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May 13, 1863 — Richmond, Virginia
Stoneman's Expedition to Richmond - Narrative of a Cavalry Soldier.
[Correspondence of the New York Evening Post ]
Hoboken, May 13th.
The following is a copy of a letter from Louis Broadmeadow, the son of Broadmeadow of our city. It is so graphic that I think you will deem it worthy a place in your paper.
Louis Broadmeadow is a private in Company M, of the Harris Light Cavalry, Colonel Kilpatrick, and has the promise from Colonel Mott of the Fourteenth Regiment New York Cavalry, of a second lieutenancy in his regiment.
Yours truly, George W. Morton.
Harris Light Cavalry,
Yorktown (Va.), May 9th.
Dear Father: I have been to Richmond. You may be astonished when I say this, and may suppose I have been there as a prisoner. Such, however, is not the case. After hearing the facts you will agree with me when I say that this regiment has accomplished the most successful raid since the rebellion.
You will also allow that it far exceeds, in disastrous consequences to the enemy, the raid of the rebel Stuart into Pennsylvania. Undoubtedly, you are aware that the cavalry corps of General Stoneman crossed the Rappahannock on the 29th. We were included in that corps. After crossing we marched with the main body two days. On the third day we left them and struck out alone.
After marching all day and night, we came upon a town called Louisa Court House. This we charged upon at daylight, and took without opposition. We are the first Yankee soldiers that ever appeared in that town. We stayed there one day, destroying rebel government stores, telegraphs and railroad bridges. There was not a Union man in the place. We were told that we should hear from Stuart, but he cautiously kept at a respectful distance. After leaving this place on Sunday evening, May 3rd, we marched all night in the direction of Richmond without meeting any rebels. On Monday morning, at nine o'clock, we were within three miles of Richmond, and inside of some of the fortifications - mere earthworks, without men or guns. Here we preceded to burn bridges on three different railroads leading in a north and westerly direction from the city.
We also destroyed the telegraph communicating with their Western army. Remember all this was done in broad daylight and within sight of their church spires. After burning about a dozen bridges and taking all the horses we could find we took our departure. Having no map in my possession, I do not know where these railroads lead to, but am satisfied one of them was the Fredericksburg road. If we had had our other two regiments (the brigade) we should have marched into the city, but our Colonel thought we had accomplished enough and did not like the risk of trying it alone.
You may be surprised that we met no rebel. So was I, and can account for it only upon the supposition that they had left Richmond and vicinity to reinforce their army at Fredericksburg and Vicksburg. They knew very well that we had no force near Richmond, and the idea of a single regiment appearing near their stronghold and Capital was not in their programme, which accounts for their leaving the place wholly unguarded. During the march we did not meet a half-dozen rebels together. We took every horse we could find on both sides of the road - nearly three hundred in all. We brought back very few of the horses we started with, having worn them out. The horse I rode is down near Richmond; I left him in exchange for a fresh one. We captured and paroled a few prisoners who were home on furlough About one hundred and fifty negroes followed us back, and as many more we left crying on the road because we could not mount them and bring them along. A great many of the negroes came to us mounted on their masters' horses.
We burned several buildings, containing rebel stores and clothing, captured and destroyed about forty army wagons, loaded with bacon and wheat. These wagons had been scouring the country and pressing these provisions. Bacon is worth $1.25 per pound. When we cooked our ham we had to salt it - thus proving the scarcity of salt in the Confederacy. We passed very readily for rebel cavalry. When asked what cavalry, we replied the First Virginia. This was before we got to Richmond. Passing the farm houses the women would come out and run down the lane towards the road, taking us for rebels. They would wave their hankerchiefs and smile their brightest. But when they found out who we were they laughed the other way, some of them fainting, and others hiding their faces in their aprons and screaming, thus showing their hatred of the Yankees. You will comprehend the magnitude of the undertaking and its consequences to the enemy. It is conceded to be the biggest thing of the war. The loss of the rebels in the destruction of bridges, locomotives and stores, may be counted by millions.
The country through which we passed was largely engaged in the raising of grain. Taking their horses from them leaves the farmers helpless.
This march has been very severe on the men and horses, frequently riding all day and night without stopping or eating. We had plenty to eat but no time to cook it. We have at last arrived at Yorktown, where we have been well received. This place is well fortified. Our officers give us great credit for our patience and endurance.
I am too much fatigued to write any further. I wish I could give you all the details, but it cannot be done on paper. Let me hear from you soon. We have had no mail since the 22nd.
Louis Broadmeadow,
Company M, Harris Light Cavalry
1862-1863 — Virgina
1862 Aug 11 Enlisted in Harris Light Cavalry / 2nd N.Y. Volunteers / Company M (Capt Armstrong) as private to assist in putting down the Rebellion of the slaveholders
1862 Aug 12 Passed medical examination
1862 Aug 20 Received uniform
1862 Aug 25 Started with other recruits to join Regiment (Regt) in Virginia
1862 Aug 26 Arrived at Washington D.C. Took cars at Alexandria for Warrenton junction
1862 Aug 27 Slept on the ground last night. Start on foot for Warrenton 10 miles. We are mounted on some unserviceable horses which are meet in charge of Regimental Quartermaster. The whole army on the move.
1862 Aug 28 Saw a battlefield yesterday. Dead and wounded without number. Surgeons are amputating limbs of the wounded and throwing the limbs in heaps.
1862 Aug 31 Sunday. Joined Regiment at last on the field of Bull Run. We are arrived and placed in the Ranks. The fighting begins anew and Regt is sent to the front. First time under fire.
1862 Sep 1 Our cavalry in rear of Gen Pope's retreating army.
1862 Sep 2 In the saddle and rain all night.
1862 Sep 3 Still in the saddle. I am overcome by fatigue and often sleep while we are moving towards Washington.
1862 Sep 10 Encamped about 4 miles from Washington. First lessons in drill and sabre exercise.
1862 Sep 13 I am detailed to go with others to Washington for new horses.
1862 Sep 15 Regt went on a short scout.
1862 Sep 16 Scouting near Leesburg and Drainsville.
1862 Sep 17 Captured some sick Rebels and paroled them. Arrived at Leesburg. Shelled the place with two small pieces we had along. Marched in and took temporary possession. Lots of sick Rebs here.
1862 Sep 18 Regt returned to camp.
1862 Sep 25 A recruit drummed out for stealing.
1862 Sep 26 12 men of my Company including myself start on a scout at 12 p.m. Arrived at Leesburg 8 a.m. Remained 1/2 hour and started back for Washington. Forded the Potomac 33 miles above Wash. Arrived in Wash. at 10 p.m. having ridden 80 miles in 22 hours.
1862 Sep 27 In camp in shelter tents and ponchos. Drilling every day.
1862 Oct 15 Received a box of "goodies" from home.
1862 Oct 16 First mounted drill
1862 Oct 17 Drew a Colts Revolver
1862 Oct 27 Broke camp. Cavalry Brig. on the move
1862 Oct 28 At Fairfax Court House
1862 Oct 29 Going towards Winchester
1862 Oct 31 In the neighborhood of Middleburg
1862 Nov 1 Returned to Fairfax C. H.
1862 Nov 3 Started again for Middleburg
1862 Nov 4 At Middleburg
1862 Nov 6 Arrived a Warrenton. A beautiful village
1862 Nov 7 Marching towards Rappahannock River. Snowed all day.
1862 Nov 8 At Rap. River. Can see enemy on other side
1862 Nov 9 Ordered to build winter quarters
1862 Nov 15 Made preparations to burn RR bridge
1862 Nov 17 Ordered to move. Burned our log huts. Pouring with rain and now we have no shelter
1862 Nov 18 Still raining. Burned bridge.
1862 Nov 19 On the march. Mud to horses knees.
1862 Nov 21 Arrived at Aquia Creek on Potomac River
1862 Nov 23 Encamped
1862 Dec 6 Regt on a reconnaissance. Ice 1 1/2 in thick
1862 Dec 9 Arrived back in camp
1862 Dec 10 Left Aquia Creek for Falmouth opp Fredricksburg
1862 Dec 11 The army under Gen Burnside crosses river on Potomac. Enemy shelling us from the heights of Fredricksburg.
1862 Dec 12 Heavy fighting. We are unable to dislodge the enemy and recross the river after severe loss
1862 Dec 15 Both armies engaged in burying the dead. Regt left for White Oak Church
1862 Dec 19 Armed with Sharp's Carbiner
1862 Dec 23 Regt marched to Belle Plain
1862 Dec 24 Regt on picket at Brick Church Rap. River
1862 Dec 25 Chaffing with Rebs on other side of river (chaffing - To make fun of in a good-natured way; tease.)
1862 Dec 26 Returned to Belle Plain
1863 Jan 20 Army under orders to move
1863 Jan 21 Regt paid
1863 Jan 22 Money plenty and sutlers thriving (A sutler or victualer is a civilian merchant who sells provisions to an army in the field, in camp or in quarters. )
1863 Jan 23 The army under Gen Hooker "stuck in the mud"
1863 Mar 21 Testimonials from Colonel Kilpatrick and other officers concerning my fitness for promotion. (There is no chance for me in this Regt as I am a new recruit)
1863 Mar 29 Letter from Col Mott to Col Kilpatrick offering me a Commission in 14th N.Y. Cav. if discharged from this Regt. Kilpatrick refused.
