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Perpetual Beta: Knowledge Design and Curation Course Rationale
Seeding the Knowledge Garden Beta Lab: Developing a Cross-disciplinary course in Knowledge Design & Curation for George Brown College.
By Jim Kinney, Professor, School of Art & Design, George Brown College.
The number of web pages in existence today is estimated at anywhere from 25 billion to 1 Trillion and is moving towards an infinite value. Having the equivalent of all human knowledge a mere Google search away confers knowledge power on the average internet user that eclipses the wildest imaginations of our predecessors yet, in order to fully utilize this incredible resource, requires that we are able to harness this chaotic agglomeration by subjecting it to a process of refinement.
The rigour of computer science and library science has helped to make this infinite datascape easier to navigate, search and visualize. As more of our economic activity migrates to this space, productivity gains as well as new ways of interacting stimulate the emergence of novel economic patterns with new value propositions. These emerging values do not conform to the old paradigms of vertical, hierarchal organisation and functional specialization with their synchronized production of concrete artefacts.
Artefact production is an anachronism of an industrial age that we have been increasingly outsourcing and leaving behind. We have migrated to a new space where value lies not in things but in relationships and this new landscape has opened the door to a creative impulse that has not been experienced since the dawning of the renaissance.
The adept is one who can work outside the traditional constraints of space, time and function and who can assume a multiplicity of roles and adapt on the fly to rapidly changing environments. These participants in the new economy will, by necessity, be effective in team-based approaches and organizations will need to move to a rapid response or Just-In-Time operational model that can accommodate changes in the wind and allow for innovation.
In order to allow for the incubation, acceleration and commercialization of ideas organizations will need processes and infrastructure that allow for a design-centred approach that can quickly prototype, test and refine ideas for market. Part of an effective infrastructure will be a cultural apparatus that promotes multi-disciplinary collaborations that allow for the confluence of design thinking, new methods, materials and technologies to solve problems in a myriad of domains such as healthcare, service sectors, security, finance, etc.
Crucial to the success of this design-centred approach will be building the capacity to capture and curate process knowledge on the fly in order to build a powerful, searchable knowledge repository that can be drawn upon to inform other teams working on other projects. The ability to organize effective teams and capture their experiences, as it happens, and to use this intelligence in debriefs to inform standards of best practice will be an integral tool in the emerging economy. The ability to modularize the functionality of knowledge assets in order to enhance their accessibility and usefulness as well as an ability to re-configure and repurpose these assets for a variety of applications constitute an emerging skillset. See Appendix 1 (Knowledge Worker)
Participants in the emerging economy will require broad base of skills that can be adapted to a multitude of scenarios in order to collaboratively, co-create, curate, distribute and monetize digital assets and experiences. Whether you are a Chef working with a programmer to produce an interactive mobile menu application that will allow for people around the globe to participate in a cooking class from home or whether you are a Palliative Care practitioner who is documenting patient care and interactions on a tablet in consultation with a medical doctor, you will need to know how to work in a team in order to design workflows and applications that help you to optimize your outcomes. Given that these complex systems are rendered more usable through rich visual interfaces, at least a rudimentary knowledge of these processes would be critical to establishing a common framework of practice around how information in the moment is best captured and made usable. This forms the basis for a new class of participant in the emergent economy that we can call the knowledge holder/creator. The knowledge holder must be adept at working with programmers, engineers and designers to render their knowledge into assets and experiential opportunities that are more accessible and usable by a broader spectrum of clients. The knowledge holder will need to learn the skills of capturing and curating their know-how in ways that optimize this accessibility and usability.
The Knowledge Garden Project
This project used a team-based, distributed model of peer-to-peer learning that was designed as an adaptive response to pervasive, persistent and aggressive change in technology.
By reframing traditional classroom roles and empowering students as co-creators/designers of knowledge, over 150 individuals were soon doing the work that was done by only one. The ability to rapidly research, demonstrate, document, podcast, archive and curate a myriad of learning experiences across a broad spectrum delivered the power to generate know-how that was vastly superior in both quality and quantity to what could have been done by a professor alone.
The fact that subsequent teams of students would assume stewardship of this resource meant that an entirely new generation of stakeholders could work on updating and improving the resource by adding searchability, improved assets, better organization, etc. Even if a new release meant that over 30 hours of podcast instruction and hundreds of PDF manual pages were rendered obsolete, the new owners could cope with this. While this would represent an unmitigated disaster for a group of professors this was a relatively simple fact of life that could easily be remedied with another burst of creativity from its stakeholders. Individually, the task was leviathan, collectively—it was relatively easy.
In this model the professor took on the role of mentor providing research direction that best tied to the problems being tackled. Finally, the professor acted as a knowledge harvester—taking the best materials and promoting their use within a content system by the broader student population.
This new methodology combined with some software and hardware infrastructure paved the way for creating a Just In Time or RISK-based approach to learning (Rapid Integration of Skills and Knowledge).
Beta Lab (Knowledge Curation and Design Course)
While the provenance of this idea was borne in the context of teaching software to Graphic Design students it quickly became apparent that the real potential for innovation lay in bringing design practice, RISK methodology and Knowledge capture/curation infrastructure and know-how to non-traditional disciplines in order to widen the net of inclusion and to "push the envelope" as it were in disciplines that, traditionally, had not enjoyed the sort of knowledge/tech transfer that designers have enjoyed since the mid 1980's. It occurred to me that a multi-disciplinary approach had the potential to float many more boats and provide a context for rich interdisciplinary collaborations that would address some of the key skills and competencies required by the communities that we serve—namely, the ability to collaborate and communicate effectively.
A workforce that has the knowledge skill and infrastructure to capture and reframe the intelligence of their respective fields delivers the capacity to transform those fields by making their know-how accessible, searchable, transferrable, comprehensible and highly mobile. These new modalities have the added capacity to generate revenue and promote great efficiencies while binding participants in the process to powerful new modes of interaction and providing them with direct participation at the epicentre of the new and emerging economy.
The Ground Covered
I have worked since 2003 on refining methods of peer-based collaboration within the context of design. My students have self-organized, self-taught, demonstrated and published a wealth of materials in the three primary areas of Photocomposition, Illustration and Page Layout/ Printing using Adobe's industry standard toolsets. The learning was contextualized in solving three main problems: The production of highly realistic illustrations using the two-dimensional medium of Adobe Illustrator and the compilation of a manual that detailed the tools, tips and techniques necessary for accomplishing the task. Further explorations of Photoshop were required in order to produce a compelling piece of cover art for the manual and InDesign was used to publish the materials as a PDF book. Rather than learning being a series of seemingly disconnected factoids, each element eventually took its rightful place in a sequence whose sum resulted in expert and compelling works. All of the research presentation and publishing were co-ordinated and executed in a collective fashion while the Illustrations, naturally, provided an outlet for individual expression and grading. It was a blended form of learning that, while it allowed for a summative expression of individual abilities, could not have been made possible without a concerted commitment to a group-based approach to learning.
Initially, Students not only showcased their individual talents (some of whom won international design awards from Adobe) but they each shared the fruits of their collective efforts in the form of a beautifully designed and extremely informative manual covering key functions of three very key Adobe toolsets.
In 2009 I participated in a joint research project with Apple Computer and three other Canadian universities that allowed me to explore the potential for the creation and distribution of mobile learning assets for and by students. This opportunity resulted in the generation of a rich, searchable resource that could be configured and used both on an individual and a collective level. In addition to the usual production of illustrations, cover art and how-to manuals, over 200 podcasts were generated many employing closed captioning and several executed in other languages such as Spanish and Mandarin—effectively transforming what would normally be considered as a roadblock to learning into a terrific learning advantage. The racial and linguistic diversity of our large urban mosaic was changed from challenge to opportunity by leveraging this inherent capacity to speak to the world. On conclusion of the research, infrastructure was repatriated and, only recently, has it been re-established with the acquisition of a new podcast and wiki server. Ideally, it would have been helpful to acquire a third authentication and sign-on server but we are working on managing these resources in a very independent manner that allows us to minimize reliance on IT resources and maximize experimentation and innovation by way of this relative autonomy.
The Course
It occurred to me that the course should build incrementally in order to develop best practices, test infrastructure robustness and requirements and that early iterations should be limited to design students with proven capacity to work with these technologies and document their processes in a clear and usable manner. Later iterations should ideally reach out to include other departments within our school in order to allow them to explore untapped niches of opportunity in their own domains. Eventually, in the third phase the course would encourage community members NGOs/agencies and private companies to partner with the program in order to leverage our capacity for providing solutions to these problems. I envision a cross-disciplinary team that would involve second or senior year students from various departments in order to provide a broad base of skill sets, a variety of faculty consultants, an IT liaison, a community partner with a problem to solve and a technology provider who sees in the community partner an opportunity to explore untapped applications for their product. This ecosystem of stakeholders would then collectively define and deliver innovation in the sectors represented by our community partners. The college itself could be designated as its own community partner and derive benefit from the creation of a cutting-edge knowledge ecosystem that buoys up underserviced areas. For instance, the simple inclusion of closed captioning as part of any workflow by student researchers creates a direct benefit of inclusion for a broader swath of the community!
Just In Time
The benefits of access to pre-release (beta-level) engagement with toolsets are significant. Instead of reacting to change, participants would have a role in shaping the changes affecting them by occupying a seat at the table where decisions are being made. This ground-sourced form of participation is a trend that will continue to grow and be incorporated in the development and marketing strategies of most leading companies. Any institution that can incorporate this form of dialogue into its program cannot help but assume a leadership role in shaping future trends and, as a corollary of this approach, its students are given significant lead times that allow them to anticipate and prepare for the changes that will effect their respective industries in ways that are profitable to them and the organizations that they work for.
Already the wheels have been set in motion with Apple Computer and Adobe Systems with respect to high value strategic relationships that involve this sort of cutting edge research and curriculum. Eventually, I envision an evolution of the lab where a multi-disciplinary team of students works with faculty, IT, a community partner using pre-release technologies that are being tested on real world problems—moving from scenarios of theoretical use to actual case use. Students and faculty would not only gain experience in emerging technologies ahead of the curve, they would get to apply it in particular instances relative to a problem identified in the community. They would also capture and curate this know-how and report to the various stakeholders on progress. The beta providers would gain access to a team of researchers who would provide critical bench testing of their wares and access data relevant to contextual use scenarios as well as proof of use for new markets/customers. They also would share in the warehoused knowledge and make this public on the release date. The fact that the beta providers could then offer the know-how material that was produced to their traditional user base as well as to anticipated new markets is a powerful incentive to participate.
The college would have the advantage of having know-how embedded in its participants but also in the form of searchable podcasts that could then be distributed to the broader community on the release date. The students, too, would have established a leadership position vis-à-vis this know-how and would have developed valuable research and collaboration skills in the process.
An opportunity also exists to license and distribute this content to create an income stream through Knowledge channels such as Lynda.com, iTunes, etc.
Strategically, Knowledge Capture and its curation are highly significant in adapting to the skills and knowledge vacuum created by the wave of succession caused by the Boomer generation's exit from the workforce. Implicit knowledge held by Boomers, is in danger of being lost if it is not expressed, captured and repurposed for a smaller, younger generation taking the reins. Much work needs to be done in helping organizations acquire and utilize the capacity to capture and re-purpose the strategically important knowledge that constitutes their intellectual capital and competitive advantage. It is entirely reasonable to promote this form of Knowledge design and curation as a standard business practice.
What We Need
The project has only tacit approval at this stage. The course outline has been submitted to both the Director, Luigi Ferrara and his Co-ordinator, Judith Gregory for approval. We will need:
Lab space: Room to accommodate 15-20 people with tables in the centre to facilitate face to face interactions. White boards around perimeter to allow dtailing of discussions and prototyping.
Podcast Server/WIKI server (already acquired)
Service contracts to guarantee QS. On system configuration and maintenance
10 new computers (preferably Mac)
High bandwidth Wireless connection to the internet
VPN clients for senior administrators
Pre-release Software/Hardware and reporting software
Cross-disciplinary liaison to assist with outreach and building connections to other departments.
Creation of cross-curricular (Gen Ed) Requirement or accreditation possibly incentivized by two credits.
Ability to extend tenure of particpants to more than one term.
Terms of Engagement Agreements/ NDA's, etc.
Recruitment process.
Interview process.
Legal advise on streamlining a process for binding a diverse group of stakeholders to the obligations of a Non-disclosure agreement while upholding the rights of individuals or organizations bound by them.
The will and the vision to support the project.
Potential Downside
The success of this enterprise is contingent on a number of factors. First, if the institution and its leaders fails to understand what is at stake and what the benefits are, it will be difficult to promote the risk-taking necessary to facilitate the acquisition of adequate resources and to experiment with new approaches in delivery. Cross-disciplinary approaches are difficult to co-ordinate with willing partners. A climate of risk mitigation will minimize participation in unproven territory and will default to a wait-and-see approach that is anathema to innovation—cultural acceptance of risk taking is necessary. Binding agreements between stakeholders need to be negotiated in order to ensure longer term viability. This will require signatories at the management level to give the project the endorsement it requires and to negotiate relationships that work to serve the interest of all parties involved. Other faculty and managers need to be educated on the significance of the approach and how it is validated through research and is consistent with emerging trends in experiential learning and is ideally suited as an adaptation and innovation methodology.
All stakeholders must perceive advantage in engaging with this approach and must be given a role in determining the contours of the engagement. Exclusion of any one party could result in a disconnection and a failure to "own" and promote the process towards excellence.
Given its marginal, off-grid approach adequate IT support for this project has been ad hoc in nature. Proper resourcing of IT support will be crucial to the success of any joint venture and care has to be taken to ensure clear and open channels of communication between our internal support and those of our technology providers. Failure to ensure that our technology partners and our internal IT partners are aligned in their respective tasks will result in technical impasses that will delay the move forward with project-based research.
NDAs are extremely important to partners providing pre-release opportunities and cultivating a climate of discretion and secrecy will be of the utmost importance. An interviewing process and the signing of binders by participants can help to lend weight to this necessity and the violation of these agreements would, understandably, do irreparable damage to the partner, the beta project and the reputation of the institution. The lab and the participants will be under wraps until the release date at which point we will be at liberty to share our successes and leverage any content/processes.
Non participation would effectively render the ambitions of this project to being moot and, so, proper promotion of its merits to the college community, managers, faculty, students and the broader community will be key to its long term success. Failure to promote the enterprise will result in its marginalization and eventual decline.
Keeping the initial offering limited to a small, select number of students will constitute budgetary pressure on the local level but will be necessary in order to ensure manageable success. The research-based focus may well present opportunities to attract research grants from government agencies, internal funding as well as our partners who will already be supplying in-kind investments of technology for our use but may well provide additional funding. Our community partners may best be able to provide an infusion of financial support given that we are helping them to solve a problem. The lab should be kept to a small group of 10-15 students and the professors involvement would require a release of two teaching blocks to accommodate proper oversight. As the lab culture matures we may be able to move to a staffing model where a student from a previous year is given the paying position of research lead and reducing the amount of direct involvement by the professor.
Debriefing sessions will be crucial to monitoring the health of a project and for instituting best-practices that will guide and inform future project participants. This will provide an opportunity to garner feedback/ratings from the various participants. A reporting structure will be necessary in order to share findings with the management layer and provide transparency and accountability on performance. Where NDAs allow, opportunities should be sought for presenting findings in the public domain through conferences, workshops etc. and victories and accomplishments should be celebrated in vehicles that are accessible to all of the parties (Trade Magazines, Symposia, Conferences, etc.).
This project represents over seven years of methodically acquiring resources, experimenting with methods and promoting its potential. I have every confidence that, with the proper support and dedication to its vision, it will help to place our college in a leadership position not only in innovation in teaching and learning but in providing new capacity to non "design-oriented" domains that will allow them to leverage the power of the knowledge that they hold and to migrate that knowledge into more contemporary domains that provide efficiencies as well as revenue-generating potiential.
I am excited to begin forging bold new partnerships and building something new and powerful that will serve our communities for years to come.
Jim Kinney


