text:
TUCSON, Ariz. -- A North Carolina spokesperson quickly popped his head into the media room less than an hour before tipoff to inform everyone that starter and second-leading scorer Brandan Wright and reserve Marcus Ginyard weren't playing because they were ill.
The Tar Heels were already without guard Bobby Frasor, missing his fourth straight game with a foot injury.
So, there was a natural buzz that Arizona suddenly had not just a chance, but a potential edge on the Tar Heels to reclaim its national position among teams being bandied about for a top four seed in the NCAA Tournament.
No shot. The Wildcats didn't show any signs of being ill, but they certainly played as if they weren't feeling well.
In what can be simply stated as the most declarative statement game by a possible title contender to date (giving a nod here over Wisconsin-Pitt and Florida-Ohio State ... you can debate on your own if you wish but those were both home wins), North Carolina crushed Arizona 92-64 at the McKale Center on Saturday afternoon, handing Lute Olson his worst home loss in his 24 years with the Wildcats.
"At halftime, I went into the locker room and said, 'I don't know this team,'" Olson said. "It's too bad. The stage was set for a great basketball game. It wasn't a great basketball game."
Well, once again, it depends on your perspective. For North Carolina, this was tremendous. Seriously, the Tar Heels were without three of their top nine players and didn't miss a beat. While Arizona was fumbling away its possessions (turning the ball over in four of the first five), the Tar Heels were sharing the ball like it was a clinic. The Tar Heels scored on transition, halfcourt, 3s, at the free-throw line, and with plenty of drive-and-dish dunks that continued into the final minute.
Putting this in perspective: Twice within the past 10 days, North Carolina has gone into a supposedly hyped-up, tough roadie and squashed the opponent (see a 22-point win at Clemson for the first example). Forget about this crew being dominated by freshmen and sophomores. This team knows how to step on the throat of a team and not let it breathe. Sure, the Tar Heels lost at Virginia Tech after being down 20-plus, but they still clawed back to lose by only six. And, no one said this team is infallible, let alone perfect.
"This shows what type of team we are mentally. We can go on the road and take care of business and head back home."
-- UNC freshman Wayne Ellington
"This shows what type of team we are mentally," UNC freshman guard Wayne Ellington said. "We can go on the road and take care of business and head back home. We're so deep that we have so many guys that can rotate in and are threats to score."
The businesslike approach is evident with the way this team travels. The Carolina players are all well-dressed, coat-and-tie and certainly looking as if they got a memo from NBA commissioner David Stern on the dress code. That kind of approach carries over onto the court.
"I've always liked to play in someone else's building," North Carolina coach Roy Williams said. "That doesn't mean I always win. But go back to when we were at Kansas for 15 years and no building has beaten us yet.
"We didn't jump off the building after Virginia Tech, and after we won at Clemson we didn't wait to see if someone was going to present us with a trophy," Williams said. "We're going to work our butts off in practice [Sunday] and we may practice harder since we won."
Alex Stepheson, just another member of the heralded freshman class, said there was no panic over Wright and Ginyard being ill. Nope. If they're out, simply trot out who is next.
That'd be a pair of freshmen big men in Stepheson and Deon Thompson, who combined for 24 points and 12 boards. Do you think that makes up for Wright's 15.2 points and 6.4 points a game?
"Everyone thought we would struggle on the road since we're young and inexperienced," UNC sophomore forward Tyler Hansbrough said. "This says a lot about this team."
One thing that it spells out loud and clear is that this team isn't immature. Sure, in terms of class and age they are a bit on the younger side, but come on, it's not like this is a crew that is learning how to play together on the first day of practice. The Tar Heels are 19-2 and it's nearly February.
That's why the age thing isn't an excuse for Chase Budinger, either. Olson said his star freshman is no longer a freshman in the game sense. He said he might as well be a sophomore. Budinger was saddled with early foul trouble, making his first half a wash playing five minutes. Budinger finished with 16 points in 21 minutes and grabbed seven boards. He picked up two second-half fouls but didn't get his fifth.
"We were careless with the ball from the start," Budinger said. "Maybe we were nervous and had butterflies in our stomach I guess. We didn't come out playing our game."
That's the truth. There was one sequence where senior Ivan Radenovic blew consecutive front ends of one-and-one free-throw situations, then missed a layup and followed that with a turnover that became two points for the Tar Heels. So, that was eight points the Wildcats tossed away.
So far there has been no mention of Marcus Williams, fresh off a one-game suspension, turning his right ankle and playing only 20 minutes as a result (Olson said he expects he'll be OK for next week). Do you know why? Because Olson said it didn't have an affect on this game since it was already long lost from the opening tip. When a team shoots 1 for 23 on 3s (that's 4.3 percent) and commits 20 turnovers and is outscored 16-2 on fast-break points there is likely no shot they're going to beat this Carolina team.
"We've still got some big games, some opportunities to get back on the right track. But I don't want to take anything away from North Carolina. They played great."
-- Arizona's Mustafa Shakur
The reality is that Carolina showed Saturday it is easily one of the four best teams in the country, on track for a No. 1 seed in the NCAA Tournament. Arizona, though, seems to have lost its passion and purpose after looking so refined in handling UNLV, Illinois, Louisville, Houston and Memphis, Cal and Stanford during December and then outlasting Washington in Seattle to start the Pac-10. Since that game, the Wildcats are 2-5 with the lone wins being over Oregon State and Arizona State at home -- the two worst teams in the Pac-10.
As Stanford's twin towers Brook and Robin Lopez keep improving, and the Cardinal surge in the league to go along with UCLA, Oregon, Washington State and USC, the Wildcats are suddenly trying to climb out of a possible lower third group with Cal and Washington. The Wildcats aren't likely in danger of losing a bid just yet, but they're starting to head toward the difficult deep-seed range in the bracket if they don't start winning some significant games, beginning with next week's homestand against Washington State and Washington.
"We've still got some big games, some opportunities to get back on the right track," Arizona senior point guard Mustafa Shakur said. "But I don't want to take anything away from North Carolina. They played great."
Andy Katz is a senior writer at ESPN.com.


text:
A HEARTBROKEN mum, who lost her daughter to diabetes while she was waiting for organs to be donated, will meet MPs next week in a bid to encourage more people to sign up as donors.
Patricia Carroll's daughter, Natalie, died in hospital, aged 38, on New Year's Day, after a rapid deterioration in her health.
She had been diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes 30 years earlier.
The condition had already robbed her of her eyesight, and in 2009, she suffered kidney failure and became dependent on dialysis.
She was offered a donated pancreas and a kidney from her mum in 2010, but she was too ill to undergo the ninehour transplant procedure, meaning she had to wait until she was well enough and a new donor could be found.
However, on Christmas Day last year, she collapsed and stopped breathing and her life-support machine was switched off a week later.
According to her wishes, her organs were donated.
Patricia, 61, of Perry Way, Aveley, will travel to Parliament with Thurrock MP Jackie Doyle-Price next Wednesday to lobby MPs about organ donation, as well as highlighting a pilot scheme in Wales in which it will be assumed people wish to be donors, unless they opt out.
She said: "I want to encourage more people to join the donor register.
"For several years, I watched my daughter suffer – she was dying, slowly, before my eyes, but some good has come of all this suffering.
One of the heart valves Natalie donated was transplanted into a one-year-old girl, who was born with congenital heart problems, meaning she has received, from Natalie, the best gift of all – the gift of life."
It is Transplant Week next week and more details can be found online at www.transplantweek.co.uk

subset: commoncrawl


text:
EnICONic Photographer
JLelaniModel Female Los Angeles, California, US
Mayhem # 1137164
About Me
Hi my name is Jazmin and I recently moved back to LA. I cut my hair a few months ago and now I need to completely rebuild my portfolio. I'm also transitioning into becoming a DJ, so I need professional images. If anyone would like to do some test shoots with me that would be great! You can either contact me through MM or by email at email@example.com
Have you worked with JLelani? Add Credits for JLelani! >>
EnICONic Photographer
Enziario Toussaint Model
Shamar Benoit Photographer
Chris Blaski Photo Photographer
Blue Accent Studios Photographer
Robert warner Model
Loading Content