1863 Apr 6 Army received by President Lincoln
1863 Apr 8 Two deserters branded "D" and drummed out.
1863 Apr 13 The cavalry marched to Hartwood Church
1863 Apr 14 Arrived a Beverly Ford on Rap. River
1863 Apr 15 Rebels shelling us from other side of river
1863 Apr 17 Still at Beverly Ford. Mule train unable to keep us properly supplied with food.
1863 Apr 20 Marched towards Waterloo
1863 Apr 22 Moving towards Warrenton Junction
1863 Apr 23 Have to make "Corduroy" beds to sleep on
1863 Apr 25 Shifted camp out of the mud into some more mud
1863 Apr 28 My Co & 5 others left camp on a scout. Arrived in Brentsville. Stole and cooked my first chicken. Returned to camp.
1863 Apr 29 Regt forded Rap. River
1863 Apr 30 A large force of Cavalry moving towards Rapidan River
1863 May 1 Moving fast in a southerly direction
1863 May 2 Marched all last night. Charged into Louisa Court House at daybreak. Destroyed Rebel stores, Railroad etc. Tobacco plentiful
1863 May 3 Marched 28 miles towards Richmond. Meeting no large force of the enemy. 18 miles to Richmond.
1863 May 4 Marched to within 3 miles of Richmond. Burned some railroad bridges. Captured a supply train of 22 wagons
1863 May 5 Moving toward Yorktown. Crossed Pamunkey River on scow (flat-bottomed boat with a blunt bow, often used to haul bulk freight ) ferry, crossed Mattapony river on do.(?), arrived at Aylletts Station and burned Rebel shoe factory
1863 May 6 38 miles to Yorktown
1863 May 8 Arrived at Gloucester Point opposite Yorktown. Crossed over to Yorktown. This place is the scene of Cornwallis surrender to Washington and the French fleet
1863 May 9 Wrote Father a minute account of our raid
1863 May 10 Regt paid
1863 May 19 Regt left camp. Joined by some Infantry and Artillery. Marched all night
1863 May 20 Arrived at Matthews Court House. Saw no enemy.
1863 May 21 Marched to Mob Jack Bay. Gunboats here. Put the "effects" of the raid on board Govt Boats. Start back for Yorktown
1863 May 22 Arrived at Yorktown. Received by mail a copy of the New York Evening Post containing a verbatim copy of my letter to father
1863 May 31 Attended Sunday School
1863 June 10 Went clamming and crabbing in York Bay
1863 June 21 Doing picket duty
1863 June 25 Letter from father containing copy of Special Order War Dept discharging Louis Broadmeadow for promotion. My Descriptive List given.
1863 June 26 Took tug boat for Fortress Monroe and thence by passenger boat up Chesapeake Bay to Baltimore
1863 June 27 Took cars for New York. Arrived home 35 hours from Yorktown
1863 June 30 Visited U. S. Commissioner Geo W. Morton who introduced me to Hon Judge Betts and others
1863 - 1865 — New York, Louisiana
1863 July 3 Ordered to report to Rikers Island to be mustered into 14th NY Cav as 2nd Lieutenant
1863 July 11 Mustered in and assigned to Co L
1863 July 13 Officer of the Day (In the Civil War a General officer of the day was a General officer assigned the duties of responding to reports by the picket line.)
1863 July 15 Regt (dismounted) ordered to New York to assist in quelling draft riots. Went to Gov's Island and drew muskets
1863 July 16 Encamped in Gramercy Park. Fighting the rioters every day
1863 July 17 Drew horses and tents
1863 July 18 Drew saddles and bridles
1863 July 19 Sent with squad to guard the residence of General John A. Dix no 312 21st St
1863 July 20 Took breakfast with Gen Dix at his invitation
1863 July 21 Regt scouting through the city
1863 July 25 Moved camp to Hamilton Park 3rd Ave & 71st St
1863 July 26 Rioters put down and we are drilling and parading
1863 Aug 11 One year a soldier
1863 Sep 25 Regt embarked on steamer Empire City for New Orleans
1863 Oct 5 Arrived at New Orleans after a rough passage and having lost a number of our horses owing to the hold having been badly ventilated
1863 Oct 6 Encamped at Carrollton a suburb of N.O.
1863 Oct 18 Regt took cars for Brashear City
1863 Oct 19 We are with a force marching up the Bayou Teche
1863 Oct 20 Arrived at New Iberia. I am in command of company. The other two officers are detached
1863 Oct 22 Arrived at Opelousas. The natives talk French only
1863 Nov 1 Falling back from Opelousas
1863 Nov 3 Rebels attacked us at Bayou Coteau. Lively scrimmage. My Company well engaged
1863 Nov 4 Encamped near battle grounds. Lost several men killed & wounded.
1863 Nov 5 Moved to Vermillion Bayou
1863 Nov 6 Colonel Mott arrived and took command
1863 Nov 8 I am detached as Aid to Supt of Outposts
1863 Nov 11 The Colonel has had me returned to Command of my Company as there is no Commissioned Officer with it.
1863 Nov 13 Regt on a scout to St. Martinsville
1863 Nov 14 Returned to Vermillion
1863 Nov 15 Rebels drove pickets in, Cavalry turned out and repulsed them.
1863 Nov 16 Army falling back to New Iberia
1863 Nov 17 My Company rear guard
1863 Nov 18 At New Iberia
1863 Nov 20 Regt out last night and captured 100 Rebels
1863 Nov 26 Brigade Officer of Day
1863 Nov 30 Brigade out on another reconnaissance
1864 Jan 6 Army moved 10 miles from Teche bayou
1864 Jan 9 Arrived at Franklin
1864 Jan 14 Arrived at Centreville
1864 Jan 17 Arrived at Brashear City
1864 Jan 18 Regt took cars for Algiers
1864 Jan 19 Crossed Mississippi river. Encamped at Carrollton
1864 Feb 18 Regt ordered to Franklin on Teche where is an Union force
1864 Feb 19 Regt at Brashear City
1864 Feb 20 Regt at Franklin
1864 Feb 22 I am detailed to Asst Provost Marshal of Franklin (Officer in the armed forces who is in charge of the Military Police)
1864 Feb 23 I am quartered with private family
1864 Feb 29 1st Lieut Conlin resigns and I return to command of Company
1864 Mar 11 Marching orders. Packing up
1864 Mar 12 I am promoted 1st Lieutenant vice Peter Conlin
1864 Mar 14 Army moving up the Teche Bayou
1864 Mar 15 Passed through St Martinsville
1864 Mar 16 Near Opelousas
1864 Mar 17 At Little Washington on Bayou Boeuf
1864 Mar 19 At Alexandria on Red River
1864 Mar 27 Marching through the "piney woods"
1864 Mar 28 At Cane River. Gen Banks in command of this force
1864 Mar 30 Bridged Cane River
1864 Mar 31 Arrived at Natchitoches "Frenchy town"
1864 Apr 1 Marching towards Pleasant Hill
1864 Apr 2 My company captured some retreating rebels
1864 Apr 3 I am in command of 3 companies
1864 Apr 7 Skirmishing every day with enemy's rear guard
1864 Apr 8 Met the enemy in force and well posted. We are in a trap and retreat with heavy loss
1864 Apr 9 We make a stand at Pleasant Hill, repulse the enemy and recapture some of our stores and artillery
1864 Apr 10 This morning I rode over a part of the battlefield. It was a shocking sight, but I am accustomed to such scenes now.
