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Literature Review Sample on BullyingPosted by Vic Fabe at 7:40 PM
Chapter 2
This part of the study will be discussing the relevant literature connected with the study of the bullying in high school. This part of the study accounts the works that has been published on a topic by accredited scholars and researchers. All this would allow the readers to map the field and position your research within the context. Moreover, this part of the study justifies the reason for research. This is closely connected with demonstrating that is known in the field. It is the knowledge of the field that allows one to identify the gap, which the research could fill. Concurrently, it allows the researcher to establish the theoretical framework and methodological focus.
Adolescents in High School
Adolescence is an especially dangerous time of life. The onset of puberty produces biological changes that are certainly unprecedented, if not scary. The adolescent's body changes visibly, and while his appearance continues to change, his concept of self changes as well. The reception he receives from others changes, in addition to the way he responds to them. The boundaries once conceived of as permanent are uncertain and must be reconfigured. The adolescent will begin to see himself as having sexual drives and may feel great anxiety surrounding sexual matters. And in response to this myriad of intense feelings and changes, the adolescent presents himself as omnipotent and totally in control, lest anyone misperceive him for weak, confused, and searching for an identity. When their identities and body images are unclear, adolescents are especially sensitive to the way they are seen by others, especially their peer group. Here especially, the actual self is constantly being compared to the ideal self, a representation of what is important and valued by a particular group. The conglomeration of these factors makes adolescence highly susceptible to the development of shame. Additionally, adolescence is a period of time in which conflicts with parents are abundant. These conflicts are developmentally appropriate, as the individual is torn between wanting to please his parents and wanting to separate and differentiate his identity from theirs. This experience of feeling such opposing emotions may add to an already overwhelming sense of shame. Adolescence is confusing, in part, because self-consciousness is increased and personal differences are muffled. The primary concern for adolescents is how a wide circle of significant people sees them. This is much more important than who and what they themselves have come to feel they are (Erikson, 1985). When individuals who are experiencing shame enter adolescence, these painful feelings are exaggerated. Shame alone is often debilitating and adolescence alone is often debilitating. Put together, the combination is intolerable and often combustible.
Furthermore, Erikson (1963) considers identity formation to be the cornerstone of adolescent psychosocial development. Josselson (1987) offers this definition, "Identity, then is a dynamic fitting together of parts of the personality with the realities of the social world so that a person has a sense both of internal coherence and meaningful relatedness to the real world" (pp. 12-13). An alternative to identity achievement is identity diffusion, which occurs when adolescents are not able to commit to definite life choices. Erikson (1985) stresses that at least some role confusion is a "normative and necessary" experience for adolescents, but it can lead to a more dysfunctional state, such as an inability to fully experience intimacy, if an individual remains unable to move out of this period of indecision. Erikson notes several assumptions about the nature of identity. First, although identity development is particularly salient during adolescence, changes can and do occur earlier, in childhood, and later, in adulthood. Second, successful identity development depends in part on how earlier tasks during the life span have been resolved. Third, optimal identity formation can occur only when adolescents take an active role in their identity search and experience a normative period of moratorium, when they actively try out different roles without making a definite commitment. Fourth, identity development cannot be considered solely an individualistic process. Exploration and commitment are based in part on historical and contextual factors. Fifth, identity is neither static nor unidimensional. Erikson (1963) cites five facets of identity - sexual, religious, political, ideological, and occupational - and believes that individuals redefine these identities throughout the course of their lives. One of the strengths of adolescents, according to Erikson, is their capacity for fidelity to individuals or institutions. Adolescents, as a result of their search for identity, may be eager to make a strong commitment, at least temporarily, to new belief systems. Even though the rationale behind these belief systems cannot always be articulated, it does not decrease the passion that adolescents are capable of expressing for individuals or ideas. This sense of commitment has been found to be an important part of ethnic (Phinney & Tarver, 1988) and religious (Markstrom-Adams & Hofstra, 1993) identity development, as well as global identity (Waterman, 1985). Fidelity, similar to commitment in many ways, also includes a focus on expressing pride in being affiliated with persons or institutions, as well as placing high value on keeping promises and being faithful (Kitchener, 1983). It could also be argued that the development of a personal sense of fidelity serves as a protective factor for adolescents.
Concurrently, Garbarino, Kostelny, and Dubrow (1991) argue that the formation of a strong ideological identity is an effective buffer against extreme stress, especially if that ideology is based on tolerance for others, even an enemy. Humans are meaning-seeking organisms without meaning they tend to get lost and succumb to self-destructive or to antisocial behavior or to madness" (p. 22). Thus, self-construed ideologies may buffer against negative outcomes, both psychological and behavioral. Although identity development during adolescence has been the subject of considerable study, Waterman (1985) maintains that several of its dimensions have not been fully explored. This has resulted from a tendency, in both Erikson's writing and in the research on identity (Marcia, 1980), to treat identity as a global descriptive quality. An. adolescent is said either to have a clear personal sense of identity or to lack one, with each state viewed as having distinct psychological concomitants. Grotevant (1986) suggests that the study of identity should examine specific content areas, in those different identity domains of an adolescent's life "come into focus" in different periods. Previous studies have reported that a strong sense of self-efficacy was associated with better coping with stressors (Bandura, 1997). Thus, a high level of self-efficacy may prevent a potential negative effect of stress experience on bullying behavior, in addition to having a direct effect. To explore whether perceived efficacy might have a modifying affect, however, the first step would be to examine whether there is any association between stress experience and bullying behavior. Similarly, perceived social support and influence on decisions that are made, may be of importance in how the pupils react to a stressful environment (Karasek and Theorell, 1990). These factors may thus act as buffers in a potential association between stress experience and bullying behavior. However, they may also have a direct influence on how the pupils behave. Perceived social support have been observed to be positively associated with psychosomatic health (Bru et al., 1998; Natvig et al., 1999) and may be related to behavior as well.
Violence and Aggression
Violence and undesirable behavior among school children have received increasing attention the last years. Different aspects of associations between aggression and self-perceptions have also been explored. Some studies (Olweus, 1997) have observed associations between high degree of self-esteem and bullying or aggressive behavior. In contrast, one previous study (DuBois et al., 1998) found that high levels of global self-esteem were associated with more favorable scores on measures of adjustment, with fewer emotional and behavioral problems. Other aspects of associations between aggression and self-perceptions have been explored as well. Children with an aggressive attitude have been observed to rate their personal competence higher than their teachers and parents (Hughes et al., 1997). This finding is consistent with conclusions in a previous review (Baumeister et al., 1996), stating that violent behavior is associated with unrealistic favorable self-views that is contradicted by other persons (Baumeister et al., 1996).
A personal factor that partly overlaps with that of self-esteem is covered by the concept of self-efficacy. Self-efficacy comprises both a general and a more specific measure. The scale of general self-efficacy covers aspects related to self-worth. In view of similarities with the concept of self-esteem, high levels of general self-efficacy among the bullies may be expected. As concepts, however, self-efficacy and self-esteem differ somewhat. While self-esteem is viewed as a global concept with aspects of self-worth, perceived self-efficacy refers to beliefs in one's capabilities to organize and execute the courses of action required to produce given attainments (Bandura, 1997). A general lack of such self-beliefs may negatively affect a person's reaction pattern or attitude. Thus, low scores on the self-efficacy scales may be related to aggressive or bullying behavior as well. We have not found any previous studies exploring whether self-efficacy beliefs are related to bullying behavior. However, previous school related studies (Zimmerman et al., 1992; Zimmerman and Martinez-Pons, 1990) have found that high self-efficacy beliefs for self-regulated learning and academic goals were associated with better achievements.
Bullying Behavior
Bullying behavior is one part of the problem of school violence, covering both less and more severe types of violent behavior. Bullying is characterized by an aggressive behavior that is carried out repeatedly over time (Olweus, 1997). Typically, the bully is perceived as stronger than the victim. Personality characteristics of the bullies seem to be an important factor in explaining the problem of bullying (Olweus, 1997). Pulkkinen and Tremblay (1992) found that the bullies were aggressive, non social, and hyperactive. On the other hand, Olweus (1997) has reported that some bullies may be insecure and anxious, as opposed to the typical aggressive bully, in particular those who do not usually take the initiative to bullying when acting in groups. It has been reported that some bullies are also victims of bullying themselves (Craig, 1998; Rigby, 1998).
Some studies have focused on environmental factors at school in explaining the problem of bullying behavior. Typical factors have been school size and class size (Batsche and Knoff, 1994) as well as competition at school (Olweus, 1997). However, no significant relationships between these factors and bullying have been observed. Few previous studies have focused on the pupils' perception of different aspects of the school environment as potential risk factors for bullying behavior. Stress experience has been focused on in relation to the health of the pupils (Natvig et al., 1999), but less in relation to undesirable behavior. There are different ways of coping with stressful environments. Lazarus and Folkman (1984) have distinguished two types of coping functions as ways of responding to stressful events. One form of coping is problem focused or through direct action. This aims at confronting problem events directly by trying to solve them. The other type of coping is in tended to deal with the emotions aroused by the stressful situations (Lazarus and Folkman, 1984). Finding adequate ways of coping might be difficult for school adolescents. While some pupils can find acceptable ways of reacting, other pupils may have bullying as a way of reacting to an environment that they perceive as stressful.
Bullies are children who start fights with, tease, pick on, and dominate other children (Pellegrini, 1998). Large-scale investigations of bully/victim problems have been conducted in
Externalities of Bullying
Previous research examining family influences on the development of children's aggression, which includes more generally deviant behaviors such as cheating, lying, and destroying property in addition to bullying of peers, supports the conclusion that poor parenting skills play a causal role (Kandel & Wu, 1995). More research, however, is needed to identify the precise mechanisms by which family members and family processes influence children's aggression, and especially children's bullying or aggression with peers (Ladd, 1992). This study draws on three bodies of literature: The literature regarding children's bulling and victimization; the literature regarding family influences on the development of children's aggression; and the literature regarding family influences on children's peer relationships. Putallaz and Heflin (1990) proposed a model that accounts for direct and indirect parental influences on the development of children's peer relationships. Direct parental influences are those, which influence children's acquisition of social skills and social behaviors. Direct parental influences include parental modeling, conditioning, and coaching of children's social interactions. Parental modeling refers to behaviors that parents engage in to form and maintain interpersonal relationships with other adults; namely their spouses, relatives, and friends. Parental modeling also refers to behaviors that parents use to guide or control their children. Behaviors modeled by parents are observed by children and then imitated within the context of peers. The literature regarding the development of children's aggression and the literature regarding children's competence with peers are replete with findings that support a modeling theory for parental influences on children's peer relationships. Specifically, in comparison to parents of non-aggressive children, parents of aggressive children model incompetence in relationships because they are more likely to experience angry, emotional disagreements with their children, spouses, and other adults (Elder, Caspi, & Downey, 1986); they are more likely to solve parent-child conflicts by using physical punishment (Eron & Huesmann, 1990; Kandel & Wu, 1995); and finally, they, especially mothers, tend to be isolated and have few friends (Patterson, 1980).
