuccini Alfredo, or Baked Ziti. You should also order the Brownie Sundae to celebrate turning another year older.
Caribou Cofffee – Caribou Coffee is giving me one free medium beverage on my birthday.
Chili's – Sign up for Chili's rewards online and receive a coupon for a free appetizer or dessert on your birthday.
Coldstone Creamery – Become a member of their Eclub and receive a buy one creation, get one creation coupon on your birthday.
Cracker Barrel – Free dessert! Just tell your server it's your birthday.
Culvers – Get a free sundae when you join their e-club.
Denny's – Get a free original Grand Slam on your birthday.
Einstein Bros. Bagels – Just for signing up you'll get a free bagel and shmear with purchase. On your birthday you'll get a free egg sandwich with purchase.
Famous Daves – Sign up for the Famous Nation and you'll get free stuff.
Firehouse Subs – Get a free medium sub on your birthday. It'll give you a chance to try their new location on 41st Street in Sioux Falls.
Fryin' Pan – I received one free meal up to $10, plus another coupon for $5 off a $20 purchase.
Fuddruckers – Receive a free 1/3 lb burger with the purchase of another Fudd's entrée of equal or higher value.
Lone Star Steakhouse – Get a free appetizer from the Lonestar Steakhouse E-club on your birthday.
Outback Steakhouse – You'll get a surprise on your birthday.
Panera Bread – Sign up for the rewards card and receive a free pastry or dessert.
Pizza Ranch – Not only do you earn a point for every dollar you spend at Pizza Ranch, you get a $5 bonus on your birthday.
Red Robin – Get a free burger on your birthday.
Red Lobster – Get something free on your birthday.
Ruby Tuesday – Get a free appetizer with purchase of an adult entree when you sign up and a free burger on your birthday.
Qdoba – Get free food on your birthday.
Sonic – Sign-up for My Sonic and you'll get free stuff.
Texas Roadhouse – For my birthday last year, I got a free sidekick of ribs or a legendary appetizer. Sign up for their e-club to receive offers.
I know all of these offers are for food, but there are several non-food freebies out there, too. Old Navy, Sephora, Columbia, American Eagle, Toys R Us, Ace Hardware, Famous Footwear and many, many other businesses offer birthday deals. Google the business name and click on their e-club.
*All offers are subject to change.


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In this socially networked world, text is king.
Status updates — tiny dispatches from friends, family, strangers — are the atomic unit that keeps the social web whirring.
But, oftentimes, words simply lack visual pop.
"I started looking at my Facebook news feed on my mobile phone," says Alex Pooyan Khorram, "and I realized how quickly I just flip through things."
Khorram is the founder and CEO of Whims, a new mobile app/social network that's trying to change that.
"What Instagram did for photo sharing and photo creation, we're doing for status updates," Khorram explains.
Here's how it works.
You type a message into the Whims app on your iPhone. You're then presented with style sheets that offer different colors and fonts. You can pick themes ranging from Star Wars to Mitt Romney. You make a few tweaks, hit save, "and voilà, it shows up as a 'whim,'" Khorram says.
From within the app, you can then post your message on Facebook or Twitter, or share it on the network of Whims users.
"We're all sort of vying for attention," Khorram says. "If we can create a way for people to express themselves in a more beautiful way, why not allow them to do that?"
Next big thing?
The tech world gasped when Facebook announced in April it was acquiring photo-sharing app Instagram for $1 billion.
The app now tops Twitter in user engagement. (One declaration from the tech press: "Pictures beat words.")
But Instagram still generates zero revenue.
"Build the right product, build the right product, build the right product, get the users, and the money will follow," Khorram says. "I agree with that."
Whims is also a free app, but Khorram is trying to make money from the get go.
He says the plan is to partner with brands. The idea is to create Whims style sheets for users to tweak at will. Imagine a status update in your alma mater's colors.
Khorram — who previously founded social search firm CliqSearch — admits the company will likely encounter business model roadblocks along the way.
Still, he says the company is focused on getting early users hooked.
"Right now we're focused on really getting the consumer experience down," says Khorram. "So it's seamless, it's fun and it becomes ... addictive."
Whims was accepted into Apple's App Store on Wednesay afternoon. The five-person company is in the process of closing on a million-dollar round of seed funding, according to Khorram.
As they move into new digs in Philly's Bella Vista neighborhood, Khorram hopes Whims becomes the city's next big thing.
"It'd be wonderful for us to actually have a breakout company in consumer tech," Khorram says.
Whether it's Whims, only time will tell.
Support provided by


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Vivendi Games has today announced that F.E.A.R. is to be released for the PlayStation 3 this November. The game will be a port of the PC game, and include exclusive single-player content, plus multiplayer game modes.
As is the case with the Xbox 360 version of the game, Day 1 Studios are handling the port. With the PlayStation 3 due on November 17, expect F.E.A.R. to hit pretty close to that date.
Check out the very first screens for F.E.A.R. on the PlayStation 3 in our media section.