1864 Apr 12 Army encamped at Grand Ecore on Red River
1864 Apr 17 Member of a General Court Martial
1864 Apr 20 Army moving toward Alexandria, arrived at Natchitoches. Enemy drove our Brigade out of town
1864 Apr 21 Burning all buildings on our line of retreat, for it is a retreat apparently.
1864 Apr 23 Regt skirmishing every day
1864 Apr 25 At Alexandria. There are several gunboats here
1864 May 5 Our Brigade ordered to join Gen Smith, who is fighting on the Opelousas road. We get into a heavy fight. The enemy seems to have a good deal of Artillery
1864 May 6 Fighting all day. Only 2 line officers with Regt. The rest are at Alexandria Sick
1864 May 7 Still fighting. We have been under fire continuously for 3 days
1864 May 13 Whole army moving
1864 May 18 At Atchafalaya bayou
1864 May 19 Crossing bayou
1864 May 22 At Morganza on Miss. river
1864 May 26 Regt ordered to Donaldsonville
1864 May 30 Arrived at D.
1864 June 3 Arrived opposite New Orleans
1864 June 13 Crossed river
1864 June 14 At Greenville
1864 June 20 Moved to Kinneyville
1864 June 24 Brigade officer of Guard. Put 13 men in jail at Carrollton. Guard houses full. (An officer, acting under the officer of the day, is responsible for the instruction, discipline, and performance of duty of guard in a post, camp, or station.)
1864 June 27 Regt takes a transport for Baton Rouge. I remain at New Orleans on Regimental business.
1864 July 1 I take steamer for Baton Rouge
1864 July 2 Rejoined company
1864 July 4 Independence Day. I take steamer for New Orleans to settle unfinished Regt business
1864 July 6 Returned to Baton Rouge. Regt at Highland Stockade
1864 Sep 30 I am given leave of absence for 30 days
1864 Oct 31 Got mustered as 1st Lieutenant
1864 Nov 1 Took steamer for New Orleans Nov 1
1864 Nov 3 Drew 8 months pay at New Orleans
1864 Nov 5 Took steamer Thomas A Scott for New York
1864 Nov 6 Touched at Ship Island
1864 Nov 7 Touched at Fort Morgan
1864 Nov 11 Arrived at Key West. This is a sandy island with scanty vegetation. Saw coconut trees, limes and other tropical fruits
1864 Nov 14 In Gulf Stream. Boisterous head winds
1864 Nov 18 Off Cape Hatteras
1864 Nov 19 Arrived at New York
1864 Nov 30 Went to Philadelphia to see brother Simeon
1864 Dec 1 Returned to New York
1864 Dec 2 Went to Bridgeport to see uncle John
1864 Dec 5 Returned to New York
1864 Dec 13 Leave of absence extended 30 days
1864 Dec 17 Engaged passage for New Orleans on steamer Continental
1864 Dec 22 Sailed
1864 Dec 28 Arrived in Key West
1864 Dec 31 Left for N. Orleans
1865 Jan 3 Arrived S. W. pass. Arrived N.O.
1865 Jan 4 Reported at Army Headquarters
1865 Jan 7 Rejoined Regt at Pascagoula, Miss
1865 Jan 20 Regt moved to Williams Landing
1865 Jan 22 On Lake Ponchartrain
1865 Jan 30 Arrived Greenville, La
1865 Feb 1 Regt embarked for Baton Rouge
1865 Feb 2 Arrived B. Rouge
1865 Feb 16 Regt embarked for Morganza
1865 Feb 20 Arrived Morganza
1865 Feb 26 Regt on a scout last night
1865 Mar 3 I was sent on a scout last night in command of 50 picked men after guerrillas. I marched all night. Searched houses but found no guerillas
1865 Mar 8 Our camp is on low ground behind the levee. River rising rapidly
1865 Mar 12 5 of my men were captured last night while on picket. Regt went on a scout today. We were ambushed . 1 man killed, 2 officers wounded, 2 Rebels captured.
1865 Mar 20 27th Birthday
1865 Mar 27 River nearly over the top of levee, which is 20 feet higher than ground behind.
1865 Apr 3 Appointed Recorder of a Military Commission
1865 Apr 18 First tidings of the assassination of President Lincoln. Great excitement.
1865 Apr 20 Levee bound to give way if river continues to rise. Embarking horses & stores on barges
1865 Apr 26 Troops embarking
1865 Apr 28 2 feet of water in old camp ground
1865 Apr 30 Regt disembarked
1865 May 1 Recorder of Board of Survey (Officers appointed to fix responsibility for loss, damage or destruction of government property or for making an inventory of the government property found in the effects of a deceased officer.)
1865 May 3 I was out last night with 40 men to head off Jeff Davis who is now making for Miss river. Jeff must have heard of it for he did not appear
1865 May 5 Regt left for Bayou Sara (?). My company remains to do picketing
1865 May 12 Ordered to join Regt
1865 May 13 Joined Regt at New Orleans
1865 May 18 Detailed as Acting Regtl Adjutant (a staff officer, who assists the Commanding Officer of a Regiment, in the details of regimental duty)
1865 May 26 Rumors of Consolidation with 18th N. Y. Cavalry
1865 — Texas
1865 June 13 Orders for Consolidation received
1865 June 14 Regt embarked for Shreveport on Red River
1865 June 17 Going up Red River. River narrow and crooked. Alligators rampant
1865 June 20 Arrived at Shreveport and joined 18th N. Y. Cavalry
1865 June 21 I am assigned to Command of Co E
1865 July 3 Broke camp and marched to Greenwood 24 miles. Hot & dusty. Water scarce
1865 July 4 Arrived at Marshal, Texas
1865 July 5 I am to go ahead and buy beef for the command (5000 men). Find many rebels in their homes. They are glad the war is over.
1865 July 7 Marching towards San Antonio
1865 July 8 Horses giving out, and ordnance being abandoned. The Rebels having surrendered they are now at home. I am buying bovines(?) on the hoof for $10.00 per head on an average. Made 27 miles today. Passed through Salem. The rebel women are very abusive to us and reproach the rebel men for succumbing to the "infernal Yankees"
1865 July 9 Arrived at Nueces(?) river. 2 years an officer
1865 July 11 Arrived at Palestine
1865 July 12 Marched 20 miles. Crossed Trinity River on scow ferry
1865 July 13 Arrived Centreville
1865 July 15 I am returned to my Company, because I have reason to believe, I did not keep the Colonel & his staff supplied with fresh meat gratis
1865 July 16 Command at Owensville(?). It is dangerous to sleep on the ground here by reason of snakes and centipedes whose bite is fatal
1865 July 17 17 miles of prairie today
1865 July 18 Crossed Little Brazos River
1865 July 19 Find the natives ignorant & ugly. No pretty women to be seen
1865 July 20 Crossed Brazos River on scow ferry
1865 July 21 Men deserting in large numbers because of bad treatment
1865 July 26 Arrived at Austin the capital of Texas on Colorado River. Many professed Unionists here.
1865 July 29 Marched to San Marcos
1865 July 30 Arrived at New Braunfels, a German settlement
1865 July 31 Arrived at Salado Creek
1865 Aug 1 Arrived at San Antonio an old Spanish settlement. Many of the houses are built of mud or adobe and inhabited by Mexicans, Spaniards, etc. There are several very old Roman Catholic Convents in a dilapidated state near by
1865 Aug 3 Encamped in the chaparral. Plenty of good spring water, lager beer, pecan nut trees abound.
1865 Aug 10 3 years service
1865 Aug 14 Out of curiosity visited a "gambling hall" today. Piles of gold and silver on the tables. Bullet holes in the walls.