A second type of direct parental influence on children's peer relationships involves conditioning. Specifically, children develop positive or negative associations with social interactions based upon the affective quality of their relationships with parents (Putallaz & Heflin, 1990). Previous studies demonstrate that children, whose parents are agreeable, warm, and affectionate, tend to develop competence with peers (Brody & Flor, 1998). In contrast, children whose parents are disagreeable, hostile, cold, or rejecting tend to be at risk for the development of aggression, including bullying peers, and delinquency (Sutton, Cowen, Crean & Wyman, 1999). Similarly, parent-child involvement, which refers to the amount of time and activities that parents and children share together, influences how children view social interactions. Children who spend considerable time with their parents, especially in activities that are perceived as fun and pleasurable, have more opportunities to experience parental warmth and affection than children who spend little time with their parents in shared activities. Children generalize the positive feelings that arise from shared activities with parents to social interactions with non-family members. In support of this notion, children's lack of involvement with parents has been related to children's aggression and deviancy (Loeber et al., 1998). Finally, a third type of direct parental influence on children's peer relationships is parents' coaching of children's interactional strategies with peers. A previous investigation of young children and their mothers found that the frequency of conversations between mothers and their children about peer relationships is related to children's social preference, or likeability (Laird, Pettit, Mize, Brown, & Lindsey, 1994). In addition, mothers in the same study reported that common topics of mother-child conversations involved giving advice to their children about how to initiate a friendship or deal with bullying. Other studies have found that the quality of advice that parents give to their children is related to children's peer competence. For example, mothers who suggest prosocial strategies for how to deal with hypothetical peer provocations and rebuffs tend to have children who are rated as less aggressive by teachers than mothers who suggest neutral or unfriendly strategies (Mize & Pettit, 1997).
Indirect parental influences on children's peer relationships deal with how parents influence children's opportunities for social interaction. Rubin and Sloman (1983) describe indirect influences as ways parents set the stage for children's social interactions. Indirect influences reflect how parents determine contexts within which children's peer interactions occur. These contexts include neighborhoods, day care programs and schools. Indirect influences also reflect how parents arrange children's social contacts by scheduling parties, allowing for visits with friends, and encouraging participation in organized extracurricular activities such as youth sports, scouts, and music lessons.
The Bully-Victim Relationship
In the context of bullying and peer victimization, empirical findings have uncovered different factors that may explain the occurrence of bully/victim problems at school. Alongside children's psychosocial functioning (Olweus, 1994), it was observed that social environmental factors, such as the peers (Smith et al., 1993), the school (Mooij, 1998), and the home environment (Smith et al., 1993), contribute to the risk of peer aggression and victimization at school. Outcomes studies of anti-bullying intervention programs, focusing on the school environment, revealed a diverse pattern of positive (Olweus and Alsaker, 1991), moderate (Smith and Sharp, 1994; Stevens et al., 2000), and low (Pepler et al., 1994) effects. Besides other factors, it was argued that the limited focus on the relationship of the family environment to children's involvement in bully/victim problems at school contributes to the maintenance of the problem behavior (Stevens et al., 2001).
Furthermore, previous family studies on bully/victim problems primarily focused on children's perceptions of family dimensions. This research revealed significant differences between bullies, victims, and bully/victims. Bullies perceive their family as less cohesive (Bowers et al., 1992) and experience more hostility (Oliver et al., 1994). Peer aggression was found to be associated with an avoidant attachment history (Smith et al., 1993). Moreover, bullies perceive a strong power imbalance between father and mother, the fathers being more powerful. A power imbalance was also observed between siblings and themselves, the siblings being more powerful (Bowers et al., 1992). According to the bullies, their family encourages less autonomy (Rican et al., 1993), lacks structure, and primarily adopts rules that reinforce aggressive behavior (Oliver et al., 1994). For boys in particular, an association was found between bullying and inadequate communication structures in the family (Rigby, 1994).
Victims perceive their families as characterized by high levels of cohesion (Bowers et al., 1992) and low scores on negotiation (Oliver et al., 1994; Rican et al., 1993). An association was found between victimization and ambivalent attachment relationships. Compared with a group of controls, victims of bullying reported that their fathers had more power than did their mothers. They perceived siblings as being slightly less powerful compared to themselves (Bowers et al., 1992). Furthermore, it was found that victims perceive small differences on parental monitoring compared to control children, thus revealing a less accurate monitoring style (Bowers et al., 1994). Clear differences were found between boys and girls. For boys, it was found that victimization is associated with a negative relationship with the absent father in single-parent families. Victimized girls reported more negativism and hostility (Rican et al., 1993) and a negative relationship with the mother (Rigby, 1993). It was found that the famil y encourages less autonomy in girls (Rican et al 1993). Bowers et al. (1994) identified a distinct family profile for the bully/victim group. The bully/victim group included children that have bullied others and themselves have been bullied as well. These families have low scores on cohesion, although these scores were not as low as the cohesion scores of bullies. Bully/victim children perceive a power-imbalance between father and mother, again showing fathers to be more powerful than mothers. However, compared to bullies, victims, or control children, bully/victim children reported having more power for themselves. Furthermore, bully/victim children perceive less accurate monitoring and warmth, but more overprotection and neglect. It was concluded that these families are distinguished by inconsistent discipline and monitoring (Schwartz et al., 1997;).
Empirical work that investigated the perception of parents on bully/victim problems is limited. Olweus (1980) carried out in-depth interviews with parents of victims and bullies. Research questions were related to parenting style and parental interaction with their children. For the fathers and mothers of bullies (only boys), Olweus (1980) found high permissiveness toward aggression, harsher discipline, and power-assertive child-rearing methods. In bullies' families, he also observerd more negativism toward the child. For parents of victimized children (only boys), the interview outcomes revealed close contacts with and overprotection by the mother. Moreover, there was more negativism and a weak identification between son and father. Nonetheless, no studies are known on family characteristics of bully/victim problems using data from multiple reporters within 1 family (parents and children). Previous studies showed that reports of family interactions primarily show the perception of each respondent (Langhinrichsen et al., 1990). Consequently, it would be fruitful to involve parents' and child's perception directly in the study. Differences between family members in their perceptions of family characteristics were found in several earlier studies. They reveal only moderate congruence between parents and children (De Bourdeaudhuij and Van Oost, 1998). It also has to be taken into account that questionnaires have to be completed independently by family members. Questionnaires are often completed at home and sent to the researchers afterwards. This procedure undoubtedly leads to congruence scores between family members, which are unrealistically high (De Bourdeaudhuij and Van Oost, 2000). From this it could be argued that more research is needed to investigate characteristics of bullies' and victims' families including both the viewpoint of parents and the child. An important question is whether and how parents and children's perceptions on family characteristics are related. The family dimensions included in this study were derived from the previous perception studies on family correlates of bully/victim problems. It focused on general dimensions of family functioning and general child-rearing practices. In addition, problem-solving strategies of children and their parents in hypothetical bully/victim conflicts were included as a more specific measure of family interactions, In a previous study, Barrett et al. (1996) asked anxious, oppositional, and non-clinical children and their parents to interpret and provide plans of action for ambiguous scenarios. They found evidence of family enhancement of avoidant and aggressive responses in children.
Although dramatic acts of school violence are relatively rare, ongoing aggression and victimization are serious problems that arise in schools on a daily basis. For instance, research has found that 10-20% of kindergarten and elementary age children are repeatedly teased, threatened, or attacked by their peers (Leff, Kupersmidt, Patterson, & Power, 1999). A pattern of perpetuating milder forms of aggression or being the victim of such aggression in the preschool and elementary age years is associated with a number of difficulties in the elementary and middle school years (Kochenderfer & Ladd, 1996). Even more striking is the finding that early aggressive behavior is highly correlated with later aggressive behavior (Huesmann, Eron, Lefkowitz, & Walder, 1984) and is predictive of later antisocial behavior, including physical aggression, criminal behavior, and spouse abuse (Huesmann et al., 1984). Further, there is strong evidence that many severely antisocial youth exhibit a "life-course" development of aggression in which their childhood acts of aggression progress from being somewhat mild (bullying, teasing, and annoying others), to more serious (repeated physical fighting, gang membership), to extremely serious (assault, robbery, rape) (Moffitt, Caspi, Dickson, Silva, & Stanton, 1996). Thus, it is imperative to direct prevention and early intervention efforts to lessen the milder forms of aggression that occur frequently in the elementary schools and that can lead to more serious acts of aggression and outbreaks of school violence among middle school and high school students.
Even though school aggression has become one of the most pressing societal concerns, aggression statistics, research, and prevention/intervention efforts are difficult to evaluate due to a host of methodological difficulties (Tolan & Guerra, 1996). For instance, many prevention/intervention programs do not employ sound research designs such as a group design including a random assignment procedure, adequate sample size, and sufficient follow-up assessment. Second, many programs do not utilize a multi-method outcome evaluation protocol (Weisz & Hawley, 1998) or adequate procedures to assess treatment integrity and acceptability (Moncher & Prinz, 1991). Further, very few programs provide structured and user-friendly manuals and handouts (Moncher & Prinz, 1991), which may greatly affect the integrity and generalizability of the program. Thus, methodological considerations have limited the usefulness of many initiatives within the schools.
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Will do, upto now no one has requested it
It would be a very high improvement to the interface if you get all strings in your own language.
gettext comes in handy here as it's easy for users to provide you with translation files. A java implementation can be found at http://code.google.com/p/gettext-commons/
Will do, upto now no one has requested it
The first trial version (0.89.1) version supporting foreign languages is out:
At this stage I have only uploaded the USB version, This is standalone zip version that
can be downloaded an unzipped anywhere without affecting any other installation.
I see this as a first attempt, rather than the finnished product.
1) There will be some text that I have missed (Some I left as is because it is more related to my testing)
2) There could be issues with some of the combobox's - will need testing.
I still need to setup automated testing for foreign languages
Version 0.95 has support for Other languages via GetText-PO files. There are samples for several languages (French, German etc) generated via Google GetText