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We are an open-admission shelter serving the homeless animal population, and promoting responsible pet ownership, including spay/neuter.
Animals do not run out of time at Prairie's Edge Humane Society they stay with us either at the shelter or in foster homes until they are adopted into their forever home.
We are a non-profit 501(c) 3 corporation. We rely on the generosity of individuals and local businesses to provide our services.
Dogs may be visited at their foster homes and adoptions can be processed on an appointment basis outside of regular business hours.
Please be aware that all applications must be approved by our staff. If you rent your home a staff member from Prairie's Edge Humane Society will need to talk directly to your landlord to verify that pets are allowed at the property you rent. Please bring your landlords current phone number with you. If you rent your home our staff cannot approve the adoption until your landlord has been reached.
Certain animals may require a manager approval for adoption so you may or may not be able to take the animal home with you on the same day, however we are able to place a "hold" on the animal for 24 hours for a nominal fee which is applied towards the adoption fee, preventing the animal from being adopted by anyone else should this be required. If you do not return in 24 hours to claim the animal however the fee is non-refundable.
If you are adopting a cat, please come prepared with a kennel/carrier for safe transport from the shelter to your home. No cat will be allowed to leave without being secured in a kennel/carrier. This is also true for other small furries, such as rabbits, guinea pigs, gerbils, birds, etc.
All dogs are currently housed in foster homes. Once you have decided on a dog you might like to meet or if you have questions about a specific dog, please contact the shelter at 507-664-1035 and we will put you in contact with the foster family to make arrangements for meeting the dog or to answer questions in regards to the dog. If you decide to adopt the dog, you will be required to come to the shelter to finalize the adoption.
All dogs will be required to either be on a leash or in a kennel/carrier for transport from the shelter/foster home to your home. If you do not bring one with you, we do sell a variety of inexpensive collars, leashes, easy walk harnesses and gentle leaders in our retail area.
Since all animals have individual needs all adoptions are handled on a case by case situation depending on the animal you are adopting.
Thank You!
Your message has been sent to Prairie's Edge Humane Society.
You'll receive a copy, too, at to help you keep track of which pets you've inquired about, and which shelters and rescues you've emailed.
NOTE: Some shelters have physical locations you can visit; some of these shelters may only have pets for a limited time, so please do not wait for a reply—just go visit the shelter! Other organizations are rescue groups run by busy volunteers who may take a while to reply. You can find information about the shelter or rescue group caring for this pet, and their adoption procedures, on the pet's details page on Adopt-a-Pet.com.

subset: commoncrawl


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Select John Wayne Airport travelers will be able to take advantage of a quicker, easier security screening process beginning in mid-December under a program set up by the Transportation Security Administration, the airport announced.
The new Pre-Check program prescreens eligible passengers who will be diverted to a separate line for expedited security screening. Unlike the typical security process, Pre-Check travelers will be able to keep their shoes, light outerwear and belts on. They also won't have to take out their laptops or small liquid containers for inspection.
The TSA program is available to three groups of travelers. U.S. citizens traveling within the country who are select frequent flyers with Alaska, American, Delta, United and US Airways will be eligible. U.S. citizens who are members of the U.S. Customs and Border Protection Trusted Traveler programs, including Global Entry, SENTRI, and NEXUS, also will be able to use it. As of Nov. 15, Canadians in the NEXUS program also can participate in Pre-Check for travel within the U.S.
Passengers in the program will be prescreened and diverted to a separate security line based on special coding on their boarding passes. These travelers will be able to keep their shoes, light outerwear and belts on. They also won't have to take their laptops or their small liquid containers out for inspection.
Registration for the Pre-Check program is free. Global Entry, which makes re-entering the U.S. quicker after international travel, costs $100 but is good for five years. Participants in the Global Entry program must complete an online application, undergo a background check, submit fingerprints and complete an interview with a Customs and Border Protection officer.
John Wayne will be the 35th airport in the country to have the Pre-Check system. About 4 million travelers have registered nationwide.
"We think TSA Pre-Check will be very well received by our passengers," said Airport Director Alan Murphy. "Convenience is the hallmark of our airport and this program will make it even more convenient to use John Wayne Airport."
Travelers who want to learn more about the Pre-Check and Global Entry programs can go to a pop-up information center that will be open outside the security checkpoint in John Wayne's Terminal A on Mondayand Wednesday.
Contact the writer: 714-796-3646 or email@example.com