1865 Aug 29 President of a Board of Survey
1865 Sep 1 Bathing in San Antonio river daily. Water clean & pure
1865 Sep 2 Detailed to Brigade Commissary. Declined
1865 Sep 11 Tendered my resignation
1865 Sep 17 Member of Board of Survey
1865 Oct 9 Went to Austin in command of Paymasters escort
1865 Oct 11 Arrived at Austin 40 miles
1865 Oct 14 Returned to San Antonio
1865 Oct 20 My Orders for Honorable discharge arrived
1865 Oct 24 Turned over company & Govt property to 2nd Lieut
1865 Oct 25 Took stage to Alleyton in evening
1865 Oct 26 6 hours to stage. Travel night as well as day, change horses every 20 miles.
1865 Oct 27 Arrived at Alleyton in evening
1865 Oct 28 Took cars for Galveston. Arrived at Galveston. This is a very nice place in the Bay from the Gulf of Mexico
1865 Oct 29 Took steamer Morgan for New Orleans. Paid $30.00 fare
1865 Oct 31 Arrived N. O. Put up at City Hotel
1865 Nov 1 Took steamer Julia for Cairo Illinios. Paid $40.00 fare
1865 Nov 7 Arrived Cairo
1865 Nov 8 Left for New York by rail, paid fare $36.40
1865 Nov 10 Arrived at New York. Since leaving San Antonio have travelled by stage 150 miles, by water 1400 miles, by land or rail 1300 miles
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Hudson is useful for monitoring the non-interactive execution of processes, such as cron jobs, procmail, inetd-launched processes. Often those tasks are completely unmonitored (which makes it hard for you to notice when things go wrong), or they send e-mails constantly regardless of the success or failure (which results into the same situation as you'll quickly start ignoring them anyway.) Using Hudson enables you to monitor large number of such tasks with little overhead.
Setting up a project
Create a new job and choose "Monitor an external job" as the job type.
Monitoring an execution
Once you set up a project, you can monitor an execution by running a command like this:
$ export HUDSON_HOME=http://user:firstname.lastname@example.com/path/to/hudson/ $ java -jar /path/to/WEB-INF/lib/hudson-core-*.jar "job name" <program arg1 arg2...>
For Windows:
> set HUDSON_HOME=http://user:email@example.com/path/to/hudson/ > java -jar \path\to\WEB-INF\lib\hudson-core-*.jar "job name" cmd.exe /c <program arg1 arg2...>
If your webserver extracts the hudson.war file when it deploys Hudson then you may use the path directly to the WEB-INF/lib directory and all other required jars will be found there. Otherwise you may extract these from the war file:
hudson-core-*.jar remoting-*.jar ant-1.7.0.jar commons-lang-2.4.jar xstream-*.jar
All are found in the WEB-INF/lib path inside the war file. As long as they are all in the same directory, the java -jar /path/to/hudson-core-*.jar command will find the other required jars.
The HUDSON_HOME variable is used to locate the server Hudson is running, so this must be set. Unless your Hudson job has build permission for guest users, include the username:password@ portion of the URL, as seen in the examples above.
You can copy hudson-core-*.jar and the other required jars to other machines if you want to monitor jobs that are run on a different machine.
stdout and stderr of the program will be recorded, and a non-zero exit code will be considered as a failure.
Monitoring cron jobs
To monitor a cron job, simply run the above set up from your cron script. To avoid receiving e-mails from cron daemon, you might want to write something like:
HUDSON_HOME=http://myserver.acme.org/path/to/hudson/ 0 * * * * export HUDSON_HOME=$HUDSON_HOME; java -jar hudson-core-*.jar "backup" backup.sh 2>&1 > /dev/null
Note that you can also move the cron job itself to Hudson by using free-style software project, which would also allow you to manually execute the job outside the scheduled executions.
Submit a run programatically
The above command submits the execution and its result by sending XML to HTTP. This means you can submit an execution record from any program, as long as you follow the same XML format.
The format is explained below:
<run> <log encoding="hexBinary">...hex binary encoded console output...</log> <result>... integer indicating the error code. 0 is success and everything else is failure</result> <duration>... milliseconds it took to execute this run ...</duration> </run>
The duration element is optional. Console output is hexBinary encoded so that you can pass in any control characters that are otherwise disallowed in XML. Elements must be in this order.
The above XML needs to be sent to http://myhost/hudson/job/_jobName_/postBuildResult.
A simple example using curl would be (using no real data):
$ curl -X POST -d '<run><log encoding="hexBinary">4142430A</log><result>0</result><duration>2000</duration></run>' \ http://user:pass@myhost/hudson/job/_jobName_/postBuildResult
CSRF Protection
If your Hudson uses the "Prevent Cross Site Request Forgery exploits" security option, all the above requests (java -jar commands and curl/wget POSTs) will be rejected with 403 errors ("No valid crumb was included") on Hudson versions up to 1.384.
wget -q --output-document - \ 'http://server/hudson/crumbIssuer/api/xml?xpath=concat(//crumbRequestField,":",//crumb)'
Comments (12)
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Sep 06, 2007
Anonymous says:If you get: ----Exception in thread "/opt/kuttig/Dev1-Backup-Scripts/svn_backup...
If you get:
----Exception in thread "/opt/kuttig/Dev1-Backup-Scripts/svn_backup.sh: stdout copier" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/apache/tools/ant/BuildException
at hudson.util.StreamCopyThread.run(StreamCopyThread.java:27)
Exception in thread "/opt/kuttig/Dev1-Backup-Scripts/svn_backup.sh: stderr copier" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/apache/tools/ant/BuildException
at hudson.util.StreamCopyThread.run(StreamCopyThread.java:27)
----call "-Xbootclasspath/a:/usr/local/apache-ant/lib/ant.jar" to your java call (modify the ant path!). So this may result in:
export HUDSON_HOME=http://localhost:8080/hudson; java -Xbootclasspath/a:/usr/local/apache-ant/lib/ant.jar -jar hudson-core-1.136.jar "SVN_Backup" /opt/svn/svn_backup.sh
- zeisss
Sep 16, 2007
Kohsuke Kawaguchi says:This issue is filed as issue #802.
This issue is filed as issue #802.
Mar 29, 2008
Kevin Ketchum says:How about running on a Windows machine. I've created a bat file like this: set ...
How about running on a Windows machine. I've created a bat file like this:
set HUDSON_HOME=http://localhost:8080
java -jar C:\hudson_master\lib\hudson-core-1.200.jar "build_release_12.0" call_build.bat release_12.0
I get this error (which indicates it cannot file hudsonhome):
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: hudson/remoting/Callable
at hudson.Main.getHudsonHome(Main.java:47)
at hudson.Main.run(Main.java:37)
at hudson.Main.main(Main.java:29)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: hudson.remoting.Callable
at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(Unknown Source)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClassInternal(Unknown Source)
... 3 more
I'd think that this should work on a Windows machine as well.
Aug 22, 2008
Drew Cox says:I had this too (on Linux though), fixed it by copying the "remoting" jar out of ...
I had this too (on Linux though), fixed it by copying the "remoting" jar out of the distro and into the same directory as the hudson-core jar. The husdon-core jar has a long classpath defined in its manifest.mf, I haven't quite figured out what dependencies are required for remote monitoring, as I now have this error:
Exception in thread "catalog.full.zip: stdout copier" java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: String index out of range: -3
at java.lang.String.charAt(String.java:687)
at hudson.util.EncodingStream.write(EncodingStream.java:21)
at java.io.FilterOutputStream.write(FilterOutputStream.java:108)
at hudson.util.DualOutputStream.write(DualOutputStream.java:29)
at hudson.util.StreamCopyThread.run(StreamCopyThread.java:28)
Mar 20, 2009
Pascal Cohen says:Hi I've been using Hudson for 2 months now and I must say that it is a really ni...
Hi I've been using Hudson for 2 months now and I must say that it is a really nice tools and there are so many available plugins.
It is really nice.
Today I started to play with the monitoring of external jobs and had an authentication error even when I set in the HUDSON_HOME env variable the userinfo user:password in the URL.
Looking in the code Main.java , I added
String encoding = new sun.misc.BASE64Encoder().encode(new URL(location).getUserInfo().getBytes()); con.setRequestProperty ("Authorization", "Basic " + encoding);
That works now but I am not sure this is perfect as it assumes that authentication is expected.
Anyway that could perhaps be interesting to add such feature one way or another.
Mar 30, 2009
Bryan Oakley says:Is it possible to use this technique to send back data formatted as HTML? I'd li...
Is it possible to use this technique to send back data formatted as HTML? I'd like to be able to include some hyperlinks and bold text into the information that is generated on the console output page.
Jun 01, 2009
Josh Koenig says:I am also wondering about log formats. Haven't had any luck (yet) getting intell...
I am also wondering about log formats. Haven't had any luck (yet) getting intelligible results via HTTP POST and the XML format.
Jul 02, 2009
Prem Polavarapu says:Got this working using the following command. java -cp remoting-1.31...
