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Preventive measures are still the best strategy Aspiration syndromes: Pneumonia and pneumonitis key words: Aspiration, Pneumonitis, Pneumonia
Preventive measures are still the best strategy Aspiration syndromes: Pneumonia and pneumonitis key words: Aspiration, Pneumonitis, Pneumonia
Aspiration is defined as the misdirection of oropharyngeal or gastric contents into the larynx and lower respiratory tract.1 This can result in a wide spectrum of clinical syndromes depending on host factors, the type and amount of the material aspirated, and the frequency of aspiration. Although aspiration occurs during normal sleep, muco- ciliary defense mechanisms and cough reflexes usually clear the airways and prevent pulmonary complications from occurring.1-3 If these mechanisms are impaired or absent, chemical pneumonitis from acidic gastric fluid, infection from aspirated bacterial pathogens, and airway obstruction from particulate matter may result.4
The purpose of this review is to focus on the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of aspiration pneumonitis and aspiration pneumonia. While these 2 terms are often used interchangeably, they represent 2 separate and distinct clinical syndromes.ASPIRATION PNEUMONITIS
Aspiration pneumonitis is defined as the inhalation of regurgitated gastric contents that results in acute chemical lung injury.2 Normally, gastric contents are sterile because of the acidic suppression of bacterial growth. Therefore, lung injury from aspiration pneumonitis is usually not a consequence of bacterial infection. However, in patients receiving acid suppression therapy (antacids, proton pump inhibitors, H2 blockers) or enteral feeding, bacterial colonization of the normally sterile gastric contents may occur and infection may play a role.
Gastric contents may be liquid or particulate matter, and aspiration may result from passive regurgitation or active vomiting of gastric contents in patients who do not have the protection of upper airway reflexes.5 In a healthy, conscious person, the lower esophageal sphincter tone and upper airway reflexes prevent aspiration of gastric contents into the respiratory tract.6 With altered levels of consciousness, as occurs with drug overdose, seizures, or the use of anesthetics, these reflex mechanisms are impaired and aspiration may take place.
The aspiration event is usually acute and may be witnessed. In 1946, Mendelson first described this aspiration syndrome in obstetric patients who were in labor; the event is widely recognized as a potential complication of anesthesia during the perioperative and postoperative periods.3,5,7
The clinical response to aspiration of gastric contents depends on the type of material aspirated. Mendelson described 2 separate clinical syndromes. The first syndrome is the inhalation of particulate matter that can cause airway obstruction and asphyxiation. Smaller particles may lead to distal atelectasis, granulomatous inflammation, pulmonary edema, or the nidus for abscess formation.6
The second syndrome is the chemical damage to lung tissue that can result from sterile but acidic gastric fluids. The amount of damage depends on the volume and pH of the aspirate, with larger volumes and lower pH having more deleterious effects.5 Damage from acidic fluid occurs in 2 phases. The first phase occurs within 1 to 2 hours, when the direct toxic effects of the acidic fluid cause damage to the alveolar cells, leading to increased permeability and pulmonary edema (Figure 1).2,5
The second phase occurs after 2 to 3 hours, peaks at about 4 to 6 hours, and is characterized by acute inflammation.2,5 Patients may initially be asymptomatic, but bronchospasm, shortness of breath, hypoxia, wheezing, and eventually shock may occur.ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA
Aspiration pneumonia occurs when oropharyngeal or gastric contents that have been colonized with pathogenic bacteria are aspirated into the lower respiratory tract. This event is an infectious process, whereas aspiration pneumonitis is a chemical injury. Aspiration pneumonitis may lead to pneumonia if the aspirate contains bacteria or if the chemical lung injury results in a secondary bacterial infection, but this should be considered a separate disease process.
When bacterial infection develops, the term "aspiration pneumonia" should be used. Although some community-acquired pneumonias are caused by aspiration of oropharyngeal secretions that have been colonized by pathogenic bacteria, aspiration pneumonia refers to the development of pneumonia as demonstrated by clinical and radiographic findings in a patient who is at high risk for oropharyngeal aspiration.8 Often, the aspiration episode is not witnessed, and it may be a chronic process.
Typical organisms that may colonize the oropharynx include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter species, anaerobes, Klebsiella species, and Escherichia coli, although no single organism is more prevalent than the other.9,10 Risk factors for aspiration pneumonia are similar to those for aspiration pneumonitis and include altered mental status, dysphagia, gastro- esophageal reflux disease, neurological disorders, drug overdose, and anesthesia.
In addition, the risk of aspiration pneumonia is associated with critical illness; supine position; the presence of oropharyngeal mechani- cal devices, such as nasogastric or endotracheal tubes; and increasing age.2,4,11 The symptoms are similar to those seen in community- acquired pneumonia and include fever, tachypnea, hypoxia, and productive cough.EPIDEMIOLOGY
Although the pathophysiology and risk factors for aspiration pneumonitis and aspiration pneumonia are similar, these 2 syndromes tend to affect different populations. Aspiration pneumonitis is more likely to occur in younger patients, particularly those with drug and alcohol overdoses and those undergoing anesthesia. Approximately 10% of drug overdoses may be complicated by aspiration pneumonitis; in addition, aspiration pneumonitis may occur in about 1 of 3000 patients undergoing general anesthesia and is estimated to cause 10% to 30% of all anesthesia-related deaths.1,5,12,13 The aspiration episode is usually acute and often witnessed.
Aspiration pneumonia is more likely to occur in older populations, particularly in chronically ill patients who are hospitalized or institutionalized. Not only are these patients at increased risk for aspiration, but also they are more likely to be colonized with pathogenic organisms and to have impaired host defenses.14
Aspiration pneumonia is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in older patients, but the incidence has been difficult to quantify because most episodes of aspiration are not witnessed.11,15 However, aspiration has been estimated to cause 5% to 10% of all community-acquired pneumonias.15,16RISK FACTORS
The risk factors for aspiration are summarized in Table 1. Although the risk factors for aspiration pneumonitis and pneumonia are similar, several factors predispose patients to the development of pneumonia as opposed to pneumonitis. In general, any condition that leads to altered mental status or decreased level of consciousness, depressed upper airway reflexes, increased gastric volume, or delayed gastric emptying can result in aspiration.
Factors that predispose patients to the development of pneumonia are related to conditions that alter oropharyngeal or gastric flora or impair host defenses. Specifically, any condition that leads to impaired immunity, stasis of oropharyngeal secretions, or impaired mucocili-ary clearance increases the risk of pneumonia.DIAGNOSIS
The diagnosis of aspiration pneumonitis or pneumonia can often be made on the basis of the history and symptoms. In aspiration pneumonitis, the aspiration is often witnessed in patients undergoing anesthesia or in those with acute drug and alcohol overdoses. Initially, patients may be asymptomatic. With aspiration of particulate matter, signs of airway obstruction, including stridor and wheezing, may be present. Coughing, shortness of breath, hypoxia, and cyanosis subsequently may develop. Abnormal radiographic findings may or may not be present initially with aspiration pneumonitis, but new infiltrates or atelectasis may develop. In severe cases, shock and acute respiratory distress syndrome may develop (Figures 2 and 3).
Aspiration pneumonia is diagnosed when a patient at high risk for aspiration has signs, symptoms, and radiographic findings suggestive of pneumonia. Although the signs and symptoms of aspiration pneumonitis and pneumonia are similar, they are differentiated on the basis of patient history, epidemiological factors, and radiographic findings. Patients may have signs and symptoms similar to those of community-acquired pneumonia, including productive cough, fever, shortness of breath, and hypoxia.
Radiographic findings depend on the body position of the patient at the time of the aspiration. Patients aspirating in the recumbent position have infiltrates in the posterior segments of the upper lobes or superior segments of the lower lobes, while patients aspirating in the upright position have infiltrates in the basal segments of the lower lobes.2,4,17,18 Patients who aspirate in the prone position--alcoholics for example--may have infiltrates in the right middle lobe and left lingula. Bibasilar infiltrates, bronchiectasis, and pulmonary fibrosis may develop in patients who chronically aspirate.1
Patients considered to be at high risk for chronic aspiration should undergo further assessment of the swallowing function. Although there is no accepted gold standard for evaluation, the available techniques include simple bedside techniques; more sophisticated imaging modalities, such as videofluoroscopic imaging; and fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation.Bedside evaluation of swallowing
Bedside assessment of the cough and gag reflexes should be done; however, this may be insufficient to diagnose aspiration.2,14,19 In one study of 144 healthy patients, 37% lacked a gag reflex.20 Pulse oximetry to monitor for desaturation during feeding has also been used, as well as observing oral residue, voice quality, and cough after swallowing.14,19
Assessment is usually performed by having the patient swallow water or food; the severity of aspiration is based on the ability to swallow and on the presence of dysphonia, cough, and dyspnea.21 Adding dye to enteral feeds to visualize gastric contents that have been aspirated and using glucose oxidase reagent strips to test tracheobronchial secretions for glucose also have been used but have limited clinical value because of the lack of specificity and sensitivity, potential harm from dyes, and cost of testing supplies.22 Videofluoroscopy
Also referred to as a modified barium swallow, videofluoroscopy provides dynamic imaging during the oral and pharyngeal phases of swallowing (Table 2).19 The test is performed with the patient in the seated or standing position at a 45- to 90-degree angle. The patient is given liquids or foods mixed with barium, and fluoroscopic images are obtained during swallowing. Assessment of the dynamic images allows visualization of any ingested material that is aspirated.
Videofluoroscopy is an effective tool for the diagnosis of aspiration, but it has limitations. It cannot be performed in patients who are unable to sit up, and it requires subjective interpretation by the operator performing the examination and radiation exposure.19 In addition, the limited swallowing time does not allow for assessment of patient fatigue as a contributor to aspiration, and study protocols may vary between institutions.19Fiberoptic endoscopy
Fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing allows for immediate visualization of the pharynx and larynx before and after swallowing and for an assessment of aspirated material expelled from the trachea with coughing.19,23 A flexible laryngoscope is passed through the nose into the hypopharynx, and imaging is performed as liquid and solid food is swallowed.14 The images obtained provide information on the motor function of the pharynx and larynx during swallowing.
In addition to observing motor function with fiberoptic endoscopy, sensory function also can be assessed with fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing with sensory testing. During this examination, air pulse stimuli are delivered to the mucosa innervated by the superior laryngeal nerve, and objective measures of laryngopharyngeal sensory discrimination thresholds are made.24
Advantages of these procedures are that they can be performed at the bedside, they avoid radiation exposure, they can be repeated easily, and images can be recorded for review.23 However, both examinations require skilled operators to perform endoscopic evaluation.Other modalities
Esophageal and pharyngeal manometry, radionucleotide scintigraphy, ultrasonography, and electromyography have been studied as potential modalities for the evaluation of aspiration, but their use has been limited because of their complexity and invasiveness.19 Because of this, these modalities are infrequently used for evaluation.TREATMENT
The treatment of aspiration pneumonitis and pneumonia requires prompt recognition and initiation of therapy. If the aspiration episode is witnessed, the patient should be placed in the head-down position to limit the amount of pulmonary contamination, the airway should be cleared of material using suction and forceps, and oxygenation and airway patency should be maintained with cricoid pressure and endotracheal intubation if necessary.3
The use of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation should be avoided in obtunded patients because it may force any residual aspirated material into the distal airways. Bronchoscopy may aid in the diagnosis if petechiae or erythema of the airway or foreign aspirate is visualized, and it may be useful in treatment if large particulate matter is detected and removed.1,3,4
The use of empiric antibiotic therapy should be avoided in most cases of aspiration pneumonitis unless pneumonia is diagnosed.5 Empiric antibiotics may promote the development of resistant organisms and increase the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia.2,3,5,15 Antibiotics may be administered to patients with aspiration pneumonitis who are considered at high risk for bacterial colonization of oropharyngeal and gastric contents and who fail to improve within 48 hours.2 The presence of fever, increased sputum production, and new or extended infiltrates on a chest radiograph also suggests the development of pneumonia and necessitates antibiotic therapy.1
Corticosteroids have been administered in an attempt to diminish the inflammatory damage from chemical pneumonitis; however, no data suggest that this results in improved outcomes, and therefore, the use of corticosteroids should be avoided.2,5
The treatment of aspiration pneumonia begins with the same principles as the treatment of aspiration pneumonitis. However, to initiate prompt treatment is difficult, since the aspiration event is often unwitnessed. Attempts to clear the airway using suction should be made, and oxygenation and airway patency should be maintained. As noted above, bronchoscopy may be useful and may be considered if radiographic evidence of endobronchial debris or atelectasis is present.
Antibiotics should be administered, and the choice of agents depends on the clinical situation. Unfortunately, no standardized guidelines for antibiotic therapy for aspiration pneumonia have been developed. For institutionalized patients or for those with hospital-acquired infections, broad-spectrum antibiotics to empirically cover resistant organisms, particularly Gram-negative bacteria and methicillin-resistant S aureus, should be initiated.15
Antibiotics with anaerobic coverage should be added to the drug regimen in patients with significant periodontal disease, foul-smelling sputum, or evidence of necrotizing pneumonia or lung abscess.2 Anaerobic coverage should not be used alone because it may be insufficient given the high number of resistant organisms that may colonize patients at high risk for aspiration pneumonia.2,25 Sputum and blood cultures should be performed and antibiotic therapy adjusted as necessary, although it is often difficult to isolate specific pathogens.PREVENTION
Using preventive measures to avoid complications is crucial in clinical situations in which the risk of aspiration is high. Since aspiration and the development of pneumonitis during anesthesia and during labor are of concern, specific measures have been suggested to reduce the risk of aspiration in the perioperative and postoperative periods.
Fasting before anesthesia minimizes gastric volume and may reduce the risk of aspiration. It is recommended that patients fast for 2 hours after liquids and 9 hours after heavier meals preoperatively.3 However, the stomach may still contain acidic fluids from gastric secretions as well as bilious fluids, which may be aspirated. Preoperative fasting may result in missed doses of oral medications, dry mouth, thirst, increased postoperative nausea and vomiting, and hypovolemia.3
The use of pharmacotherapy to reduce gastric secretion volume and acidity has also been suggested. Studies using antacid agents, such as H2 blockers, proton pump inhibitors, and sucralfate, have demonstrated a reduction in gastric secretion volume and acidity but have had no effect on aspiration rates.3,5,26 Prokinetic agents, such as metoclopramide, and erythromycin have also been evaluated and have demonstrated similar results.3,27,28 Therefore, routine use of these medications is not recommended; these medications should be used only in patients who are considered to be at increased risk for aspiration.27
The prevention of aspiration in patients who are at risk for aspiration pneumonia is critical given the high morbidity and mortality associated with aspiration pneumonia. Strategies are aimed at preventing aspiration and at reducing bacterial colonization of the oropharyngeal and gastric contents. Measures designed to prevent aspiration include elevating the head of the bed to a 30- to 45-degree angle, avoiding excessive sedation, maintaining appropriate endotracheal cuff pressures in intubated and tracheostomy patients, monitoring gastric residual volumes during enteral feeding, avoiding long-term use of nasogastric tubes, selecting appropriate diets for patients who have dysphagia (Table 3), and aspirating subglottic secretions.29,30
The use of feeding tubes--whether nasogastric, orogastric, or percutaneous--to prevent aspiration pneumonia has remained controversial. In a large meta-analysis, there was no evidence to support the use of feeding tubes to reduce the risk of aspiration.31 Although feeding tubes deliver nutrition directly into the stomach or a distal, postpyloric site, they do not reduce or prevent the aspiration of oropharyngeal secretions. In addition, the use of feeding tubes may be associated with an increased risk of oropharyngeal bacterial colonization.32 The use of smaller feeding tubes has not been shown to reduce aspiration rates.33
The pharmacological therapies that have been studied in this setting include angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, amantadine, and cilostazol. Substance P, a neurotransmitter, may affect the function of the glossopharyngeal nerve, which is integral to upper airway reflexes.34 ACE inhibitors prevent the breakdown of substance P and have been shown to reduce aspiration rates in hypertensive patients with cerebrovascular disease.14,34
Amantadine increases levels of dopamine, which may up-regulate substance P production and improve swallowing and cough reflexes.34 It has been shown to reduce aspiration risk in post-stroke patients.30 Cilostazol, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor with antiplatelet activity, may improve brain circulation in patients who have cerebrovascular disease and may increase dopamine and substance P production.34 This agent has been shown to reduce aspiration rates in patients with cerebrovascular infarction, but it may also be associated with increased risk of bleeding.30,34 Because of the limited data available, none of these medications are recommended for routine use to prevent aspiration.
Preventing bacterial colonization of the oropharynx is also an important measure to prevent aspiration pneumonia. Meticulous oral hygiene and treatment of dental caries and periodontal disease may reduce bacterial colonization.29 Patients without teeth may have a reduced risk of aspiration pneumonia because of decreased colonization.35 In addition, various antiseptic compounds used during oral care to reduce bacterial colonization have been studied, and the results have been generally poor.36CONCLUSION
Although aspiration pneumonitis and aspiration pneumonia share many common features, it is important to recognize each as a separate disease process so that the appropriate treatment measures can be initiated. For both syndromes, the best strategy is prevention. Preventive measures in the preoperative period and in the chronically ill patient at high risk for aspiration must be ensured to avoid complications. Further studies are necessary to improve preventive therapy to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with aspiration.


