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Social psychology: Altruism · Attribution · Attitudes · Conformity · Discrimination · Groups · Interpersonal relations · Obedience · Prejudice · Norms · Perception · Index · Outline
Secrecy or furtiveness is the practice of hiding information from certain individuals or groups, perhaps while sharing it with other individuals. That which is kept hidden is known as the secret.
Secrecy is often controversial, depending on the content of the secret, the group or people keeping the secret, and the motivation for secrecy. Secrecy by government entities is often decried as excessive or in promotion of poor operation; excessive revelation of information on individuals can conflict with virtues of privacy and confidentiality.
Secrecy in sociology and zoology Edit
Animals, including humans (in some cases), conceal the location of themselves and their den or nest from predators for example by using camouflage. Squirrels bury nuts, hiding them, and they try to remember their locations later.
Humans attempt to consciously conceal aspects of themselves from others due to shame, or from fear of rejection, loss of acceptance, or loss of employment, or to retain power. On a deeper level, humans attempt to conceal aspects of their own self which they are not capable of incorporating psychologically into their conscious being. Families sometimes maintain "family secrets", obliging family members never discuss disagreeable issues concerning the family, either with those outside the family and sometimes even within the family. Many "family secrets" are maintained by using a mutually agreed-upon construct (an official family story) when speaking with outside members. Agreement to maintain the secret is often coerced through "shaming" and reference to family honor. The information may even be something as trivial as a recipe.
Keeping one's strategy secret is important in many aspects of game theory.
Secret sharing (anthropology) Edit
In anthropology secret sharing is one way for men to establish traditional relations with other men.
Government secrecy Edit
Governments often attempt to conceal information from other governments and the public. These state secrets can include weapon designs, military plans, diplomatic negotiation tactics, and secrets obtained illicitly from others ("intelligence"). Most nations have some form of Official Secrets Act (the Espionage Act in the U.S.) and classify material according to the level of protection needed (hence the term "classified information"). An individual needs a security clearance for access and other protection methods, such as keeping documents in a safe, are stipulated.
Few people dispute the desirability of keeping Critical Nuclear Weapon Design Information secret, but many believe government secrecy to be excessive and too often employed for political purposes. Many countries have laws that attempt to limit government secrecy, such as the U.S. Freedom of Information Act and sunshine laws. Government officials sometimes leak information they are supposed to keep secret. (For a recent (2005) example, see Plame affair.)
Secrecy in elections is a growing issue, particularly secrecy of vote counts on computerized vote counting machines. While voting, citizens are acting in a unique sovereign or "owner" capacity (instead of being a subject of the laws, as is true outside of elections) in selecting their government servants. It is argued that secrecy is impermissible as against the public in the area of elections where the government gets all of its power and taxing authority. In any event, permissible secrecy varies significantly with the context involved.
Corporate securityEdit
Organizations, ranging from multi-national for profit corporations to nonprofit charities, keep secrets for competitive advantage, to meet legal requirements, or, in some cases, to conceal nefarious behavior. New products under development, unique manufacturing techniques, or simply lists of customers are types of information protected by trade secret laws. The patent system encourages inventors to publish information in exchange for a limited time monopoly on its use, though patent applications are initially secret. Secret societies use secrecy as a way to attract members by creating a sense of importance.
Other laws require organizations to keep certain information secret, such as medical records (HIPAA in the U.S.), or financial reports that are under preparation (to limit insider trading). Europe has particularly strict laws about database privacy.
In many countries, neoliberal reforms of government have included expanding the outsourcing of government tasks and functions to private businesses with the aim of improving efficiency and effectiveness in government administration. However, among the criticisms of these reforms is the claim that the pervasive use of "Commercial-in-confidence" (or secrecy) clauses in contracts between government and private providers further limits public accountability of governments and prevents proper public scrutiny of the performance and probity of the private companies. Concerns have been raised that 'commercial-in-confidence' is open to abuse because it can be deliberately used to hide corporate or government maladministration and even corruption. A string of publicly scandalous revelations about poor, wasteful or corrupt management of government-funded private contracts left unchecked for lengthy periods, often in prison management[1], has added credence to the views of skeptics about the prudency of the neoliberal reforms themselves.
Technology secrecy Edit
- See also: Full disclosure, Kerckhoffs' principle, and security through obscurity
Preservation of secrets is one of the goals of information security. Techniques used include physical security and cryptography. The latter depends on the secrecy of cryptographic keys. Secrecy is central to organized crime. Many believe that security technology can be more effective if it itself is not kept secret.
Information hiding is a design principle in much software engineering. It is considered easier to verify software reliability if one can be sure that different parts of the program only have access to certain information.
Military secrecy Edit
- See also: Military intelligence and born secret
A military secret is secret information that is purposely not made available to the general public and hence to any enemy, by the military in order to gain an advantage or to not reveal a weakness, avoid embarrassment or to help in propaganda efforts.
Most military secrets are military in nature, such as the strengths and weaknesses of weapons systems, tactics, training methods, number and location of specific weapons and plans.
Some involve information in broader areas, such as secure communications, cryptography, intelligence operations and cooperation with third-parties.
Views on secrecy Edit
Excessive secrecy is often cited as a source of much human conflict. One may have to lie in order to hold a secret, which might lead to psychological repercussions. The alternative, declining to answer when asked something, may suggest the answer and may therefore not always be suitable for keeping a secret. Also, the other may insist that one answer the question. Nearly 2500 years ago, Sophocles wrote, "Do nothing secretly; for Time sees and hears all things, and discloses all." And Gautama Siddhartha, the Buddha, once said "Three things cannot long stay hidden: the sun, the moon and the truth".
See alsoEdit
- Anonimity
- Confidentiality
- Conspiracy theory
- Classified information
- Espionage
- Freedom of information legislation
- Privacy
- Secret sharing
- Secrecy (sociology)
- Self disclosure
- Smuggling
- ↑ need ref
- Sissela Bok, Secrets: On the Ethics of Concealment and Revelation (New York : Vintage Books, 1989).
- Bruce Schneier, Secrets and Lies (Schneier)
- On Secrecy, by Sir Henry Taylor in The Oxford Book of Essays, John J. Gross, Oxford University Press, 1991 ISBN 0-19-214185-6
- Alasdair Roberts, Blacked Out: Government Secrecy in the Information Age (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006).
- Secrecy legal news and research, JURIST
The Federal Information Manual. P. Stephen Gidiere III. American Bar Association (2006)[1].
"the sunny place for shady people". [2]
External links Edit
- Media Law Web (UK), Confidentiality Law and Privacy
- Rules of political misdirection
- Secrecy News from the Federation of American Scientists
|This page uses Creative Commons Licensed content from Wikipedia (view authors).


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Deutsch, Español, Ελληνικά, Français, Hausa, Igbo, Indonesian, Italiano, Kiswahili, Kreyòl, Malagasy, Melayu, Português, Русский, Soomaaliga, Tagalog, Việt, Türkçe, Yorùbá, தமிழ், नेपाली, 中文, اردو, 한국어, 日本語, العربية, فارسی, עִברִית, हिन्दी, ไทย, বাংলা, తెలుగు, ગુજરાતી, ລາວ, ਪੰਜਾਬੀ, සිංහල, پښتو
Last updated: 23 August 2016
- See also: Global Calendar of Events and Past events in Guinea
- March 2016: Diallo Abdoulaye Sadio reports that the Association Des Volontaires Guineens Pour l' Environnement has been promoting solar thermal cooking for twenty-two years in Guinea and other other areas of West Africa. He feels by training young people with sustainable employment opportunities is helping to fight against the appeal of terrorist organizations. He is hoping to attract the attention of an NGO willing to help with their efforts.
- August 2000: Volontaires Guineens pour l'Environnement reports they have been working on solar cooker production and promotion in Guinea since 1995. "For every one cooker that is bought, we always make sure that we fabricate one for a poor family in the rural village," writes Diallo Abdoulaye Sadio. "By this system, we have now put in place about 250 cookers just for the village population." Mr. Diallo reports that the Voluntaires have a solar cooking training staff but have trouble obtaining the necessary materials for building cookers.
A long lasting effort in Guinea is found in the work of a solar pioneer in that country, Diallo Abdoulaye Sadio, who has spearheaded an effort which has produced hundreds of solar cookers, both box type and panels. The organization, called Volontaires Guineens pour l'Environnement, has made and sold cookers on a plan that permits the free distribution of one cooker, to a family in a rural village, for each one they are able to sell. Occasionally they have trouble locating materials, but have a staff well trained in the training of others, and in the producing of cookers.
Archived articles
Climate and culture
See also
- Wikipedia article on the climate of Guinea
- Discussion of West-central Africa's suitability for solar cooking
- Solar cooker dissemination and cultural variables
Discussion groups
Articles in the media
Possible funders
Web pages
- Principe et intérêt de la cuisson solaire - (English version)
- Questions courantes sur les fours solaires
SCI Associates
Manufacturers and vendors
Government agencies
Educational institutions
See also