Got this working using the following command.
java -cp remoting-1.313.jar:hudson-core-1.313.jar:servlet.jar hudson.Main "Test" Test.groovy
Jul 16, 2009
moon people says:Example of working command: export HUDSON_HOME=http://localhost:8080/hudson java...
Example of working command:
export HUDSON_HOME=http://localhost:8080/hudson
java -classpath remoting.jar:./lib/hudson-core-1.315.jar:/opt/hudson/apache-tomcat-6.0.20/lib/servlet-api.jar hudson.Main "test-mon" ksh ./test_server_health.ksh
I was having a lot of issues trying to get external jobs running successfully, but I figured it out. Here's what I did
Hudson version: 1.315
(running all this on OS X 10.5.6)
1) created dir /opt/hudson
2) installed apache-tomcat-6.0.20 into that directory (/opt/hudson/apache-tomcat-6.0.20)
3) dropped hudson.war (version 1.315) into /opt/hudson/apache-tomcat-6.0.20/webapps dir
4) started up tomcat (you may have a few config tweaks to make in server.xml withing your apache-tomcat-6.0.20 dir)
5) went to http://localhost:8080/hudson saw that hudson was running ok
6) Hudson -> New Job -> Monitor an external job (gave it a title of test-mon) -> OK
7) cd into /opt/hudson/apache-tomcat-6.0.20/webapps/hudson/WEB-INF
8) set HUDSON_HOME=http://localhost:8080 (this can also be set to an entirely different hudson server. it does not have to be on your local machine to work.)
9)from the /opt/hudson/apache-tomcat-6.0.20/webapps/hudson/WEB-INF directory I ran the following:
10) java -classpath remoting.jar:./lib/hudson-core-1.315.jar:/opt/hudson/apache-tomcat-6.0.20/lib/servlet-api.jar hudson.Main "test-mon" ksh ./test_server_health.ksh
11) Important: make sure to pass the language executor before the script (note: I ran 'ksh ./test_server_health.ksh' I tried many times without the 'ksh' and it doesn't work)
12) went to http://localhost:8080/hudson and saw my test passed.
the hardest thing I had to deal with was getting the classpath correct. you need remoting.jar, hudson-core-1.315.jar(of course the versioning will be different for you, 1.315 is the latest version as of today) & a servlet.jar (I chose servlet-api.jar from the apache lib directory out of frustration, so there may be another that exists that is the correct one.)
in the command I provided I'm running a korn shell script (which is why you see the ksh before the actual script). you could run anything and typically groovy is sited as an example, but it can be bash, perl, ruby.
also realized that where ever you set HUDSON_HOME to is where the test results get posted, so setting HUDSON_HOME=http://localhost:8080/hudson and looking for results on http://cool.company.com/hudson will make you go crazy
good luck!!
Oct 05, 2009
Michael Alsen says:Alternative solution for Linux: http://n2.nabble.com/hudson-monitoring-externa...
Alternative solution for Linux:
Jun 24, 2010
Derek Choi says:I am attempting to connect a set of procmail executions and cronjobs with hudson...
I am attempting to connect a set of procmail executions and cronjobs with hudson, which works great. However, one thing that I noticed during my testing is if the hudson server itself goes down, the executions don't run at all, which puts a dependency on Hudson CI being up. Is it possible to pass a command line argument to ignore errors communicating with hudson and continue with the execution?


text:
Sneak Peek: Panther Baby by Jamal JosephNovember 15, 2011 • 14 Comments • category: Algonquin Books Blog, Excerpts, Promotions
We're excited to give you an early look at Panther Baby, Jamal Joseph's gripping memoir about coming of age within the Black Panther movement, publishing February 7, 2012.
About the Book:
Eddie Joseph was a high school honor student, slated to graduate early and begin college. But this was the late 1960s in Bronx's black ghetto, and fifteen-year-old Eddie was introduced to the tenets of the Black Panther Party, which was just gaining a national foothold. By sixteen, his devotion to the cause landed him in prison on the infamous Rikers Island—charged with conspiracy as one of the Panther 21 in one of the most emblematic criminal cases of the sixties. When exonerated, Eddie—now called Jamal—became the youngest spokesperson and leader of the Panthers' New York chapter. He joined the "revolutionary underground," later landing back in prison.
Sentenced to more than twelve years in Leavenworth, he earned three degrees there and found a new calling. He is now chair of Columbia University's School of the Arts film division—the very school he exhorted students to burn down during one of his most famous speeches as a Panther. In raw, powerful prose, Jamal Joseph helps us understand what it meant to be a soldier inside the militant Black Panther movement. He recounts a harrowing, sometimes deadly imprisonment as he charts his path to manhood in a book filled with equal parts rage, despair, and hope.
About the Author:
Orphan, activist, subversive, urban guerrilla, the FBI's most wanted fugitive, drug addict, drug counselor, convict, writer, poet, filmmaker, father, professor, youth advocate, and Oscar nominee Jamal Joseph lives with his wife and family in New York City.
[scribd id=72700746 key=key-289vpvja990t267p70ai mode=list]
14 Comments On This Post:
11:06 am
Lucie says...
Seems deep
11:11 am
Jennifer D. says...
This sounds amazing! What a journey Joseph has created from himself! I would love to win a copy of this book; thank you for the opportunity.
11:15 am
rhonda lomazow says...
an inside look !would love to read this book.
11:16 am
Megan says...
Looks fascinating! Jamal Joseph has quite the resume 🙂 would love to have a chance to read this book early-thanks for the contest (PS-the cover is great by the way!)
11:51 am
Jeffrey Tretin says...
Sounds fascinating. Thank you.
11:55 am
matkeltri says...
Sounds very interesting.
4:25 pm
Maya says...
The book sounds very interesting. Can't wait to read it.
5:42 am
Nicole says...
I was fortunate enough to read an advance copy. It's wonderful and gripping. Thank you for this book!!!
11:49 pm
Anthony Joseph says...
Intriguing! Jamal provides us with a rare opportunity of hope and courage! Would love to add this book to my collection!!
6:54 am
jahshon simms says...
Big Bro.Jamal Joseph i def need a copy, i heard the story from ya mouth but it would be nice to read the words…
10:48 pm
Bruce S. Morgan says...
An amazing journey brother. The sad thing is there are hundreds of stories just like yours that don't get told. All we hear about is the negative. It's stories such as yours that makes me all the more committed to ensure legacies such as yours live on. We must give our youth hope and direction. We must give our seniors a sense of comfort that their struggle has not been in vain. You inspire. Thank you!
7:26 pm
Nell Cole says...
I am reading the book now and it is so interesting. Anyone from any movement should be able to identify the common fight for humanity in a world who will kill you just for being you. I can't wait to see what happens next in the book.
Also check out all the great youtube videos as you learn the names of this Freedom fighters.
I would love to interview him for my show.
1:50 pm
Velvet says...
I just wanted to say that I am reading "Panther Baby" and I am enthralled!!! I have a co-worker that was familiar with Mr. Joseph while he was a student at Columbia when Mr. Joseph was teaching a class.
I wanted to let Mr. Joseph know that I am thoroughly enjoying this read and want to commend him on his journey. Thanx for being in the struggle.
Velvet J. Sanchez
1:49 pm
Ray Rodriguez says...
I was a martial arts student of Jamal in the 70's. He was a black belt with the Black Cipher Academy of Martial Arts science. He was a good brother. Good luck, Jamal.


text:
Wiltshire College has launched a new job club at Warminster Enterprise Centre to help adults looking for work.
The college's work skills team is running the sessions in The Avenue, between 10am and noon every Friday.
The club, for anyone over 18 eligible to work in the UK, was launched by the college following the success of similar schemes in Trowbridge, Chippenham and Devizes.
The team looks at identifying an individual's expertise, helps them set up an account on the Government's Universal Jobwatch, and to search for jobs.
Clare Huntley, the lead training co-ordinator, said the team supports people to help them get the best out of the job club service and themselves. Phone 01225 756265 or email firstname.lastname@example.com.


text:
Topic: Prayers and Good Thoughts Welcome!!
Tomorrow my dad goes in for embolization of the liver tumor.
As of late, he has been experiencing more stomach pain and fatigue.
It has been about 2 months since his last chemo, so he has gotten a break from that (I'm not sure if that is good or bad, but I think it was well needed!).