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Para sa lahat nang nagpupunyagi para sa kinabukasang malaya at payapa, magkita-kita tayo sa Burnham Green, Liwasang Park!
by Social Marketing Service on 10/06/2016, no comments
by Social Marketing Service on 10/06/2016, no comments
by Social Marketing Service on 26/05/2016, no comments
Rofa Mae Halina, an Out of School Youth from Barangay Tagdu, Mambajao, Camiguin, now owns here very own homemade longganisa business after completing a technical course on Food Processing, offered by 1 AND ALL Technical School through the support of the Department of Social Welfare and Development's (DSWD) Sustainable Livelihood Program.
Being the eldest child, Rofa Mae has to sacrifice her studies for her two younger siblings and work harder in order to support their family, after her father became sickly and weak.
"Dagku gyud ang akong pasalamat sa DSWD ug sa 1 AND ALL Technical School tungod kay usa ko sa mga natagaan ani nga training, labi na gyud kay gitagaan pa ko og gamit pangakabuhayan human sa among graduation (I am really thankful to DSWD and 1 AND ALL Technical School for the opportunity they have given me as one of the recipient of this training apart from the start-up kit they have provided us after graduation)", says Rofa Mae. "Maningkamot gyud ko nga mapalambo ning akong gamay nga negosyo alang-alang sa akong pamilya (I will do my best to improve my business for the benefit of my family)", she avows.
The Sustainable Livelihood Program is a multi-stakeholder program of the department that aims to improve the standard of living of poor households by facilitating opportunities for development and management of resources viable for micro-enterprises, community empowerment through skills training and employment facilitation. It gives significant priority to the youth being the hope of the future generation, similar to the 1 AND ALL Technical School whose mission, is to develop responsible and effective citizens to make significant contribution to the workforce that would eventually improve the livelihood of every community.
Written by Jamila M. Taha, DSWD Northern Mindanao
by Social Marketing Service on 25/05/2016, no comments
Failure is delay, not defeat–a statement that perfectly fits with the inspiring story of Marcos Calo SEA-K Association in Las Nieves, Agusan del Norte.
In 2012, the said association received a total of Php170,000 as Capital Seed Fund from the Sustainable Livelihood Program (SLP) which they used to individually venture into various businesses like hog raising, farming, sari-sari store and Wholesale/Retail on RTW items.
Challenge Arrives
While on the verge of earning positive profit, the association faced crisis when the previous treasurer and a member used the funds and flee.
"Hapit na mi mawad-an ug paglaum apan tungod sa pagpaningkamot ug pagtinabangay sa matag-usa, kami dungan na mibangon (We almost lose hope, however, because of the team's efforts and collaboration, we stood up together)," shared Amargen Montano, the association's current treasurer.
"Desidido dyud mi tanan na ma-recover ug ipadayon ang kabag-uhan (All of us are eager to recover and continue the change)," she added.
The group agreed to use their savings to pay their balance with DSWD. After 10 months, the association was able to give full payment.
Building Back
Still hopeful, the remaining balance from the savings amounting to Php14,500 was used to invest on micro-lending in April 2013. The enterprise model offers micro-finance loans to members and non-members with less interest rates. To maintain good payment and cash flow, by-laws have been created and agreed. more →
by Social Marketing Service on 25/05/2016, no comments
"Padayon akong pagpaningkamot aron makasinati ug maayong kabag-ohan akong pamilya (I am striving harder for my family to experience positive change)," shares Liling Magaluna, a Sustainable Livelihood Program participant from General Luna, Siargao Islands, Surigao del Norte.
After receiving the Self-Employment Assistance Kaunlaran (SEA-K) fund last 2013, she decided to engage into 100% natural coconut oil production. With numerous spas in their tourist-visited island, venturing on this business seems economically feasible for her. Her husband along her children helps her from pre-production to marketing of the said product. The family even built a small store in their front yard for product display. Eager to widen up market opportunities, Liling even engages into consignment.
Her family's persistence led the product to be known to the tourists visiting Siargao Islands. From using a traditional bottle for packaging, the product is now parceled with a fancy bottle. It is now called Siargao Gold. With its natural content, it is good not just for massage but for cooking, skin moisturizer and deodorant as well.
Written by Mary Carmelle C. Jumawan, DSWD Caraga
by Social Marketing Service on 25/05/2016, no comments
"Aron molahutay kini, kami nagtinabangay (To sustain it, we are working together)," shares Monita Guma, president of Sustainable Livelihood Program (SLP) San Fernando Farm Producer's Association.
Monita leads her group in upkeeping the Cash for Building Livelihood Assets (CBLA) project in Bgry. San Fernando, Del Carmen, Siargao Islands, Surigao del Norte. She ensures that cultivating the 1.7 hectares cassava farm will reap a good harvest. The members of the group are all Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program partner-beneficiaries who are working hand in hand to sustain and expand the project.
CBLA is one of the four (4) modalities of SLP that encourages short-term and labor-intensive projects that will open opportunities for poor families to augment their income, through the development of physical and natural assets, while they earn during project implementation.
Written by Mary Carmellw C. Jumawan, DSWD Caraga
by Social Marketing Service on 23/05/2016, no comments
"The food really tastes good and we had such a great experience," shared by one of the satisfied customers of White Sand SEA-K Association (SKA), Ms. Louela Mae Lanzaderas. White Sand SKA is located in Brgy. Daku, General Luna, Siargao Islands, Surigao del Norte. The 24 Sustainable Livelihood Program (SLP) participants of the said group agreed to fuse their grant to ensure economic viability. These participants are all Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program partner-beneficiaries.
High foot traffic of tourists have been visiting the island due to its astonishing scenery. It's also a great place for a combo day-trip of surf and beach. However, access to food is not easy in the island. With this, the group decided to engage in catering services. They serve sumptuous food with an affordable price compared with the rates other hotel or resorts offer. They also offer island hopping services as part of the package.
Written by Mary Carmelle C. Jumawan, DSWD Caraga
Photo by Ian Auditor, DSWD Caraga
by Social Marketing Service on 11/05/2016, no comments