text:
Office Harem Ch. 01byGSMan©
With many thanks to sdbnnc for her help with editing.
It had been a difficult few months since my wife died. After the initial rallying round of the extended family, I got my daughter into a nursery near our home, and things were approaching a new normality, but that was about to change, unbeknownst to me.
Frances, one of the women from my office lived several stops further up the same railway line from my stop; we frequently got the train together. One Friday evening, although Frances couldn't leave the office when I did, she caught up with me just as I boarded the train. As she sat down next to me, her right hand resting on my right forearm, as she said, "Oh, I'm so glad I caught you -- I mean, this train," she said. "It's been such a busy week."
"Month-end reports again?"
"Yes," she replied. "And the Board papers as well!"
"No wonder you've had a hectic week. Still, at least it's the weekend, and you can relax now."
We chatted the rest of the journey to my station. Frances was very careful not to probe too deeply into how I was doing. Instead she concentrated her question on my daughter, and how she was getting on. As we pulled in to my station, I excused myself, got up and went to step into the aisle. Frances couldn't turn her legs to the side because too many other people were standing in the aisle. I squeezed past her and froze; I was certain, absolutely certain, that my bottom had been gently but deliberately stroked. I got out into the aisle, and said, "Cheerio!" to Frances. She kept a straight face, but then winked as she replied. I didn't know what to make of it.
On Monday evening, I was on the train before Frances. I put my suitcase on the seat next to me to keep it for her, as I'd seen her just a few people behind me in the queue. I had taken the seat at the aisle this time. Frances arrived and, as she went to move past me, the train jerked pulling away from the platform. Frances seemed to lose her balance, and landed in my lap. As she fell down, my hands grabbed her waist, and then slid upwards as she moved downwards. My left hand ended up touching the side of her left breast. I wasn't sure if the wiggle she gave on my lap before she slid across to her seat was deliberate or not. Either way, it meant that my hand pressed into her breast even more as her breasts jiggled.
"Sorry about that," we both said at the same time.
"It's ok," "It's alright," we both said together.
"It was an accident. Freak timing on the train moving," I said. "Don't worry about it."
"So, how was your weekend?" Frances asked.
The rest of the journey passed with small talk. Nothing untoward happened, though I noticed that Frances seemed to be touching me slightly more than usual. Just before I got off the train, her hand rested on my leg, and there was a deliberate and definite squeeze. "See you tomorrow," she said, as I got up to leave.
"Will do," was the only response I could make as my brain churned.
I probably should describe Frances; in her mid- to late 30's, about ten years older than I, and about 5' 5", she is a brunette with a shoulder length bob. Frances has a lovely smile, quite a thin nose, and an hourglass figure with breasts around 36E or even slightly larger. Following the births of her triplets, she had a slight tummy; her ass is rounded, reasonably broad in proportion with her chest. Her thighs are slim viewed from the front, and nice and broad viewed from the side. She always wears tight-fitting skirts and tops or dresses, with high-heeled shoes or boots. She is a sexy, mature woman.
On the way to my home, I couldn't help wondering what had just happened, what had possibly happened on Friday, and what it all might mean. I was confused. Still, at least looking after my daughter meant that I wouldn't worry over it all night.
In work the next morning, I was told that I needed to visit various construction sites over the next few weeks, and that I'd be out of the office a reasonable amount. I was to get a hire car the next day for the first visit on Thursday. I went to Reception to book the hire car, and found that Frances was there. Caroline, the usual receptionist, was off sick. It was slightly awkward, but I was leaving early, so I didn't see Frances on the train home.
On the Thursday, work went normally until my hire car arrived. Caroline was still off sick, so I collected the keys from Frances. They were in an envelope, which was unusual, but I didn't realise that it also contained a note until I got back to my desk;
"Duncan, I'm sorry that I've made you uncomfortable around me with my actions on the train recently. Can you give me a chance to explain? Can you give me a lift home tonight? Frances, X."
I really didn't know what was going on. I emailed Frances to say that I had her note, and that I could give her a lift home as my daughter was picked up by her aunt and given her dinner on Thursday nights, after which I picked her up and brought her home.
At the end of the day, I called at Frances' desk. I had to wait for about five minutes as she was speaking to the office director on the phone. When she was finished, we headed to the underground car park. I enjoyed watching her breasts jiggle as we walked down the stairs. Finding the car, we got in. I noticed a flash of creamy skin under her skirt; she obviously was wearing stockings. Once we drove out of the car park, Frances started to talk. We chatted as I drove onto the motorway.
Shortly after we got onto the motorway, whilst still conversing, Frances reached over and undid the fly on my trousers. She pulled my cock from my boxers and trousers, and leaned over to give me a blowjob. There was nothing I could do, except continue to drive the car. I have to confess that it was hugely exciting, having this beautiful, mature woman bobbing her head up and down, her moist lips surrounding my shaft and her tongue licking the head as I drove along the motorway. Eventually, we came to the junction for the road to the town that Frances lived in. The traffic lights were against us, so I had to stop, and finally was able to lift Frances' head from my cock.
"What was that for?" I asked. "Frances, what's going on?"
Frances looked down at her hands, clasped in her lap.
"It's Paul," she said. "I hardly see him these days, he's so busy working. When I do, we're more like friends than husband and wife."
"I see, at least, I think I do," I replied.
"I admire you so much for the way that you've coped since your wife died," Frances continued.
"It's been difficult; lonely at times, as well. I just have to get on with it for my daughter," I replied.
"I know. With hardly seeing Paul, I find it difficult looking after the triplets, but what else can I do?" Frances asked.
I replied, "Have you spoken to him about it? Told him how you feel?"
The traffic lights started to change as Frances responded; "I've tried, but it's like he doesn't want to know. I know you can't help me speak to him, I just want you in my bed." I was so shocked that I stalled the car.
"What?" I was incredulous. "But I can't. You're married!"
"I know, but these days, it seems as though I'm married in name only," Frances replied.
"You're really attractive, but I don't know. There's so much for you to lose, and it could get so complicated at work," I explained.
"Won't you at least think about it?" she asked.
"Of course, I will," I responded.
Our conversation moved on a bit, though haltingly at first. At one point, Frances' mobile phone rang with a call from her mother sayings wouldn't be able to take Frances' kids home as their car had broken down. Frances raised an inquiring eyebrow at me and, after I nodded in response, said that she would pick them up. After wrapping up the call, Frances said she'd explain me as a friend from work.
Once her children were in the car, she did so, although the kids didn't seem too concerned. I think Frances wanted to ensure everything looked innocent in case one of the kids mentioned the ride his Dad. As I dropped them off at Frances' house, she leaned back into the car, allowing me a last, lingering look at her cleavage. She invited me over for dinner the following evening when my daughter would be staying overnight with aunt. Once Frances added that her husband was away on business for the weekend, I accepted.
I struggled to maintain concentration on my regular tasks that night and through the next day on the construction site – not a safe place when one is not alert and focused on the job at hand! After arriving home, I quickly cleaned up and dressed, and then drove to Frances' house. I arrived just as her parents were picking up her children. I was introduced briefly, and Frances explained to her parents that, unfortunately, some of her other guests had cancelled. I discovered, after she waved goodbye to her kids and parents, and closed the front door behind her, that "some of the guests" really meant "all the other guests".
Frances got a drink for me; as she leaned over to place it on the coffee table, it was obvious that her breasts were unconfined by a bra. Her low-cut, loose fitting blouse drooped open, making her free-hanging breasts and reddish-brown nipples clearly visible.
As she stood up, Frances looked at me and asked, "Do you like?"
I responded, "Very much so. I look forward to seeing more of them later."
Frances sat in an armchair placed near the end of the sofa where I sat. I hadn't seen enough of her moving around to be sure she was wearing a thong, but I certainly hadn't seen any visible panty line despite her very tight skirt. Unfortunately, the tightness of the skirt had a downside -- I couldn't see very far up it! The view I had after she sat was exciting, though – the side slit of the skirt showed her silky stocking topped with lace.
Although the sexual tension between us was palpable, we chatted until Frances announced our dinner was ready. Frances had prepared a delicious, but light meal, to avoid inhibiting our activities later. Throughout dinner, Frances told me more about the increasing distance she felt with her husband. Frances made it clear she wanted a long-term affair and that she could ultimately leave her husband. Her version of the situation made me think Frances would have abandonment as grounds for divorce.
By the time dinner was over, despite having drunk over a bottle of wine (I thought she needed Dutch courage), Frances began clearing the table. I admired her buttocks as she walked into the kitchen and her breasts as she walked back in to the dining room. When she walked into the kitchen with the last dishes, I followed her. As she bent over to load them into dishwasher, I walked up behind her, and then reached round to cup her breasts through her flimsy top.
My cock already was stiffening; touching Frances' breasts accelerated the process. Frances pushed back against me, and my rock-solid cock pressed against her. I pulled the blouse out of her skirt, and slid my hands underneath it. With our first skin-to-skin contact, a shiver ran through Frances' body. With pressure from my hands, I encouraged Frances to stand so that I could remove her blouse as I turned her to face me. Her heavy, full, breasts rubbed against my chest, and I could feel her nipples standing out proudly as I drew her closer. As I started kissing her, Frances pressed her tongue past my lips, and French-kissed me. Ending the kiss, Frances dropped to her knees, unbuckled my belt, and undid my trousers. Frances placed a hand on either hip at my waist, and then gently and slowly pulled down my underwear and trousers, leaving them bunched around my ankles. After carefully cupping my testicles in her hands, Frances began giving me a blowjob. She was particularly expert at oral sex, varying her actions to bring me close to ejaculation, and then backing off to keep me on the edge.
"Lie down," I instructed.
Frances removed my cock from her mouth to ask, "Pardon?"
"Lie down on your back," I said.
Frances lay down on her back on the kitchen floor as I picked up a bottle of olive oil that was on the counter. Holding the bottle in both hands to warm it slightly, I sat astride her waist. I pushed breasts towards each other, and then dribbled oil into her cleavage. After I put the olive oil down on the floor, I gently rubbed the oil into the valley between her breasts, and up the slopes. Once I had smoothed the lubrication on completely, I leaned forward slightly to press her breasts around my rigid cock, the tip of which extended beyond her breasts, close to her mouth. I began to masturbate, using her breasts, feeling the occasional lick from her tongue against the cock head as my strokes lengthened. It didn't take me long to climax. Quickly releasing her breasts, I raised my cock to pump spurt after spurt of my cum onto Frances' face and neck.
As my orgasm subsided, my cock stayed hard. I helped Frances to her feet. She led me from the kitchen, with my cum dripping from her face down her onto her breasts, out to the conservatory. Once we were in the conservatory, I whispered for her to get down onto her hands and knees. Frances quickly complied, and I knelt behind her before sliding my cock effortlessly into her extremely moist pussy. As I reached the full depth of Frances' pussy, my cock head thrust against her cervix. The impact of my penetration caused her breasts to swing, attracting my attention despite the warm clutching that was exciting my cock. I took hold of Frances' breasts, squeezing them to the rhythm of my cock pumping into and out of her pussy.
My prior ejaculation delayed my second release so that I easily brought Frances to multiple orgasms. After her fourth climax, Frances said she could barely take any more. I brought her to a fifth climax and, as the orgasm hit her, I slid my thumb into her anus. She seemed not to notice, so I replaced it with a couple of my fingers, working them in and out of her, stretching her sphincter. Frances later told me that was the first time anything had penetrated her ass, that she now had a desire for more.
We were both pretty well exhausted after the evening's activities, so we agreed I would head home instead of staying the night. We also agreed this would be only the first time we would have together, although we'd have to be discrete at the office.
Pt. 1, Ch. 2, coming soon
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- Recent
There are no recent comments (6 older comments) - Click here to add a comment to this story or Show more comments or Read All User Comments (6)
- Add a
- Send
Send private anonymous feedback to the author (click here to post a public comment instead).


text:
Nueroregenesis™ is the treatment of choice for people that want to better themselves. You enhance the brain with stem cells and by doing that you enhance the body as a whole.
From a therapeutic point of view, immunomodulation refers to any process in which an immune response is altered to a desired level. Currently we have developed protocols to treat several diseases.
NOW NEW CUTTING EDGE Treatment Is Available In USA. We Now Have A New Program For Neuro Degenerative Diseases Such As: Dementia, Parkinson's And Stroke, Utilizing Stem Cells To Improve And Reverse The Debilitating Symptoms Caused By These Diseases.
Are you having visual problems? Have you been diagnosed with Macular Degeneration, Diabetic Retinopathy or Retinitis Pigmentosa? Or is your vision getting weaker as you are getting older? If yes, now there may be a way to improve the eyesight whether it is due to natural aging process or due to disease, with Stem Cells.
Recent research in the advancement of adult stem cell therapy has shown that restoration of damaged cells through this treatment is possible. This breakthrough in regenerative medicine shines a light of hope on those battling this degenerative disease.
Anatomy Of A Hip Joint
Anatomy Of A Knee Joint
Anatomy Of A Shoulder Joint
Case Studies
Video Log
Lupus is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease. There are three common types of lupus.


