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Fairfax Media will mount an appeal to prevent two decorated journalists being forced to give evidence in a bribery case.
Paul Holdenson, QC, for journalists Richard Baker and Nick McKenzie, this morning announced in a Melbourne court that the matter was now before the Court of Appeal, Victoria's highest court.
Mr Holdenson told magistrate Phillip Goldberg – who had earlier issued subpoenas for the journalists to give evidence – that the appeal had been lodged on Friday afternoon.
The appeal is expected to be heard next month.
The latest appeal relates to a decision handed down in the Supreme Court by Justice Michael Sifris.
Mr Goldberg responded that the development meant any consideration of the matter would stop immediately.
The Age last month lost an appeal to prevent Baker and McKenzie being forced into the witness stand in the bribery case.
Baker and McKenzie were subpoenaed in December by lawyers for former banknote executives accused of bribery.
The lawyers are seeking to identify the source of the journalists' December 8 report that an alleged bagman from Indonesia will testify against the accused as a prosecution star witness.
The executives' defence lawyers were set to begin their final arguments at a committal hearing the Monday after the article was published, arguing that there was insufficient evidence for the former banknote executives to stand trial and that charges should be dismissed because of misbehaviour of investigators - including the use of the media to create prejudicial publicity.
Lawyers for The Age had argued there was no forensic purpose in revealing the sources and also that the sources were not federal police officers.
In his decision, Justice Sifris said it was not his place to determine "the correctness of the decision" by committal magistrate Mr Goldberg, to issue the subpoenas, but decided that Mr Goldberg had "acted properly and within jurisdiction".
He said: "This case is not about the protection of sources by journalists. It is an assessment as to whether correct procedures were followed and the law was complied with."
He said the phrase "investigating officers", whose behaviour defence lawyers had questioned, referred to a broader category than federal police alone.
Victorian laws to protect journalists from revealing their sources came into effect last month but do not apply to the bribery proceedings, which had already begun.
Editor-in-chief Andrew Holden said The Age had on Friday lodged another appeal in the Court of Appeal against the decision to make Baker and McKenzie testify.
"We will do everything we can to protect them," he said.
"We now have a shield law in Victoria that would protect Nick and Richard from this subpoena . . . which was passed with the support of every party in State Parliament.
"The community clearly wants journalists to be able to chase and publish information that is of public interest, even if that means they have to provide confidentiality to a source."


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Native American Photo Exhibit and Video Premiere
Part of Native American Heritage Month at Xavier | November 7, 2012
Xavier University director of photography Greg Rust has photographed life in and customs on the Northern Cheyenne Reservation in Lame Deer, Montana for the past five years. Rust and his daughter Erin, Xavier, Class of 2012, were invited initially by tribal member Dennis Limberhand, theirs has become a fast friendship of mutual respect. And it has resulted in a photo exhibit and video premiere at Xavier University's Gallagher Student Center, Third Floor, Clock Tower Lounge on Nov. 14th at 4:00pm. Rust, with his daughter Erin will discuss their visits to the reservation. Erin will address the historical significance of the horse to the tribes through her research done while acquiring her history minor. The event is free and open to the public.
The 20 images in the photo exhibit, "Northern Plains Customs" were made by Greg Rust in Montana on the Cheyenne and Crow reservations. The 16x24 color images capture fleeting moments of time at rodeos, powwows and while riding horses on the reservation.
The video tells the story of life on the reservation through the words and experiences of Leroy Whiteman and Dennis Limberhand, members of the Northern Cheyenne Tribe. Both grew up on the reservation, living and learning about the importance of the horse and buffalo to the Cheyenne. They also learned about their ancestors, who fought in the Battle of the Little Bighorn in 1876. As part of Native American Heritage Month, Rust talked with the two about their lives, their tribe and their heritage.
The Northern Plains of the American West were sparsely inhabited until the horse made the vast grasslands accessible to native peoples. With the arrival of horses, Native Americans developed a nomadic lifestyle that bound them to the migratory tides of the great herds. With the demise of this lifestyle, tribes were forced to adapt to life on reservations. Their bond with the horse survived that transition.
As "Indian cowboys," many Cheyenne, Lakota and Crow make their living off the back of a horse. They display their horsemanship skill in rodeo competitions. Often coinciding with rodeos, powwows are a venue for Native Americans to socialize and share tribal traditions and culture. These public gatherings are places to compete for awards in singing, dancing and costume.
Xavier University's Office of Multicultural Affairs, International Student Services and departments of History, and University Communications are co-sponsors of the photo exhibit, video, and opening talk.