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EPA efforts to regulate CAFOs fail in court
Mar 18, 2011
Livestock producers won a major court victory last week over the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the Federal 5th Circuit Court of Appeals in New Orleans, LA. EPA had been seeking to require livestock operations which had the potential to discharge waste into waters of the U.S. to obtain a
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NBC boosts buildup for Belmont
NBC and its cable sports affiliate have twice as much time set aside for coverage of Saturday's Belmont Stakes than they did last year. The big difference is California Chrome's attempt to win horse racing's Triple Crown.
The NBC Sports Network began its buildup with a documentary that premiered Wednesday and will be repeated five times. The NBC broadcast network's coverage of the race on Saturday begins at 4:30 p.m. EDT.
Viewership interest in the Belmont essentially doubles when there's a horse entered with the chance of becoming the first Triple Crown winner since Affirmed in 1978.
NBC is even introducing a California Chrome-cam. It will have a camera devoted to following the horse on the day of the race starting with its first training run just after dawn.
(Copyright 2014 Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.)


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Tim McGraw Shares What Makes America a Great Place to Live
There's no day quite like the Fourth of July to make Americans reflect on the freedoms and gifts we too often take for granted as citizens of the U.S.A. And nobody salutes the red, white and blue quite as often or as seriously as country music stars. In light of this year's Independence Day, longtime country music king Tim McGraw paused to reflect on what makes America a great place to live.
Hank Williams, Jr. Understands the Working Man's Plight in 'That Ain't Good' Video
Hank Williams, Jr.'s latest release, 'That Ain't Good,' is one for working men and women all over the country. With a bluesy country sound that beckons back to Williams' heyday as the rowdy king of country in the '80s, the lead single off of Jr.'s upcoming 'Old School, New Rules' album is an honest-to-goodness blue collar tune. The music video for 'That Ain't Good,' and it will strike a chord with everyone who has ever gotten fed up at work.
Keith Urban Admits Life With Three Girls Has Made Him More of a Crier
You wouldn't be able to tell from watching his rocking stage performances, but as it turns out, having a wife and two daughters has made Keith Urban a bit of a softie. In a recent interview with the Belfast Telegraph, the 'For You' singer admitted that sometimes even the most random things make him cry.
Lady Antebellum Close Own the Night Tour with Attendance Milestone
Last November, when Lady Antebellum kicked off their 85-city We Own the Night tour in Knoxville, Tenn., they had no idea that by the end of the U.S. leg of the tour, they would have played to more than one million fans. Last Saturday night (June 30), the award-winning trio closed the North American portion of the tour by playing with Darius Rucker and Thompson Square at Milwaukee's Summerfest, marking an attendance milestone of more than 1 million fans.
Carrie Underwood Sings 'Never Tear Us Apart' by INXS for Fans in Melbourne
Carrie Underwood has been wowing her fans across the pond by paying tributes to bands to local bands. First, the award-winning singer put on a stunning rendition of Coldplay's 'Fix You' for concertgoers at Royal Albert Hall in London. Then, while in Melbourne, the 'Good Girl' singer delivered a real treat when she gave props to Aussie hitmakers INXS by singing 'Never Tear Us Apart.'
Lady Antebellum Debut Dramatic 'Wanted You More' Music Video
Ever since Lady Antebellum released a behind-the-scenes clip of their 'Wanted You More' music video, we've been anxious to see the finished product. Although the initial clip showed us some fiery scenes of lead singer Hillary Scott walking away from a burning piano, it didn't prepare us for the intensity of the full video.
Taylor Swift Unveils New Fragrance, Wonderstruck Enchanted
It would seem that Taylor Swift is changing her signature scent in 2012. After the release of a first fragrance last year, the 22-year-old sensation has unveiled a follow-up spritzer, Wonderstruck Enchanted. The name suits the 'Mine' hitmaker's free-spirited, vibrant persona — and so does her new perfume bottle. Made from red glass and adorned with tiny flower and bird charms, Wonderstruck Enchanted is the perfect essence of a new, more mature Taylor Swift.
Carrie Underwood Admits Curiosity Made Her Attend Her High School Reunion
Carrie Underwood has said before that she likes to live a laid-back, 'normal' life when she's not playing to sold out crowds. So, we weren't terribly surprised when she proved just how normal she is by driving nine-and-a-half hours to her 10-year high school class reunion in Checotah, Okla. last May. Plus, she says, it gave her time to listen to 'Blown Away' demos.
Miranda Lambert's 'Fastest Girl in Town' Video to Star Danica Patrick
Whether you love NASCAR or not, everyone knows that Danica Patrick is the fastest female driver around. In fact, Patrick has risen to racing star status by being one of the more successful female drivers in history. Really, who would be a better pick to star in Miranda Lambert's 'Fastest Girl in Town' music video? After several hints by the country star and the racing phenom on Twitter, now we know that Patrick snagged the lead role in Lambert's forthcoming clip.
Carrie Underwood to Take Part in CMA Songwriter Series
Every year, the CMA Songwriters Series travels to select cities to showcase the best troubadours in country music. This year, the program will include country music darling Carrie Underwood, who will get to make her first-ever appearance at the event in Boston on July 31. Underwood and other presenters will take turns giving raw performances of their most popular songs, and telling the stories that lie behind their hits.
Rascal Flatts' Jay DeMarcus Gets His Own Radio Show
Jay DeMarcus is no one-trick pony. In addition to being a mega-talented bassist and vocalist for Rascal Flatts, DeMarcus is about to flex his radio personality skills, too. The Nashville star has landed his very own radio show, 'The Jay DeMarcus Show: Live From Flatts Shack' on iHeartRadio's Big Machine channel. The 60-minute program will debut on Thursday, June 28.
Trisha Yearwood's 'Southern Kitchen' Gets the Green Light for Renewal
This year, Trisha Yearwood has managed to add another job title to her resume: Cooking show host. The country music star showed off her kitchen skills on the Food Network this spring in a six-episode series called 'Trisha Yearwood's Southern Kitchen.' The first season of the show was just a test run, but as it turns out, cooking fans love the 'She's in Love With the Boy' hitmaker just as much as country music fans — the show has been renewed for a second season.


