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Table of Contents
The checklist below has been created to simplify the upgrading process of old packages. This list is not official or normative. It only provides an indication of what has changed and whether you are likely to need to make changes to your package in light of this. If you have doubts about a certain topic, if you need more details, or if you think some other package does not comply with policy, please refer to the Policy Manual itself.
All of the changes from version 3.0.0 onwards indicate which section of the Policy Manual discusses the issue. The section numbering should still be accurate for changes back to the 2.5.0 release. Before that point, the sections listed here probably no longer correspond to sections in the modern Policy Manual.
Here is how the check list works: Check which policy version your
package was checked against last (indicated in the
Standards-Version field of the source package).
Then move upwards until the top and check which of the items on the
list might concern your package. Note which sections of policy
discuss this, and then check out the Policy Manual for details.
Once you've made all necessary changes to match the current rules,
update the value of
Standards-Version to the
current Policy Manual version.
The sections in this checklist match the values for the
Standards-Version control field in omitting the
minor patch version, except in the two anomalous historical cases
where normative requirements were changed in a minor patch release.
Released August, 2017.
Priorities are now used only for controlling which packages
are part of a minimal or standard Debian installation and
should be selected based on functionality provided directly to
users (so nearly all shared libraries should have a priority
optional). Packages may now depend on
packages with a lower priority.
extra priority has been deprecated and
should be treated as equivalent to
optional. All
priorities should be changed to
Packages with a priority of
optional may
conflict with each other (but packages that both have a
priority of
standard or higher still may
not conflict).
New section documenting the
Testsuite field in
Debian source control files.
Shared libraries must now invoke ldconfig by means of triggers, instead of maintscripts.
Packages are recommended to use debhelper tools instead of invoking update-rc.d and invoke-rc.d directly.
Policy's description of how the local system administrator may modify the runlevels at which a daemon is started and stopped, and how init scripts may depend on other init scripts, have been removed. These are now handled by LSB headers.
Policy's specification of the console messages that should
be emitted by
init.d scripts has been
removed. This is now defined by LSB, for sysvinit, and is
not expected to be followed by other init systems.
Packages installing a Free Desktop entry must not also install a Debian menu system entry.
The prohibition against depending on environment variables for reasonable defaults is only for programs on the system PATH and only for custom environment variable settings (not, say, a sane PATH).
Released May, 2017.
config.sub and
config.guess should be updated at build
time or replaced with the versions from
TARGET set of
dpkg-architecture variables and new
DEB_*_ARCH_BITS and
DEB_*_ARCH_ENDIAN variables.
DEB_BUILD_OPTIONS tag,
nodoc, which says to suppress documentation
generation (but continue to build all binary packages, even
documentation packages, just let them be mostly empty).
Automatically-generated debug packages do not need to have a
corresponding paragraph in
debian/control. (This is existing
practice; this Policy update is just clearer about it.)
Colons are not permitted in upstream version numbers.
Build-Depends-Arch and
Build-Conflicts-Arch fields are now
The recommended package name for shared library development
files is now
libraryname-dev or
The stable release of Debian supports
/run, so packages may now assume that it
exists and do not need any special dependency on a version of
New optional
try-restart standard init
script argument, which (if supported) should restart the
service if it is already running and otherwise just report
Support for the
status init script argument
is recommended.
Packages must not call
scripts directly even as a fallback, and instead must always
use invoke-rc.d (which is essential and
shouldn't require any conditional).
Instructions for upstart integration removed since upstart is no longer maintained in Debian.
Packages may not install files in both
/ and
/usr/, and
must manage any backward-compatibility symlinks so that they
don't break if
/ and
/usr/ are
the same directory.
Packages should assume device files in
/dev are dynamically managed and don't
have to be created by the package. Packages other than those
whose purpose is to manage
/dev must not
create or remove files there when a dynamic management
facility is in use. Named pipes and device files outside of
/dev should normally be created on demand
via init scripts, systemd units, or similar mechanisms, but
may be created and removed in maintainer scripts if they must
be created during package installation.
Checking with the base-passwd maintainer is no longer required (or desirable) when creating a new dynamic user or group in a package.
Dependencies on *-doc packages should be at most Recommends (Suggests if they only include documentation in supplemental formats).
The Mozilla Public License 1.1 and 2.0 (MPL-1.1 and MPL-2.0)
are now included in
/usr/share/common-licenses and do not
need to be copied verbatim in the package
copyright file.
https form of the copyright-format URL
is now allowed and preferred in the
The Perl search path now includes multiarch directories. The vendor directory for architecture-specific modules is now versioned to support multiarch.
adventure virtual package for
implementations of the classic Colossal Cave Adventure game.
httpd-wsgi3 virtual package for Python
3 WSGI-capable HTTP servers. The existing
httpd-wsgi virtual package is for Python 2
WSGI-capable HTTP servers.
virtual-mysql-server-core, and
virtual-mysql-testsuite virtual packages
for MySQL-compatible software.
Released April, 2016.
The menu system is deprecated in favor of the FreeDesktop menu standard. New requirements set for FreeDesktop menu entries.
New instructions for registering media type handlers with the FreeDesktop system, which automatically synchronizes with mailcap and therefore replaces mailcap registration for packages using desktop entries.
Released February, 2016.
Symbolic links must not traverse above the root directory.
32bit UIDs in the range 65536-4294967293 are reserved for dynamically allocated user accounts.
Empty field values in control files are only permitted in the
debian/control file of a source package.
debian/rules: required targets must not
attempt network access.
recommend to ship additional documentation for package
pkg in a separate package
pkg-doc and install it into
Released September, 2014.
The FHS is relaxed to allow a subdirectory of
/usr/lib to hold a mixture of
architecture-independent and architecture-dependent files,
though directories entirely composed of
architecture-independent files should be located in
The FHS requirement for
to exist if
/lib64 or
/usr/lib64 exists is removed.
An FHS exception has been granted for multiarch include files,
permitting header files to instead be installed to
Binaries must not be statically linked with the GNU C library, see policy for exceptions.
It is clarified that signature appearing in debian/changelog should be the details of the person who prepared this release of the package.
The default web document root is now
java1-runtime and
java2-runtime are removed,
javaN-runtime and
javaN-runtime-headless are added for all N
between 5 and 9.
httpd-wsgi for WSGI capable HTTP
Perl packages should use the
%Config hash
to locate module paths instead of hardcoding paths in
Perl binary modules and any modules installed into
$Config{vendorarch} must depend on the
Released October, 2013.
Control data fields must not start with the hyphen character
-), to avoid potential confusions when
parsing clearsigned control data files that were not properly
Checksums-Sha1 and
Checksums-Sha256 are now mandatory in
.dsc files.
DM-Upload-Allowed field is obsolete.
Permissions are now granted via
dak-commands files.
New section documenting the
field in Debian source control files.
New section documenting the
field in source package control files.
New section documenting the
Dgit field in
Debian source control files.
The exception to the FHS for the
was removed.
Packages should remove all obsolete configuration files
without local changes during upgrades. The
dpkg-maintscript-helper tool, available
from the
dpkg package
since Wheezy, can help with this.
The name of the files and directories installed by binary packages must be encoded in UTF-8 and should be restricted to ASCII when possible. In the system PATH, they must be restricted to ASCII.
Stop recommending to serve HTML documents from
Packages distributing Info documents should use
install-info's trigger, and do not
need anymore to depend on
dpkg (>= 1.15.4) |
escape capability is now documented.
mp3-decoder and
mp3-encoder are removed.
Released August, 2012.
New tasks archive section.
build-arch and
build-indep are now mandatory targets in
New section documenting the
Vcs-* fields,
which are already in widespread use. Note the mechanism for
specifying the Git branch used for packaging in the Vcs-Git
The deprecated relations < and > now must not be used.
Built-Using field, which must be used
to document the source packages for any binaries that are
incorporated into this package at build time. This is used to
ensure that the archive meets license requirements for
providing source for all binaries.
Policy for dependencies between shared libraries and other
packages has been largely rewritten to document the
symbols system and more clearly document
handling of shared library ABI changes.
symbols files are now recommended over
shlibs files in most situations. All
maintainers of shared library packages should review the
entirety of this section.
Packages must not assume the
directory exists or is usable without a dependency on
initscripts (>= 2.88dsf-13.3) until the
stable release of Debian supports
Packages including MIME configuration can now rely on triggers and do not need to call update-mime.
New section documenting general requirements for alternate init systems and specific requirements for integrating with upstart.
All copyright files must be encoded in UTF-8.
Released February, 2012.
New archive sections education, introspection, and metapackages added.
Architecture field in
*.dsc files may now contain the value
any all for source packages building both
architecture-independent and architecture-dependent packages.
If a dependency is restricted to particular architectures, the list of architectures must be non-empty.
/run is allowed as an exception to the
FHS and replaces
/run/lock replaces
/var/lock. The FHS requirements for the
older directories apply to these directories as well.
Backward compatibility links will be maintained and packages
need not switch to referencing
directly yet. Files in
/run should be
stored in a temporary file system.
New section spelling out the requirements for packages that
use files in
/var/run, or
/var/lock. This generalizes information
previously only in 9.3.2.
Cron job file names must not contain
. or
+ or they will be ignored by cron. They
should replace those characters with
_. If
a package provides multiple cron job files in the same
directory, they should each start with the package name
(possibly modified as above),
-, and then
some suitable suffix.
Packages using doc-base do not need to call install-docs anymore.
Packages that declare the same
conffile may
see left-over configuration files from each other even if they
The Policy rules around Motif libraries were just a special case of normal rules for non-free dependencies and were largely obsolete, so they have been removed.
debian/copyright is no longer required to
list the Debian maintainers involved in the creation of the
package (although note that the requirement to list copyright
information is unchanged).
Version 1.0 of the "Machine-readable
debian/copyright file" specification is
This separate document has been retired and and its (short) contents merged into Policy section 9.7. There are no changes to the requirements.
Packages may declare an interest in the
perl-major-upgrade trigger to be
notified of major upgrades of perl.
ttf-japanese-{mincho, gothic} is renamed to
fonts-japanese-{mincho, gothic}.
Released April, 2011.
Multiple clarifications throughout Policy where "installed" was used and the more precise terms "unpacked" or "configured" were intended.
The maintainer address must accept mail from Debian role
accounts and the BTS. At least one human must be listed with
their personal email address in
if the maintainer is a shared email address. The duties of a
maintainer are also clearer.
All control fields are now classified as simple, folded, or multiline, which governs whether their values must be a single line or may be continued across multiple lines and whether line breaks are significant.
Parsers are allowed to accept paragraph separation lines containing whitespace, but control files should use completely empty lines. Ordering of paragraphs is significant. Field names must be composed of printable ASCII characters except colon and must not begin with #.
DM-Upload-Allowed field is now
The system state maintainer scripts can rely upon during each possible invocation is now documented. In several less-common cases, this is stricter than Policy had previously documented. Packages with complex maintainer scripts should be reviewed in light of this new documentation.
The impact on system state when maintainer scripts that are part of a circular dependency are run is now documented. Circular dependencies are now a should not.
The system state when postinst and prerm scripts are run is now documented, and the documentation of the special case of dependency state for postrm scripts has been improved. postrm scripts are required to gracefully skip actions if their dependencies are not available.
GNU/Hurd systems are allowed
/hurd and
/servers directories in the root
Packages installing to architecture-specific subdirectories of
/usr/lib must use the value returned by
dpkg-architecture -qDEB_HOST_MULTIARCH, not
by dpkg-architecture -qDEB_HOST_GNU_TYPE;
this is a path change on i386 architectures and a no-op for
other architectures.
mailx is now a virtual package provided by
packages that install /usr/bin/mailx and
implement at least the POSIX-required interface.
Released July, 2010.
Date-based version components should be given as the four-digit year, two-digit month, and then two-digit day, but may have embedded punctuation.
Maintainer scripts must pass
--package to
dpkg-divert when creating or removing
diversions and must not use
Only dpkg-gencontrol supports variable
substitution. dpkg-genchanges (for
*.changes) and
dpkg-source (for
*.dsc) do not.
Architecture restrictions and wildcards are also allowed in binary package relationships provided that the binary package is not architecture-independent.
Conflicts and
should only be used when there are file conflicts or one
package breaks the other, not just because two packages
provide similar functionality but don't interfere.
The SONAME of a library should change whenever the ABI of the library changes in a way that isn't backward-compatible. It should not change if the library ABI changes are backward-compatible. Discourage bundling shared libraries together in one package.
Ada Library Information (
*.ali) files
must be installed read-only.
Packages should normally not include a
shlibs.local file since we now have
shlibs coverage.
The SONAME of a library may instead be of the form
.la files should not be installed
for public libraries. If they're required (for
libltdl, for instance), the
dependency_libs setting should be emptied.
Library packages historically including
.la files must continue to include them
dependency_libs emptied) until all
libraries that depend on that library have removed or emptied
.la files.
Libraries no longer need to be built with
-D_REENTRANT, which was an obsolete
LinuxThreads requirement. Instead, say explicitly that
libraries should be built with threading support and to be
thread-safe if the library supports this.
/bin/sh scripts may assume that
kill supports an argument of
-, that
kill and trap support
the numeric signals listed in the XSI extension, and that
signal 13 (SIGPIPE) can be trapped with
Use of
for logrotate rules is now recommended.
Control information files should be owned by
root:root and either mode 644 or mode 755.
Packages providing alternatives for editor, pager, x-terminal-emulator, or x-window-manager should also provide a slave alternative for the corresponding manual page.
Cgi-bin executable files may be installed in subdirectories of
/usr/lib/cgi-bin and web servers should
serve out executables in those subdirectories.
The GPL version 1 is now included in common-licenses and
should be referenced from there instead of included in the
copyright file.
Released June, 2010.
The required format for the date in a changelog entry and in the Date control field is now precisely specified.
A control paragraph must not contain more than one instance of a particular field name.
Checksums-Sha1 and
Checksums-Sha256 fields in
*.dsc and
files are now documented and recommended.
Format field of
.changes files is now 1.8. The
Format field syntax for source package
.dsc files allows a subtype in
parentheses, and it is used for a different purpose than the
Format field for
.changes files.
The syntax of the
Maintainer field is now
must rather than should.
The comma separating entries in
is now must rather than should.
Architecture wildcards may be used in addition to specific
architectures in
debian/control and
*.dsc Architecture fields, and in
architecture restrictions in build relationships.
Maintainer scripts are no longer guaranteed to run with a controlling terminal and must be able to fall back to noninteractive behavior (debconf handles this). Maintainer scripts may abort if there is no controlling terminal and no reasonable default for a high-priority question, but should avoid this if possible.
Breaks should be used with
Replaces for moving files between packages.
Breaks should normally be used instead of
Conflicts for transient issues and moving
files between packages. New documentation of when each should
be used.
Conflicts with
Provides if only one provider of a virtual
facility can be installed at a time.
All shared library development files are no longer required to
be in the
-dev package, only be available
when the
-dev package is installed. This
allows the
-dev package to be split as long
as it depends on the additional packages.
The UID range of user accounts is extended to 1000-59999.
init.d scripts are a possible exception
from the normal requirement to use
set -e
in each shell script.
The UCB BSD license was removed from the list of licenses that
should be referenced from
/usr/share/common-licenses/BSD. It
should instead be included directly in
debian/copyright, although it will still
be in common-licenses for the time being.
SETTITLE is now documented (it has been
supported for some time).
SETTITLE is like
TITLE but takes a template instead of a
string to allow translation.
perl-base now provides
instead of a package based solely on the Perl version. Perl
packages must now depend on
falling back on
$Config{version} if
$Config{debian_abi} is not set.
Packages using
Makefile.PL should use
DESTDIR rather than
PREFIX to install into the package staging
PREFIX only worked due to a
Debian-local patch.
Released January, 2010.
An FHS exception has been granted for multiarch libraries.
Permitting files to instead be installed to
/lib/triplet and
/usr/lib/triplet directories.
Packages may not contain named pipes and should instead create them in postinst and remove them in prerm or postrm.
/sys and
directories are explicitly allowed as an exception to the FHS.
Released August, 2009.
DEB_*_ARCH_CPU and DEB_*_ARCH_OS variables are now documented and recommended over GNU-style variables for that information.
Source package Architecture fields may contain all in combination with other architectures. Clarify when all and any may be used in different versions of the field.
The Debian archive software does not support uploading to
multiple distributions with one
The Binary field may span multiple lines.
Shared library packages are no longer allowed to install
libraries in a non-standard location and modify
ld.so.conf. Packages should either be
installed in a standard library directory or packages using
them should be built with RPATH.
Installation directories for X programs have been clarified.
Packages are no longer required to pre-depend on x11-common
before installing into
Manual pages are no longer required to contain only characters representable in the legacy encoding for that language.
Localized man pages should either be kept up-to-date with the original version or warn that they're not up-to-date, either with warning text or by showing missing or changed portions in the original language.
install-info is now handled via triggers so packages no longer need to invoke it in maintainer scripts. Info documents should now have directory sections and entries in the document. Packages containing info documents should add a dependency to support partial upgrades.
The requirement for Perl modules to have a versioned Depend
and Build-Depend on
perl >= 5.6.0-16 has
been removed.
Released June, 2009.
The list of archive sections has been significantly expanded. See this debian-devel-announce message for the list of new sections and rules for how to categorize packages.
All packages must use debconf or equivalent for user prompting, though essential packages or their dependencies may also fall back on other methods.
The requirements for source package names are now explicitly spelled out.
Legacy XFree86 servers no longer get a special exception from
the FHS permitting
Removed obsolete dependency requirements for packages that use
Speedo fonts are now deprecated. The X backend was disabled starting in lenny.
The GNU Free Documentation License version 1.3 is included in common-licenses and should be referenced from there.