subset: commoncrawl


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According to the New York Times, Derek Boogard's father Len has filed a lawsuit against the NHLPA seeking $9.8 million dollars in damages. The suit seeks the $4.8 million he was set to receive in salary under his contract with the New York Rangers, as well as $5 million in punitive damages. The suit claims that the union failed to meet the deadline to file an action against the Rangers for the remainder of his salary.
Boogaard, as previously reported by the Times in their excellent three-part investigation, struggled with an addiction to painkillers and died of an accidental overdose of prescription drugs.
The lawsuit states: "It is irrational for this union to believe that a grievance should not be filed over the nonpayment of the balance to one of its members' S.P.C. when the union is aware that a team or teams bears responsibility for the player's death." S.P.C. refers to a standard player contract.
NHLPA spokesman Johnathan Weatherton said in a statement, "We are saddened to read reports that the parents of the late Derek Boogaard have filed a lawsuit against the N.H.L.P.A.. We have not been served with or seen a copy of the complaint, but we are confident that there is no meritorious claim that can be made against the N.H.L.P.A. in regard to Derek's tragic death. It is not appropriate to comment further at this time."
A follow-up article in the NY Times this June showed that Derek's father Len had gathered thousands of documents regarding the last several months of his son's life, his medical treatment, and prescriptions. Interestingly, in that article, Len Boogaard told the Times that he was hesitant to pursue legal action because of the length of the legal process. It now appears that this could be the first of several legal actions taken by the Boogaard family as a result of their son's tragic death.
Tags: Law, NHLPA, Sports Law


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I've mentioned it on other threads.
Heisey - how does a guy hit 17 HR's in 245 at-bats and not become a starter or atleast a platoon? Holy smokes. Pro-rate his numbers and it's pretty impressive for a guy who is pretty much a major league rookie. I mean, Stubbs bats .250 and Bruce bats .260, but everyone cuts them slack because of either their speed or power. Heisey has the same power and probably bats .250 or .260 full time at this point in his career, with the potential to improve as he sees the pitchers. Another what could have been situation possibly.
Francisco - I've wanted this guy to get a full time chance for a long time. He would have had those opportunities this year if not for him getting hurt at the same time Rolen did. Just bad luck. But he is giving us the ultimate tease this September which makes you wonder if he could be that 4-hole hitter we're all looking for. Sure, he needs to swing at better pitches, but holy moly, this guy has some serious power. And that play he made at third the other night was probably in my top 5 all time defensively for any player at third. The strength of his arm to make that play including the ability to regain his balance to make the throw. Unbelievable. I hope this is more than just a tease.
Alonso - dude can flat out hit. Aside from being slowed by injuries at times in the minors, when healthy, this guy has proven himself at all levels. But where to play him?
I am always cautious, but if these 3 guys could hit like this most of the season, this offense would be very dangerous, not to mention young and aggressive. Add in a healthy Rolen and listen to what Scott is saying about how good he feels after surgery, and that teases you even more.
I will remain cautious. But part of me is interested to see all these guys in the lineup next year and see what they can do. The problem is Dusty and how he uses them. There are some perfect platoon situations at 3B, LF, and C. Although I will miss Ramon. I think Ramon is good with the Latin Pitchers. I think he is a good teammate and clubhouse guy, and unlike Gomes, is a pretty good hitter too. It wouldn't surprise me to see Mez traded and Ramon back next year.
My new prediction is that the only trades made will be for pitching improvements in the starting rotation and the bullpen. And ownership/management will go with the young guys - Alonso, Francisco, Heisey. Wouldn't surprise me to see Stubbs traded either and Heisey or Sappelt in CF next year.
My trade predictions are Mez, Stubbs, and possibly Alonso. Then you will see more of Francisco, Heisey, and Sappelt in the lineup next season, with an improved starting rotation.


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Becoming God: Pure Reason in Early Greek Philosophy
Bloomsbury Academic, Sep 27, 2012 - Philosophy - 192 pages
Becoming god was an ideal of many ancient Greek philosophers, as was the life of reason, which they equated with divinity. This book argues that their rival accounts of this equation depended on their divergent attitudes toward time. Affirming it, Heraclitus developed a paradoxical style of reasoning—chiasmus—that was the activity of his becoming god. Denying it as contradictory, Parmenides sought to purify thinking of all contradiction, offering eternity to those who would follow him. Plato did, fusing this pure style of reasoning—consistency—with a Pythagorean program of purification and divinization that would then influence philosophers from Aristotle to Kant. Those interested in Greek philosophical and religious thought will find fresh interpretations of its early figures, as well as a lucid presentation of the first and most influential attempts to link together divinity, rationality, and selfhood.


