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We hypothesized that the elevated primary O2 uptake (V˙o 2) amplitude during the second of two bouts of heavy cycle exercise would be accompanied by an increase in the integrated electromyogram (iEMG) measured from three leg muscles (gluteus maximus, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis). Eight healthy men performed two 6-min bouts of heavy leg cycling (at 70% of the difference between the lactate threshold and peakV˙o 2) separated by 12 min of recovery. The iEMG was measured throughout each exercise bout. The amplitude of the primary V˙o 2 response was increased after prior heavy leg exercise (from mean ± SE 2.11 ± 0.12 to 2.44 ± 0.10 l/min, P < 0.05) with no change in the time constant of the primary response (from 21.7 ± 2.3 to 25.2 ± 3.3 s), and the amplitude of theV˙o 2 slow component was reduced (from 0.79 ± 0.08 to 0.40 ± 0.08 l/min, P < 0.05). The elevated primary V˙o 2 amplitude after leg cycling was accompanied by a 19% increase in the averaged iEMG of the three muscles in the first 2 min of exercise (491 ± 108 vs. 604 ± 151% increase above baseline values,P < 0.05), whereas mean power frequency was unchanged (80.1 ± 0.9 vs. 80.6 ± 1.0 Hz). The results of the present study indicate that the increased primaryV˙o 2 amplitude observed during the second of two bouts of heavy exercise is related to a greater recruitment of motor units at the onset of exercise.
- O2 uptake primary component
- O2 uptake slow component
- electromyogram
- warm-up
gerbino et al.(12) originally observed that prior heavy exercise (above the lactate threshold) could significantly speed the overall O2 uptake (V˙o 2) kinetics during heavy exercise. These authors suggested that the residual lactic acidosis at the onset of the second heavy exercise bout may have led to vasodilatation and improved O2 delivery: alleviation of an O2 delivery limitation then led to a speeding of theV˙o 2 kinetics. These data and interpretations were supported by MacDonald et al. (22), who showed that both prior heavy exercise and inspiratory hyperoxia could reduce the "mean response time" during heavy exercise. However, a number of recent studies, which partitioned theV˙o 2 response into its three identifiable kinetic components, found no evidence of a speeding of the primaryV˙o 2 kinetics (7, 10, 11, 20,34). Instead, the speeding of the overallV˙o 2 kinetics noted by Gerbino et al. and MacDonald et al. could be attributed to a reduction in the amplitude of the V˙o 2 slow component (11). These recent reports suggest that O2 delivery is not limiting at the onset of heavy exercise and that some other mechanism is responsible for the characteristic effect of prior heavy exercise on the V˙o 2 response profile.
Our laboratory's most recent work on this issue (10) demonstrated that the reduction in the amplitude of theV˙o 2 slow component during a second bout of heavy exercise was preceded by an increase in the amplitude of the primary V˙o 2 response without a change in the primary V˙o 2 kinetics. We speculated that the elevated primary V˙o 2 amplitude observed after heavy exercise may have been the result of increased motor unit recruitment at the onset of heavy exercise. However, to date, this hypothesis remains untested. Recent work by Scheuermann et al. (34) suggests that patterns of motor unit recruitment do not play a significant role in the development of theV˙o 2 slow component or in the effects of prior heavy exercise. One limitation of this study, acknowledged by the authors, was the measurement of the integrated electromyogram (iEMG) of a single muscle group to infer the muscle activity responsible for power production during cycling.
Therefore, the aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the elevated primary V˙o 2 amplitude during the second of two bouts of heavy exercise is accompanied by an increase in iEMG during the primary phase of the response (i.e., in the first 2 min of exercise).
Eight healthy male subjects (mean ± SD, age 24 ± 4 yr; height 1.79 ± 0.04 m; mass 74.0 ± 5.1 kg; peakV˙o 2 51 ± 8 ml · kg−1 · min−1) gave written informed consent to participate in this study, which was approved by the ethics committee of the Manchester Metropolitan University.
Experimental design.
The subjects initially performed a ramp exercise test to estimate the ventilatory threshold (VT) and determine peakV˙o 2(V˙o 2 peak) (see below). Subsequently, on two separate occasions, the subjects performed two 6-min bouts of heavy leg cycle exercise separated by 12-min recovery. On one of the test days, "noninvasive" data [near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and electromyography (EMG)] were acquired. On the other test day, "invasive" data (muscle pH and arterialized venous blood) were acquired. Pulmonary gas exchange and heart rate (HR) were measured throughout all exercise tests, as described below.
Measurement of VT and V˙o2 peak.
The VT and V˙o 2 peak were determined by using a ramp exercise test (30 W/min) performed to the limit of tolerance on an electrically braked cycle ergometer (Ergoline, Jaeger). Subjects self-selected a cadence of 70–90 rpm and maintained this throughout all subsequent exercise tests. The breath-by-breath data were collected and displayed at 10-s intervals. The VT was determined visually as an increase in CO2 production relative toV˙o 2.V˙o 2 peak was taken as the highest 10-s value recorded before volitional exhaustion. The intensity of the heavy leg exercise bouts was set at a power output that would elicit aV˙o 2 that was 70% of the difference between VT and V˙o 2. This power output was chosen to maximize the potential effect of prior exercise on the response parameters measured.
Experimental protocol.
The protocol was similar in design to that of Burnley et al. (10). The subjects performed two "square-wave" bouts of heavy exercise of 6-min duration, separated by 12 min of recovery. The heavy exercise bouts were each preceded by 3 min of baseline pedaling (at 20 W, the lowest power output available on the cycle ergometer), and pulmonary gas exchange was measured breath by breath throughout exercise. This protocol was performed twice.
During one test session, NIRS and EMG data were acquired. The oxygenation status of the right vastus lateralis muscle at approximately midthigh was monitored by use of a commercially available NIRS system (Omron Heo-200). The system consisted of a probe attached to a data logger that received NIRS signals at 2 Hz. The probe consisted of two light-emitting diodes and two photodetectors, which detected photons at wavelengths of 840 [oxyhemoglobin (HbO2)] and 760 nm (Hb). The penetration depth when using these probes has been estimated at 2.5–3.0 cm (manufacturer's instructions). The NIRS data were collected continuously during exercise after the probe gain was set with the subject at rest in a seated position. The data were subsequently downloaded onto a personal computer, and the resulting text files were stored on disk for later analysis. The NIRS data represented a relative gain based on the optical density measured in the first datum collected and could not, therefore, be used to estimate absolute tissue O2saturation.
Surface EMG recordings from three muscles were made by using a radio telemetry system (MIE MT8, Medical Research, Leeds, UK). The left leg was used for EMG electrode placement. The leg was first shaved around the belly of the gluteus maximus, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis and rubbed with an abrasive gel. Bipolar silver-silver chloride electrodes were then attached to the belly of each muscle with a 2-cm center-to-center distance separating them. Earth electrodes for each muscle were placed over inert tissue (tendon, ligament, or bone). The electrodes were attached via preamplifiers to a telemetry belt that relayed the data to an analog-to-digital converter. All wiring connecting the electrodes to the belt were taped down to prevent movement artifact. EMG recordings, of 30-s duration, began 45 s before exercise onset, at exercise onset, and every 45 s thereafter during both heavy exercise bouts. The signals detected by the electrodes were preamplified with a gain of 4,000 and a frequency band of 20–500 Hz. The EMG signal was sampled at a frequency of 1,000 Hz and underwent 12-bit analog-to-digital conversion. The digital signal was first displayed raw and subsequently full-wave rectified and integrated over 10-ms intervals. The iEMG was calculated over each 30-s sampling period, and all iEMG data were normalized to the value recorded in the unloaded pedaling phase 30 s before the onset of the first bout of leg exercise. All iEMG data were, therefore, expressed as a percentage of the initial unloaded pedaling value. The normalized iEMG of the individual muscles was summed and averaged to provide an estimate of "total" muscle activity during exercise. The first three EMG data sets acquired during the heavy exercise bouts were used as an index of muscle activity in the primary phase of the response to exercise (i.e., muscle activity in the first 2 min of exercise). The mean power frequency (MPF) was calculated as the mean frequency generated by the fast Fourier transform of the sampled EMG signal.
During the other test session, muscle pH was measured before each of the heavy exercise bouts by using a needle-tipped pH electrode, which was inserted 3 cm into the right vastus lateralis muscle through an incision made under local anesthetic (3–4 ml of 1% lignocaine). The pH meter (Corning 245 pH meter) was calibrated before each test and checked by using distilled water. Muscle pH was determined ∼1 min before the period of unloaded cycling began for both exercise bouts. Arterialized venous blood (∼2.5 ml) was sampled from the dorsum of a heated hand by using a 21-gauge butterfly cannula at rest, attime 0 (the onset of exercise) and at 2, 4, and 6 min of exercise. The cannula tubing was flushed between each sample with saline. These samples were immediately capped, stored in an ice slurry, and analyzed in duplicate for pH by use of an automated blood-gas analyzer (CIBA-Corning 278 blood gas system, Medfield, MA) within 1 h of collection. The remainder of the sample was analyzed in duplicate for blood lactate concentration ([lactate]; YSI 1500, Yellow Springs Instruments, OH).
Measurement of pulmonary gas exchange and HR.
Pulmonary gas exchange was measured breath by breath during all exercise tests. Subjects breathed through a low-resistance turbine volume transducer (Jaeger Triple V), which had a dead space of 90 ml. Gas was continuously drawn down a capillary line into rapid-response gas analyzers (Jaeger Oxycon Alpha, Hoechberg, Germany).V˙o 2, carbon dioxide production, and minute ventilation were calculated and displayed breath by breath once the delay between the volume and concentration signals had been accounted for. The volume transducer was calibrated before each test with a 3-liter calibration syringe (Hans Rudolph), and the analyzers were calibrated with gases of known concentration. HR was recorded every 5 s by using short-range radio telemetry (Polar Sports Tester, Kempele, Finland). The O2 pulse was calculated in the unloaded pedaling baseline and after 2 min and at the end of exercise as absolute V˙o 2/HR.
Data analysis.
The breath-by-breath data were linearly interpolated to provide second-by-second values. For each subject, the two performances of each protocol were time aligned and averaged to provide one set of second-by-second data for each variation of the protocol. The time course of the V˙o 2 response after the onset of exercise was described in terms of a three-component exponential function, using iterative nonlinear regression techniques in which minimizing the sum of squared error was the criterion for convergence, using purpose-built fitting software. Each exponential curve was used to describe one phase of the response. The first phase began at the onset of exercise, whereas the other terms began after independent time delays (5) Equation 1 where V˙o 2(b) is the baselineV˙o 2 measured in the 3 min preceding the onset of exercise; A c,A p, and A s are the amplitudes of the exponential curves fitting the cardiodynamic, primary, and slow components, respectively; τc, τp, and τs are the time constants;t is time; and TD1 and TD2 are the time delays. The cardiodynamic component was terminated at TD1 and given the value for that time (definedA′c). The amplitude of the primary response (A′p) was defined as the increase inV˙o 2 from baseline to the asymptote of the primary component. The absolute amplitude of the primaryV˙o 2 response was calculated as the sum of baseline V˙o 2 andA′p. The amplitude of theV˙o 2 slow component was determined as the increase in V˙o 2 from TD2 to the end of exercise (defined A′s), rather than from the asymptotic value (A s), which may project beyond the value at 6 min (end exercise).
Statistical analysis.
The responses to the square-wave bouts of heavy exercise were compared by using paired t-tests. The iEMG data series was analyzed by using a two-way (exercise bout × time) repeated-measures ANOVA. The F ratios were considered statistically significant when P < 0.05.
The heavy exercise bouts were performed at 70% of the change between lactate threshold and peak V˙o 2, which required a power output of 275 ± 50 W. The baseline values for V˙o 2, blood [lactate], blood pH, and muscle pH are shown in Table1. BaselineV˙o 2 was restored, whereas blood [lactate] was still elevated (P < 0.001) and blood pH was reduced (P < 0.01) after 12 min of recovery. Baseline muscle pH was similar before both exercise bouts (∼7.10; P = 0.84). The increase in blood [lactate] as a result of the performance of heavy exercise is also shown in Table1. The increase in blood lactate during the second exercise bout was significantly reduced compared with that during the initial bout of heavy exercise (P < 0.001).
The primary V˙o 2 time constant was unaltered by prior heavy leg exercise (P = 0.36), whereas the primary V˙o 2 response amplitude A′p was significantly increased by prior heavy exercise (by ∼330 ml/min; P < 0.001; Table 1). This increase in the net primary amplitude led to a significant increase in the absolute primaryV˙o 2 response [V˙o 2(b) +A′p; P < 0.001]. The amplitude of the V˙o 2 slow component was reduced by ∼390 ml/min after prior heavy exercise (P< 0.001). The effects of prior heavy leg exercise on the amplitudes of the V˙o 2 response led to the attainment of a similar end-exercise V˙o 2 for the initial heavy exercise bout and the second heavy leg exercise bout (P = 0.94). The V˙o 2responses for each subject are shown in Fig.1.
The temporal profiles of the normalized iEMG responses to the two bouts of heavy leg exercise are shown in Fig.2. In the first bout of exercise, the averaged iEMG increased systematically throughout exercise, reaching its peak value at the end of exercise (Fig. 2 A). In contrast, the iEMG response to the second bout of heavy exercise tended to be higher in the first 2 min of exercise but then remained essentially unchanged until the end of exercise. A similar pattern was evident in all three muscles (Fig. 2, B–D). The MPF was not significantly different between the first and second bouts of heavy exercise (80.1 ± 0.9 vs. 80.6 ± 1.0 Hz,P = 0.38; Fig. 2). To gain insight into the relationship between the primary V˙o 2amplitude and the iEMG at the onset of exercise, the iEMG in the first 2 min of each bout was averaged and compared. The results of this analysis are shown in Fig. 3 A. Prior heavy exercise significantly increased the iEMG in the first 2 min of the second bout of heavy exercise (from 491 to 604% of the unloaded pedaling value, on average; P < 0.05). Furthermore, when the primary V˙o 2amplitude (A′p) was divided by the normalized iEMG (Fig. 3 B), there was no difference between the two exercise bouts (P = 0.45), indicating that the increased primary V˙o 2 amplitude in the second exercise bout was correlated to an increased EMG.
