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|August 30, 2010, 09:40 AM
Senior Member
Join Date: August 19, 2010
Location: North Dakota
Posts: 349
Armed Citizen's Legal Defense Network
Is anyone a member or had to use this service? I was thinking about joining since I do not have a lawyer on hand to call in case of SD situation. But I wanted to know if this type of service is a good idea, or if I should look elsewhere. Thanks in advance.
|August 30, 2010, 10:27 AM
Join Date: November 23, 2005
Location: California - San Francisco
Posts: 8,701
I'm a member. I think highly of the work that Marty Hayes has done. Thankfully I have needed their services, but they do produce some excellent educational material for members. I also believe that Massad Ayoob has been involved.
Marty Hayes and Massad Ayoob are both members here.
|August 30, 2010, 10:46 AM
Join Date: May 16, 2000
Location: Washington state
Posts: 7,438
Link: Armed Citizens Legal Defense Network home page.
Full & fair disclosure: ACLDN founder Marty Hayes and his wife Gila are good personal friends of mine, and Marty gives me an occasional paycheck as an instructor through his firearms training school, the Firearms Academy of Seattle. I also give him an occasional paycheck because he writes for Concealed Carry Magazine. But even if we weren't friends, I would think the Armed Citizens' Network was a darn good idea whose time has definitely come! It's just icing on the cake that it's being spearheaded by people I know personally and trust implicitly.
Advisory board members Massad Ayoob, John Farnam, Tom Givens, and Dennis Tueller are all well-known in the industry and have been for many years -- guys who definitely know what they're doing and have been very instrumental in teaching and training others. So I'm very comfortable with the quality of people the Network is being built around.
The Network is not a pre-paid legal plan. It is a membership organization allied with a non-profit foundation (20% of member dues go to fund the foundation). The organization is dedicated to helping certified good guys prepare for foreseeable legal challenges beforehand, and the foundation will be available to help manage the legal situation afterward. Through their "boots on the ground" feature, they can get an expert to your location right away to help manage the immediate concerns after a shooting, and they also release an immediate $5000 so your lawyer can get started working your case. More funds will be available through the foundation on an as-needed basis, as the advisory board reviews each case. (The $5k is up front & without review; more funds can be released after review.)
I think it's a good deal and a good idea whose time has definitely come. But as I said, I'm biased because I know these people personally & trust them.
Kathy Jackson
My personal website: Cornered Cat
|August 30, 2010, 01:35 PM
Senior Member
Join Date: August 19, 2010
Location: North Dakota
Posts: 349
Thanks guys, it sounds like it is a reputible organization. You never know with what you find on the internet, I will be seriously considering joining.
|August 30, 2010, 01:47 PM
Senior Member
Join Date: May 23, 2009
Location: Nevada
Posts: 644
My husband and I are seriously thinking about joining as well. The National Rifle Association offers a certain level of protection with membership. You might want to check that out, and if you aren't a member of the NRA, definitely join. It isn't expensive. However, I would definitely prefer to have a higher level of protection and more information about self defense legal issues. This group certainly comes well recommended. (By Pax and some other people I trust.)
|September 1, 2010, 02:55 PM
Senior Member
Join Date: August 8, 2010
Posts: 236
I just joined and will be meeting with legal counsel in the next few weeks. That's not part of the membership but I did get an appropriate referral from the network. Free DVDs have come and I've gotten to see Marty talk about...I can't remember..I have to watch it when I'm less sleepy. It's legal stuff about jeopardy, opportunity, ability so far. There's one in there with Massad Ayoob too that I'm looking forward to. I have enjoyed reading the online newsletter. I'll let you all know how it goes but for me it was worth the fee just to get a good attorney referral and hook up with people who can advise about the legal aspects of self defense. That may not be on everyone's mind but I'd like to continue on with my life as best I can after I use deadly force if i ever have to (hope not.)
|September 4, 2010, 06:45 PM
Senior Member
Join Date: July 24, 2009
Location: Las Cruces
Posts: 115
I'm a member, one of my instructors, Dan Southard is a solid supporter of it.
|September 5, 2010, 09:05 AM
Junior Member
Join Date: April 24, 2009
Posts: 4
I'm a member and so is my wife. I carry a gun to be prepared to protect myself from the bad guys. I joined Armed Citizen's Legal Defense Network to prepare to protect myself from the so called "good guys" after a shooting.
Responsible gun owners will practice their shooting skills. We need to practice what to do after a shooting. Saying or doing the wrong thing could put us in jail even if it was a legitimate self defense situation.
|September 5, 2010, 09:25 AM
Junior member
Join Date: January 24, 2010
Location: South West Riverside County California
Posts: 2,763
Even if you don't join it would be a good idea to identify one or two local criminal defense attorneys who are able to handle your self-defense case if the need arises. The problem I see is that any help beyond the initial stage would come at the descretion of the ACLDN as I understand it. In any event, the best course of action post shooting might be to shut up and get an attorney. I believe you could get a local attorney for a smaller retainer to show up if trouble comes. I know a couple guys who did just that for $2,000.00. But you do get expertise for only $85.00 per year which no local attorney would have and if they decide to help you - you get expertise you probably could not afford. Good idea.
|September 5, 2010, 04:21 PM
Join Date: May 16, 2000
Location: Washington state
Posts: 7,438
Ayoob, Farnam, Givens, Tueller and Hayes are definitely pro self-defense and all of them are quite capable of distinguishing true self defense from deliberate murder, so I'm willing to trust the safeguard they've put in place by saying they'll review before releasing additional funds.
Kathy Jackson
My personal website: Cornered Cat
|September 5, 2010, 07:44 PM
Join Date: June 29, 2000
Location: Rupert, Idaho
Posts: 9,524
I wrote an article on the Armed Citizens Legal Defense Network, that was published in the March 2009 issue of SWAT Mag.
The entire idea is something that has been needed for some time now.
Most attorneys do not have the expertise to handle a self-defense case. The vast majority of criminal defense attorneys litigate from the standpoint that their client did not do the deed. In a SD case, they are litigating that you did, in fact, do the deed.
With the network, not only would you get referred to an experienced attorney, but if you already have an attorney, then that attorney can call upon the experience of SD attorneys (within the network) to get him up-to-speed on SD litigation. Both criminal and civil.
Should you need expert witnesses, the Network is there for further referrals.
So yeah, your case is vetted by the Board. They are not going to throw their resources to someone who is not truly a good-guy.
|September 5, 2010, 09:27 PM
Join Date: November 23, 2005
Location: California - San Francisco
Posts: 8,701
|September 12, 2010, 11:52 PM
Senior Member
Join Date: September 16, 1999
Posts: 244
Thank-you for all your nice comments, folks. It is truly gratifying to hear your positive comments regarding the Networki.
For anyone considering joining, please take a look at the article which is the lead article for our e-journal this month. It will explain who we are and what we do, (and how we will work for our members) more than any claims I might make. Here is the link.
Marty Hayes, President
The Armed Citizens' Legal Defense Network, LLC.
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Horace Odes II: vatis amici
Publisher: Clarendon Press
ISBN10: 0198721633 ISBN13: 9780198721635 Edition: (pbk.)
Includes bibliographical references (p. 149-152) and index.
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- Language: eng
- Physical Description: xxiii, 156 p. ; 23 cm.
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Project Management Office Charter
September 1, 2015
A project management office (PMO) charter to document scope, decision rights, and executive sponsorship.
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The Housing Authority of Santa Clara County has applied for planned development zoning for property at 777 Park Ave.
Vanessa Cooper, director of real estate services for the housing authority, says plans are to construct 181 apartments for seniors and families in two phases.
A four-story structure on Park with one-bedroom units is envisioned for seniors.
A second phase will see townhomes behind the first building, stepping down in height to mesh with the existing development at Cahill Park and Plant 51. It will be aimed at families.
There is no planned retail in the development.
Cooper says the housing authority is committed to intermeshing with the existing neighborhood.
Once zoning is approved, the authority will hire a general contractor through a bid process to do the actual construction.
Cooper says she believes the earliest construction could start is the end of 2014, with the first phase completed in about 18 months.
A community meeting will be scheduled in the coming weeks, and comments on the zoning request can be made to Kristinae Toomians, planning project manager, either via email to email@example.com or by writing to her at San Jose City Hall, 200 E. Santa Clara St., San Jose, 95113-1905. All correspondence should reference PDC13-012.