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High Speed DDR2: Buffalo and Crucial Deliver 1000+by Wesley Fink on 7/7/2006 12:05 AM EST
- Posted in
- Memory
24 Comments
Back to Article
Wesley Fink - Monday, July 10, 2006 - linkCrucial has advised AnandTech that "all of Crucial's memory products come with a lifetime warranty". We have updated the review to reflect this information on the Crucial warranty. Reply
MacGuffin - Saturday, July 08, 2006 - link
DDR2 1067 (2:3) Performance
It should read DDR2 1067 (1:2) Performance.
This needs to be fixed on Page 10, along with the link on Page 9 that points to page 10, and the Article Index drop-down list.
Excellent Review, nonetheless. Reply
JarredWalton - Saturday, July 08, 2006 - linkFixed, thanks. :) Reply
PLaYaHaTeD - Saturday, July 08, 2006 - linkI thought since the front side bus of the 965 is 1066, it would be the 'Holy Grail' to have the memory running at 1066 as well. Wouldnt this make it synchronous again? What am i missing? Reply
MacGuffin - Saturday, July 08, 2006 - linkSynchronous Operation (meaning FSB:DRAM Ratio at 1:1)
266MHz FSB -> 266MHz RAM Speed -> 533MHz DDR2
The 1:2 Divider (which isn't synchronous) yields 1066MHz
266MHz FSB -> 533MHz RAM Speed -> 1066MHz DDR2
Am I right or have I gotten it wrong? I haven't used Intel since I got this Socket 754 I am typing on. Reply
poohbear - Friday, July 07, 2006 - linkhello, just wanna clarify if the a64 can actually use any of the extra bandwidth provided by ddr2 800+? is it only for bragging rights or is the a64 actually saturated for memory bandwidth & therefore this higher bandwidth provides performance improvements? thanks in advance. Reply
Wesley Fink - Friday, July 07, 2006 - linkThe A64 does exhibit tremendous DDR2 bandwidth with the on-chip DDR2 memory controller, and memory bandwidth continues to improve as speed goes up. However, as we found in our testing of the AM2 in the DDR2 vs. DDR article, the AM2 design is not memory bandwidth starved, and the extra memory bandwidth makes almost no difference in real-world performance on the current AM2 platform. The improved memory bandwidth may make more of a difference in future AM2 designs. Reply
lopri - Friday, July 07, 2006 - linkI thought this issue was mentioned in the article but I couldn't find it when I re-read it. I know on intel system the memory running slower than 1:1 will result in small penalty, but how about memory running faster than FSB? I vaguely remember that I've heard somewhere it's better than 1:1 cause that way memory "pushes" or "rushes to" FSB. Another theory I've heard is that faster memory can make up for possible performance loss on FSB subsystem, leading to less CPU idle time. According to this review, regardless the ratio, the performance seems to increase linearly to memory speed increase.
So the questions being:
1. Is 1:1 the most ideal ratio without "waste"?
2. Or a slightly higher memory speed than FSB (such as 4:5) better than 1:1, preventing possible CPU idle time and "pushing" the data at the same time?
3. Or under the same CPU/FSB speed, the faster the memory the better the performance - indefinitely, taking advantage of faster memory speed?
I would think No.3 doesn't make sense because of the very FSB. In the end the FSB has been what's limiting both CPU and memory on Intel system. How could the performance get benefit from 3:5? In an ideal world there should be waste of 2. (5 - 3 = 2) Is the performance even better with 1:2? I can't imagine the FSB system being only 50% efficient, but is that the case?
Gary Key - Saturday, July 08, 2006 - linkLopri,
Please email me about this subject. Short story is 1:1 or 4:5 are your best ratios for the Intel platform at this time although this will change depending your choice of Conroe model. We will go over this in more detail shortly and I will respond here further once I complete some article testing.
Gary Reply
Locust - Friday, July 07, 2006 - linkVery good article, but I have a question. How come you guys did not review Corsair's PC8500 memory modules. I have been using 2GB kit(2x1GB) for over a month and getting timings comparable to OCZ's. DDR2 800 runs at 3-3-3-5 memory settings on same mobo.
Best si DDR 1000 @ 4-4-3-8 @ 2.2 recommended voltage.
Good to see more vendors offering these memory speeds, now let's just hope prices will get under $400 :-) Reply
JarredWalton - Friday, July 07, 2006 - linkWe're working on more memory reviews, and Corsair's offering will be reviewed soon. Reply
araczynski - Monday, July 10, 2006 - linkdidn't know that was an option, but that's ok, with the adblock solution i get to kill many birds with one stone. Reply
araczynski - Friday, July 07, 2006 - link...i'm getting fed up with the damn intellitext ads all over the place, anyone know of a surefire way to block that crap?
TIA Reply
araczynski - Friday, July 07, 2006 - linkNM, found adblock for firefox, brilliant! Reply
JarredWalton - Friday, July 07, 2006 - linkAnother option is to simply http://www.anandtech.com/siteinfo.aspx?intelli=y">turn it off in your site preferences. :) Reply
lopri - Friday, July 07, 2006 - linkExcellent review in that it shed light on DDR2 testing methodology on Intel platform. I should admit that I'd been quite ignorant about DDR2 scaling to this date. This article exaplains alot about the way Intel platform works and how dividers are used - in plain English. It seems, in a sense, it's easier to test memory on Intel platform, especially once Conroe arrives, with so many dividers available at any given CPU clock.
Thanks for an excellent review. BTW, when can we expect the P5W-DH review and/or DFI 975X Infinity review?
*nitpick1 : On page 5, there is a typo. ;)
With ratios, memory speed remains constant at 3.46GHz and memory speed is varied by choosing different ratios
Wesley Fink - Friday, July 07, 2006 - linkThanks, Lopri. The typo is now corrected.
Now that AMD has moved to DDR2 with AM2, memory dividers and memory speeds work exactly the same, with standard supported speeds to DDR2-800.
The P5W-DH review will post next week. Reply
semo - Saturday, July 08, 2006 - linkwhy don't you make a dedicated error reporting section for each article?
last page fifth paragraph:
quote:shoudln't that be "amd platform" Reply
DDR2 Memory on the Intel platform, however, is by definition Double Data Rate, so a 266 base setting is 533 (2x266).
Wesley Fink - Saturday, July 08, 2006 - linkWe were talking about how Intel handles memory speed which is why AMD was not also mentioned. DDR-533 is DDR-533 on BOTH the Intel and AMD platform. However, the CPU clock speed on the AMD platform is 400, while the bus speed on the Intel is 1066. AMD double pumps 200 on the clock to achieve 400, while the latest Intel processors quad pump 266 to achieve 1066. The BASE speed is still 200 AMD and 266 Intel.
1:1 on the AMD is therefore DDR2-400, but Hyper Transport and the on-chip memory controller on AM2 means the memory speed or ratios don't really matter. There is no penalty for running AM2 at ratios, but there is a very slight penalty for running Intel at other than 1:1 (DDR2-533) - in the range of 1% to 5% memory bandwidth reduction.
The AM2 has massive DDR2 memory bandwidth, but it is not memory-starved and really can't use the extra bandwidth in the current CPU design. It might matter more in future AMD designs. Reply
semo - Sunday, July 09, 2006 - linkok thanks i think i get it now. and it's a shame amd can't take advantage of the advances ddr2 has made (apart from the reduction in penalty going from ddr to ddr2) Reply
Wesley Fink - Saturday, July 08, 2006 - linkThat is DDR2-533 is DDR2-533 on BOTH Intel and AMD. Reply
rallyhard - Friday, July 07, 2006 - linkWow, that's some nice memory!
Kinda makes me feel a little less rediculously proud of the Mushkin XP2 PC2-5300 2gb sticks that I'll possess tomorrow.
Oh well, at least I paid less than half the price of either of these!
And to the above poster: Get a life! Reply
TheGlassman - Friday, July 07, 2006 - linkAnd since they were not tested on AM2, no point for me to consider any of them. Reply
ShoNuff - Friday, July 07, 2006 - linkFirst in!!! I've allways wanted to do that...reading now. Reply


text:
The Këble alphabet was invented by Cristiano Silva Júnior (a.k.a. Kris Bünny) to write his conlang by the same name. With a few adaptations, it can also be used to write Portuguese, English, Spanish, German, Japanese and French.
Öł humacienen börnæ fřæ uñ lëkcee im øthřëcpëkt uñ im ecayen. Givee öv račıo uñ colužo, musen actuc mit ełæ čiön im fřačetinidadehcpřit.
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with
reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
(Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights)
Download a font for Këble (TrueType, 7K)
If you have any questions about Këbe, you can contact Cristiano at:


text:
- Health & Sexual Violence
- Collaborating Partners
Collaborating Partners
- Child Sexual Assault Prevention
- Engaging Bystanders in Sexual Violence Prevention
- Healthcare Initiative
- Know Your Rights
- Lifespan
- Multilingual Access
- National Sexual Assault Conference
- Preventing Sexual Violence in Disasters
- Raliance
- Rape Prevention & Education (RPE)
- Rural Training Project
- SANE Sustainability TA
- Sexual Assault Demonstration Initiative
- Sexual Assault Demonstration Initiative
- Sexual Assault Response Teams (SART)
- Sexual Violence & the Workplace
- xCHANGE Forum
The NSVRC works with the following national healthcare provider associations that have been funded by the CDC to expand their leadership role in addressing sexual violence prevention. The American Academy of Pediatrics, the American College Health Association, and the International Association of Forensic Nurses are funded to create educational and support materials that will foster the knowledge, skills, and abilities necessary for their members to address sexual violence prevention in their practices and communities.
The American College Health Association has 2,700 members and 900 member institutions. They have created a Position Statement for Sexual Violence prevention: Preventing Sexual Violence on College and University Campuses. (www.acha.org).
Shifting the Paradigm: Primary Prevention of Sexual Violence
Toolkit provides facts, ideas, strategies, conversation starters, and resources for everyone on campus who cares about the prevention of sexual violence. The emphasis of this Toolkit is to encourage prevention activities that take place before sexual violence has occurred and which create social change and shift the norms regarding sexual violence.
The International Association of Forensic Nurses, which has 3,000 members, is creating a Primary Prevention of Sexual Violence course on-line for continuing education credits. For additional information such as a prevention road map, action steps and a bibliography go to their website. (www.iafn.org)
The American Academy of Pediatrics with over 65,000 members and 66 regionally-based centers has written an article entitled Social History Can Identify Youths at Risk of Sexual Violence. They also offer a toolkit that include an intake questionnaire and an office poster to facilitate discussions with patients during office visits. (www.aap.org)
Preventing Sexual Violence: An Educational Toolkit on CD-ROM for Health Care Professionals
Edited by Nancy Kellogg, MD, FAAP with contributions by Elizabeth M. Alderman, MD, FAAP; Becky Levin-Goodman, MPH; Randall Schlievert, MD, FAAP; Peter Simon, MD, MPH, FAAP; and John Stirling, Jr, MD, FAAP
The entire CD ROM is available for purchase online. Browse components of the Toolkit for FREE online, including an overview of the toolkit, links to tools for parents, managers and clinicians, and a preview of a featured video vignette.