subset: commoncrawl


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The Baby Borrowers: Interview with Natalie
Would you let a teen borrow your baby to teach them a lesson in life? We talked to one mom who did. Natalie, a 31-year-old mother of four, offered up her youngest child, 6-month-old, Etta to be cared for by teenage couple, Sean (18) and Kelsey (18) on last night's episode of the The Baby Borrowers.
NBC's new show takes five young couples and thrusts them into the real world by giving them a house to live in, followed by babies, tots, school aged children, preteens, teens, pets and elderly people as charges. The series couldn't be more timely with magazine covers dedicated to Jamie Lynn Spears's transition from Nickelodeon star to new mama. And, it's the glamorization of teen pregnancy that is why Natalie, who had her first son at the tender age of 17, decided to volunteer (no one on the show was paid) her offspring. With a professional nanny following the couple, and the ability to watch them on monitors and intervene at any time, the mother helped Kelsey experience the realities — the sleepless nights and frustration — of motherhood.
Did you have any apprehension about handing your baby over to teenagers? Not really — I thought it was important to do the show and everything was in place as far as safety measures. So I wasn't in fear at all as far as their (Natalie's son, Benjamin appears in the second episode) physical well being and I think that I was on hand to ensure emotional well being for them. I went over and interjected at one point.
What was the breaking point that made you decide to interfere? Well, Sean got frustrated and then he cursed, and said, "Put it in the other room it's just gonna cry anyway". The fact that he cursed and was referring to my daughter as "it" was my last straw.
To hear about Natalie's own experience as a teen mom and how she believes teenage pregnancy is portrayed in the media,
Did you relate to Sean and Kelsey's emotions and frustration as you were their age when you became a mother? Yes, I did and I told them it's perfectly acceptable to get frustrated and go in the other room and scream into a pillow or cry in the shower, but it's not acceptable to curse at or while referring to your child. And, at the age Etta was at — you're there to handle their needs because they can't do it for themselves and they just couldn't act that way.
How did you feel about the overall experience — would you do it again? I'd do it again in a heartbeat.
In light of the Time magazine piece about the pregnancy pact at Gloucester High School, do you think this show might change the teen's view of pregnancy?. I truly wish that this was incorporated in all of the schools. There's usually a focus on abstinence or sex education, but not so much the realities. More than just telling kids they could get a sexually transmitted disease, they should know that every single time they choose to have sex, condom or no condom, they still need to be prepared to have a baby as a result. If it's a decision that they are OK with and prepared for, then go ahead and do whatever you are going to do. I was one of those girls just like the girls that you are hearing about now. I got pregnant on purpose because I thought I knew it all and I wanted my parents to know that I could do it myself and I could be a good mother.
What do you think about the way the media portrays teen pregnancy? It's really wrong. Everything has a happy ending. You'll have the baby and you'll move on and that's just not the reality if you're not from a prominent family. There's not always a mother to help or people to hand the baby off to.
Does your story have a happy ending? Absolutely, my story has a happy ending in general and that my kids are all healthy. But I have a 13-year-old son who chooses not to live with me, but to live with his father and this is not one of those court cases where my son was awarded to someone else. He asked about two years ago to go live with his dad because I grew up with him instead of already knowing who I was as a person before I started mothering him. I got frustrated and when there were things that went wrong, I blamed it on him. It's hard because I was a mother doesn't mean that I was a good mother or that I was equipped to take care of him.
So did you do this, in part, to prevent that from happening to other teens? It's good for teens who might be going down that path, but it's also good for their kids that are a product of these relationships because no one is out there advocating for them and they just happen to be born in these circumstances. My kids certainly didn't ask for it and I've put some emotional scars on them and I am deeply sorry for that, but I hope that at least I can help others from making the same mistake.
"The Baby Borrowers" is moving to 9 p.m. ET on Wednesdays beginning July 2 with repeats of the prior week's episode airing before the originals at 8 p.m. ET. Check back soon for our interview with Kelsey.


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pac-man error message shirt
errorwear makes shirts that display common error messages. awesome.
Consider these dorky at the highest of class. They're sterling silver cufflinks that look like Nintendo Wii controllers.Tags: fashion, electronics, Clothes, video games, style, jewelry, gaming, remote, sterling silverAdded 9 Years Ago from Cufflinks
An awesome gift for men of a certain age- or teens with a sense of history.


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DETROIT - The Michigan State Police are investigating a deadly crash in Detroit that happened around 2:50 a.m. Saturday morning.
A 37-year-old man from Lincoln Park died after he was struck by a vehicle in the west bound lanes of I-94 near Mt. Elliot.
The 37-year-old man was outside his car asking for assistance after an earlier crash had disabled his vehicle.
A passenger of one of the vehicles was transported to Detroit Receiving Hospital for non-life threatening injuries.
An off-duty Detroit Police officer had stopped to assist the Lincoln Park resident and was also injured in the series of accidents. He was transported to St. John's Hospital with non-life threatening injuries.
Alcohol is not believed to be a factor in this crash.
Stay with Local 4 for any and all updates.
Copyright 2013 by ClickOnDetroit.com. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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Question for the Money Doctors
Question submitted on Sep 17, 2012.
QuestionI am a US citizen living in India. Do I need to pay social security tax on income earned in India? Where can I find more information about social security tax implications for a US citizen who is a resident (for tax purposes) of another country. India does not have a social security tax treaty with the US.
Hello Bhavin,
For expatriate Social Security tax issues (without a treaty), we recommend that you seek out a CPA firm that specializes in expatriate taxation. General information may be obtained from the US Social Security Administration, the India Minister of Labour and Employment along with your Employer's Human Resource Department.
For additional information visit http://www.360financialliteracy.org/


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Comics Alliance Reader Choice Awards: The Winners
Last month, ComicsAlliance launched its first ever Reader Choice Awards. We spend all year telling you what we like (and don't like), but we wanted to hear from you. We had seven different polls, asking voters to make their choices for best editor, colorist, writer/artist, cover artist, design, artist and writer for the previous year in comics.
Voting concluded this morning, and the results are in. Thanks to all of you who voted, and otherwise spread the word. You can check out a list of the winners below.


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SWINDON darts star Dennis Smith is hoping a new relaxed frame of mind will help his darts do the talking when the PDC Tour resumes next month.
The 43-year-old has managed to recruit sponsors for the new campaign which will see all his entry fees, travel and hotels paid for, meaning he is able to put all his effort into getting it right on the oche.
Smith admitted the financial pressures of the game have sometimes had an effect on him during matches, and is hoping his new relaxed attitude will help him go one step better than last year when he missed out on a place at the World Championship by only £100.
"I played open tournaments and I have done exhibitions and also funded some of them myself in the past, and when you get to these tournaments you are sometimes paying out £500 for entry fees and hotels and things like that, so it isn't cheap," he said.
"That is a lot of money to come out of your own pocket, and it puts a lot of pressure on your mind because you need to cover the money.
"But now I can go into the tournaments and it is all about darts, and you are not thinking, ' that I can't afford to miss a double for financial reasons'.
"Sometimes it makes you play well, but doing it for nine months is hard. You have to pay out £1,000 for entry fees sometimes, so if you have a blank month when you don't win anything you can start to worry.
"If the top guys get beaten in the semi-finals it is not too bad, and it is not as if they are thinking that they have wasted their £200 entry or the £60 for their hotel.
"You have got to be relaxed when you go to the tournament and not have any worries, and I am looking forward to this year because of the kick up the bum I got after missing out so narrowly."
Smith is also aiming to get himself into a more regular practice routine, both at home and at the Fox and Hounds pub in Haydon Wick.
"I am a grinder and I am a fighter, and I will never give in, and as soon as things start I will be doing four or five hours a day," he said.
"I want to get into a proper routine, doing my stuff at home and then coming down and doing four or five hours of good practise, and then be ready.
"Sometimes you can get into a rut, and you can start talking to people and miss out on practice time.
"I have the board at home, but I have taken them down because if they are there I won't practise, and it will force me now to go out and do some proper practise.
"I am working up to a nice rythmn now and I am looking forward to getting started."


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REPUBLIC of Ireland boss Martin O'Neill has appeared in court to give evidence in the £390,000 lawsuit against Bolton Wanderers and a sports agency.
Agent Tony McGill is accusing Wanderers, their chairman Phil Gartside, former manager Sammy Lee, club secretary Simon Marland and Whites director of football at the time, Frank McParland, of colluding with The Sport Entertainment and Media group (SEM) to complete the £1 million transfer of Gavin McCann from Aston Villa on June 11, 2007, behind his back.
And Mr O'Neill, Mr McCann's manager at the time of his disputed move to Wanderers, has told the High Court, sitting at Manchester Civil Justice Centre, that the only person outside Villa he disclosed his £1 million asking price to was Mr McGill.
Mr O'Neill said he had been "pestered" by Mr McGill over the future of Mr McCann for weeks before he discussed a move to Bolton with the agent.
In the face of strong cross examination from SEM's lawyer, Lisa Walmisley, Mr O'Neill said he felt as if there was an innuendo that he had colluded with Mr McGill over the matter.
He told the court he first met Mr McGill at a Sports Personality of the Year contest in the 1980s, when he was introduced to athlete Steve Cram, but added their dealings were purely professional.
Mr O'Neill said: "I do not socialise with any agents and have never asked for or received any kind of favour from them."
It was put to Mr O'Neill that he also disclosed the transfer fee to Villa's chief executive at the time, Richard Fitzgerald, six or seven weeks after he had spoken to Mr McGill.
Mr O'Neill admitted this and said it was a "surprise" to receive the call from Mr Fitzgerald as the American did not normally get involved with transfers.
The court heard how Mr McCann had made it clear to Mr O'Neill that he wanted a move and that Mr O'Neill had mentioned contacting the "busy little customer" Mr McGill.
So, he told the court, he had no reason to suspect Mr McGill was not the midfielder's agent.
Mr O'Neill said he alone was repsonsible for transfers at Villa as the club had recently been bought by Randy Lerner, an American with limited football knowledge.
Earlier in the case Ricky Sbragia, a former coach at Wanderers, told the court that chief BWFC scout Dave Worthington had told him "Gillie was representing Mr Mcann".
The trial continues.