The NIRS responses are shown in Fig. 4. Figure 4 A shows the superimposed relative O2saturation profiles for the two bouts of heavy exercise. The level of HbO2 was higher before the onset of the second bout of heavy exercise and remained higher throughout the second bout of heavy exercise compared with the initial heavy bout. In both heavy bouts, an initial period of hemoglobin desaturation at the onset of exercise reverted to a small and gradual resaturation from 1 min onward. (It should be noted here that NIRS is unable to distinguish between changes in HbO2 and oxymyoglobin because the absorption spectra of Hb and myoglobin are identical, and the relative contribution to the NIRS signal from these two sources is uncertain.) The total Hb (the summation of the Hb and HbO2 signals) is shown in Fig.4 B. Total Hb was higher before the onset of the second heavy exercise bout and remained higher during the first 5 min of exercise. In both bouts, there was evidence of a transient fall in total Hb at exercise onset, reaching a nadir at ∼30 s. Subsequently, total Hb increased systematically in both bouts until the cessation of exercise.
The HR responses to heavy exercise are shown in Table2. HR was higher in the baseline period before the second bout of heavy exercise commenced (P< 0.001), whereas baseline O2 pulse (V˙o 2/HR) was significantly lower (P < 0.001). After 2 min of exercise, HR was significantly higher after prior leg exercise, although O2pulse was similar (P = 0.47). HR and O2pulse were similar at the end of exercise.
The present study demonstrates that the increased primaryV˙o 2 amplitude observed after heavy cycle exercise is accompanied by an increased iEMG in the first 2 min of exercise, consistent with our hypothesis.
A common feature of previous studies, in which the recovery between consecutive heavy exercise bouts has been extended to allow the restoration of baseline V˙o 2, is an elevation of the primary V˙o 2 amplitude in the second heavy exercise bout (7, 10). This effect occurs without a change in the primary V˙o 2 time constant and is followed by a significant reduction of theV˙o 2 slow component amplitude as exercise continues (10, 11, 20, 34). It has been suggested that the elevated primary V˙o 2 amplitude may be caused by an increase in motor unit recruitment at the onset of exercise (10). Previous studies have suggested that increased motor unit recruitment may (35) or may not (34) contribute to the development of theV˙o 2 slow component. However, these studies measured only the EMG signal from one muscle (the vastus lateralis). Because cycle exercise involves the activity of most of the lower limb muscle mass for power production (16), and because the pulmonary V˙o 2 response to exercise primarily represents muscle oxygen consumption (30), it is important to measure the EMG from as many muscles as practically possible to relate muscle activity to pulmonaryV˙o 2 (31).
In the present study, methodological factors such as differences in electrode placement were eliminated by only comparing consecutive bouts of heavy leg exercise after a single preparation process. Three muscles were studied in the present work, and the normalized iEMG values from each were summed and averaged to provide an indication, only, of overall muscle activity during consecutive bouts of cycling exercise. It is acknowledged that this treatment is somewhat arbitrary because the contribution of each of the three muscles to force generation and O2 consumption is not known. The iEMG during the early part of the second bout of heavy exercise was significantly higher compared with the first bout in all three muscles studied. These data do not concur with those of Scheuermann et al. (34), who did not detect any change in the iEMG during exercise at 50% of the change between lactate threshold and peak V˙o 2. The reason for these divergent findings may reside in the differences in exercise intensity (being higher in the present study) or to the normalization methods employed (Scheuermann et al. normalized their data to the end, rather than the beginning, of exercise). In the present study, the increase in the primaryV˙o 2 amplitude in the second heavy bout was accompanied by a 19% increase in the iEMG during the first 2 min of exercise and no change in the MPF, clearly indicating an increase in motor unit recruitment after prior heavy exercise. It was also of interest that the increase in iEMG with time was less steep in the final 3 min of the second bout of heavy exercise (Fig. 2) commensurate with the reduction in the amplitude of theV˙o 2 slow component. Indeed, the iEMG profiles during the two heavy exercise bouts were remarkably similar to the V˙o 2 profiles. However, there was no significant relationship between the reduction in theV˙o 2 slow component after prior heavy exercise and changes in the EMG responses. This was due, in large part, to substantial intersubject variability in iEMG toward the end of the exercise bouts. The present data, therefore, provide only qualitative support to the hypothesis that the V˙o 2slow component can be attributed, in part, to the serial recruitment of additional motor units (29, 31, 33).
Previous investigators have suggested thatA′p represents a "target amplitude" dictated by external power output and work efficiency that is subsequently modified with time during heavy exercise (5, 6,26). This target amplitude is altered after prior heavy exercise such that the primary response initially projects to aV˙o 2 that is closer to theV˙o 2 required later in exercise (as estimated from end-exercise V˙o 2). In the present study, it is clear from the unchanged MPF that the increase in iEMG early in the second heavy exercise bout represents additional motor unit recruitment (presumably comprising both principal fiber types) and not increased firing frequency or the preferential recruitment of higher threshold motor units. Fatigued fibers may be activated but may fail to produce any tension, resulting in the need to recruit more muscle fibers to maintain the power output and an increase in the O2 cost of exercise (18). An increase in motor unit recruitment for the same power output could reduce the apparent work efficiency because an estimated 30–50% of the energetic cost of fiber recruitment is committed to processes independent of tension development (i.e., those maintaining intracellular homeostasis; Ref. 36). This is consistent with the proportionality between the iEMG and the primaryV˙o 2 amplitude presented in Fig.3 B. Recruitment of a larger motor unit pool at the onset of exercise, the fibers of which are able to generate tension, would result in a reduction in the tension generated by each individual fiber and therefore reduce the metabolic disturbance experienced by the muscle as a whole. The smaller increase in [lactate] and smallerV˙o 2 slow component responses in the second heavy leg bout seem to support this interpretation. In addition, Rossiter et al. (32) have recently demonstrated that phosphocreatine degradation during heavy leg extension exercise in the prone position is significantly blunted (although not speeded) by a prior priming bout. Interestingly, these authors showed that this attenuation of the phosphocreatine concentration decrement was associated with speeded primary V˙o 2kinetics and not an elevated primary amplitude. The reason for the difference between these findings and those of other studies, including the present study, is not clear, although the possibility that differences in exercise mode account for these findings has been considered previously (32).
The elevation of HR in the baseline period, coupled with the greater HbO2 saturation and total Hb in the vastus lateralis observed before the onset of the second bout of heavy leg exercise, provides indirect evidence that O2 delivery to the exercising muscle was increased by prior heavy exercise. These findings are consistent with the original proposal that a prior bout of exercise that induces a residual lactic acidosis increases muscle perfusion (12), although it should be noted that differences in the NIRS signal might also have been due to greater cutaneous blood flow in the second bout consequent to heat storage. However, it is important to emphasize that any increase in muscle perfusion did not alter the primary V˙o 2 time constant because this was unchanged in the second bout of exercise. This provides additional evidence that the primary V˙o 2 kinetics are not limited by O2 availability during heavy exercise (4, 14, 15, 17). Krustrup et al. (21) recently demonstrated that O2 delivery exceeded muscle O2 consumption, even during the first of a series of high-intensity exercise bouts in humans. The increased EMG signal at the onset of the second bout of heavy exercise indicates that there is an increased demand for O2 and that the increase in O2 delivery supports rather than causes the increased primary V˙o 2 amplitude.
The kinetics of muscle oxygenation at the onset and offset of exercise have recently been estimated (8, 37). Mathematical modeling of the HbO2 signal with a model similar to that used to characterize the V˙o 2 response has also been attempted in a preliminary report (28), and the time constants derived correlated with the primaryV˙o 2 time constants, although the actual values of the muscle oxygenation and V˙o 2time constants differed considerably. Mathematical modeling of the present data has not been attempted, because the temporal profile of the HbO2 signal did not conform to a simple monoexponential function with or without a delay. Indeed, as shown in Fig.4 A, there appeared to be an apparent reoxygenation beyond the first minute of the exercise bout. As emphasized by MacDonald et al. (23), this response is not evident in measurements of venous O2 saturation, indicating that it is likely to be an artifact of the manner in which NIRS data is acquired. McCully and Hamaoka (24) suggest that, because the NIRS probe measures the weighted average of oxygenation status in the blood contained in the arterioles, capillaries, and venules, the weighting during exercise might shift from the venules toward the capillaries as blood flow increases and a greater red cell volume is located in the more oxygenated capillaries.
It was of interest that, despite significant residual lactacidemia at the onset of the second heavy exercise bout, muscle pH (measured 8 min after the first heavy exercise bout) was not significantly different from that measured under rested conditions before the first bout. We measured muscle pH by use of a needle-tipped electrode inserted into the vastus lateralis muscle. By using this technique, a measure of pH in the muscle compartment is obtained, which will represent the average pH of the intracellular and extracellular fluid (1). Allsop et al. (1) suggested that the muscle pH values recorded by using needle-tipped electrodes are ∼0.1–0.2 units higher than those measured by using the homogenate technique employed in biopsy studies, reflecting a larger contribution of the extracellular fluid to the electrode measure. However, this technique should still identify any changes in muscle pH before the onset of subsequent exercise.
The similarity of the muscle pH values at rest and 8 min after heavy exercise is at first sight counterintuitive. Both blood [lactate] and blood pH were significantly altered compared with the control condition, consistent with previous reports (9, 10, 12). However, it is known that the maintenance of muscle pH homeostasis involves several mechanisms, including Na+/H+exchange, lactate-proton cotransport, and bicarbonate-dependent transport (19). It has been demonstrated that net muscle H+ release occurs at a significantly faster rate than lactate release (19). This net H+ release continues even when the muscle that had previously been releasing lactate has switched to net lactate uptake (3). It is, therefore, likely that the present data reflect the relatively rapid restoration of muscle pH homeostasis; as a consequence, the present data provide evidence against a role for reduced muscle pH, per se, in the effect of prior heavy exercise.
The data of the present study might provide some insight into the spatial and temporal character of the factor or substance that causes an increase in motor unit recruitment. Because the effect of prior heavy exercise occurred after 12 min of recovery, the present study provides additional evidence that the factor responsible demonstrates a slow recovery time course (10, 27). The role of lactate as a mediator of the effect of prior heavy exercise has yet to be refuted. The present data confirm that an elevation in the primaryV˙o 2 amplitude is associated with a residual elevation in blood [lactate]. Moritani et al. (25) showed that surface EMG amplitude increased after occlusion during repeated isometric contractions at 20% of the maximal voluntary contraction. The fact that EMG amplitude remained elevated for 2 min after cuff release and was accompanied by elevated blood (and presumably muscle) [lactate] demonstrated the important role of the metabolic state of the exercising muscle in motor unit recruitment strategy. Thus it is possible that lactate itself may be responsible for altered motor unit recruitment at the onset of a second bout of heavy exercise. Simultaneous arterial and venous blood sampling has shown that inactive muscle may undergo net lactate uptake (2,13), and this may explain the similar (but quantitatively smaller) effect on the V˙o 2 kinetics when the prior heavy exercise is performed by the arms (9).
In summary, the present study has shown that the elevation in the primary V˙o 2 amplitude after a bout of prior heavy exercise is associated with an elevation in iEMG and no change in MPF during the first 2 min of heavy exercise. Prior heavy leg exercise produced a residual increase in blood [lactate] and a reduction in blood pH but did not affect baseline muscle pH. There was evidence of an increased O2 delivery to the exercising leg muscle in the second exercise bout, as indicated by increased baseline HR, total Hb, and HbO2 saturation, and a reduced O2 pulse. However, the primaryV˙o 2 time constant was unaffected by prior heavy exercise. These results suggest that the elevated primaryV˙o 2 amplitude during a second bout of heavy exercise can be attributed to an increase in motor unit recruitment at the onset of exercise.
Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: A. M. Jones, Dept. of Exercise and Sport Science, Manchester Metropolitan Univ., Hassall Rd., Alsager, Cheshire ST7 2HL, United Kingdom (E-mail: a.m.jones{at}mmu.ac.uk).
The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.
- Copyright © 2002 the American Physiological Society