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Eyeko Sparkle Powder
Eyeko is a makeup brand that I absolutely adore! I has a super cute anime girl with pink hair as it's logo to top it off!!! Their Sparkle Powder gives you that dream gleam you've always wanted and smells as sweet as candy!!! Check out all their kawaii adorable makeup products!!! <3


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Move over the profile to follow the route.
No stories submitted yet. Did you climb this mountain? Tell us your story!
Did you ride the Plein 1944 Nijmegen? Please send your cycling story, description or comments to climbbybike and get your own tour on climbbybike, or discuss about the Plein 1944 Nijmegen on our forum. You can also send us video's or send us pictures on the Plein 1944 Nijmegen.
© climbbybike™ All rights reserved 2005 -


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Ski features clean, sharp edges
1/4" tip area retains energy through turns
Rounded tail bevels for more tail freedom
Ski eliminates resistance at the end of a turn
Designed for competition, the Elite delivers dramatic speed and agility, taking your skiing experience to a new level. All-new Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) prevents carbon slip, stiff points, and air bubbles during construction, leaving the body with clean, sharp edges. Stiffness is maintained through the sides of the forebody to take unnecessary weight out of the largest area. The 1/4" thick tip area retains maximum energy throughout a turn. At 0.800" thick, the Elite creates very little drag when the ski is on edge. The Extended Pivot Point towards the rear allows you to decide how aggressive you want the edge change to be. Rounded tail bevels allow the tail freedom in the rotation of the turn, eliminating resistance at the end of the turn so you can maintain momentum. Line Lock Lite Fin with Pro Wing. Sector Bindings feature a low profile that helps you stay in control. Dual stretch zones allow your heel to lift past the ankle pressure zone and remain comfortable. Sector Binding sizes: S(5-7), M(7-10), L(10-12), XL(12-14).


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POLICE are seeking witnesses to an assault in Yeovil last Tuesday (June 3).
At 8.15pm a man was walking along Sherborne Road towards the town centre when another man overtook him near to the junction with Lyde Road. The victim was punched in the arm by the man and left with a puncture wound and bruising.
The victim described the offender as being 5'7" to 6' tall with a skinny build and in his late teens or early 20s. He was wearing a black hooded top with its hood up, blue jeans and red trainers.
The assault is being investigated and we'd like to hear from anyone who saw what happened or has information about the person responsible. If you can help please call us on 101 and quote 57626/14.


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FAMILY doctors are asking people to comment on how to address stress, depression and anxiety as figures show around 70,000 people in the county have mental health problems.
The Somerset Clinical Commissioning Group has published its 'Joint Mental Health and Wellbeing Five Year Strategy' and is inviting views from the public.
You can complete the on-line survey here.


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Humbug Mountain State Park
Just about any place you find on TravelOregon.com can be added to your own Oregon Roadtrippers Account. Find out how.
Get on the road with Roadtrippers
We've partnered with Roadtrippers to provide a great way to plan a trip around Oregon. So start planning your next road trip to here, there or pretty much anywhere in Oregon.
The park offers opportunities for camping, hiking, fishing, walking, windsurfing, SCUBA diving and evening programs.
The campground enjoys some of the warmest weather on the Oregon coast as the surrounding mountains offer protection from cool ocean breezes. Many visitors enjoy windsurfing and SCUBA diving. Hiking to the top of Humbug Mountain is a major activity.
Vital stats: The campground provides 30 electrical campsites, 78 tent sites (maximum site 55 feet) and a hiker/biker camp. Fees are charged for the campground.
What's around here? Location & Nearby Things to See & Do
These maps and directions are for planning purposes only. You may find that construction projects, traffic, or other events may cause road conditions to differ from the map results. For travel options, weather and road conditions, visit tripcheck.com, call 511 (in Oregon only), 800.977.6368 or 503.588.2941.
Is any of the information on this page incorrect?
A related Trip Idea
A Wild River and Scenic Coastline in Gold Beach
A whisker-faced river otter pops his head out of the water just yards away from our boat. I manage to get off a single shot with my camera before it dives again and re-surfaces nearby. After watching the otter for a few minutes, we leave our fuzzy…


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Features theater listings and show times for over 1900 separate venues including London's West End.
Features theater news, reviews & show times for Broadway, Off Broadway & London shows. Buy theater tickets online and receive special discount ticket offers
Features listings and tickets for Broadway, Off Broadway, regional tours and London. Includes schedule of upcoming Broadway shows and more.
TheaterMania.com is a comprehensive resource for complete Broadway, Off Broadway, and worldwide theater listings, ticket discounts, news, and reviews.
TickCo specializes in premium tickets to theater, concert, and sporting events. Provides listings of show dates and times by name, performer, or city.


text: Health Care Heroes 2013 Comments Email Print May 21, 2013 Updated Related LinksThe Big Issue: March 14, 2011What happens if we're no longer witnesses? Morning Roundup Business headlines from Crain's Cleveland Business and other Ohio newspapers — delivered FREE to your inbox every morning. Sign up for the Morning Newsletter.


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Adobe Introduces New Touch Interface for Adobe Marketing Cloud
Show: Adobe Marketing Cloud
Steve Hammond, Director of Integration Solutions for Digital Marketing, discusses a completely new way for marketers to get their work done across Adobe Marketing Cloud has been redesigned with a new, social-enabled UI the reimagines how marketers visualize, socialize and collaborate across teams and agency partners. Thinks of the rich visualizing and sharing capabilities of a social platform like Pinterest. The ultimate goal is to create a more aligned, nimble marketing organization that can move at the speed of digital, getting to insight and action faster than ever before.


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Hello all,
I am looking to build a grilling station at my house and have most things figured out but I need help and advice on the charcoal grill.
The station will be 10' to 12' long with a roof, lighting and perhaps plumbing for a sink.
Base will be made out of mortar and stones found in the yard during recent excavation and it will contain the following:
*Vermont Castings gas grill with the base removed so it can sit directly on the grill station.
*Hand made wood fired oven made from clay excavated at our house.
*Charcoal grill for the specific purpose of indirect grilling.
My wife is very comfortable with the Webber we have, and wants me to incorporate it into the grilling station. I personally have never liked the bowl design and want to make her something that can fit more charcoal and handle cooking a 25lb turkey or something larger. The turkey she cooked for Thanksgiving last year was practically touching the top of the Webber lid.
I have some pics below of the clay oven we will build as well as the general design and a pic of a camp grill that I thought may be useful to buy and then modify with vents and a hood.
Any help would really be appreciated.


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SAINT LEO, Fla. – The Saint Leo women's basketball team fell to the Lynn University Fighting Knights on Saturday evening at the Marion Bowman Activities Center on the campus of Saint Leo University by a score of 68-51.
Saint Leo (6-6, 1-1 SSC) was led offensively by Chelsea Connelly and Teresa Manigrasso, who each scored 13 points. Connelly, the leading rebounder in the Sunshine State Conference at 10.3 per game, grabbed 10 rebounds in today's effort. Elise Clyburn added nine points and three assists.
Despite holding Sunshine State Conference leading scorer Kira Harvey to seven second half points, Lynn (8-4, 1-1 SSC) held off the Lions to earn their first conference win of the season. Harvey totaled 20 points, including going 4-for-10 from beyond the arc.
The Lions trailed by as many as 15 in the first half, behind the scoring of Harvey and Tifani Kerrison. Lynn shot 40 percent from the field and 40 percent from behind the arc in the first half, compared to the Lions' 38 percent from the field and 22 percent from three-point range.
Lynn began to pull away in the second half when the Lions shooting went cold and shot just 24 percent from the field. The Lions were able to contain Lynn's Harvey in the second half, holding her to just seven points, but couldn't seem to get into any offensive flow to take advantage.
The Knights outscored the Lions in the paint 20-to-14, and had 14 more points contributed off the bench. The Lions held a 15-to-10 advantage on second-chance points.
The women's basketball team gets back in action on Wednesday, Jan. 9 when they host Florida Southern at 5:30 p.m.
For all the latest information on the Saint Leo women's basketball team be sure to 'like' us on Facebook here.
This postgame recap is brought to you by Papa Joe's Italian Restaurant in Brooksville, Fla.


