text:
Alternative policy measures and farmers' participation to improve rural landscapes and water quality: A conceptual framework
The challenge of rural landscape and water quality improvement is investigated as a problem of positive and negative externalities. Based on this analytical background, alternative policy measures are evaluated, and a charge-subsidy scheme with balanced budget is proposed as a cost-effective instrument of pollution control. It earmarks the revenue of a combined land use and fertilizer tax to subsidize farmers for land retirement. In combination with a subsidy for the social benefits of the rural landscape, the charge-subsidy scheme provides a conceptual framework for the design of a voluntary environmental agreement between farmers and the regulator. Moreover, while contributing to an environmental quality improvement in rural areas, it leaves the property right on the land resources with the farmers, gives consumers the right to enjoy water quality at a sufficient and socially agreed level and farmers the right to pollute up to this level.
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Volume (Year): 139 (2003)
Issue (Month): III (September)
Pages: 333-350
|Contact details of provider:
| Postal: c/o SNB/BNS, Börsenstrasse 15, PO Box 2800, CH-8022 Zürich
Phone: +41 58 631 32 34
Web page: http://www.sjes.ch
More information through EDIRC
References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
- Qiu, Zeyuan & Prato, Anthony A., 1999. "Accounting For Spatial Characteristics Of Watersheds In Evaluating Water Pollution Abatement Policies," Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics, Southern Agricultural Economics Association, vol. 31(01), April.
- Just, Richard E & Antle, John M, 1990. "Interactions between Agricultural and Environmental Policies: A Conceptual Framework," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 80(2), pages 197-202, May.
- Rolf Jens Brunstad & Ivar Gaasland & Erling Vårdal, 1999.
"Agricultural Production and the Optimal Level of Landscape Preservation (,"
Land Economics,
University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 75(4), pages 538-546.
- Brunstad, R.J. & Gaasland, I. & Vardal, E., 1999. "Agricultural Production and the Optimal Level of Landscape Preservation," Norway; Department of Economics, University of Bergen 205, Department of Economics, University of Bergen.
- Segerson, Kathleen, 1988. "Uncertainty and incentives for nonpoint pollution control," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 15(1), pages 87-98, March.
- Qiu, Zeyuan & Prato, Tony, 1999. "Accounting for Spatial Characteristics of Watersheds in Evaluating Water Pollution Abatement Policies," Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 31(01), pages 161-175, April.
- Segerson, Kathleen & Miceli, Thomas J., 1998. "Voluntary Environmental Agreements: Good or Bad News for Environmental Protection?," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 36(2), pages 109-130, September.
- Ronald C. Griffin & Daniel W. Bromley, 1982. "Agricultural Runoff as a Nonpoint Externality: A Theoretical Development," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 64(3), pages 547-552.
- Babcock, Bruce A. & Lakshminarayan, P. G. & Wu, JunJie & Zilberman, David, 1996. "Economics of a Public Fund for Environmental Amenities (The)," Staff General Research Papers Archive 1065, Iowa State University, Department of Economics.
- Wu, JunJie & Babcock, Bruce A., 1999. "The Relative Efficiency of Voluntary vs Mandatory Environmental Regulations," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 38(2), pages 158-175, September.
- Wu, JunJie & Babcock, Bruce, 1999. "The Relative Efficiency of Voluntary vs Mandatory Environmental Regulation," ISU General Staff Papers 199909010700001199, Iowa State University, Department of Economics.
- Bystrom, Olof & Andersson, Hans & Gren, Ing-Marie, 2000. "Economic criteria for using wetlands as nitrogen sinks under uncertainty," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 35(1), pages 35-45, October.
- David Zilberman, 1996. "The Economics of a Public Fund for Environmental Amenities: A Study of CRP Contracts," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 78(4), pages 961-971.
- Rigoberto A. Lopez & Farhed A. Shah & Marilyn A. Altobello, 1994. "Amenity Benefits and the Optimal Allocation of Land," Land Economics, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 70(1), pages 53-62.
- Wossink, Ada, et al, 1999. "Co-ordinating Economic, Behavioural and Spatial Aspects of Wildlife Preservation in Agriculture," European Review of Agricultural Economics, Foundation for the European Review of Agricultural Economics, vol. 26(4), pages 443-460, December.
- Anna Alberini & Kathleen Segerson, 2002. "Assessing Voluntary Programs to Improve Environmental Quality," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 22(1), pages 157-184, June.
- Anastasia Lintner & Alfons Weersink, 1999. "Endogenous Transport Coefficients: Implications for Improving Water Quality from Multi-Contaminants in an Agricultural Watershed," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 14(2), pages 269-296, September.
- Marc O. Ribaudo & C. Tim Osborn & Kazim Konyar, 1994. "Land Retirement as a Tool for Reducing Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution," Land Economics, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 70(1), pages 77-87.
- McConnell, Kenneth E., 1989. "The Optimal Quantity Of Land In Agriculture," Northeastern Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Northeastern Agricultural and Resource Economics Association, vol. 18(2), October.
- Hediger, Werner, 2003. "Sustainable farm income in the presence of soil erosion: an agricultural Hartwick rule," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 45(2), pages 221-236, June.
- Cabe, Richard & Herriges, Joseph A., 1992. "The regulation of non-point-source pollution under imperfect and asymmetric information," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 22(2), pages 134-146, March. Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)
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text:
Changes between Version 39 and Version 40 of Commentary/CodingStyle
- Timestamp:
- Aug 3, 2011 11:55:14 PM (6 years ago)
- Unmodified
- Added
- Removed
- Modified
v39 v40 216 216 === Platform tests === 217 217 218 Please read [wiki:CrossCompilation this wiki page] on cross compilation for a better understanding of the situation here. There are three platforms of interest to GHC when compiling and running: 219 220 * The '''Build''' platform. This is the platform on which we are building GHC. 221 * The '''Host''' platform. This is the platform on which we are going to run this GHC binary, and associated tools. 222 * The '''Target''' platform. This is the platform for which this GHC binary will generate code. 223 224 At the moment, there is limited support for having different values for build, host, and target. Please refer to the [wiki:CrossCompilation cross compilation] page for more details. 225 226 In the compiler's source code, you may make use of the following CPP symbols: 227 228 * ''xxx''`_TARGET_ARCH` 229 * ''xxx''`_TARGET_VENDOR` 230 * ''xxx''`_TARGET_OS` 231 * ''xxx''`_HOST_ARCH` 232 * ''xxx''`_HOST_VENDOR` 233 * ''xxx''`_HOST_OS` 234 235 where ''xxx'' is the appropriate value: eg. `i386_TARGET_ARCH`. However GHC is moving away from using CPP for this purpose in many cases due to the problems it creates with supporting cross compilation. So instead it the new plan is to always build GHC as a cross compiler and select the appropriate values and backend code generator to run and runtime. For this purpose there is the Platform module ([[GhcFile(compiler/utils/Platform.hs)]]). That contains various methods for querying the !DynFlags ([[GhcFile(compiler/main/DynFlags.hs)]]) value for what platform GHC is currently compiling for. You should use these when appropriate over the CPP methods. 218 Please refer to [wiki:Commentary/PlatformNaming Platforms and Conventions] wiki page for an overview of how to handle target specific code in GHC.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Aww, you're killing me with cuteness here!
Dog of the Day
Cat of the Day
Pet of the Day
Aww, you're killing me with cuteness here!
Forever in my heart...
By those newer pics he is defiantly golden. He is a cutie aswell!
Congrats! If you ever have any questions you can PM me aswell.
My 10 hammies say hi!
Oh and teddy bear is not really another name but a nickname made up by pet stores. Congrats!
Teddy says hi to all your hamsters as well
I do have a question, will pm you in a minute.
thanks k9krazee for the signature!
Very cute!!
Teddy is a cutie! I've always liked hamsters. Congratulations on the new pet.
thank you I've had Teddy for a whole week now and he's doing well.
some more pictures of Teddy:
Teddy's impression of a collie or sheltie his coat reminds me of them
exploring the room inside his ball
I bought Teddy a new wheel (larger) because he hasn't been using his old one. He absolutely loves it he's been using it all night.
thanks k9krazee for the signature!
Teddy is adorable, William. I absolutely love the first picture in post #14, I think that is one of the cutest pictures I have ever seen. It looks like Teddy has something he wants to say.
I've Been Boo'd!
Congrats! He's lovely.
~Kimmy, Chipper, Zam, Logan, Raptor, Nimrod, June, Mei, Jasper, Esme, Lucy Inara, & Morla
RIP my sweet Kia
He looks so happy! C=
Copyright © 2001-2013 Pet of the Day.com


text:
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The Prämeta Easy 904 is an efficient tourniquet with a unique set of features. The novel functional clip on the tourniquet provides optimal immobilisation of the vein and for filling without the vein puncturing due to congestion. This tourniquet can be used for blood collection, intravenous injections and infusions.
Product Details
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For Medical Professionals
This shop exclusively provides special items and offers for doctors, nurses and healthcare professionals, who apply these products for their medical practices.