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I've always found True Blood to be a delightfully silly television program. There's outrageous storylines mixed with terrific characters, fantastic amounts of gore and a liberal splash of nudity. Wonderful, Alcide-heavy nudity.
To be honest with you, vampires have never really been my thing. Back when I was a 13-year-old girl, I was into Jane Austen and serial killers. Far more sensible. Sure, I enjoyed Buffy and Angel when they came around, but I never truly got why the damned vampires were so damned popular. They're narcissistic murderers, people. They're banal hipsters with dentures and god complexes. And they're not even sexy... ooh, is that Eric Northman without a shirt?
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True Blood: Season 6
Supernatural soap opera True Blood returns with a bang, as our ragtag bunch of heroes bring the action back to Bon Temps. The Guide reviews.
So yes, True Blood has been the first vampire-based fictional show that I've really gotten behind, and partly that's because of the bloody viscera, but mostly because it's unashamedly proud about what it is: a fun, sexy, schlocky trashfest.
Season six has just begun, and like a vampire on a fairy, I'm ready to suck it right up. So I present to you the Fangs A Lot True Blood recap.
Episode 1: Who Are You, Really?
When we last left our intrepid gang of adventurers, Bill Compton had just risen, Terminator-style, from a pool of his own blood. He'd drunk all of hallucinogenic, non-canonical Biblical character Lilith's red stuff, which seemed to have given him strange new powers including roaring and wearing a blood bodysuit.
Eric and Sookie were able to join up with Pam, Tara, Nora, Jess and a rabid Jason to escape; Sookie using some of her precious fairy power to light a falling elevator. As the Vampire Authority burned to a cinder, they spotted Bill wandering through the flames like Hugo Weaving in V for Vendetta. Jess feels bad that they're abandoning her maker, but there's no time to waste, they must away to ... a pier, it seems.
Tensions break out when Nora is revealed as Eric's sister, Pam gets shirty, then Jason drops the Warlow bombshell and winds up with a gun in Nora's face. Once again Sookie backs up the vamps, much to Jason's chagrin. Well, it would be chagrin if he were in the least stable; as it is he has a massive tanty and runs off in a huff.
Now, it was a bit of a convenient plot device for Jason to hitch a lift with a spooky man who would obviously turn out to be Warlow, but then you realise OH MAN IT'S RUTGER EFFING HAUER.
Rutger Hauer, people. RUTGER HAUER. Casting Rutger Hauer as a hilariously camp big boss vampire is the best piece of casting since Rutger Hauer played the hilariously camp big boss vampire in the original Buffy the Vampire Slayer movie.
I mean, did you see his eyes? They were flickering and twitching like a doped-up candle. And that voice! Despite these warning signs, Jason proceeded to rattle off his life story, because he's not very bright. But he was emotional. And very pretty.
Meanwhile Sookie has driven Jess back to Bill's house, as he's called her there, and she's going nuts trying to resist the pull. They find Bill, looking all genteel-like, out on his porch like a proper southern gentleman. "I just want to talk," he implores.
Nora and Eric arrive but Bill dispatches the Gainsborough girl with ease, and is about to overpower Eric when Sookie stakes him from behind (oo-er). He tells them to get out, Jess tells them to get out, then Eric is all MOON MOON MOON SOOKIE YOU SAVED ME. Well, he was a bit more stoic than that, but in my fan fiction version where I play Sookie he's VERY emphatic.
Eric gives Sookie back her house using a time-honoured old lawyer's tradition of writing in blood (take that, lawyers). She then throws him out, saying she wants her life back, and he retreats automatically like a bad 80s video clip. How many times now has Sookie said she wants her life back? Like, 70 every episode? Because obviously bussing tables at Merlotte's is such a big career she's got to get back to.
We're introduced to a new character - the Louisiana mayor, or governor, or whatever he was. I can't remember his name, but he looked a lot like Walter White from Breaking Bad. He's willing to handover free reign of a bottling plant to the Tru Blood manufacturing people as long as he gets some campaign funding. Why he would need that when he's obviously doing so well out of the methamphetamine business is anyone's guess, but we need a Big Bad this season.
Oh, but I'm not the Big Bad, says Governor Walter, either cleverly undermining assumed TV arc tropes, or just flat out lying. He's certainly no friend to vampires, ordering them underground on a curfew and commandeering vampire-owned businesses. This happens exceedingly quickly, and a bunch of super-SWAT jocks burst in on Pam and Tara who were having a MOMENT, thank you very much. SWAT jock alpha blasts Tara with some laser-guided stun gun which implies that Governor Walter has been planning new tech for a while.
Sam Merlotte is once again the poor True Blood whipping puppy, whose sole job is to be emotionally walloped from Bon Temps to Shreveport every damn episode. That man is legally not allowed more than five minutes of happiness. He and Luna had done some kick ass Mission: Impossible work to find her daughter Emma, only for Luna to choke due to too much time skin-walking.
Covered in blood, Sam makes it back to Merlotte's to be confronted by a drunk Lafayette, who agrees to keep his location a secret. Lafayette always has the best lines, and telling Emma that he would do something about her hair - mere hours after her mother has died - was sublime.
Andy Bellefleur is having a hard time coming to terms with being a new dad to four fairy girl babies. Arlene gives him a good talking to, and then she and Terry walk him through a nappy change. Luckily though, nappies seem to be a one-night wonder, as the girls wake up the next morning as walking, talking toddlers. Ahh, the old "children-growing-up-really-quick" trick. Soap operas do it without excuses, but dramas have to find a reason. Luckily that's easy for supernatural shows. Think of Gabrielle's kid Hope in Xena: Warrior Princess, and Angel's kid Connor in Angel. Also, think about how many amazing things I could do if I turned my brain to analysing science or something instead of TV tropes.
Finally, Alcide has become pack master with the traditional "Gorging on the Corpse of Your Fallen Predecessor" ceremony. It's still infused with V, obviously, because Alcide goes a little wild out there in the woods.
Now I don't want Alcide to turn bad. Sure, he has a butt that could polish diamonds, but it was always his honour that was dead sexy. So I hope his newfound power doesn't go to his head, a la General Sherman in Bill's story to Jess.
I wasn't certain what to make of Bill - was he tricking Jess or was he genuinely confused? He certainly seemed surprised by the fact that he now appeared to be a magician with the power to stop glasses of water in mid-air. He probably would've tried to pull a rabbit from his sleeve if that trio of bloody Liliths hadn't have shown up. So, conscience-struggling Bill? Or playing-the-game power Bill?
How was True Blood's return for you? I look forward to your theories in the comments.
Gore level: Moderate. A nice shot of Sookie falling into gore at the burning Vampire Authority.
Pining for Sookie: Eric.
Who got nude? Alcide, his bitches (that's not sexist, they're female wolves, come on now), various Liliths and Bloody Bill Compton.


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im on the lookout for a good quality gas bbq grill
living in Ireland, unfortunetly my product range is quite limited. With that, ive pretty much whittled it down to these 2 grills
Broil King
The prices are very similar over here, the broil king would be slightly more expensive.
seeing as this is my first "proper" bbq, id like some advice if possible. And perhaps even some other suggestions.
any help would be great folks.


text: More on baseball matters tomorrow (Jack Wilson rumors are here! Jack Wilson rumors are here!), but I'd be remiss if I didn't link to this tremendous piece by Brian Mangan tracing the ownership path of Fred Wilpon. Simply terrific, and I'd have said that even if he didn't quote me near the end of his piece. A long piece you should take the time to read.


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Then the room request must go through the Facilities Use Approval Committee. A fee may be assessed to your request if it involves additional staff time (Physical Plant staff moving furniture or cleaning up food/beverage stains, Public Safety patrolling the campus for an event beyond building hours, etc.) Contact FUAC for more information.
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© University of Washington Bothell Privacy | Terms


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You won't be able to dismiss this by usual means (escape or click button), but you can close it programatically based on user choices or actions.
"I loved having the ability to choose up to 4 photos since we took so many for our engagement shoot, yet they were organized in a way they still made it look simple and tasteful! Being able to choose colors that matched was great, as well as writing a detailed message on the back! Also, saving on postcard postage was definitely a huge plus!!!"
"I was looking for something different because we are having a cocktail party as a reception. I thought it was a great idea and they were super cute coasters"
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CROWDS gathered to light up the night sky over Worcester in honour of brave little Charlie Harris-Beard who lost his battle with leukaemia.
Chinese lanterns filled the air as people continued to celebrate the life of the inspirational two-year-old from Kidderminster by releasing illuminations from the banks of the river Severn by Café Severn, Grandstand Road.
The spectacle was organised by friends, family and people, known as Charlie's Army, whose lives were touched by the toddler.
Writing on the Help save baby Charlie Harris-Beard Facebook page, which has more than 51,700 'likes', Lauren Wilson said: "Light up the sky little soldier! xxxxxxxxx You will be the brightest star shining:)xxxxxx"
Sarah Isneva Goode wrote: "The world will be lit up for you Charlie !! Charlie's Army are gunna do you proud !! Xxxx"
And Sarah Marsh added: "It's going to be magical Charlie :0) just like you xxxx"
His supporters are continuing their work to help raise awareness of Cords4Life, the charity set up by his parents Fiona Harris and Joe Beard, with the Crown pub at Wychbold, near Droitwich, holding a fund-raising family fun day on Saturday, February 23 and variety of organisations backing a bid to collect plastic bottle tops to be recycled.