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Art is Herb's brother-in law.
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Behind the Scenes Clips, James Bond, Quantum of Solace
New Quantum of Solace Behind-the-Scenes Clips!
Those eyes. . . that compassionate face. . . sigh. . Oops — got a little distracted there. I'll leave the manjoyment to Pop and get back to the task at hand.
Where was I? Oh, right. Remember when there was some skepticism around Daniel Craig taking on the role as James Bond? Some argued he wasn't debonaire enough, or something. But he and the team behind Casino Royale proved the naysayers wrong and not only scored huge critical and box office success, but managed to redefine James Bond as the kind of action hero audiences are craving these days: a human being we can actually relate to (see also: Jason Bourne).
These behind-the-scenes clips not only reveal the vast production efforts (including many different shooting locations employed across the globe) going into the next installment, Quantum of Solace, but how cognizant the filmmakers are of what made Casino Royale so special. To me, this means the odds are good that this new movie (despite its mind-boggling title — seriously, quantum and solace . . . what?) will turn out as well as the last one.
Quantum of Solace hits U.S. theaters November 7 (October 31 in England). To watch dreamy Daniel and the rest of film crew discuss the making of the new Bond movie,


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My ultimate objective is an accurate base count. I treat a base on base as 1 base count. That may or may not be correct. If it is correct, how much time needs to elapse before one can no longer tie the two bases together. A week (s) etc..?
I believe it has more to do with percent gain b/n bases than time. See the link for an investor's corner article on base counting.
If the link doesnt work- search investors.com for base counting- it's the 4/18/11 investors corner article.
Also- the Pattern recognition subscritpion identifies the base count for you- well worth it IMO
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August 18, 2017
In most cases, urinary tract infections are annoyances that cause urinary discomfort. However, if left untreated, UTIs can develop into very serious and potentially life-threatening kidney infections (pyelonephritis) that can permanently scar or damage the kidneys. The infection may also spread into the bloodstream (called sepsis) and then elsewhere in the body.
UTIs in pregnant women pose serious health risks for both mother and child. UTIs that occur during pregnancy pose a higher than average risk of developing into kidney infections. Any pregnant women who suspects she has a urinary tract infection should immediately contact her doctor. Many doctors recommend that women receive periodic urine testing throughout their pregnancies to check for signs of bacterial infection.
In some adults, recurrent UTIs may cause scarring in the kidneys, which over time can lead to renal hypertension and eventual kidney failure. Most of these adults with kidney damage have other predisposing diseases or structural abnormalities. Recurrent urinary tract infections, even in the kidney, almost never lead to progressive kidney damage in otherwise healthy women.
Scarring and future kidney problems are also concerns for children who experience severe or multiple kidney infections.


text: 5 It seems the brief Nick Goody era in New York is officially over. The New York Yankees have announced they have traded Goody to the Cleveland Indians in exchange for cash or a player to be named later. Goody was designated for assignment on Friday when the Yankees officially announced the five-year, $86 […] Report: Yankees trade Nick Goody to Cleveland Indians20 Dec, 2016 in Transactions by Delia Enriquez


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Hey there, time traveller!
This article was published 22/8/2013 (1460 days ago), so information in it may no longer be current.
Articles for Billboard from non-profit organizations need to be in our office 14 days prior to the event. The length of this listing varies from week to week, we cannot guarantee that all items will be included. Please enter your events at http://wfp.to/events. Items can also be emailed to firstname.lastname@example.com (no attachments please) or fax: 204-697-7412.
Westview Dance Club is a non profit club that provides social ballroom dancing for couples with 30 weekly lessons plus practices for $250 per couple. For Sept. registration information Bev 204-275-6484 or firstname.lastname@example.com.
Asperger Manitoba will host the national conference on Asperger Syndrome in Winnipeg on October 8-9, 2013 at the Canad Inn Regent Casino Hotel. Register: www.differentway.ca
Prince Edward Legion Events * Prince Edward Legion #81, 300 Trent Ave., every Wednesday, Friday, Saturday until Dec. 31, Each Wednesday 7-10 p.m. come for Chase the Ace. Every Saturday 4-5:30 p.m. multi-prize meat draw.
Craig Street Cats - Kittenpalooza Adoption Event to Aug. 23, 2013, St. Vital Centre Community Booth (during mall hours). www.craigstcats.ca
Age & Opportunity Stradbrook, Hot Dog Sale, Aug. 23, 11:30 a.m.,Wyatt Dowling Insurance, 4-801 Regent Ave. W. All proceeds going to L'Arche Winnipeg.
St. Paul's Annual Pork Barbecue Aug. 23, 5-7 p.m., St. Paul's Middlechurch, 299 Balderstone Rd., West St. Paul. Adults $12, children under 12 $6.
ALS Society of Manitoba yard sale, Aug. 24, 8 a.m.-4 p.m., Gloria Dei Lutheran Church, 637 Buckingham Rd. Proceeds to Brummitt Feasby House. Volunteers required. No clothing or electronics. 204-837-1270.
Forum Art Centre open house & registration, Aug. 24, 1-4 p.m., 120 Eugenie St. Art classes start Sept. Information: www.forumartcentre.com/classes or 204-235-1069.
Biking to the Viking MS Bike Tour * Stonewall Veteran's Memorial Complex, Aug. 24 - Aug. 25, 8 a.m. Register: msbiketours.ca. $40.
Auditions for Annie presented by the North Kildonan Community Players, Aug. 25, 26 and 27, 6:30-9:30 p.m. (Show dates are Nov. 20-24). Information: email@example.com or 204-890-8999 to book an audition time.
MTEC Hospitality, Tourism and Retail Job Fair Aug. 26, 10 a.m. - 2 p.m., Winnipeg Convention Centre. Information: Fiona McIntyre 204-957-7437 or email@example.com. Free.
Sim'ya Ukrainian Dance registration, Aug. 27, 6:30-8:30 p.m., Simya Ukrainian Dance. Information: 204-963-8543 or firstname.lastname@example.com.
Canada's Royal Winnipeg Ballet School's Recreational Division class registration, 380 Graham Ave. In person registration: August 27-30, 11 a.m.-7 p.m. Visit rwb.org/school to register online (for select age groups).
The Millennium Library offers the following: Play and Learn in Library Park, Aug. 28, noon-1 p.m., register 204-986-4742.
Zoloto Ukrainian Dance Enrollment every Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday Aug. 29-Sept. 9, St. Joshaphat Church Hall, 590 Alverstone St.
Manitoba Theatre for Young People Summer Camp * Manitoba Theatre for Young People, Shaw Performing Arts Centre, 2 Forks Market Rd., every Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday now-Aug. 30, half-day camps for 4-5, full-day camps for 6-12, full-day teen Intensives Story to Stage Musical Theatre Movie Magic Animation Enchanted Forests, Steampunk, Spies & Private Eyes, Musical Pirates, Monsters, Secrets of the Samurai, Mythic Heroes, Improv & More! Register: www.mtyp.ca or 204-947-0394 ext. 230.
Summer drop in program St. James Anglican Parish Hall, 195 Collegiate St., until Aug. 30, 9 a.m. - 5 p.m., Monday to Friday 9 a.m. -11:30 a.m. for parent and children up to age 8. Afternoon youth program ages 9-16 from 1-5 p.m. No cost, snacks provided., no charge.
Weriers Walkers Free Guided Downtown Walking Tour Aug. 31, 10 a.m., Burton Cummings Theatre, 364 Smith St. Information: http://www.meetup.com/weriers-walkers/events/134229112/.
NorMan Pet Rescue yard sale, Aug. 31, 9 a.m.-3 p.m., 36 Alderwood Rd. Gently used treasures, barbecue, bake sale and adoptable pooches. If you would like to donate either items or baking email@example.com.
The Women of Note community choir is holding auditions on Sept. 3 and 5, Balmoral Hall. All women who enjoy music and love to sing are invited to join the choir. It's great music, great women and great fun. Information and to book your audition appointment, Jodi 204-255-5279.
Friendship Force Manitoba open house, Sept. 4, 6-9 p.m., Masonic Memorial Temple, 420 Corydon Ave. Dinner meeting theme: A Canadian Adventure. $20.
Concordia Hospital farmers market, now-Sept. 5, 11 a.m.-3 p.m., Concordia Place Parking Lot, 1000 Molson St.
New Directions 10th Annual Opikihiwawin Pow wow * Camp Amisk across from La Barrier Park, Sept. 7, 1 p.m. - 10 p.m. Registration: 11 a.m., followed by Grand Entries, 1 p.m. & 7 p.m. A free shuttle will operate all day from 491 Portage Ave. to the Pow Wow and back. Traditional Feast, Saturday, 5 p.m. ASL Interpreter on-site. Arts & Crafts table rentals 204-783-7078.
Riding Mountain Challenge MS Bike Tour Parkland Recreation Complex, Sept. 7-Sept. 8, 8 a.m., A two-day adventure that will challenge, motivate and inspire you, the MS Bike Tour will make a difference in your own life and the lives of everyone touched by MS. Cycle 150 kilometres over two days through beautiful Riding Mountain National Park. Register: msbiketours.ca. $40 registration fee.
Westview Dance Club Ballroom Dance Instruction, Sept. 8. 30 weekly lessons plus practices for $250 per couple. Sept. registration: Bev 204-275-6484 or email@example.com.
Walk of Hope in support of Ovarian Cancer Rainbow Stage, Kildonan Park, Sept. 8, 8:30 a.m. - 11 a.m. Survival starts with awareness. Make sure all the women you love know the most common symptoms of ovarian cancer: 1. bloating 2. pelvic or abdominal pain 3. difficulty eating or feeling full quickly 4. urinary symptoms (urgency or frequency). Information: http://ovariancancerwalkofhope.ca/walk-locations/winnipeg.
Fibromyalgia Support Group of Winnipeg monthly meeting SMD Building, 2nd Floor, 825 Sherbrook St., Sept. 9, 7 p.m. - 9 p.m. Tara Maltman-Just, Pharmacist, will be discussing Fibromyalgia Medications.
Good Neighbours' Choir begins its fall season Sept. 10, at 720 Henderson Hwy., every Tues. 9:30 to 11:30 a.m. For more information call Bob, 204-633-5472.
GriefShare Group 13 consecutive Wednesday starts Sept. 11, 6:30-8:30 p.m., Albright Church, 3400 DeVries Ave. Register: 204-334-5873.
St. Barnabas Anglican Church Annual Fall Fun Fair/Yard Sale, Sept. 14, 10 a.m.-3 p.m., 730 McPhillips St. Household items, home baking, gently used clothing, books, silent auction, bid auction and a barbecue.
Karma in the Park St. Vital Park, Sept. 15, 1 p.m. - 5 p.m. Register: 204-831-6231 and tickets. You will be able to access a massage, dance sesssion or a relaxation/visualization session. Adult $25, children $15.
The Buhler Gallery at St. Boniface Hospital invites the public to its new exhibition, The Story Illuminated: Children's Book Illustrations: Marie Louise Gay, Barbara Reid, Sheila McGraw, Bette Woodland and Jennifer LaBella, Sept. 20 to Jan. 19, 2014. The public is also invited to exhibition's opening event Sept. 19, 7 p.m.
Central School-âcole Centrale, 604 Day St., is celebrating its 100th anniversary on Sept. 28 from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m., with formal ceremonies at 11 a.m. and a family concert at 1 p.m. featuring Just Kiddin. Displays and school tours, a luncheon and children's activities are part of the fun. Information: principal Sid Shapira, firstname.lastname@example.com.
Canadian Hemophilia Society Golf Tournament Sept. 30, registration 11 a.m., Bridges Golf Course. Information: 204-775-8625 or www.hemophiliamb.ca.
Asperger Manitoba national conference on Asperger Syndrome, Oct. 8-9, Canad Inn Regent Casino Hotel. Register: www.differntway.ca.
Young Adult Support Group * Faces, 4 Fort St., Every Tuesday until Nov. 30, Support group for those between 15 and 30 living with psychosis, schizophrenia or schizo-affective disorder
Windy Corners Toastmasters Every Wednesday until Dec. 4, every Wednesday noon-1 p.m., 269 Main St.
CTK Bingo * Christ the King School Gymnasium, 12 Lennox Ave., Every Tuesday, Friday until Dec. 20, Warm-up games begin at 6:45 p.m. Regular games at 7:30 p.m.
Prince Edward Legion events Prince Edward Legion #81, 300 Trent Ave., Every Wednesday, Friday, Saturday until Dec. 31, each Wednesday 7-10 p.m. come for Chase the Ace. Free every Friday evening festivities! Every Saturday 4-5:30 p.m. multi-prize meat draw.
EDGE Career Program 3rd Floor Centre, 533 St. Anne's Rd., until Dec. 31, 9 a.m.-4 p.m., We are now recruiting for our 24th annual job training and employment program. You may be eligible if you: are an Employment & Income Assistance recipient; are an unemployed/underemployed individual; had an employment insurance (EI) claim within the past three years; had an EI maternity/paternity claim within the past five years; are an immigrant or federally sponsored refugee. Call 204-254-1618 for more details.