Released March, 2009.
Care should be taken when adding functionality to essential and such additions create an obligation to support that functionality in essential forever unless significant work is done.
Changelog files must be encoded in UTF-8.
Some format requirements for changelog files are now "must" instead of "should."
Alternative changelog formats have been removed. Debian only supports one changelog format for the Debian Archive.
New nocheck option for DEB_BUILD_OPTIONS indicating any build-time test suite provided by the package should not be run.
All control files must be encoded in UTF-8.
debian/control allows comment lines
starting with # with no preceding whitespace.
Init scripts ending in .sh are not handled specially. They are not sourced and are not guaranteed to be run by /bin/sh regardless of the #! line. This brings Policy in line with the long-standing behavior of the init system in Debian.
The start action of an init script must exit successfully and not start the daemon again if it's already running.
/var/run and
/var/lock may be mounted as temporary
filesystems, and init scripts must therefore create any
necessary subdirectories dynamically.
/bin/sh scripts may assume that local can
take multiple variable arguments and supports assignment.
User mailboxes may be mode 600 and owned by the user rather than mode 660, owned by user, and group mail.
Released June, 2008.
The base section has been removed. contrib and non-free have been removed from the section list; they are only categories. The base system is now defined by priority.
If dpkg-source -x doesn't provide the source that will be compiled, a debian/rules patch target is recommended and should do whatever else is necessary.
Standardized the format of DEB_BUILD_OPTIONS. Specified permitted characters for tags, required that tags be whitespace-separated, allowed packages to assume non-conflicting tags, and required unknown flags be ignored.
Added parallel=n to the standardized DEB_BUILD_OPTIONS tags, indicating that a package should be built using up to n parallel processes if the package supports it
Debian packages should not use convenience copies of code from other packages unless the included package is explicitly intended to be used that way.
If dpkg-source -x doesn't produce source ready for editing and
building with dpkg-buildpackage, packages should include a
debian/README.source file explaining how
to generate the patched source, add a new modification, and
remove an existing modification. This file may also be used
to document packaging a new upstream release and any other
complexity of the Debian build process.
The Uploaders field in debian/control may be wrapped.
An empty Debian revision is equivalent to a Debian revision of 0 in a version number.
New Homepage field for upstream web sites.
The Breaks field declares that this package breaks another and prevents installation of the breaking package unless the package named in Breaks is deconfigured first. This field should not be used until the dpkg in Debian stable supports it.
Clarify which files should go into a shared library package, into a separate package, or into the -dev package. Suggest -tools instead of -runtime for runtime support programs, since that naming is more common in Debian.
Files in
must be configuration files (upgraded from should). Mention
the hourly directory.
Packages providing
files need not conflict with
xbase (<<
126.96.36.199a-2), which is long-obsolete.
Manual pages in locale-specific directories should use either the legacy encoding for that directory or UTF-8. Country names should not be included in locale-specific manual page directories unless indicating a significant difference in the language. All characters in the manual page source should be representable in the legacy encoding for a locale even if the man page is encoded in UTF-8.
The Apache 2.0 license is now in common-licenses and should be
referenced rather than quoted in
Packages in contrib and non-free should state in the copyright file that the package is not part of Debian GNU/Linux and briefly explain why.
Underscore (_) is allowed in debconf template names.
Released December, 2007.
Package version numbers may contain tildes, which sort before anything, even the end of a part.
Scripts may assume that
/bin/sh supports
local (at a basic level) and that its test builtin (if any)
supports -a and -o binary logical operators.
The substitution variable ${binary:Version} should be used in place of ${Source-Version} for dependencies between packages of the same library.
Substantial reorganization and renaming of sections in the Debian menu structure. Packages with menu entries should be reviewed to see if the menu section has been renamed or if one of the new sections would be more appropriate.
The Source field in a .changes file may contain a version number in parentheses.
The acceptable values for the Urgency field are low, medium, high, critical, or emergency.
The shlibs file now allows an optional type field, indicating the type of package for which the line is valid. The only currently supported type is udeb, used with packages for the Debian Installer.
Packages following the Debian Configuration management specification must allow for translation of their messages by using a gettext-based system such as po-debconf.
GFDL 1.2, GPL 3, and LGPL 3 are now in common-licenses and should be referenced rather than quoted in debian/copyright.
Released October, 2006.
This release broke the normal rule against introducing normative changes without changing the major patch level.
Maintainer scripts must not be world writeable (up from a should to a must)
Released April, 2006.
It is now possible to create shared libraries without relocatable code (using -fPIC) in certain exceptional cases, provided some procedures are followed, and for creating static libraries with relocatable code (again, using -fPIC). Discussion on email@example.com, getting a rough consensus, and documenting it in README.Debian constitute most of the process.
Packages should install any relevant files into the
/usr/include/X11/ and
/usr/lib/X11/, but if they do so, they
must pre-depend on
x11-common (>=
Released April, 2006.
Packages shipping web server CGI files are expected to install
them in
/usr/lib/cgi-lib/ directories.
This location change perhaps should be documented in NEWS
Web server packages should include a standard scriptAlias of
cgi-lib to
The version of FHS mandated by policy has been upped to 2.3.
There should be no changes required for most packages, though
new top level directories
/srv, etc. may be of interest.
All fields, apart from the Uploaders field, in the control file are supposed to be a single logical line, which may be spread over multiple physical lines (newline followed by space is elided). However, any parser for the control file must allow the Uploaders field to be spread over multiple physical lines as well, to prepare for future changes.
When scripts are installed into a directory in the system PATH, the script name should not include an extension that denotes the scripting language currently used to implement it.
packages that invoke initscripts now must use invoke-rc.d to do so since it also pays attention to run levels and other local constraints.
We no longer use
/usr/X11R6, since we
have migrated away to using Xorg paths. This means, for one
thing, fonts live in
/usr/share/fonts/X11/ now, and
/usr/X11R6 is gone.
Released June, 2005.
Recommend doc-base, and not menu, for registering package documentation.
Run time support programs should live in subdirectories of
/usr/lib/ or
/usr/share, and preferably the shared lib
is named the same as the package name (to avoid name
It is recommended that HTTP servers provide an alias /images to allow packages to share image files with the web server
Released August, 2003.
Prompting the user should be done using debconf. Non debconf user prompts are now deprecated.
Released July, 2003.
Restructuring causing shifts in section numbers and bumping of the minor version number:
Many packaging manual appendices that were integrated into policy sections are now empty, and replaced with links to the Policy. In particular, the appendices that included the list of control fields were updated (new fields like Closes, Changed-By were added) and the list of fields for each of control, .changes and .dsc files is now in Policy, and they're marked mandatory, recommended or optional based on the current practice and the behavior of the deb-building tool-chain.
Elimination of needlessly deep section levels, primarily in the chapter Debian Archive, from which two new chapters were split out, Binary packages and Source packages. What remained was reordered properly, that is, some sects became sects etc.
Several sections that were redundant, crufty or simply not designed with any sort of vision, were rearranged according to the formula that everything should be either in the same place or properly interlinked. Some things remained split up between different chapters when they talked about different aspects of files: their content, their syntax, and their placement in the file system. In particular, see the new sections about changelog files.
Added Games/Simulation and Apps/Education to menu sub-policy
Debian changelogs should be UTF-8 encoded.
shared libraries must be linked against all libraries that they use symbols from in the same way that binaries are.
build-depends-indep need not be satisfied during clean target.
Released May, 2003.
packages providing the x-terminal-emulator virtual package ought to ensure that they interpret the command line exactly like xterm does.
Window managers compliant with the Window Manager Specification Project may add 40 points for ranking in the alternatives
Released March, 2003.
The section describing the Description: package field once again has full details of the long description format.
Clarified that if a package has non-build-essential build-dependencies, it should have them listed in the Build-Depends and related fields (i.e. it's not merely optional).
When asked to restart a service that isn't already running, the init script should start the service.
If the purpose of a package is to provide examples, then the
example files can be installed into
/usr/share/doc/package (rather than
Released November, 2002.
It is no longer necessary to keep a log of changes to the upstream sources in the copyright file. Instead, all such changes should be documented in the changelog file.
Build-Depends-Indep, and
Build-Conflicts-Indep must also be
satisfied when the clean target is called.
A new Apps/Science menu section is available
debconf specification cleared up, various changes.
It is no longer recommended to create symlinks from nonexistent manual pages to undocumented(7). Missing manual pages for programs are still a bug.
Released August, 2002.
Packages no longer have to ask permission to call MAKEDEV in postinst, merely notifying the user ought to be enough.
cryptographic software may now be included in the main archive.
task packages are no longer permitted; tasks are now created by a special Tasks: field in the control file.
window managers that support netwm can now add 20 points when
they add themselves as an alternative for
The default compilation options have now changed, one should provide debugging symbols in all cases, and optionally step back optimization to -O0, depending on the DEB_BUILD_OPTIONS environment variable.
Added mention of build-arch, build-indep, etc, in describing the relationships with `Build-Depends', `Build-Conflicts', `Build-Depends-Indep', and `Build-Conflicts-Indep'. May need to review the new rules.
Changed rules on how, and when, to invoke ldconfig in maintainer scripts. Long rationale.
Added the last note in 3.5.6 upgrading checklist item regarding build rules, please see below
Released July, 2001.
Emacs and TeX are no longer mandated by policy to be priority standard packages
Programs that access docs need to do so via
/usr/share/doc, and not via
/usr/doc/ as was the policy previously
Putting documentation in
/usr/doc versus
/usr/share/doc is now a ``serious''
policy violation.
For web servers, one should not provide non-local access to
/usr/share/doc hierarchy. If one
can't provide access controls for the http://localhost/doc/
directory, then it is preferred that one ask permission to
expose that information during the install.
There are new rules for build-indep/build-arch targets and there is a new Build-Depend-Indep semantic.
Released May, 2001.
Manpages should not rely on header information to have alternative manpage names available; it should only use symlinks or .so pages to do this
Clarified note in 220.127.116.11 upgrading checklist regarding examples and templates: this refers only to those examples used by scripts; see section 10.7.3 for the whole story
Included a new section 10.9.1 describing the use of dpkg-statoverride; this does not have the weight of policy
Clarify Standards-Version: you don't need to rebuild your packages just to change the Standards-Version!
Plugins are no longer bound by all the rules of shared libraries
Clarification of priority levels of X Window System related packages
Rules for defining x-terminal-emulator improved
X Font policy rewritten: you must read this if you provide fonts for the X Window System
Packages must not ship
X-related packages should usually use the regular FHS locations; imake-using packages are exempted from this
OpenMotif linked binaries have the same rules as OSF/Motif-linked ones
Released April, 2001.
The system-wide mail directory is now /var/mail, no longer /var/spool/mail. Any packages accessing the mail spool should access it via /var/mail and include a suitable Depends field;
The perl policy is now part of Debian policy proper. Perl programs and modules should follow the current Perl policy
Released April, 2001.
Build-Depends arch syntax has been changed to be less ambiguous. This should not affect any current packages
Examples and templates files for use by scripts should now
live in
/usr/share/<package> or
/usr/lib/<package>, with symbolic
links from
as needed
Released February, 2001.
X app-defaults directory has moved from
/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/app-defaults to
Released February, 2001.
dpkg-shlibdeps now uses objdump, so shared libraries have to be run through dpkg-shlibdeps as well as executables
Released January, 2001.
Font packages for the X Window System must now declare a dependency on xutils (>= 4.0.2)
Released January, 2001.
This release broke the normal rule against introducing normative changes without changing the major patch level.
Daemon startup scripts in
should not contain modifiable parameters; these should be
moved to a file in
Files in
/usr/share/doc must not be
referenced by any program. If such files are needed, they
must be placed in
/usr/share/<package>/, and symbolic
links created as required in
Much of the packaging manual has now been imported into the policy document
Released August, 2000.
A package of priority standard or higher may provide two binaries, one compiled with support for the X Window System, and the other without
Released August, 2000.
By default executables should not be built with the debugging option -g. Instead, it is recommended to support building the package with debugging information optionally.
Policy for packages where the upstream uses HTML changelog files has been expanded. In short, a plain text changelog file should always be generated for the upstream changes
Please note that the new release of the X window system (3.2) shall probably need sweeping changes in policy
Policy for packages providing the following X-based features has been codified:
X server (virtual package xserver)
X terminal emulator (virtual package x-terminal-emulator)
X window manager (virtual package x-window-manager, and
alternative, with priority calculation guidelines)
X fonts (this section has been written from scratch)
X application defaults
Policy for packages using the X Window System and FHS issues has been clarified;
No package may contain or make hard links to conffiles
Noted that newer dpkg versions do not require extreme care in always creating the shared lib before the symlink, so the unpack order be correct
Released November, 1999.
Correction to semantics of architecture lists in Build-Depends etc. Should not affect many packages
Released October, 1999.
/usr/doc/<package> has to be a
symlink pointing to
/usr/share/doc/<package>, to be
maintained by postinst and prerm scripts.
Introduced source dependencies (Build-Depends, etc.)
/etc/rc.boot has been deprecated in
favour of
/etc/rcS.d. (Packages should
not be touching this directory, but should use update-rc.d
update-rc.d is now the only allowable way
of accessing the
links. Any scripts which manipulate them directly must be
changed to use update-rc.d instead. (This is because the
file-rc package handles this information in an incompatible
Architecture-specific examples go in
/usr/lib/<package>/examples with
symlinks from
or from
Updated FHS to a 2.1 draft; this reverts
/var/state to
Added MIME sub-policy document
VISUAL is allowed as a (higher priority) alternative to EDITOR
Modified liblockfile description, which affects mailbox-accessing programs. Please see the policy document for details
If a package provides a changelog in HTML format, a text-only version should also be included. (Such a version may be prepared using lynx -dump -nolist.)
Description of how to handle version numbers based on dates added
Released July, 1999.
Added the clarification that the .la files are essential for the packages using libtool's libltdl library, in which case the .la files must go in the run-time library package
Released June, 1999.
Debian formally moves from the FSSTND to the FHS. This is a major change, and the implications of this move are probably not all known.
Only 3 digits of the Standards version need be included in control files, though all four digits are still permitted.
The location of the GPL has changed to
/usr/share/common-licenses. This may
require changing the copyright files to point to the correct
location of the GPL and other major licenses
Packages that use libtool to create shared libraries must include the .la files in the -dev packages
Use logrotate to rotate log files
section 5.8 has been rewritten (Programs for the X Window System)
There is now an associated menu policy, in a separate document, that carries the full weight of Debian policy
Programs which need to modify the files
/var/log/wtmp and
/var/log/lastlog must be installed setgid
Released October, 1998.
Please note that section numbers below this point may not match the current Policy Manual.
Rearranged the manual to create a new Section 4, Files
Section 3.3 ("Files") was moved to Section 4. The Sections that were Section 4 and Section 5 were moved down to become Section 5 and Section 6.
What was Section 5.5 ("Log files") is now a subsection of the new Section 4 ("Files"), becoming section 4.8, placed after "Configuration files", moving the Section 4.8 ("Permissions and owners") to Section 4.9. All subsections of the old Section 5 after 5.5 were moved down to fill in the number gap.
Modified the section about changelog files to accommodate
upstream changelogs which were formatted as HTML. These
upstream changelog files should now be accessible as
Symlinks are permissible to link the real, or upstream, changelog name to the Debian mandated name.
Clarified that HTML documentation should be present in some package, though not necessarily the main binary package.
Corrected all references to the location of the copyright files.
The correct location is
Ratified the architecture specification strings to cater to the HURD.
Released April, 1998.
symbolic links within a toplevel directory should be relative, symbolic links between toplevel directories should be absolute (cf., Policy Weekly Issue#6, topic 2)
manpages for games should be installed in
/usr/man/man6 (cf., Policy Weekly
Issue#6, topic 3)
ldconfig must be called in the postinst script if the package installs shared libraries (cf., Policy Weekly Issue #6, fixes:bug#20515)
Released January, 1998
/bin/sh may be any POSIX compatible shell
scripts including bashisms have to specify
/bin/bash as interpreter
scripts which create files in world-writable directories
(e.g., in
/tmp) should use tempfile
or mktemp for creating the directory
symbolic links referencing compressed files must have the same file extension as the referenced file
/dev/tty* serial devices should be used
instead of
/etc/init.d scripts have to
provide the following options: start, stop, restart,
the reload option is optional and must never stop and restart the service
cron jobs that need to be executed more often than daily
should be installed into
removed section about how to register HTML docs to `menu' (the corresponding section in 4.4, Web servers and applications, has been removed in policy 220.127.116.11 already, so this one was obsolete)
details about how the backspace and delete keys should be handled
no program must depend on environment variables to get a reasonable default configuration
/etc/news/organization and
/etc/news/server should be supported by
all news servers and clients
programs requiring a non-free Motif library should be provided as foo-smotif and foo-dmotif package
if lesstif works reliably for such program, it should be linked against lesstif and not against a non-free Motif library
games for X Windows have to be installed in
/usr/games, just as non-X games
Released September, 1997.
new section `4.2 Daemons' including rules for
/etc/rpc, and
updated section about `Configuration files': packages may not touch other packages' configuration files
MUAs and MTAs have to use liblockfile
Released July, 1997.
added section 4.1 `Architecture specification strings': use <arch>-linux where <arch> is one of the following: i386, alpha, arm, m68k, powerpc, sparc.
detailed rules for
user ID's
editor/pager policy
cron jobs
device files
don't install shared libraries as executable
app-defaults files may not be conffiles
Released March, 1997.
two programs with different functionality must not have the same name
"Webstandard 3.0"
"Standard for Console Messages"
Libraries should be compiled with `-D_REENTRANT'
Libraries should be stripped with strip --strip-unneeded
Released September, 1996.
No hard links in source packages
Do not use dpkg-divert or update-alternatives without consultation
Shared libraries must be installed stripped