Hoping this all goes well and gives him a little more time here with us!!


text:
Hey there, time traveller!
This article was published 6/4/2014 (1233 days ago), so information in it may no longer be current.
As a literary genius and great humanitarian, I strongly believe you should never judge a book by its cover.
No, in a free and democratic society, I believe it is essential to judge books by the way they taste.
I made this discovery over the weekend when I served as an "expert judge" at the Millennium Library's fourth annual Books2Eat Festival, wherein contestants were required to whip up edible works of art inspired by books.
The idea here is the masterpieces had to be made from items we judges would be willing to put inside our mouths, and they had to either physically resemble a book, or a character from a book, or reference a scene from a book, or even be a pun on the title of a book.
"It's just a chance for people to get in touch with their creative side," Danielle Pilon, the library's head of reader services, explained when I arrived at the Carol Shields Auditorium on the second floor. "It can be anything, as long as it's edible. We had a raw fish in a skillet entered the first year. I don't recall what it symbolized."
Luckily, there was nothing fishy about this year's entries, all of which were incredibly clever and unlikely to cause the judges' gastrointestinal systems to go into reverse-thruster mode, if you catch our culinary drift.
Joining me on the judging panel were Carol Bigold, co-owner of the High Tea Bakery and an expert in everything to do with cake and cookies, and local author Anita Daher, who, like me, used to own a basset hound and has written several novels for young readers featuring a plucky basset named Sausage.
The way the judging worked is the three of us would wander around and frown at each entry, then make professional judging comments such as: "Oh this one is adorable!" Or: "How (bad word) cute is this?"
If you have never been forced to sit in judgment of cake, it can be extremely stressful. "It's going to be very hard to pick a winner," declared co-judge Carol.
This caused me to scowl in a literary manner. "No," I told her, firmly. "It's going to be a piece of cake."
"OK, you need to stop saying that, Doug," Carol politely replied, and, in her defence, it was probably the 15th time I had spouted that particular joke.
In the Professional category, it was a neck-and-neck battle between a cake inspired by the kids book The Very Hungry Caterpillar that featured a green caterpillar tunnelling through a cake version of the book, and a cake replica of Humpty Dumpty wherein the oversized egg was sitting on a brick oven and being lured into a giant frying pan by two tiny cake chefs.
In the end, the caterpillar created by Lachance Custom Cake Designs crawled to victory. "The entire story was laid out in cake," judge Anita gushed as we nibbled the hindquarters of the big green-icing insect.
In the kids category, Most Bookish went to a cake based on The Cat Who Went to Paris that featured a delicious chocolate tabby cat perched on a suitcase sporting a "Paris" sticker and the French flag.
Most Humorous went to a cake rendition of the final agonizing moments of the Big Bad Wolf who was being boiled in a pot surrounded by The Three Little Pigs, who were dancing around in brightly coloured overalls.
The award for (take a deep breath) Best Symbolic Use of Cake to Convey a Complicated Literary Concept -- inspired by the teen novel Crush. Candy. Corpse. -- went to a turquoise cake resembling a broken human heart stitched together with chocolate icing. It certainly touched our hearts and taste buds.
But the big winner of the day -- and I am using the word "big" very loosely here -- was 51/2-year-old Anson Stefanyshen, who is literally as cute as a bug's ear, just not nearly as large.
Along with winning for Most Creative, the little guy also snared the People's Choice Award for a cake inspired by the kids book Dragons Love Tacos that featured an orange dragon with cookie scales and marshmallow eyes that was attempting to devour some bite-sized tacos.
When I asked Anson how it felt being a double winner, he chirped "Good" and then plopped to the floor and began playing with his prize, a bag stuffed with assorted baking and cooking utensils.
His mom, Darya, who is from Mexico, explained her family frequently eats tacos and Dragons Love Tacos used to be her son's favourite book, "but now he's into robots."
"He loves to cook," she gushed. "Last year his birthday party was a cooking party, a chefs' party."
So it was a truly great day at the library, and for once I didn't mind eating my words.


text:
Historically, insurance has been regulated in large measure by each state. Therefore, the laws regarding health insurance offered by the different types of employers can vary significantly from state to state. However, with the implementation of the Affordable Care Act (ACA), the federal government also regulates insurance. This is particularly true for individuals purchasing coverage on their own as well as for smaller employers with 50 or fewer employees.
Also, different types of employers may offer different benefit plans. Millions of Americans work for small employers, which for health insurance purposes are generally those with 50 employees or less. Millions of other Americans get their health insurance coverage through large employers. Generally, those are businesses with more than 50 employees. The laws about how coverage can be issued to large groups are different than those for small groups, and the way that premium rates are determined is also different.
At this time, small employers are not required to offer health insurance to employees. Many do so because they believe that health insurance coverage is a valued employee benefit that helps employers attract top employees and retain them. State and federal laws apply to varying degrees – again based on factors including the number of employees, the type of business and whether an insurance company is providing the coverage.
The Affordable Care Act requires that insured small group plans offer health plans that meet certain benchmarks. The benchmarks are represented by the metal levels of platinum, gold, silver and bronze. Each metal level tier plan is designed to provide the same average level of benefit to an enrollee.The tiers are based on the percentage the plan pays of the average overall cost of providing essential health benefits to members:
It's important to note that the metal tiers reflect what the plans will pay on average. These percentages are not the same as coinsurance, which calls for an individual to pay a specific percentage of the cost of a specific service.
There are other myriad requirements that apply to group health in addition to those required by the ACA. There are laws that address benefit communications (ERISA), claims appeals (ERISA) and portability of coverage (HIPAA) among others.
Both the ACA and the federal HIPAA law mandate that no matter what pre-existing health conditions small employer group members may have, no small employer or an individual employee can be turned down by an insurance company for group coverage. This requirement is known in the insurance industry as "guaranteed issue." In addition, each insurance company must renew its small employer health plan contracts every year, at the employer's discretion, unless there is non-payment of premium, the employer has committed fraud or intentional misrepresentation, or the employer has not complied with the terms of the health insurance contract.
Small employers may purchase insurance plans that are provided through the new SHOP markets operating in each state or in the market outside the SHOP. Health insurance plans that are offered in the SHOP exchange are generally also available in the market outside of the SHOP. It's important to note that an employer that wishes to claim the Small Business Health Insurance Tax Credit must purchase a SHOP-based plan.
Your state's Department of Insurance or other state agency that regulates insurance in addition to a professional insurance broker licensed to sell and service insurance in your state is also a good resource for information.
Premium rate determination with the advent of the ACA is significantly different than has been the norm in many states prior to the ACA law. Small group insurance plans are now rated as modified community rating.
With modified community rating, health plans may vary the community rate based on limited factors such as age, geography or smoker status.
Depending on the rules applicable in a state, employers may be able to provide their employees with choices of different insurance companies; different plans within a metal tier or choice of different plans at different metal tiers.
Many employer-based health insurance plans are fully insured by a health insurance company. This means the employer contracts with a health insurance company to provide its employees benefits, pays premiums for such coverage, and the insurance company assumes all claims risk. The states regulate fully insured group plans. Implementation of the ACA gives the federal government more authority over larger group health insurance plans than has previously been the case. ACA governs provisions ranging from employee waiting periods before coverage begins to the types of preventive services that a plan must offer.
However, larger group health plans (usually several hundred employees or larger) may choose to either fully or partially self-insure their group benefit plans. This is also called self-funding. This means that instead of paying health insurance premiums to a company, the employer sets a pool of funds in reserve and assumes the risk for health benefit claims. Companies that self-insure generally buy what is known as a stop-loss insurance policy to protect the employer's assets against losses above a certain threshold. They also contract with either a third-party administrator or a health plan to administer benefits and handle claims.
Many employees of companies that self-fund coverage do not even realize that their plan is self-funded by their employer. Self-funded - and in fact, all employer-provided health benefit plans - are regulated federally by the Department of Labor under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA), so they are sometimes known as ERISA plans. If employees are uncertain whether they are covered by a fully insured (and state-regulated) plan or a self-funded (and federally regulated) plan, they should ask their employer.
A self-funded plan does not have to meet all of the insurance laws and requirements imposed by a state. If a state mandates coverage for a medical service or treatment, e.g., in vitro fertilization, a self-funded plan providing coverage to employees in that state would not have to provide the in vitro fertilization coverage.