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Design a Website Mockup for existing layout
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The job is very simple so we need good timings
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Kevin Fox muses that Microsoft, Apple and Google may be "quietly preparing for war with mobile carriers". He cites the ten-year innovation desert in voice, coupled with the explosion of data on the handset, weaves in Microsoft's acquisition of Skype, and spins a tale of how the data companies take over the telecom industry.
Implausible? No. In fact, the innovation piece of the story has been being told for years now. A band of rebels in the communications industry, myself included, have been speaking at industry events like eComm, authoring documents like the Voice 2.0 Manifesto, and building business plans to pitch to investors for a very long time. Nobody in mobile, however, has been that interested in listening.
Today's mobile industry is a bit like the music industry. Just as the music industry has been built around physical distribution of goods, and was slow to react to the digitization of music, the mobile industry has been built around a steady predictable minutes model, with share driven by the carrier with the current handset-de-jour. It has made them complacent, and ripe for disruption.
The App Store model was the first real disruption, as it capped new margin growth from software. Will Microsoft's acquisition of Skype – the world's largest carrier of international long distance minutes – be the next disruption? It's hard to know, but one thing is certain – the invaders are at the gates and change is coming.
Change is coming.


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Monday, March 30, 2009
This Will Shock You
I hope you're sitting down, because this information might floor you -- that Arnold Palmer tournament yesterday, where Tiger Woods made a pretty decent putt to win the thing for his first post-knee surgery win? Yeah, it was the highest rated golf tournament since the last time Tiger teed it up, at the U.S. Open in '08.
NBC Sports says the final round drew a 4.9 overnight rating with a 10 share. According to Nielsen Media Research, that's the highest rating of any golf tournament since the U.S. Open in June. Woods won that tournament in a playoff.
The Bay Hill rating was up 23% from last year and attracted more viewers than the British Open and PGA Championship last year when Woods did not play because of knee surgery.
I mean, it isn't even a joke anymore that people don't care about golf unless Woods is present. I was watching golf yesterday instead of the NCAA Tournament, and I'm sure I wasn't alone.
I really wish Tiger would learn how to do a proper celebration. The knee kick thing looked like he just learned his iPhone could receive MMS messages or something.
Chris Condon, PGA Tour/Getty Images
6 comments:
- Marc said...
I wish he and Stevie could figure out a high five
- March 30, 2009 at 12:28 PM
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It's almost like having another baby, making that decision to bring a dog into the family. But if you have a kid, it's almost inevitable that they'll ask for one. Then you'll see that saying no is not an option. Everyone's parents gets them a dog. Thus if you want to maintain custody of your child, you also have to get a dog.
I heard someone tell a guy this weekend that having a child is the best and the worst thing that will ever happen to you. Your child will bring you your highest highs, and quite possibly your lowest lows. A dog can also have this effect, especially one that poops on the floor.
But is there any other single decision (and sacrifice) you can make that will change your kid's life more?
Previous generations of families had more stay-at-home moms and more kids, so adding a dog or two was less of an ordeal, I think. Now, it's seen as a burden. If you work, you not only have to find a doggie daycare, you have to find one with a good curriculum.
My son begged for a dog for years. We told him he couldn't have a dog until he was 10. Then when he turned 10, we said, "No, not when you turn 10. You're really still just 9 plus 365 days. You have to wait until you've actually been 10 awhile!'' He cried. That probably wasn't a very happy birthday, come to think of it.
Anyway, that fall we finally brought home Allie from the Humane Society. She had some kind of hurricane refugee mystery surrounding her, as they claimed she was sent here from Alabama after Hurricane Katrina. But they also told us her name was Mary, and that's obviously a made-up name that no one would give a dog, so I'm not sure we can trust the hurricane story, either.
Creed wouldn't be the same kid without Allie. He just wouldn't. Allie is always by his side, and if he's not home, she drags a pair of his stinky shorts by her side. She doesn't even want me approaching him when he's sleeping, in case this might be the time I come in to his bedroom to kill him in his sleep.
He's not an unpopular or emotionally stunted kid. He's pretty normal. But Allie's brought so much to his life, it's hard to imagine the alternate reality where we said no.
For parents of troubled kids, a dog can work miracles. Sometimes it's that furry mutt that draws the kid out and helps them be who they're meant to be.
Read this story by Ginny Blansford in Newsweek for a great example. This little girl who was adopted after her first adoptive mom died finally wailed about her life circumstances when her beloved dog went missing. If you don't tear up reading this, then you are emotionally stunted and need a pet.
Here's an excerpt:
Liana came back into the house, sat on her new dog's bed and cried. In her four years with us, she had hardly ever cried. And she had hardly ever mentioned her adoptive mother, my best friend. I almost resented that she seemed to have moved past grief without a second thought. But now she sobbed. She howled. Her thick black hair stuck to her cheeks, wet with tears. She wrapped her arms around herself, then around me, squeezing hard. She cried for three hours—until well after John returned. "She's gone," Liana moaned. "My dog is gone. My mother is dead. I loved my dog. Why did my mother die?"