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Wheels Under Cover Car Show in Wichita Falls
Additional Information
Townsquare Media presents the Wheels Under Cover Car Show to be held at the Wichita Falls Multi-Purpose Events Center (MPEC) on Saturday, March 10, 2012. The doors will open at 10am and the show will be open until 5pm.
Admission to the show is $3.00
Come join us and check out the sleekest classic cars, tricked out trucks and souped up muscle cars from around the Wichita Falls area!
$35 Pre-Registration Fee
$50 Day of Show Registration
Setup will begin on Friday, March 9th at 12:00 pm and before 10:00 am on Saturday, March 10th.
Prizes will be awarded in the following categories:
- Best Paint – $75
- Best Engine – $75
- Best Interior – $75
- Best Club Display – $150
- Best of Show – $750
- First Place – Chairs
- Second Place – Plaques
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subset: commoncrawl


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Local's Picks: Gerry Frank
Civic leader, restaurateur, businessman, chairman of many boards and writer Gerry Frank has added another line to his resume with the publication of "Gerry Frank's Oregon." Published in partnership with The Oregonian newspaper (where Frank has been writing for 27 years) and released on August 1, the book catalogues more than 650 Oregon places and special stories. Frank says he wrote the book in response to requests over the years. "So many people asked me to do this. They wanted a history of Oregon, of the Meier and Frank family and myself," he said. We asked the fourth-generation Oregonian to share some of his favorite places around the state.
If you could only choose one, what is one of your favorite restaurants?
The Painted Lady in Newberg.
Do you recommend a particular dish?
I like everything. It is a very classy restaurant.
What's one of your favorite places to get away?
On the coast, Cannon Beach is a wonderful little community. It is clean and attractive, it has great places to stay, good restaurants and a wonderful beach.
Do you have a favorite place to get outside?
The Rogue River. I like to stay at the Tu Tu' Tun Lodge.
What are some not-to-miss Oregon experiences?
Take the coast highway from Bandon to the California border. That drive is absolutely magnificent. Spend some time in the Wallowa Mountains. Wallowa Lake and the mountains in that area are like an American Switzerland. The Pendleton Round-up has to be listed as one of the greateast rodeos in America. I go every year.
What is Oregon's best-kept secret?
I don't think people really appreciate the diversity of life in Oregon. You can spend time on the beautiful Coast or Willamette Valley or the wilds of Central and Eastern Oregon.
Frank will be doing book signings around the state. For more details about the book and to see a calendar, visit www.oregonguidebook.com.
about author Eileen Garvin
Eileen Garvin lives and writes in Hood River. When she's not hunched over her keyboard or digging in the garden, you can find her mountain biking, kiteboarding, hiking, skiing or camping somewhere in Oregon.
Is any of the information on this page incorrect?
These maps and directions are for planning purposes only. You may find that construction projects, traffic, or other events may cause road conditions to differ from the map results. For travel options, weather and road conditions, visit tripcheck.com, call 511 (in Oregon only), 800.977.6368 or 503.588.2941.
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bette sinclair says…
Gerry has done it again! Thank you for this gem!


