text:
Blog Race War
Posted by Edward J. Blum
20 comments
Edward J. Blum
If Sunday morning is the most segregated time in America, then evangelical studies may be the most segregated books by U.S. historians.
Over at patheos, John Turner revisited Time magazine's list of top 25 most influential evangelicals in America. I consider John a friend and a terrific scholar. His biography of Bill Bright is just terrific, and I've already read and reviewed his Brigham Young, which too is wonderful. But I'm ready to go to blog war over Time's list and his revisited one. There is 1, count 'em 1, African American named on the list: T. D. Jakes. The list had 25 in 2005; it had 1 African American then. Turner now revises it and calls for more names (in part to replace those who have died or fallen from grace), including Asian American and Latino American names.
My complaint is not with John, but with the entire field of "evangelical" studies. Until it can come up with a definition of itself that explains why books about it are almost uniformly about white people (because last I checked, lots and lots and lots of African Americans have fit Bebbington's definition), then it needs greater definitional precision. So many American historians bristle at "whiteness" studies, but this is a clear case, to me, where whiteness is hidden in plain site. This is the kind of assumption that leads books about religion and the founders to exclude Phillis Wheatley, to focus on Charles Finney but rarely William Apess, to pine for Lincoln to be evangelical but to ignore Frederick Douglass, and to lionize Dwight Moody and leave out Ida B. Wells.
I'm ready for "evangelical" scholars to go further ... to join Thomas Kidd by incorporating African Americans, Native Americans, and others deemed non-white in their studies of "evangelicals" to be far more robust in their reading and inclusion. If not, I'm prepared for a blog race war. (kidding about war ... blessed are the peace makers)
20 comments:
- Edward J. Blum at: June 21, 2012 at 4:56 PM said...
another book I like, but let's look closer: John Fea, _Was America Founded as a Christian Nation_
abolitionism, 14-15, 19-20
African Americans, battle against injustice, driven by Christian faith, 52
King, Martin Luther Jr, 43, 52-53
slavery, addressed from theological perspective; and the US Constitution; introduced to Jamestown; Jefferson's relationship with; Southerners' justiciation for
LaHaye, Tim, 29, 59, 61; on Calvinism underlying the US Constitution, on the founders' beliefs; on Franklin's beliefs; on removal from religious heritage from textbooks; on revisionism; on Washington's religion
And when discussing abolitionists: William Lloyd Garrison; Charles Finney; Henry Ward Beecher ... white men
We're better than this ... and Fea's not the problem; it's readers, reviewers, and publishers that allow for works to leave out these folks. All Fea had to do was read the Massachusetts petition from 1777 where they called the country a "free and Christian country" and sadly, they were living in its "bowels".
- Brian at: June 21, 2012 at 5:07 PM said...
I believe that blacks are making an exodus from the name more than the teaching or doctrine. The problem that comes into play is that much of the research compiled especially in this area is one-sided and only told from one perspective. I think Makr Noll and Soong-Chan Rah have done good jobs of addressing the hidden racism than befalls the evangelicals.
I think Molly Worthen's excellent piece in The New York Times is relevant here: http://campaignstops.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/06/18/southern-baptist-convergence/
- Maffly-Kipp at: June 21, 2012 at 5:39 PM said...
Let's make sure we keep gender in the mix here, too.
- Guy Emerson Mount at: June 21, 2012 at 5:45 PM said...
To war we go (peacefully)!
Another historical example that is often overlooked is Lemuel Haynes and his role in the development of anti-slavery theology. While often attributed to white abolitionists (amazingly), the origins of anti-slavery theology can be found not only with everyday African Americans on plantations but with formally trained black theologians like Haynes. I wrote on Haynes recently and after reading his work from the 18th century I found it to be as sophisticated and sound as anything one would read from white abolitionists in the 19th century, yet he often goes unmentioned.
I'd also add Mechal Sobel's early work to the collective bibliography showing that the line between black and white religious thought and practice in the South has been fleeting at best. Cathrine Brekus's work on female preachers is also indispensable.
To not recognize the diversity of the evangelical movement (or any other social movement) is an unforgivable sin in this day and age.
Good points, Ed. And Laurie Maffly-Kipp, Guy Emerson Mount, and Brian make excellent points as well.
I think the issue is beyond simply inclusion, inserting new folks here and there into existing narratives. Since as I understand it the writing of evangelical history, at least initially, was an offspring of "church history" which basically meant protestant history, then one place we have to look is the racialized core, the racialized beginnings of the evangelical movement ca. 1500 or so (Michael Emerson and Christian Smith helpfully conceptualize racialization sociologically in Divided by Faith).
So your post gets me thinking of African American scholars who have written about evangelicalism's black history. There's A.G. Miller's forthcoming work on the history of black evangelicalism, or even Ed Gilbreath's chapters on black evangelicalism in Reconciliation Blues. (And let's not forget Ed's 2008 article on this question in Fides et Historia.) But then there's the great recent work of historically minded theological thinkers such as Peter Heltzel (a white theologian), J. Kameron Carter and Willie James Jennings. Or even Vincent Wimbush's new offering, White Men's Magic: Scripturalization as Slavery. Jennings, for example, writes of evangelicalism's "diseased social imagination" and locates the genesis of racial divisions rife within evangelicalism to the early modern development (and application) of protestant theological thought, the result of the eventual collusion in the early modern period of capitalism, racialization, slavery, and evangelical Protestantism.
Thus part of the answer to your post is for white evangelicals who are writing evangelicalism's past to acknowledge this reality, seek to understand it, name the erasures that have plagued the writing of this kind of history, and thus reimagine how the writing (and teaching) of evangelicalism's history is to proceed. (I'm guessing here since I don't know the field, but perhaps the same is the case for those who are teaching and writing about the history of evangelical doctrine in evangelical seminaries and colleges. Is it the history of the great white doctrinal theologians?)
But given how evangelicalism is still in many ways divided by faith (to use Emerson and Smith's phrase), I wonder how much hope there actually is. It was Dietrich Bonhoeffer who wrote incisively in his 1939 essay "Protestantism without Reformation" that "the solution to the negro problem is one of the decisive future tasks of the white churches." And it was Marx who wrote that "Capital is therefore not only personal; it is a social power." With Bonhoeffer's and Marx's quotes in mind I wonder if white evangelicals will ever divest themselves of the social capital/social power that is resident within the spiritualized and scripturalized whiteness that remains bedeviling.
Phil Sinitiere
- Kelly Baker at: June 21, 2012 at 7:04 PM said...
I heartily second Laurie's suggestion that gender not be neglected in this discussion. Whiteness and maleness become very significant.
- Arlene Sanchez Walsh at: June 21, 2012 at 7:23 PM said...
I normally don't engage this topic, mostly because there seems to be no end to American evangelical studies being viewed as a study of middle-class men. The utter lack of self-reflexivity is astounding as is the historical myopia. Perhaps it is enough to say that evangelical studies that focus solely on white men are historically inaccurate and in desperate need of more than one more book on what appears to be a very old reading list. So can we start there? Lists are fun, but they aren't evocative of anything other than the personal ruminations of the author. I'd hope for more depth and awareness-but in nearly 20 years in this business-have never found it.
- Edward J. Blum at: June 21, 2012 at 7:32 PM said...
yep Laurie ... that's one of the reasons I chose that image of Jakes ... race can't be understood outside of conceptions of gender. The list is heavily weighted toward white men as if they are the ones who "influence" everything. Mary Ryan, Sylvia Frey, Pauli Murray - we need you today!
- Paul at: June 21, 2012 at 8:34 PM said...
I would be curious to hear specific suggestions of women or African Americans who should be added to the 2012 list (or even the 2005 list).
Perhaps the blame should lie more within American evangelicalism itself (rather than the journalists and academics who observe and study modern evangelicalism and come up with the lists) for the blatant white male bias.
- Michael J. Altman at: June 21, 2012 at 8:36 PM said...
So I started a comment on this and it go really long. So, now it's a blog post in the hopper to show up soon.
Short version: Why do we assume that "evangelical" is some essential characteristic that if we just get our definitions or lists right we will have better histories? It's an invented category and we have to trace the politics of its invention and deployment across history and historiography.
- Caleb Maskell at: June 21, 2012 at 9:42 PM said...
Happily, I only have a few minutes. But Blum's peaceable war-cry causes a few loosely related thoughts to spring to mind.
First of all, why are people making lists of evangelicals? What a strange pursuit. It strikes me that lists are the enemy of history, dated before the ink dries. Historians should avoid them, except when writing ABOUT them. Like games of family Monopoly, they never end well, and more often than not end with a board-clearing fight. (Maybe that's just my family…)
Secondly, the evangelical establishment question is huge here, right? How does one make the list? What kind of influence are we talking about? The power to move people? The power to convene? The power get something printed in Time magazine? The politics must be grappled with -- both as a power game that one might want in on, and as something far more sinister, that one might want to avoid. I reckon that the African-American lacuna in the evangelical story is more than just a question of white blindspots and latently white-male-normative historiography, though it is that. It is also, I suggest, about the fact that being "evangelical" has not, historically, been attractive to lots of black folk. I suspect that many black Christians who could fit some sort of Bebbingtonian theological definition of evangelicalism might eschew the name, perhaps recalling James Baldwin's important question in The Fire Next Time: "Do I really want to be integrated into a burning house?"
Thirdly, and not exclusively related to the issue of white-male-normative accounts of evangelicalism, Ed brought up Thomas Kidd's The Great Awakening as a book that does a better job than most of dealing with such things. I think that is true, and that the main reason for that is that he insists on the primacy of a particular class of spiritual experiences for a broad definition of who was "in" vs. who was "out." In short, experience trumps theology in his story, most of the time. His book is laden with countless examples of an emphasis on the perceived activity of God trumping suitable socially-conditioned theological formulations. Kidd convincingly reveals the way that characteristic emphasis on the primacy of divine regeneration led in those days to a flowering of apocalypticism, mysticism, miracle-working, and sacred historical metanarratives which do not belong to the typical portrait of Edwardsean New Light religion. This is IN NO WAY to say that theology is unimportant to developing a robust account of evangelicalism, but rather that is it as second-order discourse, built on top of a particular set of experiences. The bottom line here is that Kidd's account doesn't lead to the tidy, "respectable" kind of evangelicalism that would make a Time magazine list. It is way more unruly, way more truthful, way more interesting.
- John G. Turner at: June 21, 2012 at 9:50 PM said...
I couldn't agree more with your critique, Ed, especially since as I noted in my post, one of the problems with the TIME list was that it included only one Latino, no Asian Americans, and four women (two of which were listed as halves of couples).
But I'm glad you've decided to use the occasion (well, I guess I'm somewhat chagrined to have a blog post of mine be the occasion for it..., but oh well) to engaging themes of much greater significance than journalists top-twenty-five lists.
White evangelicals have had, still have, an unusual amount of blindness about both the history of race in America and the history of evangelicalism.
It makes me think of an episode in Campus Crusade's history when Bill Bright showed a film at Crusade staff conference. The film narrated America's declension from a Christian golden age. The organization's small number of black members wondered -- was slavery part of the country's golden age of Christianity? Bright, to his credit, stopped using the film, but I don't think he changed his conception of the American past. It was also interesting to me that Bright had a great deal of trouble getting along with black evangelicals such as Tom Skinner. They sometimes expressed great anger at "white evangelicals" for their failure to recognize fundamental realities about race in America.
Sorry for the long response. Partly because of the issues you raise, I now begin my American religious history survey with Jon Sensbach's Rebecca's Revival, which is helpful both for understanding evangelicalism's diversity and white evangelicals' capitulation to the racism they initially transcended (at least partly).
- John G. Turner at: June 21, 2012 at 9:53 PM said...
- This comment has been removed by the author.
- John G. Turner at: June 21, 2012 at 10:12 PM said...
No more comments on any other old magazines I find as I clean out my office.
Thank goodness the University of South Alabama just started a decent recycling program.
More seriously, again, I really should have drawn attention to Jakes's presence as the sole African American on the list. Two white male Catholics; one (male) African American. A strange list indeed.
- Edward J. Blum at: June 21, 2012 at 11:45 PM said...
John, I think that example from Bright is a perfect illustration of the problems. Bright was "bright" enough to pull the plug, but not to then reckon with the problems of history. To see his faith as still wedded to a history of white supremacist power was too much. You know I admire your work so much; thanks for being a good sport about me using it as the jumping off piece.
- John G. Turner at: June 22, 2012 at 5:08 AM said...
No problem. If you ever write a fluffy, unpenetrating blog post, I'll return the favor.
- Edward J. Blum at: June 22, 2012 at 7:51 AM said...
even Library of Congress book lists are far more integrated than evangelical scholarship: http://www.loc.gov/today/pr/2012/12-123.html
- John G. Turner at: June 22, 2012 at 8:58 AM said...
How can the LOC leave out the Book of Mormon? But include Riders of the Purple Sage without mentioning that the setting is Mormon Utah?
- Edward J. Blum at: June 22, 2012 at 9:39 AM said...
going to post this here and on all other blog posts: want to apologize to John Turner for failing to point out that a HUGE part of his patheos post was an invitation to think of new people to put on the list. He was NOT endorsing the Time list, nor did he create a fixed new one. To be fair to John, who is an extremely thoughtful scholar, the neglect of African Americans from the list (which is only a fruit of an evil tree, to me) was from Time ... and not from Turner.