text:
An enhanced libvirt-cim package is now available for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.
The libvirt-cim package contains a Common Information Model (CIM) provider based on Common Manageability Programming Interface (CMPI). It supports most libvirt virtualization features and allows management of multiple libvirt-based platforms.
- Previously, the libvirt-cim migration indications did not contain any UUID (universally unique identifier) values. This update adds the UUID values to migration indications and improves the ability of the management software to track migrated virtual machines.
- Previously, Virtual Ethernet Port Aggregator (VEPA) and VSI (Virtual Station Interface) networking capabilities were not supported. This update provides support for both VEPA and VSI.
All libvirt-cim users are advised to upgrade to this updated package, which adds these enhancements.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
DNA Tests May Prove Bigfoot Is Real
Next fall Spike TV is getting into the Bigfoot hunting reality TV game with a show called '10 Million Dollar Big Foot Bounty.'
They might want to have their checkbook ready.
See the Cast of 'National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation' Then and Now
'National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation' was the third, and considered by many to be the best, installment in the 'Vacation' franchise.
Like its predecessors, it was written by John Hughes and starred Chevy Chase and Beverly D'Angelo. Unlike the other movies in the series, the "vacation" took place at the Griswold's home during the holiday season.
'Reply All' Is Not Just Annoying, Also Bad for Business
Just about everybody who has used email in a business setting has a "reply all" horror story.
'The 12 Days Of Christmas' Would Cost Over 100 Grand
If you've ever had the urge to bring the lyrics of the seminal holiday song 'The 12 Days of Christmas' to life, this may not be the best year to do it.
Co-Anchors Quit On-Air After News Broadcast
Cindy Michaels and Tony Consiglio anchored the evening news together for WVII in Bangor, Maine.
On Tuesday, they resigned their positions together right before signing off for the final time.
School Forbids 13-Year Old Boy From Growing Mustache For Movember
Gus Hooker of Bedforshire, England has a couple really good reasons to take part in "Movember," the month-long initiative to raise awareness and funds for men's cancer research.
The first is that the 13-year old's grandfather is currently recovery from cancer. The second is that Hooker is the rare 13-year-old who can grow a solid mustache.
Hostess Going Out of Business, Your Childhood Weeps
5-Hour Energy Drink Could Maybe Kill You
You think you know exactly what you are getting when you drink a 5-Hour Energy, because its name is so obvious and descriptive But what its name doesn't tell you is that those five hours of energy might just kill you.(*dramatic trumpet blast*)
Japanese Pepsi Could Actually Make You Skinnier
First there was soda, carbonated sugar water that was sure to expand your waistline. Then there was "diet" soda, which didn't add any calories to the equation but was sweetened with chemicals that may not be so great for you.
Now, in Japan, there is something called Pepsi Special. This drink is so chock-full of chemicals -- mainly indigestible dextrin -- that there are claims it can actually make you skinnier.
Should Recreational Marijuana Be Legal? — Survey of the Day
One of the biggest stories out of last week's election was that voters in Colorado and Washington State chose to legalize marijuana. States like California had previously approved medical marijuana, but Colorado and Washington are the first to also approve cannabis for recreational use.
Chinese Airline Demands Odor Free Pilots, Sniffs Armpits at Job Interviews
A pilot should have good vision and fast reflexes, that much is a given. But Hainan Airlines has an additional requirement for its pilots, which is a bit harder to explain...
Twins Barack Obama and Mitt Romney Are Born to a Woman in Kenya
Thanks to his Kenyan ancestry, it stands to reason there are a lot of little Barack Obamas running around Kenya at the moment—and now there will also be at least one Mitt Romney.