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Pittsburgh Laurels & Lances
Laurel: To Merrill Stabile. The Pittsburgh parking magnate says any new parking garage on the North Shore should be privately financed — tax dollars should not be used. A second garage is stipulated in the contract that gave the Pirates and Steelers sweetheart development rights between PNC Park and Heinz Field. The sweethearts who stand to profit the most should finance any new garage.
Laurel: To the Pittsburgh Symphony. For those of you not able to make it to Berlin on Saturday afternoon, the orchestra has arranged to webcast its 2 p.m. performance from the Philharmonie concert hall. You can find the program at pittsburghsymphony.org/berlin2013 or arteliveweb.com. It's the next best thing to actually being at Musikifest Berlin. Bravo! and Brava! and all that.
An observation: Burger King will begin offering $1 hamburgers topped with french fries. Primanti Bros., a Pittsburgh legend, has been doing the same thing for 80 years. But there's one big difference. Burger King will give you four fries while Primanti's gives you a gazillion, give or take a slew. Imitation might be the sincerest form of flattery, but a burger topped with only four fries (and no coleslaw) is a piker by real sammich standards.
R.I.P: To Gullifty's & Freddie's II: The former, in Squirrel Hill, was known for its gigunda desserts. The latter, in Bethel Park, was known for its gigunda prime rib. But after three decades of operation, each has closed its doors. And the culinary world mourns.


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Stassi Schroeder is up to her same antics of systematically destroying everyone around her. Thankfully Vanderpump Rules favorite sociopath hasn't changed.
Where are the proper authorities?
Last night Stassi cemented that Scheana Marie, briefly her friend, was once again her enemy. Stassi believes that Scheana is on an unrelenting quest to become her, to like BE Stassi. Which would mean Scheana also wants to be WITH Jax Taylor.
Speaking of Jax, I'd like to take an informal poll on how high we think his IQ is: 3? 8? Maybe 15 on a generous day? Despite being humiliated and constantly berated by Stassi he desperately wants her back. So desperately that he got a secret tattoo to prove his love. She maintains he isn't doing anything to earn her trust back except give her truly exceptional sex with lots of acrobatics and WWF maneuvers. #gag
Over at SUR things are still topsy-turvy. Strangely it's not decimating business so Lisa Vanderpump decides to install a new bar in the garden. With construction underway she now needs to find the perfect sexy bartender. Not Jax! Oh no – his crazy is old news slimy like fruit a couple days past the expiration date. Someone different… someone outside the incestuous cess pool. Someone like Katie Maloney's boyfriend Tom. Enter Tom 2.


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Good fences make good neighbors, so the poet Robert Frost wrote. Sadly, the European Union seems to be taking Frost's poetic whimsy as a serious policy prescription.
For how is the EU preparing to welcome the citizens of the ten countries that will become members in May? Simple: by shutting the door in their faces, and then building regulatory walls to keep them away from the door in the first place.
Indeed, the Union is behaving even worse. Because no agreement exists at the EU level concerning a common set of rules to be applied to the Union's new citizens, each member country is establishing its own rules without any coordination.
Some of these emerging rules are draconian. Austria and Germany - so far the two largest recipients of migrants from Eastern Europe, receiving four out of every five - announced last year that they will restrict migration from the new member states for the full transition period of seven years. France and Belgium will restrict immigration by new EU citizens for at least the first two-years of the transition period.


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How Motherhood Saved 'Toy Story 2′
You're slaving away on your latest project — maybe it's a huge paper for school or a big time presentation for work — when all of a sudden with one or two accidental keystrokes, it's gone. All of it. Poof. Your heart sinks and you contemplate drastic measures.
Now, picture you're a Pixar employee and your project is the nearly-completed sequel to one of your most successful animated features and it's set to release in theaters in the coming months. Yeah. Freakout Central.
Such is the case for Pixar's Oren Jacob and Galyn Susman who almost lost ALL of the files for 'Toy Story 2′ due to an accidental command and a bad backup system.
As the whimsical animated tale below shows, the fact that Susman was a new mom played a huge part in Pixar's happy ending.
Subscribe to TheFW on
Hopefully, if you're single and without child, you steer your employers clear of this video. Happy belated Mother's Day, everyone!


text: SOUTH PARIS, Maine — The Melanoma Foundation of New England and the Patrick Dempsey Center for Cancer Hope & Healing will offer "The Skinny on Skin: A Free Skin Cancer Education Program for Salon Professionals" from 10:30 a.m. to 1 p.m. on Monday, Aug. 12, at Oxford Hills Comprehensive High School, 256 Main St. The program will teach beauty professionals and stylists how to recognize suspicious moles on a client's head and neck. The program will be taught by Dr. Marcia Matuska, a Lewiston dermatologist. It is free but reservations must be made in advance. Call (800) 557-6352 or email firstname.lastname@example.com. Visit mfne.org for more information on the program.


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Cure Diabetes In 30 Days Raw Food
Here's more information about cure diabetes naturally check out Here.
This training could be incorporated within diabetes cure gene therapy the curriculum of the pharmacy technician program or you may have to request an intern position at your local pharmacy. Here include the key skills required by order to become a pharmacy technician:. You require through a formal hearing for this, and you also need to own documentation showing that you cannot work. Obstetricians and gynecologists are physicians who focus diabetes cure gene therapy on women's health. If the first is looking for the fee -effective drugs can readily order them at our web shop which provides the paramount medications and provides you instant results, taking care of your health constantly.
NPTA statements to be the largest pharmacy technician association. You never know, it diabetes cure gene therapy could cover way more than you think - Vitamins, hospitals in the area, alternative medicines, fitness centers, safety equipment, and also the list goes on. Our Canada pharmacy warns patients of deteriorating health related to pain after radiation and experiencing pathological fractures. But with advances in medical science most diseases have been controlled by using high powerful antibiotics and also other life-saving drugs. This list below supplies a summary of some top Catholic graduate schools in addition to their rankings for the U.
Leading pharmacies like Chemist Direct offer massive discounts on their own products. Moreover ordering medicine from these online shops will keep it as secret and you also do not need to do it personally. The direct link was established when researchers found highest incidence of bone metastases inside the first year of patients developing breast cancer, specially those suffering from metastatic breast cancers. Their mission is to provide a high-quality and affordable distant learning education. diabetes cure gene therapy The Ex - CPT is surely an accredited test recognized through the National Community Pharmacists Association (NCPA), the National Organization for Competency Assurance (NOCA), and also diabetes cure gene therapy the National Association of Chain Drug Stores.
Our Canadian pharmacy reminds readers approximately 226,000 new cases of cancer of the breast are detected in USA every year. Read on to acquire you started for the path to medical mastery. Most GPS navigators come with their unique set of maps. Science suggests that carrots protect the vision, especially night vision. The Pharmacy Technician Certification Board (PTCB) necessitates that pharmacy technician graduates be certified before they venture into this career.
Non-acidic symptoms like regurgitation, asthma, and chronic cough may also be eliminated. A certified pharmacy technician could very well diabetes cure gene therapy be a pharmacist. Changes inside atmosphere and lifestyle are principal reasons for increased risks of cancer of the breast. There isn't guarantee for a similar and an illegal internet pharmacy may sell counterfeit, improperly made, along with stored, incorrectly formulated, mislabeled, outdated medicines as well as the like. If you find a software online advertising pharmacy doctors office, please contact the company as their representative to ensure the corporation's prescription drug policy.


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By Cynthia Vaughan
U.S. Army Medical Command public affairs
SAN ANTONIO — Maj. Gen. David A. Rubenstein was sworn is as chief of the U.S. Army Medical Service Corps on June 9, becoming the first corps chief to wear two stars. He was promoted to major general on April 14 and also serves as the Army's Deputy Surgeon General.
Lt. Gen. Eric B. Schoomaker, commander of U.S. Army Medical Command and the Army Surgeon General, presided over the swearing-in ceremony. He expressed great confidence in his deputy.
"Major General Rubenstein is the right officer at the right time to help lead the Army Medical Department. I have the utmost trust and confidence in his abilities. He is an extraordinary leader who excels whatever the assignment or the task," Schoomaker said.
Rubenstein previously served as commander of Europe Regional Medical Command and Command Surgeon, U.S. Army Europe and 7th Army. Other assignments include assistant surgeon general for Force Sustainment; commander of 30th Medical Brigade and V Corps Command Surgeon; commander of Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Germany; commander of the 21st Combat Support Hospital, Fort Hood; commander of Task Force Med Eagle in Bosnia and Herzegovina; and commander of the 18th Surgical Hospital (MASH), Fort Lewis, Wash.
His many awards include the 2006 Ray E. Brown Award from the Association of Military Surgeons of the United States. Other honors include selection as the inaugural recipient of the U.S. Army Medical Service Corps Mentor of the Year Award; induction into the Army Medical Department's Order of Military Medical Merit; Federal Excellence in Healthcare Leadership Award; Regent's Healthcare Executive Award from the American College of Healthcare Executives; and the Medical Service Corps Chief's Award of Excellence. He has also twice been included in Modern Healthcare's list of the 100 most influential people in healthcare.
Rubenstein chairs the 30,000-member American College of Healthcare Executives, after previously serving on the college's board of governors. He is a graduate of Texas A&M University and the Army War College, and has earned a Master's degree in health administration from Baylor University as well as a Master's degree in military art and science from the Army Command and General Staff College. He has been recognized as an Outstanding Alumnus of Texas A&M's College of Education and Human Development.