text:
Police investigating the murder of a father shot dead during Croydon's riots have interviewed more than 600 people as they hunt for his killers, an inquest has heard.
Trevor Ellis, 26, died after being shot in the head following a high-speed car chase while looters rampaged through the town on August 8, 2011.
The police officer leading the investigation yesterday said police were no closer to learning who killed the Brixton dad-of-four in Duppas Hill Road.
Detective Inspector Alison Hepworth told Croydon Coroners' Court: "Six-hundred people have been interviewed and we have made extensive CCTV inquiries, but it was a night of unprecedented violence in Croydon, so a lot of CCTV was directed that way.
"What we need is for someone to come forward."
Coroner Roy Palmer recorded a verdict of unlawful killing after Det Ins Hepworth said she was certain the killing - in which a black man approached Mr Ellis's car, which was boxed in, and shot him from three or four metres away - could not have been an accident.
Dr Palmer said: "The hope is that one day some one will come forward but at the moment there is no prospect of that."
Speaking after the inquest, Mr Ellis's sister branded a witness - a friend of her brother - who could hold the key to solving the murder a "coward" after he stopped co-operating with police.
T-Boss Ellis Senior, 45, said: "If people know something and are not coming forward, well, I just hope the same thing wouldn't happen if it was their family.
"Some people might say it's fear stopping people from talking, but I call it cowardice."
Of the inquest, she said: "This feels final now, like the end, but it is not. There is nothing more we can do but we know the police will not stop."


text:
View Cart
Autogeek.net – At Autogeek, We are car care! Autogeek has the best car wax, car care products, and auto detailing supplies to give your vehicle the perfect show winning shine. Auto Detailing Clay Bar, Porter Cable 7424 and more.
Autogeek Car Care Home
AutoGeek best Car wax, Car Care Products, Auto Detailing Supplies Forum
Detailing How-To
Customer Service
Contact Us
Price Match Policy
My Account
Search Autogeek
Shop By Brand
-- Select --
BLACKFIRE Car Care Products
Pinnacle Natural Brilliance
Pinnacle Black Label Collection
Wolfgang Concours-Series Car Care
Marine 31 - Waxes, Cleaners & Polishes
SONAX Car Care
Speed Master Wheel Brush
Microfiber Products
303 Products
3D Professional Detailing Products
3M Automotive Appearance Car Care Products
Absorber XL Drying Towel
Accutire Tire Pressure Gauges
Altec License Plate Frames
Amazing Roll-Off
Aquapel Glass Care
Autobahn Wall Mount 5.0 HP Garage Vacuum
Autogeek Gear
Autogeek Rebel Auto Detailing Supply Carts
Autogeek Pro Shop
Battery Tender
Better Life Technology Garage Floor Cover/Protectors
Black Again
BLACKFIRE Car Care Products
Black Nitrile Gloves
Black WOW Trim Restorer Products
Boyd Coddington Detail Garage Products
Britemax Professional Detailing Products
Buff and Shine Buffing Pads
BumperSkinz Crystal Clear Bumper Protection
California Car Care Products
Canine Covers
CarPro Innovative Nano Coats
Carrand Detailing Tools
Chemical Guys Car Care Products
Clean Air® High Performance Air Quality Products
Collinite Car Wax Products
Connolly Hide Care Leather Products
CTEK Battery Chargers
Custom UVS Heat Shield
CR Spotless Water Deionization Systems
Cyclo Orbital Polisher & Accessories
Dakota Odor Eliminator Products
Dash Mat Dashboard Covers
DeFelsko® Electronic Paint Thickness Gauges
Dewalt Polishers & Buffers
Dodo Juice Carnauba Car Waxes
Detailer's Helper Detailing Belt
Dr. Beasley's Car Care
Dr. ColorChip Paint Chip Repair Systems
Dupray Steam Cleaners
Duragloss Car Care Products
Eclipse Retractable Windshield Sun Shade
Eurosport Daytona License Plates and Accessories
EZ Detail Motorcycle Brush
Finish Kare
FLEX Polishers
Flitz Metal Polish, Fiberglass & Paint Restorer
Foam Wash Gun
Foam Cannon HP - Pressure Washer Cannon
Four Star Ultimate Car Care Products
On Sale!
Forever Black™ Bumper & Trim Products
Gel Coat Labs Boat Care
Glass Master Pro Glass and Surface Cleaner
Griots Garage Car Care for the Perfectionist
Grit Guard
GTechniq Exterior Coatings
GYEON Car Care
How to Start a Home-based Car Detailing Business
Hyde's Serum Rust Stopper 500 ml.
Ice Master Ice Scraper
Innovative Accessory Products
Jay Lenos Garage Advanced Vehicle Care
Jescar Finishing Products
Klasse Sealant Products
Kozak® Auto Dry Wash
Kreepstool Rolling Utility Seat by 4tek
Kurgo Products
Kwazar Mercury Pro + Double-Action Spray Bottles
Laitner Brush Company
Lake Country Buffing Pads
Leather Master Leather Care Products
Leatherique Leather Care
Lexol Leather Care
Life Hammer Auto Escape Tools
Lloyd Floor Mats
Makita Buffers & Polishers
Marine 31 - Waxes, Cleaners & Polishes
McKee's 37 Waxes, Compounds, Coatings
McKee's RV Waxes, Cleaners & Polishes
Meguiars Car Care Products
Menzerna Polishing Compounds
Metropolitan Vacuum Cleaner Company
Micro-Restore Detergent
Microfiber Products
MIRKA Sanding Discs
Montana Original Boar's Hair Car Wash Brushes
Mothers Polish-Wax-Cleaners
Mytee Hot Water Extractors & Professional Detailing Tools
Nanoskin Car Care Products
Nextzett Car Care Products
NOCO Genius Battery Chargers
Optimum Polymer Technologies
P21S Auto Care Products
Park Smart Garage Mats & Floor Covers
PennGrade 1 High Performance Motor Oil
Pinnacle Natural Brilliance
PitStop Racing Inspired Office Furniture
Polycharger Wax Booster
Poorboys World Polishing & Detailing Products
Porter Cable 7424XP Polisher & Buffers
Prima Car Care
RACEDECK Garage Floors
Race Ramps Vehicle Ramps
RaggTopp Convertible Top Care
RejeX by Corrosion Technologies Corporation
Res-Q-Me Auto Escape Tools
RUPES Polishers
S100 Motorcycle Care Products
SCANGRIP Detailing Lights
Shop-Vac - The Original Wet/Dry Vac
Shurhold Marine, RV & Car Care
Smart Pads™ Professional Foam Pads
SM Arnold Interior Surface Refinishers
Auto SNOBRuM Snow Removal Tool
Solution Finish Black Plastic & Vinyl Restorer
Sonus Detailing Products
Speed Master Wheel Brush
Speedy Surface Prep Towel
SprayMaster Heavy Duty Spray Bottle 32 oz
Sprayway Aerosol Auto Detailing Products
Stoner Car Care Products
Surbuf MicroFingers R Series Buffing Pads
Tornado Taskforce Wall Mount Vacuum
Tornador Car Cleaning Tools & Air Foamer
The Belt - An Auto Detailing Organizer
TUF SHINE Appearance Products
Ultima Car Care
Vapamore Steam Cleaners
Vapor Chief Steam Cleaners
Water Sprite Plus® Chamois 4 sq. Feet
WeatherTech Automotive Accessories
Wenol Metal Polishes
Wheel Wax
Wheel Woolies Car Detailing Brushes
Wolfgang Concours-Series Car Care
Wolfgang MetallWerk Aluminum Polishing System
Wolfsteins Pro Series Convertible Top Products
Wurth Car Care Products
XPEL Headlight Protection Film Kit
Gift Certificates
German Car Care Products
Boat & RV Detailing Supplies
Motorcycle Products
Shop By Brand
Poorboys World Polishing & Detailing Products
All Poorboy's World Detailing Products
> Poorboys World Polish with Sealant
Poorboys World Polish with Sealant
The wait is over for Poorboys very own all-in-one polish and sealant!
Poorboys Polish with Sealant gives you the protection and polishing power of a premium all-in-one product without the tough buffing or the price! Remove minor paint imperfections, enhance gloss, and apply a durable layer of polymer protection in the time it takes to apply a coat of wax.
Poorboys Polish with Sealant works like all-in-one products you've used before but better and more easily. PWS removes fine scratches, swirls, and haze when used with a polisher like the very best polish. Meanwhile, it leaves a layer of durable sealant on the paint.
This sounds like your average all-in-one product but, remember, this is by Poorboys.
Poorboys Polish with Sealant wipes on and off with unbelievable ease and the shine it leaves behind is on the same level as Poorboys EX-P.
Use it in the sun, the shade – it doesn't matter. Poorboys Polish With Sealant is a pleasure to use, not just because its easy, but because it gives excellent results.
Poorboys Polish with Sealant works as a light swirl remover and polish when applied by machine.
Swirls, fine scratches, and haze will disappear to reveal clean, smooth paint. Used by hand, Poorboys Polish with Sealant works as a glaze, removing lighter imperfections and enhancing gloss.
Poorboys Polish with Sealant buffs off with very little effort and leaves behind a deep shine and long-lasting synthetic protection.
If you prefer, top Poorboys PWS with a carnauba wax.
There's no need to let the sealant cure before applying wax on top of it.
Since Poorboys Polish with Sealant is a polish and sealant in one, we suggest using a polishing pad to apply it with your
Porter Cable 7424XP
or other buffer. The pad has enough density to assist with smoothing the paint but no real cutting ability. Use a
Cobra Microfiber Bonnet
over a lambswool pad for removal or buff by hand with a
Cobra Miracle Towel
. Stop there or top the paint with
Natty's Paste Wax
to amp up the shine.
You're going to love the speed and effectiveness of Poorboys Polish with Sealant. Professional detailers and hobbyists alike will save time, save money, and still get the kind of results you'd expect from a top quality all-in-one product.
16 oz.
Poorboys World Polish with Sealant
Write a Review
Item #:
Our Price:
Usually ships the same business day
Enter Quantity:
Porter Cable 7424XP & CCS Pad Kit - Choose Your Pads!
Retail Value: $258.56
Our Price:
Miracle Towel, 16 x 24 inches
Pinnacle XMT Intermediate Swirl Remover Complete Kit
with FREE BONUS
Retail Value: $120.40
Our Price:
Related Items In This Category
Poorboy's World Polish & Protect Kit
Poorboy's World Porter Cable 7424XP Polish & Protect Kit
Poorboy's World Professional Wheel and Tire Kit
Poorboy's World Super Swirl Removers Sample Kit
Poorboy's World Dark Paint Perfection Kit
Poorboys Bird Bomb Removal Kit
Poorboys Wash Bucket Kit
Poorboy's World Black Hole Show Glaze for Dark Vehicles 16 oz.
Poorboy's World Black Hole Show Glaze for Dark Vehicles 32 oz.
Poorboy's World Black Hole Show Glaze for Dark Vehicles 128 oz.
Poorboy's World White Diamond Show Glaze for Light Vehicles
Poorboy's World Chrome Polish
Poorboy's World Aluminum & Metal Heavy Duty Polish
Poorboy's World Clay & Lube Combo
Poorboy's World Bird Sh#t Remover 16 oz.
Poorboy's World Quick Detailer PLUS QD+ 16 oz.
Poorboy's World Quick Detailer PLUS 128 oz.
Poorboys World Leather Stuff
Poorboy's World Glass Cleaner 16 oz.
Poorboy's World Glass Cleaner 128 oz.
Poorboy's World Carpet & Upholstery Cleaner
Poorboy's World Enzyme Stain & Odor Remover
Poorboy's World Typhoon Microfiber Cleaner
Poorboy's World Typhoon Microfiber Cleaner 128 oz.
Poorboy's World Iron Remover 16 oz.
Poorboy's World Iron Remover 32 oz.
Poorboy's World Iron Remover 128 oz.
Poorboy's World Super Slick & Foam 16 oz.
Poorboy's World Super Slick & Foam 32 oz.
Poorboy's World Super Slick & Foam 128 oz.
Poorboys Super Slick & Wax Car Shampoo 16 oz.
Poorboys Super Slick & Wax Car Shampoo 32 oz.
Poorboys Super Slick & Wax Car Shampoo 128 oz.
Poorboy's World Super Slick & Suds Concentrated Car Wash 32 oz.
Poorboy's World Super Slick & Suds Concentrated Car Wash 1 Gallon
Poorboys Natty's Black Paste Wax 8 oz.
Limited Edition
Poorboys World Natty's Paste Wax Red
Poorboys Liquid Natty's Red 16 oz.
Poorboy's World Natty's Paste Wax – BLUE
Poorboy's World Liquid Natty's Blue Wax 16 oz.
Poorboy's World Natty's Paste Wax
Poorboy's World Wheel Sealant
| Poorboys World Polish with Sealant |
Poorboy's World Spray & Wipe Waterless Wash 16 oz.
Poorboy's World Waterless Wash 32 oz. Refill
Poorboy's World Waterless Wash 1 gal. Refill
Poorboy's World Spray & Gloss 16 oz.
Poorboy's World Spray & Gloss 128 oz. Refill
Poorboy's World Swirl Removers
Poorboy's World Tornado Pad Cleaner
Poorboy's World SSR1 Light Abrasive Swirl Remover 16 oz.
Poorboy's World SSR 2.5 Medium Super Swirl Remover 16 oz
Poorboy's World Professional Polish
Poorboy's World Polish with Carnauba (BLUE) 16 oz.
Poorboy's World Polish with 100% Carnauba 16 oz.
Poorboy's World EX Sealant with Carnauba
Poorboy's World EX-P Pure Sealant 16 oz.
Poorboy's World Natural Look Dressing 16 oz.
Poorboy's World Natural Look Dressing 32 oz. Refill
Poorboy's World Bug Squash 16 oz.
Poorboy's World Bug Squash 32 oz. Refill
Poorboy's World Trim Restorer 16 oz.
Poorboy's World Bold N Bright Tire Dressing
Poorboy's World Bold N Bright Tire Dressing 128 oz. Refill
Poorboy's World Bold 'N Bright Tire Dressing Gel 16 oz.
Poorboy's World Bold 'N Bright Tire Dressing Gel 32 oz.
Poorboy's World Bold 'N Bright Tire Dressing Gel 128 oz.
Poorboy's World Spray and Rinse Wheel Cleaner 32 oz.
Poorboy's World Spray and Rinse Wheel Cleaner 1 Gallon
Poorboy's World Bio-Degradable All Purpose Cleaner and Degreaser 32 oz.
Poorboy's World Bug Squash 128 oz.
Poorboy's World Air Freshener 16 oz. - Strawberry
Poorboy's World Air Freshener 16 oz. - Leather
Poorboy's World Air Freshener 16 oz. - Pina Colada
Poorboy's World Air Freshener 16 oz. - Vanilla
Poorboy's World Refill Sprayer
Poorboy's Waffle Weave Drying Towel, 24 x 36
Buy One, Get One Free!
Poorboy's Waffle Weave Drying Towel, 24 x 36 – 2 Pack
Poorboy's Mesh Bug Microfiber, 12 x 12 inches
Poorboy's Mesh Bug Microfiber, 12 x 12 inches – 3 Pack
Poorboy's Mesh Bug Microfiber, 12 x 12 inches – 6 Pack
Poorboys World Polish with Sealant
Stars based on
Dennis C
Shrewsbury MA
5 Stars
I would recommend this item to a friend.
Works great
August 2, 2016
Worked great on a black truck with minor scratches and dirty paint. Two months later the sealant is still looking great and working. Cleaner wax cannot compare.
Easy to use Worked well w/ random orbital buffer w/ cotton pad Lasts a long time. One step clean and seal Perfect for everyday driver, replace cleaner wax
Rob Fozney
5 Stars
I would recommend this item to a friend.
Excellent All-in-One Product
May 16, 2016
This product is super! I used it by hand and with my random orbital polisher. Goes on easy, comes off easy. Removes haze and makes the paint looks awesome. Also lasts a long time.
5 Stars
I would recommend this item to a friend.
Easy to Use, Even in the sun
April 14, 2015
Just applied Poorboy's PwS to my cars and it was a very easy on/easy off application. Even hand applying, it took virtually no time at all and definitely increased the shine on a new car (2014 - Silver) and an older, slightly neglected car (2003 - Blue). It worked well on both the dark and light color. Additionally it has a pleasant scent. The only potential negative is that although Poorboy's markets this as an AIO, it really isn't great for glass as a hydrophobic coating. I tried that and got a little rain today, but even driving 40-45, the drops weren't beading/running off the windshield.
Can be used in sunlight Easy on, easy offf
Not a true AIO - didn't work great on glass as a hydrophobic coating.
Los Angeles
4 Stars
I would recommend this item to a friend.
Awesome Product
March 10, 2015
Awesome for the amateur car detailer. There were some scratches that this product plus an orange pad and PC 7424XP could not remove. Good to remove most of the swirls in 2-3 passes with the PC.
Quick and easy Wipes off easy
Could not take out scratches just swirls.
Eastern PA
5 Stars
I would recommend this item to a friend.
Great for dark paint
December 19, 2014
I like to use this for dark paint like my black Honda Accord. The PB Polish with Sealant is very quick to use with a white or black pad on a PC. It wipes down easily and if you want to layer I'm sure you can. I would use this on cars tat have a good finish and use it mostly for removing towel makes etc. I assume something heavier would be needed for deeper imperfection removal.
Nice and easy, quick with random orbital and white or black pad.
Charlotte, North Carolina
5 Stars
I would recommend this item to a friend.
Favorite polish/sealant.
September 6, 2014
I am a professional mobile detailer. Poorboy's World Polish with Sealant is my go-to finishing product for most of my vehicle details. This product has great cleaning ability (I use it with a white pad on my DA polisher, working at the 3-4 speed setting), and provides the added protection of a polymer sealant that these vehicles need. Equally as important is its ease of use in direct sunlight, as all of my work is done outside at office buildings or in driveways. I highly recommend this product! Hopefully autogeek will start selling this by the gallon!
5 Stars
Great AIO
October 9, 2013
I use this and Blackfire Total Pooish and Seal for 1 step products. Smells great and can be used in sun. Also nice that the polymers set up quickly for layering. Can't go wrong with this one.
5 Stars
Great Product
July 2, 2012
I used this product on a black 2010 Acura TSX and it gave me phenomenal results. It filled in the little bit of swirls that were on the paint, and left a very nice glossy finish. Ease of use is incredible, and the working time is very minimal. Another great product from Poorboy's!
5 Stars
Solid Product
December 29, 2011
Best 1-step product I've came across. Removes everything you would expect it to. Leaves the vehicle very glossy. Comes off just as easy as the other Poorboys Products.
5 Stars
Best AIO so far
November 9, 2011
After using this product twice. I have come to the conclusion that it is the best AIO I have used so far. It seems to be a very pad dependent product. More aggressive pad, more cut, less aggressive pad, less cut. Really looking forward to see what the durability is like. Poorboy's did a good job with this product.
5 Stars
December 8, 2010
This ia a very good product. It does everything it says and more, Goes on easy and removes easy. Great shine and makes the paint look nice and clean and does very well on dark colors. I would for sure use this again.
5 Stars
Very good product
May 15, 2010
Looks 100% perfect. Goes on easy, wipes off easy.doesn't fade for a long time. Its great because the polish will hide minor paint blemishes and then it will seal it all in one. Would recommend a carnauba wax ontop. Thats how i do it,
5 Stars
April 23, 2007
Simply a great product. Super easy to use and produces great results. One of the best AIOs on the market.
Mike T
5 Stars
The BOMB!
April 22, 2007
Another great Poorboys product. Works great on just about any kinda surface. It is pad Dependant. I highly recommend you pick up a bottle. Easy on/off doesn't stain trim, it actually cleans it up.
Shop By Brand
What's New
Special Values
Car Care Kits
Car Wax & Sealants
Exterior Car Care
Interior Car Care
Porter Cable 7424 XP
Car Buffers, Polishers & Pads
FLEX Polishers
RUPES Polishers
Free Car Care Samples
Car Care Products
Headlight Lens Care Products
Convertible Top Care
Auto Detailing Tools
Microfiber Products
Buy One, Get One Free!
Autogeek Gear
Buy in Bulk or Case Lots
Boat, RV & Motorcycle Care
Pet Travel Accessories
Car Covers
Car Seat Covers
Auto Accessories
Car Sun Shades
Floor Mats
License Plates & Frames
Garage Accessories
Autogeek As Seen On TV
Mike Phillips Competition Ready Detailing Classes
Autogeek's 2 Day Roadshow Detailing Classes
Autogeek Racing - Bruno Massel
Autogeek's Show Car Garage
Auto Detailing Facts, Tips & Tricks
Dual Action Orbital Polishing Guide
Download & View Our Car Care Handbooks & Videos Here!
Customer Comments & Reviews
register for an account
View Wishlist
Sign Up Today to start receiving our Newsletter
Gift Certificates
About Autogeek
Customer Service
Affiliate program
Site Map
View Shopping Cart
© 2017 Autogeek.com
- We Are Car Care ™