text:
Showing 1 - 25 of 31 Results
Communication Counts: Business Presentations for Busy People by Civiello, Mary, Matthews, A... ISBN: 9780470178942 List Price: $21.95
Complete Idiot's Guide to Coping With Difficult People by Uhl, Arlene Matthews ISBN: 9781592575787 List Price: $16.95
Getting in Without Freaking Out The Official College Handbook for Overwhelmed Parents by Matthews, Arlene ISBN: 9781400098415 List Price: $13.95
Be Quiet, Be Heard: The Paradox of Persuasion by Susan R. Glaser, Peter, A. ... ISBN: 9780977261857 List Price: $18.95
End of Work As We Know It by Young, Laurie, Mockler, Nad... ISBN: 9780595217359 List Price: $14.95
Complete Idiot's Guide to Beating Stress by Uhl, Arlene, Uhl, Arlene Ma... ISBN: 9781592575565 List Price: $16.95
The Complete Idiot's Guide to Self-Testing Your Personality by Uhl, Arlene Matthews ISBN: 9781592578146 List Price: $12.95
Color Smart How to Use Color to Enhance Your Business and Personal Life by Cooper, Mimi, Matthews, Arl... ISBN: 9780671034597 List Price: $15.95
Medicine Moms Reclaiming Our Children's Health Through Homeopathy and Common Sense by De Schepper, Luc, Uhl, Arle... ISBN: 9781575666457 List Price: $12.00
If I Think about Money so Much, why Can't I Figure It out?: Understanding and Overcoming You... by Matthews, Arlene M. ISBN: 9780671682781 List Price: $19.95
Mothers of Country Day by Matthews, Arlene ISBN: 9781467909075 List Price: $12.99
Why Did I Marry You, Anyway?: The First Year after the Wedding by Matthews, Arlene M. ISBN: 9780395441787 List Price: $16.95
Study Guide for Plotniks Introduction to Psychology by Matthew Enos, Arlene Zide ISBN: 9780534361457 List Price: $25.95
Success as a Foster Parent: Everything You Need to Know about Foster Care by National Foster Parents Ass... ISBN: 9781592577477 List Price: $16.95
Engaged Woman's Survival Guide by Matthews, Arlene Modica ISBN: 9780449907566
The Complete Idiot's Guide to the Psychology of Happiness by Uhl, Arlene, Uhl, Arlene Ma... ISBN: 9781592577118 List Price: $18.95
Nurturing Baby and Me During Pregnancy Complete Week-by-week Program With Cd Coach, Exercise... by Matthews, Ma, Arlene, Feket... ISBN: 9781599751351 List Price: $19.95
How to Manage Your Mother: Skills and Strategies to Improve Mother-Daughter Relationships by Cocola, Nancy W., Matthews,... ISBN: 9780671742164 List Price: $20.00
Why Did I Marry You, Anyway?: A Practical Guide to the First Years of Marriage - Arlene Modi... by Matthews, Arlene M. ISBN: 9780671682200
Getting in Without Freaking Out: The Official College Handbook for Overwhelmed Parents by Arlene Matthews ISBN: 9781435294363 List Price: $22.95
OUT OF STOCKSee Availability on Amazon
Be Quiet, Be Heard The Paradox of Persuasion by Glaser, Susan R., Glaser, P... ISBN: 9780977261833 List Price: $18.95
Your Money, Your Self: Understanding and Improving Your Relationship to Cash and Credit - Ar... by Matthews, Arlene M. ISBN: 9780671789138 List Price: $11.00
Excited, Exhausted, Expecting : The Emotional Life of Mothers-To-Be by Matthews, Arlene M. ISBN: 9780399518850 List Price: $10.00
How to Manage Your Mother: Skills and Strategies to Improve Mother-Daughter Relationships by Cocola, Nancy W., Matthews,... ISBN: 9780671866785 List Price: $11.00
Be Quiet, Be Heard : The Paradox of Persuasion by Glaser, Susan Rosenblum, Gl... ISBN: 9780977261888


text:
2009 Yamaha TT-R125LE
* YZ-styled four-stroke-powered TT-R125s for everyone from bigger kids to adults.
* A seat height of less than 32 inches makes these accessible to most riders, but over 10 inches of ground clearance and long-travel suspension at both ends mean they're also serious trail bikes.
* The full-boat "LE" model features pushbutton electric start, 19- and 16-inch wheels for great handling, an aluminum swingarm, adjustable suspension calibrated for aggressive and/or bigger riders and a 220mm front disc brake.
* "E" model features pushbutton electric starting, a 17- and 14-inch wheel combination.
* 124cc air-cooled SOHC four-stroke powerplant puts out torquey, broadband power tuned for maximum off-road performance in a wide range of trail conditions.
* 20mm Mikuni® carbureter.
* Smooth-shifting, five-speed transmission with heavy-duty clutch is geared for maximum versatility and usable power delivery.
* CDI ignition system is ultra-reliable and never needs maintenance.
* Automatic cam chain tensioner means minimal maintenance and longer engine life.
* Easy-access, tool-free air filter adds extra convenience during maintenance.
* Rigid frame design features a long wheelbase to accommodate bigger riders.
* 31mm telescopic front fork with 7.1 inches of travel on all three models.
* TT-R125LE features preload adjustability and slightly stiffer settings than the TT-R125E.
* Big 19-inch front and 16-inch rear wheels on the 125LE.
* Single rear shock with 6.6 inches of travel on the 125LE, also firmer settings than the TT-R125E.
* Box-section swingarm features snail-type chain adjusters for quick and easy chain adjustments.
* TT-R125LE features lightweight aluminum box-section swingarm for reduced unsprung weight and optimum suspension performance.
* Front and rear brakes deliver strong, dependable stopping power.
* Knobby tires offer superb grip and exceptional wear.
* Long, YZ-style seat is low, comfortable and allows easy rider movement.
* Gripper-style seat aids seat-of-the-pants feel.
* Team Yamaha–inspired colors, graphics and front and side number plates create styling similar to larger YZ lineup.
* Sleek, narrow fuel tank helps create big-bike look and feel.
* Large, folding, cleated footpegs.
* Durable fork boots ensure excellent fork seal and stanchion tube protection.
$2,999 (Team Yamaha Blue/White) Available from October 2008
Type - 124cc air-cooled SOHC 4-stroke; 2 valves
Bore x Stroke - 54.0mm x 54.0mm
Compression Ratio - 10.0:1
Carburetion - Mikuni® VM20
Ignition - CDI
Transmission - constant-mesh 5-speed; multiplate wet clutch
Final Drive - Chain
Chassis - Suspension/Front
Telescopic fork; 7.1-in travel
Single shock; 6.6-in travel
Brakes/Front - 220mm single disc
Brakes/Rear - 110mm drum
Tires/Front - 70/100-19 42M
Tires/Rear - 90/100-16 52M
Length - 74.2 in
Width - 31.3 in
Height - 42.7 in
Seat Height - 31.7 in
Wheelbase - 50.0 in
Ground Clearance - 11.6 in
Fuel Capacity - 1.6 gal
Wet Weight - 198 lb
90 Day (Limited Factory Warranty)
|2009 Yamaha WR450F
|2009 Yamaha WR250F
|2009 Yamaha TT-R230
|2009 Yamaha TT-R125LE
|2009 Yamaha TT-R125E
|2009 Yamaha TT-R110E
|2009 Yamaha TT-R50E
|2009 Yamaha PW50
Buyers Guides
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- Jeep Wrangler JL, Scrambler Pickup Caught During Towing Test
- Labor Day Deals on Tires & Wheels | | NOW Available IN-STORE!


text:
Roadrunner Records has posted a previously unreleased COAL CHAMBER track, titled "Headstones And The Walking Dead", at this location. "Headstones And The Walking Dead" comes off the group's forthcoming collection of B-sides and rarities, "Giving The Devil His Due", due on August 19.Says Roadrunner Records Head of A&R Monte Conner, "Originally titled 'Dramatic', this song was tracked in the autumn of 1996 during the sessions for the self-titled COAL CHAMBER debut album, but for some reason, vocals were never completed and the song has sat incomplete in some storage facility until recently when it was unearthed and earmarked for the 'Giving The Devil His Due' album. [COAL CHAMBER singer] Dez [Fafara] went back this past May and added brand new vocals — vocals that are for the most part, more in the style he used on the [2002] 'Dark Days' album."
COAL CHAMBER: Previously Unreleased Song Available For Download
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text:
Chad Hart , ISU Extension Grain Marketing Specialist, provides a summary of the latest crop report from USDA.
The changes in this morning's USDA reports were few and far between, but they are enough to provide additional fuel for higher corn prices. The 2010/11 ending stocks were reduced to 675 million bushels or 5% of total corn use, a percentage stocks level we haven't seen since 1995/96. During that year, corn prices rose strongly in the spring and early summer of 1996 to ration demand for the crop. Currently, prices are already strong, but the USDA projections show that rationing has not taken hold. The drop in stocks was driven by two increases in demand, a 50 million bushel increase for ethanol and 20 million increase for sweeteners and starches. While ethanol margins have shrunk over the couple of months, ethanol production has continued at record levels. And with sugar prices at very strong levels as well, the market for corn sweeteners has been brisk. The midpoint of USDA's 2010/11 season-average price range has moved up 10 cents to $5.40 per bushel.