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Decision makers
- 6abc WPVI-TV/DT
- Philly.com
Philadelphia News Agencies: Change Terminology and Bring Awareness to Lack of Human Trafficking Laws.
Underage victims of human trafficking are being arrested and stigmatized because Pennsylvania still has no law that makes child sex slavery a crime, or that prohibits the sale or promotion of travel for the purpose of purchasing sex with a child, otherwise known as child sex tourism. We ask responsible news agencies to change their terminology from "prostitute", to "human trafficking victim" and to bring attention to the fact that Pennsylvania needs to amend the prostitution law so minors can not be charged with the crime of prostitution, which stigmatizes them and directs them in a path of criminal justice instead of victim services.
- 6abc WPVI-TV/DT
- Philly.com
Thank you for covering the story and bringing light to a situation many are concerned about. You recently wrote about a Hotel Bust in Philadelphia in which a 15 year old girl (among other over-18-year-old women) were arrested and charged for the crime of prostitution. Although you did not mention human trafficking, also commonly referred to as modern-day slavery, this particular situation is definitely human trafficking. Under the federal Trafficking Victims Protection Act (2000), human trafficking is the use of force, fraud, or coercion to induce/compel/subject an individual to provide labor, services, or commercial sex against their will. Any minor under the age of 18 involved in commercial sex acts is automatically deemed a victim of human trafficking.
While most would agree that slavery itself is a terrible crime to have to endure, it's even more terrible to imagine being arrested and treated like a criminal for acts you were forced to commit through one of the above forms of torture and manipulation. Because of this, I ask you to change your terminology from "prostitute", to "human trafficking victim" and to use your powers of public media to question and bring awareness to the fact that, although Federal law clearly defines human trafficking in the Trafficking Victims Protection Act, the state of Pennsylvania still:
1. has no laws that make child sex slavery a crime,
2. has no laws that prohibit the sale or promotion of travel for the purpose of purchasing sex with a child, otherwise known as child sex tourism,
3. should amend the prostitution law so minors can not be charged with the crime of prostitution, which stigmatizes them and directs them in a path of criminal justice instead of victim services.
To learn more about trafficking you can always get more information about the issue at www.PolarisProject.org or www.TraffickingResourceCenter.org. You will also easily find a link to Pennsylvania's issues directly at www.raiseyourgrade.org, where you can also send or promote the sending of letters to the Governor.
Thank you for caring about the reputation of Pennsylvania and for the well-being of the children who are being secretly exploited in our own backyard. Media is powerful and I strongly encourage you to use it for the benefit of all of the above.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Tabloid Cheat Sheet: Jen And Brad Getting It On? Robert Issues An Ultimatum To Kristen?
It's Wednesday, which means the week is half over and you've made it through hump day. But even more importantly, new 'bloids just hit newsstands. Lest you have to actually buy them, here's the juiciest and, uh, most ultra true stories from each.
- Star Magazine has proof that Brad Pitt and Jennifer Aniston are having a secret love affair. As in, Jen's driver has blown their cover. Supposedly, the ex-couple spent two hours at the Gramercy Park Hotel in New York City, trying their hardest not to get caught. Rumors are swirling that the two have been texting (perhaps, sexting?). Oh, and the driver took them for a spin around Manhattan in late April while they sipped Starbucks and chatted. Wait…this happened over a month ago and we're just finding out? If you're gonna spill the beans, do it quickly, dude. [StarMagazine]
- Us Weekly just won't get over Jon and Kate. Their cover story — the sixth in an effing row — is about how Jon ditched wifey on her 34th birthday to party with his mistress in Park City, Utah. Kate celebrated with the little ones with a trip to the "Ace of Cakes" kitchen, while Jon and Deanna Hummel got drunk and allegedly "reeked of pot." This is such a dead horse. (See: the sucky ratings from last night's "Jon and Kate Plus 8.") Quit beating it. [UsMagazine]
- According to OK! Magazine, Robert Pattinson has issued an ultimatum to Kristen Stewart to choose between him and her boyfriend. They say Rob is frustrated and has moved to New York to…fight for his leading lady? Yeah, like he won't get the girl in the end. [OK!Magazine]
- Looks like Hef's ex "Girl Next Door" Kendra Wilkinson is preggers with NFL star Hank Baskett's baby. They've been engaged since November and plan on getting married on the 27th of June at Hugh's mansion in Holmby Hills. Hollywood keeps messing up that "first comes love, then comes marriage, then comes a baby in a baby carriage" thing! And doesn't a wedding at the ex's mansion sound awkward to you? [People]