Some states define a small employer group as those that have 1-50 employees, but most states require companies to have at least two employees to qualify for group coverage. Insurance companies and the individual states often have specific and strict requirements for very small employer groups to document that they actually are legitimate businesses and have the appropriate number of eligible employees to prevent fraud. Employers generally have to provide payroll tax documentation validating who is an employee.
In the past, some states that allowed sole proprietors to purchase group coverage were often referred to as states that guarantee coverage for "business groups of one." The ACA has eliminated this option of "business groups of one." Instead, these business owners have been directed to purchase coverage in the individual market whether through the marketplace or outside the marketplace.
Millions of people who lose their group health insurance coverage due to a job change, divorce, job loss or other reasons are able to keep their group coverage, at least temporarily. Most people who are able to continue their group health insurance benefits are eligible to do so according to the federal Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985 (COBRA). However, COBRA does not apply to all employers, and many states have mandated other continuation-of-coverage options for people who are not covered by COBRA. In some states, continuation coverage mandated by the state may be more generous than COBRA. The benefit summary booklet provided by the employer may provide details about continuation coverage or who to contact for additional information.
Also, many people leaving group insurance will have the option to enroll in individual coverage. Depending on the individual's circumstances, they may be able to qualify for a special enrollment period to enter the individual insurance exchange and apply for a subsidy. However, once a person enrolls in COBRA or state continuation, their options to purchase individual coverage are more limited. Once COBRA coverage has begun, a person can only enroll in individual coverage during the individual annual open enrollment period or at the end of their COBRA coverage.


text:
- "The first lords of the Vale didn't have much but they had these mountains and they knew how to use them and the fortress they built here has never been overcome, not once, in a thousand years!"
- ―Petyr Baelish
The Vale of Arryn, often referred to simply as the Vale, is part of the independent Kingdom of the North which is ruled by House Stark. It was previously one of the constituent regions of the Seven Kingdoms. Prior to the Targaryen Conquest, it was a sovereign nation known as the Kingdom of Mountain and Vale. It is ruled by House Arryn, from the Eyrie. Protected and surrounded by the Mountains of the Moon, the Vale is isolated from the rest of Westeros and is accessible only during warmer seasons.[1]
Bastards born in the Vale are given the surname Stone.
The Vale is where the Andals first landed and spread out from during their invasion of Westeros six thousand years ago, though as settlement patterns became established, the Reach became the main population center and cultural heartland of the Andals. Still, combined with its isolated mountainous terrain, noble families from the Vale are said to have among the purest Andal bloodlines within Westeros. A few noble families from other regions can match them for this, but no other region taken as a whole.
There are many small tribes who inhabit the foothills of the Mountains of the Moon. These tribes are commonly known as hill tribes, and they reject the rule of House Arryn. Although they are dangerous to passing travelers, their lack of organization and less advanced weapons means they pose no real threat to the rest of the Seven Kingdoms.
During the War of the Five Kings, under the regency of Lady Lysa Arryn and then of Lord Petyr Baelish, the Vale followed a strict policy of neutrality until the very last stages, and was thus able to keep its army, the formidable Vale Knights, and resources nearly intact. It only joined the fray when it helped House Stark reclaim Bolton-held Winterfell and the North overall, at the Battle of the Bastards. In the aftermath of the battle, the Vale lords,like the northern lords and the Free Folk, hailed Jon Snow as their king, thus seceding from the sovereignty of the Iron Throne , to join the re-established Northern kingdom.
Unlike the Westerlands, which have gently rolling mountains, the mountains of the Vale are much less hospitable and more difficult to traverse. Further, while the mountains of the Westerlands are filled with precious metals such as gold, the mountains of the Vale are not particularly rich in resources. The valleys scattered between the harsh mountains, however, are as fertile as any in the Riverlands.
- The Eyrie, the regional capital and the seat of House Arryn.
- Bloody Gate, a stronghold on the road to the Eyrie.
- Runestone, the seat of House Royce.
- Ironoaks, the seat of House Waynwood, located east of the Eyrie on the coast of the Narrow Sea.
- Baelish Keep, the seat of House Baelish, located northeast of the Eyrie on the smallest of The Fingers.
- Redfort, a castle located southeast of the Eyrie.
Towns and cities
- Sisterton, the biggest town on the Three Sisters.
- Wickendon, a town in the south of the Vale.
- Gulltown, the only city in the Vale and a major port.
- The Fingers, a series of peninsulas in the north of the Vale.
- The Mountains of the Moon, the mountain range that dominates the Vale.
Coastal areas
- The Bite, a bay separating the Vale from the North.
- The Three Sisters, a group of islands in the Bite.
- The Paps, an island northeast of the Fingers.
- Pebble, a small island east of the Three Sisters.
In the books
In the A Song of Ice and Fire novels, the term "Vale" refers to the entire region ruled by the Arryns, as well as the Vale itself, which runs from the foot of the Giant's Lance almost to the sea,. The Arryns rule the Vale from the castle known as the Eyrie. Before the Andal Invasion, the region was originally known as the the Kingdom of Mountain and Vale. During the time the Arryn dynasty ruled the Vale, the region was also alternatively known as the Kingdom of Vale and Sky.
The people of the Vale, popularly called "valemen", are known as honorable, reliable warriors steeped in honor and the worship of the Faith of the Seven.
Some of the valemen living in the foothills of the Mountains of the Moon have rejected the authority of the Eyrie and exist as little more than clans and tribes of savage warriors, such as the Black Ears and Burned Men. While dangerous to passing travelers, they lack the number and equipment to properly invade or trouble the Vale.
The borders of the Vale are held to be the Bite to the north, the Bay of Crabs to the south, the Mountains of the Moon to the west and the Narrow Sea to the east.
- The Gates of the Moon, a fortress which guards the foot of the Giant's Lance, held by a cadet branch of House Royce.
See also
Dorne · The Iron Islands · The North · The Reach · The Stormlands · The Vale of Arryn · The Westerlands · The Riverlands · The Crownlands (King's Landing) · The Wall & the Gift · Beyond the Wall
Free Cities (Disputed Lands · Stepstones) · Valyrian Peninsula · Bay of Dragons · Dothraki Sea · Lhazar · Red Waste · Qarth · Ib · Yi Ti · Asshai & the Shadow Lands
|Regional Capital:
Bloody Gate · Redfort · Runestone · Gulltown · Wickendon · Sisterton
|Coastal Areas:
Houses from the Vale of Arryn
|Great House:
|Noble Houses:
Corbray · Egen · Lynderly · Hunter · Moore · Royce · Tollett · Waynwood
|Lesser Houses:
|Robin Arryn
|The Eyrie
|The Vale of Arryn
|Lord of the Eyrie · Lord Paramount of the Vale · Warden of the East
|Artys Arryn · Sharra Arryn · Ronnel Arryn · Aemma Arryn
|Deceased members:
|Jasper Arryn · Jon Arryn · Alys Arryn · Ronnel Arryn · Lysa Arryn
|{Ser Vardis Egen} · {Ser Hugh of the Vale} · Mord · Petyr Baelish
|House Stark


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Articles tagged with: prosthesis
Biomedical engineering students from Ryerson; Michael Prywata and Thiago Caires, have created a prosthetic arm that is controlled by brain signals. The two undergraduate students are changing the medical prosthesis realm with their new device. The Artificial Muscle-Operated (AMO) Arm allows amputees more range of movement than your typical prosthetic arm and also allows amputees to avoid invasive surgeries, saving hundreds of thousands of dollars. The device is powered by artificial muscles simple pneumatic pumps and valves to create movements. The device uses compressed air as the main source of power.


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(Posts in Category 'Camping')
3 Jun 2016 by Dave Sullivan in Camping , Food & Dining , Trip Planning , Torngat Mountains National Park , Signal Hill , Fogo & Change Islands , St. John's and Outdoor Adventure
As a former touring actor and comedian, I've spent my fair share of time in hotel rooms. And, don't get me wrong, hotels are great places to stay – I mean, they clean your room every day. How can you not love that? But, sometimes you just want to experience something different. Something a little left of centre.
27 Nov 2015 by Matt Molloy in Camping , Food & Dining , Festivals & Events , Nature , Entertainment and Cultural ExperiencesRegion: Central
With my hair still dripping wet from our afternoon swim in the brook, I rummaged around my tent to find a casual dress to throw on before rushing out to join the final clusters of people migrating via car, foot and shuttle bus from Burlington to Middle Arm.