For soybeans and wheat, there were no changes in overall U.S. supplies or use. Ending stocks remained at 140 million bushels for soybeans and 818 million bushels for wheat. The midpoint of USDA's 2010/11 season-average price range for soybeans stayed at $11.70 per bushel. For wheat, the midpoint price shifted up 5 cents to $5.70 per bushel.
The crops in Argentina continue to get smaller. USDA lowered their Argentine crop estimates by 1.5 million metric tons (59 million bushels) for corn and 1 million metric tons (37 million bushels) for soybeans. On the soybean side though, there was offsetting news as Brazil's soybean crop is now projected to be at record production. Worldwide stock levels for both corn and soybeans are tightening as well as use continues to exceed supply.
Ag Decision Maker (AgDM)
An agricultural economics and business web site.


text:
Get an overview of this hotelBayside bed & breakfast with free breakfast and spa services
Collecting Nectar Points
Special Offer: Book by 2 August 2017 and collect double Nectar points!
Simply enter your Nectar card number when you check out. Your points will be credited 35 days after you return from your trip.
*Terms and conditions apply.
Popular property highlights
Situated by the ocean, this bed & breakfast is within 1 mi (2 km) of Penfield Beach, Jennings Beach, and Fairfield Theater Company. Fairfield Museum and History Center and Connecticut Audubon Birdcraft Museum are also within 2 mi (3 km).
Property Features
Spa services, wedding services, and a garden are available at this bed & breakfast. Free continental breakfast, free WiFi in public areas, and free self parking are also provided. Other amenities include a picnic area.
Room Amenities
All 14 individually decorated rooms feature free WiFi and balconies. Kitchenettes with refrigerators and microwaves are standard, and guests will also find flat-screen TVs with cable channels and coffee makers. Limited housekeeping is available.Information missing or incorrect? Tell us!Opens in a new window
The Inn at Fairfield Beach
Bed & Breakfast Amenities
Bed & Breakfast Amenities
Guests can enjoy a complimentary breakfast. Wireless Internet access is complimentary. This Fairfield bed & breakfast also offers spa services, a garden, and a picnic area. Complimentary self parking is available on site.
The Inn at Fairfield Beach has designated areas for smoking.
- Total number of rooms - 14
- Number of floors - 3
- Free breakfast
- Designated smoking areas (fines apply)
- Designated smoking areas
- Free WiFi
- Garden
- Picnic area
- Free self parking
- Direct access to private beach
- Beach towels
- Spa services on site
- Wedding services
Family Friendly Amenities
- Free Wi-Fi
- Kitchenette
- Refrigerator
- Microwave
Available in all rooms: Free WiFi
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi
Free self parking
Room Amenities
- Balcony
- Ceiling fan
- Air conditioning
- Phone
- Free local calls
- Kitchenette
- Refrigerator
- Coffee/tea maker
- Microwave
- Limited housekeeping
- Private bathroom
- Free toiletries
- Shower/tub combination
- Iron/ironing board
- Cable TV service
- Flat-panel TV
- Free WiFi
- Individually decorated
Where to Eat
Guests are offered a complimentary continental breakfast.
Bed & Breakfast Policies
Check-in time ends at 8 PM
Check-in time starts at 3 PM
Check-out time is 11 AM
Payment types
Children and extra beds
- Children are welcome.
- Rollaway/extra beds are not available.
- Cribs (infant beds) are not available.
- Pets not allowed
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on property policy.
Bed & Breakfast Name
- Fairfield Beach
- Fairfield Beach Inn
- Inn Fairfield Beach
- The Inn At Fairfield Beach Hotel Fairfield
- The Inn At Fairfield Beach Hotel


text:
DISABLED people will be able to ride a range of different bikes during an accessible cycling open day at Moors Valley.
Activate Coast and Countryside, in partnership with Wessex Accessible Cycling Club (WACC), is holding the event on Saturday, June 21 for National Bike Week.
WACC provides cycling opportunities for disabled people and those who are unable to ride a conventional bike.
The club has a number of paracycles, including handcycles, trikes and trailer bikes, which meet the needs of those with a wide variety of impairments, and all of these will be available at the open day.
Added to this the CTC, a national cycling organisation, will be providing extra cycles and Team Hybrid, a paracycle manufacturer, will also be bringing a selection of bikes along to the event.
Moors Valley is closing off a section of the car park to provide a safe, traffic-free environment in which people can try out the bikes and, for the more adventurous, WACC will have some rides around a few of the forest trails, led by their experienced ride leaders.
Event organiser and chairman of WACC Terry Dennis said: "The open day is vital for us to promote the paracycles that we now have available at Moors Valley, and how they can make the park more accessible to people.
"They travel around the forest trails so much more easily than conventional mobility aids, so people can get to parts of the park that they would never have seen before."
The event, and the cycles based at Moors Valley, are not just for the use of disabled people, and able-bodied people are also welcome to go along and try them out.
There's no need to book, just turn up between 11am and 5pm.
For further details email email@example.com.


text:
A WOMAN from Porton who has been battling oesophageal cancer has launched a fundraising campaign to help others with the disease.
Jane Phillips, who was diagnosed 18 months ago, has started the Fundraising For Angels (Ward 17) campaign to raise money for Royal Bournemouth Hospital Ward 17, where patients with the condition are treated.
Mrs Phillips, 64, has already raised £1,100 at an event held at Salisbury Rugby Club.
And she has also organised a coffee morning in Porton on Friday, November 22, a Bouquet of Music evening at Glebe Hall on Friday, December 6 and a masked ball at Salisbury Guildhall in October next year.
"I'd like to thank everyone for their support, and the sponsors," she said.
"So far it has been a huge success and I want to continue raising awareness for oesophageal cancer. At the moment there's no trust which supports sufferers but in the future I'd like to set up a trust."
For more information about the campaign's events or to make a donation, call 07796 777131.


text:
New shorter URL: tmi.ink
Crackin', nea?
Will the tmi-comic.com URL be going away? (bookmark need adjusting & stuff)
Very COOL Idea …
Thanks, Andy.
Still use the link to the first page ("Content Warning")
What happened to the link?
Used to say tmi.ink, now it says tmi-comic.com.
Hmmm. tmi.ink still works. http://tmi.ink/2016/04/21/tmi-ink/ points to tmi.ink, while http://tmi-comic.com/2016/04/21/tmi-ink/ points to tmi-comic.com.
Weird scripting error?
Now will this post appear on both pages?
You must be logged in to post a comment.


text: In my opinion, the 2010 V6's painted grill surround makes it look quite agressive... unlike the current gen, where the V6's front has a tamer look and even a blander grill. The V6 2010's grill gives it a GT500-esque demeanor. The lower radiator opening looks vicious too... the GT's stuck with the same kind of lower opening as the current model has. Wonder whether we'll see retrofit kits where the V6's bumper cover will be swapped onto GT's and GT owners get to painting their cars' grill surrounds in body color, while retaining the inset driving lights.


text:
This course explores crochet techniques. It is advised that students wishing to study this course have some experience of crochet, but it is not a requirement for entry to the course and any previous experience need not be extensive.
Course Contents
Course Modules
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Additional lawsuit filed against former Fayetteville principal, Cumberland school board
Posted July 8, 2014
Fayetteville, N.C. — A second lawsuit has been filed against a former Fayetteville principal accused of molesting male students and the Cumberland County Board of Education.
The suit, filed July 1 on behalf of a former student who is now 16-years-old, alleges David Ellis Edwards, 49, engaged in a pattern of touching male students in a sexually inappropriate manner while he was principal of two Fayetteville middle schools. It also contends the school board took no action after the allegations were reported to district officials.
Edwards allegedly engaged in the behavior while principal of Ramsey Street Alternative School and continued after he was transferred to Douglas Byrd Middle School in 2009, according to court documents. It was at Douglas Byrd that Edwards allegedly sexually assaulted the 16-year-old multiple times during his eighth grade year in 2011-12.
The student told his grandmother about the sexual assaults in 2013 "after struggling academically and with various mental disorders for several months," the lawsuit said.
The student is suing for $90,000 in damages for:
- Battery/Assault
- False imprisonment
- Intentional infliction of emotional distress
- Negligence
- Negligent hiring, retention and supervision of defendant board and/or agents
- Negligent infliction of emotional distress, plaintiff
- Violation of state law ensuring an open and save environment for educational services
The most recent lawsuit comes on top of an additional suit filed against Edwards in April by a woman who alleged that her son, now 19, was molested while a student at Ramsey Street.
Edwards, whose most recent court appearance was scheduled for Tuesday, is charged with five counts of felony indecent liberties with a child and two counts each of felony second-degree sexual offense, felony sex offense of a student and crime against nature. The charges stem from accusations that Edwards molested at least three boys between 2009 and 2011.
Edwards resigned from Douglas Byrd in August, citing educational reasons. He was charged two months later.
Edwards has denied all allegations.