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In this Article:
♪ Understanding Motor Oils
♫ Understanding Classification and Nomenclature
♪♫ How to Wisely chose between the Manufacturers given numbers
♫♫ Differences between Mineral and Syntetic Oils, and types of Syntetics
♫♪♫ and Much More!
Motor Oils, Basically Does all these Things:
► First: Engine Oil stops all the Metal surfaces in your Engine from Grinding together and Shearing themselves from Friction, by Lubricating its internals.
► Second: Engine Oil transferes the Heat away from the Combustion cycle.
► Third: Engine Oil must also be able to Hold in Suspension all the Nasty by-products of combustion, such as Silica (silicon oxide) and Acids, also External contamination, such as Dust.
► Fourth: Engine Oil minimises the Exposure to Oxygen and thus prevents Oxidation at Higher temperatures.
It does all of these things under Tremendous Heat and Pressure...
Part one: the Proper Viscosity & Thickness
(SAE Grade) Recommended for your engine.
SAE = Means a Standard of the Society of Automotive Engineers.
Remember: The viscosity of a fluid describes its resistance to flow. Heavyweighted fluids such as honey have high viscosity and flow very slowly, while Lightweighted fluids such as water have a low viscosity and flow much faster under the same conditions & temperatures. But in the Motor oil World, Viscosity is somewhat confused with Thickness, and those are two different things with different meanings.
☼ Viscosity depends strongly on temperature and is a major factor in the Flow of the oils. In example, the specification "10W~30" ("W" means "winter") in a motor oil means the viscosity of the oil at 0º C (32º F) is no more than 3.1 poise while the viscosity at 100º C (212º F) is no less than 0.1 poise.
☼ Thickness of the oil is about the oil Barrier it could lay, between moving metallic parts to prevent Shearing; not about the Flow. It is the "cushion" that bears the friction between metal parts, the thicker number means thicker "cushion".
Obviously, hot oil will flow better than cold oil.
► Multigrade oils have the ability to get Thicker Molecules with heat to compensate their fluid's weight reduction due to heat exposure; in example: A 10W~30 Oil will behave as a grade "10" oil does at Ambient Temperatures, and will become thicker and behave as a grade "30" oil does on heat, when the engine reaches its normal operating temps.
So those oils with a "W" on their SAE Grade, are "Multigrade" Oils, (W for Winter times) their first number on their SAE grade is the "cool temperatures" number: Thinner oil helps to the engine's oil pump to move the oil faster during cold starts when engine is Cool and thus means less shearing by friction during cold starts. But the Oil's molecules will become thicker with heat, so the same oil will behave as the Second Number, intended for "hot temperatures" on their SAE Grade, when the engine Reaches its Normal operating Temps, in order to have enough protective oil film "Cushion" between moving metal parts and prevent shearing.
Want to learn How the Oil "Thickness" protective layer prevents Shearing on your Engine? ... Download the .pdf file document at the Bottom of this Page, you can see tests' results with Photos on it.
That oil barrier thickness increases with Heat due to the Polymers that where added to the Oil, those absorb temperatures; also Thinner Oils will increase the Oil Pressure on the engine and that is really needed on Cold Starts, to help the Oil to Reach the Farther engine's places, Faster.
How do Multigrade oils get Thicker with heat?
The answer was given by Mobil 1:
"Multi–viscosity oils contains polymers called viscosity modifiers and these polymers act to thicken an oil as it heats up in order to provide the hightemperature viscosity as in the case of a 5W-30, the 30 grade high temperature viscosity. When these molecules cool they coil up and reduce their thickening properties to give you the low temperature starting and pumping viscosity of 5W oil. That is how the oil can act as a 5W-(low temperature) 30 (high temperature) multi-viscosity oil."
Here: ~► http://www.mobiloil....icker_Oils.aspx
► Monograde Oils (Single SAE Number) will not vary at all and will behave the same at all the temperatures' range; unless it becomes Very hot, when its Thickness 'Could be' Reduced, it is known as "Oil Break Down"... (more noticeable on Cheap brands with poor Quality) ...That is the inverse situation and could be Harmful for a Very Hot Operating or for an Overheating Engine: That oil under that conditions could Lost its main Lubricating Properties.
I Really advice against the use of Monograde oils on Cars, because they Won't flow properly on Cold Starts, remember: Those parts that worns faster inside the Engine are those parts that doesn't get Oil fast enough with Proper Pressure; so a Multigrade Oil will Reduce both the Time working without Oil on Cold Starts and the low Pressure.
Monograde oils could still be good for Power Plants, 18 wheels' trucks, etc... But Not ideal for a Car's engine. Keep the Proper SAE Grade in Mind when you Buy your Next Oil.
Be Careful with the Viscosity Grade!
The Oil Pumps only creates flow, not Pressure; the Pressure exists due to the Resistance on the engine's internals to such Flow; and the hydrodynamic film strength is what prevents metal to metal Shearing.
A thicker oil will increase oil pressure in any engine, but only to a point, due to the Oil Pressure Relief Valve that will simply route oil back to the pan after Reaching certain pressure on the System.
So, since Pressure is resistance to flow, a 20W~50 motor Oil will increase pressure, but it means that it does not flow as well through the bearings nor to the top of the motor, causing the Low Pressure problems, let me explain:
Considering that a 20W~50 oil is 3 to 4 times thicker cold than a 5W~30, when a Cold engine is Started, there will be Restricted oil Flow where it is needed the Most: the oil relief valve will Cut the flow further by opening at the higher pressure and dumping oil back into the pan.
In some engines it will take Longer for the oil to get to the cam shafts, and the Small diameter hole in the middle does not facilitate the Flowing to the high viscosity oil. Since the oil flows from Front to Rear on the cam shafts, it is going to take the last Cylinder valves the Longest to get the oil Flow Needed. The oil squirters spray pattern on the cylinder walls will degrade with a high viscosity oil, especially in cold conditions.
While a thinner motor oil keeps the pressure in the upper engine, because the pressure is less than the oil relief valve's top pressure, and the system gets well presurized faster.
Part Two: The Motor Oil's Quality.
The American Petroleum institute API Has Two ways to classify Motor Oils: the Gasoline Motor Oils are clasified under the "S" Letter (From "Spark" combustion engine) While Diesel engine oil is clasified under the "C" Letter (From "Compresor" Combustion engine)
The API has a program to certify that the Motor oils, meets the strict Performance and quality standards put in place by the OEM. The Service Rating is shown in the API "Service Seal" on the product label, that may look like one of these examples:
So, The letter that follows the "S" or the "C" will let you know if the Additives Package (Detergents, Dispersants, Stabilizers, etc... ) is Better or Worse for your application. Any Letter from "A" to "Z" could be next to the "S" or "C" Letter, the more Newer Classification will place a higher Letter there, as Follows:
GASOLINE motor oils must read as Follows:
- SA = Early -older- motor Oils, Very Basic and without any Additive. (then the classification continued with: SB, SC, SD, SE, SF, SG, SH... etc...)
- SN = Very Recent Classification, includes a Complete Additive Package for Gasoline Engines under the APi Norm.
DIESEL motor oils must read as Follows:
- CF = -or any other Letter instead the "F" like "H", etc.- (Could have a Number 2 or 4 Next to it) The CF or CF-4 are for regular Four Stroke Diesel engines, while CF-2 oils are for especial Two Stroke Diesel engines.
Beware of those Cheap oils, usually with unknown brand, due to their Lowest quality, in example this one, despite of being "Made in Usa" is the worst thing to happen to any engine, besides of running out of oil:
► Important Note: if a DIESEL Motor Oil has, Beside its CF or CG or CH Diesel oil APi classification, any "S" Classification, you could pour it also on a Gasoline Engine, and those kind of oils are commonly known as "Fleet Oils" ... in fact I've been using 15W~40 Fleet Oil from Chevron, the "Delo 400" since many years ago in my Wife's EFi car, with excellent results, because those kind of oils has a very High value of Zinc, which is really needed to prevent wear, especially in older engines, while a Standard "Gasoline Only" motor oil, might comply with the same APi Class, but lacking the needed Zinc additive.
But if the Diesel Motor Oil Doesn't have any "S" (such like SL or SH or SM) APi Classification, then Avoid pouring it onto ANY Gasoline engine, those are "Diesel-Only" motor oils.
I Kindly Suggest you to Check ANY Motor oil to see if it has the Round Seal from the API ... as the above posted Examples. And the Proper SAE Grade inside that Seal's Circle.
If you Pour a "Diesel Only" Oil in a Gasoline Engine, it could be somehow Harmful for the Gasoline Engine, due to the lack of the especific additives for this kind of engine; While the Diesel Oils which also carries the gasoline motor oil Additives Pack included, (usually known as "Fleet" Oils) are Very Good and Outstanding Oils for Gasoline Engines, they also add "Zinc" to the Additive pack, that normally a "Gasoline-Only" motor oil, lack to have.