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kirkystyle wrote:i was just going to ask about that knife . he was looking at that knife too, but the 210. I was trying to convince him he would be happier with 240 in the long run . I kinda feel like the grind of the knife is more important than the steel?
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Ruby Red Face Paint Stamps - Trebel Clef
Original Price: $3.00
Sale Price: $2.40
You Save: $0.60
Product Id: F131584
Quantity in Stock: 5
The Ruby Red Trebel Clef Face Paint Stamp is perfect for creating simple cheek art designs or hand stamps. All you have do is load the face paint on to the face paint stamp and apply to the skin. Simple. Ruby Red EVA Face Paint Stamps are made of durable foam for easy cleaning and multiple reuse. These face paint stamps are 1 in to 1.5 in at the widest (or tallest) point, the ideal size for small cheeks. Each stamp is about 1 in thick so you can easily hold on to them. The Ruby Red Trebel Clef Face Paint Stamp is ideal for easy cheek art at festivals, picnics or parties.
More Information on Ruby Red Stamps:
More Information on Ruby Red Stamps:
$16.00 $16.00
$3.38 $3.38


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More About Byrd/Buck Deal
Well, look: I love this deal. My stance has long been, regarding Marlon Byrd and John Buck, that dealing them for any asset whatsoever made sense. What they received, in Dilson Herrera, is more than just an asset. He's an upside play at second base, a place the Mets have… Read More →


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Did you know?
The African potato, or hypoxis, has been used medicinally by traditional healers for centuries.
For a delightful day out, take yourself off to Rosemary Hill, just 10 minutes from Pretoria, and see where organic farming has been practiced for over three decades.
This family-run organic farm prides itself on its welcoming and eco-friendly hospitality where you can potter around the nursery brimming with plants from which essential oils are distilled, nibble some home grown pecan nuts or simply admire over 30 000 fragrant trees and shrubs.
But no visit to Rosemary Hill should exclude high tea (prior booking is essential). You'll feast on cucumber and mint sandwiches, biltong and peppadew tartlets, wholegrain bread cups with salmon and caper berries, mini pancakes with chicken terrine, rosewater-glazed scones with cream and jam, custard-filled filo pastries, decadent cupcakes and creamy coffee chocolate mousse. Choose between 10 different brands of tea, or opt for coffee and a fresh fruit juice.
Before or after tea, take time to wander round the fragrant maze and breathe in aromas from over 3 000 plants, including lavender, rosemary and African potato.
If you feel the need to work off those recently acquired calories, you can follow a variety of mountain bike, running or hiking trails through fields of rosemary, over streams and dams, and though indigenous vegetation. Choose a 6km, 10km or 18km trail.
And if you're thinking of tying that knot, Rosemary Hill hosts traditional farm weddings, which, as the farm says, 'won't break the bank' and will leave you with wonderful memories.
Travel tips & Planning info
Who to contact
Rosemary Hill
Tel: +27 (0)12 802 0052
Email: email@example.com
How to get here
From Johannesburg take the N4 east to Emalahleni (Witbank). Take the Boschkop/Donkerhoek offramp. Go through the toll gate, turn right and continue on the dirt road for 2km to Rosemary Hill on your right.
Best time to visit
Spring and summer are the most fragrant months. High tea is served Saturdays from 11am to 1pm, and on Sundays and public holidays from 11am to 1pm, and 2pm to 4pm. The restaurant is open for light meals and breakfasts on Saturdays, Sundays and public holidays from 9am to 2pm.
What will it cost
High tea approximately R135 per person; running and cycling trails approximately. R20 per adult, R10 per child.
Where to stay
There's a spacious two-person thatch cottage on site. Prior booking essential.
What to eat
High tea here is essential!
Best buys
Organic produce and products from the farm. There's a farm market on the second and last Friday of each month, 4pm to 10pm.


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Digest — May 2003
By Capt. Patrick Sciacca
Feeding Frenzy
|A recent study claims the Northwest Atlantic shark population is in rapid decline.
In 1980 I was ten years old and my family went on vacation to Orlando, Florida, to visit Sea World. While we were there, a new exhibit called the Shark Encounter opened. The attraction consisted of a 60-foot, acrylic-windowed tank through which ran a moving sidewalk, with sharks swimming all around. I loved it. I repeatedly put my finger to the spankin' new and nearly streak-free acrylic hoping a shark would approach my hand. The interactivity was great, but the glass between us made the sharks too removed for me. I'd always been fascinated by these predators and wanted to know more about them (especially when they're on the other end of a rod and reel). Within a couple of months of my visit to Sea World, I got the chance to fish for sharks. I was hooked from the get-go, and I still fish for them several weeks each year.
I've always tried to be a responsible angler; while on occasion I've killed sharks for food, I have always stayed within the regulations. And over the last several years, I've adopted the practice of tag-and-release shark fishing on almost all trips. The tags are registered with the Apex Predators Program (http://na.nefsc.noaa.gov/sharks) out of Narragansett, Rhode Island. When I catch a shark, I insert a numbered tag in it via a tag stick; record its length, approximate weight, and sex; and send the data to the Apex researchers. If a tagged shark is caught, the tag can be removed, and info about the shark's movements and its rate of growth can be calculated and used to help better manage the stocks.
Three summers ago I tagged a blue shark off Long Island, and last summer he was caught off the Flemish Cap, nearly 800 miles from where I'd tagged him. When my fish was recaptured, I was sent data about how much he had grown and how far he had traveled from the date I released him. I also learned that my fish had fallen victim to a longliner, and according to a new study, he was just one of many sharks that have recently died on longline hooks.
The study by Halifax, Nova Scotia's, Dalhousie University suggests that both coastal and oceanic sharks of the Northwest Atlantic from the Gulf of Mexico to Canada are in rapid decline as a result of both targeted and bycatch fishing. After two years of researching 15 years' (1986 to 2001) worth of logbook data from the U.S. longlining fleet, which entailed accounting for more than 100 million hooks and 200,000 sets, the Dalhousie team concluded that scalloped hammerheads, great whites, and thresher sharks are in the greatest danger, with a 75-percent declination rate over the examined period. In addition, the mako, an ever-popular angler target, was down by 50 percent.
One of the most eye-opening conclusions came from Julia Baum, a marine ecologist who worked full time on the Dalhousie study. " If we do something [to protect the sharks], it will take decades [for it to make a difference]," she says. "Secondly, there is no guarantee of recovery," she explains, noting how a ten-year moratorium on heavily pressured cod stocks in Canada has produced less-than-impressive results. She adds that although U.S. longliners were the focus of the study, recreational anglers (fishermen like me) do factor into the decline of coastal sharks. To put it simply, we're losing the top of the oceanic food chain.
Next page > Feeding Frenzy, Part 2 > Page 1, 2
This article originally appeared in the April 2003 issue of Power & Motoryacht magazine.


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If you are using FormServer 7.1 you may want to disable client-side caching. This will prevent previously entered values from appearing on a new form when you open it in a fresh browser instance.
The problem is that Acrobat/Reader is caching the form (along with its data). It does this based on the URL address (same URL = same form/data). Unfortunately, since this is a client setting there is no easy way to disable it.
Here are some suggestions to achieve this:
1) on the form (i.e. will be on a form by form basis):
add this code into the form:ready event –
var oDoc = event.target; oDoc.nocache = true;
2) make the URL unique:
An easy way of doing this is to return a date/time stamp as an unused parameter in the URL. This can be easily added by either the JSP or the servlet. For example:
3) Also consider setting the cache control headers in your response:
// Set content to expire far in the past. response.setHeader("Expires", "Thu, 1 Jan 1970 12:00:00 GMT"); // Set standard HTTP/1.1 no-cache headers. response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate"); // Set special IE extended HTTP/1.1 no-cache headers (use addHeader). response.addHeader("Cache-Control", "post-check=0, pre-check=0"); // Set standard HTTP/1.0 no-cache header. response.setHeader("Pragma", "no-cache");
reference: (1-28022235)


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"); } // -->
The latest edition of Question Time will start after a few moments in the video window.
You may see other images at first - that is to ensure the start of the programme is not missed by the automated playout system.
The programme is broadcast on BBC One on Thursdays at 2235 GMT and can be viewed from the Question Time website at any time.


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Nearly 50 people were injured on Friday when two commuter trains collided during evening rush hour near the Connecticut town of Fairfield, shutting down Amtrak service between New York and Boston indefinitely, police and transit officials said.
Authorities said there were no reports of fatalities in the accident that occurred shortly after 6 p.m. EDT (2200 GMT).
Anita Shrum, a spokeswoman for Bridgeport Hospital, said one person was seriously injured but the other 21 people it had received could be described as "walking wounded" with a variety of injuries. "They are doing OK, they are very stable," Shrum said.
Dianne Auger, a spokeswoman for St. Vincent's Medical Center in Bridgeport, said one of the 27 people taken there was in serious condition with head and neck injuries. Commuter trains on this busy commuter line to New York typically carry up to 300 passengers.
The number of injured could rise because hospital officials were told to prepare to receive up to 180 patients total.
The accident occurred when an eastbound train on the Metro-North commuter rial line derailed and collided with a train headed in the opposite direction near the suburban town of Fairfield, said spokesman Aaron Donovan of the Metropolitan Transit Authority, which runs the railroad.
Amtrak officials said in a statement that it suspended service indefinitely on the heavily traveled Northeast Corridor between Boston and New York.
The cause of the derailment was not immediately known. Fairfield is about 50 miles north of New York City.


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Thermasilk Shine & Shape Gel, Smoothing- Palacinka honest opinions on hair care products for women of color! (TM)
This is probably one of the best gels I have ever used. It smells great (I love the smell of Thermasilk), has great ingredients (no alcohols OR silicones -- yay!), doesn't leave that sticky/crunchy gel feeling to my hair, and it protects the hair from heat styling. I just love this! It leaves my hair very soft and frizz-free! I used it in wet hair before blow drying and flat ironing (when I wanted a straighter look) or air dried (a curlier look). With both methods my hair looked great, was really shiny and I never had to worry about frizz. The price is also right - this a must have hair product forme now!


text: NEW YORK ( TheStreet) -- This Johnny Manziel thing is getting beyond ridiculous. Seriously, I've had it up to here with it. I'll admit, I used to think that college athletes shouldn't whine and complain all that much. They have it made: College football limelight, national superstars, free tuition and living. But sometimes, it's not all what it's cracked up to be.After I read this piece about Johnny Manziel and his family, my thoughts changed considerably. I highly suggest reading it if you have not yet. As my father said after reading it, "the media is going to kill this kid and his family." I know, I know. He wanted the fame. He wanted all the Twitter followers and attention. Until it got to the way it is today. Now there are claims that Manziel signed memorabilia for a broker and in exchange, received a couple thousand dollars. Is this a rumor turned NCAA investigation, or is it legitimate? We don't know yet, but we know it won't go away anytime soon. Before I argue the fact that he should be able to do this, why on Earth would he? If you read the article above, Johnny's father, Paul Manziel, comes right out and says his family is very well off due to the family oil trust. Johnny drives a new Mercedes-Benz because his father was worried that he may obtain it in an illegal manner if the family didn't buy him one. He sits court side at NBA games and hangs out with celebrities. It makes no sense that he would risk his entire collegiate, and therefore, professional career for a lousy couple of grand, especially when he has legal access to it from his family. Everyone makes money on these athletes, except for them of course. Before getting blasted, I do understand both sides, sort of. I get that tuition, room and board, tutoring and all that jazz is expensive. But it's not like the schools are losing money because of it. Why? Because they make millions -- in some cases, in excess of $100 million per year from football alone, such as the University of Texas -- which will pay for athletes' tuition and tutoring for the next 1,000 years. In fact, the top 15 schools combined for a total of $1 billion in revenue in 2010 and the NCAA's pull exceeded $870 million dollars for the 2011-2012 season.