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As Microsoft readies the next version of its application virtualization software for release later this summer by releasing a near-final test version of Microsoft Application Virtualization 4.5 (formerly SoftGrid) this week, some organizations are looking to increase their deployments of the technology.
Along with Merrill Lynch, whose plans to virtualize tens of thousands of clients within a few years InformationWeek recently detailed, the State of Indiana and the Fairfax County School District in Virginia are looking at how they might cut management headaches by expanding their use of Microsoft Application Virtualization.
Microsoft Application Virtualization streams an application from a server in an organization's data center to a local PC as pieces of the application are needed. The streamed data is stored in a local cache, but it's never formally installed on the local machine, so applications don't corrupt the registry or interact improperly with other apps. Microsoft is one of several companies in the space, VMware bought Thinstall earlier this year and its ThinApp application virtualization technology, while Citrix has its own line of competitors and a number of start-ups have their own technology.
The State of Indiana is in the midst of a multi-year transformation of its IT infrastructure, having centralized the state's formerly disparate IT functionalities while actually cutting staff. As part of the transition, central IT went from supporting 900 PCs to supporting 25,000 and created a common configuration across many of them, and has had to deal with a multitude of old applications and old computers.
"We've got legacy applications we need to run, and in some places that means people need like three different versions of Oracle," said Gerry Weaver, the state's CIO. Since SoftGrid apps run in a bit of a sandbox isolated from one another, the state decided to use SoftGrid to deliver the applications rather than install them all and hope for the best.
SoftGrid's also changed the way Indiana does IT support. Instead of tinkering around with broken apps for an hour or more, help desk employees are now taught to re-image the PC if a problem can't be solved in 15 minutes, especially with an old machine. With SoftGrid, it's much less time consuming to give employees access to apps, and the state also has a number of already-imaged newer PCs at the ready if a few break here and there. "I need to deploy at least 6,000 PCs every year for the next 3 1/2 years to make sure we're completely refreshed at the end of that," Weaver said. "If we're monkeying around working on some PC that was put in there in 1997, I'm not that excited."


text:
Polaris Declares Regular Cash DividendMINNEAPOLIS--July 20, 2005--Polaris Industries Inc. today announced the declaration of a regular quarterly $0.28 per share cash dividend payable on August 15, 2005 to shareholders of record at the close of business on August 1, 2005.
About Polaris
Information about the complete line of Polaris products is available from authorized Polaris dealers or from the Polaris homepage at www.polarisindustries.com.
With annual 2004 sales of $1.8 billion, Polaris designs, engineers, manufactures and markets snowmobiles, all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), Victory motorcycles and the Polaris RANGER for recreational and utility use.
Polaris is the recognized leader in the snowmobile industry and one of the largest manufacturers of ATVs in the world. Victory motorcycles, established in 1998 and representing the first all-new American-made motorcycle from a major company in nearly 60 years, are rapidly making impressive in-roads into the motorcycle cruiser marketplace. Polaris also enhances the riding experience with a complete line of Pure Polaris apparel, accessories and parts, available at Polaris dealerships. Consumers can also purchase apparel and vehicle accessories anytime at www.polarisindustries.com.
Polaris Industries Inc. trades on the New York Stock Exchange and Pacific Stock Exchange under the symbol "PII," and the Company is included in the S&P Small-Cap 600 stock price index.


text:
$15.00 - On Sale
Volar Records' first proper singles series, Strange Mutations, collected here in its first volume. Set comes specially packaged. Set of five 7"s includes:
Beaters--"Jester" b/w "911=11"
Eat Skull--"Where'd You Go" + "Medication Time" b/w "Jefferson Angel"
Stalins of Sound--"Pool of Piranha" + "Panik" b/w "Rapture in Blood
Far Corners--"Sanity Suck" + "Not So Hot Right Now" b/w "Asleep Since the 70s"
Audacity/Big Eyes split 7"--"Bottle It Up" b/w "Half the Time"


text:
A 55-year-old Princeton woman traveling south on Highway 169 in Elk River during Monday's snowstorm rolled her vehicle twice before it came to a stop on its roof.
The accident happened shortly before 9 a.m. Jan. 31 in the 22500 block of Highway 169.
The woman told police her vehicle began to slide towards the ditch while she was driving, and when the vehicle hit the west snowbank it began to roll.
Emergency personnel arrived to find the woman out of her vehicle. Elk River Ambulance responded to give her aid.
She had been wearing her seat belt during the crash, but was complaining of neck and back injuries. She was transported to Mercy Hospital in Coon Rapids.