subset: commoncrawl


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Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling (27 January 1775 – 20 August 1854), later von Schelling, was a German philosopher. Standard histories of philosophy make him the midpoint in the development of German Idealism, situating him between Fichte, his mentor prior to 1800, and Hegel, his former university roommate and erstwhile friend. Interpreting Schelling's philosophy is often difficult because of its ever-changing nature. Some scholars characterize him as a protean thinker who, although brilliant, jumped from one subject to another and lacked the synthesizing power needed to arrive at a complete philosophical system. Others challenge the notion that Schelling's thought is marked by profound breaks, instead arguing that his philosophy always focused on a few common themes, especially human freedom, the absolute, and the relationship between spirit and nature.
Schelling's general thought has often been neglected, especially in the English-speaking world, as has been his later work on mythology and revelation (much of which remains untranslated). This stems not only from the ascendancy of Hegel, whose mature works portray Schelling as a mere footnote in the development of Idealism, but also from his Naturphilosophie, which scientists have ridiculed for its "silly" analogizing and lack of empirical orientation.[1] In recent years, Schelling scholars have attacked both of these sources of neglect.
Early life Edit
Schelling was born in the town of Leonberg in [Württemberg (now Baden-Württemberg). He attended the monastery school at Bebenhausen, near Tübingen, where his father was chaplain and an Orientalist professor. From 1783 to 1784 Schelling attended a Latin school in Nürtingen. At the age of 16, he then was granted permission to enroll at the [Tübinger Stift (seminary of the Protestant Evangelical State Church in Württemberg), despite not having yet reached the normal enrollment age of 20. At the Stift, he shared a room with Georg Hegel as well as Hölderlin, and the three became good friends. Schelling studied Church fathers and ancient Greek philosophers. His interest gradually shifted from Lutheran theology to philosophy. In 1792 he graduated from the philosophical faculty, and in 1793 contributed to Heinrich Eberhard Gottlob Paulus's Memorabilien; in 1795 he finished his thesis for his theological degree, De Marcione Paullinarum epistolarum emendatore. Meanwhile, he had begun to study Kant and Fichte, who greatly influenced him. In 1794, Schelling published an exposition of Fichte's thought entitled Über die Möglichkeit einer Form der Philosophie überhaupt (On the possibility of a form of philosophy in general). This work was acknowledged by Fichte himself and immediately earned Schelling a reputation among philosophers. His more elaborate work, Vom Ich als Prinzip der Philosophie, oder über das Unbedingte im menschlichen Wissen (On Self as principle of philosophy, or on the unrestricted in human knowledge, 1795), while still remaining within the limits of the Fichtean idealism, showed a tendency to give the Fichtean method a more objective application, and to amalgamate Spinoza's views with it.
Philosophy of nature Edit
While tutoring two youths of an aristocratic family, he visited Leipzig as their escort and had a chance to attend lectures at Leipzig University, where he was fascinated by contemporary physical studies including chemistry and biology. At this time he also visited Dresden, where he saw several collections of the Archduke of Saxony, to which he referred later in his thinking on art.
After two years tutoring, in 1798, at the age of only 23, Schelling was called to Jena as an extraordinary (i.e., unpaid) professor of philosophy. He had already contributed articles and reviews to the Philosophisches Journal of Fichte and Friedrich Immanuel Niethammer, and had thrown himself into the study of physical and medical science. In 1795 Schelling published Philosophische Briefe über Dogmatismus und Kritizismus (Philosophical letters on dogmatism and criticism), consisting of 10 letters addressed to an unknown interlocutor that presented both a defense and critique of the Kantian system; in 1797 he published the essay "Neue Deduction des Naturrechts" (New deduction of natural law), which anticipated Fichte's treatment of the topic in the Grundlage des Naturrechts(Foundations of natural law). His studies of physical science bore fruit in the Ideen zu einer Philosophie der Natur (Ideas concerning a philosophy of nature) (1797), and the treatise Von der Weltseele (On the world-soul) (1798). In Ideen Schelling referred to Leibniz and quoted from his Monadology. During his natural philosophy period, he highly esteemed Leibniz and his view of nature.
Schelling's time at Jena (1798-1803) put him at the center of the intellectual ferment of Romanticism. Schelling was on close terms with Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, who appreciated the poetic quality of the Naturphilosophie, reading Von der Weltseele. As the prime minister of the duchy of Saxe-Weimar, Goethe invited Schelling to Jena. On the other hand Schelling was repelled by Friedrich Schiller's less expansive disposition, and was unsympathetic to the ethical idealism that animated Schiller's work. However, Schelling presumably studied Schiller's aesthetic writings: later, in his Vorlesung über die Philosophie der Kunst (Lecture on the philosophy of art, 1802/03), Schelling expressed little interest in Schiller's achievement in literature, but in its General Part, Schiller's theory on the [sublime was closely reviewed with a deep respect.
In Jena, Schelling wrote and published numerous books and treatises. He was on good terms with Fichte at first, but their different conceptions, about nature in particular, led to increasing divergence in their thought. Fichte was not pleased that Schelling showed a deep interest in nature and advised him to focus on philosophy in its original meaning, that is, transcendental philosophy: specifically, Fichte's Wissenschaftlehre. Schelling was initially optimistic about their differences and thought Fichte would eventually understand what he was doing, since he considered his natural philosophy an important enhancement of Fichte's idealism. In 1800 Schelling published one of his most notable works System des transcendentalen Idealismus (System of transcendental idealism, 1800). In this book Schelling described transcendental philosophy and nature philosophy as complementary to one another. Fichte reacted by stating that Schelling was working on the basis of a false philosophical principle: in Fichte's theory nature as Not-Self (Nicht-Ich = object) couldn't be a subject of philosophy, whose essential content is the subjective activity of the human intellect. The breach became unrecoverable in 1800, after Schelling published Darstellung des Systems meiner Philosophie (Description of the system of my philosophy). Fichte thought this title absurd, since in his opinion philosophy could not be personalized. Moreover, in this book Schelling publicly expressed his estimation of Spinoza, whose work Fichte had repudiated as dogmatism, and declared that nature and spirit differ only in their quantity, but are essentially identical (Identitaet). According to Schelling, the absolute was the indifference or identity, which he considered to be an essential subject of philosophy.
Schelling, who was becoming the acknowledged leader of the Romantic school, had begun to reject Fichte's thought as cold and abstract. Schelling was especially close to August Wilhelm von Schlegel and his wife, Karoline. A marriage between Schelling and Karoline's young daughter, Auguste Böhmer, was contemplated by both. Auguste died of dysentery in 1800, prompting many to blame Schelling, who had overseen her treatment. However, Robert Richards demonstrates in his book The Romantic Conception of Life that Schelling's interventions were not only appropriate but most likely irrelevant, as the doctors called to the scene assured everyone involved that Auguste's disease was inevitably fatal. Auguste's death drew Schelling and Karoline even closer. Schlegel had moved to Berlin, and a divorce was arranged (with Goethe's help). Schelling's time at Jena came to an end, and on 2 June 1803 he and Karoline were married away from Jena. Their marriage ceremony was the last occasion Schelling met his school friend Hölderlin, who was already mentally ill at that time.
In his Jena period, Schelling had a closer relationship with Hegel again. With Schelling's help, Hegel became a private lecturer (Privatdozent) at Jena University. Hegel wrote a book titled Differenz des Fichte'schen und Schelling'schen Systems der Philosophie (Difference between Fichte's and Schelling's systems of philosophy, 1801), and supported Schelling's position against his idealistic predecessors, Fichte and Reinhold. Beginning in January 1802, Hegel and Schelling published the Kritisches Journal der Philosophie (Critical Journal of Philosophy) as co-editors, publisheing papers on the philosophy of nature, but Schelling was too busy to stay involved with the editing and the magazine was mainly Hegel's publication, espousing a thought different from Schelling's. The magazine ceased publication in the spring of 1803 when Schelling moved from Jena to Würzburg.
From September 1803 until April 1806 Schelling was professor at the new University of Würzburg. This period was marked by considerable flux in his views and by a final breach with Fichte and Hegel. In Würzburg, a conservative Catholic city, Schelling had many enemies among his colleagues and in the government. He moved to Munich in 1806, where he found a position as a state official, first as associate of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities and secretary of the Royal Academy of Fine Arts, afterwards as secretary of the Philosophische Klasse (philosophical section) of the Academy of Sciences. 1806 was also the year Schelling published a book in which he criticized Fichte openly by name. In 1807 Schelling received the manuscript of Hegel's Phaenomenologie des Geistes (Phenomenology of the spirit), which Hegel had sent to him, asking Schelling to write the foreword. Surprised to find disparaging remarks directed squarely at his own philosophical theory, Schelling eventually wrote back, asking Hegel to please clarify whether he had intended to mock Schelling's followers who lacked a true understanding of his thought, or Schelling himself. Hegel never replied. In the same year, Schelling gave a speech about the relation between the visual arts and nature at the Munich Academy of Fine Arts, and Hegel wrote a severe criticism of it to one of his friends. After that year, they criticized each other in lecture rooms and in books publicly until the end of their lives.
Munich period Edit
Without resigning his official position in Munich, he lectured for a short time in Stuttgart (Stuttgarter Privatvorlesungen [Stuttgart private lectures], 1810), and seven years at Erlangen (1820-1827). In 1809 Karoline died, just before he published Freiheitschrift, the last book published during his life. Three years later, introduced by Goethe, Schelling married one of her closest friends, Pauline Gotter, in whom he found a faithful companion.
During the long stay at Munich (1806-1841) Schelling's literary activity came gradually to a standstill. The "Aphorisms on Naturphilosophie" published in the Jahrbücher der Medicin als Wissenschaft (1806-1808) are for the most part extracts from the Würzburg lectures, and the Denkmal der Schrift von den göttlichen Dingen des Herrn Jacobi was a response to an attack by Jacobi (the two accused each other of atheism[2]). The only writing of significance is the "Philosophische Untersuchungen über das Wesen der menschlichen Freiheit und die damit zusammenhängenden Gegenstände" (Investigations of Human Freedom, Philosophische Schriften i, 1809), which carries out, with increasing tendency to mysticism, the thoughts of the previous work, Philosophie und Religion (Philosophy and religion, 1804). However, in a change from the Jena period works, now evil is not an appearance coming from the quantitative differences between the real and the ideal, but something substantial. This work clearly paraphrased Kant's distinction between intelligible and empirical character. Otherwise, Schelling himself called freedom "a capacity for good and evil."
The tract "Über die Gottheiten zu Samothrake" (On the divinities of Samothrace) appeared in 1815, ostensibly a portion of a greater work, Die Weltalter (The ages of the world), frequently announced as ready for publication, but of which little was ever written. Schelling planned Die Weltalter as a book in three parts, describing the past, present, and future of the world; however, he began only the first part, rewriting it several times and at last keeping it unpublished. The other two parts were left only in planning. Christopher John Murray describes the work as follows:
Building on the premise that philosophy cannot ultimately explain existence, he merges the earlier philosophies of Nature and identity with his newfound belief in a fundamental conflict between a dark unconscious principle and a conscious principle in God. God makes the universe intelligible by relating to the ground of the real but, insofar as nature is not complete intelligence, the real exists as a lack within the ideal and not as reflective of the ideal itself. The three universal ages — distinct only to us but not in the eternal God — therefore comprise a beginning where the principle of God before God is divine will striving for being, the present age, which is still part of this growth and hence a mediated fulfillment, and a finality where God is consciously and consummately Himself to Himself.[3]It is possible that it was the overpowering strength and influence of the Hegelian system that constrained Schelling, for it was only in 1834, after the death of Hegel, that, in a preface to a translation by Hubert Beckers of a work by Victor Cousin, he gave public utterance to the antagonism in which he stood to the Hegelian, and to his own earlier, conception of philosophy. The antagonism certainly was not then a new fact; the Erlangen lectures on the history of philosophy of 1822 express the same in a pointed fashion, and Schelling had already begun the treatment of mythology and religion which in his view constituted the true positive complements to the negative of logical or speculative philosophy.
Berlin period Edit
Public attention was powerfully attracted by these vague hints of a new system which promised something more positive, especially in its treatment of religion, than the apparent results of Hegel's teaching. The appearance of critical writings by David Friedrich Strauss, Feuerbach, and Bruno Bauer, and the evident disunion in the Hegelian school itself, express a growing alienation from the then dominant philosophy. In Berlin, the headquarters of the Hegelians, this found expression in attempts to obtain officially from Schelling a treatment of the new system which he was understood to have in reserve. The realization of the desire did not come about till 1841, when the appointment of Schelling as Prussian privy councillor and member of the Berlin Academy, gave him the right, a right he was requested to exercise, to deliver lectures in the university. Among those in attendance at his lectures were Søren Kierkegaard (who said Schelling talked "quite insufferable nonsense" and complained that he did not end his lectures on time), Mikhail Bakunin (who called them "interesting but rather insignificant"), Jacob Burckhardt, and Friedrich Engels (who, as a partisan of Hegel, attended to "shield the great man's grave from abuse").[4] The opening lecture of his course was listened to by a large and appreciative audience. The enmity of his old foe, H.E.G. Paulus, sharpened by Schelling's apparent success, led to the surreptitious publication of a verbatim report of the lectures on the philosophy of revelation, and, as Schelling did not succeed in obtaining legal condemnation and suppression of this piracy, he in 1845 ceased the delivery of any public courses. No authentic information as to the nature of the new positive philosophy was obtained till after his death (at Bad Ragatz, on 20 August 1854), when his sons began the issue of his collected writings with the four volumes of Berlin lectures: vol. i. Introduction to the Philosophy of Mythology (1856); ii. Philosophy of Mythology (1857); iii. and iv. Philosophy of Revelation (1858).