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A person died in a flaming vehicle Sunday morning on a North Long Beach Freeway, the California Highway Patrol said.
Officer responded to the scene about 4:40 a.m. on the westbound Artesia (91) Freeway west of Paramount Boulevard, where they discovered a fully-engulfed SUV down the right shoulder embankment, said CHP officer Tony Polizzi.
The solo occupant, initially believed to be a boy or man, was trapped in the flaming vehicle before dying on the scene, Polizzi said. It has not been confirmed, however, whether the victim was male or female.
The CHP issued a SigAlert at about 5:15 a.m. that lasted until about 8 a.m., Polizzi said, adding that just one lane was closed.
Officers are investigating to determine the cause of the incident, Polizzi said.
Contact the writer: email@example.com or 562-277-8343


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Out of Stock
FootJoy Women's SuperLites Spikeless Golf Shoes - (Closeout)
Product Information:
Take the course with confidence this season with the FootJoy® SuperLites™ Spikeless golf shoe. Full grain leather uppers create a stylish, waterproof design for when the weather takes a turn for the worse. Super-soft PU linings and EVA Fit-Beds® provide dynamic, customizable comfort based on the contours and needs of your foot. DuraMax™ rubber outsoles produce turf gripping, performance and durability for the serious golfer.
- Full Grain Leather uppers offer outstanding comfort, breathability and durability
- 1-Year Waterproof Warranty: FootJoy® warrants that this golf shoe will be waterproof in normal use for one year (U.S. Warranty)
- Super-soft PU (polyurethane) linings look and feel like leather and provide excellent fit and comfort
- EVA Fit-Bed™ provide lightweight cushioning underfoot. EVA does not take a set, so the cushioning will remain the same for the life of the shoe
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For additional information relating to the Manufacturer's Warranty, please contact 1-800-224-8501.
- Brand: FootJoy
- Country of Origin: Imported
Web ID: 14FJYWWMSPRLTSGSH


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Oh my never again!!: Carnival Fascination Cruise Review by cdgdoublelove
Overall Member Rating
Oh my never again!!
Destination: Bahamas
Embarkation: Jacksonville
I will start with the good. Since we made the reservations just 48 hrs. before cruising, we didn't have any info. nor a boarding pass. When we got to the dock a very nice man took us under his wing and escorted us to the front of the boarding LONG line, since the check in papers didn't have our names. He was most helpful as well as the lady behind the desk, setting up our needed paper work and cabin keys. We then walked right on board.
Then there was more good, the weather was fantastic! The ship sailed well, not too much "rocking and rolling". A very small, too small area for "over 21" quiet time, if you don't mind the loud humming of the ships engines.
Lots of food, most not very good.
Now then since we were not aware it was Spring Break when we booked the cruise (we come from a different part of the US, breaks are later in March) we were amazed at the More vast number of young Spring Breakers. Here comes the bad, you could not get near the pool, they pretty much took up the whole pool, and ALL the deck chairs around it. The music and I use the term loosely was constant, LOUD, and so repetitious, never ending, all day long!! You could hardly find a quiet spot aboard. I love all kinds of music, but I've had enough "bass" beat for the rest of my life! How about a little jazz, country and Western, swing? Just vary it a little please!!
Then there was the constant drinking, very sad that kids can't have fun and enjoying themselves and remember what they should be enjoying, pretty much tipsy or drunk 24/7. Libations start with breakfast and go to well past midnight. I'm talking bottles of hard liqueur and wine in hand while dancing around the pool, chugging!!
However, if you happen to buy a bottle of wine off the ship to bring back for dinner, the crew will confiscate it and only return it AFTER the cruise is over!! Of course, how stupid of us, they want you to purchase their overly prices wine with dinner on board!
The food....really? Never could bring ourselves to eat off the buffet, unappetizing and greasy looking unidentifiable food, so much so they feel the need to label it. The deli just ok, but you get tired of the same old sandwiches every day! The pizza, ugh, soggy crust, not great. Desserts were good, and apples, oranges and bananas available all the time, also, soft serve ice cream always available.
Dinner, can I say repeat, repeat, and move the same meal in different places on the menu. I have to say the salmon and mahi mahi was tasty and they couldn't rune the baked potatoes.
Ok, entertainment, they did try hard, but just didn't quite live up to the many lovely shows we've had on board many other cruises we have taken. This was our 10..... NOT with Carnival!
Drinks expensive! Photos on board, expensive! Tours off ship, expensive! Gifts shops and jewelry expensive! Internet use expensive!
And no where could you find a little peace and QUIET! Ok, edit that, the library, can I say boring? The games you can check out in the library were a joke.
I have to say, our room was kept clean by a wonderful young lady names Estera from Serbia. Always cleaned quickly, and always clean towels. OH! BRING YOUR OWN HAIRDRYER! She was always pleasant and friendly. Our waiter at dinner was very nice too.
All in all save your money and if you still want to take a cruise don't do it on a Carnival ship!! Less
Published 03/25/14
Cabin review: 1A Interior Upper/Lower
Cabin ok, usual size for outside with view. Dirty windows!Read All Interior Upper/Lower (1A) Reviews >>
Port and Shore Excursions
Oh, just don't bother! Soooo many people, 5 ships in port a one time, really! Hard to get to the beaches unless you take a tour, hawkers all over, cheap market souvenirs. Dirty. Lots of traffic downtown. Atlantis high priced hotel, and pay to go to their beach!
Very sad poor neighborhoods. We were there 30 yrs ago, what a change! Wow. Would never go back.
Read Cruise Critic's Carnival Fascination Review >>
Anniversary on the Booze Cruis...
Better then expected
Don't let the rust on the outs...
A disappointing experience
Skip this dirty, smelly, rusti...
customer service, food, clean...
Annual family vacation
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Medical Definition of Fibroma, nonossifying
Fibroma, nonossifying: Fibromas (or fibroid tumors or fibroids) are benign tumors that are composed of fibrous or connective tissue. They can grow in all organ. A growing lesion with a fibroma structure. Treatment is by surgery.
Last Editorial Review: 7/1/2016
Back to MedTerms online medical dictionary A-Z List
Need help identifying pills and medications?


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Give us a call to get our secret deals 1-800-468-3578
Property Location
With a stay at Manita Resort in Koh Samui (Maret), you'll be minutes from Escape Break and close to Hin Ta and Hin Yai. This beach resort is within close proximity of Silver Beach and Coco Splash Waterpark.
Make yourself at home in one of the 11 air-conditioned rooms featuring refrigerators. Rooms have private balconies. Complimentary wireless Internet access keeps you connected, and cable programming is available for your entertainment. Private bathrooms with showers feature complimentary toiletries and hair dryers.
Take in the views from a terrace and a garden and make use of amenities such as complimentary wireless Internet access.
Enjoy a meal at a restaurant, or stay in and take advantage of the resort's room service (during limited hours).
Business, Other Amenities
Featured amenities include a business center, dry cleaning/laundry services, and luggage storage. A roundtrip airport shuttle is provided for a surcharge (available on request).