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Crucial Tips On How To Get Girls And Keep A Woman's Attention
A lot of guys ask me to "sum up" what I've learned about women and dating.
They want a "short course" in how to attract and meet women… and how to do it now.
Here are three of the most important "keys" I've learned about women and attraction… summarized for you.
- Attraction isn't a "conscious" process at all, and if you don't understand how it works, you could spend your whole life doing the wrong things and getting bad results.
- Most of the things that guys are doing to "pursue" and "seduce" women are actually working against them. I always shake my head when I think about how I behaved before I understood how attraction worked.
- Women read into everything. They don't take things at face value… they're always interpreting. When I wrote Double Your Dating, I knew that women basically used a sort of "code" to communicate. But over the past year or two it's become very obvious to me that this idea has more significance than I originally thought.
I actually believe that most guys have the natural ability to communicate with attractive women in a way that makes them feel attraction… but the problem is that they've just never "cultivated" that natural ability… and instead culture, their parents, language, and all kinds of other things have hidden and stunted the development of this talent.
Another thing I've learned is that I learn a lot by teaching. I really have enjoyed writing all of these newsletters, interacting with all of my subscribers, teaching seminars in L.A. and New York, doing the teleconference trainings… and working on all the other good stuff that's going to come out in the next few months.
If you're good with women, I recommend that you find a guy who isn't that good, and help him.
I can almost guarantee that you will learn so much more by teaching than you can by doing alone.
And it's also a very gratifying experience to help other guys learn something that is so important to them.
If you haven't read Double Your Dating yet, then go download a copy for yourself. It's the best introduction to women and dating available, and it will help you get more success and results starting tonight.
Here's a small sample of some of the great things you'll learn:
- I've tried every 'pick-up line' in the book, and I found out something that I didn't expect in a million years. In chapter six I'll explain to you why most 'pick up lines' cause you to lose before you begin, and what to do instead.
- The simple thing you can do at the end of a conversation with a woman that leaves her eagerly waiting for more… and… gets HER to make the next call – pg. 56
- How to give a woman that same feeling of "I have to have him" that she gets from a guy who is rich, famous, or good looking… without being any of those things yourself – pg. 12
- The thing almost all men do to try to keep a woman interested that actually repels her twice as fast… and often drives her into the arms of another man – pg. 14
- A proven exercise to develop a stone-cold, unshakable inner confidence that allows you to approach a woman in any situation without getting nervous and without fear of rejection – pg. 26
- A psychological tactic "regular" guys can use to make a woman ALWAYS choose them over a guy who is better looking or makes more money – pg. 15
Free Newsletter And Download eBook
I'm considering investing in your program, but I have a question for you before I do. Essentially, I'm no longer looking to hook up with women left and right. In fact, I think I've met "the one," but I'm having trouble making her realize this.
I've been pursuing her for about five months (during part of which time she was away at school, but we kept in regular contact, at first through e-mail and, later, over the phone), and I get the sense that she's very guarded about relationships. She's *very* goal oriented (which is one of the many things I love about her, BTW), and therefore very busy, and – I suspect – she's been burned in the past, relationship wise.
At any rate, on a couple of occasions, it felt to me as if things were moving forward, and then she backpedaled; perhaps she "got spooked," and took a big step back to protect herself.
Most recently, we were out for the first time since she finished school, and – insofar as I was able to determine, I was getting the green light all night: at a movie, I slipped my arm around her and she leaned in, resting her head on my shoulder; later, we were at a club for a band, and when we were ready to leave, she reached across the table and held my hand for a while; on the way back to the car, it was pretty chilly, and when she complained about the chill, I stepped over and hugged her.
She responded by stepping into it: she pressed her face hard into my shoulder, and stepped into full body to body contact – hip to hip, shoulder to shoulder and everything in between. When we got back to her place, I moved to kiss her and she shied away such that it would have been *extremely* awkward for me to actually do so.
At any rate, we've gotten together since (in fact, I offered to cook dinner for her, and she somehow maneuvered it around such that I was *her* guest, and she cooked for me) and we talked a while. As I said above, I think she got a little spooked.
She specifically said that she thought the relationship could've evolved into something romantic, but that it hasn't, and she wasn't sure why. At this moment, she says she doesn't believe it will. We remain *very* close friends, but I still believe she's the one, and I've told her that I'm still going to pursue this, and she's keen on still spending time together (for her, for now, as close friends).
My question is this: do you believe your program can aid me in turning her around on this? If so, why?
OK, sit down for this.
Hold on to something tight, because I'm going to yell at you for your own damn good…
If you were closer, I'd slap you myself.
Whew. Let me calm myself. As you know, I don't usually get so worked up. That makes three exclamation
marks in one email, and I haven't even started lambasting you proper yet. (What is lambasting, anyway? And is that how you spell it? It's such a great word. I really should look and find out.)
OK, I'm calm.
NOW, let's have a little talk here…
The reason why this kind of situation bothers me is at least twofold:
1) Because I've been in it myself about a bazillion and a half times, and it sucks to be screwing something up and not even realize that you're doing it.
2) I can tell from your email that you actually like this girl A LOT, and that she's probably a fantastic woman… and I hate to see you working so hard against yourself… and screwing this up when it's right there in front of you for the taking.
Before I tell you all the reasons why you most DEFINITELY should invest in my Advanced Dating Techniques program, let me give you a few pointers that might help you STOP screwing this up in the meantime.
OK, back to the basics.
Let's take this from the top…
At the very beginning of your email, you said something that basically telegraphed EXACTLY what was going on here…
You said "…I think I've met "the one," but I'm having trouble making her realize this. I've been pursuing her for about five months…"
You're having trouble making her REALIZE this?
You've been PURSUING her?
Do you assume that at some point within the NEXT five months that she's going to wake up one day and feel a powerful ATTRACTION for you because you like to chase her around and tell her how you feel about her?
Normally I'd make fun of you here, and tell you that you don't get it… blah blah blah.
But for some reason I feel like I just have to lay things out for you directly.
Look, man… the reason why she's telling you that she "doesn't know why it hasn't evolved into something romantic" is that she doesn't FEEL IT.
She doesn't FEEL IT.
Get it?
She doesn't feel ATTRACTION for you.
And you can't CONVINCE her to feel it by chasing her around and telling her how you "feel" about her.
Attraction, as I always say, ISN'T A CHOICE.
You need to go and get yourself an IN-DEPTH education on the topic of creating ATTRACTION. Go read my eBook "Double Your Dating".
This book will take you "behind the scenes" and show you how to communicate with women in a way that TRIGGERS the attraction… instead of trying to be a "nice guy" and CONVINCE her to feel it for you.
You can download it right now, and be reading it within a few minutes. Go download it here:
Now, you're acting like most guys who think things like: "If she only knew how I felt about her, she'd feel the same way" and "If I keep pursuing her, she'll eventually see how much I love her" etc.
Well guess what?
Right now you are playing what is referred to as a "losing game".
Think of it this way. If you stop on the way home from work every day and buy a lottery ticket, you'll win once in awhile. Hell, you might even be lucky one day and win big.
But your chances SUCK.
You're probably going to lose a LOT more than you win over time.
Like I said, you COULD win big. There is a chance. But you probably won't. And I mean probably with a BIG P.
I refer to the way that you're acting as "Being a Wussy" (that's the technical term… made it up myself).
When you act like a Wussy, you do things like:
- Pursue
- Cling
- Share "feelings"
- Act submissive
- Seek approval
- Pine away
This is WUSSY behavior.
It's distinctly FEMININE in nature.
When guys act like this, they're getting in touch with their inner little girl (and she needs a spanking in the worst way).
And are you ready for the WORST, WORST part?
When you act like this around a woman (and ESPECIALLY a "goal oriented" woman who's probably smart and powerful like yours) they CANNOT feel the emotion of ATTRACTION towards you.
Women aren't attracted to Wussies.
This is a UNIVERSAL truth.
And by the way that you describe your relationship with this woman, SHE REALLY WANTS TO BE ATTRACTED TO YOU!
She's trying, man.
And she probably KNOWS that you'd be a great guy to be in a relationship with… but she just doesn't FEEL IT… so she holds back. I'm sure she WISHES that she could be attracted to you. I'll bet you money.
Look, you need to STOP acting like a nice friend guy Wuss IMMEDIATELY if you want this to turn into something.
You're probably beyond help with this particular woman, but I'm going to give you a few ideas JUST IN CASE…
1) Stop calling her all the time (if you do), and stop spending so much time with her.
2) Start dating other women IMMEDIATELY, and make sure she knows about it.
3) Stop being all lovey with her, and don't tell her how you "feel about her" anymore. Stop it.
4) Accept that you will probably be friends with her forever, and start acting that way.
5) Don't try to kiss her or be physical with her at ALL anymore until you understand what you're doing.
Remember, what you're doing ISN'T WORKING.
If you do these things that I've described, you will probably have the best chance of turning this around.
Now repeat after me: I WILL NEVER ACT LIKE A WUSSY AGAIN!
Now I've explained some of the important qualities that you need to cultivate in yourself if you want to attract women… and keep them attracted. Now get out there and start working on it.
…and if you're reading this right now and you haven't yet downloaded your copy of my online eBook "Double Your Dating", I have something to tell you…
My eBook is the foundation for EVERYTHING that I teach in these newsletters, my Advanced Dating Techniques, and other programs.
And you need to read my Double Your Dating ebook, because it contains a lot of valuable material that sets the stage for everything else. It's here, so go download it now:
Like I said, if you're just starting out, my ebook will show you things that you've never seen or heard before. You'll get a completely new perspective on what it takes to be successful with women and dating.
If you're already successful, the dating tips & advice in my programs will make you BETTER. There are a lot of very advanced concepts included… In other words, no matter where you are with women, you'll improve.
I'll talk to you again soon.Source: www.datingadvicesecrets.com
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Not quite 20 years ago the experiment to recover wolves in Yellowstone National Park got under way with a relative handful of Canadian wolves brought into the park. Today that genetic feedstock has produced what biologists had hoped for: a more natural wild kingdom, one with checks and balances on itself.
"In 2003, we had 174 wolves, now we have 88. Our policy is to preseve and protect, so what we're shooting for is what I'd called a natural density," says Doug Smith, a wildlife biologist who oversees the park's Wolf Project. "We're at that now."
According to the park's annual report on the wolf population, coming into 2012 at least 98 wolves in 10 packs and two loners roamed Yellowstone.
"The number of breeding pairs (8) was the same as in 2010, when the population size was 97. However, the northern range wolf population has declined approximately 60 percent since 2007, mostly because of a smaller elk population, the main food of northern range wolves," the report's Executive Summary notes. "The interior wolf population has declined less, probably because they augment their diet with bison."
Of course, since the start of 2012 the wolf population has dropped some more, most recently due to the deaths of seven wolves with ties to the park that found themselves in the gunsights of hunters. Dr. Smith doesn't believe the loss of those wolves has jeopardized the long-term viability of Yellowstone's wolf population.
While some of the shot wolves might have been alpha males or females, alpha animals have been killed by rival packs inside the park in the past, he pointed out. Some years back the alpha female of the Nez Perce Pack was killed by another pack, he said, and while "the four remaining wolves went every which way," the void created by the pack's demise was filled by the Gibbon Pack.
"Does it (hunting) affect the population biologically? Probably not," said Dr. Smith. "But does it affect the research? Yes. Right now we're trying to track a pack out there, and they have no collars."
Among the wolves recently shot was a male whose home range normally revolved around the Pelican Valley. Fall, though, is perhaps the toughest time of year for wolves that rely on bison and elk for their meals, as the lack of snow allows the prey to be more nimble in avoiding the predator.
"My chin dropped when I heard 824 got shot, because he lives in the middle of the park, and he got shot along the north boundary," said the wildlife biologist. "You're going to get that kind of movement in the hunting season because it's a hard time to be a wolf."
Dave Hallac, chief of Yellowstone's Center for Resources, agreed that hunting might cost the park some of its alpha wolves, but downplayed the overall impact that would have on the park's packs.
"Sometimes the packs will dissolve, and that also happens naturally," he said. "Wolves kill other wolves, and alpha males will come in and kill other alpha males. These things happen naturally. The real question is, from a bigger scale view, what are the impacts of that to the Yellowstone population?
"Does it mean an end to wolves in the park? No."
Declining along with the wolf population in recent years has been Yellowstone's elk population. While there was a big outcry by some hunters in January 2011 when the park's annual elk count tallied just 4,635 elk, a 24 percent decline from the 6,070 animals counted a year earlier, today Dr. Smith believes that elk population is more in line with historic numbers.
"I think our elk population now is more like it was in 1872 than it was 20 years ago," he said. "Our business is not to raise elk. Our business is to restore natural systems.'
Back in 1995, when Yellowstone's wolf recovery program began, the northern elk population count was 16,791 animals, and not too many years before that it had even approached 20,000.
Today's equilibrium in Yellowstone's wild kingdom goes beyond wolves and elk, said Dr. Smith. Wolves, bears, cougars all are "at a 100-year-high" in numbers, he said.
"We wiped out wolves, we wiped out cougars, we reduced bear numbers," the wildlife biologist added. Now, with wolves and cougars back in the park and bear numbers rising, the overall result is a healthier ecosystem, he said.
"I think that's very much in line with the objectives of the National Park Service. And that means fewer elk. For the National Park Service, that's good. For a guy (hunter) who lives right next door to the park, that's bad."
But the health of the park's ecosystem is good for Yellowstone's visitors, and for the surrounding communities that benefit from their spending. During 2011 an estimated 25,000 Yellowstone visitors saw wolves. It has been estimated that the park and its gateway communities see more than $35 million a year in revenues related to wolf-watching.


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Arché is one of the world's leading centres for philosophical research and education. Our work is focused on topics in epistemology, philosophy of
language, philosophical logic, metaphysics and philosophy of mind.
Our goal at Arché is to give students an opportunity to absorb examples of best research practice in collaboration with experts. This has proved an
immensely successful strategy for developing our student's interests and skills.
Education at Arché is focused around seminars, workshops/conferences, discussion groups, and supervision.
Weekly Arché-Seminars: Numerous seminars meet weekly to discuss work by Arché members
or work of interest to seminar participants.
Professorial Fellow Visits: Our professorial fellows each visit for five weeks per year, and conduct numerous seminars and reading groups.
Weekly Discussion Groups: There are several weekly discussion groups convened by students.
Workshops, Conferences and Visitors: Each year Arché organises many major workshops and conferences and hosts many philosophers from around the world. This puts Arché students in direct and regular contact with the leading philosophers in their fields.
Supervision: Typically an Arché student has as their main supervisor, a member of the Arché faculty.
Offices in the Arché Centre: All Arché students have offices in the Arché Centre in College Street.
This contributes significantly to Arché's close and collaborative research environment.
International Exchange: Most Arché students spend one or two terms at another institution. In recent years students have visited ANU, NYU, OSU, UWO, and others.
Placement Record: Arché has an excellent placement record.
Ranking: In the most recent Research Assessment Exercise, Philosophy at St Andrews was ranked joint-first with University College, London, amongst all UK Philosophy departments, with 40% of research awarded the highest grade (4*, 'world leading').
Philosophy at St Andrews: Arché is a part of the School of Philosophy at St Andrews
and our students can benefit from the entire faculty at St Andrews.