While of indisputable historical importance, Schelling has often been dismissed as obscurantist or unmethodical.
In his own view, Schelling's philosophy fell into three stages:
- the transition from Fichte's method to the more objective conception of nature—the advance, in other words, to Naturphilosophie
- the definite formulation of that which implicitly, as Schelling claims, was involved in the idea of Naturphilosophie, that is, the thought of the identical, indifferent, absolute substratum of both nature and spirit, the advance to Identitätsphilosophie
- the opposition of negative and positive philosophy, an opposition which is the theme of the Berlin lectures, though its germs may be traced back to 1804.
At all stages of his thought he called to his aid the forms of some other system. Thus Fichte, Spinoza, Jakob Boehme and the mystics, and finally, the great Greek thinkers with their Neoplatonic, Gnostic, and Scholastic commentators, give colouring to particular works. But Schelling did not merely borrow; rather, he shaped his materials into a unified philosophic effort and spirit.
In his Naturphilosophie, Schelling argues Nature must not be conceived as merely an abstract limit to the infinite striving of spirit (as it was by Fichte), or as a mere series of necessary thoughts for mind. Rather, it must be that and more than that. It must have reality for itself, a reality which stands in no conflict with its ideal character, a reality the inner structure of which is ideal, a reality the root and spring of which is spirit. Nature as the sum of that which is objective, intelligence as the complex of all the activities making up self-consciousness, appear thus as equally real, as alike exhibiting ideal structure, as parallel with one another. Nature and spirit, Naturphilosophie and Transcendentalphilosophie, thus stand as two relatively complete, but complementary parts of the whole.
The function of Naturphilosophie is to exhibit the ideal as springing from the real, not to deduce the real from the ideal. The incessant change which experience brings before us, taken in conjunction with the thought of unity in productive force of nature, leads to the all-important conception of the duality, the polar opposition through which nature expresses itself in its varied products. The dynamical series of stages in nature, the forms in which the ideal structure of nature is realized, are matter, as the equilibrium of the fundamental expansive and contractive forces; light, with its subordinate processes—magnetism, electricity, and chemical action; organism, with its component phases of reproduction, irritability and sensibility.
Just as nature exhibits to us the series of dynamical stages of evolutionary processes by which spirit struggles towards consciousness of itself, so the world of intelligence and practice, the world of mind, exhibits the series of stages through which self-consciousness, with its inevitable oppositions and reconciliations, develops in its ideal form. The theoretical side of inner nature in its successive grades from sensation to the highest form of spirit, the abstracting reason which emphasizes the difference of subjective and objective, leaves an unsolved problem which receives satisfaction only in the practical, the individualizing activity. The practical, again, taken in conjunction with the theoretical, forces on the question of the reconciliation between the free conscious organization of thought and the apparently necessitated and unconscious mechanism of the objective world. In the notion of a teleological connection and in that which for spirit is its own subjective expression, that is, art and genius, the subjective and objective find their point of union.
Along two distinct lines Schelling is to be found in all his later writings striving to amend the conception, to which he remained true, of the absolute as the ultimate ground of reality. It was necessary, in the first place, to give to this absolute a character, to make of it something more than empty sameness; it was necessary, in the second place, to clear up in some way the relation between the actuality or apparent actuality of nature and spirit (Natur und Geist). Unlike Schelling's fellow philosopher and erstwhile friend Hegel, Schelling did not believe that the absolute could be known in its true character through rational inquiry alone. A transcendent apprehension through artistic creativity, or a mystical intuition through religious experience (especially evident in his writings of, and after, the year 1809), was instead required to realize the reality of the "Godhead" that is the absolute, primal ground of all being.
The briefest and best account by Schelling himself of Naturphilosophie is that contained in the Einleitung zu dern Ersten Entwurf (S. W. iii.). A full and lucid statement of Naturphilosophie is that given by Kuno Fischer in his Geschichte der neuern Philosophie, vi. 433-692.
American philosopher Ken Wilber places Schelling as one of two philosophers who "after Plato, had the broadest impact on the Western mind".[5] Today, all aspects of his thought are studied by Western philosophers. But he did not always enjoy such a high reputation.
Schelling's work impressed the English romantic poet and critic Samuel Taylor Coleridge, who introduced his ideas into English-speaking culture, sometimes, unfortunately, without full acknowledgment, as in the Biographia Literaria. Coleridge's critical work was highly influential, and it was he who introduced into English Schelling's concept of the unconscious.
However, by the 1950s, Schelling was almost a forgotten philosopher even in his own country, Germany. In the 1910s and 1920s, philosophers of neo-Kantianism and neo-Hegelianism, like Wilhelm Windelband or Richard Kroner, tended to describe Schelling as an episode connecting Fichte and Hegel. His late period tended to be ignored, and his philosophies of nature and of art in the 1790s and 1800s were mainly focused on. In this context Kuno Fischer characterized Schelling's early philosophy as "aesthetic idealism", focusing on the argument where he ranked art as "the sole document and the eternal organ of philosophy" (das einzige wahre und ewige Organon zugleich und Dokument der Philosophie). From socialist philosophers like György Lukács, he received criticism as an anachronistic antagonist.
One exception was Martin Heidegger, who treated Schelling's On Human Freedom in his lectures in 1936. Heidegger found there the central themes of Western ontology: the issues of being, existence, and freedom.
In the 1950s, the situation began to change. In 1954, the centennial of his death, an international conference on Schelling was held. Several notable German-speaking philosophers, including Karl Jaspers, gave presentations about the uniqueness and actuality of his thought, the interest of philosophers shifting toward his late period in which Schelling focused on being and existence, or precisely the origin of existence. Schelling was the subject of the 1954 dissertation of the eminent 20th century German philosopher Jürgen Habermas. In 1955, the next year of this conference, Jaspers published a book titled Schelling, representing him as a forerunner of the existentialists. Walter Schultz, one of organizers of the 1954 conference, published a book claiming that Schelling had made German Idealism complete with his late philosophy, particularly with his Berlin lectures in the 1840s. Schultz presented Schelling as the person who resolved the philosophical problems which Hegel had left incomplete, in contrast to the contemporary idea that Schelling had been overcome by Hegel much earlier and outdated.
In the 1970s nature was again of interest to philosophers in relation to environmental issues. Schelling's philosophy of nature, particularly his intention to construct a program which covers both nature and the intellectual in a single system and method and restore nature as a central theme of philosophy, has been reevaluated in the contemporary context. His influence and relation to the German art scene, particularly to Romantic literature and visual art, has been a scientific interest since late 1960s, from Philipp Otto Runge to Gerhard Richter and Joseph Beuys.
In relation to psychology, Schelling was considered to have coined the term "unconsciousness". The Slovenian philosopher and psychoanalytic theorist Slavoj Žižek has written two books on Schelling, attempting to integrate Schelling's philosophy, mainly his middle period works including Weltalter, with the work of Jacques Lacan.
- "Nature is visible Spirit; Spirit is invisible Nature." (Ideen, "Introduction")
- "History as a whole is a progressive, gradually self-disclosing revelation of the Absolute." (System of Transcendental Idealism, 1800)
- "Now if the appearance of freedom is necessarily infinite, the total evolution of the Absolute is also an infinite process, and history itself a never wholly completed revelation of that Absolute which, for the sake of consciousness, and thus merely for the sake of appearance, separates itself into conscious and unconscious, the free and the intuitant; but which itself, however, in the inaccessible light wherein it dwells, is Eternal Identity and the everlasting ground of harmony between the two." (System of Transcendental Idealism, 1800)
- "Has creation a final goal? And if so, why was it not reached at once? Why was the consummation not realized from the beginning? To these questions there is but one answer: Because God is Life, and not merely Being." (Philosophical Inquiries into the Nature of Human Freedom, 1809)
- "Only he who has tasted freedom can feel the desire to make over everything in its image, to spread it throughout the whole universe." (Philosophical Inquiries into the Nature of Human Freedom, 1809)
- "As there is nothing before or outside of God he must contain within himself the ground of his existence. All philosophies say this, but they speak of this ground as a mere concept without making it something real and actual." (Philosophical Inquiries into the Nature of Human Freedom, 1809)
- "[The Godhead] is not divine nature or substance, but the devouring ferocity of purity that a person is able to approach only with an equal purity. Since all Being goes up in it as if in flames, it is necessarily unapproachable to anyone still embroiled in Being." (The Ages of the World, c.1815)
- "God then has no beginning only insofar as there is no beginning of his beginning. The beginning in God is eternal beginning, that is, such a one as was beginning from all eternity, and still is, and also never ceases to be beginning." (Quoted in Hartshorne & Reese, Philosophers Speak of God, Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1953, p. 237.)
Bibliography Edit
Selected works are listed below. For a more complete listing, see this page.
- Über die Möglichkeit einer Form der Philosophie überhaupt (1794) (On the Possibility of an Absolute Form of Philosophy), Vom Ich als Prinzip der Philosophie oder über das Unbedingte im menschlichen Wissen (1795) (Of the I as the Principle of Philosophy or on the Unconditional in Human Knowledge), Philosophische Briefe über Dogmatismus und Kriticismus (1795) (Philosophical Letters on Dogmatism and Criticism) in The Unconditional in Human Knowledge: Four early essays 1794-6 (1980) translation and commentary by F. Marti, Lewisburg: Bucknell University Press.
- Ideen zu einer Philosophie der Natur als Einleitung in das Studium dieser Wissenschaft (1797) Ideas for a Philosophy of Nature: as Introduction to the Study of this Science (1988) translated by E.E. Harris and P. Heath, introduction R. Stern, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- System des transcendentalen Idealismus (1800) System of Transcendental Idealism (1978) translated by P. Heath, introduction M. Vater, Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia.
- Bruno oder über das göttliche und natürliche Prinzip der Dinge (1802) Bruno, or On the Natural and the Divine Principle of Things (1984) translated with an introduction by M. Vater, Albany: State University of New York Press.
- Philosophie der Kunst (1802-3) The Philosophy of Art (1989) Minnesota: Minnesota University Press.
- Vorlesungen über die Methode des akademischen Studiums (1803) On University Studies (1966) translated E.S. Morgan, edited N. Guterman, Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press.
- Philosophische Untersuchungen über das Wesen der menschlichen Freiheit und die damit zusammenhängenden Gegenstände (1809) Of Human Freedom (1936) a translation with critical introduction and notes by J. Gutmann, Chicago: Open Court.
- 'Die Weltalter (1811-15). The Ages of the World (1967) translated with introduction and notes by F. de W. Bolman, jr., New York: Columbia University Press. The Abyss of Freedom/Ages of the World (1997), trans. Judith Norman, with an essay by Slavoj Žižek, Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press
- Über die Gottheiten von Samothrake (1815) Schelling's Treatise on 'The Deities of Samothrace' (1977) a translation and introduction by R.F. Brown, Missoula, Mont.: Scholars Press.
- Zur Geschichte der neueren Philosophie (probably 1833-4) On the History of Modern Philosophy (1994) translation and introduction by A. Bowie, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
See alsoEdit
- ↑ The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy states that "its empirical claims are indefensible"[1].
- ↑ John Laughland, Schelling Versus Hegel: From German Idealsim to Christian Metaphysics (Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2007: ISBN 0754661180), p. 119.
- ↑ Christopher John Murray, Encyclopedia of the Romantic Era, 1760-1850 (Taylor & Francis, 2004: ISBN 1579584225), pp. 1001-02.
- ↑ Tristram Hunt, Marx's General: The Revolutionary Life of Friedrich Engels (Henry Holt and Co., 2009: ISBN 0805080252), pp. 45-46.
- ↑ See Wilber's A Brief History of Everything, chap. 17 (pp. 297-308).
External links Edit
- Entry in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy by Andrew Bowie
- Links to texts
- Article on Schelling
- Biography of Schelling at NNDB
- Historical-critical Introduction to the Philosophy of Mythology
- The Grounding of Positive Philosophy
- Philosophical Investigations into the Essence of Human Freedom
- First Outline of a System of the Philosophy of Nature
- Clara, or On Nature's Connection to the Spirit World
- The Ages of the World
- Bruno, or On the Natural and Divine Principle of Things
|This page uses Creative Commons Licensed content from Wikipedia (view authors).
Template:Continental philosophy
|This page uses Creative Commons Licensed content from Wikipedia (view authors).