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This realm type allows you to configure Web applications to authenticate users against it. To get to that point, you will need to first configure Geronimo to use a custom SSL port listener and to get to that point you will need to configure SSL keys and keystore. The following sections describe step-by-step how to configure each of these modules.
- #Create keystore and certificate
- #Create a Certificate Signing Request (CSR) and import CA reply
- #Import trusted certificates
- #Add an HTTPS listener with client authentication
Create keystore and certificate
For this configuration we will create a new keystore, a new private key, a CSR and will import the CA reply
We already mentioned in the Administering Certificates section how to create a keystore and a private key, in this section we will complete the picture by generating a CSR and importing the CA's reply.
The keystores in Geronimo are stored in the <geronimo_home>\var\security\keystores directory, the default keystore already provided with the installation is geronimo-default. For this exercise we will create a new keystore.
From the Geronimo Administration Console click on Keystores to access the Keystore Configuration portlet.
Click on New Keystore, specify a new keystore name and password and then click on Create Keystore. For this example we used
My_Keystore and
password respectively.
Click on the keystore file you just created, and create a private key by clicking on the appropriate link.
Fill in with the appropriate data and click on Review Key Data.
Once you verified the values are correct click on Generate Key.
Right after you created a new private key, this key is automatically locked. That means that you can only view it or delete it, to create a Certificate Signing Request (CSR) you will have to unlock the key. To do that click on Return to keystore list.
Click on theto unlock the private key. You will be prompted with the password for the keystore and for the private key.
Click on Unlock Keystore.
Create a Certificate Signing Request (CSR) and import CA reply
Now that you have the private key unlocked you may now continue to create a CSR. From the Keystore Configuration portlet click on the keystore file you created to display the current content. In this example we only have one private key. Click on either view or the alias links for the current private key to display the details and additional actions.
Click on Generate CSR, the certificate request should be displayed as illustrated in the following figure.
This is a PKCS10 certification request, you should copy this text and paste it into a flat txt file so it can be sent to a CA.
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE REQUEST----- MIIBqDCCARECAQAwajESMBAGA1UEAxMJbG9jYWxob3N0MREwDwYDVQQLEwhHZXJvbmltbz EPMA0GA1UEChMGQXBhY2hlMRAwDgYDVQQHDAdNeV9DaXR5MREwDwYDVQQIDAhNeV9TdGF0 ZTELMAkGA1UEBhMCQ0MwgZ8wDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADgY0AMIGJAoGBAMfqprJ/aMbVzm EjDimnMQuVN/CaO7Yb89KP6ed3VQf+/Ea2i+p0dRskM8oNg+3kZeKuOplwq5KGEUnp+xbf q7M6tLGrWqQ8qL3EZUFE2nizH5VzV093vKu5jgnR2RfbTc2AplcldCPofUVuMUbDLPsmE1 YQQr+OcHtcNspZL5tdAgMBAAEwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEEBQADgYEAZFuPz0gzKqMZNA0bYLm0 aPFLbR9a19NA0EbgJL2SYzoKnuKyplG2JzMVQ6myaez0J8t+iWtuthz70kBihRzU2vqOWp B4oqh+zbPwn4f87l4l8PjJh3SkiDIYdMcL5U1rxwFNAaIEpfjft/uJLY/Bv7DZQG7UPsGz +SPdn+DbdBo= -----END CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----
You can now click Back to return to the private key details portlet.
For this example we used a custom, home made CA so we could sign our own certificates for this test without altering the standard procedure. Assuming that you sent you CSR to a CA, the CA should respond back with another similar file containing the CA signed certificate.
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- MIICQjCCAa2gAwIBAgIBAjALBgkqhkiG9w0BAQQwaDEWMBQGA1UEAxMNR2Vyb25pbW8ncyBDQTER MA8GA1UECxMIR2Vyb25pbW8xDzANBgNVBAoTBkFwYWNoZTENMAsGA1UEBxMEQ2l0eTEOMAwGA1UE CBMFU3RhdGUxCzAJBgNVBAYTAlVTMB4XDTA4MDIyMDA2MDAwMFoXDTA5MDIyMTA2MDAwMFowajES MBAGA1UEAxMJbG9jYWxob3N0MREwDwYDVQQLEwhHZXJvbmltbzEPMA0GA1UEChMGQXBhY2hlMRAw DgYDVQQHDAdNeV9DaXR5MREwDwYDVQQIDAhNeV9TdGF0ZTELMAkGA1UEBhMCQ0MwgZ8wDQYJKoZI hvcNAQEBBQADgY0AMIGJAoGBAMfqprJ/aMbVzmEjDimnMQuVN/CaO7Yb89KP6ed3VQf+/Ea2i+p0 dRskM8oNg+3kZeKuOplwq5KGEUnp+xbfq7M6tLGrWqQ8qL3EZUFE2nizH5VzV093vKu5jgnR2Rfb Tc2AplcldCPofUVuMUbDLPsmE1YQQr+OcHtcNspZL5tdAgMBAAEwCwYJKoZIhvcNAQEEA4GBAB9s 1QuMD+dNe6H6XcizZSxNPOh1EocjGp05Z4VOpgFnB4gVRqJqyxiuNqCBPvEo30IuHNJZOm6jFhGs YWKGlzL1zw0yXWAVRnI7Cs8C7Ibeoo+I4yBA93w3XyGiBlSb03yHOiCN06bf7BhCN6Z45NMhBGbP pCpnP+uM9VI2gn9H -----END CERTIFICATE-----
From the private key details portlet click on Import CA reply. Remove any pre-filled text in the certificate reply window and paste the text from the CA reply file and click on Save.
After saving the CA reply you should now notice that the certificate now shows a different Issuer. Click on Back to keystore and then on Return to keystore list.
Import trusted certificates
In order to enable client authentication you will need to import the CA who signed your CSR as a trusted certificate, this process has to be only once. The CA should provide along with the signed CSR a separate certificate for the CA itself. For this example we are using our own CA so we generated the following CA certificate.
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- MIICJTCCAZCgAwIBAgICK2cwCwYJKoZIhvcNAQEEMFoxDTALBgNVBAMTBFRlc3QxDzANBgNVBAsT BkFwYWNoZTERMA8GA1UEChMIR2Vyb25pbW8xCzAJBgNVBAcTAkxMMQswCQYDVQQIEwJTVDELMAkG A1UEBhMCTEswHhcNMDcwMjAyMTgwMDAwWhcNMDgwMjAyMTgwMDAwWjBaMQ0wCwYDVQQDEwRUZXN0 MQ8wDQYDVQQLEwZBcGFjaGUxETAPBgNVBAoTCEdlcm9uaW1vMQswCQYDVQQHEwJMTDELMAkGA1UE CBMCU1QxCzAJBgNVBAYTAkxLMIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQCUZl1e1eTKLoh0 15vfYqqvhk6Iviva7BWQxZ6mOV9Ye2mii37Btmxajnngz0jKfiwHKqWRQBp6CUzbd9gfZrz2go9g TwsUBWQwSf6iVypKX1q0Y4WhtTwLcEx78Lx5XN1YCqk34pn4by26SJiHdugs7/ClOiIlcpCt9QVa Q9BH7wIDAQABMAsGCSqGSIb3DQEBBAOBgQAnmoT/dLvJa7jGstvZJLrsWtMwWQNVJ1ZQmbrDGq9u oFnkAH1mGHIDbaz2avy/wotHJUIysGBlDP0btk5GVskl45EG/feWHLgCVmqwf3NkdRdLl+CznBBJ KCC5tINbcI6GqXsbO8hhjIrOGweNyV1653WEvZiQVuMYaHTnGNx+RA== -----END CERTIFICATE-----
While in the Keystore Configuration portlet click on the keystore file you created and then click on Add Trust Certificate. Delete any pre-filled content from Trusted Certificate window and paste the content from the CA certificate and add an alias to this certificate.
Click on Review Certificate and then click on Import Certificate. You should now see the trusted certificate you just imported.
Add an HTTPS listener with client authentication
Apache Geronimo comes with a predefined HTTPS listener on port 8443 but this listener is not configured for client authentication. In this example we will add a new HTTPS listener and configure it to request client authentication using the certificates we created and imported in the previous steps.
Note that in this example we are using the Tomcat distribution of Geronimo, although the process is the same some names and links may vary slightly if you are using the Jetty distribution.
From the Geronimo Administration Console click on Web Server to access the Network Listener portlet.
From the Network Listener portlet click on Add new HTTPS listener for Tomcat
Fill in the fields with the appropriate data and click Save. For this example we only specified the keystore and not a trustore. When specifying the keystore file path you should add something similar to var/security/keystores/<your_keystore>, this path is relative to Geronimo's installation home directory.
Select the ClientAuth check box, this tells the HTTPS listener to only establish an encrypted connection with a client that provides a valid client certificate. The client certificates are verified against the CA certificates stored in any of these locations (in order):
- The trust store configured above
- A keystore file specified by the javax.net.ssl.trustStore system property
- java-home/lib/security/jssecacerts
- java-home/lib/security/cacerts
Once you saved this HTTPS network listener configuration it will get started automatically as you can see in the status displayed. If you try to access this port with your browser it should fail because at this point you have not configured your client with a valid certificate.