text:
Skip to main content
If your kids go batty for Batman or are star struck over Star Wars, then our Family HQ is the place for you. New York Comic Con is proud to be a family-friendly event. At the Show, we have a special area dedicated to families known as Family HQ, where kids can join in our hands-on workshops, interactive classes and entertaining performances.
During NYCC 2016, kids of all ages scored ten points for Gryffindor as they played along with Scholastic in Harry Potter trivia. Everyone's favorite crime-biting canine, Dog Man, stopped by for Photo Appearance. Woof! And everyone's inner child came out as they lined up for free face painting, inspired by their favorite superheroes, all thanks to Snazarro.
Like Batdad, you too can be their hero, by bringing the whole family out to Family HQ. Stay tuned to find out what's in store for both kids and parents at NYCC 2017.
Sponsors & Friends of the Show
We use cookies to operate this website and to improve its usability. Full details of what cookies are, why we use them and how you can manage them can be found by reading our Privacy & Cookies page. Please note that by using this site you are consenting to the use of cookies.


text:
Institute of Archaeology
- Home
- News and Events
- Study Here
- Research
- People
- Staff
- Academic and Research
- Professional Support
- Centre for Applied Archaeology
- Emeritus
- Honorary
- Justine Bayley
- Andrew Burnett
- Paul Burtenshaw
- Anna Clement
- James Doeser
- Stuart Eve
- John Giblin
- Margarita Gleba
- Peter Gould
- Jackie Keily
- Gianluca Miniaci
- Juanita Saenz Samper
- Christopher Scull
- Anne Teather
- Lucy Trench
- Eliott Wragg
- Barbara Yorke
- Jesús Fernández Fernández
- Anne Best
- Dieter Brems
- Trinidad Rico
- Robert Ixer
- Gassia Artin
- Cary Martin
- Research students
- Affiliate academics
- Staff
- About
- Contact
- Intranet
- Dr Xiuzhen Li
- Honorary Senior Research Associate
- firstname.lastname@example.com
- UCL Institute of Archaeology, 31-34 Gordon Square, London WC1H 0PY UK
Xiuzhen Li
Xiuzhen has extensive experience in field archaeology, including the excavation and the survey of three pits within the Qin Terracotta Army site, as well as other sites in China and the UK. As curator from the Chinese party, she organised several Terracotta Warriors' exhibitions, including the First Emperor Exhibition at the British Museum.
She currently works as a Senior Archaeologist in the Emperor Qin Shihuang's Mausoleum Site Museum, leading archaeological excavations and international cooperative research projects.
She is also involved in the Imperial Logistics: The Making of the Terracotta Army project which is being carried out between the Emperor Qin Shihuang's Mausoleum Site Museum and UCL Institute of Archaeology. This project focuses on the large quantity of bronze weapons that equipped the Qin Terracotta Army, using multi-disciplinary methods in order to understand the standardisation and labour organisation employed in the workshop processes; the casting and finishing technologies employed by artisans; and the further transportation and arrangement of these weapons within the pits of the Terracotta Warriors which protect the Qin First Emperor in the after-life. The project was adopted by the British Academy in 2012 as an "Academy Research Project", in recognition of "the excellence of its scholarship, and the promise and excitement of its programmes."
Research Interests
- Chinese archaeology, especially the Qin Terracotta Army
- Archaeological science, material analysis
- Multi-disciplinary methods, statistical and spatial methods
- Standardisation and labour organisation employed during the manufacture of the Qin Terracotta Warriors
- Using Scanning Electron Microscopy to study tool marks
- Bronze weapons
- Museum exhibitions
Research Publications
Retrieving data...


text:
Preliminary levy set, budget gap narrows
Goodhue County Board set the preliminary 2014 property tax levy at $27.4 million, an increase of 1.72 percent. Even with the maximum levy increase allowed by the state, the county faces a $260,000 budget shortfall next year.
The motion passed 3-2 at a meeting Tuesday, with Commissioners Ted Seifert and Ron Allen voting against it.
Board members acknowledged something would have to be done to get county finances in line, but had differing opinions on exactly what that would look like.
"We need a new approach because next year is not going to be any better than this year," Seifert said.
Commissioner Jim Bryant said he agreed with Seifert, but encouraged him not to wait until the end of the year to bring new ideas forward.
"Instead of just waiting for the preliminary (levy) hearing to do that, be the person who brings that new approach," Bryant said.
Following Seifert and Allen's no votes, Bryant further voiced frustration over what he sees as the commissioners' willingness to approve projects but hesitation when it comes time to fund them.
"You just can't do that," he said. "I don't know why you do that."
Allen said he would be willing to freeze increased spending for outside agencies if necessary.
"Remember this is preliminary," said Commissioner Dan Rechtzigel, bringing the debate to a close. "We can have many more of these discussions all fall long."
The 2014 county budget is around $62.5 million, including $8.4 million in highway construction bonds, according to a staff report.
The county would need a levy increase of 2.68 percent over the 2013 amount to balance the budget, but Minnesota statute limits the increase to 1.72 percent, or $462,355, said Andrea Benck, county administrative assistant.
"We're not where we need to be yet," Benck said. "We still have to make some cuts."
County staff originally presented a budget gap of more than $500,000 at a workshop Aug. 20, but it was since reduced by around $300,000, County Administrator Scott Arneson said.
The savings were thanks to updated revenue calculations, staffing changes in the Health and Human Services department and removing a new position planned for Public Works.
Arneson said staff will continue to revise 2014 revenue figures and work with the county management team to find ways to cut spending in the coming weeks.
A Committee of the Whole discussion prior to the levy vote included the possibility of using insurance dividends and the newly approved county wheelage tax to help close the budget gap.
Staff said it expects to receive some money back from the Minnesota Counties Intergovernmental Trust, which handles the county's casualty, property and workers' compensation insurance.
The MCIT fund balance could be used for a couple of one-time information technology purchases that would cut $60,000 from the 2014 budget.
Allen further suggested allocating around half of the estimated $450,000 wheelage tax revenue expected next year to help pay down county debt.
Finance Director Carolyn Holmsten said that would be a viable option for County Board to explore, but cautioned commissioners that it is still unclear how to county will receive money from the tax — which is collected by the state and doled out to counties monthly — and what the final amount will be.
Committee of the Whole meetings are planned for October to continue discussion of how to use the MCIT fund balance and wheelage tax revenue.
County Board has until Dec. 28 to certify the final levy amount.


text:
World Cup Eats: Go Team USA!by rmehta in View All Posts, June 25th, 2010
Run with the ball, because even if you aren't a soccer fan, you can't avoid World Cup fever. Go team USA! When Landon Donovan scored in the final minute against Algeria this past week, the overwhelming vuvuzelas never sounded so sweet. Can you say GOOOOOOOOOAL?!
When you tune in to the USA vs Ghana game Saturday have fast summer-stunner eats on hand. Each takes less than 20 minutes to prep; I'd suggest keeping your appetizers simple and fun so as not to distract from the screaming, high-fiving and even fist pumping.
To increase Team USA's odds welcome your guests with Rachael's Lucky 7 Layer Dip or one of Food Network's other crowd-winning dips. Party it up with Giada's Prosciutto-Wrapped Crudite for a mix of fresh summer veggies. And go for the goal with Bobby's Grilled Flatbread with Asparagus Pesto! You can always rely on your guests to bring a classic six-pack but in case you want to up the World Cup ante let them wash everything down with Ina's luscious Long Island Iced Tea.
What will you be munching on while watching the World Cup?


text:
Ricky Ponting fired an ominous Ashes warning after the NatWest Challenge decider by saying Australia were hitting their straps at the right time.
The Australians thumped England by eight wickets at The Oval, chasing down 229 with 15.1 overs left.
"We have played some really good cricket in the last couple of games.
"Things were not good early on but we have really clicked into gear in the last couple of days," said Ponting after his side's comprehensive win.
"We knew we needed to win and we have played our best when it mattered."
Ponting backed under-fire paceman Jason Gillespie, who has endured a difficult start to the tour but hit back with figures of 3-44.
"He had a lean trot coming into this game but we showed good faith and he backed us up today," Ponting said.
Adam Gilchrist was at his belligerent best at The Oval, blazing 121 off 101 balls to register his 11th one-day ton.
He said: "It was a nice wicket. It was handy to be able to use the little that was in it this morning and put them under pressure.
"I've had a lot of starts. I've been doing the job for the team for half an hour but not going on with it.
"It's been a couple of years since my last one-day hundred, so to get to three figures is pleasing.
"It's been a slow start. We copped a pasting early on and off the field but we knew if we could get our game right we would be successful."
Australia play a three-day game against Leicestershire starting on Friday as preparation for the Ashes, which starts at Lord's on 21 July.