On the Other Hand: if you Pour just "Gasoline only" Non-diesel motor oil on a Diesel engine, the Oil will be Blackened almost inmediately and will fail for Proper Lubrication and Protection of the Metallic Surfaces, Beside other malfunctions; because the Gasoline oil will absorb the Harmful particles that Diesel Combustion filter to the oil and it couldn't manage those, because Gasoline Motor Oils aren't intended for such contamination.
The newest Service category Rating for Gasoline engines in 2012 model year cars and light trucks is "SN"
The API SN rating is equivalent to the new GF-5 oil rating by the International Lubricant Standardization and Approval Committee "ILSAC" the new SN and GF-5 rated motor oils are backward compatible and can be used in any older engines.
For Diesel engines, The current category is "CJ-4" (introduced in 2007 for newer diesels that have exhaust gas recirculation). The previous CI-4 (2002), CH-4 (1998) CG-4 (1995) and CF-4 (1990) categories all can be used in older four-stroke diesel engines. CF-2 (1994) is the API classification for two-stroke Diesels.
Part Three: Synthetic Motor Oils.
Synthetic Motor Oil... It's a confusing topic, and there's a lot of Rhetoric, largely Because some Manufacturers and Peddlers of Synthetics have made a lot of inaccurate and self-serving claims over the years. Some, actually a lot, of this Rhetoric is pretty Strident and Opinionated.
The problem that Most People encounter when switching a High Mileage car to Synthetic Oils, is due to the Detergents in the synthetic oil.
The conventional oil "Gunk" accumulates Around the Gaskets and other Places, often times preventing leaks... The Synthetic oil begins to Remove this "Gunk" and things like Oil Pan Gaskets, Main Seals, and Valve Cover Gaskets, start to Leak oil.
Now there are "High Mileage" Syntetic motor oils, so the Leakage problem could be, somehow, controlled ... ... But another thing to Consider is, Based on your Car's year model and type of cam / lifter configuration... a Roller Cam system works fine with Synthetic oil; However, with the removal of Zinc from Engine Oils over the last few years, many Flat Tappet Cams have been unhappy with this change.
Most Synthetic oils Doesn't contain Enough Zinc and are Not additive friendly ... ...(that is the reason why I preffer Diesel + Gasoline -fleet- Motor Oils: They do have Zinc, as I stated above).
Briefly, there are Two Types of "synthetic" Oils on the market.
► Group IV oils consist of Molecules that are synthesized from simpler chemical compounds. This lets the Chemical Engineers to "tune" the characteristics of a lubricant to exact specifications.
These oils are "Fully Syntetic" and flows more Freely at extreme Low temperatures and don't Break Down at very High temperatures; also they generally can be specified one or two grades Lighter than a mineral oil, which consumes less energy and saves Fuel. (Energy Conserving Oils)
► Group III Oils are made from Reprocessed petroleum products normally left over after making Crude oil into Gasoline, Diesel fuel, Heating oil and other products... so they're "Half Syntetic" oils, or Syntetic Blends.
They're more modestly priced and have many of the desirable characteristics of the higher-priced Spread. In much of the World outside the USA, Group III-based lubricants are not allowed to be marketed as "synthetic."
Don't assume that if is a Synthetic Oil, it is so Good... (Read: very Expensive) ...that you don't need to Change it as often. The base lubricant may be way Better, but the Additive package... (which can be as Much as 25 percent of the Volume of the Product in a Bottle) ...can still Become Exhausted, especially if you drive on Dirty / Muddy \ Dusty enviroments, due to Oil Contamination.
Also: Unburned Fuel, Partially Burned Hydrocarbons, Atmospheric Dirt, Metal Wear Particles and Blowby Carbon Particles will Build Up just as fast in a Synthetic-Lubricated engine as in one with petroleum-based oil ... ...
The Only Way to Remove all that dirt & contamination is to Drain and Replace the oil.
I've always recommended 3000-Mile oil Change intervals in offroading driving conditions, despite if you run Synthetic oil or not, and much more extended mileage for City Drivers.
So, with that facts in Mind, To switch to Syntetic motor oils on older engines intended for the Average Driving needs, does Not make any sense; Those syntetic oils are Better for Newer engines... (with Closer tolerances and better PCV systems which keep their oils Cleaner) ...or when the Car is build for Race or Special purposses; but otherwise if you offroad frequently, or drive in dirty enviromants, you'll be Wasting a lot of Money unnecesary, because you'll need to Drain the Oil around each 3000 Miles to keep the Oil with proper Lubrication and the Engine internals safely clean.
Part Four: Motor Oil Flush.
Prior to change your old oil, if you want to switch from a mineral oil to a synthetic oil, I kindly Suggest to use a Motor Oil Flush Cleaner in high mileage engines, especially if you use your car for Offroading purposses or drive in very dirty enviroments. I use this from Motul on my BumbleBeast's Weberized EA82 engine, because I Drive it very Hard, 40% off-Roading (on weekends) and 60% in City Streets (is my Daily Driver), it keeps the tiny oil passages, especially those on the Hydraulic Lifters, very clean.
It is Amazing how many Mud, sludge and Dirt those Cleaners could Remove from the Engine, especially if you has never used one and the engine has high mileage. You only need to pour a Bottle to the Old oil Just before changing it, and let the engine idle for ten Minutes... (Follow the Directions on the Motor Flush Bottle, it might vary on Different Brands) ...then Flush the old Oil, change the old oil filter, pour fresh oil and Voilá!
But I Kindly Suggest you to Not do such Detergent Flush frequently; if you do this cleansing too often, some seals could suffer a leak due to several reasons which includes: Attack from chemical agents and / or too much Gunk removed. If you Drain your engine's old Oil on a Regular Basis and use good quality oil, there shall not be needed a Chemical Motor Flush, in theory ... but every some years / high mileage isn't bad at all, and could aid to the engine's longevity while keepin' the internals and tiny oil passages / hydraulic lifters more clean.
I Hope this Writeup will Help you to determine which motor oil is the best for your engine, because Motor oils Shall not be Choosen by Brand nor Marketing, but by the API Classification and SAE Grade considering the Specific Application where they're Needed and the temperatures where they shall work.
You must choose between the specs given by the manufacturer for Oil Viscosity, and also chose the Additive Pack that best fit your Engine's age & design, your Kind of Driving and the Climate of the World's area where you Live; so the Smart choice is always to choose the better motor oil to Achieve the proper Balance between flow, needed additive pack and usage, because a very Low Viscosity motor oil will help you to save Gas (Energy Conserving) also will Help in Cold Starts in Cold Climates, but will worn faster the engine's internals on Hot Climates than a High Viscosity motor oil; but if you go too High, the low flow pressure during cold starts on Cold Climates will worn things faster too, and newer API Classifications, such like "SN" does Not carry enough Zinc to be safe on Older engines, such like the Subaru EA series of engines, in such case a "Fleet Oil" with enough Zinc is Highly recommended, es explained above.
That is the Reason Why car makers put some different Oil Viscosity Numbers to choose from, on their User's Manual; the Lower Viscosity oils are suitable for Winter times or Cold Climates, while the Higher Viscosity Oils are suitable for Summer Times or Hot Climates.
In example, these are Scans of my 1983 Subaru Owner's Manual:
Here in this case, you can notice that the Lower Viscosity motor Oil (5W~30) is Not recommended for Sustained High Speeds, nor for Turbo Engines; only for Severe Cold Winter times; the reason is that said SAE number is a lower viscosity oil which will not fight enough the shearing on Turbo engines, nor on conventional engines during Hot Climates, or sustained high speeds in this particular EA engines.
However, Newer engines with closer tolerances usually "Needs" lower viscosity numbers and thus explain the need of SAE grades such like 0W~20 in example... If you pour higher viscosity number on those Newer engines, the oil will not Flow as intended, nor reach the pressure and areas where is needed, so pouring a High viscosity numbered oil could be Dangerous in certain cases.
Always follow the Manufacturer's given numbers, and chose Wisely.
I Found an important Document which have a Professional Oil Test, done between some Different oil Brands and between Petroleum Based Oils and Synthetic Oils; they compare the Wear from Shearing on a metallic part after the Test, using each Brand of Oil with same procedures for all; it has Pictures, so you can Easily "See" which oil has the Worse (weak) protective cushion / Film Layer and which oil has Better (Stronger) Protective cushion / Film Layer, between metallic moving parts, so you can better have a better idea.
You can Download the Document, a .pdf File with less than 5 Mb, Here:
~► http://www.mediafire...lrm2am5vaxk2wob
Finally, if you find useful information on my article,
Please let me know by hitting the "Like" Button,
Kind Regards.
Edited by Loyale 2.7 Turbo, 26 August 2015 - 09:22 AM.
To add the Download Link ;)