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By Roberta Holland
December 2006
The effort to modernize the Massachusetts court system is rolling along, with more pieces of the Web-based upgrade being added each month.
At the heart of the state's effort to upgrade is MassCourts, an electronic case management system that combines everything from docketing to criminal identity databases in one central location. Based on technology provided by contractor Maximus Inc. out of Reston, Va., MassCourts will replace several disjointed computer systems unable to talk to one another.
"It's an electronic docketing and financial information system that combines, for the first time, on a single platform, across all divisions of the Trial Court, the basic case management information necessary for the court to do its business," said Judge James F. McHugh, associate justice of the Appeals Court and special advisor on information technology to Chief Justice for Administration and Management Robert A. Mulligan.
"It has been difficult to find the different pieces," McHugh said of the previous system. Because all of the information now will be accessible from one Web-based system, "it allows people to take a look at a screen and with a click of a mouse, get all of the case information."
MassCourts is very intuitive in its design, using standard hyperlinks and search tools to take users to various pieces of the system. McHugh said the system marks the first time that financial information will be housed together with other case management information, which should make things easier both for court employees and consumers.
Previously, "there was no standardized way of accounting for the monies people take in," McHugh said. "This system opens the possibility of a single-payer system."
For example, someone owing a fine in Barnstable court and probation fees in Suffolk County could go to any court in the state and have those payments transmitted to the court that is owed.
MassCourts also consolidated two large databases containing information on criminal cases — the Warrant Management System operated by the clerk magistrate and the Criminal Arraignment Records Information system run by the probation department. Because they were maintained by two separate entities, WMS and CARI sometimes contained conflicting information. MassCourts will alleviate that and help solve identity problems of defendants, ultimately becoming a fingerprint-based system.
There is a huge nationwide problem with criminal identities, a problem the Justice Department and FBI began addressing in the 1990s, said Craig Burlingame, the Trial Court's chief information officer. Boston police have been electronically fingerprinting everyone since 2000. "With identity theft being what it is, (use of fingerprints) really is the gold standard," Burlingame said.
Full implementation on the way
Maximus has been working with the state for three years to get the MassCourts system up and running. The deployment began with a client-server version in Boston Municipal Court back in the fall of 2003. A "thin" Web-based version called MassCourts Lite was launched in Land Court in February 2005.
That was followed by document imaging and scanning software installed in Probate & Family Court this past January. So far, more than half a million documents have been scanned, Burlingame said. "Now those documents can be pulled up electronically in the courthouse environment," Burlingame said. Court employees can easily match the documents with docket entries rather than having to wait on a file.
The court's IT staff has been busy rolling out MassCourts Lite to other departments and divisions this year, and now they are ready to launch the full version. The full MassCourts will kick off in the Housing Court in the first quarter of 2007, followed by Probate & Family Court in the second quarter.
So far, acceptance of the new system has been high, officials said.
"There is an initial learning curve; that's obvious," McHugh said. "There is, in the case of both the Land Court and District Court, a business process change; a huge one. With MassCourts Lite, I think more than 80 percent of responses to the survey said they were comfortable or very comfortable in using the system, and that's good to hear."
On the business side of the courts, the system will allow officials to look at case information as a whole and make "macro case management" and resource allocation judgments, McHugh said. The Web-based system should also aide in disaster recovery situations if a courthouse is damaged by fire or flooding and paper documents are destroyed.
McHugh said the system should help judges by allowing them to look at calendars, dockets and things going on in other courts related to a case. For example, when entering an order and setting a time limit for responses, judges will easily be able to see pertinent information like trial dates.
"Those kinds of things are going to be widely available for judges, which will make it both easier and more coordinated," McHugh said.
A public benefit
Consumers also stand to benefit from the upgrade. Court employees fielding telephone calls will have access to much more comprehensive information and will be able to help consumers more quickly, Burlingame said. Lawyers also could be able to access the system in certain circumstances to check the docket or other pieces of data.
The more long-term additions could include electronic filing, e-mail alerts and e-mail notification of case results.
"In addition, there is the possibility that huge chunks of business can be done electronically," McHugh said. He cited the work going on now between the Boston Police Department and Boston Municipal Court to streamline the police report/criminal complaint process, to replace the current system relying partially on handwritten applications. Without the current system of three or four people re-entering the same information, there is less room for error.
"It's an incremental process," McHugh said. The courts also are talking to other agencies about automating the exchange of information, he said. Currently, police departments can look in the MassCourts system using the police department's own booking number for a suspect. McHugh said they have about 6,000 numbers in the system already.
The Board of Bar Overseers provides a nightly feed to the MassCourts system, updating any changes of address filed by attorneys. Ultimately, the goal is for attorneys to only have to provide a change of address once to the BBO rather than filing the change with each court. The courts also are testing out a system to link information about public defender appointments with payment information.
Other technological improvements
MassCourts is not the only technical upgrade for the state's judicial system. The state also has updated its internal help desk, tracking how long it takes for employees to get assistance with IT needs. All e-mail traffic has been moved from a client-server based system to a Web-based system. The courts also added automated backup of all personal computers. A new group is studying possible applications for wireless technology, with a report expected by the end of the year.
The Supreme Judicial Court also is well planted in the technical realm, with more than a year of webcasts under its belt. In partnership with Suffolk University, the Supreme Judicial Court is webcasting and archiving all of its oral arguments, which can be found at www.suffolk.edu/sjc.
Suffolk submitted the winning proposal to provide live webcasts, technical support, case summaries and archiving of the oral arguments. Every case since September 2005 has been taped and archived.
"We see it as a very, very compatible activity with our educational mission," said John C. Deliso, associate dean of Suffolk University Law School.
"We are a school that has tried to use technology to aid the process of legal education," Deliso said. "The streaming video of SJC was a natural for us because it took us into one more IT arena."
The webcasts are a valuable tool for lawyers hoping to get a sense of the judges before arguing a case before them, for law students and for younger students trying to learn about the judicial process, Deliso said.
While the site is still relatively unknown, Deliso said the site is averaging about 100 hits a day. Viewership has been surprisingly diverse in a geographic sense, he added, with hits from Europe and Africa. "Over time, I'm very confident we'll have larger and larger numbers of viewers," Deliso said.
On the whole, technology is a tool that will increasingly creep into the practice of law and the courts through MassCourts, webcasts and other initiatives.
"There are some very, very sensitive issues when you use technology in the administration of justice," Deliso said. "That being said, it's part of the methodology of doing business in today's world in every form."


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Hans Mustad
Hans Mustad (26 January 1837 – 27 February 1918) was a Norwegian businessperson. He was instrumental in shaping the company O. Mustad & Søn. [1] [2]
He was born in Vardal as the son of Ole Hovelsen Mustad.[3] He was a brother of Kristian Mauritz Mustad and uncle of Sigbjørn Mustad;[4] both were jurists and politicians. Ole Hovelsen Mustad was a politician and businessperson who ran the company O. Mustad, inherited from Hans Mustad's grandfather Hans Schikkelstad in 1843.[5] Hans Mustad married Marie Heyerdahl in 1865.[6] She was a granddaughter of Hieronymus Heyerdahl,[7]
Hans Mustad started his working career in 1857, when hired in his father's company.[3] They specialized in production of steel wire and nails, and also ran a foundry and a sawmill.[8] In 1874 Hans Mustad became co-owner, and the company name was changed to O. Mustad & Søn, reflecting the new ownership structure. Under the involvement of Hans Mustad, the production was diversified. First, new products such as horse shoes, axe heads and fish hooks were introduced. In addition, the company expanded to other cities. In 1875, the company bought property at Lilleaker in Kristiania (now Oslo), adjacent to the Lysaker river. With a nearby waterfall at Fåbrofossen, this location had a history of industry stretching back to the nail works owned by poet Christian Braunmann Tullin, which existed from 1749 to 1830. From 1874 the lot was vacant, due to the explosion and subsequent move of the local nitroglycerine factory. In 1876 the production of nails and some other iron- and steelware was moved from Vardal to Lilleaker.[9] In 1886 a factory was established in Finland.[8] In 1889 the foundry was moved to Lilleaker, and the same year a margarine factory was established, entering a new branch of business.[9] In addition, the factory at Vardal started production of fishing flies.[8]
In the meantime, Ole Hovelsen Mustad had died (1884), leaving Hans Mustad as the single owner. His five sons became co-owners in 1905. These were Ole Mustad, Jr. (1870–1954), Hans Clarin Hovind Mustad (1871–1948), Halfdan Magnus Mustad (1874–1967), Wilhelm Martin Christie Mustad (1877–1961) and Nicolai Christian Mustad (1878–1970).[4] They subsequently inherited the company upon Hans Mustad's death in 1918.[5] By that time, O. Mustad & Søn was the largest industrial company in Norway, with 2,000 domestic employees as well as several factories abroad. The company eventually became the world's largest producer of fish hooks.[5] Despite the ownership change, the name O. Mustad & Søn was kept. However, not long after its 1970 conversion to a limited company, it was split into different branches. 1977 saw the split into Mustad Industrier AS and Mustad International Group BV, whereas the former was split into Mustad AS, Mustad Industrier AS and Mustad Eiendom AS in 1997.[9]
- ^ Arnljot Strømme Svendsen. "Hans Mustad". Norsk biografisk leksikon. Retrieved July 1, 2017.
- ^ Trond Gram. "O. Mustad & Søn AS". Store norske leksikon. Retrieved July 1, 2017.
- ^ a b "Mustad, Hans". Aschehoug og Gyldendals Store norske leksikon. Kunnskapsforlaget. 2007.
- ^ a b "Mustad". Aschehoug og Gyldendals Store norske leksikon. Kunnskapsforlaget. 2007.
- ^ a b c "Mustad & Søn AS, O.". Aschehoug og Gyldendals Store norske leksikon. Kunnskapsforlaget. 2007.
- ^ Genealogy for Marie Heyerdahl
- ^ Genealogy for Halvor Christian Heyerdahl
- ^ a b c Timeline - Mustad.no
- ^ a b c History - Mustad Eiendom


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DADE CITY — In an effort to retain quality staff, the Dade City Police Department is exploring a take-home squad car policy that it hopes will keep more sworn officers on the job.
On Tuesday evening, the City Commission unanimously approved police Chief Ray Velboom's request to apply for a $100,000 federal stimulus grant.
Between those funds, another grant and existing revenue, the department will be able to buy six additional vehicles, more than enough to grant each officer a personal squad car.
It's a perk offered by other local agencies. Velboom said it will give Dade City an attractive edge in recruiting and retaining officers.
In the past four months, the department has lost two officers to other agencies.
"Both of them have left for money," Velboom said.
One went to the Tampa Police Department, which offers a starting salary more than $10,000 higher than Dade City's $35,500 wage for beginning officers. The Tampa Police department also assigns take-home cars after a year on the job.
Velboom said the other officer left for the Pasco Sheriff's Office, which he said paid almost a dollar more per hour and also gave out take-home squad cars.
Currently, 14 of the Dade City Police department's 24 officers, including the administrative staff, K9 units and patrol sergeants, are assigned vehicles.
The idea of outfitting the entire staff was greeted positively by the commission.
"Anything we can do to retain officers," said City Commissioner Steve Van Gorden.
Velboom was confident the grant application would be approved and said he expects to see the grant funds by September.
Helen Anne Travis can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.com or (813) 435-7312.


text:
Monday, June 1, 1998 Published at 20:18 GMT 21:18 UK
Health: Latest News
Leading soft drinks withdrawn
Only some supplies are thought to present increased risk
Soft-drink companies are pulling particular batches of drinks off the shelves after trace levels of benzene were found in carbon dioxide supplies used to make the drinks.
'Safer than walking to the shop'
The carbon dioxide originated in the Terra Nitrogen factory in Severnside, near Bristol, which distributes the gas to carbonated drinks manufacturers.
Breathing city air would be more dangerous, she said. "You get more benzene by walking to the shop than by drinking the can of whatever it is,'' she added.
Suspect batches removed
Coca-Cola Schweppes said it had identified some canned drinks containing traces of benzene, but was only withdrawing specified batches from sale.
These include some cans of Coca-Cola, Diet Coke, caffeine free Diet Coke, Cherry Coke, Lilt, Diet Lilt, Lilt Mango Mandarin, Sprite, Sprite Lite, Fanta, Dr Pepper, Schweppes Shandy and Schweppes Slimline Shandy.
It has also recalled stocks of Malvern water.
Britvic Soft Drinks said it was withdrawing 2.25m cans that may have been affected, including regular and diet Orange Tango, regular Lemon Tango, Pepsi Max, Diet Pepsi, regular 7Up and 7Up Light.
It also said that only certain batches of the drinks might have been affected, and that only those ones were being recalled.
Several supermarkets have also removed Brecon Carreg mineral water from sale.
Other brands of water and soft drinks such as Lucozade and carbonated Ribena - both made by SmithKline Beecham - are being tested. They may also have to be withdrawn if the results prove positive.
'No threat to the public'
The Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food says the levels would only represent a negligible health risk.
"We don't believe it's a dangerous level. All the information we have suggests it's a quality issue, and there's very little risk associated with the levels found so far," he said.
The last major benzene alert was in 1990 when Perrier withdrew 160 million bottles of its water after experts in America found traces of the chemical at up to 22 parts per billion in 13 bottles.