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Betty Editorial
Why Can't Michelle Obama Wear Shorts?
Should the first lady be entitled to dress down?
-Kathy Campbell
Hands up if you have ever worn shorts while on summer vacation? You'd be in the minority if you hadn't, right? So why is everyone freaking out over Michelle Obama wearing shorts while on a trip to the Grand Canyon this week?
Does the first lady have the right to wear shorts? I say, are you kidding me? It's not like she slipped on a pair of Daisy Dukes or was photographed writhing semi naked on some bed sheets like France's first lady, Carla Bruni.
Sure, Laura Bush and Hillary Clinton didn't bare her arms or thighs – and for this I am profoundly grateful. They should stay covered up. But Michelle is a younger, hipper, fitter first lady, and I just can't understand what all the fuss is about. While it wasn't the most flattering outfit Michelle has ever worn, she was photographed in much uglier shorts back in June. And if you ask me, they were a far bigger crime – against fashion.


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Nicholson-Lewis, Balz-Herrmann Earned Scholar Athlete Honors
SAINT LEO, Fla. – For the second consecutive season, the Saint Leo men's tennis team has earned Intercollegiate Tennis Association (ITA) All-Academic Team accolades. In addition, sophomore Matt Nicholson-Lewis and junior Tim Balz-Herrmann were selected ITA Scholar Athletes; it was announced Thursday by the ITA Governing Body.
The ITA All-Academic Team award is open to any ITA program that has a cumulative team grade point average of 3.20 or above (on a 4.00 scale). All eligible student-athletes whose names appear on the NCAA/NAIA/NJCAA/CA JUCO eligibility form and have competed in one or more varsity matches must average into the GPA for the current academic year (including fall 2010 and spring 2011).
On the individual side, Nicholson-Lewis earned a spot on the ITA All-Scholar team. At the end of the 2011 season, Nicholson-Lewis was tabbed an All-Sunshine State Conference second team selectee on the singles side while earning a first team nod with teammate Victor Lozier in doubles.
Joining Nicholson-Lewis was Balz-Herrmann as he was chosen to the select group for the first time in his career.
In order to earn ITA Scholar-Athlete status a player must meet the following criteria: One - be a varsity letter winner, wo - have a grade point average of at least 3.50 (on a 4.00 scale) for the current academic year, and three - have been enrolled at their present school for at least 2 semesters (including freshman thorough senior year).
To view a complete list of honorees, click here.


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Serves 20.
Bake your favorite 2-layer cake recipe or mix in 9-inch round baking pan. Cool cake in pan on wire rack 10 minutes. Remove from pan and cool completely. Wrap cake board with fanci-foil; arrange cake on prepared board. Spatula ice cake top and sides smooth with thin layer of buttercream.
Roll a 1 in. ball of green fondant and combine with 24 oz. white fondant; roll out 1/8 in. thick. Cover cake; smooth. Using light green fondant scraps, roll two ropes 1/4 in. thick; twist ropes together and position for bottom border.
Roll out red fondant 1/8 in. thick. Cut small and large apples using cutters. Shape dark green fondant into a stem and leaf for each apple; attach with damp brush. Brush large apple with water; sprinkle with red sugar. Attach apples to cake with damp brush.


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Product Information
Have fun while you bathe dogs with Crazy Dog Grooming Sprays. Use between grooming visits as well. Crazy Dog Grooming Sprays leave shiny, tangle-free coats that smell tropical, fruity, and wild. Convenient 8 oz spray bottles.
Directions: Spray coat thoroughly until wet. Comb out tangles. Let dry, then brush for shiny, tangle -free coats that smell great.
Important Sizing Note: The following measurements are the dimensions of the actual product, not of the pet they fit. After measuring your pet, make sure all measurements fit within the following dimensions (with a little room to spare in the chest and neck).8 oz. Spray Bottle


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Topic: Spiritual Fullfillment ---Prayer for All Patients and Caregivers
Hi, everyone,
My first hope to join this web site is to increase the Physical and medical knowledge about this cancer for me as well as for others on this message board.
My second wish is a spiritual journey to the Holy Land and say a prayer for all of us,patients and caregivers, on the western wall in Jerusalem. I am lucky enough to have the health and energy to do just that last week. I ask God for a cure for patients who suffer the bile duct cancer, and hope the cure will come soon enough for us to enjoy normal life once again and a better "quality of life" for all of us .
In doing so, I praise Him for listening to my request and made my dream comes true.
God bless you all.


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Note: This item is more than nine years old. Please take the publication date into consideration for any date references.
Print – Plain Text – Permalink
News Release
Media Contact: TPWD News, email@example.com, 512-389-8030
March 31, 2008
TPW Commission Adopts 2008-2009 Hunting/Fishing Regulations
AUSTIN, Texas — The Texas Parks and Wildlife Commission, at its March 26 meeting, adopted changes to hunting and fishing regulations designed to create additional recreational opportunities while effectively managing the state's natural resources.
As part of the annual regulations review process, public input and discussion among agency staff two proposals related to upland bird hunting were withdrawn. Staff recommended turning to the Commission's newly appointed Game Bird Advisory Committee for further discussion on potential changes to quail and pheasant regulations.
One other proposal, which would have extended regulations allowing the take of catfish by means of bow and arrow, was also withdrawn. As of Sept. 1, 2008, taking of catfish by means of bow and arrow will no longer be legal.
Meanwhile, the following changes were approved by the Commission:
Carp Bag Limit
Anglers fishing Lady Bird Lake (formerly Town Lake) in Austin will be allowed to retain only one common carp 33 inches or larger per day. There will remain no limit on common carp measuring less than 33 inches in length.
Community Fishing Lake Pole Limit
Anglers will be limited to using two fishing poles on designated community fishing lakes. This new rule addresses hoarding of limited bank fishing access. The change affects impoundments 75 acres or less totally within a city limits or a public park, but will not be enacted on any waters inside a state park.
Lake Nacogdoches Bass Limit
This rule changes the largemouth bass regulations on Lake Nacogdoches to a 16-inch maximum size limit. The daily bag will be five bass under 16 inches, although one bass 24 inches or larger can be retained temporarily in a livewell and then weighed using handheld scales for possible donation to the Budweiser ShareLunker program.
Purtis Creek/Lake Raven Bass Limit
This rule changes the largemouth bass temporary retention length limit to 24 inches on Purtis Creek State Park Lake and Lake Raven (Huntsville State Park). Both lakes are catch and release only for largemouth bass, although currently one trophy bass may be retained temporarily for weighing purposes and donation to the Budweiser ShareLunker program.
Lake Texoma Spotted Bass
This rule removes the 14-inch minimum length limit for spotted bass on Lake Texoma consistent with the Texas statewide regulation (no length limit) and the limit for the Oklahoma side of Texoma.
Lake Nasworthy/Colorado City Red Drum Limit
This removes the harvest exceptions for red drum on Lake Nasworthy and the 20-inch minimum length limit for red drum on Colorado City Reservoir. Both water bodies revert to the statewide limits of three fish per day and a 20- 28-inch reverse slot limit.
Expand Panhandle Mule Deer Season
This adds Sherman and Hansford counties to the northern Panhandle mule deer season (16 days beginning the Saturday before Thanksgiving) and in Gaines, Martin, and the eastern portion of Andrews counties to the southwest Panhandle season (nine days beginning the Saturday before Thanksgiving). These counties, wildlife biologists believe, have mule deer populations sufficient to allow the harvest of a few buck mule deer.
Eliminate Bowhunting Minimum Draw Weight
This removes the requirement of a 40-pound minimum peak draw weight on bowhunting equipment.
Deer Proof of Sex Requirement Change
This allows special deer permit tags, including Managed Land Deer Permits, Landowner Assisted Management Permitting System, antlerless mule deer, special public hunting and Antlerless and Spike Control, to satisfy proof of sex tagging requirements.
Lower Minimum Age for Hunter Education Certification
This lowers the minimum age a student may receive hunter education certification from 12 years to 9 years.
Quota for Commercial Catch of Gulf Menhaden in State Waters
This rule establishes a quota for the commercial catch of Gulf menhaden in state waters. The move is a precautionary measure that basically limits the fishery at its current level. The total allowable catch from state waters would be set at 31,500,000 pounds
The changes will take effect after the required posting period or as specified in the rule.
Publication — Permission is granted to publish, in whole or in part, any news releases on this page.
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To copy text into an editing software:
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English/Spanish — News releases posted in both English and Spanish have one of these links.
If you have any suggestions for improving these pages, send an e-mail to email@example.com and mention Plain Text Pages.
(5.4.16 i)


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Team Bobby Falls to Twoby Sara Levine in Food Network Star, July 3, 2012
This was a tough week for Team Bobby, with two finalists going head-to-head in a Producers' Challenge battle of cocktails. No matter how it shook out, Bobby would lose a member of his team. He was hesitant to say anything at all in the pitch room (or pitch beach, as it was this week): "I didn't want to sway the judges one way or the other based on my comments."
In the end, Bob and Susie decided to send Malcolm Mitchell home. Despite food that consistently impressed them, Malcolm was never fully able to hone his "soulful" POV. "Malcolm's POV was confusing," Susie says. "After eight weeks, we need to know who he is through his food."
Malcolm left the competition in good spirits: "I leave happy. I wanted to win it, but at the end of the day, I did everything that I could do. I was real."
Hear more from Susie and Malcolm in his exclusive exit interview. Did you think Malcolm should have gone home over Michele?
Flip through Malcolm's Star Scrapbook and more behind-the-scenes photos from Episode Eight.