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As of the beginning of September 2012, the advertisement of Atlas of Creation written by the famous author Harun Yahya was available on London Buses for a two weeks time under the topic "MODERN SCIENCE DEMONSTRATES THAT GOD EXISTS". The advertisement was so impressive that it attracted great attention.
2012-09-23 04:48:09


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Want to know who made the top twenty of Hollywood's sexiest ladies and gents? We reveal the crème de la crème of our list here. Or check out how the gals fared with our countdown of the top 50 sexiest female stars.
50. Colin Farrell
There's something wounded and haunted about most of Colin Farrell's characters. Even if they're outwardly cheeky and confident, there's a depth and a dark side that's never far away, giving all his characters a little something extra. Bonus points too for those big soulful eyes and expressive eyebrows.
SEXIEST ROLE: In his recent films, we think his Douglas Quaid in Total Recall might be a good shout (film quality aside). Further back, we've never forgotten Danny's sharp suits in Minority Report. STROKE OF CHARM: He discussed naked mud wrestling and being attacked by nether-regions on Conan.
49. Nicolaj Coster-Waldau
Thank goodness for Game Of Thrones. If not for HBO's fantasy behemoth we might never have learned about Coster-Waldau, who's overcome the fact that his character is incestuous and (latterly) one-handed to become one of the show's breakout stars. He's built on that with Mama and Headhunters, and now seems poised for Hollywood domination. Bring it on, frankly.
SEXIEST ROLE: On the big screen it's Headhunters, where his extreme handsomeness and great suits drive Aksel Hennie's Roger Brown out of his mind with jealousy. STROKE OF CHARM: On what his sisters think of his role as Jaime Lannister.
48. Denzel Washington
Despite being a two-time Oscar winner and leading man for over 20 years, Denzel Washington isn't really the Hollywood type. He – like the characters he often excels in – is more the down-to-Earth, stay-at-home type, and it's that steadiness of purpose and good sense that makes him all the more awesome.
SEXIEST ROLE: Lt. Commander Ron Hunter in Crimson Tide. We love a man in uniform. STROKE OF CHARM: Initially amusing and then inspiring speech at the University of Pennsylvania.
47. Mark Ruffalo
Poor Mark Ruffalo is the lowest-placed Avenger (unless you count his alter-ego Hulk, who didn't make the cut) but we doubt he's too upset. The loveably crumpled, environmentally aware and thoroughly down-to-earth star has far bigger fish to fry, between campaigning to outlaw fracking and returning to Avengers 2 as Bruce Banner once more.
SEXIEST ROLE: He's wildly loveable in 13 Going On 30, and befuddled but brilliant in this summer's Now You See Me. STROKE OF CHARM: His reaction to the "Science Bros" meme which pairs Banner and Tony Stark in a (possibly sexual) relationship.
46. Tom Cruise
As much as people like to gossip about his personal life and beliefs, let's get one thing clear: Tom Cruise is cool. He's an insanely huge mega-star, a thrill-seeking daredevil who lives to climb high things and race fast things and, by all accounts, a caring and charismatic guy who goes out of his way to be nice to fans.
SEXIEST ROLE: Mission: Impossible's Ethan Hunt, who stays impossibly agile even after 20 years in the spy game, but an honourable mention to Stacee Jaxx and his assless chaps. STROKE OF CHARM: Here he is, about to get wet.
45. Daniel Radcliffe
As the star of one of the biggest franchises ever, you'd forgive Daniel Radcliffe for being at least a tiny bit of a diva. And yet he's one of the nicest, most down-to-Earth men in show business, hard-working and apparently near egoless. Now that Potter's behind him and he's proven himself onstage on and with The Woman In Black, we look forward to seeing what he does next.
SEXIEST ROLE: We suspect it's going to be Horns, but since that isn't out yet, we're going to have to choose The Woman In Black because suggesting Harry Potter feels wrong. STROKE OF CHARM: He can sing The Elements.
44. Viggo Mortensen
He's like a one-man United Nations. As well as speaking about eleventy billion languages, Mortensen has made films all over the world and unites the film industries of Spain, the US and Middle-earth. He also writes poetry and paints – ladies?
SEXIEST ROLE: It's tempting to just say Aragorn, but let's mix it up and suggest A History Of Violence's Tom Stall. STROKE OF CHARM: The story of his last day on The Lord Of The Rings is kind of adorable.
43. Colin Firth
If self-deprecation is an artform, Colin Firth is its Michelangelo. One of the great joys of seeing him win an Oscar for his fantastic turn in The King's Speech was watching Firth's outrageously humble and amusing speeches at a variety of awards shows. But the sad fact is, we don't believe a word of them. He's really that great.
SEXIEST ROLE: It is, and forever will be, TV's Mr Darcy. We pause here for a moment to pay tribute to that wet shirt. STROKE OF CHARM: That Oscar acceptance speech.
42. James Franco
He's a poet, a student, a director, a comedian, an artist and generally the busiest man in Hollywood. It's hard to remember the days when James Franco was just a teen heartthrob type; now he's turning his hand to everything. Just don't ask him to host the Oscars, and you should be fine.
SEXIEST ROLE: Springbreakers – JUST KIDDING. Try Will in Rise Of The Planet Of The Apes: he's handsome, he's smart and he has chimps in his house! STROKE OF CHARM: He's Between Two Ferns!
41. Jude Law
As Jude Law ages (slightly) his handsomeness levels have shifted from blinding to merely overwhelming, and it's only helping him tackle more interesting roles and have a bit more fun in life. We can also tell you, based on his visit to Empire for a webchat earlier this year, that he smells absolutely great.
SEXIEST ROLE: From his recent stuff, it has to be John Watson in Sherlock Holmes – for the magnificent moustache alone. STROKE OF CHARM: Here he is, reading the lyrics to Poker Face.
40. Alan Rickman
World-weariness, a biting wit and a withering way with sarcasm can, it turns out, be crazy hot. Alan Rickman remains a perennial favourite in these votes (note that he is the second highest-placed Potter alum, behind only Pattinson) and that's because he's a classy gent.
SEXIEST ROLE: If you like Nice Alan, Truly Madly Deeply. If you prefer Manic Alan, try Robin Hood: Prince Of Thieves. Or for Classy Evil Alan, it has to be Die Hard. STROKE OF CHARM: Here he is, singing in French.
39. Jensen Ackles
Technically, he's a film star because of My Bloody Valentine and the like, but let's be real: Ackles is here because Supernatural's Dean Winchester is one of the most compellingly complicated and searingly hot characters ever to grace a screen big or small. His best friend is an angel and he drives a cool car, but that's just a bonus.
SEXIEST ROLE: Dean Winchester, a monster hunter so hot he doesn't really need the lighter to salt-and-burn his prey. STROKE OF CHARM: Eye Of The Tiger. This man has no shame.
38. Martin Freeman
There's a facebook group which suggests that Martin Freeman is made of "jam, kittens and rage". That seems about right: he's simultaneously intensely likeable and a bit cuddly while also having hidden, dark depths. It makes him the perfect foil for Benedict Cumberbatch's Sherlock Holmes, but also the ideal Bilbo and, increasingly, a sex symbol in his own right.
SEXIEST ROLE: Tim from The Office, on the small screen, or John from Love Actually on the big, what with him being mostly naked and on a porn set. STROKE OF CHARM: He was a delight in our Hobbit podcast interview.
37. Aidan Turner
The young, hot dwarf in The Hobbit's company has played just about every supernatural beastie going, up to and including a Romantic poet. And no wonder: he's far too handsome to be an honest-to-goodness human being. There must have been some sort of mistake.
SEXIEST ROLE: Probably Mitchell in Being Human, with an honourable mention for Kili in The Hobbit and a nod of acknowledgement to The Mortal Instruments' one redeeming feature, Turner's Luke Garroway. So that's a vampire, a dwarf and a werewolf then. STROKE OF CHARM: Here's a video where he apparently looks like an otter.
36. Andrew Garfield
Witty, profoundly self-deprecating, genuinely funny and a little bit of a geek – what's not to love about Andrew Garfield? The Social Network saw him break through in Hollywood, but it was his turn as a simultaneously cocky-yet-unsure Spider-Man and his sizzling chemistry with Emma Stone's Gwen Stacy that cemented his appeal.
SEXIEST ROLE: We're still not over his role in Never Let Me Go, but that's too sad to be sexy so let's say The Social Network, for the endless nice suits. STROKE OF CHARM: Dancing for charity.
35. Jake Gyllenhaal
Hollywood born and bred, Gyllenhaal had Paul Newman to teach him to drive and only got cooler from there. With those supernaturally blue eyes, the body of an action hero and the sensibilities of a '70s character actor, he's only getting more interesting as he gets older.
SEXIEST ROLE: The doomed love affair in Brokeback Mountain sees Gyllenhaal at his most heartbreaking, so we have to go for that. STROKE OF CHARM: If you can find a video that works, we recommend googling "Jake Gyllenhaal SNL And I Am Telling You". Otherwise, consider this story of his 30th birthday.
34. Karl Urban
He first thundered onto the consciousness of the world outside New Zealand as Eomer in The Lord Of The Rings, looking all heroic and just a little bit rough. Lately he's been taking over sci-fi, with Dredd finally giving 2000 AD's finest the film he deserved and Star Trek seeing Urban prove he's the real McCoy as Kirk's conscience. If there's a third film, please ensure he gets more to do.
SEXIEST ROLE: We're calling it for Bones. Dredd never takes his hat off and Eomer needs conditioner STROKE OF CHARM: Bradley Cooper may speak good French, but Karl Urban speaks German.
33. George Clooney
When Clooney won his Supporting Actor Oscar for Syriana, Jon Stewart quipped, "That's the kind of thing that could get a man laid. How much more do you need?!" Well-dressed, supremely talented in acting, writing and directing, suave, funny and socially conscious, he's basically a walking rebuke to every other man alive.
SEXIEST ROLE: Fantastic Mr. Fox. What? He's adorable. STROKE OF CHARM: This interview.
32. Lee Pace