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First timers build 'Best Breakdown' sculpture at Kensington derby
Design enthusiasts from all over Philadelphia turned out to see the 7th Annual Kensington Kinetic Sculpture Derby and to watch the parade of human-powered sculptures roll through the neighborhood last Saturday. For the finale, spectators watched as the floats barreled through a mud pit one by one, hoping for a crash. Judges awarded builders in categories such as best costume, engineering and best breakdown.
Harry Liu and his newbie sculpture team began building with the mud pit in mind.
Liu, the event coordinator for the Penn Jersey Roller Derby League, rallied members of the league to create a roller derby themed sculpture of a zombie who lives in a roller skate.
"It's kind of like the little old lady who lived in the shoe," said Liu. "Roller derby people seem to like zombies, that's kind of our thing."
The team began building six weeks ago at their practice warehouse at 19th and Indiana Streets. Liu learned about the sculpture derby in 2012 when the league recruited members at its sister event, the Trenton Avenue Arts Festival.
Another member of the league, artist Gwendolyn Toffling, heard about the sculpture competition last year, and was overjoyed to be participating in 2013. "Best case scenario, we have the goriest roller skate going down the street you've ever seen!" said Toffling.
"I would also not hate it if we won epic breakdown," added Liu.
Despite attending workshops given by past builders, the league's participants faced mechanical difficulties along the way, and said next year they'll opt for metal over cardboard and paper mâché.
Matt Tyrrell said he was shocked that the zombie skate even made it to the derby. "It literally came together in the last two days."
The sculpture made it through the entire parade, and the team remained optimistic and agreed that the cardboard exterior's new droop only added to its horror appeal.
When it came time to ride through the mud pit, the zombie skate made it through almost unscathed, but worse off than other teams. Almost no sculpture stuck in the mud, much to the chagrin of the spectators.
The judges awarded the roller derby zombie skate the "Best Breakdown" prize. "I definitely heard the crowd cheer when we lost the wheels," said Tyrrell. "I'm glad we were able to provide some carnage," Liu added with a grin.
The team already has ideas for next year, with spinning parts and lights.


text:
Pred Materials is Distributor of INEOS Silicas
November 24, 2003
Pred Materials is the exclusive distributor of INEOS Silicas' silicates for ceramics. INEOS is a leading manufacturer of powdered, spray-dried sodium silicates, as well as lithium, magnesium and potassium silicates.
For additional technical details, visit http://www.predmaterials.com . For more information, call (212) 286-0068 or e-mail firstname.lastname@example.com .
Did you enjoy this article? Click here to subscribe to Ceramic Industry Magazine.


text:
On the eve of its grand opening, the newest Apple Store is under investigation
New York Post, Apple's new location is expected to generate revenue of $100 million annually for the tech giant. Yet, out of the roughly 100 retailers in the building, Apple is the only one that was able to sign a lease without agreeing to a revenue sharing deal with the MTA, which is something that will certainly come up in the investigation. The 23,000 square feet that Apple has leased is under contract for ten years, and now is the largest Apple Store in existence. The location is highly desirable for a retailer with 750,000 people passing the store daily and 1,000,000 walking by on holidays. That is why the $60 a square foot that Apple is paying is of interest to the committee. That rate is far lower than what Apple's neighbors are paying, including Michael Jordan's Steakhouse on the opposite balcony.
For its part, the MTA insists that the deal with Apple is the best that could be made for the location. The previous tenant in the location, Metrazur, was paid $2.5 million to leave the location 8 years before its lease was up and another $2.5 million for renovations. Reports say that the restaurant was paid the $5 million from the MTA, but the agency says it has been reimbursed by Apple.
The Apple Store at Grand Central Station is set to open Friday at 10am. The store closes weeknights at 9pm, 7pm on Saturday and 6pm on Sunday.
source: NYPost via BusinessInsider
11 Comments
1. medicci37 (Posts: 1335; Member since: 19 Nov 2011)
THIS COUNTRY IS GOING 2 HELL!!! Along with steve jobs!
2. cnwwyo (Posts: 126; Member since: 26 May 2011)
looooooool..........ohhhhh,.....thats all i got.....
3. androidsbiggestfan (Posts: 76; Member since: 09 Aug 2011)
Well after this and the alleged e-book price fixing (http://www.phonearena.com/news/US-DoJ-and-EU-Commission-investigating-ebook-price-fixing_id24526) the Apple is starting to look even more rotten!
4. antifanboy (banned) (Posts: 67; Member since: 06 Dec 2011)
This is like shooting fish in a barrel
5. hybris (Posts: 56; Member since: 05 Dec 2011)
No revenue sharing agreement and only $60/square foot? This definitely sounds interesting. Apple is one of the richest and most profitable companies on the globe, why are they paying a significantly lower rate than other retailers in addition to no revenue sharing? This probably won't sit well with the neighboring retailers.
6. JGuinan007 (Posts: 692; Member since: 19 May 2011)
Michael Jordan is gonna be pissed and you don't want that.
7. richardyarrell2011 (banned) (Posts: 510; Member since: 16 Mar 2011)
Piss on iphone users and apple
8. Doakie (Posts: 2227; Member since: 06 May 2009)
The favoritism that is paid to Apple makes me sick.
9. remixfa (Posts: 14605; Member since: 19 Dec 2008)
Apple is not having a good couple of weeks. All these investigations, their frivolous lawsuits going down in flames, and no one is listening to their ridiculous demands for competitor designs.
Oh, well I guess it helps not to act like a shytie company and be the worlds largest shiniest douche-bag
10. J-LoTheGreat (Posts: 32; Member since: 07 Oct 2011)
Whats great about the whole thing, is that I live about 2400 miles from GCS and quite frankly it will not change my life one bit. So to all the whiny babies out there.......GET A LIFE!!!!!! Unless your life is affected by this store being in GCS, why in the world do you even care???
11. gotti88 (Posts: 101; Member since: 06 Jul 2011)
i totally agree... all this complaining and really none of you people are recieving any money from apple for complaining and crying over a dam store,,,, and this is coming from a rapid anmdroid user..... who gives a s**t about how much they pay


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Residents are considering taking over Clapham's village shop as a community owned venture.
More than 50 parishioners met in the village hall to hear the results of the survey, which expressed the views of 100 residents in Clapham, Newby and Keasden Farmer and parish councillor John Dawson, who chaired the meeting, said its purpose was to consider the results of the survey and decide whether to move to the next stage – which would be a feasibility study to determine whether residents should take over the shop.
Don Gamble, a member of the steering group, gave a breakdown of the results, which showed that more than 95 per cent of respondents supported the idea and around 45 per cent had offered to help prepare and run the outlet.
Fellow steering group member Eddie Leggett, described what the feasibility study would entail and what legal, administrative and financial structures would be used to support the idea.
The meeting heard of the experiences of Burton-in-Lonsdale community shop, which had proved a success, but which required hard work to ensure it stayed financially healthy.
Those at the meeting voted unanimously in favour of moving to a feasibility study, the findings of which would be reported back to a second parish meeting.
It was noted that the village would be eligible for a £2,000 grant to cover the costs of the study from the Esme Fairbairne Foundation.
The current steering group of Don Gamble, Wendy Jennings, Diane Elphinston and Eddie Leggett will be joined by five others with specialist skills.
They are Nick Burton (accountant), Esther Pugh (retail expert), James Innerdale (architect), Denise Wilson (small business development) and Sue Mann (voluntary organisations).
If the village does decide to take over the shop, a new management committee will be elected, marking the start of a democratically run organisation of which all parishioners would be members.


text:
Members: 159
Latest Activity: Feb 18, 2016
Last year all of my iris's bloomed beautifully, but this year none of my Blue Iris bloomed at all. They only had 3 buds and they turned brown and squisshy! :( This is only their second year and…Continue
Started by Sherry Morrison. Last reply by Lorraine Smith Pacific NW Aug 11, 2013.
found some of my Iris have damage from a iris borer does any one know a good cure Continue
Started by John F zone 6 Cinti Oh. Last reply by Carol McIntyre/Zn5/WI Jul 16, 2013.
does any one want to trade some irisall mine r ready to trade except the ones with seed pods Continue
Started by John F zone 6 Cinti Oh Jun 7, 2012.
Hi, as an old member of the Iris Society and a new member at this site, I don't know if you all soak your iris Rhizome in a 10% Bleach and 90% water after removing them from you're bed and before…Continue
Started by Jan Page. Last reply by Ziggie Ciepl May 18, 2012.
Time to fertilize my iris beds. I just put slug bait around them because we are having our normal dark & rainy weather. Now if I can just keep the chickens out & locked up behind their wire fence. Iris are so brittle when they are newly emerging, anything breaks them off . . .
ok, I think I found you on FB.
I just did a bad thing and went through my old pictures of the garden, and realized how much I lost this winter. Also lost a varigated leaf Iris. Ugh!!!
Yes, Robin I do have some to divide this fall. The old fashioned ones grow strongly here so I have your solid yellow and a mauve called Dauntless. The hybrids are more recent, but there are a few that could get trimmed like the orange and the purple & white streaked ones (ink patterns). The neighbors across the street have asked if I want any of their blue on blue & really dark dark ones. They are not gardeners & don't care what I do with them. I think you can send your e-mail to me through garden-share, but if not, look up winlass on facebook & private message me there.
Since you are in zone 9, I don't see why you couldn't. Though if you don't get any cold spells, you might have to hide them for a few months in a cool space.
My lost Iris, pics from last year. :(
So beautiful... I lost 7 of my 9 Iris I had. They were with the place when we bought it. It's heart breakings. The winter killed so much, on top of what I lost prior to winter.
They were all old. :(
Victoria, if you ever want to share, I believe the ones along your fence line look similar.
Lorraine, yours are beautiful also. If you are ever going to split them and want to share let me know.
can i grow iris in pots?
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text:
Freaky Orange Lobsters Caught In Maine
They've found blue lobsters, but now orange creatures have been captured in Massachusetts. Six of them have been found near the Magdalen Islands.
Ocean Seafood and Restaurant in Mansfield says it's a 1 in 10 million find. Owner Bill Sarro plans to put them on display at each of his 5 restaurants.
There were 5 of these found in Mansfield and another found in the Fresh Catch North Attleboro location for a total of 6.
"We've seen blue lobsters, but we've never carrot-colored lobsters came through the doors," Sarro told reporters. "No, we're not selling them; we're a small family business. Keep everything together. They're alive and doing well!"
The orange color seems to be a genetic mutation but they won't be eaten. Scientists agree that the orange crustaceans are an extremely rare find. Yellow lobster and albino lobsters have also been caught in the wild.
Check out video footage of these creepy crawlers.