text:
(2015-01-10 20:48)nickr Wrote:(2015-01-10 17:48)hermy65 Wrote:I assumed you had different sources set up for the two computers and were scraping on each one.(2015-01-10 00:59)nickr Wrote: On your adult computer use VideosAdult and on the kids use VideosKids. Or whatever names you prefer.
I still feel like im missing something with this. Lets say i have already set up the database and done the export/import on my main machine that has everything on it. Then i go to my child machine and add the sql info to the advancedsettings and then just add the name tag of Kids or whatever and it automatically just shows the Kids stuff? It seems like there is a step missing somewhere in there where i would have to define which folders or libraries or locations need to be associated with a name tag
I have two clients, 1 has everything on it and the other only has kids stuff on it


text:
If Trojan fans are not familiar with Indianapolis (IN) Warren Central now, they will be soon enough.
Premium Content
Subscribe today to read the full article and get everything Rivals has to offer.
- Member-only message boards
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text:
Mark Wahlberg, Rob Pattinson, Claire Danes Rock HBO Golden Globes Party
HBO's party this year was greeted by great weather, which made for a wonderful setting for the celebs to get their celebration on. Many stars headed right to the Circa 55 restaurant after the ceremony.
Sean "Diddy" Combs sat and chatted with The Fighter nominee Mark Wahlberg, snacking on steaming risotto, kale, grilled veggies, sea bass and beef with tomatoes. Ricky Gervais rested and laughed after his Globe hosting duties at a nearby table, sans jacket. Olivier Martinez rubbed elbows while his girlfriend Halle Berry finished her dinner and Rob Pattinson seemed to float about the crowd.
Check out all of our coverage from the 2011 Golden Globes here!
Claire Danes was rejoicing in her win for best actress, but said she was already tired. "I'm going to be exhausted tomorrow," she added.
The party's green, brown and yellow Mod geometric theme extended to the carpet, pillows, table cloths and chairs. Sculptural golden pillars and burning candles on floating round islands decorated the patio's outdoor pool.