text:
Degenerative Disc Disease
Original Editor - Amanda E Davidson and Colby Boers, Lisa Pernet
Top Contributors - Lisa Pernet, Gaëlle Vertriest, Vanbeylen Antoine, Amanda E Davidson and Garima Gedamkar
- 1 Search Strategy
- 2 Definition/Description
- 3 Clinically Relevant Anatomy
- 4 Epidemiology /Etiology
- 5 Characteristics/Clinical Presentation
- 6 Differential Diagnosis
- 7 Diagnostic Procedures
- 8 Outcome Measures
- 9 Examination
- 10 Medical management
- 11 Physical management
- 12 Resources
- 13 Clinical Bottom Line
- 14 Recent Related Research (from Pubmed)
- 15 References
Search Strategy
Internet is a gigantic source of knowledge. Databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, PEDro or Google Scholar can be useful. Use keywords as 'Degenerative Disc Disease', Lumbar Disc Disease, exercise therapy degenerative disc, discogenic pain, etc. For specific information you can use 'AND' and add 'physical therapy', 'characteristics', 'definition', 'treatment', depending of the need. To find an appropriate physical therapy the use of books is recommended.
Degenerative disc disease (DDD) is a process in which the intervertebral discs, which provide cushioning between the vertebra of the spine, lose height and hydration. When this occurs, the intervertebral discs are unable to fulfill their primary functions: cushioning and providing mobility between the vertebrae.
Although the exact cause of DDD is unknown, it is thought to be associated with the aging process during which the intervertebral discs become dry, lose elasticity, and collapse. Furthermore a degenerative disc disease may develop at any level of the spine, but is most common in the cervical and lower lumbar sections of the spine.[1][2][3]
Clinically Relevant Anatomy
Lumbar DDD is a condition that can imply lower back pain, this results from the co-existence of two different time scales: on one hand the slow dynamics of disc degeneration and on the other hand the fast dynamics of pain recurrence. [4]
Lumbar DDD can also imply radiating pain from damaged discs in the spine. A lumbar spinal disc acts as a shock absorber between two vertebrae and allows the joints and the spine to move easily. The outer portion, the annulus fibrosis, contains the soft inner core of the disc, the nucleus pulposus. Each person's spinal discs undergo degenerative changes as they age. But not all people will notice symptoms as a result of these changes. One of the ways DDD causes pain is through inflammation of the nerves. When the outer portion of the disc breaks, the inner part can leak out, releasing proteins that can irritate the nerves surrounding from the disc. Another cause is when degenerated discs can't properly absorb stress. Leading to abnormal movement around the vertebral segment. Back muscles will hereby spasm painfully in order to stabilize the spine. In some cases the segment may collaps so a nerve root gets compressed, leading to radiculopathy. the pain from DDD often goes away with time because the inflammatory proteins will disappear and the disc collaps in a stable position. [5]
Intervertebral Discs
Dengenerative Disc Disease (DDD) is thought to begin with changes to the annulus fibrosis, intervertebral disc, and subchondral bone. The process of degeneration is divided into three classifications including: early dysfunction, intermediate instability, and final stabilization.
Early dysfunction is the classifed as the beginning of degenerative changes which can occur as early as 20 years. Intermediate instability is classified by a loosening of the annulus fibrosis, which can cause back pain. Fibrosis to the posterior structure and formation of osteophytes denotes the final stabilization classification. Pain decreases, and motion descreases. [6]
Epidemiology /Etiology
Degenerative disc disease refers to a condition in which the involved disc causes LBP. Lumbar degenerative disc disease is usually the result of a twisting injury to the lower back, such as when a person swings a golf club or rotates to put an object on a surface to the side of or behind them.[7]
The pain is also frequently caused by simple wear and tear on the spine and comes with the general aging process.
Degenerative disc disease is fairly common, and it is estimated that at least 30% of people aged 30-50 years old will have some degree of disc space degeneration, although not all will have pain or ever receive a formal diagnosis.[7]
The process that leads to DDD begins with structural changes. The annulus fibrosis (outer portion of the disc) loses water content over time which will make it increasingly unyielding toward everyday stress and strain on the spine. The loss of compliance in the discs contributes to forces being redirected from the anterior and middle portions of the facets to the posterior aspect, thus causing facet arthritis. Another result is hypertrophy of the vertebral bodies adjacent to the degenerating disc. The overgrowths are known as bony spurs (or osteophytes.)
Characteristics/Clinical Presentation
DDD commonly occurs with other diagnoses such as:
- idiopathic low-back pain
- lumbar radiculopathy
- myelopathy
- lumbar stenosis
- spondylosis[3]
- osteoarthritis
- zygapophydeal joint degeneration [6]
Activities that typically increase pain include:
- Sitting for extended periods of time
- Rotating, bending, or lifting
- Activities that typically decrease pain include:
- Changing positions often
- Lying down
- Staying active [9]
Differential Diagnosis
People with DDD will have low back pain[8]; however there are varying levels of severity. Pain is often chronic, but one with DDD can experience varying episodes of exacerbation where pain levels are elevated[9]
There are different degrees of annular disruption[1]. We can classify them into 4 grades, at which grade 0 is added. We differentiate these grades by means of a contrast medium injection.
- Grade 0: no disruption
- Grade 1: the contrast medium passes into the cartilage endplate through tear
- Grade 2: the contrast medium flows into the bony endplate
- Grade 3: the contrast medium is going into the cancellous bone of vertebra under endplate
- Grade 4: the contrast medium leaks completely in the cancellous bone.
Diagnostic Procedures
Provocation discography is a diagnostic test to identify a painful disc. To evaluate the degree of disruption, a combination of discogram and CTscan afther discography is used.[1]
Xray findings are used to diagnose DDD. Anterior-Posterior and lateral views are taken; presence of osteophytes, narrowing of the disc joint space, or a "vacuum sign" is noted. [10]
Outcome Measures
None of the analyzed literature has reported a uniform system of outcome measuring. The most common form of outcome measure for DDD is Oswestry Disabilty Index (ODI) in combination with other forms of outcome measure: Short Form 36(or SF-12) questionnaire, self-paced walk, timed up-and-go test (TUG),Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Roland-Morris disability index (RMDI)[11][12] (level of evidence 3A,1B).
A radomized controle trial (Lars G Johnsen et al., 2013, level of evidence:1B ) analysed the difference between the ODI, the SF6D and the EQ5D.
In their research the several outcome measures reached different scores in the Receiver Operator Curve (ROC). The ODI showed a sensitivity of 88% and specificity of 85%, the EQ5D a sensitivity of 73% and specificity of 79% and the SF6D a sensitivity 93% and specificity 78%. But the EQ5D and the SF6D don't measure the same constructs and therefore cannot be used interchangeably.[13]
A systematic review tried to evaluate wich outcome measure were suitable for DDD. They found out that the Oswestry Disability Index a good primary outcome measure is for lumbar fusion and nonsurgical interventions for various symptomatic degenerative spine disorders (level of evidence: 3A).[14] Although further research is needed.
It is very important to look at the patient's history, this is a very valuable tool for identifying the intervertebral disc as the nociceptive source. Patients may present with a history of Chronic LBP, and can experience symptoms into the buttock. They may also state a history of spine stiffness that gets worse with activity and tenderness with palpation over involved area. [10]
Mood and anxiety disorders were diagnosed using the Structured Clinical Interview of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition/Clinical Version Mood and anxiety disorders were more commonly seen in patients with lumbar or cervical disc herniation than in those without herniation. No relationship was detected between pain severity and mood or anxiety disorders. However, mood and anxiety disorders were associated with neurological deficits. [15]
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most common used method of specifically assessing intervertebral disc degeneration. Based on proton density, water content an chemical environment MR depicts disc hydratation and morphology which can be visualized on MR images with T2 weighting as hypointense signal. Pfirrmann et al devised a grading system for disc degeneration based on MR signal intensity, disc structure, distinction between nucleus and anulus, and disc height.[16] This useful grading system has been accepted and applied clinically
The modified system comprises 8 grades for lumbar disc degeneration (Griffith et al. (2007), Table 1). Sagittal T2-weighted images were used for classification as they provide a comprehensive perception of disc structure and good tissue differentiation.The 8 grades represented a progression from normal disc to severe disc degeneration. Grade 1 corresponds to no disc degeneration while Grade 8 corresponds to end-stage degeneration. Beside the 8-grade table there is also an image reference panel (Griffith et al. (2007), Figure 1).[17]
Medical management
The preferential treatment for patients with chronic low back pain, caused by disc degeneration, is a conservative method consisting of physical therapy and medications (O'Halloran, 2007 (D)). [18]Conservative treatment (home or hospital) includes rest, adequate program for motoractivity, regime of physical activity, strengthening of musculature, analgetic medication, physiotherapy, rehabilitation programs and lifestyle adjustments such as weight loss. [19]
Medications such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (e.g., ibuprofen, naproxen, COX-2 inhibitors) and pain relievers like acetaminophen (such as Tylenol) help many patients feel good enough to engage in regular activities. Stronger prescription medications such as oral steroids, muscle relaxants or narcotic pain medications may also be used to manage intense pain episodes on a short-term basis, and some patients may benefit from an epidural steroid injection. Not all medications are right for all patients, and patients will need to discuss side effects and possible factors that would preclude taking them with their physician. Epidural steroid injections can provide low back pain relief by delivering medication directly to the painful area to decrease inflammation.[20]
Lately, successful outcomes were demonstrated by animal experiments with mesenchymal stem cells.[19][1]
Surgical intervention includes disc arthroplasty and lumbar spinei[1][19] fusion to reduce chronic low back pain due to degenerative disc disease.[21]
In some cases another form of chirurgical management is used for treatment of DDD, it is named: Device for Intervertebral Assisted Motion (DIAM). The DIAM is a polyester-encased silicone interspinous dynamic stabilization device that can unload the anterior column and reestablish the functional integrity of the posterior column. This device is designed for preservation of the functional spinal unit. [22] (Level of evidence 2B)
In some other cases, patients are not responsive to nonsurgical treatment for symptomatic degenerative disc disease (DDD). In that case patients can undergo a lumbar total disc replacement (TDR). Patients presenting with symptomatic single-level lumbar DDD who failed at least 6 months of nonsurgical management were randomly allocated to treatment with an investigational TDR device (also called: TDR activL device) or FDA-approved control devices TDR. After 2 years of research, we can conclude that the single-level activL TDR is safe and effective for the treatment of symptomatic lumbar DDD. Lumbar total disc replacement (TDR) improved mean back back pain. (level of evidence: 2B) [23]
Physical management
A part of the physical therapy treatment is aimed at reducing pain. For this purpose, different physical modalities are used, including heat and cold application, traction, spinal manipulations (Beattie P, 2008 (D); Zhang Y (C), 2008; Mirza SK, 2007 (A1))[24][25][26], exercise programs and electrical stimulation such as 'TENS' and 'pulsed radiofrequency (PRF)' treatment[27] and lifestyle modifications (e.g., weight reduction, smoking cessation).[28] With this PRF treatment, 56% of 76 patients with discogenic pain had more than 50% pain reduction one year after the first treatment. Among exercise approaches, unloaded movement facilitation exercises of McKenzie, core strengthening, and core stabilization exercises are all effective in pain reduction for degenerative disc disease.[29]
Spinal manipulations
The HVLA is a spinal manipulation that includes many different techniques and may involve preliminary preparation of the joint and its surrounding tissues, using stretching, assisted motion and other methods. Loads, both forces and moments, are applied to the joint, and it is moved to its end range of voluntary motion. An impulse is then applied, the effective load is the summation of forces applied by the operator, with the inertial forces generated by the motion of body segments, and the internally generated tensions from client muscle reactions. (Triano et al, 1997 (level of evidence 3A))[30]
The HVLa is a (High-Velocity, Low-amplitude) SM (Spinal Manipulation) in the lumbosacral joint performed on men with degenerative disc disease. This immediately improves self-perceived pain, spinal mobility in flexion, hip flexion during the passive SLR test, and subjects' full height (Vieira-Pellenz F et al, 2014 (level of evidence 1B)) [31](= full height recovery after high-velocity, low-amplitude (HVLA) spinal manipulation (SM) in the Lumbosacral joint (L5-S1)). Before Spinal Manipulation Therapy (SMT) can be considered as a treatment option, patients with LBP need to be screened for possible serious pathology. There are two reasons for this: some conditions, such as a fracture, affect the mechanical integrity of the spine and would make SMT clearly dangerous. In other conditions, a failure to recognize the condition delays commencement of more appropriate care. For example, early detection and treatment of spinal malignancy is important to prevent the spread of metastatic disease and the development of further complications such as spinal cord compression. Application of SMT with the presence of red flags cancer and fracture, should be considered as contraindications to SMT until further investigation has excluded serious pathology. The other red flags would only be contraindications to SMT if more than one were positive. (Hancock MJ et al 2008 (level of evidence 2C))
Core Stability
Other objectives are to enhance the core stability by strengthening and improving the coordination between the abdominal and back muscles through a spinal stabilization program (Brox JI, 2003 (level of evidence A2)).[32] These stabilization exercises can increase the patient's capacity to resist higher loads in the degenerative discs(Beattie P, 2008 (level of evidence D))[33]. According to studies the load on the vertebral column can be reduced by half thanks to the muscles. The problem is the fact that muscle tissue is reduced with a rate of 1 kg/year after reaching the age of 40.[34] A posterior dynamic stabilization program proved a significant improvement in pain and disability.[35][36] Strength training exercises performed 1-3 times a week for 3 months reduced the pain of 157 patients. Those patients were able to return to their jobs and hobbies and were able to stop the use of pain killers.[37]
Excercises are performed to reduce pain and to ensure stability by strengthening the hip extensors, hip flexors, abdominal muscles and the sacrospinalis muscles.[38] At first the patient has to perform muscle contractions of the abdominal muscles and the m. iliopsoas, this will lead to the relaxation of the paravertebral muscles. These exercises will also help regain some of the lumbar joint suppleness. The movement will also help to feed the disc by absorbing liquid. After two weeks standing excercises can be performed. The previous excercices can still be performed as warming up excercises. Other important excercises include rectification of the pelvis to restore the body symmetry and toning the back extensors and abdominal muscles. By stretching the back extensors and strengthening the abdominal muscles we can redivide some of the pressure placed on the lumbar intervertebral discs.(These excercises are also a part of the Williams method.)[39][40]
Some examples of Williams' Flexion Exercises are:
- Pelvic tilt
The patient lies on his back with bent knees. He presses his back into the ground and holds this position up to 10 seconds.
- Single or double Knee to chest
The patient lies on his back with bent knees. He pulls one of his knees up to his chest and holds this op to 10 seconds. This can be done with one or two knees at a time.
- Partial sit-up.
The patient starts with a pelvic tilt after wich he lifts his shoulders off the floor. He holds this position 2 seconds each time he does this.
- Hamstring stretch.
The patient sits with extended knees and reaches out to touch his toes with his hands. He goes as far as possible. Other ways to stretch your hamstrings:
- Hip Flexor stretch.
The patient starts with one foot in front of the other. The knee of the front foot is flexed. He bends forward untill his front knee touches his chest. Other ways to stretch the hip flexors:
- Squat
The patient is standing with both feet on shoulders width apart. He keeps his back in a neutral position as he bends his knees and hips lowering his body.
In combination with these excercises core stability excercises are recommended. Core stability excercises start with learning how to recruit the abdominal muscles. Abdominal hollowing and branching activates the m. transversus abdominis wich is an important stabilizing muscle. Performing abdominal hollowing and branching excercises prior to abdominal curls facilitates the activation of the transversus abdominis and internal obliques during the abdominal curling excercises.
M. transversus abdominis recruitment excercise:
The patiënt lies on his back and imagines there is a line connecting his two pelvic bones. This is the area he has to focus on. Try contracting the muscles in this area without sucking in or expanding your abdomen. While doing this keep breathing normal. Hold this contraction for at least 10 seconds and repeat this several times.[41]
Once the patient is capable of performing an isolated contraction of the m. transversus abdominis other excercises are allowed. These excercises include the curl up, side plank, prone plank, bridging and performing alternated leg and arm raises in a quadruped position. During these exercises the spine should maintain a neutral position and the pelvis shoud not be tilted. When these excercises are mastered the person can advance to excercises on a physioball. [41]
In the last phase of a core strengthening program emphasis should be placed on balance and coördination excercises. Various unstable surfaces can be used. Before performing any of the standing balance and coördination excercises abdominal branching techniques should be performed to warm up the abdominal muscles. The excercises should be functional and should involve acceleration, deceleration and dynamic stabilisation. Reflexive control and postural regulation excercises should also be included. Examples of these excercises are controlled falling lunges in different directions and jumps on one or two legs. To help create automatic postural control we can blindfold or distract the patient by giving him additional tasks.[41][42]
In patients with degenerative disc disease it is also advised to add behavioral therapy to the usual treatment since it has been shown that the addition of behavioral therapy gives better results (Brox JI, 2003 (level of evidence A2))[6]. This is related to the fact that the diagnosis of degenerative disc disease also entails many psychological effects. Many patients assume that degeneration means that their spine is becoming weaker, associated with constant pain. These erroneous thoughts often cause fear of movement (kinesiophobia) and lead to the avoidance of movements of the spine (Beattie P, 2008 (D))[33].
The task of the physical therapists includes giving information and advice to improve the compliance rate.(Mirza SK, 2007 (A1))[43]. Good communication with patients is of great importance, they have to realize that degeneration of the intervertebral disc is a normal aging process. The physiotherapist must help the patients to identify and overcome their fears and to adapt their coping strategies (Mirza SK, 2007 (A1))[43]. It is important that patients understand that they must stay active and that activities of daily life and other moderate physical activity will not cause additional damage or have adverse effects (Brox JI, 2003 (A2))[6]. Patients must be encouraged to perform low impact aerobic exercises, such as walking and water aerobics. Low impact aerobic conditioning ensures adequate flow of nutrients and blood to spine structures, and decreases pressure on the discs. They should avoid prolonged static postures as much as possible (Beattie P, 2008 (D); Brox JI, 2003 (A2)).[33][6]
Extension exercises are given to displace the pressure on the discus intevertebralis anteriorly. Some exercises are:
- Hollow the back
- Make a sphinx posture
- Lie with the upper body prone on a table, the legs hang off. Lift the legs against the force of gravity. This is a back strengthening exercise.
- The last exercise can also be carried out on a ball.[44][45][46]
Physical therapies should aim to promote healing in the disc periphery, by stimulating cells, boosting metabolite transport, and preventing adhesions and re-injury. Such an approach has the potential to accelerate pain relief in the disc periphery, even if it fails to reverse age-related degenerative changes in the nucleus. [47]
The use of low-level laser therapy is a viable option in the conservative treatment of discogenic back pain, with a positive clinical result of more than 90% efficacy, not only in the short-term but also in the long-term, with lasting benefits. In the research, a wavelength of 810 nm wavelength emitted from a GaAIAs semiconductor laser device with 5.4 J per point and a power density of 20 mW/cm(2) was employed. The treatment regimen consisted of three sessions of treatment per week for 12 consecutive weeks. All (50) but one patient had significant improvement in their Oswestry Disability Index score. This means their disability decreased. [48]
add appropriate resources here
Clinical Bottom Line
DDD is a is a condition in which the intervertebral discs lose height and hydration. As result the intervertebral discs are unable to fulfill their primary functions. Although the exact cause of DDD is unknown, it is thought to be associated with the aging process. The most common location of this process is situated in the cervical and lower lumbar sections of the spine.
To diagnose DDD the use of X-rays is needed. To identify the painful disc, the provocation discography test should be used.
The common outcome measure for DDD is the Oswestry Disability Index, mostly in combination with another questionnaire like VAS or SF-36.
Multiple concepts of medical management are used to treat DDD.
Surgical techniques are:
● The DIAM,
● Disc arthroplasty
● Lumbar spinei fusion
● Total disc replacement
But the preferential treatment is conservative technique. This consists of physical therapy and medications (analgesic medication).
The aim of physical therapy for DDD is to reduce pain, to enhance the core stability, provide information and advise about the disease and teach behavioral therapy.
For pain reduction heat and cold application, traction, spinal manipulations, electrical stimulation (TENS, pulsed radiofrequency (PRF)) and exercise therapy are the used modalities.
To improve stabilization of the back and abdominal muscles, coordination exercises like core stability are the most suitable (see Physical Management: core stability).
With the use of behavioral therapy we expect that the patient rejects erroneous thoughts concerning his pathology and enhance his lifestyle.
Low-level laser therapy can be used for conservative treatment, but further research is needed.
Recent Related Research (from Pubmed)
- Short-term effect of spinal manipulation on pain perception, spinal mobility, and full height recovery in male subjects with degenerative disk disease: a randomized controlled trial.
References will automatically be added here, see adding references tutorial.
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Peng B., Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of discogenic low back pain, World J Orthop 2013 April 18; 4(2): 42-52 LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 1
- ↑ Dr Vanaclocha V., et al, Degeneratieve ziekte van het disc, Clinica Neuros Neurochirurgie, 2010fckLR(http://neuros.net/nl/algemene_degenerative_ziekte_van_disc.php) LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 5
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 McCormack BM, Weinstein PR. Cervical spondylosis. An update. West J Med 1996; 165(1-2): 43-51 (Level of evidence: 1A)
- ↑ Chang-jiang Zheng et al.; Disc degeneration implies low back pain; Theoretical Biology and Medical Modelling (2015) (Level of evidence: 2C)
- ↑ Spine-health, Degenerative Disc Disease Health Center, http://www.spine-health.com/conditions/degenerative-disc-disease (asseced 18-05-2016) (level of evidence 5)
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Dutton M. Orthopaedic Examination, Evaluation, and Intervention. 2nd ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hll; 2008.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Ullrich, P. F. (2006 11 6). Lumbar Degenerative Disc Disease. Retrieved 06 02, 2009, from Degenerative Disc Disease: http://www.spine-health.com/conditions/degenerative-disc-disease/lumbar-degenerative-disc-disease
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 7SecretsMedical. Degenerative Disc Disease. Available from: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UTBrVj7F6kI [last accessed 03/05/13]
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 O'Halloran DM, Pandit AS. Tissue-engineering approach to regenerating the intervertebral disc. Tissue Eng 2007; 13(8):1927-1954.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Thompson, J.C. MD. Netter's Concise Atlas of Orthopaedic Anatomy. (2002) Saunders Elsevier. p.36-7
- ↑ Bono, C. M., & Lee, C. K.; Critical Analysis of Trends in Fusion for Degenerative Disc Disease Over the Past 20 Years: Influence of Technique on Fusion Rate and Clinical Outcome; Spine Volume; 2004; vol. 29; p455-463. (level of evidence: 3A)
- ↑ Malhar N. Kumar, F. J. (2001); Long-term follow-up of functional outcomes and radiographic changes at adjacent levels following lumbar spine fusion for degenerative disc disease; European Spine Journal volume 10; p309-313. (level of evidence: 1B)
- ↑ Lars G Johnsen, Christian Hellum, Øystein P Nygaard, Kjersti Storheim, Jens I Brox , Ivar Rossvoll, Gunnar Leivseth and Margreth Grotle; Comparison of the SF6D, the EQ5D, and the oswestry disability index in patients with chronic low back pain and degenerative disc disease; BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders; 2013; vol. 14; p148-157. (level of evidence: 1B)
- ↑ LY Carreon, S. G.; Fusion and nonsurgical treatment for symptomatic lumbar degenerative disease: a systematic review of Oswestry Disability Index and MOS Short Form-36 outcomes; The spine journal; 2007 (Level of evidence: 3A)
- ↑ Kayhan F, Albayrak Gezer İ, Kayhan A, Kitiş S, Gölen M. Mood and anxiety disorders in patients with chronic low back and neck pain caused by disc herniation. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract. 2015 Nov 2:1-5. (level of evidence 1B)
- ↑ Pfirrmann CW, Metzdorf A, Zanetti M, et al. Magnetic resonance classification of lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration. Spine 2001;26:1873–8 (Level of evidence 2A)
- ↑ Griffith JF et al; Modified Pfirrmann grading system for lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration; Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2007 Nov 15;32(24):E708-12. ( Level of evidence: 2C)
- ↑ O'Halloran DM, Pandit AS. Tissue-engineering approach to regenerating the intervertebral disc. Tissue Eng 2007; 13(8):1927-1954.
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 Drazin D., Rosner J., Avalos P., Acosta F., Stem cell therapy for degenerative disc disease, Advances in orthopedics, volume 2012, 8pg LEVEL OF EVIDENCE = 1
- ↑ uwaterloo. Waterloo's Dr. Spine, Stuart McGill. Available from: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=033ogPH6NNE [last accessed 03/05/13]
- ↑ Phillips F.M., Slosar P.J., Youssef J.A., Andersson G., Papatheofanis F., Lumbar spine fusion for chronic low back pain due to degenerative disc disease, SPINE Volume 38, Nr 7, Pp. E409-E422, 2013 LEVEL OF EVIDENCE = 1
- ↑ Jean Taylor, M., Patrick Pupin, M., Stephane Delajoux, M., & Sylvain Palmer, M.; Device for Intervertebral Assisted Motion: Technique and Initial Results; Neurosurg Focus; 2007; p1-22. (Level of evidence 2B)
- ↑ Garcia R, Yue JJ, Blumenthal S, Coric D, Patel VV, Leary SP, Dinh DH,fckLRButtermann GR, Deutsch H, Girardi F, Billys J, Miller LE. Lumbar Total DiscfckLRReplacement for Discogenic Low Back Pain: Two-year Outcomes of the activL Multicenter Randomized Controlled IDE Clinical Trial. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2015 Nov 27 (2B)
- ↑ Beattie P. Current understanding of lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration: a review with emphasis upon etiology, pathophysiology, and lumbar magnetic resonance imaging findings. fckLRJOSPT 2008; 38(6):329-340
- ↑ Zhang Y. Biological treatment for degenerative disc disease: Implications for the field of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2008, fckLR87(9): p.694-702
- ↑ Mirza SK, Deyo RA. Systematic Review of Randomized Trials Comparing Lumbar Fusion Surgery to Nonoperative Care for Treatment of Chronic Back Pain. Spine 2007; 32(7): 816-823
- ↑ Rohof O., Intradiscal pulsed radiofrequency application following provocative discography for the management of degenerative disc disease and concordant pain: a pilot study, Pain practice, 2012, Volume 12, Issue 5, Pg 342-349 LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2
- ↑ Zhang Y, An HS, Tannoury C, Thonar EJ, Freedman MK, Anderson DG. Biological treatment for degenerative disc disease: implications for the field of physical medicine and rehabilitation. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2008 Sep;87 (level of evidence: 1A)
- ↑ lade SC, Keating JL: Unloaded movement facilitation exercise compared to no exercise or alternative therapy on outcomes for people with nonspecific chronic low back pain: a systematic review. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2007;30:301–11(level of evidence: 1A)
- ↑ JJ Triano et al, "Use of chiropractic manipulation in lumbar rehabilitation", Journal of RehabilitationResearch and Development, 1997. (level of evidence 3A)
- ↑ Vieira-Pellenz F et al"Short-Term Effect of Spinal Manipulation on Pain Perception, Spinal Mobility, and Full Height Recovery in Male Subjects With Degenerative Disk Disease: A Randomized Controlled Tria"l, American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine, 2014 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24862763) (level of evidence 1B)
- ↑ Brox JI, Sorensen R, Friis A. Randomized Clinical Trial of Lumbar Instrumented Fusion and Cognitive Intervention and Exercises in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain and Disc Degeneration. Spine 2003; 28(17):1913-1921
- ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 12.3 Beattie P. Current understanding of lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration: a review with emphasis upon etiology, pathophysiology, and lumbar magnetic resonance imaging findings. fckLRJOSPT 2008; 38(6):329-340
- ↑ Adam Gąsiorowski et al, Strength training in the treatment of degeneration of lumbar section of vertebral column, Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine, Vol 20, No 2, 203–205, 2013 (level of evidence 3A)
- ↑ Zagra A., et al; Prospective study of a new dynamic stabilisation system in the treatment of degenerative discopathy and instability of the lumbar spine, Eur Spine J, 2012, 21, suppl 1: S83-S89 LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2
- ↑ Canbay S., et al, Posterior dynamic stabilization for the treatment of patients with lumbar degenerative disc disease: long-term clinical and radiological results, Turkish Neurosurgery 2013, vol. 23, No. 2, 188-197 LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2
- ↑ 41. Adam Gąsiorowski et al, Strength training in the treatment of degeneration of lumbar section of vertebral column, Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine, Vol 20, No 2, 203–205, 2013 (level of evidence 3A)
- ↑ Johnson Olubusola E. Therapeutic Exercises in the Management of Non-Specific Low Back Pain, Low Back Pain, ISBN: 978-953-51-0599-2, 2012 (level of evidence 5)
- ↑ Lee M.,The effects of core muscle release technique on lumbar spine deformation and low back pain.J Phys Ther Sci.;27(5):1519-22, 2015 (level of evidence 1B)
- ↑ Mircea MOLDOVAN, Therapeutic Considerations and Recovery in Low Back Pain: Williams vs McKenzie, Timisoara Physical Education and Rehabilitation Journal. Volume 5, Issue 9, 2012 (level of evidence 5)
- ↑ 41.0 41.1 41.2 AKUTHOTA V., Core Stability Exercise Principles Akuthota, Curr. Sports Med. Rep., Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 39Y44, 2008 (level of evidence 5)
- ↑ COSIO-LIMA, Effects of Physioball and Conventional Floor Exercises on Early Phase Adaptations in Back and Abdominal Core Stability and Balance in Women. J Strength Cond Res.17(4):721-5. 2003 (level of evidence 1B)
- ↑ 43.0 43.1 Mirza SK, Deyo RA. Systematic Review of Randomized Trials Comparing Lumbar Fusion Surgery to Nonoperative Care for Treatment of Chronic Back Pain. Spine 2007; 32(7): 816-823
- ↑ Extremiteiten, www.fysio.net, Extensieoefening voor de lumbale wervelkolom in buikligging, 29-10-2009fckLR(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SNamjanZttM&feature=youtube_gdata) LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 5
- ↑ Kielbaso J., Hardcore abs training, Fit4Less4Info, 19oktober2012fckLR(http://fit4lessamsterdam.wordpress.com/2012/10/) (http://fit4lessamsterdam.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/crunchleg-raise.jpg) LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 5
- ↑ Canbay S., et al, Posterior dynamic stabilization for the treatment of patients with lumbar degenerative disc disease: long-term clinical and radiological results, Turkish Neurosurgery 2013, vol. 23, No. 2, 188-197 (level of evidence 2)
- ↑ Adams MA, Stefanakis M, Dolan P. Healing of a painful intervertebral discfckLRshould not be confused with reversing disc degeneration: implications forfckLRphysical therapies for discogenic back pain. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2010fckLRDec;25(10):961-71. (level of evidence 2B)
- ↑ Ip D, Fu NY. Can intractable discogenic back pain be managed by low-level laser therapy without recourse to operative intervention? J Pain Res. 2015 May 26;8:253-6 (level of evidence: 1B)