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Tahoe on My Mind
Posted by Heather Andersen | Tags: U.S. - California
Riding around Lake Tahoe had been on my mind during previous visits to that area of California, but I never quite found the right time. Determined not to miss another opportunity when I was going to be there, I flew in for a writing retreat a couple of days early, hoping for some mid-October sun rather than snow or chilly rain.
And so, with my lungs adjusting to the crisp, thin mountain air at 6,200 feet, and after the morning frost had melted on a cloudless day, I double-checked to make sure all the big signs proclaiming "No overnight parking. Cars left after midnight will be towed." meant only "No overnight parking during snow season, so we can plow." I then left my rental car parked at the Village at Squaw Valley and set off on my bike for a solo two-day, 89-mile ride.
I'd considered riding the 72 hilly miles around the lake itself in one day, but I wanted to linger, take lots of photos, and hike along the way. Plus, the literally freezing mornings and shortening daylight hours of mid-October made a long day ride much less attractive to me than a bike overnight.
Squaw Valley Road took me the two-plus miles from the village to Highway 89, where I turned south onto a trail paralleling both the highway and the Truckee River for the five miles into Tahoe City. I'd ridden this stretch previously and knew that compared to the road, the trail was much more scenic and peaceful — closer to the river, which at times drowns out the traffic noise.
Tahoe City is at the northwest "corner" of the lake. Getting into town, I continued straight onto Highway 28 rather than turning right with the trail to continue along Highway 89. You can go either way here, but I chose to ride clockwise around the lake to be as close as possible to it rather than being on the far side of the roads and having my lake views broken up by passing motor vehicles.
Tahoe City is the hub at the lake's northern shore and features large grocery stores and a selection of restaurants. I bought food for a picnic lunch and snacks here (there's also a store up the road in Kings Beach). Along Highway 28 in Tahoe City, the lake comes into view, with its clear blue waters, and mountains rising above framed by pine tress. For the next 15 or so miles, through Kings Beach to Incline Village and the Nevada state line, hilly Highway 28 plays hide-and-seek with Lake Tahoe; though it isn't always visible through the houses and fences that line its shores, the lake's calming presence is never far away — nor long hidden from view.
Passing Nevada's welcoming brigade of casinos, I turned right onto Lakeshore Drive, a bit of a shortcut but, more importantly, a break from Highway 28's faster motor traffic. Lakeshore Drive ended a few miles farther southeast, and I turned right to continue along 28, going south along the lake's east side.
The views opened up, the road stayed closer to the lake through a much less-developed area, and I took frequent photo breaks — glad to be able to just stop wherever I was with my bike and not needing a pullout big enough for cars. At Memorial Point, I explored by foot down a short, curvy trail leading to the lake and its boulder-strewn shore. Only another mile or so down the road, I turned right into Sand Harbor State Park ($1 entry fee for bikes, though they just waved me through), where I had a picnic lunch on an almost deserted beach — one of the joys of an off-season, mid-week bike overnight. The warm sun sparkled off the lake, lighting up both the day and my slightly jet-lagged mood, and tempting, but not convincing, me to dive into the lake's chilly waters. Instead of swimming, I walked along a short boardwalk trail photographing rocky nooks. The water was so clear, it reminded me of the Caribbean, though the pine trees lining the shores did not. Drinking more water than usual when I ride as I was adjusting to dry air at altitude, I was pleased to find running water in the park's one open bathroom block; the restaurant and water fountains were already out of service for the winter.
From Sand Harbor, I returned to Highway 28 and continued south. Enthralled with the lake views, I might not have even realized the road was climbing to over 7,000', except for my odometer telling me that I had slowed down.
Highway 28, a two-lane road since Lakeshore Drive, ends at Route 50, a four-to-six-lane road that would've been adequate at two lanes for the moderate traffic when I was there. Turning right onto it, I was greeted with a long descent (at least a few miles, though I wasn't watching my odometer), and flew down the smooth pavement. It was one of those the sun-in-my-face, wind-in-my-hair, lungs-full-of-fresh-air, at-one-with-my-bike, there's-nowhere-I'd-rather-be-than-right-here moments.
The descent ended, but the riding remained easy as I passed Cave Rock. Nearing the state line, the first businesses I'd seen since turning onto Lakeshore Drive sprang up. Casinos bid me farewell, without getting my business, as I crossed from Nevada back into California and South Lake Tahoe. I'd chosen not to bring camping gear through airports for just one night, since the rest of my trip didn't involve camping; so, I spent the night in one of South Lake Tahoe's many motels. (With heavy frost still on the grass at 8:30 the next morning, I didn't regret this decision.)
South Lake Tahoe is easily the biggest town along the lake, and I bought a breakfast sandwich and food for the day's ride before leaving. It's possible to ride through town on mapped bike routes that zigzag a lot, but after one trail I was on deteriorated, I primarily stuck to Highway 50. I was glad I did when I got to a freshly repaved stretch that was still closed to motor vehicles, but where a construction worker told me, "The highway patrol isn't stopping bikes from using it."
Where Highway 50 meets Highway 89, I turned right onto 89 to ride north along the lake's west side. On a whim, I followed a sign for a forest trail and turned right off Highway 89 onto a neighborhood street. I then turned left onto the trail, which wound through evergreens and provided a welcome break from traffic noise until it ended after three miles at the highway. The road soon started climbing, and I reached the only switchbacks along the lake's shore. I didn't see any signs indicating grades, but the steepest sections felt like at least 10 percent. Like switchbacks frequently do, though, they rewarded me with magnificent views, including a panorama of mountains snow-capped from an early autumn snow and mountainsides laced with golden trees. The switchbacks ended before Inspiration Point, with its views down into Emerald Bay. But the road kept climbing, forested mountains on my left and the lake to my right.
I stopped at the Vikingsholm parking area for a hike. A steep and wide, partially paved, mile-long trail took me down to the lake. After enjoying a picnic lunch, I meandered another mile or so along the unpaved Rubicon Trail, which stayed close to the lake's shore. On it I only saw a few other hikers, despite the perfect hiking weather: sunny and temps in the upper 60s.
After I hopped back on my bike, the road continued climbing for a bit; then I reached a stretch with much more descending than climbing that returned me closer to the lake's elevation. The grades were mostly gentle the rest of the way back to Tahoe City, and with this part of the west side of the lake more developed than the east, the views were more commonly obscured. A trail parallels Highway 89 for much of the last nine miles into Tahoe City. At times I rode on the trail, but it crosses 89 a lot, so at times I just stuck to the highway to keep my momentum and stay in the flow of riding, rather than stopping to wait for a break in traffic to cross.
Back in Tahoe City, my loop around the lake completed but my trip not yet over, I got back on the trail to Squaw Valley Road. I was tempted to bypass Squaw Valley and keep riding north, wondering if I could get all the way to the Canadian border before any mountain passes were closed by snow for the winter. But I had friends to meet up with in Tahoe, friends whom I haven't yet convinced to try bike touring. And so, with the Sierra Cascades Route on my mind, I ended my bike overnight, crossing one short tour off my list and adding one much longer one to it.
Tip for this adventure: If you're climbing the switchbacks along the lake's west side from south to north, as I did, be sure to look behind you for the views!
12 responses so far ↓
Bob Carruthers - Mar 5, 2012 at 4:54 PMGreat article! Heather Andersen's intrepid enthusiasm and keen attention to the beauty all around her make the reader anxious to follow in her wheel tracks.
Paolo - Mar 5, 2012 at 8:58 PMThank you, excellent post. I meant to do this for some time and I'm glad to see I'm not the only "crazy" solo rider around!
Heather Andersen - Mar 7, 2012 at 5:43 PMThanks, Bob and Paolo! And Paolo, I sense you know that although some may call us crazy, sometimes the joys of solo travel--such as following your own rhythm and, usually, meeting more locals--are so irresistable that it's simply what's right for our souls.
Nancy - Mar 21, 2012 at 8:36 AMGreat article!
Just out of curiosity, what kind of bike did you use for this trip?
Jack Irving - Mar 22, 2012 at 7:02 AMThanks for the enticement! I'll be spending a week cycling in Lake Tahoe with the MS Global cycling team September 30th - October 7th. We raise money for Multiple Sclerosis research and our beneficiary is the Accelerated Cure Project. Our rides are physically and financially challenging to mimic the challenges that individuals and their families face on a daily basis. We pay all of our expenses and all the money we raise goes to ACP. If you are around, why don't you join us?
Heather Andersen - Mar 24, 2012 at 4:04 AMThanks, Nancy and Jack!
I rode my Co-Motion Americano Co-Pilot; it has couplers, so I packed it into its suitcase and brought it with me as a regular piece of checked luggage (= for free on Southwest).
Thanks for the invite Jack, but I don't expect to be near Tahoe then. Good luck with your fundraising and ride!
Tim Viall - Apr 4, 2012 at 1:47 PMGreat article; I did the Bike Big Blue event a few years ago and your comments truly hit home. A truly spectacular route! Thanks!
Heather Andersen - Apr 5, 2012 at 8:34 AMThanks, Tim! And good to hear that you had a great ride around Tahoe, too!