text:
After violating probation, Reed sentenced to state prison
RENSSELAERVILLE — Rebecca Reed was sentenced to one to three years in state prison on Wednesday after she pleaded guilty, in front of Judge Roger McDonough in Albany Country Supreme Court, to violating the terms of her felony probation.
The 35-year-old woman from Lake Luzerne was arrested in Rensselaerville on Feb. 9, 2013, after she drove through a stop sign and into a snow bank, striking a utility pole, according to a release from Albany County District Attorney David Soares.
When emergency personnel arrived at the scene, Reed became belligerent, and punched one of the first responders in the face, refused to give her name and address, had an open bottle of liquor in her purse, and showed multiple signs of intoxication, the release said; after being taken into custody, Reed refused to submit to a chemical test to determine her blood alcohol content.
Following the arrest, Reed pleaded guilty to aggravated unlicensed operation of a motor vehicle, a felony, and driving while intoxicated, a misdemeanor, and was sentenced to six months of weekends at Albany County's jail, as well as three years' probation for the DWI, concurrent with five years of felony probation for the aggravated unlicensed operation conviction.
When Reed pleaded guilty, she was informed that, if she failed to follow the conditions of her felony probation, the court could find her in violation of the conditions and sentence her to time in state prison, said the release.
Reed had agreed to be bound by the terms of the probation.
However, after she was sentenced, she admitted to taking heroin, failing to report to the Albany County jail as directed, and failing to report a change of address to the Albany County Probation Department.
As a result, the court found her in violation of her felony probation, and sentenced her to one to three years in state prison on the aggravated unlicensed operation conviction, with a concurrent six months in state prison for the DWI, to be followed by three years of probation and the installation of an ignition interlock device, the release said.
The case was prosecuted by Vehicular Crimes Unit Bureau Chief Marty Tanner-Richter.


text:
45-13 43rd Street
Long Island City, New York, 11104
Commute to Downtown New York
Daily errands do not require a car.
Transit is convenient for most trips.
Flat as a pancake, good bike lanes.
About your score
45-13 43rd Street has a Walk Score of 97 out of 100. This location is a Walker's Paradise so daily errands do not require a car.
45-13 43rd Street is a three minute walk from the 7 Flushing Local at the 46 St stop.
This location is in the Long Island City neighborhood in New York. Nearby parks include Lance Corporal Thomas P Noonan Playground, Torsney Playground and Joe Sabba Park.
Explore how far you can travel by car, bus, bike and foot from 45-13 43rd Street.
45-13 43rd Street has excellent transit which means transit is convenient for most trips. Car sharing is available from RelayRides and Zipcar.
Rail lines:
7 Flushing Local
0.1 mi
E 8 Avenue Local
0.7 mi
M QNS BLVD-6th AVE/ Myrtle Local
0.7 mi
R Broadway Local
0.7 mi
N Broadway Express
0.9 mi
Q Broadway Express
0.9 mi
7X Flushing Express
1.0 mi
1.0 mi
West Hempstead
1.0 mi
City Zone
1.0 mi
Bus lines:
Q32 Jackson Heights - Penn Station
0.1 mi
B24 Williamsburg - Greenpoint
0.2 mi
Q60 Queens Boulevard
0.2 mi
Q104 Broadway - 48 Street
0.2 mi
Car shares:
View all Long Island City apartments on a map.
Popular apartment searches include fitness, top floor and pool.
45-13 43rd Street is in the Long Island City neighborhood. Long Island City is the 63rd most walkable neighborhood in New York with a neighborhood Walk Score of 95.
Moving to New York from another city? View our moving to New York guide.


text:
Santa Cruz ready to quit Blackburn in summer
Roque Santa Cruz claims he has told Blackburn he wants to leave the club at the end of the season.
"I have already told them (Blackburn) and they know that before the transfer window closes I would like to continue my career at a bigger, more ambitious team," he told Radio Nanduti.
"Even though I haven't heard anything, I haven't changed my mind.
"I think it will be very difficult for me to play again this season because of the recovery. Our last league match is on May 24 and I also need a couple of days for my knee to physically recover."
The former Bayern Munich frontman could, therefore, have played his last match for Blackburn, as he does not intend to take to the field again before he is 100% fit.
Santa Cruz last week underwent an arthroscopy in Germany, which showed "a minor degree of wear and tear". He had the joint washed out but did not require any active surgical procedure.
"I had to clean the zone of the cruciate ligament operation I had three or four years ago because there was some liquid there," he said.
"When I had the tendonitis in the left knee, it made the other leg overwork. That's why it got worse and I needed the surgery.
"Now, it is up to the knee. The recovery time is between four and six weeks and I will not hurry. The most important thing is to play without any problems.
"I will wait for my knee to be perfect, no matter how long it takes."
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text:
*While the United States and Costa Rica tangle in a friendly tonight at Home Depot Center (11 p.m. ET on ESPN2, Galavision and ESPN3.com), many other CONCACAF teams are engaged in more serious matters: 2014 World Cup qualifying. The second round begins today, with the Americans most keen about the results from groups E and F as the winner of each of those quartets will join the USA and Jamaica in the semifinal round next summer. The favorites are Guatemala (E) and Haiti (F). Today Guatemala hosts St. Vincent & Grenadines while Haiti welcomes the U.S. Virgin Islands. D.C. United's Dwayne De Rosario, the MLS player of the month for August, leads Canada's campaign against St. Lucia. For all the groups and matches, click here.
*The United States has already finalized one friendly in October (Honduras in Miami) and is close to locking in a second, against Ecuador. Initial reports placed the match in Connecticut, but the Insider has learned that location isn't accurate and the game will be held elsewhere on the East Coast. The USSF is also negotiating two matches in November; both are almost certain to take place overseas.
*Off to a 2-0-0 start for the first time since 2006, the University of Maryland will host Stanford (0-1-0) at Ludwig Field tonight (7:30 p.m. ET, Fox Soccer Channel). The Maryland women's team (3-0-1) will precede the men's match at 4 p.m., when it faces Saint Louis (1-2-0). Combined, the Maryland squads boast a 19-1 goal difference.
For more.....
*Elsewhere on the local college scene, American Coach Todd West earned his 100th career victory in a 3-2 triumph over George Washington in the opener of the 11th annual D.C. College Cup in Fairfax, Va. In the second match, George Mason mauled Howard, 9-0. The tournament continues Saturday with GW facing Howard at 5 p.m., and AU and GMU at 7:30.
*Commonwealth rivals Virginia and Virginia Tech are both entered in the Hokie Invitational, but as ACC members scheduled to play a league match later this season, won't face one another in Blacksburg this weekend. Wisconsin and Cincinnati are the opponents for each side.