11 Jun 2014 by Janelle Hickey in Birdwatching , Camping , Hiking & Walking , Whale Watching , Nature , History , Trip Planning , Geology & Fossils , Bonavista and Outdoor AdventureRegion: Avalon
Nestled in woodland above the village of Open Hall in Eastern Newfoundland, Eagles Cliffe Cottages provide luxury accommodations with a breathtaking view of the islands and waters of Bonavista Bay. Known for their outstanding hospitality and coastal scenery of outport Newfoundland, Eagles Cliffe Cottages is excited to expand it's wheelhouse by offering two new unique experiences.
1 May 2014 by Janelle Hickey in Birdwatching , Camping , Hiking & Walking , Icebergs , Kayaking , Shopping , Skiing & Snowboarding , Whale Watching , Nature , St. John's and Outdoor AdventureRegion: Avalon
The Outfitters opened their doors at 220 Water Street in 1998 and have grown to become a leader in Newfoundland and Labrador supplying specialty clothing and equipment for self propelled outdoor adventures. But the storefront is just the starting point - this is where they prepare you for your next adventure - and trust me, their commitment to their customers extends far beyond the sales counter. I sat down with Jonathan Simon who's in charge of their Marketing and Communications to talk about the business of adventure in Newfoundland.
23 Sep 2013 by Tara Kroes in Camping , Food & Dining , Festivals & Events , Hiking & Walking , Nature , Entertainment , Top Destinations , Cultural Experiences and Outdoor Adventure
A bus dropped us off at the side of the road where a small flag, set beside a narrow path that led into the forest, indicated the start of the trail. It was not a simple walking trail, there were some difficult parts, but it was beautiful. Halfway along the trail there was a lookout. I felt as though I was standing on top of the forest. All I could see were the tops of trees stretching out toward the open ocean in the distance. As I stood there catching my breath and taking in the beauty, I could almost have believed I was the only person on the planet....this is the chef hike at The Gathering Festival in Burlington Newfoundland
18 May 2013 by Guest Blogger in Camping , Kayaking , Terra Nova National Park and Outdoor AdventureRegion: Eastern
I wouldn't call myself a kayaker. I prefer paddling a canoe, even if I do have to portage now and then. But I also wouldn't consider myself a canoe snob either. Any soft-path vessel is fine by me as long as it gets me into a wilderness area.
16 May 2013 by Sandra Phinney in Boat Tours , Birdwatching , Camping , Hiking & Walking , Kayaking , Nature , History , Art Galleries and Outdoor AdventureRegion: Labrador
If you recall, our last stop was in North West River. Although we had tentatively planned to leave there mid day, I often lose sight of time when I follow my nose so it was dusk when we bid farewell to this region and hit that long long (albeit relatively new) road to Cartwright. Did I say that road was long? I should have known we wouldn't get there before midnight.
5 Mar 2013 by Brady Huxter in Camping , Hiking & Walking , Nature , Culture and Trip PlanningRegion: Central
The Huxter family sets up camp in La Scie and sets out to explore the Baie Verte Peninsula.
29 Jan 2013 by Sandra Phinney in Birdwatching , Camping , Food & Dining , Nature , Culture , Parks and Cultural ExperiencesRegion: Labrador
When the Trans Labrador Highway opened up—making it possible to drive 1126km from Labrador City all the way across the province to L'Anse-au-Clair, Sandra Phinney and her husband Barrie MacGregor decided to make the loop from their home in Yarmouth, Nova Scotia. Four provinces and 5673 kilometers later, they are still talking to each other and still talking about their trip. Sandra's posted some blogs about this journey.


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Men's Sports
Women's Sports
Men's Sports
Women's Sports
June 29, 2013
LUBBOCK, Texas -- Former Gonzaga University star pitcher and first baseman Marco Gonzales claimed the 2013 John Olerud Two-Way Player of the Year Award as announced by the College Baseball Foundation. Gonzales will accept the award at College Baseball's Night of Champions ceremony Saturday night in Lubbock, Texas.
"I am extremely honored to accept such a prestigious award," Gonzales said. "This means the world to me and my family. I want to thank my coaches and teammates for believing in me and for giving me the chance to be on the field every day. This is simply a testament of my support group and how important they are to me and my passion for the game of baseball."
Gonzales edged out Mike Ford of Princeton University and Michael Lorenzen of Cal State Fullerton for the award that honors the player who excelled both on the mound and in the field
The Fort Collins, Colo., native turned in a spectacular season for the Bulldogs. The left-handed pitcher earned Co-West Coast Conference Player of the Year honors with his 7-3 record and 2.80 ERA. In 106 innings, Gonzales struck out 96 batters while only walking 25. The southpaw had two complete game shutouts including a stellar effort over Mar. 1 over No. 2 Arkansas in Surprise, Ariz.
Gonzales also served as a middle of the lineup bat for the Zags offense as he led the club with a .311 batting average, two home runs and 26 RBI. The lefty hit .325 in conference play and totaled 11 multiple hit games. From April 16 to May 4, Gonzales carried a hitting streak that spanned 11 games.
The All-American was the first-round selection of the St. Louis Cardinals in the 2013 Major League Baseball Draft. Gonzales was the 19th overall pick to become the highest drafted player in Gonzaga history.
Gonzales becomes the fourth recipient of the award since it was first presented in 2010. The former winners include Brian Johnson from University of Florida (2012), Danny Hultzen from University of Virginia (2011) and Mike McGee from Florida State University (2010).
The John Olerud Award was announced in conjunction with several prestigious college baseball awards including the Brooks Wallace Award, The Johnny Bench Award, National Pitcher of the Year and the Dick Howser Trophy.
--from gozags.com
© Copyright 2017 West Coast Conference. All Rights Reserved.


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Avocado 5 Waysby Toby Amidor in Healthy Recipes, February 1, 2011
This fruit (yep, it's a fruit!) is packed with fiber, vitamin C, vitamin K and potassium, but these babies are also heavy on good-f0r-you monounsaturated fat. To make them a part of a healthy diet, consume in reasonable portions — about one-fifth an avocado contains 50 calories. Here are 5 delicious and portion-friendly ways to make them part of your day, for the big game this Sunday or anytime.
The classic way to prep avocados is guacamole. To spice up your guac, add some extra jalapenos or even a dash of hot sauce. Serve with a side of veggies or a measure portion of tortilla chips (stick to 1-ounce portions per person).
RECIPE: Guacamole
In the mood for something different? Try this salsa verde (a.k.a. green salsa) using avocado, tomatillo and cilantro. Serve it with shrimp, fish (like mahi-mahi) or chicken.
RECIPE: Chipotle Shrimp Taco with Avocado Salsa Verde
Pair avocado with corn and cherry tomatoes for a vitamin-packed salad. Although the calories on this dish are below 250 per serving, the heart healthy fat goes slightly above the Healthy Eats guidelines. That doesn't make this unhealthy, it should just be a once-in-a-while treat or slim down the portions and make it for 6.
RECIPE: Corn, Avocado and Tomato Salad
Dress up sandwiches and wraps with a slice or two of creamy avocado. Try it with your next chicken salad sandwich or rolled up with turkey or shrimp.
RECIPE: Turkey Avocado Wrap
With Crab
Look no further for an easy appetizer ready in 10 minutes. Avocado is the perfect complement to seafood as you can see in this delicious combo in Ellie's recipe.
RECIPE: Crab and Avocado Duet
TELL US: What's your favorite way to eat avocados?
Toby Amidor, MS, RD, CDN, is a registered dietitian and consultant who specializes in food safety and culinary nutrition. See Toby's full bio »


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If no packet is available, we generally get an EAGAIN exception and return None.
If there is a packet, we skip the exception and proceed to the code that
handles the datagram content (not shown).
- Code: Select all
try :
buf, senderAdr = self.sock.recvfrom(2000)
except error as e :
if e.errno == errno.EAGAIN : return None
# treat anything else as fatal error
This code was written for Unix/Linux and works fine on my Mac or a Linux machine.
I would like to know how to do the same thing on a windows machine. I've tried
substituting errno.EWOULDBLOCK, since it appears that Windows uses this
error code. But it also appears that there may be more hoops to jump through
to get this to work on Windows.
Any suggestions?
Jon Turner