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Armchair Midfielder: Women's World Cup Draw
A monthly column about the State of U.S. Soccer that takes a hard look at everything from the performance of the U.S. National Teams to pro soccer in the good 'ole U-S-of-A. If you're looking for a viewpoint that you won't see in a generic, nuts-and-bolts U.S. Soccer press release, you've come to the right place.
At long last, the hand has been dealt. The cards have been laid. The road lies ahead. There's no going back now. And the cliches have just begun…
The Armchair Midfielder sits down with the results of the recent Final Draw and makes early picks as to which eight teams will advance to the all-important second round of the FIFA Women's World Cup USA 2003. [Editor's Note: This is the official name of the tournament. Anyone referring to it as the 2003 Women's World Cup, 2003 WWC or any other variation will be subject to a firing squad by Shannon MacMillan at the next U.S. WNT training session.]
Group A – USA (A1), Sweden (A2), Nigeria (A3), North Korea (A4):
Wow. "Golden Girls" (Mia and Brandi, not Rue McLanahan and Estelle Getty), you've got your work cut out for you. While the group and order of teams that the U.S. must face looks eerily similar to that of Group A in '99, save Sweden taking the place of Denmark, there's one big difference: they're a lot better than four years ago!!! Then again, so are we. Let's look back, shall we? After shaking out the nerves in a 3-0 win over the Danes (who didn't present half the challenge that Sweden will), don't forget that the U.S. stumbled against Nigeria in the early going, giving up a goal in the opening minutes before roaring back for a 7-1 win. Then came North Korea and a score of 0-0 at halftime, which would have been scary if Tony DiCicco and the gang hadn't already secured six points and were resting three starters. But of course, a goal from Mac and a Tisha Venturini running front flip later and – phew! – the U.S. won the group easily with an unblemished 3-0 record. But now four years later, the gaps in the women's game has closed to the point where you can hardly swipe a First USA U.S. Soccer MasterCard through it (points from the sponsors!!! Woohoo!!!). The U.S. could have a difficult time pulling out these same opening round results against the #5 and #7-ranked teams in the world, even with another set of full stadiums behind them. The defending champs will need veterans like Julie Foudy, Kristine Lilly, Joy Fawcett and Briana Scurry to be 100% healthy throughout the tournament, as well as have younger players like Aly Wagner and Cat Reddick to have a strong showing to claim the top spot in this aptly-title "Group of Death."
Predicted Order of Finish: USA, SWEDEN, North Korea, Nigeria.
Group B – Norway (B1), France (B2), Brazil (B3), South Korea (B4):
Almost as difficult as Group A, Group B must have #2-ranked Norway a little concerned, seeing how they have to face an almost identical challenge as the USA in tackling two Top 10 teams in its first three games. As third-place finishers at USA '99 and Sydney 2000, Brazil will be as dangerous as ever, while European upstart France and high-scoring forward Marinette Pichon cannot be overlooked, despite the fact that the Norwegians handled them with relative ease with two wins in European Qualifying. South Korea is no slouch either, having tied North Korea and beaten Japan to finish third in Asian Qualifying. Although losing Pretinha to a recent ACL tear was a big blow to Brazil, the likes of WUSA standouts Katia and Daniela and quick-as-lightning forward Maicon should lead the Samba Queens to the top of the group. Of course, Norway has history on its side, as well as the return from retirement of two of their greatest players – goalkeeper Bente Nordby and forward Marianne Petterson, but their long ball style of play has produced diminishing returns since they grabbed the gold in Sydney in 2000. In the end, it will come down to the match between Brazil and Norway for the group title, with the CONMEBOL champs slipping by 2-1 in a bruising battle at RFK. Playing in their first WWC will be a great thrill for France, but it's probably too much of a stretch to think that one player (Pichon) can carry them through to the elite eight.
Predicted Order of Finish: BRAZIL, NORWAY, France, South Korea.
Group C – Germany (C1), Canada (C2), Japan (C3), Argentina (C4):
You heard it here first: Canada will make it to the 2003 Women's World Cup semifinal, where they'll be tough to beat with the Pacific Northwest providing a "home-field-advantage-away-from-home" for the CONCACAF runner-up. Although they have had little success in the WWC, which is to blame for their misleading No. 12 ranking, they've come a long way under former Norway mastermind Even Pellerud. Recent results, which include a pair of 2-1 wins over Brazil up in the Great White North and a close overtime loss to the USA in the 2002 CONCACAF Women's Gold Cup Final last November, suggest that they're almost up there alongside the traditional women's soccer world powers. All eyes will be on powerful forwards Christine Latham, Charmaine Hooper and Christine Sinclair, while stellar 'keeper Karina LeBlanc roams the penalty box to shut down the opposition. While #3-ranked Germany gets the top seed in this group, they'll be without retired midfielder Maren Meinert, a dazzling playmaker and the MVP of last month's appropriately-themed "USA vs. the World" All-Star Game. That said, they still have Birgit Prinz and Conny Pohlers making things happen up front, Bettina Weigmann running the midfield, and defender Sandra Minnert shoring things up in the back, meaning they will have little trouble advancing. Exciting midfielder Homare Sawa and Japan, ranked #14 in the world, will happily concede the group's "Just Happy to be Here" prize to 35th ranked Argentina.
Predicted Order of Finish: CANADA, GERMANY, Japan, Argentina.
Group D – China (D1), Ghana (D2), Russia (D3), Australia (D4):
You had to feel bad for the Chinese. First they had to bare the brunt of the mysterious S.A.R.S. epidemic, then as most feared, they lost the chance to take a well-deserved turn as host of the tournament. With that switch to the U.S. went perhaps China's best chance to date of finally joining the USA and Norway as Women's World Cup champions, something they've been so close to time and again. But having said that, after seeing the wonderfully easy draw they got, the general disappointment for their predicament has waned significantly. Let's be real--none of the three other teams in Group D, which should be hereby know as the "Group of Dearth" (credit the San Diego Union-Tribune's Mark Ziegler with coining the phrase. Definition: a scare supply; lacking), has a real chance of advancing ahead of the #4-ranked team in the world, who feature a still-dominant Sun Wen playing in her final World Cup alongside talents like forward Bai Jie and a handful of key players that put country ahead of club and skipped the current WUSA season. Given the group that they are in and the slightly easier road they have to the semi's, it's almost enough to still consider China the 2003 WWC favorite that they were before the change of venue. With their physicality and attacking mentality that they present, Russia is the only team that could be a problem, but look for China to post another 2-0 win as they did in '99. The chance of either Australia or Ghana giving them a real test are slim, meaning that third place in the group will inevitably be a battle between the Black Queens and the waltzing Matildas. [Editor's Note: It's an entirely different group from those that posed in the revealing, look-at-us calendar from four years ago. If you still own that calendar, shame on you.]
Predicted Order of Finish: CHINA, RUSSIA, Australia, Ghana.
Table of Contents
1) Armchair Midfielder (Dissecting the 2003 WWC Final Draw)
2) In Threes (w/ WNT forward Abby Wambach)
3) Mark That Calendar (MNT vs. Costa Rica – July 26, 8 p.m. ET – Galavison)
4) Queries & Anecdotes (w/ MNT goalkeeper Kasey Keller)
5) FAN Point/Counterpoint (Who will win the 2003 CONCACAF Gold Cup?)
6) "You Don't Know Jack (Marshall)" (U.S. Gold Cup Trivia)
Download this issue of Center Circle (.pdf).
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COLUMBUS, Ohio (AP) -- A new poll shows President Barack Obama with a slight lead among Ohio voters over both of the front-runners for the Republican presidential nomination.
The Quinnipiac (KWIHN'-uh-pee-ak) University poll released Wednesday finds Obama ahead of former Massachusetts Gov. Mitt Romney by 47-41 percent.
It also shows Obama holding a 47-40 lead over former Pennsylvania Sen. Rick Santorum.
The poll taken last week finds Ohio voters are most concerned about the economy, unemployment, Obama's new health care law and the federal deficit.
The survey of 1,246 Ohio voters has a margin of error of 2.8 percentage points.


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Cards top Strasburg to complete sweep in DC
Garcia, 'pen finish off strong three-game run for St. Louis pitching
WASHINGTON -- There were plenty of spring prognostications that identified the Cardinals' rotation as a potential weak point. Questions about Jaime Garcia's health, Shelby Miller's readiness and Lance Lynn's ability to repeat last year's success made storylines.
Twenty-one games into the 2013 season, it's fair to put, at minimum, a pause on all such concerns.
Carried again by strong starting pitching, the Cardinals capped a six-win road trip with a three-game sweep of Washington. Wednesday's 4-2 victory in front of 33,694 fans at Nationals Park featured Garcia outdueling prized right-hander Stephen Strasburg before handing the lead over to a suddenly stabilized bullpen.
It sent the Cards back to St. Louis with a 6-3 road trip and a 13-8 record, despite having played only six home games.
"It's an impressive trip for us really," manager Mike Matheny said. "I love the life we had today. We walked into that dugout and they were chirping. I'm not sure if the coffee was strong, I'm not sure exactly what was going on. But they were so into the game today. And after a team just finishing a long road trip after a long road month, to come out with that kind of life -- it was like a bunch of kids loving the game."
With the win, the Cardinals completed their first three-game sweep at Nationals Park and their first against the Nationals/Expos franchise since 1969.
"That tells you how good we are," catcher Yadier Molina said. "We can beat anybody. I don't care what the media says about us. We have a good team. We proved it."
The Cardinals proved, too, that their bullpen, with its current makeup, can settle. It did so this series, with Edward Mujica saving all three games for a club that arrived in Washington with only three saves in its first 18 games. His save on Wednesday followed relief appearances from Joe Kelly and Trevor Rosenthal.
Matheny's ability to set up the bullpen as desired was a credit to Garcia, who followed dominant performances by Miller and Adam Wainwright with a rebound effort of his own. After lasting only three innings in his last start, Garcia came one out away from finishing six.
"Obviously, they've done a great job," Garcia said of his rotation mates. "But when it comes your day to pitch, you have to focus on what you can control and going out there and giving your team a chance to win. Overall, we've been doing a pretty good job."
The Cardinals raced out to a 3-0 lead in the first, while Garcia allowed only two baserunners through the first five frames. The Nationals stirred for the first time in the sixth when Strasburg and Denard Span led off with consecutive singles. A pair of groundouts pushed across one run, and Garcia's walk to Tyler Moore loaded the bases.
Enter Kelly, who halted the threat by striking out Ian Desmond. When the Nationals put the tying runs on base again in the seventh, Kelly answered by striking out pinch-hitter Steve Lombardozzi. That started a double play finished by Molina's perfect throw to stop Jhonatan Solano from swiping second.
"I like coming in and trying to save people runs," Kelly said. "I'm a really competitive person. Every time I go out there, I give it my 110 percent, but you get more of a rush … in a big situation."
After making just four appearances in the team's first 18 games, Kelly pitched twice during this three-game set. In both instances, he was the bridge Matheny sought to get to Rosenthal and Mujica. With Mitchell Boggs still working to find his way, Kelly might have just found his new role.
"We have a pretty good weapon that's been sitting down there," Matheny said of Kelly. "I said before hats off to him for staying sharp. But hats off to him, too, for the mental side of being prepared when the opportunity came."
Kelly's work helped to preserve Garcia's second win and the Major League best 13th for a Cardinals rotation that has a collective 2.35 ERA. That is at least a half-a-run lower than every other rotation in baseball.
The starters have allowed 35 runs in 21 games -- including only three runs in 20 2/3 innings this series. Washington finished with more strikeouts (20) than hits (13) against Miller, Wainwright and Garcia.
Overall, the Cardinals' five-man rotation has limited opponents to a .253 batting average with runners in scoring position. The Nats were 0-for-7 in such spots on Wednesday
"I'm not surprised at all," Matheny said. "You look at the guys we have, I don't know how you could give us that much doubt."
Stellar starting pitching helped the Cardinals pull off a sweep of a series in which they didn't overwhelm with run support. The Cardinals scored nine times, but maximized their opportunities by continuing to have success with runners in scoring position.
Hitting with the bases full in the first, Molina drove home two runs. A third scored off Strasburg when a high throw from Nationals third baseman Anthony Rendon sapped the home team's chances at an inning-ending double play.
Strasburg settled from there, allowing only two other hits over the next six innings.
"The thing that the Cardinals did is they've got their boppers in the middle, but you look at guys like [Daniel] Descalso, [Shane] Robinson and [Pete] Kozma, they grind you out," Strasburg said. "They're not going to give in. They're not going to just strike out."
The two clubs traded runs in the eighth, with Matt Holliday's infield RBI single briefly giving St. Louis a three-run cushion. Rosenthal served up a homer to Jayson Werth in the bottom half of the frame. He answered with back-to-back strikeouts to end the inning.
Mujica pitched a 1-2-3 ninth and ended up retiring all eight batters he faced in the series.
"They've had a few games here where they've been very good," Matheny said. "It was a nice series for the 'pen."
Jenifer Langosch is a reporter for MLB.com. Read her blog, By Gosh, It's Langosch, and follow her on Twitter @LangoschMLB. This story was not subject to the approval of Major League Baseball or its clubs.