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TPA6120 Power Requirements
I am CERTAIN this has been covered before, but I cannot for the life of me find the info I am looking for! I am putting together a TPA6120 based headphone amp for a set of Audio-Technica ATH-A900 Art headphones I just picked up. Yes, I know they work fine without amplification, but I wanted something a little beefier in line to drive them.
Anyway, I have a couple of really nice +/-15V 100mA PSU's laying around that I was planning on using with the chips, but the data sheet indicated that at full load they put out 700 mA. Of course this will be heavily dependent on music and won't come anywhere near 700 mA continuous, AND caps will easily handle quick transients, but despite this it got me wondering if 100mA would be enough juice to power the chips.
Is there a concensus on how large a PSU you need to get these chips to behave? Should I double up and give 100mA per channel? (I do have 2 of these PSU's, and I would be more than happy to throw both into this project) Or should I throw in the towel and build a 2A +/- 12V PSU just to be on the safe side? (I know Bob Ellis's PSU from the group buy would be perfect for this)
Thanks for the input!
2 Attachment(s)
worst case, if your headphones are 32 Ohm
you will do well with 100mA
for higher impedance phones
you can do with less currents ( 300 Ohm ~ 30-50 mA MAX )
Recommended supply is +-12 volt, but using +-15 volt DC is not bad, more like better!
see a little info in my own class A discrete Headphone amplifier
this post:
regards to any heradphone listener
from lineup
I attach the basic electrical data for TPA6120A2, from the datasheet:
you should learn how to do the math
amps require some quiescent current even when not hooked up to a load
beyond that they draw only as much additional current as need to drive the load impedance to the output V determined by their gain times the input signal V
headphones have impedances all over the map as well as hugely differing sensitivity
for the ATH-900 google gives 40 Ohms and 101 dB/mW - the last # could be suspect: sometimes headphone sensitivity is dB/V but mistyped in ads - the 2000 mW power rating makes this error more likely
120 dB is a nice target - for peak dynamic headroom - a average loudness of even 100 dB would lead to hearing loss
100 mWrms power (+20 dBre 1mW) into 40 Ohms is ~70mA, 2.8V peak
on average only 1/2 the current comes from each supply polarity so 100 mA average rating is OK if you have enough C to hold up for the 140mA from both channels peaking in phase at low frequencies - and you have to allow for the TPA quiescent current
with +/-15 V you have quite a bit of supply headroom, so as long as the supply doesn't hard current limit @100mA you could tolerate quite a bit of V droop
on the upside however you don't have much margin with +/-16 max supply V allowed for the TPA6120 - you need to be sure you're not using a unreg supply that could easily be 10-20% high at light loads
regulated supplies can't be just wired together you'd need some current sharing resistors -or you go dual mono which would require 2 separate TPAs
if, as seems possible, the sensitivity is really dB/V then you need lots more current - 350mA peak per channel
Re: TPA6120A2
I'll be sure to let everyone know how it turns out.
Thanks for the feedback!
TPA supply pins are not exactly "independent"
V- are shorted internally and "A" V+ must always be on, with power to the "B " side V+ being optional
combining these constraints with ps gnds connected together and with 2 ps you still want current sharing resistors on V-, probably anti-parallel diodes across the 2 ps V+
you might want to ask on http://www.head-fi.org/ or http://www.headwize.com/ about the sensitivity # for the ATH-A900, the 2000mW max power rating only makes sense if sensitivity is really in dB/V - and then you should want more current and need to set your amp up for higher V gain
BTW, these headphones are rather efficient, so I am going out on a limb and saying that the power requirements will be lower rather than higher. I still haven't looked at the box or manual, but I think I have the info I need to get the power requirements squared away.
Thanks again to all who commented!
So, for the time being I am going to run with a single 100mA PSU and see how well that works.
As for power supply, my 2 x 2.3 VA is very well working - for headphones that is. You can find more inspiration here. The power to the headphones is more than enough.
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Billie has broken her arm! It's going to be the best story ever for Show and Tell. Especially if she adds in a crocodile...
About the Author
Sally Rippin was born in Darwin and grew up in South-East Asia. As an adolescent she studied traditional Chinese painting for three years in Shanghai and Hangzhou. Returning to Australia, her time overseas inspired her first novel Chenxi and the Foreigner. Sally has also written and illustrated many books for children, including titles from the Go Girl and Aussie Bites series and the popular Fang Fang stories. She is also the illustrator for many others, including the recent Me, Oliver Bright (2009) by Megan de Kantzow and Mannie and the Long Brave Day (2009) by Martine Murray. Sally lives in Melbourne and writes and illustrates full time.
Series: Billie B Brown
Audience: Children
For Ages: 5+ years old
For Grades: K - 2
Format: Paperback
Language: English
Number Of Pages: 47
Published: 1st June 2011
Publisher: Hardie Grant Egmont
Country of Publication: AU
Dimensions (cm): 19.7 x 13.0 x 0.5
Weight (kg): 0.06
Edition Number: 1


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Dirty Minds
What a fun garme!! We always have at least one adult game party over the winter. Such fun to get everyone together for a night of laughing....
Great fun for New Year's Party while waiting for the ball to drop...Tags: beer, bars, party games, Cool HuntingAdded 8 Years Ago from Theafternoon


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On Friday's Live with Regis and Kelly, Kate Gosselin performed her final dance -- the tango -- with DWTS partner Tony Dovolani.
The 35-year-old reality mom -- who was eliminated Tuesday after five weeks on the hit ABC show -- said that while she is "relieved" her dancing days are over, "I feel like they kicked me off of summer camp too soon."
In the end, she said "the other dancers are so much better than me, and I love them all."
Looking back, she said she performed poorly on the show because "I was kind of distracted by everything in my life." (During her time on the show, she was famously embroiled in a bitter custody battle with ex Jon.)
Gosselin said she even "tried to warn" her partner Dovolani, 36, about her drama-filled life. Dovolani was stunned. At one point, she said he called her and asked, "'Seriously? Is this what your life is like?'"
Nevertheless, she said she enjoyed her DWTS stint.
Said Gosselin, "We had a blast!"


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MODERN cells have opened at Chelmsford police station's custody suite after a £3million refurbishment.
An 18 month project has finished with the opening of the new suite on Monday at the building in New Street which has increased the number of cells from 11 to 15.
It has also introduced a computer system called Genesys [COR] which will allow custody sargeants to control activity inside the cells from one screen.
The system will allow officers to control entry and exiting of cells while also alerting them to panic alarms.
Chief Insp Joe Wrigley, custody commander at the station, said he was pleased with the new suite.
He said: "Chelmsford is a city with one of the busiest night time economies across the county.
"Its custody suite is one of the most central and accessible in Essex so we needed to increase provision to meet demand.
"The opening of the new suite means police officers can patrol the town in a more efficient way, returning to the streets more quickly after taking a detainee to a local suite rather than having to travel to another."
The suite was designed to meet duty of care codes of practice to prevent detainees from self harming or trying dispose evidence.
Chief Insp Wrigley explained: "We have a duty of care towards those who come into our custody and are governed by legislation and codes of practice around this issue.
"Many of those who come into custody do so as a result of some kind of crisis and we need to make sure we are equipped to look after them while making sure they are answerable to the criminal justice process.
"We also have a duty of care to our staff and have made every effort to create a safe and appropriate environment for them to work in."
Other facilities include in the refurbishment include increased CCTV coverage, an observation cell, exercise yard, meal preparation room and a disabled toilet and shower area.
The work was done as part of a long term programme to redevelop suites across the county.


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Mario finally returned this year with the new single "Somebody Else" featuring Nicki Minaj, which proved to be a strong comeback and success on the Billboard charts. As the R&B vocalist preps for the release of Evolve, his first album in 4 years, he recently performed an acoustic set for Rap-Up Sessions, live in L.A.
Accompanied by Trevor Wesley on keyboard, he started out with his biggest hit "Let Me Love You," which topped the charts for nine consecutive weeks in 2005. With the Sunset Strip in the background, Mario thrilled with a stripped down version of the Polow Da Don-produced single "Somebody Else," and then capped it off with his new ballad "Fatal Distraction."
Evolve has been pushed back again, now till early 2014. Check out Mario's smooth set below!
Tags: Mario