Pace is maybe the least famous person on this list, despite being a delight in Pushing Daisies and stealing scenes as Garrett in the Twilight finale (admittedly, not that hard when you've got good hair and the Cullens are stuck with those wigs). Now he's in The Hobbit, expect him to go stellar pretty darn fast – if, that is, he can get past his own blond fright wig.
SEXIEST ROLE: There's the piano player in Miss Pettigrew Lives For A Day, the wounded stuntman in The Fall or the aforementioned veggie vampire; take your pick. Just, please, not Fernando Wood from Lincoln. STROKE OF CHARM: All this, and he can sing.
31. Leonardo DiCaprio
This summer saw Leonardo DiCaprio play the gilded, gorgeous Jay Gatsby to wide acclaim, and on some levels it seemed like he was playing himself: well-dressed, rich, gorgeous, surrounded by beautiful women. But DiCaprio's more talented than Gatsby, more moral (witness his environmental work) and less self-destructive, thank goodness.
SEXIEST ROLE: For some, it will always be '90s Leo, in Titanic and Romeo + Juliet. But right now it's probably Gatsby, for the impeccable weekend attire and slicked hair. STROKE OF CHARM: Anyone noticed just how many memes DiCaprio has inspired? The "strutting" one is probably the funniest.
30. Alexander Skarsgard
Poor Sweden. A glut of smart, complex thrillers had finally convinced us that maybe the country wasn't just full of tall, blond sex-objects, and then Alexander Skarsgard hit screens in True Blood and the entire nation was once again reduced to a shallow, sexy stereotype.
SEXIEST ROLE: In films, he's adorable in What Maisie Knew as stepfather to a small girl, but there's just no getting past Eric the Vampire in True Blood, slinking about Louisiana like he owns it. STROKE OF CHARM: Here he is whipping up the crowd for his team at a Swedish football match.
29. Ewan McGregor
That grin, so infectious that the CDC should probably take a look, is at the heart of McGregor's appeal. There's a fair argument, in fact, that if he'd smiled more in the Star Wars prequels we could have overlooked the whole Jar Jar thing. In any case, the Scot's perennial appeal shows little sign of fading, and his acting's only getting better – witness The Impossible for proof.
SEXIEST ROLE: So many profoundly wrong possible answers here: the junkie, the Vatican priest, the robot. Let's keep it clean and suggest man's man, ladies man and man-about-town Catcher Block in Down With Love. STROKE OF CHARM: This anecdote about Revenge Of The Sith, for "Aunt Peru" if nothing else.
28. Orlando Bloom
The once and future Legolas has taken a break from big-screen leading roles in the last couple of years – but clearly he's still very much in your hearts. Perhaps it's his daredevil ways, which have seen him break nearly as many bones as Jackie Chan. Or maybe it's his Errol Flynn-like fighting style, or his ability to swing both lustrous locks and sword with equal élan. It's probably just his perfect looks though.
SEXIEST ROLE: A tough call, but let's go for Legolas, because if he can manage sex appeal with that hair, he's got to be hot indeed. STROKE OF CHARM: They're taking the Hobbits to Isengard, apparently.
27. Joseph Gordon-Levitt
Arguably the coolest person on this list, Gordon-Levitt is a bit of a rock star. But not the sort who smashes guitars onstage; more the kind who wears skinny jeans and has a working knowledge of Kerouac. A music producer and film director as well as one of the better actors around, growing up to be Bruce Willis is the least we expect.
SEXIEST ROLE: The fake nose keeps Looper out of contention, so we're going to stick with Inception, for the three-piece suit and ice-cool attitude. STROKE OF CHARM: Here he is on Sesame Street.
26. Ryan Reynolds
One day, Ryan Reynolds will star in a film that's as good as his interviews and the world will be better for it. In the meantime, his mega-watt charm, perfect six-pack and insane handsomeness will continue to sustain the fan-faithful, while they wait for a script with lines to fit his smart-ass delivery.
SEXIEST ROLE: It could have been Wade Wilson / Deadpool if not for that appalling experimentation twist, so let's go with Definitely, Maybe. STROKE OF CHARM: His feud with Betty White is endearing.
25. Mads Mikkelsen
You sick puppies; we're pretty sure Mads Mikkelsen is here because of his so-hot-right-now role as Hannibal Lecter on TV. There he plays a sophisticate, an aesthete, a gourmet – oh, and a serial killer. But the fine young cannibal has played a Bond villain, a queen's lover and a mute Viking warrior with equal aplomb, all helped by those razor cheekbones and intense eyes.
SEXIEST ROLE: Sorry, Hannibal fans, but it's his warrior, Tristan, in King Arthur, rocking vaguely Japanese armour and a pet hawk like a rock star. STROKE OF CHARM: He used to be a gymnast and then a dancer.
24. Daniel Craig
The first billion-dollar Bond looks as good in swimming trunks as he does in a tuxedo (which is saying quite a lot), and gives the role an edge of menace and melancholy that has made the spy more popular than ever. But it's more than this: if Her Majesty trusts him enough to jump out of a helicopter with him alongside, who are we to quibble with his appeal?
SEXIEST ROLE: Bond, James Bond, jumping onto a train as the carriage behind him is ripped away and calmly adjusting his cuffs as he does so. You have to love a man with confidence like that. STROKE OF CHARM: It turns out he's a big Eurovision / Celine Dion fan.
23. Channing Tatum
We already knew about the dance ability and the aw-shucks charm. What has only become clear in the last couple of years, however, is that Channing Tatum is multi-talented, working with Soderbergh, moving into production and proving that he's really, really funny in 21 Jump Street. What? You didn't notice? You were too busy perving over Magic Mike, weren't you?
SEXIEST ROLE: At the risk of being obvious, Magic Mike. That opening number to Ginuwine's Pony left most of the cinema gaping. STROKE OF CHARM: All this, and he can poke fun at himself.
22. Gerard Butler
Gerard Butler was back in action-mode for the first time in what felt like ages for Olympus Has Fallen earlier this year, and it reminded us all how much we like him when he's kicking ass and taking names. Now a producer as well as a leading man, Butler's star is still in the ascendant...
SEXIEST ROLE: Leonidas, tragically cursed with a serious allergy to clothes and an addiction to doing sit-ups. STROKE OF CHARM: Remember when he sat with Bradley Cooper at the Wimbledon Men's Singles final this year and they took selfies and went mental?
21. Jeremy Renner
The Hurt Locker brought Renner to the limelight after years of supporting roles, and suddenly he was everywhere. He did the suave spy thing in Mission: Impossible, the more brutal operative schtick in The Bourne Legacy and then he cemented the whole thing as Hawkeye, the cool, quiet member of the Avengers in the sleeveless top.
SEXIEST ROLE: Hawkeye – the strong and silent type. For the record, however, this only holds when he's not being possessed by an alien entity. STROKE OF CHARM: He likes dogs.
20. Christian Bale
He's not going to be the funniest or lightest guy around (except maybe in Gotham) but Christian Bale compensates with a scorching intensity that makes him searingly hot. Whether fighting dragons, mastering magic tricks or outwitting the Joker, he can do it all, and then disappear off into the sunset to re-emerge in a Florence café.
SEXIEST ROLE: Why fight the obvious? It's Batman / Bruce Wayne. STROKE OF CHARM: Look how adorable he was as a kid! And boy, that mid-Atlantic accent goes back a long way.
19. Brad Pitt
Genuine question: has there been a "sexiest" list, anywhere in the world, since Thelma & Louise came out that has not featured William Bradley Pitt somewhere upon it? We doubt it. That's because he's insanely, outrageously handsome, pleasantly deep-voiced, apparently cultured (check out his eternal love of architecture), clearly charitable and perfectly paired with one of the coolest women alive.
SEXIEST ROLE: For the suits alone, it's the Ocean's films' Rusty. STROKE OF CHARM: How about his inexplicable but delightful cameo here?
18. Richard Armitage
Richard Armitage should really be here for North & South, but our guess is that it's Robin Hood fans and Hobbit lovers who gave him this spot. That makes him, officially, Middle-earth's sexiest dwarf (indeed, denizen), and it's all thanks to eyes like ice chips and one of those voices that bypasses the higher parts of the brain and goes straight for the instinctive bits.
SEXIEST ROLE: On the big screen, it's Thorin Oakenshield, on a quest to free his homeland from a giant lizard. On the small screen, we'll go with the fan consensus and hand it to Robin Hood's Guy of Gisbourne. STROKE OF CHARM: He's actually the tallest of The Hobbit's cast, and seems to rather enjoy playing short.
17. Tom Hardy
The reason Tom Hardy is so dang attractive is because he combines a bull-like exterior with a gooey, big-hearted interior – at least onscreen. Consider Warrior's wounded Tommy, Tinker Tailor's Ricki or even The Dark Knight Rises' Bane: all big scary men hiding secret love stories. In Lawless, he even managed to make a ratty grey cardigan look good, which suggests there's no stopping this sex appeal.
SEXIEST ROLE: Well, if you don't mind the quality of the film then he looks pretty awesome in This Means War. Alternatively, check out the suits in Inception. STROKE OF CHARM: Here he is, rapping on behalf of his baby son.
16. James McAvoy
Sorry, Sir Sean. Goodbye, Gerard. The hottest Scot of the lot is McAvoy – although we can't rule out the possibility that, in his role as Professor X, he's mind-controlling everyone and forcing them to vote for him. A true-blue geek and an utterly captivating romantic lead, McAvoy's eminently qualified for a game of cops and robbers – after his roles in Trance and Welcome To The Punch, we mean.
SEXIEST ROLE: Robbie in Atonement. We're still a bit upset about the way he was treated there, to be honest. STROKE OF CHARM: He loves his art – but not as much as he loves helping people.
15. Chris Evans
He was one of the funniest of Ramona Flowers' ex-boyfriends, wore a whipped-cream bikini in Not Another Team Movie and was quite literally so hot he was on fire in the Fantastic Four movies. But it wasn't until he emerged from that vita-ray pod and Hayley Atwell reached for his newly inflated chest, almost despite herself, that he really leapt up this list.