text:
THE SEAL JUDGMENTSReligion July 1, 2014
This sermon is from the series UNDERSTANDING REVELATION and was preached on Sunday, June 29, 2014 at Cornerstone Baptist Church in Cherry Log, Georgia by Pastor Paul Mims. You can hear this sermon at www.csbccl.org
Revelation 6 – 7All of us have philosophical questions about life for which we have not yet found all the answers. My wife, Janice, encountered two young Frenchmen who had been in America only seven days. They had come to Georgia to study agriculture. After talking with them for a while she asked if they had faith in God. One of the young men said, "No." And then she asked, "Why?" And he said, "That is a very hard question to answer. She then said, "I want to give you the greatest truth that has ever come to the mind of man." They listened intently and she said, "Jesus loves you!" Immediately, the young man responded, "Then why are there so many people suffering and being killed all over the earth?" He felt that he could not believe in God who allowed such human suffering. This is one of the great dilemmas in the minds of people today. If God is truly on his throne, if he rules the affairs of men, why do we see such bloodshed and suffering?
The scripture we study today deals with that. But it is important that we get the big picture first. Chapters 6 – 18 deal with the seven year period that we know as the "great tribulation." Although some of the conditions were present in the first century and are so in our day, the major emphasis is centered in a seven year period.
It is also important to understand that faithful Christians have various interpretations of the Revelation. There are four major interpretations and several variations within each of these. First, the preterist, or past, interpretation sees the events described in Revelation as happened in the first century under the Roman Empire. Second, is the historical, which sees Revelation as a panoramic view of church history from the time of the early church to the end of time. Third, is the idealist approach which sees revelation as just the cosmic struggle between good and evil and is not really actual historical or prophetic events. Fourth, is the futurist approach which sees Chapters 1-5 as historical and 6-22 as future. This is the approach we shall take in this study.
In the series VISIONS OF CHRIST, we have already considered chapters 4 and 5. Today, we come to chapter 6. There are four things I want you to see about this passage. You remember the setting. The Apostle John is exiled on the Island of Patmos. On the Lord's Day he is given a vision most awesome. He is invited to see the throne of God with thousands upon thousands of angels giving praise to God. He sees the twenty-four elders seated around the throne. He sees the Lamb go and take the scroll out of the hand of the One who sits on the throne. The scroll is sealed with seven seals. The scroll is the unveiling of the prophecies of what will happen at the end of time.
Where we take up today, the Lamb of God, Jesus, has the scroll in his hand and all of heaven and creation is saying to him, "You are worthy to open the seals and show us God's judgments on the earth." These are known as the "Seal Judgments."
"Then I saw when the Lamb broke one of the seven seals, I heard one of the four living creatures saying as with a voice of thunder, "Come!" I looked, and behold a white horse, and he who sat on it had a bow; and a crown was given to him, and he went out conquering and to conquer." (vv.1-2)
This IS the beginning of the seven Seal judgments followed by the Seven Trumpet judgments and the Seven Bowl judgments. These judgments will cover chapters 6 -16.
As the Lamb holds the scroll in his hands he will break the seals and the first four deal with the problem of human suffering. It is told why there is suffering in the earth. The reason is that unregenerate man desires conquest and it is unfolded by the four horsemen. John saw first the white horse of conquest riding across history. The bow was the symbol of the Parthians who ruled the area outside the Roman Empire which is now Iran. These were the people that the Romans feared. Today, we see the desire for conquest by the militant Islamist who want to spread their control over Syria and Iraq, all of the middle East, Africa, and eventually over the whole world.
The second seal is opened and a rider on a red horse is seen riding across history.
"When He broke the second seal, I heard the second living creature saying, "Come!" And another, a red horse, went out; and to him who sat on it, it was granted to take peace from the earth, and that men would slay one another, and a great sword was given to him." (vv.3-4)
War has always brought great suffering to people. Studies has shown that since 3600 B.C., there have been only 292 years of world peace. There have been almost 15,000 wars in which over four billion people have been killed. It is estimated that current wars are costing the world economies over $1 million per minute.
You can see that as the white and red horsemen of conquest and war ride across history that great suffering is caused.
"Most of the Psalms were born in difficulty. Most of the Epistles were written in prisons. Most of the greatest thoughts of the greatest thinkers of all time had to pass through the fire. Bunyan wrote Pilgrim's Progress from jail. Florence Nightingale, too ill to move from her bed, reorganized the hospitals of England. Semiparalyzed and under the constant menace of apoplexy, Pasteur was tireless in his attack on disease. During the greater part of his life, American historian Francis Parkman suffered so acutely that he could not work for more than five minutes as a time. His eyesight was so wretched that he could scrawl only a few gigantic words on a manuscript, yet he contrived to write twenty magnificent volumes of history.
Sometimes it seems that when God is about to make preeminent use of a man, he puts him through the fire." Tim Hansel, You Gotta Keep Dancing. And then another horseman comes.
"When He broke the third seal, I heard the third living creature saying "Come!" I looked and behold, a black horse; and he who sat on it had a pair of scales in his hand. And I heard something like a voice in the center of the four living creatures saying, "A quart of wheat for a denarius, and three quarts of barley for a denarius; and do not damage the oil and the wine." (vv.5-6)
This a picture of famine. A denarius was the wage for a full day's work.
A man would have to work a full day for a loaf of bread. Famine always follows war and conquest. Now who is causing human suffering? It is the evil in the hearts of mankind. Why doesn't God put a stop to it? He will – when the judgments for man's sin are completed.
And there is a fourth horseman.
"When the Lamb broke the fourth seal, I heard the voice of the fourth living creature saying, "Come!" I looked and behold, an ashen horse; and he who sat on it had the name Death; and Hades was following with him. Authority was given to them over a fourth of the earth, to kill with sword and famine and with pestilence and by the wild beasts of the earth." (vv.7-8)
These horsemen are riding today, but not like a time that is coming. It is going to get far worse than anything we can imagine who have lived in freedom in the greatest nation on earth. And God will stop it when all of the judgments are complete. But people cannot see that even today these conflicts are God's judgments on human sin.
Someone asked C.S. Lewis, "Why do the righteous suffer?" "Why not?" he replied. "They're the only ones who can take it."
"When the Lamb broke the fifth seal, I saw underneath the altar the souls of those who had been slain because of the word of God, and their testimony which they had maintained; and they cried out with a loud voice saying, "How long, O Lord, holy and true, will you refrain from judging and avenging our blood on those who dwell on earth? And there was given to each of them a white robe; and they were told that they should rest for a little while longer, until the number of their fellow servants and their brethren who were to be killed even as they had been would be completed also." (vv.9-12)
Let's try to get perspective. When John was given this vision in about 95 A.D., it had been less than twenty-five years since the Romans had destroyed Jerusalem in 70 A.D. Josephus, the Jewish historian, said that over one million and one hundred thousand people were killed. Nero lit up his gardens with burning saints. Domitian and other rulers gave the crowds a cheap thrill on their Roman Holidays by crucifying Christians in the Coliseum or feeding them to the lions. The Apostle Paul, the champion missionary of the early church had been beheaded. Peter, the Apostle to the Jews had been crucified. Most of the other Apostles had been martyred. They cried out to the Lord, "Why don't you stop it?" And God said, "I will make everything right when the judgments are complete."
Christians are being martyred at an increased pace in some parts of the world today. Wherever militant Islam goes they believe that it is a service to God to kill Christians. Everything is not going to be alright for a while. Christians will suffer until sin has had its day. Then God will answer the question of human suffering.
The sixth seal is broken and John said, "I looked when He broke the sixth seal, and there was a great earthquake, and the sun became black as sackcloth made of hair, and the whole moon became like blood…Then the kings of the earth and the great men and the commanders and the rich and the strong and every slave and free man hid themselves in the caves and among the rocks of the mountains; and they said to the mountains and to the rocks, "Fall on us and hide us from the presence of Him who sits on the throne, and from the wrath of the Lamb: for the great day of their wrath has come, and who is able to stand?" (v.12, vv15-17)
The sixth seal is the same as Mathew 24 as Jesus told his disciples: "But immediately after the tribulation of those days the sun will be darkened, and the moon will not give its light, and the stars will fall from the sky, and the powers of the heavens will be shaken." (v.29)
Just before the death of actor W.C. Fields, a friend visited Fields' hospital room and was surprised to find him thumbing through a Bible. Asked what he was doing with a Bible, Fields replied, "I'm looking for loopholes."
There is an interlude between the sixth and seventh seals. This is when the true believers of Israel and the multitude of Gentiles are taken to be with the Lord before the severe Trumpet and Bowl judgments are put into effect. The 144,000 which is twelve thousand from each of the twelve tribes which is a way of saying all who are redeemed will be sealed for service during this period. This is when it seems the rapture of the church occurs – between the sixth and seventh seal. Christian believers will go through the first part of the tribulation but will be taken to heaven before the severe wrath of God is poured out on evil in the final judgments which is known as "The Day of The Lord."
Notice the glorious hope of the redeemed. John expresses it this way: "After these things I looked, and behold, a great multitude which no one could count, from every nation and all tribes and peoples and tongues, standing before the throne and before the Lamb, clothed in white robes, and palm branches were in their hands; and they cry out with a loud voice saying, "Salvation to our God who sits on the throne, and to the Lamb. And all the angels were standing around the throne and around the elders and the four living creatures, and they fall on their faces before the throne and worshiped God, saying, "Amen, blessing and glory and wisdom and thanksgiving and honor and power and might be to our God forever and ever. Amen."
Then one of the elders answered, saying to me, "These who are clothed in white robes, who are they and where have they come from?" I said to him, "MY Lord, you know." And he said to me, "These are the ones who come out of the great tribulation, and they have washed their robes and made them white in the blood of the Lamb. For this reason, they are before the throne of God; and they serve Him day and night in His temple; and He who sits on the throne will spread His tabernacle over them. They will hunger no longer, nor thirst anymore; nor will the sun beat down on them, nor any heat; for the Lamb in the center of the throne will be their shepherd, and will guide them to springs of the water of life; and God will wipe every tear from their eyes." (7:9-17)


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Johannesburg – Lucas Sithole fell under a train at the age of 12, losing both his legs and half of his right arm. And that's exactly why in the world of quadriplegic wheelchair tennis, he is considered one of the lucky ones.
Sithole is ranked second in the world in the quads division, and this year has his sights set on unseating American world number one David Wagner, who has been the most dominant quads player for over a decade and is the South African's biggest challenge in this week's Airports Company South Africa SA Open at Ellis Park.
But it's because of the nature of his disability that Sithole has a very good chance of doing so.
"Lucas had no spinal cord injury, like most quads players. He is an amputee, so this gives him quite an advantage," said Canadian Sarah Hunter, herself one of the top wheelchair tennis players in the world and a close friend of Wagner's.
"Most of us had spinal cord injuries. This means we have limited functionality in our hands, our wrists and our arms. And we're missing certain abdominal muscles as well.
"But a player like Lucas has full arm and upper body function, so this makes him much stronger."
Apart from his greater strength, one of the key benefits of this is that Sithole can change his grip during play, where most quads players have to strap the racquet to their hands and have a fixed grip for the entire match.
Another key difference is that quads players with spinal cord injuries have largely lost their capacity to sweat. During a physical sport such as tennis, this becomes a slippery slope for them in terms of hydration during a match.
"Sweat cools the body down, and we don't have that. So playing in the heat is really a challenge for us," she said.
"That's why most quads matches are scheduled first up or late in the day. Hydration is also a challenge because we have to hydrate, but can't drink too much. The whole preparation of taping your racquet to your hand takes times, so you don't want to be going to the toilet during a match.
"We can't drink too much, and need drinks with salt so we can retain water. But this also becomes a balancing act."
These differences between Sithole and Wagner are seen in their styles of play. Wagner does not have as much raw strength, so relies on a silky touch and an incredible on-court strategy.
"David has such great touch. He eats, breathes and sleeps the strategy of tennis. He watches players like Federer and Nadal just to see their strategy and how they build a point," Hunter said.
But with no legs, Sithole has his own challenges of balance in his wheelchair. He has two waterbottles that he straps to the front of his wheelchair to make up for the lack of forward weight.
"It just shows you that while we all might look the same, there are some very big differences."
But in the mind of Sithole, the biggest difference is the 962
points that separate him and Wagner on the rankings.
And that's something he plans to change as soon as he can. – Sapa