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The latest in Car Crash Set's "No Northwest" series sees Vancouver's Daega Sound share the spotlight with Seattle's Kid Smpl for some deep and moody tech winners, including DS' tech-step menacer "Legion" and his equally crystalline and reverb-soaked half-stepper "Winter's Horse". Kid Smpl gets deeper and trippier on "Timber" and almost nails Sigur Ros' aquatic swoon on the excellent "Over".
DJ-friendly full length tracks
DRM Free
Secure Shopping


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UC Merced's students are inspired to entertain the masses this month, with students planning a variety of events geared to make audiences think and laugh.
The University Women of Merced Network will kick off its annual production of Eve Ensler's "The Vagina Monologues" this weekend. About 20 students will participate in the performance, which will begin at 7:30 p.m. Feb. 20 and 21, and at 2 p.m. Feb. 22 in the Lakireddy Auditorium.
Proceeds will benefit The Valley Crisis Center, Merced County's only domestic violence intervention center. A small portion of proceeds will be allocated to V-Day's nonprofit organization, which distributes funds to grassroots, national and international organizations and programs that work to stop violence against women and girls, notably in Africa, Asia and the Middle East.
A VIP benefit party will precede the Feb. 21 performance, and tickets – at $20 – will include admission to that night's show. The VIP event will begin at 6 p.m. in the Dining Commons' private dining room and includes appetizers and dessert with cast members and representatives from the Valley Crisis Center. Tickets will be sold at the door.
Tickets for all shows are $5 for students (with identification) and $10 for others. Tickets can be purchased at the auditorium booth at 7 p.m. Feb. 20 and 21 and at 1:30 p.m. Feb. 22. To pay online, students may click here; faculty and staff may click here. For information: email@example.com.
While the campus community is in critical-thinking mode, the Chicano/a Literature Series will present "Banned in Newman, CA" on Monday at 4 p.m. in the Bobcat Lair (KL 161).
The event will focus on the Newman-Crows Landing school board's recent decision to remove Rudolfo A. Anaya's award-winning novel, "Bless Me, Ultima," from the sophomore required reading list at Orestimba High School in Newman. The book had been part of the high school's curriculum for more than a decade before a parent complained to the board, said UC Merced literature professor Manuel Martin-Rodriguez.
The book is required reading for students enrolled in Literature 168 at UC Merced. Participating in Monday's discussion will be Catherine Quittmeyer, chairwoman of Orestimba's English Department, and Andre Powell, who teaches English at the school.
Admission is free and open to the public. For information: firstname.lastname@example.com
To lighten the mood a bit next weekend, Magnum Opus, UC Merced's student improv group, will present "Laughingstock 2009." The student-produced comedy night will begin at 8 p.m. Feb. 28 in the Lakireddy Auditorium. The night will be a veritable plethora of laughs with improv, impressions, videos, stand-up and sketches. Though students are the standouts, UC Merced lecturer and club adviser Michael Winder and information technology staffer Christopher Volkerts will also perform.
Admission is free and open to the public. For information: email@example.com.


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Project to move through Lindstrom and Center City
Road construction is set to begin on US-Highway 8 in Lindstrom between Shoquist Lane and Irene Ave. on Monday, April 16, the Minnesota Department of Transportation announced this week.
Construction crews will separate eastbound and westbound US-8 into a "one-way Pair" in downtown Lindstrom between Linden and Elm Streets. Highway 8 (Lake Boulevard) will carry eastbound traffic, and 1st Ave. will carry westbound traffic when completed.
Other features of the project include building a new bridge spanning the channel connecting North Lindstrom and South Lindstrom lakes, installing new traffic signals along US-8 at CR-14 (Lincoln Road), CR-20 (North Lakes Trail), CR-25 (Olinda Trail) and Akerson Street.
Frontage roads planned in some areas will improve safety by removing direct driveway access to US-8, and trails and sidewalks will be constructed on both sides of US-8 between CR-14 and Akerson Street.
A portion of the Swedish Immigrant Trail from CR-14 to Dew Drop Lane in Center City also lies within the project area.
Access to local businesses and residences will be maintained throughout the project.
When complete, the project will address capacity, mobility and safety issues in the area.
The construction project will be completed in June 2013.
For real-time travel information anywhere in Minnesota visit www.511mn.org or dial 5-1-1.


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Archive for May, 2007
WordPress Themes are in big demand for several reasons. Bloggers of all sorts prefer WordPress, the FREE of charge blogging platform, for their blogs. There are a lot of businesses using these templates as well.
WordPress Template #15207 from templatemonster.com
Businesses, both online and bricks and mortar, get many different benefits from using a WordPress Theme on their free blog – advertising, marketing, and SEO for a different business website. Where is the best selection in WordPress Templates? Where are the best prices? Try Template Monster.
Using a WordPress Theme for blogging and business makes good sense – and with a designer theme you do not have to look like everybody else out there in the blogosphere. These WordPress Templates are easy to customize – add your own logos, etc. And since WordPress is a CMS based system you can add or change texts and pictures anytime 24/7 with ease.
Be Impressed,
Arthur Browning
Internet Marketing Update
In marketing it is impossible to provide a one-size-fits-all plan for every business. Not every product service is for all impulse buyers worldwide. Every product has its specialty market with its own considerstions.
'Presence' as a concept of marketing is important for internet marketing as well. Online presence is of course sold and oversold by many marketing organizations trying to turn a profit. While competition is moving onto the internet this does not mean that presence alone will swing the market.
Knowledge of your market is still the most important single factor. To know to whom you are selling and why they buy is very important. Your job is to assist them from the earliest impulse to look at a product until the purchase is made. Of course if your product is better than the competition can offer that's a big plus.
You cannot focus on just the click-through, because many of them are bogus. You have to have some rapport with the buyer. Certainly maintaining and heightening this rapport is an art form. The end goal is trust and loyalty. If you can achieve this with your visitors you will succeed.
Admit it, I'm always right.
Arthur Browning
Research shows that people pay more attention to trusted sources of information than a commerical featuring a celebrity. That is where social networking comes in. The online friends of the social network communicate their opinions quickly and easily to visitors. These visitors pay attention to the blogs and comments of their online friends.
Visitors, bloggers, social networks, search, and ecommerce are interwoven. There is a pattern that shows online journeys begin with social networks or search, then go to visiting blogger friends, who direct them to their favorite places for good values. Bloggers tell their blogger friends about this which in turn brings more visitors.
It looks like market share of blog traffic is split roughly evenly by social networks and search. Over 25 percent of blog visits originate from social networks or chat rooms. Search engines send about 22 percent of that traffic. More than five percent of visitors leaving blogs go to online stores or classified sites. This presents a lot of opportunity to reach people.
It's one thing to analyze the numbers but the big thing to know is that visitors leave blogs and go to spend money at recommended websites.
So, you tell me how important social networking can be.
Power to the People!
Arthur Browning
Future Webpage Templates Will Revolutionize Modern Website Businesses for Online Ecommerce
Web Templates are becoming more and more functional, not to mention good-looking. As webpage templates become more specialized and more easily customized each month, their impact will go up geometrically on the webpages of the internet.
Google is not perfect, but they have made search more systemized, more even-handed. Google hasn't gotten a lot of compliments from me lately, but in the world of search they are #1, and deservedly so. They also improve each month.
So in an article about the future of webpage templates why the congratulations to Google? Because they have a good system for SEO – and webpage templates of the future can actually help with that too. Web templates are becoming more and more search-friendly in their reminders and neat ways to add keywords and metatags. And web templates will get even better at this.
Web templates with CSS and CMS features will become as dominant as selecting the feature you want on your home telephune service or your cell phone. If these web templates become more customizable they will eventually replace a lot of the original design enterprises out there.
Designers will still have plenty of work. But design work of the future will be about making new templates and customizing those exisitng web templates that are sold.
How do I know this? Two big reason. Designers already use web templates and fragments of various other templates and code to create Flash, XML, and AJAX based components. And these code systems and templates will become even more adaptable while also becoming more standards compliant.
Just as mathematics has gone from pebbles to abacus to sliderule to calculator – so will webpage design. Customization, especially when it allows creativity and the autonomy of the website owner IS the future. Website owners will still need marketing and SEO information as well as creative advice in areas they do not feel qualified.
For the small business websites based on templates will be a snap. For international businesses that specialize in mail order business things will be very much simplified.
Soon you will choose from hundreds of thousands of interesting and highly functional web templates that are easily customized, uploaded and managed. You will have a high-quality website as easy as establishing your telephone service. And no additional costs after that except the hosting service fee of $6-15 per month.
Happy Trails To You,
Arthur Browning
Why is a Flash Webpage Template a Real Bargain?
When you total up the costs of getting a high-impact, elegant-looking, smooth-sounding, fast-loading, easy-navigating Flash webpage template you may know why ready made web templates are a bargain.
Flash Template #14945 from templatemonster.com
Here's the deal – a designer has to put together a ton of original code, get gorgeous high-quality graphics (not cheap), ask you what website you like for looks (often made from a web template), get a selection of good soundtracks for you to choose from (not cheap). Then the designer has to put in some hours to put it all together (not cheap), make further adjustments (not cheap). Also, the designer must make a living (not cheap). Yes, some designers save time and money by using a template, but you aren't supposed to guess that.
Why not pick a good Flash web template and change the pics and heading. You can customize the flash template if you need to do so (not expensive). The website can still be optimized for SEO too. That makes Flash Web Templates, like the one above, a real bargain.
Start shopping here
Ripped From the Raw Guts of History,
Arthur Browning
Business Web Templates for Content Management Systems
Every business has to have a webpage for today's marketplace. A content management system (CMS) webpage is really the best for any business that wants to quickly change what is in their webpages without going to the webmaster. The best examples of these CMS systems for commerce are:
WordPress Web Templates are the most popular blogging themes around. These designs work for professional and business bloggers as well as for personal and family bloggers.
OsCommerce 2.2 Templates provide ready to go website shops. The OsCommerce Template is really a combination of osCommerce 2.2 as designed by osCommerce.com combined with a unique design from a webtemplates seller like Template Monster. OsCommerce makes a fantastic solution for businesses who need to get on-line without spending a large suum money or investing a lot of time. It will take a few minutes to complete set-up and become operational. You will need a PHP editor like Dreamweaver and a graphics editor like Photoshop to work with this webpage template. Your server needs to support PHP web scripting language, use a MySQL database and run the Apache web server to run this osCommerce web site.
Zen Cart 1.2 Templates need the Zen Cart 1.2 software, a MySQL DUMP for the database, all PSD files to customize your graphics, and instructions on how to set up this super webpage theme for top level ecommerce.
C.R.E. Loaded 6.2 Templates contain all the necessary files for startup of your online store in a matter of a few minutes. You will get all the PSD files and fonts needed to customize the graphics. It usually takes a few of minutes to install a new CRE Loaded 6.2 Webpage Template.
PHP-Nuke Templates are designer skins for websites created for PHP-Nuke. Web designs for PHP-Nuke are easily changed with a PHP Nuke web templates. You may change the design of your website within minutes with this web template. PHP-Nuke is a Content Management System (CMS) based on the PHP scripting language. The main advantage of PHP-Nuke is its flexibility and the simplicity of its use and configuration.
phpBB Templates is a powerful, scalable, and very customizable Open Source bulletin board package. phpBB has a user-friendly interface, simple and straightforward administration panel, and helpful FAQ. Based on the PHP server language you can choose to use MySQL, MS-SQL, PostgreSQL or Access/ODBC database servers. phpBB is ideal free community solution for all web sites. phpBB is freeware and can be downloaded from www.phpbb.com.
The Big Lebowski,
Arthur Browning
Remember the days when marketing was done by putting an ad either in a newspaper or a radio ad? Today any business that wants to sell something needs a website. Websites give you the most value per dollar in any in any marketing program. Especially if you use CMS, CSS and a customizable webpage template in your design.
After determining where your market is and you know exactly what you offer your market then do a complete search on the internet of your competition. When you have delineated which areas of the market you want to focus on then you can proceed with the website design. With a webpage template, CSS and CMS adding text and meta tags are a simple job.
Creating your domain name involves deciding on a short, catchy phrase that should contain the keyword(s) of your customer's internet searches. You must be sure your URL isn't already taken. Design of the website can be done quickly and cheaply or it can take a long time and cost a fortune. The reasons for this are based on the size, complexity and look of the website. Cost and time is also involved in keeping your website in the SEO game. Choose a webpage template that is easy to customize for a unique look.
Promoting can be expensive too – adding your website address to business cards, stationery, any signs, billboards, auto or truck signs, radio, television, newspaper or magazine ads is the least expensive part of the promotion. Web templates will save money in the design process from the beginning You can also promote your new website by getting your ads and banners onto websites whose viewers are candidaties to become your customers. You may request a more permanent link to you website by link exchange or by some other agreement. Write an articel in your area of expertise for your market with a link to your website.
These are the basic ways to do Internet Marketing with your new website.
Field Tested For Durability,
Arthur Browning
WordPress Themes Templates Antiques Dealers Collectibles Bloggers Traders Business Website Limited Editions and Nostalgia Items Flea Market Bazaar Booth
There is a real wealth of old and not so old items for sale at stores and shops for Antiques Dealers Collectibles Bloggers Traders Business Website Limited Editions and Nostalgia Items Flea Market Bazaar Booth. WordPress Themes and Templates give you the best possible value for a beautiful online website presence that can boost your business sales or blogging contacts.
WordPress Theme #14540 from templatemonster.com
This is just one example of a fine selection of WordPress Templates and Themes that are available. See a huge selection at Template Monster.
It doesn't matter whether you have a chain of stores or just a booth at the local bazaar or flea market -WordPress Themes Templates will sell your location as well as your antiques, collectibles, limited editions and nostalgia items. So come on antique dealers, collectibles sellers, nostalgia bloggers, and limited editions shops!
Grey Panther Territory!
Arthur Browning
Evaluating Your Own Website – Part 3
Another important aspect of your website that must be evaluated is navigation. Getting the visitors to your website is only the beginning. They have to be able to quickly and easily find their way about your website. This means you need a good and understandable website.
You have to arrange all links and buttons so they are easily found, read and understand. Do not over fill any of your pages. Too much choice leads to confusion.
The first page they land on must be interesting. It is usually the index page but not necessarily. Do not try to put every choice onto the front page.
Ease of use must also be evaluated. Your visitors should be able to quickly decide what and how to buy.
If they seek information – it should be presented
clearly and simply. If a visitor has to figure out a maze or find hidden or poorly designed buttons they will move on unless you have something so attractive and necessary that they will stay no matter what.
It is always a good idea to have a professional web designer look over your website and point out any obvious flaws. You can keep tweaking the website in a continuous attempt to improve it. There is always room for improvement.
If you can not do your own coding and graphics for your own site there are some good professional web designers out there that can make short work of your needs. So you don't have to let coding stop you from getting your website online.
Let's Party!
Arthur Browning
Evaluating Your Own Website – Part 2
Another major area of evaluation for your website is whether it is effective in SEO. The reason for Search Engine Optimisation is generation of traffic. The goal is to prepare the website to get to the top of the search results pages when people run a search that uses one of your key words or key phrases. This is done to get traffic.
Without preparation by SEO optimisation people will be less apt to find your site. SEO involves using the correct keywords in the best way, and effectively arranging your contents and menus in the best way.
The most important part of all of SEO is link building. You must rank highly with the search engines by increasing the number of links to your website from quality websites which have similar content to the subject of your site.
Let's look at content. The content of your website should be based on the subject of your product. For example if your website is set up to sell computers then it should contain articles about computers and hardware, not horsebreeding articles. Unrelated subjects only confuse your visitors and weaken your website's credibility as a sourct of products and information about computers.
Your content must be keyword rich but not overloaded so that it doesn't look like spam. The content should be broken into readable paragraphs with good headers for each section. – – Part 3 tomorrow.
Turning Heads Everywhere,
Arthur Browning