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Travel Photography Photos tagged as traditional and mediterranean
14 photos | Tags: traditional and mediterranean Show as stream
A most typical Santorini scene, just around the corner from where stay in Thira, Santorini's capitaal
This is one of the windmills at Oia, a village at the top of Santorini island
Another peaceful and relaxing view of Santorini looking over the caldera at dusk.
This is a traditional Santorini style house, taken in Thira (or Fira), the island's capital
A simple but, I think, very effective photo of an Orthodox Church "spire" in Oia, Santorini.
Where else but Santorini?
These decorative pot plants were outside a shop in Oia, Santorini.
This photo could have been taken on many Greek Islands, but it's Thira on Santorini.
There are many decorative pots and pot plants on Santorini. This one is in Thira, the Island's caapital
This could have been taken on many Greek Islands, but it's from Thira on Santorini again.
Another photo from Oia, on the top of Santorini, taken at sunset.
The sunset at Oia, on the top of Santorini, casts a warm glow over the traditionally white buildings. Photos like these are cliches, but so what - it's so popular because it's so good, and lives up to the hype.
The view over the caldera in santorini is spectacular at any time. This photo was taken at dusk, and has a very calm and peaceful effect.
Oia, a village at the top of Santorini, is rightly famous for its sunsets, which cast a warm glow on the traditional white buildings. This church is on the cliff facing the caldera.
You might find some more related photos through these galleries


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Alumni Profile
Profile Mariel Verdi, SIS/BA '07, MA '10
Why did you choose SIS?
The School of International Service and American University offered the International Affairs education I was looking for, a top-ten international studies school, and value. If it were not for the generosity of the need-based scholarship from AU, I would have never been able to have the same experience that I did. I will always be grateful for the school's generosity.
How do you make a difference in the world?
I have always aimed to serve others. Recently, I led a group focused on narrowing the gender gap in Department of State leadership by empowering and encouraging women at the entry and junior levels of their career. Through mentoring, panel discussions, and small group engagement with leadership, a small board of directors and I grew the organization to over 500 members. On a more personal level, I inspired three female interns to successfully pursue full time careers. It was a three-year labor of love. Now that I have joined Booz Allen Hamilton, I coordinate outreach activities for federal sector clients that successfully convey their message while ensuring they can serve the taxpayer.
How has SIS made a difference in your world?
SIS created an environment where I could meet people who shared my passion for international affairs and had a different perspective on the world. I had classes with professors and students from all over the world and across the United States. They challenged me to think about my opinions and find the facts to support them. I will never forget the wide-eyed inspiration I felt when Professor Vidyamali Samarasinghe would tell us about her field research surrounding the health of female tea farmers, the pain I felt when Professor Christine Chin talked about her interviews with sex workers, and the enthusiasm I couldn't but take on when learning from Professor Nannette Levinson. It was an unrivaled experience.
What is your field of study?
I completed my Bachelors in International Studies with a focus on International Development and Latin America in 2007, and my Masters in International Communication with a focus on Information Communication Technology for Development in 2010.
What world issue most interests you?
The construction of mobile phone and fiberoptic networks worldwide, especially in Africa, and its effect on economic development and health.
Who is your professional role model?
First, Madeleine Albright. She combined intelligence, dogged determination, and shrewd judgment to tackle some of the world's most complex problems during her career, spanning from academia, to the National Security Council, to the United Nations, then the Department of State, and now the National Democratic Institute.
Next, Hillary Rodham Clinton. She successfully put compassion into domestic and foreign policy to make some of the most beneficial changes at home and abroad. She could also eloquently reply to even the most vitriolic of colleagues on the Hill.
What is your favorite book?
Atlas Shrugged. It uses vivid imagery to demonstrate the world's struggles with economic shifts in the time it was written. It also features a strong female protagonist.
What is your favorite movie?
Love Actually. It is a funny, intelligent, very human romantic comedy.
Is there a pivotal experience that led to your current position?
When I stood in front of the group, celebrating the second anniversary of Executive Women at State: Entry and Junior Level, a group that I founded in 2009 in response to the attrition of entry level women who had joined the Department of State of peers, I realized that with enough determination, I could do anything and do my part to make the world, my workplace, my community a better place.


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Forgot your username/password?
Click here
More videos
As part of our Centennial Celebration in 2006, we asked members to contribute reminiscences of their early thoughts about becoming a scientist, their experience as postdocs, their first paper published, their first lecture at an ASBMB Meeting, the friendships and connections they formed with other ASBMB members, their impressions of the first ASBMB meeting they attended, and anything else they thought pertinent.
11200 Rockville Pike, Suite 302, Rockville, MD 20852-3110Phone: (240) 283-6600 • Email Us © Copyright 2017 American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology


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Office: Seminary 354
Robert Conger, professor of music, has been teaching at Southeast Missouri State University in Cape Girardeau since 2004. His responsibilities include directing the Jazz program including combos and ensembles, teaching applied low brass (trombone & euphonium), conducting and instrumental music education classes. He coordinates and directs the annual Clark Terry/Phi Mu Alpha Jazz Festival, for the Department of Music and is the webmaster of the department website. In May 2007, Southeast's College of Liberal Arts presented Dr. Conger with its annual award for Outstanding Teaching.
He also is a member of the Southeast Faculty Brass Quintet, a very popular chamber group which performs both on- and off-campus at least 30 times per year. In addition, he recently organized the Jazz Sultans, a jazz combo which frequently performs around town. Dr. Conger's trombone performances include solo recitals, jazz combos, brass quintet, as well as orchestral playing. He also performs with the Paducah Symphony Orchestra on trombone. He received his Bachelor's degree in Music Education from East Carolina University, his Master's of Music in music theory/composition from Northwestern University, and his Doctorate in Music Arts in trombone performance from North Texas State University.
He also has been a member of the faculty at Fort Hays State University, Miami University, and taught in the public schools of Florida, South Carolina and Texas for 20+ years. His middle and high school bands achieved superior ratings in all areas and he was honored at two different public schools as their 'Teacher of the Year.' Dr. Conger has conducted many honor bands including All-West Tennessee Red Band, Northeastern Missouri Honorable Mention Band, Eastern Missouri Conference Band, Southeast Missouri All-District Jazz Band, the Florida Middle School All State Band, Kansas Lions Band, and numerous regional honor bands in many states. He is a member of the International Trombone Association, Phi Mu Alpha, MENC, Missouri Bandmasters, Florida Bandmasters Association, Missouri Music Educators and is available as a soloist, clinician, adjudicator and guest conductor.
E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Office phone: (573) 651-2398


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There are different spectrum's of body modifications from the not so extreme like body piercings to the way extreme like scarification. Scarification is considered on the extreme side of body modifications because of its nature in intentionally scaring the body using different methods. The people who chose to do this use their human body as a live canvas to display a piece of artwork, thus scarification is not considered harming oneself.
In many cultures for many of years scarification has been used for spiritual or rite of passage purposes. In modern day cultures, some people still practice this ritual for spiritual or rite of passage purposes but most people use it as a pronounced statement about themselves. There are far more tattoo artist than scarification specialist because tattooing is more popular then scarification. Finding a professional to do the scarification procedure is very important in the end result of this body modification.
The point of scarification is to create a scar on the body that will be there for life in which ever design was picked out. The scar can be created using many different methods by a professional. The 3D raised effect that scarification causes is best achieved by the correct kind of scar tissue. Hypertrophic scarring is more common in most people. The best kind of scarring that would give the best raised look would be keloid scarring. This type of scaring does not happen for everyone, it has a lot to do with ones genetics and skin tone. Darker pigmented skin usually heals with a keloid scar. As with any other body modification, the healing process is the most important in getting the perfect body art scar. Once the professional has done their part in the scarification process, it is up to the body to create the scar. Most professionals will recommend irritating the wounds to help create a larger more raised scar.
The longer the wound is unable to heal completely the better the scar will be. It is still recommended to keep the area cleaned to avoid infection. Irritating the area can be done by removing the scab that is formed during the healing process, by either picking it or rubbing it off completely. Some people use chemical agents to help irritate the open wound to make the scar more predominate. Toothpaste and citrus juice are the most commonly used irritant. Even though it is recommended to irritate the open wound to make a better scar, it is okay to allow the scarification to heal naturally on its own. With this type of body art modifications, infection is not uncommon. Keeping the wound cleaned, bandaged, and allowing to heal on its own is the safest way to prevent infection from happening. The scar that is created from the body naturally healing the body modification will not be nearly as impressive compared to irritating the wound to help create a better scar. The healing time will vary from person to person but it can take up to six months to completely heal a scarification the correct way.
Make sure to keep reading The Chain Gang Blogs for the continuation of this subject; methods scarifications are done.