text:
Early next month Kangaroo Island's much-lauded Southern Ocean Lodge will host a food safari showcasing the Island's exquisite produce and wine. During the day guests will be able to unearth and savour the Island's unforgettable produce straight from the source while at night they'll be able to relax in unparalleled luxury while indulging in a feast featuring the best of the day's harvest.
What will make it extra special is the safari will be led by Maggie Beer and Mark Best who will travel across Kangaroo Island to meet producers and find the finest and freshest produce for the evening menu.
Guests will enjoy a working experience at the Sheep Milk Dairy; visit the green pastures of Southrock Lamb and the shady groves of KI Olive Oil.
During the day there will be an opportunity to pluck marron and abalone from the farm as well as shuck oysters from the leases at Kangaroo Island Premium Oysters.
And after spending a morning or afternoon foraging for the Island's culinary treasures guests will enjoy fine winery lunches, cooking demonstrations, Southern Ocean BBQs and sunset drinks at Remarkable Rocks.
It's a remarkable mix but really just a slight extension on the day-to-day Southern Ocean Lodge experience which mixes unfettered luxury with the experience of an expeditionary cruise and unbelievable cuisine.
Owner James Baillie of Baillie Lodges and his wife Hayley say Southern Ocean Lodge should feel like a guest's own home. Granted an extraordinarily glamorous home but every guest who visits is welcomed like an old friend.
Moreover, every guest gets to indulge in the whole Kangaroo Island experience. There is a real sense of people, produce and place.
For starters, the lodge, perched high above the Great Southern Ocean sits atop craggy limestone cliffs with a view of cream capped, wind whipped breakers and toasted coconut coloured beaches.
"It's an amazing location with the 'wow' factor," says Baillie.
"Beyond the location we provide a great food and beverage experience that celebrates the local area and then, we provide guests with great ways of interfacing with the local environment," Baillie says.
"There's an experiences program with naturalist guides and at the end of the day guests return to a setting featuring great design and fantastic service. There's a sense of adventure whether it's wandering across a muddy paddock to visit a dairy, a vineyard or discovering the diverse fauna of the Flinders Chase National Park."
"We call it relaxed sophistication or casual sophistication. It's not a flop and drop experience."
Submit your unique experience at australia.com/restaurantaustralia and join the conversation at #restaurantaustralia