subset: commoncrawl


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WASHINGTON, DC – The painfully negotiated US budget legislation that President Barack Obama signed on August 2 combines an increase in America's government debt ceiling with reductions in federal spending, thus averting the prospect of the first default in the 224-year history of the United States. But the agreement has three major flaws. Two of them offset each other, but the third threatens what America needs most in the coming years: economic growth.
The first flaw is that the spending reductions are badly timed: coming as they do when the US economy is weak, they risk triggering another recession. The measure's second shortcoming, however, is that the spending reductions that it mandates are modest. While the legislation does too little to address America's problem of chronic and rising budget deficits, the damage that it inflicts on the economy in the short term is likely to be limited.
The third and most damaging flaw, however, is that the spending cuts come in the wrong places. Because the Democrats in Congress have an almost religious commitment to preserving, intact, America's principal welfare programs for senior citizens, Social Security and Medicare, the legislation does not touch either of them. These programs' costs will rise sharply as the 78-million-strong baby-boom generation – those born between 1946 and 1964 – retires and collects benefits, accounting for the largest increase in government spending and prospective deficits in the years ahead. And, because the Republicans in Congress have an equally strong allergy to raising any taxes, any time, under any circumstances, the bill does not rely at all on tax increases – not even for the wealthiest Americans – for the deficit reduction that it provides.
All of the spending cuts come from the "discretionary" part of the federal budget, which excludes Social Security, Medicare, the Medicaid program for the poor, and interest on the national debt. That leaves only about one-third of total federal spending from which to cut, and much of that goes to the defense budget, which Republicans will attempt to protect in the future. So the structure established by the August 2 law concentrates deficit reduction on the "discretionary non-defense" part of the federal budget, which is only about 10% of it.


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President Obama insists that the public would rise up in anger should the Supreme Court strike down all or part of his health–care law. James Carville, a former strategist for Bill and Hillary Clinton, claims a death sentence for Obamacare would benefit Democrats.
Such arguments border on fantasy. The reaction to the closely watched Supreme Court oral arguments on Obamacare shows that the law lost ground with the public the more the public followed the issue. A new Washington Post/ABC News poll pegs support for the overall law at 39 percent, the lowest level of backing since this poll first began tracking the issue in 2009. Only about half of Democrats want the entire law upheld.
Keep reading this post . . .


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Slippery Rock man charged with having sexual contact with three boys ages 3, 7 and 13
A Slippery Rock man arrested Thursday on child pornography charges said in a written statement to investigators that he had sexual contact with three boys on 30 occasions and took nude pictures of them, according to court documents.
U.S. Magistrate Judge Cynthia Eddy on Tuesday ordered Mark Beres, 53, held without bail until a grand jury indicts him. Beres, an optometrist at the Sears in New Castle, said he had over 10,000 images of child porn on his computer, including pictures of the boys, who are ages 3, 7 and 13.
The U.S. Postal Inspection Service is asking anyone with information about the case to call investigators at 412-490-6513.


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Welcome! You are browsing as a guestWould you like to see 66 projects made from this yarn and much more? create a free account What am I missing?
© Be Sweet
© Pensguys
A classic soft cotton DK. Use it for anything from tops to kids wear to gorgeous shawls. Machine washable.
Contents: 100% cotton
Weight: 50g
Yardage: 130 yards (119 m)
Gauge: 19 stitches and 28
rows over 4" in stockinette
Needle Size: US 6 (4.0mm)


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Radiohead's 'Creep' is used for the the trailer of the French movie 'Ils Se Marièrent Et Eurent Beaucoup D'enfants'. The movie will be out in France on August 25th. At the moment it's unsure if the track will make the soundtrack as well. You can see the trailer here (click on 'bande annonce'). [thanks Marjorie]
'Creep' used in French movie trailer
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In addition to residential security systems, we offer card access readers, attendance trackers and many other options for our commercial customers. Stay in the know about after-hours activity with customizable access, multiple keypad user codes and camera monitoring. Advanced yet easy to use, The Slomin's Shield® is the best choice to protect your home or business.


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Gene Simmons Calls it Quits
KISS frontman Gene Simmons has called it quits for his reality show 'Gene Simmons Family Jewels'.
Afer seven seasons showing more than 160 episodes the A&E reality show that follows Gene Simmons and his family is finished. Simmons released a statement saying: "With KISS on tour and my other business commitments, we have decided to draw the final curtain on our show. It has been a wonderful, life-altering experience for our family…This is not the end of our story, it's the beginning of a new chapter."
The ups and downs of the show were definitely entertaining to watch, but the highlight for me was seeing Gene finally marry his longtime girlfriend, whom he has children with, Shannon Tweed. They always say it's best to go out on a high note, and they sure did.