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A WOMAN has been hit by a bus in Castle Street, Salisbury, this morning.
The incident happened outside Friends Life at about 8.45am and the woman is being treated for a head injury.
The road is currently blocked and heavily congested, and police are advising motorists to avoid the area.


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Columnist takes familiar journey on Memory Lane
It's time for another backward glance at newsmakers of Yesteryear via the archives of The Valley Independent and its predecessors, The Monessen Daily Independent and The Charleroi Mail.
70 years ago
Monday, Oct. 18, 1943
(Oct. 17 was a Sunday)
The first snowfall of the season, albeit light, blanketed Pittsburgh and other parts of western Pennsylvania, including the Mid-Mon Valley, this morning. The last time snow fell prior to Oct, 18 was in 1937.
Brownsville defeated Monongahela, 28-0, in a Big Five Conference game Saturday night at the Brownies' Stadium. Bert Sutton scored two touchdowns to lead coach Earl Bruce's team. Paul "Noodie" Jones, the leading scorer in the WPIAL, and Bill Sutton, tallied the other six-pointers, and Johns and Bert Sutton tacked on the extra points.
Two of the district's outstanding Major League baseball players will be honored at banquets in the area. The Donora Zinc Works Employees Athletic Association will salute native-born Stan Musial of the St. Louis Cardinals tonight. Meanwhile, Jimmy Russell, Pittsburgh Pirates star from Fayette City, will be honored tomorrow night at a similar fete at Nemacolin Country Club. Among the guests set for the Musial event are Honus Wagner, the Pirates' grand old man of baseball; George Susce, Cleveland Indians coach, and Charley Kelcher, chief scout of the Cardinals.
60 years ago
Saturday, Oct. 17, 1953
Special railroad routing was required for a giant $59,000 power shovel which arrived in Charleroi yesterday for a coal-stripping job in Fallowfield Township. The equipment, moved on heavy-duty flat cars, was consigned from Lorain, Ohio, to Dragan & Son in Belle Vernon and will be unloaded at the Latchem siding of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company on Monday.
Sparked by Billy Russell, who scored three touchdowns, Donora's unbeaten Dragons rolled over Central Catholic of Pittsburgh, 35-0, on Saturday night for their sixth straight win. Butch Gaydos scored on a blocked punt by Francis Osleger and Winslow Sloan ran 44 yards for the other DHS six-pointers. Ron Bozik added the extra points, four on kicks and another on a run.
Meeting in regular session at the Vernon Junior High School library, the Belle Vernon School Board approved purchase of an incinerator for use in the junior high from S.E. Carson and Sons of Charleroi. Attending the meeting were board president Robert Lange, secretary J.E. Kuhn, George Trozzo, Joseph Hoffman, solicitor John Costello, supervising principal George E. Fee and principal Laura Fee.
Steele Auditorium, the newest building on the California State Teachers College campus, will be dedicated today during the annual Dads Day celebration. Dr. Robert Steele, former president of the college, for whom the auditorium is named, will make the dedicatory address.
50 years ago
Thursday, Oct. 17, 1963
Excitement is building for the second annual Mon Valley Auto Show next Tuesday and Wednesday at Riverview Skating Rink on Route 906 between Monessen and Belle Vernon. Jack Roley of Roley Brothers in Belle Vernon is chairman of the event, which is sponsored by 15 area new car dealers and The Valley Independent. Roley said 40 new model vehicles will be displayed and door prizes will include a trip to New York City.
American Legion Auxiliary Unit 165 of Bentleyville met with Ruth Gorondy presiding.
Betty Fleming, rehabilitation chairman, reminded members to bring stamped Christmas cards to the Nov. 5 meeting to be sent to patients at Veterans hospitals.
Mon Valley Ski Club is planning a busy 1963-64 season. Leading the group are Pat Dodaro, president; Tony Cinquegrani, vice president; Claudia Koltash, corresponding secretary; Betty Van Bremen, recording secretary; Angela Raitano, treasurer, and Bart Raitano, director.
Rostraver upset Bellmar, 13-6, in a junior high football feature at Bellmar High Stadium.
Fullback Sam McBeth and halfback Ron Revak scored for coach Don Williams' Little Leopards, now 1-3-0. Revak added the extra point on a run. Al Neupaver tallied for Bellmar, now 2-2-0.
40 years ago
Friday, Oct. 17, 1973
Bello, Hogan and Checchi Designs, 415 Schoonmaker Ave., Monessen, is calling attention to its paper and paraphernalia products including note pads, wax seals, letter openers, desk organizers, address books, stationery and diaries.
Keystone Bakery venues in Monessen, Charleroi and Belle Vernon have these specials this weekend: luscious blackberry pie, $1.19; sunny orange cake made with fresh oranges, $1.29; raisin loaf, 79 cents; jelly fishes candy, 69 cents a pound.
President Margie Lopez was in charge as the Hungarian Ladies Auxiliary of Pricedale met in the social hall of the Hungarian Club. Helen Kilvady and Rose Mericheck were welcomed as new members.
30 years ago
Monday, Oct. 17, 1983
Danielle Casson, 14, of Donora, was chosen as the winner of a new 10-speed bicycle in a contest for Valley Independent news carriers. Mark Krassa, district circulation supervisor at the newspaper, presented the bike to Miss Casson, who was accompanied to the festivities by her father, Donald Casson.
Monongahela Valley Catholic topped Carmichaels, 27-13, Saturday night at Legion Field in Donora. Kevin Hoover led the Spartans with three touchdowns and 209 yards rushing, while sophomore Jack Kerekes drew high praise for his work at quarterback in place of injured senior Scott Phillips. MVC's Jesse Pelligrino also turned in a strong performance as he held the Mikes' J.L. Lechner, the top receiver in the WPIAL, to two catches and 43 yards. Chuck Hillman scored the other touchdown for the Spartans and Joe Hudock kicked the extra points.
Monongahela Volunteer Fire Co. kicked of its annual fund drive today with this theme: "Will you help us so in your time of need we can help you?" Dan Wineland, campaign chairman, said the Monongahela firemen respond to an average of 100 fire and emergency calls each year.
20 years ago
Saturday, Oct. 16, 1993
(Oct. 17 was a Sunday)
Homecoming Queens crowned last night at area high schools were Susan Spridik, Bentworth; Karen Bilski, Belle Vernon Area, and Kristie Krzmaric, Elizabeth Forward.
Heather Dow, 21, of Belle Vernon, received a check for $75,000 that she won in the Saturday Spin of the Pennsylvania Lottery. Dow, assistant manager of the Belle Vernon Atlantic service station, was presented with the check by Bob Wyner, owner of the service station, and Joseph "Chip" DeFelicis, Pittsburgh area Lottery representative.
Ringgold strengthened its playoff hopes with a 35-12 Quad A West Conference win over Baldwin. Greg Lomax led coach Chuck Colborn's Rams with four touchdowns, 184 yards rushing on 12 carries and an 86-yard kickoff return. Jamont Kinds scored the other Ringgold TD and Justin Hillman kicked five extra points.
10 years ago
Friday, Oct. 17, 2003
Monessen City Council has banned the presence of junk vehicles on residential properties and has announced its intention to set limits on many of the vehicles are permitted at gasoline and service stations and salvage yards. Council declared junk vehicles as "threats to public health and safety because they have become havens for wild animals."
Carroll Middle School volleyball teams swept Fort Couch. The eight-graders, now 9-1, posted a 2-1 victory as Danielle Brletich (17) and Brianna Pry (10) combined for 27 points. The seventh-graders, also 9-1, were led by Rachel Swalin's 17 points in their 2-1 decision.
John J. Gidick, 98, of North Versailles, formerly of Donora, died Oct. 15 in McKeesport Hospital. Mr. Gidick was a retired teacher and basketball and baseball coach at Donora and Ringgold high schools.
Monongahela Valley Hospital is in a countdown to the Oct. 25 grand opening of its new Center for Fitness and Health at Willow Pointe, Rostraver Township. A health fair will be held from noon to 4 p.m. as part of the celebration, and Mike Clark, WTAE-TV anchor and reporter, will be a special guest.
Ron Paglia is a freelance writer for Trib Total Media.


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Willingham is a medium to large affluent village in Cambridgeshire, England. It is located in the South Cambridgeshire district and sits just outside the border of the Fens, just south of the River Great Ouse. Driving north from the village one may observe the characteristic elevated straight roads and black soil.
Located approximately 12 miles (19 km) northwest of Cambridge, on the B1050 road, Willingham Parish occupies , and had a population in 2007 of 3,900 people. Although the highest point in the village is only approximately above sea level, Willingham is not generally considered to be at risk from flooding.
Research Tips


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An anti-bullying event featuring music and other entertainment will take place at the Killeen Community Center on Saturday.
The event, which is free to the public, is from noon to 2 p.m., and includes guest speakers, DJs, information booths, poetry performances and give-aways.
Cedric Dennis said he organized the youth summit "to raise awareness of bullying that is not getting better but increasingly worse at our schools and surrounding areas in Bell County."


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10 months ago
|Why no instructions for removing and reinstalling the keyboard? Mine needs to be cleaned (Coca Cola spill made the keys sticky).
1 year ago
|Thank you for posting this video. Very helpful to have a complete disassembly and re-assembly on video.
1 year ago
|This is the exact Apple Reportedly Set to Launch new Mac Mini with iPad Mini | Think Tek journal for aynnoe who wants to move out out virtually this substance. You mention so such its nigh tiring to argue with you (not that I rattling would want…HaHa). You definitely put a new rotation on a content thats been typed nearly for life. Metropolis nonsense, simply high!
Paul Moore
2 years ago
|No you will have to remove the rear panel shown in video and than all connecting cables to the logicboard (motherboard) they are: bluetooth, wifi, & camera on far left and center left respectively and the LDVS cable on the right. This is if held in the perspective that the battery and hard drive are toward you. MAKE SURE MACHINE IS POWERED OFF and battery cable is disconnected before disconnecting any cables. There are 2 wire guides that keep these cables in place remove those and you will see the hinges holding the upper display assembly to the lower Assembly I believe torx T8. Remove these and the upper and lower will be detached you can next separate the parts and slide off the old clutch and replace with the new. If this video disassembles the whole mac Watch it. if you dont have another device to watch the video at the same time as you do the work I find a picture taken before you remove parts and cables is a big help as you reassemble. Take the time to watch the video first. Writing it out makes it seem much more complex then it is.
2 years ago
|Do i need to remove the logic board in order to replace the clutch cover?
Powerbook Medic
3 years ago
|@Shally - yes the logic board and motherboard are the same.
3 years ago
|Looking o purchase inexpensive Macbook pro motherboard and instructions on how to repair. Isvablogic board the same thing and s motherboard?
3 years ago
|Took about the mac pro a1286. Put the new keyboard on. Reassembleld, but turn on and I hear the fans but no display.
If you would like to leave a comment about the video, please type in your name and comment below.