SEXIEST ROLE: It's gotta be Steve Rogers as Captain America, where he swaps Johnny Storm's cockiness for a sense of responsibility and morality. Gosh. STROKE OF CHARM: We always thought this was rather amusing – if you can overlook the blond tips.
14. Zachary Quinto
All logic and intellect on the outside, fiery Vulcan passion on the inside, Quinto's Spock is the epitome of a man with hidden depths. In real life he's a producer and successful stage actor, as well as our favourite science officer ever – and his eyebrows would make a Voth hot under the collar.
SEXIEST ROLE: While we're as partial to Sylar in Heroes as the next magazine, it does really have to be Spock. He's just so pointy-eared and green-blooded. STROKE OF CHARM: Try this short film with Quinto playing a would-be dog adopter.
13. Johnny Depp
Proof that you can stay hot even in your sixth decade – as long as you're Johnny Depp to start with – the weirdest man ever to be a mega-star continues to draw in the votes. Interested in everything, undeniably talented and eternally unconventional, Depp isn't just relying on his perfect features to bring in the votes.
SEXIEST ROLE: As Sam in Benny & Joon he was pretty adorable, but for pure sex appeal it's probably Roux in Chocolat. It's the guitar. STROKE OF CHARM: He carries around a Cap'n Jack costume so he can visit children's hospitals and read to sick children.
12. Chris Pine
We don't know if Chris Pine is a super smart, silver-tongued flirt in real life. But with the exception of that one neo-Nazi, he tends to specialise in analytical geniuses who have a nice sideline in chatting up anyone passing, and that's hot. Even when saddled with terrible hair and dialogue – we're looking at you, Princess Diaries sequel – he somehow gets away with it. Like Captain Kirk, he always snatches victory from the jaws of defeat.
SEXIEST ROLE: Captain James Tiberius Kirk, on a five-year mission to explore every green-skinned girl in the galaxy. STROKE OF CHARM: He claims to be sensitive, yet resists Ellen's attempts to get him to cry.
11. Idris Elba
There are few people with sufficient authority, strength and charisma to tell us they're going to cancel the apocalypse. There are fewer still who can make us believe that they actually could. Elba's one of the latter, a force of nature can steal scenes from the God Of Thunder or a 250-ft Jaeger with equal ease. Tall, manly and unspeakably talented, it's only a matter of time until he wins all the Oscars and becomes emperor of the world.
SEXIEST ROLE: TV's Luther, passionate and heartbroken and absolutely driven to do what's right. STROKE OF CHARM: Still tougher than you despite a broken foot.
10. Bradley Cooper
It's hard to reconcile Bradley Cooper, mega-star, to the guy who used to play Jennifer Garner's nerdy friend on Alias. Some men just have to grow into their own handsomeness, but boy did Cooper do so, suddenly erupting onto the scene with The Hangover and establishing himself as Tinseltown's go-to guy for slightly caddish heartbreakers. Then came his Oscar-nominated turn in Silver Linings Playbook, and it turns out he can do anything. Who knew?
SEXIEST ROLE: Call us crazy, but Pat in Silver Linings Playbook is pretty adorable. And you know he's in great shape because of all the running and the dancing, whereas Phil in The Hangover seems like he'd be a riskier bet to have around. STROKE OF CHARM: He speaks French. Brace yourselves.
9. Hugh Jackman
There's probably something about Hugh Jackman that isn't awesome. Sure, he can sing, dance, act, and rip people to shreds with his claws, and sure, he's so frequently shirtless that he makes Matthew McConaughey look like a never-nude. Oh, and he spends his holidays going to cookery schools in France. But there's bound to be something. It's just that no one has found it yet.
SEXIEST ROLE: Obviously Wolverine, but more specifically the X2 vintage, where he spends most of the movie in a vest looking worried about people. He probably needs a hug. STROKE OF CHARM: Famously one of the nicest men in Hollywood, there's a wealth of contenders, but we're partial to this inexplicable but adorable shot.
8. Michael Fassbender
An irresistible Irish brogue, a cheeky grin and acting talent to burn. Whether he's playing Magneto in X-Men or Mr Rochester in Jane Eyre, Michael Fassbender is so attractive he can make the most awful characters seem appealing. And aren't you impressed we got the whole way through this blurb without ever alluding to his full-frontal shot in Shame?
SEXIEST ROLE: Stelios in 300. He grins a lot, he's cocky and he's practically nekkid throughout. STROKE OF CHARM: Perhaps this pre-fame advert.
7. Robert Pattinson
The once and former R.Pattz may have burst onto the scene as dreamy vampire Edward, but he's not one to rest on pretty boy laurels. What keeps the fans affections (we like to think) is the way he keeps pushing himself into tougher and tougher roles, and his ability to laugh – hard – at the idea that his perfect features and great hair in any way make him a sex symbol.
SEXIEST ROLE: Let's be controversial here, and suggest Water For Elephants, where he's still dreamy and gentleman-like, but doesn't sneak into the bedrooms of teenage girls while they're asleep. STROKE OF CHARM: His own views on Edward are enough to make even Twi-haters reassess him.
6. Chris Hemsworth
There's a moment in the S.H.I.E.L.D. pilot where someone points out that Thor is not, technically, a god. Cobie Smulders' Maria Hill retorts, "You haven't been near his arms." It's hard to argue with the sex appeal of a man with biceps like that. And indeed all the other muscles. And the voice. And the smile. That he's also a devoted family man and unfailingly nice guy is just a bonus.
SEXIEST ROLE: While he's handy with a big chopper in Snow White & The Huntsman, it's still as Thor that he shines most and swings the hammer hardest. STROKE OF CHARM: Basically everything on this page.
5. Robert Downey Jr.
If the results of this vote teach us anything, it's that voters find intelligent men hot. Downey was always ludicrously good-looking, but as he's gotten older and relied more on his sheer charisma and obvious smarts, he's only gotten sexier. As Sherlock and Tony Stark, he dispelled forever the notion that inventors should be anything but a mega-babe. Sorry, merely-average looking geniuses: you need to try harder.
SEXIEST ROLE: At the risk of stating the obvious, it's Tony Stark, all boundless energy and intelligence and charisma. If you could actually catch his attention for more than 30 seconds, it would totally be worth it. STROKE OF CHARM: Here he is posing with dozens of little Iron Men.
4. Ryan Gosling
When Ryan Gosling was not voted Sexiest Man Alive by People Magazine a couple of years back, an actual protest took place outside the magazine's offices. God knows what will happen to us now you've voted the Drive star fourth. But one thing is sure: the dog-loving, mugger-thwarting, meme-inspiring Gosling will only grin wryly and keep on being cool about all the craziness, while planning his next awesome role.
SEXIEST ROLE: Still The Notebook, which seems him being all romantic and steadfast and strong-but-silent and kissy-in-the-rain. STROKE OF CHARM: Have you seen him with his dog? But we're also partial to this adorably embarrassed video.
3. Henry Cavill
Sculpted. Impossibly buff. So handsome he might well be an alien from Krypton. Poor Henry Cavill has to cope with such descriptions on a daily basis, and he does it all without developing a single worry line to mar those perfect features, when we imagine he'd rather be loved for his not-inconsiderable mind instead.
SEXIEST ROLE: Probably Immortals, where he models his wardrobe on 300's less-is-more maxim in a commendable effort to take down the Greek gods. STROKE OF CHARM: He wasn't always this handsome.
2. Tom Hiddleston
Tall, eloquent and impossibly charming, Hiddleston is so hot right now that – in this vote – he single-handedly defeated every single Avenger and the Man Of Steel for good measure. He also seems to a cheerful and philosophical soul who goes out of his way for his fans, his colleagues and recently for UNICEF. Maybe bad guys really do have more fun.
SEXIEST ROLE: Why, Loki of course, turning fratricidal angst into frenzied lust for millions of viewers worldwide. Apart from that, we're partial to his F. Scott Fitzgerald in Midnight In Paris. STROKE OF CHARM: Here he is with Cookie Monster.
1. Benedict Cumberbatch
You're damn right he's number one. While not as hyper-muscly or comically chiselled as others on this list, Cumberbatch specialises in characters that are far too clever, and far too cool, to take the rest of humanity seriously – and then he somehow makes us love him for it. It helps that, off-screen, he's still clever and insanely charismatic but quite a bit nicer than the characters he habitually plays.
SEXIEST ROLE: In film, it's his turn as "John Harrison" in this year's Star Trek Into Darkness. He always seems to get great coats with great collars. If we consider TV, however, then Sherlock will be slugging it out with Harrison for the title. STROKE OF CHARM: He compares himself to Sid from Ice Age.


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Session 7 is a Robby Dawkins talk recorded at New Wine - 2013 on Practical Christian Life available as MP3 Download format.
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You exercise your body to stay physically in shape, so why shouldn't you exercise your brain to stay mentally fit? With these daily exercises you will learn how to flex your mind, improve your creativity and boost your memory. As with any exercise, repetition is necessary for you to see improvement, so pick your favorite exercises from our daily suggestions and repeat them as desired. Try to do some mentalrobics every single day!
Everyone has their own unique viewpoint on a problem. It is difficult to put ourselves into other people's shoes and see the problem from their perspective, but this can lead us to find better solutions to the problem.
Think of a problem that you currently have that involves at least one other person. Get out some paper and write down a description of the problem from each person's point of view. Show each description to the person it corresponds with and have them comment on your accuracy. This exercise is a good way to see a problem from different perspectives and understand where the other people are coming from.
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