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Who says 'Little Red Riding Hood' has nothing to do with math?
Certainly not George Gadanidis, whose research at The University of Western Ontario reimagines the fairytale classic to make mathematics fun and accessible for both kids and parents alike - while attempting to dismiss the notion math is akin to the 'Big Bad Wolf.'
The version he and his daughter Molly perform (seen at: brainyday.ca/fairytales/bigbadwolf.html) explores concepts related to shapes and even and odd numbers, while addressing the subtext of parents who scare their children away from math, based on their own prior negative experiences. (For web site, see:
As a professor in Western's Faculty of Education, Gadanidis and his colleagues have long worked to "break the negative cycle of math" by using song, dance and theatre to show how the manipulation and understanding of numbers can be fun. In the process, they hope to encourage people to discuss math problems as they would a book or a movie, and to break down math stigmas that have been perpetuated over generations.
"We've all heard children come home from school and answer 'nothing' when asked what they learned in math that day," Gadanidis says. "We hope to begin to change that."
He is also capitalizing on the emergence of new media, including YouTube, to spread positive messages about mathematics, while providing parents with an interactive framework for working through math equations with their children, and for breaking down communication barriers related to their education.
"We're using JoyofX.com to start building research performances, so we're publicly performing our research data, which is a unique thing," Gadanidis says. "This way, scholarly work is accessible to everyone and creates models teachers can use, which bridges the practical and the theoretical."
At the end of the day, he hopes to get parents, teachers and children talking about what they are learning in mathematics - in a positive manner, and without the generations-old stereotypes - by scripting lyrics that encourage such discussion, including: "I learned that even numbers/They hide in a rectangle…They play hide-and-seek/Take a look or take a peek/Bet you didn't know that even numbers/Hide in a rectangle."
These songs are often accompanied by exercises that use materials like linking tubes or chocolate bars that reinforce the concepts of performing math ideas to parents. "Young kids love to perform, especially when it's something worth performing," Gadanidis says.
In the process, Gadanidis hopes to begin to change the impression of math from the public end, creating change in the classroom that leads to changes at home. "Province-wide testing creates stress for Grade 3 students, but teachers want the students to do well, so they're willing to experiment," Gadanidis says. "This project focuses on big math ideas and communication skills."
The Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC)-funded project is heavily inter- and cross-disciplinary, often integrating partnerships with writers and poets, mathematicians, scientists and other educators across the country and around the world.
Explore further: Understanding Math Day By Day


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London, England - Drivers are putting lives at risk by taking 'selfies' while behind the wheel.
According to a survey published in the UK on Thursday, one in 14 drivers (seven per cent) admitted to taking a photograph of themselves at the wheel.
The worst culprits were 18 to 24-year-olds, with one in nine of younger drivers confessing to the risky practice.
And nearly one in 10 of that age group said they had logged on to social media sites while driving, said the survey of 2000 drivers commissioned by the insurance price comparison site Confused.com
The 'selfie' driving practice was condemned by road safety charities Brake and the Institute of Advanced Motorists.
"This is a case of selfie selfishness."
Laura Woods of Brake said: "Using a phone in any way at the wheel dramatically increases the risk of crashing and killing or seriously injuring somebody."
The Institute of Advanced Motorists called for a police clampdown on drivers who use a mobile phone at the wheel. The fines for culprits were increased from £60 (R1077) to £100 (R1795) in August 2013 last.
Confused.com said there were hashtags prompting social media users to take photos of themselves and post them online when behind the wheel.
Spokesman Gemma Stanbury said: "Taking your eye off the road, just for a second, to read an alert or take a photo can have potentially fatal results."
Daily Mail


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Over the weekend, Kim Kardashian followed up her all-nude Harper's Bazaar pictorial (released last week) with another talked-about photo session: featuring a new feline friend.
"Pic from my shoot yesterday...good kitty cat!" she wrote beneath a new TwitPic. In the snapshot, the 29-year-old, wearing long leather black gloves and a cleavage-bearing top, holds a black cat by the scruff of its neck.
The reality star drew ire from some fans on Twitter, who worried that she was causing pain to the kitty -- and finally defended herself on her blog. "Rest assured, the owner and vet were on set and showed me how to pick him up," Kardashian wrote. The cat was not harmed in any way and is perfectly fine! I love animals and would never do anything to harm animals."
Tell Us: what do you think of the photo?


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Everybody unwinds from a stressful day differently—some people get a massage, while others watch a flame engulf a big pile of tires. Let tension melt away with this Groupon.
Choose from Three Options
- $75 for $150 worth of spa services
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The spa menu includes a full spread of Aveda services, such as 90-minute Elemental Nature facials ($105), 60-minute stone massages ($90), and specialized packages ($75–$335).
Milagros Salon Spa
While studying hairdressing in the late 1980s at an Aveda salon, Lisa Vann fell in love with the company's products and global ethics. She decided to further her relationship with the beauty business by helping to develop new Aveda haircare lines and traveling the world to demonstrate the brand's products and techniques to other salon professionals. The owner and acclaimed stylist of Milagros Salon Spa has had her work featured in several publications, including Glamour, Marie Claire, and Essence, and received four consecutive nominations for international hairstylist of the year from the Canadian Mirror Awards.
In keeping with Lisa's Aveda upbringing, Milagros's staff performs each salon and spa treatment with botanically derived Aveda products. Stylists brighten strands and fading area rugs using Aveda Full Spectrum hair color blended from 97% natural ingredients. Body treatments—such as the rosemary-mint wrap and sea-salt polish—and custom facials detoxify and balance skin with plant extracts and hydrating creams.


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This banner reads 'Omnia Vincit Amor' in Latin, which means 'Love Conquers All'.
Delicate and finely detailed, this versatile ring can be worn individually or added to any ring stack. Size down to wear as a midi ring.
Additional ring sizes are available upon request.
Rings are handcrafted to order and may take an extra 3 business days to ship.
Collections: Charm Rings, Love
Pyrrha has been handcrafting talisman jewelry using time honored, old-world techniques from its studio in Vancouver, Canada since 1995.
Read more.
© 2017 Pyrrha. All rights Reserved. | Terms & Conditions | Privacy Policy | Customer Service: 1.877.479.7742


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UCLA's bid to play in the Pacific 12 Conference title game against Stanford was derailed by Arizona State in the Rose Bowl last Saturday before 70,131 fans as the Bruins fell behind by 22 points at the half, erupted for 20 points in the second half, and were upended, 38-33.
The Sun Devils captured the Pac-12 South Division and will face the Cardinal with the winner likely to meet undefeated Ohio State in the Rose Bowl Game on New Year's Day.
UCLA redshirt sophomore quarterback Brett Hundley completed 18 of 26 passes for 253 yards, but was intercepted in the opening half and sacked nine times.
Arizona State (9-2 and 7-1 in conference) gained 223 yards on the ground with quarterback Taylor Kelly accounting for a game-best 99 yards on 22 carries.
The No. 14 Bruins (8-3 and 5-2 in conference) managed 151 yards rushing with Myles Jack leading the way with 86 yards on 16 carries.
Kelly also flourished when throwing the football as he finished with 225 yards on 20 of 27 attempts and no picks and was sacked three times.
Kelly's three-yard keeper with 12:26 left in the first quarter gave the No. 19 Sun Devils a 7-0 lead and closed a 76-yard march.
The Bruins answered on Hundley's 42-yard strike to wide receiver Devin Lucien that tied it 16 seconds later, but the Sun Devils outscored UCLA 28-6 from that point and led 35-13 with five seconds left in the second quarter.
After Ka'imi Fairbairn's 48-yard field goal with 3:30 showing in the initial quarter gave UCLA a 10-7 lead, Arizona State running back D.J. Foster's three-yard romp with 32 seconds left in the same quarter made it 14-10.
When Hundley's pass was intercepted by Carl Bradford and returned 18 yards for a touchdown early in the second quarter, the Sun Devils' lead swelled to 11 points.
Michael Eubank's one-yard blast finalized a 12-play, 69-yard drive as 2:36 remained before the intermission that made it 28-10, and when Kelly marched the Sun Devils 62 yards and found wide receiver Jaelen Strong (91 yards on six catches) with a 19-yard toss, the Bruins trailed, 35-13.
UCLA reversed its fortunes in the second half and exploded for three touchdowns that closed the gap to five points.
The onslaught began when Jack scored on a three-yard run and 11:38 left in the third quarter that got the Bruins within 15 points.
When running back Paul Perkins (60 yards on eight carries) crossed the goal line with a one-yard burst less than four minutes later, UCLA crawled within eight points, and Hundley's 27-yard bullet to wide receiver Shaquelle Evans (80 yards on six receptions) and 11:25 left in the final quarter, Arizona State's lead dwindled to five points.
Ishmael Adams gave the Bruins excellent field position all game as he totaled 185 yards on five kickoff returns and 49 yards on one punt return. A 69-yard return set up Fairbairn's 23-yard kick late in the second quarter that made it 28-13.
Fairbairn failed to hit the target on a 33-yarder and 39-yarder, but Zane Gonzalez's 28-yard field goal with 1:07 left in the third quarter gave the Sun Devils a 38-27 edge.
Rick Assad has been a sportswriter for more than two decades. He has a political science degree from UCLA, a journalism degree from CSUN, is a staff writer for diamondboxing.com, and is a columnist for socalboxing.wordpress.com. You may e-mail him at firstname.lastname@example.com.


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THE hunt is on this Easter at Dorchester's Dinosaur Museum.
It is holding its Great Easter Dinosaur Hunt daily until Monday, April 21.
The challenge involves children hunting throughout the museum to spot the dinosaur eggs on display and solve the dinosaur mystery.
Youngsters will be able to explore the museum's exciting mix of fossils, skeletons and life-size dinosaur reconstructions and experience its hands-on, interactive audiovisual displays.
A museum spokesman said: "The largest dinosaur egg in the museum is about the size of a melon and is from a sauropod dinosaur, and was discovered in China.
"Another type of dinosaur egg is smaller and is from an oviraptor that originates from Mongolia.
"Dinosaur nests have been found in groups indicating that dinosaurs exhibited some sort of social behaviour, and it is most likely that some dinosaurs were caring and raised their young."
The museum is open daily from 10am to 5pm and children who solve the mystery will receive a special fun dinosaur prize.
Call 01305 269880 or visit thedinosaurmuseum.com.


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Berlin (May. 10)
An exhibition of the portraits of the great Jewish painter, Professor Max Liebermann, the President of the Berlin Academy of Art, was opened here yesterday afternoon in the galleries of the Berlin Art Association, inpreparation for the celebrations which are to be arranged for his 85th. birthday, which will occur on July 20th. The Minister of Education and Fine Arts, Dr. Grimme, and Ministerial Councillor Haslinde, the head of the Arts Department of the Ministry, were among those present at the opening, which was performed by Professor Carl Langhammer, the President of the Berlin Art Association.
There are 33 Liebermann portraits on exhibition, painted between 1880 and 1932. The most recent is a portrait of the surgeon Sauerbruch.
All the newspapers print long appreciations of Professor Liebermann in connection with the Exhibition.