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Vintage 1950s Pink Ruffles D
This has to be one of the cutest dresses I have ever had! Pink polished cotton with a striped print of black tromp l'oeil lace, and every alternate stripe has an additional applique of box-pleated ruffles topped with green velvet ribbon. It's a long, straight wiggle dress with green velvet straps, and a pink metal zipper up the back. Bust area is fully faced with pink cotton, the rest is unlined. Pinked seams inside, expertly crafted by Elnita Fashions, Miami, Florida.


text:
The RSPB and English Nature say Bewick's swans and other birds that use the area for roosting and feeding could fly into the turbines and die.
Npower says the wind farm at Little Cheyne Court on the Sussex border would have minimal impact.
The plans go to a public inquiry on Tuesday this week.
Kent County Council opposed the scheme but the inquiry was called after developers appealed.
Npower said the wind farm will provide pollution-free electricity to three quarters of the homes in the area.
"It will have minimal impact and that is the evidence we will put before the inquiry," said spokesman Simon Wells.
Authorities which have objected to the plan include Kent County Council, Shepway District Council and Camber Parish Council in Rye, East Sussex.
Resident Caroline Solly said: "Most people have moved here because they love the environment.
"Destroying it with industrial-sized turbines is not the answer."
Environmentalist David Bellamy is among those who have spoken against the plans.


text:
A new brochure detailing real-time and embedded systems software development capabilities has been published by RTSoft. The four page, color brochure highlights RTSoft's ability to provide complete solutions to clients by building on its library of software and integration tools. The range of RTSoft services and capabilities listed in the brochure include software development, systems integration, expertise in real-time operating systems, and expertise in Linux, Windows, and SCADA/MMI.
The brochure also covers the capabilities that make RTSoft a potential software development partner for embedded systems organizations. RTSoft engineers test and validate its products at every step of the development cycle, and the company fully documents and guarantees all projects.


text:
Each month, Rated People connects over 50,000 homeowners with quality tradesmen - simply enter your job details in the form above to get started.
We'll match your job to the relevant tradesmen in your area - those interested will pay to see your contact details and call you to quote.
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After the work is complete, return to the site and rate your tradesman based on their quality of work, reliability and value for money.
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Shop Personalized StationeryCarlson Craft Wedding Invitations Customize any Address Stamp to match your style!
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text:
Java supports HTML editing through
JEditorPane, a text component similar to
TextBox and
TextArea. The
JEditorPane is typically used in association with
EditorKit, which decides what special text settings (or tags for HTML) to recognize apart from the regular text.
HTMLEditorKit extends
EditorKit and is capable of recognizing HTML text. The code below shows how to initialize a
JEditorPane for editing HTML:
JEditorPane txt = new JEditorPane();
txt.setEditorKit(new HTMLEditorKit());
The instance of the
JEditorPane component can now recognize any HTML tag present in its model (text). For example, if the text is This is Bold, the
JEditorPane will display This is Bold. Similarly, if the text is yahoo mail,
JEditorPane will then convert this text to a link. However, if a user types a link directly into the editing area, the component displays it as plain text only, until the link is decorated with proper HTML tags.
To make
JEditorPane display links properly, we must detect links as they are being typed and decorate these links with proper HTML tags.
Displaying user-typed links in JEditorPane
As Amy Fowler explains in "A Swing Architecture Overview," Swing is a "model-based framework." That is, every component is controlled by a backend model class. This brings
HTMLDocument into the picture as the model class for
JEditorPane, which can help us access the text being written onto the
JEditorPane and alter it at runtime.
So what do we have to do? As the user types a link in the
EditorPane, we need to modify this text programmatically to a correct HTML anchor tag with appropriate value for the HREF attribute. For example, a normal HTML link should have the URL as the HREF attribute and the email addresses should use the "mailto:<email address>" syntax.
To achieve this functionality, we can create a new component that extends
HTMLDocument so that it intercepts the user-entered string and converts it to a link. The main Swing component that extends from
JEditorPane can use the new model class to implement the required functionality.
Some of the features that the new component should support are:
- Automatic detection of links, based on some predefined patterns
- Automatic rewriting of URL when user modifies a URL
- Showing a tool tip when the mouse hovers over a link
- Opening the link in user's preferred browser
Link detector: Design
The figure below illustrates our link detector's design.
As shown in the figure above, the class
EditorPaneLinkDetector extends
JEditorPane and is the main class that supports automatic recognition of hyperlinks. Also,
HTMLDocLinkDetector, which extends
HTMLDocument, is the model class and will detect and recognize the hyperlinks using regular expressions as the user types them. These detected links are then converted into HTML links using the
 tag. Later, we address the problem of listening to the mouse click on the hyperlink.
Text typed in by the user is passed to our new model class,
HTMLDocLinkDetector, through the
insertString() method. This method is overridden in the model class to look for link patterns and modify the text with
 tags.
Now, we get into the details of the implementation. Let's divide our discussion into two subtopics:
- Detecting and converting the link to a hyperlink
- Listening to the hyperlink (forcing the system to respond when the link is clicked)
Detect and convert the link text to an HTML anchor tag
As already discussed, our main component extends
JEditorPane, which uses the associated
EditorKit to implement its behavior. The
EditorKit is responsible for configuring the editor to accept different kinds of content. In other words,
EditorKit decides which content type the editor can handle. In our case, we use
HTMLEditorKit to make it understand HTML. The following code goes to the constructor of our main class
EditorPaneLinkDetector, which extends
HTMLEditorKit htmlkit = new HTMLEditorKit();
HTMLDocument doc = new HTMLDocLinkDetector(ss);
HTMLDocLinkDetector class, our model class, is a subclass of
HTMLDocument. This is where we'll search and activate links.
While extending
HTMLDocument, we override the function
insertString(), which is responsible for writing to the document, and we call a function from inside
insertString() to check for links:
public void insertString(int offs, String str, AttributeSet a)
throws BadLocationException {
super.insertString(offs, str, a);
Element e = getCharacterElement(offs);
As shown in bold, we get the character element of the string to be inserted and pass it to another function,
computeLinks(), wherein we check whether the entered string is already a link, with the help of the following code:
e.getAttributes().getAttribute(HTML.Tag.A) != null
Thus, if the element already contains HTML tag
, i.e., we are trying to edit an existing link, then we replace the earlier link with the one entered now. We'll get into the details of replacing an existing link once we finish our discussion on how to convert a string into a link.
Once we get the details of the string entered and, if it is not a link,—i.e., it has not yet been converted to a link—we run the following pattern matcher on it:
Matcher matcher = Pattern.compile("(?i)
As you can see, the above pattern will match for any string starting with http://, https://, etc. Here, we use the or construct (
|) to handle the different HTML link patterns. Once a link is identified, we run the following pattern matcher to avoid adding any non-alpha characters like (?,.) at the link's end to the anchor tag:
Matcher dotEndMatcher = Pattern.compile("([\\W&&[^/]]+)$").matcher(url);
Once the link is identified, it is replaced with a properly formatted HTML hyperlink using the
insertString() method.
Editing an existing link can be tricky. In our implementation, we remove the anchor tag when the user starts editing an existing link. That is, the link converts to plain text. The appropriate HTML tags are then rewritten as if the original link were newly typed.
We now look at how to handle mouse hover and click-over hyperlinks.
Display a tool tip with mouse hover
When a mouse hovers over a link, we want to display a tool tip describing how to open the link. We implement this by adding a
MouseMotionListener. We'll implement the logic in the
mouseMoved() method:
AccessibleJTextComponent context = (AccessibleJTextComponent) getAccessibleContext().getAccessibleEditableText();
AccessibleHypertext accText = (AccessibleHypertext) context
int index = accText.getIndexAtPoint(e.getPoint());
int linkIndex = accText.getLinkIndex(index);
// Check if the mouse is over a link; otherwise
// set the tool tip to null
if (linkIndex == -1) {
String linkDesc = accText.getLink(linkIndex)
String toolTipText = "
Learn more about this topic
- Download the source code that accompanies this article
- "How to Use Editor Panes and Text Panes, Sun Tutorials," from The Java Tutorial (Sun Microsystems)
- "A Swing Architecture Overview," Amy Fowler (Sun Developer Network)
- "Regular Expressions and Java Programming Language," Dana Nourie and Mike McCloskey (Sun Developer Network, April 2002) http://java.sun.com/developer/technicalArticles/releases/1.4regex/
- "Java Tip 66Control Browsers from your Java Application," Steven Spencer (JavaWorld)
- Protégé
- For more articles on Swing, browse the AWT/Swing section of JavaWorld's Topical Index


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Greenwich Village: Music That Defined a Generation is rich in archival footage
Featuring Bob Dylan, Carly Simon, Pete Seeger, and Buffy Sainte-Marie. Unrated. Opens Friday, July 12, at the Vancity Theatre
Presenting New York's most bohemian neighbourhood as an incubator of counterculture (if eventually mainstream) sound is such a no-brainer, it matters little that first-time director Laura Archibald doesn't show much filmmaking intelligence. Greenwich Village: Music That Defined a Generation is highly disorganized, cluttered up with needless graphics, and the interviews are shot under distractingly variable conditions. (A number seem to have been undertaken at our own Jericho Beach, with much festival noise in the background.)
This is forgivable because the archival clips are so good. Obviously, there could always be more Bob Dylan in such a context (and senior beatnik Dave Van Ronk and other old folkies get notably short shrift). But the film, with Susan Sarandon narrating, does a fair job of conveying the crucial early '60s moment in which the recent Minnesota transplant grabbed the "authentic" folk baton from Woody Guthrie, sharpened it, and started penning his own tunes.
This development was not lost on rivals and acolytes like Phil Ochs, Tom Paxton, Eric Andersen, Buffy Sainte-Marie, Kris Kristofferson, Carly Simon, Richie Havens, and John Sebastian, all of whom are well represented, along with Judy Collins, who stuck to championing Joni Mitchell, Leonard Cohen, and other new songwriters.
Sebastian famously formed the Lovin' Spoonful, joining the Byrds as chief exponents of a folk-rock hybrid that later morphed into psychedelic and country rock. After a long digression into Woodstock, Melanie, and bubblegum psych (this is was supposed to be about Greenwich Village, right?), Archibald suddenly jumps back more than a decade to explore the anti-communist blacklist that damaged the careers of many, including Pete Seeger, who at least gets the last word here. This Music's a mess, but the beat goes on.