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L.A. Bomb Threat: Hooters Restaurant And Cal State Campus Evacuated
There are dual L.A. bomb threats in effect Thursday (April 18) evening, as the country continues to reel from the explosions at the Boston Marathon Monday.
First, Cal State LA's campus was evacuated at around 4PM after a bomb scare. Then, a Hooters on Hollywood Blvd was evacuated after a man claimed to have a bomb and left it in the restaurant. A portion of Hollywood Blvd near the Chinese Theatre is still roped off.
It's unknown if the L.A. bomb threats are related to each other or to Monday's explosions across the country.
Image via CBS


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Refreshed DODGE Viper Coming for 2015 – What Will Be New?
Last week's updated 5-year plan from the Chrysler Group included the news that the SRT brand will be consolidated into the Dodge brand and with that, the SRT Viper will once again become the Dodge Viper. This news included the fact that the "new" Dodge Viper will be refreshed from the SRT Viper on sale right now but there was no indication from the Chrysler Group as to what will change with the rebirth of the Viper within the Dodge brand.
The current SRT Viper – available in base, GTS and Time Attack forms – is a remarkable piece of automotive machinery so what might the company change for the 2015 (or 2016 model year) Dodge Viper? Technically, the company could add some Dodge badges here and there with some slight sculpting changes around the outside and call it the "new" Dodge Viper as those few changes are enough in the modern auto industry to justify the "refreshed" label…but that isnt very interesting and that hardly seems like enough to help sell more cars. Viper sales have been much slower than the company expected ahead of the relaunch of the model for the 2013 model year and simply changing the badges inside and out isnt likely to bring sales to where the company is happy with Viper numbers.
The next areas in which the new Dodge Viper could be refreshed for the 2015 or 2016 model are the interior and exterior styling. The 2013 and 2014 SRT Viper look incredible, with exterior styling lines that clearly pay tribute to the first of the Dodge Viper coupes back in the late 1990s so it would seem that a car that looks very much like the early Dodge Viper would want to maintain that appearance in recreating the modern Dodge Viper. Honestly, the car is freakin' gorgeous and I couldn't imagine the company changing the exterior design after just two or three model years.
As for the interior, the SRT Viper cabin was nicer and more luxurious than any of the predecessors with all of the cutting edge goodies that you would expect from the world's best known – and most expensive – supercars. The Viper has long beaten many of Europe's pricier supercars, but the Viper has always fallen short in the way of interior comforts when pitted against the likes of the various Porsche, Ferrari and Lamborghini supercars. With the 2013 SRT Viper, that became a thing of the past as the newest Viper features everything that you would see in those slower European supercars so it is hard to imagine a true refresh inside of the upcoming Dodge Viper. The cockpit layout is beautiful and when fully optioned, there is really nothing to ask for in the SRT Viper so it is tough to think of things that the company could add for 2015/2016. However, the Chrysler Group could introduce a new base model Dodge Viper that focuses more closely on performance by removing the luxury items that aren't needed for a true high performance driving experience…which also reducing the base price of the new Dodge Viper.
Finally, the most significant area in which the Chrysler Group engineers could refresh the 2015/2016 Dodge Viper would be the drivetrain. The current SRT Viper is powered by an 8.4L V10 with 640 horsepower and 600lb-ft of torque being sent to the rear wheels by means of a proper manual transmission. With speculation that the next generation Dodge Challenger SRT will pack over 600 horsepower, the company could up the power of the Viper's V10 a bit to distance itself from the new Hellcat Hemi Challenger. There is also the possibility that the next Dodge Viper could get a high performance automatic transmission which, while once considered blasphemous, is much more likely in the modern supercar market. The new 2015 Corvette Z06 comes with an 8-speed automatic transmission that actually offers better performance than many manual transmissions and that model is accessible to far more buyers (who cannot drive a manual) so with that in mind, the "refreshed" 2015 Dodge Viper might come with a quick shifting dual clutch or conventional automatic transmission that will surely draw new buyers.
If I was a betting man, I would guess that the 2015 Dodge Viper will be powered by the same 8.4L V10 that powers the current SRT Viper, but output will be increased to somewhere in the area of 650-660 horsepower and around 625lb-ft of torque. I expect to see a new stripped out interior package for those who only care about going fast, new Dodge badges inside and out and some very minor aesthetic changes around the outside of the car. In the long run, I expect that the new Dodge Viper will offer better performance and a lower base price than the SRT Viper – while looking pretty much the same when it is all loaded up with the exception of the Dodge logos. Finally, I fully expect that the return of the Dodge Viper will include a convertible option…just like the other generations of the Dodge Viper.


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A night on the sleeper
This cartoon by W. E. Hill entitled "A night on the sleeper" depicts various behavior of passengers on a sleeping railroad car.
48.6 x 36.8 cm
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- The Janet A. Ginsburg Chicago Tribune Image Collection
- Chicago Sunday Tribune (April 22, 1928), p. 11
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This 1914 $2.50 Indian Gold Quarter Eagle has been certified as MS-62 by PCGS, one of the top two coin grading services. This highly collectible coin is a great addition to any numismatic collection.
Coin Highlights:
- This coin has a mintage of 240,000.
- Population of 1,064 coins at this grade level with 1,202 graded higher.
- PCGS encapsulation guarantees the coin's MS-62 condition.
- Coins from the Philadelphia Mint do not feature a mintmark.
Showcase your certified $2.50 Indian Gold Quarter Eagle by adding a presentation box to your order.
Add this 1914 $2.50 Indian Gold Quarter Eagle graded MS-62 by PCGS to your cart today!
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Tool for HeartConnexion® Living
Don't Just Fret, Pray. Then Choose.
"Don't fret or worry. Instead of worrying, pray. Let petitions and praises shape your worries into prayers, letting God know your concerns. Before you know it, a sense of God's wholeness, everything coming together for good, will come and settle you down. It's wonderful what happens when Christ displaces worry at the center of your life." Philippians 4: 6,7 The Message
Aren't you happy that Paul's challenge to replace worry with prayer is not one of the Ten Commandments? I am afraid all of us would be in bad shape if fretting is a sin – like murder or stealing. Instead, Paul issues a personal challenge to his readers: If something is important enough to worry about, then it is worth praying about.
Paul's prayer book was the Psalms. Perhaps he was trying to pass on to his Greek friends the advice of David he would have heard in his childhood from the reading of Psalm 37. Do not fret because of evil men or be envious of those who do wrong…Refrain from anger and turn from wrath; do not fret – it only leads to evil (vs. 1, 8). Here are David's four specific choices to keep worry from dominating your point of view:
"Trust in the Lord and do good…." Worry can paralyze us from acting – which just increases our stress and delays the resolution we want – which then increases stress – and so on. Don't let self-focused paralysis set in to rob you of making choices. You may not be able to make the choice that would resolve your worry, but you can identify other "good things" there are to do and act on them. Ask others you respect to help you evaluate what are "good things" to be done and then do them with courage.
"Delight yourself in the Lord…." Keep the challenge in perspective. Worry is like looking at an anthill through a magnifying glass and seeing a mountain. Have you ever looked back at what seemed so overwhelming and laughed at how small it seems now? Fretting always distorts reality. How big is God compared to what you are worried about? Recall specific instances when God intervened for you and for others in the past and take great delight in what He has done and promised to do.
"Commit your way to the Lord…." Commitment cannot be a half-hearted bargain with God that says, "I will trust You only as long as what You want and what You do makes sense to me." Commitment does not preclude us desperately wanting something to happen or to not happen and being sad when it does not go the way we want. Commitment is a trust that, in the long-run, God's will is best, even though it can seem incredibly painful in the present. Make your commitment to God for the long run of life.
"Be still before the Lord and wait patiently for him…." Praying our petitions is very appropriate but it is not the whole of prayer. Prayer is also about listening. Worry makes it very difficult to listen except for the answer we want. It takes discipline and practice to learn listening prayer. It requires courage and persistence to be open to not just what we want to hear but to what may be painful to hear.
There is wonderful wisdom in David's suggestions and a significant promise in Paul's challenge. Both require action and choice on our part. Don't just worry, pray. Then choose from that place to co-create with God.
Small Group Sharing:
- Are you on contract?
- Who are you?
- How have you shifted positions this week? What were the results?
- How did you share your heart this week?
- What was your private victory?
- What challenge or dilemmas are you facing and how can we help?
- How would your life be different if you started using this tool for HeartConnexion living?
Dr. Paul D. Fitzgerald, ©2003 HeartConnexion Ministries


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Es scheint, Ihre bevorzugte Sprache ist Deutsch.
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(Nelson) 1869 and 1909
Compliments of
The information on these pages is for genealogy research only. It may be linked to but not copied in any form without the owners permission
The old Dovedale school was built in 1869 ( it was demolished in 1969.) on land owned by a Mr John Thorn..The first commitee was elected on September 4th 1869 members were:
John Thorn, James Knell, James Wilson, Job Best, William Win and Hugh Kenyon: The first teacher being a Mr Severne of Riwaka:
Pupils in a photo of 1898 are.
|COLEMAN, Ellice
|COZENS, Will
|EBAN, Violet and Ruby
|FREEMAN, Amy and Stan
|LOVERIDGE, Len and ?
|PARKINSON, Marion, and Sarah,
|SILCOCK, Claude, and Alf
|SMITH, Ivy and Edna
|THOMAS, Bert
|THORN, Allan, Murial, Kath, Martin and John.
|TYRELL, Lottie
|VAUGHAN, Hope, and Claire,
|WIN, Alex, Stanley, Evelyn, and Gertrude
School photo of 1909 with some of the names above plus these:
|Teachers Miss Turner and Mr Gapper
|COWIN, Pat, Frank and Bob
|COZENS, Noble and Mac
|EBAN, Roy
|FREEMAN, Fred
|HALL, Ron, and Lance,
|HAWKES, Nolan, Vic, and Marion
|THORN, Noel, Hugh, Edith, and Ken,
|VAUGHAN, John, Frank, Eric and Nita
|WIN, Don, Fred, John, Mervyn, Eileen, Merle and Linda
© Barbara Andrew 2002-2005
Census Records | Vital Records | Family Trees & Communities | Immigration Records | Military Records Directories & Member Lists | Family & Local Histories | Newspapers & Periodicals | Court, Land & Probate | Finding Aids