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Brandon Meriweather may never learn his lesson.
The former Patriots safety, now playing with the Redskins, delivered a helmet-to-helmet hit to Packers running back Eddie Lacy, causing the rookie to leave the game with a concussion. Meriweather gave a similar hit to Green Bay's reserve running back, James Starks. Meriweather left the game after that collision and is also out with a concussion.
It's almost amazing a head-hunter like Meriweather is still in the NFL with the league's new rules banning those kind of hits. Check out Meriweather's hit that knocked Lacy out of the game in the GIF below via SBNation.
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Rings have long symbolized the circle of life. At Gemvara, we believe that the rings you wear should be one of a kind, like you. That's why our rings are made to order in your choice of conflict-free gems and recycled precious metals. Choose fire opal and sterling silver or sapphire and palladium: it's your choice. Mix and match gems and precious metals for a look that's exactly you. It's jewelry for all life's occasions, from a wedding or Valentine's Day to your own personal milestones and celebrations. Our unrivalled selection of designs by Jessica Behzad, Bijoux & Bijoux, Tony Rodrigues, and other talented jewelry designers means you can find a ring that's just your style. Because all Gemvara rose gold emerald-cut sapphire celebrity style rings are made to order, we can hand-select the finest quality materials to perfectly suit your design. A gift of a sapphire is a pledge of trust and loyalty. This tradition makes sapphire engagement rings a perfect symbol of the promise to marry. Sapphire is the September birthstone, the 5th and 45th anniversary gem, and the zodiac gem for Virgo. Emerald cut gems are increasing in popularity. Kim Kardashian is one of many brides who chose an emerald-cut engagement ring. Fashionable 14k rose gold adds a fresh new look to the fine jewelry palette. It owes its warm flattering color to extra copper alloyed with the gold. Be careful when removing rings to wash your hands. Don't leave your ring on the rim of a sink where it can slip down the drain! Clean rose gold emerald-cut sapphire celebrity style rings with mild dish soap: use a soft brush where dust collects. Gemvara's fine quality rose gold emerald-cut sapphire celebrity style rings are designed to be passed down for generations to come, crafted by hand in the United States.
We can help right away. Chat with a jewelry expert now!


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SystemAdmin 110000D4XK
1061 Posts
Pinned topic Heterogeneous OneOf and ASGRID
Answered question This question has been answered.
Unanswered question This question has not been answered yet.
Why do we need to use ASGRID for Heterogeneous OneOf? If I dont use the ASGRID, the property field is filled with the name of the definition along with it's key - which isn't the most appealing way to display this information. Any thoughts?


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Edge of Sanity's Crimson is a helluva technical death metal album that should not, and must not, be missed by any decent heavy metal fan, period.
The album, Crimson, is a single 40 minute track whose flurry of riffs and interludes will astounds you. The track deals with a huge problem humanity faces "x" years into the future, they are infertile, i.e. they can't breed. As humanity dies off, a new hope is born. The king and queen are able to have a baby girl, and to the remaining people, this is a sign of the gods that humanity is not down for the count just yet. When the princess is a teen though, her father dies, and huge wars are waged in order to see who will be the future king/queen of the humans. After the war is over, and there's a new king established, some rebels take the princess away, in order to protect her. She soon gains new powers, establishes herself as the queen of humanity, but years later, she is captured and, obviously, raped, and soon has a kid, the future king.
The song's music is just plain amazing. Depending on which part of the song you're on, there's something to be liked about it. The song is just really well done. While it is complex, it seems honest, not over thought, which, to me at least, seems to happen to a lot of progressive/technical metal bands. The riffs sound great, inspired, awesome, fresh and many more positive adjectives which I will not list here. Of special notice on this record are the vocals. The song uses a mixture of clean and cookie monster vocals, to great effect. The mellower parts use a combination of both, the important parts use the clean vocals, and the rest of the song just uses harsh vocals. The rhythm section would be my only complaint though. The bass and the drums don't really have much of a presence here, and they just, well, keep rhythm, and that's pretty much it.
Overall, Crimson should be heard by any decent metal fan, though the record doesn't really tread new ground, musically speaking. The concept is really nice though, since humanity ends by a more or less biological mean rather than itself. Great album.


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Izale McLeod scored the only goal as new-look Crawley Town opened the League One campaign with a 1-0 win at ten-man Barnsley.
The summer signing from MK Dons headed an 81st minute winner for the Reds.
Barnsley played for almost half-an-hour with ten men after having Dale Jennings sent off.
The only black note for Crawley was an injury which forced skipper Josh Simpson off at half-time and left him on crutches.
Reds manager John Gregory handed debuts to eight players in his starting line-up and included nine summer signings, with former loanee Gwion Edwards having made a permanent switch from Swansea.
The home side had seven new faces in their opening XI.
Crawley enjoyed a decent first half and went close to breaking the deadlock when Simpson struck a post with a low 20-yard shot on 37 minutes.
Three minutes later the Reds were grateful to Brian Jensen for a tremendous save to deny Jennings who cut inside from the left and unleashed a terrific strike.
Just before the break an overhit pass by Lanre Oyebanjo was retrieved by Gwion Edwards and his cross was superbly cleared by Joe Dudgeon as Simpson waited to pounce.
Simpson was injured in the incident and was replaced by Bobson Bawling at the start of the second half.
Jensen displayed safe hands twice in the opening stages of the second half to hold shots from Conor Hourihane and Sam Winnall, then Jennings headed over the top from Martin Cranie's cross on 57 minutes.
The game exploded into life just past the hour-mark when Barnsley were reduced to ten men, Jennings seeing red for raising an arm to Edwards in reaction to a challenge which the Crawley man was booked for.
Moments later the visitors were thankful again for Jensen, who beat away a free-kick from Hourihane.
The breakthrough came nine minutes from time when Conor Hendersen delivered a corner from the right and McLeod rose highest to head home unchallenged.
Two minutes later substitute Charles Banya should have wrapped up victory but failed to get a proper connection with his header on McLeod's centre.
In the third minute of stoppage time Barnsley substitute Nana Boakye-Yiadom glanced a header wide from Dudgeon's cross as the offside flag stayed down.
Crawley: Jensen; Oyebanjo, Leacock, Walsh, Dickson; Young (sub Banya 56), Smith, Henderson, Edwards; Simpson (sub Bawling 46); McLeod. Subs not used: Bradley, Rose, Tomlin, O'Connor, Spiegel.
Barnsley: Davies; Brown, Cranie, Nyatanga, Dudgeon; Berry (sub Nana 78), Bailey, Hourihane, Jennings; Winnall, Rose (sub Treacy 66). Subs: Digby, M'voto, Abbott, Bree, Dibble.


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Finally, my GTA V special edition is in my hands. Below is the special edition box packaging.
Below is the GTA V special edition steelbook.
The steelbook interior
The detail of artwork inside the casing is amazing and very highly detailed.
Together with this special edition, i also received a free GTA V plastic bag and also the GTA V A1 size wall poster.
The coolest with the special edition is the blue print map that came with it this edition packed in the GTA V box. The material is not quite what I expected as it looks like paper as opposed to plastic, canvas, or at least a higher quality laminated kind of a coated paper like how maps are printed.
Now the cool part is when you shine UV light on to the map, there are these awesome referencing of aliens and the Buzzer and Lazer aircraft. Visiting the Location indicated by the flying saucer reveals an extremely well concealed Spaceship Part. This wow factor makes the map extra unique. Below are some of the photos i took with my uv light and Iphone. I'm also planning to frame this map and hang it in my room. Totally gonna look cool.
So far I have been into this game only for about an hour and I'm loving it. The moment when you done installing the game, and you start out with a bank robbery mission was epic. So far all is great and lives up the hype. My only complain would be the car handling as it feels like butter and slippery when you speed and try to weave through traffic or make that hard turn. I hope the handling was easier. Well, i should get back to playing it.


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This is one of the crazier things we've ever seen on TV. Back in 1956, the only living witness to the Lincoln assassination appeared on the game show I've Got A Secret. The 96-year-old Samuel J. Seymour appeared as a mystery guest on the show despite having an accident at the hotel before the taping. The contestants get to the bottom of Seymour's identity pretty quickly and he gets many well-deserved rounds of applause throughout his appearance. This was Seymour's final public appearance as he sadly passed away later that year.
More from Mandatory: Ghostly Photos That Will Keep You Up At Night


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The oil ministry had approached the apex court, saying such an order will directly affect the gas supply to sectors and, therefore, sought restraining the HC from passing any decision when the matter is already before the apex court.
In fact, any increase in the allocation to one sector will mean corresponding cut for another sector. Hence, it is in the public interest to hear and dispose of these matters together, the government said, seeking transfer of the petition filed by Independent Gas-Based Power Producers Association from the HC to the Supreme Court.
A bench headed by Justice HL Dattu restrained the court from passing any order till it took a decision on the Centre's transfer petition.
The ministry of petroleum and natural gas said the apex court is already hearing similar appeals by the Federation of Farmers Association, Welspun Maxsteel and Essar Steel.
All the petitions had sought quashing of various policy decisions taken by the ministry in line with the decision of the empowered group of ministers regarding allocation of natural gas from the KG Basin to various sectors such as fertiliser, power, steel industries.
It is in the interest of justice that the matters are all clubbed together for hearing and disposal, ASG L Nageshwar Roa said.
The EGoMs decision regarding the utilisation of natural gas does not suffer from any legal or constitutional infirmities and is binding on all the parties, the Centre stated in its transfer petition.