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Angolan president Jose Eduardo dos Santos's daughter has been cleared to head the national oil company Sonangol, after a court rejected a legal challenge...
30 Dec 2016
ARUSHA, TANZANIA: Tanzania has fired four key ministers for abuses committed by the security forces during a controversial anti-poaching drive, the Prime Minister said.
24 Dec 2013
South African law firm Bowman Gilfillan' which established an office in Botswana in October' is moving quickly to implement a medium-term strategy to have between 8 and 12 offices across Africa.
Evan Pickworth 28 Oct 2013
Tax authorities are being more aggressive in challenging companies' tax practices, but this is leading to a disparity over what tax practitioners and politicians consider aggressive tax planning.
Amanda Visser 11 Oct 2013
Expansion into Africa by the world's biggest law firms gathered steam on Monday (3 June) with the official tie-up between Norton Rose and Fulbright & Jaworski to form Norton Rose Fulbright.
4 Jun 2013
Although structural impediments such as poor logistics render the search for new avenues of deeper intra-African trade challenging' there is an immediate and compelling growth potential in the trade of agricultural products' Standard Bank research analyst Simon Freemantle said last week.
Helmo Preuss 22 Apr 2013
Hackers have claimed the scalp of the South African Ministry of State Security's Twitter account, underlining concerns that Africa may be the soft underbelly of global cyber security.
6 Mar 2013
A new-look Rainbow Chicken is taking shape amid enthusiasm from investors who have boosted its share price by a third since November. Driving the change is Rainbow's R1bn acquisition of Foodcorp and a R3,9bn rights issue, setting the scene for more positive developments.
4 Feb 2013
The South African Police is seen as the most corrupt government department with most people being prepared to - or having already - paid bribes to them according to research by Transparency International published in Business Live.
23 Nov 2011
Refugees and asylum permit holders in South Africa will from now on be able apply for bank accounts in the country, the Home Affairs Department announced on Thursday, 11 November 2010.
12 Nov 2010


text:
Model railway enthusiasts converged on Keighley at the weekend.
Visitors from as far away as Scunthorpe and York made tracks for Victoria Hall, where Keighley Model Railway Club staged its 39th exhibition.
Fourteen layouts were on show, including a new Hornby Magazine beginners' model being built by junior members of the Keighley club, and sponsored by Yorkshire Bank.
Others included Appledore, Mozzerdale, Binns Road Hornby, Cleggworth, Museum of Transport, Cowgill, Priory Road and Ecclesford Junction, which won the visitors' choice award.
A club spokesman said the event was a "roaring success".
"Both young and old enjoyed playing trains on our layout run by junior members!" she said.
"Visitors yesterday also got to have a free circular ride on a bus link between the exhibition and the Keighley Bus Museum open day."
* Full story and more photos in Thursday's Keighley News


text:
Matterhorn Mitts, Hat, and Scarf by Anne Hanson
Welcome! You are browsing as a guestWould you like to see 196 projects made from this pattern and much more? create a free account What am I missing?
Matterhorn Mitts, Hat, and Scarf
This pattern is available for $9.00 USD
buy it now or visit pattern website
buy it now or visit pattern website
A quick to knit multi-sized set of three patterns featuring a tweed texture with universal appeal. Fingerless mitts in four sizes have a sculpted thumb gusset; hat in four sizes has a deep turned-back brim to close out the cold. A great last-minute gift project which travels well and knits up in a flash.
Substituting yarn and/or needles may result in an overall variation in size.
For more information, see: http://www.knitspot.com/knitting_pattern/matterhorn-...


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In the last of three presidential debates, Mr Romney and President
Australia is in a delicate position because of its alliance with the US and its heavy reliance on exports of coal, iron ore and natural gas to China.
The debate at Lynn University in Boca Raton, Florida, was devoted to foreign policy, but there were far fewer of the heated moments that characterised last week's fractious debate on Long Island.
Mr Obama who lost the first debate but came back in the second debate was declared the winner of last night's contest, according to a CNN/ORC International poll. Forty-eight per cent of those surveyed said Mr Obama fared better in the final campaign encounter compared with 40 per cent for Mr Romney.
too close to call
The overall race remains too close to call with just two weeks to go. Both candidates and their vice-presidential running mates are making frantic efforts to woo voters in swing states, where the President has a slight edge.
The Republican acknowledged that China had made some progress in allowing its currency to appreciate, but said it needed to do more.
"That's why on day one I will label them a currency manipulator, which allows us to apply tariffs where they're taking jobs," he said.
"They're stealing our intellectual property, our patents, our designs, our technology, hacking into our computers, counterfeiting our goods.
"They have to understand we want to trade with them. We want a world that's stable. We like free enterprise, but you got to play by the rules."
Mr Obama has not threatened to declare China a currency manipulator – a move trade experts believe could spark a full-blown trade war.
But the President said during the debate his administration had taken twice as many trade actions as his predecessor, as well as doubled US exports to China and cajoled the Chinese to allow the yuan to rise to its most advantageous level in decades.
beijing response measured
Beijing's initial response to yesterday's debate was more measured than it was after Mr Romney accused China of being a currency manipulator in last week's Long Island debate.
"US politicians no matter from what party should view China's development in an objective and rational light and should do more for China-US mutual trust and cooperation," a foreign ministry spokesman said in Beijing. "The sound and steady development of China-US relations serve the fundamental interests of both countries and both peoples. It is also conducive to regional and world peace, stability and prosperity."
Mr Obama turned the China question on to Mr Romney, saying his challenger was familiar with the problem of jobs being shipped to China because he had invested in companies that did just that. "If we had taken your advice, Governor Romney, about our auto industry, we'd be buying cars from China instead of selling cars to China," Mr Obama said.
And if companies were not taxed on overseas profits, as Mr Romney advocates, "that's estimated to create 800,000 jobs; the problem is they won't be here, they'll be in places like China," he said.
The President also said Mr Romney's budget cuts would make it harder to "rebuild America at home" and ensure that Americans were better able to compete in the global market with the Chinese and other emerging economies' populations.
Mr Romney replied that government investments in clean energy firms favoured by Mr Obama did not make businesses grow or hire people, and "attacking me is not talking about an agenda for getting more trade and opening up more jobs in this country."
At the same time, he seemed to soften his posture on China, acknowledging the country's interest in a stable world without war or protectionism because of the need to find jobs for the 20 million people migrating to cities each year. "They want the economy to work and the world to be free and open. And so we can be a partner with China. We don't have to be an adversary. We can work with them, we can collaborate with them, if they're willing to be responsible," Mr Romney said.
agreement on key issues
The debate was notable for the amount of agreement between the two candidates on key issues.
Both candidates said they would "stand with Israel" if it was attacked.
Mr Romney acknowledged the progress made in training Afghanistan's security forces to take responsibility for security and said he would withdraw the last US troops from the country by the end of 2014, in line with Mr Obama's position.
On the possibility of war with Iran it if didn't curtail its nuclear enrichment program, Mr Romney said "our mission ... is to dissuade Iran from having a nuclear weapon through peaceful and diplomatic means".
Mr Obama pointed out that at the same time he was putting crippling sanctions that brought Iran's economy to its knees, Mr Romney had invested in a Chinese oil company that traded with Iran. "I'll let the American people decide, judge, who's going to be more effective and more credible when it comes to imposing crippling sanctions," he said.
The Australian Financial Review


text:
Posted 6 years ago
(350 items)
Show is an MG-34 spare barrel and it's carrier in original ordinance tan paint. The serial number on the barrel matches that of the serial number painted on the carrier. The MG-34 was used throughout the war, on all fronts. In 1942 the M-42 heavy machine gun overshadowed the M-34. Also shown is an ammo can which holds up to 500 rounds of ammo for the machine gun. The ammo for the machine gun was interchangeable with the K-98 Mauser rifle. Shown are original boxes of ammo for the K-98 and MG-34 and MG42. All of the ammo is dated 1938.


text:
Being that I'm from the Sunshine State, you'd think that I would be able to handle a New York summer without an issue—wrong. I honestly had no idea what I was in for this summer. The combination of concrete, metal, garbage and 90-degree weather is deadly. This Fashionista combated the heat in light blue and bright whites.
Being effortlessly cool, in both meanings of the word, is what it's all about during summer. You basically want to look like you could show up to someone's barbecue, school a group of strangers at a game of beach volleyball or get caught lounging in the park at any moment. I'm obsessed with this Fashionista's light blue jumpsuit paired with a simple white cropped tank top, amazing white sandals and perfect white cross-body bag.
This look is so driven by the light color scheme. I mean, just looking at this outfit makes me feel comfortable and cool. She stays fairly low-key with her '90s-inspired white accessories, silver jewelry, circular sunnies and a book for downtime during long subway rides. I loved her oddly shaped necklace, bangles and hand full of rings, too. Summer simplicity at its very finest.
One Simple Change: When the stifling city heat becomes too unbearable, try swapping out the white crop top for a bright one-piece bathing suit for a day at the beach. When you get to the there, all you'll have to do is slip out of your jumpsuit and hop into the ocean.