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Biblical Epic Eight Years In The Making
Daniel M. Patte isn't directing a remake of The Ten Commandments, but his new book, The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity, is an equally huge undertaking. Patte, professor of religious studies, has spent eight years soliciting and compiling 3,500 entries documenting the beliefs and practices of Christians throughout history. More than 800 scholars from around the world contributed to the book, including 25 from eight departments in the College of Arts and Science. The book is scheduled for publication in August.
The Scarier, The Better
When Claire Sisco King was a little girl, she would sneak out of bed to watch scary movies. Today the assistant professor of communication studies examines the cultural implications of "bad" movies like slasher or disaster films.
"Millions of people love to watch these movies," King says. "Even films like The Texas Chainsaw Massacre or Night of the Living Dead often get noticed as powerful political allegories."
Recently, she has studied films such as Poseidon and I Am Legend in relation to rhetoric about the perceived traumas of 9/11. "These films, whether intentionally or not, seem to speak to memories and fantasies and anxieties about a tragedy like September 11," King notes. Her research will be the focus of an upcoming book tentatively titled Washed in Blood: Sacrifice, Trauma and the Cinema.
If You Must Multitask, Practice, Practice, Practice
René Marois, associate professor of psychology, and Paul E. Dux, former research fellow, discovered that practice makes perfect when it comes to doing two things at once. "We are lousy multitaskers because our brains process each task slowly, creating a bottleneck at the central stage of decision making," Marois says. When study participants did the same task over time, however, practice enabled their brains to process each task more quickly, the researchers found.
photo credit: © iStockphoto.com/Roberto A. Sanchez