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Guns for Sale - Colt -- 1917 D.A. United States Property .45 ACP Revolver
Guns for Sale - Revolvers For Sale - Item# 9451162
|Buyer Tip: If you're the High Bidder above, you're the High Bidder in this auction. All Auctions are conducted in Pacific Standard Time.
Seller's Description:
Penny Auctions!!!!
Manufacturer: Colt
Condition: New
Model: 1917 D.A.
Caliber/Gauge: .45 ACP
Approx Man. Date: 1917-1918
Serial Number: 225262
Approx Barrel Length: 5 1/2"
Description: Up for Auction is Colt 1917 DA "United States Property" .45 ACP revolver. It is in excellent condition. The "United States Revolver, Caliber .45, M1917" was produced to fill a gap in the availability of the M1911 .45 automatic pistol, then the standard U.S. Army pistol. Colt and Remington were producing the M1911 at capacity, along with many other military arms, when the need for more pistols for World War I became urgent. Production of the M1911 could not meet all requirements, so orders were placed with both Colt and Smith & Wesson for a heavy frame revolver that would be compatible with the .45 ACP cartridge used by the M1911 automatic. The revolvers chosen by the U.S. Army were the Colt New Service and the S&W Hand Ejector pistols, both being produced at the time for the British .455 Webley cartridge, to be modified for the .45 ACP. Designated the "United States Revolver, Caliber .45, M1917" for both weapons, Colt and S&W each delivered over 150,000 pistols to the U.S. Government. The M1917 pistols were standard issue for all U.S. forces during World War I and up until World War II. The vastly greater number of troops and increased production of the M1911A1 automatic relegated the revolver to use by Military Police and security personnel during the war. They were phased out afterward, replaced by the M1911A1 in most roles.
The Smith & Wesson Model 1917 was adapted from the Second Model .44 Hand Ejector, chambered and re-barreled for .45 ACP and with the cylinder slightly shortened to allow for the half-moon clips. A shoulder was machined into the cylinder to allow cartridges to be easily removed without the half-moon clips, a distinguishing feature vs. the Colt New Service based M1917. The butt end has a lanyard ring in the center and the pistols were marked there with "US Army Model 1917- No. xxxx". "United States Property" is stamped on the bottom of the barrel or top of receiver. The revolvers were originally blued, with plain walnut grips. Many M1917 revolvers were rebuilt during and after World War II. These may have a parkerized finish that was applied during arsenal rebuild or under a refurbish contract with the manufacturer. Must See Pics!! It will be $15 Shipping to your FFL. Good Luck and Happy Bidding!!
PA residents must pay 6% sales tax on all purchases.
Our Experienced Staff Has Visually Inspected This Firearm.
Please E-mail Us with ANY Questions!!
Please Visit Our Other Auctions For More Great Deals!!!!
Terms and Conditions:
Please Check Your Local and State Laws Before Bidding. No Firearms will be shipped to the state of California. Other states may also prohibit you from owning a firearm or item that is legal in our state. It is your responsibility to know what YOU can and cannot own. Remember your bid is a contract, not something that can be retracted or taken back. Please know what you are doing before you place a bid, for both of our sakes. Thank-You Sportsmans Supply.
We gladly accept all Curio and Relic licenses as long as the gun in question is ATF classified as a Curio & Relic. Please do not ask to use a Curio and Relic on a non classified gun, we will NOT accept them. Thank- you for your consideration in this manner.
PAYMENT: We accept all major credit cards, money orders, cashiers checks, personal checks. Personal checks require a
ten day hold, no exceptions. There is NO surcharge fee for credit cards.
Please Visit Our Other Auctions For More Great Deals!!!!
We Are Conveniently Located Approximately 25 Miles North of Pittsburgh.
And Now For The Pictures!!!!
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|Buyer Tip: Seller assumes all responsibility for listing this item. If you have any questions regarding this item, you should contact the Seller before bidding. You can contact the seller by clicking on the seller's nickname. The Seller is required to give the Buyer a minimum of three days to inspect any firearm sold through Auction Arms. See the Auction Arms Terms and Conditions for details.


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Polly will listen to and work with ALL Longmont residents, businesses, and public officials to preserve and improve JOBS, HOUSING, EDUCATION, and PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE & SERVICES.
She also stands for:
- Affordable Housing
- Fracking Ban within Longmont City Limits
- Renewable Energy Credit
- Fair Campaign Act
- Medical Marijuana
- Respectful and Fair Community Relations
- Speeding up FasTracks to Longmont
- We need to actively recruit more quality, sustainable, forward-thinking, businesses. We need more jobs; better, living wage jobs with paths to careers. We need to stop wooing and offering tax breaks to large, wealthy, multinational, big box chain stores, who offer nothing but part-time, minimum wage jobs with no benefits. It is immoral when an employee exchanges the days and years of their life for a paycheck that will not even put a basic roof over their head, adequate food for their children, or enough money for the fuel or a bus ticket to get to work! Furthermore, these employees cannot afford to contribute much in terms of our city tax base and even require some city help which further strains our community services. In effect, we are subsidizing these companies twice.
- We also need a strategy for connecting the unemployed with businesses that need employees. There are good hard-working people in Longmont who have been trying for years to get a job and now are so discouraged that they have given up. Most employers refuse to hire anyone who has been out of work for more than a few months. We need a mentor or liaison who will follow up and find out why someone was not hired, so people can get some feedback and return to work. A stronger partnership with Workforce Boulder County would help.
- We need to stop subsidizing more big box chain stores. Longmont's current small businesses cannot possibly compete with these goliaths on price. A dominance of big box stores will undermine the diversity of our business community. We should support programs to bring people to Longmont's charming downtown and its unique business community.
Quality education for ALL is critical to our community's future. Education is an economic driver for good jobs and makes our community one that both individuals and businesses WANT to invest in.
- Although the St. Vrain Valley School District is not under the control of the City of Longmont, we should do all we can do be supportive of its needs. We need to collaborate with the school system to maximize our resources and help prepare our children for the 21st century. Access for both the public school system and Front Range Community College access to Longmont's fiber optic system would be a boon to all.
- Keeping Front Range Community College in Longmont is essential. FRCC has already outgrown the space they are in, and the lease is up in six years. Let's help FRCC find a good, centrally-located permanent space near an RTD line!
- Supporting adult education and English as a Second Language is also essential to our community's well-being. Adult education is often the only affordable path to better opportunities and a better life for both those who dropped out, those who are only high school graduates, or to those who are new to America. When my father emigrated to this country, he was a dairy foreman all day; his only access to English, citizenship, and chemical engineering classes was through night school. This is still the basic situation for many. Longmont is a diverse and welcoming community, and as the old saying goes, "We all do better when we all do better."
Without higher quality jobs and quality education for ALL, we cannot maintain our tax base to protect the fine public infrastructure and services that make Longmont the place we choose to live. Individuals and businesses will not come here; individuals and businesses will not stay.
- I support the ballot referendum for the development of our city-owned fiber optics. This should be a tremendous boon to recruiting high-quality, innovative, and sustainable businesses, as well as producing faster and cheaper service to residents of Longmont. It is a wonderful addition to our public infrastructure. We need to study other cities who have their own fiber optics networks. We can learn from both their successes and failures.
- Our sound infrastructure and good social services helped us to survive the floods. During the recent storms, we have all seen the difference this makes. Our water plant never stopped producing clean water. Our sewage plant and lines kept working. Our streets were kept clean and blockaded for safety, when needed. Our trash and recycling were still picked up. Our electricity had fewer and briefer shortages than most other towns in the region. Our forestry department stayed on top of the damage. Our police and fire-rescue people worked long and heroically, as did city staff at the Senior Center, Roosevelt Park, and the other shelters. They provided critical social services. These public goods are what our tax money provides: the invisible things we take for granted, but without which our community slowly falls apart. We can look for greater efficiencies, but we must not make drastic cuts to funding of our public infrastructure and services.


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As people worry over energy bills, ex-ministers get €157,000 'to find a job'
Malta's €25 million tuna claim under investigation
Malta's claims concerning some €25 million worth of live bluefin tuna, caught in 2007, are currently the subject of an international investigation after being openly rubbished by conservation groups, MaltaToday can confirm.>>
Government presents four-page dossier on tariffs to trade unions
Air Malta launches second voluntary redundancy scheme
Police leaves ministry in the dark over MCAST charges
Ministry stands by taxation on hybrid vehicles
Herrera wary of Chief Justice's assignment of cases
AD reports raw sewage discharge to Commission
Worker-director at BOV should be retained
Labour calls on government to drop Ghadira road plans
Doctors banned from endorsing products, services
Muscat's reform: far reaching but too late?
Packaging firms reduced to 32-hour week
No ruling yet on energy bills capping for big businesses
Any comments?
All the interviews from Reporter on MaltaToday's YouTube channel.
Robert Henry Bugeja
A taste of Ebba's sketches
An honorary Maltese, a visionary artist
Ebba is the embodiment of inseparability'
The Julian Manduca Award