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Dave Bautista Joins Kickboxer
Georges St. Pierre also steps into the ring
Photos: Getty Images
Buried in news about a remake of one of Jean-Claude Van Damme's films, Bloodsport last July was word that another of his early martial arts canon, Kickboxer would be headed into the rework ring. As the film's backers head to Cannes in the hopes of drumming up international sales, Dave Bautista and Georges St-Pierre have been announced as part of the cast.
Clearly the new Kickboxer team – which includes Tai Chi Hero director Stephen Fung – has been looking to Marvel to find its supporting fight talent, as Bautista is set to play Drax The Destroyer in the studio's Guardians Of The Galaxy later this year and St-Pierre was one of the villains in Captain America: The Winter Soldie**r** back in March.
Both men have unimpeachable wrestling and mixed martial arts backgrounds, so we can certainly see why they'd be recruited to feature alongside the lead, stunt man and fighter Alain Moussi, who will make his acting debut with the movie. Moussi is a veteran of stunt duties on films such as Pacific Rim, Immortals, Pompeii and the upcoming X-Men: Days Of Future Past. There's no word on a shoot schedule or release date for the remake yet.
Guardians Of The Galaxy is set for release here on August 1 and Bautista has also worked on indie thriller LA Slasher. Kickboxer will follow sometime next year, we imagine.


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Contained Places
Akron is the fifth-largest city in the U.S. state of Ohio and is the seat of Summit County. It is in the Great Lakes region approximately south of Lake Erie along the Little Cuyahoga River. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 199,110. The Akron, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) covers Summit and Portage counties, and in 2010 had a population of 703,200.[1] Akron is also part of the larger Cleveland-Akron-Canton, OH Combined Statistical Area, which in 2010 had a population of 3,515,646.
Akron was co-founded in 1825 when suggested by Paul Williams to Simon Perkins. In 1833, "South" was temporarily added to the name when Eliakim Crosby settled a bordering North Akron. After Summit County formed from portions of Portage, Medina, and Stark counties in 1840, Akron succeeded Cuyahoga Falls as county seat a year later. The Akron School Law of 1847 created the K-12 system. In 1851, Sojourner Truth attended a convention and extemporaneously delivered the original "Ain't I a Woman?" speech. During the Civil War, Ferdinand Schumacher supplied the Union Army with oats produced by his mill along the Ohio Canal. Between the 1870s and World War I, numerous churches across the nation were built using the Akron Plan.[2]
With a population increase of 201.8% during the 1910s, it became the nation's fastest-growing city due to industries such as stoneware, sanitary sewer, fishing tackle, farming equipment, match, toy, and rubber. The companies General Tire, Goodrich, Firestone, and Goodyear built headquarters, though only the latter remains. Airships, blimps, dirigibles, and zeppelins have been manufactured at the Goodyear Airdock since World War II. The Goodyear Polymer Center and National Polymer Innovation Center are on the University of Akron campus, which anchors the Polymer Valley and is home to the Archives of the History of American Psychology. Akron also headquartered the National Marble Tournament, Professional Bowlers Association, and Women's Professional Mud Wrestling. Home to employers such as Summa, GOJO Industries, FirstMerit Bank, and FirstEnergy, it is listed by Newsweek as one of ten Information Age high tech havens. Awarded by the National Civic League and National Arbor Day Foundation, it was named one of the world's most livable cities. The All-American Soapbox Derby, WGC-Bridgestone Invitational, National Hamburger Festival, Founders Day (Alcoholics Anonymous), and Road Runner Akron Marathon are annually hosted by the city, which was a venue for some events of the 2014 Gay Games. Tourist attractions include Stan Hywet Hall & Gardens and Lock 3 Park, where the American Marble & Toy Manufacturing Company once stood.
Residents of Akron are referred to as "Akronites." Nicknames include "Rubber City," "City of Invention" and "Rubber Capital of the World."[3][4][5]
In 1811, Paul Williams settled near the corner of what is now Buchtel Avenue and Broadway and suggested to surveyor of the Connecticut Western Reserve General Simon Perkins, the co-founding of a town at the summit of the developing Ohio and Erie Canal. The name derived from the Greek word signifying a summit or high point. Laid out in December 1825, where the South Akron neighborhood now is; Irish laborers working on the Ohio Canal built approximately 100 cabins nearby in autumn. Due to Eliakim Crosby founding "North Akron" (Cascade) in 1833, "South" was added to Akron's name up until the two merged and became an incorporated village in 1836.[6] In 1840 Summit County formed from portions of Portage, Medina, and Stark counties. Akron replaced Cuyahoga Falls as its county seat a year later and opened a canal connecting to Beaver, Pennsylvania, helping give birth to the stoneware, sewer pipe, fishing tackle, and farming equipment industries.[7][8] In 1844, abolitionist John Brown moved into the John Brown House across the street from business partner Colonel Simon Perkins who lived in the Perkins Stone Mansion. The Akron School Law of 1847 began the K-12 grade school system, which currently is used in every U.S. state.[9]
1850s–1890s: Summit City
When the Ohio Women's Rights Convention came to Akron in 1851, Sojourner Truth extemporaneously delivered her speech named Ain't I A Woman?, at the Universalist Old Stone Church. Associated with the church, John R. Buchtel founded Buchtel College in 1870, renamed the University of Akron in 1913. Purchasing a mill in 1856, Ferdinand Schumacher mass-produced oat bars which the Union Army were supplied with during the American Civil War, becoming high in demand afterward. Akron incorporated as a city in 1865. Philanthropist Lewis Miller, Walter Blythe, and architect Jacob Snyder designed the widely used Akron Plan, debuting it on Akron's First Methodist Episcopal Church in 1872.[10] Numerous Congregational, Baptist, and Presbyterian churches built between the 1870s and World War I use it.[11][2] In 1883, a local journalist began the modern toy industry by founding the Akron Toy Company. A year later, the first popular toy was mass-produced clay marbles made by Samuel C. Dyke at his shop where Lock 3 Park is now. Other popular inventions include rubber balloons; ducks; dolls; balls, Baby Buggy Bumpers, and Little Brown Jugs. In 1895, the first long distance electric railway, the Akron, Bedford and Cleveland Railroad, began service. On August 25, 1889, the Boston Daily Globe referred to Akron with the nickname "Summit City."[12] To assist local police, the city deployed the first police car in the U.S. running on electricity.[13]
1900s–1990s: Rubber Capital of the World
The Riot of 1900 resulted in city officials being assaulted, two deaths, plus Columbia Hall and the Downtown Fire station (now the City Building since 1925) burning to the ground. The American trucking industry was birthed through Akron's Rubber Capital of the World era when the four major tire companies Goodrich Corporation (1869), Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company (1898), Firestone Tire and Rubber Company (1900), and General Tire (1915) were headquartered in the city. The numerous jobs the rubber factories provided for deaf people led to Akron being nicknamed the "Crossroads of the Deaf."[14] On Easter Sunday 1913, Akron's total rainfall was recorded at 9.55 inches resulting in a flood which killed five citizens and destroyed the Ohio and Erie Canal system. From 1916–1920 10,000 schoolgirls took part in the successful Akron Experiment, testing iodized salt to prevent goiter in what was known as the "Goiter Belt".
Rubber companies responded to housing crunches by building affordable housing for workers. Goodyear's president, Frank Seiberling, built the Goodyear Heights neighborhood for employees. Likewise, Harvey Firestone built the Firestone Park neighborhood for his employees. During the 1910–1920 decade Akron became a boom town being America's fastest growing city with a 201.8% increase in population. Of the 208,000 citizens, almost one-third were immigrants (also Clark Gable)[15] and their children from places including Europe and West Virginia. In 1925 Goodyear's subsidiary Zeppelin Company began manufacturing airships used in World War II and eventually blimps for advertising purposes.[16][17] Akron again grew when Kenmore was annexed by voter approval on November 6, 1928. Found hiding under a bed at one of his hideouts in the city, notorious bank robber Charles Arthur "Pretty Boy" Floyd was arrested under the name "Frank Mitchell" in March 1930. Goodyear became America's top tire manufacturer after merging with The Kelly-Springfield Tire Company in 1935.[18] Lasting five weeks and consisting of roughly 5,000 strikers including union sympathizers from other factories and neighboring states, the Akron Rubber Strike of 1936 successfully used "sit-down" tactic being organized by the United Rubber Workers. During the 1950s–60s Akron surged as use of the automobile did. The historic Rubber Bowl was used by the National Guard of the United States as a base during the racial Wooster Avenue Riots of 1968. Like many other industries of the Rust Belt, both the tire and rubber industries experienced major decline resulting from multiple labor union strikes occurring from the 70s–80s. By the early 1990s, Goodyear was the last major tire manufacturer based in Akron.
2000s: City of Invention
Despite the number of rubber workers decreasing by approximately half from 2000–07, Akron's research in polymers gained an international reputation.[19] It now centers the Polymer Valley which consist of 400 polymer-related companies, of which 94 were located in the city itself.[20] Research is focused at the University of Akron which is home to the Goodyear Polymer Center and National Polymer Innovation Center, and first College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering. Due to its contributions to the Information Age, Newsweek's listed Akron fifth of ten high tech havens in 2001.[20] In 2008 "City of Invention" was added to the seal when the All-America City Award was received for the third time. Some events of the 2014 Gay Games used the city as a venue.
Research Tips


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Bloomberg.com – Rent-A-Center's Operation – Just Like Home Supports Military Families – Bloomberg
Ticker Volume Price Price Delta. The aid came in the form of furniture, electronics, computers and appliances. NSA North West Annex, ia. NAS Oceana Dam Neck Annex, ia. Rent-A-Center's "Operation. Just Like Home" Supports Military Families Business Wire PLANO, Texas.
Commercial Service – Made in China
We also can provide new product R&D, mold design and making, certification, testing and calibration services in scope of refrigerators, air conditioners, washing machines, TVs and small appliances. Turnkey Pakistan Project.
News Archives for 6/15/2002 – Brainerd, Minnesota – BrainerdDispatch.com
New appliances are energy stars You don't think natural resources saved by your major appliances is a big deal. Innovations make home functional Bright innovations, including a resource center and lots of built-ins, lend functionality to this home, Plan K-22, by the Homestore Plans and Publications Designers Network.
Apartment Therapy – The Weekend Guide – December 28, 2012 National, Local & Online Sales and Events Calendar – Apartment Therapy
MoMA Design Store Sale Save up to 50% this Winter on select tabletop, desk and personal accessories, home furnishings, stationary and books. Heath is highlighting exceptional craft products for the table and home by Brooklyn-based artisans and designers.
Denver Best Of Awards
The gallery-style retailer sells furniture and artifacts from all over the world at wholesale prices, which means you can spice up your home without leaving it. Park Meadows is home to the studio chain's only metro location.
Categories: Mining and construction Tags: Cirosia , NAS Oceana Dam Neck Annex , NSA North West Annex