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Fingerless Mitts by Bruce Weinstein
Welcome! You are browsing as a guestWould you like to see 161 projects made from this pattern and much more? create a free account What am I missing?
© Jared Flood
© Jared Flood
This book contains 10 patterns$20.70 on Amazon look inside this book!
Fingerless Mitts
This pattern is published in KNITS MEN WANT, which will be available April 1st 2010, but can be preordered any time before then.
It comes written for all the sizes listed above in multiple gauges from 4sts/inch to 5sts/inch. So you can make it in the yarn pictured and suggested or in any yarn you fancy.
The pattern includes a stitch chart.


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BASINGSTOKE Town fans will honour long-serving kitman Derek Cailes by carrying on the good work he always did decorating the Camrose during the close season.
Cailes passed away last month following a short illness. He was a member of a small team of volunteers who gave up their time to give the Camrose a spruce up each summer.
This Saturday has been dedicated as Do it for Derek Day, with volunteers planning to tidy up and give the ground a fresh lick of paint.
All are welcome to go down and help out, with bacon sandwiches and drinks supplied to volunteers. Contact Paul Waller on 07887 563266 or firstname.lastname@example.com for more information or to confirm your attendance.


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The UEA Booker Prize Foundation Scholarship The UEA Booker Prize Foundation Scholarship
The UEA Booker Prize Foundation Scholarship is awarded to a Postgraduate student within the School of Literature, Drama and Creative Writing to enable them to study on the MA Creative Writing (Prose Fiction) course.
- Level: Postgraduate
- Fees: Home, EU or International
- School: Literature, Drama and Creative Writing
- Course: MA or MFA Creative Writing (Prose Fiction)
- Residency: A commonwealth country (including the UK, Republic of Ireland and Zimbabwe).
What does it cover?
- Value: Up to £25,000 to include a stipend and one economy return flight fare if the recipient is traveling from overseas
- Duration of award: One year
- Tuition fees or maintenance: Both
- Number available: 1
How do I apply?
- You must have applied to the course by Monday 1 May 2017.
- Scholarship application deadline: The deadline for applications is 5pm on Monday 15 May 2017.
Terms and Conditions
Please read the Scholarship Acceptance Terms and Conditions before submitting your application. If you are offered the Scholarship, you must be prepared to accept these terms.
Please visit our FAQ webpage for further information.
Development Office, The Registry, UEA, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ
Email: email@example.com
Telephone: 01603 593930


text: 20% OFF ANY Rental Item. Store Pick Up and Return Only. Must mention Experience Kissimmee Discount at the time of booking K&M Rentals has Scooters, Wheelchairs, Transport Chairs, Walkers, Knee Walkers, Recliners, Recliner Lift Chairs, Shower Chairs, Glider Rocker with Ottoman, Rollaway Beds, Single Strollers, Double Strollers, Sit and Stand Strollers, Cribs, High Chairs, Car Seats, Baby Swings, Pack N Plays and much more. We are OPEN 7 Days a week. Monday-Saturday 8am - 8pm and Sunday 8am - … More


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- Both Vickie Guerrero and Eve Torres were at the WWE Performance Center in Orlando, Florida on Wednesday. Vickie noted on Twitter that she visited during promo class. Eve went over self-defense with the developmental Divas.
- Happy Halloween from the WWE Divas! Check out a video WWE uploaded at this link or embedded in the video below:
[youtube id="IxjJPYTgLkY" width="620" height="360"]
- WWE Hell in a Cell last Sunday wasn't anywhere near sold out. The company reportedly drew less than 10,000 paid for the pay-per-view. The venue, the AmericanAirlines Arena, can hold 19,6000 for Miami Heat games.
- Music Recall Magazine has a new Q&A online with Jack Swagger at this link.