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Sept. 22 Board of Supervisors Meeting Features 6 Presentations
Sept. 19, 2008
News Highlights
- Bishop Floyd B. Brown Jr. to be honored.
- Fire Prevention Week, Domestic Violence Awareness Month, Mental Illness Awareness Week, Disability Employment Awareness Month and African American Adoption Awareness Month to be designated.
- A downloadable photo and synopsis of each presentation will be posted on the county's Web site.
More Information
The Fairfax County Board of Supervisors, at its meeting on Monday, Sept. 22, scheduled to begin at 9:30 a.m., will make the following presentations to residents and county staff. For more information, call 703-324-3187, TTY 711. For information on the Sept. 22 meeting, including an agenda, visit www.fairfaxcounty.gov/government/board/meetings/2008.htm.
Fire Prevention Week
The Board of Supervisors will designate Oct. 5-11, 2008, as Fire Prevention Week in Fairfax County. The National Fire Protection Association's theme for this year, "It's Fire Prevention Week – Prevent Home Fires!" reminds residents to take precautions at home to reduce the occurrence of home fires and home fire injuries.
Domestic Violence Awareness Month
The Board of Supervisors will designate October as Domestic Violence Awareness Month in Fairfax County. Domestic violence in communities and its impact on families, women and children is recognized nationally during October. It is a time to remember and honor the courage and resiliency of victims and survivors, raise community consciousness about the prevalence of domestic violence and encourage prevention activities.
Mental Illness Awareness Week
The Board of Supervisors will designate Oct. 5-11, 2008 as Mental Illness Awareness Week in Fairfax County. Discrimination, misperceptions and lack of understanding continue to be significant challenges for individuals with mental illness in obtaining the help they need. Residents are encouraged to increase their awareness of serious and persistent mental illness, and promote greater understanding throughout the community.
Disability Employment Awareness Month
The Board of Supervisors will designate October as Disability Employment Awareness Month in Fairfax County. The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 promotes independence, empowerment and quality of life. During October, emphasis will be placed on the progress that has been made since 1990 as well as the work that needs to continue to ensure the goals of equal access and full inclusion for everyone.
Bishop Floyd B. Brown Jr.
The Board of Supervisors will recognize Bishop Floyd B. Brown Jr. for his 50th anniversary of outstanding and noteworthy service as founding pastor and shepherd of the Church of the Blessed Trinity. Brown established the first Pentecostal congregation in Fairfax County.
African American Adoption Awareness Month
The Board of Supervisors will designate October as African American Adoption Awareness Month in Fairfax County. As of Aug. 1, Fairfax County had 429 children in foster care, of which more than 40 percent were African American. Residents are urged to remember that it is never too late for a child to have a family, to recognize families who have adopted African American children and further the awareness of this critical need.
Fairfax County Office of Public Affairs
12000 Government Center Parkway, Suite 551
Fairfax, VA 22035-0065
Contact: Merni Fitzgerald, Director of Public Affairs
703-324-3187, TTY 711, Fax 703-324-2010
Media Pager: 703-324-NEWS (6397)
Fairfax County is committed to
nondiscrimination on the basis of disability in all county programs,
services and activities. To request this information in an alternate
format, call the Office of Public Affairs at 703-324-3187, TTY 711.


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Place all ingredients in a saucepan, except the parsley. Season with Eden Sea Salt, cover and simmer for 10 minutes. Turn off flame and stir in the parsley before serving.
Per serving - 176 calories, 0 gram fat (1% calories from fat), 11 gram protein, 33 gram carbohydrate, 10 gram fiber, 0 milligram cholesterol, 219 milligram sodium


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Updated from 10:03 a.m. ET to include GE Capital's contribution of 47% of the parent company's third quarter operating earnings, rather than the unit's 57% of net earnings, since GE's goals are based on operating earnings and not net earnings. Also updated to include comments from Citigroup analyst Deane Dray.
NEW YORK ( TheStreet) -- General Electric ( GE) has been making significant progress toward its goal of improving efficiency and margins, while making more efficient use of capital as it shrinks GE Capital, however, the investor goals outlined by the company on Wednesday left some analysts unimpressed.
One of GE's most important long-term goals is to lower its liquidity risk and unlock value for its shareholders by moving back toward a stronger focus on its industrial business. The company's financial arm provided 47% of its operating earnings during the third quarter of 2013, but GE CEO Jeff Immelt's long-term goal is for GE Capital to contribute roughly 30% of the parent company's operating earnings, with various industrial businesses providing the other 70%. GE on Wednesday said it was on track to achieve this goal by 2015.
Other goals and expectations outlined by GE on Wednesday included organic industrial growth of 4% to 7% in 2014, the deployment of roughly $90 billion in cash through dividends, share buybacks, acquisitions and organic growth from 2014 to 2016, and an expansion of the company's industrial profit margin to roughly 17% by2016 from the current 15.8%.
The company is also looking for its return on capital to increase to 17% by 2016 from 15% today.
GE Capital
GE had already made tremendous progress in shrinking GE Capital, with the unit's "ending net investment" (ENI), excluding non-interest bearing liabilities, cash and equivalents, declining to $385 billion as of Sept. 30, from $425 billion a year earlier.
But the company in November announced it would would spin off its North American consumer finance business through a transaction that will be tax-free to GE shareholders and include an initial public offering of up to 20% of the equity in the new company. GE expects to complete the IPO "later in 2014," after which it will complete its exit from the consumer finance business through a tax-free distribution of the remaining 80% of the new company to GE shareholders during 2015.
Shedding more financial services assets not only improves GE's liquidity profile, it frees up more capital for eventual return to investors through dividend increases and/or share buybacks. GE last week raised its quarterly dividend on common shares to 22 cents from 19 cents, for a yield of 3.21%, based on Wednesday's closing price of $27.41.
GE during the first three quarters of 2014 returned $13.9 billion to investors through dividends and buybacks. Please see TheStreet's earnings overage for details on the company's third-quarter results.
"The 2014 targets were broadly in line with expectations, with a bit better organic growth at the high end," according to JPMorgan Analyst C. Stephen Tusa, who has a neutral rating on GE, with a $26 price target.
Tusa in a note to clients Thursday said, "we see the story transitioning back to end markets/EPS, where top line growth (rather than restructuring) is likely needed to drive earnings upside versus expectations - this is a more balanced risk/reward relative to the 'self help' thesis that has driven the stock over the last 1-2 years."
BernsteinResearch analyst Steven Winoker rates GE "market perform," with a $27 price target.


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Richard Thompson describes Fairport Convention as a "historically important band". They are still going strong and get a fine tribute in an intimate and thorough memoir of the band, told through the stories of the people involved.
The origins of the band are recounted humourously — how a group of young friends convened at a Muswell Hill house called Fairport that had once been a doctor's surgery. The band's first gig was on May 27 1967 at St Michael's Church Hall in Golders Green, north London. The book quotes the advert they put in Melody Maker magazine:
"Fairport Convention stays home again, patiently awaiting bookings (TUD 0718)."
Spare a thought for drummer Shaun Frater, who was asked to leave after that first gig, holding the record for the shortest tenure with the band.
Fairport went through a lot of drama, of course, not least the terrible road accident in May 1969 that killed drummer Martin Lamble, aged 19, and Thompson's girlfriend, Jeannie Franklyn.
The rise of Sandy Denny is dealt with in revealing detail and the book does not shy away from the rows, splits and the battle for survival that has been intrinsic to a band which has managed to survive for 45 years.
This pretty, cloth-bound book features lovely illustrations. There is one, dated May 1967, of the ticket designed by Judy Dyble for the first gig, which is the print of the outline of Thompson's hand.
Fairport folk fans will love the care that has gone into the book (edited by Nigel Schofield) and even general music fans will be intrigued by the anecdotes and tales — including one about the film Ken Russell made of the Cropredy Festival, the annual music event that has helped sustain the band. Cropredy is now an important fixture on the British music calendar. There is also a limited edition with a nameplate signed by founder Simon Nicol and the present members of the band.
The world famous band (with very ordinary English beginnings) merit such a classy tribute.
Fairport by Fairport by Nigel Schofield (Limited edition published by Rocket 88, an imprint of Essential Works Limited)


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Evolution is a personal information management application that provides integrated mail, calendaring and address book functionality.
Online Support
First consult the Evolution Manual.
The evolution-list mailing list is the best place to seek further assistance with using Evolution, for example when you have problems.
Subscribe here!
The evolution-hackers mailing list is for developer discussions. The topics can get pretty technical.
Subscribe here!
Many Evolution developers and users can also be found on IRC (irc.gimp.org), channel #evolution.
Get the Source Code
The Evolution project releases its source code as tarball files, from which Free Software distributors can create easily-installable binary packages for users.
Most likely your Free Software distribution (Fedora, Mint, Ubuntu, etc.) already provides binary packages for Evolution. The following links are only for the source code.
The latest stable releases are the 3.24 series. Tarballs can be found for these various components (see also the ".news" files accompanying them for a list of changes):
evolution-ews 3.24.x (optional)
evolution-mapi 3.24.x (deprecated)
The latest development snapshot tarballs (3.24 series, what will become 3.25) can be found below (after the first 3.25 release):
evolution-ews 3.25.x (optional)
evolution-mapi 3.25.x (deprecated)
Or you can clone the source code repositories with git:
git clone git://git.gnome.org/evolution-data-server (Browse)
git clone git://git.gnome.org/evolution (Browse)
git clone git://git.gnome.org/evolution-ews (optional) (Browse)
git clone git://git.gnome.org/evolution-mapi (deprecated) (Browse)
You can also view the schedule of upcoming releases.
Developer Resources
How to Build Evolution from sources
See all the easy-to-fix bugs in Bugzilla
Bugzilla Topics (used in "Status Whiteboard" entry)
Extensions (gradually replacing EPlugin)
Reference Manuals
Camel (for email)
The following materials have aged. Some parts are no longer accurate and need a rewrite.
Evolution-EWS (Exchange Web Services)
Exchange Web Services operations feature's parity matrix with /EWS (evolution-ews)
Feature Planning
MilanCrha (mcrha)
User Documentation
AndreKlapper (andre)
IRC nick names in brackets.