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Here's another look at privacy, also from the Wall Street Journal:
Tracking Is an Assault on Liberty, With Real Dangers
A snip:
A few years ago, the computer consultant Tom Owad published the results of an experiment that provided a chilling lesson in just how easy it is to extract sensitive personal data from the Net. Mr. Owad wrote a simple piece of software that allowed him to download public wish lists that Amazon.com customers post to catalog products that they plan to purchase or would like to receive as gifts. These lists usually include the name of the list's owner and his or her city and state.
Using a couple of standard-issue PCs, Mr. Owad was able to download over 250,000 wish lists over the course of a day. He then searched the data for controversial or politically sensitive books and authors, from Kurt Vonnegut's "Slaughterhouse-Five" to the Koran. He then used Yahoo People Search to identify addresses and phone numbers for many of the list owners.
Mr. Owad ended up with maps of the United States showing the locations of people interested in particular books and ideas, including George Orwell's "1984." He could just as easily have published a map showing the residences of people interested in books about treating depression or adopting a child. "It used to be," Mr. Owad concluded, "you had to get a warrant to monitor a person or a group of people. Today, it is increasingly easy to monitor ideas. And then track them back to people."
I'm not as doom and gloom as the article.
In my opinion, the real issue here is how nuts it is to point an accusing finger at other people. Getting into a lather over privacy concerns can be like debating which books should be banned, if any. The bottom line is a responsibility for personal discernment, personal choice. And, we're all in here together, one way or another.
Oh -- The other real issue -- you don't still use your mother's real maiden name as a password reset prompt, do you? Those things can be ferreted out by data miners. (If you've ever wanted to privately call your first teacher "Fido," password prompts are your chance.) While you're at it, don't share anything online that you wouldn't discuss in a public, face-to-face situation... unless you're very, very careful to omit absolutely all identifying traces.
I choose to see a reasonable degree of transparency as an encouragement to grow, to see those other people (people who read George Orwell or struggle with depression or have different religious or political affiliations) as no more foreign than other neighbors, no matter where they live. There is no wall we have not made ourselves.
Safety is another story. Remember how our parents white-knuckled it when first teaching us how to drive? Well, mine did, maybe yours were more laid back. Smoothly following traffic rules and knowing how much pressure is needed to put on the brakes are learned skills. We are learning how to steer personal privacy in a digitally connected world. There are potholes. There are dangers. This is still a new world.
The first web site was put up, what? 20 years ago? Just 100 years ago one set of my great grandparents moved from the Carolinas to the Pacific Northwest - it was like moving to the other side of the universe, into a different culture, probably never to see their friends and family again. A few years later the US got its first transcontinental highway, but such a thing wasn't pretty or smooth or universally accessible until after the Interstate Highway system was championed in the 1950's.
We're still figuring out how having an Internet super highway changes things.