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Imagine juggling eggs, on a unicycle, in the rain.
In the past few years, the University of South Florida St. Petersburg has been on that kind of impossibly wild ride.
Driven by political pressure and its own feisty ambition, the once-sleepy school that bridges downtown St. Petersburg and Tampa Bay has reinvented itself. Since 2001, when it set out to earn separate accreditation from the main campus in Tampa, USF St. Petersburg has hired scores of new faculty members, enrolled thousands of students and revamped its academic and administrative structures.
It's been "like living on a perpetual earthquake," said Ray Arsenault, who directs graduate studies at the university's highly regarded Florida Studies Program.
Maybe it was inevitable, then, that a few eggs went splat.
On June 26, higher education accreditors caught the campus by surprise when they put USF St. Petersburg's accreditation status on probation just two years after it earned accreditation. The school fell short on two of 89 standards, and neither dealt with finances or academic quality. But it had been warned about the same shortcomings before and, for reasons that remain unclear, could not resolve them.
University officials are not taking the sanction lightly. But after clearing so many other hurdles in so short a span, there is a quiet confidence that this too shall pass.
"Buildings, programs, people, academic offerings, number of students, everything else — this was a huge transformation, and they've accorded themselves incredibly well," said Peter Betzer, a professor emeritus at the USF College of Marine Science, which sits on the St. Petersburg campus but is not under its umbrella. "They look at themselves and go, '89 standards, 87 passed, 2 dings.' I guess I'd shrug my shoulders, too."
• • •
Opened in 1965, USF St. Petersburg was the first of USF's regional campuses. For years it was viewed as a scenic backwater, serving older, nontraditional students in a setting that felt more like a glorified community college than a vital branch of a burgeoning research power.
Many supporters wanted more. And in 2001, they got it — ready or not.
After then-state Sen. Don Sullivan, R-St. Petersburg, took a serious but unsuccessful stab at making the campus wholly independent, USF St. Petersburg settled on winning separate accreditation.
Supporters say that status gives them the best of both worlds: close ties to a big-name research institution, but enough independence to control their own budget, faculty, and goals.
For the most part, supporters say, the school is becoming the liberal arts college it wants to be: vibrant, urban, intimate, special.
"We've always been a hybrid institution, and we've gloried in that," said Arsenault, who arrived at the university in 1980. "We did not want to be typecast as strictly speaking a teaching institution. Our model, I think, was more Williams College or Amherst, the so-called Potted Ivies."
Change is obvious in the numbers.
USF St. Petersburg had 3,995 students in 2001. It has 5,300 now. The faculty has grown from 93 members to 159 over the same period.
In 2003 alone, it hired 75 new faculty and administrative staff members.
Meanwhile, the university has poured $51 million into construction in the past five years, including a seven-story parking garage, a Barnes & Noble bookstore and a 95-suite residence hall that lures younger, more traditional students. Last month, it broke ground on a 35,000-square-foot science and technology building.
But with rapid change has come anxiety and tension.
In line with separate accreditation, the school set up a new administrative structure in 2003. In the time since, two of five founding deans and all three original vice chancellors have been replaced.
"A lot of these people were brought in from the outside," said Darryl Paulson, a professor of government at USF-St. Petersburg. "I think they would have been better off if they retained some of their institutional knowledge."
Turf battles with Tampa continue to crop up, most recently over control over the regional campus library. And as recently as last year, supporters again aired fears that administrators in Tampa were undermining them.
"It's hard to operate a large, multicampus system," said Gary Mormino, an acclaimed USF history professor who relocated to the St. Petersburg campus after 25 years in Tampa. "Here we have what appears to be an autonomous structure in St. Petersburg, but you still have issues that demand intercampus operation."
Karen White, regional chancellor for USF St. Petersburg, said some may second-guess some of the university's decisions. But the bottom line over the past decade is extraordinary progress, she said.
• • •
Officials with the accrediting agency, the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools, concluded USF St. Petersburg failed to comply with two standards that involve measuring student progress. One deals with assessing the academic skill of general education students, in areas like writing and critical thinking. The other involves tracking student success after graduation.
The concerns were not new. The agency raised them when it initially accredited the school in June 2006, and again in December when it put the university on warning status.
University officials said the agency has yet to share details of its most recent findings with them, but that answers could come as soon as Monday.
Supporters suggest probation is not unusual for newly accredited institutions, an opinion an agency official didn't share.
"While we do not keep a running score on this matter, my impression is that only occasionally are newly accredited institutions sanctioned," vice president Tom Benberg wrote in an e-mail.
Supporters don't like the black eye. But they expect it will be treated and healed.
Changing so much so fast at USF St. Petersburg could have been "the nightmare of the millennium," said Betzer, who also heads the St. Petersburg Downtown Partnership. Instead, "this might represent the single greatest transformation that's ever occurred in an academic setting."
Ron Matus can be reached at email@example.com or (727) 893-8873.


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Investigation results in prescription drug arrest
By REBECCA CHAISSON
Daily News Editor
A month-long investigation by the Jennings Police Department led to a search and subsequent drug arrest Wednesday.
As a result of the search, Patrick Touchet, 47, of 802 Bryan Street, was arrested on charges of possession of a Schedule I narcotic, two counts of possession of a Schedule II narcotic, money laundering and possession of drug paraphernalia.For the complete story and more local news, please subscribe to Jennings Daily News by clicking subscribe or by calling 337-824-3011.
Short URL: https://www.jenningsdailynews.net/?p=19964
Posted by Graphic Designer 2 on May 24 2013. Filed under News. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0. Both comments and pings are currently closed.


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Jordan Hall, Travis Howard and Corey "Pittsburgh" Brown have been reinstated by the NCAA and will be eligible to play against Miami this saturday night as long as they repay the $200 ahead of kickoff.
The reason for two games?
The reinstatement staff determined the nature and scope of the violations, particularly the provision of cash benefits by a booster, merited a two game suspension.
The release notes the players received envelopes of cash provided by a university booster.


text: Andrea James / 6:11 am Thu, Dec 29, 2016 Turns out flying squirrels can fly while holding giant pine cones Moonlight Gliders is a beautifully shot and reported piece on mating season for Montana's flying squirrels. Among the amazing facts shared by Alexander V. Badyaev: they can glide while carrying rather large pine cones in their mouths. Read the rest SHARE / TWEET / 24 COMMENTS gymnosperms / montana / Nature / pine cones / squirrel / squirrels / wildlife


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A Tgirl's Night Before Christmas
A Transgender Holiday Story
de Sunday Purcell
Acerca del libro
A Tgirl's Night Before Christmas is a charming interpetation of the cherished Christmas classic by Clement C. Moore, "A Visit from St. Nicholas". This new work is a poem parody of the original which was responsibile for the traditional Santa Claus model. The Tgirl version celebrates female trandergender experience with lighthearted rhymes and whimical illustrations in full color. The wording is also hand colored with femine accents that honors the joy and spirit of the season. The story follows the theme of Santa's arrival, but it turns out to be Nicole instead of Saint Nickolas that needs help to get the gifts wrapped for delivery. It is filled with serious silliness that any LGBT person will enjoy for the special time of the year!
Características y detalles
Vertical estándar, 20×25 cm
28 Páginas
- Fecha de publicación sep. 11, 2011
- Etiquetas Hand Lettered, Hand Painted, Night Before Christmas, Calligraphy, Tgirl, Transgender, Christmas, SCC, Holiday, Adult, Tranny, GG, SO, TG, Poem
Acerca del creador
Author and Illustrator Sunday Purcell is a quirky, graphic designer that specializes in hand painted images & calligraphy. She is a long time creator of whimiscal doodles that translate to a cheerful patchwork of designs featuring everyday items and joyful patterns. Her interpretation of the original classic- "Night Before Christmas" poem -includes a cast of persnickety Tgirls who assist an exceptionally attractive "Santa" as she leaves assorted jewels and surprises to repay the gurls for their help. Sunday is a sassy GG artist that is "a little bit different" & has been married to her SO since the 1980's. She intents to create more nontraditional modern fairy tales about becoming the person you feel you are inside that will inspire people of all ages and gender identity. Contact her at: email@example.com http://www.facebook.com/pages/Sunday-Purcell/270035866347748
Inicia sesión o crea una cuenta para publicar un comentario.


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Anita Margulies BSN RN, completed her professional training at Michigan State University, U.S.A. followed by a position as head nurse at the University of Michigan Medical Center. Her specialty is in adult clinical oncology nursing with particular emphasis on systemic therapies. She is active in developing and organising oncology education programmes as well as lecturing for nurses and other healthcare professionals at all levels both in Switzerland and Europe.
Her work in Switzerland at the University Hospital in Zürich covered over 40 years of clinical oncology. She was responsible for organising one of the first out-patient oncology nursing units in Switzerland and developing nursing curricula in various nursing schools. Since 2010 she is self-employed as a consultant and educator on many projects and educational events in and out of Switzerland.
She is member of Onkologiepflege Schweiz (Chair - Continuing Education Group), EONS (European Oncology Nursing Society, Co-chair Education Working Group), ECCO (European CanCer Organisation, Executive Board Member), ESMO, the Swiss Oncology Nursing Society, the Cancer League Zürich (Board member), the Oncology Nursing Society (USA). Within these groups, she is presently working on various projects.
Anita Margulies is co-editor and main responsible for Onkologische Krankenpflege Springer Verlag, 6th Ed. in process and co-editor Medikamente in der Tumortherapie Springer Verlag, 4rd Edition. She has also been instrumental in publishing various symptom management guidelines both in Switzerland and Europe.
In 2013 she received the Pezcoller Foundation Award.
Anita Margulies is living in Zürich, Switzerland, is married and has two sons.


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Google+ Usage Jumps 30 Percent
In the weeks that Google has made its Google+ social network public, traffic to the site has climbed approximately 30 percent, according to data from Experian Hitwise.
Hitwise compared traffic to Google+ during the first four weeks of September to the first four weeks of October and found that Google+ averaged about six million total visits during October, a 30 percent jump from the previous month. Hitwise did not include traffic from mobile or the notification bar, so those numbers could be higher.
Total page views, meanwhile, were up 37 percent, with an average of 15 million during October. Users spent 5 percent more time on Google+ this month, or about five minutes. That's a bit higher than Twitter, where users spent about 3 minutes and 42 seconds, on average. But as Hitwise noted, that's nothing compared to Facebook, where users spent about 10 minutes per session way back in 2006, one month after the site opened to the public.
But Hitwise found that engagement is pretty notable on Google+, with about 62 percent of users returning to the site regularly.
Earlier this month, Chitika reported that Google+ usage skyrocketed in the days after it opened to the public on September 20 but then dropped about 60 percent as the excitement leveled off.
In recent weeks, however, Google has made more of an effort to integrate its existing products into Google+, including Google Apps and Google Reader. The search giant is also rumored to be prepping a music service that will have ties to Google+. During a recent earnings call, Google confirmed that Google+ now has more than 40 million users.
Two weeks ago, Google said it would kill its troubled Buzz social feature in order to focus on Google+. For more, see PCMag's full review of Google+ and the slideshow below, as well as our reviews of the Google+ app for iPhone and Android, and hands on with the Google+ App for iPad.
For more from Chloe, follow her on Twitter @ChloeAlbanesius.


text: Hi Guys, i'm bit of a new boy on the forum and need a little help...please! I have fitted a new N75 J upgrade from the old N75, however have experienced problems when driving hard at around 3000rpm as if there is no power, then blip the accelerator, then pulls again. I have read somewhere previously on here, that the N75J is fitted in the opposite way round to the standard N75? is this correct or am i talkin out of me ****?! the electrical connector is pointing towards the engine block. any help or photo's would be appreciated.