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You won't be able to dismiss this by usual means (escape or click button), but you can close it programatically based on user choices or actions.
"Amazing invitations for my sister's bachelorette party! Every other site had cheap looking invitations but these were fantastic. They shipped fast and were exactly what I wanted. So impressed with the quality! I chose a style that were postcards which looked great. They confirm your order before shipping which is another bonus!"
"This Bachelorette party postcard turned out great! Wedding Paper Divas sent me my proof right away as promised and they were delivered to my home on time. I will for sure use them in the future for invitations!"
"As a first time Maid of Honor it was a bit stressful realizing everything I had to plan for my friends big day! I found these beautiful postcards for the bachelorette and they are SO beautiful! I have received so many compliments how nice they are! It was so nice to just put in all the details and know that I would not have to hand write a bunch of invites! And the delivery was super fast!! I never expected them to arrive so quickly! I will be ordering the bridal shower invitations from here as well!"
"I was looking for something simple within the black and gold theme and found this. Super easy to customize and the best part was that it's a postcard so I didn't have to buy envelopes! It showed up way before the estimated arrival date, which was great. And I could include a little message on the back for the guests. Perfect!"
"I loved these bachelorette party invites! I chose a customized color to match my bridesmaid color and it turned out great!"


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Printable View
I just bought a quad retro fish from jay. He helped me through the entire process, asked about the conditions I surf, my experience and proficiency, and then my board was made to spec by Alex Gamino. He ain't in China, for sure. Custom board. I just waxed it and it's going in the water tomorrow.
Local shaper . . . my Equinox retro fish was shaped in California by Alex Gamino.


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Commuting could be making you miserable - especially if you catch the bus.
Released by Britain's Office of National Statistics, a study found that "commuters have a lower life satisfaction, a lower sense that their daily activities are worthwhile, lower levels of happiness and higher anxiety on average than non-commuters".
The study was based on the 2012-2013 annual population survey and compared the personal well-being of 60,200 respondents.
When travel method and time spent commuting were combined, researchers found that "taking the bus or coach to work on a journey lasting more than 30 minutes was the most negative commuting option in terms of personal well-being".
Regardless of the mode of transport, journey times between 61 and 90 minutes had the greatest effect on all aspects of personal well-being for commuters, the study found.
But when commuting time reached more than three hours, the negative effects on personal well-being vanished.
It also found people who commute by train had higher anxiety than those who drove.
Walking to work isn't any better for your well-being. When compared with people who travel 1-15 minutes, "those walking between 16 and 30 minutes to work had lower life satisfaction, a lower sense that daily activities are worthwhile and lower happiness levels on average".
The report does, however, say that there are benefits associated with commuting. A person chooses to commute and accepts the negative effects of doing so. In return, they may be compensated with higher earnings, better career prospects or nicer housing further away from work.
Regardless of how you think are being compensated for your commuting, therapist Sherry Marshall says we underestimate the effect it can have on us.
The author of A Search for Meaning, says, "shorter travelling times and easier journeys actually make us happier than a bigger house, though we don't initially think that."
In other words, how much does our journey to work really cost us, and not just financially?
We all know that commuting is stressful, but Marshall says that on a physical level we are more likely to have health problems.
While emotionally "we can become anxious and more stressed and angry, as clearly demonstrated by the increasing road rage," she says.
Happiness starts in the mind, she says, but when we get what we want the happiness associated with that lasts an average of three days.
"Everyone has a set happiness point which we return to."
Each "point" is different but most importantly it's changeable, depending on your attitude.
If you can't change your situation you can change the way you think.
So what are some things people can be doing to reduce anxiety and stress associated with commuting?
Marshall recommends using the time for your happiness.
"You can listen to music or podcasts, audio books, do a distance learning course, watch a movie, text and chat, read a book, work on your iPad or read interesting articles," she says.
It's also important to examine what is making us unhappy, stressed or anxious.
Most importantly, "find a way to live your life that you choose, not the life society tells you will make you happy", she says.
"The myth of happiness is made up of many different factors. Happiness doesn't so much depend on our external factors, though they can help. It's what we think and how we feel," says Marshall.


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Here is the slide (Simplified Chinese) for a coming event at Shanghai.
Exciting to share the concept how to realize the omnimedia with the support of Adobe Digital Media and Digital Marketing solutions.
Giving MTV, ESPN, and BBC as the examples. Target on optimizing and monetizing with the combination of your Audiences, Ads, and Content.
Slide (Simplified Chinese): Adobe_Video_Solution_20120529


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It's all about the details for the Harry Potter theme park in Orlando, Florida. The HPTP was hotly anticipated for several reasons: 1. It's a way to connect with and continue the magic of Harry Potter 2. It's a way a experience a tiny bit of the Harry Potter magic. 3. It sounds awesome!
It's a tall order for any theme park to fulfill: to make a magical land that children and adults have been imagining for so long. What if they get it wrong? What if every detail isn't perfect? We will know, because we nitpick every aspect of the Harry Potter movies.
Nevertheless, how can any Harry Potter fan not be excited about a theme park based entirely from Harry Potter? True, they will take many details from the movies since it's easier to conjure up sets, but we can still experience everything we've always wanted. It's a fan's paradise.
Based on reviews of the park, which opened last summer, here's a breakdown of what to see:
Best: Places! The details and the food (try the butterbeer! Candies from Honeydukes!) are supposed to be spot on. They really worked hard to cater to exactly how we imagine the food. I know I've often wondered what butterbeer and pumpkin juice tastes like.
Mixed: For those seeking thrilling roller-coasters, HPTP is not for you. The rides are recycled ideas and not especially ground-breaking. What is special are the details built around the rides. Harry Potter and the Forbidden Journey will take you on a tour of Hogwarts Castle, and who doesn't want to see that?
For those who have been to the park, weigh in with your thoughts! Did it live up to your expectations?


text: What Are Our Students Doing This Summer? Posted May 2, 2014 by PhysicsTags: Department News, Student Achievements Every summer students from the Physics and Engineering department engage in a variety of research projects. Some of them stay here at Wheaton College and are part of the Wheaton Summer Research Program. Others get accepted into an REU program, which stands for Research Experience for Undergraduates, and participate in collaborative research often at a large state university or a national laboratory. While not exhaustive, the list below gives a glimpse of the research that our students are engaged in this summer. Alex Armstrong (Physics '15, Philosophy '15) Accepted into an REU at Kansas State University "I will be doing research in High Energy Particle Physics. I am excited to get involved with the larger scientific community, practice my programming skills, and do a more in-depth look at a particular area of physics." Maddie Baltzer (Physics '16) Accepted into the Summer Research Program at Wheaton College "This summer I will be working with Dr. Darren Craig to make localized velocity measurements of plasma. We will calibrate the Charge Exchange Recombination Spectroscopy (CHERS) system in order to find the absolute velocity of plasmas in the Madison Symmetric Torus (MST)." Jonathan Cuthbertson (Physics '15) Accepted into an REU program at the University of South Florida "I will be working on a project in Biophysics or Medical Engineering (I have not be assigned a specific project yet). Since I am currently planning on attending graduate school, this opportunity will present a sample of the kind of work I would be doing in the future. Also, who wouldn't like getting paid to have fun with physics?!" Patrick Farley (Physics '15) Accepted into an internship at IBM at the Watson Research Center, Yorktown, NY "I'll be working in a micro-fabrication lab building circuits and other hardware components. These will be special requests from various research teams. The lab is a kind of micro-business within the research center, with researchers as clients. I'm excited because I'll be able to work closely with experts in a variety of fields in science and technology. The Watson Research Center is comprised of many small specialized teams, and often teams reach across their fields of study to gain answers and solutions from each other. There's a lot of collaboration, and this results in more groundbreaking work being done." John Ginn (Physics '15) Accepted into the Summer Research Program at Wheaton College "Dr. Heather Whitney and I will be looking into the evidence for radiation damping in magnetization transfer experiments. This is a phenomenon that disrupts the correct measurement of the exchange of magnetization between the free water and macromolecular pools in a semisolid. We will investigate this by both direct experimentation and through the building various models to describe the experiment. We hope to demonstrate through our investigations that radiation damping does affect these measurements and propose a method to compensate for this phenomena." Spencer Hills (Chemical Physics '16) Accepted into the Summer Research Program at Wheaton College "I will study with Dr. AJ Poelarends how stars behave near the end of their lives, specifically which stars become supernovae and which stars become white dwarfs. I am excited because I get to do research, learn how to use complex models and explore an exciting new field of physics." David Martin (Physics '15) Accepted into a 10 week internship at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) in Denver, Colorado. "My project investigates how electron transport affects the performance of thin film photovoltaic systems, potentially looking into energy storage. I am excited to work at NREL because it will teach me valuable laboratory skills for my future career, and exposes me to the renewable energy field about which I am passionate. I'm glad and blessed to have this opportunity and look forward to applying what I have learned at Wheaton, and learning more at NREL." Michael Morken (Physics '15) Accepted into the Summer Research Program at Wheaton College "I will be working on technical improvements to the Wheaton Impulsive Reconnection eXperiment (WIRX) under supervision of Dr. Darren Craig. I am excited about it because it will give me the chance to get exposure to an experiment in the design phase. I hope that I will be able to stay on the project long enough to see how the technical improvements lead to better data collection." Justin Provencher (Civil Engineering '16) Accepted into an internship at LAN Associates, Midland Park, NJ "I will be working on the creation and modification of AutoCAD drawings and plans, storm water and land calculations, on site construction administration, and any other aid to the civil engineering department. I'm excited to be immersed in the engineering field full time and to experience the different responsibilities of civil engineers both in and out of the office." James Tarka (Physics '15, Mathematics '15) Accepted into an REU at Louisiana State University Dept. of Physics & Astronomy "I'll be working on Loop Quantum Cosmology. I look forward to honing my programming skills and learning more about computational research in a field that it interesting, but is not really covered in undergraduate physics courses. I'm also excited to contribute to work on a significant project in physics, namely the unification of quantum mechanics and general relativity. Finally, I'm excited to discover what professional research is like at a large state institution." Meryl Vannoy (Chemical Engineering '17) Accepted into an REU project at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln in the Chemistry Department. "I will be doing a project with functional hybrid materials and the shape change in thermoplastics used in 3D printing. I am most excited to be able to learn about an area of research that I'm not familiar with and to experience working in a lab for the first time." Josh Winchell (Physics '14) Accepted into an REU at the Texas A&M Cyclotron Institute. "I don't have a specific project yet, but it would probably be something related to nuclear physics. I'm excited to gain some real-world experience and see how I perform on a single weeks-long task, as opposed to working on a bunch of rather unrelated homework at once."