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as the law requires or such as a court of equity could receive to show beneficial ownership. They have no semblance of title. They could convey no more than they had. Their grantee took no more than they held. The real owners, legal and beneficial, were not parties to their deed. Being strangers to the title, both legal and equitable, the placing on record of a writing executed by them purporting to convey this land was not constructfve notice to any one. If the real owners had actually seen, and read this writing the day it was inscribed on the county records, they would not thereby have been charged with any duty affecting their title. The same is true as to the payment of taxes by a stranger. Owners of land in Texas are not charged with the duty of preventing strangers from paying taxes on their land. There is no error in the action of the trial judge in this particular. The third error assigned does not, in our view, require any further notice than the statement of our conclusion that if there is error in the matter indicated it is not such as to require or warrant the reversal of the judgment. Affirmed.
CITY OF ALMA T. GUARANTY SAY. BANK. (Clrcult Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit. No. 300.
MmUCIPAL BONDS-VALIDITY-ORDINANCE-RESOLUTION.
February 12, 18M.)
Where bonds are issued under Gen. St. Kan. 1889, par. 961, which declares that cities may "borrow money and issue bonds therefor" whenever "the city council shall be instructed so to do" by vote of the inhabitants, it is no objection to the validity of such bonds that the council submitted the matter to the electors by means of a resolution, rather than an ordinance, where there is nothing in the statutes expressly reqUiring an ordinance in such case. National Bank of Commerce v. Town of Granada, 54 Fed. 100, 4 C. C. A. 212, 10 U. S. App. 692, distinguished.
In Error to the Circuit Court of the United States for the District of Kansas. , Action by the Guaranty Savings Bank against the city of Alma upon coupons on certain municipal bonds. Plaintiff obtained judgment. Defendant brings error.
This wail a suit on coupons of municipal bonds which were issued and sold by the city of Alma, a city of the third class of the state of Kansas, situated In the county of Wabaunsee. The power to Issue the bonds was derived from section 38, art. 3, of an act to provide for the incorporation of cities of the third class (,ide Gen. St. Kan. 1889, par. 961), which Is as follows: "The council may provide for making any and all Improvements of a general nature in the city. and for the purpose of paying for the same may. from time to time, borrow money. and may issue bonds therefor, and street bonds to contractors and others performing work or furnishing materials; but no such money shall be borrowed or bonds issued until the city council shall be instructed 80 to do by a majority of all the votes cast at an election held in such city for that purpose. Bonds issued under this section shall be payable in not less than ten years nor more than twenty years from the date of their tssue, with Interest thereon at a rate not ten per cent. per annum, with interest coupons attached, payable annually or semiannually. The council shall levy taxes on all taxable property within the
voL 60.
city. in additiOJ;l to other ta:3leS to pay saId bcmds at their maturity and their coupone is theY respectively become due, which taxes shall be paid in: cash only." Acting under' the foregoing power, the city council, on March'18, 1889, duly passed and recorded in the journal of its proceedings the, fo]Jowing resolution: "Council Chamber, 18th March' (cont'd), 1889. "Motion by Fred Craft, and seconded by Geo. M. Keene, that the following resolution be adopted: Resolved, that, complying with the request of many' eltizensand electors, publicly expressed at a meeting of the citizens of the city of Alma held attheeourthouse on the evening of the 16th day of March, 1889" we deem it advisable to call a special ,election to' obtain the will of the electors of this city as to whether or not the said electors will Instruct the city councll of Alma to issue bonds of the said city in the sum of' $25;000.00 for the purpose of carrying on general improvements; that said bonds, if issued, shall be payable in twenty years from the date of their issue, and shllllbear interest at the rate of seven per cent. per annum, with interest coupons attached, payable semiannually at the fiscal agency of the, state of Kansas at tlie city of New York, N. Y.; that sucn election be held on the first Monday In April, 1889, at the courtroom in' the courthouse in said: elty, and that Henry Pauly, Geo. M. Keene, and William K. MeDOJ;l.,aI4, members ot the city council, be appointed judges of such election, and that Henry Weygan(l llPd V. C. Welch be des1gnated as clerks of such election, and that the polls be opened at eight o'clock a. m., and close at six o'clock p. m., of said day; and that the ballots shall be worded, 'For instructing the city council to issue the bonds,' and 'Against instructing the city council to issue the bonds;' and that the mayor make proclamation of such election by publication in the city official paper."
The proposition contained in the foregoing resolution was voted upon by the inhabitants of the city at an election which was held on April 1, 1889, after being duly advertised, and after due proclamation by the mayor. It so happens that said election was coincident with the regular annual election on April 1, 1889, for the election of city officers. The vote taken on said proposition was duly canvassed by the city council, and the proposition to issue bonds was found to have been carried by a very large majority of all the votes cast. Subsequently, and on April 3, 1889, the city council ,the following resolutioIl, by a unanimous vote, and caused the same to bo duly entered in its journal: "Council Chamber, April 3rd, A. D. 1889. "Resolved, that acting in obedience to the expressed will of the electors of the city of Alma. at the election held on the lst day of April, A. D. 1889, in relation to the council issuing improvement bonds in the sum of $25,000 00-100, and being instructed to so issue said bonds, that said bonds now be issued in the form and upon the terms specified in the proclamation of said election; that said bonds ,be prepared and executed in compliance with the law in such cases made and provided. And further resolved, that, upon signing and execution of the said bonds and coupons, the mayor of the city be 'requested to negotiate the same at not less than par per cent. of their face value, and make report of his doings in respect to the same at the next regular meeting of the city council, or at a special meeting called for that purpose, bl'fore such regular meeting." Subsequeotly, the bonds were duly executed under the hand of the mayor and clerk, with the seal of the city attached, and the same were sold, and the city received, and still retains, the proceeds. The bonds thus issued were entitled "Improvement Bond." On their face they contained a recital of the laW under which they had been issued, and a copy of the same, to wit, section'38, art. 3, supra, was printed on the back of each bond. They were also duly registered in the office of the auditor of the state of Kansas on April 5, 1889. The case was tried to a jury in the circuit court, and the trial judge directed a verdict against the city, and in favor of the holder and ,purchaser of the bonds. To reverse the judgment entered on that verdict, the city has sued out a writ of error.
David Overmyer, for plaintiff in error. J. B. Larimer and J. D. McFarland,for defendant in error. Before SANBORN, Circuit Judge, and THAYER, District Judge. THAYER, District Judge, after stating the case as above, delivered the opinion of the court. The city of Alma contests the validity of the judgment rendered by the circuit court, mainly on the ground, that its counsel did not enact an ordinance providing for the submission to the electors of the proposition to issue improvement bonds. It is claimed that under the charter of the city a resolution of the council, such as was in fact adopted, was not the proper mode of inviting an expression of the popular will touching an issue of improvement bonds, and that, because a resolution was passed in lieu of an ordinance, all subsequent proceedings taken thereunder were invalid, and the bonds are void. Incidentally, it is suggested that as the charter provided that improvement bonds "shall be payable in not less than ten years, nor more than twenty years from the date of their issue," bonds like those now in suit, which were "to be paid in twenty years after date," do not conform to the charter, and are therefore invalid. We may dispose of the latter suggestion with the remark that, in our judgment, a bond made payable "in twenty years after date" is, by the common acceptation of those terms, a bond which matures at the expiration of 20 years, and that neither the payor nor the payee can enforce the payment of a bond thus drawn until the lapse of that period. We have no doubt that the bonds in suit conform to the charter, so far as respects the time of payment. The other contention, that an ordinance should have been passed, in lieu of a resolution, rests upon no charter provision which expressly requires an ordinance to be passed for the purpose of obtaining an expression of the popular will, but is founded altogether upon inferences drawn from various charter provisions which do in fact require the council to enact ordinances for certain well-de· fined purposes. For example, the charter of the city empowered the council to enact ordinances "to levy and collect taxes for gen· eral revenue not to exceed ten mills on the dollar * * *; to open and improve streets * * * and alleys, make sidewalks, build bridges, culverts, and sewers." Another section of its charter prescribed the form of all ordinances that might be passed by the council, and directed them to be published in a certain way, and to be entered in an ordinance book. Another section of the charter, and the one most relied upon, provided, in substance, that the mayor and council should have no power "to appropriate or issue any scrip, or draw any order on the treasurer for any money, unless the same had been appropriated or ordered by ordinance." And a proviso to this section enacted "that no ordinance * * * for borrowing * * * money, levying taxes, or appropriating money, shall be of any validity unless a majority of all the councilmen * * * shall vote for such ordinance, and such vote shall
J'J!lD.ERAL REPORTER,
vol. 60.
be taken by yeas and nays and . · · · entered on the record." Vide Gen. St Kian., 1889, pars. 939, 943, 959, 967. The foregoing sec· tipns, we believe, embrace all of the charter provisions on which this court is asked to base an inference that an ordinance was nee· essary to submit a proposition to the inhabitants issue improve· mep.t bonds, and that an ordinance was also necessary to direct the execution and sale of such bonds after the vote had been taken. WEt have given careful attention to the argument presented in be. haltoNhe city, with the result that we are unable to assent to the propolilition that the bonds in suit are void for the reasons above stated. The law is well settled that a municipal corporation may declare its will as to matters within the scope of its corporate powers, either by a resobltion or an· ordinance, unless its' charter re. quires it to act by ordinance; and generally it is of little significance;whether a legislative measure is couched in the language of an ordi:Jmnce or of a resolution, where it is enacted with the same formalities which usually attend the adoption of ordinances. If the .acj)ion taken bya mUnicipality amounts to prescribing a pel" mane:p.t1!1,lle of condnct,which is to be thereafter observed by the inhabitants of the municipality, or by its officers in the transaction of the cwrporate ,then, no doubt, the rule prescribed may be mom properly expressed in the form of an ordinance; but it is eminently proper to act. by, resolution, if the action taken is merely the will of the corporation in a given matter, and is in the lW<tQre of a ministerial act Beach, Pub. Corp. §484, and cases therecLted. City of Lincoln v. Sun Vapor Street-Light Co. (decided at tbiswm) 59 Fed.'t56. In the present case the resolutions in questio:n.appear to have: been passed, and entered at large upon the journal of the council, in the same manner that the council was then in the habit of passing and recording ordinances. The record also discloses that the vote was taken by yeas and nays, and that the resolution of March 18, 1889, directing an election to be held, was published insubstantial compliance with the provisions of the chanter. touching the publication of ordinances. The most that ca.J;l.beallegedagainst the resolutions is that they were not put in tlie form of ordinances, and that after the council had been instructed by the inhabitants of the city to issue the bonds, at an election held for that purpose, the council did not publish its final resolution to issue the bonds, which had been passed in obedience to the popular mandate. It is also noteworthy that all of the proceedings, taken to secure an issuance of the bonds were conducted witll greatest publicity and apparent fairness. It is not chargeq'that the resoluti,ons were rushed through the council se. cretly, ,01' with j;ndecentha,ste, or that anyone has been defrauded, or that. the. lility: did not receive full value for its bonds. Moreover, it iii! apparent, frOlll an inspection of the fil'st resolution, that, before the CQuncil took any action, the project of issuing the bonds had been discussed at a public meeting of the inhabitants of the cl1;y, and been requested to order an election. Under theseoircumstances, the bonds in suit should not be declared .invalid, lIlands of any holder of the same, unless the charter
o(ihe city contains unmistakable evidence that the council could not lawfully act otherwise than by. an ordinance. It is sufficient to say that we find nothing in the various provisions of the charter, to which our attention has been directed, which can be said to clearly indicate that the power to call an election to vote on a proposition to issue improvement bonds can only be exercised by ordinance; and we think that, after such an election had been lawfully called and held, the council had an undoubted right to order an issuance of bonds by a resolution, inasmuch as it had been instructed to issue them by a popular vote. Indeed, it might well be claimed, in view of the peculiar language of section 38, art. 3, supra, that a popular vote instructing the council to issue bonds for general improvements, was so far mandatory as to deprive the council of all discretion, and make it obligatory upon that body to obey the popular mandate. But, waiving that point, it is to be observed, that, whenever the char· ter in question authorizes particular acts to be done by ordinance, it is dealing with matters wholly foreign to the issllance of bonds for general improvements, which can in no event be issued without the sanction of a popular vote; that is to say, it is dealing with the subject of levying taxes, opening streets and alleys, building sewers, appropriating money, and drawing warrants or other like orders, usually termed "scrip," on the city treasury. In the section relating to the issuance of bonds for public improvements, which is quite full and complete in itself, the word "ordinance" is not employed. We are unable, therefore, to discover in the aforesaid proVisions of the charter any imperative reasons why a proposition to issue bonds, as contemplated by section 38, may not be submitted to the people in the form of a resolution as well as in the form of an ordinance. If, as in the present instance, the proposition upon which the citizens of the municipality are asked to vote is fairly stated in the resolution, and the same is duly proclaimed or advertised, we cannot conceive of any substantial reason why a resolution does not answer all of the purposes of an ordinance. In support of its contention that the bonds in suit should be held to have been issued without authority of law, much stress is laid on a recent decision of this court in National Bank of Commerce v. Town of Granada, 54 Fed. 100, 4 C. C. A. 212, 10 U. S. App. 692; but an examination of the opinion and statement in that case will show that it is readily distinguishable from the case at bar. In the case last referred to the town was required to act in obedience to laws which are materially different from the charter provisions involved in the present SUiL But it is more important to observe that the laws of Colorado which were then under consideration, in terms, required the town to act by ordinance, and it had assumed to so act but in doing so it had utterly failed to comply with certain manda· tory provisions of a state statute, which rendered the pretended ordi· nance utterly void, as this court then held. The ordinance in question had neither been recorded, nor authenticated by the signature of the presiding officer, nor published as the statute of Colorado required, by reason of which facts it had not become operative. Nothing was decided in the last·mentioned case which can be said. to con·
trolth.e.deeiis'ion in the case at bar. Our conclusion is that the us discloses no material error, and the judgment of the circuit court is therefore affirmed.
:(Oircu!t Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit.
No. 340.
February 12, 1894.)
Act Iowa,' Feb. 17, 188S, which limits to. six months a. right of action against cities for injuries resulting from defective sidewalks, unless notice is served on the 'City within 90 days from the injury. applies as ,weU· to infants as to adults.
III. 'E.rror to the Circuit. Court of the United States for the South· el':q' ])fstrict of I()wa. .Action by Allelia R. Morgan, by her 'next friend, B. W. Morgan, agaiIl:st the city of Des' Momes, for personal injuries. Defendant 'jtidgment on denturrer to the petition. Plaintiff brings error·.. William A. Park, for plaintiff in error. Brennan, for defj:!'ndant in error. Befote CALDWELL and SANBORN, Circuit Judges, and THAY· ER, District Judge.
OALDWELL, Circuit Judge. The plaintiff in error, Allelia R. Morgan, a. minor, by her next friend, B. W. Morgan, brought suit against the city of Des Moines, Iowa, in the United States circuit court for the southern district of Iowa, to recover damages for an injury resulting from a defective sidewalk in the city. The petition alleged that the injury occurred on the 25th day of April, 1891, and this. suit was commenced on the 29th day of August, 1892. On the 17th of FebI'tlary, 1888, the general assembly of the state of Iowa passed the following act: '
"Chap. 25. Suits and Claims against Municipal Corporations. "An act limiting the time of claims and bringing suits against munic.pal corporations inclUding cities organized under special charters. "Be if enacted the general assembly of the state of Iowa: "Section 1. That in all cases of personal Injury resulting from defective streets· or sidewalkS or from any cause originating in the neglect or failure of any municipal corporation, or its officers, to perform ,their duties in constructing, or maint,aining streets or side-walks, no suit shall be brought against the corporation after six months from the time of the injury, unless written notice specifying the place and circumstances of the injury shall have served upon such municipal corporation within ninety days after the injurY, "Sec.? All the provisions of this act shall be applicable to all cities in this state now organized under special charters. Approved February 17, 1888." . .
The petition did not aver that written notice specifying the place and circumstances of' the injury had been served upon the city,