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C2G Velocity #40015 3m Velocity Illuminated Tip TOSLINK Optical Digital Audio Cable (9.8ft) - Digital audio cable (optical) - TOSLINK (M) to TOSLINK (M) - 10 ft - fiber optic - (40015)Item#: 7077857 | Model#: 40015
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Cables To Go 10-Foot Optical Digital Audio Cable Product Details
Cables To Go 10-Foot Illuminated Tip Optical Digital Audio Cable
Make a positive connection every time with Illuminated Tip Optical Cables from Cables To Go. The illuminated ring ahead of the connector body indicates that the cable is connected properly and signal is present. The unique round universal plug will connect to a TOSlink jack without consideration of the connectors orientation. 6mm, soft-flexible PVC jacket protects the delicate fiber core. Toslink cables eliminate EMI and RFI interference common to standard Audio/Video cables.
- Unique illuminated tip indicates a positive conection
- "Universal" plug connects without consideration of the plugs orientation
- 6mm diameter soft-flexible PVC jacket
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Manufactured by: C2G
Warranty provided by: C2G
UPC No: 757120400158
Mfg Part No: 40015
Box Size:
( Length:9, Width:6, Depth:1)
Shipping Weight: 0.1000 pound(s)
Dimensional Weight: 1pounds
What is Dimensional weight?
Click here for full warranty and support information
- C2G logos are registered trademarks of C2G. All others trademarks and copyrights mentioned herein are the property of their respective owners.


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Google Links: 0 | Indexed Pages: 0 updated 19 Aug 2017
PageRank: N/A updated 19 Aug 2017
Internal Links: 31
External Links: 29 (0 nofollow)
PageRank: N/A updated 19 Aug 2017
Internal Links: 31
External Links: 29 (0 nofollow)
Safety Analyze
|Google Safe Browsing
|WOT (Web of Trust)
Alexa ranking table for arsenaltransfers.co.uk
|Last week
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|Last 3 months
How much arsenaltransfers.co.uk worths?
We have estimated the price of arsenaltransfers.co.uk analyzing realtime advertising rates, search traffic and unique visitors to $64,129. You can place our pricetag widget on your site in order to attract attention to your customers.
source: statsie.com
Page Analysis
Page Size: 21 kilobytes (21,550 bytes)
Text to code ratio: 9%
Text to code ratio: 9%
Meta Tags Analysis
Title: Arsenal Transfers.co.uk – Arsenal Transfer Gossip and News Daily | Arsenal Transfer is a new Arsenal website searching the net for all Arsenal FC transfer news for you, the fans. We find latest players linked to Arsenal and give detailed analysis on the likelihood of them ever wearing the red and white of Arsenal.
Meta information should be descriptive enough, but not so long. It should help search engines to provide reliable information about the site.
Link Analysis
External Links: 29 (0 nofollow)
If a site has a lot of outbound links (these are links from the site to third-party sites) it is bad for the site reputation, and also it can be a signal that the site is exchanging link ads. These practices are a good argument for search engines to penalize the sites for manipulating the results.
Internal Links: 31
Heading Tags Analysis
H1 Tags: 1
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H3 Tags: 0
H4 Tags: 6
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H2 Tags: 8
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H4 Tags: 6
H5 Tags: 0


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Nb Team Stuns Established Stars In GT Asia Series Debut
Posted by: newsla on May 22, 2014 - 08:43 AM
Nb Team Stuns Established Stars In GT Asia Series Debut
Itâs rare in any form of sport that a complete rookie team enter a series or an event and make an immediate impression, however thatâs exactly what new Chinese GT Asia Series debutantes âNB Teamâ did during their debut at the Korea International Circuit in Yeongam.
Campaigning two brand new 2014 Aston Martin Vantage GT3s, the NB Team revealed SuperGT race winner Andrea Caldarelli and experienced GT campaigner Massimiliano [Max] Wiser would join GT debutantes Jiang Xin (Kane) and Fu Song Yang (Sean) for the 13-round GT Asia campaign.
Just weeks ahead of the Korea round the team flew their new cars to Sepang for some valuable testing miles, then straight to Korea International for the pre-season âunofficialâ test day on the Thursday ahead of the opening round.
The two cars looked stunning, but they drew attention for more than just their aesthetics, they were also fast.. blisteringly fast.
Caldarelli showed just why he is rated as one of the best SuperGT drivers in Japan, setting a pace at times more than a second quicker than the established series front-runners and their âProâ drivers. Drivers like Keita Sawa, Craig Baird, Rob Bell and former F1 driver Alex Yoong.
Wiser too was quick, as was his Lamborghini Super Trofeo Asia championship winning team-mate Kane Jiang, although like Sean Fu, Jiang admitted that Korea was about learning the car and the different style of driving a GT3 car required.
By the close of the two Friday âofficialâ practice sessions, both Caldarelli and Wiser had their cars within reach of the leaders, but their focus was on giving their co-drivers more important laps.
âWe proved yesterday that the cars have the pace, but this event is about team-work, so itâs important that we work with our co-drivers and make sure they are comfortable in the cars,â Caladarelli explained.
By qualifying Caldarelli proved just how good the cars were by setting the pace in session one, a quarter of a second faster than Keita Sawa in the Clearwater Racing Ferrari, a driver widely regarded as the best GT3 pilot in Asia. Wiser too was quick, the Italian claiming the eighth fastest time, immediately behind Yoong in the Audi.
In session two both Fu and Jiang improved again, Jiang taking a big leap forward to set the ninth fastest time, immediately behind former GT Asia champion Dilantha Malagamuwa, whilst Fu also made a big step forward to claim the 13th starting position.
Caldarelli held the field under his control for the rolling start in race one, but the Aston driver came under fire from Sawa and Bell into turn one, dropping in behind the chrome Clearwater Racing McLaren on the exit of turn two.
Behind him Wiser became embroiled in a three way Aston Martin battle for fifth place with the CRAFT bamboo Racing duo of Warren Luff and local driver Tacksung Kim.
The three drivers banged wheels and doors as they battled for the advantage, Wiser in the end pitting from fifth to hand across to Jiang, whilst Caldarelli stopped at the end of the compulsory pit stop window to hand over to Su, the Chinese driver rejoining in fourth just as the Safety Car was deployed to recover the stricken Jeffrey Lee Audi.
Whilst the safety crew managed to clear the Audi quickly, the Safety Car was unable to pick up race leader Hiroshi Hamaguchi, and circulated for almost 15 minutes trying to get the field in order. With nine minutes to go the Safety Car pulled in, and Fu drove the race of his life to hang on to sixth place at the flag, whilst Jiang crossed the line immediately behind him.
âThat was hard work, but I really enjoyed it,â Jiang smiled post-race. âHaving never driven a GT3 car like this before, it was a real challenge, especially learning how to drive with all the aero. Itâs a very different driving style to the 4-wheel drive Super Trofeo, so it took a bit to get used to, but Iâm very happy with the result.â
Whilst the âProâ drivers started the car in race one, it was up to the âAmateurâ drivers to start the car in race two for their first GT3 rolling-start.
Both drivers came through cleanly and settled into a rhythm. Fu was first in during the compulsory pit stop to hand over to Caldarelli, the Italian quickly into the 2:08s before setting the fastest lap of the race - a mid 2:07 before pulling into the pits just a handful of laps into his stint.
âWe donât know exactly whatâs happened, but there has been a mechanical failure somewhere in the engine,â Caldarelli explained. âIt wasnât major, but certainly forced our retirement. It was disappointing not to finish the race, but our goal this weekend - our very first race - was to gain experience and give Sean and Kane some valuable laps and we achieved that.
âAn engine failure in an Aston is rare, so weâll go away and do some research before Autopolis and be ready to go again there.â
Whilst the #5 car was forced into retirement, Jiangâs opening stint had put the car into the top six ahead of the pit stops. Wiser was quickly up to speed hauling in the CRAFT Aston to move into the top four, which became a podium finish after Alex Yoong retired the leading Audi.
âIt was not a really easy race for us, we needed to do a better job in qualifying,â Wiser admitted. âKane did a great job and overtook the other two Astons and gave the car to me in P5. I could see Sawa in the mirror so I tried to push as hard as I can. The car was very good today and we are on the podium in our first race in GT Asia.
âThis championship is at a very high level this year and our team did a very good job. I would like to say a very big thank you to everybody. We are only a new team with two Chinese drivers and we would like to improve every race and push them as much as we can.â
Jiang too was happy with the result, although like Wiser - lamenting the low starting position. âYes I am happy for the first time I have driven the GT3. My starting position was not so good, but I managed to pass a couple of cars during my race and give the car to Max to get onto the podium.â
âI think we surprised a lot of people,â Jamey Blaikie, the teamâs Australian team-manager admitted post-event. âTwo brand new cars, relatively untried, and two drivers with no prior GT3 experience. With all of that taken into consideration, to take away one pole, the fastest GT3 race lap around the circuit, and a podium is a pretty good start, especially against teams of this caliber. The aim now will be to take another step forward at Autopolis.â
Despite their ârookieâ status, the NB Team now sits fourth and ninth in the championship points after two of 13 rounds. They will have little time to regroup ahead of the third and fourth rounds of the championship at the Autopolis Circuit in Japan in just over a week where they will be looking to find some improvement and work both cars further towards the front of the field.
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Updated Dec 24, 2012 by omskknockout
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