text:
Listen to Frank Ocean's 'Channel Orange' Outtake 'Eyes Like Sky'
A new outtake has surfaced from Frank Ocean's excellent 'Channel Orange' album, and it's a good one. 'Eyes Like Sky' is an acoustic ballad that fits the tone of many of the other great cuts found on Ocean's debut LP, which came out last year.
The previously unreleased song, which you can hear below, was reportedly cut during the 'Channel Orange' sessions but ultimately left off the record. It's not as good as the 10-minute track about Cleopatra and strippers, but he definitely should have left it on the record.
Ocean's 2013 is shaping up to be kinda great. He started the year by pretty much claiming the top spot in every music-critic year-end poll known to man. He won a GLAAD media award, a couple Grammys and a Brit Award. Somehow he found time to collaborate with Depeche Mode's Martin Gore on a song too.
He even came out the good guy in a much-publicized scuffle with Chris Brown over a parking space (then again, who doesn't come out the good guy when facing off the very despicable Brown?).
Ocean has also completed about a dozen new songs for his next album. Like 'Channel Orange,' the new album will be a concept record. Danger Mouse and Pharrell Williams are likely producing some tracks. Ocean is also considering a brief summer tour to keep the momentum going.
Listen to Frank Ocean's 'Eyes Like Sky'
Subscribe to Diffuser.fm on


text:
CLAY Lane saw a 12 try romp as Bowdon continued to push for Promotion from South Lancs and Cheshire Division Two.
From the kick off Bowdon showed their intent on winning and keeping the visitor away from their try line. The first points were scored after several rucks around the Dukinfield 5 meter line. This drew players in allowing Hooker Harry Booth to dive over the line to score. Bowdon's second try came with only 15 minutes on the Board.
The second saw Bowdon increase the intensity and exploit gaps in the defence of the visitors. This paid dividends for the home side with several second half tries coming from quick thinking Bowdon players taking advantage of speedy ball. All of Bowdon players were playing well, both forwards and backs linking up to give a complete team performance.
The second half tries were scored by Mark Wells, Phil Gare (2), Michael Swetman, Darius Miksys, Thiu Barnard, Tom Shaw and finally Harry Booth. The scoring was completed with three further conversions from Swetman.