Sasha - Apr 18, 2012 at 12:18 PMThanks for the fond memories. I did the 72 miles around Tahoe in Aug. 2010 - an item high up on my cycling "to do" list. Wonderful scenery everywhere, and quite a workout.
Heather Andersen - Apr 18, 2012 at 6:17 PMYou're welcome, Sasha. Thanks for your comment. I'm glad you had a wonderful ride around Tahoe, too!
Judy Tanner - Mar 28, 2015 at 7:04 PMYour journey through Africa may have had its dangers but I've always felt road riding, especially in California, is far more hazardous. Motorists are rude, inattentive, and sometimes aggressive towards cyclists. You are indeed a brave woman. That said, your description of this ride actually made me consider road riding. I've always wanted to ride along the Truckee River. The glimpses one gets of it from the highway are tantalizing.
Nice write up of a splendid ride!
Heather Andersen - Mar 29, 2015 at 6:10 PMThanks, Judy! It is truly a gorgeous ride.
I've been to the Tahoe area several times and haven't had any trouble with motorists there. Bigger picture, I find vehicular cycling--doing things like signalling turns--goes a long way to creating harmony on the roads. If you're interested in learning more and gaining confidence with road riding, the League of American Bicyclists trains instructors who teach courses throughout the country. There are never any guarantees of safety, whether on our bicycles or not, but I believe in making decisions of out love not fear and living our dreams.


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title to, and possession of, 160 acr-es of the 320 which were the subject of the action, and the further fact that in his reply the plaintiff conjunctively denied the defendant's averment that the latter held the remaining 160 acres under color of title and claim of ownership. To this it is sufficient to say that it is apparent from the record that the denial in the reply was intended as a denial of both color of title and claim of ownership by the defendant. That the court entered judgment for the plaintiff in the face of admissions in his reply is not assigned as error, and the contention that it did so is a matter with which we have nothing to do. Nor does an element of uncertainty intervene from the fact that the defendant disclaimed a portion of the land sued for. The premises which were in controversy in the action were the 160 acres of which the defendant held the possession and of which ·he claimed to be the owner. The plaintiff asserted title thereto in fee simple, under a grant from the United States. The defendant claimed under the homestead laws of the United States and by virtue of possession for a period sufficient to bar the action. If the judgment embraced lands of which the defendant disclaimed the possession and title, he is not affected thereby, nor does confusion arise therefrom as to what was th.e subject of the controversy. The judgment of the circuit court will be affirmed.
THOMPSON v. NORTHERN P A.G.
ny. CO.
(Circuit Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit. No. 462.
February 13, 1899.)
REVIEw-ApPEAL OR ERROR.
'Where a federal court, on the sale In foreclosure proceedings of ra.llroad property which has been operated by Its receivers, makes It a condition of the sale that the purchaser shall pay, in addltlon to the amount bid, as a part of the purchase price of the property, all claims which may be legally established against the receivers growing out of their operation of the road, and retains jurisdiction of the cause for the purpose of entorclng such conditions, and subsequently grants leave to a claimant to bring an appropriate action on his claim, which he does on the law Bide of the court, while any judgment recovered is required to be brought into the eqUity suit to be fixed as a lien on the property, and enforced under the decree, the action itself is a separate action at law, and is properly reviewable by writ of error.
PARTIES-ACTION ON CLAIM AGAINST RECEIVERS AFTER THEIR DISCHARGEPunCHASER OF PROPERTY.
Under a decree in a railroad foreclosure suit, which requires the purchaser of the property, as a part of the consideration therefor, to pay all valid claims against the receivers growing out of their operation of the road, and reserves the right to the court to enforce such claims against the property, the purchaser is a proper party defendant to an action on such a claim, being entitled to defend, and, in an action commenced after the property has been conveyed to It and the receivers have been discharged, it may properly be made sole defendant.
Plaintiff was wal;dng in the daytime on defendant's railroad track, across a bridge about 100 feet long, which was customarily used by the public as a footway, with the knowledge and acquiescence of the defendant. 'Vhen at about the center of the bridge plaintiff was struck and injured by an engine, which approached him from behind. The
THOMPSOli V. NORTHERN PAC.RY. CO.
showed that those In .charge or the engine :were negHgent In failing to give any signal or warning or Its approach. Both plaintiff and a companion testified that, on going upon the bridge, they loo-ked back along the track, which could be seen ror six or seven hundred feet, and that no engine was In sight. There was room upon the bridge for the plaintiff to have stepped aside and avoided Injury. Held, that plaintiff could not be said; as a matter of law, to have been guilty of contributory negligence, but, under the circumstances shown., the question was one for the jury, under proper' Instructions.
In Error to the Circuit Court of the United States for the Northern Division of the District of Washington. William 'Martin, for plaintiff in error. Crowley & Grosscup and James B. Howe, for defendant in error. Before GILBERT, ROSS, and MORROW, Circuit Judges.
ROSS, Circuit Judge. This was an action for personal injuries alleged to have been sustained by Thomas A. Thompson (in whose behalf the action was brought by his guardian), by reason of the negligent operation of an engine on the railroad of the Northern Pacific Railroad Company. At the time of the injuries the road was the property of that company, but was in the hands of, and then being operated by, certain receivers appointed by the court below, in a suit theretofore brought in that court by the Farmers' Loan & Trust Company, a New York corporation, against the Northern Pacific Railroad Company for the foreclosure of a mortgage covering its property. That suit resulted in a decree of foreclosure and sale of the road, and, although no action for the injuries here complained of had then been commenced, the court, in order to guard and protect all rights, provided in its decree, among other things, that the purchaser of the road on which the accident in question occurred "should pay, as part consideration and in addition to the sum bid [for such property], and should take the same and receive the deed therefor upon the express condition, that he" the purchaser, his successors or assigns, would pay, satisfy, and discharge, among other things, all unpaid indebtedness, obligations, and liabilities, contracted or incurred by the receivers of said Pacific Railroad Company, before delivery of possession of the property of said Northern Pacific Railroad Company, sold within the jurisdiction of said court, or to any party or parties who are citizens and residents of said district, to wit, the state of Washington, provided that an action be brought to establish such indebtedness or liability within the time, after the accruing of such indebtedness or liability, allowed by the statute of limitations of the state wherein such indebtedness or liability shall have accrued, for the commencement of suit thereon; and that in event the purchaser [of said property], after demand made, shall refuse to pay any indebtedness or liability incurred by said receivers, upon fifteen (15) days' notice to such purchaser, his successors or assigns, the person holding the claim thereon might file his petition in said court to have the said claim established and enforced against said purchaser, his successors or assigns." At the sale under this decree, the defendant to the present action, the Norther'll Pacifio Railway Company, was the purchaser of the property; and in the de93 F.--25
accoInpa,nying- the' and expr :!lsly ofthe and power to enforce alnhePfJ9visions oithe and of t:lte order of eonftrmation,."including the right to retake and resell any of the prop·this district, if sold to .such purchaser, in case such purchiser,"its succesSors or assigns, shall fail' to comply wrt);i any order of this court in respect of any payment of any of the prior indebtedness, obligations, or .liabilities lrequired .in. ,said decree, or in: ,respect of any other of the terms or conditions 'of the said decree, or of this decree, within thirty days after the such order." Thereupon the .over to. railroad, witll appurtenant, rig:ltts,. was way company, which thereupon into the and operation of the 'road, and has so continued 'ever since, subject to the terms and conditions of the decree of sale and of the order of confirmation. The'pillintiff in error was injured on one of tbetrack$ of the Northel'nPacific Railroad Company 1894, and while therdad was being by the. ,receivers. After it had been acqwred by the defendant. railway company, he presented, through his guardian, a claim for damages for the injuries so .sustained by him to the defendant railwayctlJ::rtpany, which for more than 15 days neglected and refused to pay the claim ; and thereupon the plaintiff in error, by his guardian/filed in the foreclosnre·suit a petition for leave to sue for the damages claimed to have been snstained by him, upon whichpetition the circuit court made anorder'l'eCiting, in substance, the facts abo:vestated,and directing!'that said petitioner, T. A. Thompson, by his Nels T'homps<iln, be and isJlerebypermitted to bring and prosecute an action for said injuries in the circuit court of the United States for the district ofWashingtOcn, Northern diVision, holding court at Seattle"Washington." The plaintiff in error, by his guardian, thereupon commenced on the law ,side of the same cQurtthe present action against the defendant railway company, . to recover damages for' the, injuri es alleged to sustained by him through the negligent operation by the of the receivers of an engine on railroad then in their charge, . the complaint in the ,action setting out, among other things, the facts already stated. . The action .was tried before the court with a jury, and, upon the' cQnclusion of the evidence on behalf of the plaintiff in the action, the court directed a verdict for the thereto, upon' the ground that the evidence showed such contributory negligence on the part of the injured plaintiff as precluded a recovery by him. The case is brought here by writ of error, and, on the part of the 'defendant in error and in support of the judgment given below, it is contended that, independently of the views of the trial court respecting the eV'idence, the judgment should be affirmed, on the ground that the error, if any, was without prejudice to the plaintiff in error, because, as it is claimed, the complaint does not .stateany cause ,of action against the defendant railway company. It is also the part of the defendant in error that the writ of error should be dismissed on the ground that the case was only subject to review by appeal. This latter view pro-
of -the' court !confirming the' sale ,the court imposed' the same terms
ceeds nponthetheorythat the plaintiff's· proceeding for the enforcement of his demand, although in form an independent action at law, was in reality a petition in intervention in the foreclosure suit, and should therefore be regarded as an equitable proceeding. By keeping in mind the origin of the alleged cause of action, and the proceedings necessary to enforce it, it is not difficult, we think, answer these objections. At the time of the injury comto plainedof, the road on which it occurred belonged to a corporation that had been adjudged insolvent, on which ground the court below had taken the property into its possession, and committed its operation to certain ,receivers. The insolvent corporation, the Northern Pacific Railroad Company, was not liable for any damages inflicted: in the operation of property of which it had thus been dispossessed, and in which operation it bad no control or voice. The engineer and fireman upon the engine which caused the injuries complained of were not in the employ of that company, but were employes of the receivers of the court. Those officers, in their representative capacity, were responsible for the negligent acts of their employes, but they were not personally responsible for them. Any judgment recovered upon such a cause of action could be properly satisfied, under the direction of the court having jurisdiction over it, out of the property of the insolvent company in their bands, but not out of their own property. The termination of their trust relations to the property, therefore, ended their relations to the cause of action of the plaintiff in error. They were no longer subject to be sued therefor, for they were Ilot personally liable,and they were no longer reo ceivers. Any Judgment that the plaintiff in error might have recovered during the receivei'ship would, of course, have been provided of the 'court administering the property. But the for by the court was not unmindful of the' fact that there might be obligations and liabilities not already established, incurred by the receivers, for which the property being administered by it was properly responsible; and, accordingly, in the decree directing its sale, the court pro· vided that the sale be made upon the express conditions that the pur· chaser should pay, satisfy, and discharge, among other things, all such obligations and liabilities contr-acted for or incurred by the reo ceivers before delivering over the possession of the property, provided that an intervening petition in. the foreclosure suit, or an action to establish such indebtedness or liability, "has been or shall be brought within the time, after the accruing of such indebtedness or liability, allowed by the statute of limitations of the state wherein such in· debtednessor liability shall have accrued, for the commencement of suit therein," and that such conditions should constitute a part of the consideration of the purchase. The purchase of the defendant railway company was made upon those express conditions, the sale was confirmed subject to the same conditions, and the property passed into the hands of the purchaser charged with those liabilitie;'l and obligations. And, in order to guard and protect the rights of all such claimants, as weUas those of the purchaser, the court, directing and confirming the sale, retained jurisdiction of the cause to the extent necessary to afford such protection.