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Sephora Blush Me! Mono
Sephora Blush Me! Mono Reviews
Great dealYou get a lot of blush for a little price. I love the colors that the Sephora house brand offers. Staying power is about average compared to other blushes I've tried (3-5 hours). I love the Framboise. — 6 years, 5 months agovolta | 566 reviews
This review is: Helpful | Not helpful | Inappropriate | 0 of 0 people said helpful
Wow - wish I had found soonerI purchased a blush from Sephora on my last trip there because it was on clearance. For the two bucks I paid, I figured that if it didn't work it would be no big deal. I am so glad I made this impulse purchase! This has become my favorite blush. It goes on very light and natural looking. It's not shimmery, which is great, but very soft. Just a bit does the trick as it's quite pigmented, but ...read moreI love how natural it makes my face look! My compact came as part of a blush/bronzer duo, and I love the bronzer as well. Again no shimmer and it makes a great compliment to the blush. I could kick myself for not trying this sooner. — 7 years, 10 months agoradar626 | 326 reviews
This review is: Helpful | Not helpful | Inappropriate | 2 of 2 people said helpful
Sheer and NaturalThe finish of these blushes are very sheer which for me, personally, is a benefit because I like blush that looks natural. I use a medium powder brush and buff this onto the outter edges of the apples of my cheek bones and found that they flatter my facial shape. I also like that you can use this as an eyeshadow, wet or dry. The glitter is milled enough to deflect light, instead of just sit ato...read morep of the skin and I haven't had any skin irritation with this one yet. I just wished they had far more many colors to do different looks. The apricot and coral one look very similar. — 9 years, 5 months agoVLA | 336 reviews
This review is: Helpful | Not helpful | Inappropriate | 3 of 3 people said helpful
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Pennsylvania's Groundhog Phil Predicts 6 More Weeks Of WinterThe handlers of Pennsylvania's most famous groundhog, Punxsutawney Phil, said the furry rodent has "predicted" six more weeks of winter after seeing his shadow at dawn Thursday.
Winter Misery Index: Illinois Ranks No. 13Just how bad is winter in Illinois?
Some Beasts Are Fit For This WeatherMost of those walking through Lake Shore East park Wednesday afternoon were canines and their humans.
Tips On Keeping Your House Warm This WinterAs bitter cold temperatures approach, it's time to think about ways to keep the house warm.
The Chicago Area Prepares For First Big Winter StormThe entire Chicago area is bracing for what is expected to be our first big winter storm, which could create treacherous conditions.
Metra Gearing Up For Winter StormsWith winter storms in Chicago's weekend forecast, Metra said it was mobilizing its crews to get ahead of problems.
Late Snow Doesn't Mean Mild Winter Ahead For ChicagoIt's November 29th and the Chicago area has still not yet received any measurable snowfall.
Farmers' Almanac, Old Farmer's Almanac Forecast Contradicting Winters – Who's Right?The only thing they can both predict with certainty: winter is coming.
5 Non-Traditional Holiday Vacation IdeasFive recommendations for getting away on a nontraditional holiday vacation
5 US Destinations For A Winter HoneymoonFive recommendations in the U.S. for an unforgettable winter honeymoon
Residents, City Crews Say They're Ready For First Big Snowfall
OMG Snow? Already? Eh, Not ReallyFolks up north of Chicago got their first glimpse of wintry weather on Thursday morning.


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Thousands of teachers rally against budget cuts
ORLANDO – Three days before the start of the most cash-strapped legislative session in decades, thousands of teachers and other school employees rallied this morning to send a message to lawmakers: Find the money.
"What I need someone to explain to me is why budget cuts for education are so high on the list," said Don Manly, 66, a special education teacher in Pinellas who got up at 5:30 a.m. to board a rally-bound bus at St. Petersburg High. "We can't sacrifice education for the next generation."
"We don't bring in money right now, but we're creating people that are going to make up these careers and create revenue for the economy," said Glennda McCallister, a Pasco teacher who caravaned to the rally with family and fellow teachers. "Everybody looks at (education) as a cost. It's not. It's an investment."
Organized by the Florida Education Association, the 140,000-member state teachers union, the rally at the University of Central Florida Arena was expected to draw at least 5,000 people from around the state, including hundreds from the Tampa Bay area. By 11 a.m., masses were still streaming into the arena while those in the stands waved pom-poms, smacked at beach balls and broke into spontaneous chants of "fund education now."
Behind the festive atmosphere, frustration has been building for months. The Legislature has cut core K-12 education spending by $1.4 billion since October 2007, and may have to cut another $2 billion when they craft next year's budget. Districts that have already cut spending and frozen pay are now talking layoffs. Pinellas is discussing the possibility of 10 percent pay cuts. Volusia ordered teachers to unplug coffee pots.
"Time and again, voters have gone to the polls to say they want education to be a priority. And (lawmakers) continue to ignore the will of the people," FEA President Andy Ford told The Gradebook before taking the stage, citing the constitutional amendments mandating smaller class sizes and voluntary pre-kindergarten. "It's time to tell them, 'No more delays. Just do it.' "
The union's proposed solution is a 3-year, 1-cent increase in the sales tax, which it says would generate $3.5 billion each year. Key members of the Republican-led Legislature say they're willing to at least consider some tax increases. But to date, they haven't tagged any of them as likely. And they appear especially cold to the pitch for a higher sales tax.
"We know that Floridians are hurting. Is this the time to go in and ask them to pay more?" said Anitere Flores, R-Miami, who chairs the K-12 appropriations committee in the House. "When I go around and talk to people, they say there's still money there, we need to be better about how we spend it."
The Legislature also appears resistant to using the federal stimulus money to offset further cuts to schools. Gov. Charlie Crist has proposed using nearly $900 million of that money to partially plug the anticipated hole in next year's K-12 budget. But with some forecasts suggesting Florida's economic funk could last several years, many Republican lawmakers say it would not be wise to use one-time money for recurring expenses such as teacher pay.
Cheryl Ann Tish, a science teacher at Meadowlawn Middle School, said she isn't sure what the answer is. But putting a bigger burden on teachers isn't it. "Why do I as a teacher always have to suck it up? The whole community needs to suck it up," she said before boarding the bus at St. Pete High. "I want everyone to do their part."


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How to Register to SUN FBforever10?
It seems that all networks in the Philippines is offering unlimited mobile Facebook surfing for as low as Php 10 a day. Both Smart/TNT and Globe/TM has come up with their FB10 promo and now SUN cellular brings FBforver10 for its valued subscribers who loves to be on Facebook 24/7.
To register to Sun FB10;
- Activate your Sun internet settings: text ACTIVATE to 2300
- Once activated, text FB10 to 247
- Only surf using m.facebook.com (mobile version of Facebook) FB surfing using other apps such opera mini or skyfire will charge you with the regular surfing rates.
I was just wondering, isn't it Sun Cellular the first one to offer free Facebook browsing even before these FB10 promos existed? Facebook 0 (Facebook Zero) from Sun is still the best freebie there was. I'll be updating my blog on how to access SUN FB Zero 0.facebook.com. Hopefully it is still working.
Incoming search terms:
- facebook 10 tnt
- sun cellular fb10


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This is the second course in the Sight Singing and Ear Training sequence. It will cover sight singing melodies, outlining intervals of all triads and dominant seventh chords. In addition, harmonic, melodic, rhythmic dictation, altered non-harmonic tones, secondary dominants, modulation to closely related keys and borrowed altered harmonies will be explored.
(A requirement that must be completed before taking this course.)
Upon successful completion of the course, the student should be able to:
Currently no sections of this class are being offered.


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2011 USILA Division I-II North/South Rosters (PDF)
PHILADELPHIA -The United States Intercollegiate Lacrosse Association (USILA) has named its senior rosters for the 2011 North/South All-Star Games, and Penn will have two representatives in the Division I-II game on Friday, May 27. Senior defenseman Brett Hughes and senior attackman Corey Winkoff will represent the Quakers, joining a long list of former Penn players who have participated in the all-star game that serves as the kickoff to college lacrosse's championship weekend.
This year's games will take place at Goucher College in Towson, Md. The Division III North/South Game will face off at 3 p.m., followed by the Division I-II North/South Game at 5:30 p.m.
Hughes, a four-year starter on defense, was always matched up with the opposing team's top offensive player this season, and he finished the 2011 campaign with 18 caused turnovers and 21 ground balls. He was part of a defense that constructed an 8.15 goals-against average, good for 14th in the country. At the end of the season, he was voted first-team All-Ivy by the coaches, Penn's first first-teamer since 2008.
Winkoff, meanwhile, finished the 2011 season among the national leaders in assists (27) and also led Penn with 35 points. The Quakers' leading playmaker each of his four years on campus, Winkoff finished his career with 95 assists, good for second all-time at Penn and fifth among all active Division I players nationally. Winkoff had the Red and Blue's only six-point game (at Villanova) and five-point game (Yale) in 2011, as well as four-point outings at Cornell and against Dartmouth. He was one of four Penn players to receive second-team All-Ivy recognition from the coaches.
Led by Hughes and Winkoff, among others, Penn finished the 2011 season with an 8-7 overall record, placed second in the Ivy League with a 4-2 mark -- its best finish in Ivy play since 1989 -- and made its first NCAA Championship appearance since 2006 before losing to Notre Dame 13-6 in the first round.
Download: USILA 2011 North-South DI-II teams.pdf


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