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Kate Expectations
Laid-back beauty Kate Hudson arrived at ELLE's cover shoot in L.A. wearing a rock 'n' roll T-shirt by Ksubi, jeans, and vintage cowboy boots. Inspired by Adrian Lyne's steamy 1986 film 9½ Weeks, the ELLE team culled together jewels, slinky dresses, tailored suit pieces, sheer stockings, and garter belts for Hudson. She immediately gravitated toward the lingerie—and seemed to relish lounging around set in little else—admitting she has a fine collection of vintage nylons at home. Hudson also lusted after Cartier's gold rings and bracelets, a red Gucci suit (which she liked so much she said she'd wear it in any color), and sexy Dior fertility pumps. While modeling alluring bedroom-ready looks, Hudson hummed along to MGMT and Radiohead and chatted with the crew about being single and loving it—the perfect topic for a hot afternoon. Here are some key pieces to steal Hudson's look.
Suede bag, Boss Orange, $995, call 800-HUGO-BOSS.
Beyoncé Cover Shoot


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Via Aqua products are made with the highest quality components from all over the world to build the very best air pumps, airstones, filter cartridges, aquarium heaters and LED light fixtures for hobbyists of every level. Prior to release all Via Aqua products are subjected to stringent testing and quality control measures to ensure that only the very finest items ever leave the factory.Aquarium maintenance can be tricky, which is why Via Aquas line of products has been developed to make the process as easy as possible. They take pride in creating intuitive, easy to use products that are effective, long lasting and always reliable. From ultra bright, energy efficient LED lights to mechanical filter media to keep your water crystal clear, trust Via Aqua to provide only the very best for your tank.
Be sure to browse all of our Via Aqua pet products to make sure you find just the right product for the efficient, effective running of your aquarium. Pet Mountain is pleased to be a leading vendor of great Via Aqua products.Pet Mountain is proud to offer you a wide selection of Via Aqua pet products, at the very best prices available anywhere! Take a look at all of our huge selection of great deals! Cant find something youre looking for? Let us know! Wed love to help. Be sure to check out our online coupons and discount shipping on all your favorite products.Pet Mountain your have everything, online low price leader for all pet supplies!
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Grand Scale, my hat's off to you! I love to grill year-round in all kinds of weather...but even I would have a tough time wrestling the grill at 14 degress.
I stepped out into the mid 40's Saturday and smoked my third brisket ever, a 18 pound ham, and a turkey breast. All turn out perfectly. I may have cooked the brisket a little long, it cooked for 10 hours and reached an internal temp of 200 degrees. It was moist, tender and the best home cooked brisket we've ever had.
People find it humorous when they see three smokers out back...but they stop laughing when they taste the food


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The mission statement of the brand's founding husband and wife team is to design stylish, luxurious handbags and sell them at affordable prices under the label Melie Bianco. Since 2003, they have been doing just that. Melie Bianco is responsible for the most high-fashion, high-quality purses on the city streets. By using premium faux-leather and high-end hardware and lining, Melie Bianco is able to supply on-trend bags on a budget. Model street fashion and runway fashion inspire these fun bags, but that's not the only perk. Each bag is vegan, eco-friendly, and made with fewer chemicals than your average faux-leather bags. Melie Bianco has hit the nail on the head with these highly addictive, affordable purses.
No products match your selections. Try clearing your filters.


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The debate over monetary policy's limits is, once again, big news.
In recent weeks, Sir Mervyn King, governor of the Bank of England, and his deputy governor for monetary policy, Charlie Bean, have both questioned the usefulness of more quantitative easing. On Thursday, the Monetary Policy Committee halted bond-buying, suggesting the majority agrees with the Bank's top brass.
It is clear that the MPC now believes that it is running out of options, at least as far as "normal" policy is concerned.
But what is normal? Sir Mervyn has always considered quantitative easing an orthodox monetary policy. Marek Belka, president of the National Bank of Poland, disagrees. Read more


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|Home › Encyclopedia Smithsonian › History and Culture
General Information on Obtaining Authentication and Appraisal of Violins
The presence of a label with a famous maker name or date has no bearing on whether the instrument is genuine. Thousands upon thousands of violins were made in the 19th century as inexpensive copies of the products of great masters of the 17th and 18th centuries. At that time, the purchaser knew he was buying an inexpensive violin and accepted the label as a reference to its derivation. Catalogs from the period show that these instruments were advertised for less than $10. As people rediscover these instruments today, the knowledge of where they came from is lost, and the labels can be misleading.
A violin's authenticity (i.e., whether it is genuinely the product of the maker whose label or signature it bears) can only be determined through comparative study of design, model, wood characteristics, and varnish texture. This expertise is gained through examination of hundreds or even thousands of instruments, and there is no substitute for an experienced eye.
The Smithsonian, as a matter of legal and ethical policy, does not determine the monetary value of musical instruments. For such an appraisal, we recommend that you have your instrument examined by a reliable violin dealer in your area. Although we are not allowed to recommend a particular appraiser, we suggest you contact the American Federation of Violin and Bow Makers, Inc. to obtain a membership list. If there is no maker convenient to your area, you may elect to send to one of these members three black-and-white photographs of your violin showing straight-on front, side, and back views of the instrument.
Selected Bibliography
Bachmann, Alberto. An Encyclopedia of the Violin. 1925. Reprint. New York: Da Capo Press, 1975.
Hamma, Fridolin. German Violin Makers: A Critical Dictionary of German Violin Makers, with a Series of Plates Illustrating Characteristic and Fine Examples of Their Work. Translated by Walter Stewart. London: William Reeves, 1961.
Hamma, Walter. Meister italienischer Geigenbaukunst. New York: Baerenreiter Music Publishers, 1964. Text in German, English and French.
Henley, William. Universal Dictionary of Violin and Bow Makers. 5 vols. + supplement. 1956-60. Reprint. Tunbridge Wells, Kent, England: Amati Publishing, Ltd., 1997.Heron-Allen, Edward, 1861-1943. Violin-making, as it Was and Is: Being a Historical, Theoretical, and Practical Treatise on the Science and Art of Violin-making for the Use of Violin Makers and Players, Amateur and Professional. London: Ward Lock; New York, NY: distributed by Sterling Pub., 1984. (Originally published 1885.)
Hill, William Henry, Arthur Frederick Hill, and Alfred Ebsworth Hill. The Violin-Makers of the Guarneri Family (1626-1762): Their Life and Work. 1931. Reprint. London: Holland Press, 1965.
_______. Antonio Stradivari: His Life and Work, 1644-1737. rev. ed. New York: Dover Publications, 1963. Jalovec, Karel. Enzyklopõdie des Geigenbaues. Translated into German by Charlotte and Ferdinand Kirschner. Prague: Artia, 1965.
L³tgendorff, Willibald Leo, Freiherr von. Die Geigen und Lautenmacher vom Mittelalter bis zur Gegenwart, nach den besten Quellen bearbeitet. Frankfurt am Main: Frankfurter Verlags-Anstalt, 1922.
Poidras, Henri. Critical and Documentary Dictionary of Violin Makers Old and Modern. 2 vols. Translated by Arnold Sewell. Rouen: Imprimerie de la Vicomte, 1928-30.
Roda, Joseph. Bows for Musical Instruments of the Violin Family. Chicago: William Lewis and Son, 1959. Sadie, Stanley and Tyrrell, John, eds. The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, 2nd Edition. 29 vols. London, New York: Oxford University Press, 2001.
Vannes, Renķ, and Claude Lebet. Dictionnaire universel des luthiers. 5th ed. Brussels: Les Amis de la musique, 1981.
Wenberg, Thomas James. The Violin Makers of the United States. Mt. Hood, OR: Mt. Hood Publishing Co., 1986.
Prepared by the Division of Music, Sports and Entertainment
PIMS\MUS39\rev 12/05


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arizona soaring Archives
13 Reasons To Visit Maricopa In 2013
January 10, 2013 by in Play
The New Year is in full swing, and it's once again time to start planning that next trip. With the great weather and gorgeous scenery, why not make your next stop Maricopa, Ariz.? From the outdoor adventures to dining and entertainment, Maricopa has quickly become a go to place for those travelers looking for a… Read More →


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text: On 26 January 1863, Hooker was given command of the Army of the Potomac after Ambrose Burnside failed to lead his men to victory at the Battle of Fredericksburg. Hooker was known for his aggressiveness and also his ability to boost troop morale. When appointed commander, many conditions for his troops improved, such as diet and sanitary changes.


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Set aside the granola and 1/4 cup each of sliced strawberries and banana for garnish. Place all remaining ingredients in a blender and pulse several seconds. Pour into glasses and top each with an equal portion of granola and fresh berries and banana. Serve.
Per serving - 383 calories, 12 gram fat (27% calories from fat), 11 gram protein, 61 gram carbohydrate, 6 gram fiber, 0 milligram cholesterol, 100 milligram sodium


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Av. Ocenica 84 B, Barra Beach
From the Airport: Its possible to hire the TRANSFER through the reception of the Hostel. Another options to take the red bus "Praça da Se" and drop at the stop on front of Barra Center building, after "Morro do Cristo". Then you have to come back 4 blocks in the direction of the Cristo through the same street of the edge.
Hostelworld モバイルアプリ
Hostelworld モバイル用アプリで外出中でも予約可能です。