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Mormon Helping Hands Program Completes First Decade of Service
Service rendered by members of the Church around the world comes in many forms, but over the past 10 years that service has usually come in one color: yellow.
Whether rendering emergency aid after a natural disaster or cleaning up the local park, the Mormon Helping Hands program, with its bright yellow tabards or T-shirts, has become a welcome sign of hope for those in need during the past decade.
Mormon Helping Hands is a priesthood-directed Church program that, teamed up with the welfare program of the Church, contributes to relief efforts and facilitates other service projects around the world.
In the Beginning
Officially established in 1998, the Mormon Helping Hands program was created as a way for Church members in South America to reach out and serve their communities. Starting in Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Chile, Church leaders designated an annual day of service for members to give of their time and efforts in a prepared service project.
During this first official organized effort, tens of thousands of Church members of all ages in South America collaborated to participate in a multinational service project. In an effort to strengthen and beautify their communities, members spent time repairing and painting schools and hospitals and cleaning parks, streets, and other public spaces.
Not long after the first service day, the idea spread to Brazil, where service continued and the program began to grow. By 2002 the organization had been named one of the most important volunteer organizations in Brazil because of the good it brought to the people.
Today, millions of hours of service have been donated by hundreds of thousands of volunteers in all areas of the world. What began as a multinational service project in a few countries of South America turned into a worldwide relief effort for people in need. The program currently operates in Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America, North America, and the Pacific.
Providing Relief
After Hurricane Ike stormed through the southern United States in 2008, work crews were organized to help with cleanup. Members in southeast Texas joined together to clean up debris left in yards and to distribute hygiene kits, cleaning kits, and food boxes in areas devastated by the storm. Local bishops' storehouses stocked with food, water, tools, and other necessary supplies provided resources for those in need.
When flooding killed some 20 people in the midwestern United States and left thousands homeless in 2008, Church members and missionaries donned yellow Mormon Helping Hands T-shirts and helped with sandbagging and other relief efforts. The Cedar Rapids Iowa Stake set up a relief warehouse filled with the wheelbarrows, shovels, and work clothes the Church sent. As part of the area most heavily affected by the flooding, the stake also received funds to purchase power washers and generators. The community accepted the relief efforts with gratitude.
Improving Communities
While disasters provide opportunities to serve, no disaster is necessary to involve members in reaching out to their communities. Working to improve communities gives Church members the opportunity to give their time and talents to bless others in need and to show that their community is important to them.
In November 2007 more than 100,000 members in Africa participated in a continent-wide service project cleaning up communities. Their efforts included cleaning and landscaping the Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital in Cape Town, South Africa; planting more than 50 trees in Olivenhoutbosch, South Africa; filling potholes and clearing glass and rubble along roads in Kitale, Kenya; and repairing playground equipment.
At the conclusion of the project, Nikki Bishop, CEO of the Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, commented that "the difference this is going to make to the children, parents, staff, and visitors will be enormous. We are deeply grateful. The project has gone tremendously well, transforming the hospital. I am delighted and thrilled."
Strengthening Members
One of the important principles taught by Jesus Christ and lived by His followers is that of service: "And behold, I tell you these things that ye may learn wisdom, that ye may learn that when ye are in the service of your fellow beings ye are only in the service of your God" (Mosiah 2:17).
Not only do Mormon Helping Hands projects accomplish much good for those in need by making use of the time and talents of members, but they also bless those rendering the service. They help members become more sensitive to the challenges others face. As members follow the example of the Savior, their testimonies are strengthened, and by serving together, members become more united.
"First of all, it helps us internally," said Mike Martin, then president of the Pretoria South Africa Stake, after the 2007 All-Africa Helping Hands Day. "We are better able to bond with each other, and it develops unity; but really it is great just to be out there in the community, see some of the issues that people face, and try in a small way to make a little bit of a difference."
Building Bridges
In partnership with government leaders, education officials, and private businesses, some 50,000 Church members and friends worked together in April 2005 to improve the conditions of 200 schools in São Paulo, Brazil. Painting doors, cleaning classrooms, and repairing desks were some of the ways volunteers served in the schools.
Such service events bring many different groups of people together; these people improve the areas and form friendships. Relationships developed while giving service can build bridges of understanding and strengthen relationships with officials and the community.
Mormon Helping Hands projects are not meant to be proselytizing activities. Rather they are meant to be opportunities to promote Christian service that might not otherwise occur.
In September 2006 members in the Bristol England Stake worked within their community to improve a struggling community farm. In one day members were able to work on a wheelchair access path; paint; dig; clean; and build educational toys, bird boxes, and feeders for the farm. More than 2,500 hours of service were given, and the improvement was noticeable. The local mayor visited the farm, expressed his gratitude, and said how impressed he was with what had been accomplished.
Through the Mormon Helping Hands organization, Church members worldwide have rendered service, improved communities, and formed friendships. The service projects have not only touched lives but also have deepened the faith of those involved and built bridges in communities and organizations.
Photograph by Craig Dimond
Photograph by Normon Burningham
Elder David A. Bednar Visits Cebu Saints
Latter-day Saints from the five stakes in Cebu were delighted in August 2008 when Elder David A. Bednar of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, together with his wife, Susan Bednar, visited the Philippines. From August 15 to 17, 2008, Elder and Sister Bednar spoke to and visited with the Saints and missionaries during several meetings in Cebu. Elder Bednar also presided over the Cebu Philippines Central Stake conference.
Young Single Adults
At a multistake young single adult meeting, Elder Bednar emphasized the importance of meaningful prayer and personal revelation. "Pray in faith. This requires effort, commitment, and persistence. Faith in Christ leads to righteous action. We press forward after praying in faith by acting upon the things we have expressed to Heavenly Father."
He also taught the Saints, "Revelation is real and available to every member of the Church who has been baptized, confirmed, and admonished to receive the Holy Ghost. The Holy Ghost, described in the scriptures as a still, small voice, usually communicates with us in ways that are quiet and subtle. Taking the Holy Spirit for our guide is essential for our spiritual growth and survival in an increasingly wicked world."
Elder Bednar taught members about the temple during the Cebu Central Stake Saturday evening session of conference. "There soon will be a temple closer and more easily accessible for you," he said. "Look with anticipation for the blessings that will come to your families as you make and keep sacred temple covenants. Prepare earnestly for and take advantage of every opportunity to attend the temple."
Elder Bednar explained that the adversary relentlessly attempts to destroy families and to deter members from attending the temple. Elder Bednar counseled, "Pattern your homes after the temple—make each one a house of learning, a house of prayer, a house of order" (see D&C 109:8).
Homes should be places of learning—a place where inspired questions are answered with the assistance of the Spirit, where the gospel of Jesus Christ is learned and obeyed. "Our homes can be a spiritual refuge when patterned after the temple," added Elder Bednar.
In a meeting expressly for the youth, Elder Bednar invited them to properly prepare for missionary service with the help of the Lord. "Study the scriptures daily and be obedient to all of God's commandments. When you live the gospel, you can help encourage others to do the same," he said.
"The gospel provides answers to why we are here and where we are going, which strengthens us and helps us obey the commandments," he explained. "When you know and fully understand that you are a child of God, you will not violate the law of chastity and other commandments. … When we choose to do wrong, we have forgotten who we really are. As you come to understand that you are a chosen son or daughter of God, obedience will naturally follow."
"Do not underestimate the spiritual capacity of the youth to understand and live the gospel. They have spiritual depth, yearnings, and desires," Elder Bednar told the parents and leaders present as the devotional concluded.
Photograph by Randy Tan
Web Extends Distribution Services' Reach
For many members of the Church who need essential Church materials and supplies, such as pictures, temple clothing, scriptures, or other distribution items, getting to a distribution center can be costly and time consuming, even with many such centers around the world.
"We still have many, many members of the Church who are hours away [from a center] who can have products right at their fingertips—shipped directly to their door so they don't have to travel to a distribution center," said Jim Christensen, manager of product development for Church Distribution Services.
Distribution Services uses the Internet to expand the shopping options available to many members of the Church, though language, currency, and location do prevent some from using the online services. Country Web sites have been created to serve specific areas throughout the world.
Included in those areas is a site based in Argentina, a site based in Australia, and a site for members in the United States and Canada. A Web site hosted in Germany and designed to serve most of Europe is currently being developed. Other sites are planned for future development.
Members can access all of the sites by going to LDSCatalog.com and clicking on Country Sites at the top of the page.
The materials offered online are available for the same price as at distribution centers. Items ordered from the U.S. Web site and shipped to addresses in the U.S. and Canada are sent without shipping fees.
Materials ordered from country distribution sites are shipped from local distribution centers when possible to avoid international shipping fees and import and export duties that members would have to pay.
The site often gives purchasers more options than a distribution center. "There is a greater selection," said Steve Argyle, presentations coordinator for Distribution Services. "At local distribution centers there are often space restrictions. Online you can get everything that we offer."
From Clothing to Curriculum
The Web site allows buyers to purchase items or leads them to where they can find more information on what they are looking for.
The Web site has a section entitled "New Items," which identifies products recently made available, such as pictures of newly dedicated temples, current issues of the Church magazines, and other new products.
Curriculum items are currently available through the Web site in English, Spanish, and French. Gospel study materials, manuals, catalogs, and other resources are available to benefit homes, wards, and branches. Church units can order curriculum material for all auxiliaries for the year from the site, along with specific materials catering to the needs of members in their units with limited sight or hearing or other disabilities.
Information regarding family history work, including supplies for family history centers, census information, hints on how to begin, and other useful resources are available to help those who would like to get started in family history work. Software downloads are also available through Distribution Services.
For artwork seen in the Church Materials Catalog, visitors to the Web site can search by title or by artist, making prints more readily available to members around the world.
Finding the Right Way
Brother Argyle said that Distribution Services makes materials available to members in a variety of ways, including telephone, fax, and mail orders. The Web sites are one more way to achieve that goal. "The Web site is just one part of a plan that makes Church materials accessible to all Church members," he said.
Training Meetings Available Online
The First Presidency has announced that no Worldwide Leadership Training broadcast will be held in 2009. A letter to priesthood leaders suggests that leaders review previous broadcasts and use them for continuing instruction according to unit needs.
Proceedings of broadcasts from 2006, 2007, and 2008 are available online in many languages. The meetings were broadcast over the Church satellite system and are available in a variety of formats. Meetings prior to 2006 were distributed in booklet form.
The 2008 training session, titled Building Up a Righteous Posterity, is available in text, audio, or video format in 12 languages and in audio formats in 61 languages. The broadcast included messages from President Thomas S. Monson; President Boyd K. Packer, President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles; Elder Jeffrey R. Holland of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles; and a roundtable discussion with Elder Dallin H. Oaks of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles; Elder Holland; Julie B. Beck, Relief Society general president; Susan W. Tanner, then Young Women general president; and Cheryl C. Lant, Primary general president. The broadcast originally aired on February 9, 2008.
The 2007 training session, titled Teaching and Learning, is available in text in 22 languages, in audio in 10 of those languages, and as video in American Sign Language, English, and Spanish. Included in the training were messages from President Thomas S. Monson, President Boyd K. Packer, Elder L. Tom Perry of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, and Elder Jeffrey R. Holland. The meeting was held on February 10, 2007.
The 2006 training session, titled Supporting the Family, is available in text in 38 languages, in audio in 10 of those languages, and as video in American Sign Language, English, and Spanish. The broadcast featured President Thomas S. Monson, Elder L. Tom Perry and Elder David A. Bednar of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, and Bonnie D. Parkin, then general president of the Relief Society.
To access the online material at LDS.org, go to Gospel Library and click on Worldwide Leadership Training.
Mexico City Temple Rededicated
President Thomas S. Monson formally rededicated the Mexico City Mexico Temple on November 16, 2008, after 19 months of renovation. President Henry B. Eyring, First Counselor in the First Presidency, also attended the rededication.
After functioning without interruption for 25 years, the temple closed its doors on March 31, 2007, for remodeling. In October the temple opened for a public open house. Guided tours were offered from October 20 through November 8, 2008, excluding Sundays. Latter-day Saints from the region then attended two dedicatory sessions.
The temple serves approximately 264,000 members of the Church who live in Mexico City and the states of Mexico, Guerrero, Guanajuato, Morelos, Baja California Sur, Michoacán, Hidalgo, Puebla, Querétaro, and San Luis Potosí.
The Mexico City Temple was the first of 12 temples constructed in Mexico and was originally dedicated on December 2, 1983.
The history of the Church in Mexico City traces back to 1875, when President Brigham Young sent Daniel Jones along with a small group of missionaries to Mexico City, where they distributed brochures to several Mexican leaders. One of these brochures fell into the hands of Plotino Rhodacanaty, who later became the first member of the Church in Mexico. In November 1879 the Church's first branch in Mexico City was organized with Brother Rhodacanaty as branch president.
Currently, the Church has 212 stakes and approximately 1,120,000 members throughout the country.
Laie Hawaii Temple Closes for Renovations
To return the temple to its original beauty and bring it up to date with current temple standards, the Laie Hawaii Temple closed on December 29, 2008, for renovations. The renovation is expected to be finished in approximately 18 months, and the temple will be rededicated after the project is complete.
Members in the Laie Hawaii Temple district will have access to the Kona Hawaii Temple. The Laie Hawaii Temple was first dedicated by President Heber J. Grant in 1919 and was later rededicated after renovation and expansion in 1978.
London Temple Celebrates 50 Years
More than 500 members met on Sunday, September 7, 2008, in a special devotional to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the dedication of the London England Temple by President David O. McKay (1873–1970).
Elder Patrick Kearon, Area Seventy, presided over the meeting. Seven previous temple presidents were also in attendance.
Graham Dunn, current temple recorder and second counselor in the Crawley England Stake presidency, quoted the Prophet Joseph Smith: "It may seem to some to be a very bold doctrine that we talk of—a power which records or binds on earth and binds in heaven. Nevertheless, in all ages of the world, whenever the Lord has given a dispensation of the priesthood to any man by actual revelation, or any set of men, this power has always been given" (D&C 128:9).
Current temple president Michael Fagg noted the impact the temple has on the community and testified that "the temple truly is the house of the Lord, and He's invited us to join Him there."
The fireside was attended by the leaders of both the West Sussex and East Sussex County councils, along with Lord and Lady Teviot, who are both highly involved in family history work. Lady Teviot serves as president of the Federation of Family History Societies.
A special display was set up in the foyer of the meetinghouse showing archive photographs of the building and dedication of the temple. The photographs were also published in a program given to everyone who attended.
Church Museum Gets Name Change
To align itself with other Church entities, including the new Church History Library now under construction, the Museum of Church History and Art in Salt Lake City is now the Church History Museum. The museum showcases the Mormon experience, with permanent galleries as well as temporary exhibits on specific themes. There are guided as well as self-guided tours. The museum is open Monday through Saturday. Admission is free.
British Genealogist Lectures in Salt Lake City
Distinguished British genealogist Colin R. Chapman lectured at the Family History Library in Salt Lake City in October 2008 on the topics "Was Your Ancestor Really Married?" and "Genealogy in Early British Censuses, 1086 to 1841." Mr. Chapman helped establish six British county genealogical societies and is the author of 14 books on family history. He was involved in developing the three-letter Chapman County Code, which has become the international standard in family history work.
Family History Consultants Supported Online
To help support family history consultants, the Family History Department is developing new online tools and services. Access to up-to-date training and new systems, services, and products are some of the resources available. Information, updates, and helpful hints will be e-mailed periodically to registered participants. Consultants can register at http://consultant.familysearch.org with their unit number and Church membership number.
Additional Sharing Time Ideas, March 2009
The following are additional ideas Primary leaders may use with the Sharing Time printed in the March 2009 Liahona. For the lesson, instructions, and activity that correspond with these ideas, see
Show pictures that represent different responsibilities of a father (teaching his children in family home evening, serving in the Church, providing for his family, spending recreational time with family members, working on a home improvement project, and so on). To show that fathers have many responsibilities, have children identify what the father is doing in each picture. Teach and discuss the responsibilities of a father found in paragraph 7 of
"The Family: A Proclamation to the World" (Liahona, Oct. 2004, 49). Sing the second verse of "The Family Is of God" (Liahona, Oct. 2008, F12–F13).
Have children role-play while you tell the story of Nephi, emphasizing the influence and role of his father, Lehi (see 1 Nephi 1; 2). Beforehand, make name tags for the children to wear that represent characters in the account. Involve as many children as possible. Bear testimony that one of the most important responsibilities a father has is to lead his family. Encourage the children to write a note expressing their love for their father and to give it to him.
Have several older children come to Primary prepared to sing a song or hymn about mothers or about families. Every time they come to the word mother, have the pianist pause so the children who are singing can whisper "mother" into a different child's ear. At the end of the song, have those children whisper it to the children on both sides of them. Ask the children to raise their hands if they know what sharing time is about. Teach the responsibilities of a mother as found in
"The Family: A Proclamation to the World," paragraph 7. Help the children understand that nurture means "to help grow and develop." Beforehand, write on pieces of paper some things a mother does to nurture her family. Put the papers in a container. (Examples: listening, making dinner, rocking a baby, giving a hug, reading to a child, and so on.) Have children take turns choosing a paper and pantomiming the action while the others guess what it is. Sing the third verse of "The Family Is of God" (Liahona, Oct. 2008, F12–F13). Bear testimony of the influence of mothers.
Play the following guessing game. Make labels that say "grandfather," "grandmother," "uncle," "aunt," and "cousin." Choose an older child to wear a label on his or her back. Show the label to the Primary, except for that child. Tell the child that the label represents a member of a family. Have the children give the child clues to guess which label he or she is wearing. (Examples: I live in your grandmother's house. Or, I am your grandmother's son. Or, I am your mother's brother.) Repeat for each label.
Teach that grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins are all part of our family and that Heavenly Father planned for us to support and help each other. Invite the children to think of times when an extended family member helped or supported their families. Ask the children to think of an extended family member they could help in some way. Help them make a sack puppet to represent this person (see
"Puppets," Teaching, No Greater Call [1999], 176–77). Have the children sing a song or hymn about families using their puppets. Ask a few children to show their puppets and tell what they can do to help that person. Have the children take their puppets home as a reminder to discuss with their parents what they felt they could do to help a family member.