FEDBRAlL ,REPORTER,
.In:,the.caseof Jessup v. Railway 'Co., 44 Fed. 663, where a railroad in tIre hands of a ,receiver of the circuit court .had been decreed to the order directed the receiver to tul'n over to the purchaser the property sold,upon the conditions, that the purchaser "agrees to, pay, satisfy, and fUlHy;diischarge all the' debts and liabilities of such receivership ofetery kind now remaining unpaid, and that it may further defend in the' name of such receiver all litigated claims or demands against such, receivership,riow pending in this or other courts, and will fullyllbide by and pay any and all judgments and recoveries, together with costs, which may be rendered in any of such actions or litigations, and always protect and save harmless the said receiver from such claims\ or any of them," the court held that the 'conditions constituted a part of the consideration exacted from the purchaser for the property, and that the adjudication of all such debts and liabilities pertained to that court, and accordingly enjoined one from proceeding in a state court to· recover damages for an act committed by the receiver, saying, among other things:
"The promise and agreement. of .':t,lre purchaser constituted an additional consideration, and therefore added ,to' imeh fund, as we have before stated; but, in good faith. to said purchaser,' It Is the duty ofthig.court to sift, scrutin,ize, alld finally determine what shall be paid and what claims shall be rejected: In order to do this satisfactorily, this court should require all parties who assert any !elaim against'such fund, or whq claim any right to recover against such purchaser because Of the stipulation'and covenant made in this court, to establish, ·such claim Jnthis tribunal. by proceedings usual in this class of cases. But if the lfaidPoUerf were permitted to prosecute his action in the st&te court, and recover: a. jUdgment therein, he would have a right to satisfy such judgment out of 'any property SUbject to levy in the hands of the purchaser, the WabaSh; Railway Company; Whereas, under the :covenank-sand .agt'eeinents .made in this: court between. the court and the purchaser,placing upon said, covenants ,tb.e legal construction hereinbefore given, any claim he might haYe o,ga.inst .the receiver was to be satisfied out of the funds arising from the sale of this mortgaged property,"
The appropriate. proceeding for_ the recovery of damages for personal injuries is an action at law, in which the parties have the constitutional right of trial by jury., So, when the plaintiff in error', .by his guardian, ,presented: :his petition to the court in the foreclosure suit, jurisdiction over which the court retained for the purpose enforcing and protectiJ:1gsuch claims, that court did not undertake to determine, in that equitable suit, the legal liability asserted by the plaintiff in error, or to assess' any damages therefor, but very properly authorized the petitioner to bring and prosecute, in the same court, an appropriate action, which he proceeded to do on its law side. Should such action result in establishing the demand, he will be required by the court to bring his judgment into the equity suit, where, ih pursliance of the decree of sale, and of the order confirming it, ;theconrt will make the judgment a lien upon the property, and enforce the lien by a sale of the property, if necessary. This fs the [email protected] and orderly course of proceedings in such cases, and secures the rights, and enforces the obligations, of all parties intended to be covered by the decree at sale and order of confirmation under which the defendant railway company purchased and took 1:heproperty from the court's receiv-
era. See Farmers' Loan & Trust Co. v. Central R. Co. of Iowa, 7 Fed. 537, 17 Fed. 758. The present proceeding, therefore, is not, as contended on behalf of the defendant in error, an equitable proceeding, but is, what it purports to.be, an action on the law side of the court, and is properly reviewable by writ of error. The motion made on behalf of the defendant in error for the dismissal of the writ is therefore denied. The next question to be determined is whether the defendant railway company is a proper defendant to the present action. It is not necessary to decide whether its promise, constituting one of the considerations for the property acquired through the receivers, to pay all liabilities incurred by them, rendered it liable to answer generally therefor. As receivers are not personally responsible·for torts committed by their subordinates, and in which they were'in no way personally concerned, it is 0 bvious, as said by the court in Farmers' Loan & Trust Co. v. Central R. Co. of Iowa, 7 Fed. 539, that such suits against them are really and substantially suits against the fund or property of which they are the custodians; for they only represent the property out of which any judgment against them, in their representative capacity, is satisfied.' In the present case, the property responsible to the plaintiff in er-' 1'01', if he shall make good his allegations, passed from the receivers under the order of sale and confirmation made bv the court to the defendant railway company, subject to the cond'ition that the property should continue charged with any liability that existed against the receivers, together with the promise on the part of the defendant railway company, made as a part of the consideration of its purchase, to pay such liability. Upon the question as to whether the liability in reality exists, the defendant company is manifestly entitled to be heard, and it was for that reason that it was made party defendant to the action; and, since the relations of the reeeivers to the cause of action of the plaintiff in error ceased upon the termination of their trust relations to the property, the defendant comp3,ny was properly made sole defendant thereto. In Sloan v. Railway Co. (Iowa) 16 N. W. 331, the Farmers' Loan & Trust Company had brought an action in the United States circuit court for the foreclosure of a mortgage executed by the Cen: tral Railroad Company of Iowa, in which suit a receiver was appointed by the court, who took possession of and operated the road. The suit resulted in the decree of sale, and subsequently in a decree directing the transfer and delivery of the property, together with all additions thereto, to the Iowa Railway Company. In the latter decree were inserted the following clauses:
"And it is further ordered that the lawful debts contracted by tbe receiver during the litigation, and the costs and expenses of such litigation, do con" stitute, and are hereby made, a first and paramount lien. upon all said property, moneys, credits, and aU additions thereto, to all other liens, and to title acqUired by the purchaser at the foreclosure sale and by the conveyance to the Central Imva Hailway Company; and since it is not desirable to further continue said property under the control of the receiver for the purpose of making net earnings for the payment of said debts, costs, .and expenses, and the creditors having been notified, and making no valid or satisfactory ohjection thereto, it is further ordered and decreed that all said claims, and
I\ll claiIl).s,.;pendil;lg in this cOJlrt, debts, andliabiiities, including the claims of attdrWeyll others, heretc:lfore referred to Special 'Master Rogers; and .re{lJ\1rWd OIJ oYhlm, ant:t i still pending :on e:¥:<leptions, shall be llresentedto the I\llr¥l qep.tral:,lowa,Railway ll,¥-d and the .!saId Oentral Iowa Rallway Company are ordered and directed to pay the saliI: delit.s, costs, and and the Creditors entitled thereto are hereby required toaccei;Jt payment thereof,: with ibterest. at ,the rate of 7, per cent. per' annum,; in one year: from: the date' lJ:ereof;andfo,r the purpose of enforcing the payment thereof, if need be, this court ""ill and does retain jurisdlctloll, of said cause for the purpose of enforcing said payment, and the lien berein provided for, without. other action ot independentpro'ceedi!lg."