text:
Patagonia Crag Daddy Pack 45L
This crag pack carryall provides easy access through a duffel-style opening and features an internal frame for a comfortable carry, even when fully loaded.
- Superdurable Cordura® Ballistic nylon for puncture and abrasion resistance with a DWR (durable water repellent) finish
- Massive main compartment with duffel-bag-style opening makes loading and unloading gear simple; zippered stash pocket for guidebooks; stretch-mesh water-bottle side pockets
- Side compression straps accommodate various loads
- Open, highly breathable mesh shoulder straps and back panel; padded waist strap; adjustable sternum strap; load lifters
- Large reinforced grab handles
- Internal stash pocket
- Available in two sizes: S/M, L/XL
- 1,190 g (2 lbs 10 oz)
Size Chart
Body: 7.4-oz 630-denier 100% nylon (50% recycled/50% high-tenacity) plain weave with a polyurethane coating.
Base: 9.25-oz 940-denier Cordura® Ballistic 100% nylon with a polyurethane coating.
Both treated with a DWR (durable water repellent) finishView The Footprint Chronicles
Water Resistant
DWR (durable water repellent) fabric finish repels light rain and snow and decreases dry times. When DWR is used in conjunction with a waterproof/breathable barrier, the DWR finish keeps the outer fabric from becoming saturated so that the breathable barrier can do its job.
Recycled Nylon
Although we've been using recycled polyester in our garments for 20 years, for some reason locked deep in polymer chemistry, nylon is more difficult to recycle than polyester. After years of research, development, and testing, we're finally finding some recycled nylon fibers that are suitable for apparel.
Some of the recycled nylon we use comes from post-industrial waste fiber, yarn collected from a spinning factory, and waste from the weaving mills that can be processed into reusable nylon fiber.
We're diligently searching for a success story with recycled nylon. The challenge lies ahead of us, and we're committed to discovering the best methods to recycle nylon fiber, but it appears this evolution will take many years.
Do you own this product? Let us know what you think. Read Privacy Policy


text:
|You are in: In Depth: Donald Dewar
Tuesday, 17 October, 2000, 19:41 GMT 20:41 UK
Moderator's prayer
Rev Alexander:
The gathering prayer of the service will be offered by the Rt Rev Andrew MacLellan, moderator of the general assembly of the Church of Scotland.
A friend of Donald's and a fellow-graduate of the University of Glasgow, whose motto down the centuries has been "Via, Veritas, Vita - The Way, the Truth, The Life". And this will shape the moderator's prayer.
Rt Rev MacLellan:
"The rank is but the guinea's stamp
"The rank was the highest in the land; but the man was pure gold
"Let us pray to God who holds in love all people, all nations and all faiths
"On the way Donald has been the companion of Glasgow people, men and women and children whom he simply loved;
"For our companion in the truth, who knew so much and understood so much, we give thanks to God.
"So now, as we seek the truth without him, we bless God for Donald's wisdom and clarity and light.
"Today our prayers are for Marion and Ian and for Hazel and for all those for whom the pain is more than they can bear.
"So in thankfulness for this good, useful, cheerful and truly human life, let Glasgow flourish, let Scotland stand firm and let the morning stars shout together for joy."
Lord's Prayer
Our Father who art in heaven
Internet links:
The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites
Top Donald Dewar stories now:
Links to more Donald Dewar stories are at the foot of the page.
|E-mail this story to a friend
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text:
So my third date with this guy called Simon went rather well. We met in a pub near my flat and when last orders rang headed back to mine. At last we were going to shag. It's unusual, in the gay world, to wait that long before jumping into bed. As we turned into my street, I spotted a gang of boys ahead, mucking around with skateboards. To my alarm, one of them was my 15-year-old son. "Hi Pops," he said, as the whole gang looked first at me and then at Simon.
"What are you doing out so late?" I asked.
"What are you doing out so late?" he replied cheekily.
"I'm older," I said.
"Well, I'm taller."
His friends laughed; he was on a roll.
I remembered that Simon was standing next to me. "This is my, er, friend Simon. Simon, this is Aidan."
Thank God I'd revealed that I had once been married, and had two kids, on our second date. However, Simon meeting Aidan tonight, all 6ft of him, turned the abstract into an all-too present reality. I told Aidan it was time for him to go home; his mum would be worried. He hugged me good night, nodded at Simon, and we walked off up the street. I could feel several sets of eye staring at our backs.
"He seemed nice," said Simon, trying to break the awkward silence. "He's very tall."
I tried to remember if I'd lied about his age or not…


text:
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We are a complete end to end vaporizer solution. Providing everything from Vaporizer education for employees to no minimum purchases and warranty repairs; GotVape is your partner in vaporization.
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text:
In this issue:
"The Case of the Sleeping Slayer": The mind's delirium can turn tragically real in the neurological netherworld between sleep and wakefulness.
"Mind in Motion": The idea of paralyzed people controlling their limbs by thought is no longer a fantasy.
"Machines of the Infinite": A machine's ability to quickly answer yes-or-no questions could affect everything from national security to the limits of human knowledge.
"The Great Climate Debate": How far we can push the planet?
Want more Scientific American?
©2012 Scientific American
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Linon Titian End Table, Antique Tobacco
Our Price: $102.55
List Price: $209.99, You Save: 51%, No Sales Tax, Except CT
Product Reviews
Our Titian Collection has a simple yet eye-catching design that is matched with incredible durability. The End Table features a simple body that makes it perfect for any space. A gracious tabletop and spacious bottom shelf provide ample storage and display space. A neutral, classic Antique Tobacco finish allows this piece to easily complement your homes decor.
(W = side to side) (D = front to back) (H = top to bottom)
20"W x 17-5/7"D x 22"H
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text:
Ibrahim, Mohd. Faisal (2006) Fuzzy modelling and control for a nonlinear reboiler system of a distillation column. Masters thesis, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Electrical Engineering.
PDF (Full text)
Restricted to Repository staff only
Most process control systems are complex and nonlinear in nature. To design a good controller for these systems, accurate models are needed. Most of the available conventional plant modelling techniques cater linear plants and therefore in most cases, inaccurate nonlinear plant models are obtained which in turn resulted in poor control performance. In view of this, the thesis explored the Fuzzy modelling technique based on Takagi-Sugeno (TS) method for modelling a reboiler system of a distillation column. Model parameters are tuned using Genetic algorithm (GA) and Recursive least square (RLS). The Unbiasedness criterion (UC) is applied for structure identification. Data from simulation system that represents the actual plant is used in model development. Fuzzy model obtained using the proposed technique is compared with various other modelling techniques such as the conventional Fuzzy model and linear model. The result shows that the technique proposed gives a more accurate model as compared to the other methods. The optimized Fuzzy model obtained is used to design a Fuzzy controller for the temperature control of the vessel of the distillation column. Manipulated variables for the Fuzzy controller are heat from electrical heater and flowrate of silicon oil in the reboiler system. Genetic algorithm (GA) is used to tune the parameters of the Fuzzy controller. The performance of the Fuzzy controller using the optimized Fuzzy model is better than using the linear model
|Item Type:
|Thesis (Masters)
|Additional Information:
|Thesis (Master of Engineering (Electrical)) - Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 2006
|Uncontrolled Keywords:
|Process control systems; Fuzzy modelling technique based on Takagi-Sugeno (TS) method; Genetic algorithm (GA) and Recursive least square (RLS); The Unbiasedness criterion (UC)
|T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering
|Electrical Engineering
|ID Code:
|Deposited By:
|Ms Zalinda Shuratman
|Deposited On:
|20 Mar 2007 00:53
|Last Modified:
|03 Jul 2012 03:47
Repository Staff Only: item control page


text:
Jerusalem (CNSNews.com) - Israeli troops entered the West Bank city of Bethlehem on Monday for the third time since last week's deadly suicide bombing in Jerusalem that left 11 Israelis dead.
Military sources described the operation as "a pinpointed activity against the terrorist infrastructure in the al-Aida refugee camp."
The sources would not confirm if the raid had anything to do with last week's terrorist attack on a Jerusalem bus but Ali Yusef Jaara, Thursday's bomber, was from that camp and was a member of the al-Aksa Martyrs Brigades, part of Palestinian Authority Chairman Yasser Arafat's Fatah faction.
Earlier Monday, at least three Palestinians were killed in exchanges of gunfire in the Gaza Strip as Israeli forces tried to arrest a wanted Islamic Jihad leader. When Israeli troops approached the building where the militant was living, a grenade was hurled at them and gunmen inside the house opened fire, the army said.
In the ensuing exchange of gunfire, an armed Islamic Jihad militant was killed along with at least two other armed Palestinians.
Press reports named the Islamic Jihad militant as Yasser Abu al-Aesh, a senior local leader who lost both of his legs and an arm when an Israeli tank shell hit a squad of terrorists firing rockets a year ago. Four other Palestinians were killed in that incident.
Al-Aesh's brother Hussein was also reportedly killed in Monday's clashes.
Last week, five Islamic Jihad militants as well as several civilians were killed in clashes with Israeli troops in the Gaza Strip. The army said the squad had been responsible for launching mortar shells and Kassam rockets at the nearby settlement of Netzarim.


text: Assisting the Front Desk of the Service (housekeeping and maintenance department) or in scheduling of routine residential maintenance, repair and/or property deliveries, data entry needed for work orders, assist newly hired housekeepers and inspectors communicate from the field back into the office. Must be comfortable working in coastal environment. Experience in over-the-phone customer service, internet navigation, Outlook, Word and Excel. Property Plus experience also a plus. Clean driving record, ability to work in team environment, and excellent oral and written communication skills. Position is seasonal and requires a flexible work schedule to include weekends and holidays.


text:
Slow 4-20 in Redwood Park
ARCATA- Redwood Park was empty Sunday as all marijuana and smoking laws were strictly enforced by Arcata Police Officers.
All cars were blocked off from driving into the park and officers surrounded the area. Signs warned visitors of the strict policies before they entered.
The event would previously attract thousands into the area to partake in the unofficial event inside the park on 4-20. Over the past years Police have increased their presents. Sgt. Det. Todd Dokweiler of the Arcata Police Department said the day has become mostly a non-event.