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July is here and summer's in full swing. Along with all those fireworks and trips to the beach, don't forget your Soapdom Soap Opera Buzz! Have Buzz to share? Contact us.
July 22, 2011
Pete Garrett (Kristos Andrews) of "THE BAY THE SERIES" continues his journey on this week's installment of "FAR FROM THE BAY", released Thursday, July 21st by creator/director Gregori J. Martin and LANYfilms Productions. Peter runs into "16 and Pregnant" Lucy Lively, played by Indie Soap Award nominee Afton Boggiano, whose character crosses over from the webseries EMPIRE! Check out the latest mini webisode.
July 15, 2011
It's that time again. We refer, of course to the All My Children fan weekend, which is actually more like a fan week. It begins
Wednesday, July 27th and runs through Sunday, July 30th. Many events with stars are planned, and tickets are still available either at the door or via online purchase. Get the scoop!
The Bay the Series gives die-hard fans of General Hospital in the late '80s and One Life to Live in the early '90s a kick with the fourth installment of 'FAR FROM THE BAY' released Thursday, July 14th by creator/director Gregori J. Martin and LANYfilms Productions! Fans will also enjoy a hint of our second web series crossover involving Indie Soap Empire the Series. Peter Garrett (played by X-Games Champ Kristos Andrews) shares a thought provoking conversation with a mystery lady (played by Tonja Walker GH, OLTL). Former One Life to Live actor Brian Tarantina also makes an appearance. Check out the latest mini webisode now! Enjoy!
July 5, 2011
Days of Our Lives and ClassWish.org have teamed up for Stars for Schools. Stars for Schools helps bring awareness to the 56 million kids and their teachers who need more than a barren classroom to survive. They need school supplies. That's where ClassWish comes in. ClassWish helps get kids the tools they need to thrive. Days of Our Lives has generously agreed to participate with their two top stars: Joe Mascolo and James Scott. Soap Opera Digest has offered a page in their magazine to showcase the winner! The prize: A lucky Days fan will fly to LA, get a VIP tour of the Days studio, then go onto the set, meet Stefano and EJ, have their picture taken with them, and then appear together with them full-page in Soap Opera Digest. To learn more and get started, please visit at www.StarsForSchools.org
July 3, 2011
"THE BAY THE SERIES" gets a little light-hearted in this next installment of "FAR FROM THE BAY" released today, Thursday, June 30th by creator/director Gregori J. Martin and LANYfilms Productions! Peter Garrett (played by X-Games Champ Kristos Andrews) serendipitously runs into "STEAMBOAT's Michael Donovan (played my Michael O'Leary GUIDING LIGHT) on a park bench in New York City to mark the first official indie Soap Crossover! Check out the mini webisode now! Enjoy!
Caryn77 said:
In regard to the July 5 entry...
I'm so glad you posted about the chance to meet EJ and Stefano at http://
Cla*sWish.org/Days. Thanks for sharing that.
Kn88 said:
Soap Operas and Cla*srooms
Thanks you Soapdom for letting us know about this opportunity to meet Stefano and EJ and help millions of school children.
nbowman407 said:
Stars for Schools
Wow! A chance to meet EJ and Stefano AND the opportunity to help out millions of school children?! Sounds awesome! Thanks for sharing
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hey man, just realised you are actually online at the same time, you know in the Helvecia theme, have you successfully managed to change the codes? because when I edit my Weather.html, I dont see any codes but "Loading...", can you please post me the full code so I can just edit the location myself?
what did u use to mod your calendar app?
Are you on 3.0? I don't think that we can theme the keyboard properly until the missing keyboard files are located. The files are the same type png. They are just compressed and named differently. http://www.modmyi.com/forums/new-ski...-buuf-104.html
Dracwy unzipped them. I dont know the winterboard names so you can download another winterboard keyboard theme and rename them accordingly.
hey whats up? Im just wondering if there is any way you can upload your buuf keyboard black but like a reg winterboard .png files. With 3.0 the old way doesnt let us theme the keyboard w/o out going thru a process where we need to ssh each individual image into a folder. AIf there is anyway you can do that for me i would really appreciate it!!!
You are the only one who has a buuf keyboard that i can find on the entire net.
Id really love to use it, it would complete my theme!!!


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Teenage women just enjoy super-hot boys who play the guitar and this fortunate stud sure knows how to impress a hotty he witnessed on a local playground having some joy on a wag. He began as a flawless gent seductive her home for a bowl of tea, toying her a duo of songs and smooching her mitt. Next thing he knew they were both nude and this magnificent blond was gulping his spear testicles deep like a real professional. What a surprise! She was up for anything and casual fuckfest with an infatuating stranger was certainly something she dreamed on her menu that day.
Sponsored Video From:


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Laura's Ark
eBook (PDF), 77 Pages
Price: $4.80
Over the course of the last twelve months, Laura Willis had heard more than a dozen increasingly strange and perverted rumours about the "Retreats" that Lady Burrows held on her private estate; rumours of slavery and sexual abuse, of women being treated like barnyard animals and degraded on public display. So she goes undercover to investigate and finds it is all sort-of true: but all the maids, ponies, puppies cat-girls and other denizens of the weekends are all enthusiastic volunteers, only to eager to serve. Laura has a fantastic time with Fifi her personal French maid, Chestnut her puppy-girl, Honeysuckle her cat-girl. She visits the human petting zoo full of human animals, bunnies, cute lambs, fat piggies, horny goats, fluffy little ducklings, and the wild side with leopards, not to mention mermaids. All, of course, extremely eager to please in every possible way!
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Product Details
- Copyright
- The Academy Club (Standard Copyright License)
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- First on Lulu
- Publisher
- Academy Incorporated Limited
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- November 4, 2011
- Language
- English
- Pages
- 77
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text: Elizabeth II - From Princess To Queen.This DVD looks at the true story behind the early years of Windsor? And how did she become the woman who would be the Queen Of England?In this programme we examine Elizabeths formative years, from birth to her eventual crowning as Queen. From the effect her Uncles abdication had to the importance of family and history in shaping this future Queen.This DVD includes rare footage from Elizabeths childhood through to her Coronation.The Queen - Duty And Sacrifice.This DVD looks at the true story behind the reign of Queen Elizabeth II, examining how duty and sacrifice shaped the Monarch we see today.From her first days in power to present day Elizabeth II has faced challenges to her reign from all sides. This programme examines how the private family of Windsor was thrust into the often brutal media spotlight.This DVD includes rare archive footage from the Silver Jubilee to the wedding of Prince Charles to Diana as well as extraordinary footage from the life of the Queen.Special Features:None Listed.Check stock and price


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Many top heroines wish to star in Power Star Pawan Kalyan's film and film makers expected that once offered any heroine would agree happily. However Kajal who tasted tremendous success with Ram Charan's Magadheera and NTR's Badshah became star heroine proved to be different.
Pawan is getting ready to turn again Gabbar Singh in the sequel for Gabbar Singh and when film makers contacted Kajal for the role she demanded staggering sum of Rs 1.5 crs shocking them to the core.
Even when film makers tried convincing starring in Pawan's film will get her immense stardom, she said she will not comedown on remuneration. Pawan is furious over this development.


text:
Need Appliance Repair Help? Ask a Technician for Answers ASAP
Nothing happens when I push any buttons. Just a : sign in the window. I did try to reverse. Nothing happened. Looking at the wiring and it looks to be right. In the schematic it said a -F4- would show in window if wired wrong. But that didn't appear.
What would have caused the pad to go out? Ribbon cable snapped in tight.
Are you saying the ribbon cable is broke?
Your saying that has to be the problem. Nothing else could be the problem?
How do you mean damage the board? I just turned it over and put a solder on it. The soldering itself wouldn't have caused a problem would it. I just did a quick solder. I use to be a Tech. and know not to over heat a circuit.
Thanks, XXXXX XXXXX a bad light was the better of 2 evils.


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visitant :: identificació
|Servei de Biblioteques
|Sobre el DDD
|Català English Español
|Pàgina inicial > Materials de curs > Programes de curs (Guies docents) > Espectroscòpia
|In the topic of Spectroscopy the focus is the study of the interaction of electromagnetic radiation and matter, and how this interaction can be used to determine details on the structure of matter. The theoretical foundations that explain the interaction of radiation and matter and predict the structured form of spectra are laid out first, assuming a working knowledge of quantum chemistry. Laser radiation is discussed, as is ubiquitous in current spectroscopy. From there on, different spectroscopic techniques are discussed. For each kind, the structure of the corresponding spectrum is connected to the structural parameters of the molecules using quantitative relations derived from quantum mechanics. A specific focus is made on symmetry as a powerful tool to explain characteristics of certain spectra. Specific goals of the topic: Understand the basics of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter. Understand the rules that determine the frequency and intensity of a transition. Know how to apply this knowledge to be able to solve problems both in qualitative and quantitative aspects.
|Química [2502444]
|Pla d'estudis:
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To the Editor:
Though you say that Ritalin ''stays in the bloodstream only four hours'' (front page, Sept. 2), the drug and other medications used to treat children and adults with attention deficit disorder are available as ''sustained release'' preparations that are effective for six to eight hours, allowing for less frequent dosing. When studying the struggles of affected individuals, you must consider the contribution of associated conditions. One-third of individuals with attention deficit disorder also have a learning disability.
Contrary to your article, the disorder was not first diagnosed by a British pediatrician in 1902. Hyperactivity had been described in nonmedical literature years earlier. More important, the introduction of the term ''attention deficit disorder'' in 1980 reflected a shift in clinical focus from hyperactivity to distractibility.
Though there has been a significant rise in the number of children and adults for whom Ritalin is prescribed, office-visit statistics are influenced by financial and administrative factors, not just clinical considerations.
New Hyde Park, N.Y., Sept. 3, 1997
The writer is chief of developmental and behavioral pediatrics, Schneider Children's Hospital-Long Island Jewish Medical Center.Continue reading the main story