In, accor'dance with this order, and decree, the .property was transrerred and accepted, by,theCentral Iowa Railway Oompany. While the road was inchargepf the:receiver, a claimJordamages was. presented to the circuit court, and permission 'asked to bring a suit against its resulting in an order by that court thaI the claimant "be, permitted to bring a suit at law.in this court, or in thedi!1trict.or: circult courts of .Iowa, on his' said ·cllilim, against theOep.:t;r,al Iowa Railway, :Railroad Company H.L. Morrill, receiver;, that, if suit is brought in the state Cqql'ts, the judgments and orders be certified ,to this court." The ClalJillQPt having broQght suit in One of the COQrts of the state, it was taken to the supreme court o.f Iowa, where that court, in speaking of the by the circuit court,said; "
, "The order made by ,the court is exceedingly broad, and .includes 'clalms, de!:1ts, an,dliabilltles.' .whom? The answer must be, the receiver, or in his hands, was liable for the Claim, debt, orliabUity. We have determined that the receiver; or rather the property in his charge, was liable for the payment of the plaintiff's claim. The appellant, therefore, received the propertych,arged with this' liability. If it had been, made a conditioll in the order that appelll!Jlt, before the property was transferred or conveyed. to It, should execute a written obligation, itself to pay this claim, and it had 'done so, its liability, we think, ,would 'not be doubted. There would have been a sufficient consideration for the, promise. What was done in legal effect amounts to the same thing. 'J'he jurisdiction of the court must be. conceded.. It nad possession of the. road throug,h, its receiver, and, during the time ,it was operated by the receiver for the court, a supposed liability to the plaintiff occurred. The COl.\rt, 'In substance, said to the appellant: 'We will discharge the receiver, aM place the road, ,and all property and tights connected therewith, In your possessIon, and' vest you with the tlUe ,tpereto, provideq,1 iYoU will assUDleand. pay all liabilities incurred durillg the tillle the roac;l. ,UfIs been operated by the receiver.' The appellant accepted the road upon the conditions' annexed. There was an offer and an acceptance. Ordinarily, this is sufficieht to constitute a contract. Whether there was a valid 'Contract or not is not material, because the appellant cannot retain the property and repudiate the conditions. If the appellant was entitled, absolutely, 'to the property, it should not .have accepted" but 'Contested, by appeal or the legality of the It is true, the appellant waS- not a party to the action of foreclosure, but It becomes a party to the order when it accepted the property. Whether the order of the court was valid Of not, we .have no occasion to determine in this collateral proceeding, because its validity is not assailed, and possibly could not. be, successfully, for the reason that appellflnt's possession, If not its title, is based thereon. We think the plaintiff is entitled, to recover of the defendant-Whether, or in what manner, fue judgment can be enforced, ,ii! not before us."
See, also, authorities supra. It remain;! to consider whether or not there was error on the vartof the oourt below in directing a verdict for the defendant.
The accident occurred on a bridge of the railroad company constructed on Hood street, in the city of Tacoma, at its intersection with Fifteenth street. The bridge is built over Fifteenth street at height as to admit of the passage of teams, as well as foot passeligers, under it. On its top were constructed three railroad tracks, separated by a solid wood fence about three feet high, extending the entire length of the bridge. Along the tracks that crossed the bridge people were accustomed to travel on foot, with the knowledge, acquiescence, and license of the railroad company. The plaintiff in error had for more than 10 months prior to his injury been accustomed to pass along them in going to and from his work. He knew that the trains and engines of the company were constantly passing over the tracks, and, consequently, that it was a place of danger. The accident occurred as he was going to his work one morning, about 7 o'clock. A number of workmen were crossing the bridge at the time, and one-a man named Larsonwas walking with plaintiff in error, but on another track. The plaintiff was walking along the left side of the middle track when he was struck. The engine that inflicted the damage approached from his rear. The evidence tended to show that no signal of 'its approach was given by those in charge of the engine. The trial court,in passing upon the defendant's motion for an instruction to the jury to return a verdict in its favor, said:
"The evidence shows that there was negligence in this case in not giving some signal,-ringing the bell. I cannot say, as a matter of law, that there was negligence in not stopping the engine when the plaintiff was seen upon the track, if he was seen by the engineer; but it would be negligence to run against him, and not stop the engine, but keep on going, and strike him, without giving some sign or warning. In a place of that kind, it is not necessarllythe duty of the engineer to stop his engine when he sees some one ahead of him on the track on foot, because he had a right to assume, in a place like that, when a man traveling afoot could get out of the way,' that he would get out of the way. * * * Now, this mueh may be assumed in the case: That there is evidence to go to the jury tending to prove that there was negligence on the part of the but, notwithstanding that negligenee, the plaintiff cannot reeo,'er, where, in making out his case, he shows by his own testimony that he was negligent in a manner whieh contrilmted to eause the injury. * '" '" As I have already said, in this testiinony it appears that there, in the clear open spaee. a man With eyes could not have failed to see the danger from this partieular loeomotive, if he was on the alert; and, if he did not look, he is guilty of negligenee; and if he did look, and saw the engine in time to have avoided the collision with it, and did not get out of the way, he is guilty of negligence. There is no escape from the proposition that his own negligenee was a contributing cause to this injury. * '" '" It would be the duty of the engineer to stop after seeing !the man, if he was in a position where it was plain that he eould not get out of the way: llUt that is not the case here. A man on any part of that brillge. by stepping a foot or two, could get out of the ",-ay of that engine,or I'will say five or six feet,-and that railing in the eenter of the bridge is notsueh an obstruetion that a man eould not get over it, or get on it. man eould have got out of the way, and the engineer had the right, if he did see him, to assume that he would get out of the way."
It is undoubtedly true that if the engineer saw the plaintiff in error, and had given warning of his approach, he would have had the right to assume that the plaintiff in error would get out of the way. But it seems that the engineer did not give any warning of
1)3 }i'EDERAL REPORTER..
the, approach of the engine; certainly"there was testimony to show that he did not. There was also testimony tending to show that tqe . plaintiff in error, just before go,ing upon the bridge, looked back to see if there was any train or. :engine approaching; that the be plainly seen for at'least six or seven hundred feet, and that no train or engine was in sight. Be as has been fo1tated,that the place was a dangerous one; but those in charge of the engin,e also knew. that people were in the habit of walking along the railroad tracks over the bridge. It was, therefore, the clear duty of the engineer to keep his eyes open and his face to the front.. It was equally the duty ;of the plaintiff in error to keep his ,eyes open; and a careful watch in both directions. Manifestly, he COUld. not look in opposite directions constantly. Whether or not he··exercised the degree of care required of him by the law ought, we tpink, to have been left to the jury, under appropriate instructions in respect to contributory negligence. It is entirely true that, when the undisputed evidence is so conclusive that the court would be compelled to set aside a verdict returned in opposition to it, it should withdr&w the case from the consideration of the jury, and direct a verdict; but ordinarily negligence and contributory negligence are questions of fact, to be passed upon by a jury. Elliott v. Railway Co., 150 U. S. 245, 14 Sup. Ct. 85, and cases there cited. Both Larson and the plaintiff in error testified that, when within five or ten feet of the bridge, they looked back over the track, which wasplain.Jy visible for six or seven hundred feet, and that no engine was in sight; yet, when about halfway across the bridge, the whole length of which did not exceed 100 feet, the plaintiff in error was run over by the engine approaching from the rear. Where the engine came from does not clearly appear. On the part of the defendant in error it was endeavored to be shown that it was on a !;lwitch as the plaintiff passed, and that it had to make two switches, and move 700 feet, before overtaking the plaintiff in error. Its counsel cite certain portions of the testimony in their brief, and say:
; "It is clear from the foregoing abstract of the testimony that, had the plaintiff looked around at any time while the engine which struck him made two switches and moved over a distance of 700 feet, he would have seen the engine in time to. have escaped. One of the two following conclusions is thereinevitable: (1) That, before goir\g on the bridge, the plaintiff did not look for the engine; .01', (2) if he did look, he saw the engine and took his chances. In either event, he .contributed to the accident, and cannot recover."
tn response, to a somewhat silllilar argument, the court, in the 313, 322, said: case of Low Y. Railway Co., 72
"Defendant's'ctlunsel put the dilemma thus: 'If the night Is light en(\ugh to see the gangway, no railing or light is necessary to enable a person to avoid it; and if the night Is too dark to allow of its being seen, then a person groping around in the dark, and unconsciously walking into it, Is guilty of such Ilegligence ·as to preclude him from But, this plausible statement is aqsolutely correct, there never can' be an accident of this description . for which the injured party' can recover. The Idea seem;; to be that there is no necessity for any precautions on the part of the wharf owners, because Constant vigilance on the part of those who come there when It Is light enough
to see the danger will enable them to avoid it; and, duty or no duty, they must not come without a light in the nighttime, or they will be set down as wanting in ordinary care, and so forfeit their right to protection or compensation. The argument establishes, jf anything, too much. The questions are not of a character to be disposed of by a little neat logic. They are rather, as remarked by the court in EIIlott v. Pray, 10 Allen, 384, 'questions which can be best determined by practical men, on a view of all the facts and circumstances bearing on the issue.' No such sweeping syllogism as this presented by defendant's counsel can be adopted as a rule of decision."