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Welcome to Roepke's Village Inn!
Tucked away in the beautiful Wisconsin countryside, Roepke's Village Inn – Charlesburg has been family owned for over 40 years. The family carries on the tradition and upholds the standard of casual cozy atmosphere; friendly, caring staff; and fresh, top notch food.
The supper club traces its roots back to the 19th century, when it was a tavern, hotel, store, and barbershop. The building has undergone many changes, but the attention to detail has not changed. Roepke's is well-known for its famous salad bar with recipes that have been handed down over the years. There is a wide variety of fresh, handmade salads prepared in our kitchen by our culinary staff. We have guests that love to 'make a meal' of just the salad bar!!!
The supper club has built its reputation on hand-cut, flavorful steaks; a range of fish and seafood selections; and a wide variety of specialty items. A few of our most popular specialties include a German Schnitzel entree; roast duck; prime rib; cashew chicken; BBQ ribs; cold water lobster; blackened salmon and of course the traditional Friday night fish fry.
Take a short ride in the country to enjoy what everyone is talking about at Roepke's Village Inn, located in the charming village of Charlesburg, Wisconsin.


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FrameMaker for Word: Custom Master Pages [in depth]
About This Episode
Certified Adobe instructor, Barb Binder, shows you how swiftly you can customize master pages in FrameMaker 11. See how much power you have at your disposal, with a series of simple steps, to achieve just the look-and-feel that you required in pagination for print and PDF output. As Barb says, "you can do it too!"
Get the latest tutorials, information and more about any Adobe cloud solution on Adobe Learn.


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October 24, 2016JBC313 and JBC323 Mini PCs with Dual Intel LAN and AES-NI
July 13, 2016Gigabyte and Zotac's Mini-ITX sized GTX 1070 and GTX 1060
April 05, 2016Mini-STX Roundup
September 02, 2015Intel introduce 5x5 boards
August 27, 2015AMD's Project Quantum
August 13, 2015The Redstone PC is the ultimate Mini-ITX Minecraft Machine
August 05, 2015First Wave of Intel Skylake Z170 Mini-ITX Boards
January 05, 2015CES 2015: MSI Z97I Gaming ACK Mini-ITX Motherboard
January 05, 2015CES 2015: Silverstone SG13 Mini-ITX Chassis
October 09, 2014The "Restomod TV"
Buy stuff from us!Mini-ITX Online Store
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Home | News Archive | February 2009
NVIDIA's ION reference platform reviewed, benchmarkedFebruary 04, 2009
NVIDIA's ION reference platform squeezes a 1.6GHz dual core Atom 330 processor and GeForce 9400GM chipset onto a Pico-ITX board inside a suspiciously ARTiGO-like enclosure.
The keyword here is reference - NVIDIA have built a small number of units to demonstrate the graphics chipset that they would like to see power the next generation of Atom-powered netbooks later this year. Sadly, the world's fastest Pico-ITX isn't going to be available in the shops any time soon (or perhaps even at all).
Intel aren't resting on their laurels, and will be integrating graphics directly into the next generation of Atom CPU in the form of their (codenamed) 'Pine Trail-D' platform. Both technologies are expected sometime from the second half of 2009.
All of this is good news for Mini-ITX, as low power consumption mobile technology is fair game to be repurposed onto Mini-ITX motherboards, and both technologies look extremely promising.
The netbook market is many times larger than Mini-ITX, but we may still see a 9400GM chipset on our favourite 17 x 17cm form factor. Intel have supported Mini-ITX with their own Atom Mini-ITX boards recently and we don't expect that to stop with Pineview.
NVIDIA have crammed the ports into their demo ION units, utilising two sides of the case. HDMI, DVI, Gigabit Ethernet and USB on one side, eSATA, more USB and plenty of Audio outputs on the other. Early reviews of the ION show it to have advantages in the 3D graphics, H264 decoding and encoding departments - exactly as you would expect from NVIDIA.
PC Perspective and Hot Hardware both got their hands on an ION and you can check out their reviews here:
PC Perspective looks at the ION
Hot Hardware looks at the ION
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Hurricane Earl was upgraded to a "major category three" storm this morning by the National Hurricane Center. It looks like Labor Day Weekend could be rather wild for some of us. The last hurricane to hit the northeast was 1991's Hurricane Bob.
Hurricane Earl Aims For East Coast
Posted on 30 Aug 2010 at 10:44am


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And Scottish arguments were done no favours as they fell to England 13-6 in their RBS 6 Nations opener, despite breaking the English defensive line on more than one occasion.
The hard-fought loss at Murrayfield was a fourth game in a row without a try for Andy Robinson's side, but Lamont assures the Scottish faithful it is not for want of trying.
"We know we can do it but I know we've said that a lot recently and it's been the same old story - close but no cigar," Lamont told the Scotsman.
"We have got to turn things around. It's been years of so close but not quite. We can only say that so often.
"Everybody goes on about a lack of tries but it's not for the want of trying on the part of the players.
"We had a ridiculous stat for the massive amount of possession in the opposition 22 against England last time but, barring Greig Laidlaw's chip and chase which went to the video ref, we crossed the whitewash just once
"It's been knock-ons and generally things like little turnovers, people making a break then a lofted pass doesn't go to hand and momentum is lost.
"It's not far to put it right. We can do it but we just have to believe."


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Back in May, a few of us girls here at The Green Kangaroo were surprised with a trip to New York City to attend the National Stationery Show. The few wide-eyed days we spent there admiring the skyline and hailing cabs were grand! The explorer in me, however, remained curious after our trip… so I made it my mission to book a flight back with my fella for a Big Apple birthday adventure.
Art and architecture were the highlights of our trip and of this here travel inspired post. The history that lies along those streets stacked high with modern structures is mesmerizing and the very buildings that contain art treasures from centuries ago to present day are but works of art themselves.
You don't have to live in NYC to make your own history with a big city wedding. Capture a modern feel in pieces designed with clean lines and structural references. Open spaces with high ceilings and exposed brick walls and beams will feel like you're in a city loft. The American Tobacco Campus in North Carolina's Bull City, Durham, is home to Bay 7, a popular venue with architectural interest (pictured bottom right).
Take a cue from Broadway billboards to give your event some color and don't be shy to experiment. Even food can appear as curated works of art, in such cases as the baroque jellies (pictured top right) by English chefs, Bompas and Parr. Themed with inspiration from the "City that never sleeps" your wedding will be an adventure you'll always treasure.
Aren't tired of NYC yet? (Me either.) Head over to Pinterest for more inspiration.
Images: NYC Couple, New York Postcard, New York Ring, Brooklyn Bridge Neck Ties, BHLDN Pleated Dress (AMAZING!), City Lights Luminaries, Architectural Heel, Wedded Couple at Ink48 (we stayed there in May!), Bay 7 photo by Luster


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Before ice cream, cones were only filled with cheerleading chants and an overwhelming sense of responsibility for organizing traffic. Enjoy a conical dessert with this Groupon.
The Deal
- $10 for five sundaes (a $20 value)
- See the menu for a full list of flavors and toppings.
Bowls hold award-winning flavors churned from old-time batch custard machines. Use your punch card all at once or across multiple visits.
Pav's Creamery
Beginning with nothing more than a modest storefront equipped with a set of custard machines built in 1910, Pav's Creamery has anointed a bevy of cups and cones with sweet scoops throughout its long history. The shop still churns out the old-timey confections with the same machines, and staffers carry on the tradition by scooping loads of flavors into brownie bowls, banana splits, and milkshakes, which travel up straws and human-size hummingbird beaks in a range of creative flavors. Its decadent creations have earned Pav's Creamery multiple awards, including Best Ice Cream five years in a row from the Akron Beacon Journal and Best Ice Cream twice in a row from the Akron Canton Hot List.


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Runner Registration
Help us celebrate the Color Me Healthy 5K Run/Walk! The event will take place on September 19th, 2015 @ 8:30am at Desert Sky Middle School.
The Color Me Healthy 5K Run/Walk and Wellness Expo is a Vail School District community event that promotes wellness, healthiness, and happiness.
Online registration is no longer available.
Limited same day registrations are available on Saturday 9/19 beginning at 7:30am.
Cash or checks only.
If you would like to volunteer, please email Cindy Petersen at email@example.com
Vendor Registration
Interested in becoming a vendor for the Color Me Healthy Wellness Expo event on Saturday, September 19th @ 9:00am at Desert Sky Middle School? Click HERE to complete the Vendor Application.
*The District reserves the right to refuse exhibitor registration at its discretion.
5K Run/Walk Starts at 8:30AM.
Rock Wall
Bungee Trampoline
Complimentary Screenings
Chair Massages
Product Demonstrations
Exciting Exhibits
Flu Shots and Immunizations
School Performances
…and more!
Grand Prize – GoPro Action Camera
If you or your family would like to participate in the Rock Wall, Bungee Trampoline, or Chair Massages after the Run/Walk, we suggest that you bring a change of clothes with you.