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"Four legged fish" found, according to a report in BBC News Online, Nature vol. 453, p1199, and Uppsala University Press Release, 26 June 2008. Palaeontologists from Britain, Sweden and Latvia have found "the most primitive Devonian tetrapod represented by extensive remains" in sediments in the late Famennian Ketleri Formation of Kurzeme, western Latvia. The fossil has been named Ventastega curonica and consists of most of a skull and parts of the shoulder and pelvic girdles. Per Ahlberg, from Uppsala University, Sweden, one of the scientists who studied the fossil, described the creature: "From a distance, it would have looked like an alligator. But closer up, you would have noticed a real tail fin at the back end, a gill flap at the side of the head; also lines of pores snaking across head and body." He went on to say, "Ventastega fills the gap between Tiktaalik and the earliest land based animals. All these changes in these creatures are not going in lockstep; it's a mosaic with different parts of animal evolving at different rates. Ventastega has acquired some land-animal characteristics, but has not yet got some of the other ones." According to the BBC, "Scientists say the 365-million-year-old species eventually became an evolutionary dead end." The scientists suggest the fossil was well preserved because the region in Latvia has had a "very quiet geological history" since then. Ahlberg commented: "We still find sediments not yet properly turned to rock. These fossils were found in compact, wet sand. It's not sandstone, it's sand; you dig it with a breadknife."
Editorial Comment: Lots of interesting "evolution speak" shows up in reports on this find. The claim that the "wet sand" containing the fossil as being 365 million years reminds us that time does not make rocks. It takes the right chemicals to make sand into sandstone, not time. Furthermore, it takes great faith to believe that wet sand sat around for 365 million years undisturbed, unless it was deeply and rapidly buried, or is not really that old. A fact also admitted that "Scientists say the 365-million-year-old species eventually became an "evolutionary dead end," means that it is not a transition of any sort. It did not evolve into anything else. The BBC called this fossil a "four legged fish" and the authors of the paper in Nature did call it a "tetrapod" which means "four feet". However, the actual fossil found had no bones for legs or feet, and it certainly does not have any remains of the tail fin, gill flap and pores described by Ahlberg.
Although this creature is different from living and fossil aquatic creatures, that does not prove it was a fish in the process of changing into a land creature. "Transition" is an active process and cannot be proven unless the transformation from one form to another is observed. This is impossible in fossils of extinct creatures. Per Ahlberg's description of a "mosaic" of different parts is a more accurate assessment of the fossil. That, and the fact that the creature has died out, means it fits well into the Biblical history of the world. According to Genesis animals were created as separate kinds, each kind being a unique combination of characteristics. The fact that some characteristics are found in many different kinds does not mean one turned into the other. It simply means that these characteristics can work together in different ways to make a functioning creature. The fact that the creature is extinct does not prove it evolved into anything else either. The world has degenerated significantly since the original creation, due to Man's sin and God's judgement, and many creatures have died out due to loss of habitat, lack of food supply and being preyed upon. This loss of biodiversity is the opposite of evolution, not evidence for it. (Ref. vertebrates, reconstruction)
Evidence News 9 July 2008


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As global growth declines, the world managers at the IMF are looking around for someone to blame. The problem is protectionism and populism, they claim. Well they are partly right, but the problem lies also with the world managers themselves.
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As the resolution and speed of converters has increased, the demand for a more efficient digital-side interface has grown. Currently, analog to digital converters (ADCs) are migrating from parallel LVDS (low-voltage differential signaling) and CMOS digital interfaces to a serialized interface called JESD204, developed by JEDEC (http://www.jedec.org/, formerly known as the Joint Electron Device Engineering Council, see http://www.jedec.org/about-jedec/jedec-history for historical background).
The JESD204 interface brings this efficiency while offering several advantages over its predecessors in terms of speed, size, and cost. Designs employing JESD204 enjoy the benefits of a faster interface to keep pace with the faster sampling rates of converters. In addition, there is a reduction in pin count, which leads to smaller package sizes and a lower number of trace routes, both of which make board designs much easier and offer lower costs in packaging and board designs.
The standard is also easily scalable so it can be adapted to meet future needs, as has been exhibited by the two revisions which the standard has already undergone. The JESD204 standard has had two revisions since its introduction in 2006 and is now at revision B.
As the standard has been adopted by converter vendors and users, it has been refined and new features have been added that have increased efficiency and ease of implementation. The standard applies to both analog to digital converters as well as digital to analog converters (DACs); however, the focus in this article will be on its application to ADCs.
In April of 2006, the original version of JESD204 was released. The standard describes a multi-gigabit serial data link between converter(s) and a receiver, commonly a device such as an FPGA or ASIC. In this version, the serial data link was defined for a single serial lane between a converter or multiple converters and a receiver.
A graphical representation is provided in Figure 1. The lane shown is the physical interface between M number of converters and the receiver, where the interface consists of a differential pair of interconnects using current mode logic (CML). The link shown is the serialized data link that is established between the converter(s) and the receiver. The frame clock is routed to both the converter(s) and the receiver and provides the clock for the JESD204 link between the devices.
Figure 1: JESD204 Original Standard
The lane data rate is defined between 312.5 Megabits per second (Mbps) and 3.125 Gigabits per second (Gbps) with both source and load impedance defined as 100 ? ±20%. The differential voltage level is defined as being nominally 800 mV peak-to-peak with a common-mode voltage level range from 0.72 V to 1.23 V. The link utilizes 8b/10b encoding which incorporates an embedded clock, removing the need to route an additional clock line, and the associated complexity of aligning an additional clock signal with the transmitted data at high data rates.
This form of serial data transmission allows the trace-to-trace tolerance to be relaxed, relative to synchronous-sampling parallel LVDS and CMOS interface designs. In addition, the encoding is DC balanced, which guarantees a significant transition frequency for use with clock and data recovery (CDR) designs.
The encoding also allows for the use of data and control characters which specify link alignment, maintenance, and monitoring. The standard specifies training patterns with these control characters that allow the lane to be aligned between the converter(s) and the receiver across the link.
The quality of the link is monitored in the receiver, and the link is established and dropped by the receiver based on certain error thresholds defined by the JESD204 standard. The standard was revised when proponents saw that it needed to incorporate support for multiple, aligned serial lanes with multiple converters, to accommodate increasing speeds and resolutions of converters.
In April of 2008, the first revision of the standard was released, designated JESD204A. This revision of the standard added the ability to support multiple aligned serial lanes with multiple converters. The lane data rates which it supported remained unchanged from the original version of the standard, from 312.5 Mbps up to 3.125 Gbps, and the frame clock also remained.
Increasing the capabilities of the standard to support multiple, aligned serial lanes made it possible for converters with high sample rates and high resolutions to meet the maximum supported data rate of 3.125 Gbps. Figure 2 shows a graphical representation of the additional capabilities added in the JESD204A revision to support multiple lanes.
Figure 2: First Revision JESD204A
By adding these capabilities to the standard, converters with higher sample rates and/or higher resolutions could be supported. For example, a 14-bit ADC operating with a sample clock of 250 MHz would require an output data rate of 5.0 Gbps when transmitting over one link with one lane as described in JESD204.
However, with the revision to JESD204A, the standard now supported multiple aligned serial lanes and the converter samples could be mapped onto two aligned serial lanes. This would lower the data rate to 2.5 Gbps per lane, which is below the maximum supported data rate of 3.125 Gbps.
When dealing with an ADC, it is important to know the timing relationship between the sampled signal and its digital representation, in order to properly recreate the sampled signal in the analog domain once the signal has been received. Although both the original JESD204 standard and the revised JESD204A standard were higher performance than legacy interfaces, they were still lacking in one key element: deterministic latency in the serialized data on the link.
This timing relationship is affected by the latency of the ADC, which is defined as the number of clock cycles between the instant of the sampling edge of the input signal, until the time that its digital representation is present at the ADCs outputs. In the JESD204 and JESD204A standards, there were no defined capabilities that would deterministically set the latency of the ADC and its serialized digital outputs. In addition, converters were continuing to increase in both speed and resolution. These factors led to the introduction of the second revision of the standard, JESD204B.