'We are of the opinion that the case should have been submitted to the jury under appropriate instructions. The judgment is versed, and cause remanded to the court below for a new trial.
SOUTHEHN RY. CO. v. POSTAL TEL. CABLE CO. (Circuit Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit. March 30, 1899.) No. 298.
WRIT OF ERROR-FINAl. ORDER.
An order in condemnation proceedings'appointing commissioners to assess the damages is not a final order, to which a writ of error will lie.
In Error to the Circuit Court of the United States for the WesteJ'n District of North Carolina.
On June 11, 1898, the Postal Telegraph Cable Company, a corporation of New York, filed in the office of the clerk of the superior court of Guilford county, N. C., a petition, making the Southern Railway Company the sole defendant, to obtain by condemnation the right to construct, maintain, and operate a telegraph line along and upon the right of WHy of the Southern HHilwHy CompHny, from a point on the state line between the states of North Carolina Hnd Virginia south to Charlotte, and from Greensboro, in Guilford countY,to the city of Haleigh, passing through the intervening counties, the whole distance being about 193 miles. This petition was filed under the provisions of chapter 49 of the Code of North Carolina of 1883, and under sections 2007 to 2013, which provide that any telegraph company, incorporated in North Carolina or any other state, shall have the right to construct, maintain, and operate lines of telegraph along any railroad in that state, to be so constructed and maintained as not to obstruct or hinder the usual travel on said railroad, upon making just compensation therefor, and further providing in what manner proceedings for condemning such a: right should be conducted. The Southern Hailway a corporation of Virginia, appeared and .ftled Its petition for removal on the ground of diverse citizenship, and such proceedings were had that the case was removed into the circuit court of the United 'States fOr the- 'Western district of North Carolina. Opinion of Judge Simonton, 88 Fed. 803. The railway company resisted the proceedin!!,s upon various grounds,-among others, that there was then no law in North Carolina providing for the condemnation of land or rights of way for the use of telegraph companies; that, if there was such a law, the petition of the telegraph company did not in essential partlculars follow it; and that the petition was too vague and uncertain in its statement of the nature of the tenure by which the railroad company held the right of way over which the easement for the telegraph company was sought to be condemned. These objections were overruled (opinion. of .Judge Simonton, 89 l!'ed. 190), and the court ordered, on September 15, 1898, as in'ovided by section 1945 of the North Carolina Code of 188a; that three commissioners be appointed to assess the damages which the railway would sustain by reason of the erection of the petitioner's telegraph line in the manner proposed, and that they should hear tile testimony, and. make their award in writing, and file it 'with the clerk of fhe court. Subsequently, upon the petition of the railway company for leave to answer the original petition, leave was granterl


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I completed my 1st four marathons w/o gels [before they were common place]. Water, Gatorade, carbo loading is all I need. Over the years as I ran higher mileage I began to rely less on gels and stopped using them entirely. Confidence is born in training but in my case that confidence was based on my speed endurance for 10k rather than my actual prep for the marathon.
Gels are a fairly recent development compared to the several hundred/thousand year history of the sport. I know the event can be done without using anything, and I want to do my best to do it.
I feel it's an unnecessary supplement that you train your body to need it by using it. But who knows, experience will tell!
There are a lot of new developments in the history of this sport. At one time participants (all men of course) were encouraged to gorge on steak and other "manly" foods right before the race and to skip water for 24 hours. Now we know better. The human body can generally store enough glycogen to generate 2 hours' worth of energy; this is why you feel OK during your 14 miler without any special supplements. After 18 miles, it's a different story. I'm assuming your long run pace will keep you out on the road for 3+ hours, and for the full 26.2, you will definitely want to figure out what works best for you to keep you going. (BTW people who hit "the wall" are generally glycogen depleted. There's nothing scary about it, just feels lousy when your body runs out of fuel.)
This doesn't mean you have to spend a fortune on special drinks or gels/chews. Some people swear by raisins, pretzels, and gummy bears. But gel/chews are 1.highly portable and 2.easily digestable on the go. During my long training runs, I generally take a gel every 6-7 miles (I swear by Hammer Gel because it's so easily digested). I follow this same schedule during the marathon. During the heat of summer I will also include watered down Gatorade in my hydration packs.
Back to your original question, no. I'd run many halfs over the course of a couple years before my first marathon in 2001. My long runs were up to 17 miles already, so I gave myself a little over 2 months to train for my first. Followed my own training schedule and I guess I was lucky enough to avoid people who made me feel nervous about my endeavor. I had a great experience. If you plan carefully and surround yourself with positive people, you won't be terrified. And really, what's the worst thing that could happen? You might have to walk. You won't come in last, though.


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LONDON, OCT. 22, 2007 (Zenit.org).- Here is the text of a letter sent to the organizing committee of the Women Deliver conference, held to discuss the issue of maternal mortality Oct. 18-21 in London. Various participating associations sent the text at the end of the conference, stating disappointment that instead of addressing the real health care needs of women and children, the agenda focused on promoting the ideology and practice of abortion.
* * *
London, Oct. 20, 2007
Delivered to: Jill Sheffield, president, Family Care International and the Organizing Committee Dr. Asha-Rose Migiro, deputy secretary-general of the United Nations and Honorable Mary Robinson, president of Realizing Rights and conference honorary co-chair.
We, the undersigned organizations, wish to express our profound disappointment and dismay that the Women Deliver conference has failed to meet its stated objective of addressing Millennium Development Goal 5, which is to reduce maternal mortality and morbidity.
Delegates were invited to attend a global conference on the causes, prevention and treatment of the complications of pregnancy and childbirth, which lead to the deaths of so many mothers, particularly in developing countries, and to consider effective solutions.
Regrettably, the conference agenda was so preoccupied with promoting the ideology and practice of abortion that the genuine health care needs of women and children were virtually ignored in the plenary sessions and overwhelmed in the panel discussions.
Numerous U.N. reports, such as "The World's Women 2005: Progress in Statistics," have concluded that accurate data about maternal mortality, including abortion, are not available, especially for the developing world. Therefore, the presentation of unsubstantiated and unreliable data on illegal abortion as fact can only be seen as a deliberate attempt to mislead the conferees and the international community.
To assert that "unsafe abortions" are only those that are illegal, and to subsequently imply that legal abortion is therefore safe, is both disingenuous and scientifically flawed. The fact that the WHO [World Health Organization] will not be collecting information on the morbidity and mortality related to legal abortion is unconscionable if there is truly a commitment to accurate and meaningful data collection on morbidity and mortality statistics.
The consistent assertions that improvements in the maternal mortality rate are dependent on the promotion of legal abortion not only diverts attention from the urgent need for basic heath care, skilled birth attendants and emergency obstetrics, it threatens to undermine the field of obstetrics and gynecology if implemented on a wide scale.
Furthermore, we oppose the fact that:
— Members of the organizing committee, including the International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF) and Marie Stopes International, who have financial interests in the provision of abortion, have used the conference to promote a private agenda to spread abortion throughout the developing world;
— The organizing committee has attempted to manufacture a false consensus by ensuring that only the views that reinforced its preconceived ideas were represented during the conference;
— The conference has sidelined the main issues related to maternal mortality (basic health conditions based on vaccine availability, clean water, sanitation, basic nutritional supplementation, primary medical postnatal and perinatal care, fistula, female genital mutilation, hemorrhage, sepsis, obstructed labor, eclampsia). Such sidelining is a serious act of negligence that leads not only to continuing, but increasing, the risks associated with maternal health.
We call upon the conference partners to focus on basic health care, skilled attendants and emergency obstetrics, which have been the key to decreasing maternal mortality in the developed world, instead of exploiting the tragedy of maternal mortality to promote abortion rights.
— Instituto De Política Familiar (IPF), ECOSOC consultative status with the United Nations.
— Concerned Women for America (CWA), ECOSOC consultative status with the United Nations.
— MaterCare International (MCI), ECOSOC consultative status with the United Nations.
— World Federation of Catholic Medical Associations (FIAMC), ECOSOC consultative status with the United Nations.
— United Families International (UFI), ECOSOC consultative status with the United Nations.
— Society for the Protection of Unborn Children (SPUC), ECOSOC consultative status with the United Nations.
— World Union of Catholic Women's Organisations (WUCWO), ECOSOC consultative status with the United Nations.
— Federación Española de Asociaciones Provida, ECOSOC consultative status with the United Nations.
— Catholic Family and Human Rights Institute (C-FAM)
— American Association of Prolife Obstetricians and Gynecologists (AAPLOG)
— Instituto Mujer y Vida, Spain
— Comité Nacional Provida de México, A.C.
— Asociación Mexicana Cultura de la Vida[Text adapted]