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Posted 6 years ago
(3 items)
I need help identifying these 2 glasses. They are crystal, gold-rimmed on lip and around the base with pretty etchings on them.
I've been researching and trying to identify them....to no avail. Anyone?
All help and suggestions welcome.
Thank you in advance for your kindness.


text: Hello, I've have just finished to develop an App which help your phone is safe. Below are 2 main functions 1. Incoming sms will be encrypted with specific contacts via configuration 2. Sending location with the image which is took from front of camera via email which is also configured.The email will be sent if it match below cases -The phone is restarted -SIM changing -Received "Stolen" sms -The screen is open. this case will be enabled when the phone receive sms "Screen x". "x" is a number of times to execute this case Please try and give me any feedback Shon Tran


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Builders back Sink
One might assume that Republican chief financial officer candidate Tom Lee, as a builder, would snag the endorsement of the Associated Builders & Contractors of Florida. But the organization representing 1850 contractors and subcontractors employing more than 100,000 Floridians is endorsing Democrat Alex Sink.
"Alex is the more experienced candidate in the CFO race. No one can match her business experience, civic involvement, and management skills," said ABC State Chairman David Hamilton. "Florida is lucky to have a person of such high caliber running for office."
The group has also endorsed Republicans Charlie Crist for governor and Bill McCollum for attorney general.