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Bike sharing is coming to Austin!
December 13, 2013
Bike sharing is coming to Austin! On December 21, Austin B-cycle will launch downtown with 11 stations and 110 bikes available for short-term use. An additional 30 stations with 300 bikes will open by March 1, serving Austin from the Drag to Barton Springs.
PeopleForBikes is working with Austin B-cycle to support the launch and help spread the good word about bike sharing. We've seen bike sharing improve bicycling in other cities like New York and Chicago, especially when combined with safe places to ride like protected bike lanes. Now, it's Austin's turn to get the good stuff.
Bike sharing will transform Austin's urban core by making hopping on a bike something anyone can do. Bike sharing is also good for the local economy, a sought after amenity for employers, and a great way to show local businesses how biking can contribute to their bottom line.
2014 will be the Year of the Bicycle in Austin. You can get an early start by joining Austin B-cycle today!
Extra credit: If you're interested in being a PeopleForBikes volunteer for the launch, assisting at kiosks and attending our events, sign up here.blog comments powered by Disqus


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Call to Artists: Phoenix Fashion Week's Inspire Fashion T-Shirt Design Contest
If you're a fashion student (high school senior or currently enrolled in a two- or four-year college fashion-based program), Phoenix Fashion Week is now accepting applications for its third annual Inspire Fashion' T-shirt design contest. The winning sketch will be produced and made available online, at Phoenix Fashion Week's Style Villa Marketplace October 3 through 5, and at all Cabana Modern Apartment Homes' properties throughout the Valley.
See also: Phoenix Fashion Week 2013 Partial Design Lineup Announced
This is the first year Cabana Modern Apartment Homes (of Scottsdale-based Deco Communities) is partnering with PFW on its T-shirt design contest, although the companies first partnered together for PFW's Log-In Lounge at its MIM Rocks Fashion Show back in March. Cabana will be sponsoring the Log-In Lounge at Phoenix Fashion Week, which is setup for bloggers and media.
In addition to the winning design getting produced on t-shirts that will be available at the marketplace and Cabana properties, the design may be selected as part of a multi-million dollar Cabana Modern Apartments marketing campaign across the Valley and in Las Vegas, as well as in future Phoenix Fashion Week and other affiliated sponsors and partners advertising and marketing campaigns.
"This contest gives an opportunity for students who are just entering the fashion industry a way to showcase their designs to the public and the industry at large," says Ashley Cooper, last year's Inspire Fashion contest winner.
The winner will also receive a $1,000 scholarship that will be applied to his or her next semester.
"The Inspire Fashion T-Shirt Scholarship is very important to our overall spotlight on the important of local students being able to further their fashion educations," says Brian Hill, Phoenix Fashion Week executive director
Get your creative juices flowing quickly though; designs are due by Friday, September 6. Students may submit a computer graphic of the design, or a finished sample T-shirt. The design are it must incorporate the Phoenix Fashion Week name or logo.
For additional questions and to submit your digital submission, email email@example.com. Physical design samples can be mailed to Phoenix Fashion Week, 3316 E. Washington Street, Suite 201, Phoenix, AZ 85034.
Winners will be announced via email and to Phoenix Fashion Week's followers via Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram, @phxfashionweek. For more information, see www.phoenixfashionweek.com.
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Definition of infusorians
plural of infusorian 1
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Review/Music; More 'Ado' For Opera By Berlioz
By ALEX ROSS,
Published: January 15, 1993
BOSTON, Jan. 14— Hector Berlioz, who had perhaps the finest literary mind among 19th-century composers, loved Shakespeare above all else. Tragically, he was able to complete only one full operatic setting of a Shakespeare play: "Beatrice and Benedict," his final work. This refined adaptation of "Much Ado About Nothing" is the most workable of the Berlioz operas, but it is still difficult to bring off smoothly; the American premiere was only 33 years ago.
On Wednesday night the Boston Lyric Opera presented a new production of "Beatrice," created by Colin Graham, in which the Shakespearean element is expanded even beyond Berlioz's intentions. Mr. Graham, working in conjunction with the set and costume designer John Conklin (also his partner for "The Ghosts of Versailles"), has entirely revised the libretto, inserting direct excerpts from "Much Ado" in place of Berlioz's own dialogue. The performance, while not completely successful, continues the Lyric Opera's revival of opera in Boston, taking the place of Sarah Caldwell's moribund Opera Company of Boston. With recent productions of Blitzstein's "Regina" and of "Ariadne auf Naxos," this small company has established itself as a fresh and intriguing presence on the operatic scene.
In constructing his libretto, Berlioz concentrated on the sharp-edged romantic tension between Beatrice and Benedict. Mr. Graham recognized the durability of their snide flirtations by giving the production a generalized contemporary look. Mr. Conklin's set is an airy, white-and-blue grand foyer, an eternal bourgeois playground. The Sicilian setting is very much in the background; the principal players scamper about in snappy evening wear, dancing everything from the waltz to disco. Beatrice resembles Katharine Hepburn in one of her romantic comedies with perhaps a hint of Murphy Brown as well.
These post-Berlioz interpolations are not disruptive and in fact lend the production considerable charm. More problematic is Mr. Graham's attempt to fuse the musical numbers onto a full Shakespearean context (everything was in English). The intervening dialogues were aptly chosen, but the sung texts sometimes sounded awkward against the smooth lyrical lines. ("Il m'en souvient" becomes "Can I Forget.") And it asks a little too much of the singers to break into Shakespearean English every 10 or 15 minutes. But the cast on Wednesday night did reasonably well; any other company that can assemble a similarly versatile group of performers should take interest in this new performing edition, which was first done at the Opera Theater of St. Louis.
The crucial characters in this opera are the women; they receive the principal arias, some of the most effortless and ingratiating music of Berlioz's career. (Richard Strauss may have had this opera at the back of his mind when he was writing "Der Rosenkavalier" and its successors.) Lorraine Hunt, a soprano best known for her recordings of Handel, was a brilliant Beatrice, giving an emotionally intense rendition of "Il m'en souvient," and idiomatically snapping out the "Much Ado" dialogue. Jon Garrison, her counterpart as Benedict, sang handsomely but was not so convincing an actor; the opera came out perhaps too strongly weighted in Beatrice's direction.
The roles of Hero and Ursula, Beatrice's sly companions who maneuver her into a relationship with Benedict, are also vital: they have the opera's lyrical centerpiece, the "Nocturne" duet that closes the first act. Judith Lovat, as Hero, had some trouble in her grand coloratura satire but recovered to deliver a luminous "Nocturne" with Pamela Dillard. Steven Combs, James Bodge and Joseph McKee ably filled other roles. Robert Spano, the conductor, led the performance incisively, although the cramped space of the Emerson Majestic Theater was not favorable to the rich orchestration.
One of Mr. Graham's less desirable revisions involved Somarone, the incompetent and arrogant Kapellmeister whom Berlioz inserted as a wicked parody of his colleagues. (The particular target was Louis Jullien, fetishistic collector of batons.) The comic highlight of the opera is the performance of Somarone's "Grotesque Epithalamium," a turgidly fugal wedding hymn. With James Maddalena making broad comedy out of this figure and the chorus singing deliberately out of tune, Mr. Graham's version lacked subtlety, but I suppose it was more in tune with the Shakespearean paradigm. Beatrice and Benedict Opera in two acts by Hector Berlioz, libretto by the composer after Shakespeare's "Much Ado About Nothing"; conductor, Robert Spano; staged by Colin Graham; sets and costumes by John Conklin; lighting by Christopher Akerlind; choreography by Marcus Schulkind; English translation by Geoffrey Dunn. Performed by the Boston Lyric Opera at the Emerson Majestic Theater, 219 Tremont Street, Boston. Hero . . . Judith Lovat Ursula . . . Pamela Dillard Beatrice . . . Lorraine Hunt Leonato . . . James Bodge A Messenger . . . Eddie Rutkowski Don Pedro . . . Joseph McKee Claudio . . . Steven Combs Benedict . . . Jon Garrison Somarone . . . James Maddalena WITH: Sean Breen, David Cangelosi, Jesse Martin and Deanna Peden


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|From: Damien Lee (charlicon at gmail.com)
Date: Sat Sep 17 19:54:32 EDT 2011
Thanks all for the comments. I have solved the problem now. I suppose I should refrain from posting my full solution, though I am worried it's a bit hacky and inelegant. Basically, I found that the lists contained elements suitable of permuting about the leaves of the partial trees. It wasn't much code at all, but I imagine there's a better way. On 18/09/11 00:00, Todd O'Bryan wrote: > Something else to think about is how you get from one answer to the next. > > For example, it looks like (distinct-trees 2) is just (distinct-trees > 1) with a new tree added as both a left and right child. Ask yourself > how (distinct-trees 3) is related to (distinct-trees 2), how > (distinct-trees 4) is related to (distinct-trees 3), etc. I admit, I did notice the strikingly recursive nature of the problem after my pencil and paper experiments. At first, it reminded me of Fibonacci numbers and I was expecting to use memoization. I struggled to split the computation into pieces and emit distinct trees with this approach however, but I'd imagine it would be significantly more pleasant than my recursively nested mappings, the mechanics of which I fear I'll forget after a nights sleep. @sk That tool was neat, but I found it made a lot of the computation too explicit for my brain. Perhaps worryingly, I like to think I have an /*a posteriori*/ notion of how the recursion will unfold. It turned out that I needed a better visualisation of the structures. I don't know what happened, but the tracer language emitted the structures in a list form, whereas the racket language emitted them in a #<tree> form, and I was relying on the parenthesised dot notation. The list notation allowed me to see what I was missing. In this instance, I was gagging for a tree visualisation of my data, but I can appreciate that such a feature would likely be too specific for most use cases. I'm tempted to make a Graphviz library for cases like this. I noticed some code from the Git repo in play/blame_incremental but it doesn't seem to have been abstracted into a useful library, yet. It would also be nice if the source code browser would omit commented sections of code. Thanks again for all the help.
|Posted on the users mailing list.


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Rearrange the following Six sentences (1), (2), (3), (4), (5) and (6) in the proper sequence to form a meaningful paragraph; then answer the questions given below them—
1. I had paid a lot of attention during training and could easily answer the questions till I came to the last one. What is the name of the lady who cleans your floor?
2. 'Yes', he replied. "In your career you will meet many people all of whom are significant even if all you do is greeting them."
3. I thought the question was a joke. I had seen her but how would I know her name?
4. During my internship we were given a quiz to see how much we had learnt.
5. I have never forgotten this lesson.
6. I submitted my paper leaving the last question blank and asked the manager if it would count for assessment.
Which of the following will be the SECOND sentence after rearrangement?